hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shangara Singh Mann
Shangara Singh Mann was an officer of the Indian National Army during World War II. He served as a captain and company commander during some of the earliest fighting against the British Indian Army in Assam, for which he was awarded the Sardar-e-Jung, the second-highest decoration bestowed by Azad Hind for valour in combat, and the Vir-e-Hind medal. Subhas Chandra Bose himself gave Singh Mann his medals in Rangoon. He was captured by the British and held in a prison in Multan from January 1945 to February 1946. Soon after he was released and he returned to his family in the Punjab, his life was disrupted by the partition of India. In 1959, he settled in Vadodara, Gujarat, where he remained as of 2001. He died aged 113.

Vadodara
Vadodara (Gujarati: [ˌʋəˈɖo.d̪ɾɐ̯] ⓘ), also known as Baroda, is a city on the banks of the Vishwamitri River in the Indian state of Gujarat. It serves as the administrative headquarters of the Vadodara district. The city is named for its abundance of banyan (vad) trees. Vadodara is also locally referred to as the Sanskrutik Nagari (transl. 'Cultural City') and Kala Nagari (transl. 'City of Art') of India.

The city is prominent for landmarks such as the Laxmi Vilas Palace, which served as the residence of the Maratha royal Gaekwad dynasty that ruled over Baroda State. It is also the home of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Lalmuni Chaubey
Lalmuni Chaubey (6 September 1942 – 25 March 2016) was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. He represented the Buxar constituency of Bihar for four consecutive terms as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), having previously sat as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Bihar from 1972.

He died at AIIMS in Delhi.

All India Institutes of Medical Sciences
The All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) is a group of autonomous government public medical universities of higher education under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. These institutes have been declared by an Act of Parliament as Institutes of National Importance. AIIMS New Delhi, the forerunner institute, was established in 1956. Since then, 24 more institutes were announced.

As of January 2023, twenty institutes are operating and four more are expected to become operational until 2025. Proposals were made for six more AIIMS under the leadership of Narendra Modi. It is considered as pioneer health institution of  Asia.
Snack eel
The Snack eel (Ethadophis merenda) is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ophichthidae, the worm and snake eels. It was described by Richard Heinrich Rosenblatt and John E. McCosker in 1970. It is a marine, subtropical eel which is known from a single specimen discovered in Mexico, in the eastern central Pacific Ocean. From the holotype, which was found in the stomach of a White seabass, males are known to reach a total length of 53 centimetres (21 in).

Due to the lack of multiple known specimens, and thereby an inability to acquire data on the ecology, habitat or threats faced by the species, the IUCN redlist currently lists the Snack eel as Data Deficient.

Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes, commonly known as the snake eels. The term "Ophichthidae" comes from Greek ophis ("serpent") and ichthys ("fish"). Snake eels are also burrowing eels.  They are named for their physical appearance, as they have long, cylindrical, snake-like bodies. This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from coastal shallows and even rivers, to depths below 800 m (2,600 ft). Most species are bottom dwellers, hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish, but some are pelagic.

These species range in total length from 5 cm (2.0 in) to 2.3 m (7.5 ft) or more. Many species lack fins altogether, improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms. They are often spotted or striped in colour, mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators. Often, they are washed ashore by large storms.
2025 Crete Challenger IV – Doubles
Filippo Moroni and Stuart Parker were the defending champions but only Parker chose to defend his title, partnering Vadym Ursu. They lost in the quarterfinals to Stefanos Sakellaridis and Petros Tsitsipas.

Mats Rosenkranz and Harry Wendelken won the title after defeating Victor Vlad Cornea and Patrik Niklas-Salminen 4–6, 6–4, [10–7] in the final.

Harry Wendelken
Harry Wendelken (born 18 December 2001) is a British tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 276 achieved on 16 February 2026 and a doubles ranking of No. 242 achieved on 16 February 2026.
Augustinus Rotundus
Augustinus Rotundus (Polish: Augustyn Rotundus, Lithuanian: Augustinas Rotundas, 1520–1582) was a Polish-born Christian and Renaissance humanist, erudite, jurist, political writer, and the first historian and apologist of Lithuania. Rotundus was vogt of Vilnius, general secretary to the Grand Duke and King Sigismund Augustus and elder of Stakliškės. After his nobilitation to the szlachta (nobility), Rotundus adopted surname Mieleski, or Milewski.

Mikołaj Radziwiłł the Black
Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł (4 February 1515 – 28 May 1565), nicknamed the Black (Polish: Czarny, Lithuanian: Juodasis), was a Polish- Lithuanian noble who held several administrative positions within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, including the Voivode of Vilnius, Grand Lithuanian Chancellor, and the Grand Hetman of Lithuania. He was also Reichsfürst (Prince) of the Holy Roman Empire.

Alternate renditions of his name include Lithuanian: Mikalojus Radvila Juodasis, Belarusian: Мікалай Радзівіл Чорны, and Latin: Nicolaus Radvil. His first name is sometimes given in English as Nicholas.
Finnish national road 7
Finnish national road 7 (Finnish: Valtatie 7; Swedish: Riksväg 7) is a highway in Finland. It runs from Erottaja in Helsinki to the Russian frontier at the Vaalimaa border crossing point in Virolahti. The road is 189 kilometres (117 mi) long. The road is also European route E18 and it is a part of TERN.

Virolahti
Virolahti (Finnish: [ˈʋiroˌlɑhti]; Swedish: Vederlax) is the southeasternmost municipality of Finland on the border of Russia. It is located in the Kymenlaakso region. The municipality has a population of 2,796 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 558.92 square kilometres (215.80 sq mi), of which 186.97 km2 (72.19 sq mi) is water. The population density is 7.51 inhabitants per square kilometre (19.5/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The Vaalimaa border crossing, which connects the municipality with Russia, is located in Virolahti.
Acleris keiferi
Acleris keiferi is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California and Idaho.

Adults have been recorded on wing from May to October.

The larvae feed on Rosa californica, Rubus ursinus and Fragaria species.

Rosa californica
Rosa californica, the California wildrose, or California rose, is a species of rose native to the U.S. states of California and Oregon and the northern part of Baja California, Mexico. The plant is native to chaparral and woodlands and the Sierra Nevada foothills, and can survive drought, though it grows most abundantly in moist soils near water sources.

This thorny, flowering, fruit-bearing shrub is also deciduous, and grows vertically up to six feet tall. The meaning of its name is twofold; Rosa, that it resembles or is composed of roses, and californica, that it originates from California.
Fish Slough Area of Critical Environmental Concern
The Fish Slough Area of Critical Environmental Concern is a protected slough in Inyo County, eastern California. It is located on the western side of the Chalfant Valley,  5 miles (8.0 km) north of Bishop in the northern Owens Valley area.

Its 36,000 acres (15,000 ha) were designated as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) in 1982, and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. The Fish Slough Area is an oasis in the middle of the otherwise arid volcanic tableland. In 1975, Fish Slough was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
Ar-Rahman Mosque (Pyongyang)
The Ar-Rahman Mosque (Korean: 마스지드 알라흐만; MR: maseujideu allaheuman; Persian: مسجد الرحمن, romanized: masjid ar-rahman, lit. 'Mosque of the Merciful One')) is a mosque in Pyongyang, North Korea. The mosque is situated on the grounds of the Iranian embassy, and is considered the country's first and only mosque.

McCune–Reischauer
McCune–Reischauer (MR; /məˈkjuːn ˈraɪʃaʊ.ər/ mə-KEWN RYSHE-ow-ər) is a romanization system for the Korean language. It was first published in 1939 by George M. McCune and Edwin O. Reischauer. Significant work on the system was done by Korean linguists Choe Hyeon-bae, Jeong In-seop, and Kim Seon-gi.

According to Reischauer, McCune "persuaded the American Army Map Service to adopt [the McCune–Reischauer system], and through the Korean War it became the foundation for most current Romanizations of Korean place names."

A variant of McCune–Reischauer is currently used as the official system in North Korea. Another variant is currently used for standard romanization library catalogs in North America. On the other hand, South Korea formerly used yet another variant as its official system from 1984 to 2000, but replaced it with the Revised Romanization of Korean in 2000.
Louis Tillett (politician)
Louis John Tillett (13 June 1865 in Sprowston, Norfolk – 24 November 1929 in Buxton, Norfolk) was a Liberal Party politician.

He was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Norwich at the 1904 by-election on 15 January 1904. He was re-elected in 1906 and held the seat until he stood down from the House of Commons at the 1910 general election in January of that year.

Buxton, Norfolk
Buxton is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Buxton with Lamas, in the English county of Norfolk. It is 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 km) south-east of Aylsham and 9 miles (14 km) north of Norwich.
Toom (surname)
Toom is a common surname in Estonia. Notable people with the surname include:

Alo Toom (born 1986), Estonian wrestler

Andrei Toom (1942–2022), Russian mathematician

Artur Toom (1884–1942), Estonian ornithologist and conservationist

Hugo Toom (born 2002), Estonian basketball player

Johannes Toom (1896–1972), Estonian weightlifter

Merily Toom (born 1994), Estonian footballer

Taavi Toom (born 1970), Estonian diplomat

Tanel Toom (born 1982), Estonian director and screenwriter

Yana Toom (born 1966), Estonian politician

Kardo Toom (born 1998), Estonian Hip-Hop artist from Parnu

Andrei Toom
Andrei Leonovich Toom (in Russian: Андрей Леонович Тоом), also known as André Toom, (1942 in Tashkent, Soviet Union – 2022 in New York, USA) was a mathematician known for the Toom–Cook algorithm and Toom's rule. Toom was a retired professor of the statistics department at Federal University of Pernambuco in Brazil. He was arrested in Boa Viagem, Recife, Brazil, in 2005 following allegations of sexual abuse involving a 16-year-old. He was later acquitted.

Toom was a student of Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro. His father was the Russian-Estonian poet Leon Toom (ru).

At the age of 80, Toom died of prolonged illness on September 29th, 2022, in Queens, New York.

At his time of death, he had 2 children (1 late), and 1 grandchild.
Batman: The Telltale Series
Batman: The Telltale Series is a 2016 episodic point-and-click graphic adventure video game developed and published by Telltale Games and distributed by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment under its DC Entertainment label. The game is based on the DC Comics character Batman, created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger, though not tied to any previous adaptation of the work in film or other media. Upon release, it received a mixed reception, with praised given for its atmosphere, action sequences, and faithfulness to the Batman mythos, but was criticized for its technical issues and plot. A second season, titled Batman: The Enemy Within, was released in 2017, and was viewed as an improvement over the original.

Though Telltale Games shut down in 2018, the licenses for the Batman and The Enemy Within games were acquired by Athlon Games, and both games were re-released by LCG Entertainment under a new Telltale Games label as the combined Shadows Edition in December 2019.

Warner Bros. Games
Warner Bros. Games (formerly Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment) is an American video game publisher based in Burbank, California. The publisher was founded as a division of Warner Bros. on January 14, 2004, as well as the WB Games brand. Warner Bros. Games manages the wholly owned game development studios TT Games, Rocksteady Studios, NetherRealm Studios, WB Games Boston, Avalanche Software and WB Games Montréal among others.
Sentencing (The Wire)
"Sentencing" is the 13th episode and finale of the first season of the HBO original series The Wire. The episode was written by David Simon and Ed Burns and was directed by Tim Van Patten. It originally aired on September 8, 2002.

Ed Burns
Edward P. Burns (born January 29, 1946) is an American screenwriter and television producer. He has worked closely with writing partner David Simon. For HBO, they have collaborated on The Corner, The Wire, Generation Kill, The Plot Against America, and We Own This City. Burns is a former Baltimore police detective for the homicide and narcotics divisions, and a public school teacher. He often draws upon these experiences for his writing.
Pseudo-zero set
In complex analysis (a branch of mathematical analysis), the pseudo-zero set or root neighborhood of a degree-m polynomial p(z) is the set of all complex numbers that are roots of polynomials whose coefficients differ from those of p by a small amount. Namely, given a norm |·| on the space  of polynomial coefficients, the pseudo-zero set is the set of all zeros of all degree-m polynomials q such that |p − q| (as vectors of coefficients) is less than a given ε.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
2016 World Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships
The 2016 ICF World Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships took place in Kraków, Poland from 12 to 17 July 2016 under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation (ICF) at the Kraków-Kolna Canoe Slalom Course. It was the 18th edition of the competition for Juniors (U18) and the 5th edition for the Under 23 category. No medals were awarded for the junior C2 team event and the U23 C2 team event due to low number of participating nations.

International Canoe Federation
The International Canoe Federation (ICF) is the umbrella organization of all national canoe organizations worldwide. It is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, and administers all aspects of canoe sport worldwide. 157 countries are affiliated with the ICF after seven national federations were added at the 2008 ICF Congress in Rome.
Play-by-post role-playing game
A play-by-post role-playing game (or sim) is an online text-based role-playing game in which players interact with each other and a predefined environment via text. It is a subset of the online role-playing community which caters to both gamers and creative writers. Play-by-post games may be based on other role-playing games, non-game fiction including books, television and movies, or original settings. This activity is closely related to both interactive fiction and collaborative writing. Compared to other roleplaying game formats, this type tends to have the loosest rulesets.

Gamer
A gamer is someone who plays interactive games, either video games, tabletop role-playing games, skill-based card games, or any combination thereof, and who often plays for extended periods of time. Originally a hobby, gaming has evolved into a profession for some, with some gamers routinely competing in games for money, prizes, or awards. In some countries, such as the US, UK, and Australia, the term "gaming" can refer to legalized gambling, which can take both traditional and digital forms, such as through online gambling. There are many different gamer communities around the world. Since the advent of the Internet, many communities take the form of Internet forums or YouTube or Twitch virtual communities, as well as in-person social clubs. In 2021, there were an estimated 3.24 billion gamers across the globe.
Purple Tunnel of Doom
Purple Tunnel of Doom was the name ascribed to the I-395 Third Street tunnel in downtown Washington, D.C., where thousands of holders of purple tickets lined up to witness the first inauguration of Barack Obama on January 20, 2009. Ticket colors corresponded to assigned viewing areas. Many were not admitted, despite having stood in line for hours.

Interstate 395 (Virginia–District of Columbia)
Interstate 395 (I-395) in Virginia and Washington, D.C., is a 13.79-mile-long (22.19 km) spur route of I-95 that begins at an interchange with I-95 in Springfield and ends at an interchange with US Route 50 (US 50) in Northwest Washington, D.C. It passes underneath the National Mall near the US Capitol and ends at a junction with US 50 at New York Avenue, roughly one mile (1.6 km) north of the 3rd Street Tunnel.

I-395 is known by three names over its various segments. The Virginia portion is part of the larger Shirley Highway that continues southward on I-95 beyond the terminus of I-395. In the District of Columbia, it is known as the Southwest Freeway from the 14th Street bridges to the Southeast Freeway interchange (I-695) and the Center Leg or Center Leg Freeway from the Southeast Freeway interchange to New York Avenue.

It is unrelated and unconnected to I-395 in Maryland.
Mary Beth Buchanan
Mary Beth Buchanan (née Kotcella) is the former United States Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania. She was nominated by George W. Bush on September 5, 2001, and confirmed by the United States Senate on September 14, 2001.

Buchanan was the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the position. Under Attorneys General John Ashcroft and Alberto Gonzales, Buchanan held two key Justice Department posts, splitting time between Washington, D.C., and Pittsburgh up until her resignation as Acting Director of the Department of Justice's Office on Violence Against Women in December 2007. In May 2010, Buchanan was a candidate for the United States House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district, but was defeated in the Republican primary.

Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney
Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC is an American law firm and lobbying group based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  The firm has more than 500 lawyers in offices in 15 U.S. cities. As of 2022, Buchanan Ingersoll is the third-largest law firm in Pittsburgh by number of attorneys in its Pittsburgh office.
Victor Morin
Victor Morin (August 15, 1865 – September 30, 1960) was a Canadian notary, politician, and writer.

Born in Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada East, Morin studied at the Université Laval de Montréal. In 1890, he started working as a notary in his uncle's firm Papineau & Marin. He would practice his profession for the next 72 years.

In 1910, he was elected to the Montreal City Council for the Centre (Vieux-Montréal) district.

From 1915 to 1924, he was president of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society. A Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, he served as its president from 1938 to 1939.

He is the author of the Code Morin, a book of rules for conducting deliberative assemblies, used in Quebec and Acadia. Morin's rules are inspired by Robert's Rules of Order.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Hello Friend (song)
"Hello Friend" is a song by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea, released on 10 November 1986 as the third single from his eighth studio album, On the Beach. The song was written by Rea, and produced by Rea and David Richards.

For its release as a single, Rea re-recorded the song and produced it alongside Stuart Eales. It reached No. 79 in the UK Singles Chart and remained in the Top 100 for six weeks.

The single's B-side is the first version of "Driving Home for Christmas" that Rea recorded. The song was re-recorded for New Light Through Old Windows in 1988 and released as a single in its own right. A special double 7-inch edition of the single was also released, containing two live tracks recorded earlier in 1986 at Montreux. The re-recorded version of "Hello Friend" was later included on the two-disc deluxe and remastered edition of On the Beach, released by Magnet in 2019.

David Richards (music producer)
David Richards (1956 – 20 December 2013) was an English record producer, engineer and musician. He was based in Switzerland in the Mountain Studios in Montreux, owned by the rock band Queen, and in Attalens, where he engineered and co-produced many albums by Queen, David Bowie and other artists. Richards also played keyboards on some records and dealt with live music recording in such events as Montreux Jazz Festival.

Richards died on 20 December 2013 after a long battle with an undisclosed illness.
Charlottetown meteorite
The Charlottetown meteorite was a meteorite fall observed on July 25, 2024. It is notable as the first meteorite known with video and audio of the impact recorded and as the only known meteorite fall in Prince Edward Island, Canada.

The Charlottetown meteorite is classified as H5 ordinary chondrite. Its impact left a divot measuring about 2 cm (0.79 in) across.

H chondrite
The H type ordinary chondrites are the most common type of meteorite, accounting for approximately 40% of all those catalogued, 46% of the ordinary chondrites, and 44% of all chondrites. The ordinary chondrites are thought to have originated from three parent asteroids, whose fragments make up the H chondrite, L chondrite and LL chondrite groups respectively.