hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Odites kollarella
Odites kollarella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Oronzio Gabriele Costa in 1832. It is found in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, Moldova and Greece, as well as on Corsica.

The wingspan is about 12.5 mm.

Oronzio Gabriele Costa
Oronzo Gabriele Costa (26 August 1787, Alessano – 7 November 1867 Naples) was an Italian zoologist.

At first a physician, he taught zoology at the University of Naples.  He wrote 126 papers on various subjects, principally entomology, and in 1846 served as president of the Accademia Pontaniana in Naples.

His two sons, Achille Costa (1823-1899) and Giuseppe Costa, were also both well-known zoologists.
Lynette Armstrong
Lynette Armstrong is a Botswana accountant and corporate executive, who was appointed as the acting chief executive officer of Debswana Diamond Company Limited, the largest diamond-mining company in the world, by value. She was appointed to that position in August 2019. Before that, from December 2015 until August 2019, Armstrong was the chief financial officer (CFO) at the same company. She relinquished her CEO/managing director role on 1 June 2022 when Andrew Maatla Motsomi became the new substantive CEO. Armstrong resumed her role of CFO at Debswana.

Debswana
Debswana Diamond Company Limited, or simply Debswana, is a mining company located in Botswana, and is the world's leading producer of diamonds by value. Debswana operates four diamond mines in the eastern and central parts of Botswana, as well as a coal mine. Debswana is a joint venture between the government of Botswana and the South African diamond company De Beers; each party owns 50 percent of the company.
Rotten and pocket boroughs
A rotten or pocket borough, also known as a nomination borough or proprietorial borough, was a parliamentary borough or constituency in England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom before the Reform Act of 1832 which had very few voters. They could be used by a patron to gain disproportionate influence within the House of Commons. The Reform Act of 1832 abolished the majority of these rotten and pocket boroughs.

The same terms were used for similar boroughs represented in the 18th-century Parliament of Ireland.

Functional constituency
A functional constituency is an electoral device (a non-geographical constituency) used within the political systems of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China:

Functional constituency in Hong Kong

Indirectly elected member in Macau

The 1948 election to the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China used a mixed electoral system, including some members elected by occupational groups, as specified by the 1947 constitution. Soon after, the Communist Revolution impelled the governing Kuomintang to suspend the constitution and retreat to Taiwan. The 1991 reforms which reintroduced democracy to Taiwan removed occupational constituencies from the Legislative Yuan.
Diari de Vilanova
Diari de Vilanova (DV) is a weekly newspaper published in Garraf, Catalonia, as well as a news website. It is sold in Garraf, Barcelona, Vilafranca del Penedès, and Baix Penedès. The newspaper sells approximately 7,500 copies a week and has 1,680 subscribers.

It was founded in Vilanova i la Geltrú on 1 August 1850 by Josep Pers Ricard, as a small daily newspaper named Diario de Villanueva, published in Spanish. In 1920 it became weekly, but was only published irregularly during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s and its aftermath when newspapers were repressed in Francoist Spain. In 1942 it received permission to resume publishing, and in 1976, during the transition to democracy, it changed to its current Catalan name. In 2015, experiencing declining circulation and profitability, the newspaper was bought by Edicions Comarca 17, changed its name to DV, and launched a new website.

Baix Penedès
Baix Penedès (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈbaʃ pənəˈðɛs]) is a comarca in the Penedès region, in Catalonia, Spain. The area has been settled since the times of the Iberians, with ancient ruins remaining in Banyeres at Can Canyís, at the village of Guàrdies and in Calafell at the villages of Toixoneres and la Ciutadella ("The Citadel"). The capital is El Vendrell.
Belgradstraße
The Belgradstraße is a 2.0-kilometer-long street in Munich's Schwabing district. It runs in a south–north direction between Kurfürstenplatz and Petuelpark, where it merges into Knorrstraße. The street was named after the Serbian capital Belgrade.

Schwabing
Schwabing (German pronunciation: [ˈʃvaːbɪŋ] ⓘ) is a borough in the northern part of Munich, the capital of the German state of Bavaria. It is part of the city borough 4 (Schwabing-West) and the city borough 12 (Schwabing-Freimann). The population of Schwabing is estimated at 100,000, making it one of the largest districts of Munich. The main boulevard is Leopoldstraße. (For further information on the Munich boroughs, see Boroughs of Munich.)
Farol da Ponta do Pargo
The Farol da Ponta do Pargo is an active lighthouse located in Ponta do Pargo, Madeira, Portugal. The lighthouse was built in 1922 on top of Ponta Vigia, a rocky cliff escarpment and has a focal height of 312 metres. In 2018 15,301 people visited the lighthouse.

Ponta do Pargo
Ponta do Pargo is a civil parish in the municipality of Calheta in the Portuguese island of Madeira. The population in 2011 was 909, in an area of 24.71 km2.
It is located west of the municipal seat of Calheta, and southwest of the municipality of Porto Moniz.
Henry V, Duke of Legnica
Henry V (Polish: Henryk, German: Heinrich; c. 1248 – 22 February 1296), called the Fat (Polish: Brzuchaty, German: der Dicke) was a Duke of Jawor from 1273, of Legnica from 1278, and Duke of Wrocław from 1290.

He was the eldest son of Bolesław II the Bald, Duke of Legnica and Hedwig, daughter of Henry I, Count of Anhalt.

Ząbkowice Śląskie
Ząbkowice Śląskie (Zombkovitze [zɔmpkɔˈvit͡sɛ ˈɕlɔ̃skʲɛ]; German: Frankenstein in Schlesien) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Ząbkowice Śląskie County and of a local municipality called Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie. The town lies approximately 63 kilometres (39 miles) south of the regional capital Wrocław. As of 2019, it had a population of 15,004.
Pseudoditrichum
Pseudoditrichum is a rare North American genus of haplolepideous moss (Dicranidae). It is the only known genus in its family (Pseudoditrichaceae), and there is only one species in the genus. Pseudoditrichum mirabile has been found only in a small area along the Sloan River near Great Bear Lake. This is in the Northwest Territory in northern Canada, only a few kilometers south of the Arctic Circle.

Pseudoditrichum mirabile is unusual in that the combination of the gametophyte features and the sporophyte morphology do not match any other moss family. The entire plant is a mere 3 mm tall, growing on moist silt, generally underneath Populus. It spreads vegetatively by means of spherical underground tubers as well as via narrow, thread-like gemmae. Spores are 15-21 μm long, shed one at a time.

Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (/ˈpɒplər/ ⓘ), aspen, and cottonwood.

The western balsam poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.
2021 in the United States
This article outlines United States-related events which occurred in the year 2021.

The COVID-19 pandemic continued to heavily impact the US, with the emergence of numerous COVID-19 variants leading to a substantial rise in both infections and deaths across the country.

Though Donald Trump lost his bid to be re-elected president of the United States to former vice president Joe Biden, Trump's attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election have continued throughout the year. On January 6, a minority of pro-Trump protestors stormed the Capitol building and temporarily halted the formal counting of electoral votes in Congress.

2021 was additionally defined by protests against COVID-19 lockdowns in response to the pandemic, as well as the beginning of a period of high inflation and ongoing protests mostly against police brutality. The year also saw an extremely active Atlantic hurricane season, a destructive wildfire season in California, and a power crisis in Texas.

Dominion Voting Systems
Dominion Voting Systems Corporation was a North American company that produced and sold electronic voting hardware and software, including voting machines and tabulators, in Canada and the United States.

In 2025, Scott Leiendecker purchased the company under a new company called Liberty Vote.
Prison riot
A prison riot is an act of concerted defiance or disorder by a group of prisoners against the prison administrators, prison officers, or other groups of prisoners.

Academic studies of prison riots emphasize a connection between prison conditions (such as prison overcrowding) and riots, or discuss the dynamics of the modern prison riot. In addition, a large proportion of academic studies concentrate on specific cases of prison riots. Other recent research analyzes and examines prison strikes and reports of contention with inmate workers.

Prison officer
A prison officer (PO) or corrections officer (CO), also known as a correctional law enforcement officer or less formally as a prison guard, is a uniformed law enforcement official responsible for the custody, supervision, safety, and regulation of prisoners.
Neeta Madahar
Neeta Madahar (born 1966) is a British artist who specialises in photography of nature, birds, and flora. She has had solo exhibitions in Canada, Barcelona, Berlin, Boston, France, London, and New York  and had a book, Flora, published by Nazraeli Press. She was named as one of the UK's 50 most significant contemporary photographers in an issue of Portfolio Magazine.

Some of her well appreciated series of photographs are "Sustenance" (2003), "Flora" on flowers "as props for the subjects who are her female friends", "Falling" (2005) of the sky, and "Cosmoses" (2005–07) comprising pictures of flowers shown like stars falling from the sky.

Nature photography
Nature photography encompasses a wide range of photography taken outdoors and devoted to displaying natural elements such as landscapes, wildlife, plants, and close-ups of natural scenes and textures. Nature photography tends to place a stronger emphasis on the aesthetic value of the photo than other photography genres, such as photojournalism and documentary photography.

"Nature photography" overlaps the fields of—and is sometimes considered an overarching category including—"wildlife photography", "landscape photography", and "garden photography".

Nature photographs are published in scientific, travel and cultural magazines such as National Geographic Magazine, National Wildlife Magazine and Audubon Magazine or other more specific magazines such as Outdoor Photographer and Nature's Best Photography. Well known nature photographers include Ansel Adams, Eliot Porter, Frans Lanting, Galen Rowell, and Art Wolfe.
42–44 Sackville Street
42–44 Sackville Street, known originally as Sackville House with originally two separate entrances, 42 and 44 Sackville Street, is a four-storey over basement Grade II listed building in Manchester, England. It is situated in the City Centre ward, and is delimited by Sackville Street to the east, the Rochdale Canal and Canal Street to the north, and Brazil Street to the south. It is adjoined on the west side by Amazon House, and faces Sackville Gardens.

It was built during the expansion of the city, after the Rochdale Canal was opened in 1804, which it is alongside. Its purpose was rental as several company offices.

It is the first 19th-century warehouse in Manchester to have been converted into New York-style residential loft apartments in the 20th century.

Canal Street, Manchester
Canal Street is a street in Manchester city centre in North West England and the centre of Manchester's gay village. The pedestrianised street, which runs along the west side of the Rochdale Canal, is lined with gay bars and restaurants. At night time, and in daytime in the warmer months, the street is filled with visitors, often including LGBT tourists from all over the world. The northern end of the street meets Minshull Street and the southern meets Princess Street; part of the street looks across the Rochdale Canal into Sackville Gardens.
Sydney de Zoysa
Sydney Godfrey de Zoysa (January 15, 1909 - October 20, 1994) was a Sri Lankan senior police officer. A former Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) of Range II and Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Internal Security, he was one of the co-conspirators of the attempted military coup of 1962.

Permanent secretary
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the civil service of the United Kingdom and has been adopted in several Commonwealth countries as well as other countries influenced by the Westminster system.
Amba Bongo
Amba Bongo (born April 21, 1962) is a writer and advocate for refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo-Kinshasa where she studied English and African Culture at Gombe's l'Institut Supérieur Pédagogique. She also studied Psychology at the University of Warocqué in Mons, Belgium.

Since 1994 she has worked within the British legal system and work as project director to Active Women a refugee community organisation supporting vulnerable French speaking African women refugees and asylum seekers seeking to settle in the United Kingdom. Amba writes novels, poems and short stories and she currently lives in London.

Her first novel Une femme en exil (ISBN 2-7384-9705-5) was published in 2000 by L’Harmattan, Paris. The story is about Anna, who finds a job as an academic adviser at the University of Kinshasa, but she is taken away by members of the state security service under who she endures suffering, humiliation and torture before she is ultimately exiled in London.

L'Harmattan
Éditions L'Harmattan, usually known simply as L'Harmattan (French: [laʁmatɑ̃]), is one of the largest French book publishers, founded by Denis Pryen and Robert Ageneau in 1975. It specialises in non-fiction books with a particular focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. It is named after the Harmattan, a trade wind in West Africa.

Éditions L'Harmattan, which initially specialized in publishing French-language works in the humanities and social sciences, has four publishing houses in Europe, eleven in Africa, and two bookstores in Paris.
Exhibition of 1762
The Exhibition of 1762 was the second art exhibition staged by the Society of Artists of Great Britain. Held at the Society's headquarters at Spring Gardens in London, it featured displays from leading figures in sculpture, painting, architecture and printmaking. It opened on 17 May 1762. It attracted over ten thousand attendees.

It featured submissions from numerous prominent British-based painters, many of whom had been founders members the previous year when the organisation broke away and staged the Exhibition of 1761. It was held while Britain was involved in the Seven Years War against France and Spain. A mocking parody the Exhibition of British Sign Painters was a held at Bow Street in Covent Garden, which featured pub signs alongside satirical works. Nonetheless the exhibition was considered a success. It was followed by the Exhibition of 1763 at the same location.

Richard Wilson (painter)
Richard Wilson RA (1 August 1714 – 15 May 1782) was a Welsh painter who specialised in landscape art and worked in Britain and Italy. With George Lambert he is recognised as a pioneer in British art of landscape for its own sake and was described in the Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales as the "most distinguished painter Wales has ever produced and the first to appreciate the aesthetic possibilities of his country". In December 1768 Wilson became one of the founder-members of the Royal Academy. A catalogue raisonné of the artist's work compiled by Paul Spencer-Longhurst is published by the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art.
Scream, Pretty Peggy
Scream, Pretty Peggy is a 1973 American made-for-television horror film directed by Gordon Hessler and starring Bette Davis, Ted Bessell, and Sian Barbara Allen. Its plot follows young college student Peggy Johns who is given a job by Jeffrey Thornton, a sculptor-housekeeper at a mysterious mansion where his sister Jennifer and their elderly mother reside. It was broadcast as the ABC Suspense Movie on November 24, 1973.

The film was shot on location at the old Noah Dietrich estate above the Sunset Strip in Hollywood.

Sunset Strip
The Sunset Strip is the 1.7-mile (2.7 km) stretch of Sunset Boulevard that passes through the city of West Hollywood, California, United States. It extends from West Hollywood's eastern border with the city of Los Angeles near Marmont Lane  to its western border with Beverly Hills at Phyllis Street. The Sunset Strip is known for its boutiques, restaurants, rock clubs, and nightclubs, as well as its array of huge, colorful billboards.
Battle of Chacabuco
The Battle of Chacabuco, fought during the Chilean War of Independence, took place on February 12, 1817. The Army of the Andes, from the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and led by Captain–General José de San Martín, defeated a Spanish force commanded by Rafael Maroto. This victory was a significant defeat for the Captaincy General of Chile, the royalist government established after the division of the Viceroyalty of Peru.

United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata or United Provinces of the River Plate, along with United Provinces in South America, are names used to refer to the emerging state that succeeded the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata after the May Revolution, from 1810 to 1831, encompassing the Argentine War of Independence, the Cisplatine War and the beginning of the Argentine Civil Wars. The aforementioned state is now the Argentine Republic. The name "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata" is recognised as one of the official names of Argentina according to Article 53 of its constitution.
Takashi Yokoyama (swimmer)
Takashi Yokoyama (横山 隆志, Yokoyama Takashi; 24 December 1913 – 1945) was a Japanese swimmer. He competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics, where he won a gold medal in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay event. He died in Kōchi, Japan.

Kōchi, Kōchi
Kōchi (高知市, Kōchi-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [koꜜː.tɕi, koː.tɕi̥ꜜ.ɕi], locally [koː.tɕi]) is the capital city of Kōchi Prefecture located on the island of Shikoku in Japan.  With over 40% of the prefectural population, Kōchi is the main commercial and industrial centre and the "primate city" of the prefecture. As of 1 April 2023, the city had an estimated population of 311,224 in 163,479 households, and a population density of 1,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 309.00 square kilometres (119.31 sq mi).
Greatest Hits Live (Take That)
Greatest Hits Live (also known as Odyssey Live) was the eleventh concert tour by the English band Take That, in support of their greatest hits album, Odyssey (2018). The tour began in Sheffield, England at FlyDSA Arena on 12 April 2019, and ended on 8 September 2019, in Gibraltar  at Victoria Stadium, consisting of 53 shows.

Odyssey (Take That album)
Odyssey is a greatest hits album by English band Take That. It was released on 23 November 2018 by Polydor Records. The collection features songs "re-imagined with new arrangements and production" by Stuart Price. Odyssey also includes three new tracks—"Out of Our Heads", "Spin", and "Everlasting". Odyssey debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, becoming the band's eighth number-one album and the fastest selling album by an artist of 2018, selling over 100,000 copies in its first week.
Bronchial blocker
An bronchial blocker (also called endobronchial blocker) is a device which can be inserted down a tracheal tube after tracheal intubation so as to block off the right or left main bronchus of the lungs in order to be able to achieve a controlled one sided ventilation of the lungs in thoracic surgery. The lung tissue distal to the obstruction will collapse, thus allowing the surgeon's view and access to relevant structures within the thoracic cavity.

Bronchial blockers are used to achieve lung separation and one lung ventilation as an alternative to double-lumen endotrachealtubes (DLT) and are the method of choice in children and paediatric patients for whom even the smallest DLTs might be too big.

Thoracic cavity
The thoracic cavity (or chest cavity) is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall (rib cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia). The central compartment of the thoracic cavity is the mediastinum. There are two openings of the thoracic cavity, a superior thoracic aperture known as the thoracic inlet and a lower inferior thoracic aperture known as the thoracic outlet.

The thoracic cavity includes the tendons as well as the cardiovascular system which could be damaged from injury to the back, spine or the neck.
2020–21 Egypt Cup
The 2020–21 Egypt Cup was the 89th edition of the oldest recognised football tournament in Africa. It is sponsored by Tiger Chips, and known as the Tiger Egypt Cup for sponsorship purposes. It started with the First Preliminary Round on 12 January 2021, and concluded with the final on  21 July 2022.

Egyptian Premier League side Al Ahly are the defending champions, having defeated Tala'ea El Gaish in the final.

The competition was originally scheduled to start in November 2020, but was postponed to early 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt.

Central Africa Time
Central Africa Time or CAT, is a time zone used in north central, east central and southern Africa. Central Africa Time is two hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+02:00), which is the same as the adjacent South Africa Standard Time, Egypt Standard Time, Eastern European Time, Kaliningrad Time and Central European Summer Time.

As this time zone is in the equatorial and tropical regions, there is little change in day length throughout the year and so daylight saving time is not observed.

Central Africa Time is observed by the following countries:

Botswana

Burundi

Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern provinces)

Malawi

Mozambique

Namibia

Rwanda

Sudan

South Sudan

Zambia

Zimbabwe

The following countries in Africa also use an offset of UTC+02:00 all-year round:

Eswatini (observes South African Standard Time)

Lesotho (observes South African Standard Time)

Libya (observes Eastern European Time)

South Africa (observes South African Standard Time)
Philippe Solari
Philippe Solari (2 May 1840 in Aix-en-Provence – 20 January 1906 in Aix-en-Provence) was a  provencal sculptor, of Italian descent, a contemporary and friend of Paul Cézanne and Émile Zola. He acquired French nationality in 1870.

Aix-en-Provence
Aix-en-Provence, often known as simply Aix, is a city and commune in southern France, about 30 km (20 mi) north of Marseille. A former capital of Provence, it is the subprefecture of the arrondissement of Aix-en-Provence, in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The population of Aix-en-Provence is approximately 148,000. Its inhabitants are called Aixois or, less commonly, Aquisextains.