hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saltukids
The Saltukids or Saltuqids (Modern Turkish: Saltuklu Beyliği) were a dynasty of the Seljuk Empire, founded after the Battle of Manzikert (1071) centred on Erzurum. The Saltukids ruled between 1071 and 1202. The beylik was founded by Emir Saltuk, one of the Turkmen commanders of the Great Seljuk Alp Arslan. The beylik fought frequently against the Georgian Kingdom for hegemony of the Kars region. The center of the beylik, Erzurum, was briefly re-occupied by the Byzantine Empire between 1077 and 1079, and was besieged by the Georgian King Giorgi III in 1184. It comprised the entirety of present-day Erzurum and Bayburt provinces, lands east of Erzincan, most of Kars, and lands north of Ağrı and Muş provinces during its height.

Ağrı
Ağrı (Turkish pronunciation: [ɑːɾɯ]; Armenian: Աղրըի Kurdish: Agirî
) is a city in eastern Turkey, near the border with Iran. The city and its surrounding province are predominantly inhabited by Kurds and are widely identified in the scholarly literature as part of the Kurdish-populated regions of eastern Anatolia. It is the seat of Ağrı Province and Ağrı District. Its population is 120,390 (2021). It was formerly known as Karaköse. In the early Turkish republican period and until 1946, it was officially known as Karakilise. the city is now named after Ağrı, the Turkish name of Mount Ararat.
Castle of Cola
Castle of Cola (Portuguese: Castelo de Cola) is an Iron Age residence and Islamic redoubt in the Portuguese Alentejo, classified as a National Monument. The castro is part of a larger archaeological park of Castro da Cola, that includes various Megalithic and Chalcolithic monuments, including necropolises of the Bronze and Iron Ages. The Castro-era polygonal plan, included reinforced blocks, with an entrance controlled by tower. The remaining defensive structure was circled by walls, with still exist, on the neighboring pasture-lands protecting the castle.

Megalith
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. More than 35,000 megalithic structures have been identified across Europe, ranging geographically from Sweden in the north to the Mediterranean Sea in the south.

The word was first used in 1849 by the British antiquarian Algernon Herbert in reference to Stonehenge and derives from Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas), meaning "great", and λίθος (líthos), meaning "stone". Most extant megaliths were erected between the Neolithic period (although earlier Mesolithic examples are known) through the Chalcolithic period and into the Bronze Age.
Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity
The Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity (OPAPRU), formerly Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process (OPAPP; Filipino: Tanggapan ng Pampanguluhang Tagapayo sa Prosesong Pangkapayapaan) is a government agency which handles peace talks and negotiations related to internal conflict and rebellion in the Philippines most notably the CPP-NPA-NDF and Moro conflicts.

Manuel Yan
Manuel Tecson Yan, Sr. (January 24, 1920 – December 4, 2008) was a Cabinet Secretary of the Aquino, Ramos and Estrada administrations, World War II veteran and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines from 1968 until 1972. He was said to be the last replaced official and obstacle to Ferdinand Marcos, and whose resignation made it possible for the ex-President to declare martial law in 1972. He holds the singular Philippine Government Record of continuous longest serving public Officer from April 1937 to January 2001 or a total 63 years and 9 months spanning twelve Philippine Presidents.
Hymenolepididae
The Hymenolepididae are family of cyclophyllid tapeworms. Their characteristic feature is the small number of testes (one to four).  The unilateral genital pores and large external seminal vesicle allow for easy recognition.  Most species are small, transparent, and easy to study. The family contains over 90 genera with over 900 species, having as their definitive host birds (c. 700 species) or mammals (about 250 species). Most reside in the intestines of their definitive hosts. The majority of species with known lifecycles have arthropods as intermediate hosts.

Testicle
A testicle, also called testis (pl. testes) is the male gonad in all gonochoric animals, including humans, and is homologous to the ovary, which is the female gonad.  Its primary functions are the production of sperm and the secretion of androgens, primarily testosterone.

The release of testosterone is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland. Sperm production is controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland and by testosterone produced within the gonads.
John R. Freuler
John Rudolph Freuler (November 17, 1872 – 1958) was an American businessman in the film industry who owned theaters, film exchanges, and film studios. He signed Charlie Chaplin to a lucrative contract at Mutual Film. Later in his career he owned Monarch Films studio. The Chicago History Museum has a collection of his papers.

Marriage on Approval
Marriage on Approval is a 1933 pre-Code American drama film directed by Howard Higgin and starring Barbara Kent, Don Dillaway and William Farnum. It was released in the United Kingdom by British Lion under the alternative title of Married in Haste.
SRV-300
SRV-300 is a deep-submergence rescue vehicle that is rated to dive up to 300 m (980 ft). It was built by DRASS (Livorno) for the Marina Militare, and is capable of descending to 300 metres (980 ft) carrying 12 passengers in addition to crew. SRV-300 is hosted by Anteo, berthed at La Spezia.

SRV-300 supplanted the Breda MSM-1S USEL deep-submergence rescue vehicle, in 2002 and since 2004 it has been fitted with a Simrad EM-1002 multibeam echo-sounder. Further upgrades in 2010 introduced air portability.

There is a new version under development, the SRV-650, with a maximum depth of 650 m (2 133 ft) and with a hosting capacity of 15 people.

Italian Navy
The Italian Navy (Italian: Marina Militare, lit. 'Military Navy'; abbreviated as MM) is one of the four branches of Italian Armed Forces and was formed in 1946 from what remained of the Regia Marina (Royal Navy) after World War II. The Italian Navy has a strength of approximately 29,300 active personnel, with 184 vessels and 70 aircraft in service. It is considered a multiregional and a blue-water navy.
Inner Child (Fringe)
"Inner Child"  is the 15th episode of the first season of the American science fiction drama television series Fringe, and the fifteenth  episode overall. The episode was written by co-producer Brad Caleb Kane and staff writer Julia Cho and directed by filmmaker Frederick E. O. Toye. It first aired in the United States on April 7, 2009 on the Fox Broadcasting Company.

The episode relates the intersecting stories of a subterranean feral child looked after by Olivia Dunham (Anna Torv) and the return of a serial killer from her time before joining the Fringe Division.

Feral child
A feral child (also called wild child) is a young individual who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young age, with little or no experience of human care, social behavior, or language. Such children lack the basics of primary and secondary socialization. The term is used to refer to children who have suffered severe abuse or trauma before being abandoned or running away. They are sometimes the subjects of folklore and legends, often portrayed as having been raised by animals. While there are many cases of children being found in proximity to wild animals, there are no eyewitness accounts of animals feeding human children.
Harrisburg Air National Guard Base
Harrisburg Air National Guard Base is a United States Air Force base, located at Harrisburg International Airport, (IATA: MDT, ICAO: KMDT, FAA LID: MDT)  Pennsylvania. It is located 1.7 miles (2.7 km) west-southwest of Middletown, Pennsylvania.

The Pennsylvania Air National Guard facility is sited on the location of the former Olmsted Air Force Base, which was closed in 1969.  The 193d Special Operations Wing operates Lockheed Martin MC-130J Commando Solo II aircraft.  Today the airfield is split between civilian activities, Harrisburg IAP (MDT) and military activities, which now carry the Harrisburg ANGB title. After Olmsted AFB closed in 1970 major civilian air activities moved from Capital City Airport, near Harrisburg over to the former Olmsted site.

Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Middletown is a borough in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, on the Susquehanna River, 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Harrisburg. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 9,550. It is part of the Harrisburg–Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lewistown station (Missouri)
Lewistown station, also known as Burlington Northern Railroad Station at Lewistown and Lewiston Depot, is a historic train station located at Lewistown, Lewis County, Missouri. It was built in 1871 by the Quincy, Missouri, and Pacific Railroad, and is a one-story, gable roofed, frame building with wide overhanging eaves. It measures 24 feet, 6 inches, by 50 feet, 6 inches, and is sheathed in vertical board and batten siding.  It was moved to its present location in 1977 to house a community centre.: 2–4

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as the Quincy, Missouri, and Pacific Railroad Station.

Lewis County, Missouri
Lewis County is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,032. Its county seat is Monticello. The county was organized January 2, 1833, and named for Meriwether Lewis, the explorer and Governor of the Louisiana Territory.

Lewis County is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
James Greene (MP)
James Greene (7 April 1759 – 15 February 1814) was an English politician who was Member of Parliament for Arundel in the first Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Described as being of Turton Tower in Lancashire and Llansantffraed, Monmouthshire, Greene was the son of Mordecai Greene, a Spanish merchant of Mortlake and Bathford Place.

Bathford
Bathford (pronounced with the emphasis on the second syllable) is a village and civil parish 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Bath, England. The parish, which includes Warleigh, has a population of 1,759 and extends over 1,800 acres (7.3 km2).
Lecontite
Lecontite (sodium ammonium sulfate dihydrate, with potassium substituting for some ammonium, typically about a fourth) is a sulfate mineral with the formula (NH4,K)NaSO4·2H2O.  It was found by John Lawrence LeConte in Las Piedras Cave in Honduras as a breakdown product of bat guano, including crystals up to an inch long and identified as a separate mineral by W.J. Taylor in 1858.  As of 1963 most natural specimens came from the same cave.

Lecontite can easily be synthesized by reacting ammonium sulfate with sodium sulfate in aqueous solution and crystallized.

Ammonium sulfate
Ammonium sulfate (American English and international scientific usage; ammonium sulphate in British English); (NH4)2SO4, is an inorganic salt with a number of commercial uses. The most common use is as a soil fertilizer. It contains 21% nitrogen and 24% sulfur.
Přeckov
Přeckov is a municipality and village in Třebíč District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 80 inhabitants.

Přeckov lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Třebíč, 27 km (17 mi) south-east of Jihlava, and 140 km (87 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
Herne Bay Pier
Herne Bay Pier was the third pier to be built at Herne Bay, Kent for passenger steamers. It was notable for its exceptional length of 3,787 feet (1,154 m) and made famous after appearing in the opening sequence of Ken Russell's first feature film French Dressing. Herne Bay Pier suffered extensive damage in a 1978 storm, leading to much of it being dismantled in 1980, leaving only a pier-stub at the landward end, and part of the landing stage isolated at sea. The two previous piers built on the same location included a wooden deep-sea pier designed by Thomas Rhodes, assistant of Thomas Telford, and a second shorter iron version by Wilkinson & Smith.

City of Canterbury
Canterbury (/ˈkæntərbəri/), also known as the City of Canterbury, is a local government district with city status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Canterbury, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Fordwich, Herne Bay and Whitstable, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Parts of the district lie within the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of the Kent Downs.

The neighbouring districts (clockwise from east) are Thanet, Dover, Folkestone and Hythe, Ashford and Swale, all of which are also in Kent. To the north the district has a coast onto the North Sea.
July 2019 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Tuesday, July 16, 2019, with an umbral magnitude of 0.6544. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 3.9 days after apogee (on July 20, 2019, at 20:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
World RX of Belgium
The World RX of Belgium was a Rallycross event held in Belgium for the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event made its debut in the 2014 season, at the Circuit Jules Tacheny Mettet in the town of Mettet, Wallonia. From the 2019 season, the event will beheld at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps and has been renamed the Spa World RX of Benelux.

FIA World Rallycross Championship
The FIA World Rallycross Championship (official abbreviation is World RX,to be world rallycross Cup) is a rallycross series organised and promoted by the FIA. In September 2025, just days before the final round of the 2025 season, it was announced that the championship will revert to being the European Rallycross Championship as seen prior to 2014.
Thebe Magugu
Thebetsile "Thebe" Magugu (born 1 September 1993) is a South African fashion designer. Born in Kimberley and based in Johannesburg, he rose to prominence as the winner of the 2019 LVMH Young Fashion Designer Prize, and a finalist in the 2021 International Woolmark Prize. Magugu has released eleven solo collections under his own namesake label since 2017, as well as several capsules in collaboration with international brands such as Dior, Adidas, and AZ Factory.

Palais de Tokyo
The Palais de Tokyo (Tokyo Palace) is a building dedicated to modern and contemporary art, located at 13 avenue du Président-Wilson, facing the Trocadéro, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. The eastern wing of the building belongs to the City of Paris, and hosts the Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris (Paris' Museum of Modern Art). The western wing belongs to the French state and since 2002, has hosted the Palais de Tokyo / Site de création contemporaine, the largest museum in France dedicated to temporary exhibitions of contemporary art.

The building is separated from the River Seine by the Avenue de New-York, which was formerly named Quai Debilly and later Avenue de Tokio (from 1918 to 1945). The name Palais de Tokyo derives from the name of this street. The Iéna station on Line 9 of the Paris Metro is located very close to the museum.
Elwyn Richardson
Elwyn Stuart Richardson QSO (8 July 1925 – 24 December 2012) was a New Zealand educator. He is best known for his book In the Early World a record of the development of his educational philosophy while working at a small country school in Northland, New Zealand from 1949 to 1962. On the strength of his early work, the school was granted ‘experimental status’ by Clarence Beeby, Director of Education, a special consideration that allowed him to develop his own teaching methods and curriculum largely unimpeded by school inspectors. From 1969 to 1972 Richardson worked at American universities as a visiting lecturer. Richardson is considered a significant figure in New Zealand education because of his own work and educational writings and the critical impact of his educational philosophy internationally.

Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).
Nandigram Upazila
Nandigram Upazila (Bengali: নন্দীগ্রাম উপজেলা) is an upazila of Bogra District in the Division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Nandigram Thana was established in 1932 and was converted into an upazila in 1983. It is named after its administrative center, the town of Nandigram.

Rajshahi Division
Rajshahi Division (Bengali: রাজশাহী বিভাগ) is one of the eight first-level administrative divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of 18,174.4 square kilometres (7,017.2 sq mi) and a population at the 2022 Census of 20,353,119. Rajshahi Division consists of 8 districts, 70 upazilas (the next lower administrative tier) and 1,092 unions (the lowest administrative tier).

The region has historically been dominated by various feudal Rajas, Maharajas and Zamindars. Formerly comprising 16 districts, a new division (Rangpur Division) was formed with the 8 northern districts of the old Rajshahi Division from early 2010.
Rhabdocline laricis
Rhabdocline laricis, also known as Meria laricis, is a hyphomycete fungus in the family Cenangiaceae.  In larch conifer trees (Larix), it causes the plant disease larch needle cast, also known as meria needle blight.  It is generally harmless in older trees.  However, it causes browning of needles, which can slow growth, weaken overall resistance to opportunistic pathogens, and can sometimes outright kill seedlings, making Rhabdocline laricis a threat in tree nurseries.

The fungus is sometimes confused with the similar Hypodermella laricis, which causes larch needle blight.  Both fungi can infest the same larch for a more virulent effect.

Hyphomycetes
Hyphomycetes are a form classification of fungi, part of what has often been referred to as fungi imperfecti, Deuteromycota, or anamorphic fungi. Hyphomycetes lack closed fruit bodies, and are often referred to as moulds (or molds). Most hyphomycetes are now mainly assigned to the Ascomycota, on the basis of genetic connections made by life-cycle studies or by phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences; somemany remain unassigned phylogenetically. There are also some basidiomycete species, with aquatic presence noted in certain Corticiaceae and Urediniomycetes.

Although no longer considered a phylogenetically defined taxon, the prevalence of hyphomycete forms in nature, the built environment, and laboratories means that identification of members this group remains of practical importance.
Pittsburgh Force
The Pittsburgh Force is an inactive women's American football team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  Home games were last played at William V. Campbell Athletic Field in nearby Munhall.

In the early planning stages, the Force was originally planning to play in the National Women's Football Association, but after the NWFA folded, they decided to join the upstart Women's Football Alliance.

National Women's Football Association
The National Women's Football Association (NWFA) was a full-contact American football league for women headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. The league was founded by Catherine Masters in 2000, as the two benchmark teams, the Alabama Renegades and the Nashville Dream played each other six times in exhibition games. The opening season was in 2001 featuring ten teams. The NWFA did not officially field any teams for the 2009 season.

The NWFA was originally called the National Women's Football League, but changed its name after the 2002 season. The name change came after pressure from the National Football League. The NFL also required the league to change the logos of some teams whose logos resembled those of NFL teams.

League founder Catherine Masters was inducted into the American Football Association's Semi Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2006.
Thattekere
Tattekere is a village in Kanakapura taluk in Ramanagara district, 40 km away from Bangalore. It has a population of 1293 in 2011. The village derives its name from a lake there which is a picnic spot, "tatte" means plate and "kere" means lake in native Kannada language.

A Mahadeshwara temple is there in the village on west side of the Tattekere lake, situated in elephant corridor of Bannerghatta National Park and it is a birdwatching place. Another tourist attraction Muthyalamaduvu is nearby.

Bannerghatta National Park
Bannerghatta National Park  is a national park in India, located In Bengaluru and Ramanagara District, Karnataka. It was founded in 1970 and declared as a national park in 1974. In 2002, a small portion of the park became a zoological garden, the Bannerghatta Biological Park.

There are ancient temples in the park for worship and it is a destination for trekking and hiking. Within the national park area are six rural villages enclosed within three large enclosures for sheep and cattle farming. This park offers a wide range of diverse wildlife to the explorers. Coming from the finest of Bengaluru, Karnataka, this park offers a guided bus tour all along the 6 km safari roads, which is specially made for safaris and foreign tourist gatherers.

Between 1995 and 2021, the dry deciduous forests in the National Park shrank by approximately 44% due to uncontrolled diversion of forest land for agricultural purpose, urbanisation, etc.