hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Healthy Meadows
Healthy Meadows, based in Red Lodge, Montana near Yellowstone National Park, is a company co-owned by Ivan Thrane and Chia Chen-Speidel that organizes natural weed control through conservation grazing, a technique using animals that is more environmentally friendly than spraying pesticides. The Montana Bureau of Land Management is a client.

Thrane and Chen-Speidel's flock number over 250 goats as of July 2013. On a typical day, the herd covers four to seven miles with an average customer's land takes between one and three days to clear.

Companies using goats to control and eradicate leafy spurge, knapweed, and other toxic weeds have sprouted across the American West. Montana's ranching industry spends about $100 million a year to control and rid itself of toxic weeds. Clearing dry brush has also proven to be valuable to reducing fire hazards.

Conservation grazing
Conservation grazing or targeted grazing is the use of semi-feral or domesticated grazing livestock to maintain and increase the biodiversity of natural or semi-natural grasslands, heathlands, wood pasture, wetlands and many other habitats. Conservation grazing is generally less intensive than practices such as prescribed burning, but still needs to be managed to ensure that overgrazing does not occur. The practice has proven to be beneficial in moderation in restoring and maintaining grassland and heathland ecosystems. Conservation or monitored grazing has been implemented into regenerative agriculture programs to restore soil and overall ecosystem health of current working landscapes. The optimal level of grazing and grazing animal will depend on the goal of conservation. Different levels of grazing, alongside other conservation practices, can be used to induce desired results.
Thomas Drakes
Thomas Edwin Drakes (7 March 1908 – 10 May 1974) was an English first-class cricketer.

Born at Bardney in Lincolnshire, Drakes made his debut in minor counties cricket for Lincolnshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1926 Minor Counties Championship. He played minor counties cricket for Lincolnshire until 1933, making 42 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He studied at St Catharine's College, Cambridge. While at Cambridge he played first-class cricket for Cambridge University in 1929, making his debut against Essex at Fenner's. He made eight appearances in first-class matches during 1929, scoring 140 runs with a high score of 39 not out, while with his right-arm fast-medium he took 20 wickets at an average of 32.40, with best figures of 5 for 70. These figures were his only first-class five wicket haul and came on debut against Essex.

He later assisted the Army Cadet Force as a second lieutenant in the 1950s. He died at Hainault in May 1974.

Hainault, London
Hainault (/ˈheɪnɔːt/, /-ɒlt/) is a large suburban area of East London, England, in the London Borough of Redbridge, 12.5 miles (20.1 km) northeast of Charing Cross. Most of the housing in Hainault was built by the London County Council between 1947 and 1953. Originally spanning the parishes of Chigwell, Dagenham, and Ilford, in 1965 the estate was combined in a single London borough and became part of Greater London.

It is adjacent to the Metropolitan Green Belt, bordered on the east by Hainault Forest Country Park and to the north by open land and the boundary with the Epping Forest District of Essex. The area is served by London Underground's Central Line.
Josep Margarit
Josep de Margarit i de Biure (1602, Castelló d'Empúries–1685, Perpignan) was a leader of the forces of the Generalitat in the Reapers' War.

He led the attack on Constantí, and took part in the Siege of Lleida and the Battle of Montmeló.

In 1641, Louis XIII made him Governor of Catalonia.

In later life, Louis XIV made him Lord of Thuir.

Siege of Lleida (1644)
Siege of Lleida took place between May – 30 July 1644 during the Reapers' War when a Spanish force under Felipe da Silva besieged and attacked the Franco-Catalan garrison of Lleida—after intense fighting the city finally surrendered on 30 July. Located between Aragon and Catalonia, once captured, the city's citadel served to support the Spanish troops' offensive eastwards towards Barcelona.

Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt, who failed to lift the Spanish siege was replaced by Henri de Lorraine, count of Harcourt. The Spanish took Balaguer in September and Agramunt in October. After the conquest of Roses, the frontline stabilized for a few years, until the Spanish Siege of Barcelona (1651).

Once the terms of surrender had been signed, King Philip IV, who had been on the scene since the early days of the siege, having the reviewed the troops stationed there on May 2, marched through the city on August 8.
Dancing on a Dime
Dancing on a Dime is a 1940 Paramount Pictures film directed by Joseph Santley about five actors and dancers putting on a show while living in a theatre.  It is adapted from a novel of the same name written by Dorothy Young, which itself is based loosely on her own life.   It starred Robert Paige, Peter Lind Hayes, Eddie Quillan, Frank Jenks, and Grace McDonald.  It is known for its song, I Hear Music.

Joseph Santley
Joseph Mansfield Santley (born Joseph Ishmael Mansfield; January 10, 1890 – August 8, 1971) was an American actor, singer, dancer, writer, director, and producer of musical theatrical plays motion pictures and television shows. He adopted the stage name of his stepfather, actor Eugene Santley.
TQ-11
The TQ-11 (Chinese: 天鹊-11; pinyin: Tiānquè-11, lit. Sky Lark 11) is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen developed by LandSpace. It was used as the second stage vernier engine for LandSpace's ZQ-2 rocket. The engine produces 80 kilonewtons (18,000 lbf) of thrust in a vacuum.

Pound (force)
The pound of force or pound-force (symbol: lbf, sometimes lbf,) is a unit of force used in some systems of measurement, including English Engineering units and the foot–pound–second system.

Pound-force should not be confused with pound-mass (lb), often simply called "pound", which is a unit of mass; nor should these be confused with foot-pound (ft⋅lbf), a unit of energy, or pound-foot (lbf⋅ft), a unit of torque.
Brinkley High School
Brinkley High School (BHS) is a comprehensive public junior/senior high school located in Brinkley, Arkansas, United States. For the 2010–11 school year, BHS serves more than 300 students in grades 7 through 12 and is supported by more than 34 educators on a full time equivalent basis. Brinkley High serves portions of Monroe County and Woodruff County and draws students from Brinkley, McCrory, Cotton Plant, Wheatley, Fargo, Moro and Monroe. It is the sole high school of the Brinkley School District.

Monroe, Arkansas
Monroe is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Monroe County, Arkansas, United States. The unincorporated community extends beyond the CDP slightly into Lee County. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 51.

Monroe is located at the junction of U.S. Route 79 and Arkansas Highway 39, 12 miles (19 km) east-northeast of Clarendon. Monroe has a post office with ZIP code 72108.
Gilles Apap
Gilles Apap (born 21 May 1963) is a French classical violinist. Born in Béjaïa, Algeria, he was raised in Nice, France. In 1985 he won first prize in the contemporary music category at the Yehudi Menuhin Competition. He served as concertmaster with the Santa Barbara Symphony Orchestra for 10 years, but has since focused on his career as a soloist with orchestras around the world.

A virtuosic violinist, Gilles is also known for his interpretations of traditional music from Eastern Europe to America, such as gypsy, Irish, swing or bluegrass.

He recorded three CDs in the 1990s with Sony Classical Records, then formed his own company, Apapaziz Productions. Since 1999, Apapaziz has recorded eight Gilles Apap CDs.

Santa Barbara Symphony Orchestra
The Santa Barbara Symphony is a professional symphony orchestra and register 501(c)3 nonprofit organization based in Santa Barbara, California.

The orchestra was founded in 1953. Music directors have included Erno Daniel (1960–1967), who also taught piano at the University of California, Santa Barbara, Ronald Ondrejka (1967–1979), who taught conducting at UCSB, Frank Collura (1979–1984), Varujan Kojian (1985–93), Gisele Ben-Dor (1994–2005), and Nir Kabaretti (2006–present).

In the 1990s the orchestra began releasing recordings, including CDs of works by Silvestre Revueltas, Astor Piazzolla, Luis Bacalov and Heitor Villa-Lobos.

Typically the orchestra performs a series of about seven concerts during a season, plus additional concerts, for example, a Pops music and stage performance on New Year's Eve.

In 2008, the Santa Barbara Symphony moved from its long-time venue at the Arlington Theatre to the newly renovated Granada Theatre.
Royal School of Military Engineering
The Royal School of Military Engineering (RSME) Group provides a wide range of training for the British Army and Defence.  This includes; Combat Engineers, Carpenters, Chartered Engineers, Musicians, Band Masters, Sniffer Dogs, Veterinary Technicians, Ammunition Experts, Bomb Disposal Operators, and Counter Chemical Warfare experts, as well as Command and Leadership.

Military education and training
Military education and training is a process which intends to establish and improve the capabilities of military personnel in their respective roles. Military training may be voluntary or compulsory duty. It begins with recruit training, proceeds to education and training specific to military roles, and sometimes includes additional training during a military career. Directing staff are the military personnel who comprise the instructional staff at a military training institution.

In some countries, military education and training are parts of the compulsory education. The organizers believe that military education can bring some benefits and experiences that cannot be obtained from normal class like setback education. Moreover, participants are able to learn survival skills during the military education, like co-operations and resilience, which help participants improve the capabilities of military personnel in their respective roles.
Marco Squarta
Marco Squarta (born 1979) is an Italian politician of Brothers of Italy who was elected member of the European Parliament in 2024. He previously served as president of the Legislative Assembly of Umbria.

Legislative Assembly of Umbria
The Legislative Assembly of Umbria (Italian: Assemblea Legislativa dell'Umbria) is the legislative assembly of the Umbria region of Italy.

It was first elected in 1970, when the ordinary regions were instituted, on the basis of the Constitution of Italy of 1948.
Louis, Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon
Louis de Bourbon (1473 – 1520) styled as the Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon was born in 1473. He was the son of John II, Count of Vendôme and Isabel de Beauveau. He married his cousin, Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, eldest daughter of Gilbert of Bourbon, Count of Montpensier and Clara Gonzaga, on 21 March 1504, by whom he had three children. He died in 1520.

La Roche-sur-Yon
La Roche-sur-Yon (pronounced [la ʁɔʃ syʁ jɔ̃]) is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. It is the capital of the department. The demonym for its inhabitants is Yonnais.

Known for its historical significance and cultural heritage, La Roche-sur-Yon also houses a wide range of educational institutions, from primary schools to higher education establishments.
Mínguez
Mínguez is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carlos Martínez Mínguez (born 1973), Spanish politician

Concepción Blanco Mínguez (1907–1994), Spanish archaeologist

Elvira Mínguez (born 1965), Spanish actress

Leopoldo Alas Mínguez (1962–2008), Spanish writer, poet, and editor

Miguel Mínguez (born 1988), Spanish cyclist

Carlos Martínez Mínguez
Carlos Martínez Mínguez (born 28 June 1973) is a politician of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). He was elected to the city council in Soria in 1999 and has served as mayor since 2007. He was a member of the Cortes of Castile and León from 2003 to 2007. In 2025, he was elected secretary general of the Socialist Party of Castile and León.
Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland
The periods of Restoration and Regeneration in Swiss history lasted from 1814 to 1847. "Restoration" is the period of 1814 to 1830, the restoration of the Ancien Régime (federalism), reverting the changes imposed by Napoleon Bonaparte on the centralist Helvetic Republic from 1798 and the partial reversion to the old system with the Act of Mediation of 1803. "Regeneration" is the period of 1830 to 1848, when in the wake of the July Revolution the "restored" Ancien Régime was countered by the liberal movement. In the Protestant cantons, the rural population enforced liberal cantonal constitutions, partly in armed marches on the cities. This resulted in a conservative backlash in the Catholic cantons in the 1830s, raising the conflict to the point of civil war by 1847.

Aargau
Aargau (/ˈɑːrɡaʊ/ AR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɡaʊ] ⓘ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau; Romansh: Chantun Argovia; French: Canton d'Argovie; Italian: Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau.

Aargau is one of the most northerly cantons of Switzerland, by the lower course of the Aare River, which is why it is called Aar-gau ("Aare province"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.
Drimys
Drimys is a genus of seven species of woody evergreen flowering plants, in the family Winteraceae. The species are native to the Neotropics, ranging from southern Mexico to the southern tip of South America. They are primitive dicots, associated with the humid temperate Antarctic flora of the Southern Hemisphere, which evolved millions of years ago on the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana. Members of the family generally have aromatic bark and leaves, and some are used to extract essential oils.

John Miers (botanist)
John Miers, FRS FLS (25 August 1789 – 17 October 1879. Kensington), was a British botanist and engineer, best known for his work on the flora of Chile and Argentina. He was awarded a knight grand cross of the Order of the Rose.
Trouble with Sex
Trouble with Sex is a 2005 Irish drama film set in Dublin and co-written by Catriona McGowan and Fintan Connolly (directed by Connolly). It stars Aidan Gillen and Renée Weldon, who won an Irish Film and Television Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her performance.

Irish Film & Television Academy
The Irish Film & Television Academy (IFTA; Irish: Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann) is an all-Ireland organisation focused on film and television. It has about 1000 members, and is based in Dublin, with branches in London and Los Angeles. The IFTA now holds separate ceremonies for the IFTA Film & Drama Awards and IFTA Gala Television Awards; Before 2015, they were one ceremony, known as the Irish Film & Television Awards. IFTA also holds the John Ford Ireland Symposium each June and over 30 networking and learning events throughout the year.

IFTA also established John Ford Ireland in 2011, in association with the estate of American director John Ford and the Department of Culture, Heritage, and the Gaeltacht.
2014 Men's EuroHockey Indoor Championship
The 2014 Men's EuroHockey Indoor Championship was the seventeenth edition of the Men's EuroHockey Indoor Championship, the biennial international men's indoor hockey championship of Europe, organised by the European Hockey Federation. It took place from 17 to 19 January 2014 in Vienna, Austria.

Defending champions, Germany, won their 14th title by defeating Austria 4–3 on penalties, after the final finished 5–5. Russia won the bronze medal by defeating Poland 4–3.

Penalty shootout
The penalty shootout is a method of determining a winner in sports matches that would have otherwise been drawn or tied. The rules for penalty shootouts vary between sports and even different competitions; however, the usual form is similar to penalty shots in that a single player takes one shot on goal from a specified spot, the only defender being the goalkeeper. If the result is still tied, the shootout usually continues on a "goal-for-goal" basis, with the teams taking shots alternately, and the one that scores a goal unmatched by the other team is declared the winner. This may continue until every player has taken a shot, after which players may take extra shots, until the tie is broken, and is also known as "sudden death".
Iglesia de La Merced, Antigua Guatemala
The Church and Convent of La Merced is a Catholic church located in the city of Antigua Guatemala in Guatemala. The architect Juan de Dios Estrada was in charge of its construction from 1749. The church was dedicated in 1767.

Peter Nolasco
Peter Nolasco, O. de M. (Pere Nolasc in Catalan, Pierre Nolasque in French and Pedro Nolasco in Spanish; 1189 – 6 May 1256) was a Catholic nobleman known for founding the Royal and Military Order of Our Lady of Mercy of the Redemption of the Captives (the Mercedarians) with approval by Pope Gregory IX  on 17 January 1235.

Though there is debate about whether Nolasco was born in France or Spain, it is clear that he was in Barcelona when he was a teenager and became part of an army fighting the Moors in the Iberian Peninsula and was appointed tutor to the young king, James I of Aragon.
Jennifer Schwarz
Jennifer "Jen" Marie Schwarz is an American physicist whose research applies ideas from condensed matter physics including percolation theory, jamming, dislocation avalanches, and rigidity transitions to biological structures and quantum systems. She  is a professor of physics at Syracuse University.

Percolation theory
In statistical physics and mathematics, percolation theory describes the behavior of a network when nodes or links are added. This is a geometric type of phase transition, since at a critical fraction of addition the network of small, disconnected clusters merge into significantly larger connected, so-called spanning clusters. The applications of percolation theory to materials science and in many other disciplines are discussed here and in the articles Network theory and Percolation (cognitive psychology).
Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)
The Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017) was a military operation against rebel-held villages in the Barada River valley by the Syrian Army and allied forces, including pro-government militias and Lebanese Hezbollah between December 2016 and January 2017. The Barada River valley includes the village of Ain al-Fijah which holds a water spring that provides drinking water to towns throughout the Rif Dimashq Governorate. During the offensive, a Government airstrike temporarily destroyed the spring, in what the United Nations has called a "war crime".

Ain al-Fijah
Ain al-Fijah (Arabic: عين الفيجة, also spelled Ayn al-Fijeh and Ein Al Fejeh) is a small town in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located 25 kilometers northwest of Damascus. Nearby localities include Deir Muqaran to the west, al-Zabadani to the northwest, Basimah to the southeast and Qudsaya to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 3,806 in the 2004 census. The town is also the administrative centre of—though not the largest town in—the Ain al-Fijah nahiyah ("subdistrict"), which is made up of six localities with a combined population of 19,584. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
Prabhudas Babulal Bhilawekar
Prabhudas Babulal Bhilawekar is a member of the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. He represents the Melghat Assembly Constituency. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party.

One of Bhilawekar's election promises was to personally look into issues each of the 425 villages in his constituency faced. It is reported that he had visited 70 of these villages in fulfilment of the same, in a couple of weeks since winning the election. Bhilawekar's appointment in June 2015, as member State Wildlife Board, has been criticised as a dilution of its pro-environment character.

Melghat Assembly constituency
Melghat Assembly constituency is one of the 288 constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha and one of the eight which are located in the Amravati district. It is reserved for Scheduled Tribe candidate.

It is a part of the Amravati (Lok Sabha constituency) along with five other Vidhan Sabha assembly constituencies, viz. Badnera Amravati, Teosa, Daryapur (SC), and Achalpur.

The remaining two Dhamangaon Railway and Morshi constituencies are part of Wardha (Lok Sabha constituency) in adjoining Wardha district.

As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 41 Melghat Assembly constituency is composed of the following: 
1. Dharni Tehsil, 2. Chikhaldara Tehsil. 3.Achalpur Tehsil (Part), Revenue Circle –Paratwada and Pathrot of the district.
Parqu Quta
Parqu Quta (Aymara parqu twisted, quta lake, "twisted lake", also spelled Parco Kkota) is a mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approxilamtely 4,900 m (16,100 ft). It is located in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, Palca Municipality. Parqu Quta lies at a small lake, west of Mururata.

Pedro Domingo Murillo Province
Pedro Domingo Murillo is a province in the Bolivian La Paz Department. It was created on January 8, 1838, with the name Cercado and on October 17, 1912, during the presidency of Eliodoro Villazón, its name was changed in honor of Pedro Domingo Murillo, protagonist of the revolution of June 16, 1809.

The province contains the Bolivian administrative capital, La Paz, as well as the major city of El Alto.
Gothadi
Gothadi  is a village development committee in Palpa District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4797 people living in 750 individual households.

Palpa District
Palpa District (Nepali: पाल्पा जिल्लाListenⓘ, a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district, with Tansen as its headquarters, covers an area of 1,373 km2 (530 sq mi) and has a population (2021) of  245,027.

Palpa District is not far from Pokhara and easily reached by bus.  Palpa was the seat of the Hindu Sen kingdom that ruled over this region from the 16th century for almost 300 years so the headquarter of Palpa is called "Tansen" (Nepali: तानसेन).
Colorado low
A Colorado low is a low-pressure area that forms in southeastern Colorado or northeastern New Mexico, typically in the winter. After forming, the system moves across the Great Plains. Colorado lows can produce heavy wintry precipitation, and have a general east to northeast movement, impacting regions as far north as Winnipeg and as far east as the Atlantic coast. If upper-level conditions are right, the jet stream can push the low farther south, bringing wintry precipitation as far as Texas. When pushed this far south, the system is often referred to as a "blue norther". On the more typical track, a Colorado low can be similar to an Alberta clipper. In the winter Colorado lows are responsible for a majority of the snow that the Midwest receives; however, summer systems can trigger long-lasting convective systems, including severe weather. Spring and early summer Colorado low cyclogenesis can result in significant tornado outbreaks over the Great Plains and Midwest.

Blue Norther (weather)
A Blue Norther, also known as a Texas Norther, is a fast moving cold front marked by a rapid drop in temperature, strong winds, and dark blue or "black" skies.  The cold front originates from the north, hence the "norther", and can send temperatures plummeting by 20 or 30 degrees in merely minutes.