hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John F. Gregory
John F. Gregory (1927–November 14, 2009) was an American optical engineer and a popularizer of amateur telescope making.  He is credited with the design of a version of the Maksutov telescope called the "Gregory-Maksutov telescope".

Amateur telescope making
Amateur telescope making is the activity of building telescopes as a hobby, as opposed to being a paid professional. Amateur telescope makers (sometimes called ATMs) build their instruments for personal enjoyment of a technical challenge, as a way to obtain an inexpensive or personally customized telescope, or as a research tool in the field of astronomy. Amateur telescope makers are usually a sub-group in the field of amateur astronomy.
Huhtamäki
Huhtamäki Oyj (styled Huhtamaki) is a global food packaging company, headquartered in Espoo, Finland. Its products include paper and plastic disposable tableware, such as cups, plates and containers for quick service restaurants, coffee shops, retail stores, caterers and vending operators. The company provides coated paper cups for fast food chains such as Burger King, as well as flexible packaging and labels for food and drink, pet food, pharmaceuticals, household and hygiene brands. Huhtamaki also makes egg cartons and trays, fruit trays and cup carriers.

Disposable cup
A disposable cup is a type of tableware and disposable food packaging. Disposable cup types include paper cups, plastic cups, and foam cups. Expanded polystyrene is used to manufacture foam cups, and polypropylene is used to manufacture plastic cups.

As they are produced for single use, disposable cups and other similar disposable products constitute a major source of consumer and household waste, such as paper waste and plastic waste. It has been estimated that the average household discards around 70 disposable cups every year.

108 billion cups are consumed in the US per year, and the UK uses an estimated 2.5 billion paper cups every year.
Urceolaria
Urceolaria is a genus of fungi in the Pezizales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. The genus was described by the German mycologist Hermann Friedrich Bonorden in 1851. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the genus contains about 100 species.

Hermann Friedrich Bonorden
Hermann Friedrich Bonorden (28 August 1801 – 19 May 1884) was a German physician and mycologist. During his career,  he served as a Regimentarzt (regimental medical doctor) in Köln.

In 1866, Stephan Schulzer von Müggenburg named the fungi genus Bonordenia in his honor. The genus Bonordeniella was named after him by Albert Julius Otto Penzig and Pier Andrea Saccardo in 1901. Bonorden was the author of numerous mycological taxa; the following are some of the genera that he circumscribed:

Fusicolla (1851).

Hormomyces (1851).

Cornicularia (1851), syn. Clavulinopsis.

Polythecium (1861), syn. Fusicoccum.

Byssitheca (1864), syn. Rosellinia.
Kinpai (race)
The Kinpai (in Japanese: 金盃), is a Japanese thoroughbred horse race for four-year-olds open only to horses from South Kanto at Ohi Racecourse, in Shinagawa, Tokyo. It is graded as a South Kanto Grade II. It is run over a distance of 2600 meters (about 13 furlongs) in February.

Ohi Racecourse
Ohi Racecourse (大井競馬場, Ōi Keiba-jō), also known as Tokyo City Keiba (TCK), is located in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan. Built in 1950 for horse racing, on weekends it also hosts one of the largest Tokyo-area flea markets.

The racecourse is located near Ōi Keibajō Mae Station on the Tokyo Monorail.

In August 1995, a friendly exchange agreement was signed with Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California.  The Tokyo City Cup held annually at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia honors the partnership between the American racetrack and Ohi Racecourse. In recognition of their relationship, TCK holds "Santa Anita Week" each summer which features the one mile G3 "Santa Anita Trophy".
Hardy Rawls
Hardy Rawls is a character actor.  In 2003, Adweek and Ad Age described Rawls's best-known role as that of the father on Nickelodeon's The Adventures of Pete & Pete.  For Maytag's 2004 marketing campaign, Rawls became the third actor to portray Ol' Lonely, replacing the retiring Gordon Jump; Rawls was, in turn, replaced by Richmond, Virginia real estate broker Clay Jackson on April 2, 2007.  Rawls also performed in NBC's 1987 television film Bates Motel.

Real estate agent
Real estate agents and real estate brokers are people who represent sellers or buyers of real estate or real property. While a broker may work independently, an agent usually works under a licensed broker to represent clients. Brokers and agents are licensed by the state to negotiate sales agreements and manage the documentation required for closing real estate transactions.
Wawel Hill (Antarctica)
Wawel Hill is a hill rising to 290 m north of Point Hennequin, on the east side of Admiralty Bay, King George Island. Named "Góra Wawel" in 1980 by the Polish Antarctic Expedition after a hill by this name in Kraków, historic site of the castle of the Polish kings.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Wawel Hill (Antarctica)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

62°7′S 58°24′W﻿ / ﻿62.117°S 58.400°W﻿ / -62.117; -58.400

Point Hennequin
Point Hennequin is a point forming the eastern side of the entrance to Martel Inlet and Mackellar Inlet, on the east side of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. It was named by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who surveyed Admiralty Bay in 1909.
Ken Williamson
Kenneth Williamson (7 August 1928 – 9 May 2000) was an English amateur footballer who played as an inside forward in the Football League for Darlington and in non-league football for Bishop Auckland and Crook Town.

He was on the losing side for Bishop Auckland in the 1951 FA Amateur Cup Final, and on the winning side for Crook Town in 1954, albeit playing only in the drawn match at Wembley Stadium, during which he sustained an ankle injury that kept him out of the two replays.

Williamson was an all-round sportsman. As a cricketer, he played as a right-hand batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler in the Minor Counties Championship for Durham between 1951 and 1960, and also represented the county at rugby and squash, a sport he went on to coach at Teesside Polytechnic.

Teesside University
Teesside University is a public university with its main campus in Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire in North East England. It was officially opened as Constantine Technical College in 1930, before becoming a polytechnic in 1969, and finally granted university status in 1992 by the Privy Council.

The university has over 22,500 students studying in the UK, according to the 2021/22 HESA student record.
Rooh
Rooh (English: Soul) is an Indian one hour horror supernatural thriller television series which was broadcast on Zee TV from 6 November 2004 to 6 August 2005. It used to air every Saturday at 8 P.M.

Each story has a different cast and crew. Shivam Nair, Anand Rai, Imtiaz Alam, Saurabh Sengupta, Sajit Warrier, Mohit Hussein, Mukul Abhyankar  are some of the directors who contributed to the series. Producers include Ronnie Screwvala, Zarina Mehta, Deven Khote, Gautam Mazumdar, Devkumar Dutta, Aditya Singh, Sunjoy Waddhwa and many more.

Zee TV
ZEE TV, also known as Z TV, is an Indian Hindi language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. It was launched on 1 October 1992 as the oldest privately owned television channel in India. It now broadcasts worldwide.
Lyon Nunataks
The Lyon Nunataks (74°50′S 73°50′W﻿ / ﻿74.833°S 73.833°W﻿ / -74.833; -73.833﻿ (Lyon Nunataks)) are a group of nunataks lying west of the Grossman Nunataks and 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) northwest of the Behrendt Mountains, in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica. 
They include Grossenbacher Nunatak, Holtet Nunatak, Christoph Nunatak and Isakson Nunatak.

Nunatak
A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks. Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons.

The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s.
Saepuloh Maulana
Saepuloh Maulana (born 22 December 1988) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Kalteng Putra. He previously plays for Mitra Kukar and He appeared for Semen Padang in the 2013 AFC Cup.

Semen Padang F.C.
Semen Padang Football Club is an Indonesian professional football club based in Indarung, Padang, West Sumatra. Founded on 30 November 1980, they currently compete in the Super League since 2024–25 season, following promotion.

It made its debut by participating in Galatama First Division in 1980. In 1982, Semen Padang succeeded in winning the First Division and at the same time was promoted to the Galatama Premier Division.
Turner v. Driver
Turner v. Driver, No. 16-10312 (5th Cir. 2017), is a 2017 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit that affirmed the First Amendment right to record the police. One of the officers involved was criminally indicted for a similar incident around the same time.

United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (in case citations, 5th Cir.) is one of the 13 United States courts of appeals. It has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts in the following federal judicial districts:

Eastern District of Louisiana

Middle District of Louisiana

Western District of Louisiana

Northern District of Mississippi

Southern District of Mississippi

Eastern District of Texas

Northern District of Texas

Southern District of Texas

Western District of Texas

The Fifth Circuit has 17 active judgeships, and is headquartered at the John Minor Wisdom United States Court of Appeals Building in New Orleans, Louisiana, with the clerk's office located at the F. Edward Hebert Federal Building in New Orleans.

Originally, the Fifth Circuit also included the federal district courts in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. In 1981, the district courts for those states were transferred to the newly created U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Pauric Sweeney
Pauric Sweeney is a luxury handbag designer from Ireland. Sweeney was born in County Donegal in 1973.  He has won the London Fashion Week New Generation Award for two consecutive seasons and is noted for his clean and minimalistic lines.

London Fashion Week
London Fashion Week (LFW) is a clothing trade show that takes place in London, England, twice a year, in June and September. Showcasing more than 250 designers to a global audience of influential media and retailers, it is one of the "Big Four" fashion weeks, along with New York, Milan, and Paris.
American Silver Eagle mintage figures
The American Silver Eagle is a United States bullion coin that has been minted since 1986. Each coin is .999 fine silver. Circulating coins have been minted at the Philadelphia Mint, San Francisco Mint, and West Point Mint, though do not bear a mint mark. Proof and uncirculated coins do have mint marks. The reverse design was changed in 2021.

San Francisco Mint
The San Francisco Mint is a branch of the United States Mint. Opened in 1854 to serve the gold mines of the California gold rush, in twenty years its operations exceeded the capacity of the first building. It moved into a new one in 1874, now known as the Old San Francisco Mint. In 1937 Mint operations moved into a third building, the current one, completed that year.
Ontario Highway 534
Secondary Highway 534, commonly referred to as Highway 534, is a provincially maintained secondary highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The route begins at the entrance to Restoule Provincial Park and ends near Highway 11 in Powassan. The route provides access to several communities which lay south of Lake Nipissing. Between those communities, the highway travels mostly through thick boreal forest. It was assumed in 1956, following its present course and remaining unchanged since. It is a lightly travelled route accommodating, on an average day, no more than 830 vehicles.

Powassan
Powassan (/pəˈwɑːsən/) is a municipality in the Canadian province of Ontario, located near North Bay.

The municipality includes the population centres of Powassan and Trout Creek, both along Highway 11.
Oki Doki Doc
Oki Doki Doc (also known as Oki Doki Dok) was a Philippine sitcom was broadcast by ABS-CBN. It aired on the network's Saturday afternoon line up from October 23, 1993 to December 2, 2000, replacing Mana-Mana and was replaced by Arriba, Arriba!.

This series is currently rerun on Jeepney TV Every Saturday at 5:15 p.m.

Charlene Gonzales
Charlene Mae Gonzales Bonnin-Muhlach (Tagalog: [ʃaɾˈlin gɔnˈsalɛs ˈmulak]; born May 1, 1974) is a Filipino actress, media personality and beauty pageant titleholder. Gonzales won the Binibining Pilipinas Universe 1994 title and represented her country at the Miss Universe 1994 pageant held in Manila, where she won the Best National Costume award and was one of the Top 6 finalists.

She is also a talk show host and a commercial model.
Science studies
Science studies  is an interdisciplinary research area that seeks to situate scientific expertise in broad social, historical, and philosophical contexts. It uses various methods to analyze the production, representation and reception of scientific knowledge and its epistemic and semiotic role.

Similarly to cultural studies, science studies are defined by the subject of their research and encompass a large range of different theoretical and methodological perspectives and practices. The interdisciplinary approach may include and borrow methods from the humanities, natural and formal sciences, from scientometrics to ethnomethodology or cognitive science.

Science studies have a certain importance for evaluation and science policy. Overlapping with the field of science, technology and society, practitioners study the relationship between science and technology, and the interaction of expert and lay knowledge in the public realm.

Volcanology
Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena (volcanism).   The term volcanology is derived from the Latin word vulcan.  Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of fire.

A volcanologist is a geologist who studies the eruptive activity and formation of volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, especially active ones, to observe volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of enquiry is the prediction of eruptions; there is currently no accurate way to do this, but predicting or forecasting eruptions, like predicting earthquakes, could save many lives.
Iha Castle
Iha Castle (伊波城, Iha jō; Okinawan: Ifa Gushiku) is a Ryukyuan gusuku in Uruma, Okinawa. It sits on a cliff that separates Iha from Ishikawa, with a grand view of the Ishikawa Isthmus. The castle is in ruins, with nothing left of the original structures save the walls. There are also multiple Ryukyuan shrines in the bailey. Based on artifacts found in and around the castle, it has been estimated to have been in use around the 13th to 15th centuries. The Okinawa Prefectural government erected a stone Torii in front of one of the castle gates, along with a plaque describing it.

View of the bailey from a battlement.

Bailey of Iha Castle.

A battlement of Iha Castle.

Bailey (castle)
A bailey or ward in a fortification is a leveled courtyard, typically enclosed by a curtain wall. In particular, a medieval type of European castle is known as a motte-and-bailey. Castles and fortifications may have more than one bailey, and the enclosure wall building material may have been at first in wood, and later transitioned to stone. Their layout depends both on the local topography and the level of fortification technology employed, ranging from simple enclosures to elaborate concentric defences. In addition to the gradual evolution of more complex fortification plans, there are also significant differences in regional traditions of military architecture regarding subdivisions into baileys.
Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Helene Luise Elisabeth; 24 January 1814 – 17 May 1858) was a French Crown Princess after her marriage in 1837 to the eldest son of Louis Philippe I. She is known as the mother of the future Count of Paris and Duke of Chartres.

Her descendants include present-day pretenders to the throne of France, Romania and Italy, and the kings of Spain and Belgium.

Philippe of Belgium
Philippe or Filip (born 15 April 1960) is King of the Belgians.

Philippe is the eldest child of King Albert II and Queen Paola. He succeeded his father upon the former's abdication for health reasons on 21 July 2013. He married Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz in 1999, with whom he has four children. Their eldest child, Princess Elisabeth, is first in the line of succession.
Tuna (Polynesian mythology)
In Polynesian mythology, Tuna is a god of eels. In Hawaiian mythology he fights with Māui, who is having an affair with his wife Hina. Māui kills him, cuts off his head, and plants it near his home. A green shoot emerges from the spot where the head was buried, and grows into the first coconut palm. In the mythology of Mangaia Tuna is the lover of Hine, and asks that his head be cut off and planted in order to stop a flood. A coconut shoot grows from the head. A variant of the story is told in the Samoan myth of Sina and the Eel.

Hawaiian religion
Hawaiian religion refers to the Indigenous religious beliefs and practices of Native Hawaiians, also known as the kapu system. Hawaiian religion is based largely on the tapu religion common in Polynesia and likely originated among the Tahitians and other Pacific islanders who landed in Hawaiʻi between 500 and 1300 AD. It is polytheistic and animistic, with a belief in many deities and spirits, including the belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as other animals, the waves, and the sky. It was only during the reign of Kamehameha I that a ruler from Hawaii island attempted to impose a singular "Hawaiian" religion on all the Hawaiian islands that was not Christianity.

Today, Hawaiian religious practices are protected by the American Indian Religious Freedom Act. Traditional Hawaiian religion is unrelated to the modern New Age practice known as "Huna".
Love in the Night
Love in the Night (French: Vivre la nuit, Italian: La ragazza della notte) is a 1968 French-Italian drama film directed by Marcel Camus and starring Jacques Perrin, Catherine Jourdan and Georges Géret.

Marcel Camus
Marcel Camus (21 April 1912 – 13 January 1982) was a French film director. He is best known for Orfeu Negro (Black Orpheus), which won the Palme d'Or at the 1959 Cannes Film Festival and the 1960 Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film.
2 Champions of Shaolin
2 Champions of Shaolin (Chinese: 少林與武當; alternatively titled Two Champions Of Death and Shaolin Vs Wu-Tang) is a 1980 Shaw Brothers film directed by Chang Cheh. Starring the Venom Mob, it continues the then-popular theme of feuds between Shaolin and the Wu-Tang Clan.

Chiang Sheng
Chiang Sheng (Chinese: 江生; born Chiu Kang Sang 趙岡生; November 21, 1954 - 24 April 1990) was a Taiwanese martial arts actor, director, and action director. Chiang rose to prominence in the late 1970s as a member of the Venom Mob, a group of actors at Shaw Brothers Studio renowned for their acrobatic and martial arts skills.
Southern citril
The southern citril (Crithagra hyposticta) also known as Serinus hyposticus is a species of finch in the Fringillidae family.  It is endemic to the eastern Afromontane.

The southern citril was formerly placed in the genus Serinus but phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the southern citril were moved to the resurrected genus Crithagra.

Afromontane
The Afromontane regions are subregions of the Afrotropical realm, one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms, covering the plant and animal species found in the mountains of Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The Afromontane regions of Africa are discontinuous, separated from each other by lower-lying areas, and are sometimes referred to as the Afromontane archipelago, as their distribution is analogous to a series of sky islands.
Oh! Pleasant Hope
Oh! Pleasant Hope is the sixth album by American rock group Blue Cheer, and their final album until 1984's The Beast Is Back. It features less psychedelia and hard rock and includes more folk rock elements. This is an unusual Blue Cheer album in that Dickie Peterson only sings lead on three songs. Another unusual aspect is that the song "I'm the Light" features extensive use of the sitar and synthesizer, although on the previous album The Original Human Being the song "Babaji (Twilight Raga)" also featured extensive use of the aforementioned instruments.

Sitar
The sitar (English:  /ˈsɪtɑːr/ or /sɪˈtɑːr/; IAST: sitāra) is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music. The instrument was invented in the 18th century, and arrived at its present form in 19th-century India. Khusrau Khan, an 18th-century figure of the Mughal Empire, has been identified by modern scholarship as the inventor of the sitar. According to most historians, he developed the sitar from the setar, an Iranian instrument of Abbasid or Safavid origin.

Used widely throughout the Indian subcontinent, the sitar became popularly known in the wider world through the works of Ravi Shankar, beginning in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The advent of psychedelic culture during the mid-to-late 1960s set a trend for the use of the sitar in Western popular music, with the instrument appearing on tracks by bands such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Metallica and many others.
Mação (parish)
Mação is a former parish in the municipality of Mação, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 2,228, in an area of 67.27 km2. In 2013, the parish merged with Penhascoso and Aboboreira to form the new parish Mação, Penhascoso e Aboboreira.

Mação
Mação (European Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐˈsɐ̃w] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Santarém District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 7,338, in an area of 399.98 km².

The present Mayor is Vasco António Mendonça Sequeira Estrela, elected by the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is Easter Monday.
Doreen Reid Nakamarra
Doreen Reid Nakamarra (c.1955 – 20 October 2009) was an Australian Aboriginal artist and painter. Reid was considered an important artist within the Western Desert cultural bloc. She was a leading painter at the Papunya Tula artist cooperative in Central Australia.

Art Gallery of New South Wales
The Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW), founded as the New South Wales Academy of Art in 1872 and known as the National Art Gallery of New South Wales between 1883 and 1958, is located in The Domain, Sydney, Australia. It is the most important public gallery in Sydney and one of the largest in Australia.

The gallery's first public exhibition opened in 1874. Admission is free to the general exhibition space, which displays Australian art (including Indigenous Australian art), European and Asian art. A dedicated Asian Gallery was opened in 2003.