hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship
The Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship (IRIS) was founded at Brown University by Andries van Dam, William S. Shipp, and Norman Meyrowitz in 1983 and closed in 1991. It was initially part of a campus-wide effort at Brown to develop a "scholar's workstation."

The Intermedia advanced hypertext authoring system was the most significant project developed at IRIS.

IRIS partnered with the Getty Art History Information Program to conduct a study of the research methods of art historians in the mid 1980s.  The results of this study can be found in Bakewell, E.; Beeman, W; Reese, C and Schmitt, M., (Gen. Ed.). (1988). Object, image, inquiry: The art historian at work. Santa Monica: CA: Getty Art History Information Program.

The records are archived.

Hypertext
Hypertext is text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with references (hyperlinks) to other text that the reader can immediately access. Hypertext documents are interconnected by hyperlinks, which are typically activated by a mouse click, keypress set, or screen touch. Apart from text, the term "hypertext" is also used to describe tables, images, and other presentational materials with integrated hyperlinks. Hypertext is one of the key underlying concepts of the World Wide Web, where Web pages are often written in the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). As implemented on the Web, hypertext enables the easy-to-use publication of information over the Internet.
Frej (surname)
Frej is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Issawi Frej (born 1963), Israeli Arab politician

Ladislav Frej (born 1941), Czech actor

Robin Frej (born 1998), Swedish footballer

Saber Ben Frej (born 1979), Tunisian footballer

Issawi Frej
Issawi Frej (Arabic: عيساوي فريج, Hebrew: עִיסָאוּוִי פְרֵיג'; born 14 December 1963) is an Arab-Israeli politician who served as a minister and was a member of the Knesset for Meretz in 2021 and was also an MK for the party between 2013 and 2019. As of June 2023, he was the Minister of Regional Cooperation. He is the second Muslim minister in Israeli history, after Raleb Majadle.
Silas Miller
Silas Miller is an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he has served as the representative for the 25th district in the Kansas Senate since 2025. He previously represented the 86th district in the Kansas House of Representatives from 2023 to 2025. In December 2025, he was appointed to the Kansas Senate.

Kansas House of Representatives
The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Kansas House of Representatives does not have term limits. The legislative session convenes at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka annually.
Yuliya Bliznets
Yuliya Bliznets (Belarusian: Юлія Блізнец; born 5 November 1994) is a Belarusian athlete. She competed in the women's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Bliznets is a three-time Belarusian Athletics Championships winner, and she is the Belarusian record holder in the mixed 4 x 400 metres relay.

Mixed 4 × 400 metres relay
The mixed 4 × 400 metres relay is a mixed-sex 4 × 400 metres relay in which teams field two men and two women. Initially, teams were free to arrange participants in any order.  This created scenarios where mixed genders run on the same leg.  This was changed in March 2022, where team members run in the order: man-woman-man-woman. It was introduced at the 2017 IAAF World Relays and was then held at the 2019 World Athletics Championships in Qatar.
Mount Gayley
Mount Gayley is a 13,510-foot-elevation (4,120-meter) mountain summit located one mile east of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in Inyo County, California, United States. It is situated in the Palisades area of the John Muir Wilderness, on land managed by Inyo National Forest. It is approximately 13 miles (21 km) west-southwest of the community of Big Pine, 0.67 miles (1.08 km) southwest of Temple Crag, and 0.5 miles (0.80 km) north-northeast of parent Mount Sill. Mount Gayley ranks as the 59th highest summit in California.

Big Pine, California
Big Pine (formerly Bigpine) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Inyo County, California, United States. Big Pine is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) south-southeast of Bishop. Its population was 1,875 at the 2020 census, up from 1,756 at the 2010 census. The Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation bases their tribal headquarters there.
Order of the Spanish Republic
The Order of the Spanish Republic (Spanish: "Orden de la República Española") was founded in 1932 in the Second Spanish Republic for civil and military merit to the state. It replaced the orders of merit of the former Spanish Monarchy and had the mural crown instead of the royal one.

The order had the usual five degrees. There was a special collar for heads of state and two medals were attached to this order of merit. The ribbon was red with a white border.

After the military defeat of the Spanish Republic, Gen. Francisco Franco abolished all Republican Orders and instituted new ones.

Mural crown
A mural crown (Latin: corona muralis) is a crown or headpiece representing city walls, towers, or fortresses. In classical antiquity, it was an emblem of tutelary deities who watched over a city, and among the Romans a military decoration. Later the mural crown developed into a symbol of European heraldry, mostly for cities and towns, and in the 19th and 20th centuries was used in some republican heraldry.
Northwestern League
The Northwestern League was a sports league that operated in the Central United States during the early years of professional baseball for six seasons: 1879, 1883–1884, 1886–1887, and 1891. After the 1887 season, the league was replaced by the Western Association, although the Northwestern League returned for its final season in 1891 as an independent baseball league.

The Northwestern League of 1883–1884 is considered the first baseball "minor league", as it was party to the National Agreement of 1883, along with the National League and American Association, whereby the leagues agreed to honor each other's suspensions, expulsions, and player reserve clauses, and established territorial rights.

An unrelated Northwestern League, located in the Pacific Northwest, later formed in 1905.

American Association (1882–1891)
The American Association of Base Ball Clubs (AA) was a professional baseball league that existed for 10 seasons from 1882 to 1891. Together with the National League (NL), founded in 1876, the AA participated in an early version of the World Series seven times versus the champion of the NL in an interleague championship playoff tournament. At the end of its run, several AA franchises joined the NL. After 1891, the NL existed alone, with each season's champions being awarded the Temple Cup (1894–1897).

During its existence, the AA was often simply referred to as "the Association" in the media, in contrast to the NL, which was sometimes called "the League". It was also sometimes called the "Beer and Whiskey League".
Cuyama River
The Cuyama River (Chumash: Kuyam, meaning "Clam") is a 118-mile-long (190 km) river in southern San Luis Obispo County, northern Santa Barbara County, and northern Ventura County, in the U.S. state of California. It joins the Sisquoc River forming the Santa Maria River. The river's name comes from an Indian village named for the Chumash word kuyam, meaning "clam" or "freshwater mollusk".

Santa Barbara County, California
Santa Barbara County, officially the County of Santa Barbara (Spanish: Condado de Santa Bárbara), is a county located in Southern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 448,229. The county seat is Santa Barbara, and the largest city is Santa Maria.

Santa Barbara County comprises the Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the county is part of the California Central Coast. Mainstays of the county's economy include engineering, resource extraction (particularly petroleum extraction and diatomaceous earth mining), winemaking, agriculture, and education. The software development and tourism industries are important employers in the southern part of the county.
Tree Pull Scheme
The Tree Pull Scheme was an Australian government initiative introduced in the 1970s to address an oversupply in the Tasmanian apple market and reduce economic pressures on the apple industry. The scheme aimed to lower production by offering financial incentives for the removal of apple trees, resulting in a reduction of the total apple tree count from 7.22 million in 1973 to 5.34 million by 1977.

The scheme had a significant impact on Tasmania, then Australia's largest producer of apples, accounting for 30% of all apple production. Regions such as the Huon Valley, historically known as the "Apple Valley," were heavily affected, along with other apple-growing areas including the Derwent Valley, Tasman Peninsula, Mersey Valley, and Tamar Valley.

Mersey Valley, Tasmania
The Mersey Valley is a valley and geographic area in the northern region of Tasmania, Australia. It is named after the Mersey River, which flows through its length, providing a focal point for agriculture, tourism, and hydroelectric power generation. The valley includes the towns of Devonport, Latrobe, and Sheffield.
Pirijpur Union
Pirijpur Union is a union, the smallest administrative body of Bangladesh, located in Sonargaon Upazila, Narayanganj District, Bangladesh. The total population is 32,461. It is situated alongside Mugrapara Chowrasta and Meghna bridge. Meghna River is located on East side. It is the last union of Sonargaon Upazila. After this Union Munshiganj Gazaria and Cumilla subdistrict starts. Pirijpur Union's bus stop name is Meghna bridge toll plaza or, Meghna bridge counter.

Narayanganj District
Narayanganj District (Bengali: নারায়ণগঞ্জ জেলা, romanized: nārāẏoṇgoñjo jela) is a district in central Bangladesh which is a part of Dhaka Division. It is the smallest district in Bangladesh. It is home to the ancient city of one of the oldest industrial districts in the country. The district lies on the banks of the Shitalakshya River and the Meghna River. It is an industrial hub and plays an important part in the country's jute trade, plant processing and sector. It is nicknamed the "Dundee of Bangladesh" due to the presence of many jute mills.
Portsmouth Earthworks
The Portsmouth Earthworks are a large prehistoric mound complex constructed by the Native American Adena and Ohio Hopewell cultures of eastern North America (100 BCE to 500 CE). The site was one of the largest earthwork ceremonial centers constructed by the Hopewell and is located at the confluence of the Scioto and Ohio Rivers, in present-day Ohio.

The majority of the mound complex site is now covered by the city of Portsmouth in Scioto County, Ohio. Several individual sections of the complex have been included on the National Register of Historic Places.

Greenup County, Kentucky
Greenup County is a county located along the Ohio River in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,962. The county was founded in 1803 and named in honor of Christopher Greenup. Its county seat is Greenup.
Greenup County is part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
2022 San Benedetto Tennis Cup – Doubles
Ivan and Matej Sabanov were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Matteo Arnaldi and Francesco Passaro.

Vladyslav Manafov and Oleg Prihodko won the title after defeating Fábián Marozsán and Lukáš Rosol 4–6, 6–3, [12–10] in the final.

Matteo Arnaldi
Matteo Arnaldi (born 22 February 2001) is an Italian  professional tennis player. He has a career high  ATP singles ranking of world No. 30, achieved on 12 August 2024, and a doubles ranking of No. 286, achieved on 8 August 2022. He is currently the No. 7 Italian. Representing Italy, he was part of the victorious Italian team at the 2023 Davis Cup, and won the gold medal at the 2022 Mediterranean Games in men's doubles.
Sea foam
Sea foam, ocean foam, beach foam, or spume is a type of foam created by the agitation of seawater, particularly when it contains higher concentrations of dissolved organic matter (including proteins, lignins, and lipids) derived from sources such as the offshore breakdown of algal blooms. These compounds can act as surfactants or foaming agents. As the seawater is churned by breaking waves in the surf zone adjacent to the shore, the surfactants under these turbulent conditions trap air, forming persistent bubbles that stick to each other through surface tension.

Sea foam is a global phenomenon, and it varies depending on location and the potential influence of the surrounding marine, freshwater, and/or terrestrial environments. Due to its low density and persistence, foam can be blown by strong on-shore winds inland, towards the beach. Human activities, such as production, transport or spillage of petroleum products or detergents, can also contribute to the formation of sea foam.

Detergent
A detergent is a product for cleaning that contains surfactants plus other components. Detergents comprise surfactants as main functional components to remove hydrophobic grease or dirt by dispersing them in water. They often further comprise water (to facilitate application), builders (to soften water), enzymes (for breaking down proteins, fats, or starches), and dyes or fragrances (to improve the user's sensory experience).

Common surfactants used in detergents are alkylbenzene sulfonates, which are soap-like compounds that are more soluble than soap in hard water, because the polar sulfonate is less likely than the polar carboxylate of soap to bind to calcium and other ions found in hard water.
Roque Ceruti
Roque Ceruti (Milan c. 1683 or 1686 – Lima, 1760) was an Italian composer in Peru. He was recruited as conductor of the Viceroy of Peru's private orchestra, and was a dominant italianizing influence during the period, though this was resented by some of the more traditional Spanish musicians.

He served as maestro de capilla (chapel or choir master) of Trujillo Cathedral from 1721 to 1728, and then maestro at Lima Cathedral until his death. A fair amount of his works survives at the Archivo Arzobispal (Episcopal Archive) of Lima, at the collection that once belonged to the Cathedral of La Plata (i.e. modern Sucre, Bolivia) which is now housed at the Archivo y Biblioteca Nacionales de Bolivia, and at the Seminary of San Antonio Abad in Cusco and at La Paz.

Metropolitan Cathedral of Lima
The Cathedral Basilica of Lima, commonly known as the Metropolitan Cathedral of Lima, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Lima, Peru. It is the seat of the Archdiocese of Lima. Its construction began in 1535 by Francisco Pizarro and was completed in 1797, having been built in its present form between 1602 and 1797. Its patron saint is Saint John, Apostle and Evangelist, to whom it is dedicated.

Located on the eastern limit of the Plaza Mayor, at the second block of the Jirón Carabaya, and is part of the Historic Centre of Lima. The Archbishop's Palace and Iglesia del Sagrario are located beside the cathedral. It is the oldest and largest church in Peru.
Criminal (comics)
Criminal is an American creator-owned comic book series written by Ed Brubaker and illustrated by Sean Phillips. It was originally published by Marvel Comics' Icon imprint and later by Image Comics. The series is a meditation on the clichés of the crime genre while remaining realistic and believable.

Eisner Awards
The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards, are awards for creative achievement in American comic books. They are regarded as the most prestigious and significant awards in the comic industry and often referred to as the industry's equivalent of the Academy Awards.

The first Eisners were conferred in 1988, for works published in 1987. The Eisner Awards ceremony has been held at San Diego Comic-Con every year since 1991. The awards are named in honor of pioneering cartoonist and writer Will Eisner, who was a regular participant in the ceremony until his death in 2005.

The nominations in each category are generated by a five- to six-member jury, then voted on by comic book professionals. The jury often consists of at least one comics retailer, one librarian (since 2005), and one academic researcher, among other comic experts. As of 2021, awards are presented in 32 categories.
Em Dia com a Rebeldia
Em Dia com a Rebeldia (Portuguese for "Up to Date with the Rebelliousness") is the second and final solo studio album by Brazilian singer Ciro Pessoa, released in 2010 by independent label Rosa Celeste, which was founded by former Titãs member Arnaldo Antunes. Co-produced by Roy Cicala, who previously worked with bands and artists such as John Lennon, Aerosmith, Bruce Springsteen and The Jimi Hendrix Experience, it is more experimental and psychedelic than Pessoa's previous album, drawing influences from Pink Floyd, Os Mutantes and Secos & Molhados, and featuring imagery evoking the paintings of Salvador Dalí and René Magritte. A music video, directed by Pessoa and Carlito Moreira, was made for the track "Despejar".

The album is available for free download on Ciro Pessoa's official SoundCloud page. In 2019, the album was re-issued digitally in all streaming media platforms by Curumim Records, noticeably lacking the track "Planos".

Secos & Molhados
Secos & Molhados (English: Dry Ones & Wet Ones) was a Brazilian band formed in 1971 and best known for their first two studio albums that helped launch singer Ney Matogrosso's career. The other two members were João Ricardo, founder and main songwriter of the group, and pt:Gérson Conrad.
Laura Ingalls Wilder House
The Laura Ingalls Wilder House is a historic house museum at 3060 Highway A in Mansfield, Missouri. Also known as Rocky Ridge Farm, it was the home of author Laura Ingalls Wilder from 1896 until her death in 1957. The author of the Little House on the Prairie series, Wilder began writing the series while living there. The house, together with the nearby Rock Cottage on the same property, represents one of the few surviving places where she resided. Shortly after her death local residents initiated legal steps to acquire the house through the incorporation of a non-profit organization to preserve her legacy. Owned by the Laura Ingalls Wilder Home Association, the house is open to the public for tours. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
1943 VFL Lightning Premiership
The 1943 VFL Lightning Premiership was an Australian rules football knockout competition played entirely on Saturday 24, July. It was played during a week's break of the Victorian Football Leagues's 1943 VFL season between rounds 11 and 12, with all games being played at Princes Park. The competition was played as a wartime charities fundraiser between the league's top four clubs. This was the third time a lightning premiership had been contested in the VFL. Approximately 11,000 people attended the three match competition. Essendon won the competition by 8 points, defeating Fitzroy in the final.

Lightning football
Lightning football is a shortened variation of Australian rules football, often played at half of the duration of a full match.

Lightning football is typically used as a means to accommodate a small tournament inside a single day or weekend, particularly at junior or amateur level; these tournaments are generally known as lightning premierships or lightning carnivals. At the top level of Australian rules football, lightning matches have most recently been staged as part of the Australian Football League pre-season competition.

Lightning football is distinct from AFLX, a different shortened variation of Australian rules football. Lightning football is not significantly different from standard Australian rules football other than the length of its games, while AFLX which is a heavily modified variant played on a smaller field with fewer players.
Schoonmaker
Schoonmaker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Augustus Schoonmaker Jr. (1828–1894), American lawyer and politician, New York State Attorney General from 1877 to 1879

Cornelius Corneliusen Schoonmaker (1745–1796), American politician

Frank Schoonmaker (1905–1976), American author and wine merchant

James Martinus Schoonmaker, (1842–1927), American railroad executive

Luke Schoonmaker (born 1998), American football player

Marius Schoonmaker (1811–1894), American politician, grandson of Cornelius

Martinus Schoonmaker (1737–1824), Dutch-American clergyman

Thelma Schoonmaker (born 1940), American film editor

James Martinus Schoonmaker
James Martinus Schoonmaker Sr.  (June 30, 1842 – October 11, 1927) was a colonel in the Union Army in the American Civil War and a vice-president of the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry at the Third Battle of Winchester on September 19, 1864.
Old Persian cuneiform
Old Persian cuneiform is a semi-alphabetic cuneiform script that was the primary script for Old Persian. Texts written in this cuneiform have been found in Iran (Persepolis, Susa, Hamadan, Kharg Island), Armenia, Romania (Gherla), Turkey (Van Fortress), and along the Suez Canal. They are mostly inscriptions from the time period of Darius I, such as the DNa inscription, as well as his son, Xerxes I. Later kings down to Artaxerxes III used more recent forms of the language classified as "pre-Middle Persian".

Kharg Island
Kharg or Khark Island (Persian: جزیره خارک) is a continental island of Iran in the Persian Gulf. The island is 25 km (16 mi) off the coast of Iran and 483 km (300 mi) northwest of the Strait of Hormuz. Its total area is 20 km2 (7.7 sq mi). Administered by the adjacent coastal Bushehr province, Khark Island provides a sea port for the export of oil and extends Iranian territorial sea claims into the Persian Gulf oil fields. Located on Khark Island is Khark, the only city in the Khark District.
Bir al-Ghanam
Bir al-Ghanam (Arabic: بئر الغنم) is a town in western Libya. It is located south of Zawiya. It was the site of several battles during the Libyan Civil War. It was occupied by anti-Gaddafi forces on 7 August, just a few weeks before they entered Tripoli.

Anti-Gaddafi forces
The Anti-Gaddafi forces, also known as the Libyan opposition or Libyan rebels, were NATO/Qatari-backed Libyan groups that opposed and militarily defeated the government of Muammar Gaddafi during the First Libyan Civil War in 2011, killing him in the process. The Anti-Gaddafi forces were represented by the National Transitional Council and their National Liberation Army, which claimed to be the "only legitimate body representing the people of Libya and the Libyan state". These opposition forces included organized and armed militia groups, participants in the Libyan Civil War, Libyan diplomats who switched their allegiance from the Gaddafi-led government, and Libyan military units that switched sides to support the protesters.