hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Han Kitab
The Han Kitab (simplified Chinese: 汉克塔布; traditional Chinese: 漢克塔布; pinyin: Hàn kètǎbù; Arabic: هان کتاب) are a collection of Chinese Islamic texts, written by Chinese Muslims, which explains Islam through Confucian terminology. Its name reflects this utilization: Han is the Chinese word for the Chinese language and kitab means book in Arabic. They were written in the early 18th century during the Qing dynasty by various Chinese Muslim authors. The Han Kitab were widely read and approved of by later Chinese Muslims such as Ma Qixi, Ma Fuxiang, and Hu Songshan.

Hu Songshan
Hu Songshan (1880–1955), a Hui, was born in 1880, in Tongxin County, Ningxia, China. His Muslim name in Arabic was Sa'd al-Din (Arabic: سعد الدين Sa'd ad-Dīn; simplified Chinese: 赛尔敦丁; traditional Chinese: 賽爾敦丁; pinyin: sài ěr dūn dīng). Although he was born Sufi and turned Wahhabi, he changed his views and turned his back on Wahhabism after a Hajj to Mecca and later became an important imam, scripturalist, and leader of the Yihewani Muslim sect in China. He was influential and played an important role in Chinese Islam in this position as he propagated reformist doctrines in Ningxia in his later life. Hu also played a role in rallying Muslims against the Japanese invasion of China.
Erdem Tsydypov
Erdem Tumenovych Tsydypov (Russian: Эрдэм Тумэнович Цыдыпов, born 30 May 1997) is a Russian archer. He won the bronze medal in the men's recurve event at the 2022 European Indoor Archery Championships held in Laško, Slovenia.

He represented Russia at the 2019 Summer Universiade held in Naples, Italy and he won the silver medal in the men's individual recurve event. He also won the gold medal in the mixed team event. In 2019, he also won the gold medal in the mixed team event at the Military World Games held in Wuhan, China, alongside Inna Stepanova.

2022 European Indoor Archery Championships
The 2022 European Indoor Archery Championships was  the 18th edition of the European Indoor Archery Championships. The event was held in Laško, Slovenia from 14 to 19 February 2022. At the European Archery Indoor Championships was debuted the barebow discipline. Events staged in each of the three disciplines in the senior and under-21 age brackets.
406 BC
Year 406 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Cossus, Ambustus, Cossus and Potitus (or, less frequently, year 348 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 406 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Callicratidas
Callicratidas (Greek: Καλλικρατίδας) was a Spartan navarch during the Peloponnesian War. He belonged to the mothax class so he was not a 
Spartiate, despite his status he had risen to prominence. In 406 BC, he was sent to the Aegean to take command of the Spartan fleet from the navarch Lysander.
Harry Milne
Harry Milne (born 29 October 1996) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a left-back or midfielder for Scottish Premiership side Heart of Midlothian. He has previously played for Cove Rangers, Culter and Partick Thistle.

Culter F.C.
Culter Junior Football Club  is a Scottish football club from the village of Peterculter, a suburb of Aberdeen. Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, they currently play in the North of Scotland Football League. The club is based at Crombie Park and their colours are red and white.

Culter made history, along with Linlithgow Rose and Pollok by becoming the first Junior football teams to enter the first round proper of the Scottish Cup for the 2007–08 competition. This was due to the SFA allowing up to four Junior teams to enter, if those teams had won one of the three Super Leagues or the Scottish Junior Cup. They have played in the Cup on six occasions, in 2007–08, 2011–12, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2023–24 and 2024–25, reaching the third round on the first three occasions.

The team have been managed since November 2018 by Lee Youngson.
Ronan Kratt
Ronan Alan Kratt (born September 2, 2003) is a professional soccer player who plays for Pacific FC in the Canadian Premier League. Born in the United States, he has represented Canada at youth international level.

Ottawa South United
Ottawa South United is a Canadian semi-professional soccer team based in Manotick, Ontario, a community in the rural south part of Ottawa that plays in Ligue1 Québec. The club previously competed in League1 Ontario. The club formed a partnership with Canadian Premier League club Atlético Ottawa and as part of the partnership, their PLSQ teams will be known as OSU Atlético. The team is part of the larger Ottawa South United youth soccer club organization.
Agalarov
Agalarov (Russian: Агаларов, Azerbaijani: Ağalarov) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aras Agalarov (born 1955), Azerbaijani-born Russian businessman

Emin Agalarov (born 1979), Azerbaijani singer-songwriter

Gamid Agalarov (born 2000), Russian football player

Hasan bey Agalarov (born 1812), lieutenant general in the Russian military

Kamil Agalarov (born 1988), Russian footballer

Ruslan Agalarov (born 1974), Russian footballer and manager

Aras Agalarov
Aras Iskanderovich Agalarov (Azerbaijani: Araz İsgəndər oğlu Ağalarov; Russian: Ара́з Исканде́рович Агала́ров; born 8 November 1955) is an Azerbaijani-Russian billionaire and real estate developer. Listed in Forbes as the 51st richest Russian in 2015, several sources have described him as a Russian oligarch.
USS LST-528
USS Catahoula Parish (LST-528) was an LST-491-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for Catahoula Parish, Louisiana, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

LST-528 was laid down on 13 November 1943 at Jeffersonville, Indiana by the Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Company; launched on 11 January 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Madge Medlock Watt; and commissioned on 29 February 1944.

Jeffersonville, Indiana
Jeffersonville is a city in and the county seat of Clark County, Indiana, United States, situated along the Ohio River. Locally, the city is often referred to by the abbreviated name Jeff. It lies directly across the Ohio River to the north of Louisville, Kentucky, along I-65. The population was 49,447 at the 2020 census.

Jeffersonville began its existence as a settlement around Fort Finney after 1786 and was named after Thomas Jefferson in 1801, the year he took office.
Nasharudin Mat Isa
Nasharudin bin Mat Isa (born 19 October 1962) is a Malaysian politician and activist. He was former Member of the Parliament of Malaysia. He represented the constituency of Yan, Kedah, from 1999 to 2004, and the seat of Bachok, Kelantan, from 2008 to 2013. From 2005 to 2011 he was the Deputy President of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS).

Bachok (federal constituency)
Bachok is a federal constituency in Bachok District, Kelantan, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1959. Bachok is between Kota Bharu and Besut.

The federal constituency was created in the 1958 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Linda Shannon
Linda Shannon (born 1969) is a South African former professional squash player who played for South Africa women's national squash team. Her highest career achievement was reaching quarterfinals of the Growthpoint SA Open during the 2018-19 PSA World Tour.

In August 2024, Shannon fell at the last hurdle at the WSF World Masters Squash Championships when Karen Meakins of Barbados defended her 50+ title against Shannon.

2018–19 PSA World Tour
The 2018–19 PSA World Tour is the international squash tour organised circuit organized by the Professional Squash Association (PSA) for the 2018 squash season. It's the 4th PSA season since the merger of PSA and WSA associations in 2015.

The most important tournaments in the series are the Men's and Women's PSA World Championship. The tour also features two circuits of regular events - PSA World Tour (formerly PSA World Series), which feature the highest prize money and the best fields; and PSA Challenger Tour with prize money ranging $5,500–$30,000. In the middle of the year, the PSA World Tour tour is concluded by the Men's and Women's PSA World Tour Finals in Cairo, the season-ending championships for the top 8 rated players from World Tour level tournaments.
Taq polymerase
Taq polymerase  is a thermostable DNA polymerase I named after the thermophilic eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus, from which it was originally isolated by master's student Alice Chien et al. in 1976.  Its name is often abbreviated to Taq or Taq pol. It is frequently used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a method for greatly amplifying the quantity of short segments of DNA.

T. aquaticus is a bacterium that lives in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, and Taq polymerase was identified  as an enzyme able to withstand the protein-denaturing conditions (high temperature) required during PCR. Therefore, it replaced the DNA polymerase from E. coli originally used in PCR.

Exonuclease
Exonucleases are enzymes that work by cleaving nucleotides one at a time from the end (exo) of a polynucleotide chain. A hydrolyzing reaction that breaks phosphodiester bonds at either the 3′ or the 5′ end occurs.  Its close relative is the endonuclease, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds in the middle (endo) of a polynucleotide chain.  Eukaryotes and prokaryotes have three types of exonucleases involved in the normal turnover of mRNA: 5′ to 3′ exonuclease (Xrn1), which is a dependent decapping protein; 3′ to 5′ exonuclease, an independent protein; and poly(A)-specific 3′ to 5′ exonuclease.

In both archaea and eukaryotes, one of the main routes of RNA degradation is performed by the multi-protein exosome complex, which consists largely of 3′ to 5′ exoribonucleases.
Kumar Roy
Kumar Roy (1926–2010) was a Bengali theatre actor, director and playwright. In 1983 he won the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award. He was associated with the group Bohurupee. In 1989 he directed the re-creation of the classic play Nabanna (1948). He was the president of the PashchimBanga Natya Akademi (West Bengal State Theatre Academy) from 2006 till his death in 2010. Kumar Roy was also professor of drama at Rabindra Bharati University, Kolkata and visiting professor at Sangeet Bhavan, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan.

Nabanna (drama)
Nabanna is a Bengali language drama written by Bijon Bhattacharya in 1944 and staged by the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) the same year under the joint direction of Sombhu Mitra and Bijon Bhattacharya, and in 1948, by Bohurupee under the direction of Sombhu Mitra. The play is about the Bengal famine of 1943. The Bengal IPTA took the play to many parts of India as a part of its festival, Voice of Bengal, and it became a major success and collected lakhs of rupees for famine relief in rural Bengal.
Jaajo Linnonmaa
Jari Arto Olavi "Jaajo" Linnonmaa (born 25 May 1978 in Helsinki) is a Finnish radio personality, actor and entrepreneur. Linnonmaa hosts the breakfast show together with Anni Hautala on Radio Suomipop. The show is one of the most popular radio shows in Finland within its timeslot and the show and Linnonmaa himself have won several accolades at the Finnish Radio Gala.

In 2014, Linnonmaa made his acting debut in a small supporting role as a paramedic in the Finnish medical drama television series Syke on Yle TV2. In the same year production started on the Finnish comedy film Luokkakokous, in which Linnonmaa has a leading role, along with Aku Hirviniemi and stand-up comedian Sami Hedberg. The film was a commercial success and the sequel, Luokkakokous 2 – Polttarit, was released in 2016.

Since 2016, Linnonmaa has presented the revival of Haluatko miljonääriksi?, the Finnish version of popular game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?.

Yle TV2
Yle TV2 (Finnish: Yle TV Kaksi; Swedish: Yle TV Två) is a Finnish television channel owned and operated by Yle. TV2 was launched in 1965 as the successor to the former television channels TES-TV (Tesvisio) and Tamvisio and broadcasts public service programming, sports, drama, children's, youth, and music programmes. With Yle TV1, it is one of the three main television channels of Yle.

An HD simulcast of Yle TV2 began broadcasting in January 2014.
Leslie Dutton
Peter Leslie Dutton FRS is a British biochemist, and Eldridge Reeves Johnson Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.  He is a 2013 recipient of the John Scott Award for his work on electron transfer, studying the organization of electrons in cells and the mechanisms by which they convert light or oxygen into energy for the cell.

Perelman School of Medicine
The Perelman School of Medicine, previously the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (Penn Med), is the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy league research university in Philadelphia. Founded in 1765, it is the oldest medical school in the United States.

As of 2024, the school has about 2,900 faculty members and nearly $1 billion in annual sponsored program awards.
Indira Point
Indira Point, the southernmost point of India's territory, is a village in the Nicobar district at Great Nicobar Island of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. It is located in the Great Nicobar tehsil.

Rondo Island, Indonesia's northernmost island in Sabang district of Aceh province of Sumatra,  lies 163 km south of Little Andaman Island, and 145 km or 80 nautical miles from Indira Point. India and Indonesia are upgrading the deep sea port Sabang under the strategic military and economic collaboration to protect the channel between Great Nicobar Island and Rondo Island (c. May 2019), which is 612 km or 330 nautical miles from Indira Point.

Nicobar district
Nicobar district is one of three districts in the Indian union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The district's administrative territory encompasses all of the Nicobar Islands, which are located in the Indian Ocean, between the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The headquarters of the district is the village of Malacca, located on the island of Car Nicobar.

The district administration is headed by a Deputy Commissioner, who in turn reports to the Lt. Governor of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

It is the fifth least populous district in the country (out of 640).
Heidi Z'graggen
Adelheid Franziska Z’graggen commonly known as Heidi Z’graggen (born 1 February 1966) is a Swiss political scientist and politician who currently serves on the Council of States (Switzerland) for The Centre (previously Christian Democratic People's Party) since 2019. She previously served on the Executive Council of Uri between 2004 and 2020. In 2018, she was briefly a candidate for Federal Council (Switzerland) to succeed Doris Leuthard.

She currently engages in strategy and business consulting through UrImpuls AG headquartered in Altdorf, Switzerland. Z’graggen is a board member of Auto AG Uri (AAGU) as well as president of Fondssuisse and Alpinfra. She previously served on the board of CKW (energy).

Doris Leuthard
Doris Leuthard (born 10 April 1963) is a Swiss politician and lawyer who served as a Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 2006 to 2018. A member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), she was elected as President of the Swiss Confederation for 2010 and 2017. Leuthard headed the Federal Department of Economic Affairs until 2010, when she became head of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications. As of 19 December 2019 she is a member of the board of the Kofi Annan Foundation and Stadler Rail.
Macabre (1958 film)
Macabre is a 1958 American horror film directed by William Castle, written by Robb White, and starring William Prince and Jim Backus. The film falls into both the horror and suspense genres. It was released in March 1958, and played in some areas on a double bill with The Black Scorpion (1957).

It involved one of Castle's first forays into using the promotional gimmicks that later made him famous. A certificate for a $1,000 life insurance policy from Lloyd's of London was given to each customer in case they should die of fright during the film.

Jim Backus
James Gilmore Backus (February 25, 1913 – July 3, 1989) was an American actor. Among his most famous roles were Thurston Howell III on the 1960s sitcom Gilligan's Island, the father of James Dean's character in Rebel Without a Cause, the voice of the near-sighted cartoon character Mr. Magoo, the rich Hubert Updike III on the radio version of The Alan Young Show, and Joan Davis's character's husband (a domestic court judge) on TV's I Married Joan. He also starred in his own show of one season, The Jim Backus Show, also known as Hot Off the Wire.

An avid golfer, Backus made the 36-hole cut at the 1964 Bing Crosby Pro-Am tournament. He was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.
Thomas Roberts (Illinois politician)
Thomas Roberts was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois Senate.

Roberts was a signatory of the First Illinois Constitutional Convention. He served as a state senator representing Johnson County and Franklin County in the 1st Illinois General Assembly.

First Illinois Constitutional Convention
The First Illinois Constitutional Convention was held in August 1818 as a precondition for Illinois statehood. The 33 delegates elected from Illinois' 15 counties met in a tavern in Kaskaskia, the territorial capital on the first Monday in August 1818. Before the month was out, they had produced the Illinois Constitution of 1818. The convention's work paved the way for statehood and governed the law of Illinois for the state's first 30 years.
St Joseph's College, Prayagraj
St. Joseph's College, abbreviated to SJC, established in 1884, is a prominent CISCE-affiliated elite school in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India, with high rankings both in the state and in India.

It is affiliated with the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations. With over 1000 students collectively enrolled within its main, annexes, and girls' wing campuses, the college is one of the largest schools of Prayagraj in terms of enrolment. The college's motto is Semper Sursum – Always Aim High.

Reverend Father Walter D'Saliva is the current principal of the college. Students of the institution are known as Josephites.

Chief Justice of India
The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India and the highest-ranking officer of the Indian judiciary. The Constitution of India grants power to the president of India to appoint the chief justice, as recommended by the outgoing chief justice in consultation with other judges of the Supreme Court.The chief justice serves until the age of 65 or if removed early by the constitutional process of impeachment. The chief justice ranks sixth in the Order of precedence in India. As head of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is responsible for the allocation of cases and other administrative functions of the Court.

Surya Kant is the incumbent and 53rd chief justice of India, and was appointed on 24th November 2025.
2015 ASB Classic – Doubles
Sharon Fichman and Maria Sanchez are the defending champions, but they lost in the first round to Shuko Aoyama and Renata Voráčová.
Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci won the title, defeating Aoyama and Voráčová in the final, 6–2, 6–1.

Sharon Fichman
Sharon Fichman (/ˈfɪtʃmən/ FITCH-mən; born December 3, 1990) is a Canadian former tennis player. She achieved career-high WTA rankings of 77 in singles (May 2014) and 21 in doubles (January 2022).

In 2005, Fichman won the gold medal in women's singles at the 2005 Maccabiah Games in Israel, at the age of 14. She was ranked No. 5 on the ITF Junior Circuit in December 2006.

Fichman was inactive from May 2016 to April 2018, but returned to tennis in doubles at the 60k event in Indian Harbour Beach, reaching the quarterfinals with Jamie Loeb. She qualified for the 2021 WTA Finals with Giuliana Olmos.
Theophil Ruderstaller
Theophil Ruderstaller (born 1906 in Ostermiething, Upper Austria; died 10 June 1946, in Fuxin, China) was a capuchin and China missionary.

In 2005, Bishop Joseph Wei from Qiqihar - since 2002 apostolic administrator of the former Capuchin mission Kiamusze (Jiamusi) - told Gaudentius Walser from the North Tyrolean Capuchin province that two coffins with the corpses of Theophil Ruderstaller (Ostermiething) and Antonin Schörcksnadel (Innsbruck) had been found while digging a fountain in the garden of a private house. On 10 July 1946 they were shot in the parsonage.

Currently, there is a beatification running for Theophil Ruderstaller.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.
Wangama
Wangama is a town and ward in Wanging'ombe District in the Njombe Region of the Tanzanian Southern Highlands. The population of the ward, according to the 2002 Tanzanian census, was 3,649.

The ward consists of two towns, or large villages: Wangama and Imalilo. Both of these have rural areas or small villages under them.

Njombe Region
Njombe Region (Mkoa wa Njombe in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions which covers a land area of 21,347 km2 (8,242 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of El Salvador. Njombe Region is bordered to the north by the Iringa Region and Mbeya Region, to the east by Morogoro Region, to the south by the Ruvuma Region and to the west by Lake Nyasa. The regional capital is the municipality of Njombe. According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 702,097.
RD-253
The RD-253 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-253, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-253, lit. 'Rocket Engine 253') and its later variants, the RD-275 and RD-275M, are liquid-propellant rocket engines developed in the Soviet Union by Energomash. The engines are used on the first stage of the Proton launch vehicle and use an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle to power the turbopumps. The engine burns a hypergolic mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel with dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) oxidizer, which are highly toxic, but storable at room temperature.

Liquid-propellant rocket
Liquid rocket fuel.

Oxidizer.

Pumps carry the fuel and oxidizer.

The combustion chamber mixes and burns the two liquids.

Combustion product gasses enter the nozzle through a throat.

Exhaust exits the rocket.

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket uses a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.) Liquids are desirable propellants because they have reasonably high density and their combustion products have high specific impulse (Isp). This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low.