hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carian language
The Carian language is an extinct language of the Luwic subgroup of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family, spoken by the Carians. The known corpus is small, and the majority comes from Egypt. Approximately 170 Carian inscriptions from Egypt are known, while only about 30 are known from Caria itself.

Caria is a region of western Anatolia between the ancient regions of Lycia and Lydia, a name possibly first mentioned in Hittite sources. Carian is closely related to Lycian and Milyan (Lycian B), and both are closely related to, though not direct descendants of, Luwian. Whether the correspondences between Luwian, Carian, and Lycian are due to direct descent (i.e. a language family as represented by a tree-model), or are due to the effects of a sprachbund, is disputed.

Sprachbund
A sprachbund (/ˈsprɑːkbʊnd/ ⓘ SPRAHK-buund, from German: Sprachbund [ˈʃpʁaːxbʊnt] ⓘ, lit. 'language federation'; pl. sprachbünde or sprachbunds), also known as a linguistic area, area of linguistic convergence, or diffusion area, is a group of languages that share areal features resulting from geographical proximity and language contact. The languages may be genetically unrelated, or only distantly related, but the sprachbund characteristics might give a false appearance of relatedness.

A grouping of languages that share features can only be defined as a sprachbund if the features are shared for some reason other than the genetic history of the languages. Without knowledge of the history of a regional group of similar languages, it may be difficult to determine whether sharing indicates a language family or a sprachbund.
Brad Palazzo
Marcus Brad Palazzo (born June 29, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker and punter. He played college football for the Tulane Green Wave. He was originally signed as an undrafted free agent by the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL).

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Scandinavian flick
The Scandinavian flick is a technique used predominantly in ice racing and rallying. The technique induces oversteer using weight transfer to carry a vehicle through a turn while simultaneously reducing speed.

Ice racing
Ice racing is a form of racing that uses cars, motorcycles, snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, or other motorized vehicles. Ice racing takes place on frozen lakes or rivers, or on groomed frozen lots. As cold weather is a requirement for natural ice, it is usually found at higher latitudes in Canada, the northern United States, and in northern Europe, although limited indoor events are held in warmer climates, typically on ice hockey rinks (motorcycles and ATVs only).  Tracks in North America vary from 1/4 mile to several mile-long (~400 m to several kilometer-long) circuits.
Holofcener
Holofcener is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Lawrence Holofcener (1926–2017), American-British sculptor, poet, lyricist, playwright, novelist, actor, and director

Nicole Holofcener (born 1960), American director and screenwriter, daughter of Lawrence

Nicole Holofcener
Nicole Holofcener (/ˈhɒləfsɛnər/ HALL-əf-senn-ər; born March 22, 1960) is an American film and television director and screenwriter. She has directed seven feature films, including Walking and Talking, Friends with Money and Enough Said, as well as various television series.  Along with Jeff Whitty, Holofcener received a 2019 Academy Award nomination for Adapted Screenplay, a BAFTA nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay, and won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the film Can You Ever Forgive Me? (2018).
1Bz-LSD
1Bz-LSD, also known as 1-benzoyl-LSD or as SYN-L-018, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is thought to be a prodrug of LSD. The drug was patented by Lizard Labs in 2024. Subsequently, it was encountered online as a novel designer drug in July 2024. 1Bz-LSD has been sold in the form of blotter tabs and microdots containing 10 μg and 200 μg doses per unit. 1Bz-LSD is not an explicitly controlled substance in the United States or in Canada.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Diospyros eriantha
Diospyros eriantha is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. It grows up to 7 metres (20 ft) tall. The fruits are ellipsoid, black, up to 1 cm (0.4 in) long. The specific epithet eriantha is from the Greek meaning 'woolly flowers'. D. eriantha is found in and around southern China, Indochina, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Taiwan and the Philippines.

Floral tube is long and large.

Stamens and pistils are short.

New buds shape.

New buds are developing into new branches and leaves.

Phyllotaxis.

Stem branches early.

Branchlets are thin and long.

Unidentified object on leaf.

Ebenaceae
The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs. It is distributed across the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world. It is most diverse in the rainforests of Malesia, India, Thailand, tropical Africa and tropical America.

Many species are valued for their wood, particularly ebony, for fruit, and as ornamental plants.
2016 Reading Borough Council election
The 2016 Reading Borough Council election took place on 5 May 2016 to elect members of Reading Borough Council in England. The election for Police and Crime Commissioner was held on the same day. The Labour Party increased their borough-wide vote by over 7% and held on to marginal seats in Church, Kentwood and Caversham, the latter receiving the highest number of votes recorded for any candidate at this election .

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Reading Borough Council
Reading Borough Council is the local authority for Reading in the county of Berkshire, England. Reading has had a council since at least 1542, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1998, the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012. It is based at the Civic Offices on Bridge Street in the town centre.
Domitille Collardey
Domitille Collardey (born 1981) is a French cartoonist and comic book designer. She is best known for founding the Chicou-Chicou comics collective with Aude Picault.
She lives in Paris and Brooklyn, New York, USA.

She is a former member of the cartoon studio Pizza Island, where she worked alongside cartoonists including Kate Beaton, Lisa Hanawalt, and Meredith Gran.

Octopus Pie
Octopus Pie is a webcomic written and drawn by Meredith Gran, and coloured by Valerie Halla and Sloane Leong. It focuses on the misadventures of two 20-something women living in Brooklyn, New York. It was updated every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. 1026 strips were published. The comic has been featured in an article in the New York Daily News.

Octopus Pie ended on June 5, 2017, with an epilogue, Octopus Pie: The Other Side running from March 1 to April 7, 2021. Another follow-up, Octopus Pie Eternal was published on November 23, 2022.
Museums of Metz
The Museum of Metz (Musée de la Cour d'Or - Metz Métropole), in Metz, France, was founded in 1839. It is a labyrinthine organization of rooms, incorporating the ancient Petites Carmes Abbey, the Chèvremont granary, and the Trinitaires church. The institution is organized into four broad sections:

The history and archeological museum, containing rich collections of Gallo-Roman finds — extension works to the museums in the 1930s revealed the vestiges of Gallo-Roman baths;

The medieval department;

The museum of architecture;

The museum of fine arts.

The museum recreates the world of the ancient and medieval city's inhabitants.

Altar of the oriental god Mithra.

Jupiter Column of Merten

Emile Friant autoportrait

Gallo-Roman Stele of a stonemason

Man with a mouth harp

Mithra
Mithra (Avestan: 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 Miθra; Old Persian: 𐎷𐎰𐎼 Miθraʰ‍) is an ancient Iranian deity (yazata) of covenants, light, oaths, justice, the Sun, contracts, and friendship. In addition to being the divinity of contracts, Mithra is also a judicial figure, an all-seeing protector of Truth (Asha), and the guardian of cattle, the harvest, and the Waters.

The Romans attributed their Mithraic mysteries to Zoroastrian Persian sources relating to Mithra. Since the early 1970s, the dominant scholarship has noted dissimilarities between the Persian and Roman traditions, making it, at most, the result of Roman perceptions of Zoroastrian ideas.
Kesavadasapuram
Kesavadasapuram  is a major junction in Thiruvananthapuram city, Kerala, India. It is the meeting point of National Highway 66 and MC Road (State Highway 1).  While coming from the city centre, at the junction, the MC road goes to the right towards Kottayam and NH 66 goes to the left, towards Kollam. The place is named after Raja Kesavadas, the Diwan of erstwhile Travancore kingdom. It is also a major commercial and educational hub with many adjacent institutions like Mahathma Gandhi College, Mar Ivanios College, Mar Baselios Engineering College, Mar Gregorios Law College, Sarvodaya Vidyalaya, St. Mary's School etc.

St. Mary's Higher Secondary School, Thiruvananthapuram
St. Mary's Higher Secondary School is a primary and secondary school in Thiruvananthapuram, India. It is founded in 1940 by Archbishop Geevarghese Mar Ivanios. It is considered one of the largest schools in Asia, with the total number of students exceeding 14,000.

The school has a museum and art gallery containing student artwork, cultural artifacts, and historical exhibits. These spaces are open during school functions and commemorative events.
Battle of St. Louis
The Battle of St. Louis, also known as the Attack on St. Louis and the Battle of Fort San Carlos, was fought on May 26, 1780, between British-allied Indians and defenders of the Franco-Spanish village of St. Louis, Louisiana (present-day U.S. state of Missouri) during the American Revolutionary War. The garrison, a motley assortment of regulars and militiamen led by Upper Louisiana's lieutenant governor, Captain Fernando de Leyba, suffered a small number of casualties.

De Leyba fortified St. Louis as best as he could and successfully withstood the attack. On the opposite bank of the Mississippi River, a simultaneous attack on the nearby American village of Cahokia was also repulsed. The retreating  British-allied Indians destroyed crops and took captive inhabitants outside the protected area. The British failed to defend their side of the river and, effectively ending any attempts to gain control of the Mississippi River during the Revolutionary War.

Alliance
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called allies. Alliances form in many settings, including political alliances, military alliances, and business alliances.
Ciscero Warren
Ciscero Thomas Warren (October 20, 1919 – June 25, 2009) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1940s.

A native of Baltimore, Maryland, Warren served in the US Army during World War II. He made his Negro leagues debut in 1946 with the Homestead Grays, and played for the Grays again the following season. Warren died in Mountainside, New Jersey in 2009 at age 89.

Homestead Grays
The Homestead Grays (also known as Washington Grays or Washington Homestead Grays) were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues in the United States.

The team was formed in 1912 by Cumberland Posey, and remained in continuous operation for 38 seasons. The team was originally based in Homestead, Pennsylvania, adjacent to Pittsburgh.  By the 1920s, with increasing popularity in the Pittsburgh region, the team retained the name "Homestead" but crossed the Monongahela River to play all home games in Pittsburgh, at the Pittsburgh Pirates' home Forbes Field and the Pittsburgh Crawfords' home Greenlee Field.

From 1940 until 1942, the Grays played half of their home games in Washington, D.C., while remaining in Pittsburgh for all other home stands. As attendance at their games in the nation's capital grew, by 1943, the Grays were playing more than two-thirds of their home games in Washington.
Healthcare in Dorset
Healthcare in Dorset has been the responsibility of one integrated care board (ICB) since July 2022. This replaced the former Dorset clinical commissioning group (CCG).

The NHS Dorset Integrated Care Board, covers the areas governed by the unitary authorities of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset.

Dorset County Council
Dorset County Council was the county council of Dorset in England. It was created in 1889 and abolished in 2019. Throughout its existence, the council was based in Dorchester.

Bournemouth and Poole were made independent from the county council in 1997 when their councils became unitary authorities. On the abolition of the county council in 2019, the borough of Christchurch was merged with Bournemouth and Poole to become Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole, and the rest of the county was placed under a new unitary authority called Dorset Council.
Ulanda
Ulanda is an Ward in the Iringa Rural District of the Iringa Region of Tanzania, East Africa. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 9,686 people in the ward, from 9,257 in 2012.: 89 : 105

The 200 bed Tosamaganga Hospital is located in Ulanda ward. It is operated by a faith based organisation.

Subdivisions of Tanzania
The administrative divisions of Tanzania are controlled by Part I, Article 2.2 of the Constitution of Tanzania. Tanzania is divided into thirty-one regions (mkoa in Swahili). Each region is subdivided into districts (wilaya in Swahili). The districts are sub-divided into divisions (tarafa in Swahili) and further into local wards (kata in Swahili). Wards are further subdivided for management purposes: for urban wards into streets (mtaa in Swahili) and for rural wards into  villages (kijiji in Swahili). The villages may be further subdivided into hamlets (kitongoji in Swahili).
Jinghong
Jinghong (Chinese: 景洪; pinyin: Jǐnghóng; Tai Lü: ᦵᦋᧂ ᦣᦳᧂᧈ ᦉᦹᧈ; Burmese: ကျိုင်းဟုံ; Thai: เชียงรุ่ง, RTGS: Chiang Rung, pronounced [tɕʰīaŋ rûŋ]; Northern Thai: เจียงฮุ่ง, pronounced [tɕīaŋ hûŋ]; Lao: ຊຽງຮຸ່ງ, pronounced [síaŋ hūŋ]; also formerly romanised as Chiang Hung, Chengrung, Cheng Hung, Jeng Hung,  Jinghung, Keng Hung, Kiang Hung and Muangjinghung) is a city in and the seat of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, in the far south of China's Yunnan province, and the historic capital of the former Tai kingdom of Sipsongpanna.

Tai peoples
Tai peoples are the populations who speak (or formerly spoke) the Tai languages. There are a total of about 93 million people of Tai ancestry worldwide, with the largest ethnic groups being Dai, Thai, Isan, Lao, Shan, Ahom, Zhuang, Tày, Nùng, Táy, and some Northern Thai peoples.

The Tai are scattered through much of South China and Mainland Southeast Asia, with some (e.g. Tai Ahom, Tai Khamti, Tai Phake, Tai Aiton) inhabiting parts of Northeast India. Tai peoples are both culturally and genetically very similar and therefore primarily identified through their language.
Quasitoric manifold
In mathematics, a quasitoric manifold is a topological analogue of the nonsingular projective toric variety of algebraic geometry. A smooth -dimensional manifold is a quasitoric manifold if it admits a smooth, locally standard action of an -dimensional torus, with orbit space an -dimensional simple convex polytope.

Quasitoric manifolds were introduced in 1991 by M. Davis and T. Januszkiewicz, who called them "toric manifolds". However, the term "quasitoric manifold" was eventually adopted to avoid confusion with the class of compact smooth toric varieties, which are known to algebraic geometers as toric manifolds.

Quasitoric manifolds are studied in a variety of contexts in algebraic topology, such as complex cobordism theory, and the other oriented cohomology theories.

Convex polytope
A convex polytope is a special case of a polytope, having the additional property that it is also a convex set contained in the -dimensional Euclidean space .
Convex polytopes play an important role both in various branches of mathematics and in applied areas, most notably in linear programming.
Mr. Squiggle
Mr. Squiggle (originally also known as Mr. Squiggle and Friends) is an Australian children's television series, and the name of the title character from that ABC show. The show was presented on television in many formats, between its inception on 1 July 1959 and 1999, from five-minute slots to a one-and-a-half-hour variety show featuring other performers, and has had several name changes, originally airing as Mr. Squiggle and Friends. At its height, the program was one of the most popular children's programs in Australia and toured theatre and conventions, entertaining several generations who grew with the program. It became one of the longest-running children's programs on Australian television, despite originally having only been asked to fill a six week gap on the ABC's schedule.

National Film and Sound Archive
The National Film and Sound Archive of Australia (NFSA), based in Canberra and known as ScreenSound Australia from 1999 to 2004, is Australia's audiovisual archive, responsible for developing, preserving, maintaining, promoting, and providing access to a national collection of film, television, sound, radio, video games, new media, and related documents and artefacts. The collection ranges from works created in the late nineteenth century when the recorded sound and film industries were in their infancy, to those made in the present day.

The NFSA collection first started as the National Historical Film and Speaking Record Library (within the then Commonwealth National Library) in 1935, becoming an independent cultural organisation in 1984. On 3 October, Prime Minister Bob Hawke officially opened the NFSA's headquarters in Canberra.
Richard T. Morgan
Richard Timothy Morgan (July 12, 1952 – October 10, 2018) was a Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives representing the state's thirty-first and later fifty-second districts, including constituents in Moore County, for eight terms.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
Alborov
Alborov (masculine, Russian: Алборов) or Alborova (feminine, Russian: Алборова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Alborov (born 1989), Russian footballer

Igor Alborov (born 1982), Uzbekistani boxer

Mirza Alborov (born 1987), Russian footballer

Ruslan Alborov (born 1983), Russian footballer

Igor Alborov
Igor Alborov (Игорь Алборов; born November 30, 1982) is a boxer from Uzbekistan, who participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics for his native Asian country. There he was stopped in the round of sixteen of the Heavyweight (91 kg) division by Egypt's eventual bronze medal winner Mohamed Elsayed.

Alborov qualified for the 2004 Athens Games by ending up in first place at the 1st AIBA Asian 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Guangzhou, China. In the decisive final match he defeated Kazakhstan's Pavel Storozhuk.
Dragon Peak
Dragon Peak is a 2,880 metres (9,450 ft) mountain summit located in the Athabasca River valley of Jasper National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Situated southeast of Mount Christie and Brussels Peak, Dragon Peak can be seen from the Icefields Parkway. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1979 by D. Waterman. Dragon Peak was named in 1921 by Arthur O. Wheeler on account of a dragon-shaped rock formation. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1935 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

Arthur Oliver Wheeler
Arthur Oliver Wheeler (May 1, 1860 – May 20, 1945) was born in Ireland and immigrated to Canada in 1876 at the age of 16. He became a land surveyor and surveyed large areas of western Canada, including photo-topographical surveys of the Selkirk Mountains and the British Columbia-Alberta boundary along the continental divide through the Canadian Rockies. In 1906, he and journalist Elizabeth Parker were the principal founders of the Alpine Club of Canada (ACC). He was its first president, from 1906 to 1910, and editor of the Canadian Alpine Journal from 1907 to 1930. He remained Honorary President of the ACC from 1926 until his death in 1945. The Arthur O. Wheeler hut of the ACC is named after him.
Longfellow Stakes
The Longfellow Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run each year in early June at Monmouth Park Racetrack in Oceanport, New Jersey.  A six furlong sprint for either gender aged three and up, the ungraded Longfellow offers a purse of $70,000 and a trophy.

The race, inaugurated in 1952, began as an eight furlong event.  From 1963 to 1967 it went off at 8+1⁄2 furlongs.  In 1968 it stretched out to nine furlongs and remained at that distance until 1996.  In 1997, it became a six furlong race.

The Longfellow is named for the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Longfellow, one of America's great racehorses as well as one of the great stallions of the 19th century.

Oceanport, New Jersey
Oceanport is a borough situated in the Jersey Shore region, within Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, specifically Central Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 6,150, an increase of 318 (+5.5%) from the 2010 census count of 5,832, which in turn reflected an increase of 25 (+0.4%) from the 5,807 counted in the 2000 census.

Oceanport was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 6, 1920, from portions of Eatontown Township (now Eatontown), based on the results of a referendum held on May 11, 1920.

New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Oceanport as its 4th best place to live in its 2008 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey.