hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilhelm Orthmann
Wilhelm Orthmann (1 May 1901 – 6 July 1945) was a German physicist. He was director of the physico-technical department of the Industrial College of Berlin. During World War II, he was also employed by the Reich Aviation Ministry.

Walther Nernst
Walther Hermann Nernst ForMemRS (German pronunciation: [ˈvaltɐ ˈnɛʁnst] ⓘ; 25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German  physical chemist known for his work in thermodynamics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid-state physics. His formulation of the Nernst heat theorem helped pave the way for the third law of thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is also known for developing the Nernst equation in 1887.

He studied physics and mathematics at the universities of Zürich, Berlin, Graz and Würzburg, where he received his doctorate 1887. In 1889, he finished his habilitation at University of Leipzig.
2021 national electoral calendar
This national electoral calendar for 2021 lists the national/federal elections held in 2021 in all sovereign states and their dependent territories. By-elections are excluded, though national referendums are included.

2021 Swiss referendums
Federal referendums were held in Switzerland on 7 March, 13 June, 26 September, and 28 November 2021. Swiss referendums take three forms: popular initiatives, which are citizen proposals to create a new law and require 100,000 valid signatures on a petition to get on the ballot; facultative or optional referendums, which are citizen proposals to approve or reject a piece of existing law and require 50,000 valid signatures on a petition to get on the ballot; and mandatory referendums, which are required to revise the constitution, join an international organisation or introduce emergency federal legislation for over a year.
Swimming at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly event at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 13 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre.

There were 17 competitors from 12 countries who took part in this event. Three heats were held. The heat in which a swimmer competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the swimmers with the top eight times from the entire field qualified for the finals.

Japan finished one-two in this event, Takeshi Matsuda and Ryusuke Sakata won the gold and silver medal respectively. Chen Yin from China won the bronze medal, defending champion Wu Peng only finished fourth.

Takeshi Matsuda
Takeshi Matsuda (松田 丈志, Matsuda Takeshi; born June 23, 1984) is a retired Japanese Olympic, Asian and National Record holding swimmer. He swam for Japan at the 2004, 2008 Olympics, 2012 Olympics, and 2016 Olympics, winning four medals. At the 2008 Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the men's 200 m butterfly in an Asian Record of 1:52.97; in doing so, he also set the Japanese Record in the event. On November 12, 2011, Matsuda set a new Japanese record (1:49.50) at the FINA World Cup for the short course 200 m butterfly. In doing so, he became just the third swimmer in history to break the 1:50 barrier for the event.
Doug Crusan
Douglas Gordon Crusan Jr. (born July 26, 1946)  is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle for seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Miami Dolphins. He played in Super Bowls VI, VII, and VIII. Crusan Jr was the starting offensive tackle for the 1972 Super Bowl Champion Miami Dolphins, the only NFL team to finish a season with a perfect record (17–0).

Crusan was also the team captain for the 1967 Indiana Hoosiers football team and played defensive tackle in the 1968 Rose Bowl against Southern California and O. J. Simpson. Crusan was a first-round selection in the 1968 NFL/AFL draft, picked by the Dolphins and has been involved in the private sector as a senior business manager since retiring from the NFL, and has been actively involved in the NFLPA for 38 years.

1968 Rose Bowl
The 1968 Rose Bowl was  the 54th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Monday, January 1. The USC Trojans of the Pacific-8 Conference defeated the Indiana Hoosiers of the Big Ten Conference, 14–3.  USC tailback O. J. Simpson was named the Player of the Game.
The City Bride
The City Bride; Or, The Merry Cuckold is a 1696 comedy play by the English writer Joseph Harris. It premiered at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, staged by Thomas Betterton's company. The plot was inspired by John Fletcher's A Cure for a Cuckold.

The original Lincoln's Inn Fields cast included John Bowman as Bonvile, John Thurmond as Friendly, George Bright as Justice Merryman, Samuel Bailey as  Mr Spruce, John Freeman as Compasse, Elizabeth Bowman as Arabella, Elizabeth Boutell as Clara and Abigail Lawson as Nurse.

George Bright (actor)
George Bright was an English stage actor of the seventeenth and early eighteenth century. He specialised in playing "comic dullards, fops and bouncy servants". After beginning his career in Dublin he joined the Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre in 1679 and then became part of the merged United Company in 1682.
Interamerican Series
The Interamerican Series (Spanish: Serie Interamericana) was an international club professional baseball tournament that brought together independent and winter league teams in North America, South America and the Caribbean. Held from 1946 to 1950 and from 1961 to 1965, it was the precursor to the modern Caribbean Series.

Leones del Caracas
The Caracas Base Ball Club C.A., better known by its commercial name as the Leones del Caracas, is a professional baseball team of the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League  (LVPB). The owner and sole shareholder of the sports club is Ricardo Cisneros, president of Ateneas Sports Holding.

Its name comes from the official name of the city of Caracas—Santiago de León de Caracas—which Diego de Losada assigned to it when it was founded in 1567. Consequently, a lion appears as a symbol on the representative coat of arms of the city of Caracas.

Los Leones del Caracas is a very popular team in Venezuela, and is the team with the most titles (21), and has runners-up (17), played finals (34), played post-seasons (3&). Second highest win percentage in the LVBP in regular season: (D-D 2187-2100 51%), post-season: (D-D 206-178 55.0%), finals (D-D 97-78 55.4%).

The team's colors are dark blue and gold and the crest features a lion, a symbol of the city of Caracas since 1591.
G.992.3 Annex J
Annex J is a specification in ITU-T Recommendations G.992.3 and G.992.5 for all digital mode ADSL with improved spectral compatibility with ADSL over ISDN, which means that it is a type of naked DSL which will not disturb existing  Annex B ADSL services in the same cable binder.

This specification has the same upstream/downstream frequency split of 276 kHz as Annex B, but does not have lower frequency limit of 138 kHz, allowing upstream bandwidth to be increased from 1.8 Mbit/s to 3.5 Mbit/s. This is similar to Annex M, but Annex J can not have POTS on the same line.

Deutsche Telekom started deploying Annex J in 2011, Vodafone Germany followed suit in April 2015 (marketed as quality improvements).

Data-rate units
In telecommunications, data rate units are commonly multiples of bits per second (bit/s) and bytes per second (B/s). For example, the data rates of modern residential high-speed Internet connections are commonly expressed in megabits per second (Mbit/s).
They are used as units of measurement for expressing data transfer rate, the average number of bits (bit rate), characters or symbols (symbol rate), or data blocks per unit time passing through a communication link in a data-transmission system.
T3: Alliance
T3: Alliance (formerly known as T3: Kapatid, Sagot Kita!, T3: Reload and T3: Enforced) is a Philippine television public service show broadcast by TV5. Hosted by Ben Tulfo, Raffy Tulfo, and Erwin Tulfo, it aired from September 5, 2011 to April 30, 2016.

DWFM
DWFM (92.3 FM), broadcasting as FM Radio 92.3, is a radio station owned by Nation Broadcasting Corporation and operated by Philippine Collective Media Corporation. It serves as the flagship station of FM Radio Philippines. The station's studio is located at 5th Floor, The Ignacia Place, 62 Sgt. Esguerra Ave corner Mother Ignacia Ave., Barangay South Triangle, Diliman, Quezon City; its transmitter is located at NBC compound, Block 3, Emerald Hills, Sumulong Highway, Antipolo.
Sherman Historic District (Sherman, Connecticut)
The Sherman Historic District encompasses the historic town center of Sherman, Connecticut.  It covers an 85-acre (34 ha) historic district area centered on the junction of Connecticut Routes 37 and 39, and consists mostly of residential structures, some of them dating to not long after the town's incorporation in 1740.  Most of the village center was developed in the 19th century.  Notable buildings include the 1837 Greek Revival Center Church (now used as a performance space), the 1886 Old Town Hall, and the 1926 Colonial Revival library building.: 14

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Connecticut Route 39
Route 39 is a north–south state highway in Connecticut.  It is one of the main roads in downtown Danbury. Route 39 runs 22.76 miles (36.63 km) from Interstate 84 (I-84) in Danbury north to Route 55 in Sherman.
Signed Italian
Signed Italian (italiano segnato) and Signed Exact Italian (italiano segnato esatto) are manually coded forms of the Italian language used in Italy.  They apply the words (signs) of Italian Sign Language to oral Italian word order and grammar.  The difference is the degree of adherence to the oral language:  Signed Italian is frequently used with simultaneous "translation", and consists of oral language accompanied by sign and fingerspelling.  Signed Exact Italian has additional signs for Italian grammatical endings; it is too slow for general communication, but is designed as an educational bridge between sign and the oral language.

Fingerspelling
Fingerspelling (or dactylology) is the representation of the letters of a writing system, and sometimes numeral systems, using only the hands. These manual alphabets (also known as finger alphabets or hand alphabets) have often been used in deaf education and have subsequently been adopted as a distinct part of a number of sign languages.  There are about forty manual alphabets around the world. Historically, manual alphabets have had a number of additional applications—including use as ciphers, as mnemonics and in silent religious settings.
Aerotec S/A Indústria Aeronáutica
Aerotec S/A Indústria Aeronáutica was a Brazilian aircraft manufacturer founded in 1962 with the support of the Department of Science and Aerospace Technology (Portuguese: Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial; DCTA) in São José dos Campos.

Department of Aerospace Science and Technology
The Brazilian Department of Science and Aerospace Technology (Portuguese: Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial; DCTA) is the national military research center for aviation and space flight. It is subordinated to the Brazilian Air Force (FAB).

It coordinates all technical and scientific activities related to the aerospace sector in which there are interests by the Ministry of Defense. It was established in 1953. It currently employs several thousand civilian and military personnel.
Ditt Inre
Ditt Inre is an indie duo from Stockholm, Sweden, consisting of Hampus Klint and Einar Andersson, currently signed to Cascine. Ditt Inre has been featured by Pitchfork, The Guardian, Vice, Stereogum, and The Line of Best Fit amongst others.

Einar Andersson
Einar Andersson (born Ernst Ejnar Andersson 13 July 1909 – 11 January 1989) was a Swedish tenor opera singer.

Andersson was born in Västerås. He studied at the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in Stockholm. He first performed on stage in an opera in Stockholm in 1938. In 1939 Anderson became a soloist in the Royal Swedish Opera. In 1958 he toured the Soviet Union.

He died on 11 January 1989 in Åseda in Uppvidinge.
Mahakaal (1994 film)
Mahakaal, also known as Mahakaal: The Monster, is a 1994 Indian Hindi-language horror film directed by Shyam Ramsay and Tulsi Ramsay, known as the Ramsay Brothers. The film borrows numerous elements from the 1984 American film A Nightmare on Elm Street and its sequels, including its antagonist, Shakaal—who, like Elm Street's Freddy Krueger, is a razor-gloved killer who can murder people through their dreams.

Blending elements of mysticism, black magic and slapstick comedy, Mahakaal is the second Bollywood film derived from A Nightmare on Elm Street, following 1989's Khooni Murda, which was produced by Mohan Bhakri. Mahakaal was also the last horror film produced by Shyam and Tulsi Ramsay. It was a moderate commercial success upon its theatrical release on 11 February 1994.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.
Etzel (ship)
The MS Etzel is a preserved motor ship on Lake Zürich in Switzerland. She was built for the Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft (Lake Zurich Navigation Company) in 1934, and operated for them until she was retired in 2001. She is now owned and operated by the Etzel society, a society specifically created to preserve her.

The Etzel is named after the Etzel, a mountain overlooking Lake Zurich. She was built by Escher Wyss & Cie., has an overall length of 31.9 metres (105 ft), an overall width of 5.7 metres (19 ft), and a capacity of 150 passengers.

The Etzel is available for charter. The society which owns the ship also organises occasional excursions aboard the vessel.

Motor ship
A motor ship or motor vessel is a ship that is propelled by an internal combustion engine, usually a diesel engine. The names of motor ships are often prefixed with MS, M/S, MV or M/V.

Engines for motorships were developed during the 1890s, and by the early 20th century, motorships began to cross the waters.
Premiere Ball
"Premiere Ball" is the premiere episode of the fourth season of the Canadian reality competition television series Canada's Drag Race, which aired on November 16, 2023 on the television network Crave. In this episode the queens compete in the Premiere Ball in three separate categories to make the best first impression. Canadian musical duo Tegan and Sara are the guest judges who are joined by regular panelists Brooke Lynn Hytes, Brad Goreski and Traci Melchor.

The episode was nominated for three Canadian Screen Awards at the 13th Canadian Screen Awards, winning two.

Canada's Drag Race season 4
The fourth season of Canada's Drag Race premiered on November 16, 2023 and concluded on January 11, 2024. The season aired on Crave in Canada, BBC Three in the United Kingdom, and on WOW Presents Plus internationally.

The winner of the fourth season of Canada's Drag Race was Venus, with Aurora Matrix as runner-up.
Hanskhali rape case
On 4 April 2022, a 14-year-old girl was raped in Hanskhali, located in the Nadia district, West Bengal, India. The main parties accused are Brojogopali Gayali and his friends. Notably, they are associated with TMC.

Nadia district
Nadia district (Bengali pronunciation: [nɔd̪iːaː]) is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies in the Presidency division. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north.

Nadia district is highly influential in the cultural history of Bengal. The standard form of modern Bengali, developed in the 19th century, is based on the dialect spoken around Shantipur region of Nadia. Known as the "Oxford of Bengal", Nabadwip made many contributions to Indian philosophy, such as the Navya-Nyaya system of logic, and is the birthplace of the Vaishnava saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. The district is still largely agricultural.
John C. Semple
John Cameron Semple (born 1947) is a botanist, cytotaxonomist, professor emeritus, and adjunct professor at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. He was born in Boston and earned a degree of Bachelor of Science in 1969 from Tufts University, followed in 1971 and 1972 by Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees from Washington University in St. Louis. Semple is known for his work with members of the tribe Astereae, particularly goldenrods, American asters, and goldenasters, and he maintains the University of Waterloo Astereae Lab website. Semple's wife is Brenda, and in 2013, he named a newly discovered goldenrod species Solidago brendiae in honor of her.

Adjunct professor
An adjunct professor is a type of academic appointment in higher education who does not work at the establishment full-time. The terms of this appointment and the job security of the tenure vary in different parts of the world, but the term is generally agreed to mean a bona-fide part-time faculty member in an adjunct position at an institution of higher education.
Arkansas Highway 184
Highway 184 (AR 184, Ark. 184, and Hwy. 184) is an east–west state highway in the Arkansas Delta. The route begins at US Highway 64 (US 64) in Parkin and runs east 7.30 miles (11.75 km) to US 64 in Earle. The route is maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT).

Parkin, Arkansas
Parkin is a city in Cross County, Arkansas, United States, along the St. Francis River. The population was 1,105 at the 2010 census, down from 1,602 in 2000. In the 2020 census, it dropped further to 794 people. Due to the recent population loss, a large segment of the downtown area has many abandoned and boarded-up buildings.  The town has recently become known as a speed trap.
Dallaire Centre of Excellence for Peace and Security
Canadian Minister of National Defence Harjit S. Sajjan announced the creation of the Dallaire Centre of Excellence for Peace and Security on June 25, 2019.
The Centre of Excellence is located at the Canadian Defence Academy, and former General and former Senator Romeo Dallaire will play a leadership role.

Roméo Dallaire
Roméo Antonius Dallaire (born June 25, 1946) is a retired Canadian politician and military officer who was a senator from Quebec from 2005 to 2014, and a lieutenant-general in the Canadian Armed Forces. He notably was the force commander of UNAMIR, the United Nations peacekeeping mission in Rwanda between 1993 and 1994, during the Rwandan genocide. Dallaire was a Senior Fellow at the Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies (MIGS) and co-director of the MIGS Will to Intervene Project.
Hitachi A-train
The Hitachi A-train is a family of rail rolling stock built and designed by Hitachi Rail using a common base and construction techniques. The stock is designed to facilitate a number of product life-cycle improvements including ease of manufacture, increased energy efficiency, and recyclability.

Fukutoshin Line
The Fukutoshin Line (副都心線, Fukutoshin-sen), formally the No. 13 Fukutoshin Line (13号線副都心線, Jū-san-gō-sen Fukutoshin-sen), is a 20.2-kilometer (12.6 mi) subway line operated by Tokyo Metro in west-central Tokyo and Wako, Saitama, Japan.

The newest line in the Tokyo subway network, it opened in stages between 1994 and 2008. On average, the Fukutoshin Line carried 362,654 passengers daily in 2017, the lowest of all Tokyo Metro lines and roughly one third of its sister Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line (1,124,478).

Fukutoshin is Japanese for "secondary city center", and the Fukutoshin Line connects three of Tokyo's secondary city centers: Ikebukuro, Shinjuku and Shibuya. Prior to its opening, only JR East had rail service between the three (on the Yamanote Line, the Saikyō Line and the Shōnan-Shinjuku Line).
Into the White
Into the White (also known as  Comrade, Lost in the Snow and Cross of Honour in the United Kingdom) is a 2012 wartime survival film directed by Petter Næss, written by Ole Meldgaard, Dave Mango and Petter Næss, and starring David Kross, Stig Henrik Hoff, Florian Lukas, Rupert Grint and Lachlan Nieboer. Loosely based on a real incident that occurred in Norway during the Norwegian campaign of World War II, the film follows a group of Royal Navy and Luftwaffe aviators who must cooperate to survive after crash-landing in remote Norway.

Fleet Air Arm
The Fleet Air Arm (FAA) is the naval aviation component of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). The FAA is one of five RN fighting arms. As of 2023 it is a primarily helicopter force, though also operating the F-35B Lightning II carrier-based stealth fighter jointly with the Royal Air Force.

The RAF was formed by the 1918 merger of the RN's Royal Naval Air Service with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps. The FAA did not come under the direct control of the Admiralty until mid-1939. During the Second World War, the FAA operated aircraft on ships as well as land-based aircraft that defended the Royal Navy's shore establishments and facilities.
Naannawa Shashamane (woreda)
Naannawa Shashamane is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It is named after the town of Shashamene what was separated from this woreda. Part of the West Arsi Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Shashamene is bordered on the south by the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the west by Shala, on the north by Arsi Negele, on the east by the Kore, and on the southeast by Kofele. The largest town in Shashamene is Kuyera.

Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia
The Great Rift Valley of Ethiopia, (or Main Ethiopian Rift or Ethiopian Rift Valley) is a branch of the East African Rift that runs through Ethiopia in a southwest direction from the Afar triple junction. In the past, it was seen as part of a "Great Rift Valley" that ran from Mozambique to Syria. Known for its scenery and diverse wildlife in Ethiopia specifically the Rift Valley holds importance in the field of human evolution. It is recognized as an area for researching the stages of human development with crucial fossil findings such, as Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) unearthed within its bounds.
Baltimore Gazette
Baltimore Gazette and Daily Advertiser, newspaper published in Baltimore from 1825 to 1838

Gazette (Baltimore), newspaper published in Baltimore in 1827

Baltimore Gazette (1862–1875), newspaper in Baltimore published from 1862 to 1875

Baltimore Gazette (1862–1875)
The Baltimore Gazette, also known as the Baltimore Daily Gazette or simply The Gazette, was a daily newspaper in Baltimore, Maryland, published between 1862 and 1875. The paper was associated with several high-profile figures in publishing and politics, including William Hinson Cole and William Wilkins Glenn.