hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chihshang, Taitung
23°07′N 121°13′E﻿ / ﻿23.117°N 121.217°E﻿ / 23.117; 121.217

Chihshang Township (Chinese: 池上鄉; Hanyu Pinyin: Chíshàng Xiāng; Tongyong Pinyin: Chíhshàng Siang) is a rural township in Taitung County, Taiwan.

Chihshang was founded by indigenous Makatao from Pingtung 160 years ago, along with the other immigrants, including Taivoan from Kaohsiung and very few Siraya from Tainan later in the 1950s. The indigenous Night Ceremony has been held in Chihshang annually in November.

Tongyong Pinyin
Tongyong Pinyin was the official romanization of Mandarin in Taiwan between 2002 and 2008. The system was unofficially used between 2000 and 2002, while a new romanization system for Taiwan was being evaluated for adoption. Taiwan's Ministry of Education approved the system in 2002, but its use was optional.

From 1 January 2009, the Ministry of Education began promoting Hanyu Pinyin. Local governments were not able to get financial aid from the central government if they used Tongyong Pinyin-derived romanizations. However, Tongyong Pinyin has continued in use for the transliteration of some place names and personal names in Taiwan (Republic of China). Some of the romanized names of the districts, subway stations and streets in Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yunlin County and other places are derived from Tongyong Pinyin –  for example, Cijin District (旗津區, Cíjin Cyu).
Richard D. Weisel
Richard D. Weisel, CM  FRCSC is a Canadian-American cardiovascular surgeon and a professor of surgery at University of Toronto. He is the current editor-in-chief of the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and the current director of the Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network. He is known for demonstrating that volume loading during cardiac surgery improved stroke volume in patients post-operatively. He is also a researcher specializing in myocardial protection, cardiac regeneration and stem cells.

Cardiothoracic surgery
Cardiothoracic (CT) surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thoracic cavity — generally treatment of conditions of the heart (heart disease), lungs (lung disease), and other pleural or mediastinal structures.

In most countries, cardiothoracic surgery is further subspecialized into cardiac surgery (involving the heart and the great vessels) and thoracic surgery (involving the lungs, esophagus, thymus, etc.); the exceptions are the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, India and some European Union countries such as Portugal.
Château de Saint-Élix-Séglan
The Château de Saint-Élix is a castle in the commune of Saint-Élix-Séglan in the Haute-Garonne département of France.

The castle was originally constructed in the 14th century, with developments in the 15th and 17th. The Château de Saint-Elix is a modest fortified house situated on the summit of a hill dominating the valley of the Noue River. It consists of a mediaeval nucleus, a tower-house from the 14th-15th centuries and a two-storey house built in the 17th century.

Privately owned, it has been listed since 1991 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.
A Pair of Brown Eyes
"A Pair of Brown Eyes" is a single by The Pogues, released on 18 March 1985. It featured on the band's second album, Rum Sodomy & the Lash, and was composed by Pogues front man Shane MacGowan. The single was their first to make the UK Top 100, peaking at Number 72. The Los Angeles Times listed it among "The 10 Essential Shane MacGowan Songs."

ABC Australia writes that the song is "an unflinching take on World War I from the perspective of a drunken veteran."

Wilfred Owen
Wilfred Edward Salter Owen MC (18 March 1893 – 4 November 1918) was an English poet and soldier. He was one of the leading poets of the First World War. His war poetry on the horrors of trenches and gas warfare was much influenced by his mentor Siegfried Sassoon and stood in contrast to the public perception of war at the time and to the confidently patriotic verse written by earlier war poets such as Rupert Brooke. Among his best-known works – most of which were published posthumously – are "Dulce et Decorum est", "Insensibility", "Anthem for Doomed Youth", "Futility", "Spring Offensive" and "Strange Meeting". Owen was killed in action on 4 November 1918, a week before the Armistice, at the age of 25.
Lishness Peak
Lishness Peak (78°53′S 84°45′W﻿ / ﻿78.883°S 84.750°W﻿ / -78.883; -84.750) is a peak, 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) high, in Owen Ridge near the south end of the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica, rising at the east side of Nimitz Glacier, 1 nautical mile (2 km) southeast of Wilson Peak and 8.8 nautical miles (16 km) northwest of Bowers Corner. It was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1957 to 1959, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Alton R. Lishness, a radio operator on a U.S. Navy R4D exploratory flight to this area on January 28, 1958.

Nimitz Glacier
The Nimitz Glacier is an Antarctic glacier, 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) long and 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) wide, draining the area about 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) west of the Vinson Massif and flowing southeast between the Sentinel Range and Bastien Range to enter Minnesota Glacier, in the central Ellsworth Mountains.

Discovered by USN Squadron VX-6 on photographic flights of 14–15 December 1959, and mapped by United States Geological Survey from these photos. Named by US-ACAN for Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, USN, who as Chief of Naval Operations at the time of Operation Highjump, 1946–1947, made possible that unprecedentedly large Antarctic expedition.
After the Snow
After the Snow is the second studio album by Modern English, released in April 1982 by 4AD in the United Kingdom, Vertigo Records in Canada, and Sire Records in the United States. It spawned three singles, including the worldwide hit "I Melt with You".

Vertigo Records
Vertigo Records is a British record company. It was a subsidiary of the Philips/Phonogram record label, launched in 1969 to specialise in progressive rock and other non-mainstream musical styles. Today, it’s operated by Universal Music Germany and the UK catalogue was folded into Mercury Records, which was absorbed in 2013 by Virgin EMI Records, which returned to the EMI Records name in June 2020.
John Garstang
John Garstang (5 May 1876 – 12 September 1956) was a British archaeologist of the Ancient Near East, especially Egypt, Sudan, Anatolia and the southern Levant. He was the younger brother of Professor Walter Garstang, FRS, a marine biologist and zoologist. Garstang is considered a pioneer in the development of scientific practices in archaeology as he kept detailed records of his excavations with extensive photographic records, which was a comparatively rare practice in early 20th-century archaeology.

Upper Egypt
Upper Egypt (Arabic: صعيد مصر Ṣaʿīd Miṣr, shortened to الصعيد, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [es.sˤe.ˈʕiːd], locally: [es.sˤɑ.ˈʕiːd]) is the southern portion of Egypt and is composed of the Nile River valley south of the delta and the 30th parallel North. It thus starts at Beni Suef and stretches down to Lake Nasser (formed by the Aswan High Dam).
David Rendall
David Montague Rendall (11 October 1948 – 21 July 2025) was an English operatic tenor who developed an international career performing regularly at the Royal Opera House in London and the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. His roles included Ferrando in Mozart's Così fan tutte and other Mozart roles, Almaviva in Rossini's The Barber of Seville and Matteo in R. Strauss's Arabella. He appeared at leading opera houses in Europe, the United States and Japan, growing into heavier roles such as Verdi's Otello and Wagner's Lohengrin.

Rigoletto
Rigoletto is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi. The Italian libretto was written by Francesco Maria Piave based on the 1832 play Le roi s'amuse by Victor Hugo. Despite serious initial problems with the Austrian censors who had control over northern Italian theatres at the time, the opera had a triumphant premiere at La Fenice in Venice on 11 March 1851.

The work, Verdi's sixteenth in the genre, is widely considered to be the first of the operatic masterpieces of Verdi's middle-to-late career. Its tragic story revolves around the licentious Duke of Mantua, his hunch-backed court jester Rigoletto, and Rigoletto's daughter Gilda. The opera's original title, La maledizione (The Curse), refers to a curse placed on both the Duke and Rigoletto by the Count Monterone, whose daughter the Duke has seduced with Rigoletto's encouragement. The curse comes to fruition when Gilda falls in love with the Duke and sacrifices her life to save him from the assassin hired by her father.
Caves of Meghalaya
The Caves of Meghalaya comprise a large number of caves in the Jaintia, Khasi Hills, and Garo Hills districts in the Indian state of Meghalaya, and are amongst the longest caves in the world. Of the ten longest and deepest caves in India, the first nine are in Meghalaya, while the tenth is in Mizoram. The longest is Krem Liat Prah in the Jaintia Hills, which is 30,957 m (101,600 ft) long. The word "Krem" means cave in the local Khasi language.

The exploration of the Caves of Meghalaya is currently undertaken for both scientific and recreational pursuits,) and there are still many unexplored and partially explored caves in the state. The annual caving expeditions organized by Meghalaya Adventurers Association (MAA) are known as the "Caving in the Abode of the Clouds Project". Because they are located primarily in limestone formations, the caves continue to come under threat from the limestone mining industry.

Jaintia Hills district
Jaintia Hills District was a district in Meghalaya, India that was established in 1972 with headquarters at Jowai which was taken from the United Khasi Jaintia Hills District Council. It was once part of the ancient Jaintia Kingdom. The present inhabitants of the District are the Pnar, the War, the Bhoi (Karbis), Tiwa (Lalung) and the Biates
In 2012 the district has been bifurcated into two districts:-

East Jaintia Hills district headquartered at Khliehriat

West Jaintia Hills district headquartered at Jowai
Apamea (moth)
Apamea is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae first described by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer in 1816.

Some Apamea species are pest insects. The larval Apamea niveivenosa is a cutworm known as a pest of grain crops in North America. The larva of A. apamiformis is the rice worm, the most serious insect pest of cultivated wild rice in the Upper Midwest of the United States.

Cutworm
Cutworms are moth larvae that hide under litter or soil during the day, coming out in the dark to feed on plants. A larva typically attacks the first part of the plant it encounters, namely the stem, often of a seedling, and consequently cuts it down, hence the name cutworm. Cutworms are not worms, biologically speaking, but caterpillars.
Sidi Dahbi
Sidi Dahbi is a small town and rural commune in Settat Province of the Chaouia-Ouardigha region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 8367 people living in 1415 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
R246 road (Ireland)
The R246 road is a regional road in Ireland. It is a road mostly on the Fanad peninsula in County Donegal. The northernmost section of the road at Portsalon forms part of the Wild Atlantic Way.

The R246 branches north from the R249, then passing Lough Fern on the way to Milford. From Milford the road travels along the east shore of Mulroy Bay before turning east to Lough Swilly at Portsalon. Just off the road, the beach at Ballymastocker Bay (Portsalon) has been considered one of the world's finest. The R246 is 23.1 km (14.4 mi) long.

Lough Swilly
Lough Swilly (Irish: Loch Súilí, meaning 'lake of eyes') in Ireland is a glacial fjord or sea inlet lying between the western side of the Inishowen Peninsula and the Fanad Peninsula, in County Donegal. Along with Carlingford Lough and Killary Harbour it is one of three glacial fjords in Ireland.
Tail of the Bank
The Tail of the Bank is the name given to the anchorage in the upper Firth of Clyde immediately North of Greenock, between Inverclyde and Argyll and Bute. This area of the Firth gets its name from the deep water immediately to the west of the sandbank which marks the entrance to the navigable channel up the Estuary of the River Clyde.

Dumbarton
Dumbarton (/dʌmˈbɑːrtən/; Scots: Dumbairton, Dumbartoun or Dumbertan; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Breatann [t̪um ˈpɾʲɛht̪ən̪ˠ] or Dùn Breatainn [t̪um ˈpɾʲɛht̪ɪɲ], meaning 'fort of the Britons') is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, on the north bank of the River Clyde where the River Leven flows into the Clyde estuary. In 2006, it had an estimated population of 19,990.

Dumbarton was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Strathclyde, and later the county town of Dunbartonshire.
Dumbarton Castle, on top of Dumbarton Rock, dominates the area. Dumbarton was a royal burgh between 1222 and 1975.

Dumbarton emerged from the 19th century as a centre for shipbuilding, glassmaking, and whisky production. However, these industries have since declined, and Dumbarton today is increasingly a commuter town for Glasgow 13 miles (21 km) east-southeast of it. Dumbarton F.C. is the local football club.
Insensitive munition
Insensitive munitions are munitions that are designed to withstand stimuli representative of severe but credible accidents.  The range of stimuli are shock (from bullets, fragments and shaped charge jets), heat (from fires or adjacent thermal events) and adjacent detonating munitions.  A munition can have its vulnerability reduced by a number of means used on their own or in combination such as a reduced vulnerability energetic material, design features, additions or changes to packaging etc. The munition must still retain its terminal effect and performance within acceptable parameters.

Shock sensitivity
Shock sensitivity is a comparative measure of the sensitivity to sudden compression (by impact or blast) of an explosive chemical compound. Determination of the shock sensitivity of a material intended for practical use is one important aspect of safety testing of explosives.

A variety of tests and indices are in use, of which one of the more common is the Rotter Impact Test, with results expressed as FoI (Figure of Insensitivity.) In addition, various "gap tests" are used to measure sensitivity to blast shock.
Ōshima-tsumugi
Ōshimatsumugi (大島紬, Ōshima-tsumugi; Amami: Ōshimachimugi)  is a traditional craft textile produced in the Amami Islands (mainly Amami Ōshima) in northern Ryukyu Islands, Japan. It is a hand-woven plain-weave silk cloth dyed in mud. The textile is most commonly used for making kimonos. Oshima-tsumugi kimonos are often simply called Ōshima.

Amami Ōshima language
The Amami language or languages (島口, シマユムタ, Shimayumuta), also known as Amami Ōshima or simply Ōshima ('Big Island'), is a Ryukyuan language spoken in the Amami Islands south of Kyūshū. The southern variety of the Setouchi township may be a distinct language more closely related to Okinawan than it is to northern Ōshima.

As Amami does not have recognition within Japan as a language, it is officially known as the Amami dialect (奄美方言, Amami Hōgen).
Paul Cannell
Paul Anthony Cannell (born 2 September 1953) is an English former footballer, who played as a forward for Newcastle United between 1972 and 1978. He made 62 appearances and scored 18 goals, before moving to the United States. Cannell was a substitute for the 1976 League Cup Final, which Newcastle lost 2–1 to Manchester City.

1976 Football League Cup final
The 1976 Football League Cup final took place between Manchester City and Newcastle United on 28 February 1976 at Wembley Stadium. It was the sixteenth final and the tenth Football League Cup final to be played at Wembley. Manchester City won the match 2–1 to win the competition for the second time. The match is best known for its winning goal, an overhead kick by Dennis Tueart.
Day of Zamora
The Day of Zamora (Spanish: Día de Zamora), also known as Jornada del Foso de Zamora ("Zamora's trench [moat] Day"), was a battle of the Spanish Reconquista that took place at the city of Zamora, Spain The battle was fought between the forces of the Kingdom of Asturias under the command of Alfonso III of Asturias and the Muslim forces of Ahmed Ibn Muwaiya, an Umayyad, who was also known as Ibn al-Qitt, and by his kunya: Abul Qassim. The battle ended in victory for the city's defenders.

Ibn al-Qitt
Abu'l-Qasim Ahmad ibn Mu'awiya ibn Muhammad ibn Hisham ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya, known as  Ibn al-Qitt (died 901), was an Umayyad rebel and self-proclaimed Mahdi in the Emirate of Córdoba.

A member of the Umayyad royal family, he was a great-great-grandson of Hisham I of Córdoba. Convinced by the ascetic Abu Ali al-Sarrai (possibly an Isma'ili Shia agent sowing discord), who presented him as Mahdi, Ibn al-Qitt rebelled against the emiral rule of Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi in Córdoba, and waged a Jihad against Christians. Apparently followed in his rebellion by Berbers (including Nafza and Kutama tribes) from Llano de los Pedroches, sierra de Almadén, Trujillo, the Guadiana basin, south-west Iberia, Toledo, Talavera and Santaver, his first military operation in Christian lands was an attack in 901 AD against Zamora, where, following the defection of a number of Berber chieftains, he was reportedly captured and beheaded.
Peru Open
The Peru Open, or Abierto de Perú, is the national open golf tournament of Peru. It was first played in 1982, although previous tournaments had previously been held using the same name. It was an event on the South American Tour from 1995 to 2000, and revived as a stop on the Tour de las Américas in 2004, when it was co-sanctioned by the European Challenge Tour, and 2008. It is currently an event on PGA Tour Latinoamérica.

Challenge Tour
The Challenge Tour, currently titled as the HotelPlanner Tour for sponsorship reasons and also sometimes referred to as the European Challenge Tour, is the second-tier men's professional golf tour in Europe. It is operated by the PGA European Tour and similarly with the main European Tour and the European Senior Tour, some of the events are played outside Europe.
Adventure Rupes
Adventure Rupes is an escarpment on Mercury approximately 270 kilometres (170 miles) long located in the southern hemisphere of Mercury. Discovered by the Mariner 10 spacecraft in 1974, it was formed by a thrust fault, thought to have occurred due to the shrinkage of the planet's core as it cooled over time.

Adventure Rupes has an arcuate shape with the scarp face on the convex side of the arc. It has a relief of about 1.3 km and is a continuation of Resolution Rupes and Discovery Rupes along a rough arc, which extends for more than 1000 km. Adventure Rupes is separated from Resolution Rupes by a high relief ridge informally named Rabelais Dorsum, which crosscuts the scarps. This means that Resolution Rupes and Adventure Rupes may be parts of one large structure similar in length to Discovery Rupes.

The scarp is named after HMS Adventure, one of James Cook's ships on his second voyage to the Pacific, 1772–1775.

Mariner 10
Mariner 10 was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on 3 November 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was the first spacecraft to visit Mercury and the first to perform a flyby of multiple planets.

Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program. (Mariner 11 and Mariner 12 were allocated to the Voyager program and redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2.)

The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity assist mission. Mariner 10's science team was led by Bruce C. Murray at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Sheila van Damm
Sheila van Damm (17 January 1922 – 23 August 1987) was a British woman competitor in motor rallying in the 1950s, and also the former owner of the Windmill Theatre in London.  She began her competitive driving career in 1950, and won the Coupe des Dames, the highest award for women, in the 1953 Alpine Rally. The following year she won the Women's European Touring Championship and, in 1955, the Coupe des Dames at the Monte Carlo Rally.

Monte Carlo Rally
The Monte Carlo Rally or Rallye Monte-Carlo (officially Rallye Automobile Monte-Carlo) is a rallying event organized each year by the Automobile Club de Monaco.

From its inception in 1911 by Prince Albert I, the rally was intended to demonstrate improvements and innovations in automobiles, and promote Monaco as a tourist resort on the Mediterranean shore. Before the format changed in 1997, the event was a “concentration rally” in which competitors would set off from various starting points around Europe and drive to Monaco, where the rally would continue to a set of special stages.

The rally now takes place along the hills of the French Riviera and southeast France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and the southern parts of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes). In 2026, for the first time since the 2008 Monte Carlo Rally, the event returned to within the borders of Monaco for a Super Special Stage.
1943–44 Svenska mästerskapet (men's handball)
The 1943–44 Svenska mästerskapet was the 13th season of Svenska mästerskapet, a tournament held to determine the Swedish Champions of men's handball. Teams qualified by winning their respective District Championships. 19 teams competed in the tournament. Majornas IK were the two-time defending champions, and won their fifth title, defeating IFK Karlskrona in the final. The final was played on 2 April in Karlskrona, and was watched by 1,499 spectators.

Karlskrona
Karlskrona (UK: /ˈkɑːrlskroʊnə/, US: /kɑːrlzˈkruːnə/, Swedish: [kaɭsˈkrûːna] ⓘ) is a locality and the seat of Karlskrona Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with a population of 66,675 in 2018. It is also the capital of Blekinge County. Karlskrona is known as Sweden's only baroque city and is host to Sweden's largest naval base and the headquarters of the Swedish Coast Guard.

Historically, the city has been home to a German minority, thus enabling the formation of a German Congregational church. It also counted Jewish people in its population.

In 1998, parts of the city, including the Karlskrona Naval Base, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.