hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tang Shenwei
Tang Shenwei (Chinese: 唐慎微; pinyin: Táng Shènwēi; c.1056-1093), courtesy name Shenyuan (simplified Chinese: 审元; traditional Chinese: 審元), was a Chinese physician of the Song dynasty. He compiled an influential pharmacopoeia, Zhenglei bencao (證類本草).

Pharmacopoeia
A pharmacopoeia, pharmacopeia, or pharmacopoea (or the typographically obsolete rendering, pharmacopœia), meaning "drug-making", in its modern technical sense, is a reference work containing directions for the identification of compound medicines. These are published or sanctioned by a government or a medical or pharmaceutical society, giving the work legal authority within a specified jurisdiction. In a broader sense it is a collection of pharmaceutical drug specifications. Descriptions of the individual preparations are called monographs.

There are national, supranational, and international pharmacopoeias.
Diffusing-wave spectroscopy
Diffusing-wave spectroscopy (DWS) is an optical technique derived from dynamic light scattering (DLS) that studies the dynamics of scattered light in the limit of strong multiple scattering. It has been widely used in the past to study colloidal suspensions, emulsions, foams, gels, biological media and other forms of soft matter. If carefully calibrated, DWS allows the quantitative measurement of microscopic motion in a soft material, from which the rheological properties of the complex medium can be extracted via the microrheology approach.

Suspension (chemistry)
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. The particles may be visible to the naked eye, usually must be larger than one micrometer, and will eventually settle, although the mixture is only classified as a suspension when and while the particles have not settled out.
Sverre Andersen
Sverre Andersen (9 October 1936 – 1 November 2016) was a Norwegian footballer. He made his debut for Viking FK in 1952 as a goalkeeper, and played his last game in 1971. He played a total of 482 games for Viking (262 in Norwegian league). For many years, he was considered the best goalkeeper in Norway. He won goalkeeper of the year in 1962, 1963, 1965 and 1968 in the VG Awards.

Verdens Gang
Verdens Gang (lit. 'The course of the world'), generally known under the abbreviation VG, is a Norwegian tabloid newspaper. In 2016, circulation numbers stood at 93,883, declining from a peak circulation of 390,510 in 2002. Nevertheless, VG is the most-read online newspaper in Norway, with about 2 million daily readers.

Verdens Gang AS is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted ASA.
Shin'yō Maru incident
The Shin'yō Maru incident occurred in the Philippines on September 7, 1944, in the Pacific theater of World War II. In an attack on a Japanese convoy by the United States Navy submarine USS Paddle, 668 Allied prisoners of war were killed fighting their Japanese guards or killed when their ship, Shinyō Maru, was sunk. Only 82 Americans survived and were later rescued.

Second Philippine Republic
The Second Philippine Republic, officially the Republic of the Philippines and also known as the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a pro-Axis government established on October 14, 1943, during the Japanese occupation of the islands until its dissolution on August 17, 1945.
Dallas (name)
Dallas is a surname of Scottish and English origin, as well as a given name. When of Scottish origin the name is a habitational name, derived from Dallas near Forres. This place-name is likely derived from the British dol "meadow" + gwas "dwelling" (compare Gaelic dail + fas). This name also appears in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. When of English origin the name is a habitational name, derived from the Old English dæl, or Old Norse dalr "valley" + hus "house". An example of such a derivation is Dalehouse in North Yorkshire. The name can also be a topographic name, derived in the same fashion.

Forres
Forres (/ˈfɒrɪs/; Scottish Gaelic: Farrais) is a town and former royal burgh in the north of Scotland on the Moray coast, approximately 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Inverness and 12 miles (19 km) west of Elgin. Forres has been a winner of the Scotland in Bloom award on several occasions. There are many geographical and historical attractions nearby such as the River Findhorn, and there are also classical, historical artifacts and monuments within the town itself, such as Forres Tolbooth and Nelson's Tower. Brodie Castle, the home of the Brodie Clan, lies to the west of the town, close to the A96.
Jetalpur
Jetalpur is a town in the Ahmedabad district of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the location of a Swaminarayan temple commissioned by Swaminarayan himself. Jetalpur Village Located in between Kheda and Ahmedabad

An engineering college named Narnarayan Shastri Institute of Technology is situated in Jetalpur.

Kheda
Kheda is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of Gujarat. Kheda was known as Kaira during the British Raj. It was the former administrative capital of Kheda district. The city is known for tobacco farming. The nearest railway station is Mahemadavad Kheda Road and the nearest airport is Ahmedabad Airport.
2 Samuel 10
2 Samuel 10 is the tenth chapter of the Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the second part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter contains the account of David's reign in Jerusalem. This is within a section comprising 2 Samuel 9–20 and continued to 1 Kings 1–2 which deal with the power struggles among David's sons to succeed David's throne until 'the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon' (1 Kings 2:46).

1 Kings 1
1 Kings 1 is the first chapter of the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE. This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the reign of Solomon over the unified kingdom of Judah and Israel (1 Kings 1 to 11). The focus of this chapter is the reign of David and Solomon, the kings of Israel.
Blood brother
Blood brother can refer to two or more people not related by birth who have sworn loyalty to each other. This is in modern times usually done in a ceremony, known as a blood oath, where each person makes a small cut, usually on a finger, hand, or the forearm, and then the two cuts are pressed together and bound, the symbolism being that each person's blood now flows in the other participant's veins.

The act carries a risk due to blood-borne diseases. The process usually provides a participant with a heightened symbolic sense of attachment with the other participant.

Jamukha
Jamukha (Mongolian: Жамуха), a military and political leader of the Jadaran tribe who was proclaimed Gur Khan ('Universal Ruler') in 1201 by opposing factions, was a principal rival to Temüjin (proclaimed Genghis Khan in 1206) during the struggle for supremacy over the diverse tribes of the Mongolian steppe, a conflict that ultimately led to their unification under Temüjin.
Line 1 (Wuhan Metro)
Line 1 of the Wuhan Metro (Chinese: 武汉轨道交通一号线) is an elevated metro line in the city of Wuhan, Hubei. It is the longest continuous metro viaduct in the world. Line 1 opened on 28 July 2004, making Wuhan the fifth city in mainland China to have a metro system after Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou. This is the first Metro line in China incorrectly referred to as a light rail (轻轨; qīngguǐ) line in Chinese terminology because it is elevated. Originally a branch line was planned to cross the Yangtze to Wuchang District via the Second Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. The Second Wuhan River Bridge even had a provision in the central median where Line 1 trains would run in anticipation for the branch line when it opened in 1995. However, by 2003 the reservation was removed to allow for more traffic lanes when the bridge was undergoing renovation.

Tianjin Metro
The Tianjin Metro or Tianjin Rail Transit is the rapid transit system in the city of Tianjin, which was the second city in mainland China after Beijing to operate a subway system (the Beijing Subway opened in 1971). First opened in 1984, the system currently has 13 operating lines and 258 stations spanning 370 km (230 mi).
Chaetostoma lineopunctatum
Chaetostoma lineopunctatum is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Aguaytía River, the Pachitea River, and the Pisqui River in the Ucayali River drainage in Peru. The species reaches 14.3 cm (5.6 in) SL. It appears in the aquarium trade, where it is referred to as the bloodfin bulldog pleco or by its L-number, which is L-276.

L-number
The L-number system is a semi-scientific classification system of catfish based on photographs of shipments of tropical catfish of the family Loricariidae published by the German aquarium magazine DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (The Aquarium and Terrarium Magazine)). The first L-number was published in 1988.

An L-number is not a formal scientific designation, but it allows people to identify various loricariid catfish by a "common name" before the fish is officially described. When a loricariid receives an official scientific name, the L-number (or numbers) is retired; best practice is then to use the scientific name.

A specific L-number classification does not guarantee a discrete species, multiple L numbers have been given to different populations of the same species. To add to the confusion, sometimes a single L-number may be used for multiple species.

Additionally the aquarium magazine 'Das Aquarium' introduced a similar system using the prefix 'LDA'.
Witaaspis
Witaaspis was an extinct genus of osteostraci fish that lived in the Wenlock and Ludlow epochs of the Silurian period.

Witaaspis schrenckii (Pander) and Witaaspis patteni Robertson were formally named in 1945, along with three other genara of osteostraci.

The genera were named Witaaspis after the quarry in Estonia where the specimens were found.

Ludlow Epoch
In the geological timescale, the Ludlow Epoch or Mid-Late Silurian (from 426.7 ± 1.5 million years ago to 422.7 ± 1.6 million years ago) occurred during the Silurian Period, after the end of the Homerian Age. It is named for the town of Ludlow in Shropshire, England.

The Ludlow Epoch is subdivided into two stages: Gorstian and Ludfordian.
Kill Switch...Klick
Kill Switch...Klick, also known as KsK and Kill Switch (the original) is the name of an American industrial rock band. The band is best known for its releases on Cleopatra Records and Go-Kustom Rekords. KsK was formed in 1991 by D.A. Sebasstian (born Devin Edward Chastain on February 27, 1964), a writer, film maker, musician and artist who had relocated from San Bernardino, California, to Seattle, Washington, late in 1989 where he currently resides.

Sigue Sigue Sputnik
Sigue Sigue Sputnik were a British new wave band formed in 1982 by former Generation X bassist Tony James. The band have had three UK top-40 hit singles, including "Love Missile F1-11" and "21st Century Boy".

The band's music, image and inspiration drew from a range of electronic and glam bands such as  Suicide and the New York Dolls.
2014 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique – Doubles
Lucie Hradecká and Michaëlla Krajicek were the defending champions, however Krajicek chose not to participate. Hradecká partnered Andrea Hlaváčková but withdrew before their quarterfinal match.

The Ukrainian-twins Lyudmyla Kichenok and Nadiia Kichenok won the title, defeating the French-duo Stéphanie Foretz and Amandine Hesse in the final, 6–2, 6–3.

Stéphanie Foretz
Stéphanie Foretz (born 3 May 1981) is a professional tennis player from France.

Foretz won nine singles and 16 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 24 February 2003, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 62. On 19 May 2008, she peaked at No. 42 in the doubles rankings.

Foretz was an accomplished junior player, having reached the final of the girls' tournament at the 1999 French Open. She also was selected to play for the Boston Lobsters in the 2009 World TeamTennis pro league.

In 2010, Foretz married Benoît Gacon and began competing under the name Stéphanie Foretz Gacon. In 2014, however, she reverted to her maiden name as Stéphanie Foretz.
I Call Fives
I Call Fives is an American pop-punk band from Washington Township, New Jersey. Since their formation in 2006, the band have released 5 EP's and 1 self-titled full length in July 2012 through Pure Noise Records. The band was previously signed to No Sleep Records. The band was a part of the Vans Warped Tour in 2012 and has played shows in the United States, Canada, England, Ireland, Scotland, and Australia. Their debut full length premiered at No. 13 on Billboard Charts Top Heatseekers. In 2014, the band performed at Australia's annual music festival, Soundwave (Australian music festival).

No Sleep Records
No Sleep Records was an American independent record label in Huntington Beach, California. They were founded by Chris Hansen in 2006 and have released records by artists including Balance and Composure, La Dispute, and The Wonder Years. They have released free sampler albums on the internet on a number of occasions and the label closely associates itself with vegan lifestyle and the revived interest in vinyl record sales. On June 25, 2024 it was announced that No Sleep Records would be shutting down.
Saint-Lazare Prison
48°52′32″N 2°21′16″E﻿ / ﻿48.87556°N 2.35444°E﻿ / 48.87556; 2.35444

Saint-Lazare Prison was a prison in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, France. It existed from 1793 until 1935 and was housed in a former motherhouse of the Vincentians.

Hubert Robert
Hubert Robert (French pronunciation: [ybɛʁ ʁɔbɛʁ]; 22 May 1733 – 15 April 1808) was a French painter in the school of Romanticism, noted especially for his landscape paintings and capricci, or semi-fictitious picturesque depictions of ruins in Italy and of France.
Hélène Iswolsky
Hélène Iswolsky (Russian: Елена Александровна Извольская, born in 1896, Tegernsee, Germany; died in 1975, Cold Spring, New York, United States) was a Russian noblewoman, anti-communist political refugee, writer, translator and journalist. Raised Russian Orthodox, she was received into the Catholic Church in France and later became an oblate, taking the name Sister Olga.

The American novelist Flannery O'Connor, who "used to go with her nephew", later described Iswolsky as "a Catholic of the Eastern Rite persuasion and sort of one-man Catholic ecumenical movement".

Tegernsee
Tegernsee (German pronunciation: [ˈteːɡɐnˌzeː] ⓘ) is a town in the Miesbach district of Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the banks of Lake Tegernsee, which is 747 m (2,451 ft) above sea level. A spa town, it is surrounded by an alpine landscape of Upper Bavaria, and has an economy mainly based on tourism.

The town is home to a former Benedictine monastery, the Tegernsee Abbey. Today the building is a Schloss. The northern wing of the abbey contains a brewery that produces the famous Tegernsee Lager Beer.
World RX of Catalunya
The World RX of Catalunya is a Rallycross event held in Spain for the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event made its debut in the 2015 season, at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in the town of Montmeló, Catalonia.

From 2015 to 2018, the event was called "World RX of Barcelona". From 2019 onwards, it's called "World RX of Catalunya".

Due to COVID-19 pandemic which affected the 2020 FIA World Rallycross Championship season calendar, the circuit hosted a double-header season finale. The first race was named as World RX of Pirineus-Barcelona 2030 as mark of support for Pyrenees-Barcelona bid for the 2030 Winter Olympics. The second race was held under World RX of Catalunya name.

2030 Winter Olympics
The 2030 Winter Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2030), officially known as the XXVI Olympic Winter Games (French: XXVIes Jeux Olympiques d'hiver) and branded as French Alps 2030 (French: Alpes Françaises 2030) or Alpes 2030, is an upcoming international multi-sport event scheduled to take place from 1 to 17 February 2030 in the French Alps region of France.

As part of the new Olympic bid process, the Future Host Commission of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) nominated the French Alps as its preferred candidate on 29 November 2023. The French Alps' bid was approved during the 142nd IOC Session in Paris on 24 July 2024.

Events will be held across the departments of Alpes-Maritimes and Hautes-Alpes in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (with the prefecture of Nice hosting all but one of the ice events), and the departments of Haute-Savoie and Savoie in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.
Verified-Accredited Wholesale Distributors
The Verified-Accredited Wholesale Distributors (VAWD) program was established in 2004 to help protect the public from the
threat of counterfeit drugs.  The VAWD program was developed and is administered by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP).  The program offers an accreditation to wholesale distribution facilities by offering an objective, third-party audit system.

The criteria to earn VAWD accreditation program includes a compliance review, criteria including: licensure verification, on-site survey and examination, screening through NABP's Clearinghouse, and criminal background checks for responsible persons.  The facility must employ security and best practices for safe distribution.  Resurveys of accredited sites will be performed by trained NABP surveyors before accreditation may be renewed.

Background check
A background check is a process used by an organisation or person to verify that an individual is who they claim to be, and check their past record to confirm education, employment history, and other activities, and for a criminal record. The frequency, purpose, and legitimacy of background checks vary among countries, industries, and individuals. An employment background check typically takes place when someone applies for a job, but it can also happen at any time the employer deems necessary. A variety of methods are used to complete these checks, including comprehensive database search and letters of reference.
Direct methods (electron microscopy)
In crystallography, direct methods is a set of techniques used for structure determination using diffraction data and a priori information. It is a solution to the crystallographic phase problem, where phase information is lost during a diffraction measurement. Direct methods provides a method of estimating the phase information by establishing statistical relationships between the recorded amplitude information and phases of strong reflections.

Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror) the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.

In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.
Z (TV channel)
Z [zɛd] is a Canadian French language specialty channel owned by Bell Media. Z focuses on programming primarily from the science fiction, fantasy, and technology genres consisting of dramas, films, and documentaries.

Founded on January 31, 2000 as Canal Z by Astral Media, the channel was rebranded to Ztélé in 2005 and was acquired by Bell Media in 2013, which by that point becoming aligned with English-language counterpart to Space (renamed to CTV Sci-Fi Channel in 2019), before renaming to its current name in 2014.

Specialty channel
A specialty channel (also known in the United States as a cable channel or cable network) can be a commercial broadcasting or non-commercial television channel which consists of television programming focused on a single genre, subject or targeted television market at a specific demographic.
Cross-country skiing at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's 4 × 10 kilometre relay
The men's 4 × 10 kilometre relay cross-country skiing competition at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada, was held on 24 February at Whistler Olympic Park at 11:15 PST.

Italy was the defending Olympic champion with the team of Fulvio Valbusa, Giorgio Di Centa, Pietro Piller Cottrer and Cristian Zorzi. Valbusa retired following the 2006 Winter Olympics. The defending world champions were the Norwegian team of Eldar Rønning, Odd-Bjørn Hjelmeset, Tore Ruud Hofstad and Petter Northug. The last World Cup competition for this event prior to the 2010 Games took place 22 November 2009 in Beitostoelen, Norway, and was won by the Norwegian team of Rønning, Martin Johnsrud Sundby, Ronny Hafsås and Northug.

Each team used four skiers, who competed over one 3.3 km circuit in classical and a second 3.3 km circuit in freestyle. The first two raced in the classical technique, and the final pair of skiers raced freestyle technique.

Giorgio Di Centa
Giorgio Di Centa (born 7 October 1972 in Tolmezzo, Province of Udine) is an Italian former cross-country skier who won two gold medals at the 2006 Winter Olympics, including the individual 50 km freestyle race. He is the younger brother of Olympic gold medalist, cross-country skier Manuela Di Centa.
Southern Legion of the Commonwealth of Poland
The Southern Legion of the Commonwealth of Poland was a volunteer military unit of Polish expatriates, that existed from 1846 to 1848. It was formed in Bessarabia Governorate, Russian Empire, with the intention in supporting the Polish resistance movements during the Kraków uprising of 1846, the Greater Poland uprising of 1846, and later, the Greater Poland uprising of 1848. However the unit never reached those conflicts. Instead, it served in the Moldavian Revolution of 1848, and the Wallachian Revolution of 1848, fighting on the side of the revolutionaries, against the Russian Empire. It ceased to exist in 1848, with Russian forces tracking it down, and destroying it.

Volunteer military
A volunteer military system or all-volunteer military system (AVMS) is a military service system that maintains the military only with applicants without conscription. A country may offer attractive pay and benefits through military recruitment to attract potential recruits. Many countries with volunteer militaries reserve the right to renew conscription in the event of an emergency.
The Indian Army is the world's largest standing volunteer army.

In recent decades, the trend among numerous countries has been to move from conscription to all-volunteer military forces. One significant example is in France, which has historically been the first to introduce modern conscription and whose model was followed by many other countries in Europe and elsewhere around the world.