hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Novoye Azmeyevo
Novoye Azmeyevo (Russian: Новое Азмеево; Bashkir: Яңы Әзмей, Yañı Äzmey) is a rural locality (a village) in Diyashevsky Selsoviet, Bakalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 77 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Bakalinsky District
Bakalinsky District (Russian: Бакали́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Баҡалы районы, Baqalı rayonı; Tatar: Бакалы районы, Baqalı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Ilishevsky District in the northeast, Chekmagushevsky District in the east, Sharansky District in the south, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 1,951 square kilometers (753 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Bakaly.  As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 28,776, with the population of Bakaly accounting for 33.3% of that number.
Prachi Deshpande
Prachi Deshpande (born 14 December 1972) is an Indian historian and Professor of History at the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta. In 2020, Deshpande received the Infosys Prize for Humanities – History for her extraordinarily nuanced and highly sophisticated treatment of South Asian historiography.

Infosys Prize
The Infosys Prize is an annual award granted to scientists, researchers, engineers and social scientists of Indian origin (not necessarily born in India) by the Infosys Science Foundation and ranks among the highest monetary awards for research in India. The prize for each category includes a gold medallion, a citation certificate, and prize money of US$100,000 (or equivalent in Indian Rupees). The prize purse is tax free for winners living in India. The winners are selected by the jury of their respective categories, headed by the jury chairs.

In 2008, the prize was jointly awarded by the Infosys Science Foundation and National Institute of Advanced Studies for mathematics. The following year, three additional categories were added: Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences and Social Sciences. In 2010, Engineering and Computer Science was added as a category. In 2012, a sixth category, Humanities, was added.
Fluocinolone/hydroquinone/tretinoin
The cream containing the drug combination fluocinolone acetonide/hydroquinone/tretinoin (trade name Tri-Luma) is used for the treatment of melasma (dark skin patches).It is marketed by Galderma. In China, this generic drug with the same ingredients is sold under the trade name "Fulimei® （孚立美®乳膏）" and exclusively manufactured and marketed by Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co., Ltd.（浙江孚诺药业股份有限公司）

Melasma
Melasma (also known as chloasma faciei: 854  or the mask of pregnancy when it occurs in pregnant women) is a common skin disorder characterized by tan, brown, or grayish hyperpigmented patches, usually on the face.

The exact cause of melasma is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of factors including ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, hormonal influences (such as pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy), genetics, and skin irritation.

Although melasma can affect anyone, it occurs more frequently in women, particularly those with darker skin types and those living in areas of intense sun exposure. It is considered a chronic and relapsing condition that may require ongoing management.
Mohammad Ali Hosseini
Mohammad-Ali Hosseini (Persian: محمد علی حسینی) is an Iranian diplomat and politician who was formerly the deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran. He was the Assistant to Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2017 until December 2019 and also vice minister of parliamentary affairs. he was formerly Ambassador of Islamic Republic of Iran to Pakistan.

Seyed Mohammad Ali Hosseini in an exclusive interview with IRNA in Islamabad said Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi’s visit is considered very important at this critical time because Iran and Pakistan as two main neighbors of Afghanistan have been exposed to the consequences of the 20-year occupation of the country by the United States and its Western allies.

With his efforts Pakistan and Iran Inaugurated the third border crossing point at Pishin Mand region in balochistan, The two countries inaugurated the Rimadan-Gabd border gateway in December last year, whereas the Taftan border has been operational for decades.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)
The minister of foreign affairs of Iran (Persian: وزیر امور خارجه ایران, romanized: Vazir Amor Kharjeh Iran) is the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran and a member of the Cabinet. The office is currently held by Abbas Araghchi since 2024.
Hippocampus slovenicus
Hippocampus slovenicus is an extinct species of seahorse found in 2005 in the coprolitic horizon of the Tunjice hills Lagerstätte in Slovenia along with remains of the related species Hippocampus sarmaticus. The horizon dates 13 million years back to the lower Sarmatian during the middle Miocene period, making the two species the earlier known seahorse fossils in the world. The remains consist mostly of juvenile specimens and of head and backbones of adults. H. slovenicus had a narrow head with a long snout about 50% HL with 11 trunk rings and a short tail 50% more of body with 25-26 tail rings and an extremely long dorsal fin base. Hippocampus slovenicus had numerous small black spots of pigment all over the body.

The animals are believed to have lived among seagrasses and macroalgae in the temperate shallow coastal waters of the western part of the central Paratethys.

Tunjice
Tunjice (pronounced [ˈtuːnjitsɛ]; German: Theinitz) is a dispersed settlement in the Tunjice Hills (Slovene: Tunjiško gričevje) west of the town of Kamnik in Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

In the forest close to the church a "natural healing grove" with several "energy springs," known as the Tunjice Natural Health Resort, has been established.
Skiba
Skiba is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksander Skiba (1945–2000), Polish volleyball player and coach

Bridgette Skiba (born 1999), American soccer player

Daniel Skiba (born 2000), Polish footballer

Galina Skiba (born 1984), Russian ice hockey player

Gerhard Skiba (1947–2019), Austrian politician

Henri Skiba (1927–2018), French football player

Jakub Skiba (born 1961), Polish civil servant and diplomat

Jeff Skiba (born 1984), American Paralympian athlete

Krzysztof Skiba (born 1964), Polish musician, songwriter, satirist, essayist and actor

Leszek Skiba (born 1978), Polish banker and politician

Matt Skiba (born 1976), American musician

Paige Skiba, American economist

Piotr Skiba (born 1982), Polish professional footballer

Russell Skiba, American educational psychologist

Witold Skiba, Polish theoretical physicist

Zuzanna Skiba, German artist

Jeff Skiba
Jeff Skiba (born April 28, 1984) is a police officer and a Paralympic athlete from the United States competing mainly in category P44 pentathlon events.

Jeff competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China.  There he won a gold medal in the men's high jump – P44 event, a silver medal in the men's pentathlon – P44 event, finished fifth in the men's javelin – F42/44 event, finished sixth in the men's discus throw – F44 event and finished ninth in the men's Long jump – F42/44 event
Adam Craig (runner)
Adam Craig (born 9 May 1995) is a British long-distance runner. In 2020, he competed in the men's race at the 2020 World Athletics Half Marathon Championships held in Gdynia, Poland.

In 2019, he competed in the men's event at the 2019 European 10,000m Cup held in London, United Kingdom.

2019 European 10,000m Cup
The 2019 European 10,000m Cup took place on 6 July 2019. The races took place on Parliament Hill Athletics Track in London, Great Britain. The event was held together with the annual Night of the 10,000m PB's meeting for the second successive year.
Cantref Reservoir
Cantref Reservoir is the middle of the three reservoirs in the Taff Fawr valley in Wales. It was built by Cardiff Corporation Waterworks between 1886 and 1892, but since 1973 has been owned by Welsh Water. It is located in the Brecon Beacons National Park, mostly in the Powys unitary authority area and within the historic county boundaries of Breconshire. Part of the south west corner is in the Rhondda Cynon Taff unitary authority area.

A public footpath crosses the dam and links with the Taff Trail and the Navvies Line paths.

Rights of way in England and Wales
In England and Wales, excluding the 12 Inner London boroughs and the City of London, the right of way is a legally protected right of the public to pass and re-pass on specific paths. Private rights of way or easements also exist.

The law in England and Wales differs from Scots law in that rights of way exist only where they are so designated (or are able to be designated if not already), whereas in Scotland any route that meets certain conditions is defined as a right of way, and in addition, there is a general presumption of access to the countryside (the "right to roam").
Alexander Zatonski
Flying Officer Alexander Roman Zatonski (1 November 1915 – MIA 6 December 1941) was an American pilot who flew with the Royal Air Force during the Battle of Britain in World War II. He was one of 11 American pilots who flew with RAF Fighter Command between 10 July and 31 October 1940, thereby qualifying for the Battle of Britain clasp to the 1939–45 campaign star. He was posted as missing on 6 December 1941 in north Africa.

Flying officer
Flying officer (Fg Off or F/O) is a junior officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the UK Royal Air Force. The rank is used by air forces of many countries that have historical British influence.

Flying officer is one rank above pilot officer and one below flight lieutenant.

It is equivalent to the rank of sub-lieutenant in the navy and lieutenant in other services.

The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force was "Section Officer" before this organisation adopted common ranks with male officers.
Royal Naval Amateur Radio Society
The Royal Naval Amateur Radio Society (RNARS) is a specialised group or club for amateur radio operators who have a link with maritime employment, such as members of a navy, merchant marine or similar employment. As such, RNARS has become a de facto international group for such people.

RNARS is well known for fostering amateur radio stations in museum ships. The best known in the UK is HMS Belfast.

RNARS is open to membership by people from "allied" nations. For instance, there are members in countries such as the United States and the  Netherlands, and a semi-autonomous national group in Australia that has stations in three museum ships: HMAS Vampire, HMAS Diamantina, and HMAS Castlemaine.

RNARS offers several certificates for amateurs and shortwave listeners (SWLs) who make contacts or copy transmissions by RNARS members. There is also a Morse code speed certificate.

HMAS Diamantina (K377)
HMAS Diamantina (K377/F377/A266/GOR266), named after the Diamantina River in Queensland, is a River-class frigate that served the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Constructed in the mid-1940s, Diamantina was active from 1945 until 1946, was placed in reserve, then was recommissioned as a survey ship from 1959 until 1980.

Following her second decommissioning, the frigate was preserved at the Queensland Maritime Museum as a museum ship. She was the last World War II-era frigate to leave RAN service, and of the 151 River-class frigates constructed for 19 navies worldwide, Diamantina is one of only two preserved as a museum ship.
1995 World Men's Handball Championship
The 1995 World Men's Handball Championship was the 14th team handball World Championship. It was held in Iceland between 7–21 May 1995. France won the championship. Games were played in Reykjavík, Hafnarfjörður, Akureyri and Kópavogur.

Kópavogur
Kópavogur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkʰouːpaˌvɔːɣʏr̥] ⓘ) is a town in Iceland that is the country's second-largest municipality by population.

It lies immediately south of Reykjavík and is part of the Capital Region. The name literally means seal pup inlet. The town seal contains the profile of the church Kópavogskirkja with a seal pup underneath.

Kópavogur is largely made up of residential areas, but has commercial areas and much industrial activity as well. The tallest building in Iceland, the Smáratorg Tower, is located in central Kópavogur.
Thalanyji language
Thalanyji (also spelt Dhalandji, Thalanyji, and other variations) and Binigura/Pinikura (also spelt Pinigura, Binnigoora, and other variations) are two closely related languages from the Pilbara region of Western Australia. They are part of the Kanyara subgroup of the Pama–Nyungan language family.

They are spoken by the Thalanyji and Pinikura peoples respectively. Both languages are thought to be extinct; there were six speakers of Thalanyji recorded in 2004/5, and ten speakers of Pinikura recorded in 1975, but none since in either language.

According to Peter Austin, Pinikura, Thalanyji, Payungu and Purdana "should probably be classified as belonging to the Kanyara subgroup".

Pilbara
The Pilbara (/ˈpɪlbərə/) is a large, dry, sparsely populated region in the north of Western Australia. It is known for its Aboriginal people, its geography, its red earth, and its vast mineral deposits, in particular iron ore. It is also a global biodiversity hotspot for subterranean fauna.
16th Primetime Emmy Awards
The 16th Emmy Awards, later known as the 16th Primetime Emmy Awards, were presented on May 25, 1964.  The ceremony was hosted by Joey Bishop and E. G. Marshall.  Winners are listed in bold and series' networks are in parentheses.

The top shows of the night were repeat winners. The Defenders won its third consecutive Drama Emmy, while The Dick Van Dyke Show won its second straight Comedy Emmy. The Dick Van Dyke Show tied the record (since broken) for most major category wins, with five.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series is an annual award given to the best television comedy series of the year. From 1960 to 1964, this category was combined with the Comedy Specials (one time programs) category so that both type of programs competed for the same award during those years. The award goes to the producers of the series.
Marshall Arnold
Marshall Arnold (October 21, 1845 – June 12, 1913) was a U.S. representative from Missouri.

Arnold was born at Cook Settlement, near Farmington, St. Francois County, Missouri. Arnold attended the common schools.
He was a professor at Arcadia College in 1870 and 1871.
Arnold was the deputy clerk of the circuit, county, and probate courts of St. Francois County, Missouri.
Arnold studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1872 and commenced practice in Commerce, Missouri.
Arnold served as the prosecuting attorney of Scott County in 1873–1876, and also served as a member of the Missouri State House of Representatives in 1877–1879.

Arnold was elected as a Democrat to the 52nd and 53rd Congresses (March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1895).
He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the 54th Congress.
He resumed the practice of law in Benton, Missouri, and died there on June 12, 1913.
Arnold was interred in Benton Cemetery.

54th United States Congress
The 54th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1895, to March 4, 1897, during the last two years of Grover Cleveland's second presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1890 United States census. The House had a Republican majority, and the Republicans were the largest party in the Senate.
Eastern Psychological Association
The Eastern Psychological Association (abbreviated EPA) is a professional organization for psychologists in the Eastern United States.  It holds annual meetings where members present their research findings to colleagues. Established in 1896, it is the oldest regional psychological organization in the United States.

Eastern United States
The Eastern United States, often abbreviated as simply the East, is a macroregion of the United States located to the east of the Mississippi River. It variably includes between 17 and 26 states and Washington, D.C., the national capital.

As of 2011, the Eastern United States had an estimated population exceeding 179 million, representing the majority (over 58 percent) of the total U.S. population.

The three most populous cities in the Eastern United States are New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia.
1910 Arizona football team
The 1910 Arizona football team was an American football team that represented the University of Arizona as an independent during the 1910 college football season. In its first season under head coach Frank Shipp, the team compiled a 5–0 record, shut our three of five opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 87 to 12. The team captain was Charles John Roletti.

1910 college football season
The 1910 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Harvard and Pittsburgh as having been retrospectively selected national champions, by four "major selectors" in about 1927, 1947, 1980 and 2003. Harvard claims a national championship for the 1910 season. Auburn also claims a national title based on a selection in Richard Billingsley's unrevised original math system.
LaSalle Street
LaSalle Street is a major north-south street in Chicago named for René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, a 17th century French explorer of the Illinois Country.  The portion that runs through the Chicago Loop is considered to be Chicago's financial district.

Rock Island District
The Rock Island District (RID or RI) is a Metra commuter rail line from Chicago, Illinois, southwest to Joliet. Metra does not refer to its lines by color, but the timetable accents for the Rock Island District line are "Rocket Red" in honor of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad's Rocket passenger trains.

Its Beverly Branch (also called the Suburban Branch or Suburban Line) branches to the west of the main line at 89th Street to make local stops in the communities of Washington Heights, Beverly, Morgan Park and Blue Island, before merging back onto the main line at Blue Island/Vermont Street station.
Knuthenborg Safaripark
Knuthenborg Safaripark is a safari park on the island of Lolland in the southeast of Denmark. It is located 5 km (3.1 mi) to the north of Maribo, near Bandholm. It is one of Lolland's major tourist attractions with over 300,000 visitors annually, and is the largest safari park in northern Europe. Among others, it houses a drive-through safari park, a monkey forest, large enclosures for Siberian tigers and African bush elephants, the Dinosaur Forest with full-scale models, the Museum of Evolution with fossils of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals, an arboretum, and the largest nature playground in Denmark. Knuthenborg covers a total of 660 hectares (1,600 acres), including the 400-hectare (990-acre) Safaripark. The park is viewable on Google Street View.

Maribo
Maribo is a town in Lolland Municipality in Region Sjælland on the island of Lolland in south Denmark. It was the municipal seat of the former Maribo Municipality, until 1 January 2007, and then it became the seat of the current Lolland Municipality.

The merchant town of Maribo is located centrally on Lolland. Its population is 5,786 (1 January 2025). It has, among other facilities, a gymnasium (Secondary school), a public international school, an open-air museum and a cultural heritage museum.

A brewery, "Maribo Bryghus" used to be located in the town, but it was closed down in 2008 by its owner, Unibrew. Beer labeled "Maribo Øl" is still available, but it is brewed elsewhere.
2009–10 Lithuanian Football Cup
The 2009–10 Lithuanian Football Cup is the 21st season of the Lithuanian annual football knock-out tournament. The competition started around 28 May 2009 with the matches of the First Round and will end in May 2010 with the Final. FK Sūduva are the defending champions.

The winner of this competition earned a place in the second qualifying round of the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League.

FK Sūduva
FK Sūduva is a Lithuanian professional football club based in the city of Marijampolė. Founded in 1942, the club competes in the TOPLYGA, the top flight of Lithuanian football.

The club has been playing in the A Lyga since 2002. In 2006, the club won its first trophy – the Lithuanian Cup, a feat they repeated in 2009. In 2017, Sūduva won the A Lyga for the first time in its history, and repeated the triumph in 2018 and 2019.

The team's colours are white and red. The club plays at Marijampolė Arena in Marijampolė (capacity 6,250).
Kushner equation
In filtering theory the Kushner equation (after Harold Kushner) is an equation for the conditional probability density of the state of a stochastic non-linear dynamical system, given noisy measurements of the state.  It therefore provides the solution of the nonlinear filtering problem in estimation theory. The equation is sometimes referred to as the Stratonovich–Kushner (or Kushner–Stratonovich) equation. However, the correct equation in terms of Itō calculus was first derived by Kushner although a more heuristic Stratonovich version of it appeared already in Stratonovich's works in late fifties. However, the derivation in terms of Itō calculus is due to Richard Bucy.

Estimation theory
Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component.  The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data. An estimator attempts to approximate the unknown parameters using the measurements.
In estimation theory, two approaches are generally considered:

The probabilistic approach (described in this article) assumes that the measured data is random with a probability distribution dependent on the parameters of interest

The set-membership approach assumes that the measured data vector belongs to a set which depends on the parameter vector.
Wonder Drug (song)
"Wonder Drug" is a song by Australian rapper Allday, released on 9 November 2018 as the lead single from the Allday's third studio album Starry Night Over the Phone. The single was certified gold in Australia in 2021.

The song was co-written with Australian producers Max Byrne (aka Golden Vessel) and Simon Lam (of Kllo). Allday told Triple J, "I met Max through Mallrat, She knows everybody, we became pals and made some songs together." Additionally Lam, "did all the executive production because he has a similar sensibility to me to what sounds cool."

Mallrat
Grace Kathleen Elizabeth Shaw (born 25 September 1998), known professionally as Mallrat, is an Australian musician, singer, and rapper from Brisbane. Mallrat has released three EPs: Uninvited (2016), In the Sky (2018) and Driving Music (2019). She also released her full-length debut studio album titled Butterfly Blue (2022), followed by her ARIA charting sophomore album Light hit my face like a straight right (2025).
In 2019, her tracks "Groceries" and "UFO" placed at number 7 and 70, respectively, in the 2018 Triple J Hottest 100, in 2020, "Charlie" and "Nobody's Home" placed at number 3 and 59, respectively, in the 2019 Triple J Hottest 100 and in 2021, "Rockstar" placed 13 in the 2020 Triple J Hottest 100.