hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patilla Pata
Patilla Pata is a stratovolcano in the Oruro Department in Bolivia. It is situated in the Sajama Province, in the west of the Curahuara de Carangas Municipality, at the border with Chile. Patilla Pata lies south-west of the mountain Jisk'a Kunturiri, north-east of the lake Q'asiri Quta (Khasiri Kkota) and the mountain Qullqi Warani, west of the little lake Sura Pata, south-east of the mountains Laram Q'awa, Kunturiri and Milluni and south of the little lake named Ch'iyar Quta.

The river Junt'uma K'uchu (Aymara junt'u warm, hot, uma water, k'uchu corner, "warm water corner", Junthuma Khuchu) originates south of Patilla Pata. It flows to the south-east as a right affluent of the Sajama River.

The date of its last eruption is unclear, but it is unlikely to be during the Holocene as the mountain is heavily glaciated. The composition of the volcano is largely andesitic, but there are also a number of basaltic lava flows.

Laram Q'awa (Charaña)
Laram Q'awa (Aymara larama blue, q'awa little river, ditch, crevice, fissure, gap in the earth, "blue brook" or "blue ravine", Hispanicized spellings Laram Khaua, Larancagua) is a 5,182-metre-high (17,001 ft) mountain in the Andes. According to the Bolivian IGM map 1:50,000 'Nevados Payachata  Hoja 5739-I' it is situated on Bolivian terrain in the La Paz Department, Pacajes Province (Charaña Municipality), at the border with Chile. It lies north-west of the mountains Kunturiri, Phaq'u Q'awa and another mountain on the border named Laram Q'awa (Laram Khaua). One of three different rivers of this area called Kunturiri (Condoriri) originates north-east of the mountain near Phaq'u Q'awa. It flows in a bow along the northern slopes of Laram Q'awa towards Chile.
Boling Independent School District
Boling Independent School District is a public school district based in the community of Boling, Texas in the United States.  Located in Wharton County, The district spans 147 square miles (380Km), a small portion of the district extends into Matagorda County.

Wharton County, Texas
Wharton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 41,570. Its county seat is Wharton. The county was named for brothers William Harris Wharton and John Austin Wharton.

Wharton County comprises the El Campo, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Houston-The Woodlands, TX Combined Statistical Area.
Oliver Ruhnert
Oliver Ruhnert (born 18 November 1971) is a German football referee, as well as former football coach and sporting director. He is also a politician affiliated with the Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW).

FC Iserlohn 46/49
FC Iserlohn 46/49 is a German association football club from the city of Iserlohn, North Rhine-Westphalia, formed in 2012 from the merger of SF Oestrich-Iserlohn founded in 1949 and TuS Iserlohn which was established in 1846 as a gymnastics club and did not have a football section until 1947.
Reverse diffusion
Reverse diffusion refers to a situation where the transport of particles (atoms or molecules) in a medium occurs towards regions of higher concentration gradients, opposite to that observed during diffusion. This phenomenon occurs during phase separation and is described by the Cahn–Hilliard equation. Reverse diffusion also refers to when water is forced from a region of lower concentration to high. It can occur in osmosis.

Phase (matter)
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is a different material, in its own separate phase. (See state of matter § Glass.)

More precisely, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.: 86 : 3  Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition.

The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (as where oil and water separate into distinct phases, both in the liquid state).
Luo Xiang
Luo Xiang (Chinese: 罗翔; born 1977) is a Chinese jurist. He serves as professor of law and director of the Institute of Criminal Law at the China University of Political Science and Law. He is also a lawyer with his field of study centered on criminal justice and sex crimes. He is best known for his tutorials with humorous analogies and thorough interpretations on the National Legal Examination going viral on social medias including Bilibili, where he receives pervasive critical acclaim among the younger generation.

In December 2020, Luo Xiang was nominated as "person of the year in rule of law" by China Central Television, for his endeavors in conveying spirits of the law to the general public in China.

Luo Xiang is experienced in the National Judicial Examination. He participated several times in setting examination questions for the Central College for Judicial Officers of the Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China.

National Unified Legal Professional Qualification Examination
The National Unified Legal Professional Qualification Examination (国家统一法律职业资格考试), commonly abbreviated as Legal Exam, is the national bar examination of the People's Republic of China. This examination is administered by the Ministry of Justice. According to the law, those who serve as judges, prosecutors, lawyers, notaries, legal advisors, legal arbitrators, and those in government departments who are engaged in the review of administrative penalty decisions, administrative reconsideration, and administrative rulings are required to pass the legal professional qualification examination.

Since the exam was established and first administered in 2018, the annual pass rate has remained at 10% to 15%. Before the 2018 legal examination reform, the examination was known as the National Judicial Examination (国家司法考试), which was administered annually from 2002 to 2017.
Brockton McKinney
Brockton McKinney is an American comic book writer, short story author, and horror film director & screenwriter. McKinney is known for writing the comic book series' Rick and Morty, Gingerdead Man, Ehmm Theory, and Amerikarate (comic book), and the films Evil Bong 666, Evil Bong 777, and Puppet Master for Full Moon Features, as well as being a contributing writer for Mad Magazine.

Puppet Master (film series)
Puppet Master is an American horror media franchise which focuses on a group of anthropomorphic puppets animated by an Egyptian spell, each equipped with its own unique and dangerous device and are represented as heroes, antiheroes and antagonists. The franchise was created by Charles Band and Kenneth J. Hall. The series consists of 15 films: 11 in the main series, one crossover film, two spin-offs, and a reboot.

Produced by Full Moon Features, the series was established in 1989 with the eponymous first installment, which has since been followed by five sequels, five prequels, a crossover with the characters of Demonic Toys, a spin-off film about the puppet Blade, a spin-off film about Retro Puppet Master's Doktor Death, a 2018 reboot entitled The Littlest Reich, two comic book mini-series, an ongoing comic book series, and a free-to-play multiplayer video game by October Games.
Elisabeth Knechtl
Elisabeth Knechtl (born 21 June 1971) is an Austrian épée fencer. She earned a bronze medal at the 1991 Junior World Championships and a silver medal at the 1992 European Championships. She won the 1992–93 Fencing World Cup series by a single point over Switzerland's Gianna Bürki.

Fencing World Cup
The Fencing World Cup is an international fencing competition held by the International Fencing Federation. In each weapon (Men's and Women's Épée, Sabre and Foil), three Grand Prix, five World Cup events and several satellite events are contested each season. The five top results as well as the Olympic Games or World Fencing Championships and zonal championships results are taken into account for each fencer's rankings. For teams, up to five World Cup events are held each year. The four top results as well as the Olympic Games or World Fencing Championships and zonal championships are taken into account for each country's rankings.
Bundesstraße 11
The Bundesstraße 11 (abbr. B11)  is a German federal highway. It leads from the Czech border near Bayerisch Eisenstein past Deggendorf, Landshut and Munich to Krün near Garmisch-Partenkirchen, where it connects to the Bundesstraße 2. It is the first regional federal highway in the German federal highway numbering system.

Between Deggendorf and Ergolding, the Bundesstraße 11 has been replaced by the Bundesautobahn 92. Northward, the road originally went over the Ruselabsatz, a 855-metre-high (2,805 ft) mountain pass. This strip of road was characterized by steep ascents and in winter the road was often impassable, especially for trucks. Due to this, the road has been rerouted to the west, where it is passable all year round.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) above sea level.

The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions.
Beat detection
In signal analysis, beat detection is using computer software or computer hardware to detect the beat of a musical score. There are many methods available and beat detection is always a tradeoff between accuracy and speed. Beat detectors are common in music visualization software such as some media player plugins. The algorithms used may utilize simple statistical models based on sound energy or may involve sophisticated comb filter networks or other means. They may be fast enough to run in real time or may be so slow as to only be able to analyze short sections of songs.

Sound energy
Sound energy is the energy carried by longitudinal mechanical waves in elastic media. The energy is periodically converted between kinetic energy and elastic potential energy of material points during the course of the wave's propagation. Only those waves that have a frequency of 20 Hz to 20 kHz are audible to humans. However, this range is an average and will slightly change from individual to individual. Sound waves that have frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasonic waves and those above 20 kHz are called ultrasonic waves.

Consequently, the sound energy in a volume of interest is defined as the sum of the potential and kinetic energy densities integrated over that volume:

where

V is the volume of interest;

p is the sound pressure;

v is the particle velocity;

ρ0 is the density of the medium without sound present;

ρ is the local density of the medium; and

c is the speed of sound.
Vegaphobia
Vegaphobia, vegephobia, veganphobia, or veganophobia is an aversion to, or dislike of, vegetarians and vegans. The term first appeared in the 2010s, coinciding with the rise in veganism in the late 2010s. Several studies have found an incidence of vegaphobic sentiments in the general population. Positive feelings regarding vegetarians and vegans also exist. Because of their diet, others may perceive them as more virtuous or principled.

William Sitwell
William Ronald Sacheverell Sitwell DL  (born 2 October 1969) is a member of the British Sitwell family.  He is an editor, writer and broadcaster, restaurant critic for The Daily Telegraph and former editor of Waitrose Food.
Dan Sperber
Dan Sperber (born 20 June 1942 in Cagnes-sur-Mer) is a French social and cognitive scientist, anthropologist and philosopher. His most influential work has been in the fields of cognitive anthropology, linguistic pragmatics, psychology of reasoning, and philosophy of the social sciences. He has developed: an approach to cultural evolution known as the epidemiology of representations or cultural attraction theory as part of a naturalistic reconceptualization of the social; (with British philosopher and linguist Deirdre Wilson) relevance theory; (with French psychologist Hugo Mercier) the argumentative theory of reasoning. Sperber formerly Directeur de Recherche at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique is Professor in the Departments of Cognitive Science and of Philosophy at the Central European University in Budapest.

Cagnes-sur-Mer
Cagnes-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [kaɲ syʁ mɛʁ], literally Cagnes on Sea; Occitan: Canha de Mar) is a French Riviera town near Nice that is in the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeastern France.
Armin Tuulse
Armin Tuulse (born Armin Neumann; 1 October 1907 – 9 December 1977) was an Estonian-Swedish art historian whose research focused on medieval architecture, particularly fortifications, castles, and churches in the Baltic and Nordic countries. He became the first ethnic Estonian to hold the professorship of art history at the University of Tartu (1942–1944). In Sweden, he later held the Anders Zorn Professorship in Nordic and Comparative Art History at Stockholm University.

Anders Zorn
Anders Leonard Zorn (18 February 1860 – 22 August 1920) was a Swedish artist who attained international success as a painter, sculptor, and etching artist. His portrait subjects include King Oscar II of Sweden and three American Presidents: Grover Cleveland, William H. Taft, and Theodore Roosevelt. At the end of his life in 1920, he established the Swedish literary Bellman Prize.
HMS Lightning (1876)
HMS Lightning was a torpedo boat, built by John Thornycroft at Church Wharf in Chiswick for the Royal Navy, which entered service in 1876 and was the first seagoing vessel to be armed with self-propelled Whitehead torpedoes. She was later renamed Torpedo Boat No. 1.

As originally built, Lightning had two drop collars to launch torpedoes; these were replaced in 1879 by a single torpedo tube in the bow. She also carried two reload torpedoes amidships.

The boat appeared at the Naval Review at Spithead of August 1878. The Queen recorded in her Journal that she was impressed by the 2 torpedo boats, Vesuvius & Lightning, which rushed about at the rate of 20 Knots an hour.
The Lightning spent her life as a tender to the torpedo school HMS Vernon at Portsmouth and was used for some experiments. She was broken up in 1896.

Whitehead torpedo
The Whitehead torpedo was the first self-propelled or "locomotive" torpedo ever developed.  It was perfected in 1866 by British engineer Robert Whitehead from a rough design conceived by Giovanni Luppis of the Austro-Hungarian Navy in Fiume. It was driven by a three-cylinder compressed-air engine invented, designed, and made by Peter Brotherhood. Many naval services procured the Whitehead torpedo during the 1870s, including the US Navy. This early torpedo proved itself in combat during the Russo-Turkish War when, on 16 January 1878, the Ottoman ship Intibah was sunk by Russian torpedo boats carrying Whiteheads, though this story has been disputed in one book.

The term "torpedo" comes from the torpedo fish, which is a type of ray that delivers an electric shock to stun its prey.
Rhynchephestia
Rhynchephestia is a monotypic moth genus of the family Pyralidae described by George Hampson in 1930. Its single species, Rhynchephestia rhabdotis, described by the same author in the same year, is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Maui.

Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between 9 and 37 mm (0.35 and 1.46 in) with variable morphological features.

It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae.
Projeto TAMAR
The Projeto TAMAR (Portuguese for TAMAR Project, with TAMAR being an abbreviation of Tartarugas Marinhas, the Sea Turtles) is a Brazilian  non-profit organization owned by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. The main objective of the project is to protect sea turtles from extinction in the Brazilian coastline.

Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation
The Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (Portuguese: Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, ICMBio) is a government agency under the administration of the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment. It is named after the environmental activist Chico Mendes. Its function is to protect, manage, and administrate protected areas within the country's territory. ICMBio is headquartered in Brasília.
Schoeman Park Open
The Schoeman Park Open (/ˈskuːmən/) was a golf tournament on the Southern Africa Tour. The inaugural event was played in 1970 and joined the tour schedule in December 1971, being played to the 1973/1974 season. It was held in February or March, except that the 1971/1972 event was held in December. The event was held at Schoeman Park Golf Club in Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Sunshine Tour
The Sunshine Tour is a men's professional golf tour based in Southern and East Africa. For much of its early history it was known either as the Southern Africa Tour or Sunshine Circuit; through sponsorship deals, it has also been known as the FNB Tour and the Vodacom Tour. For the 2000–01 season the tour rebranded itself as the Sunshine Tour in an attempt to broaden its appeal. A large majority of the tour events are still staged in South Africa.
Earle Thomas
William Earle Thomas  more commonly known as Earle Thomas is a soccer player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Thomas' clubs included Hamilton, University-Mount Wellington, Eastern Suburbs AFC, and Blockhouse Bay.

Uni-Mount Bohemian AFC
Uni-Mount Bohemian Association Football Club (formerly known as University-Mount Wellington) is an association football club in Auckland, New Zealand. It was formed from the amalgamation of University AFC and Mount Wellington AFC. The team play at Bill McKinlay Park, Panmure, Auckland.
Kapitanivka, Kirovohrad Oblast
Kapitanivka (Ukrainian: Капітанівка; Russian: Капитановка) is a rural settlement in Novoukrainka Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine. It is located on the banks of the Rozlyvna, a tributary of the Velyka Vys, in the drainage basin of the Southern Bug, at the border with Cherkasy Oblast. Kapitanivka belongs to Novomyrhorod urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,430 (2022 estimate).

Kirovohrad Oblast
Kirovohrad Oblast (Ukrainian: Кіровоградська область, romanized: Kirovohradska oblast), also known as Kirovohradshchyna (Ukrainian: Кіровоградщина), is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Kropyvnytskyi. The oblast's population is 903,712 (2022 estimate). It is Ukraine's second least populated oblast, ahead of Chernivtsi.

In 2019, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine approved the change of the oblast's name to Kropyvnytskyi Oblast (Ukrainian: Кропивницька область, romanized: Kropyvnytska oblast, unofficially Kropyvnychchyna (Ukrainian: Кропивниччина)). The change is not yet implemented. The largest cities of the region are Kropyvnytskyi, Oleksandriia, Znamianka and Svitlovodsk.
Sergiyevskoye, Republic of Adygea
Sergiyevskoye (Russian: Сергиевское; Adyghe: Сергиевскэр) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sergiyevskoye Rural Settlement of Giaginsky District, Adygea, Russia. The population of this village was 1,358 as of 2018. There are 28 streets.

Giaginsky District
Giaginsky District (Russian: Гиаги́нский райо́н, romanized: Giaginsky rayon; Adyghe: Джэджэ къедзыгъо, romanized: Ǯʼăǯʼă qedzəġo) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the seven in the Republic of Adygea, Russia. It is located in the northern central portion of the republic and borders with Shovgenovsky District in the north, Koshekhablsky District in the east and northeast, Mostovsky District of Krasnodar Krai in the southeast, Maykopsky District in the south, and with Belorechensky District of Krasnodar Krai in the west. The area of the district is 756.54 square kilometers (292.10 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a stanitsa) of Giaginskaya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,766, with the population of Giaginskaya accounting for 44.5% of that number.
Cwmcarvan
Cwmcarvan (Welsh: Cwmcarfan) is a small rural village in Monmouthshire, south east Wales.  It is located 4 miles south west of Monmouth and about 4 miles east of Raglan, off the old A40 road two miles NW of Trellech.

A40 road
The A40 is a road which runs between London and Goodwick (Fishguard), in Wales. It is approximately 260 miles (420 km) long. The eastern section from Denham, Buckinghamshire to Wheatley, Oxfordshire is better served by the M40 and its former function of linking London with Cheltenham and Gloucester has been taken by the M4, A419 and A417 via Swindon.

In 1937, together with the A48 road, it formed parts of the London–Fishguard trunk road, as well as a part of the Newport–Shrewsbury trunk road. Much of the A40's length within England has been superseded by motorways, such as the M40, and has lost its trunk road status, though it retains the status west of Gloucester and its entirety within Wales.
Roger de Kirton
Roger de Kirton (died 7 December 1383) (alias de Kirketon / Roger de Meres / Meeres) of Kirton Meres in Lincolnshire, was a King's Sergeant 1367, and a Justice of the Common Pleas (27 November 1371 – 1380). Arms: Gules, a fess between three water bougets ermine, as shown in a stained glass window (c.1570) formerly at Beaupré Hall in Norfolk, now in the Victoria and Albert Museum.

Ermine (heraldry)
Ermine (/ˈɜːrmɪn/) in heraldry is a fur, a type of tincture, consisting of a white background with a pattern of black shapes representing the winter coat of the stoat (a species of weasel with white fur and a black-tipped tail). The linings of medieval coronation cloaks and some other garments, usually reserved for use by high-ranking peers and royalty, were made by sewing many ermine furs together to produce a luxurious white fur with patterns of hanging black-tipped tails. Due largely to the association of the ermine fur with the linings of coronation cloaks, crowns and peerage caps, the heraldic tincture of ermine was usually reserved to similar applications in heraldry (i.e., the linings of crowns and chapeaux and of the royal canopy). In heraldry it has become especially associated with the Duchy of Brittany and Breton heraldry.