hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gurmukh Singh Musafir
Gurmukh Singh Musafir (15 January 1899 – 18 January 1976) was an Indian politician and Punjabi language writer. He was the 5th Chief Minister of Punjab from 1 November 1966 to 8 March 1967.

He was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award in Punjabi, given by Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters in 1978 for his short story collection, Urvar Par and was posthumously decorated with Padma Vibhushan, the second highest Indian civilian award given by Government of India.

Sahitya Akademi Award
The Sahitya Akademi Award  is a literary  honour in India,  which the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 languages of the 8th Schedule to the Indian constitution as well as in English and Rajasthani language.

Established in 1954, the award comprises a plaque and a cash prize of ₹ 100,000. The award's purpose is to recognise and promote excellence in Indian writing and acknowledge new trends. The annual process of selecting awardees runs for the preceding 12 months. The plaque awarded by the Sahitya Akademi was designed by the Indian filmmaker Satyajit Ray. Prior to this, the plaque occasionally was made of marble, but this practice was discontinued because of its excessive weight. During the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, the plaque was substituted with national savings bonds.
Delia Fiallo
Delia Fiallo (4 July 1924 – 29 June 2021) was a Cuban author and screenwriter who lived in Miami, Florida. She was born in Havana, Cuba and raised in Pinar Del Rio, Cuba. She was one of the most distinguished representatives of the contemporary romance novel, dabbling in various genres which appeared in her literary output.

Due to the contributions she made to the rise of the melodrama genre in the late 1970s and mid–1980s, she is considered to be the "mother of the Latin American telenovela". By the late 1980s, her shows had over 100 millions viewers combined.

Osvaldo Ríos
Osvaldo Ríos Alonso (born October 25, 1960, in Carolina, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican actor, model, singer, and guitarist, who is best known for his roles in telenovelas.  He has appeared in several soap operas, including Abrazame muy Fuerte,  Kassandra and the 1996 version of La Viuda de Blanco.
Adriana Ventura
Adriana Miguel Ventura (born 6 March 1969) is a Brazilian politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2019. She has been a professor of management and entrepreneurship at the Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo since 2005.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Visions (book)
Visions: How Science Will Revolutionize the 21st Century is a popular science book by Michio Kaku first published in 1997. In Visions, Kaku examines the great scientific revolutions that have dramatically reshaped the twentieth century, namely quantum mechanics, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence and shows how they will change and alter science and the way we live.

Popular science
Popular science (also called pop-science or popsci) is an interpretation of science intended for a general audience. It is presented in many forms, including books, film and television documentaries, magazine articles, and web pages.

It may be written by scientists themselves or by professional journalists. While science journalism focuses on recent scientific developments, popular science is more broad ranging.
Tony Randolph
Tony Randolph (born April 1, 1966) is an American politician serving as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from the 35th district. He assumed office in 2019. Randolph is the only African American member of the South Dakota Legislature.

South Dakota House of Representatives
The South Dakota House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Dakota Legislature. It consists of 70 members, two from each legislative district. Two of the state's 35 legislative districts, Districts 26 and 28, are each subdivided into two single-member districts (26A/26B and 28A/28B). The South Dakota House of Representatives meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.
Japanese destroyer Harusame
Four Japanese destroyers have borne the name Harusame:

Japanese destroyer Harusame (1902) was a Harusame-class destroyer launched in 1902 and wrecked in 1911.

Japanese destroyer Harusame (1935) was a Shiratsuyu-class destroyer launched in 1935 and sunk  in 1944.

JDS Harusame (DD-109) was a Murasame-class destroyer launched in 1959 and stricken in 1989.

JS Harusame is a Murasame-class destroyer launched in 1995.

Murasame-class destroyer (1958)
The Murasame-class destroyer was a destroyer class built for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) in the late 1950s as a successor to the Ayanami-class destroyers. Like its predecessor, its main task was anti-submarine warfare, but its improved weaponry also enabled it to perform better in the anti-air role, so this class was classified as "DDA" (anti-air destroyer or all purpose destroyer) unofficially.
Saga International Balloon Fiesta
The Saga International Balloon Fiesta (佐賀インターナショナルバルーンフェスタ, Saga Intānashonaru Barūn Fesuta) is held at the beginning of November every year in Saga Prefecture, Japan. In 2014 it took place between October 30 and November 3.

The fiesta is held just outside Saga City, along the Kase River. It has grown from a gathering of 5 hot air balloons to a competition where over 3500 people volunteer, and has gained a reputation as one of the top ballooning competitions in the world. It is also a popular time for tourists as the Karatsu Kunchi Festival is held at the same time in Karatsu. Since 1980 the launch site has been visited by over 10 million spectators.

For the duration of the event, a temporary JR station (Balloon Saga Station) ferries passengers between Saga City and Kubota.

Kyushu Railway Company
The Kyushu Railway Company, also referred to as JR Kyushu (JR九州, Jeiāru Kyūshū), is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates intercity rail services within Kyushu, Japan. It formerly operated the Beetle hydrofoil service across the Tsushima Strait between Fukuoka and Busan, South Korea, before its discontinuation in 2024. It also operates hotels, restaurants, and drugstores across its service region. JR Kyushu's headquarters are in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka.
Begonia adscendens
Begonia adscendens is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Begoniaceae. It is native to wet shady subtropical forests in Nagaland and Manipur in India, and it may be found in similar habitats in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and northern Southeast Asia. A tuberous geophyte reaching 50 cm (20 in), it is typically found growing in sandy soil or on rocks. After its collection by Charles Baron Clarke from the area of Mount Japfü in the Naga Hills in 1889, it was not collected in the wild again for 116 years.

Naga Hills
The Naga Hills, reaching a height of around 3,826 metres (12,552 ft), lie prominently on the border of India and Myanmar. They are part of a complex mountain system, and the parts of the mountain ranges inside the Indian states of Nagaland, Manipur and the Burmese Naga Self-Administered Zone are called the Naga Hills. The highest point of the Naga hills is Mount Saramati (3,826 m (12,552 ft)).
State Highway 115 (Tamil Nadu)
Tamil Nadu State Highway 115 (SH-115) connects Cheyyur with Polur. The total length of SH-115 is 105 km.

SH-115 Route: Odiyur (On East Coast Road) - Cheyyur - Melmaruvathur - Vandavasi - Chettupattu - Devikapuram - Polur

Chetpet
Chetpet is a major town panchayat in Tiruvannamalai district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Chetpet's major economical activity is processing paddy and the town is home to one of the largest organised paddy exchange markets of the state. Chetpet is one of the very few places of German colonisation in Indian history. A village called Nedungunam nearby has one of the Famous temples of Lord Rama. The temple is very famous and called Sri Yoga Rama temple.
Leader of the Opposition (Spain)
The leader of the opposition (Spanish: Líder de la oposición) is an unofficial, mostly conventional and honorary title frequently (but not exclusively) held by the leader of the largest party in the Congress of Deputies—the lower house of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales—not within the government. They are usually the person who is expected to lead that party into the next general election.

From 31 October 2016 to 18 June 2017, the title was disputed between the two largest parties in the left, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and Podemos. The position was left nominally vacant after Mariano Rajoy's government was ousted in a motion of no confidence on 2 June 2018, until the election of Pablo Casado as new PP leader. From 23 February 2022, the position was again left vacant following the ousting of Casado by most of the leading members of his party, led by Galician and Madrilenian presidents Alberto Núñez Feijóo and Isabel Díaz Ayuso.

Antonio Hernández Mancha
Antonio Hernández Mancha (born 1 April 1951 in Guareña, Badajoz) is a former Spanish politician and president of the People's Alliance political party from 1987 to 1989. He is married and has two children.
Prem Nath
Premnath Malhotra, better known as Prem Nath (21 November 1926 – 3 November 1992) was an Indian actor and director, who was best known for his works in Hindi films. Nath made his debut with the film Ajit (1948), and went on to appear in over 100 films throughout his career. He was nominated for three Filmfare Awards, and later retired in 1985.

Samundar
Samundar is a 1986 Indian romantic action film directed by Rahul Rawail and produced by Mushir Riaz. The movie stars Sunny Deol, Poonam Dhillon, Anupam Kher, Amrish Puri, Roshni and Paresh Rawal in lead roles.
Joe Balsis
Joseph (Joe) Balsis (born 1921, Minersville, Pennsylvania, died January 2, 1995, Minersville), nicknamed "the Meatman", was an American professional pool player, who was inducted into the Billiard Congress of America's Hall of Fame in 1982.

Johnston City, Illinois
Johnston City is a city in Williamson County, Illinois, United States. The population was 3,348 at the 2020 census. This was a center of coal mining in the early 20th century, having a peak of population in the 1920s. The mining jobs attracted many immigrants from Europe.
Latasha
Latasha, LaTasha or La Tasha is a feminine given name, an English-language variant of Slavic Natasha, meaning 'Christmas Day'. It is often found among African Americans. Notable people with the given name include:

Latasha Byears (born 1973), American basketball player

LaTasha Colander (born 1976), American track and field sprinter

Tasha Steelz (real name Latasha Harris; born 1988), American professional wrestler

LaTasha Jenkins (born 1977), American track and field sprinter

Latasha Khan (born 1973), American squash player

Tasha Marbury (real name LaTasha Marbury; born 1976), American reality show personality

Latasha Ngwube (born 1983), Nigerian journalist, media personality and advocate

MC Trouble (real name LaTasha Rogers; 1970–1991), American rapper

Tasha Taylor (real name La Tasha Taylor), American vocalist, songwriter and actress

Latasha Thomas (born 1965), American politician

Latasha Thomas
Latasha R. Thomas (born May 2, 1965) is an American politician and former alderman of the 17th Ward of the City of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Thomas was appointed to the position of alderman by Mayor Richard M. Daley in 2000, subsequently elected outright in a 2001 special election, and was re-elected in 2003, 2007, and 2011. During her tenure as alderman, Thomas worked to get many of the schools within her ward renovated. In the fall of 2014, Thomas announced that she would not seek re-election in 2015 as alderman, following the announcement that a former employee would run in her place.
Vintage Ultralight SR-1 Hornet
The Vintage Ultralight SR-1 Hornet is an American homebuilt aircraft produced by the Vintage Ultralight and Lightplane Association of Marietta, Georgia, introduced in the early 1980s. The aircraft was supplied in the form of plans for amateur construction, although plans are no longer available.

Bracing (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, bracing comprises structural members which stiffen the functional airframe to give it rigidity and strength under load. Bracing may be applied both internally and externally, and may take the form of struts, which act in compression or tension as the need arises, and/or wires, which act only in tension.

In general, bracing allows a stronger, lighter structure than one which is unbraced, but external bracing adds drag which slows down the aircraft and raises considerably more design issues than internal bracing. Another disadvantage of bracing wires is that they require routine checking and adjustment, or rigging, even when located internally.

During the early years of aviation, bracing was a universal feature of aeroplanes, including monoplanes and biplanes, which were then equally common. Bracing in the form of lift struts remains in use for some light commercial designs where a high wing and light weight are more important than ultimate performance.
Ron McDonald
Ron McDonald (12 August 1933 – 11 September 2000) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

A strong marking key position player from Murtoa, McDonald was a consistent performer in six seasons at Richmond. He started out strongly with two goals on debut and after going goal-less the following week, kicked four successive hauls of four goals. When not at centre half forward, he was used either as a ruckman or centre half back. He represented the VFL at the 1958 Melbourne Carnival and was Richmond's joint top vote getter in the 1959 Brownlow Medal count.

McDonald transferred to Wangaratta with his work in the bank and played with Wangaratta from 1961 to 1963, winning their goal kicking in 1961 and 1962. McDonald played centre half forward, kicking five goals against Benalla in their 1961 Ovens & Murray Football League premiership.

Wangaratta Football Club
The Wangaratta Magpies Football Club, officially known as the Wangaratta Magpies Football & Netball Club, is an Australian rules football club, which first played in the Ovens and Murray Football League in 1893 and is based in Wangaratta, Victoria at the Wangaratta Showgrounds and play on the Norm Minns Oval.
Historiography of German resistance to Nazism
Historiographical debates on the subject on Widerstand have often featured intense arguments about the nature, extent and effectiveness of resistance in the Third Reich. In particular, debate has focused around what to define as Widerstand (resistance).

Hans Mommsen
Hans Mommsen (5 November 1930 – 5 November 2015) was a German historian, known for his studies in German social history, for his functionalist interpretation of the Third Reich, and especially for arguing that Adolf Hitler was a weak dictator. Descended from Nobel Prize-winning historian Theodor Mommsen, he was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.
Puustinen
Puustinen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jami Puustinen (born 1987), Finnish footballer

Juuso Puustinen (born 1988), Finnish ice hockey player

Risto Puustinen (born 1959), Finnish football manager and former footballer

Sanna Puustinen (born 1988), Finnish curler

Timo Puustinen (born 1979), Finnish film director

Valtteri Puustinen (born 1999), Finnish ice hockey player

Risto Puustinen
Risto Puustinen (born 28 September 1959) is a Finnish football manager and a former footballer. He is currently the head coach of Musan Salama.

Puustinen played five seasons in the Finnish premier division Mestaruussarja for PPT Pori and HJK Helsinki from 1984 to 1988. He capped 11 times for the Finland national team.
Abdusalam H. Omer
Abdisalam Omer Hadliye (Somali: Cabdisalaan Cumar Hadliye; Arabic: عبد السلام عمر), also known as Abdisalan Hadliye Omar, is a Somali economist and politician. He was previously a Chief of Staff at the Executive Office of the Mayor of the District of Columbia, a Director of the UNDP Somalia Financial Services and Governance Program, and a Chief Business Officer for the District of Columbia Public Schools. He also served as Governor of the Central Bank of Somalia in 2013. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Somalia from 27 February 2015 to 29 March 2017.

Mayor of the District of Columbia
The mayor of the District of Columbia is the head of the executive branch of the government of the District of Columbia. The mayor has the duty to enforce district laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the D.C. Council. In addition, the mayor oversees all district services, public property, police and fire protection, most public agencies, and the district public school system.

The mayor's office oversees an annual district budget of $8.8 billion.
The mayor's executive office is located in the John A. Wilson Building in Downtown. The mayor appoints several officers, including the deputy mayors for Education and Planning & Economic Development, the district administrator, the chancellor of the district's public schools, and the department heads of the district agencies.
Christian Tarr
Christian Tarr (May 25, 1765 – February 24, 1833) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

Christian Tarr was born in Baltimore, Maryland.  He moved to Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1794 and engaged in agricultural pursuits.  He was also engaged in the manufacture of pottery in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.

Tarr was elected as a Republican to the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Congresses.  He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1821 and 1822.  He was appointed on October 31, 1827, as superintendent of the road which had been built by the United States Government from Cumberland, Maryland, to Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia).  He served until March 20, 1829.  He died in Washington Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, and was interred in the Methodist Graveyard in Brownsville, Pennsylvania.

15th United States Congress
The 15th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in the Old Brick Capitol in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1817, to March 4, 1819, during the first two years of James Monroe's presidency.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1810 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
Humboldt Wagon Road
The Humboldt Wagon Road, or the Humboldt Road, was a freight wagon road in northern California. Constructed in the 1860s, it connected Chico, near the Sacramento River, with Susanville, near Honey Lake, east of the Sierra Nevada crest. From there, extensions continued to the Humboldt silver mines in Nevada and the Owyhee Mines near Silver City, Idaho. The road was surveyed and financed by prominent settler John Bidwell and carried passengers, mail, and freight between logging and ranching communities of northeastern California. It also contributed to the settlement of the region and the displacement of the native Maidu population. Portions of the Humboldt Road are now followed by California State Route 32 and California State Route 36.

Wagon train
A wagon train is a group of wagons traveling together. Before the extensive use of military vehicles, baggage trains followed an army with supplies and ammunition.

In the American West, settlers traveling across the plains and mountain passes in covered wagons banded together for mutual assistance. Although wagon trains are associated with the Old West, the Trekboers of South Africa also traveled in caravans of covered wagons.
DRW Trading Group
DRW Holdings, LLC, typically referred to as DRW, is a proprietary trading firm based in Chicago. The firm was founded in 1992 by Don Wilson, an options trader at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, and was named after his initials: DRW. The firm trades various financial instruments, including fixed income, options and derivatives, energy and agriculture, and cryptocurrency. DRW has offices in Amsterdam, Austin, Greenwich, Tel Aviv, Chicago, New York City, Houston, London, Montreal, and Singapore. DRW is one of the largest trading firms in the world.

Greenwich, Connecticut
Greenwich (/ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ/ GREN-itch) is a town in southwestern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 63,518. It is the largest town on Connecticut's affluent Gold Coast. Greenwich is home to many hedge funds and financial services firms due to its residential setting and proximity to Manhattan.

Greenwich is a principal community of the Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury metropolitan statistical area, which comprises all of Fairfield County, and is part of both the greater New York metropolitan area and the Western Connecticut Planning Region. The town is the southwesternmost municipality in both the State of Connecticut and the six-state region of New England. The town is named after Greenwich, a royal borough of London in the United Kingdom.
Ivan Nelipić
Ivan Nelipić (died 1344) was a local ruler and Duke of Knin (knez Knina), who also held Drniš and the region around the rivers Cetina, Čikola, Krka, and Zrmanja. He was a member of the Croatian Nelipić noble family. Following the fall of the Šubić noble family, Ivan Nelipić seized Knin and successfully repelled attacks from both King Charles I and the Šubić noble family, becoming the most powerful individual in Croatia between 1322 and 1344.

Cetina
The Cetina (pronounced [ˈʦětina]) is a river in southern Croatia. It has a length of 101 km (63 mi) and its basin covers an area of 1,463 km2 (565 sq mi). From its source, Cetina descends from an elevation of 385 metres (1,263 ft) above sea level to the Adriatic Sea. It is the most water-rich river in Dalmatia.
Sony Xperia XZ1
The Sony Xperia XZ1 is an Android smartphone manufactured and marketed by Sony. Part of the Xperia X series, the device was announced to the public along with the Xperia XZ1 Compact at the annual IFA 2017 on August 31, 2017. It is the direct successor to the Sony Xperia XZ according to Sony, and is the latest flagship after the Xperia XZ Premium.

The Xperia XZ1, along with the Xperia XZ1 Compact, were recognized as the first Android smartphones to come with the recently launched Android 8.0 Oreo operating system pre-installed. Its highlight features are the HDR-enabled 5.2" FHD IPS display and a new world's-first-in-a-smartphone 3D-modelling feature that doesn't need a dual camera setup.

Near-field communication
Near-field communication (NFC) is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) or less. NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used for the bootstrapping of capable wireless connections. Like other proximity card technologies, NFC is based on inductive coupling between two electromagnetic coils present on an NFC-enabled device such as a smartphone. NFC communicating in one or both directions uses a frequency of 13.56 MHz in the globally available unlicensed radio-frequency ISM band, compliant with the ISO/IEC 18000-3 air-interface standard at data rates ranging from 106 to 848 kbit/s.

The NFC Forum has helped define and promote the technology, setting standards for certifying device compliance. Secure communications are available by applying encryption algorithms, as is done for credit cards, and if they fit the criteria for being considered a personal area network.