hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Halfdan Haraldsson the Black
Halfdan Haraldsson or Halfdan the Black was a son of Harald I of Norway by his first wife, Åsa, the daughter of Jarl Håkon Grjotgardsson of Lade. He was made sub-king of the Trondelag by his father, along with his brother Halfdan the White. According to Heimskringla, Halfdan the Black was poisoned, possibly at the behest of his sister in law Gunnhild, Mother of Kings.

Earls of Lade
The Earls of Lade (Norwegian: ladejarler) were a dynasty of Norse jarls who ruled what is now Trøndelag and Hålogaland from the 9th century to the 11th century.

The seat of the Earls of Lade was at Lade Gaard (Old Norse: Hlaðir), now located in the eastern parts of the city of Trondheim. The site is near the seaside of the Trondheimsfjord, which was an important waterway in the Viking Age.

According to Snorri, King Harald I of Norway was a great commander but lacked a fleet. For that he was assisted by Håkon Grjotgardsson. In gratitude Harald made him the first earl of Lade.
Apteekin Salmiakki
Apteekin Salmiakki (trademarked in English as Apothecary's Salmiac) is a lozenge-shaped hard candy brand of salmiakki, or salty liquorice candy, made by the Finnish company Haganol. "Salmiac" is a term for ammonium chloride, one of the principal flavourings in salty liquorice.

Apteekin Salmiakki was first sold in bulk as a cough drop or throat lozenge to pharmacies, where the staff would package the lozenges for sale in white paper bags. Currently the candy is mainly sold in prepacked small boxes. It has been manufactured with the same recipe since 1951.

Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula NH4Cl, also written as [NH4]Cl. It is an ammonium salt of hydrogen chloride. It consists of ammonium cations [NH4]+ and chloride anions Cl−. It is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic. In its naturally occurring mineralogic form, it is known as salammoniac. The mineral is commonly formed on burning coal dumps from condensation of coal-derived gases. It is also found around some types of volcanic vents. It is mainly used as fertilizer and a flavouring agent in some types of liquorice. It is a product of the reaction of hydrochloric acid and ammonia.
William F. White
William Francis White (1816 – May 16, 1890) was an Irish American pioneer, merchant, farmer, author and politician who served two terms as a California Bank Commissioner from 1879 to 1887.

In 1878, he was elected a delegate to California's Second Constitutional Convention on the Workingmen's ticket, representing Santa Cruz, Monterey, and San Benito Counties. The next year, he was the party's nominee for Governor of California, coming in third place behind Democrat Hugh J. Glenn and Republican George Clement Perkins. After his loss, he was appointed a State Bank Commissioner by outgoing Governor William Irwin, serving in that position until 1887.

He was the father of U.S. Senator Stephen M. White.

Governor of California
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.

Established in the Constitution of California, the governor's responsibilities also include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and making the annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.

The governor is now limited to two terms, regardless of whether they are consecutive. The current governor of California is Democrat Gavin Newsom, who was inaugurated on January 7, 2019. Jerry Brown was the longest serving governor in Californian history, serving from 1975 until 1983, and again from 2011 until 2019.
Manny S. Brown
Manny S. Brown (November 2, 1917 – April 11, 1987) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician from Racine, Wisconsin.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly for eight years, representing Racine County's 2nd Assembly district from 1965 to 1973.  He also served 16 years on the Racine school board, and advocated for the creation of the Racine Unified School District.  Brown's son, Richard S. Brown, became a long-serving judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals and was chief judge from 2007 to 2015.

Racine Unified School District
Racine Unified School District (RUSD) is a school district serving the eastern portion of Racine County, Wisconsin. It encompasses a 100 sq mi (260 km2) area, and serves the city of Racine and six other towns and villages, which had a combined population of 139,193 at the 2010 census. RUSD is the fifth-largest school district in Wisconsin. It has 20 schools, with a student enrollment of more than 16,000. The district employs 1,757 teachers and 171 administrators.
Piricaudiopsis rosae
Piricaudiopsis rosae is a fungus occurring on dead branches of Rosa chinensis, hence its name. It was first found in a tropical forest in southern China. It differs from other Piricaudiopsis species in conidial morphology and in the proliferation of its conidiogenous cell. The presence or proliferation of the conidiogenous cells and the conidial appendages, as well as the height of its conidia are considered putative phylogenetic characters of this genus.

Rosa chinensis
Rosa chinensis (Chinese: 月季; pinyin: yuèjì), known commonly as the China rose, Chinese rose, or Bengal rose, is a member of the genus Rosa native to Southwest China in Guizhou, Hubei, and Sichuan Provinces. The first publication of Rosa chinensis was in 1768 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Observationum Botanicarum, 3, p. 7 & plate 55.
Rockford IceHogs
The Rockford IceHogs are a professional ice hockey team based in Rockford, Illinois. They are members of the American Hockey League (AHL), having begun play in the League starting in the 2007–08 season. The team plays their home games at the BMO Center, and they serve as the top minor league affiliate of the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Chicago Blackhawks.

Baltimore Bandits
The Baltimore Bandits were an ice hockey team in the American Hockey League in the 1995–96 and 1996–97 seasons. They played in Baltimore, Maryland, at the Baltimore Arena.  The Bandits were an affiliate of the National Hockey League's Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. After two years of minimal on-ice success, the franchise was moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, as the Cincinnati Mighty Ducks.
Turkey men's national under-20 basketball team
The Turkey men's national under-20 basketball team (Turkish: Ümit Milli Basketbol Takımı) is the national representative for Turkey in men's international under-20 basketball tournaments. They are formed and run by the Turkish Basketball Federation. The U20 team regularly competes at the FIBA U20 EuroBasket and in 2007, the U21 team participated at the FIBA Under-21 World Championship.

Berk Demir
Berk Demir (born May 18, 1995) is a Turkish professional basketball player for Trabzonspor of the Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL). He previously played college basketball at Istanbul Technical University. He plays at the power forward position.
Eric Harold Neville
Eric Harold Neville (1 January 1889 London, England – 22 August 1961 Reading, Berkshire, England), known as E. H. Neville, was an English mathematician. A heavily fictionalised portrayal of his life is rendered in the 2007 novel The Indian Clerk. He is the one who convinced Srinivasa Ramanujan to come to England.

The Indian Clerk
The Indian Clerk is a biographical novel by David Leavitt, published in 2007. It is loosely based on the famous partnership between the Indian mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan, and his British mentor, the mathematician, G.H. Hardy. The novel was shortlisted for the 2009 International Dublin Literary Award.
Mars and Venus Surprised by Vulcan
Mars and Venus Surprised by Vulcan or Venus, Vulcan and Mars is a 1551-1552 oil on canvas painting by Jacopo Tintoretto, now in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich.

The painting depicts a scene of adultery. The goddess Venus is lying nude on a couch whilst her lover Mars is hiding helmeted under a bed. Venus' husband Vulcan, tipped off by Apollo, has just returned unexpectedly and has become distracted by his wife's naked body, disregarding the warnings of his dog. Cupid is sleeping in a cot by the window.

Alte Pinakothek
The Alte Pinakothek (German: [ˈʔaltə pinakoˈteːk] ⓘ, Old Pinakothek)  is an art museum located in the Kunstareal area in Munich, Germany. It is one of the oldest galleries in the world and houses a significant  collection of Old Master paintings. The name Alte (Old) Pinakothek refers to the time period covered by the collection—from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century. The Neue Pinakothek, re-built in 1981, covers nineteenth-century art, and Pinakothek der Moderne, opened in 2002, exhibits modern art. All three galleries are part of the Bavarian State Painting Collections, an organization of the Free state of Bavaria.
Kazimierz Ferenc
Kazimierz Zygmunt Ferenc (20 July 1944 – 8 November 2024) was a Polish architect and politician. A member of the Solidarity Citizens' Committee and the Christian-Peasant Party, he served as Voivode of Rzeszów from 1990 to 1994.

Ferenc died on 8 November 2024, at the age of 80.

Christian-Peasant Party
The Christian-Peasant Party (Stronnictwo Ludowo-Chrześcijańskie (Polish), SLCh) was a center-right agrarian Polish political party functioning in the early-middle 1990s, between 5 April 1991 and 17 May 1992 as the Polish People's Party "Solidarity" (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe "Solidarność" (Polish), PSL "S").
Shooting the Past
Shooting the Past is a television drama by Stephen Poliakoff, produced by TalkBack Productions for BBC Two and first shown in 1999. It was TalkBack's first drama production, the company being mainly known for its television comedy work.

Focused around a photo library threatened by closure, and the lives of its eccentric staff, it featured Timothy Spall and Lindsay Duncan, was awarded Best Drama Series at the Royal Television Society Awards of the same year and received other international awards, including the Prix Italia.

Picture Post
Picture Post was a photojournalistic magazine published in the United Kingdom from 1938 to 1957.  It is considered a pioneering example of photojournalism and  was an immediate success, selling 1,000,000 copies a week after only two months. It has been called the UK's equivalent of Life magazine.

The magazine's editorial stance was liberal, anti-fascist, and populist, and from its inception, Picture Post campaigned against the persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany. In the 26 November 1938 issue, a picture story was run entitled "Back to the Middle Ages": photographs of Adolf Hitler, Joseph Goebbels and Hermann Göring were contrasted with the faces of those scientists, writers and actors they were persecuting.
Periclimenes dardanicola
Periclimenes dardanicola is a species of shrimp found in the western Pacific Ocean. It lives in association with sea anemones that live on the gastropod shells carried by hermit crabs. It was first named by Alexander J. Bruce and Junji Okuno in 2006. It is mainly white, and grows up to a carapace length of 4 mm (0.16 in).

Caridea
The Caridea, commonly known as caridean shrimp or true shrimp (from Ancient Greek καρίς, καρίδος (karís, karídos, "shrimp"), are an infraorder of shrimp within the order Decapoda. This infraorder contains all species of true shrimp. They are found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. Many other animals with similar names – such as the mud shrimp of Axiidea and the boxer shrimp of Stenopodidea – are not true shrimp, but many have evolved features similar to true shrimp.
Capstone Records
Capstone Records is an American classical music record label focusing particularly on contemporary classical music. It was established by Richard Brooks in 1986 and was based in Brooklyn, New York.  The label has hundreds of releases featuring a wide range of composers from William Albright, Milton Babbitt, Robert Baksa, and John Cage to Mary Jeanne van Appledorn,  Rodney Waschka II, Iannis Xenakis, and Chen Yi. Performers represented on the label include such groups as the California EAR Unit, the Nevsky String Quartet, Steven Graff, and the Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra. In 2009, the company was acquired by Parma Recordings of Hampton, New Hampshire. In the spring of 2009 it was announced Capstone would be run as an imprint.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
UnChild
UnChild is the first collaboration album released between composer Hiroyuki Sawano and Aimer. It was released on June 25, 2014 in a limited and regular CD Only edition. Songs are English covers and rearrangements of various theme songs used in the anime Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn.

Aimer
Aimer (エメ, Eme; [eme]) is a Japanese pop singer and lyricist signed to Sacra Music and managed by Agehasprings. Her stage name comes from the French verb aimer 'to love'. Aimer uses the name aimerrhythm for lyrics credits.

Debuting in 2011, she has released seven studio albums, all of which made it into the top 20 of the Oricon Albums Chart, with fourth album Daydream being certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan. Her 2021 song "Zankyōsanka" became her first song to reach the top of the Japan Hot 100 chart, selling 87,649 downloads in its first week. It also charted at number 37 on the Billboard Global 200, marking her first appearance on the chart.
Miloslav Stingl
Miloslav Stingl (19 December 1930 – 11 May 2020) was a Czech ethnologist, traveller and author. He was an expert on Mayan culture and the history of pre-Columbian America.

Stingl was born in Bílina. He studied international law at the Faculty of Arts at Charles University before switching to ethnography. He worked for ten years at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences from 1962 to 1972. Stingl was a signatory of the Anticharta, a condemnation of Charter 77. However Stingl signed unaware of the content of the Charter, and later regretted his participation.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Tasmanian apples
Tasmanian apples are a significant agricultural product of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Historically known as "the Apple Isle," Tasmania was once a leading global exporter of apples and remains Australia’s second-largest apple-producing state after Victoria. The first apple tree in Tasmania was planted on Bruny Island in 1788, and by the 20th century, the state had become a major producer. In addition to cultivating popular commercial varieties, Tasmania has developed its own apple cultivars, including the Geeveston Fanny and the Crofton. Although production has declined in recent decades, apple farming remains an important industry, particularly in southern Tasmania. In 2023, Tasmania produced over 29,000 t (29,000,000 kg) of apples, contributing approximately 10% of Australia’s total apple yield.

Fruit brandy
Fruit brandy (or fruit spirit) is a distilled beverage produced from mash, juice, wine or residues of edible fruits. The term covers a broad class of spirits produced across the world, and typically excludes beverages made from grapes, which are referred to as plain brandy (when made from distillation from wine) or pomace brandy (when made directly from grape pomace). Apples, pears, apricots, plums and cherries are the most commonly used fruits.
Mike Durkin
Mike Durkin (born April 14, 1953) is an American middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 1500 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He finished 3rd at the 1980 Olympic Trials to qualify for the Olympic team, but was not able to compete due to the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott

1980 Summer Olympics boycott
The United States led the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott to protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. More than 60 countries joined the boycott to varying degrees, affecting athletes, fans, and international relations. The absence of so many competitors changed the outcomes of some events, led to alternative competitions, and influenced the 1984 Olympics, which the Soviets later boycotted. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and its satellite states later boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
2024 European Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships
The 2024 edition of the European Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships was held in Łódź, Poland, from 14 to 18 February 2024. This tournament served as European qualification for the 2024 Thomas & Uber Cup. For the first time this competition was played with just the best 8 men's and women's team through the qualification stage held in 6 different nations. Poland as hosts and Denmark as reigning champions in both categories were automatically qualified.

Germany national badminton team
The Germany national badminton team (German: Deutsche badminton-nationalmannschaft) represents Germany in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by the German Badminton Association (German: Deutscher Badminton-Verband), the national organization for badminton in the nation. Germany have two bronze finishes at the Uber Cup, particularly in 2006 and 2008. The women's team were also champions in the 2012 Women's Team Badminton Championships.

In the mixed team competition, the German team won gold in the 2013 European Mixed Team Badminton Championships after upsetting Denmark with a score of 3-0 in the final tie.
1874 East Gloucestershire by-election
The 1874 East Gloucestershire by-election was held on 17 March 1874.  The by-election was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Michael Hicks Beach, becoming Chief Secretary for Ireland.  It was retained by the incumbent.

Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn
Michael Edward Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn, PC, DL (23 October 1837 – 30 April 1916), known as Sir Michael Hicks Beach, Bt, from 1854 to 1906 and subsequently as The Viscount St Aldwyn to 1915, was a British Conservative politician. Known as "Black Michael", he was notably Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1885 to 1886 and again from 1895 to 1902 and also led the Conservative Party in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1886. Due to the length of his service, he was Father of the House from 1901 to 1906, when he took his peerage.
Pahang Rangers F.C.
Pahang Rangers Futsal Club is a professional futsal club based in Kuantan, Pahang. The club competes in the MPFL Division 1, the national futsal league in Malaysia. Founded in 2016 as Kuantan Rangers Futsal Club, it competed as an amateur futsal club before rebranding to Pahang Rangers to became fully professional in 2019.

In terms of success, the club has won 1 MPFL title, 1 Brunei Futsal League title and 1 Malaysia Futsal Cup. Both of the MPFL and Malaysia Futsal  Cup titles were won in 2023 season with Gerard Casas as the head coach of the club.

Kuantan
Kuantan (Pahang Malay: Kontaeng; Terengganu Malay: Kuatang/Kuantang) is a city and the state capital of Pahang, Malaysia. It is located near the mouth of the Kuantan River. Kuantan is the 12th largest city in Malaysia based on a 2020 population of 548,014 and the largest city on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

The administrative centre of the state of Pahang was officially relocated to Kuantan on 27 August 1955 from Kuala Lipis, and was officiated by HRH Sultan Abu Bakar Ri'ayatuddin Al Muadzam Shah, the Sultan of Pahang.
Simple Simon over
The simple Simon over bend is a knot belonging to the category bend. The simple Simon under holds well even with slippery synthetic ropes, but is less secure than the similar simple Simon under.

The difference is just whether the green working end goes over the green standing (loaded) end (Simple Simon over) or under the green standing (loaded) end (simple Simon under).

Sheet bend
The sheet bend (also known as weaver's knot and weaver's hitch) is a bend knot. It is practical for joining lines of different diameter or rigidity.

It is quick and easy to tie, and is considered so essential it is the first knot given in the Ashley Book of Knots. Additionally, it is one of the six knots given in the International Guild of Knot Tyers' Six Knot Challenge, along with the clove hitch, bowline, reef knot (square knot), round turn and two half-hitches, and sheepshank.

The sheet bend is related in structure to the bowline; like the bowline, it has a tendency to work loose when not under load. For increased security, it is sometimes recommended that one add another turn in the smaller end, making a double sheet bend; in most cases, however, a single sheet bend should suffice. The becket hitch is another structurally similar knot.

As a bend, its advantages lie in its simplicity and non-jamming properties.

It is commonly taught in Scouting.
Mick Travis Trilogy
The Mick Travis Trilogy is the story of Mick Travis, a fictional character played by Malcolm McDowell in a trilogy of British films directed by English film director Lindsay Anderson and written by David Sherwin.

David Sherwin
David Sherwin-White (24 February 1942 – 8 January 2018) was a British screenwriter best known for his collaborations with director Lindsay Anderson and actor Malcolm McDowell on the films if.... (1968) (for which Sherwin was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay), O Lucky Man! (1973) and Britannia Hospital (1982).

Sherwin attended Tonbridge School, which provided much of the inspiration for the content of if.....

In 1996, Sherwin published a memoir, Going Mad in Hollywood: And Life with Lindsay Anderson, (Andre Deutsch) ISBN 978-0-233-98966-2. A film of the memoir was planned by the director Michael Winterbottom, with Malcolm McDowell cast as Anderson, but never materialised.

He was the son of Oxford historian A. N. Sherwin-White.
Warrior (Nelly song)
"Warrior" is a hip hop song performed by rapper Nelly. It was released on July 29, 2008 promotionally for the 2008 Summer Olympics. 
The song appears on the AT&T TEAM USA Soundtrack, and later included as an iTunes Store bonus tracks of Nelly's fourth studio album, Brass Knuckles.

The video of the song was released on August 18, 2008, and features scenes of American Olympians intercut with scenes of Nelly recording the song.

This song is also the theme song of George Balhan's Mohawk Warrior Monster Truck that is held in Monster Jam events until his retirement in 2016.

Monster Jam
Monster Jam is a live motorsport event tour operated by Feld Entertainment. The series began in 1992, and is sanctioned under the umbrella of the United States Hot Rod Association. Events are primarily held in North America, with some additional events in other countries. Although individual event formats can vary greatly based on the "intermission" entertainment, the main attraction is always the racing, two-wheel skills competition, and freestyle competitions by monster trucks.