hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alternate frame rendering
Alternate frame rendering (AFR) is a technique of graphics rendering in personal computers which combines the work output of two or more graphics processing units (GPU) for a single monitor, in order to improve image quality, or to accelerate the rendering performance. The technique is that one graphics processing unit computes all the odd video frames, the other renders the even frames. This technique is useful for generating 3D video sequences in real time, improving or filtering textured polygons and performing other computationally intensive tasks, typically associated with computer gaming, CAD and 3D modeling.

One disadvantage of AFR is a defect known as micro stuttering.

3D modeling
In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of a surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space.

Three-dimensional (3D) models represent a physical body using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. Being a collection of data (points and other information), 3D models can be created manually, algorithmically (procedural modeling), or by scanning. Their surfaces may be further defined with texture mapping.
Deutsche Luft Hansa
Deutsche Luft Hansa A.G. (from 1933 styled as Deutsche Lufthansa and also known as Luft Hansa, Lufthansa, or DLH) was a German airline, established in 1926. It served as the flag carrier of the country during the later years of the Weimar Republic and throughout the era of Nazi Germany, when it had close links to the Nazi Party. It ceased operations in April 1945, in the final stages of the Second World War.

Although Deutsche Luft Hansa was the forerunner of modern German airline Lufthansa (founded in 1953) and both airlines share the same logo, there is no legal connection between the two. However, the new Lufthansa took over staff from the old airline and claims DLH's legacy. For this reason it is controversial in the historical reappraisal to what extent the modern Lufthansa should confess to crimes committed by the old airline.

Budaörs Airport
Budaörs Airport (Hungarian: Budaörsi Repülőtér), (ICAO: LHBS) is an airport located in the 11th district of Budapest, Hungary and was named after the neighboring town Budaörs. Now serving general aviation, it was once Hungary's only international airport.
Dominic D'Souza
Dominic D'Souza was an Indian AIDS activist. His life was the basis of the film My Brother…Nikhil (directed by Onir) and the novel The Lost Flamingoes of Bombay by Siddharth Dhanvant Shanghvi. D'Souza was a frequent blood donor and a worker at the World Wildlife Fund. In 1989, after mandatory blood testing under The Goa, Daman and Diu Public Health Act, 1985, he was found to have contracted HIV, making him Goa's patient zero for the virus. Upon learning he was infected, authorities forcibly quarantined him, keeping him isolated in a tuberculosis ward for 64 days.

He legally fought against the quarantine and, following his release, resigned his position at the World Wildlife Fund. Together with his friend Isabel de Santa Rita Vas, he founded the HIV/AIDS non-governmental organization Positive People in April 1992. D'Souza died in a Mumbai hospital in May 1992, a month after registering the new organization.

Index case
The index case or patient zero is the first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population, or the first documented patient included in an epidemiological study. 
It can also refer to the first case of a condition or syndrome (not necessarily contagious) to be described in the medical literature, whether or not the patient is thought to be the first person affected. An index case can achieve the status of a "classic" case study in the literature, as did Phineas Gage, the first known person to exhibit a definitive personality change as a result of traumatic brain injury.
Borssum, Emden
Borssum or Borßum is a village in Lower Saxony, Germany. Together with the village of Hilmarsum it forms a district (Stadtteil) of Emden. The East Frisian village on the Eems is located southeast of the city.

The history of Borssum dates back to the seventh century. It originated from two centres, Groß-Borssum and Klein-Borssum, both of which had a borg. Today, the Westerburg School and the Osterburg School are located on the location of both buildings.

The historic village with a church from the thirteenth century, has grown into one of the larger districts of Emden, especially after the Second World War.

Ems (river)
The Ems (German: Ems [ɛms] ⓘ; Dutch: Eems [eːms] ⓘ) is a river in northwestern Germany. It runs through the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony, and discharges into the Dollart Bay which is part of the Wadden Sea. Its total length is 362.4 kilometres (225.2 mi). The state border between the Lower Saxon area of East Friesland (Germany) and the province of Groningen (Netherlands), whose exact course was the subject of a border dispute between Germany and the Netherlands (settled in 2014), runs through the Ems estuary.
Gemmill-Faust House
The Gemmill-Faust House is a historic house at 321 St. Andrew's Terrace in West Helena, Arkansas.  It is a two-story wood-frame structure with a brick-face exterior, built c. 1920.  The house is an excellent local example of the Prairie School of design, with its broad spreading eaves, hip roof with hipped dormer, light-colored brick, and ribbon windows throughout.  A period garage stands west of (behind) the main house.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

West Helena, Arkansas
West Helena is the western portion of Helena-West Helena, Arkansas, a city in Phillips County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, this portion of the city population was 8,689.

Historically, West Helena and its sister city Helena, located on the Mississippi River, have been two of the focal points in the history of the development of the blues. The cities consolidated on January 1, 2006. Helena is the birthplace of Arkansas' former senior United States senator, Blanche Lincoln.
Philip Cary (MP for Woodstock)
Sir Philip Cary (c. 1579 – 1631) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1614 and 1625.

Cary was the son of Edward Cary of Berkhamsted Place, Hertfordshire. He matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford on 22 February 1594, aged 14. Cary was a student of Gray's Inn in 1590. He was knighted on 23 May 1605, In 1614, he was elected Member of Parliament for Woodstock and re-elected in 1621, 1624 and 1625.

Cary held estates at Caddington, Bedfordshire and Hunslet, Yorkshire.  He died at the age of about 52 and was buried at Aldenham on 13 June 1631.

Berkhamsted Place
Berkhamsted Place was an English country house which was erected sometime around 1580 in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England. It was built by Sir Edward Carey, the keeper of the Jewels to Queen Elizabeth I from stones removed from Berkhamsted Castle. Several notable residents of Berkhamsted lived in the house and over the years its owners welcomed guests such as King Charles I and William Gladstone.

The house was one of two Elizabethan mansions in the town, the other being Egerton House on the High Street which was demolished in 1937. Berkhamsted Place survived fire and renovation for over 380 years before it became derelict and was demolished in 1967.
57424 Caelumnoctu
57424 Caelumnoctu (provisional designation 2001 SP22) is an Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 September 2001, by astronomers of the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site near Socorro, New Mexico. The asteroid was named for the BBC television programme The Sky at Night.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
WCAZ
WCAZ (1510 kHz) is a farm/country formatted AM radio station, licensed to Carthage, Illinois. Because the station shares the same frequency as clear-channel station WLAC in Nashville, Tennessee, WCAZ broadcasts only during the daytime. However, its FM translator, W256DZ on 99.1 MHz, also provides nighttime operation.

WLAC
WLAC (1510 AM) branded "TalkRadio 98.3 and 1510 WLAC", is a commercial radio station in Nashville, Tennessee. Owned by iHeartMedia, it broadcasts a talk radio format. The station's studios are in Nashville's Music Row district.

WLAC is a clear-channel station, it operates around the clock at 50,000 watts, the highest power authorized for AM stations in the United States. A single tower radiates the transmitter's full power during the day to most of Middle Tennessee. At night, it uses a directional pattern that limits its signal toward the west to originally protect KGA in Spokane (which has since downgraded its night signal) and to the northeast to protect WMEX in Boston. It has a three-tower array in the city's Northside neighborhood.  WLAC broadcasts an HD Radio signal using the in-band on-channel standard. Programming is simulcast over a digital subchannel of 97.9 WSIX-FM and on FM translator W252CM at 98.3 FM.
Live at Bourbon St.
Live at Bourbon St. is a live album by guitarist Lenny Breau and bassist Dave Young that was released in 1995. It was nominated for a 1997 Juno Award in the category of Best Mainstream Jazz Album.

Recorded live by Ted O'Reilly on June 14, 1983. Many of the tracks were released on LP in 1984 and 1985 as Legacy and Quietude respectively, with "Sparkle Dust" (from "Legacy") omitted from this CD release. The original tapes were remastered and reissued on this two-disc release. Previously unreleased songs "All The Things You Are", "My Foolish Heart", "My Funny Valentine", "There Will Never Be Another You", and "Riot-chorus" from the live performance are included.

Victor Young
Albert Victor Young (August 8, 1899– November 10, 1956)  was an American composer, arranger, violinist and conductor. Young was posthumously awarded the Academy Award for Best Music Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture for Around the World in 80 Days at the 29th Academy Awards in 1957.
Provisionally Entitled the Singing Fish
Provisionally Entitled the Singing Fish is the second studio album by Colin Newman, lead singer of post-punk band Wire. It was released in 1981, through record labels Beggars Banquet and 4AD.

The album is entirely instrumental, with each song titled simply "Fish One," "Fish Two," and so on. Newman took inspiration in part from the experimental work of Newman's Wire bandmates Bruce Gilbert and Graham Lewis as Dome, and from Brian Eno's ambient work. It marked a break from his partnership with producer Mike Thorne over disagreements about pursuing a more commercial, chart-friendly sound.

Record label 4AD reissued both Provisionally Entitled the Singing Fish  and Newman's third solo album, Not To, as a single disc in 1988.

Wire (band)
Wire are a British rock band, formed in London in October 1976 by Colin Newman (vocals, guitar), Graham Lewis (bass, vocals), Bruce Gilbert (guitar), George Gill (lead guitar) and Robert Grey (aka Robert Gotobed; drums). They were originally associated with the punk rock scene, appearing on The Roxy London WC2 album, and were instrumental to the development of post-punk, while their debut album, Pink Flag, was influential for hardcore punk.

Wire are considered a definitive and highly influential art punk and post-punk band, due to their richly detailed and atmospheric sound and obscure lyrical themes. They steadily developed from an early noise rock style to a more complex, structured sound involving increased use of guitar effects and synthesizers (1978's Chairs Missing and 1979's 154). The band gained a reputation for experimenting with song arrangements throughout their career.
ENTPD3
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENTPD3 gene.

ENTPD3 is similar to E-type nucleotidases (NTPases). NTPases, such as CD39, mediate catabolism of extracellular nucleotides. ENTPD3 contains 4 apyrase-conserved regions which is characteristic of NTPases.

ENTPD1
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (gene: ENTPD1; protein: NTPDase1) also known as CD39 (Cluster of Differentiation 39), is a typical cell surface enzyme with a catalytic site on the extracellular face.
Tareq Bakari
Tareq Bakari (born 1988) is a Moroccan writer. He was born in Missour in eastern Morocco, and studied Arabic literature at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Fes. His debut novel Numedia (2015) was nominated for the Arabic Booker Prize. He works as an Arabic language teacher in Meknes.

Meknes
Meknes (Arabic: مكناس, romanized: maknās, pronounced [maknaːs]) is one of the four Imperial cities of Morocco, located in northern central Morocco and the sixth largest city by population in the kingdom. Founded in the 11th century by the Almoravids as a military settlement, Meknes became the capital of Morocco during the reign of Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727), son of the founder of the Alaouite dynasty. Sultan Ismail created a massive imperial palace complex and endowed the city with extensive fortifications and monumental gates. The city recorded a population of 551,503 in the 2024 Moroccan census. It is the seat of Meknès Prefecture and an important economic hub in the region of Fès-Meknès.
Vera Sogoyan
Vera Soghomoni Sogoyan (Armenian: Վերա Սողոմոնի Սողոյան; December 27, 1925 – August 14, 1986) was an Armenian socialist realist painter.

Vera Sogoyan was born in Artvin, a town near the Black Sea in Turkey.  Her family relocated to the USSR in 1928, likely due to persecution following the Armenian genocide.

She studied under N. Sharikov at Krasnadar and Grigorev at the Kyiv Art Institute.  She was admitted to the Art Institute with a letter of recommendation from Martiros Saryan and graduated in 1952.  At the Art Institute, she met and married fellow student Volodymyr Chernikov.  They had one child, the neo-Symbolist painter Mykola Chernikov.

Following graduation, she was a successful painter in the Soviet-mandated socialist realism style, producing brightly colored scenes of families and children.  The only solo exhibition of her work was posthumously held in 1989.

Vera Sogoyan died on 14 August 1986 in Kyiv.

Artvin
Artvin is a city in northeastern Turkey about 30 kilometres (19 miles) inland from the Black Sea. It is the seat of Artvin Province and Artvin District. Its population is 25,841 (2021).

It is located on a hill overlooking the Çoruh River near the Deriner Dam. It is a former bishopric and (vacant) Armenian Catholic titular see and the home of Artvin Çoruh University.
Quatzenheim
Quatzenheim (French pronunciation: [kvatsənaim] ⓘ; Alsatian: Zwàtzne) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

It grew up along an old Roman road leading from Strasbourg to Saverne.

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.
Very special episode
A "very special episode" is an advertising term originally used in American television promos to refer to an episode of a sitcom or drama series which deals with a difficult or controversial social issue. There is no one uniform definition for what a "very special episode" is, but it is determined by a TV show's atypical serious subject manner compared to its usual content. The usage of the term peaked in the 1980s. Despite their intentions, "Very special episodes" are sometimes dismissed as showing inauthentic, simple solutions to complex problems.

Child abuse
Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential wrongful harm to a child and can occur in a child's home, or in organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with.

Different jurisdictions have different requirements for mandatory reporting and have developed different definitions of what constitutes child abuse, and therefore have different criteria to remove children from their families or to prosecute a criminal charge.
Claude Grier
Claude Bonds Grier (March 24, 1904 – March 1, 1967), nicknamed "Red", was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1920s.

A native of Catawba County, North Carolina, Grier attended North Carolina A&T State University. He made his Negro leagues debut in 1924 for the Washington Potomacs, and split time between Wilmington and the Bacharach Giants the following season. Grier went on to play three more seasons with the Bacharach club, where he spun a historic no-hitter in the 1926 Colored World Series, and finished his career in 1928. He died in Newton, North Carolina in 1967 at age 62.

Catawba County, North Carolina
Catawba County (/kəˈtɔːbə/ kuh-TAW-buh) is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 160,610. Its county seat is Newton, and its largest community is Hickory.

The county is part of the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Organ Rock Formation
The Organ Rock Formation or Organ Rock Shale is a formation within the late Pennsylvanian to early Permian Cutler Group and is deposited across southeastern Utah, northwestern New Mexico, and northeastern Arizona. This formation notably outcrops around Canyonlands National Park, Natural Bridges National Monument, and Monument Valley of northeast Arizona, southern Utah. The age of the Organ Rock is constrained to the latter half of the Cisuralian epoch by age dates from overlying and underlying formations.  Important early terrestrial vertebrate fossils have been recovered from this formation in northern Arizona, southern Utah, and northern New Mexico. These include the iconic Permian terrestrial fauna: Seymouria, Diadectes, Ophiacodon, and Dimetrodon. The fossil assemblage present suggests arid environmental conditions. This is corroborated with paleoclimate data indicative of global drying throughout the early Permian.

Diadectomorpha
Diadectomorpha is a clade of large tetrapods that lived in Euramerica during the Carboniferous and Early Permian periods and in Asia during Late Permian (Wuchiapingian), They have typically been classified as advanced reptiliomorphs (transitional between "amphibians" sensu lato and amniotes) positioned close to, but outside of the clade Amniota, though some recent research has recovered them as the sister group to the traditional Synapsida within Amniota, based on inner ear anatomy and cladistic analyses. They include both large (up to 2 meters long) carnivorous and even larger (to 3 meters) herbivorous forms, some semi-aquatic and others fully terrestrial. The diadectomorphs seem to have originated during late Mississippian times, although they only became common after the Carboniferous rainforest collapse and flourished during the Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian periods.
Pistol New Zealand
Pistol New Zealand (PNZ) is the umbrella sporting federation of handgun shooting sports and clubs in New Zealand. Pistol New Zealand was formerly known as the New Zealand Pistol Association (NZPA). PNZ is affiliated with the following shooting sports:

Metallic silhouette under International Metallic Silhouette Shooting Union

Practical shooting under International Practical Shooting Confederation

ISSF shooting events under International Shooting Sport Federation

Cowboy action shooting

Muzzle Loading under Muzzle Loaders Associations International Committee

Action shooting under Precision Pistol Competition

The federation comprises over 80 clubs nationally.

ISSF shooting events
The International Shooting Sport Federation recognizes several shooting events, some of which have Olympic status. They are divided into four disciplines: rifle, pistol, shotgun and running target.

The main distinctions between different rifle events are the distances to the target and the shooting positions used. For the other disciplines, the position is always standing, and changes include limits to shooting times and different types of targets.
Orlando Javier Elizeche
Orlando Javier Elizeche (born 3 June 1987) is a Paraguayan Long Distance runner from Encarnación. He represented Paraguay at the 2008 South American Cross Country Championships, 2011 South American Cross Country Championships and 2014 South American Cross Country Championships and is tied to Club Bella Vista in the Federación Paraguaya de Atletismo. At the 2014 South American Cross Country Championships, he finished in 19th position of the Senior men's 12 km race event in a time of 40:48.02.

Paraguayan Athletics Federation
The Paraguayan Athletics Federation (FPA; Federación Paraguaya de Atletismo) is the governing body for the sport of athletics in Paraguay.

It is located at the Secretaria Nacional de Deportes in Asunción, where it hosts its annual national competitions at its athletics stadium.
University of Wisconsin Sustainable Management
The Bachelor of Science in Sustainable Management is an online interdisciplinary sustainable management bachelor's degree program. A joint effort between the University of Wisconsin–Extension and four of the University of Wisconsin campuses, UW–Parkside, UW–River Falls, UW–Stout, and UW–Superior, the program began enrolling students for the fall 2009 semester.

University of Wisconsin–Parkside
The University of Wisconsin–Parkside (UW Parkside or UWP) is a public university in Somers, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the University of Wisconsin System and has 4,644 students, 161 full-time faculty, and 89 lecturers and part-time faculty. The university offers 33 undergraduate majors and 11 master's degrees in 22 academic departments. UW–Parkside is one of two universities in the UW System not named for the city in which it is located, the other being UW–Stout. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

UW–Parkside is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II for athletics. The athletic program is branded as the Parkside Rangers, and its teams wear forest green, black, and white. The Rangers compete in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference.