hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lustration in Poland
Lustration in Poland is the policy of limiting the participation of former communists – especially of informants of the communist secret police – during 1944–1990, in successor governments or even in civil-service positions.

The term lustration, "cleansing", stems from the Latin word lustratio, for a Roman purification ceremony.

The first Polish lustration bill was passed by the Polish parliament in 1992, but was declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland. Subsequently other bills were submitted and reviewed by a special commission, resulting in a new lustration law passed in 1996.

Lustratio
Lustratio was an ancient Greek and ancient Roman purification ritual. It included a procession and in some circumstances the sacrifice of a pig (sus), a ram (ovis), and a bull (taurus) (suovetaurilia). The name is the source of English "lustration" (a purification).
The Fourth Direction
The Fourth Direction (Punjabi: Chauthi Koot) is a 2015 Indian Punjabi-language drama film directed by Gurvinder Singh. It is based on the short stories The Fourth Direction and I Am Feeling Fine Now from Indian author Waryam Singh Sandhu's 2005 collection Chauthi Koot. The film is produced by Kartikeya Narayan Singh and is set around the Sikh separatist movement of the 1980s. It is the second part of Singh’s Punjab Trilogy, after Alms for a Blind Horse (2011), and is followed by Crescent Night (2022).

It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. It won the Silver Screen Award at the Singapore International Film Festival for Best Asian Feature Film in December 2015.

The film was shot mostly around Amritsar and Ferozepur in Punjab, India.

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).
John R. Buckley
John R. "Jack" Buckley (January 1, 1932 – January 21, 2020) was an American politician who served as Secretary of Administration and Finance of Massachusetts from 1975 to 1979, member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1965 to 1975, and Abington, Massachusetts Town Treasurer from 1961 to 1965. He was a candidate for state Democratic party chairman in 1971, but lost to State Treasurer Robert Q. Crane.

Buckley's father, Thomas H. Buckley, served as Massachusetts State Auditor from 1935 to 1939 and was the state's first Commissioner of Administration and Finance. His son, John R. Buckley, Jr., is the Plymouth County, Massachusetts Register of Deeds.

Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Plymouth County is a county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts, south of Boston. As of the 2020 census, the population was 530,819.  Its county seats are Plymouth and Brockton. In 1685, the county was created by the Plymouth General Court, the legislature of Plymouth Colony, predating its annexation by the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Plymouth County is part of the 
Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rama University
Rama University is located in Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is a private university and part of the Rama Group.

A first-year B. Pharma student died by suicide at Rama Medical College and Hospital in the Bithoor area, Kanpur.

Bithoor
Bithoor or Bithur is a  town in Kanpur district, 25 km (15mi) by road north of the centre of Kanpur city, in Uttar Pradesh, India. Bithoor is situated on the right bank of the River Ganges, and is a centre of Hindu pilgrimage. Bithoor is also the centre for War of Independence of 1857 as Nana Sahib, a popular freedom fighter who was based there. The city is enlisted as a municipality of Kanpur metropolitan area.
Kysuca
The Kysuca (Hungarian: Kiszuca) is a river in northern Slovakia. It is a right tributary to the Váh. The river gives name to the informal Kysuce region. It is 65.6 km (40.8 mi) long and its basin size is 1,038 km2 (401 sq mi).

Its source is near the village of Makov. At first, the river flows in northeastern direction, where it flows around Javorníky on the right and Kysucké Beskydy mountains on the left side, passing   through the town of Turzovka until the town of Čadca, where it turns south, between Javorníky on the right and Kysucká vrchovina mountains on the left side, passing Horelica, Krásno nad Kysucou, Kysucké Nové Mesto until it flows into the Váh in Žilina. In the valley of Kysuca south of Čadca, a railway and an international road (currently E75, in the future D3) passes through it.

Kysucké Beskydy
The Kysucké Beskydy is a set of mountain ranges in the Kysuce region of northern Slovakia.  Slovaks consider the mountains to belong to the Central Beskids, of the Outer Western Carpathians, while Poles classify them as part of the Western Beskids.

The highest peak of these ranges is Veľká Rača, at 1236 meters.  Most of the area is heavily forested, with some endangered species, and a large part of these ranges fall within the Kysuce Protected Landscape Area.

49°25′N 18°58′E﻿ / ﻿49.417°N 18.967°E﻿ / 49.417; 18.967
Henry Charles Eitzen Building
Henry Charles Eitzen Building, also known as the Oscar H. Guether Store Building and Hy. Poppenheusen Tin Shop, is a historic commercial building located at Washington, Franklin County, Missouri. The original section was built about 1854, and is a 2 1/2-story, German Neoclassical style brick building in the Klassisismus form.  It has a three-bay, one-story brick ell added before 1893.: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Washington, Missouri
Washington is a city on the south banks of the Missouri River, 50 miles west of St. Louis, Missouri. It is considered to be part of the Greater St. Louis area. As of the 2020 census, Washington had a population of 14,500. It is the largest city in Franklin County, Missouri. It is notable for being the "corncob pipe capital of the world," with the Missouri Meerschaum located on the city's riverfront.
Mister Venezuela 1996
Mister Venezuela 1996 was the 1st edition of the Mister Venezuela competition, held on July 17, 1996, at the Estudio 1 de Venevisión in Caracas, Venezuela.

At the end of the event, Carla Steinkopf, Miss Venezuela International 1995 and Pilín León, Miss World 1981 titled José Gregorio Faría of Zulia as Mister Venezuela 1996.

The 1st Runner-Up position went to Johnny Essig of Distrito Federal.

Venevisión
Venevisión (Spanish pronunciation: [beneβiˈsjon]) is a Venezuelan free-to-air television channel and one of Venezuela's largest television networks, owned by the Cisneros Media division of Grupo Cisneros. It was founded in 1961 by Diego Cisneros. It is one of the major telenovela producers in the world, along with Televisa, TV Azteca, Telemundo, TV Globo, Caracol Televisión, RCN Televisión, ABS-CBN, GMA Network and Channel 3.
Germany–Peru relations
Germany–Peru relations (German: Deutschland und Peru Beziehungen; Spanish: Relaciones Alemania y Perú) are the historical and bilateral relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Peru. The relations are described by the German Foreign Office as "close and friendly". Cooperation between Germany and Peru takes place at both the bilateral and multilateral level. Both countries are members of the United Nations.

Luis Arias Graziani
Luis Alfonso Arias Graziani (21 April 1926 – 13 July 2020) was a Peruvian air force officer and politician who served as Minister of Defence and Chief of the Joint Command from 1980 to 1981. Graziani had previously served as Minister of Commerce from 1977 to 1978 and Minister of Aeronautics from 1978 to 1980.

He died from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru.
Vorticella
Vorticella is a genus of bell-shaped ciliates that have stalks to attach themselves to substrates. The stalks have contractile myonemes, allowing them to pull the cell body against substrates. The formation of the stalk happens after the free-swimming stage.

Macronucleus
A macronucleus (formerly also meganucleus) is the larger type of nucleus in ciliates. Macronuclei are polyploid and undergo direct division without mitosis. It controls the non-reproductive cell functions, such as metabolism. During conjugation, the macronucleus disintegrates, and a new one is formed by karyogamy of the micronuclei.

Macronuclei contain hundreds to thousands of chromosomes, each present in many copies. There is no mechanism to precisely partition this complex genome equally during nuclear division; thus, how the cell manages to maintain a balanced genome after generations of divisions is unknown.
George Robinson (New Zealand footballer)
George Robinson is a former football (soccer) player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Robinson made a single appearance in an official international for New Zealand in a 1–4 loss to South Africa on 19 July 1947.

New Zealand men's national football team
The New Zealand men's national football team (Māori: Tīma hoka a-motu o Aotearoa) represents New Zealand in men's international football competitions. The team is governed by the governing body for football in New Zealand, New Zealand Football (NZF), which is currently a member of FIFA and the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC). The team's official nickname is the All Whites (Māori: Ōmā [ɔːmaː]).

The team represented New Zealand at the FIFA World Cup tournaments in 1982 and 2010, and are set to appear in the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It also participated in the FIFA Confederations Cup in 1999, 2003, 2009, and 2017. New Zealand is a six-time OFC Nations Cup champion. New Zealand was the only unbeaten country in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, drawing all three group stage games; nevertheless, they were eliminated in the group stage.
Single Stop
Single Stop is a nonprofit organization with a mission to foster economic mobility and financial stability in the U.S. by connecting people through a "one-stop shop" platform that links individuals to various federal, state, and local benefits and resources.

Economic mobility
Economic mobility is the ability of an individual, family or some other group to improve (or lower) their economic status—usually measured in income.  Economic mobility is often measured by movement between income quintiles. Economic mobility may be considered a type of social mobility, which is often measured in change in income.
Sinking Ship (Grand Canyon)
Sinking Ship is a 7,344-foot (2,238 m) elevation summit located in the Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, United States. This butte is situated 1.7 miles (2.7 km) southeast of the Grandview Point overlook on the canyon's South Rim, and 1.25 miles (2.01 km) southwest of Coronado Butte. Topographic relief is significant as it rises 4,800 feet (1,500 m) above the Colorado River in 4 miles (6.4 km). According to the Köppen climate classification system, Sinking Ship is located in a cold semi-arid climate zone.

Butte
In geomorphology, a butte (/bjuːt/ BEWT) is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus, and tablelands. The word butte comes from the French word butte (French: [byt]), meaning 'knoll' (of any size); its use is prevalent in the Western United States, including the Southwest, where mesa (Spanish for 'table') is used for the larger landform.

Due to their distinctive shapes, buttes are frequently landmarks in plains and mountainous areas. To differentiate the two landforms, geographers use the rule of thumb that a mesa has a top that is wider than its height, while a butte has a top that is narrower than its height.
Maurice Prat
Maurice Prat (17 November 1928 — 15 May 2016) was a French rugby union international.

A native of Lourdes, Prat was born on his father's farm, situated next to the town's main rugby union stadium. He was the younger brother of France flanker Jean Prat and spent his entire club career with local side FC Lourdes during a successful era, playing in six national championship wins.

Prat, a hard-hitting centre, was capped 31 times by France from 1951 to 1958, often forming a centre combination with Lourdes teammate Roger Martine. He was a member of two Five Nations shared title wins and stood in as captain for a 1958 Five Nations match against Ireland, which France won.

In 2006, Prat was made a Knight of the Legion of Honor.

Lourdes
Lourdes (/lʊərd/, also US: /lʊərdz/, French: [luʁd] ⓘ; Occitan: Lorda [ˈluɾðɔ]) is a market town situated in the Pyrenees. It is part of the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region in southwestern France. Prior to the mid-19th century, the town was best known for its Château fort, a fortified castle that rises up from a rocky escarpment at its center.

In 1858, Lourdes rose to prominence in France and abroad due to the Marian apparitions to the peasant girl Bernadette Soubirous (later canonized a saint by the Catholic Church for her virtuous life). Shortly thereafter, the city and its Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes became among the world's most important sites for pilgrimage and religious tourism.
Pavlich
Pavlich is an anglicized version of the Croatian surname Pavlić. Notable people with the surname include:

W. S. Pavlich (born unknown), writer

Katie Pavlich (born 1988), American journalist

Matthew Pavlich (born 1981), Australian footballer

Michael Pavlich, Australian broadcaster

Michael Pavlich
Michael Pavlich is an Australian radio producer and presenter with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC).

Pavlich first became known as the producer for Trevor Chappell's Overnights program from Monday to Thursday mornings, but increasingly became known as a presenter in his own right due to filling in for Chappell when he was not available. He is commonly nicknamed "Pav" by Chappell and by listeners to the program.

In July 2023, Pavlich replaced Chappell as host of Overnights from Monday to Thursday mornings. Chappell moved to host Afternoons on ABC Radio Melbourne but returned as presenter of the program in 2025. Pavlich is currently hosting Overnights from Friday to Sunday mornings.

Pavlich is also a musician, playing in the Melbourne-based band the Last Hotel. He is writing a novel and is related to the Australian rules footballer Matthew Pavlich. He is known to be interested in collecting vintage cereal box toys.
Crown Prince Frederik Land
Crown Prince Frederik Land (Greenlandic: Kunngissaq Frederik Nuna; Danish: Kronprins Frederik Land) is an area in the northernmost part of Greenland that is named after the current Danish king, Frederik X. It is bordered to the west by Knud Rasmussen Land, to the north by Peary Land and to the east by King Frederik VIII Land.

The territory was awarded by the first Prime Minister of Greenland, Jonathan Motzfeldt in 2000, after the then crown prince completed a four-month-long expedition from Qaanaaq (Thule) and north of Greenland down to Sled Patrol Sirius' headquarters in Daneborg, an expedition that stretched over 3000 km and completed by dog sled.

Peary Land
Peary Land is a peninsula in northern Greenland, extending into the Arctic Ocean. It reaches from Victoria Fjord in the west to Independence Fjord in the south and southeast, and to the Arctic Ocean in the north, with Cape Morris Jesup, the northernmost point of Greenland's mainland, and Cape Bridgman in the northeast.
James B. McGovern Jr.
James Bernard McGovern Jr. (February 4, 1922 – May 6, 1954) was an American fighter pilot and later an aviator with the Central Intelligence Agency. He and co-pilot Wallace Buford were the only Americans to die in combat in the First Indochina War. At the time, they were officially employees of Civil Air Transport.

Fighter pilot
A fighter pilot or combat pilot is a military aviator trained to engage in air-to-air combat, air-to-ground combat and sometimes electronic warfare while in the cockpit of a fighter aircraft. Fighter pilots undergo specialized training in aerial warfare and dogfighting (close range aerial combat). A fighter pilot with at least five air-to-air kills becomes known as an ace.
Liu Jiao (prince)
Liu Jiao (Chinese: 劉交; died c. April 179 BC), courtesy name You (游), posthumous name Prince Yuan of Chu (楚元王), was a younger full brother of Emperor Gaozu of Han, the founder of the Han dynasty, and a famous scholar. Emperors of the Liu Song dynasty claimed descent from Liu Jiao.

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
Leading sire in Australia
The list below shows the leading sire of Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia for each season since 1883–84. This is determined by the amount of prize money won by the sire's progeny during the season.

The 2016 novel Mount! by Jilly Cooper describes the process to gain the fictional title for global leading sire.

Mount!
Mount! is a 2016 novel by English author Jilly Cooper. It is the tenth book in the Rutshire Chronicles series. The plot centres on Rupert Campbell-Black's efforts to have his horse Love Rat named as leading sire, which forces him to travel the world, putting a strain on his marriage to Taggie. To research the novel Cooper spoke to a range of people, including trainers Robert Cowell, Mark Prescott and Henry Cecil. The cover of the novel was criticised pre-release, with suggestions that it looked "50-Shadesian". Whilst the novel received mixed reviews, with criticism focussed on its treatment of non-consensual sex and characterisation, Jenny Colgan, reviewing the novel stated that what readers really look to Cooper's books for is "joy ... daft, silly, boozy joy, and if you like joy, you’ll like this".
Agapito Rodríguez
Agapito Rodríguez Bermejo (born 16 March 1965) is a Peruvian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He made one appearance for the Peru national team in 1993. He was also part of Peru's squad for the 1993 Copa América tournament.

1993 Copa América
The 1993 Copa América was the 36th Copa América, CONMEBOL's football tournament for national teams. It was held in Ecuador between 15 June and 4 July. All 10 CONMEBOL members took part, but for the first time two nations from outside CONMEBOL were invited to take part in the tournament, to round out the format. Mexico and the United States, both of CONCACAF, were the invited teams for this tournament. Argentina defeated Mexico in the final 2–1 to win their record 14th continental championship, also their last senior title until 2021.

It was the first edition of the Copa América in which neither Brazil nor Uruguay finished in the top four. This next occurred in 2015.
Neurosymploca? oligocenica
Neurosymploca? oligocenica is an extinct species of moth in the family Zygaenidae, and possibly in the modern genus Neurosymploca. The species is known from Early Oligocene, Rupelian stage, lake deposits near the commune of Céreste in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France.

Céreste-en-Luberon
Céreste-en-Luberon (French pronunciation: [seʁɛst ɑ̃ lyb(ə)ʁɔ̃; -lybeʁɔ̃], literally Céreste in Luberon; before 2024: Céreste; Occitan: Ceirèsta) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France. It is known for its rich fossil beds in fine layers of "Calcaire de Campagne Calavon" limestone, which are now protected by the Parc naturel régional du Luberon and the Réserve naturelle géologique du Luberon.
Pelargos
Pelargos (Greek: Πελαργός) is a Greek tomato company and it is one of the major tomato paste brands in the country.  It is headquartered in Athens in the Athens Industrial Area west of downtown.  It manufactures tomato pastes and are used on pasta, lasagna and other cuisines.

Pelargos has several factories across Greece including one 1 km southeast of the centre of Gastouni. The factory is on the southwest side of the GR-9 (Patras - Pyrgos - Kyparissia about 1 km south and east of the new one (also the E75). Its area is by 500 m and 800 m making it the largest building in town. Its production parking is also on the right side. The road to Palaiochori lies to the south. It was constructed in the mid to late-20th century and was first opened later on.

European route E75
European route E 75 is part of the International E-road network, which is a series of main roads in Europe.

The E 75 starts at the town of Vardø in Norway by the Barents Sea, and it runs south through Finland, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Greece.  The road ends after about 4,380 kilometres (2,720 mi) (not counting ferries) at the town of Sitia on the eastern end of the island of Crete in the Mediterranean Sea, it being the most southerly point reached by an E-road. (The northernmost one is the E69.)

From the beginning of the 1990s until 2009, there was no ferry connection between Helsinki and Gdańsk. However, Finnlines started a regular service between Helsinki and Gdynia. It is also possible to take a ferry from Helsinki to Tallinn and drive along the E67 from Tallinn to Piotrków Trybunalski in Poland and then continue with the E75.
Integration (festival)
Integration is the annual techno-cultural fest of Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata usually held during last three weekends of January each year. It is one of the biggest campus events in Kolkata, and attracts participation from all over the world.

Tanmoy Bose
Tanmoy Bose, whose name is often preceded by the title Pandit (Master), is an Indian percussionist and tabla player, musical producer, film actor and composer. He has collaborated with Pandit Ravi Shankar, Anoushka Shankar and Amjad Ali Khan, and created the musical group The Taal Tantra Experience in 2002.
Bismarck Tower (Ballenstedt)
The Bismarck Tower (German: Bismarckturm) on the 268-metre (879 ft) high Stahlsberg above Opperode in Germany is a monument to the former German chancellor, Bismarck. The tower can be used as an observation tower. It was built in 1914/15.

Harz
The Harz (German: [haːɐ̯ts] ⓘ), also called the Harz Mountains, is a highland area in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The name Harz derives from the Middle High German word Hardt or Hart (hill forest). The name Hercynia derives from a Celtic name and could refer to other mountain forests, but has also been applied to the geology of the Harz. The Brocken is the highest summit in the Harz with an elevation of 1,141.1 metres (3,744 ft) above sea level. The Wurmberg (971 metres (3,186 ft)) is the highest peak located entirely within the state of Lower Saxony.