hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Spray
Thomas L. Spray (born 1948) is an American cardiothoracic surgeon who served as Chief of the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and the Mortimer J. Buckley Jr. MD Endowed Chair in Cardiac Surgery at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Professor of Surgery at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He retired in 2018.

Cardiothoracic surgery
Cardiothoracic (CT) surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thoracic cavity — generally treatment of conditions of the heart (heart disease), lungs (lung disease), and other pleural or mediastinal structures.

In most countries, cardiothoracic surgery is further subspecialized into cardiac surgery (involving the heart and the great vessels) and thoracic surgery (involving the lungs, esophagus, thymus, etc.); the exceptions are the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, India and some European Union countries such as Portugal.
Olufemi Obafemi
Olufemi Obafemi (born 4 April 1950) is a Nigerian poet, playwright, author and Professor of English and Dramatic Literature at the University of Ilorin since October 1990. He is the 76th recipient of the Nigerian National Order of Merit (NMOM) award (2018). He was the President of the Nigerian Academy of Letters between 2016 and 2018, when he was succeeded by Francis Egbokhare.

Nigerian National Order of Merit Award
The Nigerian National Order of Merit Award (NNOM) is an academic award conferred on distinguished academicians and intellectuals who have made outstanding contributions to the academic, growth and development of Nigeria.
The award is often conferred on its recipient by the Federal Government of Nigeria following a nomination and approval of the Governing Board of the Nigerian National Merit Award.
Its recipient is often decorated by the President of Nigeria. Recipients of the award have the legal right to use the postnominal title: Nigerian National Order of Merit (NNOM).
It is the highest academic award in Nigeria and since its institution in 1979, the award has so far been conferred on only 70 distinguished academicians.
Maleflixxx Television
Maleflixxx Television is a Canadian exempt English language specialty channel. It is a premium adult entertainment television channel, with programming consisting of gay male pornography. It is also noted as the first 24-hour channel of its kind in the world. Maleflixxx Television also has plans to be distributed internationally in the future, including the United States and Europe.

Maleflixx Television is owned by Channel Zero Inc. in conjunction with Sureflix Digital Distribution (a provider of gay adult programming) who program and operate the service.

Specialty channel
A specialty channel (also known in the United States as a cable channel or cable network) can be a commercial broadcasting or non-commercial television channel which consists of television programming focused on a single genre, subject or targeted television market at a specific demographic.
Greatest Hits (Rick Astley album)
Greatest Hits is a compilation by English singer Rick Astley released in the UK in 2002 and in the US a year later. While the American version features alternate mixes focused between 1987 and 1991, the European version features hits up to his 2002 album Keep It Turned On. It sold over 100,000 copies in the UK and was certified gold by the BPI. The UK release saw the debut appearance of Astley's 2001 single "Sleeping", thus making it a brand-new track for listeners.

Rob Fisher (British musician)
Rob Fisher (5 November 1956 – 25 August 1999) was an English keyboardist and songwriter from Cheltenham, England, who achieved chart success as a member of the new wave band Naked Eyes and, later, Climie Fisher. He attended Lord Wandsworth College in Hampshire, where he was a member of a band called Cirrus with Nick Ryall (guitar and flute) and Ray Coop (bass).
People's Tamil Congress
People's Tamil Congress is an unregistered extraparliamentary Sri Lankan political party led by L. P. Shanmuganathan. In the 2005 presidential election the party supported Mahinda Rajapaksa but in the 2010 election the supported the opposition candidate Sarath Fonseka. In the April 2010 parliamentary election People's Tamil Congress participated as a part of General Fonseka's Democratic National Alliance. Party leader Shanmuganathan was candidate in Colombo Electoral District but neither he nor any party member was elected.

Colombo Electoral District
Colombo Electoral District is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Colombo in the Western province. The district currently elects 19 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 1,765,351 registered electors in 2024. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 01.
Alphadelphia Association
Alphadelphia Association was a Fourierist commune established near Galesburg, Michigan, in Comstock Township, Michigan in 1844. The commune was led by Dr. H. R. Schetterly, a German physician. The association purchased three thousand acres (12 km2) of land of land and constructed a large mansion. At its peak, the community likely had around 300 members, and by 1846, the common property was valued at $43,897.21. The commune disbanded in 1848.

Two of the primary founders were Reverend Richard Thornton and Reverend James Billings, both Universalist preachers. They also published the commune's newspaper, The Alphadelphia Tocsin, from 1844 to 1846.

Galesburg, Michigan
Galesburg is a city in Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,049 at the 2020 census.

Galesburg is located along the north side of the Kalamazoo River. The city is situated on M-96 and is just north of I-94 (with exits due south of the city's west side and about one mile (1.6 km) to the east). Kalamazoo is about ten miles (16 km) to the west and Battle Creek is about ten miles (16 km) to the east.
Dirt Road Anthem
"Dirt Road Anthem" is a country rap song written and sung by American singers Colt Ford and Brantley Gilbert first (who also wrote Aldean's hit "My Kinda Party"), each of whom recorded his own version of the song. Jason Aldean covered the song for his 2010 album My Kinda Party, and released it as the third single from the album in April 2011. The song debuted as a single as Aldean's previous single, "Don't You Wanna Stay", was at the number one spot on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. On November 30, the song received a nomination at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Country Solo Performance. It is the best-selling song in digital history by a male country solo artist in the United States with over four million sold.

Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance
The Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards. According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide, it is designed for solo (vocal or instrumental) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only.

The award combines the previous categories for Best Female Country Vocal Performance, Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Instrumental Performance (if it is an instrumental solo performance). The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards and to eliminate the distinctions between male and female performances.
Shixing language
Shixing (Chinese: 史興語; pinyin: Shǐxìngyǔ), also rendered Shuhi, is a Qiangic language of Sichuan, China. Two-thirds of its speakers are monolingual.

Shixing is also known by its Tibetan name Xumi (旭米; Xùmǐ); it is spoken by about 1800 people living by the Shuiluo River 水洛 in Shuiluo Township 水洛乡, Mili Tibetan Autonomous County.

Katia Chirkova reports two varieties.

Upper Xumi (autonym: ʂuhĩ)

Lower Xumi (autonym: ʃʉhẽ)

Open back unrounded vowel
The open back unrounded vowel, or low back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɑ⟩. The letter ⟨ɑ⟩ is called script a or handwritten a because it lacks the extra hook on top of a printed letter a, which corresponds to a different vowel, the open front unrounded vowel. Script a, which has a full length linear stroke on its right, should not be confused with turned script a, ⟨ɒ⟩, which has the linear stroke on its left and corresponds to a rounded version of this vowel, the open back rounded vowel.

The open back unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the pharyngeal approximant [ʕ̞].
Siirt
Siirt (Kurdish: سێرت, romanized: Sêrt; Arabic: سِعِرْد, romanized: Veleye; Armenian: Սղերդ, romanized: S'gherd; Syriac: ܣܥܪܬ, romanized: Siirt;) is a city in the Siirt District of Siirt Province in Turkey. It had a population of 160,340 in 2021. The city is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan.

Romanization of Kurdish
The romanization of Kurdish language is the practice of transcribing the Kurdish, traditionally written in both Arabic and Latin scripts, into a standardized Latin alphabet. The development of Kurdish romanization systems supports the need for digital communication, linguistic research, and accessibility for Kurdish speakers and Kurdish speakers in diaspora communities. These systems strive to maintain phonetic precision and consistency across the diverse Kurdish dialects.
Ameer Vann
Ameer Emmanuel Vann (born September 22, 1996) is an American rapper. He is best known for being a member of music collective Brockhampton, until he left Brockhampton in May 2018. After leaving Brockhampton, Vann started his solo career and released his first commercial EP, Emmanuel, in September 2019.

Saturation II
Saturation II is the second studio album by American hip hop boy band Brockhampton, released on August 25, 2017. Production is primarily handled by Romil Hemnani, alongside production duo Q3 (composed of Jabari Manwa and Kiko Merley), Bearface, Kevin Abstract, and Joba.
2023 Thailand Champions Cup
The 2023 Thailand Champions Cup was the 7th Thailand Champions Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Thai League 1 and Thai FA Cup. As Buriram United won both competitions in 2022–23, their opponents were the 2022–23 Thai League 1 runners-up, Bangkok United. It was sponsored by Daikin, and known as the Daikin Thailand Champions Cup (Thai: ไดกิ้น ไทยแลนด์แชมเปียนส์คัพ) for sponsorship purposes. The match was played on 5 August 2023 at the Rajamangala National Stadium in Bang Kapi, Bangkok. It has live broadcast on PPTV HD and AIS Play.

2022–23 Thai League 1
The 2022–23 Thai League 1 is the 26th season of the Thai League 1, the top Thai professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1996, also known as Hilux Revo Thai League due to the sponsorship deal with Toyota Motor Thailand. A total of 16 teams will compete in the league. The season began on 12 August 2022 and is scheduled to conclude on 12 May 2023.

The 1st transfer window is from 25 May to 9 August 2022 while the 2nd transfer window is from 19 December 2022 to 17 January 2023.

Buriram United are the defending champions, while Lamphun Warriors, Sukhothai and  play-off winner Lampang have entered as the promoted teams from the 2021–22 Thai League 2.
Albion W. Knight Jr.
Albion Williamson Knight Jr. (1 June 1924 – 22 May 2012) was the second Archbishop of the United Episcopal Church of North America (UECNA) from 1989 until his resignation in 1992. During his tenure, Knight more than tripled the number of parishes belonging to the church. He later helped found the Church of England (Continuing), a conservative church in England that opposes both the growth of Anglo-Catholic practices and doctrines and the more liberal religious and social stance of the Church of England.

Anglo-Catholicism
Anglo-Catholicism comprises beliefs and practices that emphasise the Catholic heritage, especially pre-Reformation roots, of the Church of England and other churches within Anglicanism. Anglo-Catholicism claims to restore liturgical and devotional expressions of church life that reflect the ancient practices of the early and medieval church.

The term was coined in the early 19th century, although movements emphasising the Catholic heritage of Anglicanism already existed. Particularly influential in the history of Anglo-Catholicism were the Caroline Divines of the 17th century, the Jacobite Nonjuring schism of the 17th and 18th centuries, and the Oxford Movement, which began at the University of Oxford in 1833 and ushered in a period of Anglican history known as the "Catholic Revival".
In the Nightside Eclipse
In the Nightside Eclipse is the debut studio album by Norwegian black metal band Emperor, released in 1994 through Candlelight Records. It was their only album with drummer Faust and one-time bassist Tchort. Considered a landmark in the black metal scene, the album has been ranked by critics as one of the most influential albums of the genre. It contains some of Emperor's best known tracks, "I Am the Black Wizards" and "Inno a Satana".

Samoth
Tomas Thormodsæter Haugen (born 9 June 1974), better known by his stage name Samoth is a Norwegian guitarist and multi-instrumentalist in the country's black metal scene. He is well known for his distinct guitar work and drumming in the band Emperor, as well as his formation of the death metal band Zyklon. In very early Emperor releases, he was called Samot (his name "Tomas" backwards), and with the formation of Zyklon he became known as Zamoth. Samoth was the owner of the record label Nocturnal Art Productions and had a close relationship with Candlelight Records.
Breda PG
The Breda Modello PG (Italian: Presa Gas, "gas operated") was a family of guns, composed both by semi-automatic rifles and carbines and select fire carbines manufactured by Breda in the first half of the 1930s.

Società Italiana Ernesto Breda
Società Italiana Ernesto Breda (lit. 'Ernesto Breda Italian Society'), more usually referred to simply as Breda, was an Italian mechanical manufacturing company founded by Ernesto Breda in Milan in 1886.
P. M. K. Tennakoon
Pathiraja Mudiyanselage Kapuruhamy Tennekoon (born 16 May 1917) was a Ceylonese politician. He was the member of Parliament of Sri Lanka from Mihintale representing the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. He was defeated in the 1977 general election.

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
The Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP; Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය, romanised: Śrī Laṁkā Nidahas Pakṣaya; Tamil: இலங்கை சுதந்திரக் கட்சி, romanised: Ilaṅkai Cutantirak Kaṭci) is a centre-left political party in Sri Lanka. Founded by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike in 1951, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties from the 1950s to the 2010s, serving as the main rival of the centre-right United National Party. Following a split in the late 2010s and subsequent electoral losses, the influence of the party has since diminished.

The party is generally considered as having a democratic socialist or progressive economic agenda and is often associated with Sinhalese nationalist parties. The party follows a non-aligned foreign policy but has historically had close ties to socialist nations.
Grips-Theater
The Grips-Theatre in Berlin (official name: GRIPS Theater) is a well-known and well-respected emancipatory children's and youth theatre, located at Altonaer Straße at Hansaplatz in the Hansaviertel in Berlin's Mitte district. It is "the first theatre worldwide to deal sociocritically with the lives and living conditions of children and young people and to incorporate this in original humorous and musical plays". It has gained a national and international reputation, not least due to its former artistic director Volker Ludwig's musicals for adults, such as its evergreen Linie 1, Café Mitte or the adaptation of Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. GRIPS' plays have been re-staged over 1,500 times in some 40 languages around the world.

Hansaplatz (Berlin U-Bahn)
Hansaplatz  is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U9 in the Hansaviertel district. It opened on 28 August 1961 with the first section of the new line running south–north from Spichernstraße to Leopoldplatz. The station itself had been erected as early as 1957 in the course of the Interbau housing development.

Right besides the U-bahn train station is Hansaplatz square. Now a non-discernible traffic junction, this was an active plaza before the war. Led by Kolleg X students from the Bauhaus in Dessau, there is an active movement to reclaim this Plaza as a community space and share it with the cars and bicycles that currently dominate.
Gareth Dillon
Gareth Dillon is a Gaelic football player with Portlaoise GAA and Laois GAA. He made his inter county debut on 7 February 2015, against Cavan. Dillon was named Laois Footballer of the Year in 2017.

Dillon is a former University College Dublin golf scholarship recipient and scratch player. He represented UCD from 2006 - 2009.

Cavan
Cavan (/ˈkævən/ KAV-ən; Irish: An Cabhán, meaning 'the hollow') is the county town of County Cavan in Ireland. The town lies in Ulster, near the border with County Fermanagh in Northern Ireland. The town is bypassed by the main N3 road that links Dublin (to the south) with Enniskillen, Ballyshannon and Donegal Town (to the north).
Eric James Stone
Eric James Stone (born 1967) is an American science fiction, fantasy, and horror author. He won the 2004 Writers of the Future contest, and has published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact, InterGalactic Medicine Show, and Jim Baen's Universe.  His 2010 novelette, "That Leviathan, Whom Thou Hast Made," won the Nebula Award for Best Novelette and was a finalist for the Hugo Award.

He became the assistant editor for Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show in 2009, and served as web-host for Tangent Online. He received a degree in political science at Brigham Young University and went on to graduate from Baylor Law School.  Stone lives in Eagle Mountain, Utah.

Writers and Illustrators of the Future
Writers and Illustrators of the Future is a science fiction and fantasy story and art contest that was established by L. Ron Hubbard in 1983 as Writers of the Future. A sister contest, Illustrators of the Future, was launched in 1988 and presents awards for science fiction art. Hubbard characterized the contest as a way of "giving back" to the field that had defined his professional writing life. The contest has no entry fee.

Notable past winners include Robert Reed, Dave Wolverton, Nancy Farmer, James Gardner, Scott Nicholson, Ian McHugh and Randy Henderson.
Hyakkai Zukan
Hyakkai-Zukan (百怪図巻; "The Illustrated Volume of a Hundred Demons") is a picture scroll (emakimono) painted in Genbun 2 (1737) by the Edo period Japanese artist Sawaki Suushi (佐脇嵩之 (Sawaki Sūshi), 1707–1772), a student of Hanabusa Itchō. The scroll serves as a supernatural bestiary, a collection of ghosts, spirits and monsters (yōkai), which Suushi based on literature, folklore, and other artwork. These images had a profound influence on subsequent yōkai imagery in Japan for generations.

It was formerly a possession of the costume history researcher and Nihonga painter Yoshikawa Kanpō (1894–1979) and is currently held by the Fukuoka City Museum.

Japanese literature
Japanese literature throughout most of its history has been influenced by cultural contact with neighboring Asian literatures, most notably China and its literature. Early texts were often written in pure Classical Chinese or lit. 'Chinese writing' (漢文, kanbun), a Chinese-Japanese creole language. Indian literature also had an influence through the spread of Buddhism in Japan.

During the Heian period, Japan's original kokufū culture (lit. 'national culture') developed and literature also established its own style, with the significant usage and development of kana (仮名) to write Japanese literature.

Following the end of the sakoku policy and especially during the increasing westernization of the Meiji era, Western literature has also had an influence on the development of modern Japanese writers, while Japanese literature has in turn become more recognized internationally, leading to two Japanese Nobel laureates in literature, namely Yasunari Kawabata and Kenzaburō Ōe.
Arthur Douglas Peppercorn
Arthur Douglas Peppercorn (28 February 1847 – 1926) was a London-born landscape painter who has been likened to Corot.  He was one of a group who had annual exhibitions at the gallery of the Royal Watercolour Society, including also the landscape painter James Aumonier, James Stevens Hill and John Leslie Thomson. He died in 1926 in Ashtead, Surrey.

His daughter was the international concert pianist Gertrude Peppercorn (1879–1966), a pupil of Tobias Matthay who made her concert debut at St James's Hall, London in 1897. In 1907 she married the writer Stacy Aumonier (1877–1928), the nephew of James Aumonier.
Another daughter was Maud Peppercorn, a suffragette. She married the chemical engineer Sir Arthur Duckham (1879–1932).

John Leslie Thomson
John Leslie Thomson (1851-1929) was a British artist. He was born in Aberdeen. He mainly painted coastal scenery and landscapes. He painted both in watercolour and in oils, starting to exhibit his work in London in 1872. His works are exhibited in museums and galleries including The Atkinson, Paisley Museum and Art Galleries, Laing Art Gallery, Victoria and Albert Museum, Glasgow Museums, Bradford Museums and Galleries, Kirkcaldy Galleries, and Perth Art Gallery.
Basketball at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Basketball at the 1984 Summer Olympics was the eleventh appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event. It took place at The Forum in Inglewood, California, United States from July 29 to August 10. The United States won the gold medal in both events, with the women's team's victory marking their first-ever gold medal. Due to the boycott, the Soviet Union and Hungary withdrew from the tournament. The former, having already qualified for both events was replaced by West Germany in the men's competition, while both nations' women's teams were replaced by Australia and South Korea.

Australia at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Australia competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States.  Australian athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games. 242 competitors, 169 men and 73 women, took part in 137 events in 22 sports.
J. B. Gribble
John Brown Gribble FRGS (1 September 1847 – 3 June 1893) was an Australian minister of religion, noted for his missionary work among Aboriginal people in New South Wales, Western Australia and Queensland. His appointment in Western Australia was cancelled within a year due to hostility from squatters and others who had Aboriginal employees.

Squatting (Australian history)
In the history of Australia, squatting was the act of occupying tracts of Crown land, typically to graze livestock. Though most squatters initially held no legal rights to the land they occupied, the majority were gradually recognised by successive colonial authorities as the legitimate owners of the land due to being among the first (and often only) white settlers in their area. The term squattocracy, a play on aristocracy, was coined to refer to squatters as a social class and the immense sociopolitical power they possessed.