hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Low-cycle fatigue
Low cycle fatigue (LCF) has two fundamental characteristics: plastic deformation in each cycle; and low cycle phenomenon, in which the materials have finite endurance for this type of load. The term cycle refers to repeated applications of stress that lead to eventual fatigue and failure; low-cycle pertains to a long period between applications.

Study in fatigue has been focusing on mainly two fields: size design in aeronautics and energy production using advanced calculation methods.  The LCF result allows us to study the behavior of the material in greater depth to better understand the complex mechanical and metallurgical phenomena (crack propagation, work softening, strain concentration, work hardening, etc.).

Aeronautics
Aeronautics is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight-capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere. 
While the term originally referred solely to operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business, and other aspects related to aircraft. The term "aviation" is sometimes used interchangeably with aeronautics, although "aeronautics" includes lighter-than-air craft such as airships, and includes ballistic vehicles while "aviation" technically does not.

A significant part of aeronautical science is a branch of dynamics called aerodynamics, which deals with the motion of air and the way that it interacts with objects in motion, such as an aircraft.
Lemme Makgekgenene
Lemme Makgekgenene (died 2005) was a Botswana politician. He joined the Botswana Democratic Party in 1962. He was elected to represent Tonota in the Parliament of Botswana in the 1965 general election. Makgekgenene worked to keep the tribal chiefs politically neutral, which brought him into conflict with the Bangwaketse chief Seepapitso IV.

Makgekgenene won reelection until he was defeated by Pono Moatlhodi in the 1999 general election. Makgekgenene died at Princess Marina Hospital on 15 August 2005. Makgekgenene was posthumously awarded Presidential Order of Honour by Ian Khama in 2008.

Seepapitso IV
Kgosi Seepapitso IV (17 October 1933 in Thaba Nchu – 24 March 2010 in Gaborone) was a chief of the Ngwaketse tribe of Botswana.  He was the son of the late Chief Bathoen II. He led the House of Chiefs for many years and was one of the most respected chiefs in Botswana. Seepapitso also served as the ambassador to the United States and to China.
Schedule H
Schedule H is a class of prescription drugs in India appearing as an appendix to the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 introduced in 1945. These are drugs which cannot be purchased over the counter without the prescription of a qualified doctor. The manufacture and sales of all drugs are covered under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Rules. It is revised at times based on the advice of the Drugs Technical Advisory Board, part of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.  The most recent schedule H (2006) lists 536 drugs from abacavir to zuclopenthixol.

However, enforcement of Schedule H laws in India is lax, compared to the more restrictive Schedule X, for which a mandatory documentation trail must be maintained.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) is a ministry of the Government of India charged with health policy in India. It is also responsible for all government programs relating to family planning in India.

The Minister of Health and Family Welfare holds cabinet rank as a member of the Council of Ministers. The current minister is  Jagat Prakash Nadda, while the current Minister of State for Health are Anupriya Patel and Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav.

Since 1955, the Ministry regularly publishes the Indian Pharmacopoeia through the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC), an autonomous body for setting standards for drugs, pharmaceuticals and healthcare devices and technologies in India.
Police Battalion 306
The Police Battalion 306 (Polizeibattalion 306) was a formation of the Order Police (uniformed police) during the Nazi era. During the Soviet-German war of 1941–45, it was deployed in German-occupied areas of the Soviet Union, as part of Nazi Germany's security forces tasked with "bandit-fighting". Alongside other SS and police units, it participated in the Holocaust and was responsible for large-scale crimes against humanity targeting civilian populations.

University Press of Kansas
The University Press of Kansas is a publisher located in Lawrence, Kansas. Operated by the University of Kansas, it represents the six state universities in the US state of Kansas: Emporia State University, Fort Hays State University, Kansas State University (K-State), Pittsburg State University, the University of Kansas (KU), and Wichita State University.

The press was established in 1946, with major reorganizations in 1967 and 1976. Today, it operates as a consortium with representation from each of the participating universities. It is currently located on the west portion of the KU campus. The University Press of Kansas is currently a member of the Association of University Presses and has been since 1946.
Chebureki
Chebureki (sg. Cheburek) are deep-fried turnovers with a filling of ground or minced meat and onions. A popular street dish, they are made with a single round piece of dough folded over the filling in a crescent shape. They have become widespread in the former Soviet-aligned countries of Eastern Europe in the 20th century.

Chebureki is a national dish of Crimean Tatar cuisine. They are popular as a snack and street food throughout the Caucasus, West Asia, Central Asia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Ukraine, Russia, Eastern Europe, as well as in Turkey, Greece and Romania.

Middle Eastern cuisine
Middle Eastern cuisine includes a number of cuisines from the Middle East. Common ingredients include olives and olive oil, pitas, honey, sesame seeds, dates, sumac, chickpeas, mint, rice and parsley, and popular dishes include kebabs, dolmas, falafel, baklava, yogurt, doner kebab, shawarma and mulukhiyah.
Paperweight (book)
Paperweight is a collection of writings by Stephen Fry, first published in the United Kingdom in 1992.

The book contains a wide selection of Fry's journalism, including comment pieces, reviews and criticism.

There are transcripts of several radio performances, including 22 appearances from BBC Radio 4's Loose Ends show in the character of eccentric Cambridge philologist Professor Donald Trefusis, who appeared as a major character in Fry's first novel, The Liar (1991).

The book also includes the script of a play, Latin! or Tobacco and Boys, an early work by Fry set in a prep school in England, which won the "Fringe First" prize at the Edinburgh Festival in 1980. It had a 2009 revival with performances opening on 23 June at The Cock Tavern Theatre in London, directed by Adam Spreadbury-Maher.

Cock Tavern Theatre
The Cock Tavern Theatre was a pub theatre located in Kilburn in the north-west of London. The venue specialised in new works and critical revivals. Resident companies Good Night Out Presents and OperaUpClose were also based at the venue. It shut in 2011, due to health and safety problems regarding the Victorian staircases that serviced the theatre.
Dovid Katz
Dovid Katz (Yiddish: הירשע־דוד כ״ץ‎, also הירשע־דוד קאַץ‎, Hirshe-Dovid Kats, [ˌhirʃɛ-ˈdɔvid ˈkɑt͡s], born 9 May 1956) is an American-born Vilnius-based scholar, author, and educator specializing in Yiddish language and literature, Lithuanian-Jewish culture, and the Holocaust in Eastern Europe.

Algemeiner Journal
The Algemeiner Journal, known informally as The Algemeiner, is a newspaper based in New York City that covers American and international Jewish and Israel-related news. It is widely read by Hasidic Jews.
Stella Maris Leverberg
Stella Maris Raquel "Marilú" Leverberg (12 September 1962 – 3 January 2020), was an Argentine politician. She was a National Deputy for the province of Misiones and Secretary General of the local teaching union.

Oberá
Oberá, formerly Svea, is a city in the interfluvial province of Misiones, Argentina, and the head town of the Oberá Department. It is located 96 km east of the provincial capital Posadas, on National Route 14, and about 1,150 km north of Buenos Aires. It has 63,960 inhabitants according to the 2010 census [INDEC].
Dille
Dille is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

A. B. Dille, American football and basketball player and coach

Bob Dille (1917–1998), American basketball player and coach

Flint Dille (born 1955), American screenwriter and video game designer

Steve Dille (1945–2020), American veterinarian and politician

Willie Dille (1965–2018), Dutch politician

Flint Dille
Flint Dille (/ˈdɪli/; born 1955) is an American screenwriter, game designer and novelist. He is best known for his animated work on Transformers, G.I. Joe, An American Tail: Fievel Goes West, and his game-writing, The Chronicles of Riddick: Escape from Butcher Bay, and Dead to Rights, as well as a non-fiction book written with John Zuur Platten, The Ultimate Guide to Video Game Writing and Design.
Rivière à la Pêche
The rivière à la Pêche is a tributary of Chigoubiche River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ashuapmushuan in the Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in province of Quebec, in Canada.

The valley of the Rivière à la Pêche is mainly served by forest roads which connect northwards to route 167.

Forestry (mainly forestry) is the main economic activity in this valley; secondly, recreational tourism activities, mainly because of the Ashuapmushuan Wildlife Reserve.

Ashuapmushuan Wildlife Reserve
The Ashuapmushuan Wildlife Reserve is a wildlife reserve in Quebec, Canada, in the watershed of the Ashuapmushuan River. It is mainly located in the region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, between the municipality of La Doré and the city of Chibougamau, and covers an area of 4,488 square kilometres (1,733 sq mi).

This area was first visited by "Montagnais" Innu people who practiced the fur trade. With the arrival of Europeans in the area, several trading posts, called Postes du Roi, were established on the shores of lakes Ashuapmushuan and Nicabau. The word Ashuapmushuan is a term in Montagnais Innu language, meaning "where we see the moose".
Shijingshan, Beijing
Shijingshan District (Chinese: 石景山区; pinyin: Shíjǐngshān Qū) is an urban district of the city of Beijing. It lies to the west of the urban core of Beijing, and is part of the Western Hills area, bordering the districts of Haidian to the northeast and east, Fengtai to the south, and Mentougou to the west. The district consists of 9 subdistricts of Beijing's city proper.

Although the hills around Yunju Temple may also be called Shijingshan, they have Chinese characters different from those of the district and hence are unrelated to Shijingshan District.

It is 86 square kilometres (33 sq mi) in area, making it one of the smaller districts in the greater urban part of Beijing (the immense Mentougou District to the west of it dwarfs Shijingshan District), and is home to 489,439 inhabitants (2000 Census). Its postal code is 100043.

Jin'anqiao station
Jin'anqiao station (simplified Chinese: 金安桥站; traditional Chinese: 金安橋站; pinyin: Jīn'ānqiáo zhàn, also known as JIN'ANQIAO station or Jin'an Qiao station) is an interchange station on Line 6, Line 11 and Line S1 of the Beijing Subway.

The Line S1 station opened on December 30, 2017, and was the eastern terminus of Line S1 until the opening of Pingguoyuan on December 31, 2021. The Line 6 station was opened on December 30, 2018, and is the western terminus of Line 6. The Line 11 station opened on December 31, 2021, and was the northern terminus of Line 11 until the opening of Moshikou on December 30, 2023.

The Line 6 station and the Line 11 station are underground. The Line S1 station is elevated.
Jeruzal
Jeruzal [jɛˈruzal] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mrozy, within Mińsk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies on the Chojnatka River, approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-west of Kowiesy, 16 km (10 mi) east of Skierniewice, and 64 km (40 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź. It was probably founded in the 13th century.

Gmina Mrozy
Gmina Mrozy is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Mrozy, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Mińsk Mazowiecki and 56 km (35 mi) east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 145.24 square kilometres (56.1 sq mi), and as of 2023 its total population is 8,640.
Gironde's 12th constituency
The 12th constituency of the Gironde (French: Douzième circonscription de la Gironde) is a French legislative constituency in the Gironde département. Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using the two-round system, with a run-off if no candidate receives over 50% of the vote in the first round.

Deputy (France)
Deputies (French: députés and députées, pronounced [depyte] ⓘ), also known in English as members of Parliament (MPs), are the legislators who sit in the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament. The 17th and current legislature of the Fifth Republic has a total of 577 deputies, elected in 577 constituencies across metropolitan (539) and overseas France (27), as well as for French residents overseas (11).
Scrobipalpula psilella
Scrobipalpula psilella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is widely distributed throughout the Palaearctic region. It has also been recorded from North America.

The wingspan is 11–13 mm. Adults are on wing in August.

The larvae feed on Artemisia campestris, Artemisia maritima, Artemisia santonicum, Artemisia vulgaris, Aster alpinus, Aster amellus, Aster tripolium, Centaurea scabiosa, Erigeron acer, Gnaphalium species and Helichrysum arenarium.  Larvae can be found from May to June and again in September. They are green with a light grey head.

Artemisia vulgaris
Artemisia vulgaris, commonly known as mugwort, common mugwort, or wormwood, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is one of several species in the genus Artemisia commonly known as mugwort, although Artemisia vulgaris is the species most often called mugwort.  Mugworts have been used medicinally and as culinary herbs.
Greek Dark Ages
The Greek Dark Ages (c. 1180–800 BC) was a period in Ancient Greece characterized by societal collapse of civilization, where the palaces and cities of the Mycenaeans were either destroyed, abandoned, or both.

At around the same time, the Hittite civilization in modern-day Turkey also suffered serious disruption and collapse, with cities from Troy to Gaza being destroyed. Moreover, in Egypt, the New Kingdom fell into disarray, leading to the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt. Following this mass destruction, there were fewer, smaller settlements, which suggests widespread famine and depopulation. On the Greek mainland, the Linear B script, used by Mycenaean bureaucrats to write the Greek language, ceased to be used. The later Greek alphabet did not develop until hundreds of years later, in the beginning of the Protohistoric Iron Age, c. 800 BC.

Oikos
Oikos (Ancient Greek: οἶκος Ancient Greek pronunciation: [ôi̯.kos]; pl.: οἶκοι) was, in Ancient Greece,  two related but distinct concepts: the family and the family's house.  Its meaning shifted even within texts.

The oikos was the basic unit of society in most Greek city-states.  For regular Attic usage within the context of families, the oikos referred to a line of descent from father to son from generation to generation.  Alternatively, as Aristotle used it in his Politics, the term was sometimes used to refer to everybody living in a given house. Thus, the head of the oikos, along with his immediate family and his slaves, would all be encompassed.  
Large oikoi also had farms that were usually tended by the slaves, which were also the basic agricultural unit of the ancient Greek economy.
Richard Williams (boxer)
Richard "The Secret" Williams (born 9 May 1971) is an English professional light middle/middle/super middleweight boxer of the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s who won the International Boxing Organization (IBO) light middleweight title, and Commonwealth light middleweight title (twice), and was a challenger for the International Boxing Organization (IBO) light middleweight title against Sergio Gabriel Martínez, and British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) British middleweight title against Howard Eastman, his professional fighting weight varied from 149+3⁄4 lb (67.9 kg; 10 st 9.8 lb), i.e. light middleweight to 162+1⁄4 lb (73.6 kg; 11 st 8.3 lb), i.e. super middleweight. Richard Williams is trained by Brian Lawrence, and managed by Barry Hearn, and John Rooney.

Barry Hearn
Barry Maurice William Hearn (born 19 June 1948) is an English sports promoter who is founder and president of Matchroom Sport. Through Matchroom, Hearn is also involved in many sports including boxing, snooker, darts, pool, tenpin bowling, golf, table tennis and fishing. Until April 2021 Hearn was the chairman of the Professional Darts Corporation and until July 2010, chairman of the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association. Until July 2014, he was the chairman of Leyton Orient F.C.
Lee Gowan
Nelson Lee Gowan (born in 1961) is a Canadian novelist.

Gowan grew up on a farm near Swift Current, Saskatchewan, and studied at the University of British Columbia, where he received a Master of Fine Arts degree in creative writing. Gowan is presently based in Toronto where he heads the creative writing program at the School of Continuing Studies, University of Toronto.

At the 1996 Gemini Awards, Gowan was nominated for his screenplay Paris or Somewhere. In 2002 his novel Make Believe Love was nominated for the Trillium Award for Best Book in Ontario.

In 2006 his novel The Last Cowboy was published by Albin Michel in France as Jusqu'au bout du ciel.

Trillium Book Award
The Trillium Book Award (French: Prix littéraire Trillium or Prix Trillium) is an annual literary award presented to writers in Ontario, Canada. It is administered by Ontario Creates, a Crown agency of the Government of Ontario, which is overseen by the Ministry of Heritage, Sport, Tourism and Culture Industries. The monetary component for the award includes amounts paid to the author of the book and to the publisher of the book. The award has been expanded several times since its establishment in 1987: a separate award for French-language literature was added in 1994, an award for poetry in each language was added in 2003, and an award for French-language children's literature was added in 2006.
Birch Island Run
Birch Island Run is a stream in Cameron County and Clinton County, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River and is 7.2 miles (11.6 km) long. There are a number of coal seams in the Birch Island Run watershed, as well as iron ore. Mining has been done in the watershed. The watershed is 15.3 square miles in area and is almost entirely forested. The stream's tributaries include Little Birch Island Run and Amos Branch. Parts of the watershed are affected by acid mine drainage. However, brook trout live in the stream.

Clinton County, Pennsylvania
Clinton County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,450. Its county seat is Lock Haven.  Clinton County comprises the Lock Haven, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Williamsport-Lock Haven, PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Central region of the commonwealth.
Fading Fast
Fading Fast is a rare EP by country music singer Kelly Willis. A&M Records originally released the CD as a promotional item, then later issued a limited number of copies for sale only in Texas. It features recordings with Jay Farrar of Son Volt, and with the band 16 Horsepower. One of its tracks, "He Don't Care About Me," was written by Willis's husband, country music singer Bruce Robison.

Jay Farrar
Jay Stuart Farrar (born December 26, 1966) is an American songwriter and musician based in St. Louis. A member of two critically acclaimed music groups, Uncle Tupelo and Son Volt, he began his solo music career in 2001. Beyond being a songwriter, Farrar plays guitar, piano, harmonica, and sings.
Olav Økern
Olav Økern (3 June 1911 – 11 April 2000) was a Norwegian cross-country skier who competed in the 1930s and 1940s. He won a bronze in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz.

In addition, he won a silver in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1938 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships and the 18 km event at the 1940 Holmenkollen ski festival. Because of those wins, Økern earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1950. His uncle, Harald Økern, had earned the same medal in 1924.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Quantitative metathesis
Quantitative metathesis (or transfer of quantity) is a specific form of metathesis or transposition (a sound change) involving quantity or vowel length. By this process, two vowels near each other – one long, one short – switch their lengths, so that the long one becomes short, and the short one becomes long.

In theory, the definition includes both

long-short → short-long

and

short-long → long-short,

but Ancient Greek, which the term was originally created to describe, displays only the former, since the process is part of long-vowel shortening.

Vowel
A vowel (/ˈvaʊ.əl/) is a speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress. The nucleus, or "center", of a syllable typically consists of a vowel sound (though this is not always the case).

The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). 
In English, the word vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them: ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, and sometimes ⟨y⟩, and ⟨w⟩.
1993–94 Cypriot Cup
The 1993–94 Cypriot Cup was the 52nd edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 50 clubs entered the competition. It began on 1 December 1993 with the first preliminary round and concluded on 28 May 1994 with the final which was held at Tsirion Stadium. Omonia won their 10th Cypriot Cup trophy after beating Anorthosis 1–0 in the final after extra time.

Cypriot Fourth Division
The Cypriot Fourth Division (Greek: Τέταρτη Κατηγορία) was the fourth tier football league competition in Cyprus, ran by the Cyprus Football Association. Each year, the top finishing teams of the league were promoted to the Cypriot Third Division, and the lowest finishing teams were relegated to the amateur leagues.