hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ethnic groups in Russia
Russia, as the largest country in the world, has great ethnic diversity. It is a multinational state and home to over 190 ethnic groups countrywide. According to the population census at the end of 2021, more than 147.1 million people lived in Russia, which is 4.3 million more than in the 2010 census, or 3.03%. At the same time, only 130.587 million census participants indicated their nationality. The top ten largest nations besides Russians included in descending order: Tatars, Chechens, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Avars, Armenians, Ukrainians, Dargins and Kazakhs. Population censuses in Russia allow citizens to report their nationality according not only to their ancestry, but also to self-identification. The 83 federal subjects which together constitute the Russian Federation include:

21 national republics (self-governing regions organized along ethnic lines)

4 autonomous okrugs (usually with substantial or predominant ethnic minority)

1 autonomous oblast

Autonomous okrugs of Russia
Autonomous okrugs, (Russian: автономный округ, romanized: avtonomnyy okrug) which are also referred to as "autonomous districts" or "autonomous areas" are a type of federal subject of the Russian Federation and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2024, Russia has four autonomous okrugs of its 83 federal subjects. The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is the only okrug which is not subordinate to an oblast. The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a part of Arkhangelsk Oblast, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are parts of Tyumen Oblast.

According to the Constitution of the Soviet Union, in case of a union republic voting on leaving the Soviet Union, autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts, and autonomous okrugs had the right, by means of a referendum, to independently resolve whether they will stay in the USSR or leave with the seceding union republic, as well as to raise the issue of their state-legal status.
Jackie Paris
Carlo Jackie Paris (September 20, 1924 – June 17, 2004) was an American jazz singer and guitarist. He is best known for his recordings of "Skylark" and "'Round Midnight" from the late 1940s to the early 1950s.

Skylark (song)
"Skylark" is an American popular song with lyrics by Johnny Mercer and music by Hoagy Carmichael, published in 1941. The lilting melody has attracted many jazz interpretations for its technical complexity which, when mastered, delivers an expressive peacefulness. Mercer wrote the romantic lyrics following his affair with Judy Garland.

The song is considered a jazz standard.
Mountview House Group
Mountview House Group Limited was a taxi holding company, based in Finsbury Park in the north London borough of Islington, comprising Radio Taxis, Xeta and One Transport. In 2016, it was acquired by Gett, Inc.

Gett
GT GETTAXI (UK) LIMITED, commonly referred to as Gett and previously known as GetTaxi, is an Israeli B2B Ground Transportation Management (GTM) platform and marketplace, and B2C ride-hailing app headquartered in London, and owned by GT GetTaxi (UK) Limited

In May 2024, it was reported that Pango would purchase the "Gett" transportation service application at a price of approximately 175 million dollars.
Murphy Varnish Works
Established in 1865, Murphy Varnish Works was once the largest varnish-producing company in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The company was founded by Franklin Murphy, who later created the Essex County park system as a New Jersey legislator, and served as the 31st governor of New Jersey from 1902 to 1905. The company closed in 1950.

One of the six buildings operated by the company in the Ironbound neighborhood was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 9, 1979, but remained vacant until 2016, when Javier Meleiro, restored it and converted it into 46 rental apartments renamed as the Murphy Varnish Lofts.

Governor of New Jersey
The governor of New Jersey is the head of government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. The office of governor is an elected position with a four-year term. There is a two consecutive term limit, with no limitation on non-consecutive terms. The official residence of the governor is Drumthwacket, a mansion located in Princeton, New Jersey. The governor's office is located inside the New Jersey State House in Trenton, making New Jersey unique in having the executive's office located in the same building as the legislature. New Jersey is also notable as one of the few states in which the governor's official residence is not located in the state capital.

The first and longest-serving governor of New Jersey was William Livingston, who served from August 31, 1776, to July 25, 1790. A. Harry Moore remains the longest-serving popularly elected governor. The current and 57th governor is Mikie Sherrill, a Democrat who assumed office on January 20, 2026.
The Book of the Short Sun
The Book of the Short Sun (1999–2001) is a series of three science fantasy novels or one three-volume novel by the American author Gene Wolfe. It continues The Book of the Long Sun (1993–1996): they share a narrator and Short Sun recounts a search for Silk, the Long Sun hero. The two works are set in the same universe as The Book of the New Sun series that Wolfe inaugurated in 1980 and the Internet Speculative Fiction Database (ISFDB) catalogs all three as sub-series of the "Solar Cycle", along with some other writings.

Locus: The Magazine of the Science Fiction & Fantasy Field considered the three Short Sun volumes separately for annual "Best Novel" awards.

Locus (magazine)
Locus: The Magazine of The Science Fiction & Fantasy Field, founded in 1968, is an American magazine published monthly in Oakland, California. It is the news organ and trade journal for the English-language science fiction and fantasy fields. It also publishes comprehensive listings of all new books published in the genres (excluding self-published). The magazine also presents the annual Locus Awards. Locus Online was launched in April 1997, as a semi-autonomous web version of Locus Magazine.
Count of Guadalupe del Peñasco
The Count of Guadalupe del Peñasco (Spanish: Conde de Guadalupe del Peñasco) is a title of Spanish nobility granted by King Charles III of Spain to Don Francisco Javier de Mora y Luna, Colonel of Dragons of the provincial militias on 26 January 1768.

San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí, officially the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí, is one of the 32 states which compose the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 59 municipalities and is named after its capital city, San Luis Potosí.

It is located in eastern and central Mexico and is bordered by seven other Mexican states: Nuevo León to the north; Tamaulipas to the north-east; Veracruz to the east; Hidalgo, Querétaro and Guanajuato to the south; and Zacatecas to the north-west. In addition to the capital city, other major cities in the state include Ciudad Valles, Matehuala, Rioverde, and Tamazunchale.
Lauffen am Neckar
Lauffen am Neckar (German pronunciation: [ˌlaʊfn̩ ʔam ˈnɛkaʁ] ⓘ, lit. 'Lauffen on the Neckar') or simply Lauffen is a town in the district of Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is on the river Neckar, 9 kilometres (6 miles) southwest of Heilbronn. The town is famous as the birthplace of the poet Friedrich Hölderlin and for its quality wines – in particular the "Lauffener Katzenbeißer Schwarzriesling".

Upper Palatinate
The Upper Palatinate (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Oberpfalz, pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌpfalts] ⓘ, Bavarian: Obapfoiz, Owerpfolz) is an administrative district in the east of Bavaria, Germany. It consists of seven districts and 226 municipalities, including three cities.
Josef Ledwohn
Josef Ledwohn (24 October 1907 – 4 October 2003) was a prominent German trade unionist and Communist Party official who became an anti-Nazi resistance activist in 1933. He resurfaced in what became the British occupation zone after 1945 and was then, between 1946 and 1954, a leading member of the state parliament ("Landtag") in the newly reconfigured state of North Rhine-Westphalia. He was a leading exponent of German reunification, albeit under conditions to be determined by the East German ruling SED party and the residuum in the west of the old German Communist Party (which by this stage was widely perceived in West Germany as an ill-disguised proxy for Soviet imperialist ambitions).

Soviet empire
The term "Soviet empire" collectively refers to the world's territories that the Soviet Union dominated politically, economically, and militarily. This phenomenon, particularly in the context of the Cold War, is used by Sovietologists to describe the extent of the Soviet Union's hegemony over the Second World.

In a wider sense, the term refers to Soviet foreign policy during the Cold War, which has been characterized as imperialist: the nations which were part of the "Soviet empire" were nominally independent countries with separate governments that set their own policies, but those policies had to stay within certain limits decided by the Soviet Union. These limits were enforced by the threat of intervention by Soviet forces, and later the Warsaw Pact. Major military interventions took place in East Germany in 1953, Hungary in 1956, Czechoslovakia in 1968, Poland in 1980–81 and Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989. Countries in the Eastern Bloc were Soviet satellite states.
Suppasit Jongcheveevat
Suppasit Jongcheveevat (Thai: ศุภศิษฏ์ จงชีวีวัฒน์; born 21 February 1991), nicknamed Mew (Thai: มิว), is an actor, singer-songwriter, model, producer and entrepreneur. He gained prominence for his lead role as Tharn in TharnType (2019-2020). Suppasit has also appeared in shows such as Love Hurts (2023), Love is Like a Cat (2024), Homeroom 29 Hostages (2025) and The Twin Gambit (2025). In music, he debuted with the single "Season of You" in 2020 and released his first album titled 365 in 2021, becoming the first Thai artist to chart on Billboard's World Digital Song Sales with multiple entries in the top ten. He operates Sol Skipper and has co-founded businesses including a skincare brand, multiple cafes, an aesthetic clinic and a massage salon.

H&M
H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB, commonly known by its brand name H&M, is a Swedish multinational clothing company headquartered in Stockholm. Built on a fast fashion business model, the retailer sells apparel, accessories, and homeware. The company operates thousands of stores across 75 geographical markets and employs over 171,000 people worldwide.

H&M is the second-largest international clothing retailer after Inditex. H&M was founded by Erling Persson in 1947 under the name Hennes. The CEO of H&M from 2020 to 2024 was Helena Helmersson. The current CEO, as of January 2024, is Daniel Ervér.
Darsing Dahathum
Darsing Dahathum  was a village development committee in Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 6598 people living in 1671 individual households. Bayarghari Bazaar is the common market of this village development committee (VDC). The small bazaar Bayarghari is one of the fastest growing bazaars of Syangja District. Most of the people living in this VDC are in the Indian Army. The national highway Siddhartha Highway passes through this VDC. There are several government schools as well as four private schools. The main government school is Dahathum Higher Secondary School which is near Bayarghari.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
Thattumpurath Achuthan
Thattumpurath Achuthan (transl. Achuthan on the loft) is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language comedy film directed by Lal Jose and scripted by M. Sindhuraj. The film stars Kunchacko Boban  in the lead role. It also features debutante Sravana and Thejus Jyothi. Roby Raj was the cinematographer and editing was done by Ranjan Abraham.

Lal Jose
Lal Jose is an Indian director, actor, producer, and distributor who works in the Malayalam film industry. He started his career as an Assistant director in the Malayalam cinema. His directorial debut was with the 1998 film Oru Maravathoor Kanavu.

Lal Jose started his film career as an assistant director to Kamal. Lal Jose worked on a slew of Kamal's films during the 1990s. His popular films include Chandranudikkunna Dikhil (1999), Meesa Madhavan (2002), Chanthupottu (2005),  Classmates (2006), Arabikkatha (2007),  Neelathaamara (2009), Diamond Necklace (2012), Ayalum Njanum Thammil (2012), Immanuel (2013), and Vikramadithyan (2014).
Tonguing the Zeitgeist
Tonguing the Zeitgeist is an Avantpop novel by Lance Olsen, published in 1994 by Permeable Press.  Finalist for the Philip K. Dick Award, it is a work of speculative fiction satirizing the commodification of the arts.

Philip K. Dick Award
The Philip K. Dick Award is an American science fiction award given annually at Norwescon and sponsored by the Philadelphia Science Fiction Society and (since 2005) the Philip K. Dick Trust.  Named after science fiction writer Philip K. Dick, it has been awarded since 1983, the year after his death.  It is awarded to the best original paperback published each year in the US.

The award was founded by Thomas Disch with assistance from David G. Hartwell, Paul S. Williams, and Charles N. Brown. As of 2025, it is administered by Pat LoBrutto, John Silbersack, and Gordon Van Gelder.  Past administrators include Algis Budrys and David G. Hartwell.
Lancia Ardea
The Lancia Ardea is a small family car produced by Italian car manufacturer Lancia between 1939 and 1953. Its unusually short bonnet reportedly contained the smallest V4 engine ever commercialized in a small family car.

Nearly 23,000 of the Ardeas produced were standard bodied saloons but between 1940 and 1942 approximately 500 Ardeas were manufactured with lengthened bodies and a squared off rear cabin for use in Rome as taxis. After the war more than 8,500 commercial adaptations of the Ardea known as 'furgoncini' (light van versions) and the 'camioncini' (car based light trucks) were also produced.

The third series Ardea, produced from 1948, was the first mass-produced car with a 5-speed manual transmission. Ardea was named either after Ardea town (Lazio), or Via Ardeatina, Roman road leading from Rome to that town.

Via Ardeatina
The Via Ardeatina (Ardeatine Way) was an ancient road of Rome leading to the town of Ardea, after which it is named.  Ardea lay 24 miles (39 kilometers) distant from Rome.

Its name is seen in the church of Annunciazione della Beata Vergine Maria a Via Ardeatina.
Madhire Ravinder Reddy
Madhire Ravinder Reddy is an Indian producer and the owner of Dwaraka Creations. Its latest production is Hotel Beautifool. The film stars Rejith Menon, Johny Lever, Brijendra Kala, Jia Sharma, Shaanti, Sagarika Chettri, Vishavpreet Kaur, Alisha Farrer, Imam Siddique and Sandeep Ghosh.

Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 6
Bigg Boss 6, also known as Bigg Boss 6: Alag Che!, is the sixth season of the Indian Hindi-language reality TV show Bigg Boss, which is telecast on Colors TV. The season started on 7 October 2012 and ended on 12 January 2013. Salman Khan, who was the host of the previous two seasons, again hosted the season. The sixth season was launched as a Parivarik season with a Gujarati tagline- Alag che! (English: It's different).

The series was won by soap actress Urvashi Dholakia on 12 January 2013. Imam Siddiqui was the first runner up while Sana Khan and Niketan Madhok were second and third runners-up respectively.

The final episode on 12 January had a 4.4 TVR (television rating points), becoming the highest-rated non-fiction show during the week. The finale also fared better than its previous season, which had dropped to 3.6 TVR. In the fourth season, the finale had rated a 6.7 TVR.  The show averaged 3.3 TVR in the week ended 12 January compared to 2.8 in the trailing week.
Lauri Valonen
Lauri Valonen (28 November 1909 – 2 October 1982) was a Finnish nordic combined skier who competed in the 1930s. He won a silver medal in the individual event at the 1935 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Vysoké Tatry.

Valonen also finished 4th in the individual event at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Vysoké Tatry
Vysoké Tatry (lit. 'High Tatras'; Hungarian: Magastátra, pronounced [ˈmɒgɒʃtaːtrɒ]; Polish: Wysokie Tatry, pronounced [vɨˈsɔkʲɛ ˈtatrɨ]; Czech: Vysoké Tatry, pronounced ['vɪsokeː tatrɪ]), formally Mesto Vysoké Tatry (lit. 'The Town of High Tatras') is a town at the feet of the Slovak part of High Tatras in Slovakia including all the major resorts in that region. It was created in 1990, and its official name from 1990 to 1999 was Starý Smokovec, which is the name of one of its major settlements.
2005 NASDAQ-100 Open – Women's singles
Kim Clijsters defeated Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2005 Miami Open. She did not lose a set during the tournament, and became the second woman to achieve the Sunshine Double (after Steffi Graf). At the time, Clijsters was the lowest-ranked player to win the title, doing so as the world No. 38.

Serena Williams was the three-time defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to her sister, Venus Williams.

Stéphanie Foretz
Stéphanie Foretz (born 3 May 1981) is a professional tennis player from France.

Foretz won nine singles and 16 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 24 February 2003, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 62. On 19 May 2008, she peaked at No. 42 in the doubles rankings.

Foretz was an accomplished junior player, having reached the final of the girls' tournament at the 1999 French Open. She also was selected to play for the Boston Lobsters in the 2009 World TeamTennis pro league.

In 2010, Foretz married Benoît Gacon and began competing under the name Stéphanie Foretz Gacon. In 2014, however, she reverted to her maiden name as Stéphanie Foretz.
Ghazi (warrior)
A ghazi (or gazi /ˈɡæzi/; Arabic: غازي ghāzī [ɣaːˈziː], pl. ghuzāt) is an individual who participated in a ghazwa (غَزْو [ɣazw]) – a military expedition or raid against those whom they considered "Kafirs". Early Islamic literature characterised as ghazwa the expeditions led by the Islamic prophet Muhammad; later, Turkic military commanders used the word to refer to their wars of conquest.

In the context of the wars between Russia and the Muslim peoples of the Caucasus, starting as early as Sheikh Mansur's  resistance to Russian expansion from 1785 to 1791, the word ghazwa usually appears in the form gazavat (Russian: газават).

In English-language literature, the word ghazw often appears as "razzia", a borrowing through French from Maghrebi Arabic.

In modern Turkic languages, such as Turkish and Azerbaijani, the word gazi refers to veterans, and also (as a title) to Turkic Muslim champions such as Ertuğrul (Ertuğrul Ghazi) and Sultan Osman I (Osman Ghazi).

Danishmendids
The Danishmendids or Danishmends (Turkish: Dânişmendliler) were a Turkish dynasty. These terms also refer to the Turkish state in Anatolia. It existed from 1071/1075 to 1178 and is also known as the Danishmendid Beylik (Turkish: Dânişmendliler Beyliği). The dynasty was centered originally around Sivas, Tokat, and Niksar in central-northeastern Anatolia, and extended as far west as Ankara and Kastamonu for a time, and as far south as Malatya, which they captured in 1103. In the early 12th century, the Danishmends were rivals of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, which controlled much of the territory surrounding the Danishmend lands, and they fought extensively against the Crusaders.

The dynasty was established by Danishmend Gazi for whom historical information is rather scarce and was generally written long after his death. His title or name, Dānishmand (دانشمند) means "wise man" or  "one who searches for knowledge" in Persian.
Centro Cultural la Azotea
The Centro Cultural la Azotea ("La Azotea" Cultural Center) is a cultural center and museum complex, located in the township and municipality of Jocotenango in Guatemala's Sacatepéquez Department. It lies some 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of the department's capital Antigua Guatemala in the city's modern outskirts, and is approximately 43 kilometres (27 mi) from the national capital, Guatemala City.

The center comprises three separate museums, on the grounds of a coffee-growing estate or finca. The center contains a coffee museum, which illustrates the history of processing and marketing Coffee production in Guatemala, the Mayan Music Museum, also known as Casa K'ojom which houses Mayan musical instruments from pre-Columbian times, and the Rincon de Sacatepéquez Museum which has items related to traditional Guatemalan dress. The center also offers horse riding facilities and tours of the small coffee estate.

Sacatepéquez Department
Sacatepéquez (Spanish pronunciation: [sa.ka.teˈpe.kes]) is one of the 22 departments of Guatemala. The name comes from Sacatepéquez, a city from November 21, 1542, until July 29, 1773, when it was destroyed by the 1773 Guatemala earthquake.

The capital of the department is Antigua Guatemala. Other important cities include Ciudad Vieja and San Lucas Sacatepéquez, which also hosts a marketplace and is a culinary attraction. The Chajoma were a group of indigenous people who were Kaqchikel speaking Maya, they  identified Mixco Viejo as their capital, and spread throughout the Sacatepequez Department until their capital was moved to Ciudad Vieja, in Antigua.
PMD series mines
The PMD-6, PMD-7 and PMD-57 series mines are Soviet Union blast-type anti-personnel mines that consist of a wooden box with a hinged lid with a slot cut into it. The slot presses down against a retaining pin, which holds back the striker. When sufficient pressure is applied to the lid of the box the retaining pin moves, allowing the striker to hit the detonator. The mines typically have an operating pressure of 1 to 10 kg.

Due its minimal use of metal, it was virtually indetectable by 1940s metal detectors, but by the late 1990s it could be located at a range of 30 m (98 ft) with a Ebinger 420 or other contemporary detectors. As with other wooden box mines, the mine has a relatively short lifetime since the box is vulnerable to rotting and splitting, disabling the mine. In dry climates however,  PMD-6s were found in operational condition up to ten years after being laid.

The mines are sometimes used with mortar bombs in place of the normal explosive blocks.

ORDATA
ORDATA is a United States government database of landmines and other unexploded ordnance, developed to assist humanitarian demining work. The original version of ORDATA released in 1997 was CD-ROM based, and incorporated material from the earlier Minefacts program. ORDATA 2.0 was distributed on a CD-ROM and on the Internet.  The database is hosted on the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery website, a part of James Madison University.  In 2014-15 the interface underwent a revision and the data partially updated. The new site is known as the Collaborative ORDnance Data Repository (CORD) and is available online. An offline version is in development.