hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Belgium at the 2024 European Athletics Championships
Belgium competed at the 2024 European Athletics Championships in Rome, Italy, between 7 and 12 June 2024. A delegation of 59 athletes (41 individual athletes and 5 relay teams) was sent to represent the country.

2024 European Athletics Championships
The 26th European Athletics Championships were held from 7 to 12 June 2024 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy.

It was the third time Italy staged this sporting event after the inaugural 1934 edition in Turin, for men only, and the 1974 edition at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome. Thus, the city and the venue hosted the event for the second time after 50 years. Stadio Olimpico staged also the 1960 Olympic Games and 1987 World Championships in Athletics. The venue was renovated in 1990 and holds up to 70,000 spectators.

On 10 November 2020, the European Athletic Association (EAA) chose Rome at its 160th Council Meeting held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Italian capital was preferred to the city of Katowice in Poland.
Women in the Persian Constitutional Revolution
During the Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905-1911), Iranian women organized protests, raised funds, and even participated in armed resistance. Even though women did not have official political power and rights, Iranian women formed associations, some public and some secret. These organizations led boycotts, demonstrations, and many nationalist campaigns. Iranian women participated in the armed revolution by supporting the army with ammunition and food and disguising themselves as men to fight. The Iranian women who participated in the Constitutional Revolution were motivated by rising nationalist ideals that pushed them to become “patriotic women” who contributed to Iran’s progress.

Eliz Sanasarian
Eliz Sanasarian is an Iranian-American professor of political science at the University of Southern California. She is best known for her expertise and books on ethnic politics and feminism, particularly regarding the Middle East and Iran. Sanasarian joined the faculty in 1985.
Law of agency
The law of agency is an area of commercial law dealing with a set of contractual, quasi-contractual and non-contractual fiduciary relationships that involve a person, called the agent, who is authorized to act on behalf of another (called the principal) to create legal relations with a third party. It may be referred to as the equal relationship between a principal and an agent whereby the principal, expressly or implicitly, authorizes the agent to work under their control and on their behalf. The agent is, thus, required to negotiate on behalf of the principal or bring them and third parties into contractual relationship. This branch of law separates and regulates the relationships between:

agents and principals (internal relationship), known as the principal-agent relationship;

agents and the third parties with whom they deal on their principals' behalf (external relationship); and

principals and the third parties when the agents deal.

Quasi-contract
A quasi-contract (or implied-in-law contract or constructive contract) is a fictional contract recognised by a court. The notion of a quasi-contract can be traced to Roman law and is still a concept used in some modern legal systems. Quasi contract laws have been deduced from the Latin statement "Nemo debet locupletari ex aliena jactura", which proclaims that no one should grow rich out of another person's loss. It was one of the central doctrines of Roman law.
Quartic interaction
In quantum field theory, a quartic interaction or φ4 theory is a type of self-interaction in a scalar field.  Other types of quartic interactions may be found under the topic of four-fermion interactions. A classical free scalar field  satisfies the Klein–Gordon equation. If a scalar field is denoted , a quartic interaction is represented by adding an interaction energy term  to the Lagrangian density. The coupling constant  is dimensionless in 4-dimensional spacetime.

This article uses the  metric signature for Minkowski space.

Scalar field
In mathematics and physics, a scalar field is a function associating a single number to each point in a region of space – possibly physical space. The scalar may either be a pure mathematical number (dimensionless) or a scalar physical quantity (with units).

In a physical context, scalar fields are required to be independent of the choice of reference frame. That is, any two observers using the same units will agree on the value of the scalar field at the same absolute point in space (or spacetime) regardless of their respective points of origin.  Examples used in physics include the temperature distribution throughout space, the pressure distribution in a fluid, and spin-zero quantum fields, such as the Higgs field.  These fields are the subject of scalar field theory.
Xanthoparmelia crassilobata
Xanthoparmelia crassilobata is a species of terricolous (soil-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Cape Province at an elevation of 1,500 m (4,900 ft), where it was found growing on soil on flat dolerite outcrops in a pasture. The lichen has a leathery and bright yellowish-green thallus, measuring 4–8 cm (1.6–3.1 in) in diameter, that grows with a loosely adnate attachment to its substrate of soil and loose pebbles. It contains salazinic acid and usnic acid.

Usnic acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Frank H. Curd and Alexander Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including Usnea, Cladonia, Hypotrachyna, Lecanora, Ramalina, Evernia, Parmelia and Alectoria. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes.

At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate).
PRTM
PRTM became part of the management consulting business of PwC. PRTM's capabilities centered on the areas of operational strategy, supply chain innovation, product innovation, and customer experience innovation.

PRTM was specialized in these industry sectors: automotive, aerospace and defense, chemicals and process industries, telecommunications, consumer goods and retail, electronics, energy, financial services, healthcare, private equity, public sector, semiconductor, and software.

Software industry
The software industry includes businesses for development, maintenance and publication of software that are using different business models, mainly either "license/maintenance based" (on-premises) or "Cloud based" (such as SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, MBaaS, MSaaS, DCaaS etc.). The industry also includes software services, such as training, documentation, consulting and data recovery. The software and computer services industry spends more than 11% of its net sales for Research & Development which is in comparison with other industries the second highest share after pharmaceuticals & biotechnology.
CKCH
CKCH was a radio station which operated at 970 kHz on the AM band in Hull, Quebec, Canada from 1933 to 1994.

CKCH was also the original call sign of Ottawa radio station CNRO (later known as CBO) from February 27 to July 15, 1924

Hull, Quebec
Hull is the central business district and oldest neighbourhood of the city of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. It is located on the west bank of the Gatineau River and the north shore of the Ottawa River, directly opposite Ottawa. As part of Canada's National Capital Region, it contains offices for more than 20,000 civil servants. It was named after Kingston upon Hull in England.
Anjahambe
Anjahambe is a municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Vavatenina, which is a part of Analanjirofo Region. The population of the commune was 12498 in 2014.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in this town. The majority 90% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are rice and bananas, while other important agricultural products are coffee, cloves and vanilla.  Services provide employment for 5% of the population.

Analanjirofo
Analanjirofo is a region in northeastern Madagascar. It is a part of Toamasina Province. It borders the regions of Ambatosoa to the north, Sofia to the west, Alaotra-Mangoro to the southwest and Atsinanana to the south.

The capital of the region is Fenoarivo Atsinanana (French: Fénérive Est). In 2023 the region of Ambatosoa was created from the districts of Mananara Avaratra and Maroantsetra in the northern part of Analanjirofo, although Ambatosoa was not officially inaugurated until 26 July 2025. Since the creation of Ambatosoa, the area of the four districts making up Analanjirofo is 11,188 square kilometres (4,320 sq mi).
Saint Vincent's College
Saint Vincent’s College (Spanish: Colegio de San Vicente), officially known as St. Vincent's College Incorporated (SVC or SVCI), is a private Roman Catholic higher educational institution in Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. Founded as Dipolog Parochial School in 1917, it now offers programs from kindergarten to postgraduate levels.

Alumni and students of the college are referred to as Vincentians.

Zamboanga del Norte
Zamboanga del Norte (Cebuano: Amihanang Zamboanga; Subanon: Utara Sembwangan; Filipino: Hilagang Zamboanga), officially the Province of Zamboanga del Norte, is a province in the Philippines situated within the Zamboanga Peninsula region in Mindanao. Its capital and largest city is Dipolog and the province borders Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga Sibugay to the south, Misamis Occidental to the east, and the Sulu Sea to the west.

Zamboanga del Norte is the largest province of the Zamboanga Peninsula region by land area covering 7,301.00 square kilometres (2,818.93 sq mi). Zamboanga del Norte is the 26th populous province in the Philippines.
Bernadette Vergnaud
Bernadette Vergnaud (born 16 September 1950 in Montluçon, Allier) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2014, representing the west of France. She is a member of the Socialist Party, which is part of the Party of European Socialists.

During her time in Parliament, Vergnaud served on the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection. She was also a substitute for the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality, the delegation for relations with Mercosur, the delegation for relations with the Mashreq countries, and the delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly.

Allier
Allier (UK: /ˈælieɪ/ AL-ee-ay, US: /ælˈjeɪ, ɑːlˈjeɪ/ a(h)l-YAY; French: [alje] ⓘ; Occitan: Alèir) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region that borders Cher to the west, Nièvre to the north, Saône-et-Loire and Loire to the east, Puy-de-Dôme to the south, and Creuse to the south-west. Named after the river Allier, it had a population of 334,872 in 2021. Moulins is the prefecture; Montluçon and Vichy are the subprefectures. Its INSEE and post code is 03.

Before 2018, the inhabitants of the department did not have a demonym. The inhabitants of the department have officially been known in French as Bourbonnais since 2018, a reference to the historic province of Bourbonnais. Until then, the unofficial term Elavérins had been used.
People of Love
People of Love (Arabic: أهل الهوى, transliterated as Hawa al-Ahl) is an Egyptian film released on May 23, 1955. The film is directed and written by El-Sayed Ziada and stars Taheyya Kariokka, Shoukry Sarhan, Mahmoud el-Meliguy, Fouad Shafiq, and Mahmoud Shokoko. The movie was released on Eid al-Fitr.

Monologist
A monologist (/məˈnɒlədʒɪst, -ɡɪst/), or interchangeably monologuist (/məˈnɒləɡɪst/), is a solo artist who recites or gives dramatic readings from a monologue, soliloquy, poetry, or work of literature, for the entertainment of an audience.  The term can also refer to a person who monopolizes a conversation; and, in an obsolete sense, could describe a bird with an unchanging, repetitive song.
Vic Stelly
Victor Theodore Stelly (January 11, 1941 – December 26, 2020) was an American politician who was a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives, best known for the since repealed Stelly Plan tax-shifting amendment. He was also a member of the Louisiana Board of Regents for Higher Education from 2007 through 2013, resigning before his term ended because he was dismayed at cuts to higher education.

In 2006, Stelly was selected to the Louisiana Political Hall of Fame.

Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame
The Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame is a museum and hall of fame located in Winnfield, Louisiana. Created by a 1987 act of the Louisiana State Legislature, it honors the best-known politicians and political journalists in the state.
Harriet Crawley
Harriet Crawley (born 1948) is a British author, journalist, television presenter and art dealer.

She is daughter of British politician Aidan Crawley and American war correspondent Virginia Cowles. In 1987 she had a son, Spencer Henry Crawley. Later she married Gleb Shestakov in 1993 and then Julian Ayer around 2001.

Crawley unsuccessfully fought the Brent East Constituency in the 1987 general election running as a Tory, she lost to Labour veteran Ken Livingstone.

Crawley is a fluent speaker of Russian, French, German and Italian, as well as English.

Brent East
Brent East is a parliamentary constituency in north west London. It returns one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.

The seat first existed between 1974 and 2010 and was re-established under the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies which came into effect for the 2024 general election. In the intervening period, the seat was largely replaced by Brent Central.

The constituency is currently represented for the Labour Party by Dawn Butler, who previously served as MP for Brent Central (2015–2024) and Brent South (2005–2010).
Donghae, Gangwon
Donghae (Korean: 동해; Korean pronunciation: [to̞ŋ.ɦɛ̝], lit. 'East[ern] Sea') is a city in the state of Gangwon, South Korea. There are two major ports:  Donghae Harbor and Mukho Harbor.  The city is located on the Yeongdong Line railroad and the Donghae Expressway.  Numerous caverns are found in the city, as in neighboring Samcheok.  Hanzhong University was located here.

Administrative divisions of South Korea
South Korea is made up of 17 first-tier administrative divisions: 6 metropolitan cities (gwangyeoksi 광역시/廣域市), 1 special city (teukbyeolsi 특별시/特別市), 1 special self-governing city (teukbyeol-jachisi 특별자치시/特別自治市), and 9 provinces (do 도/道), including three special self-governing provinces (teukbyeol jachido 특별자치도/特別自治道) and six claimed by the ROK government. These are further subdivided into a variety of smaller entities, including cities (si 시/市), counties (gun 군/郡), districts (gu 구/區), towns (eup 읍/邑), townships (myeon 면/面), neighborhoods (dong 동/洞) and villages (ri 리/里).
Nacientes del Biobío Formation
Nacientes del Biobío Formation (Spanish: Formación Nacientes del Biobío) is a geological formation that crops out near the uppermost reaches of Bío Bío River, in south-central Chile, and nearby areas of Argentina. The formation is made up of basalt and pyroclastic rocks and marine sedimentary rocks, such as sandstone and mudstone. Some less abundant sedimentary lithologies are conglomerate, volcaniclastic sedimentary rock. The formation is intruded by Grupo Plutónico Galletué which is of Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous age. Further north in Chile the formation is similar to Nacientes del Teno Formation while in Argentina it is similar to Los Molles Formation and Lotena Formation.

Biobío River
The Biobío River (also known as Bío Bío or Bio-Bio) is the second largest river in Chile. It originates at Icalma and Galletué lakes in the Andes and flows 380 kilometres (236 mi) to the Gulf of Arauco (in Spanish) on the Pacific Ocean.

The major tributaries of the river are the Malleco and  the Laja. The river is Chile's second-longest river (the longest being the Loa River) and the Biobío basin is Chile's third largest watershed, after the Loa and Baker basins. The river is also the widest river in Chile, with an average width of 1 kilometre (0.6 mi). In the Metropolitan area of Concepción, four bridges cross the river: Biobío Railroad Bridge (1889), Juan Pablo II Bridge (1973), Llacolén Bridge (2000) and Bicentennial Bridge (2010).
Uzzano
Uzzano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pistoia in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 45 kilometres (28 miles) west of Florence and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Pistoia.

Uzzano borders the following municipalities: Buggiano, Chiesina Uzzanese, Pescia, Ponte Buggianese.

Pistoia
Pistoia (US: /pɪˈstɔɪə, piːˈstoʊjɑː/; Italian: [pisˈtoːja] ⓘ) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno. It is a typical Italian medieval city, and it attracts many tourists, especially in the summer. The city is famous throughout Europe for its plant nurseries.
Alexander Efimkin
Alexander Alexandrovich Efimkin (Russian: Александр Александрович Ефимкин; born 2 December 1981 in Kuybyshev) is a Russian former professional road bicycle racer, who competed professionally between 2006 and 2012 for the Barloworld, Quick-Step, Ag2r–La Mondiale and Team Type 1–Sanofi teams. Efimkin has also worked as the directeur sportif of the Russian Helicopters team in 2013, the RusVelo Women's Team in 2013 and the men's RusVelo team in 2014 and 2015.

The twin brother of Vladimir Efimkin, Alexander Efimkin burst on to the professional cycling scene in 2005 with a 2nd place overall at the Settimana Ciclistica Lombarda, a highly competitive race. Since that time he has proven a competent professional racer, with few victories to his name. In part this is owing to his service to the stars of his team, and in part due to his relatively young age.

Decathlon CMA CGM Team
Decathlon CMA CGM (UCI team code: DCT) is a French cycling team with UCI WorldTeam status. Its title sponsors are French sporting goods retailer Decathlon and French shipping and logistics company CMA CGM. The team is predominantly French.
Judith of Bavaria, Duchess of Swabia
Judith of Bavaria, Duchess of Swabia (19 May 1100 – 27 August 1130) was a duchess of Swabia by marriage to Frederick II, Duke of Swabia. She was the mother of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, also known as "Barbarossa".

Swabia
Swabia is a cultural, historical and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia, one of the German stem duchies, representing the historic settlement area of the  Germanic tribe alliances named Alemanni and Suebi.

This territory would include all of the Alemannic German area, but the modern concept of Swabia is more restricted, due to the collapse of the duchy of Swabia in the thirteenth century. Swabia as understood in modern ethnography roughly coincides with the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire as it stood during the early modern period, now divided between the states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg.

Swabians (Schwaben, singular Schwabe) are the natives of Swabia and speakers of Swabian German. Their number was estimated at close to 800,000 by SIL Ethnologue as of 2006, out of a total population of 7.5 million in the regions of Tübingen, Stuttgart and Bavarian Swabia.
Operation McLain
Operation McLain (also known as Operation Dan Thang) was a security operation conducted during the Vietnam War by the U.S. Army's 3rd Battalion, 506th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) 44th Regiment, 23rd Division in Bình Thuận Province, South Vietnam from 20 January 1968 to 31 January 1969.

23rd Division (South Vietnam)
The 23rd Division  (Vietnamese: Sư đoàn 23) of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)—the army of the nation state of South Vietnam that existed from 1955 to 1975—was part of the II Corps that oversaw the Central Highlands.
Abducted (album)
Abducted is the fourth studio album by Swedish melodic death metal band Hypocrisy, released in 1996. It saw the band move further into a more melodic direction than their earlier releases. The album was also released as a limited edition digipak, not to be confused with the non-limited edition digipak re-release. The album was since reissued alongside the band's earlier death metal albums, resulting in positive feedback.

The samples in the intro, "The Gathering", are taken from the so-called Halt Tape, which was allegedly recorded during the Rendlesham Forest incident on 26 December 1980.

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.
Tawfiq Ali
Tawfiq Ali Abuhammad (Arabic: تَوْفِيق عَلِيّ أَبُو حَمَّاد; born 8 November 1989) is a Palestinian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for the Palestine national football team and  Jabal Al-Mukaber in the West Bank Premier League.

He received his first senior cap in the bronze medal match of the 2011 Pan Arab Games against Kuwait. His first clean sheet as national team goalkeeper came on 29 February 2012 in a friendly against Azerbaijan, that ended with a 2–0 win for Palestine.

Football at the 2011 Arab Games
The men's football tournament at the 2011 Arab Games was held in Al Rayyan, Qatar from 10 to 23 December. The tournament was played at three venues in one host city. Egypt were the defending champions from the 2007 Arab Games in Cairo. Bahrain clinched the Gold Medal after beating Jordan 1–0.
Air Andaman
Air Andaman was a Thai regional airline based in Bangkok, Thailand. It was a regional carrier operating a small network of domestic and international services, as well as charter flights. The airline ceased all operations in 2004.

Regional airline
A regional airline is a general classification of airline which typically operates scheduled passenger air service, using regional aircraft, between communities lacking sufficient demand or infrastructure to attract mainline flights. In North America, most regional airlines are classified as "fee-for-departure" carriers, operating their revenue flights as codeshare services contracted by one or more major airline partners. A number of regional airlines, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, were classified as commuter airlines in the Official Airline Guide (OAG).