hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur H. Charles
Arthur H. Charles (July 1, 1911 – August 4, 1999) was an American politician from Maine. Charles, a Republican from Portland, three terms in the Maine Legislature between 1955 – 1960. In 1954, he was elected to the Maine House of Representatives. In 1956 and 1958, he won election to the Maine Senate.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)
The Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015) was an offensive led by the Iranian-backed militia Hezbollah, supported by the Syrian Army, during the Syrian Civil War, against the al-Nusra Front and other Syrian opposition forces entrenched in the mountains of the Qalamoun region.

Arsal
Arsal (also spelled Aarsal, Ersal or 'Irsal; Arabic: عرسال), is a town and municipality situated east of Labweh, 124 kilometres (77 mi) northeast of Beirut, in Baalbek District of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon. The population is predominantly Sunni Muslim.

It is a traditional town situated on the slopes of the Anti-Lebanon mountains. It is known for its local hand-made carpet industry. The area is known to be one of the few places in the Anti-Lebanon with a good water supply. The Lebanese Ministry of Tourism brochure suggests that the name Arsal or Ersal means "God's Throne" in Aramaic. It documents several rock-cut benches (mastabas) in the village, numerous historical monuments in the nearby hills and an ancient fortified structure in the nearby Wadi Al-Toun of unknown date.
Gladiolus watsonioides
Gladiolus watsonioides is a medium to high (½–1 m), herbaceous geophyte with sword-shaped leaves, flattened in the plain of the stem, and spikes of red funnel-shaped flowers, that is assigned to the iris family. In the wild, the species is restricted to the highlands of central Kenya and northern Tanzania, including on Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya and the Aberdare Range. It is sometimes called Mackinder's gladiolus.

Iridaceae
Iridaceae (/ɪrɪˈdeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically important cultivated plants, such as species of Freesia, Gladiolus, and Crocus, as well as the crop saffron.

Members of this family are perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome.  The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag.
Geneviève Saumur
Geneviève Saumur (born June 23, 1987) is a Canadian Olympic swimmer. She swam for Canada at the 2008 Olympics.

She currently holds the 200-metre freestyle (short-course and long-course) Canadian national record.

She has swum for Canada at:

2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships

2009 World Aquatics Championships

2008 Olympics

2007 World Championships

2006 Pan Pacs

2006 Commonwealth Games

She won a silver medal at the 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships as a member of the 4x100-metre freestyle relay team, and a bronze medal in the same event at the 2006 Commonwealth Games.  At the 2008 Summer Olympics, she was a member of the Canadian team that finished in 8th place in the 4x100-metre freestyle relay.

As of 2008, Saumur is studying at Ahuntsic CEGEP.

2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships
The eleventh edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, also known as the 2010 Mutual of Omaha Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m) event, was held in Irvine, California, United States, from August 18–22.
Lambridge Wood
Lambridge Wood  is a 73.8-hectare (182-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Henley-on-Thames in Oxfordshire. It is in the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Soil types in the wood vary from calcareous to very acid. The main trees are beech, and other trees include oak, ash and wych elm. The understorey in mainly bramble, and in some areas bracken.

Using the money he made from his TV programmes, the paleontologist Richard Fortey purchased four acres of the wood called Grim’s Dyke Wood, named after Grim's Ditch. He wrote up his investigation into its fauna and flora in The Wood for the Trees: The Long View of Nature from a Small Wood. The book claims that this patch of woodland is the very one that John Stuart Mill who, after a walk through it argued that such woods are “the great beauty of this country”.

Access routes include a footpath from Henley through Badgemore Park Golf Club.

Chiltern Hills
The Chiltern Hills or the Chilterns are a chalk escarpment in southern England to the northwest of London, covering 660 square miles (1700 sq km) across Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire and stretching 45 miles (72 km) from Goring-on-Thames in the southwest to Hitchin in the northeast. The hills are 12 miles (19 km) at their widest.

In 1964, 833 square kilometres - almost half of the Chiltern Hills - were designated by the Countryside Commission
as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) under the powers established by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.

The northwest boundary of the Chilterns is clearly defined by the escarpment. The dip slope is by definition more gradual and merges with the landscape to the southeast. The southwest endpoint is the River Thames. The hills decline slowly in prominence in northeast Bedfordshire.
Timothy Hill (politician)
Timothy Aaron Hill (born November 9, 1981) is an American politician who has served since 2023 as the state representative for Tennessee's 3rd house district. A member of the Republican Party, Hill previously served as state representative from 2013 to 2021.

Hill was first elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 2012. He was selected by the Republican Caucus as the House Majority Whip of the Tennessee House of Representatives in February 2016, following the resignation of Republican Representative Jeremy Durham.

Tennessee House of Representatives
The Tennessee House of Representatives is the lower house of the Tennessee General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. The House convenes, along with the Senate, at the Tennessee State Capitol in Nashville.
Lesser Poland Voivodeship Sejmik
The Lesser Poland Voivodeship Sejmik (Polish: Sejmik Województwa Małopolskiego) is the regional legislature of the Voivodeship of Lesser Poland. It is a unicameral parliamentary body consisting of thirty-nine councillors elected to five-year terms. The current chairperson of the assembly is Jan Tadeusz Duda.

The assembly elects the executive board that acts as the collective executive for the regional government, headed by the province's marshal. The current Executive Board of Lesser Poland is held by the Law and Justice party, headed by Marshal Łukasz Smółka

The assembly convenes within the Marshal's Office in Kraków.

Voivodeship executive board
The voivodeship executive board (Polish: Zarząd województwa) is the regional executive body of a province in Poland. An executive board consists of five members elected by provincial assemblies and chaired by a marshal.
Roninkai
The Rōninkai (浪人会, "The Society of Masterless Samurai") was a Japanese ultra-nationalist anti-democratic political group that shared many of its members with the similar organization Genyosha and the Black Dragon Society. It was founded by Tanaka Hiroyuki in 1908. Tōyama Mitsuru, Miura Gorō, Yukio Ozaki, Kazuo Kojima, Ryūsuke Miyasake, and Ryōhei Uchida were among its members.

Yukio Ozaki
Yukio Ozaki (尾崎 行雄, Ozaki Yukio; born 24 December 1858 – 6 October 1954) was a Japanese politician of liberal signature, born in modern-day Sagamihara, Kanagawa.  Ozaki served in the House of Representatives of the Japanese Diet for 63 years (1890–1953). He is still revered in Japan as the "God of constitutional politics" and the "father of the Japanese Constitution".
Astropy
Astropy is a collection of software packages written in the Python programming language and designed for use in astronomy. The software is a single, free, core package for astronomical utilities due to the increasingly widespread usage of Python by astronomers, and to foster interoperability between various extant Python astronomy packages. Astropy is included in several large Python distributions; it is listed in package managers for Linux and macOS, the Anaconda Python Distribution, Enthought Canopy and Ureka.

Anaconda (Python distribution)
Anaconda is an open source data science and artificial intelligence distribution platform for Python and R programming languages. Developed by Anaconda, Inc.,  an American company founded in 2012, the platform is used to develop and manage data science and AI projects. In 2024, Anaconda Inc. has about 300 employees and 45 million users.
Mizugumo Monmon
Mizugumo Monmon (水グモもんもん; lit. Water Spider Monmon) is a fifteen-minute Japanese animated short film released on January 3, 2006. It was written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki for animation studio Studio Ghibli. It can be seen at the Ghibli Museum in Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.

Mitaka, Tokyo
Mitaka (三鷹市, Mitaka-shi) is a city in the Western Tokyo region of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 190,403, and a population density of 12,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 16.42 square kilometres (6.34 sq mi).
Eparchy of Niš
The Eparchy of Niš (Serbian: Епархија нишка) is an eparchy (diocese) of the Serbian Orthodox Church with its seat in Niš, in Serbia. It has jurisdiction over the south-eastern regions of Serbia. Since 2017, Serbian Orthodox Bishop of Niš is Arsenije Glavčić.

Moesia
Moesia (/ˈmiːʃə, -siə, -ʒə/; Latin: Moesia; Greek: Μοισία, romanized: Moisía) was a Roman province situated in the Haemus  Peninsula, south of the Danube River. Created after the Danubian-Hæmus conquest during the reign of Augustus, Moesia included most of the territory of modern eastern Serbia, Kosovo, north-eastern Albania, northern parts of North Macedonia (Moesia Superior), Northern Bulgaria, Romanian Dobruja and small parts of Southern Ukraine (Moesia Inferior).
Outer Sydney Metropolitan Bus Service Contracts
The Outer Sydney Metropolitan Bus Service Contracts (OSMBSC) are contracts issued by the Government of New South Wales to bus operators in areas surrounding Sydney. These regions include the Hunter Region, Central Coast, Illawarra and the Blue Mountains. In 2016–17, 21.6 million passenger journeys were made on Outer Metropolitan bus services.

ComfortDelGro Australia
ComfortDelGro Australia is a major Australian public transport company and a wholly owned subsidiary of Singapore-listed company ComfortDelGro. Founded in October 2005 as ComfortDelGro Cabcharge, a joint venture between ComfortDelGro (51%) and Australian-listed Cabcharge (49%), it became fully owned by ComfortDelGro in 2017. It operates public transport, taxi and patient transport services nationwide across Australia, except in the states of Tasmania and South Australia.
Imanet
Imanet was a software company based in Windsor Ontario, servicing the international trade community.

Imanet's core products are in the areas of customs brokerage and freight forwarding.  Founded in 1989 by Cedomir Bekic, Imanet focuses on developing a highly automated and unified platform tying together customs brokerage, freight forwarding and accounting into one efficient database. They also have developed their own document management system which use linux based servers at client sites to provide FAX-to-SCP on the back end with a .NET based web GUI on the front end for customs filing, entry automation and text manipulation.

In 2005 Imanet software was used to process well over 25% of all shipments coming into Canada.

In 2010 Imanet was purchased by Descartes Systems Group, a software as a service provider based in Waterloo, Ontario.

Document management system
A document management system (DMS) is usually a computerized system used to store, share, track and manage files or documents. Some systems include history tracking where a log of the various versions created and modified by different users is recorded. The term has some overlap with the concepts of content management systems. It is often viewed as a component of enterprise content management (ECM) systems and related to digital asset management, document imaging, workflow systems and records management systems.
Gonzalo Alemán Migliolo
Gonzalo Alemán Migliolo (born 10 May 1954) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

He was the municipal president of Aldama, Tamaulipas, from 1978 to 1980, and, in the 2003 mid-terms, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent Tamaulipas's 7th district during the 59th session of Congress.

Aldama Municipality, Tamaulipas
Aldama is a municipality of the northeastern Mexican state of Tamaulipas. According to the census of 2010, the municipality had an area of 3,672 square kilometres (1,418 sq mi) and a population of 29,470, including the town of Aldama with a population of 13,661.
The New Press
The New Press is an independent non-profit public-interest book publisher established in 1992 by André Schiffrin (Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur) and Diane Wachtell, publishing many books with a left-wing political viewpoint.

John W. Dower
John W. Dower (born June 21, 1938, in Providence, Rhode Island) is an American author and historian. His 1999 book Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II won the U.S. National Book Award for Nonfiction, the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction, the Bancroft Prize, the Los Angeles Times Book Prize, the Mark Lynton History Prize, and the John K. Fairbank Prize of the American Historical Association.
Anastasia Voynova
Anastasia Sergeyevna Voynova (Russian: Анастасия Сергеевна Войнова, IPA: [ɐnəstɐˈsʲijə ˈvojnəvə]; born 5 February 1993) is a Russian professional track cyclist. She won the bronze medal in the 500 m time trial event at the 2014 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. At the 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, she won a silver medal in the team sprint and a gold in the 500 m time trial. At the 2015 UEC European Track Championships, Voinova broke the 500 m time trial world record in 32.794 seconds.

2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championships for track cycling in 2015. They took place in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (part of the Paris Metropolitan Area) at the Vélodrome de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines from 18–22 February 2015.
Platanthera ephemerantha
Platanthera ephemerantha is a species of orchid known by the common names white-flower rein orchid, and slender white piperia, and white-flowered piperia. It is native to western North America from Alaska to the San Francisco Bay Area, where it grows in coniferous forests and other habitat in coastal and inland mountain ranges within approximately 150 kilometers of the coast. It grows erect to about half a meter tall, emerging from a bulbous caudex. The basal leaves are up to 18 centimeters long by 3 centimeters wide. Leaves higher on the stem are much reduced. The upper part of the stem is a spikelike inflorescence of up to 100 small flowers, mostly arranged along one side of the stem. The fragrant, honey-scented flowers are whiter than those of other Platanthera, but sometimes green-tinged or green-veined, or green with white margins. The status of this species in the wild is difficult to determine because most populations are small and may produce flowers only rarely.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
Types of rural communities
Rural Sociologists have identified a number of different types of rural communities, which have arisen as a result of changing economic trends within rural regions of industrial nations.

The basic trend seems to be one in which communities are required to become entrepreneurial. Those that lack the sort of characteristics mentioned below, are forced to either seek out their niche or accept eventual economic defeat. These towns focus on marketing and public relations whilst bidding for business and government operations, such as factories or off-site data processing.

For instance, International Falls, Minnesota markets itself as a site for sub-zero temperature experiments, Ottawa, Illinois has attracted three Japanese firms, Freeport, Maine has become a center for mail-order companies such as L. L. Bean, and Mobile, Arizona has become the home of a number of solid-waste landfills.

International Falls, Minnesota
International Falls (sometimes referred to as I-Falls) is a city in and the county seat of Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 5,802 at the time of the 2020 census.

International Falls is located on the Rainy River directly across from Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada. The two cities are connected by the Fort Frances–International Falls International Bridge. Voyageurs National Park is located 11 miles east of International Falls. There is a major U.S. Customs and Border Protection Port of Entry on the International Falls side of the toll bridge and a Canadian Customs entry point on the north side of the bridge.

International Falls is nicknamed the "Icebox of the Nation", with an average of 109.4 days per year with a high temperature below 32 °F (0 °C).
Cyathochaeta equitans
Cyathochaeta equitans is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia.

The perennial sedge typically grows to a height of 0.6 to 1.2 metres (2.0 to 3.9 ft) with a tussock-like habit. The plant blooms between January and February producing brown flowers.

In Western Australia it is found mostly along the coast in the Wheatbelt, Peel, South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions where it grows in sandy soils.

It was first described in 1997 by Karen Wilson.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Ratne Raion
Ratne Raion (Ukrainian: Ратнівський район) was a raion in Volyn Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was the urban-type settlement of Ratne. The raion was abolished and its territory was merged into Kovel Raion on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Volyn Oblast to four. The last estimate of the raion population was 51,817 (2020 est.)

Kovel Raion
Kovel Raion (Ukrainian: Ковельський район) is a raion (district) in Volyn Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Kovel. Population: 265,304 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Volyn Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Kovel Raion was significantly expanded.

The district is divided into 23 territorial communities.

The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 40,395 (2020 est.).
Kozhimala
Kovilmala, locally known as Kozhimala (the hill of hen), is a tribal settlement and a small village near Kattappana in the district of Idukki in Kerala state, India. It is the only existing tribal kingdom in South India which falls under the Kanchiyar grama panchayath of Idukki tehsil (previously Udumbanchola tehsil). The Kingdom consists of namely four divisions such as 'Thekkottu Kattu Rajyam', 'Nadukkuda Kattu Rajyam', 'Athal Orupuram' and 'Chenkanattu Mala'. Goddess Madhura Minakshi of famed Madura Temple in Tamil Nadu is their Kuladevatha (tutelary deity).

Udumbanchola
Udumbanchola is a taluk in Idukki district of the Indian state of Kerala. This is in the high ranges. Nedumkandam is the major town and capital of Udumbanchola taluk. Mathikettan Shola National Park is located in Udumbanchola.

In July 2019, a team of historians found new menhir, perhaps the largest-ever recorded in Kerala, on the Pothamala hills in Udumbanchola taluk on the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border. According to them, Pothamala hills housed hundreds of cobbled stone structures, pointing to the existence of a structured graveyard of a prehistoric civilization.
Rakhi Singh
Rakhi Singh is a British violinist and composer who is best known as the Co-Founder and Co-Artistic Director of Manchester Collective. Her performances often focus on contemporary repertoire and often feature live electronic elements.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Yeh Hsien-chung
Yeh Hsien-chung (Chinese: 葉獻中; born on 1 July 1979) is a Taiwanese football professional coach and former futsal goalkeeper who is the assistant coach of Chinese Taipei. Nicknamed Red Dragon (Chinese: 紅中), he is better known as his performance in futsal games. He has represented Chinese Taipei in the 2004 Summer Olympics and AFC Futsal Championships. He has also been member of Tatung F.C. squad in AFC President's Cup 2006.

In 2009, Yeh became Chinese Taipei's goalkeeping coach. However, in the 2010 East Asian Football Championship, Yeh participated as a player in Chinese Taipei squad. He made his senior team debut in the game against Guam, in which Chinese Taipei won 4–2, on 25 August 2009.

Tatung F.C.
Tatung Football Club (Chinese: 大同足球隊), formerly known as Leopard Cat Football Club, is a Taiwanese professional football club based in Taipei, that competes in the Taiwan Football Premier League. The club, affiliated with the electronics-producing Tatung Company, was founded in 1963 by a group of Tatung employees favoring football activities. They are among the first clubs to be owned by a private enterprise on Taiwan.