hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lamé's special quartic
Lamé's special quartic, named after Gabriel Lamé, is the graph of the equation

where .  It looks like a rounded square with "sides" of length  and centered on the origin.  This curve is a squircle centered on the origin, and it is a special case of a superellipse.

Because of Pierre de Fermat's only surviving proof, that of the n = 4 case of Fermat's Last Theorem, if r is rational there is no non-trivial rational point (x, y) on this curve (that is, no point for which both x and y are non-zero rational numbers).

Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for specific exponents
Fermat's Last Theorem is a theorem in number theory, originally stated by Pierre de Fermat in 1637 and proven by Andrew Wiles in 1995.  The statement of the theorem involves an integer exponent n larger than 2.  In the centuries following the initial statement of the result and before its general proof, various proofs were devised for particular values of the exponent n.  Several of these proofs are described below, including Fermat's proof in the case n = 4, which is an early example of the method of infinite descent.
IBM Parallel Sysplex
In computing, a Parallel Sysplex is a cluster of IBM mainframes acting together as a single system image with z/OS.  Used for disaster recovery, Parallel Sysplex combines data sharing and parallel computing to allow a cluster of up to 32 systems to share a workload for high performance and high availability.

High availability
High availability (HA) is a characteristic of a system that aims to ensure an agreed level of operational performance, usually uptime, for a higher than normal period.

There is now more dependence on these systems as a result of modernization. For example, to carry out their regular daily tasks, hospitals and data centers need their systems to be highly available. Availability refers to the ability of the user to access a service or system, whether to submit new work, update or modify existing work, or retrieve the results of previous work. If a user cannot access the system, it is considered unavailable from the user's perspective. The term downtime is generally used to refer to describe periods when a system is unavailable.
Swimming at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 200 metre individual medley
The first heats of the Women's 200m Individual Medley took place on the morning of Sunday, July 26. The semifinal took place in the evening session of the same day and the final took place on the evening of the 27 July at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. The order of swimming in the medley was: Butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle

Butterfly stroke
Butterfly (shortened to fly) is a swimming stroke swum on the front, with both arms moving symmetrically, accompanied by the butterfly kick (also known as the "dolphin kick") along with the movement of the hips and chest.

It is the newest swimming style swum in competition, first swum in the early 1950s and originating from breaststroke.

For most competitive swimmers, butterfly is the second fastest stroke, only slower than front crawl.
Northwest Upstate Illini Conference
The Northwest Upstate Illini Conference  is a high school conference in northwest and north central Illinois. The conference participates in athletics and activities in the Illinois High School Association. The conference comprises 21 small public high schools with enrollments between 60-340 students in Carroll, Jo Daviess, Lee, Ogle, Stephenson, Whiteside, and Winnebago counties.

Whiteside County, Illinois
Whiteside County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 55,691. Its county seat is Morrison. The county is bounded on the west by the Mississippi River. Whiteside County comprises the Sterling, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Dixon-Sterling, IL Combined Statistical Area. U.S. President Ronald Reagan was born in 1911 in the Whiteside County community of Tampico.
Werner Lueg
Werner Lueg (16 September 1931 – 13 July 2014) was a West German middle distance runner who equalised Lennart Strand's and Gunder Hägg's 1500 m world record in 3:43.0 min in Berlin in 1952. He and Otto Peltzer are the only Germans to have held the 1500 m world record. He also won a bronze medal over 1500 m at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. The Olympic final was won by Josy Barthel. Lueg was born in Brackwede, near Bielefeld.

Lennart Strand
Lennart Strand (13 June 1921 – 23 January 2004) was a Swedish middle-distance runner who specialized in the 1500 m. In this event, he won the national title in 1945–47, 1949 and 1950 and the European title in 1946, beating his compatriot Henry Eriksson. Two years later he finished second behind Eriksson at the 1948 Summer Olympics. In 1947, Strand equaled Gunder Hägg's 1500 m world record of 3:43.0 in Malmö.

Strand retired from competitions in 1950, after abandoning the 1500 m final race at the European Championships. He then became an accomplished piano player, and released several jazz albums in 1952. He also worked as a sportswriter for the Sydsvenska Dagbladet newspaper. Strand died in 2004 due to injuries sustained in a traffic accident in late 2003.
Adobe Hills
The Adobe Hills are a low mountain range located in Mono County, Eastern California. It is also a volcanic field located on a fault zone within the western Mina Deflection near the northern Eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) and the Walker Lane belt (WLB). This fault has an east-west horizontal expansion of about 0.1 millimeters a year.

Volcanic field
A volcanic field is an area of Earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. The type and number of volcanoes required to be called a "field" is not well-defined. Volcanic fields usually consist of clusters of up to 100 volcanoes such as cinder cones. Lava flows may also occur. They may occur as a monogenetic volcanic field or a polygenetic volcanic field.
La Loche Formation
The La Loche Formation is a geologic formation of early Middle Devonian (Eifelian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It is present in northeastern Alberta and northwestern Saskatchewan and was first described by A. W. Norris in 1963, who named it for a Roman Catholic Mission at Lac La Loche. Its type section is located at Contact Rapids on the Clearwater River in Saskatchewan, northwest of Lac La Loche. It is not fossiliferous.

Eifelian
The Eifelian is the first of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 393.47 ± 0.99 million years ago to 387.95 ± 1.04 million years ago. It was preceded by the Emsian Stage and followed by the Givetian Stage.

North American subdivisions of the Eifelian Stage include Southwood, and part of Cazenovia (or Cazenovian).
Goedele Liekens
Goedele Maria Gertrude Liekens (Dutch: [ˈɣudələ ˈlikə(n)s]; born 21 January 1963 in Aarschot) is a Belgian politician, sexologist, TV host and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Belgium 1986 and represented her country at Miss Universe 1986. She also currently serving as a member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives for  Anders (formerly Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats), to which she was elected in 2019.

Miss Universe 1986
Miss Universe 1986 was the 35th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Panama, on 21 July 1986. At the conclusion of the event, Bárbara Palacios of Venezuela was crowned by Deborah Carthy-Deu of Puerto Rico. Seventy-seven contestants competed in this year.
2016−17 Coppa Italia Lega Pro
The 2016–17 Coppa Italia Lega Pro was the 45th edition of the Coppa Italia Lega Pro, the cup competition for Lega Pro clubs.

Foggia were the defending champions having won their first title on 14 April 2016 against Cittadella, but were eliminated by Matera in the round of 16.

Venezia won the competition by defeating Matera 3–2 on aggregate in the final, winning their first title.

Coppa Italia Serie C
Coppa Italia Serie C (Italian: Serie C Italian Cup), formerly named Coppa Italia Lega Pro, is a straight knock-out based competition involving teams from Serie C in Italian football first held in 1972.
Sibony
Sibony is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Clément Sibony (born 1976), French actor and film director

Nessim Sibony (1947–2021), French mathematician

Olivier Sibony (born 1967), French author

Shay Sibony (born 1983), Israeli footballer

Olivier Sibony
Olivier Sibony (born 1967) is a French academic and author known for his research on behavioral strategy and for his work on the impact of heuristics and biases on strategic decision-making and procedures to enhance the quality of decisions. He is the author of several popular books and the co-author of the New York Times best-seller Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment, with Daniel Kahneman and Cass R. Sunstein.

Sibony is Professor of strategy and management at HEC Paris, where he received the Vernimmen Prize for teaching excellence in 2020. He is also affiliated with Saïd Business School at Oxford University as an Associate Fellow.
Óscar Únzaga
Óscar Únzaga de la Vega (19 April 1916 – 19 April 1959) was a Bolivian political figure and rebel. Most significantly, he founded the Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB) movement in 1937, and ran for President in the 1956 elections, when his party became the main opposition movement to the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR).

In 1959, Únzaga was one of fifty people who died during an attempted coup by the FSB. Government forces reported that he killed himself, but supporters disputed the official account and claimed that he was assassinated. He is revered as a hero and martyr by some factions of Bolivia’s affluent political elite.

1956 Bolivian general election
General elections were held in Bolivia on 17 June 1956. Hernán Siles Zuazo of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) was elected president with 84% of the vote, whilst the MNR won 61 of the 68 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and all 18 seats in the Senate.
Mark Foster (soccer)
Mark Foster is an American retired soccer player who played professionally in the USL A-League.

In 1997, Foster signed with the Nashville Metros of the USL A-League. After spending the 1998 and 1999 seasons with the Orange County Zodiac, he did not play again until 2005 when he saw time in one game with the Bakersfield Brigade of the USL Premier Development League.

Nashville Metros
The Nashville Metros were an American soccer team based in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1989, the team most recently played in the Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the South Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. The Metros were the longest continuously operating soccer club in the United Soccer Leagues before their last season in 2012.

In the side's later years its home games were contested at Ezell Park and E. S. Rose Park.
Rothschild (Fabergé egg)
The Rothschild egg is a jewelled, enameled, decorated egg that was made under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé by the workshop of Michael Perchin in 1902. Béatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild presented this egg to Germaine Halphen upon her engagement to Béatrice's younger brother, Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild.

Peter Carl Fabergé
Peter Carl Gustavovich Fabergé (Russian: Петер Карл Густавович Фаберже, romanized: Peter Karl Gustavovich Faberzhe; 30 May [O.S. 18 May] 1846 – 24 September 1920; also known as Charles Fabergé) was a Russian goldsmith and jeweller. He is best known for creating Fabergé eggs made in the style of genuine Easter eggs, but using precious metals and gemstones rather than more mundane materials. He was one of the sons of Gustav Fabergé, the founder of the House of Fabergé.
Ileana Streinu
Ileana Streinu is a Romanian-American computer scientist and mathematician, the Charles N. Clark Professor of Computer Science and Mathematics at Smith College in Massachusetts. She is known for her research in computational geometry, and in particular for her work on kinematics and structural rigidity.

Discrete & Computational Geometry
Discrete & Computational Geometry is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published quarterly by Springer. Founded in 1986 by Jacob E. Goodman and Richard M. Pollack, the journal publishes articles on discrete geometry and  computational geometry.
WXBN (AM)
WXBN (880 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Sweetwater, Florida, and serving the Miami–Fort Lauderdale radio market.  It is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., and airs a black-oriented news format as an affiliate of the co-owned Black Information Network.

880 AM is a United States clear-channel frequency reserved for Class A station WHSQ in New York City.  WXBN uses a highly directional antenna array (8 towers) to prevent interference to WHSQ's nighttime skywave signal.  The transmitter is off the Tamiami Trail (U.S. Route 41) in Everglades, Florida.

All-news radio
All-news radio is a radio format devoted entirely to the discussion and broadcast of news.

All-news radio is available in both local and syndicated forms, and is carried on both major US satellite radio networks. All-news stations can run the gamut from simulcasting an all-news television station like CNN, to a "rip and read" headline service, to stations that include live coverage of news events and long-form public affairs programming.

Many stations brand themselves Newsradio but only run news during the morning and afternoon drive times, or in some cases, broadcast talk radio shows with frequent news updates. These stations are properly labeled as "news/talk" stations. Also, some National Public Radio stations identify themselves as News and Information stations, which means that in addition to running the NPR news magazines such as Morning Edition and All Things Considered, they run other information and public affairs programs.
Kelly's sign
Kelly's sign is a clinical sign in which the ureter can be distinguished during surgery due to visible vermiculation which occurs when the ureter is pressed gently.

The sign is named after Howard Atwood Kelly.

Howard Atwood Kelly
Howard Atwood Kelly (February 20, 1858 – January 12, 1943) was an American gynecologist. He obtained his B.A. degree and M.D. degree from the University of Pennsylvania. He, William Osler, William Halsted, and William Welch together are known as the "Big Four", the founding professors at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. He is credited with establishing gynecology as a specialty by developing new surgical approaches to gynecological diseases and pathological research. He also developed several medical innovations, including the improved cystoscope, Kelly's clamp, Kelly's speculum, and Kelly's forceps. Because Kelly was a famous prohibitionist and Fundamentalist Christian, many of his contemporaries expressed skepticism towards his medical professionalism.
Tribes (video game series)
Tribes is a series of five science fiction first-person shooter video games released between 1998 and 2024. The game plot is set in the far future (2471 – 3940). The series includes Starsiege: Tribes, Tribes 2, Tribes: Aerial Assault, Tribes: Vengeance, Tribes: Ascend, and Tribes 3: Rivals. Tribes is a spin-off series from the mecha simulation series Metaltech.

Vehicle simulation game
Vehicle simulation games are a genre of video games which attempt to provide the player with a realistic interpretation of operating various kinds of vehicles. This includes automobiles, aircraft, watercraft, spacecraft, military vehicles, and a variety of other vehicles. The main challenge is to master driving and steering the vehicle from the perspective of the pilot or driver, with most games adding another challenge such as racing or fighting rival vehicles. Games are often divided based on realism, with some games including more realistic physics and challenges such as fuel management.
Rong Li
Rong Li is the Director of Mechanobiology Institute, a Singapore Research Center of Excellence, at the National University of Singapore. She is a Distinguished Professor at the National University of Singapore's Department of Biological Sciences and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Cell Biology and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Whiting School of Engineering. She previously served as Director of Center for Cell Dynamics in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine’s Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences. She is a leader in understanding cellular asymmetry, division and evolution, and specifically, in how eukaryotic cells establish their distinct morphology and organization in order to carry out their specialized functions.

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press was founded in 1933 to aid in Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory's purpose of furthering the advance and spread of scientific knowledge.

CSHL Press publishes monographs, technical manuals, handbooks, review volumes, conference proceedings, scholarly journals and videotapes. These examine important topics in molecular biology, genetics, development, virology, neurobiology, immunology and cancer biology. Manuscripts for books and for journal publication are invited from scientists worldwide.

Revenue from sales of CSHL Press publications is used solely in support of research at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
Jesús Julio Carnero
Jesús Julio Carnero García (born 5 March 1964) is a Spanish People's Party (PP) politician.

Born in Aspariegos, Province of Zamora, Castile and León, Carnero graduated in law from the University of Valladolid.

Carnero spent 80 days in hospital, of which 61 in intensive care and 35 in a coma, from June 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. He had three near-death experiences from pneumonia during that time.

In January 2023, Carnero was chosen as the PP candidate for mayor of Valladolid in the May elections. His party won 11 of 27 seats on the city council, the same as the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) of incumbent mayor Óscar Puente, who received marginally more votes. The PP reached an agreement with the three councillors of Vox to form a majority government, in which Vox leader Irene Carvajal became deputy mayor.

He was elected to the 15th Senate of Spain in the 2023 Spanish general election from Valladolid.

Province of Zamora
The Province of Zamora (Spanish: Provincia de Zamora, Spanish pronunciation: [θaˈmoɾa]) is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Ourense, León, Valladolid, and Salamanca, and by Portugal.

The present-day province of Zamora was one of three provinces formed from the former Kingdom of León in 1833, when Spain was reorganized into 49 provinces. Of the 166,253 people in the province, nearly a third live in the capital, Zamora. The province has 248 municipalities.
Jimmy Shields (journalist)
Jimmy Shields (January 1900 – 13 April 1949) was a British communist activist and newspaper editor.

Born in Greenock, Shields joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in 1921. Out of work, he moved to South Africa in 1925, where he joined the Communist Party of South Africa, becoming its General Secretary within months.  During this period, one of his speeches convinced Edwin Thabo Mofutsanyana to join the party.

Shields returned to Scotland in 1927, where he served in various posts for the CPGB, culminating in his election to the national executive. He also served as editor of the Daily Worker. From 1932, he also served as the British representative to the Comintern, and he travelled extensively as head of the CPGB's international department.

Shields contracted tuberculosis during World War II and spent much of the war at Holt Sanitorium. He died there in 1949.

Holt, Norfolk
Holt is a market town and civil parish in the county of Norfolk, England. The town is 23 miles (37 km) north of the city of Norwich, 10 miles (16 km) west of Cromer and 35 miles (56 km) east of King's Lynn. The town has a population of 3,550, rising and including the ward to 3,810 at the 2011 census. Holt is within the area covered by North Norfolk District Council. Holt has a heritage railway station; it is the south-western terminus of the preserved North Norfolk Railway, known as the Poppy Line.
West Elsdon, Chicago
West Elsdon, one of the 77 official community areas, is located on the southwest side of the City of Chicago, Illinois. It is noted as a twin neighborhood of West Lawn. It has a population which includes a mix of dwindling Polish-American residents and increasing Mexican-American residents who constitute a clear majority. It has its own association, "West Elsdon Civic Association," which privately organizes the neighborhood. The St. Turibius grade school was a Roman Catholic elementary school located at 57th and Karlov that closed in 2013, though the building remains and is adjacent to St. Turibius Roman Catholic church. The former Lourdes Roman Catholic girls' high school located from 55th to 56th street and Komensky to Karlov Avenue became Chicago Public Schools Sor Juana Elementary School.

Chicago Public Schools
Chicago Public Schools (CPS; administratively referred to by the state of Illinois as City of Chicago School District #299 for funding and districting reasons) is a public school district in the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States.

It is the fourth-largest school district in the United States (after New York, Los Angeles, and Miami-Dade County). CPS students attend a particular school based on their area of residence, except for charter, magnet, and selective enrollment schools.

As of 2023, CPS has 634 schools, including 477 elementary schools and 157 high schools; of which 514 were district-run, 111 were charter schools, 7 were contract schools, and 2 were SAFE schools.

CPS is led by a chief executive officer, an alternative title for the position of superintendent in most other public school systems.
Brownrigg
Brownrigg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Brownrigg (disambiguation)

Abraham Brownrigg (1836–1928), Irish Roman Catholic Bishop of Ossory from 1884

Andy Brownrigg (1976-), English footballer

Douglas Brownrigg (1886–1946), senior British Army officer who became Military Secretary

Elizabeth Brownrigg (1720–1767), English murderer

Elizabeth Brownrigg Henderson Cotten (1875–1975), American suffragist and librarian

George Brownrigg (1896–1981), Irish first-class cricketer

Henry Brownrigg (disambiguation)

Kyle Brownrigg, Canadian stand-up comedian

Ralph Brownrigg (1592–1659), former bishop of Exeter

Randy Brownrigg, American politician

Robert Brownrigg (1759−1833), British statesman and soldier

S. F. Brownrigg (1937–1996), American film director and producer

Studholme Brownrigg (1882–1943), British admiral

Sylvia Brownrigg (b. 1964), American author

William Brownrigg (1711–1800), doctor and scientist

Ralph Brownrigg
Ralph Brownrigg or Brownrig (1592–1659) was bishop of Exeter from 1642 to 1646. He spent that time largely in exile from his see, which he perhaps never visited. He did find a position there for Seth Ward. He was both a Royalist in politics, and a Calvinist in religion, an unusual combination of the period. Brownrigg opposed Laudianism in Cambridge during the 1630s and at the Short Parliament Convocation of 1640. Nominated to the Westminster Assembly, he apparently took no part in it.