hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elz Valley Railway
The Elz Valley Railway (German: Elztalbahn) is a 19.3 km (12.0 mi) long, single-tracked, standard gauge branch line in the Black Forest area of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The line branches off the Freiburg im Breisgau to Offenburg section of the Rhine Valley Railway at Denzlingen and runs up the valley of the River Elz to Waldkirch and Elzach.

Whilst the track is owned by DB Netz AG, passenger services on the Elztalbahn are provided by the Breisgau S-Bahn, whose trains continue over the Upper Rhine Valley line to Freiburg Central Station. Typical service is two trains per hour from Freiburg to Waldkirch, with one train continuing to Elzach.

Upper Rhine Plain
The Upper Rhine Plain, Rhine Rift Valley or Upper Rhine Graben (German: Oberrheinische Tiefebene, Oberrheinisches Tiefland or Oberrheingraben, French: Vallée du Rhin) is a major rift, about 350-kilometre-long (220 mi) and on average 50-kilometre-wide (31 mi), between Basel in the south and the cities of Frankfurt/Wiesbaden in the north. Its southern section straddles the France–Germany border. It forms part of the European Cenozoic Rift System, which extends across Central Europe. The Upper Rhine Graben formed during the Oligocene, as a response to the evolution of the Alps to the south. It remains active to the present day. Today, the Rhine Rift Valley forms a downfaulted trough through which the river Rhine flows.
La Salette of Roxas College
La Salette of Roxas College, is a private Catholic, coeducational basic and higher education institution run by the Missionaries of Our Lady of La Salette in Vira, Roxas, Isabela, Philippines. It was founded by the La Salettes on September 17, 1958. It is the only Catholic school in the municipality and is one of the leading educational institution in Isabela.

It has seven sister schools also all named La Salette and are also all located in the province of Isabela. They are as follows: La Salette of Aurora, La Salette of Quezon, La Salette of Ramon, La Salette of San Mateo, La Salette of Cabatuan, La Salette of Cordon and University of La Salette- Santiago City. It is a Catholic school which provides the youth of the town of Roxas an education on the Catholic Faiith. The Blessed Virgin Mary under the title Our Lady of La Salette is the patroness of La Salette of Roxas.

Mélanie Calvat
Françoise Mélanie Calvat (French: [fʁɑ̃swaz melani kalva], 7 November 1831 – 14 December 1904), religious name Mary of the Cross, was a French religious sister in the Roman Catholic church. She and Maximin Giraud were the two seers of Our Lady of La Salette.
Keogan
Keogan is an anglicized form of the Irish surname Mac Eochagain, which was wrongly corrupted to Ó Ceogáin. Notable people with the surname include:

Christopher Keogan (born 1992), English snooker player

Donal Keogan (born 1991), Irish Gaelic footballer

George Keogan (1890–1943), American football, basketball and baseball coach

Murray Keogan (born 1950), Canadian ice hockey player

Sharon Keogan (born 1967), Irish politician

Donal Keogan
Donal Keogan (born 13 April 1991) is a Gaelic footballer who plays at senior level for the Meath county team. As of 2016, Keogan was captain of the senior Meath football team, and also plays for his local club Rathkenny. In 2018, Keogan completed his PhD in Pharmaceutical and Medicinal chemistry from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.
Banpas railway station
Banpas railway station is a railway station on the Bardhaman-Rampurhat Section under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Belari, Banpas in Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Bardhaman-Rampurhat Section
The Barddhaman–Rampurhat section is a railway line connecting Bardhaman and Rampurhat. This 112 kilometres (69 mi) track is part of the Howrah-New Jalpaiguri Main Line and Sahibganj Loop. It is under the jurisdiction of Howrah Division of Eastern Railway.A large number of local, express and superfast trains, along with a huge volume of freight traffic, operate on this route every day.
Dadiassé
Dadiassé is a village in the far east of Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Assuéfry, Transua Department, Gontougo Region, Zanzan District.

Dadiassé was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Assuéfry
Assuéfry (also spelled Assuéffry) is a town in the far east of Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Transua Department in Gontougo Region, Zanzan District. Assuéfry is also a commune.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Assuéfry was 30,406.
Shyganak
Shyganak or Shaganak (Kazakh: Шығанақ; Russian: Шаганак), is a salt lake in Aktogay District, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan.

The lake is located about 100 kilometers (62 mi) to the WSW of Aktogay, the district capital.

Pavlodar Region
Pavlodar Region is a region of Kazakhstan. Its population was 742,475 (2009 census results) and before that 806,983 (1999 census results). The latest official estimate (as at the start of 2022) was 756,511. Its capital is the city of Pavlodar, which had a population of 360,014 at the start of 2018. Many people, especially Ukrainians, migrated to Pavlodar during Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign.

The Bayanaul National Park, a protected area of the Kazakh Uplands, is located in the Bayanaul Range, within 100 km of Ekibastuz.
Pont's analysis
Pont's analysis is an analysis developed by A. Pont in 1909. This analysis allows one to predict the width of the maxillary arch at the premolar and molar region by measure the mesio-distal widths of the four permanent incisors.  The analysis helps to determine if the dental arch is narrow or normal and if expansion is possible or not.

The width from Left Premolar to Right Premolar or Measured Premolar Value (MPV) can be calculated by using Sum of Incisal Widths (S.I) of incisors and multiplying it by 100. The result can be divided by 80.

The width from Left Molar to Right Molar or Measured Molar Value (MMV) can be calculated by using the S.I of incisors and multiplying by 100. The result is divided by 64.

The widths are measured from occlusal grooves of both premolars and molars.

Premolar
The premolars, also called premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant in the permanent set of teeth, making eight premolars total in the mouth.  They have at least two cusps.  Premolars can be considered transitional teeth during chewing, or mastication. They have properties of both the canines, that lie anterior and molars that lie posterior, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars.
Kam Selem
Kam Salem is a Nigerian former police officer and the second  Inspector General of Nigerian Police, a post he held from 1966 to 1975 during the military rule of General Yakubu Gowon.

At the time of the January 1966 coup led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu, Dikko Yusufu was acting Inspector General since the I.G. Louis Edet was on leave at the time, and he had to deal with the crisis when the Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa and others were found murdered.

By the 1970s, press criticism of corruption in the Gowon regime was mounting. Selem spoke against a press "campaign against the federal government, putting pressure on it to institute an inquiry into the conduct of certain public functionaries." He said, "The government will not allow itself to be stampeded into taking actions in any matter of public interest."

Chukwuma Nzeogwu
Lieutenant-Colonel Patrick Chukwuma "Kaduna" Nzeogwu Listenⓘ (26 February 1937 – 29 July 1967) was a Nigerian military officer who played a leading role in the 1966 Nigerian coup d'état, which overthrew the First Nigerian Republic.
Italian ship Anteo (A 5309)
Anteo (A 5309) is a submarine rescue ship of the Italian Navy, assigned to Raggruppamento Subacquei ed Incursori "Teseo Tesei" (COMSUBIN). Anteo is the third ship to bear this name in the Italian Navy. The ship's design was developed by the "Ufficio Navi Speciali del Reparto Progetti Navi" (Special Office of the Ships Projects Division), according to the guidelines provided by the Navy General Staff. The ship was built at Cantiere Navale Breda di Porto Marghera and commissioned to the Italian Navy on 31 July 1980.

Fincantieri
Fincantieri S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [fiŋkanˈtjɛːri]) is an Italian shipbuilding company based in Trieste, Italy. Already the largest shipbuilder in Europe, after the acquisition of Vard in 2013, Fincantieri group doubled in size to become the fourth largest in the world as of 2014. The company builds both commercial and military vessels.

The company is listed on the Borsa Italiana (Milan Stock Exchange) and is a component of FTSE Italia Mid Cap Index.
Jeffrey Lawton
Jeffrey Lawton, FRNCM (11 December 1938 – 4 May 2018), was a tenor best known as an international opera singer. He began his career as a student at the Royal Manchester College of Music and from 1982 to 1987 was principal tenor with the Welsh National Opera Company.  Lawton also sang with Opera North and the Scottish Opera. On one occasion in 1990 he substituted for the ill Plácido Domingo in the role of Otello at the Royal Opera, London under Carlos Kleiber. As well as singing at various British festivals and the BBC Proms at the Royal Albert Hall, other pursuits included president of the Wagner Society Manchester and patron of the Oldham Choral Society. Lawton was a tutor and a Fellow of the Royal Northern College of Music (FRNCM).

International Association of Wagner Societies
The International Association of Wagner Societies (Der Richard-Wagner-Verband International e.V., also known as "Der RWVI") is an affiliation of Wagner societies (Richard Wagner-Verband) that promotes interest and research into the works of Richard Wagner, raises funds for scholarships for young music students, singers, and instrumentalists, and supports the annual Bayreuth Festival. It also sponsors symposia, holds singing competitions for Wagnerian voices, and issues awards for stage direction and stagings of Wagner's operas. The association is a nonprofit organization, governed by a Presidium headed by a President, who are elected together quinquennially.
Timo Hoffmann
Timo Hoffmann (born 25 September 1974) is a German professional boxer and multiple-time European heavyweight title challenger. He is perhaps best known as being the first fighter to have gone the full distance against Vitali Klitschko, who held at the time of their bout a record of 27 wins, 1 loss, and 27 knockouts. Between Klitschko's debut in November 1996 to December 2009 when Klitschko fought Kevin Johnson (boxer), Hoffmann was the only fighter who went the full distance with him. He holds notable wins over Corey Sanders, and Ross Puritty. He fought but did not beat the aforementioned Vitali Klitschko, Francois Botha and Henry Akinwande

European Boxing Union
The European Boxing Union (EBU), formerly known as the International Boxing Union (IBU), is a pan-European governing body that sanctions championship bouts in professional boxing. The EBU governs the EBU European Championship, in addition to their EBU EU Championship for competitors from within the European Union and the EBU EE Championship for those outside the European Union. It is a federation affiliated with the World Boxing Council (WBC).

During most of the 20th century and, particularly, during start of the century, the EBU recognized many world title fights as the IBU. It competed against the American-based National Boxing Association (NBA), which staged the more high profile world title fights.
Brezis–Gallouët inequality
In mathematical analysis, the Brezis–Gallouët inequality, named after Haïm Brezis and Thierry Gallouët, is an inequality valid in 2 spatial dimensions.   It shows that a function of two variables which is sufficiently smooth is (essentially) bounded, and provides an explicit bound, which depends only logarithmically on the second derivatives.  It is useful in the study of partial differential equations.

Let  be the exterior or the interior of a bounded domain with regular boundary, or  itself.  Then the Brezis–Gallouët inequality states that there exists a real  only depending on  such that, for all   which is not  a.e. equal to 0,

Noticing that, for any  , there holds

one deduces from the Brezis-Gallouet inequality that there exists  only depending on  such that, for all   which is not  a.e. equal to 0,

The previous inequality is close to the way that the Brezis-Gallouet inequality is cited in.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Poly Wells Field
Poly Wells Field is the home stadium for the Division I (NCAA) Abilene Christian Wildcats softball team. The stadium is located on the campus of Abilene Christian University in Abilene, Texas.  Amenities include bleacher seating for 1,000 fans; field lighting; an electronic scoreboard; dugouts; batting cages outside of the right field line; restrooms; and locker rooms.  The entire playing surface was changed from natural grass to AstroTurf in 2015–16.  Brown turf was installed in the infield, and green turf was installed in the outfield.  The dugout surfaces were raised to field level prior to the AstroTurf installation.

The full name of the stadium is A.E. (Poly) and Zieta Wells Field in honor of an estate donation made by Zieta Wells.  Official stadium dedication was held on March 29, 1997.  The initial home game was played on February 22, 1997 Texas Wesleyan.

The stadium was the home of 2009 Lone Star Conference softball tournament.

Lone Star Conference
The Lone Star Conference (LSC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level. Member institutions are located in the South Central states, with schools in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico, with two members in the Pacific Northwest states of Oregon and Washington competing as affiliates for football only.

The Lone Star Conference operates from the same headquarters complex in the Dallas suburb of Richardson as the American Southwest Conference.
Caloptilia sapporella
Caloptilia sapporella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from China, Japan (Kyūshū, Shikoku, Hokkaidō, the Ryukyu Islands, Honshū), Korea and the Russian Far East.

The wingspan is 10–13.5 mm.

The larvae feed on Castanea crenata, Quercus acuminata, Quercus cerris, Quercus crispula, Quercus dentata, Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Quercus mongolica
Quercus mongolica, commonly known as Mongolian oak, is a species of oak native to Japan, China, Korea, Mongolia, and Siberia. The species can grow to be 30 metres (98 feet) tall.

The flavono-ellagitannins mongolicin A and B can be found in Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata.

Extrafloral nectaries have been reported on the leaf buds of this species.
Ln (Unix)
ln is a shell command for creating a link file to an existing file or directory. By default, the command creates a hard link, but with the -s command line option, it creates a symbolic link. Most systems disallow a hard link to a directory since such links could disrupt the structure of a file system and interfere with the operation of other utilities. The command can create a symbolic link to non-existent file.

The command appeared in Issue 2 of the X/Open Portability Guidelines. The version in GNU Core Utilities was written by Mike Parker and David MacKenzie.
The command is available in Windows via UnxUtils and has been ported to IBM i.

IBM i
IBM i, the i standing for integrated, is an operating system developed by IBM for IBM Power Systems. It was originally released in 1988 as OS/400, as the sole operating system of the IBM AS/400 line of systems. It was renamed to i5/OS in 2004, before being renamed a second time to IBM i in 2008. It is an evolution of the System/38 CPF operating system, with compatibility layers for System/36 SSP and AIX applications. It inherits a number of distinctive features from the System/38 platform, including the Machine Interface which provides hardware independence, the implementation of object-based addressing on top of a single-level store, and the tight integration of a relational database into the operating system.
Museum of Leather Artistry. A. Colomer Munmany Collection
The Museum of Leather Artistry (Catalan: Museu de l'Art de la Pell), in Vic, is a museum dedicated to the decorative and applied leather arts, founded in 1996 and located in the refurbished convent of El Carme. It exhibits the collection of Vic tanner Andreu Colomer i Munmany, focusing on objects made totally or partially of leather, such as trunks, room separators, altar frontals, chest tables, stools, saddles, masks or shadow puppets. Of particular interest is the guadamassil technique (polychrome- or gold-embossed leather) and cordovan applied to boxes and chests.

It is part of the Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network.

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
Bourgneuf, Charente-Maritime
Bourgneuf (French pronunciation: [buʁnœf]) is a commune in the Charente-Maritime in the department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France.

General Adolphe Guillaumat was born in Bourgneuf.

Charente-Maritime
Charente-Maritime (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁɑ̃t maʁitim] ⓘ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Chérente-Marine; Occitan: Charanta Maritima) is a department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, on the country's west coast. Named after the river Charente, its prefecture is La Rochelle. As of 2019, it had a population of 651,358 with an area of 6,864 square kilometres (2,650 sq mi).
Catholic studies
Catholic studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the teaching, life and culture of the Catholic Church.

A number of Catholic universities started offering programs in Catholic studies as a response to Pope John Paul II's 1990 encyclical Ex corde Ecclesiae. Such universities include Ave Maria University, DePaul University, Georgetown University, Loyola University Chicago, Franciscan University of Steubenville, and the University of Mary. The University of St. Thomas has a specialist Center for Catholic Studies, which was founded in 1992.

University of Mary
The University of Mary (UMary or simply Mary) is a private, Benedictine university near Bismarck, North Dakota. It was established in 1959 as Mary College.

The university is the largest degree-granting institution in western North Dakota. It has a study-abroad campus in Rome and also operates academic programs at satellite locations in North Dakota (Fargo, downtown Bismarck, Williston, Watford City, Grand Forks), Minnesota, Montana, and Kansas. The University also has a satellite location in Tempe, Arizona, operating as Mary College at ASU, in partnership with Arizona State University as a domestic exchange program. Through Mary College at ASU, the University of Mary offers all academic programs for Nazareth Seminary of the Diocese of Phoenix.
Grave of the Fireflies (2005 film)
Grave of the Fireflies (火垂るの墓, Hotaru no Haka) is a live-action TV drama adaptation of Grave of the Fireflies, made by NTV in Japan. It was produced in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the end of World War II. The drama aired on November 1, 2005. Like the anime, the live-action version of Grave of the Fireflies focuses on two siblings, Seita and Setsuko, struggling to survive the final days of the war in Kobe, Japan. Unlike the animated version, it tells the story from the point of view of their cousin and also illustrates the war changing a kind lady into a hard-hearted woman. The film stars Nanako Matsushima as the aunt and Mao Inoue in a dual role as the cousin and the cousin's granddaughter.

Dual role
A dual role (also known as a double role) is an instance of one actor playing two roles in a single production. Dual roles (or a larger number of roles for an actor) may be deliberately written into a script, or may instead be a choice made during production, often due to a low budget. In film and television, dual roles are often used for comic effect, or to depict identical twins or other relatives. In a theatrical production where more than one actor plays multiple characters, it is sometimes referred to as an "Ironman" cast.
Doué-en-Anjou
Doué-en-Anjou (French pronunciation: [dwe ɑ̃.n‿ɑ̃ʒu] ⓘ, literally Doué in Anjou) is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department of western France. The municipality was established on 30 December 2016 and consists of the former communes of Brigné, Concourson-sur-Layon, Doué-la-Fontaine, Forges, Meigné, Montfort, Saint-Georges-sur-Layon and Les Verchers-sur-Layon.

Duchy of Anjou
The Duchy of Anjou (French: [ɑ̃ʒu] ⓘ; UK: /ˈɒ̃ʒuː, ˈæ̃ʒuː/, US: /ɒ̃ˈʒuː, ˈæn(d)ʒuː, ˈɑːnʒuː/; Latin: Andegavia) was a French province straddling the lower Loire. Its capital was Angers, and its area was roughly co-extensive with the diocese of Angers. Anjou was bordered by Brittany to the west, Maine to the north, Touraine to the east and Poitou to the south. The adjectival form is Angevin, and inhabitants of Anjou are known as Angevins. In 1482, the duchy became part of the Kingdom of France and then remained a province of the Kingdom under the name of the Duchy of Anjou. After the decree dividing France into departments in 1791, the province was disestablished and split into six new départements. The majority of its area formed the new Maine-et-Loire department and its remaining area split between the departments of Deux-Sèvres, Indre-et-Loire, Loire-Atlantique, Sarthe, and Vienne.
Tarek ibn Ziyad Academy
Tarek ibn Ziyad Academy (TIZA) was a K-8 school in Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota named after Tarek ibn Ziyad, the Muslim general of medieval Morocco who entered Gibraltar in 711 CE on behalf of the Umayyad Caliphate and defeated the Visigoths. The school was sponsored by Islamic Relief USA. The school had a primarily Muslim student body and has been embroiled in a number of controversies regarding the separation of church and state. The school had a waiting list of 1,500 students. Around 80% of students were English language learners. Despite this, the school had one of the highest reading scores on standardized tests in the state. As of July 2011 TiZA was shut down by order of the Minnesota Education Department, due to lack of an approved charter school sponsor.

Islamic Relief USA
Islamic Relief USA (IRUSA), based in Alexandria, Virginia, is a non-profit 501(c)(3) humanitarian agency. IRUSA was founded in California in 1993. In addition to international relief and development initiatives, Islamic Relief USA also sponsors and funds domestic projects ranging from emergency disaster responses to assisting the American homeless population and supporting those who cannot afford basic healthcare.