hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Triangular billiards
In mathematics, triangular billiards is a dynamical system that models the reflection of light rays within a triangle with mirrored sides, or a billiards ball on a triangular table. It is a special case of dynamical billiards. A major open problem in this area concerns the existence of periodic billiards paths: does every triangle have a path that repeats its starting position and orientation after a finite number of reflections?

Ray (optics)
In optics, a ray is an idealized geometrical model of light or other electromagnetic radiation, obtained by choosing a curve that is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow.  Rays are used to model the propagation of light through an optical system, by dividing the real light field up into discrete rays that can be computationally propagated through the system by the techniques of ray tracing. This allows even very complex optical systems to be analyzed mathematically or simulated by computer.  Ray tracing uses approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations that are valid as long as the light waves propagate through and around objects whose dimensions are much greater than the light's wavelength.  Ray optics or geometrical optics does not describe phenomena such as diffraction, which require wave optics theory. Some wave phenomena such as interference can be modeled in limited circumstances by adding phase to the ray model.
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs ("WinFLP") is a thin client release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft and optimized for older, less powerful hardware. It was released on July 8, 2006, nearly two years after its Windows XP SP2 counterpart was released in August 2004, and is not marketed as a full-fledged general purpose operating system, although it is functionally able to perform most of the tasks generally associated with one. It includes only certain functionality for local workloads such as security, management, document viewing related tasks and the .NET Framework. It is designed to work as a client–server solution with RDP clients or other third party clients such as Citrix ICA. Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs reached end of support on April 8, 2014, along with most other Windows XP editions.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
Duplantier
Duplantier is a surname. People with the surname include:

Adrian G. Duplantier (1929–2007), United States District Judge

Armand Duplantier (1753–1827), French cavalry officer in the American Revolutionary War

Joe Duplantier (born 1976), French-American musician

Jon Duplantier (born 1994), American baseball player

Mario Duplantier (born 1981), French-American musician, brother of Joe

Adrian G. Duplantier
Adrian Guy Duplantier Sr. (March 5, 1929 – August 15, 2007) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana. He served as a Democratic member of the Louisiana State Senate, representing a portion of Orleans Parish for four terms.
C. J. & Company
C.J. & Company (also C.J. & Co. or C.C. & Co.) was a disco group from Detroit, Michigan. They were the partnership of producers Dennis Coffey and Mike Theodore.  Their highest charting single in the US was "Devil's Gun", which reached #36 on the Billboard pop chart, spending 29 weeks on the HOT 100. It wound up being the #100 song of the year on the Billboard's year end charts, (though only peaking at #36), and #2 on the R&B chart in 1977. It also peaked at #43 in the UK Singles Chart. That song, along with "We Got Our Own Thing" (later sampled by Heavy D and the Boyz) and "Sure Can't Go to the Moon," hit #1 for five weeks on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart.

They released two full-length LPs, Devil's Gun (1977) and Deadeye Dick (1978) both for Westbound Records.
In 1998 a compilation CD was released with full length selected tracks from both LPs.

"Devil's Gun" was the first record played at the opening of Studio 54 by DJ Richie Kaczor.

Heavy D
Dwight Arrington Myers (May 24, 1967 – November 8, 2011), known professionally as Heavy D, was a Jamaican-American rapper, record producer, and actor. He was the leader of Heavy D & the Boyz, a group that included dancers/hype men G-Whiz (Glen Parrish) and "Trouble" T. Roy (Troy Dixon), as well as DJ and producer Eddie F (Edward Ferrell). The group maintained a sizeable audience in the United States through most of the 1990s. The five albums the group released included production mainly by Teddy Riley, Marley Marl, DJ Premier, Myers's cousin Pete Rock, and "in-house" beatmaker Eddie F. Myers also released four solo albums and discovered Soul for Real and Monifah.
2016 AG2R La Mondiale season
The 2016 season for the AG2R La Mondiale cycling team began in January at the Tour de San Luis. As a UCI WorldTeam, they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.

Decathlon CMA CGM Team
Decathlon CMA CGM (UCI team code: DCT) is a French cycling team with UCI WorldTeam status. Its title sponsors are French sporting goods retailer Decathlon and French shipping and logistics company CMA CGM. The team is predominantly French.
Placentia Bay
Placentia Bay (French: Baie de Plaisance) is a body of water on the southeast coast of Newfoundland, Canada. It is formed by Burin Peninsula on the west and Avalon Peninsula on the east. Fishing grounds in the bay were used by native people long before the first European fishermen arrived in the 16th century. For a time, the French controlled the bay. They built their capital at Placentia on the east coast. The British gained Placentia during the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. The town and nearby Castle Hill are national historic sites. English settlement followed in the bay and today the main communities are Burin, Marystown, and Placentia.

On 14 August 1941, US Naval Station Argentia, in Little Placentia Sound, was the site of the Atlantic Conference for the Atlantic Charter. Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt met face to face there for the first time since both had taken office.

Ethnic groups in Europe
Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe. Groups may be defined by common ancestry, language, faith, historical continuity, etc. There are no universally accepted and precise definitions of the terms "ethnic group" and "nationality", but in the context of European ethnography in particular, the terms ethnic group, people, nationality and ethno-linguistic group are used as mostly synonymous. Preference may vary in usage with respect to the situation specific to the individual countries of Europe, and the context in which they may be classified by those terms.

The total number of national minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people, or 14% of 770 million Europeans in 2002. The Russians are the most populous among Europeans, with a population of roughly 120 million.
Black Hills (Washington)
The Black Hills are a small range of hills in Thurston and Grays Harbor counties of Washington. They are widely considered a subset of the Willapa Hills; however, the line parent of the Black Hills is Rock Peak, in the Olympic Mountains.

The tallest peak in the range is Capitol Peak with a 2,664-foot (812 m) height.

The Black Hills takes its name from the Black River. A former variant name was "Black Mountains".

The Capitol State Forest has roughly the same boundaries as the Black Hills.

The high school A.G. West Black Hills, Tumwater, Washington, is named for the hills, as is the local soccer club, the Blackhills Football Club. Capital Medical Center on the west side of Olympia was named Black Hills Community Hospital from its opening in 1985 until 1991.

Thurston County, Washington
Thurston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 294,793. The county seat is Olympia, the state capital.

Thurston County was created out of Lewis County by the government of Oregon Territory on January 12, 1852. At that time, it covered all of the Puget Sound region and the Olympic Peninsula. On December 22 of the same year, Pierce, King, Island, and Jefferson counties were split off from Thurston County. It is named after Samuel R. Thurston, the Oregon Territory's first delegate to Congress. Today, the county includes the southernmost part of the South Puget Sound and areas south along the I-5 corridor.

Thurston County comprises the Olympia–Lacey–Tumwater, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Seattle–Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area.
Gilbert Garcera
Gilbert Armea Garcera (born February 2, 1959) is a Filipino Catholic prelate. He has been the metropolitan archbishop of Lipa since 2017, and president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines since 2025. His previous assignment was as the bishop of the Diocese of Daet in Camarines Norte.

Diocese of Daet
The Diocese of Daet (Latin: Dioecesis Daëtiensis) is an Latin Catholic diocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines. It is named after its episcopal see, Daet, a city in the province of Camarines Norte in the Philippines.

The Diocese of Daet, with jurisdiction over the Province of Camarines Norte and suffragan to the Archdiocese of Caceres, was created on May 27, 1974, by Pope Paul VI with Celestino R. Enverga as the first bishop of the diocese.
Gappo Park
Gappo Park (合浦公園, Gappo kōen) is an urban park in the city of Aomori, Japan, located in the eastern part of the city. Major features of the park include a public beach on Aomori Bay, various decorative trees, and the Aomori City Baseball Stadium.

Aomori City Baseball Stadium
Aomori City Baseball Stadium (青森市営野球場, Aomori shiei yakkyūjō) is a stadium in Aomori, Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

The stadium holds 10,010 people. The stadium was built in 1950 and was repaired in 2000.

On June 28, 1950, Hideo Fujimoto pitched a perfect game at the stadium. The stadium is not regularly used for Nippon Professional Baseball, but for high school baseball.
Authentic (LL Cool J album)
Authentic is the thirteenth studio album by American hip hop recording artist LL Cool J. It was released on April 30, 2013, by S-BRO Music Group, 429 Records. The album was his first album since 2008's Exit 13 and his first to not be released on Def Jam. It features guest appearances from Fitz and the Tantrums, Eddie Van Halen, Snoop Dogg, Fatman Scoop, Seal, Charlie Wilson, Melody Thornton, Earth, Wind & Fire, Bootsy Collins, Travis Barker, Chuck D, Tom Morello, Z-Trip, Mickey Shiloh, Monica, and Brad Paisley.

Melody Thornton
Melody Thornton (born September 28, 1984) is an American singer and television personality. After graduating high school, Thornton became one of the main vocalists of the girl group the Pussycat Dolls and released the albums PCD (2005) and Doll Domination (2008) becoming one of the world's best-selling girl groups. As part of the group, she has received a Grammy Award nomination.

Following her departure from the group in 2010, Thornton independently released a mixtape, P.O.Y.B.L (2012), and an EP, Lioness Eyes (2020). Outside her music, she has competed on reality shows, Popstar to Operastar (2011), Dancing on Ice (2019) and won the fourth season of the Australian version of The Masked Singer (2022). She has also done several stage works, including playing Rachel Marron in the musical The Bodyguard.
Foxilandia
Foxilandia is a critical term used in the Mexican political culture to make reference to the administration (2000–2006) of President Vicente Fox.

It was first used during the appearance of President Fox before the Congress of the Union in September 2004, in arguments by the opposition that Fox's vision of Mexico greatly differed from theirs. The connotation is that "Foxilandia", or Fox's vision, is impossible, unrealistic, a fantasy, while, in logical contrast, theirs would be balanced and realistic.

This term has been used by Vicente Fox in his radio program Fox Contigo ("Fox With You") Andrés Manuel López Obrador, and journalists from major newspapers in Mexico such as El Universal, La Jornada and Reforma. Foxilandia has also been used in political documentaries such as Aventuras en Foxilandia by Carlos Mendoza Aupetit, and Who is Mr. López by director Luis Mandoki and the film Un mundo maravilloso (2006) by film director Luis Estrada.

Luis Estrada (director)
Luis Estrada Rodríguez (born January 17, 1962) is a Mexican film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is known for his films that openly criticize the Mexican political system and the controversial issues that revolve around it. He has been nominated for 10 Ariel Awards winning four of them, including two Best Director awards for Herod's Law (1999) and El Infierno (2010).
Ethmia timberlakei
Ethmia timberlakei is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found in California, United States.

The length of the forewings is 8.7–10.6 mm (0.34–0.42 in). The ground color of the forewings is dark gray, sparsely to densely irrorated (speckled) with scattered white scales. The ground color of the hindwings is uniform pale gray.

The larvae feed on Phacelia ramosissima var. suffrutescens.

Phacelia ramosissima
Phacelia ramosissima is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrophyllaceae. It is known by the common name branching phacelia. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California and the Southwestern United States, where it can be found in many types of habitat.

It is variable in appearance, and there are many intergrading varieties. In general it is a spreading or sprawling prostrate or upright perennial herb which may approach 1.5 meters (4.5 feet) in stem length. It is branched, hairless to densely hairy, and sometimes glandular. The leaves are 4 to 20 centimeters long and most are divided into several toothed or lobed leaflets. The inflorescence is a one-sided curving or coiling cyme of funnel- or bell-shaped flowers. Each flower is under a centimeter long and white to lavender in color with protruding stamens.
Sheffield International Venues
SIV (formerly known as Sheffield International Venues) is a facilities management company based in Sheffield, England that operates a number of sporting and entertainment facilities in that city. It is a fully owned subsidiary of the not-for-profit Sheffield City Trust, and serves as its operational arm.

The facilities it operates include:

English Institute of Sport Sheffield

Hillsborough Leisure Centre

iceSheffield

Sheffield Arena

Ponds Forge International Sports Centre

Sheffield City Hall

Tapton Park Golf Course

Westfield Sports Centre

Beauchief Golf Course

Birley Wood Golf Course

Concord Sports Centre

Heeley Swimming Baths

Springs Leisure Centre

Tinsley Golf Course

Facility management
Facility management (also facilities management, FM) is the coordinated management of an organization's buildings, sites and workplaces, and the support services needed to keep them functional, safe and effective for occupants and operations.

The scope of facilities management varies by organization and sector, but commonly includes building operations and maintenance (for example mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems), space and workplace planning, and workplace services such as cleaning, security and catering.

International standards for facilities management include the ISO 41000 series, such as ISO 41001 (a management system standard for facility management) and ISO 41011 (which defines key terminology).  ISO 41001:2018 specifies requirements for a facility management management system.
Magic Classical
Magic Classical (formerly Scala Radio) is a British digital radio station owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK. The station was launched in March 2019 as Scala Radio and broadcasts nationally on DAB Digital Radio, via Smart speaker, app, and online. The station was the first national classical music service to launch on terrestrial radio in the UK since Classic FM in 1992.

The station's playlist features 70% popular classics and 30% new and "surprising" music. Scala also aimed to produce more speech content – or more "storytelling" – than Classic FM or BBC Radio 3.

Smart speaker
A smart speaker is a type of loudspeaker and voice command device with an integrated virtual assistant that offers interactive actions and hands-free activation with the help of one "wake word" (or several "wake words"). Some smart speakers also act as smart home hubs by using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Thread, and other protocol standards to extend usage beyond audio playback and control home automation devices connected through a local area network.
Słupsko, Łódź Voivodeship
Słupsko [ˈswupskɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mokrsko, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Mokrsko, 11 km (7 mi) west of Wieluń, and 97 km (60 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń
Wieluń [ˈvjɛluɲ] (Latin: Velun) is a town in south-central Poland with 21,624 inhabitants (2021). The town is the seat of the Gmina Wieluń and Wieluń County, and is located within the Łódź Voivodeship. Wieluń is a capital of the historical Wieluń Land.

Wieluń has a long and rich history. In the past, it used to be an important urban trade centre of the Kingdom of Poland. Several Polish kings and notables visited the town, but following the catastrophic Swedish Deluge (1655–1660), Wieluń declined and never regained its status. In September 1939, during the invasion of Poland, it was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. The Bombing of Wieluń is considered to be the first World War II bombing in Europe. It killed at least 127 civilians, injured hundreds more and destroyed the majority of the town.
Springvale South
Springvale South is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 24 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Greater Dandenong local government area. Springvale South recorded a population of 12,766 at the 2021 census.

City of Greater Dandenong
The City of Greater Dandenong is a local government area in Victoria, Australia in the southeastern suburbs of Melbourne. It has an area of just under 130 square kilometres (50 sq mi) and recorded 158,208 residents at the 2021 census. 29% of its land area forms part of the South East Green Wedge.

The Bunurong/Boon Wurrung and Wurundjeri peoples are the traditional owners and custodians of the land on which Greater Dandenong is now located.
La Salle Causeway
The La Salle Causeway, also called the LaSalle Causeway, is a causeway located in Kingston, Ontario. It allows Highway 2 to cross the Cataraqui River (the southern entrance of the Rideau Canal). The causeway separates Kingston's inner and outer harbours. Construction of the causeway was completed on April 15, 1917. The causeway transports approximately 23,000 vehicles daily.

Three bridges are incorporated into the causeway, the centre one being a Strauss trunnion bascule lift bridge, which was designed by Joseph Strauss, who designed the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco.

The La Salle Causeway was named after René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle. who oversaw the construction of Fort Frontenac in 1673 at what is now the western end of the causeway.

Trunnion
A trunnion (from Old French  trognon 'trunk') is a cylindrical protrusion used as a mounting or pivoting point. First associated with cannons, they are an important military development.

In mechanical engineering (see the trunnion bearing section below), it is one part of a rotating joint where a shaft (the trunnion) is inserted into (and turns inside) a full or partial cylinder.
Alling (surname)
Alling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander M. Alling (New York), a member of the 70th New York State Legislature

Alexander M. Alling (Wisconsin), a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly

Lillian Alling, Eastern European hiker

Morgan Alling (born 1968), Swedish actor, screenwriter and film and theatre director

Lillian Alling
Lillian Alling (1896 – after 1929) was an Eastern European immigrant to the United States, who in the 1920s attempted a return by foot to her homeland. Her four-year-long journey started in New York, and went westward across Canada, then north through British Columbia, the Yukon, and then west again reaching Alaska by 1929. It is not known if Alling successfully crossed the Bering Strait to Russia.
The Boat That Rocked (soundtrack)
The Boat That Rocked is a soundtrack album to the 2009 British film of the same title, a comedy about a fictitious British pirate radio station set in 1966. The soundtrack was released March 30, 2009 through Mercury Records as a double album featuring popular rock, pop, and soul artists of the 1960s. It also includes David Bowie's 1983 song "Let's Dance" and a 2009 cover version of "Stay with Me" performed by Duffy, with Lorraine Ellison's original 1966 version included as well. In North America, where the film was retitled Pirate Radio, the soundtrack album was released November 10, 2009 through Universal Republic. The Pirate Radio version omits four tracks that were included on The Boat That Rocked album—"Crimson and Clover" by Tommy James and the Shondells, "The Letter" by The Box Tops, "The End of the World" by Skeeter Davis, and "Hang On Sloopy" by The McCoys—and reverses the order of tracks 7 and 8 on the second disc.

Crimson and Clover
"Crimson and Clover" is a 1968 song by American rock band Tommy James and the Shondells. Written by the duo of Tommy James and drummer Peter Lucia Jr., it was intended as a change in direction of the group's sound and composition.

"Crimson and Clover" was released in late 1968 as a rough mix after a radio station leaked it. It spent 16 weeks on the U.S. charts, reaching number one in the United States (in February 1969) and at least five other countries. The single has sold 5 million copies, making it Tommy James and the Shondells' best-selling song. (The RIAA did not award a gold record, so the 5 million sales number is not officially acknowledged.) It has been recorded by many artists, most notably by Joan Jett.

In 2006, Pitchfork Media named it the 57th best song of the 1960s.
Alta Flights
Alta Flights was a charter airline based in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It operated regional passenger and cargo charters throughout Canada and the United States. Its main base was Edmonton International Airport, with hubs at Edmonton City Centre Airport and at Calgary International Airport.

Edmonton International Airport
Edmonton International Airport (IATA: YEG, ICAO: CYEG), officially branded YEG Edmonton International Airport, is an international airport that serves as the primary air passenger and air cargo facility in the Edmonton Metropolitan Region of the Canadian province of Alberta. It is located 30 km (19 mi) south of Downtown Edmonton in Leduc County on Highway 2 opposite of the city of Leduc, and spans just under 28 km2 (7,000 acres) making it the largest airport in Canada by land area and the 5th busiest airport in the country by passenger traffic.

The airport offers scheduled non-stop flights to major cities in Canada, the United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America and Europe. It is a hub facility for Northern Alberta and Northern Canada. The airport serves as the headquarters and hub for two major Canadian airlines, passenger carrier Flair Airlines and cargo carrier Morningstar Air Express.