hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Radiosurgery
Radiosurgery is surgery using radiation, that is, the destruction of precisely selected areas of tissue using ionizing radiation rather than excision with a blade. Like other forms of radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy), it is usually used to treat cancer. Radiosurgery was originally defined by the Swedish neurosurgeon Lars Leksell as "a single high dose fraction of radiation, stereotactically directed to an intracranial region of interest".

In stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), the word "stereotactic" refers to a three-dimensional coordinate system that enables accurate correlation of a virtual target seen in the patient's diagnostic images with the actual target position in the patient. Stereotactic radiosurgery may also be called stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) or stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) when used outside the central nervous system (CNS).

Coordinate system
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine and standardize the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space. The coordinates are not interchangeable; they are commonly distinguished by their position in an ordered tuple, or by a label, such as in "the x-coordinate". The coordinates are taken to be real numbers in elementary mathematics, but may be complex numbers or elements of a more abstract system such as a commutative ring. The use of a coordinate system allows problems in geometry to be translated into problems about numbers and vice versa; this is the basis of analytic geometry.
Jackson Laboratory
The Jackson Laboratory (often abbreviated as JAX) is an independent, non-profit biomedical research institution which was founded by Clarence Cook Little in 1929. It employs over 3,000 employees in Bar Harbor, Maine; Sacramento, California; Farmington, Connecticut; Shanghai, China; and Yokohama, Japan. The institution is a National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center and has NIH Centers of Excellence in aging and systems genetics. The stated mission of The Jackson Laboratory is "to discover the genetic basis for preventing, treating and curing human diseases, and to enable research and education for the global biomedical community."

The laboratory also provides more than 13,000 strains of mouse models to more than 2,400 organizations in 68 countries around the world. Additionally, JAX is the home of the Mouse Genome Informatics database, and an international hub for scientific courses, conferences, training and education.

University of Maine
The University of Maine (UMaine) is a public land-grant research university in Orono, Maine, United States. It was established in 1865 as the land-grant college of Maine and is the flagship university of the University of Maine System. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

With an enrollment of approximately 11,500 students, UMaine is the state's largest college or university. The University of Maine's athletic teams, nicknamed the Black Bears, are Maine's only NCAA Division I athletics program. Maine's men's ice hockey team has won two national championships.
Mach–Zehnder interferometer
The Mach–Zehnder interferometer is a device used to determine the relative phase shift variations between two collimated beams derived by splitting light from a single source. The interferometer has been used, among other things, to measure phase shifts between the two beams caused by a sample or a change in length of one of the paths. The apparatus is named after the physicists Ludwig Mach (the son of Ernst Mach) and Ludwig Zehnder; Zehnder's proposal in an 1891 article was refined by Mach in an 1892 article. Mach–Zehnder interferometry has been demonstrated with electrons as well as with light. The versatility of the Mach–Zehnder configuration has led to its being used in a  range of research topics efforts especially in fundamental quantum mechanics.

Ernst Mach
Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (/mɑːx/ MAHK; Austrian German: [ˈɛrnst ˈmax] ⓘ; 18 February 1838 – 19 February 1916) was an Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher who contributed to the understanding of the physics of shock waves. The ratio of the speed of a flow or object to that of sound is named the Mach number in his honor. As a philosopher of science, he was a major influence on logical positivism and American pragmatism. Through his criticism of Isaac Newton's theories of space and time, he foreshadowed Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.
Uruguayan Americans
Uruguayan Americans (Spanish: uruguayo-estadounidenses, norteamericanos de origen uruguayo or estadounidenses de origen uruguayo) are Americans of Uruguayan ancestry or birth. The American Community Survey of 2006 estimated the Uruguayan American population to number 50,538, a figure that notably increased a decade later.

Since Uruguay experienced large waves of European immigration from the 19th century until the mid-20th century, and approximately 93% of the country’s population is of European descent—mainly Spanish, Italian, French and Portuguese—many Uruguayan Americans identify not only with their national heritage, but also with their families’ countries of origin.

French Uruguayans
French Uruguayans (French: Franco-Uruguayen; Spanish: Franco-Uruguayos) are Uruguayan citizens of full or partial French ancestry. French Uruguayans form the third largest ancestry group after Spanish Uruguayans and Italian Uruguayans. Until 1853, France constituted the main source of immigrants to Uruguay. The country received the largest number of French immigrants to South America after Argentina (239,000) and Brazil (100,000), with almost 25,000 persons registered between 1833 and 1843.
Shibanpo Yangtze River Bridge
The Shibanpo Yangtze River Bridge (simplified Chinese: 石板坡长江大桥; traditional Chinese: 石板坡長江大橋; pinyin: Shíbǎnpō chángjiāng dàqiáo) consists of a pair of prestressed concrete box girder bridges over the Yangtze River in Chongqing, China. The bridges carries 8 lanes of traffic on Jiangnan Avenue between the Nan'an District south of the Yangtze River and the Yuzhong District to the north.

Yuzhong, Chongqing
Yuzhong District (渝中区) is the central district and heart of Chongqing municipality. It is the capital of the municipality and is also the political, economical, and entertainment center of the city of Chongqing. Located in the central portion of Yuzhong is the Jiefangbei CBD, a leading business and financial center of western China.

Surrounded on three sides by water, Yuzhong is effectively a peninsula between the Jialing and Yangtze Rivers. Due to the limited space, its hilly nature, and the fact that it is the main central business district for Chongqing, Yuzhong contains some of the tallest skyscrapers in China and is the most densely populated district in the municipality.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the relocated headquarters of the Nationalist Government were located in Yuzhong.
Tunbridge Wells (play)
Tunbridge Wells; Or, A Day's Courtship is a 1678 comedy play generally attributed to the English writer Thomas Rawlins. It was originally staged at the Dorset Garden Theatre in London by the Duke's Company. The names of the original actors are not known. It did not enjoy the same success as Rawlins' earlier work Tom Essence.

It takes place in the spa town Tunbridge Wells. There, a man-about-town, Owmuch, sets up a couple of London prostitutes posing as a rich widow and her maid, in the hope of collecting the courtship gifts offer by gentleman suitors. However, he sees a larger scam in tricking a foppish and idiotic baronet, Sir Lofty Vainman, into marrying her.

Dorset Garden Theatre
51°30′51″N 0°6′29″W﻿ / ﻿51.51417°N 0.10806°W﻿ / 51.51417; -0.10806

The Dorset Garden Theatre in London, built in 1671, was in its early years also known as the Duke of York's Theatre, or the Duke's Theatre. In 1685, King Charles II died and his brother, the Duke of York, was crowned as James II. When the Duke became King, the theatre became the Queen's Theatre in 1685, referring to James' second wife, Mary of Modena. The name remained when William III and Mary II came to the throne in 1689.

It was the fourth home of the Duke's Company, one of the two patent theatre companies in Restoration London, and after 1682 continued to be used by the company's successor, the United Company.

It was demolished in 1709.
Black-fronted parakeet
The black-fronted parakeet or Tahiti parakeet (Cyanoramphus zealandicus) is an extinct species of parrot endemic to the Pacific island of Tahiti. Its native name was simply 'ā'ā ("parrot") according to Latham (1790) though White (1887) gives "aa-maha".

It was discovered on James Cook's first voyage in 1769, on which the two specimens now in Liverpool and the one in the Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum in Tring appear to have been collected. Two of them - one of those in Liverpool and the Tring specimen - may also have been taken on Cook's second voyage, in 1773, but the type was painted by Sydney Parkinson who had died in 1771. Another specimen, collected by Amadis in 1842, is in the museum at Perpignan. The last known specimen was collected in 1844 by Lieutenant des Marolles, and is now housed in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.

Tahitian language
Tahitian (autonym: reo Tahiti, pronounced [ˈreo tahiti], part of reo Māʼohi, [ˈreo ˈmaːʔohi], languages of French Polynesia) is a Polynesian language, spoken mainly on the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It belongs to the Eastern Polynesian group.

As Tahitian had no written tradition before the arrival of the Western colonists, the spoken language was first transcribed by missionaries of the London Missionary Society in the early 19th century.
Neurolaeneae
Neurolaeneae is a tribe of flowering plants in the subfamily Asteroideae of the family Asteraceae.

Neurolaeneae genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as of April 2022:

Calea L.

Enydra Lour.

Greenmaniella W.M.Sharp

Heptanthus Griseb.

Neurolaena R.Br.

Staurochlamys Baker

Tonalanthus Brandegee

Unxia L.f.

Calea (plant)
Calea is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. They are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions in Mexico, Central America, and South America.

Extracts of Calea species have had antifungal, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, larvicidal, antiplasmodial, and antihypertensive effects in experiments. Some species are used in traditional medicine and ritual. Calea clematidea is used to treat influenza. Calea ternifolia is used in Mexico to treat dysentery and fever, and native peoples use it to influence their dreams.
Annelies Verlinden
Annelies Jan Louisa Verlinden (born 5 September 1978) is a Belgian politician. As of 3 February 2025, she is the Minister of Justice in the De Wever Government led by Prime Minister Bart De Wever. Previously she was  Minister of the Interior, Institutional Reforms, and Democratic Renewal in the De Croo Government. Verlinden is a member of the Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams party.

In the 2024 Belgian federal election, she was elected to the Belgian Chamber of Representatives.

In a 2023 interview, Verlinden reflected on Belgium’s institutional complexity, stating: *“Belgium is quite a complex country. We all know the Belgian painter René Magritte, with his absurd paintings and sometimes the comparison is made between these paintings and the state structure of Belgium.”*

De Wever government
The De Wever government is the incumbent federal government of Belgium after the 2024 Belgian federal election. On 31 January 2025, a final agreement was reached between N-VA, CD&V, Vooruit, MR and Les Engagés to form a so-called "Arizona coalition", named after the colours of the Arizona state flag. The new government is led by Bart de Wever, who is the first Flemish nationalist Prime Minister of Belgium. The ministers were sworn in before King Philippe on the third of February.
Sano Art Museum
The Sano Art Museum (佐野美術館, Sano Bijutsukan) is a private art museum, located in the Nakata neighborhood of the city of Mishima, Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan. The museum was founded in 1966 by Mishima-born Sano Ryūichi, founder of the chemical company Tekkōsha and recipient of the Second Order of the Sacred Treasure. The museum has a collection of over 2500 items, and is especially noted for its collection of Japanese swords.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Abd al-Haqq al-Badisi
Abd al-Haqq ibn Ismail al-Badisi (Arabic: عبدالحق بن إسماعيل الباديسي; died after 1322) was a Riffian biographer, author of Al-Maqsad al-sharif wa-al-manza al-latif fi tarif bi sulaha al-rif (The exalted resolve and the subtle object of the naming of the venerable inhabitants of the Rif), a book about the life of 48 Sufi saints of the Rif.

Riffians
Riffians or Rifians (Arabic: الريفيون; Tarifit: Irifiyen) are a Berber ethnic group originally from the Rif region of northeastern Morocco. Communities of Riffian immigrants are also found in southern Spain, Netherlands and Belgium as well as elsewhere in Western Europe. They are overwhelmingly Sunni Muslims and speak Tarifit and Moroccan Arabic.
Margaretha van Mechelen
Margaretha van Mechelen (c. 1580 in Lier – 17 May 1662 in The Hague) was a noblewoman of the Southern Netherlands and (from c.1600 to c.1610) the mistress of Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, with whom she had three sons:

Willem of Nassau, Lord of the Lek

Louis of Nassau, Lord of De Lek and Beverweerd

Maurice of Nassau (1604-1617)

Although Maurice refused to marry her (probably because she was a Catholic and only from the minor nobility), he did state his intent to do so from his death bed (and to legitimise and marry off their children).  This would threaten his half-brother Frederick Henry's place in the succession and so Frederick Henry summoned Amalia of Solms-Braunfels and married her a few days before Maurice's death. She died in 1662.

Amalia of Solms-Braunfels
Amalia of Solms-Braunfels (31 August 1602 – 8 September 1675) was Princess of Orange by marriage to Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. She acted as the political adviser of her spouse during his reign, and acted as his de facto deputy and regent during his infirmity from 1640 to 1647. She also served as chair of the regency council during the minority of her grandson William III, Prince of Orange from 1650 until 1672.
Cubitt Artists
Cubitt Artists is a British artist-run art gallery, artist studios and art educator, founded in 1991. Cubitt was first located in Goods Way in London's Kings Cross area, moved to Cubitt Street (from which it takes its current name), later to Caledonia Street, and is now located at Angel.

King's Cross, London
King's Cross is a district in the London boroughs of Camden and Islington, on either side of Euston Road in north London, England, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Charing Cross, bordered by Barnsbury to the north, Clerkenwell to the southeast, Angel to the east, Holborn and Bloomsbury to the south, Somers Town to the west and Camden Town to the northwest. It is served by two major rail termini, St Pancras and King's Cross. King's Cross station is the terminus of one of the major rail routes between London and the North.

The area, which was historically the south-eastern part of the parish and borough of St Pancras, and once known for drug-dealing and prostitution, has undergone significant regeneration since the mid-1990s. The introduction of the Eurostar rail service at St Pancras International and the rebuilding of King's Cross station helped stimulate the redevelopment of the long-derelict railway lands to the north of the termini.
Odom's indicator
Odom's indicator is a device used for locating the epidural space in regional anaesthesia. The device works on Dogliotti's principle by finding an area of decreased resistance to injection.  It was originally designed on the assumption that the pressure in the epidural space was negative. This device is no-longer popular and alternative methods (e.g. loss of resistance to saline, loss of resistance to air) are now used.

Epidural space
In anatomy, the epidural space is the potential space between the dura mater and vertebrae (spine).

The anatomy term "epidural space" has its origin in the Ancient Greek language; ἐπί, "on, upon" + dura mater also known as "epidural cavity", "extradural space" or "peridural space". In humans the epidural space contains lymphatics, spinal nerve roots, loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, small arteries, dural venous sinuses and a network of internal vertebral venous plexuses.
Peterskirche, Vienna
The Peterskirche (English: St. Peter's Church) is a Baroque Roman Catholic parish church in  Vienna, Austria. It was transferred in 1970 by the Archbishop of Vienna Franz Cardinal König to the priests of the Opus Dei.

Franz König
Franz König (3 August 1905 – 13 March 2004) was an Austrian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as archbishop of Vienna from 1956 to 1985, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1958. The last surviving cardinal elevated by Pope John XXIII, he was the longest-serving and second-oldest cardinal worldwide at the time of his death.
Herdi Noor Al-Deen
Herdi Noor Al-Din (Arabic: هيردي نور الدين; born January 24, 1992, in Kirkuk, Iraq) is an Iraqi football player of Kurdish ethnicity, who currently plays for Kirkuk FC in Iraq. He was called to the Iraq Youth team by Kadhim Al-Rubaiawy but later was Released by Hakim Shakir.

Kirkuk SC
Kirkuk Sports Club (Arabic: نادي كركوك, Kurdish: یانەی وەرزشیی کەرکووک) is a football club based in Kirkuk, Iraq. The team plays in Iraqi Third Division League.

Kirkuk participated in the Iraqi Premier League for the first time in 1983–84, but was relegated for several seasons to the lower divisions, before returning to the top-flight seasons later. They won the Iraqi First Division League in 2000–01.
Natal Open
The Natal Open was a golf tournament in South Africa. It was organised by the Natal Golf Union and ran from 1925 through to 1975. In latter years it was included within the Southern African Tour's Order of Merit. During the mid-20th century, major champions Bobby Locke and Gary Player had much success, winning several times each. In the 1960s, the tournament received international media coverage as Sewsunker Sewgolum, an Indian South African, controversially was allowed to enter the event and won it twice. In the final years of the Natal Open, Bobby Cole dominated, winning four times.

Sunshine Tour
The Sunshine Tour is a men's professional golf tour based in Southern and East Africa. For much of its early history it was known either as the Southern Africa Tour or Sunshine Circuit; through sponsorship deals, it has also been known as the FNB Tour and the Vodacom Tour. For the 2000–01 season the tour rebranded itself as the Sunshine Tour in an attempt to broaden its appeal. A large majority of the tour events are still staged in South Africa.
Heather Meyer
Heather Meyer (born August 14, 1980) is an American politician serving as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 29th district, as well as a Social Worker/Mental Health Clinician. She assumed office on September 7, 2021, after the resignation of her predecessor, Brett Parker.

Kansas House of Representatives
The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Kansas House of Representatives does not have term limits. The legislative session convenes at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka annually.
Sejm Constituency no. 40
The Sejm Constituency no. 40 (Polish: Okręg wyborczy nr 40) is a constituency of the Sejm (lower house of the Polish parliament) in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, electing eight deputies. It consists of the city county of Koszalin and the land counties of Białogard, Choszczno, Drawsko, Kołobrzeg, Koszalin, Sławno, Szczecinek, Świdwin and Wałcz. Constituency Electoral Commission's seat is the city of Koszalin.

Electoral districts of Poland
Electoral districts of Poland (Polish: okręgi wyborcze, okręg wyborczy (sg.)) are defined by Polish election law. Electoral districts can be divided depending on whether they are individual entities or parts of a larger electoral district with regard to elections to 1) parliament (Sejm) and Senate 2) local offices and 3) European Parliament. Each district has a number of mandates calculated on the basis of its population.
LS postcode area
The LS postcode area, also known as the Leeds postcode area, is a group of 29 postcode districts in England, within six post towns. These cover northern West Yorkshire (including Leeds, Wetherby, Pudsey, Otley, Morley and Ilkley) and some parts of North Yorkshire (including Tadcaster).

Pudsey
Pudsey is a market town in the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. It is located midway between Bradford city centre and Leeds city centre. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, it has a population of 25,393.
Jed (album)
Jed is the second studio album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls, released on February 22, 1989 by Metal Blade Records. It was the band's first album in which John Rzeznik sang vocals for some of the tracks; the majority of the songs are sung by Robby Takac, with Rzeznik taking over for two ("Up Yours" and "James Dean"). The album was named after painter Jed Jackson, who was Robby Takac's art teacher at Medaille College and who painted the cover artwork, which is entitled "Arkansas Sunset".

Medaille University
Medaille University was a private college in Buffalo, New York. The Sisters of St. Joseph founded Medaille in 1937, naming it after their founder, Jean Paul Médaille. It later became nonsectarian and coeducational. The college served roughly 1,600 students, mainly from Western New York and Southern Ontario, during its final years.

In May 2022, the Board of Regents of the New York State Department of Education approved Medaille College's request to be designated a university. Due to ongoing financial and enrollment challenges, Medaille announced its closure effective August 31, 2023.
C. Achutha Menon
Chelat Achutha Menon (13 January 1913 – 16 August 1991) was an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 4th Chief Minister of Kerala from November 1969 to August 1970 and again from October 1970 to 1977. He is viewed as one of the most influential Chief Ministers of Kerala.

Thrissur district
Thrissur district (Malayalam: [t̪riʃ(ː)uːr] ⓘ), anglicised as Trichur, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2 (1,171 sq mi), the district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population.

Thrissur district is bordered by the districts of Palakkad and Malappuram to the north,  the district of Ernakulam to the south and Coimbatore to the east. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and Western Ghats stretches towards the east.  It is part of the historical Malabar Coast, which has been trading internationally since ancient times.  The main language spoken is Malayalam.

Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur city. The district is known for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques.