hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
London Country North East
London Country North East was a bus operator in South East England and London. It was formed from the split of London Country Bus Services in 1986 and operated a fleet of around 350 buses from six garages, with its headquarters located in Hatfield.

The company was the last subsidiary of National Bus Company to be privatised, being sold to the AJS Group on 22 April 1988. Later in the same year it was split into County Bus & Coach and Sovereign Bus & Coach.

Grays, Essex
Grays, historically also known as Grays Thurrock, is the largest town and administrative headquarters of the borough of Thurrock, in Essex, England. The town is located on the north bank of the River Thames, approximately 20 miles (32 km) to the east of central London, and 2 miles (3.2 km) east of the M25 motorway. Its economy is linked to Port of London industries, its own offices, retail and the Lakeside Shopping Centre at West Thurrock. At the 2021 census the Grays built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which does not include the adjoining Chafford Hundred) had a population of 44,345.

Grays Thurrock was an ancient parish. It was abolished as a civil parish in 1936 on the creation of Thurrock Urban District, which in turn became the modern borough of Thurrock in 1974. Grays Thurrock remains the name of one of Thurrock's Church of England parishes.
Linda Dégh
Linda Dégh (18 March 1918 – 19 August 2014) was a folklorist and professor of Folklore & Ethnomusicology at Indiana University, USA.

Dégh was born in Budapest, Hungary and is well known as a folklorist for her work with legends, identity, and both rural and urban communities in Europe and North America. In 2004, as professor emerita at Indiana University, she was awarded the AFS Lifetime Scholarly Achievement Award. Dégh also served as president of the American Folklore Society in 1982.

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
Drummonderinoch
Drummonderinoch is a place in Comrie, Perthshire, Scotland. Its modern name is Drummond Earnoch.
The origin of the name comes from the tragic episode of the Massacre of Monzievaird on October 21, 1490.

One of its sons, John Drummond, came to a grisly end in Lochearnhead; his severed head inspired Sir Walter Scott’s tale, "A Legend of Montrose".

Comrie, Perth and Kinross
Comrie (/ˈkʌmri/; Scottish Gaelic: Comaraidh; Pictish: Aberlednock; Latin: Victoria) is a village and parish in the southern Highlands of Scotland, towards the western end of the Strathearn district of Perth and Kinross, 7 mi (11 km) west of Crieff.

Comrie is a historic conservation village in a national scenic area along the River Earn. The village's position on the Highland Boundary Fault causes it to experience more tremors than anywhere else in Britain, thus, it is nicknamed the "Shaky Toun" or "Am Baile Critheanach" in Gaelic. The parish is twinned with Carleton Place in Ontario, Canada.
ILE romanization of Cantonese
The Institute of Language in Education Scheme (Chinese: 教院式拼音方案) also known as the List of Cantonese Pronunciation of Commonly-used Chinese Characters romanization scheme (常用字廣州話讀音表), ILE scheme, and Cantonese Pinyin, is a romanization system for Cantonese developed by Ping-Chiu Thomas Yu (Chinese: 余秉昭) in 1971, and subsequently modified by the Education Department of Hong Kong (now the Education Bureau) and Zhan Bohui (詹伯慧) of the Chinese Dialects Research Centre of the Jinan University, Guangdong, PRC, and honorary professor of the School of Chinese, University of Hong Kong. It is the only romanization system accepted by Education and Manpower Bureau of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority.

The Institute of Education in its name refers to the Institute of Language in Education: 487  (語文教育學院: 423 ), which later became part of the Hong Kong Institute of Education, now the Education University of Hong Kong.

Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority
The Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA), previously known as the Hong Kong Examinations Authority (HKEA) before 2002, is a statutory body of the Hong Kong Government responsible for the administration of public examinations and related assessments. The authority is Hong Kong's only public examination board.

Currently HKEAA administers the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (HKDSE) since 2012; in the past, it was responsible for the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE) (discontinued since 2012) and the Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE) (discontinued since 2014).
Dariusz Drągowski
Dariusz Drągowski (born 3 November 1970) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the father of Bartłomiej Drągowski.

He graduated from the Mechanical School in Białystok. He is the product of the local Jagiellonia's youth system, and won the national junior championship in 1988 under Jerzy Brzęczek. He debuted in the senior team the same year, and stayed until 1995, amassing 88 caps, of which 12 in the top division.

He then played for Siarka Tarnobrzeg, with 21 top division caps in the 1995–96 season. Having stayed another season after relegation, he returned to Białystok in 1997 to play for Hetman. He was loaned out to Wigry Suwałki in 2000, before retiring in 2002.
After retirement, he became a customs officer.

Wigry Suwałki
Wigry Suwałki is a Polish football club based in Suwałki,  Podlaskie Voivodeship. In the 2025–26 season, they compete in group I of the III liga. They play their home games at the Municipal Stadium in Suwałki.
1922 South Londonderry by-election
The 1922 South Londonderry by-election was held on 18 January 1922.  The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent UUP MP, Robert Chichester who had won a by-election the previous August.  It was won unopposed by the UUP candidate Sir William Hacket Pain.

Hacket Pain retired at the general election in October 1922 when the constituency was merged with others into a larger Londonderry constituency.

William Pain
Brigadier-General Sir George William Hacket Pain, KBE, CB (5 February 1855 – 14 February 1924) was a British Army officer and Royal Irish Constabulary commissioner. He played a key part in setting up the Ulster Volunteers as a unionist militia during the Home Rule crisis of 1912, and was believed to have organised gun-running. At the outbreak of the First World War he served in command of a Brigade of the Ulster Division and commanding British forces in the north of Ireland. He served briefly as a Unionist Member of Parliament.
Gary Savage (engineer)
Gary Savage (born 27 April 1960) is a retired British Formula One engineer. He is best known for serving as deputy technical director and later operations director at the Formula One team based in Brackley, during its successive incarnations as British American Racing, Honda Racing F1 Team and Brawn GP.

Brackley
Brackley is a market town and civil parish in the West Northamptonshire unitary authority area of Northamptonshire, England. It lies on the borders with Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire, 9 miles (14 km) east-south-east of Banbury, 19 miles (31 km) north-north-east of Oxford and 22 miles (35 km) south-west of Northampton. Historically a market town based on the wool and lace trade, it was built on the intersecting trade routes between London, Birmingham, the Midlands, Cambridge and Oxford. Brackley is close to Silverstone and home to the Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team. In 2021, the parish had a population of 16,195.
Caloptilia invariabilis
Caloptilia invariabilis (cherry leaf-cone caterpillar moth) is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario and Québec) and the United States (California, Vermont and Tennessee).

The wingspan is about 15 mm.

The larvae feed on Prunus angustifolia, Prunus pennsylvanica, Prunus serotina and Prunus virginiana. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a very indistinct whitish linear mine ending in a small underside blotch. The parenchyma is consumed and the epidermis somewhat wrinkled. When the mine is at the margin of the leaf, the edge is folded under.

Prunus angustifolia
Prunus angustifolia, known commonly as Chickasaw plum, Cherokee plum, Florida sand plum, sandhill plum, or sand plum, is a North American species of plum-bearing tree.  It was originally cultivated by Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans. The species' name angustifolia refers to its narrow leaves.  It became the official state fruit of Kansas in 2022.
Mam'zelle Spahi
Mam'zelle Spahi is a 1934 French comedy film directed by Max de Vaucorbeil and starring Noël-Noël, Raymond Cordy and Josette Day. It was produced and distributed by the French subsidiary of Fox Film. It was shot at the Joinville Studios of Pathé-Natan in Paris.

Joinville Studios
The Joinville Studios were a film studio in Paris which operated between 1910 and 1987. They were one of the leading French studios, with major companies such as Pathé and Gaumont making films there.

A second studio was added to the original in 1923. This was located less than a kilometre away, and together the two served as a major filmmaking hub. After the Second World War the studio was merged into the Franstudio network in 1947 along with other major Paris studios including the Saint-Maurice Studios and Francoeur Studios.

In the early 1930s, the American company Paramount Pictures took over the studios and made French-language versions of their hit films. In total, films were made in fourteen different languages as Joinville became a hub of such multi-language versions. While many were remakes of English-language hits, some were original stories. This practice declined as dubbing became more commonplace.
Holborn (UK Parliament constituency)
Holborn was a parliamentary constituency centred on the Holborn district of Central London.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1950 general election, when it was largely replaced by the new constituency of Holborn & St Pancras South.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
Shōnannoumi Momotarō
Shōnannoumi Momotarō (Japanese: 湘南乃海 桃太郎; born April 8, 1998) is a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Ōiso, Kanagawa Prefecture. Wrestling for Takadagawa stable, he made his professional debut in March 2014, and became sekitori when he reached the jūryō division in January 2023. He was promoted to sumo's top division in July 2023. His highest rank has been maegashira 5.

Professional sumo divisions
Professional sumo as administered by the Japanese Sumo Association is divided into six ranked divisions. Wrestlers are promoted and demoted within and between these divisions based on the merit of their win–loss records in official tournaments. For more information, see kachi-koshi and make-koshi. Wrestlers are also ranked within each division. The higher a wrestler's rank within a division is, the general level of opponents he will have to face becomes stronger. According to tradition, each rank is further subdivided into East and West, with East being slightly more prestigious, and ranked slightly higher than its West counterpart. The divisions, ranked in order of hierarchy from highest to lowest, are as follows:
Middle kingdoms of India
The Middle Kingdoms of India were the political entities that existed on the Indian subcontinent from 230 BCE to 1206 CE. The period began with the decline of the Maurya Empire and the corresponding rise of the Satavahana dynasty, initiated by Simuka in the 1st century BCE. The “middle” period lasted for over 1,200 years and concluded in 1206 CE with the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and the gradual decline of the Later Cholas, the last of whom, Rajendra Chola III, died in 1279 CE.

This period encompasses two eras: Classical India, from the Maurya Empire up until the end of the Gupta Empire in 500 CE, and early Medieval India from 500 CE onwards. It also encompasses the era of classical Hinduism, which is dated from 200 BCE to 1100 CE. From 1 CE until 1000 CE, India's economy is estimated to have been the largest in the world, having between one-third and one-quarter of the world's wealth. This period was followed by the late Medieval period in the 13th century.

Talakadu
Talakādu is a town on the left bank of the Kaveri river 45 km (28 miles) from Mysore and 133 km (82 miles) from Bangalore in Karnataka, India. Latinizations of the towns name vary, but include Talkād, Talakadu, Talakkadu, or Thalakadu. It had over 30 temples, most of which now lay buried in sand. The extant group of temples, where the eastward flowing Kāveri river changes course as the sand on its banks spreads over a wide area, is a popular pilgrimage site for Hindus.
YY Canis Minoris
YY Canis Minoris, abbreviated YY CMi and otherwise referred to as HD 67110, is an eclipsing contact binary in the constellation of Canis Minor, close to the border with Hydra. Its apparent magnitude ranges between 8.46 and 9.23, making it too faint to be seen by the naked eye but visible using binoculars. It is located at a distance of approximately 772 light-years (237 pc) according to Gaia DR3 parallax measurements.

Gaia catalogues
The Gaia catalogues are star catalogues created using the results obtained by Gaia space telescope. The catalogues are released in stages that will contain increasing amounts of information; the early releases also miss some stars, especially fainter stars located in dense star fields. Data from every data release can be accessed at the Gaia archive.
Cedar Bayou
Cedar Bayou is a salt water channel on the Texas coast that separates San Jose Island from Matagorda Island. The pass serves as a water exchange between the Gulf of Mexico and the San Antonio, Matagorda and Aransas Bay systems.

Channel (geography)
In physical geography and hydrology, a channel is a landform on which a relatively narrow body of water is situated, such as a river, river delta or strait. While channel typically refers to a natural formation, the cognate term canal denotes a similar artificial structure.

Channels are important for the functionality of ports and other bodies of water used for navigability for shipping. Naturally, channels will change their depth and capacity due to erosion and deposition processes. Humans maintain navigable channels by dredging and other engineering processes.

By extension, the term also applies to fluids other than water, e.g., lava channels.
The term is also traditionally used to describe the waterless surface features on Venus.
Garnett Duncan
William Garnett Duncan (March 2, 1800 – May 25, 1875) was a United States representative from Kentucky. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He completed preparatory studies and was graduated from Yale College in 1821. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1822 and commenced practice in Louisville, Kentucky.

Duncan was elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849) but declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1848. After leaving Congress, he moved to Louisiana and settled in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1850, where he continued the practice of law.

Retiring from active law practice in 1860, Duncan traveled in Europe. He resided for a while in Paris, France before returning to the United States in 1875 to Louisville, Kentucky. He died in that city on May 25, 1875, and was buried in Cave Hill Cemetery.

Cave Hill Cemetery
Cave Hill Cemetery is a 296-acre (1.20 km2) Victorian era National Cemetery and arboretum located at Louisville, Kentucky. Its main entrance is on Baxter Avenue and there is a secondary one on Grinstead Drive. It is the largest cemetery by area and number of burials in Louisville.

Cave Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Cave Hill National Cemetery, containing military graves, is also on the National Register, added in 1998.
Utakai Hajime
The Utakai Hajime (歌会始, First poetry competition) is an annual gathering, convened by the Emperor of Japan, in which participants read traditional Japanese poetry on a common theme before a wider audience. It is held on 1 January at the Tokyo Imperial Palace, and is broadcast live on the NHK General TV and abroad on NHK World Premium.

Tokyo Imperial Palace
The Imperial Palace (皇居, Kōkyo; lit. 'Imperial Residence') is the main residence of the emperor of Japan. It is a large park-like area located in the Chiyoda district of the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo and contains several buildings, including the Fukiage Palace (吹上御所, Fukiage gosho), where the emperor has his living quarters; the main palace (宮殿, Kyūden), where various ceremonies and receptions take place; some residences of the Imperial Family; an archive; and museums and administrative offices.

The 1.15-square-kilometer (0.44 sq mi) palace grounds and gardens are built on the site of the old Edo Castle.
Alvin Ott
Alvin "Al" Ott (born June 19, 1949) is a retired American farmer and Republican politician from Calumet County, Wisconsin.  He served 30 years in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 3rd Assembly district from 1987 to 2017.

Calumet County, Wisconsin
Calumet County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,442. The county seat is Chilton. The county was created in 1836 (then in the Wisconsin Territory) and organized in 1850.

Calumet County is included in the Appleton, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Combined Statistical Area.

The Holyland is partially located in southern Calumet County.
Nadezhda Radzevich
Nadezhda Radzevich is a Russian former volleyball player from Chkalov/Orenburg, who competed for the now defunct Soviet Union who won a gold medal in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow with the Soviet national team.

Orenburg
Orenburg (Russian: Оренбу́рг, pronounced [ɐrʲɪnˈburk]), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies in Eastern Europe, near the boundary of Europe and Asia, along the banks of the Ural River, being approximately 1,480 kilometers (920 mi) southeast of Moscow.

Orenburg is close to the border with Kazakhstan. It was the capital of the Kazakh ASSR from 1920 to 1925.
Judith Lauand
Judith Lauand (26 May 1922 – 9 December 2022) was a Brazilian painter and printmaker. She is considered a pioneer of the Brazilian modernist movement that started in the 1950s, and was the only female member of the concrete art movement based in São Paulo, the Grupo Ruptura.

Araraquara
Araraquara (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˌɾaɾɐˈkwaɾɐ] or [aˌɾaɾɐˈkwaɾɐ]) is a city in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 250,314 (2022 est.) in an area of 1,004 km2 (388 sq mi). It is also known as "the abode of the sun," because of its impressive sunset and because of its hot weather, especially in summer. The city was founded in 1817.
Tommy Talton
Tommy Talton (January 9, 1949 – December 28, 2023) was an American guitarist who was a member of the rock groups Cowboy and We the People. He was also noted for playing and recording with Gregg Allman, Paul Butterfield, the Allman Brothers Band, Bonnie Bramlett, Clarence Carter, Corky Laing, Billy Joe Shaver, Dickey Betts, Kitty Wells, Martin Mull and Johnny Rivers.

Martin Mull
Martin Eugene Mull (/ˈmʊl/, August 18, 1943 – June 27, 2024) was an American actor, musician, and painter. He became known on Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, its spin-off Fernwood 2 Night, and America 2 Night. His other notable roles included Colonel Mustard in the 1985 film Clue, Leon Carp on Roseanne, Willard Kraft on Sabrina the Teenage Witch, Vlad Masters/Vlad Plasmius on Danny Phantom, and Gene Parmesan on Arrested Development. He had a recurring role on Two and a Half Men as Russell, a drug-using, humorous pharmacist.
Roscoff Restaurant
Roscoff Restaurant was a restaurant in 7 Ascot House, Shaftesbury Square, Belfast, Northern Ireland. It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in 1991 and retained that rating until 1998.

Restaurant Roscoff was established in 1984 under the name Roscoff. Some years later, after the addition of other eateries to the Paul Rankin Group, the name was changed to Roscoff Restaurant.

In 1991 the Michelin Guide awarded its first Michelin star in Northern Ireland to head chef Paul Rankin. Roscoff and Rankin were highly influential on the contemporary culinary world in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Many chefs and head chefs, such as Dylan McGrath, Michael Deane and Robbie Millar, have received part of their training there.

Forced by financial difficulties, Rankin sold the restaurant in 2005. The building is now occupied by restaurant CoCo.

Dylan McGrath
Dylan McGrath (born 4 August 1977) is an Irish celebrity head chef. He was the owner of the now defunct Michelin starred restaurant Mint in Dublin which closed as a result of the economic downturn. In August 2010 he opened 'Rustic Stone Restaurant by Dylan McGrath' on South Great George's Street in Dublin's city centre. In 2011 Dylan was announced by RTÉ One as the judge on the Irish version of the show Masterchef. He also appeared in the 2008 RTÉ One television series Guerrilla Gourmet and in the fly on the wall series The Pressure Cooker. Derry Clarke has called him a "brilliant young chef".
BrickLink Studio
BrickLink Studio (also known as Studio 2.0) is a freeware CAD software developed by BrickLink which allows for the creation of virtual 3D models with Lego bricks. It replaced Lego Digital Designer as the official Lego design software.

Freeware
Freeware is software, often proprietary, that is distributed at no monetary cost to the end user. There is no agreed-upon set of rights, license, or EULA that defines freeware unambiguously; every publisher defines its own rules for the freeware it offers. For instance, modification, redistribution by third parties, and reverse engineering are permitted by some publishers but prohibited by others. Unlike with free and open-source software, which are also often distributed free of charge, the source code for freeware is typically not made available. Freeware may be intended to benefit its producer by, for example, encouraging sales of a more capable version, as in the freemium and shareware business models; or by collecting and selling user's personal data.