hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chammliberg
The Chammliberg is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located south of the Klausen Pass in the canton of Uri. While the south side of the mountain is covered by the large Hüfi Glacier, the north-west side consists of an 800 metre high face.

Hüfi Glacier
The Hüfi Glacier (German: Hüfifirn) is a 7 km (4.3 mi) long glacier (2005) situated in the Glarus Alps in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. In 1973 it had an area of 13.64 km2 (5.27 sq mi).

Hüfi Glacier around 1880 by Heinrich Müller
Apple Springs, Texas
Apple Springs is an unincorporated community in Trinity County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 185 in 2000. It is located within the Huntsville, Texas micropolitan area.

Huntsville, Texas
Huntsville is a city in and the county seat of Walker County, Texas, United States. Its population was 45,941 as of the 2020 census. It is the center of the Huntsville micropolitan area. Huntsville is in the East Texas Piney Woods on Interstate 45 and home to Sam Houston State University, Texas State Prison, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Huntsville State Park, and HEARTS Veterans Museum of Texas.

The city served as the residence of Sam Houston, the first and third president of the Republic of Texas, who later represented the state in the U.S. Senate and as Governor of Texas. He is recognized in Huntsville by the Sam Houston Memorial Museum, a statue on Interstate 45, and Sam Houston State University, located in central Huntsville.
Nakielnica
Nakielnica [nakʲɛlˈɲit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów Łódzki, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-west of Aleksandrów Łódzki, 11 km (7 mi) west of Zgierz, and 17 km (11 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Aleksandrów Łódzki
Aleksandrów Łódzki ([alɛkˈsandruf ˈwut͡skʲi] ⓘ) is a town in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland. It is a part of the Łódź metropolitan area. Aleksandrów Łódzki has an area of 13.82 square kilometres (5.34 square miles), and as of June 2022 its population was 22,160.
Princes House, Brighton
Princes House (formerly Norwich Union House) is an office and residential building in the centre of Brighton, part of the English coastal city of Brighton and Hove.  The prominently sited building, an example of Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel's "inimitable response to Modernism", was purpose-built as the headquarters of the Brighton & Sussex Building Society, forerunner of the Alliance & Leicester. The office was later used by Norwich Union, another financial institution, and now houses a restaurant and flats.  The steel-framed structure is clad in red bricks with inlaid mosaicwork, forming a carefully detailed façade, and the corner elevation has an arrangement of brickwork and windows which suggests "the pleated folds of a curtain".  The building is listed at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.

Royal Pavilion
The Royal Pavilion (also known as the Brighton Pavilion) and its surrounding gardens form a Grade I listed former royal residence located in Brighton, England. Beginning in 1787, it was built in three stages as a seaside retreat for George, Prince of Wales, who became the Prince Regent in 1811, and King George IV in 1820. It is built in the Indo-Saracenic style prevalent in India for most of the 19th century. The current appearance, with its Mughal inspired features such as bulbous domes, chhatri-topped minarets and cusped arches, is the work of the architect John Nash, who extended the building starting in 1815. George IV's successors William IV and Victoria also used the Pavilion, but Queen Victoria decided that Osborne House should be the royal seaside retreat, and the Pavilion was sold to the city of Brighton in 1850.
Isaiah Sellers
Isaiah Sellers (c. 1802–1864) was the riverboat captain from whom Samuel L. Clemens (Mark Twain) claimed to have appropriated the pen name Mark Twain.

The story of how Clemens started to use the name is told in chapter 50 of Life on the Mississippi and is summarized in the main article on Mark Twain. He allegedly wrote articles for the New Orleans Daily Picayune. Since there are a few problems with the chronology of Sellers' death and Clemens' first use of the name, the story is not accepted uncritically by Twain scholars. Captain Isaiah Sellers is buried at Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri.

Bellefontaine Cemetery
Bellefontaine Cemetery and Arboretum is a nonprofit, non-sectarian cemetery and arboretum in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1849 as a rural cemetery, Bellefontaine has several architecturally significant monuments and mausoleums such as the Louis Sullivan-designed Wainwright Tomb, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The cemetery contains 314 acres (1.27 km2) of land and over 87,000 graves, including those of William Clark, Adolphus Busch, Thomas Hart Benton, Rush Limbaugh, and William S. Burroughs. It has many Union and Confederate soldiers from the American Civil War, and local and state politicians. It has the largest collection of private and family mausoleums and sarcophagi in Missouri.
Essential health benefits
In the United States, essential health benefits (EHBs) are a set of ten benefits, defined under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010, that must be covered by individually-purchased health insurance and plans in small-group markets both inside and outside of health insurance marketplaces. Large-group health plans, self-insured ERISA plans, and ERISA-governed multi-employer welfare arrangements that are not subject to state insurance law are exempted from the requirement.: 3

Commonwealth Fund
The Commonwealth Fund is an American private foundation whose stated purpose is to "promote a high-performing health care system that achieves better access, improved quality, and greater efficiency, particularly for society's most vulnerable, including low-income people, the uninsured, and people of color." It is active in a number of areas related to health care and health policy. It is led by Joseph R. Betancourt, M.D., M.P.H.
James R. Robinson
James R. Robinson (1860–1950) was a Scottish-born American industrialist, inventor, and author of a seminal book on mine ventilation (1922). The book documents his invention of a new device for ventilating mines and preventing the build-up of explosive methane gas underground, thereby dramatically improving mine safety.

He founded the Robinson Ventilating Company, forerunner of today’s Robinson Industries, one of the United States' leading designers and manufacturers of industrial fans.

Underground mine ventilation
Underground mine ventilation provides a flow of air to the underground workers of a mine with sufficient volume to dilute and remove dust and noxious gases (typically NOx, SO2, methane, CO2 and CO) and to regulate temperature.  The source of these gases are equipment that runs on diesel engines, blasting with explosives, and the orebody itself. Regulations often require airflow to be distributed within mines to improve air quality.

The largest component of the operating cost for mine ventilation is electricity to power the ventilation fans, which may account for one third of a typical underground mine's entire electrical power cost.
Thames Valley District School Board
The Thames Valley District School Board (TVDSB; known as English-language Public District School Board No. 11 prior to 1999) is a public school board in southwestern Ontario, Canada.

The TVDSB serves an area over 7,000 square kilometres which includes urban, suburban and rural communities.  It spans three counties and includes the cities of London, St. Thomas, and Woodstock, plus the towns of Ingersoll, Tillsonburg, and Strathroy-Caradoc, as well as several smaller towns and villages.

As of 2024, the Board administered 160 schools (134 elementary and 26 secondary schools).  They also provide alternative education programs for approximately 40,000 students through adult day school, continuing education, general interest, night school and summer school courses.

H. B. Beal Secondary School
H. B. Beal Secondary School is a high school in London, Ontario.  It is named after Herbert Benson Beal, the founder and first principal of the school. H. B. Beal is the second largest school in Thames Valley District School Board with almost 2,000 students currently enrolled as of 2019/20. The school property sits on almost two whole city blocks in downtown London. The actual building sits on one, while the other block is used for parking and athletics, including a football field and a track.
College Point, Florida
College Point is located in Bay County, Florida, United States, and is now part of the city of Lynn Haven. The name, chosen by Mary Gaston Stollenwerck Jones, was the post office address of Bob Jones College (now Bob Jones University) built there in 1927. The college moved to Cleveland, Tennessee, in 1933, then to Greenville, South Carolina, in 1947.

Cleveland, Tennessee
Cleveland is the county seat of and the largest city in Bradley County, Tennessee. The population was 47,356 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Cleveland metropolitan area, Tennessee (consisting of Bradley and neighboring Polk County), which is included in the Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN–GA–AL Combined Statistical Area.

Cleveland is the seventeenth-largest city in Tennessee and has the fifth-largest industrial economy, having thirteen Fortune 500 manufacturers.
Lezhë District
Lezhë District (Albanian: Rrethi i Lezhës) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 newly created counties. It had a population of 68,218 in 2001, and an area of 479 km2 (185 sq mi). It is in the north-west of the country, and its capital was the city of Lezhë. The area of the former district is coextensive with the present municipality of Lezhë, which is part of Lezhë County.

Lezhë District is located in north Albania and is a region with thousands of years of history. In Lezhë the League of Lezhë was created under the order of Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg.

Many famous people are from Lezhë, such as Frang Bardhi and Gjergj Fishta. The waves of the Adriatic Sea which hit the shore of Lezhë start at the Shëngjin Harbor, one of the three largest harbors of Albania, and up to Tale. The rivers Mat and Drin flow through the district and pour into the Adriatic Sea.

Frang Bardhi
Frang Bardhi (Latin: Franciscus Blancus, Italian: Francesco Bianchi, 1606–1643) was an Albanian Catholic bishop and Old Albanian author from the Renaissance. Bardhi is best known as an author of the early eras of Albanian literature. He served as Bishop of Sapë (1635–1644).
Sound Manager
The Sound Manager is a part of the classic Apple Macintosh operating system, in Classic Mac OS. It is used to control the production and manipulation of sounds on Macintosh computers. The Sound Manager is also used by other parts of the Macintosh system software that produce sounds, such as the Speech Manager and QuickTime.

It was replaced by Core Audio in Mac OS X.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
John Bennett (Australian politician)
John Myles Bennett (19 July 1942 – 8 October 2019) was an Australian politician. He was born in Hobart, Tasmania, and held a Bachelor of Law. In the 1986 state election, he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as a Liberal member for Denison, and he served as a minister from 1986 to 1989. Bennett resigned from parliament on 30 January 1990.

Tasmanian Liberal Party
The Tasmanian Liberal Party, officially known as the Liberal Party of Australia (Tasmanian Division) and more simply as the Tasmanian Liberals, is the state division of the Liberal Party of Australia in Tasmania.

The incumbent premier of Tasmania is Jeremy Rockliff, who has served as the Liberal leader since 2022.
Tang Mie
Tang Mie or Tang Mo (Chinese: 唐眜; died 301 BC) was a Chinese general during the Warring States period. He was killed at the Battle of Chuisha in modern-day Henan Province leading the armies of Chu against a four-state anti-Chu alliance of Qi, Wei, Han and Qin.

Qi (state)
Qi, or Ch'i in Wade–Giles romanization,  was a regional state of the Zhou dynasty in ancient China, whose rulers held titles of Hou (侯), then Gong (公), before declaring themselves independent Kings (王). Its capital was Linzi, located in present-day Shandong. Qi was founded shortly after the Zhou conquest of Shang, c. 1046 BCE. Its first monarch was Jiang Ziya (Lord Tai; r. 1046–1015 BCE), minister of King Wen and a legendary figure in Chinese culture. His family ruled Qi for several centuries before it was replaced by the Tian family in 386 BCE. Qi was the final surviving state to be annexed by Qin during its unification of China.
Ölkelda
Ölkelda (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈœlˌcʰɛlta]) is a farm in the south side of the Snæfellsnes peninsular in Snæfellsbær municipality, Iceland, roughly 33 kilometres (21 mi) from Stykkishólmur. Ölkelda is the Icelandic term for mineral spring, derived from the Old Norse language and means "holy ale well", from the words öl (“ale”) and kelda (“spring, well”). It is these natural qualities that are found in natural earthen spring water on the premises of Ölkelda farm.

The water here has been regarded by locals as having special therapeutic properties for centuries, with the ability to heal diseases. The farmhouse was built in 1904.
The stone-lined spring as of 1995 was free to access by the public.

Stykkishólmur
Stykkishólmur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈstɪhcɪsˌhoulmʏr̥] ⓘ) is a town and municipality situated in the western part of Iceland, in the northern part of the Snæfellsnes peninsula. It is a center of services and commerce for the area. Most of the people make their living from fishing and tourism. A ferry called Baldur goes over the Breiðafjörður fjord to the Westfjords. It also is the gateway to Flatey. The origin of Stykkishólmur can be traced to its natural harbor. The location became an important trading post early in Iceland's history: the first trading post in Stykkishólmur is traced back to the mid-16th century, even before Denmark implemented the Danish–Icelandic Trade Monopoly (1602 – 1787). From that time trading has been at the heart of the settlement's history. In 1828 Árni Thorlacius built a large house for his home and companies, the Norwegian house, which has been renovated and accommodates the local museum.
Five Acres and Independence
Five Acres and Independence: A practical guide to the selection and management of the small farm is a book about self-sustainable small-scale farming, written by Maurice Grenville Kains. It was first published in 1935 during the Great Depression. It was written to provide practical information for people such as urban factory workers who had never worked on a farm. The book contains 46 chapters on all types of farming practices.

Smallholding
A smallholding or smallholder is a small farm operating under a small-scale agriculture model. Definitions vary widely for what constitutes a smallholder or small-scale farm, including factors such as size, food production technique or technology, involvement of family in labor and economic impact. Smallholder farms are often defined as those operating on less than two hectares of land.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that there are roughly 500 million smallholder farms – those covering less than two hectares – which account for about 85 percent of all farms globally but manage only around 9 percent of the world’s agricultural land.
SS Ralph Izard
SS Ralph Izard was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Ralph Izard, an American politician. He was appointed commissioner to the Court of Tuscany by the Continental Congress in 1776, but was recalled in 1779. He returned to America in 1780, and pledged his large estate in South Carolina, for the payment of war ships to be used in the American Revolutionary War. He was a member of the Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783. In 1788, he was elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1789, to March 4, 1795, serving as President pro tempore of the United States Senate during the Third Congress.

3rd United States Congress
The 3rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 4, 1793, to March 4, 1795, during the fifth and sixth years of George Washington's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was governed by the Apportionment Act of 1792 and based on the 1790 census. The Senate had a Pro-Administration majority, and the House had an Anti-Administration majority.
Arthur Mason Worthington
Arthur Mason Worthington CB FRS (11 June 1852 in Manchester – 5 December 1916 in Oxford) was an English physicist and educator. He is best known for his work on fluid mechanics, especially the physics of splashes; for observing those, he pioneered techniques of high speed photography. He also proposed the slug as a unit of inertial mass, and the pound-foot as a dedicated unit of torque.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Big Top (album)
Big Top is the second album by American jazz drummer Whit Dickey, which was recorded in 1999 and released on Wobbly Rail, a short-lived imprint started by Merge Records/Superchunk principal Mac McCaughan.
For this record, Dickey expanded to a quartet consisting of the trio with whom he recorded Transonic, with the addition of guitarist Joe Morris. They played Eric Dolphy composition "The Prophet", from the album At the Five Spot, and Thelonious Monk's "Skippy".

Merge Records
Merge Records is an independent record label based in Durham, North Carolina. It was founded in 1989 by Laura Ballance and Mac McCaughan. It began as an outlet for music from their band Superchunk and music created by friends, and has expanded to include artists from around the world, with records reaching the top of the Billboard music charts.
Prayer of the Blessed Virgin
The Prayer to Our Lady of Mount Carmel is a prayer in the Roman Catholic Church. It is a part of a novena for prayer beginning on July 7, July 8, and in time of need.

On June 28th 1852, it was given a hundred days indulgence by Cardinal Wiseman, Archbishop of Westminster, in favour of Carmelites and any other Christian believer, which recite three daily prayers during nine consecutive days or Saturdays. Worshippers are pointed to wear the Holy Scapular, make the preparatory acts of faith, hope, charity, contrition.

Archbishop of Westminster
The metropolitan archbishop of Westminster heads the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster, in England. The incumbent is the metropolitan of the Province of Westminster, chief metropolitan of England and Wales and, as a matter of custom, is elected president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, and therefore de facto spokesman of the Catholic Church in England and Wales. All previous archbishops of Westminster have become cardinals.
Although all the bishops of the restored diocesan episcopacy took new titles, like that of Westminster, they saw themselves in continuity with the pre-Reformation Church and post-Reformation vicars apostolic and titular bishops. Westminster, in particular, saw itself as the continuity of Canterbury, hence the similarity of the coats of arms of the two sees, with Westminster believing it has more right to it since it features the pallium, a distinctly Catholic symbol of communion with the Holy See.
Malyshevo, Selivanovsky District, Vladimir Oblast
Malyshevo (Russian: Малышево) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Malyshevskoye Rural Settlement, Selivanovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 799 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

Selivanovsky District
Selivanovsky District (Russian: Селива́новский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,388 square kilometers (536 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Krasnaya Gorbatka. Population: 17,201 (2021 Census); 18,610 (2010 Census); 21,330 (2002 Census); 24,767 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Krasnaya Gorbatka accounts for 46.5% of the district's total population.
Ammotrophus cyclius
Ammotrophus cyclius is a species of sand dollar of the family Clypeasteridae. Their external skeleton, known as a test, is covered with spines. It belongs to the genus Ammotrophus and lives in the seas off southern Australia. Ammotrophus cyclius was first scientifically described in 1928 by Hubert Clark.

Test (biology)
In biology, a test is the hard shell of some spherical aquatic animals and protists, notably sea urchins and microorganisms such as testate foraminiferans, radiolarians, and testate amoebae. The term is also applied to the covering of scale insects. The related Latin term testa is used for the outer layer of the hard seed coat of plant seeds.