hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USC&GS Barataria
USCS, later USC&GS, Barataria was a steamer that served as a survey ship in the United States Coast Survey from 1867 to 1878 and in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1878 to 1885.

Barataria initially entered service in the Coast Survey. When the Coast Survey was reorganized in 1878 to form the Coast and Geodetic Survey, she became a part of the new service.

Barataria operated mostly along the United States Gulf Coast during her career.

Survey vessel
A survey vessel is any type of ship or boat that is used for underwater surveys, usually to collect data for mapping or planning underwater construction or mineral extraction. It is a type of research vessel, and may be designed for the purpose, modified for the purpose or temporarily put into the service as a vessel of opportunity, and may be crewed, remotely operated, or autonomous. The size and equipment vary to suit the task and availability.
Floored (film)
Floored is a 2009 documentary film about floor traders of the Chicago futures exchange trading floors, which were becoming obsolete due to electronic trading. Directed by James Allen Smith, the film runs for 77 minutes.

The film was released in September 2009, as economies were recovering from the Great Recession and just before the 2010 flash crash. Ironically, the documentary was widely available on video sharing sites before its official "web premiere" on September 6, 2013.

Critics have suggested a meta-fictional subtext to the documentary, linking the film's storyline about Chicago traders to the plight of independent filmmakers in a time of the declining influence of film festivals and the ubiquitousness of free internet content.

2010 flash crash
The May 6, 2010, flash crash, also known as the crash of 2:45 or simply the flash crash, was a United States trillion-dollar flash crash (a type of stock market crash) which started at 2:32 p.m. EDT and lasted for approximately 36 minutes.
Northwood University
Northwood University (NU) is a private university in Midland, Michigan, United States, and online. Founded in 1959, the university specializes in business and management education, offering undergraduate and graduate programs across disciplines such as business administration, finance, accounting, marketing, entrepreneurship, hospitality and automotive-related business fields. As a business school, it offers bachelor's (BBA), master's (MBA & M.S.) and PhD degrees. More than  57,000 students have graduated from the institution.

Business education
Business education is a branch of education that involves teaching the skills and operations of the business industry. This field of education occurs at multiple levels, including secondary and higher education.
Hereford and Worcester
Hereford and Worcester (/ˈhɛrɪfərd ... ˈwʊstər/ HERR-if-ərd ... WUUST-ər) was an English non-metropolitan county created on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 from the areas of the former administrative county of Herefordshire, most of Worcestershire (except Halesowen, Stourbridge and Warley, which became part of the West Midlands) and the county borough of Worcester. An aim of the Act was to increase efficiency of local government: the two counties are among England's smaller and less populous counties, particularly after the same Act transferred some of Worcestershire's most urbanised areas to the West Midlands.

The county bordered Shropshire, Staffordshire and the West Midlands to the north, Warwickshire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south, and Gwent and Powys in Wales to the west. It was abolished in 1998 and reverted, with some transfers of territory, to the two separate historic counties of Herefordshire and Worcestershire.

Stourbridge
Stourbridge (/ˈstaʊərbrɪdʒ/) is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley in the West Midlands, England. Situated on the River Stour, the town lies around 11 miles (18 kilometres) west of Birmingham,
at the southwestern edge of the Black Country conurbation. Historically in Worcestershire, it was the centre of British glass making during the Industrial Revolution. The 2021 UK census recorded the town's population as 56,950.
334th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 334th Infantry Division (German: 334. Infanterie-Division) was a German Army infantry division in World War II.  Originally formed in November 1942, it surrendered to the Allies at the conclusion of the Tunisian Campaign in May 1943.  The division was reconstituted on 3 June 1943 in France within the 1st Army, with the staff of the 80th Infantry Division (which had only just been formed a few days prior) as well as remnants of the old division and replacement units. It spent the remainder of the war serving on the Italian Front.

Hellmuth Böhlke
Hellmuth Böhlke  (7 February 1893  – 8 April 1956) was a German general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II who commanded the 334. Infanterie-Division.  He was also a recipient of the  Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.
Folk belief
In folkloristics, folk belief or folk-belief is a broad genre of folklore that is often expressed in narratives, customs, rituals, foodways, proverbs, and rhymes. It also includes a wide variety of behaviors, expressions, and beliefs. Examples of concepts included in this genre are magic, popular belief, folk religion, planting signs, hoodoo, conjuration, charms, rootwork, taboos, old wives' tales, omens, portents, the supernatural and folk medicine.

Folk belief and associated behaviors are strongly evidenced among all elements of society, regardless of education level or income. In turn, folk belief is found in an agricultural, suburban, and urban environments alike.

Evocation
Evocation or conjuration is the act of evoking, calling upon, or summoning a spirit, demon, deity or other supernatural agents, in the Western mystery tradition. Conjuration also refers to a summoning, often by the use of a magical spell. The conjuration of the ghosts or spirits of the dead for the purpose of divination is called necromancy. Comparable practices exist in many religions and magical traditions and may employ the use of mind-altering substances with and without uttered word formulas.
KBPU
KBPU (88.7 FM) and KTYC (88.5 FM) are radio stations in De Queen and Nashville, Arkansas. The two stations form a simulcast known as Ed 88 with a variety/classic hits format. The stations are owned and operated by Cossatot Community College, part of the University of Arkansas System, and maintain studios in De Queen and Nashville.

University of Arkansas System
The University of Arkansas System is a state university system in the U.S. state of Arkansas.  It comprises six campuses; a medical school; two law schools; a graduate school focused on public service; a historically black college; statewide research, service, and educational units for agriculture, criminal justice, archeology; several community colleges; and a high school. Over 50,000 students are enrolled in over 188 undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs.

Legally, the entire system carries the name The Board of Trustees of the University of Arkansas.  Nonetheless, to avoid confusion with its flagship campus in Fayetteville, the system usually refers to itself as the University of Arkansas System and the Fayetteville campus usually refers to itself as the University of Arkansas.
Alpha-glucuronidase
For beta-glucuronidase, see Beta-glucuronidase

In enzymology, an alpha-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.139) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

an alpha-D-glucuronoside + H2O  an alcohol + D-glucuronate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are alpha-D-glucuronoside and H2O, whereas its two products are alcohol and D-glucuronate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, to be specific those glycosidases that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is alpha-D-glucosiduronate glucuronohydrolase. This enzyme is also called alpha-glucosiduronase.

Glucuronide
A glucuronide, also known as glucuronoside, is any substance produced by linking glucuronic acid to another substance via a glycosidic bond. The glucuronides belong to the glycosides.

Glucuronidation, the conversion of chemical compounds to glucuronides, is a method that animals use to assist in the excretion of toxic substances, drugs or other substances that cannot be used as an energy source.  Glucuronic acid is attached via a glycosidic bond to the substance, and the resulting glucuronide, which has a much higher water solubility than the original substance, is eventually excreted by the kidneys.

Enzymes that cleave the glycosidic bond of a glucuronide are called glucuronidases.
Eğribucak, Hassa
Eğribucak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Hassa, Hatay Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 669 in 2022.

In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 38 houses of Turks and 12 houses of Armenians (including Armenian Catholics).

Martin Hartmann
Martin Hartmann (9 December 1851, Breslau – 5 December 1918, Berlin) was a German orientalist, who specialized in Islamic studies.

In 1875, he received his doctorate at the University of Leipzig as a student of Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer. From 1876 to 1887 he served as a dragoman at the German General Consulate in Beirut. From 1887 until his death in 1918 he taught classes at the Department of Oriental Languages in Berlin.

As a professor in Berlin he strove hard for the recognition of Islamic studies as an independent discipline. His numerous contributions to the field of Islamic studies were based on a sociological standpoint. Many of these works were published in the journal "Die Welt des Islams" (The World of Islam), a publication of the "Deutsche Gesellschaft für Islamkunde", an organization that Hartmann was a co-founder of in 1912.
Shoucheng Holdings
Shoucheng Holdings Limited (SEHK: 697) is a Hong Kong-based investment holding company and a red chip stock. It is a subsidiary of Shougang Group, a state-owned enterprise based in Beijing. The company focuses on infrastructure asset management and intelligent infrastructure investment across mainland China.

The company operates under a dual business model of asset operation including intelligent parking infrastructure and property-related facilities and Fundraising, Investment, Management, and Exit, applied to infrastructure asset investment and lifecycle management.

Red chip
Red chip stocks (Chinese: 红筹股; pinyin: hóng chóu gǔ; Jyutping: hung4 chau4 gu2) are the stocks of mainland China companies incorporated outside mainland China (often Hong Kong or a British Overseas Territory) and listed in the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. It refers to businesses based in mainland China and with (majority) shares controlled either directly or indirectly by a government body. This controlling entity could be one or more combinations of the central, provincial or municipal mainland government, with the company listed in Hong Kong to allow private and overseas investment.

The term was coined by Hong Kong economist Alex Tang in 1992 and combines blue chip stocks with "red" representing the socialist economic philosophy of the People's Republic of China.
Wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 130 kg
Men's Greco-Roman 130 kilograms competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil took place on August 15 at the Carioca Arena 2 in Barra da Tijuca.

This Greco-Roman wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

The medals for the competition were presented by Sergey Bubka, IOC member, Ukraine, and the gifts were presented by Ahmet Ayik, Vice President of UWW.

Ahmet Ayık
Ahmet Ayık (born March 31, 1938), is a former Turkish World champion of Karachay origin and Olympic medalist sports wrestler in the Light heavyweight class (97 kg) and a sports executive. He won the silver medal at the 1964 Olympics in Men's Freestyle wrestling and the gold medal at the 1968 Olympics.
Rump kernel
The NetBSD rump kernel is the first implementation of the "anykernel" concept where drivers either can be compiled into or run in the monolithic kernel or in user space on top of a light-weight kernel.
The NetBSD drivers can be used on top of the rump kernel on a wide range of POSIX operating systems, such as the Hurd, Linux, NetBSD, DragonFly BSD, Solaris kernels and even Cygwin, along with the file system utilities built with the rump libraries. The rump kernels can also run without POSIX directly on top of the Xen hypervisor, an L4 microkernel using the Genode OS Framework or even on OS-less bare metal.

Bare machine
In information technology, a bare machine (or bare-metal computer) is a computer which has no operating system. The software executed by a bare machine, commonly called a "bare metal program" or "bare metal application", is designed to interact directly with hardware. Bare machines are widely used in embedded systems, particularly in cases where resources are limited or high performance is required.
Octobre (album)
Octobre is a studio album released in 2015 by Québécois néo-trad band Les Cowboys Fringants.  It reached number 1 in Quebec music charts during the week of October 23–29, 2015, and peaked at number 107 on the charts in France.

Les Cowboys Fringants
Les Cowboys Fringants (French pronunciation: [le kawbɔj fʁɛ̃ɡɑ̃]) are a Québécois folk rock band formed in 1995 in Repentigny, Quebec. The French word fringant can be translated as "dashing", or "frisky".

They perform Quebecker néo-trad music (modernized Quebec folk music with a rock flavour) and draw on country music. They have an international underground following, especially in France, French-speaking Belgium and Switzerland. Band members hail from the Montreal suburbs of Repentigny and L'Assomption. The entire band collaborates on the lyrics, although guitarist Jean-François Pauzé often contributes more than the others. The band are known for their live performances, captured on the Attache ta tuque! live album and the Centre Bell 30 décembre 2003 DVD.

The band has won 17 Félix Awards, including five at the 2020 edition of the ceremony. The group are five-time Juno Award nominees, winning one in 2024 for Francophone Album of the Year.
Brighteye darter
The brighteye darter (Etheostoma lynceum) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States. The brighteye darter was first described by Oliver Perry Hay in 1885. He noted it is closely related to the banded darter (E. zonale). Until the 1970s, the brighteye darter was generally believed to be a genetic variation of the banded darter.

Gymnocephalus
Gymnocephalus is a genus of ray-finned fishes from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, pike-perches and darters. They are from the Western Palearctic area, although one species, Gymnocephalus cernua has been accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes region where it is regarded as an invasive species. They have the common name "ruffe" and resemble the true perches in the genus Perca, but are usually smaller and have a different pattern.
1868 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1868 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 8, 1868. Incumbent Republican John B. Page, per the "Mountain Rule", successfully ran for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont, defeating Democratic candidate John L. Edwards.

John B. Page
John Boardman Page (February 25, 1826 – October 24, 1885) was an American businessman and politician from Vermont.  He served as Vermont State Treasurer from 1860 to 1866 and was the 30th governor of Vermont from 1867 to 1869.
Guadalupe Ortega Pacheco
Guadalupe del Socorro Ortega Pacheco (born 29 April 1966) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRI. As of 2013 she served as Deputy of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Yucatán.

LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXII Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 62nd session of the Congress of Mexico, met from September 1, 2012, to August 31, 2015. It consisted of Senators and Deputies in their respective chambers. All members of both the lower and upper houses of the Congress were elected in the elections of July 2012.

Senators were elected for a six-year term during the 2012 elections, allowing them to serve in both the LXII and subsequent legislatures. Deputies, also elected in the 2012 elections, served exclusively during the LXII Legislature.

The composition of the LXII Legislature was as follows:
Gertrude Rwakatare
Gertrude Pangalile Rwakatare (31 December 1950 – 20 April 2020) was a Tanzanian CCM politician and Member of Parliament appointed in 2007 by Jakaya Kikwete, Tanzania's president. She was also the head of Mikocheni B Assemblies of God, a Tanzanian Pentecostal church connected to the Assemblies of God Tanzania.

National Assembly (Tanzania)
The National Assembly of Tanzania (Swahili: Bunge la Tanzania) and the President of the United Republic of Tanzania make up the Parliament of Tanzania. The current Speaker of the National Assembly is Mussa Zungu, who presides over a unicameral assembly of 403 members.
Miami (book)
Miami is a 1987 nonfiction book of social and political analysis by Joan Didion. The book is based on three extended essays Didion published in The New York Review of Books between May and July 1987.

Miami is an extended report on the generation of Cubans who landed in exile in Miami following the overthrow of dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 and the way in which that community has influenced both the city and the United States's foreign policy.

Granta writes, "Miami may be the sunniest place in America, but this is Didion's darkest book."

Granta
Granta is a literary magazine and publisher in the United Kingdom whose mission centres on its "belief in the power and urgency of the story, both in fiction and non-fiction, and the story's supreme ability to describe, illuminate and make real." In 2007, The Observer stated: "In its blend of memoirs and photojournalism, and in its championing of contemporary realist fiction, Granta has its face pressed firmly against the window, determined to witness the world."

Granta has published twenty-seven laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature published by Granta has regularly won such prizes as the Forward Prize, T. S. Eliot Prize, Pushcart Prize and more.
Sphingomonas aliaeris
Sphingomonas aliaeris is a rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, red-orange-pigmented species of bacteria, which has been isolated primarily from pork steak packed under CO2-enriched modified atmosphere. Its name derives from Latin alius (for “other”) and aer (for “air” or “atmosphere”). It was identified to be a potential food spoilage organism, which is non-pathogenic to humans.

Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
Modified atmosphere/modified humidity (MA/MH) packaging is a technology used to preserve the quality of fresh produce so that it can be sold to markets far away from where it is grown, extend the marketing period, and to help suppliers reduce food waste within the cold chain. Commercial examples of MA/MH include sea freight of Galia and cantaloupe melons from Central and South America to Europe (a 21-day journey) and North America (a 7-day journey); transport of white asparagus from fields in Peru to markets in Western Europe (a 20-day journey by land and sea); and trucking of cherries from orchards in Turkey to supermarkets in the UK (a 7-day journey).
Medullary cystic kidney disease
Medullary cystic kidney disease (MCKD) is an autosomal dominant kidney disorder characterized by tubulointerstitial sclerosis leading to end-stage renal disease. Because the presence of cysts is neither an early nor a typical diagnostic feature of the disease, and because at least four different gene mutations may give rise to the condition, the name autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) has been proposed, to be appended with the underlying genetic variant for a particular individual. Importantly, if cysts are found in the medullary collecting ducts they can result in a shrunken kidney, unlike that of polycystic kidney disease. There are two known forms of medullary cystic kidney disease, mucin-1 kidney disease 1 (MKD1) and mucin-2 kidney disease/uromodulin kidney disease (MKD2). A third form of the disease occurs due to mutations in the gene encoding renin (ADTKD-REN), and has formerly been known as familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2.

Renin
Renin (etymology and pronunciation), also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an aspartic protease protein and enzyme secreted by the kidneys that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)—also known as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis—that increases the volume of extracellular fluid (blood plasma, lymph, and interstitial fluid) and causes arterial vasoconstriction. Thus, it increases the body's mean arterial blood pressure.

Renin is not commonly referred to as a hormone, although it has a receptor, the (pro)renin receptor, also known as the renin receptor and prorenin receptor (see also below), as well as enzymatic activity with which it hydrolyzes angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
Mehmet Shpendi
Mehmet Shpendi, also known as Sokol Shpendi (c. 1851–1915), a nationalist figure and guerrilla fighter, was one of the leading commanders of the Albanian Revolt of 1910, 1911, 1912 against the Ottoman Empire and struggle for liberty against Kingdom of Montenegro in 1915.

Albanian revolt of 1912
The Albanian revolt of 1912 (Albanian: Kryengritja e vitit 1912, "Uprising of 1912") was the last revolt against the Ottoman Empire's rule in Albania and lasted from January until August 1912. The revolt ended when the Ottoman government agreed to fulfill the rebels' demands on 4 September 1912. Generally, Muslim Albanians fought against the Ottomans then governed by the Committee of Union and Progress.
H-object
In mathematics, specifically homotopical algebra, an H-object is a categorical generalization of an H-space, which can be defined in any category  with a product  and an initial object . These are useful constructions because they help export some of the ideas from algebraic topology and homotopy theory into other domains, such as in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry.

Product (category theory)
In category theory, the product of two (or more) objects in a category is a notion designed to capture the essence behind constructions in other areas of mathematics such as the Cartesian product of sets, the direct product of groups or rings, and the product of topological spaces. Essentially, the product of a family of objects is the "most general" object which admits a morphism to each of the given objects.