hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Christie Palmer Esten
James Christie Palmer Esten (November 7, 1805 – October 24, 1864) was a lawyer and judge in Upper Canada (now Ontario).

Esten was born on November 7, 1805, in St. George's, Bermuda. He was sent to England as a child and educated at Charterhouse School. He then studied law at Lincoln's Inn. After being called to the bar, he moved to Exeter and practised there briefly.

He came to Upper Canada in either 1836 or 1837 and settled in Toronto, where he opened a law office. He practised until 1849, when he was appointed to the bench.

He died on October 24, 1864, in Toronto.

Charterhouse School
Charterhouse is a private school providing boarding facilities for pupils aged 13–18 in Godalming, Surrey, England. Founded by Thomas Sutton in 1611 on the site of the old Carthusian monastery in Charterhouse Square, Smithfield, London, it educates over 1000 pupils, aged 13 to 18 years. Charterhouse is one of the original nine English public schools reported upon by the Clarendon Commission in 1864 leading to its regulation by the Public Schools Act 1868.

Charterhouse charges full boarders around £48,038.40 (with the exclusion of VAT) per annum (2025/2026), alongside charging day pupils around £37,418.40 (with the exclusion of VAT) per annum (2025/2026) . It educated the British Prime Minister Lord Liverpool and has numerous notable alumni.
Bonnier Point
Bonnier Point (64°28′S 63°57′W﻿ / ﻿64.467°S 63.950°W﻿ / -64.467; -63.950) is a headland forming the west extremity of Obitel Peninsula and marking the north side of the entrance to Hamburg Bay, on the northwest coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was first charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for J. Bonnier, assistant director of the Laboratory of Maritime Zoology at Wimereux, who installed a laboratory on the ship Français.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Rock Springs Park
Rock Springs Park is a defunct amusement park once located in Chester, West Virginia, Hancock County. The park officially began operation in 1897, and closed in 1970 after the death of its final owner, Robert Hand. After four years of disuse, the land was bought by the state of West Virginia for the rerouting of U.S. Route 30 and the construction of the Jennings Randolph Bridge over the Ohio River.

Hancock County, West Virginia
Hancock County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,095. Its county seat is New Cumberland and its largest city is Weirton. The county was created from Brooke County in 1848 and named for John Hancock, first signer of the Declaration of Independence. Located at the tip of the state's Northern Panhandle, Hancock County is the northernmost point in both West Virginia and, by some definitions, the Southern United States. Hancock County is part of the Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-WV-OH Combined Statistical Area.
Apsley Shire
Apsley Shire was a local government area in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia.

Apsley Shire was proclaimed on 7 March 1906, one of 134 shires created after the passing of the Local Government (Shires) Act 1905.

The shire offices were based in Walcha.

The Shire was amalgamated with the Municipality of Walcha to form Walcha Shire on 1 June 1955.

Walcha, New South Wales
Walcha (/ˈwɒlkə/) is a town at the south-eastern edge of the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia.

The town, which is the seat of Walcha Shire, is 425 kilometres (264 mi) by road from Sydney, at the intersection of the Oxley Highway and Thunderbolts Way. The Apsley River passes through the town to tumble over the Apsley Falls before joining the Macleay River further on. The river used to cause flooding in the town, but a levee bank has been constructed to alleviate the problem. At the 2021 census, Walcha had a population of 1369 people.

The Main North railway line runs 20.7 kilometres (12.9 mi) to the west, where there is a settlement called Walcha Road. Walcha Road railway station is served by the daily NSW TrainLink Xplorer service between Sydney and Armidale. The railway line bypassed Walcha because of the steep grades over the Great Dividing Range.
Chatellerault machine gun
Chatellerault machine gun refers to a machine gun designed by the Manufacture d'armes de Châtellerault, such as:

FM 24/29 light machine gun for infantry

Reibel machine gun in tanks

MAC 1934 aboard aircraft

Manufacture d'armes de Châtellerault
The Manufacture d'Armes de Châtellerault (French pronunciation: [manyfaktyʁ daʁm də ʃatɛlʁo], "Châtellerault Weapons Factory", abbr. MAC) was a French state-owned weapons manufacturer in the town of Châtellerault, Vienne. It was created by a royal decree of 14 July 1819 to manufacture swords, then (after 1850) firearms and cannons. Antoine Treuille de Beaulieu in 1840 began to develop the concept of rifled artillery at Châtellerault for the French Army. The Lebel Model 1886 rifle, the first military firearm to use smokeless powder ammunition and the primary French infantry weapon during World War I, was developed and produced here.
Leticia López Landero
Leticia López Landero (born 7 July 1962) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN).

In the 2012 general election she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent Veracruz's 16th district. She also served as municipal president of Córdoba, Veracruz, from 2018 to 2021.

2012 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico on Sunday, 1 July 2012. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic to serve a six-year term, replacing Felipe Calderón, 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 128 members of the Mexican Senate.

Several local ballots were held on the same day, including the election of a new Head of Government and new Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, gubernatorial elections in six states (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos, Tabasco and Yucatán) and municipal and local congressional elections several states.
Laura Turpijn
Laura Turpijn (Nijmegen, December 26, 1978 ) is a Dutch mountain biker. She is a multiple Dutch champion in this discipline and has represented the Netherlands several times in the European and World championships.

Mountain biking
Mountain biking (abbr. MTB) is a sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, usually using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain, such as air or coil-sprung shocks used as suspension, larger and wider wheels and tires, stronger frame materials, and mechanically or hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Mountain biking can generally be broken down into distinct categories: cross country, trail, all mountain, enduro, downhill and freeride.
Crewe and Shrewsbury Railway
The Crewe and Shrewsbury Railway was a railway company which was previously owned by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR), built to connect Crewe with the Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway which was jointly owned with GWR.

Authorised in 1853, planning difficulties accessing the GWR station at Shrewsbury delayed opening until 1858. Proving so successful for both companies to transport coal from the South Wales Valleys to industrial Northwest England, and finished goods in the opposite direction, it was doubled tracked by 1862.

Amalgamated into the London Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923, post nationalisation into British Railways, its services reduced as motor transport proved quicker more cost effective than its various branch lines. It now forms the northern section of Network Rail's Welsh Marches Line.

Cambrian Railways
The Cambrian Railways owned 230 miles (370 km) of track over a large area of mid Wales. The system was an amalgamation of a number of railways that were incorporated in 1864, 1865 and 1904. The Cambrian connected with two larger railways with connections to the northwest of England via the London and North Western Railway, and the Great Western Railway for connections between London and Wales. The Cambrian Railways amalgamated with the Great Western Railway on 1 January 1922 as a result of the Railways Act 1921. The name is continued today in the route known as the Cambrian Line.
Potsdam Pirschheide station
Potsdam Pirschheide station is a station on the Berlin outer ring. It was opened in 1958 as Potsdam Süd (south) station and was called Potsdam Hauptbahnhof (main station) from 1961 to 1993. In this period it was the most important station on the outer ring after Berlin Schönefeld Flughafen station.

Although the station is far from the centre of Potsdam on the Pirschheide (Pirsch heath) to the southwest of the town, in its heyday as the main station it had substantial passenger traffic and often reached its capacity limit. With the reunification, however, the station rapidly lost importance and was almost completely closed except for a single platform in the lower part of the station.

A renovation of the station was completed in April 2024. For the first time in 25 years, regional trains began stopping at the upper level of the Pirschheide station. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 6 station.

Berlin outer ring
The Berlin outer ring (BAR; German: Berliner Außenring) is a 125 km (78 mi) long double track electrified railway located in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany. Its route forms a ring around the former West Berlin, and includes parts of some older lines such as the Outer Freight Ring, Jüterbog–Nauen railway, and Michendorf–Großbeeren railway.

The BAR was originally built by the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) between 1950 and 1961 to bypass West Berlin for political, economic, and military reasons. It allowed East Germany to seal off West Berlin without disrupting its transport links, in preparation for the building of the Berlin Wall during the division of Germany, by encircling West Berlin through East Berlin and the suburbs in Bezirk Potsdam. The BAR was integrated into the Deutsche Bahn railway system in the 1990s after German reunification.

The term Outer ring is used to distinguish the line from the Ringbahn of inner Berlin.
Csaba Kuttor
Csaba Kuttor (born August 19, 1975 in Miskolc, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén) is a Hungarian triathlete. Kuttor competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics.  He took thirtieth place with a total time of 1:51:05.74.

Four years later, he qualified for the 2004 Summer Olympics. This time he could not compete in the race because of an illness.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics he took 47th place with a total time of 1:55:53.38.

Triathlon at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's
The men's triathlon was part of the Triathlon at the 2008 Summer Olympics programme. It was the event's third appearance, established in 2000. The competition was held on Tuesday, August 19, 2008 at the Triathlon Venue at the Ming Tomb Reservoir in Shisanling. Fifty-five triathletes from 31 nations competed.

The men's triathlon was won by Jan Frodeno of Germany with a time of 1:48:53.28. Simon Whitfield of Canada, who previously won this event in 2000, claimed the silver, while New Zealand's Bevan Docherty, silver medalist at the 2004 Athens, took the bronze. For the first time in Olympic history, two athletes had won more than a single medal in triathlon.
Sclayn
Sclayn (French pronunciation: [sklaɛ̃]; Walloon: Scleyin) is a town of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Andenne, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

It is located by the river Meuse.

Sclayn developed around the collegiate church dedicated to Saint Maurice. The church was founded by monks from Kornelimünster Abbey around 1072, and a college of canons was founded here by Emperor Henry IV in 1106. The Romanesque church is still preserved in the town, and contains a large crucifix from the 14th century, among other historical furnishings. The clergy house of the church is also medieval. The Scladina or Sclayn Cave is also located in Sclayn.

Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).
Taktalachuk
Taktalachuk (Russian: Такталачук; Bashkir: Таҡталасыҡ, Taqtalasıq) is a rural locality (a village) in Kuyanovsky Selsoviet, Krasnokamsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 25 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Krasnokamsky District
Krasnokamsky District (Russian: Краснока́мский райо́н; Bashkir: Краснокама районы, Krasnokama rayonı; Tatar: Кызыл Кама районы, Qızıl Qama rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders with the territory of the city of republic significance of Neftekamsk in the north, Yanaulsky District in the northeast, Kaltasinsky District in the east, Ilishevsky District in the south, the Republic of Tatarstan in the south and southwest, and with the Udmurt Republic in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 1,594.92 square kilometers (615.80 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Nikolo-Beryozovka. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 27,986, with the population of Nikolo-Beryozovka accounting for 21.8% of that number.
Fergani
Fergani is a surname of North African, particularly Algerian, origin. People with that surname include:

Ali Fergani (born 1952), Algerian footballer and manager

Mohamed Tahar Fergani (1928–2016), Algerian singer, violinist and composer

Salim Fergani (born 1953), Algerian oud player and singer

Ali Fergani
Ali Fergani (Arabic: علي فرقاني) (born 21 September 1952) is an Algerian football manager and former player who played in the midfield position as a playmaker. He was a regular member of the Algeria national team during his 13-year international career.
Dr. Who and the Daleks
Dr. Who and the Daleks is a 1965 British science fiction film directed by Gordon Flemyng and written by Milton Subotsky, and the first of two films based on the British science-fiction television series Doctor Who. It stars Peter Cushing as Dr. Who, Roberta Tovey as Susan, Jennie Linden as Barbara, and Roy Castle as Ian. It was followed by Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. (1966).

The story is based on the Doctor Who television serial The Daleks, produced by the BBC. Filmed in Technicolor, it is the first Doctor Who story to be made in colour and in a widescreen format. The film was not intended to form part of the ongoing story-lines of the television series. Elements from the programme are used, however, such as various characters, the Daleks and a police box time machine, albeit in re-imagined forms.

Terry Nation
Terence Joseph Nation (8 August 1930 – 9 March 1997) was a Welsh screenwriter and novelist. Especially known for his work in British television science fiction, he created the Daleks and Davros for Doctor Who, as well as the series Survivors and Blake's 7.

Nation first made his name as a comedy writer before becoming a prolific writer for drama, working on many of the most popular British series of the 1960s and 1970s, such as The Avengers, The Baron, The Champions, Department S, The Persuaders! and The Saint. When Nation was commissioned to write The Daleks (1963) for Doctor Who, the villainous eponymous creatures established the series' early popularity. He later devised the recurring character of Davros in Genesis of the Daleks (1975). His series Survivors and Blake's 7 have been described as "much-loved cult TV classics".
Lucien Lee Kinsolving
Lucien Lee Kinsolving (May 14, 1862 – December 18, 1929) was first bishop of the missionary diocese that eventually became the Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil. He was a graduate of the Virginia Theological Seminary.

Virginia Theological Seminary
Virginia Theological Seminary (VTS), formally the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia, is an Episcopal seminary in Alexandria, Virginia. It is the largest and second-oldest such accredited seminary in the United States.

Established in 1823, VTS is situated on an 80-acre (320,000 m2) suburban campus in Alexandria, and adjacent to the campus of Episcopal High School. The seminary's notable alumni have taken leadership roles in the American Episcopal Church, other Christian denominations in the United States, and overseas.

VTS is a member of the Washington Theological Consortium and since 1938 has been an accredited member institution of the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada (ATS).
Economy of Chad
The economy of Chad suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 80% of the population depends on subsistence agriculture, including livestock herding. Of Africa's Francophone countries, Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and other sources is directed mainly at improving agriculture, especially livestock production. Because of a lack of financing, the development of oil fields near Doba, originally due to finish in 2000, was delayed until 2003. It was finally developed and is now operated by ExxonMobil. until 2023 Regarding gross domestic product, Chad ranks 147th globally with $11.051 billion as of 2018.

Doba, Chad
Doba (Arabic: دوبا) is a city in Chad,  the capital of the region of Logone Oriental.

Exploitation of oil resources in the vicinity of Doba is expected to produce economic benefits.

The town is served by Doba Airport.
Ed Conley
Edward J. Conley (July 10, 1864 – October 16, 1894) was an American professional baseball player who pitched in Major League Baseball for the 1884 Providence Grays. He pitched in eight games and had a win–loss record of 4–4 with a 2.15 earned run average in 71 innings pitched.

Born in Sandwich, Massachusetts, Conley attended the College of the Holy Cross, where he was known as a skilled baseball player. In 1884, he was playing for a semi-pro team in Woonsocket, Rhode Island when he was signed by the Grays to fill in for suspended Baseball Hall of Famer Charles "Old Hoss" Radbourn. After winning the 1884 championship with the Grays, he played for the minor league Bridgeport Giants in 1885, and for the Haverhill team of the New England League in 1886. He died at the age of 30 of Phthisis pulmonalis (tuberculosis) in Cumberland, Rhode Island. He is interred at Mount Calvary Cemetery in Cumberland.

1884 World Series
In baseball, the 1884 World Series was a post-season championship series between the Providence Grays of the National League and the New York Metropolitans of the American Association at the Polo Grounds in New York City.

While the 1884 post-season championship series was the first such to be referred to as the "World's Championship Series," or the "World's Series," Major League Baseball considers the 1903 World Series the first. Nonetheless, the 1884 series was baseball's first inter-league championship contest.
Abudefduf nigrimargo
Abudefduf nigrimargo, known as the black margined-scale sergeant, is a species of damselfish in the family Pomacentridae. It is native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean, where it is known only from Taiwan. The species is known to occur above shallow rocky reefs, where it forms feeding aggregations. The habitat in which Abudefduf nigrimargo can be found is also known to be inhabited by the related species Abudefduf vaigiensis and Abudefduf caudobimaculatus (previously recognized as synonymous with A. vaigiensis). The species reaches 12 cm (4.7 inches) in standard length.

Abudefduf nigrimargo was first described in 2018 by Kunto Wibowo of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Keita Koeda of the University of the Ryukyus, Nozomu Muto of Tokai University, and Hiroyuki Motomura of the Kagoshima University Museum on the basis of specimens collected from southern Taiwan in the vicinity of Kenting National Park.

Kenting National Park
Kenting National Park (Chinese: 墾丁國家公園; pinyin: Kěndīng Gúojiā Gōngyuán), commonly known as Kenting (Chinese: 墾丁; pinyin: Kěndīng), is a national park located on the Hengchun Peninsula of Pingtung County, Taiwan, covering Hengchun, Checheng, and Manzhou Townships. Established on 1 January 1984, it is Taiwan's oldest and the southernmost national park on the main island, covering the southernmost area of the Taiwan island along Bashi Channel. Administered by the National Park Service of the Ministry of the Interior, this national park is well known for its tropical climate and sunshine, scenic mountain and beach, the Spring Scream rock-band festival held in every March, and has long been one of the most popular tourist destinations in Taiwan with 5.84 million visitors in 2016.
Pierre Toussaint
Pierre Toussaint (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ tusɛ̃]; June 27, 1766 – June 30, 1853) was a slave Haitian-American hairdresser and philanthropist, brought to New York City by his masters in 1787. He was declared Venerable by Pope John Paul II in 1996.

Freed in 1807 after the death of his mistress, Pierre took the surname of "Toussaint" in honor of Toussaint Louverture, a leader of the Haitian Revolution. Toussaint also became a successful barber and used his wealth for various philanthropic causes. He also helped finance the construction of St. Patrick's Old Cathedral.

Credited as the de facto founder of Catholic Charities of New York, Toussaint is the first and only layman to be buried in the crypt below the main altar of the current St. Patrick's Cathedral on Fifth Avenue, generally reserved for bishops of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York.

Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of New York
Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of New York is one of the largest charitable organizations in the New York metropolitan area. It is a federation made up of 90 social service agencies throughout the 10 counties of the Archdiocese of New York - Bronx, Dutchess, New York, Orange, Putnam, Richmond, Rockland, Sullivan, Ulster and Westchester. It is part of a nationwide network of local human service organizations that form Catholic Charities USA—the fourth-largest social service provider in the United States, according to Forbes, and the 10th largest fundraising organization in the United States, according to The Chronicle of Philanthropy.
Middridge Quarry
Middridge Quarry  is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in County Durham, England. It is a disused quarry, situated alongside the railway line between Newton Aycliffe and Shildon, 1 km south of the village of Middridge.

The quarry was excavated in Magnesian Limestone, the lowest level of which is an exceptionally fossiliferous marl slate which has yielded the richest and most varied Permian flora in the Britain and is the type locality for the pteridosperm Pseudoctensis middridgensis. Fossils obtained from the quarry have included several species of fish and reptiles, numerous invertebrates and plants, and the site is considered to be of international palaeontological importance.

Shildon
Shildon is a town and civil parish in County Durham, in England. The population taken at the 2011 Census was 9,976. The town has the Locomotion Museum, due to it having the first station, built in 1825, and locomotive works on the Stockton and Darlington Railway.