hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert B. Vance
Robert Brank Vance (April 24, 1828 – November 28, 1899), nephew of the earlier Congressman Robert Brank Vance (1793–1827) and brother of Zebulon B. Vance, was a North Carolina Democratic politician who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for six terms (1873–1885). He was chairman of the United States House Committee on Patents. During the American Civil War, Vance served in the Confederate States Army, where he reached the rank of brigadier general.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Richard L. Schmalensee
Richard Lee "Dick" Schmalensee (born 1944) is the Howard W. Johnson Professor of Management, emeritus at the MIT Sloan School of Management.  He is also Professor of Economics, emeritus, at the Department of Economics at MIT. He served as the John C Head III Dean of the MIT Sloan School of Management from 1998 through 2007. He was a member of the President's Council of Economic Advisers from 1989 through 1991 and served 12 years as Director of the MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research.

Schmalensee received his S.B. and Ph.D. in Economics from MIT.

MIT Sloan School of Management
The MIT Sloan School of Management (branded as MIT Sloan) is the business school of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

MIT Sloan offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs, as well as executive education. Many influential ideas in management and finance originated at the school, including the Black–Scholes model, the random walk hypothesis, the binomial options pricing model, and the field of system dynamics. The faculty has included numerous Nobel laureates in economics and John Bates Clark Medal winners.
Aqyeget
Aqyeget (Tatar: Акъегет, romanized: Aqyeget) is a rural locality (a selo) in Yäşel Üzän District, Tatarstan. The population was 334 as of 2010.
Aqyeget is located 48 km from Yäşel Üzän, district's administrative centre, and 93 km from Qazan, republic's capital, by road.
The village was established in 17th century.
There are 19 streets in the village.

Zelenodolsk, Republic of Tatarstan
Zelenodolsk (Russian: Зеленодо́льск; Tatar: Яшел Үзән; Mari: Парат) is a town in Tatarstan, Russia, located in the northwest of the republic on the left bank of the Volga River, 38 kilometers (24 mi) from Kazan. Population:  97,674 (2010 census); 100,139 (2002 census); 94,079 (1989 Soviet census).
Roberta Rogow
Roberta Rogow (born March 7, 1942; /ˈroʊ.ɡoʊ/ ROH-goh) is an American writer of speculative fiction and fan fiction and a filk singer-songwriter. She graduated with a BA from Queens CUNY in 1962 and Columbia University with an MLS in 1971.

Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre of fiction that encompasses all the subgenres that depart from realism, or strictly imitating everyday reality, instead presenting fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative realms or beings.

This catch-all genre includes, but is not limited to: fantasy, science fiction, science fantasy, superhero, paranormal and supernatural horror, alternate history, magical realism, slipstream, weird fiction, utopia and dystopia, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. In other words, the genre presents individuals, events, or places beyond the ordinary real world.

The term speculative fiction has been used for works of literature, film, television, drama, video games, radio, and hybrid media.
Trance (soundtrack)
Trance (Original Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2013 film Trance directed by Danny Boyle. Featuring music composed by British electronic music duo Underworld frontman Rick Smith, the soundtrack consisted of electronic, jazz, pop and rock music from Smith, along with contributions from Art and Dotty Todd, Emeli Sandé, Kirsty McGee, Moby, M People and Rosario Dawson, one of the film's lead actors. The soundtrack was released first in the United Kingdom on 25 March 2013, and in the United States on 2 April. Republic Records distributed the album.

Rick Smith (musician)
Richard Smith (born 25 May 1959) is a Welsh musician and composer. He is a founding member of British electronic music group Underworld and an acclaimed composer, having collaborated extensively with director Danny Boyle, most notably as the musical director for the London 2012 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony, alongside Underworld's Karl Hyde. He is also a founding member of the multi-discipline design and film collective Tomato.
Oesterle
Oesterle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Oesterle (1965–2023), American venture capitalist

Heather Oesterle (born 1979), American basketball player and coach

Joseph Oesterlé (born 1954), French mathematician

Jordan Oesterle (born 1992), American ice hockey player

Jutta Oesterle-Schwerin (born 1941), German politician

Michael Oesterle (born 1968), German-born Canadian composer

Nathalie Colin-Oesterlé (born 1965), French lawyer and politician

Jutta Oesterle-Schwerin
Jutta Oesterle-Schwerin (born 25 February 1941) is a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party and later in life of Alliance '90/The Greens. She is the sister of Israeli historian Tom Segev.
Kraken (cryptocurrency exchange)
Kraken (legally named Payward, Inc.) is a US-based cryptocurrency exchange founded in 2011. Beyond cryptocurrencies, in most US states the exchange facilitates the trading of stocks, futures, and ETFs. Kraken was the first cryptocurrency company to obtain a bank charter. In 2025 it began allowing the trading of tokenized equities by non-US customers. In 2025 it had $207 billion in quarterly trading volume, and was ranked the world's fourteenth-largest crypto exchange.

Margin (finance)
In finance, margin is the collateral that a holder of a financial instrument has to deposit with a counterparty (most often a broker or an exchange) to cover some or all of the credit risk the holder poses for the counterparty. This risk can arise if the holder has done any of the following:

Borrowed cash from the counterparty to buy financial instruments,

Borrowed financial instruments to sell them short,

Entered into a derivative contract.

The collateral for a margin account can be the cash deposited in the account or securities provided, and represents the funds available to the account holder for further share trading. On United States futures exchanges, margins were formerly called performance bonds. Most of the exchanges today use SPAN ("Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk") methodology, which was developed by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1988, for calculating margins for options and futures.
Prague 9
Prague 9 (Czech: Praha 9) is a municipal and administrative district of Prague, Czech Republic. Prague 9 administrative districts takes care mainly of districts of Vysočany, Prosek, Hrdlořezy, and partly of Hloubětín, Libeň, Střížkov a Malešice.

The O2 Arena is located in Prague 9 between Libeň and Vysočany.

O2 Arena (Prague)
O2 Arena (stylised as O2 arena) is a multi-purpose arena, in Prague, Czech Republic.

It is home to HC Sparta Prague of the Czech Extraliga and is the third-largest ice hockey arena in Europe. It has hosted important sport events such as three Ice Hockey World Championships (2004, 2015 and 2024), the first edition of the prestigious tennis Laver Cup, the European Athletics Indoor Championships, the Euroleague Final Four 2006, the World Floorball Championship, the 2012 Davis Cup finals, four Fed Cup finals, as well as a handful of NHL and KHL games, including a 2014 Gagarin Cup final.

It also hosts stage shows, such as concerts, and other large-scale events. The highest arena capacity reached was 20,208 people.
Charles Stetson
Charles Stetson (November 2, 1801 – March 27, 1883) was a United States representative from Maine, and the eldest member of a powerful Bangor political family.  He was born in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, on November 2, 1801, but moved with his parents to Hampden, Maine, in 1802. His father Simeon Stetson (b. Braintree, Massachusetts) kept a store and a sawmill, and built vessels for the West India Trade.  His uncle Amasa Stetson was proprietor of the nearby town of Stetson, Maine, where Simeon had briefly settled before moving to Hampden.

Stetson was 13 years old when a British invasion force sacked the town of Hampden and terrorized its inhabitants following the Battle of Hampden (1814). He subsequently attended Hampden Academy and graduated from Yale College in 1823.  He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Hampden in 1826.

Battle of Hampden
The Battle of Hampden was an action in the British campaign to conquer present-day Maine and remake it into the colony of New Ireland during the War of 1812. Sir John Sherbrooke led a British force from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to establish New Ireland, which lasted until the end of the war, eight months later. Revenues from the short-lived colony funded a military library in Halifax and the Dalhousie College.

The subsequent retirement of the British expeditionary force from its base in Castine to Nova Scotia ensured that eastern Maine would remain a part of the United States. Lingering local feelings of vulnerability, however, would help fuel the post-war movement for statehood for what was then a part of Massachusetts, formally the District of Maine. The withdrawal of the British after the ratification of the Treaty of Ghent represented the end of two centuries of violent contest over Maine by rival nations (initially the French and British, and then the British and Americans).
China Railway CRH2
The CRH2 Hexie (simplified Chinese: 和谐号; traditional Chinese: 和諧號; pinyin: Héxié Hào; lit. 'Harmony') is one of the high-speed train models in China. The CRH2 is based on the E2-1000 Series Shinkansen design from Japan with the license purchased from a consortium formed of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric, and Hitachi, and represents the second Shinkansen train model to be exported.

In 2004, the Ministry of Railway in China purchased an initial 60 sets of the train from Kawasaki Heavy Industries with a maximum speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). However, the newer versions of the CRH2 are not related to the E2-1000 Series despite having the same exterior shell.

Mitsubishi Electric
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (三菱電機株式会社, Mitsubishi Denki kabushikigaisha; formerly branded as メルコ, MELCO) is a Japanese multinational electronics (appliances & consumer electronics) and electrical equipment manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company was established in 1921 as a spin-off from the electrical machinery manufacturing division of Mitsubishi Shipbuilding (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) at the Kobe Shipyard.

A member of the Mitsubishi Group, Mitsubishi Electric produces elevators and escalators, high-end home appliances, air conditioning, factory automation systems, train systems, electric motors, pumps, semiconductors, digital signage, and satellites.
WNJB-FM
WNJB-FM (89.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Bridgeton, New Jersey. The station is owned by The Bridge of Hope, Inc., and simulcasts the Christian adult contemporary programming of WKNZ in Harrington, Delaware.

Bridgeton, New Jersey
Bridgeton is a city in Cumberland County, within the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is the county seat of Cumberland County and is located on the Cohansey River near Delaware Bay in the South Jersey region of the state.

As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 27,263, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 1,914 (+7.6%) from the 25,349 recorded at the 2010 census, which in turn reflected an increase of 2,578 (+11.3%) from the 22,771 counted in the 2000 census. Bridgeton and Vineland are the two principal cities of the Vineland-Bridgeton metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses those cities and all of Cumberland County for statistical purposes and which constitutes a part of the Delaware Valley (i.e. the Philadelphia metro area).

As of 2020, Bridgeton had the 13th-highest property tax rate in New Jersey with an equalized rate of 4.598% compared to 3.089% in the county as a whole and a statewide average of 2.279%.
East Karelia
East Karelia (Finnish: Itä-Karjala, Karelian: Idä-Karjala), also rendered as Eastern Karelia or Russian Karelia (Finnish: Venäjän Karjala), is a name for the part of Karelia that is beyond the eastern border of Finland and since the Treaty of Stolbovo in 1617 has remained Eastern Orthodox and a part of Russia. It is separate from the western part of Karelia, called Finnish Karelia or historically Swedish Karelia (before 1808). Most of East Karelia has become part of the Republic of Karelia within the Russian Federation. It consists mainly of the old historical regions of Viena Karjala (English: White Karelia) and Aunus Karjala (English: Olonets Karelia).

Treaty of Stolbovo
The Treaty of Stolbovo  (Russian: Столбовский мир; Swedish: Freden i Stolbova) was a peace treaty that ended the Ingrian War (Ingermanländska kriget), which had been fought between the Swedish Empire and the Russian Tsardom between 1610 and 1617.
Kuusisto Castle
Kuusisto Castle (Finnish: Kuusiston piispanlinna, Swedish: Kustö biskopsborg) was a medieval episcopal castle on the island of Kuusisto in Kaarina, Finland, near Turku. The castle was probably built in the early 14th century, although the site seems to have been a bishop's residence by the 1290s.

The castle was ordered to be demolished during the Protestant Reformation in 1528 by the king Gustav I of Sweden. Excavation and reconstruction work on the remaining ruins began in 1891.

Structures of Kuusisto Castle during the excavation in 1894

Kuusisto Castle ruins today

A room in ruins

View over the inner yard

Illustration in Finland framstäldt i teckningar edited by Zacharias Topelius and published 1845-1852.

Zachris Topelius
Zacharias Topelius (Finland Swedish pronunciation: [sɑˈkɑːriɑs toˈpeːliʉs]; 14 January 1818 – 12 March 1898) was a Finnish author, poet, journalist, historian, and rector of the University of Helsinki who wrote novels related to Finnish history. He wrote his works exclusively in Swedish, although they were translated early on into Finnish. In Finland Topelius emerged as one of the foremost heirs to Sir Walter Scott’s legacy of exploring the nation through the historical novel.
Father Pandosy
Jean-Charles-Jean-Baptiste-Félix Pandosy (22 November 1824 – c. 6 February 1891), commonly known as Father Pandosy, was a French Catholic priest who was the first settler in the Kelowna area in British Columbia. He set up a church and a school and attracted many settlers to the area. He founded the Okanagan Mission which was the first permanent white settlement in the British Columbia Interior aside from the forts for the Hudson's Bay Company and the gold rush boomtowns of the Fraser Canyon.

Esquimalt
The Township of Esquimalt (/ɪˈskwaɪmɔːlt/) is a municipality at the southern tip of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada.  It is bordered to the east by the provincial capital, Victoria, to the south by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, to the west by Esquimalt Harbour and Royal Roads, to the northwest by the New Songhees 1A Indian reserve and the town of View Royal, and to the north by a narrow inlet of water called the Gorge, across which is the district municipality of Saanich. It is almost tangential to Esquimalt 1 Indian Reserve near Admirals Road. It is one of the 13 municipalities of Greater Victoria and part of the Capital Regional District.

Esquimalt had a population of 17,533 in 2021. It covers 7.08 km2 (2.73 sq mi). It is home to the Pacific fleet of the Royal Canadian Navy.
Blanck Mass
Blanck Mass is the electronic solo project of British composer and producer Benjamin John Power (born 10 September 1982). Best known for dense, textural electronic compositions that draw on drone, industrial, noise and metal music, Blanck Mass emerged as Power's primary solo vehicle while he was also half of the duo Fuck Buttons. Since the project's debut in 2011, Blanck Mass has released studio albums, EPs and film/TV scores, and has produced remixes and collaborations for a wide range of artists. In 2022, Power joined the band Editors as a full-time member while continuing his solo work as Blanck Mass. He made one album with the band, EBM, before leaving the band in 2025.

Calm with Horses
Calm with Horses (a.k.a. The Shadow of Violence, as released in the USA) is a 2019 Irish crime drama film directed by Nick Rowland in his feature debut, and written by Joe Murtagh. It concerns an ex-boxer who works as an enforcer for a criminal family in rural Ireland while providing for his autistic son. The film stars Cosmo Jarvis, Barry Keoghan, Niamh Algar, Ned Dennehy, Kiljan Moroney and David Wilmot. It is adapted from the short story of the same name from the collection Young Skins by Colin Barrett.

It had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on 8 September 2019. It was released in Ireland on 13 March 2020 by Altitude Film Distribution.
Pinky Pinkerton
Percival "Pinky" Pinkerton is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character's first appearance was in Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos #8 (July 1964), in which he replaced Jonathan Junior Juniper who was killed in issue #4. He was created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby.

Pinky Pinkerton was portrayed by Richard Short, in the TV series Agent Carter which is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

Playboy lifestyle
A playboy lifestyle is the lifestyle of a wealthy man with ample time for leisure, who enjoys the luxuries and physical pleasures of the world, especially including the sexual company of women. Near-synonymous terms include a bon vivant or man about town. The term "playboy" was popular in the early to mid-20th century and is sometimes used to describe a conspicuous womanizer.
Mai Xiong
Mai Hlee Xiong (born December 19, 1984) is a Hmong American businesswoman and politician serving as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives since 2024, representing the 13th district. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served as a member of the Macomb County Board of Commissioners from 2021 to 2024. She is the first Hmong American to serve in the Michigan Legislature.

Michigan Legislature
The Michigan Legislature is the legislature of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is organized as a bicameral body composed of the Senate (the upper chamber) and the House of Representatives (the lower chamber). Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The chief purposes of the Legislature are to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws. The Legislature meets in the Capitol building in Lansing.

The 103rd Michigan Legislature was sworn in on January 11, 2025.
Heidelberg Journal of International Law
The Heidelberg Journal of International Law (German: Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht) is an academic journal in public international law, comparative law and European law. It was established in 1929 and is published by C.H. Beck on behalf of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law. It is regarded as one of the world's leading journals in public international law. Originally published in German, it currently publishes articles in both English and German.

Comparative law
Comparative law is the study of differences and similarities between the law and legal systems of different countries. More specifically, it involves the study of the different legal systems (or "families") in existence around the world, including common law, civil law, socialist law, Canon law, Jewish Law, Islamic law, Hindu law, and Chinese law. It includes the description and analysis of foreign legal systems, even where no explicit comparison is undertaken. The importance of comparative law has increased enormously in the present age of internationalism and economic globalization.
Lamb Holm
Lamb Holm is a small uninhabited island in Orkney, Scotland, now connected to its neighbours by two of the Churchill Barriers. During the early 1940s it was the site of 'Camp 60', housing 550 Italian Prisoners of War who helped construct the causeways. Another legacy of their time on the island is the Italian Chapel, now the island's main attraction. A grass airfield occupies much of the island interior.

Lamb Holm is classified by the National Records of Scotland as an uninhabited island that "had no usual residents at the time of either the 2001 or 2011 censuses."

National Records of Scotland
National Records of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Clàran Nàiseanta na h-Alba) is a non-ministerial department of the Scottish Government. It is responsible for civil registration, the census in Scotland, demography and statistics, family history, as well as the national archives and historical records.

National Records of Scotland was formed from the merger of the General Register Office for Scotland and the National Archives of Scotland in 2011; it combines all the functions of the two former organisations. The offices of Registrar General for Scotland and Keeper of the Records of Scotland remain separate, but since 2011 both have been vested ex officio in the Chief Executive of National Records of Scotland, currently Paul Lowe.
Ascending chain condition on principal ideals
In abstract algebra, the ascending chain condition can be applied to the posets of principal left, principal right, or principal two-sided ideals of a ring, partially ordered by inclusion. The ascending chain condition on principal ideals (abbreviated to ACCP) is satisfied if there is no infinite strictly ascending chain of principal ideals of the given type (left/right/two-sided) in the ring, or said another way, every ascending chain is eventually constant.

The counterpart descending chain condition may also be applied to these posets, however there is currently no need for the terminology "DCCP" since such rings are already called left or right perfect rings.  (See § Noncommutative rings below.)

Noetherian rings (e.g. principal ideal domains) are typical examples, but some important non-Noetherian rings also satisfy (ACCP), notably unique factorization domains and left or right perfect rings.

Partially ordered set
In mathematics, especially order theory, a partial order on a set is an arrangement such that, for certain pairs of elements, one precedes the other. The word partial is used to indicate that not every pair of elements needs to be comparable; that is, there may be pairs for which neither element precedes the other. Partial orders thus generalize total orders, in which every pair is comparable.

Formally, a partial order is a homogeneous binary relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. A partially ordered set (poset for short) is an ordered pair  consisting of a set  (called the ground set of ) and a partial order  on . When the meaning is clear from context and there is no ambiguity about the partial order, the set  itself is sometimes called a poset.