hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rancho Los Tularcitos
Rancho Los Tularcitos was a 4,394-acre (17.78 km2) Spanish land concession in present day Santa Clara County, California given in 1821 to José Loreto Higuera by the last Spanish governor of Alta California, Pablo Vicente de Solá. The land grant was confirmed by Mexican Governor Juan Alvarado in 1839.  The name means "place of the little Tule thickets". The rancho, in what is today central and northern Milpitas, extended from the confluence of Calera and Penitencia Creeks in the northwest to a large live oak tree that marked its southeastern corner. South of Rancho Los Tularcitos was the land of the Pueblo of San José.

Schoenoplectus acutus
Schoenoplectus acutus (syn. Scirpus acutus, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Scirpus lacustris  subsp. acutus),  called tule /ˈtuːliː/, common tule, hardstem tule, tule rush, hardstem bulrush, or viscid bulrush, is a giant species of sedge in the plant family Cyperaceae, native to freshwater marshes all over North America. The common name derives from the Nāhuatl word tōllin [ˈtoːlːin], and it was first recognized by the early Spanish explorers and missionaries in New Spain who saw the marsh plants in the Central Valley of California as similar to those in the marshes around Mexico City being used to construct shelters by the indigenous inhabitants.
Kresttsy, Krestetsky District, Novgorod Oblast
Kresttsy (Russian: Кре́стцы) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Krestetsky District of Novgorod Oblast, Russia, situated on the M10 highway connecting Moscow and St. Petersburg, 86 kilometers (53 mi) east of Veliky Novgorod. Kresttsy is also located on the Kholova River. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krestetskoye Urban Settlement, the only urban settlement in the district. Population:  8,717 (2010 Census); 9,963 (2002 Census); 10,464 (1989 Soviet census).

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
Gentleman with a Briefcase
Gentleman with a Briefcase (Swedish: Herre med portfölj) is a 1943 Swedish drama film directed by Ragnar Arvedson and starring Georg Rydeberg, Irma Christenson and Anne-Margrethe Björlin. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Bertil Duroj.

Bertil Duroj
Bertil Duroj (1893–1967) was a Swedish art director. Active in the Swedish film industry he designed the sets for more than a hundred productions during his career. These included The Yellow Clinic (1942).
Groover (surname)
Groover is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Denmark Groover Jr. (1922–2001), American politician

Gino Groover (born 2002), American baseball player

Jan Groover (1943–2012), American photographer

John Groover Jr., musician with the band The Futuristiks

Wink Groover (1935–2010), American horse trainer

Notable places named after people with the surname include:

Groover-Stewart Drug Company Building in Florida

Hatcher-Groover-Schwartz House in Georgia

Mike & Keys
Mike & Keys (formerly known as The Futuristiks) are an American hip hop production and songwriting duo from Los Angeles, California that consists of Money Mike (born Michael Ray Cox, Jr.) and J-Keys (born John Groover).
Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis
Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis is an uncommon but distinctive acquired ichthyosiform dermatosis characterized by persistent dark, scaly, papules and plaques that tend to be localized predominantly on the central trunk.

Papule
A papule is a small, well-defined bump in the skin. It may have a rounded, pointed or flat top, and may have a dip. It can appear with a stalk, be thread-like or look warty. It can be soft or firm and its surface may be rough or smooth. Some have crusts or scales. A papule can be flesh colored, yellow, white, brown, red, blue or purplish. There may be just one or many, and they may occur irregularly in different parts of the body or appear in clusters. It does not contain fluid but may progress to a pustule or vesicle. A papule is smaller than a nodule; it can be as tiny as a pinhead and is typically less than 1 cm in width, according to some sources, and 0.5 cm according to others. When merged together, it appears as a plaque.

A papule's colour might indicate its cause, such as white in milia, red in eczema, yellowish in xanthoma and black in melanoma. They may open when scratched and become infected and crusty.
1907 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1907.

Animal track
An animal track is an imprint left behind in soil, snow, or mud, or on some other ground surface, by an animal walking across it. Animal tracks are used by hunters in tracking their prey and by naturalists to identify animals living in a given area.
Tell Zeitoun
Tell Zeitoun also called Tell Dnaibe, is an archaeological site 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southwest of Rashaya in Lebanon at an altitude of 900 metres (3,000 ft).

It is situated in the valley of the Upper Hasbani (Wadi el-Fatir) on the right bank, north-east of the village of Dnaibe, east of the road. It was first recorded by A. Kuschke in 1954 followed by Lorraine Copeland and J. King in 1966 and lastly by Jacques Besançon and Francis Hours in 1968. Besançon recovered a fragment from an arrowhead a pick or hammer and a serrated sickle blade. These gave a very slight dating, suggesting Ubaid occupation equivalent to early Neolithic Byblos.

Lorraine Copeland
Lorraine Copeland (born Elizabeth Lorraine Adie, 1921–April 2013) was a British archaeologist specialising in the Palaeolithic period of the Near East. She was a secret agent with the Special Operations Executive during World War II.
The Grand Walk, Vauxhall Gardens
The Grand Walk, Vauxhall Gardens is a landscape painting by the Italian artist Canaletto. He had made his name painting scenes of his native Venice, but moved to England for nine years from 1746 and painted many noted views of mid-eighteenth-century Great Britain. Vauxhall Gardens was a fashionable pleasure gardens, located to the south of the Thames in London. A tree-lined walk ran some distance towards a statue of Aurora at the eastern perimeter of the gardens.

Canaletto uses an exaggerated perspective. It is now in the Compton Verney Art Gallery in Warwickshire.

Statue
A statue is a free-standing sculpture in which the realistic, full-length figures of persons or animals are carved or cast in a durable material such as wood, metal or stone. Typical statues are life-sized or close to life-size. A sculpture that represents persons or animals in full figure, but that is small enough to lift and carry is a statuette or figurine, whilst those that are more than twice life-size are regarded as colossal statues.

Statues have been produced in many cultures from prehistory to the present; the oldest-known statue dating to about 30,000 years ago. Statues represent many different people and animals, real and mythical. Many statues are placed in public places as public art. The world's tallest statue, Statue of Unity, is 182 metres (597 ft) tall and is located near the Narmada dam in Gujarat, India.
Terrorist incidents in Iraq in 2008
This article details major terrorist incidents in Iraq in 2008. In 2008, there were 257 suicide bombings in Iraq. On February 1, a pair of bombs detonated at a market in Baghdad, killing 99 people and injuring 200. Two other particularly deadly attacks occurred on March 6 (53 deaths), and June 17 (63 deaths).

Sons of Iraq
The Sons of Iraq (Arabic: أبناء العراق Abnāʼ al-ʻIrāq), also known as al-Sahwah (Arabic: الصحوة, lit. 'the awakening'),  were a coalition in the Al Anbar governorate in Iraq between Sunni tribal leaders as well as former Saddam-era Iraqi military officers that united in 2005 to maintain stability in their communities. A moderate group, they were initially sponsored by the US military.

After arriving into power, Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki relied on sectarian policies to consolidate his power. Maliki denounced the Sons of Iraq as a national threat, actively dismantling them and refusing to integrate them into Iraqi security services. Sunnis formerly serving with the group were faced with options including becoming unemployed or joining the Islamic State. This turn of events is considered a key factor that contributed to the failure of Iraq to stabilize, ultimately leading to the War in Iraq (2013-17).
Thomas Edwards (Australian politician)
Thomas Tonkin Edwards (5 December 1875 – 27 September 1951) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly multi-member seat of Barossa from 1930 to 1933. He was elected as a member of the Labor Party, but was expelled from the party in the 1931 Labor split and sat with the splinter Parliamentary Labor Party for the remainder of his term.

He was a hotelkeeper at Tanunda prior to his election to parliament. He was defeated at the 1933 election, and unsuccessfully attempted to regain his seat later that year in a July by-election for his old seat.

1933 South Australian state election
The 1933 South Australian state election was held on 8 April 1933 to elect all 46 members of the South Australian House of Assembly. The incumbent Parliamentary Labor Party government, led by Premier Robert Richards, was defeated by the opposition Liberal and Country League, led by Leader of the Opposition Richard L. Butler. Each district elected multiple members.
Nelstone's Hawaiians
Nelstone's Hawaiians was an American folk duo from southern Alabama consisting of steel guitarist Hubert Nelson and guitarist James D. Touchstone, who were also the vocalists. Nelstone's arose from the combination of the surnames of both members.

They recorded for the Victor record company towards the end of the 1920s on 10-inch or 78 RPM records. Their sound corresponded to the Hawaiian style of steel-guitar, very popular at the time, after Hawaii was annexed by the United States in the late 19th century.

They are best known for songs including "Fatal Flower Garden" (which was included on Harry Everett Smith's Anthology of American Folk Music),  "Just Because", and "You'll Never Find a Daddy Like Me".

In 1948, the duo sued Leeds Music and Columbia Records for unauthorized use of their song Just Because.

Anthology of American Folk Music
Anthology of American Folk Music is a three-volume compilation album released in August 1952 by Folkways Records. It was compiled by American polymath Harry Smith from his own collection of 78 rpm records. It consists of eighty-four recordings of American folk, blues and country music made and issued from 1926 to 1933 by a variety of performers, divided into three categories: "ballads", "social music", and "songs".

The anthology sold relatively poorly, with no notable early coverage besides a minor mention in Sing Out! in 1958. However, it eventually became regarded as a landmark and influential release, particularly for the 1950s and 1960s American folk music revival. In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked it at number 276 on their list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. In 2005, it was inducted into the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress.
Barra Island Lifeboat Station
Barra Island Lifeboat Station is located at Castlebay, a village at the southern end of the Isle of Barra, part of the Outer Hebrides, an archipelago sitting off the north-west coast of Scotland.

A lifeboat was first placed at Barra Island by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in September 1931.

The station currently operates a Severn-class All-weather lifeboat, 17-12 Edna Windsor (ON 1230), on station since 1998.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Creil–Jeumont railway
The railway from Creil to Jeumont is an important French 187-kilometre long railway line, that connects Creil, a northern suburb of Paris, to Jeumont on the Belgian border. It was opened in several stages between 1847 and 1855. The opening of the LGV Nord high speed line from Paris to Lille in 1993 has decreased its importance for passenger traffic.

Compiègne
Compiègne (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃pjɛɲ] ⓘ; Picard: Compiène) is a commune in the Oise department of northern France. It is located on the river Oise,  and its inhabitants are called Compiégnois ([kɔ̃pjeɲwa]).
Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's discus throw F53–54
The men's discus F53/54 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Stadium on 14 September. There was a single round of competition; after the first three throws, only the top eight had 3 further throws.
The competition was won by Fan Liang, representing  China.

WR = World Record. PR = Paralympic Record. SB = Seasonal Best.

Fan Liang
Fan Liang is a Paralympian athlete from China competing mainly in category F54 discus events.

Fan has won the discus in two Paralympics, he won the F54 class in 2004 and the combined F53/54 class in 2008
Singapore at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Singapore sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, represented by six athletes competing in four sports: swimming, sailing, equestrian and athletics. The country's flagbearer at the Games' opening ceremony was supposed to be Desiree Lim, a sailor. However, as the sailing events were held in Qingdao, it was Theresa Goh (swimming) who was the flagbearer on that day. The 2008 Summer Paralympics marked the first time Singapore had won a Paralympic medal of any kind.

Yip Pin Xiu won two medals for swimming; gold in the women's 50 meter backstroke S3 and silver in the women's 50 meter freestyle S3. Laurentia Tan won two bronze medals in equestrian. Due to the efforts by the medal winners, Yip was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal and Tan awarded the Public Service Medal.

Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
The Meritorious Service Medal (MSM) is a military award presented to members of the United States Armed Forces who distinguish themselves with outstanding meritorious achievement or service to the United States.

Introduced in 1969, the MSM was long awarded as a decoration for peacetime achievement. Since 2004, it has also been bestowed in lieu of the Bronze Star Medal for meritorious achievement in a designated combat theater. Normally, the acts or services rendered must be comparable to that required for the Legion of Merit but in a duty of lesser, though considerable, responsibility.

A higher award and decoration, the Defense Meritorious Service Medal (DMSM), is intended for similar services performed under joint duty within the United States Department of Defense, including the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, and joint task forces under their cognizance.
Marko Mihkelson
Marko Mihkelson (born 30 November 1969) is an Estonian journalist and politician representing the liberal Estonian Reform Party (member of the European Parliament's liberal political group Renew Europe) in the Parliament of Estonia. Mihkelson was born in the Estonian city of Valga and was first elected to the parliament in 2003 as a member of the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union. He has served in parliament since 2003, holding several senior positions, including chairing the Foreign Affairs Committee, the EU Affairs Committee, and the National Defense Committee. On 26 June 2017, he and the former party leader, Margus Tsahkna, publicly announced their departure from the party. Mihkelson continued to serve as an independent politician until joining the Reform Party in September 2018.

Renew Europe
Renew Europe (or simply Renew) is a liberal, centrist to centre-right, pro-European political group of the European Parliament founded for the ninth European Parliament term. The group is the successor to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) group which existed during the sixth, seventh and eighth terms from 2004 to 2019, and under a variety of other names in earlier Parliaments.

The group announced the adoption of its new name on 12 June 2019, after forming an alliance with the French party La République En Marche!, which wanted to avoid the word liberal in the name. The group continues to be known as the Liberal Group outside France.
Clams oreganata
Clams oreganata or baked clams is an Italian-American seafood dish served most commonly as an appetizer. In the dish, clams (usually six or twelve) are topped with bread crumbs (usually moistened with olive oil or butter), oregano, garlic, and sometimes other ingredients, and baked. Lemon juice is often squeezed onto the clams immediately before eating. The name "oreganata" refers to the addition of oregano.

Clams oreganata is commonly eaten on Christmas Eve during the Feast of the Seven Fishes, a traditional Italian-American meal centered around various seafood dishes.

According to food writer Arthur Schwartz, clams oreganata are descended from the Neapolitan dish cozze al gratin/cozze arriganate. The dish is only sometimes made with clams, and is more often made with mussels, a much more common bivalve in the Campania region where clams are very small. It is served as an antipasto, and is less heavy than the Italian-American dish.

Hors d'oeuvre
An hors d'oeuvre (/ɔːr ˈdɜːrv(rə)/ or DURV(-rə); French: hors-d'œuvre [ɔʁ dœvʁ(ə)] ⓘ), appetiser, appetizer or starter is a small dish served before a meal in European cuisine. Some hors d'oeuvres are served cold, others hot. Hors d'oeuvres may be served at the dinner table as a part of the meal, or they may be served before seating, such as at a reception or cocktail party. Formerly, hors d'oeuvres were also served between courses.

Typically smaller than a main dish, an hors d'oeuvre is often designed to be eaten by hand. Hors d'oeuvre are typically served at parties as a small "snack" before a main course.
To soi sou
To soi sou is the title of a Greek comedy television series produced during 2014-2019 and 2025-2026,based on the American series Your Family or Mine, which in turn is based on the Israeli series Savri Maranan. In Greece, it was broadcast by the television station Alpha TV, while in Cyprus by Alpha TV Cyprus.

The series premiered on October 23, 2014, and was renewed for a second season in April 2015. The second season premiered on October 1, 2015, with the four episodes of the first being postponed, while the new episodes of the second season began airing on October 15. Due to its success in the ratings, the series was renewed for a third season in July 2016, and in May 2017 it was renewed for a fourth season. In May 2018, the series was renewed for a fifth season. In May 2019, it was announced that the series had not been renewed for a sixth season.

The final episode of the series aired on June 25, 2019, before getting rebooted with a 6th season on October 31st 2025.

Your Family or Mine
Your Family or Mine is an American sitcom series based on the Israeli series Savri Maranan (Hebrew: סברי מרנן). The series is centered on a young married couple, Oliver (Kyle Howard) and Kelli (Kat Foster), and alternates between their two families living in New York and Los Angeles. Your Family or Mine was announced by TBS in mid 2014 with a ten-episode order. It premiered on April 7, 2015. On October 23, 2015, TBS quietly cancelled the series after one season.
Gauthier Point
Gauthier Point (64°50′S 63°36′W﻿ / ﻿64.833°S 63.600°W﻿ / -64.833; -63.600) is a point which forms the northern extremity of Doumer Island in the Palmer Archipelago. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who named it for François Gauthier, builder of the expedition ships Français and Pourquoi-Pas.

Pourquoi-Pas (1908)
Pourquoi-Pas (from French pourquoi pas? 'why not?', pronounced [puʁ.kwa pa]) was the fourth ship built for Jean-Baptiste Charcot, which completed the second Charcot expedition of the Antarctic regions from 1908 to 1910. Charcot died aboard when the ship was wrecked on 16 September 1936 off the coast of Iceland. Of the forty men on board, only one survived.
1967 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
Ken Fletcher and John Newcombe were the defending champions, but decided not to compete together. Newcome partnered with Tony Roche but lost in the quarterfinals to Peter Curtis and Graham Stilwell.

Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan defeated Fletcher and his partner Roy Emerson in the final, 6–2, 6–3, 6–4 to win the gentlemen's doubles tennis title at the 1967 Wimbledon Championship.

Bob Hewitt
Robert Anthony John Hewitt (born 12 January 1940) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. In 1967, after marrying a South African, he became a South African citizen. He has won 15 major titles and a career Grand Slam in both men's and mixed doubles.

In 2015, he was convicted of rape and sexual assault of girls he was coaching in the 1980s and 1990s; Hewitt was sentenced to six years in jail, and was subsequently expelled from the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
Wickham, New Brunswick
Wickham is a rural community located in Wickham Parish in Queens County, New Brunswick, Canada. It is located on the shore of the Saint John River immediately next to the community of Kars. It was formerly connected to Hampstead via the Hampstead Ferry, however this ferry service was discontinued by the provincial government in 2009.

Wickham Parish, New Brunswick
Wickham is a geographic parish in Queens County, New Brunswick, Canada.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, for governance purposes it was divided between the village of Cambridge-Narrows and the local service district of the parish of Wickham, both of which were members of Kings Regional Service Commission (RSC8).
Mine Workers' Union
The Mine Workers' Union or Mineworkers' Union is the name of:

Andhra Pradesh Mica Mine Workers Union, current trade union in India

Canadian Mineworkers Union, former trade union

Ghana Mine Workers' Union, current trade union

Mine Workers' Union of Canada, former trade union

Mineworkers Union of Namibia, current trade union

Mine Workers' Union (South Africa), former name of current trade union

Northern Rhodesian African Mineworkers' Union, former trade union

United Mine Workers Union, current trade union in the United States

Mineworkers Union of Namibia
The Mineworkers Union of Namibia (MUN) is one of the most powerful of Namibia's trade unions. It plays a leading public role in the Namibian political space and is an ally of the ruling South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) government. The MUN was established in 1986. It is affiliated with the National Union of Namibian Workers (NUNW) national trade union center and had about 8,000 members in 2017.: 23