hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tyrone Township, Pennsylvania
Tyrone Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:

Tyrone Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania

Tyrone Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania

Tyrone Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania

Tyrone Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania
Tyrone Township is a township in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Altoona, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,873 at the 2020 census.

It was named after County Tyrone in Ireland.
2010 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women
The 2010 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women was the ninth edition of the FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women. 16 teams featured in the competition, held in Liepāja and Grobiņa, Latvia, from 15 to 25 July 2010. France were the defending champions. Russia won the title against Spain.

Grobiņa
Grobiņa (pronunciationⓘ; German: Grobin) is a town and the administrative centre of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia, eleven kilometers east of Liepāja. It was founded by the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century. Some ruins of their Grobiņa Castle are still visible. The town was given its charter in 1695.

During the Early Middle Ages, Grobiņa (or Grobin) was the most important political centre on the territory of Latvia. There was a centre of Scandinavian settlement on the Baltic Sea, comparable in many ways to Hedeby and Birka but probably predating them both. About 3,000 surviving burial mounds contain the most impressive remains of the Vendel Age in Northern Europe.
1985 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 9
The 1985 Vuelta a España was the 40th edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Valladolid, with a prologue individual time trial on 23 April, and Stage 9 occurred on 2 May with a stage to Balneario de Panticosa. The race finished in Salamanca on 12 May.

Logroño
Logroño (UK: /lɒˈɡrɒnjoʊ/ ⓘ log-RON-yoh, US: /ləˈɡroʊnjoʊ, loʊˈ-/ lə-GROHN-yoh, loh-, Spanish: [loˈɣɾoɲo] ⓘ) is the capital of the autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. Located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, primarily in the right (South) bank of the Ebro River, Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the Camino de Santiago. Its borders were disputed between the Iberian kingdoms of Castille, Navarre and Aragon during the Middle Ages.

The population of the city in 2021 was 150,808 while the metropolitan area included nearly 200,000 inhabitants. The city is a centre of trade of Rioja wine, for which the area is noted, and manufacturing of wood, metal and textile products.
British Carriagedriving
British Carriagedriving (BC), formerly known as British Horse Driving Trials Association (BHDTA), is the governing body for the sport of Horse Driving Trials in Great Britain. The association is responsible for the selection of Team GBR competitors to represent Great Britain at the World Carriage Driving Championships. It is one of the 18 organisations which form part of the British Equestrian Federation.

Combined driving
Combined driving (also known as horse driving trials) is an equestrian sport involving carriage driving. In this discipline, the driver sits on a vehicle drawn by a single horse, a pair or a team of four. The sport has three phases: dressage, cross-country marathon and obstacle cone driving — patterned after the mounted equestrian sport of eventing. It is one of the ten international equestrian sport horse disciplines recognized by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI). Combined driving became an FEI discipline in 1970 when Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the then-president of FEI, produced the first rule book.
Bernt Arne Lynge
Bernt Arne Lynge (9 July 1884 – 28 January 1942) was a Norwegian botanist. He specialized in lichen, in particular species from the Arctic and Antarctica.

Lynge was born at Lyngør in Aust-Agder, Norway. After graduation, he was employed as an assistant in the University of Oslo  Botanical Garden and later curator at the Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo. He was appointed professor of botany at the University of Oslo from 1935. Lynge was elected to the Norwegian Academy of Science.  His publications included Studies on the Lichen Flora of Norway (1921) and  Vascular Plants from Novaya Semlyen (1923).
The Spitsbergen glacier Lyngebreen is named after him.

Lyngør
Lyngør is a village area on a group of small islands in the municipality of Tvedestrand in Agder county, off the southeast coast of Norway. The village is about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northeast of Tvedestrand and approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of the town of Risør.  The village is located on several islands located very close together and separated by small straits that are less than 100 metres (330 ft) wide. The village is located on the islands of Holmen, Odden, Lyngøya and Steinsøya. The Lyngør Lighthouse lies at the northeast edge of the village area.
Quartilla
Quartilla is a character in the Satyricon which is said to be the "first picaresque" novel in Latin although it is not completely extant. This story was written  by Petronius Arbiter in the first century. Quartilla is a follower of the god Priapus and she and her maids are involved with seducing and torturing three of the characters, Encolpius, Ascyltum, and Giton.

She has been the subject of artistic and academic study. It has been proposed that she represents Octavia and her name is a pun like reference for the reader.

Claudia Octavia
Claudia Octavia (late 39 or early 40 – June 9, AD 62) was a Roman empress. She was the daughter of the Emperor Claudius and Valeria Messalina. After her mother's death and father's remarriage to her cousin Agrippina the Younger, she became the stepsister of the future Emperor Nero. She also became his wife, in a marriage between the two which was arranged by Agrippina.

Octavia was popular with the Roman people, but she and Nero hated their marriage. When his mistress, Poppaea Sabina, became pregnant, he divorced and banished Octavia. When this led to a public outcry, he had her executed.
Thomas McKean
Thomas McKean (/mɪkˈkeɪn/; March 19, 1734 – June 24, 1817) was an American lawyer, politician, and Founding Father. During the American Revolution he was a Delaware delegate to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia, where he signed the Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, and the Articles of Confederation. He served as President of Congress for four months in 1781. McKean was at various times a member of the Federalist and the Democratic-Republican parties and served as president of Delaware, chief justice of Pennsylvania, and the second governor of Pennsylvania. He also held numerous other public offices.

Historical Society of Pennsylvania
The Historical Society of Pennsylvania is a historic research facility headquartered on Locust Street in Center City Philadelphia. It is a repository for millions of historic items ranging across rare books, scholarly monographs, family chronicles, maps, press reports and varied ephemera, reaching back almost 300 years, and accessible on the society's website.
Battle of Campo Osório
The Battle of Campo Osório, also known as the Combat of Campo Osório, was fought on 24 June 1895 between federalist rebel forces and loyalist troops of the First Brazilian Republic, being the last battle of the Federalist Revolution.

Maragato (Brazil)
Maragato is a name given in Brazil to the southerners who initiated the Federalist Revolution (1893-1895) in protest against the federal government. The conflict affected the entire southern region of the country.

In the state of Rio Grande do Sul the movement was represented by Silveira Martins.

They wore red neckerchiefs for identification, symbolizing their opposition.
Rockbank
Rockbank is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 28 km (17 mi) west of the Melbourne central business district, located within the City of Melton local government area. Rockbank recorded a population of 2,583 at the 2021 census.

The land contains many large volcanic rocks making it poor for cultivating crops. The rocks have been used to build walls between paddocks – characteristic of the area west of Melbourne. The rich, red volcanic soil in the area has helped build the reputation of local wineries.

Rockbank is also the host to Victoria's annual Olive Festival.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
Shanghai Xinbao
Shanghai Xinbao (Chinese: 上海新报), also known as Shanghai Gazette or Shanghai New Daily or Shanghai Hsinpao or Shanghai News, was a commercial Chinese newspaper established in Shanghai in November 1861, edited successively by Marquis L. Wood, John Fryer and Young John Allen, which was based on the news reports translated from the North China Daily News.

The newspaper, founded by R. Alexander Jamieson, was the first Chinese language newspaper in Shanghai. It covered mostly in commercial and shipping news, with a small circulation confined to the Chinese merchants of the port.

From time to time, Shanghai Xinbao published limited but focused political news. The early focus was on the Taiping Rebellion, which increased its sales figures dramatically. On December 31, 1872, it ceased publication after a long-term competitive failure with the Shen Bao.

Young John Allen
Young John Allen (January 3, 1836 – May 30, 1907) or Young J. Allen, was an American Methodist missionary in late Qing dynasty China with the American Southern Methodist Episcopal Mission. He is best known in China by his local name Lin Lezhi (林乐知).

Allen's most influential work was in the field of education, as he worked at a government school before founding the Anglo-Chinese College in Shanghai. He was also a strong force in educating women at a time when that was very radical for Confucian society. His efforts helped to found the McTyeire School for girls. Allen also published several newspapers and magazines as a form of both evangelism and education, which influenced many Chinese reformers of the Self-Strengthening Movement and prompted philosophical discussions comparing Christianity and Confucianism. His publications were popular among many Chinese for their attention to Western concepts of international relations, economics and the natural sciences.
Julius Daniels
Julius Daniels (November 20, 1901 – October 18, 1947) was an American Piedmont blues musician. His song "99 Year Blues" appeared on the box set Anthology of American Folk Music and has been covered by Jim Kweskin, Chris Smither, Johnny Winter, Charlie Parr and Hot Tuna on their album Burgers.

Daniels was born in Denmark, South Carolina, United States. He lived in Pineville, North Carolina, from 1912 to 1930, when he moved to Charlotte, North Carolina.  He first recorded in 1927, joined first by guitarist Bubba Lee Torrence and later by Wilbert Andrews. He was one of the first black musicians from the Southeastern United States to record. Daniels is buried at the Silver Mount Church Cemetery near Fort Mill, South Carolina.

The Historic Society of Bamberg County held the first Julius Daniels Memorial Blues Festival at the Dane Theater in Denmark, South Carolina, on October 23, 2010.  Performers included Drink Small, Beverly Watkins, The Meeting Street Sheiks and Hitman.

Jim Kweskin
Jim Kweskin (born July 18, 1940, Stamford, Connecticut) is an American folk, jazz, and blues musician, and the founder of the Jim Kweskin Jug Band, also known as Jim Kweskin and the Jug Band, with Fritz Richmond, Geoff Muldaur, Maria Muldaur, Bob Siggins and Bruno Wolfe.

The Jim Kweskin Jug Band played a significant role in the folk and blues revival of the 1960s. They had an influence on such bands as The Grateful Dead, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band and The Lovin' Spoonful.
Transverse ligament
A transverse ligament is a ligament on a transverse plane, orthogonal to the anteroposterior or oral-aboral axiscan of the body.

In human anatomy, examples are:

Flexor retinaculum of the hand or transverse carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi transversum)

Inferior transverse ligament of scapula (ligamentum transversum scapulae inferius)

Inferior transverse ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis

Superior transverse ligament of the scapula (ligamentum transversum scapulae superius)

Superior extensor retinaculum of foot or transverse crural ligament (ligamentum transversum cruris)

Transverse acetabular ligament (ligamentum transversum acetabuli)

Transverse humeral ligament (ligamentum transversum humeri)

Transverse ligament of the atlas (ligamentum transversum atlantis)

Transverse ligament of knee (ligamentum transversum genus)

Transverse acetabular ligament
The transverse acetabular ligament (transverse ligament or Tunstall's ligament) bridges the acetabular notch, creating the a foramen (through which blood vessels and nerves pass into the joint cavity). The ligament is one of the sites of attachment of the ligament of head of femur.: 789

Some sources consider the transverse acetabular ligament as the part of the acetabular labrum over the acetabular notch,: 786  while another states that the labrum attaches onto the ligament.
Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.

Bobo doll experiment
The Bobo doll experiment was used by psychologist Albert Bandura to test his social learning theory. Between 1961 and 1963, he studied children's behaviour after watching an adult model act aggressively towards a Bobo doll. The most notable variation of the experiment measured the children's behavior after seeing the adult model rewarded, punished, or experience no consequence for physically abusing the Bobo doll.

Social learning theory proposes that people learn largely through observation, imitation, and modelling. The Bobo doll experiment demonstrates that people learn not only by being rewarded or punished but they can also learn from watching someone else being rewarded or punished. These studies have practical implications, such as providing evidence of how children can be influenced by witnessing violent behavior.
Half Tide Rock
Half Tide Rock is a small rocky island with an area of 0.13 ha, in south-eastern Australia.  It is part of the Petrel Island Group, lying in Bass Strait close to Walker and Robbins Islands in north-west Tasmania.

Bass Strait
Bass Strait is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea, and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay.

Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period, the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists.
Progesterone devices used in farm animals
Progesterone devices are broadly used in the control of reproductive management in livestock. They work by increasing circulating plasma progesterone levels with the following consequences:

Progesterone suppresses the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. This is done via a negative feedback to the hypothalamus neuroendocrine cells, by inhibition of KiSSpeptin KiSS1-derived peptide receptor, a protein needed for the release of GnRH.

Low levels of GnRH prevent the emergence of a dominant follicle by reducing the release of LH and FSH hormones. Current follicular waves cease and a new wave emerges 3–5 days after implant.

A dominant follicle develops but there is no ovulation as LH release is prevented by suppression of GnRH.

Removal of progesterone device produces a surge of GnRH, generating a pulse of LH that induces ovulation.

Ovarian follicle
An ovarian follicle is a roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries. It secretes hormones that influence stages of the menstrual cycle. In humans, women have approximately 200,000 to 300,000 follicles at the time of puberty, each with the potential to release an egg cell (ovum) at ovulation for fertilization. These eggs are developed once every menstrual cycle with around 300-400 being ovulated during a woman's reproductive lifetime.
Darius Jones (saxophonist)
Darius Jones (born May 3, 1978) is an American saxophonist, composer, and professor of African-American music.

Jones has been recognized for work ranging from solo saxophone to chamber and vocal ensembles, with musical interests including Black music, avant garde music, and experimental music. His compositions and recordings have been included in best-of lists in publications including NPR Music, The Wire, and PopMatters, and his live performances have been acknowledged as among the year's best in  The New York Times.

In 2024, Jones was announced as incoming Assistant Professor of Music at Wesleyan University.

NPR Music
NPR Music is a project of National Public Radio, an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization, that launched in November 2007 to present public radio music programming and original editorial content for music discovery. NPR Music offers current and archival podcasts, live concert webcasts, reviews, music lists, news, studio sessions, and interviews to listen to from NPR and partner public radio stations across the country, as well as an index of public radio music stations streaming live on the Internet.  There have been two blogs: "Monitor Mix" (now defunct) by Sleater-Kinney musician Carrie Brownstein and the All Songs Considered Blog by Bob Boilen and Robin Hilton.
David Risling
David Risling Jr. (April 10, 1921 in Morek, Humboldt County, California – March 13, 2005 in Davis, California) was a Native American (Hoopa) educator and rights activist who was often referred to as "The Father of Indian Education".

Davis, California
Davis is the most populous city in Yolo County, California, United States. Located in the Sacramento Valley region of Northern California, the city had a population of 66,850 in 2020, not including the on-campus population of the University of California, Davis, which was over 9,400 (not including students' families) in 2016. As of 2023, there were 40,850 students enrolled at the university, which is known as the biking capital of America.
Yuri Dobryshkin
Yuri Vladimirovich Dobryshkin (Russian: Юрий Владимирович Добрышкин; born 19 July 1979 in Penza, Soviet Union) is a Russian former professional ice hockey player. He played in the Russian Superleague and the Kontinental Hockey League for Krylia Sovetov, AK Bars Kazan, Severstal Cherepovets, Metallurg Magnitogorsk, HC CSKA Moscow, Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod, Atlant Moscow Oblast and HC Dynamo Moscow. He was selected by Atlanta Thrashers in the 6th round (159th overall) of the 1999 NHL Entry Draft.

Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod
Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: Торпедо Нижний Новгород) is a professional ice hockey club in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It is a member of the Bobrov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

The team's home arena is Trade Union Sport Palace. The team used to play its home games at Konovalenko Sports Palace, named after Viktor Konovalenko – one of the most famous Soviet goaltenders, who played for the Torpedoes.
HE 1104−1805
HE 1104−1805 known as CTS 463 or Double Hamburger in literature, is a gravitationally-lensed quasar located in the constellation of Crater. It has a redshift of (z) 2.32 and it was first discovered by astronomers L. Wisotzki, T. Koehler, R. Kayser and D. Reimers in October 1993. This quasar is classified as radio-quiet.

Gravitational lens
A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle, that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer. The amount of gravitational lensing is described by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. If light is treated as corpuscles travelling at the speed of light, Newtonian physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.

Orest Khvolson (1924) and Frantisek Link (1936) are generally credited with being the first to discuss the effect in print, but it is more commonly associated with Einstein, who made unpublished calculations on it in 1912 and published an article on the subject in 1936.

In 1937, Fritz Zwicky posited that galaxy clusters could act as gravitational lenses, a claim confirmed in 1979 by observation of the Twin QSO SBS 0957+561.
Black Heat
Black Heat was a 1970s funk band founded by King Raymond Green and discovered by Phillip Guilbeau. They released three albums: Black Heat (with guest artist David "Fathead" Newman), No Time To Burn and Keep On Runnin'. The group had one hit single, "No Time to Burn", which reached the top 50 in the Billboard R&B chart.

In 2001, Label M released a CD reissue of their first two albums under the title Declassified Grooves. They had recently appeared at a memorial concert for Joel Dorn, their original producer at Atlantic Records. It was the first time they had reunited in over 34 years.

Joel Dorn
Joel Dorn (April 7, 1942 – December 17, 2007) was an American jazz and R&B music producer and record label entrepreneur. He worked at Atlantic Records, and later founded the 32 Jazz, Label M, and Hyena Records labels.  He called himself "The Masked Announcer".

Artists he worked with included: Roberta Flack, Max Roach, Bette Midler, The Allman Brothers Band, Peter Allen, Yusef Lateef, Willy DeVille, the Neville Brothers, Herbie Mann, Les McCann, Eddie Harris, Mose Allison, Leon Redbone, Jimmy Scott and Rahsaan Roland Kirk.

Dorn won two Grammy Awards:

"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" by Roberta Flack, 1972 Record of the Year

"Killing Me Softly with His Song" by Roberta Flack, 1973 Record of the Year

Dorn died from a heart attack in 2007. His son, Adam Dorn, is a musician working under the name Mocean Worker.
Miroslav Penkov
Miroslav Penkov is a Bulgarian writer who writes in English and Bulgarian. He was born in Gabrovo, Bulgaria in 1982, lived in Sofia for fourteen years and in 2001, at the age of 18, moved to the United States of America. He studied for a bachelor's degree in psychology and a Master of Fine Arts in creative writing at the University of Arkansas. He is a professor of creative writing at the University of North Texas.

His stories have been translated in over twenty languages and have appeared in A Public Space, Granta, One Story, The Southern Review, The Sunday Times, The Best American Short Stories 2008 (edited by Salman Rushdie), The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories 2012 and The Best American Nonrequired Reading 2013.

The Best American Short Stories
The Best American Short Stories (BASS) is a yearly anthology that is part of The Best American Series published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Since 1915, Best American Short Stories has anthologized more than 2,000 short stories, including works by some of the most famous writers in contemporary American literature. Along with the O. Henry Awards, Best American Short Stories is one of the two "best-known annual anthologies of short fiction."