hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Termes
The Siege of Termes was a military engagement which took place from August to November of 1210 during the Albigensian Crusade. It took place in the Languedoc region of southern France at the Castle of Termes. The Siege was led by Simon de Montfort as part of the Crusader effort to eliminate Catharism, a Christian sect regarded as heretical, from Southern France. After nearly four months of siege, the castle fell on the 22nd of November.

Reginald of Bar (bishop of Chartres)
Reginald of Bar, also known as Renaud de Mouçon, was bishop of Chartres from 1182 until his death in 1217.  His parents were Reginald II of Bar and his wife Adèle de Champagne. Via his mother he was first cousin to king Philip II of France, who facilitated his career.  He was named canon and treasurer of Saint-Martin de Tours and was then elected bishop of Chartres in 1182.  He played an important role in France and Champagne and participated in the Third Crusade.

Returning to France, in 1199 he negotiated the marriage of Theobald III of Champagne to Blanche of Navarre.  After Theobald's death and during Blanche's regency, he held great influence in the court at Champagne.  During the Champagne War of Succession he was part of a tribunal charged with ruling on the succession.  In 1210 he led a detachment of crusaders in the Albigensian Crusade and participated in the siege of Termes.
Perfect 10, Inc. v. CCBill, LLC
Perfect 10, Inc. v. CCBill LLC, 488 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2007), is a U.S. court case between a publisher of an adult entertainment magazine and the webhosting, connectivity, and payment service companies. The plaintiff Perfect 10 asserted that defendants CCBill (payment service company) and CWIE (webhosting and connectivity service company) violated copyright, trademark, and state law violation of right of publicity laws, unfair competition, false and misleading advertising by providing services to websites that posted images stolen from Perfect 10's magazine and website. Defendants sought to invoke statutory safe harbor exemptions from copyright infringement liability under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 512, and from liability for state law unfair competition, false advertising claims and right of publicity based on Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, 47 U.S.C. § 230(c)(1).

Perfect 10 (magazine)
Perfect 10 was a monthly men's magazine (later a quarterly), and adult website that featured high resolution topless or nude photographs of women who had not had cosmetic surgery. Perfect 10 also promoted and filmed boxing matches between a number of their models, which were called Perfect 10: Model Boxing on the Showtime and HDNet cable channels. The last print edition of the magazine was published in the summer of 2007 (issue 43), after which it switched to a subscription-based website-only presentation.
Oka Radha Iddaru Krishnulu
Oka Radha Iddaru Krishnulu (transl. One Radha, two Krishnas) is a 1986 Indian Telugu-language comedy film directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy. The film stars Kamal Haasan and Sridevi, with music composed by Ilaiyaraaja. It is adapted from the novel of the same name by Yandamoori Veerendranath.

Released on 2 October 1986, Oka Radha Iddaru Krishnulu premiered alongside another film by Kodandarami Reddy, Rakshasudu. This marked a rare occurrence in which two films from the same director were released simultaneously, with both being adaptations based on novels written by Yandamoori Veerendranath.

A. Kodandarami Reddy
A. Kodandarami Reddy (born 1 July 1950) is an Indian film director best known for his works in Telugu cinema.
His association with Chiranjeevi created blockbusters in multiple genres such as Nyayam Kavali (1981), Khaidi (1983), Abhilasha (1983), Goonda (1984), Challenge (1984), Donga (1985), Rakshasudu (1986), Pasivadi Pranam (1987), Donga Mogudu (1987), Athaku Yamudu Ammayiki Mogudu (1989),  Kondaveeti Donga (1990), and Muta Mestri (1993). In 2013 he received the B. N. Reddy National Film Award for Life Time Achievement.
Daihatsu Mira Tocot
The Daihatsu Mira Tocot (Japanese: ダイハツ・ミラトコット, Hepburn: Daihatsu Mira Tokotto) is a kei car built by the Japanese carmaker Daihatsu between 2018 and 2023 as the successor to the Mira Cocoa & Mira. Based on the LA350 series Mira e:S, its 658 cc KF-VE three-cylinder petrol engine produces 38 kW (51 hp; 52 PS) and 60 N⋅m (44 lb⋅ft) of torque.

The name "Tocot" is derived from phrases "To Character" (expression of one's ownness), "To Comfortableness" (safety, security and easiness of driving), and "To Convenience" (usability).

Daihatsu K-series engine
The Daihatsu K-series is a series of three unrelated engine families (KF, KR and K3/KJ), even though named with same initial "K" letter code. These engines were built in DOHC 12-valve inline three (KF & KR) and DOHC 16-valve inline four (K3/KJ) engine layout, ranging from 0.66 L, 1.0 L and up to 1.3 L. All engine families are available in naturally aspirated and turbocharged form. The new KF weighs 47kg (103lbs) which is 25% less than the old EF which weighs 59kg (130lbs)
1934–35 Gauliga Bayern
The 1934–35 Gauliga Bayern was the second season of the league, one of the 16 Gauligas in Germany at the time. It was the first tier of the football league system in  Bavaria (German:Bayern) from 1933 to 1945.

The  league champions SpVgg Fürth qualified for the 1935 German football championship, where it finished second in its group, behind VfB Stuttgart, an ahead of FC Hanau 93 and SV Jena and was thereby knocked out of the competition. For Fürth it was the only Gauliga championships the club would win in the era from 1933 to 1944.

The 1934–35 season saw the introduction of a cup competition, the Tschammerpokal, now the DFB-Pokal. The inaugural 1935 edition was won by Gauliga Bayern runners-up 1. FC Nürnberg, defeating German champion FC Schalke 04 2–0 on 8 December 1935.

Gauliga
A Gauliga (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʊˌliːɡa]) was the highest level of play in German football from 1933 to 1945. The leagues were introduced in 1933, after the Nazi takeover of power by the National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise.
Intuitionism
In the philosophy of mathematics, intuitionism, or neointuitionism (opposed to preintuitionism), is an approach where mathematics is considered to be purely the result of the constructive mental activity of humans rather than the discovery of fundamental principles claimed to exist in an objective reality. That is, logic and mathematics are not considered analytic activities wherein deep properties of objective reality are revealed and applied, but are instead considered the application of internally consistent methods used to realize more complex mental constructs, regardless of their possible independent existence in an objective reality.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a free online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles.
Philip B. Low
Philip Burrill Low (May 6, 1836 – August 23, 1912) was a U.S. Representative from New York.

Born in Chelsea, Massachusetts, Low attended the public schools and was graduated from high school.
During the Civil War volunteered and was appointed acting ensign in the United States Navy and served in the North Atlantic Squadron during 1862 and 1863.
He resigned and engaged in commercial pursuits in Boston, Massachusetts, until 1865, when he moved to New York City.
Identified with the shipping and maritime interests.

Low was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1899).
He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1898 to the Fifty-sixth Congress.
He continued his activities in maritime pursuits in New York City until his death there on August 23, 1912.
He was interred in Woodlawn Cemetery.

54th United States Congress
The 54th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1895, to March 4, 1897, during the last two years of Grover Cleveland's second presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1890 United States census. The House had a Republican majority, and the Republicans were the largest party in the Senate.
Eleanor Callow
Eleanor 'Squirt' Callow (August 8, 1927 – October 28, 1974) was a Canadian left fielder who played from 1947 through 1954 for three teams of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). Callow was a switch-hitter and threw right-handed. She was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Left fielder
In baseball, a left fielder, abbreviated LF, is an outfielder who plays defense in left field. Left field is the area of the outfield to the left of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the left fielder is assigned the number seven.
Australian grayling
The Australian grayling (Prototroctes maraena) is a primarily freshwater fish found in coastal rivers in south-eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania. In past decades it has also been known as the cucumber mullet or cucumber herring, for its cucumber-like odour.

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
Philip van Staden
Philippus Adriaan van Staden (born 5 December 1975), known as Philip van Staden, is a South African politician from Gauteng. He has been serving as a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa for the Freedom Front Plus (FF+) since 2019. He previously represented the FF+ in the Gauteng Provincial Legislature from 2014 to 2019. Van Staden was a municipal councillor of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality from 2011 to 2014.

Freedom Front Plus
The Freedom Front Plus (FF Plus or FF+; Afrikaans: Vryheidsfront Plus, VF Plus) is a center-right political party in South Africa that was formed (as the Freedom Front) in 1994. It is led by Corné Mulder. Since 2024, it is a part of the current South African government of national unity together with the African National Congress (ANC), the Democratic Alliance and other parties.
Remixed and Reimagined (Nina Simone album)
Remixed and Reimagined is the first album in the Legacy Remixed series released by Sony BMG. This is a collection of songs by Nina Simone, remixed by several Electronica artists. All original songs come from her albums released by RCA records. It was released in 2006 on Legacy/RCA/SBMG Records.

The Groovefinder remix of "Ain't Got No, I Got Life" reached number 30 in the UK and remained on the charts for 16 weeks. In Ireland it peaked at number 9 and remained on the charts for 15 weeks.

Tony Humphries (musician)
Tony Humphries (born November 3, 1957) is an American electronic musician and DJ. He was one of the earliest proponents of house music and has been instrumental in spreading the genre on both sides of the Atlantic.

Humphries' work encompasses studio production and remixes, radio slots on WRKS 98.7 Kiss FM and Hot 97, and DJ residencies at clubs including Club Zanzibar (Newark, New Jersey) and Ministry of Sound in London, UK.
Marcel Thiry
Marcel Thiry (13 March 1897 – 5 September 1977) was a French-speaking Belgian poet. During World War I, he and his brother Oscar served in the Belgian Expeditionary Corps in Russia.

He was awarded the Prix Valery Larbaud in 1976 for Toi qui pâlis au nom de Vancouver, a book of poems reminiscent of Blaise Cendrars and Guillaume Apollinaire. He is the father of virologist Lise Thiry.

Blaise Cendrars
Frédéric-Louis Sauser (1 September 1887 – 21 January 1961), better known as Blaise Cendrars (French: [sɑ̃dʁaʁ]), was a Swiss-born novelist and poet who became a naturalized French citizen in 1916. He was a writer of considerable influence in the European modernist movement.
Saw Sala of Toungoo
Saw Sala (Burmese: စောစလာ, pronounced [sɔ́ səlà]) was the chief consort of Gov. Thawun Nge of Toungoo (Taungoo) from 1317 to 1324. After her husband's death, she became the regent on behalf of her young son Saw Hnit, and ran Toungoo for about a year. Her rule was unpopular, and she and her son were overthrown by Chief Minister Kayin Ba in 1325. She escaped the coup at the governor's palace that killed Saw Hnit, but died on the run near Taungdwingyi.

Taungoo
Taungoo (Burmese: တောင်ငူမြို့, MLCTS: taung ngu mrui., pronounced [tàʊɰ̃ŋù mjo̰] Tauñngu myoú; S'gaw Karen: တီအူ), also spelled Toungoo and formerly Toung-ngú, is a district-level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industry is in forestry products, with teak and other hardwoods extracted from the mountains. The city is known for its areca palms and betel nut chewing.

The city is famous in Burmese history for the Toungoo dynasty which ruled the country for over 200 years between the 16th and 18th centuries. Taungoo was the capital of Burma in 1510–1539 and 1551–1552.

Kaytumadi new city (new city of Taungoo) is the central command of the southern command division region of Armed Forces (Tatmadaw). Hanthawaddy United Football Club is based in Taungoo.
Cistern of lateral cerebral fossa
The cistern of lateral cerebral fossa (also cistern of the lateral sulcus, or Sylvian cistern) is an elongated subarachnoid cistern formed by arachnoid mater bridging the lateral sulcus between the frontal, temporal, and parietal opercula. The cistern contains the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and its branches, and the two (i.e. superficial and deep) middle cerebral veins (MCVs).

The cistern is subdivided into three compartments: the superficial opercular compartment (SOC) (most superficial), deep opercular compartment (DOC) (intermediate), and cisternal compartment (CC) (deepest). The SOC contains the superficial MCV, and distal branches of the MCA; the DOC contains the M3 segment of the MCA; the CC contains the M1 and M2 segments of MCA, and the deep MCV.

Middle cerebral veins
The middle cerebral veins - are the superficial and deep veins  - that run along the lateral sulcus. The superficial middle cerebral vein is also known as the superficial Sylvian vein, and the deep middle cerebral vein is also known as the deep Sylvian vein. The lateral sulcus or lateral fissure, is also known as the Sylvian fissure.
Sabit Abdusalam
Sabit Abdusalam (Chinese: 萨比提·阿布都沙拉木; born 26 March 1994), known as Abdul'eziz Abdusalam (Chinese: 阿卜杜力艾则孜) until 2017, is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a midfielder or forward for Jiangxi Lushan.

Xinjiang Tianshan Leopard F.C.
Xinjiang Tianshan Leopard F.C. (Chinese: 新疆天山雪豹; pinyin: Xīnjiāng Tiānshān Xuěbào) is a defunct professional Chinese football club that participated in the China League One division under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team was based in Ürümqi, Xinjiang. Their majority shareholder was the Ürümqi Juntai Real Estate Co., Ltd. (Juntai Group)

The club dissolved in February 2023.
Anders Ruben Forsblom
Anders Ruben Forsblom (24 June 1931 – 18 June 2023) was a Finnish cyclist. He won the Finnish national road race title in 1953 and 1954. He also competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Cycling at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's team road race
These are the official results of the Men's Team Road Race at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, held on August 2, 1952 as a part of the Men's Individual Road Race. The best three performances by nation were rewarded, with twenty-seven teams competing.
SECTM1
Secreted and transmembrane protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SECTM1 gene.

This gene encodes a transmembrane and secreted protein with characteristics of a type 1a transmembrane protein. It is found in a perinuclear Golgi-like pattern and thought to be involved in hematopoietic and/or immune system processes.

Secretory protein
A secretory protein is any protein, whether it be endocrine or exocrine, which is secreted by a cell. Secretory proteins include many hormones, enzymes, toxins, and antimicrobial peptides. Secretory proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Standard-type battleship
The Standard-type battleship was a series of thirteen battleships across five classes ordered for the United States Navy between 1911 and 1916 and commissioned between 1916 and 1923. These were considered super-dreadnoughts, with the ships of the final two classes incorporating many lessons from the Battle of Jutland.

Each vessel was produced with a series of progressive innovations, which contributed to the pre–World War I arms race. The twelve vessels commissioned constituted the US Navy's main battle line in the interwar period, while many of the ten earlier dreadnoughts were scrapped or relegated to secondary duties. Restrictions under the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty limited total numbers and size of battleships and had required some under construction to be cancelled,  so it was not until the onset of World War II that new battleships were constructed. On 7 December 1941, eight were at Pearl Harbor, one at Bremerton, Washington, and three were assigned to the Atlantic Fleet.

Arms race
An arms race occurs when two or more groups compete in military superiority. It consists of a competition between two or more states to have superior armed forces, concerning production of weapons, the growth of a military, and the aim of superior military technology. Unlike a sporting race, which constitutes a specific event with winning interpretable as the outcome of a singular project, arms races constitute spiralling systems of on-going and potentially open-ended behavior.

The existing scholarly literature is divided as to whether arms races correlate with war. International-relations scholars explain arms races in terms of the security dilemma, engineering spiral models, states with revisionist aims, and deterrence models.
Markus Ritter (politician)
Markus Vinzenz Ritter (German pronunciation: [ˈmaʁkʊs ˈʁɪtɐ]; born 19 April 1967) is a Swiss farmer, lobbyist and politician who currently serves on the National Council (Switzerland) for The Centre since 2011. He concurrently serves as president of the Swiss Farmers' Union since 2012. He is known as a lobbyist for agriculture-related issues.

On 28 January 2025, he was nominated by the Centre Party of St. Gallen as a candidate to succeed Viola Amherd on the Federal Council (Switzerland) as head of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport. He lost the election to Martin Pfister of Zug.

Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport
The Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport (DDPS, German: Eidgenössisches Departement für Verteidigung, Bevölkerungsschutz und Sport, French: Département fédéral de la défense, de la protection de la population et des sports, Italian: Dipartimento federale della difesa, della protezione della popolazione e dello sport, Romansh: Departament federal da defensiun, protecziun da la populaziun e sportⓘ) is one of the seven departments of the Swiss federal government. It is headed by a member of the Swiss Federal Council, the Swiss defence minister. In 1998, its name was changed from Federal Military Department to its current day iteration.
Eoeugnathus
Eoeugnathus (Greek for "dawn true-jaw") is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish belonging to the Halecomorphi. Eoeugnathus existed during the Middle Triassic in what is now Europe.

It contains two species:

E. bellottii (Rueppel, 1857) - Ladinian of Italy and Switzerland (Meride Formation, Perledo-Varenna Formation) (=Allolepidotus bellottii Rueppel, 1857)

E. megalepis Brough, 1939 (type species) - latest Anisian to late Ladinian of Italy (Besano Formation), Switzerland (Prosanto Formation), and Spain (Muschelkalk)

It was initially placed in the Caturidae and then the Panxianichthyiformes, but more recent studies have placed it in the new ionoscopiform family Subortichthyidae.

Anisian
In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from 246.7 million years ago until 241.464 million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age (part of the Lower Triassic Epoch) and precedes the Ladinian Age.
NGC 262
NGC 262 (also known as Markarian 348) is a Seyfert 2 spiral galaxy located 65.4 megaparsecs (213 million light-years) away in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered on 17 September 1885 by Lewis A. Swift.

NGC 262 was tidally disturbed by the gravitational forces of smaller galaxies, which resulted in a surrounding large cloud over 10 times larger than the Milky Way. It is also a member of the NGC 315 Group (also known as LGG 14), which contains 42 galaxies, including NGC 226, NGC 243, NGC 266, NGC 311, NGC 315, NGC 338, IC 43, IC 66, and IC 69, among others.

Lewis A. Swift
Lewis A. Swift (February 29, 1820 – January 5, 1913) was an American astronomer who discovered 13 comets and 1,248 previously uncatalogued nebulae. Only William Herschel discovered more nebulae visually.
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium of the genus Staphylococcus found worldwide. It is primarily a pathogen for domestic animals, but has been known to affect humans as well. S. pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen that secretes immune-modulating virulence factors, has many adhesion factors, and the potential to create biofilms, all of which help to determine the pathogenicity of the bacterium. Diagnoses of S. pseudintermedius have traditionally been made using cytology, plating, and biochemical tests. More recently, molecular technologies like MALDI-TOF, DNA hybridization and PCR have become preferred over biochemical tests for their more rapid and accurate identifications. This includes the identification and diagnosis of antibiotic resistant strains.

Nucleic acid hybridization
In molecular biology, hybridization (or hybridisation) is a phenomenon in which single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules anneal to complementary DNA or RNA. Though a double-stranded DNA sequence is generally stable under physiological conditions, changing these conditions in the laboratory (generally by raising the surrounding temperature) will cause the molecules to separate into single strands. These strands are complementary to each other but may also be complementary to other sequences present in their surroundings. Lowering the surrounding temperature allows the single-stranded molecules to anneal or “hybridize” to each other.

DNA replication and transcription of DNA into RNA both rely upon nucleotide hybridization, as do molecular biology techniques including Southern blots and Northern blots, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and most approaches to DNA sequencing.