hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monique Guay
Monique Guay (born October 27, 1959) is a Quebec politician. She was the Bloc Québécois Member of Parliament for the riding of Rivière-du-Nord.

Born in L'Île-Bizard, Quebec, she was an administrator and businesswoman before she was first elected in 1993 for the riding of Laurentides. She was re-elected in 1997, 2000, and 2004. From 2002 to 2004, she was the Bloc Québécois Caucus Chair. From 2004, she is the Bloc Québécois Deputy House Leader. In the 2011 elections, she was defeated by Pierre Dionne Labelle of the NDP.

L'Île-Bizard, Quebec
L'Île-Bizard (French pronunciation: [lil bizaʁ]) is a former municipality current borough located on Île Bizard, an island northwest of the Island of Montreal. It was originally incorporated as a municipality on 1 July 1855 as Paroisse de Saint-Raphaël-de-l'Île-Bizard.

On 1 January 2002, it was merged into the City of Montreal as part of the borough of L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève.

The island has a land area of 22.77 km2 (8.79 sq mi). Its population was 14,647 at the 2011 census.

Parc-Nature-du-Bois-de-l'île-Bizard is located in the centre of the island.

It is the childhood home of NHL hockey player Vincent Lecavalier, who attended John Rennie High School, a school well known for its athletics program.

The Parti Québécois leader Pauline Marois had a $8M main residence in the area. She is currently building another home on the island.
Alta Devices
Alta Devices was a US-based specialty gallium arsenide (GaAs) PV manufacturer, which claimed to have achieved a solar cell conversion efficiency record of 29.1%, as certified by Germany's Fraunhofer ISE CalLab.

It was purchased by a Chinese company and shut down.

Energy conversion efficiency
Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input, in energy terms. The input, as well as the useful output may be chemical, electric power, mechanical work, light (radiation), or heat. The resulting value, η (eta), ranges between 0 and 1.
Treasure of El Carambolo
The Treasure of El Carambolo (Spanish: Tesoro del Carambolo) was found in El Carambolo hill in the municipality of Camas (Province of Seville, Andalusia, Spain), 3 kilometers west of Seville, on 30 September 1958. The discovery of the treasure hoard spurred interest in the Tartessos culture, which prospered from the 9th to the 6th centuries BCE, but recent scholars have debated whether the treasure was a product of local culture or of the Phoenicians. The treasure was found by Spanish construction workers during renovations being made at a pigeon shooting society.

After years of displaying a replica while the original treasure was locked in a safe, the Archeological Museum of Seville has put the original artifacts on permanent display since January 2012.  A replica is on display in the National Archaeological Museum in Madrid.

National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)
The National Archaeological Museum (Spanish: Museo Arqueológico Nacional; MAN) is a archaeology  museum in Madrid, Spain. It is located on Calle de Serrano beside the Plaza de Colón, sharing its building with the National Library of Spain. It is one of the National Museums of Spain and it is attached to the Ministry of Culture.
Some Broken Hearts Never Mend
"Some Broken Hearts Never Mend" is a song written by Wayland Holyfield and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams.  It was released in January 1977 as the first single from his album Visions.  The song was Williams' sixth number one on the country chart.  The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of 12 weeks within the top 40.

The song was also an international hit for Telly Savalas in 1981. It topped the Swiss charts for two weeks, and peaked at number two in Austria and number four in the Netherlands.

A cover version of the song, performed by Danny McBride, Adam DeVine, and Edi Patterson, is used as the soundtrack to the final scene of the second season of the comedy series The Righteous Gemstones.

The Righteous Gemstones
The Righteous Gemstones is an American crime comedy-drama television series created by Danny McBride that premiered on August 18, 2019, on HBO. The series follows a famous and dysfunctional family of televangelists. McBride also stars in the series, alongside Adam DeVine, Edi Patterson, Tony Cavalero, Cassidy Freeman, Gregory Alan Williams, Tim Baltz, and John Goodman. The series concluded on May 4, 2025, after airing four seasons and 36 episodes. It received positive reviews from critics.
Ghazi, Haripur
Ghazi (Urdu: غازی) is an administrative subdivision of Haripur District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Assistant Commissioner of Ghazi is Fizza Mohsin. She started her service on 24 February 2022.

Some of the villages located in Ghazi's midst are:

Bhai

Bharwasa

Hassanpur

Isa

Gahara*

Jammun

Jalu

Khairbara

Khalo

Kohtehra

Pipliala

Salam Khand

Sobra

Salam Khand
Salam Khand, (Urdu: سلم کھنڈ), is a village of Ghazi Tehsil in the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The village, which is part of Kundi Union Council, contains a government primary school and a hospital.

In 1848, during the Second Anglo-Sikh War, Chatar Singh had stationed troops in a fort in the village.
2016 Winston-Salem Open – Doubles
Dominic Inglot and Robert Lindstedt were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Inglot played alongside Marin Draganja, but lost in the quarterfinals to Lindstedt and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi. Lindstedt and Qureshi then lost in the semifinals to Andre Begemann and Leander Paes.

Guillermo García-López and Henri Kontinen won the title, defeating Begemann and Paes in the final, 4–6, 7–6(8–6), [10–8].

Dominic Inglot
Dominic Inglot (/ˈɪŋɡlɒt/ ING-glot; born 6 March 1986) is a British former professional tennis player who was a doubles specialist. He made the final of twenty seven ATP World Tour events, winning fourteen, including the Citi Open and Swiss Indoors partnering Treat Huey and Franko Škugor, and also made the final of nine ATP Challenger Tour events winning six of them. He was a former British No. 1 in doubles. Also known as 'Dom the Bomb' due to his menacing serve.

Inglot made his debut in the Great Britain Davis Cup squad for the 2014 World Group first round tie against the United States. Inglot also played in the 2015 Davis Cup first round tie against the United States, and joined the team for the Final against Belgium, Great Britain winning the Davis Cup in 2015, the nation's first success in the tournament for 79 years. The Davis Cup team was awarded the 2015 BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award.
Katharina Gallhuber
Katharina Gallhuber (born 16 June 1997) is an Austrian World Cup alpine ski racer who specializes in slalom. She won a bronze medal in the slalom and a silver in the mixed team event at the PyeongChang 2018 Olympics.

Slalom skiing
Slalom is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline, involving skiing between poles or gates. These are spaced more closely than those in giant slalom, super giant slalom and downhill, necessitating quicker and shorter turns.  Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships, and at the Olympic Winter Games.
2016 ADAC GT Masters
The 2016 ADAC GT Masters was the tenth season of the ADAC GT Masters, the grand tourer-style sports car racing founded by the German automobile club ADAC. The season started on 15 April at Motorsport Arena Oschersleben and ended on 2 October at Hockenheim after seven double-header meetings.

Hockenheimring
The Hockenheimring, officially Hockenheimring Baden-Württemberg (German: [ˈhɔkŋ̍haɪmʁɪŋ ˌbaːdn̩ ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk] ⓘ), is a motor racing circuit situated in the Rhine valley near the town of Hockenheim in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located on the Bertha Benz Memorial Route. Amongst other motor racing events, it has hosted the German Grand Prix, most recently in 2019. The circuit is nearly flat. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 licence.
Quality Education Fund
The Quality Education Fund (Chinese: 優質教育基金; 2 January 1998 – ) is a fund in Hong Kong set up for promoting education reform. It was suggested by Tung Chee-hwa, former Chief Executive of Hong Kong, in his first policy address in October 1997. It is used for funding various quality education programmes in Hong Kong.

After the fund was set up, it obtained five billion HKD from the Government of Hong Kong to support its long-term operation. Initially, the full amount of requested funding will be allocated to the applicants, but now the fund is a matching fund.

Matching funds
Matching funds are funds that are set to be paid in proportion to funds available from other sources.  Matching fund payments usually arise in situations of charity or public good. The terms cost sharing, in-kind, and matching can be used interchangeably but refer to different types of donations.
Tsarevna
Tsarevna (Russian: царевна, IPA: [t͡sɐˈrʲevnə]) was a title given to the daughters of tsars in Russia before the 18th century. The male equivalent was tsarevich.

All of them died unmarried with the exception of the daughters of Ivan V. Notably, his daughter Catherine married Karl Leopold of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

Both tsarevna and tsarevich were replaced with grand duchess and grand duke (with tsesarevich given to the heir apparent).

Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Herzogtum Mecklenburg-Schwerin) was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1701, when Frederick William and Adolphus Frederick II divided the Duchy of Mecklenburg between Schwerin and Strelitz. Ruled by the successors of the Nikloting House of Mecklenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin remained a state of the Holy Roman Empire along the Baltic Sea littoral between Holstein-Glückstadt and the Duchy of Pomerania.
Trnovo Forest Plateau
The Trnovo Forest Plateau (Slovene: Trnovski gozd) is a karst plateau that constitutes the extreme northwest end of the Dinaric Alps. The Trnovo Forest Plateau has a karst character, without surface watercourses and broken up by closed valleys, outcroppings, hills, caves, shafts, and smaller karst features: solution pans, rills, karrens, and other features. Significant karst features include ice caves. The vegetation inversion at Big Paradana Ice Cave (Slovene: Velika ledena jama v Paradani) in the eastern part of the plateau, measuring 385 meters (1,263 ft) by 1,550 meters (5,090 ft), is a locus classicus and in the past ice was harvested from it and exported via Gorizia and Trieste to Egypt.

The Trnovo Forest Plateau has three nature reserves:

Big Paradana Ice Cave

Golak Peaks (1,495 meters or 4,905 feet) and Spruce Valley (Slovene: Smrekova draga, a karst depression)

The Smrečje forest reserve

The southern ridge of the Trnovo Forest Plateau is Čaven.

Ice cave
An ice cave is any type of natural cave (most commonly lava tubes or limestone caves) that contains significant amounts of perennial (year-round) ice.  At least a portion of the cave must have a temperature below 0 °C (32 °F) all year round, and water must have traveled into the cave’s cold zone.
Girlicious (album)
Girlicious is the debut studio album by American girl group Girlicious, released on August 12, 2008 in Canada, through Geffen Records. It infuses hip hop and R&B with pop music. Its production began in 2007, after the filming of Pussycat Dolls Present: Girlicious. Although it did not chart in the United States, Girlicious debuted at number two on the Canadian Albums Chart and was later certified platinum in the country. A deluxe edition for the album was released on December 9, 2008, including two new songs and three remixes of the singles.

The Girlicious Tour
Girlicious took part in a tour of Canada as the opening act of the Unbreakable Tour with the Backstreet Boys that started on July 30, 2008 and ended September 6, 2008. 
Girlicious returned to Canada to tour for the second time in 2008, with special guest Danny Fernandes; thus began the Girlicious Tour.

The first set date was scheduled in Fredericton on October 15. Girlicious wrapped up their tour in Canada with Danny Fernandes at the beginning of November 2008 for the first leg. Girlicious started the second leg on March 5 and ending March 29. Danny Fernandes also Opened for them on the second leg as well.
2008 Speedway Grand Prix of Poland
The 2008 Speedway Grand Prix of Poland was the ninth race of the 2008 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on September 13 in the Polonia Stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland. The Grand Prix was won by Greg Hancock from United States, it was his first GP win of the 2008 season.

United States national speedway team
The United States national speedway team are an international motorcycle speedway team governed by the American Motorcyclist Association. They compete in the major international speedway competitions, including the Speedway World Cup and Speedway of Nations and the former events the Speedway World Team Cup and the Speedway World Pairs Championship.
White Flag Trade
The White Flag Trade was a trade made between two Major League Baseball teams in 1997. On July 31, 1997, the Chicago White Sox traded three veteran pitchers to the San Francisco Giants for six minor league players. At the time, the trade was maligned by the vast majority of White Sox fans, who saw it as a sign that owner Jerry Reinsdorf was giving up on the team, even while they were only 3+1⁄2 games behind the Cleveland Indians for the American League Central Division lead.

Reinsdorf defended the trade, saying that "anyone who thinks we can catch Cleveland is crazy", and the White Sox eventually finished 6 games out of 1st place in 1997. Although the team did win the Central Division title in 2000 with contributions from two of the players received in the trade, the trade remains one of the most contested in White Sox history.

1997 Major League Baseball season
The 1997 Major League Baseball season was the inaugural season for Interleague play, as well as the final season in the American League for the Milwaukee Brewers before moving to the NL the following season. The California Angels changed their name to the Anaheim Angels. The Florida Marlins ended the season (their fifth season in the majors) as the World Champions defeating the Cleveland Indians in a seven-game World Series, four games to three.
Pearl's Peril
Pearl’s Peril is a hidden object game developed by Berlin-based Wooga. It was launched on 5 March 2013 on the Facebook social media platform and on 5 September on iPad. Pearl’s Peril is Wooga’s sixth game, and was the company’s fastest growing game at the time. Wooga also released a soundtrack to the game.

Freemium
Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

The ethics of freemium, especially the free-to-play subset, were criticized by Touch Arcade and Business Insider in 2014 and 2015.
Pleurotus cystidiosus
Pleurotus cystidiosus, also known as abalone mushroom and maple oyster mushroom, is an edible species of fungus in the family Pleurotaceae, described as new to science by mycologist  Orson K. Miller Jr. in 1969. It can be cultivated, with spores and growing kits being available commercially. Antromycopsis macrocarpa (or A. broussonetiae) is the anamorphic form of this species.

Orson K. Miller Jr.
Orson Knapp Miller Jr. (December 19, 1930 – June 9, 2006) was an American mycologist. He published numerous papers in mycology and was responsible for the naming of many taxa, as well as being one of the authors erecting the genus Chroogomphus. He described Omphalotus olivascens, several species of Amanita, and the ghoul fungus Hebeloma aminophilum.

He married Hope Hartigan Miller in 1953; both were mycologists and published books, including at least one together. Hope died on September 26, 2018.
Saaleck (Naumburg)
Saaleck is a village in the former municipality of Bad Kösen, since 2010 part of the town of Naumburg in the district of Burgenlandkreis in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.

The castles Saaleck and Rudelsburg next to the village have been proposed by Germany for inscription in the List of World Heritage. The World Heritage nomination Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut is representative for the processes that shaped the continent during the High Middle Ages between 1000 and 1300: Christianization, the so-called “Landesausbau”  and the dynamics of cultural exchange and transfer characteristic for this very period.

Landesausbau
Landesausbau describes medieval settlement and cultivation processes in regions of Western Europe that were previously only sparsely populated or uninhabitable. By means of clearing of woods and drainage of wetlands, new agricultural areas and new settlement areas were created.

The processes of population expansion and resettlement led to an exchange of cultures and cultural diversity of languages, traditions and lifestyles. The Landesausbau changed the natural and cultural landscapes of Western Europe and continues to have an impact.

The terminology “inland colonization“ to describe the Landesausbau has raised controversies between historians because of the linguistic parallelism to modern colonialism.
Daasa
Daasa is a 2003 Indian Kannada-language vigilante action drama film directed and written by P. N. Sathya. The film stars Darshan and Amrutha, whilst Sathyajtih and Avinash play other pivotal roles.The film featured an original score and soundtrack composed by Sadhu Kokila. The film ran for a hundred days.

Vigilante film
The vigilante film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists engage in vigilante behavior, taking the law into their own hands. Vigilante films are usually revenge films in which the legal system fails protagonists, leading them to become vigilantes. The vigilante film has in recent years often crossed over with the superhero genre, due to character origin stories frequently involving an injustice having been committed against them.
Leukocidin
A leukocidin is a type of cytotoxin created by some types of bacteria (Staphylococcus). It is a type of pore-forming toxin. Leukocidins fall into the category of bacterial invasin. Invasins are enzymatic secretions that help bacteria invade the host tissue to which they are attached. Although similar to exotoxins, invasins are different in two respects: they work through much less specific mechanisms than exotoxins, and their actions are generally more localized.

Leukocidins get their names by killing ("-cide") leukocytes. Leukocidins target phagocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes, and therefore affect both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Integrin
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that help cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, and movement of new receptors to the cell membrane. The presence of integrins allows rapid and flexible responses to events at the cell surface (e.g. signal platelets to initiate an interaction with coagulation factors).

Several types of integrins exist, and one cell generally has multiple different types on its surface. Integrins are found in all animal cells while integrin-like receptors are found in plant cells.

Integrins work alongside other proteins such as cadherins, the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules, selectins and syndecans, to mediate cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction. Ligands for integrins include fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen and laminin.
Tomistoma cairense
Tomistoma cairense is an extinct species of gavialoid crocodilian from the Lutetian stage of the Eocene epoch. It lived in North East Africa, especially Egypt. Remains of T. cairense have been found in the Mokattam Formation, in Mokattam, Egypt. Tomistoma cairense did not have a Maxilla process within their lacrimal gland, whereas all extant (living) crocodilians do.

Mokattam Formation
The Mokattam Formation is a Middle Eocene-aged geological formation in northern Egypt. Consisting of nummulitic marine limestone outcropping across the Mokattam Hills, it has been extensively quarried from Ancient Egypt to the present day, and represents the source material for most of the famous archeological sites of Greater Cairo, most notably the Giza pyramid complex, the Great Sphinx, and much of Historic Cairo.

The age of the formation is thought to span from the late Lutetian to the Bartonian, depending on the member (Building Stone or Giushi). However, some authors treat the Giushi Member as its own geologic formation, which would restrict the Mokattam to just the Lutetian.

Numerous fossil fishes are known from this formation. Sirenian bones have been reported. This formation is the type locality of the early whales Protocetus atavus, and the sirenians Eotheroides aegyptiacus and Protosiren fraasi.
Volkmar Braunbehrens
Volkmar von Braunbehrens (born 22 March 1941 in Freiburg im Breisgau) is a German musicologist, specialising in research about Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Braunbehrens studied history of literature, musicology, and art history in Munich, Heidelberg and Berlin; he received his PhD from the Free University of Berlin in 1974. He is Privatdozent (associate professor) since 1981. In 1976, he co-founded, and until 1981 co-edited, the journal Berliner Hefte – Zeitschrift für Kultur und Politik; for many years, he was director of an art gallery in Berlin.

Braunbehrens is a former board member of the Humanist Union. He lives as a freelance author in Freiburg. His brother, Adrian Braunbehrens, is a writer and philologist.

History of literature
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment or education to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data (e.g., a check register) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above.
Stenoptilia kiitulo
Stenoptilia kiitulo is a moth of the family Pterophoroidea. It is found in Tanzania on heights of 2600 to 2700 metres. The species is named after the region of occurrence, the Kiitulo Plateau.

The wingspan is 19–22 mm. The moth flies in November and December.

Pterophoridae
The Pterophoridae or plume moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings, giving them the shape of a narrow winged airplane. Though they belong to the Apoditrysia like the larger moths and the butterflies, unlike these they are tiny and were formerly included among the assemblage called "microlepidoptera".
Killing of captives by the Islamic State
Soldiers and civilians (such as captives and "criminals") have been executed by the Islamic State (IS) by beheading, immolation, shooting, and other means. IS has released a number of propaganda/publicity videos of beheadings or shootings of captives. Houtat Sulūk is reported to be a mass grave.

Execution by shooting
Execution by shooting is a method of capital punishment in which a person is shot to death by one or more firearms. It is the most common method of execution worldwide, used in about 70 countries, with execution by firing squad being one particular form.

In most countries, execution by a firing squad has historically been considered a more honorable death and was used primarily for military personnel, though in some countries — among them Belarus, the only state in Europe today that has the death penalty — the single executioner shooting inherited from the Soviet past is still in use.