hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ricwin of Nantes
Ricwin, Ricuin, Richwin, or Richovin (died 25 June 841) was the Count of Nantes from 831 to 841. A Rihwinus comes witnessed the will of Charlemagne in 811.

A fidelis of Louis the Pious, Ricwin was named count in the Nantais and the Breton March after the exile of Lambert I. In 832, with Rainier, Bishop of Vannes, he opposed the creation of Redon Abbey by Saint Conwoïon, supported by Nominoë. Ricwin died in the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye fighting on the side of Charles the Bald.

Charles the Bald
Charles the Bald (French: Charles le Chauve; 13 June 823 – 6 October 877) was a king of West Francia (843–77), king of Italy (875–77) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–77). After a series of civil wars during the reign of his father, Louis the Pious, Charles succeeded, by the Treaty of Verdun (843), in acquiring the western third of the empire. He was a grandson of Charlemagne and the youngest son of Louis the Pious by his second wife, Judith.
Norman Brookes
Sir Norman Everard Brookes (14 November 1877 – 28 September 1968) was an Australian tennis player. During his career he won three Grand Slam singles titles; Wimbledon in 1907 and 1914 (the first non-British born individual to do so) and the Australasian Championships in 1911. Brookes was part of the Australasian Davis Cup team that won the title on six occasions. The Australian Open men's singles trophy, the Norman Brookes Challenge Cup, is named in his honour. After his active playing career Brookes became president of the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia.

International Tennis Hall of Fame
The International Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It honors both players and other contributors to the sport of tennis. The complex, the former Newport Casino, includes a museum, 13 grass tennis courts, an indoor tennis facility with three courts, three outdoor hard courts, one green clay court, a court tennis facility, and a theatre. The International Tennis Hall of Fame is a non-profit organization with the goal of preserving, celebrating, and inspiring the sport of tennis around the world.

The location was the original home of the U.S. National Championships (now called the US Open), established in 1881. Since 1976, the complex has hosted the Hall of Fame Open, a combined men's and women's event, each year in July.
Pardoxia graellsii
Pardoxia graellsii, the yellow drab, is a moth species in the family Nolidae first described by Joachim François Philibert Feisthamel in 1837. It is found in France, Spain, Turkey, Iraq, China, India, Myanmar, Cape Verde, the Comoros, Ethiopia, Ghana, Réunion, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, the Gambia, Yemen and Zimbabwe.

Larvae have been recorded feeding on Althaea officinalis, Lavatera olbia and Gossypium species.

Malva olbia
Malva olbia (previously known as Lavatera olbia), the garden tree mallow, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is native to the western Mediterranean, and has been introduced to California. A vigorous perennial shrub reaching 2.5 m (8 ft), the Royal Horticultural Society considers it to be a good plant to attract pollinators.
Chhoona Hai Aasmaan
Chhoona Hai Aasmaan (transl. Touch the Sky) is a Hindi television serial that aired on Star One. It is about six Indian air force officers who form a team called the HAWKS. Their duty is to save the country from terrorist attacks.

Star One (TV channel)
Star One was an Indian pay television channel based in Mumbai and owned by Star TV, with worldwide distribution handled by Fox International Channels. Launched on 1 November 2004, Star One was launched in the UK on Sky in November 2006.

Star One was rebranded as Life OK on 18 December 2011. Its British feed continued broadcasting in the UK and Ireland until 28 May 2012, when it was also rebranded as Star Life OK.
International Center on Deafness and the Arts
International Center on Deafness and the Arts (ICODA) is a non-profit organization based in Northbrook, Illinois, US. Patricia Scherer is the founder and president. Founded in 1973, the organization is a registered nonprofit, tax exempt, 501(c)(3) corporation.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
McConnell Dowell
McConnell Dowell is an infrastructure construction company founded in New Zealand in 1961. In 2003 it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Aveng, which is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange in South Africa.

JSE Limited
The JSE Limited (previously the JSE Securities Exchange and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, and commonly referred to as the JSE) is a stock exchange in South Africa, and the largest in Africa by market capitalization. It has been located in Sandton, Gauteng, since it moved from Johannesburg CBD in 2000.

As of January 2026, the JSE had a market capitalization of R24.22 trillion (roughly €1.27 trillion / £1.1 trillion / $1.48 trillion), and a total of 431 listed companies. In the same month, the FTSE/JSE All-Share Index (ALSI) hit 100,000 points - the highest since its foundation.

The JSE accounts for around 60% of Africa's total equity market value, with large, liquid, globally-integrated companies across numerous economic sectors. In terms of market cap, it is larger than the next nine ranking African stock exchanges combined.
Poly(trimethylene carbonate)
Poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) is an aliphatic polycarbonate synthesized from the 6-membered cyclic carbonate, trimethylene carbonate (1,3-propylene carbonate or 1,3-Dioxan-2-one). Trimethylene carbonate (TMC) is a colorless crystalline solid with melting point ranging between 45°C and 48 °C and boiling point at 255°C (at 760 mmHg). TMC is originally synthesized from 1,3-propanediol with phosgene or carbon monoxide, which are highly poisonous gases. Another route is from the transesterification of 1,3-propanediol and dialkylcarbonates. This route is considered "greener" compared to the other one, since precursors can be obtained from renewable resources and carbon dioxide.

Transesterification
Transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic functional group R″ of an ester with the organic group R' of an alcohol. These reactions are often catalyzed by the addition of an acid or base catalyst. Strong acids catalyze the reaction by donating a proton to the carbonyl group, thus making it a more potent electrophile. Bases catalyze the reaction by removing a proton from the alcohol, thus making it more nucleophilic. The reaction can also be accomplished with the help of enzymes, particularly lipases (one example is the lipase E.C.3.1.1.3).

If the alcohol produced by the reaction can be separated from the reactants by distillation this will drive the equilibrium toward the products. This means that esters with larger alkoxy groups can be made from methyl or ethyl esters in high purity by heating the mixture of ester, acid/base, and large alcohol.
Finasteride/latanoprost/minoxidil
Finasteride/latanoprost/minoxidil (developmental code name TH-07 or TH07) is a topical combination drug which is under development for the treatment of alopecia (hair loss). It is specifically a combination of finasteride (Propecia) (0.1%), a 5α-reductase inhibitor (5α-RI); latanoprost (Xalatan) (0.03%), a prostaglandin F2α analogue and prostaglandin F receptor agonist; and minoxidil (Rogaine) (5%), a KATP potassium channel opener. All three of these drugs have individually been shown to stimulate hair growth in the setting of alopecia, and both finasteride and minoxidil are approved and widely used for treatment of alopecia. Finasteride/latanoprost/minoxidil is under development by Triple Hair. As of December 2023, the drug is in phase 2 clinical trials.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
State Road 26 (Serbia)
State Road 26 is an IB-class road in northern and central Serbia, connecting Belgrade with Bosnia and Herzegovina at Mali Zvornik. It is located in Belgrade and Šumadija and Western Serbia regions.

Before the new road categorization regulation given in 2013, the route wore the following names: M 19, M 14.1 and M 4 (before 2012) / 21 and 13 (after 2012).

The existing route is a main road with two traffic lanes. By the valid Space Plan of Republic of Serbia the road is not planned for upgrading to motorway, and is expected to be conditioned in its current state.

Šumadija and Western Serbia
The Šumadija and Western Serbia (Serbian: Шумадија и западна Србија, romanized: Šumadija i zapadna Srbija) is one of the five statistical regions of Serbia. It is also a Level-2 statistical region according to the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS).
Nabil Na'eem
Nabeel Naeem Abdul Fattah (Arabic: نبيل نعيم عبد الفتاح) is the founder of the Democratic Jihad Party as well as a contributor to Asharq Al-Awsat. He was also the leader of Egyptian Islamic Jihad from 1988 until 1992.

He was arrested by Egypt in 1991 and not released until the 2011 Egyptian revolution. He and Ismail Nasr wrote up a document abandoning violence towards the state,  though it did not gain much support, partly because he was not theologically qualified. The revisions of Sayyid Imam al-Sharif were more widely accepted among members of Egyptian Islamic Jihad.

Democratic Jihad Party
The Democratic Jihad Party was an Egyptian political party made up of former members of the group Egyptian Islamic Jihad; it was also made up of members of other "former jihadist groups". The party is also known as the Islamic Democratic Jihad Party, as well as the Islamist Jihadi Party. A member of the party has stated that the party has "failed". The party has stated that it supported Ahmed Shafiq in the 2012 presidential election; Sabra Ibrahim, a deputy founder in the party, stated that the party gave its support to Shafiq in order to prevent the establishment of a theocratic state ruled by the Muslim Brotherhood. The party condemned the attack in August 2012 that killed 16 soldiers, saying that it was committed by “sinful terrorist[s].” Yasser Saad is now a member of an umbrella coalition of former jihadis, ex-members of the Muslim Brotherhood and ex-al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya members called the Moderate Front.
2023 Monte-Carlo Masters – Doubles
Ivan Dodig and Austin Krajicek defeated Romain Arneodo and Sam Weissborn in the final, 6–0, 4–6, [14–12] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2023 Monte Carlo Masters. The pair saved two championship points en route to the title and earned Dodig his sixth ATP Masters 1000 title, Krajicek his first, and the duo their fifth career title together. Arneodo was contending to become the first Monegasque champion of the tournament in the Open Era.

Rajeev Ram and Joe Salisbury were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Arneodo and Weissborn.

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.
Sveti Marko Island
Sveti Marko Island (Montenegrin: Острво Свети Марко, romanized: Ostrvo Sveti Marko, lit. 'Island of Saint Mark'), historically known as Stradioti (Страдиоти), is an island on the Adriatic Sea, in the Montenegrin municipality of Tivat.

Bay of Kotor
The Bay of Kotor (Serbo-Croatian: Boka kotorska / Бока которска, Italian: Bocche di Cattaro), also known as the Gulf of Kotor or just as the Boka (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Бока), is a winding bay of the Adriatic Sea in southwestern Montenegro and the region of Montenegro concentrated around the bay. It is also the southernmost part of the historical region of Dalmatia. At the entrance to the Bay there is Prevlaka, a small peninsula in southern Croatia. The bay has been inhabited since antiquity. Its well-preserved medieval towns of Kotor, Risan, Tivat, Perast, Prčanj and Herceg Novi, along with their natural surroundings, are major tourist attractions. The Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Its numerous Orthodox and Catholic churches and monasteries attract numerous religious pilgrims and other visitors.
Nick Sinai
Nick Sinai is a venture capitalist, adjunct faculty at Harvard Kennedy School, author, and a former senior official in the Obama Administration.

Nick Sinai was the Deputy Chief Technology Officer of the United States. He assumed this role under the second Chief Technology Officer of the United States, Todd Park, and continued under Megan Smith. Sinai was formerly a senior advisor to Park as well as to the first U.S. CTO, Aneesh Chopra, starting in 2010.

Sinai was a volunteer on the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign and was selected to the leadership team of her Tech and Innovation transition team. During the campaign, he contributed to the Hillary for America policy proposal on technology and innovation and a policy memo on transforming procurement.

Sinai is a regular contributor to the TV Show Government Matters, and has been quoted in the Wall Street Journal and the Economist.

United States Digital Service
The United States Digital Service (USDS) is a technology unit housed within the Executive Office of the President of the United States and established by Congressional appropriations. In 2025, it was "publicly renamed" and reorganized as the United States DOGE Service, which included the self-styled Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), according to Executive Order 14158; in November 2025, USOPM stated that DOGE didn't exist with 8 months left on its charter.
Peace Country Health Region
Peace Country Health Region was the governing body for healthcare regulation in an area of the Canadian province of Alberta until 2008 when the regional health authorities were merged into the province-wide Alberta Health Services.  The area region included the communities of:

Beaverlodge

Rycroft

Spirit River

Saddle Hills County

Fairview

Hines Creek

Fox Creek

Grande Cache

Grande Prairie

Grimshaw

Berwyn

High Prairie

Hythe

Manning

Nampa

Northern Sunrise County

Peace River

Sexsmith

Buffalo Lake

Teepee Creek

Donnelly

Falher

Girouxville

Falher
Falher (/fəˈlɛər/; fə-LAIR, French pronunciation: [fɑlɛːʁ]) is a town in the Peace Country area of Alberta, Canada. It is located in the Municipal District of Smoky River No. 130, along Highway 49. Falher is one of the earliest agricultural communities in the Peace River Country, and still acts as the commercial centre of the surrounding Smoky River Region, with which it shares much of its history. Falher is notable for its sizable francophone population, having the highest percentage of French speakers of any municipality in Western Canada, with 52% able to speak the language as of 2021.
Eugene Pechet
Eugene Pechet (September 22, 1916 – August 23, 2008) was a Canadian hotelier and banker. He bought his first hotel in 1942 and went on to build and operate 25 hotels throughout Western Canada and the United States.

Hotel manager
A hotel manager, hotelier, or lodging manager is a person who manages the operation of a hotel, motel, resort, or other lodging-related establishment. Management of a hotel operation includes, but is not limited to: management of hotel staff, business management, upkeep and sanitary standards of hotel facilities, guest satisfaction and customer service, marketing management, sales management, revenue management, financial accounting, purchasing, and other functions. The title "hotel manager" or "hotelier" often refers to the hotel's general manager who serves as a hotel's head executive, though their duties and responsibilities vary depending on the hotel's size, purpose, and expectations from ownership. The hotel's general manager is often supported by subordinate department managers that are responsible for individual departments and key functions of the hotel operations.
David D. Burns
David D. Burns (born September 19, 1942) is an American psychiatrist and adjunct professor emeritus in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He is the author of bestselling books such as Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy, The Feeling Good Handbook and Feeling Great: The Revolutionary New Treatment for Depression and Anxiety.

Burns popularized Albert Ellis's and Aaron T. Beck's cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) when his books became bestsellers during the 1980s. In a January 2021 interview, Burns attributed his rise in popularity and much of his success to an appearance in 1988 on The Phil Donahue Show, to which he was invited by the producer after helping her teenage son with depression.

The Phil Donahue Show
The Phil Donahue Show is an American daytime talk show that was hosted by Phil Donahue. The show ran for 29 seasons from November 6, 1967, to September 13, 1996, in which it broadcast 6,715 episodes. Before it was placed in syndication in 1970, it was broadcast as a local program on WLWD. Each episode featured Donahue interviewing a panel of guests over different topics. Donahue heavily encouraged participation among audience members.
Challapata Airport
Challapata Airport (ICAO: SLCL) is a high-elevation airport serving the city of Challapata in the Oruro Department of Bolivia.

The airport is 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northwest of the city. There is mountainous terrain nearby to the east.

Challapata
Challapata is the capital of the Eduardo Abaroa Province as well as of the Challapata Municipality in the Oruro Department in Bolivia. It lies at an altitude of 3,738 m above sea level on the edge of the 250-acre (1.0 km2) flood plain of the river on the east bank of the Tacagua Poopó Lake. Challapata is located half way of the road and railway connection from Oruro to Potosí, about 130 kilometers from both cities. Directly southeast of the city rises the Cerro Azanaques, with 5102 m the highest peak in the Azanaques Mountain Range (Cordillera de Azanaques).
Laiwu
Laiwu (simplified Chinese: 莱芜; traditional Chinese: 萊蕪; pinyin: Láiwú) was a prefecture-level city in central Shandong Province, China. Bordered the provincial capital of Jinan to the north, Zibo to the east and Tai'an to the southwest, it was the smallest prefecture-level city in the province. It had a population of 1,298,529 as of the 2010 census, all living in the built-up (or metro) area made of 2 urban Districts and became part of Jinan in 2019 and 907,839 living in urban area.

Provinces of China
Provinces (Chinese: 省; pinyin: Shěng) are the most numerous type of province-level divisions, the first-level subdivisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC). There are currently 22 provinces administered by the PRC, and one further province that is claimed but not administered, which is Taiwan.

The local governments of Chinese provinces consist of a Provincial People's Government headed by a governor that acts as the executive, a Provincial People's Congress with legislative powers, and a parallel provincial branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that elects a party secretary and a provincial standing committee.
Harlan True Stetson
Harlan True Stetson FRAS (28 June 1885–14 October 1964) was an American astronomer and physicist.

He earned a B.S. from Brown University in 1912, a M.A. from Dartmouth College, then a Ph.D. at Harvard University in 1915. His thesis was titled, On an Apparatus and Method for Thermo-Electric Measurements for Photographic Photometry.

Stetson joined Dartmouth in 1918 to teach physics, then moved to Harvard where he taught astronomy until 1929. He then became the director of the Perkins Observatory in Delaware, Ohio. Stetson is an honorary member of Sigma Pi Sigma.

In 1936 he joined the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He directed the MIT Cosmic Terrestrial Research Laboratory from 1940 until 1950, and performed research into the relationship between the cosmos and the Earth. His studies included sunspots, the Earth's crust, and the propagation of radio waves.

The crater Stetson on the Moon is named in his honor.

Delaware, Ohio
Delaware is a city in Delaware County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located near the center of Ohio, about 30 miles (48 km) north of Columbus as part of the Columbus metropolitan area. The population was 41,302 at the 2020 census. Delaware was founded in 1808 and was incorporated in 1816.
Shelbyville High School (Indiana)
The Shelbyville High School is a historic school complex located at Shelbyville, Indiana. The high school was designed by architects William Butts Ittner and built in 1911.  It is a two-story, Neoclassical style brick building on a raised basement.  Attached to the high school is the similarly styled, 2+1⁄2-story junior high school designed by Elmer E. Dunlap and built in 1917.  The Arts and Crafts inspired two-story, brick gymnasium was added in 1922.  A shop addition was constructed in 1942, and was connected to the junior high school by a concrete block addition in 1977. The school buildings have been converted to apartments and the gymnasium is used for community recreational activities.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

William B. Ittner
William Butts Ittner (September 4, 1864 – 1936) was an American architect in St. Louis, Missouri. He designed over 430 school buildings in Missouri and other areas, was president of the St. Louis Chapter of the American Institute of Architects from 1893 to 1895, was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Missouri in 1930, served as president of the Architectural League of America during 1903–04, and at the time of his death was president of the St. Louis Plaza Commission, a fellow and life member of the American Institute of Architects, and a thirty-third degree Mason. He was described as the most influential man in school architecture in the United States and has a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame. He was appointed St. Louis School Board commissioner in 1897 and is said to have designed open buildings that featured "natural lighting, inviting exteriors, and classrooms tailored to specific needs." In 1936, Ittner died.