hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jonas Bretkūnas
Jonas Bretkūnas, Johann(es) Bretke, also known as Bretkus (born 1536 in Bammeln near Friedland – 1602 Königsberg was a Lutheran pastor and was one of the best known developers of the written Lithuanian language. He translated the Bible into Lithuanian, was the author of twelve Lithuanian books, and a historian as well.

Pravdinsky District
Pravdinsky District (Russian: Пра́вдинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,300 square kilometers (500 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Pravdinsk. Population: 19,061 (2010 Census); 21,076 (2002 Census); 19,555 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pravdinsk accounts for 22.7% of the district's total population.
Comparison of butterflies and moths
A common classification of the Lepidoptera involves their differentiation into butterflies and moths.  Butterflies are a natural monophyletic group, historically treated as the suborder Rhopalocera, which includes Papilionoidea (true butterflies), Hesperiidae (skippers), and Hedylidae (butterfly moths). In this taxonomic scheme, moths formed the suborder Heterocera. Other taxonomic schemes have been proposed, the most common putting the butterflies into the suborder Ditrysia and then the "superfamily" Papilionoidea and ignoring a classification for moths.

Castniidae
Castniidae, or castniid moths, is a small family of moths with fewer than 200 species: The majority are Neotropical with some in Australia and a few in south-east Asia. These are medium-sized to very large moths, usually with drab, cryptically marked forewings and brightly coloured hindwings. They have clubbed antennae and are day flying, and are often mistaken for butterflies. Indeed, some previous classification systems placed this family within the butterflies or skippers. The Neotropical species are commonly known as giant butterfly-moths, the Australian and Asian species as sun moths. The larvae are internal feeders, often on roots of epiphytes or on monocotyledons.
Annular cutter
An annular cutter (also called a core drill, core cutter, broach cutter, trepanning drill, hole saw, or cup-type cutter) is a form of core drill used to create holes in metal. An annular cutter, named after the annulus shape, cuts only a groove at the periphery of the hole and leaves a solid core or slug at the center.

An annular cutter is a more expensive and efficient alternative to spiral drill bits and standard hole saws. An annular cutter is similar to a hole saw but differs in geometry and material. The two most common types are high-speed steel (HSS) and tungsten carbide tipped (TCT).

Like a hole saw, but unlike a spiral drill bit, an annular cutter cuts only the periphery of a hole, leaving a circular "slug" at the center.

Annular cutters are best used with a drill press or magnetic drilling machine, both for their stability against high torque forces created by such a drill bit and lower RPMs compared to other types of drills.

Structural steel
Structural steel is steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes. Many structural steel shapes take the form of an elongated beam having a profile of a specific cross section. Structural steel shapes, sizes, chemical composition, mechanical properties such as strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated by standards in most industrialized countries.

Structural steel shapes, such as I-beams, have high second moments of area, so can support a high load without excessive sagging.
James Colquhoun Campbell
James Colquhoun Campbell (27 December 1813 – 9 November 1895) was a Welsh Anglican bishop.

Born at Stonefield, Argyllshire, he was the son of John Campbell and his wife Wilhelmina, the daughter of Sir James Colquhoun, 2nd Baronet. Campbell was educated in Chester and then at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1836, M.A. in 1839, D.D. in 1859.

Campbell was Rector of St Nicholas, Cardiff in 1839, then became vicar in Roath in 1840 and was subsequently appointed rector in Merthyr Tydfil in 1844. He was nominated Archdeacon of Llandaff in 1857 and was consecrated 70th Bishop of Bangor in 1859. After more than thirty years in this post, Campbell retired in 1890 and died at Hastings five years later.

In 1840, he married Blanche, the daughter of John Bruce Pryce and sister of Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare.

Roath
Roath (Welsh: Y Rhath) is a district and community to the north-east of the city centre of Cardiff, capital of Wales.
The area is mostly covered by the Plasnewydd electoral ward, and stretches from Adamsdown in the south to Roath Park in the north.
Portrait of Michel Leiris (1976)
Portrait of Michel Leiris (sometimes Study for Portrait of Michel Leiris) is a 1976 oil-on-canvas-panel painting by the Irish-born British artist Francis Bacon. It is the first of two portraits Bacon made of his  close friend, the French surrealist writer and anthropologist Michel Leiris; the second followed in 1978.

The painting has been in the collection of the Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris, since it was gifted by Michel and Louise Leiris in 1984. It was described by art critic and curator David Sylvester as "easily Bacon's finest portrait in close-up".

Michel Leiris
Julien Michel Leiris (French: [lɛʁis]; 20 April 1901, Paris – 30 September 1990, Saint-Hilaire, Essonne) was a French surrealist writer and ethnographer. Part of the Surrealist group in Paris, Leiris became a key member of the College of Sociology with Georges Bataille and head of research in ethnography at the CNRS.
Royal City Avenue
Royal City Avenue or RCA is one of Bangkok's largest entertainment and
clubbing areas.
Located on in Huai Khwang district, RCA is a long street located between Rama IX Road and Phetchaburi Road. It contains a multitude of bars, nightclubs and live music venues. RCA is owned and operated by Narai Ruamphiphat Co., Ltd.

The Royal City Avenue project, covering 62 rai (25,000 square wah), is managed by Narai Ruampipat Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Bangkok Bank Group, on a 30-year lease from the State Railway of Thailand. The lease expired in October 2022. The State Railway of Thailand has temporarily renewed the lease on a year-to-year basis while SRT Asset Co., Ltd. conducts a development study and opens new bids. The temporary lease expires in 2024.

State Railway of Thailand
The State Railway of Thailand (SRT; Thai: การรถไฟแห่งประเทศไทย, abbrev. รฟท., RTGS: kan rot fai haeng prathet thai) is the state-owned rail operator under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transport in Thailand.
Battle of the San Gabriels
The Battle of the San Gabriels was an 1839 skirmish in the Texas–Indian wars.

The battle began on 17 May 1839. A company of Texas Rangers under Lt. James O. Rice had pursued the Mexican agent Manuel Flores and his party of Mexicans and Indians, following their murder of four surveyors working between Seguin and San Antonio, Texas. Battle was commenced on the north San Gabriel River, after the 2 day pursuit. In the first charge, Flores was killed and his company fled, abandoning a supply train intended to equip the Indians of East Texas for a revolt against the Texians. In the captured baggage, Rice discovered letters between Flores and Vicente Córdova as well as instructions from Mexican general Valentín Canalizo, detailing the Córdova Rebellion. These letters contradicted The Bowl's previous denials of involvement with Córdova's revolt and led to the Cherokee War.

A marker was placed near the site in 1936.

The Bowl (Cherokee chief)
The Bowl (also Chief Bowles or Bowls); John Watts Bowles (Cherokee: Di'wali) (ca. 1756 – July 16, 1839) was one of the leaders of the Chickamauga Cherokee during the Cherokee–American wars, served as a Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation–West, and was a leader of the Texas Cherokees (Tshalagiyi nvdagi).
Time in Syria
Time in Syria is given by Arabia Standard Time (AST) (UTC+03:00).

On October 4, 2022, Syria abolished daylight saving time (DST). Prior to that date, Syria used EET (UTC+02:00) and observed DST, as EEST (UTC+03:00). Transition dates had in general been last Friday of March (sometimes first Friday of April) to last Friday of October, or before 2006 1 April to 1 October with variations. This was similar, but not same as the European Union, where transition dates are on Sundays.

Daylight saving time
Daylight saving time (DST), also referred to as daylight savings time, daylight time (United States and Canada), or summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks to make better use of the longer daylight available during summer so that darkness falls at a later clock time. The typical implementation of DST is to adjust clocks ahead of standard time by one hour in spring or late winter, and to set clocks back by one hour in the autumn (or fall in North American English, hence the mnemonic: "spring forward and fall back").

In many countries, the part of the year when DST is observed is much longer than the part aligned to standard time. The practice of DST was first tested in the early 20th century. Many countries, such as Russia and Mexico, have abandoned DST entirely.
Haemophilus felis
Haemophilus felis is a Gram-negative species of bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae. A strain of this species was originally isolated from the respiratory tract of a cat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, though it was also found in healthy cats. The species may be closely related (on the basis of rpoB sequence) to Pasteurella multocida.

RpoB
The rpoB gene encodes the β subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase and the homologous plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP). It codes for 1342 amino acids in E. coli, making it the second-largest polypeptide in the bacterial cell. It is targeted by the rifamycin family of antibacterials, such as rifampin.  Mutations in rpoB that confer resistance to rifamycins do so by altering the protein's drug-binding residues, thereby reducing affinity for these antibiotics.

Some bacteria contain multiple copies of the 16S rRNA gene, which is commonly used as the molecular marker to study phylogeny. In these cases, the single-copy rpoB gene can be used to study microbial diversity.

An inhibitor of transcription in bacteria, tagetitoxin, also inhibits PEP, showing that the complex found in plants is very similar to the homologous enzyme in bacteria.
Mickey's Dangerous Chase
Mickey's Dangerous Chase, known in Japan as Mickey's Chase  (Japanese: ミッキーズ・チェイス), is a platform video game developed by Now Production for the Game Boy. It was released in North America in 1991 and Europe in 1992 by Capcom and Japan in December 1992 by Kemco; it was later re-released by Nintendo under the Player's Choice brand, making it one of the first games to be sold under the brand.

Kemco
Kemco Co., Ltd. (株式会社ケムコ, Kabushiki gaisha Kemuko), from Kotobuki Engineering & Manufacturing Co., Ltd., is a Japanese video game developer and publisher established in 1984. It is headquartered in Kure, Hiroshima.

Its best known franchises are the Kid Klown and Top Gear series, the latter developed by Sheffield-based English developers Gremlin Graphics.
2023 European Champions Cup (baseball)
The 2023 European Champions Cup was a European baseball competition, held from 4 to 10 June 2023, in Amsterdam and Bussum, Netherlands. This is the sixtieth iteration of the Cup since its inaugural tournament in 1963.

It featured the top eight professional baseball teams on the continent, and it was the first tier of the four competitions organized by WBSC Europe, alongside the second-tier Confederation Cup, third-tier Federation Cup, and fourth-tier Federation Cup Qualifiers, all of which operate with a promotion and relegation system for its federations.

The defending champions were Italian club Parma. The last place at the end of the tournament was relegated to the 2024 second-tier Confederation Cup.

HCAW Bussum won the tournament after defeating Parma in the final, 11–4. Amsterdam Pirates claimed the bronze, defeating Bonn Capitals 12–6 in the third place game. HCAW outfielder Victor Draijer was honored with the Most Valuable Player award of the tournament.

Bussum
Bussum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbʏsʏm] ⓘ) is a commuter town to the east of Amsterdam, and former municipality in the Gooi region in the south east of the province of North Holland in the Netherlands near Hilversum. Since 2016, Bussum has been part of the new municipality of Gooise Meren.

Bussum had a population of 33,595 in 2019 and covered an area of 8.15 km2 (3.15 sq mi).
Ian Griffiths (businessman)
Ian Ward Griffiths (born 1966) is a British businessman. He is a non-executive director of BBC Commercial and a Senior Adviser to Bain Capital.

Between 2020 and 2022 he was the CFO and deputy CEO of Kantar Group, a global data analytics and brand consulting company. During this time, he led the restructuring of the business following its acquisition from WPP plc by Bain Capital.

Ascential
Ascential (formerly EMAP) was a British-headquartered global company, specialising in events, intelligence and advisory services for the marketing and financial technology industries. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Informa in October 2024.
Vermilion Lake (Temagami)
Vermilion Lake, sometimes incorrectly spelled Vermillion Lake, was a natural lake located 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of the village of Temagami in Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada. It occupied the southwestern corner of geographic Strathy Township until it was dewatered in 1967 to provide initial tailings storage for the then developing Sherman Mine.

Nipissing District
Nipissing District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1858. The district seat is North Bay.

In 2021, the population was 84,716. The land area is 16,986.20 square kilometres (6,558.41 sq mi); the population density was 5.0 per square kilometre (13/sq mi), making it one of the most densely populated districts in northern Ontario.
California Tour
The California Tour was a headlining concert tour by American rock band Blink-182 in support of the group's seventh studio album, California (2016). The tour began on July 21, 2016 in San Diego, California and ended on September 22, 2017, in Las Vegas, Nevada. Prior to the tour, the group embarked on the We Are Pirates Tour, performing at several festivals and amphitheaters between May and July 2016. Support acts on the initial, first leg of the California tour included A Day to Remember, and the All-American Rejects and All Time Low on certain dates. A second European tour in mid-2017 included guests Frank Turner, the Front Bottoms, and SWMRS.

The California Tour grossed more than $28.9 million from its first 58 shows with a total attendance of 745,395.

The Front Bottoms
The Front Bottoms are an American rock band from Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey, formed in 2006. They are currently a duo consisting of lead vocalist and guitarist Brian Sella and drummer Mat Uychich. During live performances, they are currently accompanied by touring members, including guitarist and backing vocalist AJ Peacox, bassist and backing vocalist Natalie Newbold, and bassist, guitarist and backing vocalist Erik Kase Romero.

Their music has also been described as rock, indie rock, folk punk and, according to Sella, indie pop or acoustic pop. Lyrically, their music has also been described as being adjacent to Midwest emo.
Universal Destinations & Experiences
Universal Destinations & Experiences (UDX), formerly Universal Parks & Resorts, is the theme park unit of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast.

The company, headquartered in Orlando, Florida operates Universal theme parks and resort properties around the world. Universal Destinations & Experiences is widely known for its wide range of attractions, themed lands, and other experiences that draw inspiration from popular classic and modern pop culture icons and intellectual properties in various media, both from NBCUniversal and third-party companies across all Universal parks.

Salou
Salou (Catalan pronunciation: [səˈlɔw]) is a resort town and municipality of the comarca of Tarragonès, in the province of Tarragona, in Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 30,810 (register office, 2024) . The city is approximately 10 km from Tarragona and Reus on the Costa Daurada and 112 km from Barcelona.

Founded by the Greeks in the 6th century B.C., the coastal town was a notable commercial port during medieval and modern ages. Throughout the 20th century, Salou became an important European tourist attraction.

Aside from its string of beaches interrupted by rocky coves, and its landscaped promenade, one of its main attractions is the PortAventura World resort. The Dutch movie Costa! and the television series with the same title were both filmed in Salou.
Christopher Norton
Christopher Garth Norton (born June 22, 1953) is a British-Canadian pianist and composer of jazz music. His pieces are standard in piano learning repertoire, especially the ABRSM and The Royal Conservatory of Music.

Boosey & Hawkes
Boosey & Hawkes is a British music publisher, purported to be the largest specialist classical music publisher in the world. Until 2003, it was also a major manufacturer of brass, string and woodwind musical instruments.

Formed in 1930 through the merger of two well-established British music businesses, Boosey & Hawkes controls the copyright to much major 20th-century music, including works by Leonard Bernstein, Benjamin Britten, Aaron Copland, Sergei Prokofiev, and Igor Stravinsky. It also publishes many prominent contemporary composers, including John Adams, Karl Jenkins, James MacMillan, Mark-Anthony Turnage, and Steve Reich.

With subsidiaries in Berlin and New York, the company also sells sheet music via its online shop.
Tourism Corporation of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Tourism Corporation Khyber Pakhtunkhwa set up as a limited company in 1991 to develop Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's tourism potential.
It offers a variety of services in key tourist sites in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, as well as visits to attend the Shandur Polo Festival as well as to famous Buddhist monasteries like Takht-i-Bhai and Peshawar's old city historical sites like Sethi Mohallah.

Sethi Mohallah
Sethi Mohallah (Hindko and Urdu: سیٹھی محلہ), sometimes called Sethian Mohallah and Kucha Sethian, is an old mohallah (traditional neighbourhood) in the walled city of Peshawar, Pakistan. The neighbourhood contains seven surviving havelis (mansions) built by the Sethi family in a style reminiscent of Central Asia with elaborate wooden carvings. The houses were built over a period of one century, from c. 1800 – 1910.
GENCODE
GENCODE is a scientific project in genome research and part of the ENCODE (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements) scale-up project.

The GENCODE consortium was initially formed as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE project to identify and map all protein-coding genes within the ENCODE regions (approx. 1% of Human genome). Given the initial success of the project, GENCODE now aims to build an "Encyclopedia of genes and genes variants".

The result will be a set of annotations including all protein-coding loci with alternatively transcribed variants, non-coding loci  with transcript evidence, and pseudogenes.

Non-coding DNA
Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, microRNA, piRNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNAs). Other functional regions of the non-coding DNA fraction include regulatory sequences that control gene expression; scaffold attachment regions; origins of DNA replication; centromeres; and telomeres. Some non-coding regions appear to be mostly nonfunctional, such as introns, pseudogenes, intergenic DNA, and fragments of transposons and viruses. Regions that are completely nonfunctional are called junk DNA.
Pat Ashworth
Pat Ashworth SRN, SCM, FRCN, FFNRCSI (1930 – 26 January 2023) was a British nursing sister who specialised in intensive care.

Ashworth qualified at Kent County Ophthalmic and Aural Hospital, Guy's Hospital, Jessop Hospital and Nether Edge Hospital.

Ashworth worked in a number of nursing roles until 1973, then a Department of Health and Social Security fellowship until 1976, followed by a joint clinical/academic post at Manchester Royal Infirmary and the University of Manchester until 1979.

Ashworth was Manchester's research programme manager at their WHO collaborating centre for nursing from 1979 to 1985; then a senior lecturer in nursing at the University of Ulster from 1985 to 1990.

Ashworth served as founding editor of the journal Intensive Care Nursing (later Intensive and Critical Care Nursing) from 1985 to 2000.

In 1979 she was awarded Fellowship of the Royal College of Nursing.

Ashworth died in Portstewart, Northern Ireland on 26 January 2023.

Manchester Royal Infirmary
Manchester Royal Infirmary (MRI) is a large NHS teaching hospital in Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester, England. Founded by Charles White in 1752 as part of the voluntary hospital movement of the 18th century, it is now a major regional and national medical centre.

It is the largest hospital within Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, and based on its Oxford Road Campus in central Manchester where it shares a site with the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital and Saint Mary's Hospital as well as several other educational and research facilities. The hospital is also a key site for medical education within Manchester, serving as a main teaching hospital for the School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester.
Ambalahosy Nord
Ambalahosy Nord is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Mananjary, which is a part of Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 3,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. It is also a site of industrial-scale  mining. The majority 99.84% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crops are coffee and rice, while other important agricultural products are bananas and cassava. Services provide employment for 0.06% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 0.1% of the population.

Fitovinany
Fitovinany is a region located in southeast Madagascar. Its capital is Manakara. It is inhabited by the Antemoro people. The region border is based on the historical region of Matatana or Matitana.

It formerly belonged to the region Vatovavy-Fitovinany that was split on 16 June 2021 to become the regions Vatovavy and Fitovinany.

The region extends along the southern part of the east coast of Madagascar. It is bordered by Vatovavy (North), Haute Matsiatra (West) and Atsimo-Atsinanana (South).