hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karpinsky Group
The Karpinsky Group (Russian: Вулкан Карпинского) is a volcanic group located at the southern end of Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia. The group is capped by two gently sloping cones rising to a height of 1,326 m. They are composed of andesites and andesite-basalts. In the two craters there are fumaroles and fountains of liquid sulfur. The last major, and only historic, eruption was in 1952. The sides of the volcanoes have been heavily glaciated leaving a number of cirques which were initially thought to be eroded craters.  The volcanoes were named after the geologist Aleksandr Petrovich Karpinsky.

Glacial period
A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state.
George Blaikie
George Neil Blaikie (5 May 1915 – 12 October 1995) was an Australian author and journalist.

Blaikie was born in Sydney and educated at Sydney Grammar School and Melbourne University.  He joined Smith's Weekly in December 1931, after his bank manager father had impressed on Smith's Weekly owner Joynton Smith, a customer, what an asset the boy would be. Blaikie was still with the paper in October 1950 when it closed.

Blaikie later worked for The Courier-Mail in Brisbane.  His series Our Strange Past began in 1951 in The Mail as a continuation of the series Famous Disasters and in 1952 in The Western Mail and was syndicated across Australia. It ran for 34 years as feature in The Australian. He also ran a feature "Great Women of History" in The Australian Women's Weekly in 1982.

James Joynton Smith
Sir James John Joynton Smith KBE, JP (4 October 1858 – 10 October 1943), commonly referred to simply as Joynton Smith, was an Australian hotelier, racecourse and newspaper owner, and Lord Mayor of Sydney.
Edward Villiers (Master of the Mint)
Sir Edward Villiers (c. 1585 – 7 September 1626) was an English nobleman from Leicestershire and member of the Villiers family, whose younger half-brother George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, was a favourite of both James VI and I and his son Charles. Through his influence, Sir Edward gained various positions, including Master of the Mint, Member of Parliament for Westminster and Lord President of Munster. He died in Ireland in September 1626.

St Mary's Collegiate Church, Youghal
The Collegiate Church of Saint Mary the Virgin, also known as St Mary's Collegiate Church, is a large Anglican church in Youghal, east County Cork, Ireland. Dating to roughly 1220 and dedicated to the Virgin Mary, it is part of Youghal Union of Parishes, in the United Dioceses of Cork, Cloyne and Ross.

St Mary's RMP (Record of Monuments and Places) number is CO067-029003.
Myrae
Myrae or Myrai (Ancient Greek: Μύραι) was a town of Magnesia, ancient Thessaly, on the Aegean coast between Eurymenae and Homolion. Eurymenae was located between Rhizus and Myrae.

The town's location has not been ascertained.

Ancient Thessaly
Thessaly or Thessalia (Attic Greek: Θεσσαλία, Thessalía or Θετταλία, Thettalía) was one of the traditional regions of Ancient Greece. During the Mycenaean period, Thessaly was known as Aeolia, a name that continued to be used for one of the major tribes of Greece, the Aeolians, and their dialect of Greek, Aeolic.
Alberton railway station, Victoria
Alberton was a railway station on the South Gippsland railway line, which originally terminated at Port Albert in South Gippsland, Victoria. The station was opened on 13 January 1892, and closed on 6 June 1981. Alberton was the junction for the extension of the South Gippsland railway line to Woodside in the early 1920s. The line between Alberton and Port Albert closed in the 1940s.

South Gippsland
South Gippsland, a region of Gippsland in Victoria, Australia, is a well-watered region consisting of low, rolling hills descending to the coast in the south and the Latrobe Valley in the north. It is part of the larger Gippsland Basin bioregion.
Alpinist Unit
The Alpinist Unit Hebrew: יחידת האלפיניסטים, Yehidat Ha'Alpinistim) is a special forces mountain infantry reserve unit of the 810th Heharim Regional Brigade, under the command of the 210th Division "Bashan", Northern Command focusing on clandestine operations, cold-weather and mountain warfare, long-range penetration, medical evacuation for battlefield injuries or emergencies, reconnaissance and tracking targets, and difficult terrain warfare in the northern front, especially Mt. Hermon.

The Alpinists are trained in aspects of cold-weather and mountain warfare. The unit was established in 1983.

Their standard equipment includes M4 carbine assault rifles, the Israeli TAR-21 Tavor assault rifle, "Negev" light machine gun and sniper rifles, mostly the M24 and SR-25.

IWI Negev
The IWI Negev (also known as the Negev NG-5) is a 5.56×45mm NATO light machine gun developed by Israel Weapon Industries (IWI), formerly Israel Military Industries Ltd. (IMI).

In 2012, IWI introduced the Negev NG-7, a variant chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO. The NG stands for Next Generation. Both variants of the Negev are in service with the Israel Defense Forces.
Berthold Furtmeyr
Berthold Furtmeyr was a German miniaturist, attested as a citizen of Regensburg between 1470 and 1501.

He contributed to an Old Testament manuscript of G. Rorer between 1470 and 1472. His main work is the decoration of a missal of five volumes for archbishop Bernhard von Rohr, completed in 1481 or 1482.

Missal
A missal is a liturgical book containing instructions and texts necessary for the celebration of Mass throughout the liturgical year. Versions differ across liturgical tradition, period, and purpose, with some missals intended to enable a priest to celebrate Mass publicly and others for private and lay use. The texts of the most common Eucharistic liturgy in the world, the Catholic Church's Mass of Paul VI of the Roman Rite, are contained in the 1970 edition of the Roman Missal.

Missals have also been published for earlier forms of the Roman Rite and other Latin liturgical rites. Other liturgical books typically contain the Eucharistic liturgies of other ritual traditions, but missals exist for the Byzantine Rites, Eastern Orthodox Western Rites, Lutheran and Anglican liturgies.
Surfshark B.V.
Surfshark B.V. is a cybersecurity company that was established in 2018. It launched its first product, Surfshark VPN, in the same year. Currently, Surfshark offers a range of cybersecurity tools: a VPN, a data leak detection system called Alert, a private search tool known as Search, and an antivirus. The company also provides a personal data removal service called Incogni, an alternative credential generator called Alternative ID, alternative virtual phone number generator Alternative Number, adblocker CleanWeb and a Dedicated IP service.

Surfshark, initially registered in the British Virgin Islands (BVI), moved its headquarters to the Netherlands on October 1, 2021. The Netherlands serves no legal obligation for companies to log or retain user data and abides by GDPR requirements. Surfshark also has offices in Lithuania, Poland, and Germany. In 2022, Surfshark and Nord Security merged under one holding company while maintaining independent operations.

WireGuard
WireGuard is a communication protocol and free and open-source software that implements encrypted virtual private networks (VPNs). It aims to be lighter and better performing than IPsec and OpenVPN, two common tunneling protocols. The WireGuard protocol passes traffic over UDP.

In March 2020, the Linux version of the software reached a stable production release and was incorporated into the Linux 5.6 kernel, and backported to earlier Linux kernels in some Linux distributions. The Linux kernel components are licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2; other implementations are under GPLv2 or other free/open-source licenses.
Fashion Square Mall
Fashion Square Mall is an enclosed shopping mall in Saginaw Charter Township, Michigan, United States. It is located on Bay Road (M-84) north of the city of Saginaw, Michigan. The property was constructed in 1972 by the Richard E. Jacobs Group. It opened with Sears and JCPenney as its original anchor stores, along with branches of local department stores Heavenrich's and William C. Weichmann Company. Hudson's was added to the mall in 1976, becoming Marshall Field's and then Macy's. The mall has undergone a number of renovations in its history, including the addition of a food court in the 1990s. Following the closure of Sears, both JCPenney and Macy's remain the mall's anchor stores. Fashion Square Mall is owned and managed by Summit Properties USA.

Food court
A food court (in Asia-Pacific also called food hall or hawker centre) is generally an indoor plaza or common area within a facility that is contiguous with the counters of multiple food vendors and provides a common area for self-serve dining.

Food courts may be found in shopping malls, airports, and parks. In various regions (such as Asia, the Americas, and Africa), a food court may be a standalone development. In some places of learning such as high schools and universities, food courts have also come to replace or complement traditional cafeterias.
Church of St Walburge, Preston
St Walburge's Church  is a Roman Catholic church in Preston, Lancashire, England, northwest of the city centre on Weston Street. The church was built in the mid-19th century to a design by the Gothic Revival architect Joseph Hansom, the designer of the hansom cab, and is famous as having the tallest spire of any parish church in England. St Walburge's is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade I listed building.

In 2014 Michael Campbell, Roman Catholic Bishop of Lancaster, entrusted the church to the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest as a shrine for Eucharistic Devotion.

Hansom cab
The hansom cab is a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle designed as a carriage for hire in London. First patented in 1834 by Joseph Hansom of England, and named the Hansom Safety Cab, it was designed to have a low centre of gravity to improve stability when maneuvering London's crowded streets, while light enough to be pulled by a single horse. The concept was substantially redesigned in 1836 by John Chapman, whose improved design was later widely copied, though retaining the "hansom" name. The hansom cab became the most common vehicle for hire, and was exported across Europe, to other British colonies, and to the US. It is easily recognized by the high seat of the driver behind the passenger compartment.
1956 Arizona Senate election
The 1956 Arizona Senate election was held on November 6, 1956. Voters elected all 28 members of the Arizona Senate to serve two-year terms. At the time, each of Arizona's 14 counties elected two state senators for a total of 28 members of the Arizona Senate. Primary elections were held on September 11, 1956.

Prior to the elections, the Democrats held a supermajority of 26 seats over the Republicans' 2 seats.

Following the election, Democrats maintained control of the chamber and kept their supermajority of 26 Democrats to 2 Republicans. The newly elected senators served in the 23rd Arizona State Legislature.

23rd Arizona State Legislature
The 23rd Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958, during the second of two terms of Ernest McFarland's time as Governor of Arizona. The number of senators remained constant at two per county, totaling 28, while the number of members of the House of Representatives decreased from 81 to 80. The balance in the upper house continued at a 26–2 margin in favor of the Democrats. In the House, the Republicans picked up three seats, while Democrats lost four seats, however the Democrats still held a 57–23 edge.
Dioscorea alata
Dioscorea alata – also called ube, ubi, uwhi, purple yam, or greater yam, among many other names – is a species of yam (a tuber). The tubers are usually a vivid violet-purple to bright lavender (hence the common name), but some range from creamy-white to plain white. It is sometimes confused with taro and the Okinawa sweet potato beniimo (紅芋) (Ipomoea batatas 'Ayamurasaki'), however D. alata is also grown in Okinawa. Its origins are in the Asian and Oceanian tropics. Some varieties attain to great size. A "Mambatap" greater yam grown in Maprik, East Sepik District, Papua New Guinea  around 1939 was 3.5 m (11 ft) in length.

Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use 1 January 1950 as the commencement date (epoch) of the age scale, with 1950 being labelled as the "standard year". The abbreviation "BP" has been interpreted retrospectively as "Before Physics", which refers to the time before nuclear weapons testing artificially altered the proportion of the carbon isotopes in the atmosphere, which scientists must account for when using radiocarbon dating for dates of origin that may fall after this year.

In a convention that is not always observed, many sources restrict the use of BP dates to those produced with radiocarbon dating; the alternative notation "RCYBP" stands for the explicit "radio carbon years before present".
Fisher River (North Carolina)
The Fisher River is a tributary of the Yadkin River in northwestern North Carolina in the United States, also draining a very small portion of southwestern Virginia.  Via the Yadkin it is part of the watershed of the Pee Dee River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean.  According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as "Big Fishers River," "Fish River" and "Fishe River."

The Fisher River rises in the Blue Ridge Mountains in the southeastern extremity of Grayson County, Virginia, but flows for nearly all of its length in Surry County, North Carolina, initially southeastwardly.  Near Dobson, it collects the short Little Fisher River and turns southward to its confluence with the Yadkin River, about 3 mi (5 km) north-northeast of Boonville.

Grayson County, Virginia
Grayson County is a county located in the southwestern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,333. Its county seat is Independence. Mount Rogers, the state's highest peak at 5,729 feet (1,746 m), is in Grayson County.
Holden railway station
Holden railway station is a closed railway station on the Bendigo railway in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It opened on 1 January 1860, and closed on 31 December 1860.

Following its closure nearby residents continued to petition authorities for a station or request stop to be reintroduced but this was never adopted. Another proposal to construct a new 6 miles (9.7 km) branch line from the site of the former station to Bacchus Marsh via Coimadai also did not proceed.

Deniliquin railway line
The Deniliquin railway line (also known as the Bendigo railway line or the Echuca railway line) is a broad-gauge railway line serving north-western Victoria, Australia. The line runs from the New South Wales town of Deniliquin into Bendigo, before turning south-south-east towards Melbourne, terminating in Docklands near the central business district. It is a major trunk line both for passenger and freight trains, with many lines branching off from it.
Adrianus Tegularius
Adrianus Tegularius (1605–1654) was a theologian from the Northern Netherlands best known today for his portrait by Frans Hals.

He was the brother of Hermannus Tegularius, who became a Remonstrant minister in Delft. Both brothers were writers and ministers and spent their youth as minister in various North Holland communities. Adrianus was called to Grootebroek from Hem in 1633 and from there to Haarlem in 1641, where he stayed. Hermannus was minister in Hippolytushoef in 1626 and in De Rijp in 1629, before being called to Delft in 1638. Adrianus married and had at least two children. A daughter is recorded marrying Alberto van Berckhout 8 January 1642 in Purmerend, and his son Albertus became minister in Wieringen in 1677 and in Grootebroek in 1680.
During his time in Haarlem Tegularius took part in the North Holland Synod as representative from Haarlem. In 1644 the Synod was in Alkmaar and he was the scribe, and in 1653 in Hoorn he was the assistant to the praeses.

Hem, Netherlands
Hem (West Frisian: Him) (population estimate: 1230) is a village in the municipality Drechterland, located in the north west of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia.

The village was first mentioned around 1312 as Hem, and means "silted land in a bend of a stream". Hem developed in the 12th century as a peat excavation settlement.

The tower of the Dutch Reformed church dates from around 1500. The baluster and spire were constructed after a 1897 fire. The matching church was demolished in 1972 after a fire. The Catholic St Lucas Church is an aisleless church from 1930. Hem was home to 591 people in 1840.
Mike Christopher (racing driver)
Michael Christopher (born June 5, 1958) is an American former professional stock car racing driver who competed in the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour from 1994 to 2012. He is the twin brother of the late Ted Christopher, who was a former champion of the series, and the father of Mike Christopher Jr., who has also competed in the series.

Christopher has also previously competed in series such as the now ARCA Menards Series East, the World of Outlaws Late Model Series, and the World Series of Asphalt Stock Car Racing. He is a 3 time track champion in the SK Modified division at Stafford Motor Speedway.

NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour
The NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour (NWMT) (previously the NASCAR Winston Modified Tour and NASCAR Featherlite Modified Series from 1985 until 2005) is a modified stock car racing series owned and operated by NASCAR in the Modified Division.  The Modified Division is NASCAR's oldest division, and is the only open-wheeled division that NASCAR sanctions. NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour events are mainly held in the northeastern United States, but the 2007 and 2008 tours expanded to the Midwest with the addition of a race in Mansfield, Ohio. The tour races primarily on short oval paved tracks, but the NWMT also has made appearances at larger ovals and road courses.
Pharambara splendida
Pharambara splendida is a species of moth in the family Thyrididae that was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1887. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Samoa, Taiwan, Sumatra and Australia.

Its larval host plant is Macaranga tanarius.

Macaranga tanarius
Macaranga tanarius is a species of flowering plant found in South East Asia, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, South China, Taiwan, and eastern Australia. It is commonly seen as a pioneer species in disturbed rainforest areas. It is easily recognised for its round veiny leaves. In Australia, it naturally occurs from the Richmond River, New South Wales to Cooktown in tropical Queensland.

Some of the many common names include parasol leaf tree, blush macaranga, nasturtium tree, David's heart and heart leaf.
Symphony No. 35 (Mozart)
Symphony No. 35 in D major, K. 385, also known as the Haffner Symphony, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1782. It was commissioned by the Haffners, a prominent Salzburg family, for the occasion of the ennoblement of Sigmund Haffner the Younger. The Haffner Symphony should not be confused with the eight-movement Haffner Serenade, another piece Mozart wrote on commission from the same family in 1776.

Die Entführung aus dem Serail
Die Entführung aus dem Serail (German: [diː ʔɛntˈfyːʁʊŋ ʔaʊs dɛm zeˈʁaɪ]) (K. 384; The Abduction from the Seraglio; also known as Il Seraglio) is a singspiel in three acts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The German libretto is by Gottlieb Stephanie, based on Christoph Friedrich Bretzner's Belmont und Constanze, oder Die Entführung aus dem Serail. The plot concerns the attempt of the hero Belmonte, assisted by his servant Pedrillo, to rescue his beloved Constanze from the seraglio of Pasha Selim. The work premiered on 16 July 1782 at the Vienna Burgtheater, with the composer conducting.
PKP class SU45
SU45 (prototype 301D, current type 301Db) is a Polish class of standard gauge mainline mixed traffic diesel locomotives converted for operating local, express and freight trains in Poland. Built from 1970 to 1976 by H. Cegielski in Poznań as the passenger version classified SP45, they were later converted to mixed traffic by ZNTK Poznań.

SU45 locomotives were one of the most popular locomotive series throughout Poland associated with Polish national railway.

PKP Cargo
PKP Cargo (WSE: PKP) is a logistics operator and a part of the PKP Group in Poland. It is the largest railway freight carrier in Poland and second largest in the European Union. PKP Cargo is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The company's largest shareholder is PKP S.A. with a 33,01% share.

PKP Cargo does not have bankruptcy capacity (as it is an entity established by law).
East German jokes
East German jokes, jibes popular in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR, also known as East Germany), reflected the concerns of East German citizens and residents between 1949 and 1990. Jokes frequently targeted political figures, such as Socialist Party General Secretary Erich Honecker or State Security Minister Erich Mielke, who headed the Stasi secret police. Elements of daily life, such as economic scarcity, relations between the GDR and the Soviet Union, or Cold War rival, the United States, were also common. There were also ethnic jokes, highlighting differences of language or culture between Saxony and Central Germany.

Central Germany (cultural area)
Central Germany (German: Mitteldeutschland [ˈmɪtl̩ˌdɔʏtʃlant] ⓘ) is an economic and cultural region in Germany. Its exact borders depend on context, but it is often defined as being a region within the federal states of Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt, or a smaller part of this region, such as the metropolitan area of Leipzig and Halle plus the surrounding counties.

The name dates from the German Empire, when the region was approximately in the centre of the country. Since the German Empire's eastern territories became part of Poland and Russia in the aftermath of World War II, "Central Germany" has been located east of the centre of the country, but the name is still often used in business, media and by the Central German Metropolitan Region. Against this background, the term is not or no longer to be understood as a geographic term.
UAAP Season 76 basketball tournaments
The basketball tournaments of UAAP Season 76  were held in school year 2013–14. Adamson University was both season host and basketball tournaments host. As season host, Adamson was the producer of the opening ceremony on June 29, 2013. As to being tournament host, Adamson was responsible for the scheduling of games, booking of game venues and distribution of game tickets to member schools. The other responsibility of Adamson as tournament host was the nomination of a basketball tournament commissioner to the UAAP Board for approval.

The first doubleheader of basketball games was held after the opening ceremonies at the Mall of Asia Arena. ABS-CBN UHF channel Studio 23 did the broadcast of the men's basketball tournament for the fourteenth consecutive year.

Thirdy Ravena
Ferdinand "Thirdy" Crisologo Ravena III (born December 17, 1996) is a Filipino professional basketball player who last played for Dubai Basketball of the ABA League. Ravena played college basketball for the Ateneo Blue Eagles of the UAAP. He plays the shooting guard position and is listed at 6 ft 2  in (1.89 m).