hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael D. O'Hara
Michael Doyle O'Hara (September 19, 1910 – July 16, 1978) was an American jurist.

Born in Menominee, Michigan, O'Hara went to University of Notre Dame and graduated from St. Norbert College. He then taught at St. Norbert College. O'Hara studied law under Leland Carr who later served as chief justice of the Michigan Supreme Court and then was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1935. O'Hara then practiced law in Menominee, Michigan. During World War II, O'Hara served in the United States Marine Corps. From 1963 to 1969, O'Hara served on the Michigan Supreme Court. He then served on the Michigan Court of Appeals until 1975 when he retired. O'Hara died in a drowning accident, apparently from a heart attack, in Menominee, Michigan.

Menominee, Michigan
Menominee (/məˈnɒməni/ mə-NOM-ə-nee) is a city in Menominee County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 8,488 at the 2020 census. It is located in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, on the north bank of the Menominee River at its mouth on Green Bay, part of Lake Michigan. Menominee is the fourth-largest city in the Upper Peninsula, behind Marquette, Sault Ste. Marie, and Escanaba. Menominee Township is located to the north of the city, but is politically autonomous. Menominee is part of the Marinette micropolitan area.
Kiernan Dewsbury-Hall
Kiernan Frank Dewsbury-Hall (born 6 September 1998) is an English professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Premier League club Everton.

Dewsbury-Hall started his career with Leicester City, joining their youth system in 2006. He signed his first professional contract in 2017, and made his senior debut in the FA Cup in 2019. He went on loan to Blackpool in 2020 and to Luton Town for the 2020–21 season. After impressing for Luton, he broke into the Leicester first-team the following season. The team was relegated in the 2022–23 season, but Dewsbury-Hall played an integral role in returning the club to the Premier League by winning the Championship, and won Leicester Player of the Season. He signed for Chelsea in the summer of 2024, and transferred to Everton the following summer.

EFL Awards
The EFL Awards is an annual awards ceremony commemorating association football players, clubs and associated individuals involved in the three divisions of the English Football League (EFL).

The event was established in 2006 and is usually held at the Grosvenor House Hotel, London, in March or April of each year, towards the end of the Football League season.
Semipalatinsk Oblast, Kazakhstan
Semipalatinsk Oblast (Kazakh: Семей облысы / Semei oblysy; Russian: Семипалатинская область) was an administrative division of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Union, established on October 14, 1939 from parts of East Kazakhstan and Alma-Ata Oblasts. Upon Kazakhstan's independence in 1991, the oblast continued to exist until 1997, when it was merged back into East Kazakhstan Oblast. In 2022, the region was reconstituted as the Abai Region, with its administrative centre still located in Semey.

It contained the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Dolon (air base) and Dolon Southwest air base.

Almaty Region
Almaty Region (Kazakh: Almaty oblysy [ɑɫmɑˈtə ˌwobɫɤˈsə]), formerly known as the Alma-Ata Region until 1993, is a region in Kazakhstan, located in the southeastern part of the country. It surrounds, but does not include, the eponymous city of Almaty. Its capital is Qonaev.
Apostolic Vicariate of Kivu
The Apostolic Vicariate of Kivu can refer to either of two vicariates of the White Fathers, a Catholic missionary society in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church. Both vicariates served lands around Lake Kivu during the early to mid 20th century.  The first vicariate, from 1912 to 1922, served what are now Rwanda and Burundi.  The second vicariate, from 1929 to 1952, served territory in the east of the Belgian Congo.

White Fathers
The White Fathers (French: Pères Blancs), officially known as the Missionaries of Africa (Latin: Missionarii Africae) and abbreviated MAfr, are a Catholic society of apostolic life of pontifical right for men. They were founded in 1868 by Charles Lavigerie, who was then the Archbishop of Algiers. The society focuses on evangelization and education, primarily in Africa. As of 2021, the Missionaries of Africa comprised 1,428 members from 36 nationalities, working in 42 countries across 217 communities.
Abdullah Albsais
Abdullah Albsais (born 1980) is a Kuwaiti poet and novelist. He studied in Canada and Kuwait.

His books include:

Al-Diwaniyya (short stories, 2011)

The Wall (short stories, 2012)

Ponderings (poetry, 2017)

Prodigal Memories (sometimes translated as Stray Memories) (novel, 2014)

The Taste of Guilt (novel, 2016)

M for Murderer: S for Sa’id (novel, 2019)

His work has been described as combining interest in literature and philosophy with folk stories. During his youth, he participated in poetry competitions.

His 2019 novel M for Murderer: S for Sa'id was longlisted for the Arabic Booker Prize in 2021. He also won an award in 2017 at the Sharjah Book Fair.

His 2014 novel was banned by authorities in Kuwait, particularly the Kuwaiti Ministry of Information, for raising an allegedly "sensitive" topic.

Sharjah International Book Fair
Sharjah International Book Fair (SIBF) is a major annual literary and publishing event held in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. As one of the world's largest book fairs, it hosted 2,033 exhibitors from 109 countries in 2023 and featured a broad range of activities throughout its 12 days.

The book fair debuted in 1982 under the guidance and patronage of Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, the UAE Supreme Council Member and Ruler of Sharjah.
Moufang
Moufang is the family name of the following people:

Christoph Moufang (1817–1890), a Roman Catholic cleric

Ruth Moufang (1905–1977), a German mathematician, after whom several concepts in mathematics are named:
Moufang–Lie algebra
Moufang loop
Moufang polygon
Moufang plane
Moufang set

David Moufang (born 1966), German ambient techno musician

David Moufang
David Moufang (born 1966, in Heidelberg, West Germany) is a German ambient techno musician. He records with his partner, Jonas Grossmann as Deep Space Network project and his solo releases as Move D. His other projects include Earth to Infinity, Reagenz, Koolfang, and Conjoint.
Terri (film)
Terri is a 2011 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film directed by Azazel Jacobs from a screenplay by Patrick deWitt, based on a story by deWitt and Jacobs. It stars Jacob Wysocki in the title role, with Creed Bratton, Olivia Crocicchia, Bridger Zadina, and John C. Reilly in supporting roles. It revolves around an oversized teen misfit who strikes up a friendship with his garrulous but well-meaning vice-principal.

The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2011, and was given a limited theatrical release in the United States on July 1, 2011, by ATO Pictures. It received positive reviews from critics, who mostly praised the performances of Wysocki and Reilly, while deWitt was nominated for Best First Screenplay at the 27th Independent Spirit Awards.

Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay
The Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay is one of the annual awards given by the Film Independent, a non-profit organization dedicated to independent film and independent filmmakers. It was first presented in 1994 with David O. Russell being the first recipient of the award for Spanking the Monkey, a film he also directed.
Andry Laffita
Andry Laffita Fernández (born March 26, 1978) is a retired Cuban amateur boxer. He won the silver medal at the 2005 World Amateur Boxing Championships. He also won a silver medal in the flyweight class, at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.

Boxing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Flyweight
The flyweight competition was the second-lowest weight class featured in amateur boxing at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and was held at the Workers Indoor Arena. Flyweights were limited to a maximum of 51 kilograms (112.4 lbs) in body mass.

Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss. Bouts consisted of four rounds of two minutes each, with one-minute breaks between rounds. Punches scored only if the white area on the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent. Five judges scored each bout; three of the judges had to signal a scoring punch within one second for the punch to score. The winner of the bout was the boxer who scored the most valid punches by the end of the bout.
Streptoalloteichus
Streptoalloteichus is a genus of bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae that contains two known species:

S. hindustanus, which is known for the production of tallysomycin, an antitumor antibiotic;

S. tenebrarius, which is known for production of tobramycin, and which was previously classified as Streptomyces tenebrarius.

Tobramycin
Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces tenebrarius that is used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infections. It is especially effective against species of Pseudomonas.

It was patented in 1965, and approved for medical use in 1974. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2023, it was the 298th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 400,000 prescriptions.
Salineiro
Salineiro is a village in the southern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is part of the municipality of Ribeira Grande de Santiago. In 2010 its population was 1,113. It is located on the western edge of the Ribeira Grande gorge, 2.5 km north of Cidade Velha and 11 km west of the capital Praia.

Santiago, Cape Verde
Santiago (Portuguese for “Saint James”) is the largest island of Cape Verde, its most important agricultural centre and home to half the nation's population. Part of the Sotavento Islands, it lies between the islands of Maio (26 km (16 mi) to the east) and Fogo (55 kilometres (34 miles) to the west). It was the first of the islands to be settled: the town of Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha and a UNESCO World Heritage Site) was founded in 1462. Santiago is home to the nation's capital city of Praia.
Robert Curtis (actor)
Robert Curtis is a British actor. He is best known for his role as Scratch in the Doctor Who Christmas special The Husbands of River Song (2015), Aaron in EastEnders (2012) and Lieutenant Barnes in Outlander. Curtis trained at The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama.

Royal Central School of Speech and Drama
The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, commonly shortened to Central, is a drama school founded by Elsie Fogerty in 1906, as the Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art, to offer a new form of training in speech and drama for young actors and other students. It became a constituent college of the University of London in 2005 and is a member of Conservatoires UK and the Federation of Drama Schools.
Roast beef sandwich
The roast beef sandwich is a sandwich that is made out of sliced roast beef or sometimes beef loaf, frequently using cold roast beef (either the leftovers from a homemade dinner or deli meat). This style of sandwich often comes on a hamburger bun and may be topped with barbecue sauce and/or melted American cheese, while other popular ingredients include lettuce, tomatoes, and mustard, although it would not be uncommon to find cheese, horseradish, fresh or powdered chili pepper, or red onion. Roast beef sandwiches may be served hot or cold, and are sometimes served open-faced. It is sold at many diners in the United States, as well as fast food chains such as Arby's, Rax Roast Beef, and Roy Rogers Restaurants, while offered at many pubs in the UK and at festivals.

Red onion
Red onions (also known as purple or blue onions in some mainland European countries) are cultivars of the onion (Allium cepa), and have purplish-red skin and white flesh tinged with red. They are most commonly used in cooking, but the skin has also been used as a dye.

Red onions tend to be medium to large in size and have a sweeter flavor than white or yellow onions due to low levels of pyruvic acid and sulfur compounds. They are often consumed raw (and can be added to salads for color and bite), grilled, or lightly cooked with other foods. Red onions are available throughout the year and are high in flavonoids and fiber (compared to white and yellow onions). Cut red onion can be soaked in cool water for a period of time, and the water can be drained off, resulting in less "bite" and pungency.
Peter's Prize
Peter’s Prize or The Peter Solis Nery Prize for Excellence in Hiligaynon Writing is a literary contest in the Hiligaynon language of the Philippines established by The Peter Solis Nery Foundation for Hiligaynon Literature and the Arts, Inc. in 2013 to fulfill its mission to promote, preserve, and propagate Hiligaynon literature. It was expanded to special prizes for excellence in literary scholarship and cultural work, and additional competitive prizes in the various art forms in its succeeding years. It was named after foremost Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) writer Peter Solis Nery from Dumangas, Iloilo.

Dumangas
Dumangas, officially the Municipality of Dumangas (Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Dumangas, Tagalog: Bayan ng Dumangas), is a municipality in the province of Iloilo, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 75,239 people.
Van Trump Glacier
The Van Trump Glacier is a scattering of glaciers and snowfields located on the southern flank of Mount Rainier in Washington. Named after P. B. Van Trump, who was part of an early ascent of Mount Rainier, the glacier covers 0.2 square miles (0.5 km2) and contains 500 million ft3 (14 million m3) of ice. The glacier is located between the Wilson Glacier to the east and the Kautz Glacier to the west. The elevation of the scattering ranges from 7,000 feet (2,100 m) at the lower end to 9,800 ft (3,000 m) on the upper reaches of the glacier. Meltwater from the glacier drains into the Nisqually River.

In a June 2023 report from the National Park Service, the glacier had lost 43% of its volume between 2015 and 2021. Based on 2022 satellite imagery, glaciologist Mauri Pelto declared Pyramid Glacier dead.

Nisqually River
The Nisqually River /nɪˈskwɑːli/ is a river in west central Washington in the United States, approximately 81 miles (130 km) long. It drains part of the Cascade Range southeast of Tacoma, including the southern slope of Mount Rainier, and empties into the southern end of Puget Sound. Its outlet was designated in 1971 as the Nisqually Delta National Natural Landmark.

The Nisqually River forms the Pierce–Lewis county line, as well as the boundary between Pierce and Thurston counties.
Agrippa (praenomen)
Agrippa is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was most common during the early centuries of the Roman Republic.  It was sometimes abbreviated Agr., or occasionally Agripp.; both forms are found in the Fasti Capitolini.  Despite ending in -a, it is a masculine name.  The feminine form was probably Agrippina, which is also found as a cognomen, or surname, but no examples of its use as a praenomen have survived.

The praenomen Agrippa was regularly used by two patrician gentes, gens Furia and gens Menenia, who held several consulships during the early Republic. It was also the name of one of the legendary kings of Alba Longa, Agrippa Silvius, whose descendants came to Rome following the destruction of that city during the reign of Tullus Hostilius. Although the name is not known to have been used as a praenomen in the later Republic and Empire, it appeared as a cognomen in several families.

Agrippa (mythology)
In Greco-Roman mythology, Agrippa (said to have reigned 914–873 BC) (/əˈɡrɪpə/) was a descendant of Aeneas and  King of Alba Longa, the capital of Latium, southeast of Rome. He was listed as king of Alba Longa in the time of Augustus. Some speculate that this was done in order to give prestige to Augustus' friend and son-in-law Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. He was also ancestor of the legendary founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus.
Alabaster Historic District
The Alabaster Historic District is a 400-acre mining complex in Iosco County, Michigan, centered on an open pit gypsum mine. It is bounded by on the east by Lake Huron, on the north by Gypsum Road, on the south by Keystone Road, and on the west by Rempert Road, south of Tawas City, the county seat. This historic district, where mining started in 1862, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. Gypsum produced here was used to manufacture the temporary buildings of the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. The Alabaster Mining Company is still operating here.

Tawas City, Michigan
Tawas City (/ˈtaʊwɑːs/ TOW-wahss) is a city in and the county seat of Iosco County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 1,834 at the 2020 census.  The city is mostly surrounded by Tawas Township, but the two areas are administered autonomously.
Cystocentesis
Cystocentesis is a veterinary procedure in which a needle is inserted into the urinary bladder  of an animal through the abdominal wall, and a urine sample is taken. Diagnostic cystocentesis is used to collect a urine sample without the risks of bacterial, cellular and debris contamination that other methods have.  Therapeutic cystocentesis may be employed to relieve pressure buildup due to urethral obstruction. Therapeutic cystocentesis is typically a last resort for relief, as a greatly distended bladder is more likely to rupture when punctured. A safer method of emptying the urinary bladder in this condition is by urethral catheterization.

Urinary catheterization
In urinary catheterization, a latex, polyurethane, or silicone tube known as a urinary catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra to allow urine to drain from the bladder for collection. It may also be used to inject liquids used for treatment or diagnosis of bladder conditions. A clinician, often a nurse, usually performs the procedure, but self-catheterization is also possible. A catheter may be in place for long periods of time (indwelling catheter) or removed after each use (intermittent catheterization).
CG 4
CG 4, commonly referred to as God's Hand, is a star-forming region located in the Puppis constellation, about 1,300 light-years (400 pc) from Earth. It is one of several objects referred to as "cometary globules", because its shape is similar to that of a comet. It has a dense head formed of gas and dust, which is around 1.5 ly (0.46 pc) in diameter, and an elongated faint tail around 8 ly (2.5 pc) in length.

CG 4, and the nearby cometary globules, generally point away from the Vela Supernova Remnant, located at the center of the Gum Nebula.

Star formation
Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space—sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions"—collapse and form stars. As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star formation process, and the study of protostars and young stellar objects as its immediate products.  It is closely related to planet formation, another branch of astronomy.  Star formation theory, as well as accounting for the formation of a single star, must also account for the statistics of binary stars and the initial mass function. Most stars do not form in isolation but as part of a group of stars referred to as star clusters or stellar associations.
Ethnic townships, towns, and sums
Ethnic townships (officially translated as nationality townships), ethnic towns, and ethnic sums are fourth-level administrative units designated for ethnic minorities of political divisions in the People's Republic of China. They are not considered to be autonomous and do not enjoy the laws pertaining to the larger ethnic autonomous areas such as autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures, autonomous counties, and autonomous banners. However, what defines an ethnic township is that the law requires that its head of government be a member of the titular ethnic minority.

The only ethnic sum is the Evenk Ethnic Sum in Old Barag Banner, Inner Mongolia.

Autonomous county
Autonomous counties (Chinese: 自治县) and autonomous banners (Chinese: 自治旗) are county-level autonomous administrative divisions of China. Autonomous counties tend to have a large number of ethnic minority citizens compared to ordinary counties (if not an outright majority), or are the historic home of a significant minority population.

There are 117 autonomous counties and three autonomous banners. The latter are found in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the former are found everywhere else.
Amar Singh Chaudhary
Amar Singh Chaudhary (1 May 1971) is an Indian politician and member of Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) from Siddharth Nagar district of  Uttar Pradesh. He is a former member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly who represented the Shohratgarh constituency of Uttar Pradesh from 2017 to 2022 and was a member of the Apna Dal (Sonelal). He left Apna Dal (Sonelal) in 2022 complaining that he felt suffocated by the Bharatiya Janata Party as they were tampering with the rights of Dalits and OBCs and he could do nothing about it while being in Apna Dal (Sonelal), a subordinate partner in NDA.

He is contesting the 2024 general election as the ASP(K) candidate from Domariyaganj.

Apna Dal (Soneylal)
Apna Dal (Soneylal) (abbreviated as AD(S); translation: Our Party (Soneylal))  is a state-level Indian political party. President of the party is Anupriya Patel, and vice president is Mata Badal Tiwari.

The party has 13 MLA in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Apna Dal is the third largest political party in Uttar Pradesh in terms of number of MLAs.
Stockingfield Junction
Stockingfield Junction is a canal junction which lies between Maryhill and Ruchill in Glasgow, Scotland. It opened in 1777, and closed in 1963, followed by restoration and a re-opening in 2022. At first a terminus it formed the junction for the Port Dundas branch off the Forth and Clyde Canal main line from 1777.

Bowling, West Dunbartonshire
Bowling (Scots: Bowlin, Scottish Gaelic: Bolan) is a village in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, with a population of 740 (2015).

It lies on the north bank of the Firth of Clyde, between the towns of Clydebank and Dumbarton. It is 1+1⁄2 miles (2.5 kilometres) west of Old Kilpatrick which is at one end of the Antonine Wall and therefore represents the extreme limit of the Roman Empire on the west coast of the island of Great Britain.
Consumers International
Consumers International is the membership organization for consumer groups around the world. Founded on 1 April 1960, it has over 250 member organizations in 120 countries. Its head office is situated in London, England, and has numerous regional offices in Latin America, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa.

Consumers International is a not-for-profit company limited by guarantee.

Company limited by guarantee
A company limited by guarantee (CLG) is a type of company where the liability of members in the event the company is wound up is limited to a (typically very small) amount listed in the company's articles or constitution. Most have no share capital, although rare exceptions exist.

The form originated in the United Kingdom, and now exists under the company law of Australia, Bermuda, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, the Gambia, Ireland, India, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Nova Scotia. It previously existed in New Zealand.

It is used primarily but not exclusively by non-profit organisations (including charities) that require legal personality. Other uses include mutual insurance companies and quasi-governmental bodies.