hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Villas of Genoa
Villas have been one of the pillars of the social and economic history of Genoa. Since the 14th century, the villa became the symbol of the power of the aristocratic oligarchy and the wealthy merchant bourgeoisie, for whom it was the mirror of the city palace: outside the walls they conveyed the luxury and magnificence found in the city residences.

In Great Genoa area alone, there were more than two hundred and sixty villas, a universe of residences, some of which have been lost, most of which are in ruins or have been used for other purposes, but which, through the few that have been restored and can be visited today, offer a glimpse of the splendor of a ruling class whose entrepreneurial and political skills made them very wealthy.

Nervi
Nervi is a former fishing village 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Portofino on the Riviera di Levante, now a seaside resort in Liguria, in northwest Italy. Once an independent comune, it is now a quartiere of Genoa. Nervi is 4 miles (7 km) east of central Genoa.

Multiple 16th-century sources describe Nervi as the birthplace of Christopher Columbus, though his exact origins remain a matter of debate.
Flat Creek (Lamine River tributary)
Flat Creek is a stream in Benton, Morgan and
Pettis counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Lamine River.

The stream headwaters arise in northern Benton County west of Ionia at 38°29′25″N 93°22′43″W﻿ / ﻿38.49028°N 93.37861°W﻿ / 38.49028; -93.37861 and the stream flows northwest past Brandon Siding into Pettis County east of Windsor and then turns to the northeast passing under Missouri Route 52 south of Sedalia. The stream meanders to the east passing south of Smithton into Morgan County and under Missouri Route 135 to its confluence with Richland Creek to form the Lamine River at 38°40′07″N 92°57′11″W﻿ / ﻿38.66861°N 92.95306°W﻿ / 38.66861; -92.95306.

Flat Creek most likely derives its name from a corruption of the French word plat, meaning "shallow".

Sedalia, Missouri
Sedalia is a city located approximately 30 miles (50 kilometers) south of the Missouri River and, as the county seat of Pettis County, Missouri, United States, it is the principal city of the Sedalia Micropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 21,725. Sedalia is also the location of the Missouri State Fair and the Scott Joplin International Ragtime Festival. U.S. Routes 50 and 65 intersect in the city.
2021 Iraqi parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 10 October 2021. The elections determined the 329 members of the Council of Representatives who in turn elected the Iraqi president and confirmed the prime minister. 25 million voters are eligible to take part in Iraq's fifth parliamentary election since the 2003 US-led invasion and the first since the 2019 Iraqi October Revolution. The election result led to the protests in Baghdad and an 11 month long political crisis.

President of Iraq
The president of the Republic of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq. Since the mid-2000s, the presidency is primarily a symbolic office, as the position does not possess significant power within the country according to the constitution adopted in October 2005.

Due to the Muhasasah political system informally adopted since the creation of the new Iraqi federal state, the office is expected to be held by a Kurd (all were from the PUK party), although it is not an official requirement.

On the 2022 Iraqi presidential election held on 13 October 2022, the Iraqi parliament voted Abdul Latif Rashid as the new president of Iraq.
Abulfeda
Ismāʿīl bin ʿAlī bin Maḥmūd bin Muḥammad bin ʿUmar bin Shāhanshāh bin Ayyūb bin Shādī bin Marwān (Arabic: إسماعيل بن علي بن محمود بن محمد بن عمر بن شاهنشاه بن أيوب بن شادي بن مروان), better known as Abū al-Fidāʾ or Abulfeda (Arabic: أبو الفداء; November 1273 – 27 October 1331), was a Mamluk-era Kurdish geographer, historian, Ayyubid prince and local governor of Hama.

Prince
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. Prince is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The female equivalent is a princess. The English word derives, via the French word prince, from the Latin noun prīnceps, from primus (first) and caput (head), meaning "the first, foremost, the chief, most distinguished, noble ruler, prince".

In a related sense, now not commonly used, all more or less sovereign rulers over a state, including kings, were "princes" in the language of international politics. They normally had another title, for example king or duke. Many of these were Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
1974 Coliseum Mall International
The 1974 Coliseum Mall International, also known as the Hampton Indoor, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Hampton Roads Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia in the United States that was part of the 1974 USLTA Indoor Circuit. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from March 4 through March 10, 1974. First-seeded player Jimmy Connors won his second consecutive singles title and earned $10,000 first-prize money.

Hampton Coliseum
Hampton Coliseum is a multi-purpose arena in Hampton, Virginia. Construction began on May 24, 1968. The venue held its first event on December 1, 1969, with the nearby College of William & Mary playing North Carolina State University in a college men's basketball game. On January 31, 1970, the Coliseum formally opened as the first large multi-purpose arena in the Hampton Roads region and the state of Virginia (opening a year before the Norfolk Scope in Norfolk.)

With a final estimated cost between $8.5 million to $9 million, the arena was designed by Odell Associates and constructed by McDevitt and Street, of Charlotte, North Carolina. The venue capacity is configurable from 9,800 to 13,800 seats. Fans of the Grateful Dead and Phish have nicknamed the building The Mothership, a term coined by The Virginian-Pilot reporter John Colt in a 1981 Grateful Dead concert review.
Narendra Dua
Narendra Dua (born 16 October 1939) is an Indian cricketer. He played in 29 first-class matches for Madhya Pradesh from 1963/64 to 1974/75. After his cricket career, he became a divisional chairman for the Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association. His son, Sanjeev, is a former cricket umpire.

Sanjeev Dua
Sanjeev Dua (born 27 April 1965) is an Indian cricket umpire. Dua has umpired 5 Women's One Day International cricket matches, 44 first-class matches, 33 List A matches and 20 Twenty20 matches as of March 2017.

Dua made his debut as an international umpire during the last round robin match of the 2006 Women's Asia Cup between India and Pakistan at the Sawai Mansingh Stadium in Jaipur. Two days later at the same ground, he stood in the final of the tournament between India and Sri Lanka. Most recently he umpired all three WODI matches between India and Sri Lanka at the Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium in January 2014.
Light pillar
A light pillar or ice pillar is an atmospheric optical phenomenon in which a vertical beam of light appears to extend above and/or below a light source. The effect is created by the reflection of light from tiny ice crystals that are suspended in the atmosphere or that compose high-altitude clouds (e.g. cirrostratus or cirrus clouds). If the light comes from the Sun (usually when it is near or even below the horizon), the phenomenon is called a sun pillar or solar pillar. Light pillars can also be caused by the Moon or terrestrial sources, such as streetlights and erupting volcanoes.

Phenomenon
A phenomenon  (pl. phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which cannot be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in this part of his philosophy, in which phenomenon and noumenon serve as interrelated technical terms. Far predating this, the ancient Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus also used phenomenon and noumenon as interrelated technical terms.
Rudolf Rickenbacher
Rudolf Rickenbacher (born 5 December 1934) is a Swiss former footballer who played in the 1950s and early 1960s. He played as midfielder.

Rickenbacher first played for FC Nordstern Basel in the Nationalliga B, the second tier of Swiss football. He joined FC Basel's first team in their 1955–56 season under trainer Béla Sárosi. After playing in one test match, Rickenbacher played his domestic league debut for his new club in the away game on 20 May 1956 as Basel played a goalless draw with Lugano.

After two seasons with Basel, Rickenbacher moved on to play one season with La Chaux-de-Fonds, but returned to Basel there after.

Between the years 1955 to 1957 and again from 1958 to 1961 Rickenbacher played a total of 87 games for Basel without scoring a goal. 48 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, four in the Swiss Cup, three in the International Football Cup and 32 were friendly games.

FC Basel
Fussball Club Basel 1893, widely known as FC Basel, FCB, or just Basel, is a Swiss professional football club based in Basel, in the Canton of Basel-Stadt. Formed in 1893, the club has been Swiss national champions 21 times, Swiss Cup winners 14 times, and Swiss League Cup winners once.

Basel competed in UEFA competitions for 25 consecutive seasons between 1999–2000 and 2023–2024. They have qualified for the group stage of the Champions League more times than any other Swiss club – a total of seven times – and are the only Swiss club to have ever qualified to the said phase directly. In 2021, they set the new record for a Swiss team with the most successful international group stage campaign by reaching 14 points in their Europa Conference League group. Since 2001, the club has played its home games at St. Jakob-Park, built on the site of their previous home, St. Jakob Stadium. Their home colours are red and blue, leading to a nickname of RotBlau.
Dikgang Mabalane
Dikgang Mabalane (born 28 December 1979 in Soweto) is a South African association football right-winger who last played for Moroka Swallows.

He is nicknamed "Terminator" in South Africa due to his pace.

Moroka Swallows F.C.
Moroka Swallows Football Club (often referred to as Swallows or The Birds) was a South African professional football club based in Soweto, Johannesburg, in the Gauteng province.

Founded in 1947, Swallows were one of the original two Soweto clubs, together with Orlando Pirates, thus contesting what is known as the Original Soweto Derby.

Until relegation in the 2014–15 season, the club had played every season of the Premiership.

Swallows won the 2019–20 National First Division and competed in the 2020–21 South African Premiership, finishing 6th in what was the club's first season back in top-flight football league system and qualified for 2021 MTN 8 competition. Swallows played its home matches at the Dobsonville Stadium.
Geography of Gozo
The geography of Gozo, is dominated by water as it is the second largest island in the Maltese archipelago and is made up out of limestone. There are several islands which fall under Gozitan jurisdiction and thus are additions to the overarching Maltese archipelago. The main island of Gozo is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) northwest of the main island of Malta. It is mostly known for its multitude of low-lying hills. The highest point in Gozo is Ta' Dbiegi hill, which falls under the San Lawrenz local council. The island of Comino, which is also the third largest island in Malta, falls under Gozo.

Malta (island)
Malta is an island in Southern Europe. It is the largest and most populous of the three major islands that constitute the Maltese Archipelago and the country of Malta. The island is situated in the Mediterranean Sea directly south of Italy and north of Libya. It lies south-east of the smaller islands of Gozo and Comino. The island is 27 kilometres (17 mi) long and 14.5 kilometres (9 mi) wide, with a total area of 246 square kilometres (95 sq mi). The capital is Valletta, while the largest locality is Rabat. The island is made up of many small towns, which together form one larger urban zone with a population of 409,259. The landscape is characterised by low hills with terraced fields.
Electron resonance imaging
Electron resonance imaging (ERI) is a preclinical imaging method, together with positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography scan (CT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other techniques. ERI is dedicated to imaging small laboratory animals, and its unique feature is the ability to detect free radicals. This technique could also be used for other purposes, such as material science, quality of food, etc.

For in vivo imaging purposes, ERI is a minimally invasive method. It requires an intravenous injection of external substances called spin probes (usually nitroxide or triarylmethyl compounds). The main advantage of ERI modality is the ability to map the tissue microenvironment parameters, e.g., oxygen partial pressure (pO2), redox status, oxidative stress, thiol concentration, pH, inorganic phosphorus, viscosity, etc. ERI is commonly used to research in the areas of oncology, neurodegenerative disorders, and drug development.

Spin probe
A spin probe is a molecule with stable free radical character that carries a functional group. This group can be used to couple the probe to another molecule, e.g. a biomolecule.

Electron spin resonance can be employed to quantify the probe's concentration.
François-Joseph-Marie-Henry, comte de Viry
François-Joseph-Marie-Henry, comte de Viry (27 July 1766 – 15 January 1820), known before 1813 as baron de la Ferrière and in England as Henry Speed, was a Savoyard nobleman who sat in both the House of Commons of Great Britain and the Chamber of Deputies of France.

Duchy of Savoy
The Duchy of Savoy was a territorial entity of the Savoyard state that existed from 1416 until 1847 and was a possession of the House of Savoy.
It was created when Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, raised the County of Savoy into a duchy for Amadeus VIII. The duchy was an Imperial fief, subject of the Holy Roman Empire, until 1792, with a vote in the Imperial Diet. From the 16th century, Savoy belonged to the Upper Rhenish Circle.

Its territory included the current French departments of Savoie, Haute-Savoie, and the Alpes-Maritimes, the current Italian region of Aosta Valley, a large part of Piedmont and the County of Geneva in Switzerland, which was then lost to the Old Swiss Confederacy. The main Vulgar languages that were spoken within the Duchy of Savoy were Arpitan and Piedmontese.
Steve Stenger
Steven Stenger is an American former attorney and former Democratic politician. He served as County Executive of St. Louis County, Missouri from January 2015 to April 2019. He resigned his position in April 2019 after being federally indicted on honest services bribery and mail fraud charges.

Mail and wire fraud
Mail fraud and wire fraud are terms used in the United States to describe the use of a physical (e.g., the U.S. Postal Service) or electronic (e.g., a phone, a telegram, a fax, or the Internet) mail system to defraud another, and are U.S. federal crimes. Jurisdiction is claimed by the federal government if the illegal activity crosses interstate or international borders.
Zavikon Island
Zavikon Island refers to either the larger or the pair of islands in the Thousand Islands archipelago on the St. Lawrence River between New York and Ontario, two kilometres (1¼ miles) southeast of Rockport, Ontario and approximately 200 metres (660 ft) north of the international boundary. Zavikon Island is located in Canadian territory and is part of the township of Leeds and the Thousand Islands in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville.

United Counties of Leeds and Grenville
The United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, commonly known as Leeds and Grenville, is a county and census division in Ontario, Canada, in the Eastern Ontario subregion of Southern Ontario. It fronts on the St. Lawrence River and the international boundary between Canada and the United States, opposite of the State of New York. The county seat is Brockville. The county was formed by the union of the historical counties of Leeds and Grenville in 1850.
Haslum station
Haslum is a station on the Kolsås Line on the Oslo Metro. It is between Avløs and Gjønnes, 13.0 kilometers (8.1 mi) from Stortinget. It serves the neighborhood Haslum.

The station was opened 1 July 1924 as part of the tramway Lilleaker Line.

Along with most of the line, Haslum closed for upgrades on 1 July 2006 and its service was temporarily provided by bus. Haslum among other things, received longer platforms which can accommodate trains with up to six cars like most of the subway system. It reopened on 15 December 2013.

Lilleaker Line
The Lilleaker Line (Norwegian: Lilleakerbanen) is a suburban tramway from Skøyen in Oslo westwards to Øraker, Bærum in Norway. It is operated by Line 13 from Ljabru to Øraker of the Oslo Tramway, operated by Oslo Sporvognsdrift.
Dullard protein
In cell biology, Dullard protein is a protein coding gene involved in neural development. It is a member of DXDX(T/V) phosphatase family and is a potential regulator of neural tube development in Xenopus. The gene promotes neural development by inhibiting Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). Dullard is also known as CTDnep1, which stands for CTD nuclear envelope phosphatase 1. This gene is relatively small and only contains 244 amino acids.

Neural tube
In the developing chordate (including vertebrates), the neural tube is the embryonic precursor to the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into the closed neural tube. In humans, neural tube closure usually occurs by the fourth week of pregnancy (the 28th day after conception).
Samu (fossil)
47°37′37″N 18°23′02″E﻿ / ﻿47.627°N 18.384°E﻿ / 47.627; 18.384

Samu (VSZ II) is the nickname given to a fragmentary Middle Pleistocene human occipital, also known as Vertesszolos Man or Vertesszolos occipital, discovered in Vértesszőlős, Central Transdanubia, Hungary.

Central Transdanubia
Central Transdanubia (Hungarian: Közép-Dunántúl ['køzeːp 'dunaːntuːl]) is a statistical (NUTS 2) region of Hungary. The capital is Székesfehérvár. It is part of Transdanubia (NUTS 1) region. Central Transdanubia includes counties of Fejér, Komárom-Esztergom, and Veszprém.
Inês Sousa Real
Paula Inês Alves de Sousa Real (born 6 June 1980) is a Portuguese jurist and politician who is currently president of the People Animals Nature parliamentary group in the Assembly of the Republic. At the PAN convention on 6 June 2021, she was elected on a single list as the spokesperson of the party.

Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ ðɐ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's sovereignty bodies.

It meets in São Bento Palace, the historical site of an old Benedictine monastery. The palace has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).
James Fisher (physician)
James Fisher (before 1776 – June 26, 1822) was a medical doctor and political figure in Lower Canada.

He was probably born in Scotland and came to the Province of Quebec in 1776 as an aide at the military hospital at Quebec City. In 1783, he was named garrison surgeon. In 1787, he proposed that a medical board be set up to qualify physicians and surgeons to practice in the province; Fisher served on the first such board when it was set up the following year. In 1789, he was named a doctor at the Hôpital Général at Quebec. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Northumberland County in 1796. Fisher was named physician for the Ursulines of Quebec in 1807 and commissioner for insane asylums in 1814. In 1815, he retired from the military and, in 1816, returned to Scotland.

He died in Edinburgh in 1822.

A number of well-reputed early physicians in Lower Canada were trained by Fisher:

François Blanchet

John McLoughlin

Joseph Painchaud

Anthony von Iffland

Ursulines of Quebec
The Ursuline Monastery of Quebec City (French: Monastère des Ursulines de Québec) was founded by a missionary group of Ursuline nuns in 1639 under the leadership of Mother Marie of the Incarnation, O.S.U. It is the oldest institution of learning for women in North America. Today, the monastery serves as the General Motherhouse of the Ursuline Sisters of the Canadian Union. The community there also operates an historical museum and continues to serve as a teaching centre.

The complex was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1972.
GM-5022
GM-5022 is a non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogen which is under development for the treatment of depressive, anxiety, and other neurological disorders. It is taken orally. The drug's specific mechanism of action and chemical structure do not appear to have been disclosed yet. GM-5022 is under development by Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals. As of December 2024, it is in the preclinical research stage of development, with an Investigational New Drug (IND) application being worked on.

Investigational New Drug
The United States Food and Drug Administration's Investigational New Drug (IND) program is the means by which a pharmaceutical company obtains permission to start human clinical trials and to ship an experimental drug across state lines (usually to clinical investigators) before a marketing application for the drug has been approved. Regulations are primarily at 21 CFR 312. Similar procedures are followed in the European Union, Japan, and Canada due to regulatory harmonization efforts by the International Council for Harmonisation.
Donkey Punch (2008 film)
Donkey Punch is a 2008 British horror thriller film directed by Olly Blackburn and written by Blackburn and David Bloom. Starring Nichola Burley, Sian Breckin, Tom Burke, Jaime Winstone and Julian Morris, it follows a group of English people on holiday in Spain who end up fighting for their lives.

The San Diego Union-Tribune
The San Diego Union-Tribune is a metropolitan daily newspaper published in San Diego, California, that has run since 1868. Its name derives from what were San Diego's two major daily newspapers, the morning San Diego Union and the San Diego Evening Tribune, which had the same publisher beginning in 1901 and were frequently referred to collectively as the Union-Tribune; they were merged into a single edition under that name in 1992.

The name was changed to U-T San Diego in 2012 but returned to The San Diego Union-Tribune in 2015.

In 2015, the newspaper was acquired by Tribune Publishing. In February 2018, it was announced it would be sold, along with the Los Angeles Times, to Patrick Soon-Shiong's investment firm Nant Capital LLC for $500 million plus $90 million in pension liabilities. The sale was completed on June 18, 2018. In July 2023, Soon-Shiong sold the paper to Digital First Media, a company owned by Alden Global Capital.