hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anovelo da Imbonate
Anovelo da Imbonate was an Italian painter and manuscript illuminator of the 14th and 15th century, active in a Gothic style in Milan.

Little is known about his biography. He was likely born near Como, Italy. He signed the illuminated Messale dell'Incoronazione (Coronation Missal, circa 1395) found in the Basilica of San Ambrogio belonging to Gian Galeazzo Visconti. A second work is the Messale di Santa Tecla (1402). Among other influential illuminators of his age, whose works may have been seen by Anovelo are those of Giovannino de' Grassi and Giovanni di Benedetto da Como.

Frescoes in the Oratorio di Santo Stefano, Lentate sul Seveso are attributed to Anovelo.

Gian Galeazzo Visconti
Gian Galeazzo Visconti (16 October 1351 – 3 September 1402), was the first duke of Milan (1395) and ruled that late-medieval city just before the dawn of the Renaissance. He also ruled Lombardy jointly with his uncle Bernabò. He was the founding patron of the Certosa di Pavia, completing the Visconti Castle at Pavia begun by his father and furthering work on the Duomo of Milan. He conquered a large area in the Po valley of northern Italy. He threatened war with France in relation to the transfer of Genoa to French control as well as issues with his beloved daughter Valentina. When he died of fever in the Castello of Melegnano, his children fought with each other and fragmented the territories that he had ruled.
Tribert Rujugiro Ayabatwa
Tribert Rujugiro Ayabatwa (c. 1941 – 16 April 2024) was a Rwandan entrepreneur, best known as the founder of the Pan African Tobacco Group, the largest tobacco company in Africa.

In his later years Ayabatwa fell out with Rwandan President Paul Kagame and left the country.
Kagame accused him of funding rebel groups and of economic crimes, and tried to get him extradited from Uganda, leading to a rift between the two countries.
The government seized and sold his property in Rwanda.
Ayabatwa died in April 2024 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Tutsi
The Tutsi (/ˈtʊtsi/ TUUT-see), also called Watusi, Watutsi or Abatutsi (Kinyarwanda pronunciation: [ɑ.βɑ.tuː.t͡si]), are an ethnic group established primarily in Rwanda and Burundi. They are a Bantu-speaking people and the second-largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi, the other two being the Hutu and Twa.

Historically, the Tutsi were pastoralists and filled the ranks of the warrior caste. Before 1962, they regulated and controlled Rwandan society, which consisted of Tutsi aristocrats and Hutu commoners under a clientship structure. The Tutsi occupied the dominant positions in the sharply stratified society and constituted the ruling class.
Miss America 1977
Miss America 1977, the 50th Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 11, 1976, on NBC Network. The winner was Miss Minnesota, Dorothy Benham.

Before the finals, Benham and second runner up Carmen McCollum shared victories of the talent and swimsuit preliminary trophies. Deborah Lipford, Miss Delaware, was the first black contestant to make it to the final 10, and only the sixth to win a state level Miss America contest.

Benham became a singer, appearing often on the Crystal Cathedral religious-themed program Hour of Power.

Among the other contestants in 1977 was Miss Florida, actress Nancy Stafford, who would co-star with Andy Griffith 11 years later in the NBC TV series Matlock.

Miss Florida
The Miss Florida competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Florida in the Miss America pageant. Florida has twice won the Miss America crown.

In the fall of 2018, the Miss America Organization terminated Miss Florida organization's license as well as licenses from Georgia, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia. In December 2018, the Miss America Organization reinstated licensing for the Miss Florida Scholarship Pageant Inc., along with the organizations in Georgia, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia.

Paris Richardson of Jacksonville was crowned Miss Florida 2025 on June 28, 2025, at the RP Funding Center's Youkey Theatre in Lakeland, Florida. She competed for the title of Miss America 2026, placing 2nd runner-up, earning a Preliminary Fitness Award, and being the overall winner for the Quality of Life Award.
Maidstone Museum
Maidstone Museum is a local authority-run museum located in Maidstone, Kent, England, featuring internationally important collections including fine art, natural history, and human history. The museum is one of three operated by Maidstone Borough Council. The building is Grade II* listed.

Biological specimen
A biological specimen (also called a biospecimen) is a biological laboratory specimen held by a biorepository for research, education, or diagnostics. Such a specimen would be taken by sampling so as to be representative of any other specimen taken from the source of the specimen. When biological specimens are stored, ideally they remain equivalent to freshly-collected specimens for the purposes of research.

Human biological specimens are stored in a type of biorepository called a biobank, and the science of preserving biological specimens is most active in the field of biobanking.
Perseus (spy)
Perseus (Russian: Персей, romanized: Persey) was the code name of a hypothetical Soviet atomic spy that, if real, would have  breached United States national security by infiltrating Los Alamos National Laboratory during the development of the Manhattan Project, and consequently, would have been instrumental for the Soviets in the development of nuclear weapons. Among researchers of the subject there is some consensus that Perseus was actually a creation of Soviet intelligence. Hypotheses include that "Perseus" was created as a composite of several different spies, disinformation to distract from specific spies, or may have been invented by the KGB to promote itself to the Soviet leadership to obtain more state funding. There were, however, multiple confirmed Soviet spies on the Manhattan project. They included Theodore Hall, George Koval, Morton Sobell, David Greenglass, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Klaus Fuchs, and Harry Gold.

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is a bi-monthly, nontechnical academic journal, published by an organization of the same name. The organization named "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists" is a nonprofit organization concerning science and global security issues resulting from accelerating technological advances that have negative consequences for humanity. It publishes content both at a free-access website and through the journal. The organization has been publishing continuously since 1945, when it was founded by former Manhattan Project scientists as the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists of Chicago immediately following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The organization is also the keeper of the symbolic Doomsday Clock, the time of which is announced each January.
Pedro de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Mancera
Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Leiva, 1st Marquis of Mancera (c. 1585–1654), was a Spanish nobleman, general, colonial administrator, and diplomat. He served as Captain General of Galicia and Viceroy of Peru from December 18, 1639 to September 20, 1648.

Spanish nobility
The Spanish nobility are people who possess a title of nobility confirmed by the Spanish Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes, as well as those individuals appointed to one of Spain's three highest orders of knighthood: the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic. Some members of the Spanish nobility possess various titles that may be inherited or not, but the creation and recognition of titles is legally the prerogative of the monarchy of Spain.

Many Spanish titles and noble families still exist and many have transmitted their aristocratic status since the Middle Ages. Some aristocratic families in Spain use the nobiliary particle de before their family name, although this was more prominent before the 20th century.
African harp
African harps, particularly arched or "bow" harps, are found in several Sub-Saharan African music traditions, particularly in the north-east. Used from early times in Africa, they resemble the form of harps in ancient Egypt with a vaulted body of wood, parchment faced, and a neck, perpendicular to the resonant face, on which the strings are wound.

Fang people
The Fang people, also known as Fãn or Pahouin, are a Bantu ethnic group found in Equatorial Guinea, northern Gabon, and southern Cameroon. Representing about 85% of the total population of Equatorial Guinea, concentrated in the Río Muni region, the Fang people are its largest ethnic group. The Fang are also the largest ethnic group in Gabon, making up about a quarter of the population.
1859 Perugia uprising
The 1859 Perugia uprising occurred on 20 June 1859, in Perugia, central Italy. The inhabitants rebelled against the temporal authority of the pope (under the Papal States) and established a provisional government, but the insurrection was bloodily suppressed by Pope Pius IX's troops.

When Perugia later became free of Papal control, due to Italian unification, King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy sent some of his troops to protect the retreating Papal troops from the vengeful citizens.

Temporal power of the Holy See
The Holy See exercised temporal power, as distinguished from its spiritual and pastoral activity, while the pope ruled the Papal States in central Italy. 
The Papal States ceased to exist following the capture of Rome in 1870 by the Royal Italian Army, after which its remaining territories were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. The Lateran Treaty of 1929 later established the Vatican City, a small city-state where the Holy See currently exercises temporal powers.
Banff Formation
The Banff Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Devonian age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.

It takes the name from the town of Banff, Alberta, and was first described on the north-west slope of Mount Rundle, near Banff by E.M. Kindle in 1924.

Stratigraphic unit
A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

Units must be mappable and distinct from one another, but the contact need not be particularly distinct. For instance, a unit may be defined by terms such as "when the sandstone component exceeds 75%".
Hocking (surname)
Hocking is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amanda Hocking, American writer

Anne Hocking, English crime writer

Brian Hocking (1914–1974), Canadian entomologist

Clare Hocking, New Zealand's first occupation therapy professor

Clint Hocking (born 1972), Canadian video game director and designer

Garry Hocking, Australian rules football player for the Geelong Football Club

Gary Hocking, Welsh motorcycle racer

Heath Hocking, Australian rules football player for Essendon

Jennifer Hocking (1929–2011), Australian-born British model and magazine editor

Joseph Hocking, Cornish novelist and United Methodist Free Church minister

Silas Hocking, Methodist minister, and Victorian novelist

William Ernest Hocking, American Idealist philosopher

Clare Hocking
Clare Hocking is a New Zealand occupational therapy academic, and New Zealand's first occupation therapy professor. She is currently a full professor at the Auckland University of Technology and an honorary professor at Plymouth University.
Eric Bergoust
Eric Bergoust (born August 27, 1969) is an American freestyle skier. In 1998 Bergoust participated at the 1998 Winter Olympics held in Nagano, Japan where he won a gold medal in the freestyle ski jump (aerials).

Bergoust was born in Missoula, Montana. He has competed in aerials at four successive Winter Olympics. In addition to the gold medal in 1998, he finished 7th in 1994, 12th in 2002, and 17th in 2006.

He is one of five people known to have performed a quadruple flip on snow, along with Frank Bare, Jr., Lloyd Langlois, Matt Chojnacki and Nicolas Fontaine.

Nagano (city)
Nagano (長野市, Nagano-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜɡano, naɡanoꜜɕi]) is the capital and largest city of Nagano Prefecture, located in the Nagano Basin (Zenkoji Daira) in the central Chūbu region of Japan. Nagano is categorized as a core city of Japan. Nagano City is the highest prefectural capital in Japan, with an altitude of 371.4 meters (1,219 ft).

The city is surrounded by mountains, the highest of which is Mount Takatsuma (2,353 m), and it is near the confluence of the Chikuma River—the longest and widest river in Japan—and the Sai River. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 365,296 in 160,625 households, and a population density of 438 persons per km². The total area of the city is 834.81 square kilometres (322.32 sq mi).
Depleted community
A depleted community is a place that lacks economic growth mechanisms, but to which people maintain social valuations and place attachment. These are typically areas where the strength of capitalistic relationships has diminished within a developed economy. These locations are products of uneven development, which some consider an inherent feature of capitalism. While some areas experience economic growth, depleted communities experience economic stagnation or decline and a host of associated social problems. According to experts in the field of community economic development, depleted communities can be seen as areas that have lost much of their economic rationale as space, while retaining high attachments and social relations of place.

Location
In geography, location or place is used to denote a region (point, line, or area) on Earth's surface. The term location generally implies a higher degree of certainty than place, the latter often indicating an entity with an ambiguous boundary, relying more on human or social attributes of place identity and sense of place than on geometry. A populated place is called a settlement.
Manitoba Bisons
The Manitoba Bisons are the athletic teams that represent the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The football team plays at Princess Auto Stadium, the soccer team plays at the outdoor soccer field on campus, track and field teams use University Stadium, and the volleyball and basketball teams play at Investors Group Athletic Centre. The University has 18 different teams in 10 sports: basketball, curling, cross country running, Canadian football, golf, ice hockey, soccer, swimming, track & field, and volleyball.

Blake Watson
Blake Watson (born October 14, 1999) is an American professional football running back for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Old Dominion Monarchs and Memphis Tigers and was signed by the Denver Broncos as an undrafted free agent in 2024.
Val Robinson (field hockey)
Valerie Robinson OBE (née Walsh; 18 December 1941 – 13 February 2022) was an England and Great Britain field hockey international, who played 149 international games and represented her country for more than 20 years.

Great Britain women's national field hockey team
The Great Britain women's national field hockey team represents part of the United Kingdom in international field hockey tournaments such as the Summer Olympics.

In most other competitions, including the Women's Hockey World Cup, the Commonwealth Games and some editions of the Hockey Champions Trophy, three of the home nations compete in their own right: England and Scotland and Wales, while Northern Ireland is represented as part of the all-Ireland team.

The team has won gold once and bronze on three occasions at the Summer Olympics, and silver once in the 
Champions Trophy.
Malamatina
Malamatina (Greek: Μαλαματίνα) is the name of a Greek wine brand, mostly known for its retsina.

It was founded in Alexandroupoli in 1895 by Konstantinos Malamatinas, a native of the island of Tenedos. The company has facilities in Kalubia and Thessaloniki, where it has its base.

Retsina
Retsina (Greek: ρετσίνα) is a Greek white (or rosé or very rarely red) resinated wine, which has been made for at least 2,000 years. Its unique flavor is said to have originated from the practice of sealing wine vessels, particularly amphorae, with Aleppo pine resin in ancient times. Before the invention of impermeable glass bottles, oxygen caused many wines to spoil within a year. Pine resin helped keep air out, while infusing the wine with resin aroma. The Romans began to use barrels in the 3rd century AD, removing any oenological necessity for resin, but the flavor itself was so popular that the style is still widespread.
Dauphin (surname)
Dauphin is the surname of:

Charles Dauphin (c. 1620–1677), French painter

Chuck Dauphin (1974–2019), American music journalist

Claude Dauphin (actor) (1903–1978), French actor

Claude Dauphin (businessman) (1951–2015), French billionaire businessman

Claude Dauphin (politician) (born 1953), Canadian politician

Claudine Dauphin (born 1950), a French archaeologist

François Dauphin (born 1953), Canadian handball player

Jacques Dauphin (1923–1994), French advertising executive

Laurent Dauphin (born 1995), Canadian ice hockey player

Marc Dauphin (born 1960), Canadian military surgeon

Max Dauphin (born 1977), Luxembourgish painter

Robert Dauphin (1905–1961), French footballer

Ronald Dauphin, Haitian activist and political prisoner

Claude Dauphin (businessman)
Claude Dauphin (10 June 1951 – 30 September 2015) was a French billionaire businessman and executive chairman of Trafigura Beheer BV, a company specialising in commodity trading (oil, metals, ores). He was a founding partner of Trafigura and its CEO for a time. In March 2013, his net worth was estimated at $1 billion by Forbes.
Elberton, Gloucestershire
Elberton is a village in the civil parish of Aust, in the South Gloucestershire district, in the ceremonial county of Gloucestershire, England. In 2011 it had a population of 99.

The village is located near the River Severn and the Severn Bridge, and is situated on the main road between the villages of Aust and Alveston. The nearest town is Thornbury and the nearest city is Bristol. Neighbouring villages also include Olveston and Littleton-upon-Severn.

Elberton is mostly a farming community, with a church, a village hall, and a garage.

Severn Bridge
The Severn Bridge (Welsh: Pont Hafren) is a motorway suspension bridge that spans the River Severn between South Gloucestershire in England and Monmouthshire in South East Wales. It is the original Severn road crossing between England and Wales, and took three and a half years to build, at a cost of £8 million. It replaced the 137-year-old Aust Ferry.

The bridge was opened in 1966 by Queen Elizabeth II. For thirty years, the bridge carried the M4 motorway. It was granted Grade I listed status in 1999.

Following the completion of the Prince of Wales Bridge, the section of motorway from Olveston in England to Magor in Wales was designated the M48.

In addition to carrying the motorway, the bridge has service paths on each side which are open to pedestrians and cyclists. These carry National Cycle Route 4 and EuroVelo cycle routes, as well as hosting a weekly parkrun.
Borealonectes
Borealonectes is a genus of rhomaleosaurid pliosauroid, a type of plesiosaur.  Its fossils were found in the Callovian-age (Middle Jurassic, about 165-161 million years ago) Hiccles Cove Formation of Melville Island, Canada, one of the islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.  It is based on a skull, neck vertebrae, and the right forelimb of one individual. Named in 2008 by Sato and Wu, Borealonectes is one of the few plesiosaurs known from the Jurassic of North America, and the first marine reptile from the Canadian Arctic with a well-preserved skull. The type species is B. russelli.

Arctic Archipelago
The Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is an archipelago lying to the north of the Canadian continental mainland, excluding Greenland (an autonomous territory of the Danish Realm, which is, by itself, much larger than the combined area of the archipelago), and Iceland (an independent country).

Situated in the northern extremity of North America and covering about 1,424,500 km2 (550,000 sq mi), this group of 36,563 islands, surrounded by the Arctic Ocean, comprises much of Northern Canada, predominately Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. The archipelago is showing some effects of climate change, with some computer estimates determining that melting there will contribute 3.5 cm (1.4 in) to the rise in sea levels by 2100.
Polissoir
A polissoir (French for "polisher") or polishing stone is a Neolithic stone tool used for polishing and sharpening stone objects, particularly axes. Polissoirs contrast with grindstones, of a later period, which are stones used to grind or sharpen ferrous objects. These artifacts, dating to approximately 5,000 years ago, provide insight into the technological advancements and craftsmanship of Neolithic societies.

Grindstone
A grindstone, also known as grinding stone, is a sharpening stone used for grinding or sharpening ferrous tools, used since ancient times. Tools are sharpened by the stone's abrasive qualities that remove material from the tool through friction in order to create a fine edge. Similar to sandpaper, each stone has a different grit that will result in sharper or duller tools. In Australia, Aboriginal peoples created grinding grooves by repeated shaping of stone axes against outcrops of sandstone.
St. Joseph's High School (Camden, New Jersey)
St. Joseph's High School was a four-year private high school founded in 1946 by St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Diocese of Camden, located in Camden, New Jersey, that was closed in 1979 in the face of declining enrollment.

Diocese of Camden
The Diocese of Camden (Latin: Dioecesis Camdensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It consists of about 475,000 Catholics in the South Jersey counties of Atlantic, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, and Salem. The mother church is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Camden. The bishop is Joseph A. Williams.
Dotyville, Wisconsin
Dotyville is an unincorporated community located in the town of Forest, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, United States. The community was named for James Duane Doty, the first person to represent Wisconsin's third congressional district after statehood and Governor of the Utah Territory during the American Civil War.

Utah Territory
The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state.  At its creation, the Territory of Utah included all of the present-day State of Utah, most of the current state of Nevada save for a portion of Southern Nevada (including the metro area of the city of Las Vegas), much of modern western Colorado, and the extreme southwest corner of present-day Wyoming.
Rozsochy
Rozsochy is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

Rozsochy lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Žďár nad Sázavou, 47 kilometres (29 mi) east of Jihlava, and 143 kilometres (89 mi) south-east of Prague.

Žďár nad Sázavou
Žďár nad Sázavou (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʒɟaːr ˈnat saːzavou]; German: Saar) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 20,000 inhabitants. The town is an industrial and tourist centre. It is known for the Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.