hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Poles in the Soviet Union
The Polish minority in the Soviet Union are Polish diaspora who used to reside near or within the borders of the Soviet Union before its dissolution. Some of them continued to live in the post-Soviet states, most notably in Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine, the areas historically associated with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as in Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan among others.

Vyacheslav Menzhinsky
Vyacheslav Rudolfovich Menzhinsky (Russian: Вячесла́в Рудо́льфович Менжи́нский, Polish: Wiesław Rudolfowicz Mężyński; 31 August [O.S. 19 August] 1874 – 10 May 1934) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician who served as chairman of the OGPU, the secret police of the Soviet Union, from 1926 to 1934.

Born to Polish parents in Saint Petersburg, Menzhinsky joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1902. He emigrated from Russia in 1907, and spent the next decade in Europe and the United States. After the 1917 February Revolution, he joined the Cheka in 1919, and in 1923 was promoted to its deputy under  Felix Dzerzhinsky. After his death in 1926, Menzhinsky became head of the Cheka's successor, the OGPU. He worked to crush resistance in the countryside during Joseph Stalin's forced agricultural collectivization.
Mark Diacono
Mark Diacono is a food writer, grower, photographer and cook, who has published 13 books. In 2015, he won the André Simon Food Book of the Year 2014 for his book A Year at Otter Farm, and in 2011 he was awarded Food Book of the Year for A Taste of the Unexpected by the Guild of Food Writers.

He established a smallholding, Otter Farm, near Honiton in East Devon, England. In 2016 Otter Farm was featured on Grand Designs when Mark, wife Candida and daughter Nell contracted the build of the farmhouse and adjoining cookery school in steel frame and cob.

He has a long association with River Cottage, having appeared in the TV series, run courses, written books and led the garden team there.

Mark is an Honorary Fellow of Liverpool University, was awarded an Honorary Degree by University of Winchester, and has a MSc in Environmental Management and Planning (Distinction) from Oxford Brookes University.

Honiton
Honiton (/ˈhɒnitən/) is a market town and civil parish in East Devon, situated close to the River Otter, 17 miles (27 km) north east of Exeter in the county of Devon. Honiton has a population estimated at 12,154 (based on 2021 census).
Eric Wall
Christianity portal

Eric St Quintin Wall (19 April 1915 – 11 April 2011) was the second Bishop of Huntingdon from 1972 to 1980 and from then on an Assistant Bishop within the Diocese of Gloucester. The son of a clergyman – Sydney Herbert Wall —, he was born on 19 April 1915 and educated at Clifton College and Brasenose College, Oxford. Ordained in 1939 he began his ecclesiastical career with a curacy in Boston, Lincolnshire after which he was a World War II chaplain in the RAFVR. When peace returned he held incumbencies at Malmesbury, Cricklade and then finally (before his appointment to the episcopate) at Westbury Park, Bristol.

Cricklade
Cricklade is a town and civil parish on the River Thames in north Wiltshire, England, midway between Swindon and Cirencester. It is the first downstream town on the Thames. The parish population at the 2011 census was 4,227.
Richard Campbell (American musician)
Richard J. Campbell (born December 7, 1958) is an American musician best known for his work as a bass guitarist and vocalist for Natalie Cole in the 1980s, and more recently with Three Dog Night, Dave Mason, and America.

Campbell was born in Van Nuys, California, and moved with his family to Paradise, California in 1966, where Campbell began playing piano age 7.  He took up trumpet in grammar school, then switched to bass guitar in high school and began performing around northern California with his band "Music Company" which featured Scott Dugdale  (original music composer for Astronomy: Observations and Theories) on drums and Steve Williams on keyboards.  Later, Glynnis Talken, Campbell's future wife, joined the band for a television telethon performance for KHSL TV in Chico, California.

After two years studying music at California State University, Chico (CSU Chico) Campbell transferred to CSU Northridge to complete his studies and to be closer to the music industry.

Van Nuys
Van Nuys (/væn ˈnaɪz/ ⓘ van NYZE) is a neighborhood in the central San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California, United States. Home to Van Nuys Airport and the Valley Municipal Building, it is the most populous neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley.
Ligovsky Canal
The Ligovsky Canal (Russian: Ли́говский кана́л) is one of the longest canals of Saint Petersburg (Russia). Constructed in 1721, it is 23 kilometres (14 mi) long. Its purpose was to supply water for the fountains of the Summer Garden. The canal delivered water from the river to ponds on the current Nekrasov Street.

Summer Garden
The Summer Garden (Russian: Летний сад, romanized: Letny sad) is a historic public garden that occupies an eponymous island between the Neva, Fontanka, Moika, and the Swan Canal in 
downtown Saint Petersburg, Russia and shares its name with the adjacent Summer Palace of Peter the Great. Its inception dates back to the early 18th century when Russia took these lands from Sweden in the Great Northern War. Being a monument of landscape architecture featuring original and copied sculptures of classical mythology characters, a former royal palace and a monument to the fable author Ivan Krylov, the garden is now a branch of the Saint Petersburg-based national art treasury Russian Museum.
Social media age verification laws in the United States
In the United States, age verification laws for social media are ostensibly designed to limit young people's access to content deemed problematic such as pornography and to reduce the negative impact of social media on the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents.

The purpose and effects of such laws are highly contested. Critics say that these laws suppress free speech by removing online anonymity. They have also stated the laws undermine safety, even for children, by increasing the exposure of user data to breaches, many sites require government IDs and biometric data (such as photographs), often transmitted or secured insecurely and without encryption. They also note that the measures are easily circumvented with VPNs, prompting some states such as Michigan and Wisconsin to propose legislation banning VPNs.

Computer & Communications Industry Association
The Computer and Communications Industry Association (CCIA) is an international non-profit advocacy organization based in Washington, DC, United States which represents the information and communications technology industries. According to their site, CCIA "promotes open markets, open systems, open networks, and full, fair, and open competition." Established in 1972, CCIA was active in antitrust cases involving IBM, AT&T and Microsoft, and lobbied for net neutrality, copyright and patent reform and against internet censorship and policies, mergers or other situations that would reduce competition. CCIA released a study it commissioned by an MIT professor, which analyzed the cost of patent trolls to the economy, a study on the economic benefits of Fair Use, and has testified before the Senate on limiting government surveillance and on internet censorship as a trade issue.
Richard Wilson (painter)
Richard Wilson RA (1 August 1714 – 15 May 1782) was a Welsh painter who specialised in landscape art and worked in Britain and Italy. With George Lambert he is recognised as a pioneer in British art of landscape for its own sake and was described in the Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales as the "most distinguished painter Wales has ever produced and the first to appreciate the aesthetic possibilities of his country". In December 1768 Wilson became one of the founder-members of the Royal Academy. A catalogue raisonné of the artist's work compiled by Paul Spencer-Longhurst is published by the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art.

Encyclopaedia of Wales
The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales, published in January 2008, is a single-volume-publication encyclopaedia about Wales. The Welsh-language edition, entitled Gwyddoniadur Cymru is regarded as the most ambitious encyclopaedic work to be published in Welsh since the 19th century. The English-language and Welsh-language editions were published simultaneously.
Mark Williams (album)
Mark Williams is the self-titled debut studio album by New Zealand-born singer Mark Williams. It was released in June 1975 a year after being signed to EMI Music by Alan Galbraith. The album peaked at number 2 on the Official New Zealand Music Chart, remaining on the charts for 30 weeks. It was the highest selling album by a New Zealand artist in New Zealand in 1975.

Official Aotearoa Music Charts
The Official Aotearoa Music Charts, formerly the Official New Zealand Music Chart (Māori: Te Papa Tātai Waiata Matua o Aotearoa), is the weekly New Zealand top 40 singles and albums charts, issued weekly by Recorded Music NZ (formerly Recording Industry Association of New Zealand). The Music Chart also includes the top 40 Hot Singles chart, the top 20 New Zealand artist singles and albums, the top 20 Hot New Zealand singles, and top 10 compilation albums. All charts are compiled from data of both physical and digital sales from music retailers in New Zealand.

The chart also publishes gold and platinum certifications of albums and singles, according to thresholds set by Recorded Music NZ, through the database on radioscope.net.nz.
Czyżowice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Czyżowice [t͡ʂɨʐɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bejsce, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies about 2 km (1 mi) north of Bejsce, 10 km (6 mi) east of Kazimierza Wielka, and 69 km (43 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Kazimierza Wielka
Kazimierza Wielka ([kaʑiˈmʲɛʐa ˈvʲɛlka] ⓘ) is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 45 kilometres (28 miles) northeast of Kraków. It is the administrative seat of Kazimierza County. With a population of 5,848 (2005), it is the smallest county seat in Poland. Kazimierza Wielka is located in Lesser Poland Upland and historically belongs to the province of Lesser Poland. For most of its history, it was a village, and did not receive its town charter until 1959.
Vanuatu Council of Trade Unions
The Vanuatu Council of Trade Unions (VCTU), in French Conseil des syndicats de Vanuatu, is the sole national trade union center in Vanuatu. It was founded in 1985 and all five unions in Vanuatu are affiliated to it. Membership has declined since 1994, when bitter strikes and conflict with the Maxime Carlot Korman government resulted in wholesale dismissals and new anti-strike legislation.

The VCTU is affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation.

Trade union federation
Organizers within trade unions have sought to increase the bargaining power of workers in regards to collective bargaining by acting in collaboration with other trade unions. Multi-union organizing can take place on an informal basis, or on a more formal basis via an umbrella organization comprising multiple trade unions. Such umbrella organizations may be referred to as a trade union federation, trade union confederation, or trade union centre.
Mandor railway station
Mandor railway station is a main railway station in Jodhpur district, Rajasthan. Its code is MDB. It serves Jodhpur city. The station consists of 2 platforms. The platform is not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation. It is located approximately 8 km from Jodhpur railway station. The railway station is under the administrative control of North Western Railway of Indian Railways.

North Western Railway zone
The North Western Railway (abbreviated NWR) is one of 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Jaipur. It has a route length of more than 5,761 kilometres (3,580 mi) across the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana. NWR operates international rail service Thar Express from Jodhpur to Karachi. This zone is the key enabler of the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) project by virtue of running railways 1,500 km long Western Dedicated Freight Corridor.
Athletics at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's high jump
The women's high jump competition of the athletics events at the 2015 Pan American Games took place on July 22 at the CIBC Pan Am and Parapan Am Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is 	Lesyani Mayor of Cuba.

Lesyani Mayor
Lesyani Mayor Gil (born 8 July 1989) is a Cuban track and field athlete who competes in the high jump. Her personal best for the event is 1.93 metres, set in 2010. She was a World Junior bronze medallist in 2008 and won a senior bronze at the Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics a year later. Mayor was the gold medallist in the high jump at the 2011 Pan American Games.
KVFC
KVFC (740 AM) is a radio station in Cortez, Colorado broadcasting a News Talk Information format.  KVFC was among the first radio stations in the Four Corners Region, first licensed in 1955 to Cortez businessman Jack Hawkins.  Today, KVFC-AM is located on Hawkins Street in Cortez, named after the station's founder. The station is currently owned by Hutton Broadcasting, LLC,  and carries a weekday line-up of Gordon Deal, Glenn Beck, Sean Hannity, Dave Ramsey and Mark Levin, among others. It currently simulcasts with KENN (AM) in Farmington, New Mexico.

740 AM is a Canadian clear-channel frequency, on which CFZM in Toronto, Ontario is the dominant Class A station.

Cortez, Colorado
Cortez (/ˈkɔːrtɛz/ ⓘ) is a home-rule municipality that is the county seat of and the most populous municipality in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The city's population was 8,766 at the 2020 United States census.
4th Hanoi International Film Festival
The 4th Hanoi International Film Festival opened on November 1 and closed on November 5, 2016, at Hanoi Friendship Cultural Palace, with the slogan "Cinema - Integration and Sustainable Development" (Vietnamese: "Điện ảnh - Hội nhập và phát triển bền vững").

From more than 500 films submitted, 146 films from 33 countries were selected for screening, of which 12 long films and 30 short films participated in the competition.

Hanoi International Film Festival
The Hanoi International Film Festival (Vietnamese: Liên hoan phim quốc tế Hà Nội), short form as HANIFF is a biennial film festival held in Hanoi, Vietnam around October or November. Founded in 2010 as Vietnam International Film Festival, it is the first international film festival in Vietnam, which introduces new films of all genres, including feature, short, documentary, animated to the audience. Since 2016, it has expanded its entry to all cinemas of countries and regions around the world, instead of just films in the Asia-Pacific region as before.

The festival is jointly organized by Vietnam Cinema Department from the Ministry of Culture, Sports & Tourism and Department of Culture & Sports from Hanoi People's Committee. Mrs. Ngô Phương Lan, incumbent director of Vietnam Cinema Department, has been served as Festival Director since it was founded.
Goodbye on a Bad Day
"Goodbye on a Bad Day" is a debut song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Shannon Lawson.  It was released on January 28, 2002 as the first single from the album Chase the Sun.  The song reached #28 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.  The song was written by Lawson and Mark A. Peters.

Shannon Lawson
Shannon Lee Lawson (born July 12, 1973) is an American country music artist and songwriter.

Lawson was originally signed to MCA Nashville Records, which released his debut album Chase the Sun in 2002. It produced two minor chart singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, including the No. 28-peaking "Goodbye on a Bad Day". Two years later, he was signed to Equity Music Group, a label owned by singer Clint Black. Although Lawson charted two more singles during his tenure on this label, his album for Equity (titled Big Yee-Haw) was not released.
Steve Enich
Steve Enich (1923–2004) was an American sportsman who played guard in the National Football League. He was drafted in the fourth round of the 1945 NFL draft by the Boston Yanks and played that season with the Chicago Cardinals.

1945 NFL draft
The 1945 NFL draft was held on April 8, 1945, at the Commodore Hotel in New York City, New York. Perhaps as a tip of the hat to wartime sensibilities, the 1945 draft was officially called the "1944 Preferred Negotiations List" by the league.

With the first overall pick of the draft, the Chicago Cardinals selected halfback Charley Trippi.

Although there were formally 32 rounds of the draft, each of the 11 teams made a total of 30 selections, with a total of 330 players chosen. A total of 22 players were selected before they became eligible for the draft under league rules. These draft choices were forfeited by the team and are noted below. The actual number of drafted-and-eligible players chosen in the 1945 draft was thus 308.
Médard Tytgat
Médard Tytgat (8 February 1871 – 11 January 1948) was a Belgian painter, lithographer, book illustrator and poster artist known for portraits, nudes, and landscapes. He was born in Bruges. From 1890 to 1894, he studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts of Brussels with Jean-François Portaels. He took part in the art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics. He died in Brussels.

Tytgat was considered a mediocre painter, but was more highly regarded as an illustrator. His younger brother, Edgard Tytgat, was also an artist. A grandson, Médard-Siegfried Tytgat (1916–1997), was a painter.

Art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Art competitions were held as part of the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.  Medals were awarded in five categories (architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture), for works inspired by sport-related themes.

Art competitions were part of the Olympic program from 1912 to 1948, but were discontinued due to concerns about amateurism and professionalism.  Since 1952, a non-competitive art and cultural festival has been associated with each Games.
Jason McCoombs
Jason McCoombs (born April 24, 1993) is a Canadian sprint canoeist.

His home club is the Banook Canoe Club in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada. As a 16-year-old at the 2009 Canada Games McCoombs represented Nova Scotia where he won three gold medals, two individually in the 200 and 500 m, as well as one in the C-2 1000 m. He won another three gold medals at the 2010 Junior Pan American Canoe Championships in Mexico in the C-1 200m, 500m and the C-2 200m. In addition he won two silver medals in the C-1 1000m and C-4 1000m.

McCoombs competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the C-1 200 metres event placing 12th. At the 2013 Under-23 World Championships in Niagara he claimed the silver medal in the C-1 200m.

Niagara Falls, Ontario
Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario, Canada, adjacent to, and named after, Niagara Falls. As of the 2021 census, the city had a population of 94,415. The city is located on the Niagara Peninsula along the western bank of the Niagara River, which forms part of the Canada–United States border, with the other side being the twin city of Niagara Falls, New York. Niagara Falls is  within the Regional Municipality of Niagara and a part of the St. Catharines - Niagara Census Metropolitan Area (CMA).

Tourism is a major part of the city's economy: its skyline consists of multiple high-rise hotels and observation towers that overlook the waterfalls and adjacent parkland. Souvenir shops, arcades, museums, amusement rides, indoor water parks, casinos, theatres and a convention centre are located nearby in the city's large tourist area. Other parts of the city include historic sites from the War of 1812, parks, golf courses, commercial spaces, and residential neighbourhoods.
Meg Froelich
Meg M. Froelich is an American politician serving as a member of the Colorado House of Representatives from the 3rd district, which includes Greenwood Village, Colorado. Froelich assumed office on January 14, 2019.

Colorado House of Representatives
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Colorado. The House is composed of 65 members from an equal number of constituent districts, with each district having roughly 80,000 people.  Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and are limited to four consecutive terms in office, but can run again after a four-year respite.

The Colorado House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
2020 German Darts Championship
The 2020 German Darts Championship was a PDC European Tour event on the 2020 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at Halle 39, Hildesheim, Germany. It featured a field of 48 players and £140,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner. It was the second event on the 2020 European Tour.

Daryl Gurney was the defending champion after defeating Ricky Evans 8–6 in the final of the 2019 tournament, but he lost 6–2 to Danny Noppert in the quarter-finals.

Devon Petersen won his first PDC title, beating Jonny Clayton 8–3 in the final, which also meant he became the first player from Africa to win a PDC ranking title outside of Africa.

Hildesheim
Hildesheim is a city in Lower Saxony, north-central Germany. With a population of over 100,000, it is located southeast of Hanover on the Innerste river, a tributary of the Leine.

The first settlement was created in 815 by Emperor Louis the Pious, who established the Diocese of Hildesheim. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985, and in 2015 the city and diocese celebrated their 1200th anniversary.
George Wilson (Yorkshire cricketer)
George Arthur Wilson (2 February 1916 – 24 September 2002) was an English amateur first-class cricketer, who played fifteen matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club between 1936 and 1939.

Born in Whitkirk, Leeds, Yorkshire, England, Wilson scored 352 runs at 17.60 and, bowling slow left-arm, took one wicket for 138. His highest score of 55 not out came against Northamptonshire, at North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough in 1938, when he added an unbroken 84 for the sixth wicket with his captain, Brian Sellers.

Wilson played his early cricket with Whitkirk C.C., and subsequently graduated to the Bradford League with Saltaire C.C. and Windhill C.C. He was a businessman in Leeds, before retiring to Oxford.

He died in September 2002 in Oxford, aged 86.

North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough
North Marine Road Ground, formerly known as Queen's, is a cricket ground in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England.  It is the home of Scarborough Cricket Club which hosts the Scarborough Festival and the Yorkshire County Cricket Club plays a series of fixtures in the second half of the season each year.  The current capacity is 9,000, while its record attendance is the 22,946 who watched Yorkshire play Derbyshire in 1947.  The two ‘ends’ are known as the Peasholm Park End and the Trafalgar Square End.