hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moroxydine
Moroxydine is an antiviral drug that was originally developed in the 1950s as an influenza treatment. It has potential applications against a number of RNA and DNA viruses. Structurally moroxydine is a heterocyclic biguanidine.

It was reported in March 2014 that three kindergartens in two provinces of China had been found to be secretly dosing their students with moroxydine hydrochloride to try to prevent them from becoming ill. The kindergartens are paid only for the days that pupils attend and wanted to ensure that they maximised their earnings. In 2019, the Food and Drug Administration discovered the presence of moroxydine in a male enhancement product that was already found to contain undeclared sildenafil.

Antiviral drug
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from virucides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Natural virucides are produced by some plants such as eucalyptus and Australian tea trees.
Treasure State (short story)
"Treasure State" is a short story by American author Smith Henderson, originally published in Tin House in 2015, and then in the 2016 edition of The Best American Short Stories. Anthology editor Junot Díaz called “Treasure State” a “bruising portrait of brotherly rage”.

Junot Díaz
Junot Díaz (/ˈdʒuːnoʊ/ JOO-noh; born December 31, 1968) is a Dominican American writer, creative writing professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a former fiction editor at Boston Review.  Central to Díaz's work is the immigrant experience, particularly the Latino immigrant experience.

Born in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, Díaz migrated with his family to New Jersey when he was six years old. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Rutgers University, and shortly after graduating created the character "Yunior", who served as narrator of several of his later books. After obtaining his MFA from Cornell University, Díaz published his first book, the 1995 short story collection Drown.

Diaz received the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for his novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, and received a MacArthur Fellowship "Genius Grant" in 2012.
Turtlecreek Township, Warren County, Ohio
Turtlecreek Township is one of the eleven townships of Warren County, Ohio, United States.  It is in the central part of the county and surrounds the county seat of Lebanon.  Turtlecreek is the largest township in the county, originally containing sixty-three whole and seven fractional sections.  The population was 17,644 as of the 2020 census.

Mason, Ohio
Mason is a city in southwestern Warren County, Ohio, United States. The population was 34,792 at the 2020 census. Located approximately 22 miles (35 km) north of downtown Cincinnati, it is home to Fortune 500 corporation Cintas, the Kings Island amusement park, and the Lindner Family Tennis Center, home of the Cincinnati Open.
Wilga Rivers
Wilga Marie Rivers (13 April 1919 – 23 June 2007) was an Australian linguist and Professor of Romance Languages. While she taught at both the secondary-education and college level throughout her life, she spent the majority of her career on the faculty of Harvard University. There, she served as a Professor of Romance Languages and Coordinator of Language Instruction in Romance Languages, fulfilling these roles until her eventual retirement in 1989.

Rivers was best known for her work in the field of foreign language acquisition and foreign language pedagogy, promoting and popularizing a number of methods used in modern language teaching. In opposition to the popular audiolingualism in her contemporary era, Rivers advocated for a shift towards an interactive and communication-based method of language teaching. She also promoted the use of technology and integration of psychology in language teaching, stances that were not wide spread at the time.

Second-language acquisition
Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process of learning a language other than one's native language (L1). SLA research examines how learners develop their knowledge of second language.

SLA research spans cognitive, social, and linguistic perspectives:

Cognitive approaches investigate memory and attention processes.

Sociocultural theories emphasize the role of social interaction and immersion

Linguistic studies examine the innate and learned aspects of language.

Individual factors like age, motivation, and personality also influence SLA, as seen in discussions on the critical period hypothesis and learning strategies. In addition to acquisition, SLA explores language loss, or second-language attrition, and the impact of formal instruction on learning outcomes.
USS Warrington (DD-383)
USS Warrington (DD-383) was a Somers-class destroyer, laid down on 10 October 1935 at Kearny, New Jersey, by the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company; launched on 15 May 1937; sponsored by Miss Katherine Taft Chubb; and commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 9 February 1938.

She was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Lewis Warrington, an officer in the Navy during the Barbary Wars and the War of 1812. He also temporarily served as the Secretary of the Navy.

After several years of service in the Pacific theater during World War II, Warrington was sunk by the 1944 Great Atlantic hurricane off the Bahamas on 13 September 1944.

Kearny, New Jersey
Kearny (/ˈkɑːrni/ KAR-nee) is a town in the western part of Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, and a suburb of Newark. As of the 2020 United States census, the town's population was 41,999, an increase of 1,315 (+3.2%) from the 2010 census count of 40,684, which in turn reflected an increase of 171 (+0.4%) from the 40,513 counted in the 2000 census.

Kearny is named after Civil War general Philip Kearny. It began as a township formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1867, from portions of Harrison Township. Portions of the township were taken on July 3, 1895, to form East Newark. Kearny was incorporated as a town on January 19, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier. The Arlington section of town was named for Arlington Station on the Erie Railroad at the Arlington Mill plant, owned by Arlington Mills of Lawrence, Massachusetts.
Ochsattel
Ochsattel (el. 820 m.) is a mountain pass in the foothills of the Austrian Alps in the Bundesland of Lower Austria.

It connects St. Aegyd am Neuwalde and Kalte Kuchl. The pass road has a maximum grade of 10 percent.

Foothills
Foothills or piedmont are geographically defined as gradual increases in elevation at the base of a mountain range, higher hill range or an upland area. They are a transition zone between plains and low relief hills and the adjacent topographically higher mountains, hills, and uplands.  Frequently foothills consist of alluvial fans, coalesced alluvial fans, and dissected plateaus.
Mark Powell (novelist)
Mark Powell (born 1976) is an American novelist. He is the author of nine novels, most recently The Late Rebellion and Hurricane Season. A highly decorated author, he has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Breadloaf Writers' Conference, as well as two Fulbright Fellowships. Educated at The Citadel, The University of South Carolina, and Yale Divinity School, Powell teaches in the English Department at Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina. He repeatedly serves as the fiction workshop leader for the Hindman Settlement School's Appalachian Writers Workshop and the Mountain Heritage Literary Festival at Lincoln Memorial University. Powell's early work has established him in the southern Appalachian tradition alongside writers such as Pamela Duncan, Silas House and Ron Rash. His recent fiction is more global in scope, in the vein of Robert Stone and Bob Shacochis.

Hindman Settlement School
Hindman Settlement School is a settlement school located in Hindman, Kentucky in Knott County. Established in 1902, it was the first rural settlement school in America. It is financially supported by the Daughters of the American Revolution.
Saunders Park, Philadelphia
Philadelphia portal

Saunders Park is a neighborhood in the West Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is bounded by Powelton Avenue, 38th Street, Lancaster Avenue, and 40th Street. It is west of Powelton Village and north of Spruce Hill.

It is named for the park at the northeastern corner of 39th and Powelton Avenue. The Penn Presbyterian Medical Center is adjacent to the park.

Saunders Park is often considered to be a part of West Powelton, which extends out to 42nd Street.

The neighborhood has participated in planning for its future with the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. The report of that plan is available here.

Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission
The Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) is the metropolitan planning organization for the Delaware Valley. Created in 1965 by an interstate compact, DVRPC is responsible for transportation and regional planning in the greater Philadelphia area.
Toroid
In mathematics, a toroid is a surface of revolution with a hole in the middle. The axis of revolution passes through the hole and so does not intersect the surface. For example, when a rectangle is rotated around an axis parallel to one of its edges, then a hollow rectangle-section ring is produced. If the revolved figure is a circle, then the object is called a torus.

The term toroid is also used to describe a toroidal polyhedron. In this context a toroid need not be circular and may have any number of holes. A g-holed toroid can be seen as approximating the surface of a torus having a topological genus, g, of 1 or greater. The Euler characteristic χ of a g holed toroid is 2(1−g).

The torus is an example of a toroid, which is the surface of a doughnut. Doughnuts are an example of a solid torus created by rotating a disk, and are not toroids.

Toroidal structures occur in both natural and synthetic materials.

Euler characteristic
In mathematics, and more specifically in algebraic topology and polyhedral combinatorics, the Euler characteristic (or Euler number, or Euler–Poincaré characteristic) is a topological invariant, a number that describes a topological space's shape or structure regardless of the way it is bent. It is commonly denoted by  (Greek lower-case letter chi).

The Euler characteristic was originally defined for polyhedra and used to prove various theorems about them, including the classification of the Platonic solids. It was stated for Platonic solids in 1537 in an unpublished manuscript by Francesco Maurolico. Leonhard Euler, for whom the concept is named, introduced it for convex polyhedra more generally but failed to rigorously prove that it is an invariant. In modern mathematics, the Euler characteristic arises from homology and, more abstractly, homological algebra.
HostAP
HostAP is a IEEE 802.11 device driver for Linux. It works with cards using the obsolete Conexant (formerly Intersil) Prism 2/2.5/3 chipset and supports Host AP mode, which allows a WLAN card to perform all the functions of a wireless access point.

The driver code was written by Jouni Malinen, hired by Atheros in 2008, and was included into the main kernel tree in Linux 2.6.14.

As of November 2016, HostAP is officially obsolete in the Linux kernel.

Intersil
Intersil is an American semiconductor company headquartered in Milpitas, California. It was formed in 1967 by Jean Hoerni, one of the original traitorous eight. The company initially worked primarily on analog electronics, but later moved into CMOS designs and produced some of the earliest electronic watches. They leveraged th produced a series of CMOS devices, including the Intersil 6100, a single-chip implementation of the PDP-8 computer.

Intersil was purchased by Harris Corporation in 1988, one of Intersil's major second source providers. The Intersil brand was later abandoned and became Harris Semiconductor. In August 1999, Harris sold off its semiconductor division to a newly-formed Intersil Corp. This was purchased by Renesas in February 2017. Today, they concentrate on power management IC, with specialized capability in power management and precision analog technology for applications in industrial, infrastructure, mobile, automotive and aerospace.
Stambaugh (surname)
Stambaugh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Isabel Stambaugh, United States Army nurse during World War I

Melanie Stambaugh, American politician

Wesley Stambaugh, Canadian Senator

Robert F. Stambaugh, American economist

John E. Stambaugh, American classical scholar

Joan Stambaugh, American philosopher

Isabel Stambaugh
J. Isabel Stambaugh (August 15, 1879 – May 11, 1969) was a United States Army nurse during World War I who served on the front line at a British Causality Clearing Center out of Base Hospital No. 10.

Stambaugh was one of four women who received the United States Distinguished Service Cross for her heroism during World War I.

In February 1935, she was part of a group of wounded veterans who "received the Purple Heart decoration" from the Purple Heart Association (Chapter No. 4) during a celebration of U.S. President George Washington's birthday anniversary in Philadelphia.
Abdollah Masud-e Sofla
Abdollah Masud-e Sofla (Persian: عبداله مسعودسفلي, also Romanized as ‘Abdollāh Mas‘ūd-e Soflá; also known as Abdollah Mas’ood, ‘Abdollāh Mas‘ūd, and Abdullāh Masūd) is a village in Hesar-e Valiyeasr Rural District, Central District, Avaj County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 72, in 15 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
Ezekiel 35
Ezekiel 35 is the thirty-fifth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter contains a prophecy against Mount Seir in Edom, to the south of Judah. Biblical commentator Susan Galambush pairs it with an oracle promising "restoration to the mountains of Israel" in the following chapter.

New King James Version
The New King James Version (NKJV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English, working as a revision of the King James Version. Published by Thomas Nelson, the complete NKJV was released in 1982. With regard to its textual basis, the NKJV relies on a modern critical edition (the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia) for the Old Testament, while opting to use the Textus Receptus for the New Testament.

The NKJV is described by Thomas Nelson as being "scrupulously faithful to the original [King James Version], yet truly updated to enhance its clarity and readability."
Treisman
Treisman is a surname. Notable persons with that name include:

Anne Treisman (1935–2018), British psychologist

Daniel Treisman (b. 1964), British-American political scientist

David Treisman, known as David Caminer (1915–2008), British electronic systems analyst

Philip Treisman, American mathematician

Sir Richard Henry Treisman, Fellow of the Royal Society, see list of Fellows

David Caminer
David Caminer OBE (26 June 1915 – 19 June 2008) was a British computer engineer who helped to develop the world's first business computer, LEO (Lyons Electronic Office). He has been called "the world's first corporate electronic systems analyst" and "the world's first software engineer".  He carried out the systems analysis and charting for the world's first routine business computer job, thus he is also called "the first business application programmer".
Bangladeshi football clubs in Asian competitions
Records of the Bangladeshi clubs in continental club football competitions organised by the Asian Football Confederation.

There have been eight different continental representatives from Bangladesh throughout its footballing history, with Dhaka Abahani becoming the first when they participated in the 1985–86 Asian Club Championship. Dhaka Mohammedan, are the most successful Bangladeshi club at both domestic and continental level, having won the Bangladesh top division 20 times and achieving notable continental success by reaching the Asian Club Championship (now AFC Champions League Elite) Semi-final Group Round once (1988–89) and the Quarter-final Group Round twice (1990–91 and 1991). Another significant achievement was made by Dhaka Abahani, who reached the Inter-zone Semi-final of the AFC's second-tier club competition, the AFC Cup (now AFC Champions League Two) during the 2019 edition.

1985–86 Asian Club Championship
The 1985–86 Asian Club Championship was the fifth edition of the annual Asian club football competition hosted by the Asian Football Confederation, and was the first such tournament in 14 years. Several clubs played in the qualifying round in the fall of 1985, with the final tournament being held in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from 19 to 29 January
Paso Hondo River
The Río Paso Hondo is a river in southern Guatemala. Its sources are located on the slopes of the Tecuamburro volcano. From there it flows in a southerly direction to the Pacific Ocean.

The Paso Hondo River is 55.2 kilometres (34.3 mi) long, and its river basin covers an area of 512 km² (198 sq ml).

Tecuamburro
Tecuamburro is a stratovolcano in southern Guatemala, roughly 50 kilometres south east of Guatemala City. The Tecuamburro is an andesitic stratovolcano which formed approximately 38,000 years ago inside a horseshoe-shaped caldera formed by a structural failure in a second, 100,000-year-old stratovolcano, known as Miraflores. The last eruption is believed to have occurred around 960 BCE. At the top of the Tecuamburro is an acidic crater lake around which many hot springs, fumaroles, and boiling mudpots are found.
Malaysia at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
Malaysia competed at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan from September 17 to 27. Malaysia sent 10 competitors for the multi-sport event. Malaysia clinched its only medal in the men's 64kg taekwondo event.

Ashgabat
Ashgabat is the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan. It lies between the Karakum Desert and the Köpetdag mountain range in Central Asia, approximately 50 km (30 mi) away from the Iran-Turkmenistan border. The city has a population of 1,030,063 (2022 census).

The city was founded in 1881 on the basis of an Ahal Teke tribal village, and made the capital of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924 when it was known as Poltoratsk. Much of the city was destroyed by the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake, but has since been extensively rebuilt under the rule of Saparmyrat Nyýazow's "White City" urban renewal project, resulting in monumental projects sheathed in costly white marble. The Soviet-era Karakum Canal runs through the city, carrying waters from the Amu Darya from east to west.

Today, as the capital of an independent Turkmenistan, Ashgabat retains a multiethnic population, with ethnic Turkmen as the majority. In 2021, it celebrated 140 years of its written history.
Ben Smith (end)
Benjamin Harris Smith Jr. (June 16, 1911 – February 23, 1941) was an American football end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Green Bay Packers, the Pittsburgh Pirates, and the Washington Redskins.  He played college football at the University of Alabama.

Smith worked as an assistant coach for his brother, Earle Smith, at Spring Hill College in 1938. He disappeared on February 23, 1941, while on a fishing trip. His body was discovered 22 days later, on March 17, floating in the Tensaw River near Mobile, Alabama.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Edijs
Edijs is a Latvian masculine given name. Edijs is often also a diminutive of the given names Edgars, Eduards, Edmunds, and Edvīns. People bearing the name Edijs include:

Edijs Brahmanis (born 1983), ice hockey player

Edijs Jurēvics (born 1989), rock singer and musician with the band Crow Mother

Edijs Rinke-Leitāns (born 1991), ice hockey player

Edijs Brahmanis
Edijs Brahmanis (born November 17, 1983, in Riga, Soviet Union) is a Latvian ice hockey left winger, currently playing for HK Olimp/Venta 2002 of the Latvian Hockey Higher League.

In 2004-05, while playing for ASK/Ogre, he was the top goal scorer of Latvian league. During 2008-09 Brahmanis also played four games for the Kontinental Hockey League club Dinamo Riga.
Walter Sturman
Walter Sturman (29 August 1882 – 24 July 1958) was an English cricketer.  Sturman was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper.  He was born at Leicester, Leicestershire.

Sturman made his first-class debut for Leicestershire against Kent at Aylestone Road in the 1909 County Championship.  He made 23 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the touring Australians in 1912. In his 24 first-class matches for Leicestershire, he scored 273 runs at an average of 10.11, with a high score of 46.  Behind the stumps he took 28 catches and made five stumpings.

He died at Aylestone, Leicestershire, on 24 July 1958.

Aylestone Road
Aylestone Road, now also known as the Leicester Electricity Sports Cricket Ground, is a cricket ground in Leicester, England, which was the headquarters of Leicestershire County Cricket Club from 1901 to 1939. Although the playing area is much reduced by housing and commercial developments, it is still used as a cricket ground, though not by the county team.