hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Leigh Joynes
James Leigh Joynes (29 May 1853 – 13 January 1893) was an English journalist, writer, poet, and socialist activist. A former teacher at Eton College, he became known for his involvement in land reform, Christian socialism, and the early British socialist movement. He was associated with figures such as Henry George and Henry S. Salt, and contributed to various political publications and organisations, including the Social Democratic Federation and the Fellowship of the New Life.

Socialism in the United Kingdom
Socialism in the United Kingdom is thought to stretch back to the 19th century, with roots arising in the English Civil War. It has taken many different forms from the utopian philanthropism of Robert Owen through to the reformist electoral project enshrined in the Labour Party that was founded in 1900 and nationalised a fifth of the British economy in the late 1940s.
Beverley Malcolm
Beverley Elizabeth Malcolm (née Avery; 4 June 1920 – 22 November 2016) was a New Zealand netball player. She was the captain of the New Zealand team in the second Test match against the touring Australian team in 1948.

New Zealand national netball team
The New Zealand national netball team, commonly known as the Silver Ferns (Māori: Rau Hiriwā or Kaponga), represent Netball New Zealand in international netball tournaments such as the Netball World Cup, the Commonwealth Games, the Taini Jamison Trophy, the Constellation Cup, the Netball Quad Series and the Fast5 Netball World Series. They have also represented New Zealand at the World Games. New Zealand made their test debut in 1938. As of 2023, New Zealand have been world champions on five occasions and Commonwealth champions twice. They are regularly ranked number two in the World Netball Rankings.
Lodi High School
Lodi High School can refer to one of many schools. The following list is ordered by state/province/territory and then municipality:

Lodi High School (California) - Lodi, California

Lodi High School (New Jersey) - Lodi, New Jersey

Lodi High School (Wisconsin) - Lodi, Wisconsin

Lodi High School (California)
Lodi High School, serving grades 9–12, is one of four comprehensive high schools in Lodi Unified School District. The physical plant encompasses three gymnasiums, 59 permanent classrooms, one cafeteria, 30 portables, four computer labs, one theater complex, a college and career center, one administration center, one counseling center, and one metal, one wood and one automotive technology shop. While the present site was built in 1956, Lodi High School began classes on September 8, 1896, and celebrated its centennial birthday during the 1996–97 school year. At the present time, Lodi High School is on a modified traditional calendar.
Hanoi Towers
The Hanoi Towers or Hanoi Tower Center (Vietnamese: Tháp Hà Nội, Tháp Trung tâm Hà Nội) is a complex building in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. The building is located on the land which was mostly part of Hỏa Lò Prison and surrounded by three streets: Hai Bà Trưng, Quán Sứ, and Thợ Nhuộm. It consists of a 14-story office building called the Hanoi Tower or The Office [of Hanoi Towers], with a dual-block 27-story apartment hotel building, Somerset Grand Hanoi. The investor and operator of the complex is the Singapore-based The Ascott Limited, a subsidiary of CapitaLand.

Since the building was completed, the Somerset Grand Hanoi Tower was the highest building in Hanoi until 2007, when the apartment building 34T Trung Hòa — Nhân Chính in Cầu Giấy District completed. However, the building is still the highest one in Hoàn Kiếm District, as the city's government has ordered a height limit on new buildings in the historic downtown area since 2021.

Apartment hotel
An apartment hotel or aparthotel (also residential hotel or extended-stay hotel) is a serviced apartment complex that uses a hotel-style booking system. It is similar to renting an apartment, but with no fixed contracts and occupants can "check out" whenever they wish, subject to the applicable minimum length of stay imposed by the company.

An apartment hotel complex usually offers a complete fully fitted apartment. These complexes are usually custom built, and similar to a hotel complex containing a varied number of apartments. The length of stay in these apartment hotels is varied with anywhere from a few days to months or even years.  The people who stay in apartment hotels use them as long-term accommodation; therefore, the hotels are often fitted with most things the average home would require.
Azza bint Sultan Al-Qasimi
Sheikha Azza bint Sultan Al Qasimi (Arabic: الشيخة عزة بنت سلطان القاسمي; born 1973) is an Emirati artist and businesswoman.

She is the daughter of Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, the sovereign ruler of the Emirate of Sharjah. She was educated in Dubai and at St Anthony's College, Oxford. She has joined in group exhibitions in United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Egypt, China and the United Kingdom. Her first solo exhibition was at the University of Oxford.

Emirate of Sharjah
The Emirate of Sharjah (/ˈʃɑːrdʒə/; Arabic: إِمَارَة ٱلشَّارِقَة Imārat Aš-Šāriqah) is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates. It covers 2,900 square kilometres (1,100 sq mi) and has a population of over 1,800,000 (2022). It comprises the capital city of Sharjah, after which it is named, and other minor towns and exclaves such as Kalba, Al Dhaid, Dibba Al-Hisn and Khor Fakkan.

The emirate is an absolute monarchy. It has been ruled by Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi since 1972, except for a seven-day period during an attempted coup d'etat by his brother, Sheikh Abd al-Aziz bin Muhammad Al Qasimi.
Hibbertia stellaris
Hibbertia stellaris, commonly known as star guinea flower or orange stars, is a brilliantly orange flowering ground cover from the South Western Australian botanical province.  It naturally grows in swamps;  despite this, it is extremely sensitive to phytophthora and needs to be grown in well-drained soil in cultivation.

Phytophthora
Phytophthora (from Greek φυτόν (phytón), "plant" and φθορά (phthorá), "destruction"; "the plant-destroyer") is a genus of plant-damaging oomycetes (water molds), whose member species cause economic losses on crops worldwide, as well as environmental damage in natural ecosystems. The cell wall of Phytophthora is made up of cellulose. The genus was first described by Heinrich Anton de Bary in 1875. Approximately 210 species have been described, although 100–500 undiscovered Phytophthora species are estimated to exist.
Al-Kholood Club
Al-Kholood Club (Arabic: نادي الخلود, lit. Eternity Club) is a Saudi Arabian professional football club based in Ar Rass, that competes in the Saudi Pro League, the top tier of the Saudi football league system.

Saudi football league system
The tables below show the current makeup of the Saudi Arabian Football League system. The Saudi Pro League sits at the top of the pyramid and currently three teams get promoted/relegated between the Pro League and the First Division League.

There is also a Second Division League which currently features two groups of sixteen teams were clubs are promoted between this level and the First Division.

SAFF announcement a newly created fourth division officially named is Third Division League from 2021, the league features four groups of eight teams were clubs are promoted between this level and the Second Division.

The Saudi Arabian Football Federation announced the launch of new versions of women's football competitions by introducing the Saudi Women's Premier League and Saudi Women's First Division League.
Penjara F.C.
Penjara Football Club is a Malaysian football club based in Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. They currently play in the fourth-tier division in Malaysian football, the Shah Amateur League.

They have recently played in the third-tier division in Malaysian football, the Malaysia FAM League from 2015 until 2017.

The team was established as part of Malaysian Prison Department Sports Council. The Prisons were first known to play football sometime in the 1950s. However, not many records are kept or known.

Kajang
Kajang is a town in the Hulu Langat District of Selangor, Malaysia, southeast of Kuala Lumpur. Kajang, along with much of the Hulu Langat District, is governed by the Kajang Municipal Council. Kajang town is located on the eastern banks of the Langat River. It is surrounded by Cheras, Semenyih, Bangi, Putrajaya and Seri Kembangan (Serdang).

According to the 2020 census, the local authority area (which includes Kajang, Cheras, Balakong, Bangi, Semenyih and Pekan Hulu Langat) has a population of 1.05 million people, making it the second largest city in Malaysia.
Ashihei Hino
Ashihei Hino (火野 葦平, Hino Ashihei) (born 玉井勝則, Tamai Katsunori; 25 January 1907 – 24 January 1960) was a Japanese writer, whose works included depictions of military life during World War II.  He was born in Wakamatsu (now Wakamatsu ward, Kitakyūshū) and in 1937 he received the prestigious Akutagawa Prize for one of his novels, Fun'nyōtan (糞尿譚, Tales of Excrement and Urine). At that moment he was a soldier for the Japanese army in China. 
He then got promoted to the information corps and published numerous works about the daily lives of Japanese soldiers. It is for his war novels that he became famous during (and forgotten after) the war. His book Mugi to Heitai (麦と兵隊, Wheat and Soldiers) sold over a million copies.

Hino committed suicide at the age of 53. His death was first reported to have been from a heart attack, but was later revealed by his family to have been from an overdose of sleeping pills. His birthhouse can be visited nowadays.

War novel
A war novel or military fiction is a novel about war. It is a novel in which the primary action takes place on a battlefield, or in a civilian setting (or home front), where the characters are preoccupied with the preparations for, suffering the effects of, or recovering from war.  Many war novels are historical novels.
Ruski Bród
Ruski Bród [ˈruski ˈbrut] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Until the local government boundary changes of 1998/99 it was, for administrative purposes, included in the Radom Voivodeship.

Radom Voivodeship
Radom Voivodeship (Polish: województwo radomskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by Masovian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Radom.
Bente Landheim
Bente Landheim (born 1990) is a Norwegian biathlete.

She competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2012, and won bronze medal in the relay at the Biathlon European Championships 2014, and in mixed relay at the 2016 IBU Open European Championships.

Biathlon European Championships 2014
The 21st Biathlon European Championships were held in Nové Město na Moravě, Czech Republic from January 29 to February 4, 2014.

There were total of 15 competitions held: sprint, pursuit and individual both for U26 and U21, relay races for U26 and a mixed relay for U21.
Cut Hill
Cut Hill is a hill in North Dartmoor in the southwest English county of Devon. At 603 metres high, it is the joint third highest peak in Devon and Dartmoor, together with Hangingstone Hill, which lies around 4 kilometres to the northeast.

The hill lies within the military training area on Dartmoor and is not accessible to the public except at certain times. It is one of Dartmoor's remoter spots and is a good hour and a half walk from Postbridge.

There are panoramic views from the top that are "among the best that Dartmoor offers." The hill is surrounded by wet and tussocky ground, and peat hags.

The name of the hill is derived from an old drover's track - Cut Lane - which cuts through the fen separating the Dart and Tavy valleys and used to facilitate the movement of livestock across the moor.

Drovers' road
A drovers' road, drove road, droveway, or simply a drove, is a route for droving livestock on foot from one place to another, such as to market or between summer and winter pasture (see transhumance).  Many drovers' roads were ancient routes of unknown age; others are known to date back to medieval or more recent times.
Bridge of Serves
Bridge of Serves is a bridge to connect Pedome, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal to Gondar, Guimarães, Portugal, crossing the Ave River. The bridge was classified as a National Monument in 1938. Construction probably started in 1185; the structure underwent reinforcement works in 1950 that left it completely changed from its medieval origins. It features four uneven arches, with cutwaters in the pillars.

Classification of Built Heritage in Portugal
The Classification of Built Heritage in Portugal corresponds to a group or independent Portuguese archeological civic, military and religious cultural properties deemed to be of sufficient historical value by the Direção-Geral do Património Cultural for protection and conservation. The precise rules for the classification and protection of cultural properties are defined in a heritage registry, that includes inventories of the natural and man-made, tangible and intangible, movable and immovable properties of a cultural, esthetic, social, technical and scientific nature.
East Greenbush (CDP), New York
East Greenbush is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rensselaer County, New York, United States. The population was 6,266 at the 2020 census.

East Greenbush is mostly within the southern part of the town of East Greenbush, but a small section of the community extends southward into the town of Schodack.

U.S. Routes 9 and 20 pass through the community, and the western end of U.S. Route 4 begins immediately north of the community.

Rensselaer County, New York
Rensselaer County /rɛnsəˈlɪər/ ren-sə-LEER is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 161,130, it's highest decennial count ever. Its county seat is Troy. The county is named in honor of the family of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, the original Dutch owner of the land in the area. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.

Rensselaer County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Forester's Daughter (1952 film)
The Forester's Daughter (German: Die Försterchristl) is a 1952 West German musical comedy film directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring Johanna Matz, Karl Schönböck and Will Quadflieg. It is based on the 1907 operetta Die Försterchristl, which is set in the Austrian Empire during Franz Josef's reign. The film is part of the operetta film subgenre. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich and on location around Bad Tölz. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Herlth.

Arthur Maria Rabenalt
Arthur Maria Rabenalt (25 June 1905 – 26 February 1993) was an Austrian film director, writer, and author. He directed more than 90 films between 1934 and 1978. His 1958 film That Won't Keep a Sailor Down was entered into the 1st Moscow International Film Festival. Two years later, his 1960 film Big Request Concert was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival. His career encompassed both Nazi cinema and West German productions. He also wrote several books on the 1930s and 1940s wave of German cinema.
Zhaltyr (North Kazakhstan Region)
Zhaltyr (Kazakh: Жалтыр) is a salt lake in Shal akyn District, North Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan.

The lake is located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) to the northwest of Sergeyev town, the administrative center of the district. Zhaltyr village lies 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) to the west of the lake and Dmitriyevka 17 kilometers (11 mi) to the southwest.

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
Charlton, Hertfordshire
Charlton is a hamlet in the county of Hertfordshire, in the East of England. It is a component hamlet of the market town of Hitchin, forming a part of the Hitchin Priory ward. Its rural character is protected as a Conservation Area. Situated east of the Chilterns AONB, it lies 30 miles north of London.

Conservation area (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom, the term conservation area almost always applies to an area (usually urban or the core of a village) of special architectural or historic interest, the character of which is considered worthy of preservation or enhancement. It creates a precautionary approach to the loss or alteration of buildings and trees, thus it has some of the legislative and policy characteristics of listed buildings and tree preservation orders. The concept was introduced in 1967, and by 2017 almost 9,800 had been designated in England.

As of 2019, 2.2% of England making up 2,938 km2 (1,134 sq mi) is a conservation area, 59% of which are rural, and 41% are in urban areas.
Forbes George Vernon
Forbes George Vernon (21 August 1843 – 20 January 1911), Lieutenant (ret.) British Army, was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1875 to 1882, and from 1886 to 1894, representing the riding of Yale. He ran for the constituency of Yale-East in 1894 following a redistribution, but was defeated by Donald Graham. He never sought provincial office again.

Yale-East
Yale-East was a provincial electoral district in the British Columbia legislature that appeared only in the 1894, 1898 and 1900 elections. It and its sister ridings (Yale-West and Yale-North) were created from the older three-member Yale (provincial electoral district), which was one of the province's first twelve ridings as of 1871. For the 1903 election the riding-name Yale was restored on an adapted version of Yale-West. The area of Yale-East is now part of various ridings in the Nicola, Similkameen, and Okanagan areas.
Abraham Kupfer
Abraham "Avi" Kupfer is an Israeli American professor of cell biology, and the co-director of immunobiology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Kupfer discovered the immunological synapse at the National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver. He first presented his findings during a Keystone Symposia in 1995, when he showed three-dimensional images of immune cells interacting with one another. His main focus is on teaching and studying the mechanisms of inter- and intra-cellular communication in the immune system.

Kupfer is a native of Israel.  He received his Ph.D. from the Weizmann Institute of Science.

Weizmann Institute of Science
The Weizmann Institute of Science (or simply Weizmann; Hebrew: מכון ויצמן למדע Machon Weizmann LeMada) was established in 1934 as a public research university in Rehovot, fourteen years before the State of Israel was founded.

The institute is now a multidisciplinary research center, employing around 3,800 scientists, postdoctoral fellows, Ph.D. and M.Sc. students, and scientific, technical, and administrative staff working at the institute.  Unlike other Israeli universities, it exclusively offers postgraduate-only degrees in the natural and exact sciences.

As of 2019, the Weizmann Institute of Science has been associated with six Nobel laureates and three Turing Award winners.
Rino Fisichella
Salvatore "Rino" Fisichella (born 25 August 1951) is an Italian Catholic prelate with the rank of archbishop. He has been the pro-prefect for the New Evangelization section of the Dicastery for Evangelization since 2022. He was the president of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelization from 2010 to 2022 and of the Pontifical Academy for Life from 2008 to 2010.

New evangelization
The new evangelization refers to the renewed effort by baptized Catholics to manifest the universal call to evangelization inherent in the Christian faith. This movement reaffirms that every Christian is called, by the very act of baptism, to live out and spread the Gospel in accordance with Jesus Christ’s Great Commission to make disciples of all nations, teaching all Christ's commands to all (cf. Mt 28:6–12).

The Second Vatican Council emphasized this teaching together with the universal call to holiness since the very fact of baptism, which configures one to Jesus Christ, makes the Christian another Christ, the holy redeemer of all men. It taught that the Christian vocation by its very nature is also a vocation to the apostolate.
General State Laws for the Prussian States
The General State Laws for the Prussian States (German: Allgemeines Landrecht für die Preußischen Staaten, ALR) were an important code of Prussia, promulgated in 1792 and codified by Carl Gottlieb Svarez and Ernst Ferdinand Klein, under the orders of Frederick II. The code had over 17,000 articles, and covered fields of civil law, penal law, family law, public law, administrative law etc.

Private law
Private law is the part of a legal system that governs interactions between individual persons. It is distinguished from public law, which deals with relationships between both natural and artificial persons (i.e., organizations) and the state, including regulatory statutes, penal law and other law that affects the public order. In general terms, private law involves interactions between private individuals, whereas public law involves interrelations between the state and the general population. In legal systems of the civil law tradition, it is that part of the jus commune that involves relationships between individuals, such as the law of contracts and torts (as it is called in the common law tradition), and the law of obligations (as it is called in the civil law tradition).
Livin' on a Prayer
"Livin' on a Prayer" is a song by the American rock band Bon Jovi from their third studio album, Slippery When Wet. Written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora and Desmond Child, the single, released in late 1986, performed strongly on both rock and pop radio and its music video was given heavy rotation at MTV, giving the band their first song to reach No. 1 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart and their second consecutive No. 1 Billboard Hot 100 hit.

Regarded as Bon Jovi's signature song, "Livin' on a Prayer" has topped fan-voted lists and re-charted around the world decades after its release. In 2013, the song was certified triple platinum for over 3 million digital downloads and has since sold over 13 million worldwide, making it one of the best selling singles of all time. Bon Jovi released an alternative version, "Prayer 94", on the 1994 greatest-hits album Cross Road.

Talk box
A talk box (also spelled talkbox and talk-box) is an effects unit that allows musicians to modify the sound of a musical instrument by shaping the frequency content of the sound and to apply speech sounds (in the same way as singing) onto the sounds of the instrument. Typically, a talk box directs sound from the instrument into the musician's mouth by means of a plastic tube adjacent to a vocal microphone. The musician controls the modification of the instrument's sound by changing the shape of the mouth, "vocalizing" the instrument's output into a microphone.