hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Design and Technology
Design and Technology (D&T) is a school subject taught in the United Kingdom to pupils in primary and secondary schools. It first appeared as a titled subject in the first National Curriculum for England in 1990. It has undergone several reviews when the whole National Curriculum has been reviewed, the most recent in 2013.

D&T is also taught in many countries around the world such as India, United States, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Malta, China, South Africa, Latvia, France,  Finland and Singapore.

As a school subject it involves students designing in a practical context using a range of materials and media.
It is also a university course in many countries, including Australia, Canada, the US, Singapore, South Africa, Netherlands, and New Zealand, both for the preparation of teachers and for general education in areas such as industrial design.
Some of the UK universities that offer courses include: Brighton, Sheffield Hallam, Goldsmiths, University of London and Greenwich.

National Curriculum for England
The National Curriculum for England is the statutory standard of school subjects, lesson content, and attainment levels for primary and secondary schools in England. It is compulsory for local authority-maintained schools, but also often followed by independent schools and state-funded academies. It was first introduced by the Education Reform Act 1988 as simply The National Curriculum and applied to both England and Wales. However, education later became a devolved matter for the Welsh government.

The National Curriculum for England has been updated multiple times since its introduction. As of 2024, the current version in use dates from 2014.
Mugen Seiki
Mugen Seiki Co., Ltd. (株式会社無限精機, Kabushiki Kaisha Mugen Seiki) is a Japanese manufacturer of high-end, premium radio-controlled cars based in Funabashi, Chiba, Japan. Mugen means unlimited, Seiki means machinery works. Mugen Seiki currently manufactures a 1/8 scale buggy and truggy as well as a 1/8 scale pan car and 1/10 scale touring car. Mugen Seiki's biggest competitors include: Kyosho and Serpent.

In 1990, Mugen Seiki launched its first offroad car, the Supersport. Production ran till 1992. The stadium truck later replaced the Supersport and then the Supersport was succeeded by a stadium truck. The stadium truck was based on the platform used in the Supersport. Mugen later made a return to 1/8 scale buggy segment with a model called the “Super Athlete.”

Truggy
A truggy is a type of high performance off-road racing vehicle that combines features from two older existing categories of off-road racing vehicles, trucks and buggies.  The first truggies were built for racing in the SCORE and BITD off-road desert racing series, held in Mexico, California, Nevada and Arizona.
South Tuipui Assembly constituency
South Tuipui is one of the 40 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Mizoram state in India.

It is part of Lunglei district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. As of 2023, it is represented by Jeje Lalpekhlua of the Zoram People's Movement party.

Zoram People's Movement
The Zoram People's Movement (abbreviated: ZPM) is a regional political party in the Indian state of Mizoram. It was formed as an alliance of six regional parties under the leadership of Lalduhoma in 2017. The party advocates for secularism and the protection of religious minorities in India.

In its first ever elections in 2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election, the alliance won eight seats. It was reformed as a political party and registered with the election commission in 2019. In the 2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election, the party won 27 out of 40 seats in the state legislature and Lalduhoma became the chief minister.
Smart polymer
Smart polymers, stimuli-responsive polymers or functional polymers are high-performance polymers that change according to the environment they are in.

Such materials can be sensitive to a number of factors, such as temperature, humidity, pH, chemical compounds, the wavelength or intensity of light or an electrical or magnetic field and can respond in various ways, such as altering color or transparency, becoming conductive or permeable to water or changing shape (shape memory polymers). Usually, slight changes in the environment are sufficient to induce large changes in the polymer's properties.

Ionic strength
The ionic strength of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution. Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions. The total electrolyte concentration in solution will affect important properties such as the dissociation constant or the solubility of different salts. One of the main characteristics of a solution with dissolved ions is the ionic strength. Ionic strength can be molar (mol/L solution) or molal (mol/kg solvent) and to avoid confusion the units should be stated explicitly. The concept of ionic strength was first introduced by Lewis and Randall in 1921 while describing the activity coefficients of strong electrolytes.
New Left (Montenegro)
The New Left (Montenegrin: Нова љевица, romanized: Nova ljevica, NL) is a minor localist, socially liberal and nationalist political party in Montenegro formed as a local citizens' movement in May 2018 prior to the 2018 Podgorica City Assembly election by Saša Mijović, Montenegrin drug abuse interventionist,  NGO activist and the former member of the Young Liberals of Montenegro, youth-branch of the minor DPS-affiliated Montenegrin nationalist Liberal Party of Montenegro.

Mladi liberali Crne Gore
Mladi Liberali Crne Gore (Liberal Youth of Montenegro) is the National Youth wing of the Liberal Party of Montenegro. It brings together young people who believe in the ideas of liberalism and liberal democracy.  It was founded on October 30, 2004 by young members of the Liberal Alliance of Montenegro. The members of the Liberal Youth are members of the Liberal Party between the ages 18 and 30.
Ficidae
Ficidae, common name the fig shells, are a family of medium to large marine gastropods. It is the only family in the superfamily Ficoidea.

According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Ficidae has no subfamilies.

The shells of these snails are shaped rather like figs or pears, hence the common name.

The Ficidae were previously included in the Tonnaceae (now Tonnoidea) along with the Tonnidae and Cassididae.

Pear
Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and are harvested in late summer into mid-autumn. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus Pyrus /ˈpaɪrəs/, in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pears are valued for their edible fruit and juices, while others are cultivated as trees.

The tree is medium-sized and native to coastal and mildly temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Pear wood is one of the preferred materials in the manufacture of high-quality woodwind instruments and furniture.

About 3,000 known varieties of pears are grown worldwide, which vary in both shape and taste. The fruit is consumed fresh, canned, as juice, dried, or fermented as perry.
2016 Vuelta a Castilla y León
The 2016 Vuelta a Castilla y León was the 31st edition of the Vuelta a Castilla y León cycle race and was held on 15 April to 17 April 2016. The race started in Alcañices and finished at the Alto de la Plataforma. The race was won by Alejandro Valverde.

Vuelta a Castilla y León
The Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León is a professional road bicycle stage race held in Castile and León, Spain. Since 2005, it has been a part of the UCI Europe Tour. In 2024, the race was held as a single day event.
Crawford Lake (Milner Township)
Crawford Lake is a lake in geographic Milner Township in the Montreal River and Ottawa River drainage basins in Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada. It is about 0.87 kilometres (0.5 mi) long and 0.62 kilometres (0.4 mi) wide, and lies at an elevation of 374 metres (1,227 ft) about 7 kilometres (4 mi) southwest of the community of Gowganda. The primary outflow, at the northeast, is an unnamed creek to Long Lake, which flows via Gowganda Lake and the Montreal River to Lake Timiskaming on the Ottawa River.

A second Crawford Lake in Timiskaming District and also in the same drainage basins, Crawford Lake (Haultain Township), lies just 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast.

Ottawa River
The Ottawa River (French: Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi) is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word "to trade", as it was the major trade route of Eastern Canada at the time. For most of its length, it defines the border between these two provinces. It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River and the longest river in Quebec.
Pareiorhaphis scutula
Pareiorhaphis scutula is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known only from Brazil, with its type locality being listed as the Piracicaba River basin in the state of Minas Gerais. The environment in which most specimens of the species have been collected is a shallow creek 20 to 50 cm (7.9 to 19.7 inches) deep and approximately 5 m (16 ft) wide with a swift current, clear water, a rocky substrate, and banks covered in grass. It is known to occur alongside the species Geophagus brasiliensis, as well as members of the genera Astyanax, Neoplecostomus, and Trichomycterus. The species reaches 9.1 cm (3.6 inches) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Pearl cichlid
The pearl cichlid (Geophagus brasiliensis) is a species of fish in the  South American cichlid family. It is native to southeastern Brazil (north to Bahia), Paraguay, Uruguay and far northeastern Argentina, where it is found in rivers, lakes, and nearby slightly brackish lagoons. It has been introduced to several countries far from its native range, including the United States, Australia, the Philippines, and Taiwan. This species is popular among aquarists.
2018 Knoxville Challenger – Doubles
Leander Paes and Purav Raja were the defending champions but only Paes chose to defend his title, partnering Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela. Paes lost in the quarterfinals to Alex Lawson and Jackson Withrow.

Toshihide Matsui and Frederik Nielsen won the title after defeating Hunter Reese and Tennys Sandgren 7–6(8–6), 7–5 in the final.

Hunter Reese
Hunter Reese (born January 11, 1993) is an inactive American tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high doubles ranking of No. 73 achieved on 27 June 2022. Reese currently competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour where he has won 10 titles.
The Kundalini Target
The Kundalini Target is the debut solo album from Ocean Colour Scene member and Paul Weller collaborator Steve Cradock released in February 2009.
The album was recorded by Cradock at Paul Weller's Black Barn recording studio in Surrey with Cradock playing most of the instrumentation on the album  with contributions from Paul Weller, backing vocals from Cradock's wife Sally together with additional production by former Talk Talk Bass player Paul Webb.
Steve Cradock recently described the genesis of the album as thus: It started with me trying to write a song for my two kids. I wanted to write something that wasn’t too sweet or saccharine and I think I managed that. The album just kind of grew from there
The art work was designed by Sally Cradock who also runs the record label and Kundalini Music

Ocean Colour Scene
Ocean Colour Scene (often abbreviated to OCS) is an English rock band formed in Birmingham in 1989. They have had five top 10 albums, including a number one in 1997. They have also achieved seventeen top 40 singles and six top 10 singles to date.
Procedural design
In software design, Procedural Design (SPD) converts and translates structural elements into procedural explanations. SPD starts straight after data design and architectural design. This has now been mostly abandoned mostly due to the rise in preference of Object Oriented Programming and design patterns.

Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s). An OOP computer program consists of objects that interact with one another. An OOP language is one that provides object-oriented programming features, but as the set of features that contribute to OOP is contested, classifying a language as OOP – and the degree to which it supports OOP – is debatable. As paradigms are not mutually exclusive, a language can be multi-paradigm (i.e. categorized as more than only OOP).

Notable languages with OOP support include Ada, ActionScript, C++, Common Lisp, C#, Dart, Eiffel, Fortran 2003, Haxe, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, Logo, MATLAB, Objective-C, Object Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Raku, Ruby, Scala, SIMSCRIPT, Simula, Smalltalk, Swift, Vala and Visual Basic (.NET).
1974 Minnesota Attorney General election
The 1974 Minnesota Attorney General election was held on November 5, 1974, in order to elect the attorney general of Minnesota. Democratic–Farmer–Labor nominee and incumbent attorney general Warren Spannaus defeated Republican nominee and former member of the Minnesota Senate Dean Nyquist and American Party nominee Allan W. Lamkin.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Battle of Ładyżyn
The Battle of Ladyzhyn or Battle of Ładyżyn (Polish: Bitwa pod Ładyżynem) took place on July 18, 1672, during the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76). It involved a 9,000 strong army, which consisted of Crimean Tatars and a unit of Zaporozhian Cossacks loyal to Petro Doroshenko against a pro-Polish regiment of the Cossack Hetman Mykhailo Khanenko. The forces met near Ladyzhyn, which at that time was called Ładyżyn.

Since Khanenko’s regiment numbered only 4,000 soldiers, he asked for help from the Castellan of Podlasie, Karol Luzecki, with 2,500 cavalry and dragoons. Khanenko and Luzecki joined forces on July 18, and marched towards the village of Czetwertynowka. Their army consisted of a traditional Cossack tabor in the center, Polish cavalry on both sides, and dragoons in the back. After a small skirmish, a Cossack unit loyal to Doroshenko was pushed beyond the Boh river. Polish cavalry continued the advance, but the opponent counterattacked, which resulted in heavy Polish losses.

Podlachia
Podlachia, also known by its Polish name Podlasie (Polish: [pɔˈdlaɕɛ] ⓘ; Lithuanian: Palenkė; Belarusian: Падляшша, romanized: Padliashsha), is a historical region in north-eastern Poland. Its largest city is Białystok, whereas the historical capital is Drohiczyn.

Similarly to several other historical regions of Poland, e.g. Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Mazovia, Pomerania, Silesia, Warmia, Podlachia possesses its own folk costumes, unique traditional architecture and cuisine. Between 1513 and 1795 it was a voivodeship with the capital in Drohiczyn. Now the part north of the Bug River is included in the modern Podlaskie Voivodeship with the capital in Białystok, whereas southern parts are located in the Masovian and Lublin Voivodeships.
Vicki Jensen
Vicki Jensen (born 1965) is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party, she represented District 24 in southeastern Minnesota.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
2000 Indy Racing League
The 2000 Indy Racing Northern Light Series was the fifth season of the Indy Racing League. The season consisted of nine races, all on oval circuits. The showcase event of the season was the 84th running of the Indianapolis 500.

The season saw a high level of parity, as only one driver, champion Buddy Lazier, won more than a single race. It also saw the beginning of the jump from CART as Al Unser Jr. moved to the series full-time and Chip Ganassi Racing came over to run the Indianapolis 500, which it won with driver Juan Pablo Montoya. It was also the final season for the Riley & Scott chassis, which also saw its first series win in 2000.

A planned race at Cleveland – which would have been the Indy Racing League's first road course event – was cancelled on September 9, 1999, and reverted to a CART event.

Eddie Cheever
Edward McKay Cheever Jr. (born January 10, 1958) is an American former racing driver and motorsport executive, who competed in Formula One from 1978 to 1989, CART between 1986 and 1995, and IndyCar between 1996 and 2006. In American open-wheel racing, Cheever won the Indianapolis 500 in 1998 with Team Cheever.

Cheever raced for almost thirty years in Formula One, sports cars, CART, and the Indy Racing League. Cheever participated in 143 Formula One World Championship races and started 132, more than any other American, driving for nine different teams from 1978 through 1989.

In 1996, Cheever formed his own IRL team, Team Cheever, and won the 1998 Indianapolis 500 as both owner and driver. The team later competed in sports cars.

Cheever's younger brother Ross Cheever, nephew Richard Antinucci and son Eddie Cheever III also became racing drivers.
Everglades High School
Everglades High School is a public school located in Miramar, Florida, United States. The school serves approximately 2,033 students from Miramar and Pembroke Pines in grades 9 through 12.

In the 2007–2008 school year, due to overpopulation, West Broward High School was constructed in Pembroke Pines, Florida, to resolve the overcrowding issue.

Everglades High had an FCAT school grade of "A" for the 2023-2024 school year. Everglades has a student to teacher ratio of 24:1, above the state average of 15:1.

Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test
The Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test, or the FCAT/FCAT 2.0, was the standardized test used in the primary and secondary public schools of Florida.  First administered statewide in 1998, it replaced the State Student Assessment Test (SSAT) and the High School Competency Test (HSCT). As of the 2014-2015 school year FCAT was replaced in the state of Florida. The Florida Department of Education later implemented the Florida Standards Assessments (FSA) for English Language Arts, Reading, Mathematics and a Writing or typing test. A Comprehensive science test is still used for grades 5 and 8.
Ceylon Planters' Rifle Corps
The Ceylon Planters Rifle Corps was a regiment of the Ceylon Defence Force, which existed between 1900 and 1949. It was a volunteer (reserve) regiment based in Kandy, made up of only Europeans that were tea and rubber planters of the hills of Sri Lanka. The regiment deployed personnel to fight in the Second Boer War, the First, and Second World Wars.

Ceylon tea
Ceylon tea is both the brand of tea which is produced in Sri Lanka and a historic term describing black tea from that land. Ceylon tea has been described as not only a geographical descriptor but also a pillar of Sri Lankan culture, heritage, and identity. The Sri Lanka Tea Board is the legal proprietor of the Lion Logo of Ceylon tea. In 2019, Sri Lanka was the fourth largest tea producer and the third largest tea exporter in the world. The Lion Logo has been registered in 98 countries as of 2016. Ceylon tea increasingly faces rising production costs, mainly due to increasing wages, fuel prices, and utility costs.
Gulf Research Center
The Gulf Research Center (GRC) is a privately funded, non-partisan think tank, education provider and consultancy specializing in the Arabian Gulf region.  The GRC produces research from a Gulf perspective which redresses a current area studies imbalance wherein regional opinions and interests are underrepresented.  Based in Jeddah, and the foundation, with offices in Geneva and in Brussels, the GRC was founded in July 2000 by Abdulaziz Sager, the current chairman.

Area studies
Area studies, also known as regional studies, is an interdisciplinary field of research and scholarship pertaining to particular geographical, national/federal, or cultural regions.  The term exists primarily as a general description for what are, in the practice of scholarship, many heterogeneous fields of research, encompassing both the social sciences and the humanities. Typical area study programs involve international relations, strategic studies, history, anthropology, political science, political economy, cultural studies, languages, geography, literature, and other related disciplines. In contrast to cultural studies, area studies often include diaspora and emigration from the area.
Des Plaines Fish and Wildlife Area
Des Plaines Fish and Wildlife Area is an Illinois state park on 5,000 acres (2,023 ha) in Will County, Illinois, United States. It is located on floodplain adjacent to the confluence of its namesake the Des Plaines River and the Kankakee River to form the Illinois River.

Des Plaines River
The Des Plaines River (/dɪsˈpleɪnz/ diss-PLAYNZ) (French: Rivière des Plaines) is a river that flows southward for 133 miles (214 km) through southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois in the United States Midwest, eventually meeting the Kankakee River west of Channahon to form the Illinois River, a tributary of the Mississippi River.

Native Americans used the river as transportation route and portage.  When French explorers and missionaries arrived in the 1600s, in what was then the Illinois Country of New France, they named the waterway La Rivière des Plaines (River of the Plains).  The local Native Americans showed these early European explorers how to traverse waterways of the Des Plaines watershed to travel from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River and its valley.

Parts of the river are now part of the Illinois Waterway and the Chicago Area Waterway System.
Isnaraissah Munirah Majilis
Isnaraissah Munirah binti Majilis @ Fakharudy (Jawi: اغثنا الرئيسة منيرة بنت مجلس @ فخرالرضي; born 11 January 1982) is a Malaysian politician and electrical engineer who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kota Belud since May 2018. She served as the Deputy Minister of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and former Minister Yeo Bee Yin from July 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020. She is a member of the Heritage Party (WARISAN) and was a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the PH and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalitions. She is also presently the sole female WARISAN MP.

At sign
The at sign (@) is a typographical symbol used as an accounting and invoice abbreviation meaning "at a rate of" (e.g. 7 widgets @ £2 per widget = £14), and now seen more widely in email addresses and social media platform handles. In English, it is normally read aloud as "at", and is also commonly called the at symbol, commercial at (commat), or address sign. Most languages have their own name for the symbol.

Although not included on the keyboard layout of the earliest commercially successful typewriters, it was on at least one 1889 model and the very successful Underwood models from the "Underwood No. 5" in 1900 onward. It started to be used in email addresses in the 1970s, and is now routinely included on most types of computer keyboards.