hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Senthuran Varatharajah
Senthuran Varatharajah is a German writer of Tamil origin. Born in Jaffna, he moved to Germany as a child. He studied in Marburg, Berlin and London. His debut novel Vor der Zunahme der Zeichen appeared in 2016 and won numerous prizes, among them the 3sat Prize, the Alfred Doblin Fellowship of the Berlin Academy of Arts, the Berlin Senate Fellowship, the Kranichsteiner Literaturförderpreis, the Bremer Literaturförderpreis, the Chamisso Award and the Rauris Literature Prize.

Adelbert von Chamisso Prize
The Adelbert von Chamisso Prize (German: Adelbert-von-Chamisso-Preis) was a German literary award established in 1985, given to a work whose author's mother tongue is not German, as was the case for Adelbert von Chamisso. It was offered by the Robert Bosch Stiftung.

In addition to the main prize with a prize money of €15,000, one or more promotional prizes ("Förderpreise") with a prize money of €7,000 and sometimes an honorary award ("Ehrengabe") were given.

The prize was created by Harald Weinrich.

In 2016, the Robert Bosch Stiftung announced that the prize would be discontinued after the final 2017 award, saying that it had now fulfilled its original objective.
Mary Letitia Green
Mary Letitia Sprague (née Green) (1886–1978) was a British botanist and bibliographer who worked at Kew Gardens.  In 1938 she married Scottish botanist Thomas Archibald Sprague, the Deputy Keeper of the Kew Herbarium, and together they compiled several supplements to the Index Kewensis.  She was an expert on Loranthaceae. The standard author abbreviation M.L.Green is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

She revised Arthur Fenton Hort's translation of Linnaeus' Critica Botanica, for an edition published by the Linnean Society of London in 1938, with an Introduction by Arthur William Hill.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Congregation of Christian Brothers
The Congregation of Christian Brothers (Latin: Congregatio Fratrum Christianorum; abbreviated CFC) is a worldwide religious community within the Catholic Church, founded by Edmund Rice.

Their first school opened in Waterford, Ireland, in 1802. At the time of its foundation, though much relieved from the harshest of the Penal Laws by the Relief Acts, Catholics faced much discrimination throughout the newly created United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland pending full Catholic emancipation in 1829.

This congregation is sometimes referred to as simply "the Christian Brothers", leading to confusion with the De La Salle Brothers—also known as the Christian Brothers, sometimes by Lasallian organisations themselves. As such, Rice's congregation is sometimes called the Irish Christian Brothers or the Edmund Rice Christian Brothers.

Liam Ó hAnluain
Liam Ó hAnluain, (1910–1992) was an Irish Christian Brother, schoolteacher, educator, and Irish Language scholar.
Born in Derry city in 1910, educated locally in riverside, then in bunapobail, Co. Donegal. He trained as a Christian brother in St. Joseph's Baldoyle completing his secondary education, and as a National School teacher in Colaiste Mhuire/St. Mary's College in Marino. While working as a teacher in North Abbey, Cork, he earned a BSc followed by a BA, and H.Dip in Education, and finally an MSc from University College Cork.

He worked in the St. Mary's Marino, teacher training college. He served as provincial of the Christian brothers before stepping down due to ill health. He was tasked with writing a standard format for the grammar of the Irish language used in the Christian brothers schools.
Tasmanian Greens Spokespeople
The Tasmanian Greens appoint members of their party to specific portfolios to shadow cabinet ministers actions, and represent their views on specific issues in the Tasmanian Parliament.

The Greens have not been in cabinet since 2014, when the Labor-Greens coalition collapsed.

The current Frontbench of the Tasmanian Greens is that of Rosalie Woodruff. Her frontbench has contested 3 elections in which they succeeded in at least one seat: 2024 state; 2024 Legco; and 2025 state.

2024 Tasmanian Legislative Council periodic election
The 2024 Tasmanian Legislative Council periodic election were held on 4 May 2024 to elect three members of the Tasmanian Legislative Council. The seats of Hobart and Prosser were up for election, with a by-election for the seat of Elwick also held concurrently.

The Liberal Party retained Prosser with a swing towards them, while the Tasmanian Greens won their first upper house seat with a victory in Hobart. The Labor Party lost the Elwick by-election to independent candidate Bec Thomas.
Timotheus, Bacchus and Cecilia
Timotheus, Bacchus and Cecilia is a choral work for choir and orchestra by Scottish composer Sir James MacMillan, setting three verses of John Dryden's ode Alexander's Feast: Or the Power of Music. The European premieres of the work marked the end of Sir Mark Elder's time as Chief Conductor of the Hallé.

John Dryden
John Dryden (/ˈdraɪdən/; 19 August [O.S. 9 August] 1631 – 12 May [O.S. 1 May] 1700) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who in 1668 was appointed England's first Poet Laureate.

He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden. Romantic writer Sir Walter Scott called him "Glorious John".
2015 Africa Cup of Nations Group C
Group C of the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations was played from 19 January until 27 January in Equatorial Guinea. The group consisted of Ghana, Algeria, South Africa, and Senegal. Ghana and Algeria advanced as group winners and runners-up respectively, while Senegal and South Africa were eliminated.

Ghana national football team
The Ghana national football team represents Ghana in men's international football. The team is named the Black Stars after the Black Star of Africa in the flag of Ghana. It is governed by the Ghana Football Association, the governing body for football in Ghana. Prior to 1957, it played as the Gold Coast.

Ghana qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 2006. The team has won the Africa Cup of Nations four times (1963, 1965, 1978, and 1982), while finishing as runners-up five times (1968, 1970, 1992, 2010, and 2015). They have also qualified for the CHAN four times, finishing as runners-up twice (2009 and 2014).

In 2009, Ghana achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first African nation to win the FIFA U-20 World Cup, defeating Brazil in the final in Egypt.

As at November 20, 2025, Ghana ranked 72nd in the world and 17th among African football nations.
Lepidochrysops letsea
Lepidochrysops letsea, the Free State blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in South Africa, in the Eastern Cape, which is the eastern part of the Free State and Gauteng.

The wingspan is 33–35 mm for males and 32–33 mm for females. Adults are on wing from October to January. There is one extended generation per year.

The larvae feed on Hemizygia pretoriae.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Etelka A. Leadlay
Etelka Anne Leadlay (born 1947) is a British botanist.

Born in Lambeth on 16 September 1947, she attended St Mary's School, Calne, Wiltshire. Later she studied for a M.Sc. in Pure and Applied Plant Taxonomy (1973) at the University of Reading, and a Ph.D. "The biology and systematics of the genus Hutera Porta" (1978). She and was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1978.

She worked for over 20 years for Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), based on Kew Green, as Head of Research and Membership Services, until she retired in 2007. In 2006, she co-edited "Taxonomy and Plant Conservation".

Etelka married John F Davey in 1978. They have a daughter.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Tomás Rivera Policy Institute
The Tomás Rivera Policy Institute (TRPI) is a Latino think tank based at the USC Price School of Public Policy. It is named after scholar Tomas Rivera. It was founded in 1985 at Pitzer College and moved to USC in 2003.

TRPI focuses its research and policy advocacy activities into four main areas:

economic well-being;

educational issues faced by Latinos;

information technology and

political and civic engagement.

There is a satellite office at Columbia University. Harry Pachon was the former director of the institute. In 2005, the institute had over 30 million print citations and 80,000 website visitors. The institute relaunched in Fall 2011 under the leadership of a new director, Roberto Suro.

Pitzer College
Pitzer College is a private liberal arts college in Claremont, California. It was founded in 1963 as a women's college in the Claremont Colleges consortium and became coeducational in 1970.

Pitzer enrolls approximately 1000 students. Pitzer offers 41 majors and 22 minors, many of them cross-disciplinary. The college has a curricular emphasis on the social sciences, behavioral sciences, international programs, and media studies. Pitzer is known for its social justice culture and experimental pedagogical approach.

Pitzer competes in the NCAA Division III's Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC) in a joint athletic program with Pomona College (another consortium member) as the Pomona-Pitzer Sagehens. Notable alumni include federal officials, authors, and various figures in the entertainment industry. Pitzer is a top producer of Fulbright US Student Program awardees.
George Stevens (jockey)
George Stevens (12 June 1833, Cheltenham – 2 June 1871, Cleeve Hill) was an English jockey, famous for having the most wins in the Grand National.

Stevens began his riding career at the age of 16 or 17. He rode Hardwick to victory in the Grand Annual steeple chase at Wolverhampton in 1851. From the beginning of 1848 to the end of 1870 he won 76 races. He rode 5 Grand National winners: Freetrader, 1856; Emblem 1863; Emblematic, 1864; The Colonel, 1869, 1870. He died on 2 June 1871 after suffering a skull fracture the previous day; his horse stumbled and threw him after bolting as Stevens was quietly riding home to his cottage on Cleeve Hill.

1864 Grand National
The 1864 Grand National was the 26th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 9 March 1864.
The winning mare was a full sister to the 1863 winner Emblem.
HNLMS O 14
O 14 was a O 12-class submarine of the Royal Netherlands Navy that saw service during World War II. It was built by the Koninklijke Maatschappij De Schelde of Vlissingen and entered active duty on 4 March 1934.

Just before the start of World War II O 14 was in Curaçao. Because there was no need on the Allied side for a Dutch submarine to be stationed there, O 14 returned to Europe. Based in England, it did patrol duty off the coast of Norway, with convoy Convoy HX 79, and was decommissioned in 1943 due to a lack of replacement engines.

Vlissingen
Vlissingen (Dutch: [ˈvlɪsɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; Zeelandic: Vlissienge) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the island of Walcheren. With its strategic location between the Scheldt river and the North Sea, Vlissingen has been an important harbour for centuries. It was granted city rights in 1315. In the 17th century the roadstead of Vlissingen was a main harbour for ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It is also known as the birthplace of Lieutenant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter.

Vlissingen is mainly noted for the yards on the Scheldt where most of the ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy (Koninklijke Marine) are built.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane
2,2-Dimethoxypropane (DMP) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2C(OCH3)2. A colorless liquid, it is the product of the condensation of acetone and methanol. DMP is used as a water scavenger in water-sensitive reactions. Upon acid-catalyzed reaction, DMP reacts quantitatively with water to form acetone and methanol. This property can be used to accurately determine the amount of water in a sample, alternatively to the Karl Fischer method.

DMP is used to prepare acetonides from diols, where it is both a synthon for acetone and a scavenger for the water byproduct:

RCHOHCHOHCH2 + (CH3O)2C(CH3)2 → RCHCHCH2O2C(CH3)2 + 2 CH3OH

It can also be used to prepare methyl esters from carboxylic acids, where it acts as a water scavenger and source of methanol:

RCOOH + CH3OH  →  RCOOCH3 + H2O

H2O + (CH3)2C(OCH3)2 —> 2CH3OH + (CH3)2C(O)

Dimethoxypropane is an intermediate for the synthesis of 2-methoxypropene.

In histology, DMP is used for the dehydration of animal tissue.

Diol
A diol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups (−OH groups).  An aliphatic diol may also be called a glycol. This pairing of functional groups is pervasive, and many subcategories have been identified. They are used as protecting groups of carbonyl groups, making them essential in synthesis of organic chemistry.

The most common industrial diol is ethylene glycol. Examples of diols in which the hydroxyl functional groups are more widely separated include 1,4-butanediol HO−(CH2)4−OH and propylene-1,3-diol, or beta propylene glycol, HO−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH.
Michiel Coignet
Michiel Coignet (also Quignet, Cognet or Connette in Italian) (1549 in Antwerp – 24 December 1623 in Antwerp) was a Flemish polymath who made significant contributions to various disciplines including cosmography, mathematics, navigation and cartography. He also built new and improved scientific instruments and made military engineering designs.

Coignet was a scientist at the court of the governors of the Spanish Netherlands Albert VII, Archduke of Austria and Isabella Clara Eugenia where he held a position similar to that of his compatriot Simon Stevin at the rival court of Maurice, Prince of Orange.

Isabella Clara Eugenia
Isabella Clara Eugenia (Spanish: Isabel Clara Eugenia; 12 August 1566 – 1 December 1633), sometimes referred to as Clara Isabella Eugenia, was sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands, and the Free County of Burgundy, from 1598 to 1621, ruling jointly with her husband Archduke Albert VII of Austria. After Albert's death, those regions were returned to the Spanish Habsburgs, and she continued to rule as governess of the Spanish Netherlands until her death.

Their reign is considered the Golden Age of the Habsburg Netherlands, which saw a revival of its economy and arts after a peace was concluded with the break-away Dutch Republic. Isabella was one of the most powerful women in 16th- and 17th-century Europe.
Human population planning
Human population planning is the practice of managing the growth rate of a human population. The practice, traditionally referred to as population control, had historically been implemented mainly with the goal of increasing population growth, though from the 1950s to the 1980s, concerns about overpopulation and its effects on poverty, the environment and political stability led to efforts to reduce population growth rates in many countries. More recently, however, several countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, Russia, Iran, Italy, Spain, Finland, Hungary and Estonia have begun efforts to boost birth rates once again, generally as a response to looming demographic crises.

While population planning can involve measures that improve people's lives by giving them greater control of their reproduction, a few programs, such as the Chinese government's "one-child policy and two-child policy", have employed coercive measures.

Reith Lectures
The Reith Lectures is a series of annual BBC radio lectures given by leading figures of the day. They are commissioned by the BBC and broadcast on Radio 4 and the World Service. The lectures were inaugurated in 1948 to mark the historic contribution made to public service broadcasting by Lord Reith, the corporation's first director-general.

Reith maintained that broadcasting should be a public service that aimed to enrich the intellectual and cultural life of the nation. It is in this spirit that the BBC each year invites a leading figure to deliver the lectures. The aim is to advance public understanding and debate about issues of contemporary interest.

The first Reith lecturer was the philosopher and later Nobel laureate, Bertrand Russell. The first female lecturer was Dame Margery Perham in 1961. The youngest Reith lecturer was Colin Blakemore, who was 32 in 1976 when he broadcast over six episodes on the brain and consciousness.
Giordano Benedetti
Giordano Benedetti (born 22 May 1989 in Trento) is an Italian middle-distance runner (800 m).

In his career, he has won the national championships seven times. He has 7 caps for the senior national team since 2009 Mediterranean Games. His personal best is 1:44.67 (6th best Italian crono of all time), set on 6 June 2013 in Rome at Golden Gala.

Golden Gala
Golden Gala is an annual track and field event normally held at the Olympic Stadium in Rome, Italy. Previously one of the IAAF Golden League events, it is now part of the Diamond League.  Following the 2013 death of Italian sprinting legend Pietro Mennea, the organizers added his name to the title of the meet.

The 2021 and 2023 events were temporarily relocated to Florence.
1991 Volvo Tennis/Los Angeles – Doubles
Scott Davis and David Pate were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Glenn Michibata and Brad Pearce.

Javier Frana and Jim Pugh won the title by defeating Michibata and Pearce 7–5, 2–6, 6–4 in the final.

Jim Pugh
Jim Pugh (born February 5, 1964) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. He grew up in Palos Verdes, California and at age 10 began taking tennis lessons from John Hillebrand. He played tennis at UCLA.  He became a doubles specialist on the ATP Tour and won three Grand Slam men's doubles titles (two Australian Open, one Wimbledon) and five Grand Slam mixed doubles titles (three Australian Open, one Wimbledon, one US Open). Pugh reached the world No. 1 doubles ranking in 1989.
Nikolett Szabó (judoka)
Nikolett Szabó (married name: Mrs. Sándor Nagy; born 11 May 1979, Vác) is a retired Hungarian Paralympic judoka. She was Hungary's first female Paralympic judoka to win a medal. She is a World and European Champion in the heavyweight category.

Para judo
Para judo (Paralympic judo) is an adaptation of the Japanese martial art of judo for visually impaired competitors. The rules of the sport are only slightly different from regular judo competitions. It has been part of the Summer Paralympics program since 1988 for men and 2004 for women.
Národní házená
Národní házená (National handball) is a 2022 sport comedy television series directed by Vladimír Skórka and Michal Suchánek, who is also the author of the screenplay based on the theme of Daniel Strejc. The series was made under brand Voyo Original and was broadcast on Voyo. It is the third series filmed under the banner Voyo Original.

The series starred Michal Suchánek, Martin Pechlát, Jiří Langmajer, Václav Neužil, Jakub Špalek, Petr Vršek, Sára Rychlíková, Veronika Žilková, Berenika Suchánková, Hana Igonda Ševčíková, Jitka Sedláčková, Filip František Červenka, Jitka Schneiderová, Linda Rybová, Filip Kaňkovský. The first two episodes appeared on Voyo on 25 March 2022. Last two episodes were broadcast on 15 April 2022.

The series was filmed in Říčany, Řevnice, Velvary and Bakov nad Jizerou.

Voyo
Voyo is a Czech subscription video on demand service owned by Central European Media Enterprises (CME). Originally launched in the Czech Republic in 2011 as a free archive of programs produced by every national television channel owned by CME and a platform for live broadcasting of original programming and sports broadcasts, the service expanded through Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia.

The service gradually transformed into a paid service modeled after the American Netflix. The range of available programs is regularly changed; according to the operator, there are more than 2,000 movies and series. The service also provides live broadcasts of sports channels. On the portal, it is also possible to watch films, series and programs a day or a week earlier than their television broadcast.
Ottawa North
Ottawa North was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. It existed from 1926 to 1934, when it was abolished into Ottawa East, Ottawa South and Carleton. It consisted of Wellington Ward, Central Ward, Victoria Ward and parts of Dalhousie Ward and Capital Ward.

The ridings only Member of Provincial Parliament was Albert Edwin Honeywell.

Capital Ward
Capital Ward or Ward 17 (French: Quartier Capitale) is a city ward located in the centre of Ottawa, Ontario. Situated just south of downtown Ottawa, the ward includes the communities of Old Ottawa East, Old Ottawa South, the Glebe, Heron Park, Carleton University, and Riverside

Out of all the wards currently in existence, Capital ward has existed the longest. It was originally created in 1909 from parts of Wellington Ward and Central Ward when the Glebe was settled. The original capital ward consisted solely of the Glebe. It eventually annexed Old Ottawa South before assuming its current borders.

Its first aldermen were John Carnochan and J. W. Nelson.
Battle of Nishapur (1447)
During the Second Timurid Succession Crisis, the sons of Baysunghur; Ala al-Dawla Mirza and Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza had acted in cognizance and blocked Abdal-Latif Mirza's chances of uniting with his father Ulugh Beg. Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza had taken Mazandaran and Jurjan whereas Ala al-Dawla Mirza had taken Mashad thereby surrounding Abdal-Latif Mirza at Nishapur. On April 20, 1447, Ala al-Dawla Mirza's army surprised and attacked the city of Nishapur. Abdal-Latif Mirza was defeated and imprisoned whereas, Gawhar Shad and the Tarkhans were freed. They then marched towards Sadabad, Nishapur where Ala al-Dawla Mirza met Gawhar Shad and together they marched with the army towards Herat. At Herat, Abdal-Latif Mirza was kept in the fort of Iktiyar-al-Din. The army of Khurasan now marched against Ulugh Beg towards Samarkand.

Gawhar Shad
Gawhar Shad (Persian: گوهرشاد, romanized: Gawaršād; meaning "joyful jewel" or "shining jewel"; also Gawhar Shad Begum, Gohar Shād or Gawharshâd; died 19 July 1457) was the chief consort of Shah Rukh, the emperor of the Timurid Empire.