hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ikhanoda
Ikhanoda is an administrative ward in the Singida Rural district of the Singida Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 11,968 people in the ward, from 10,907 in 2012.

Singida Rural
Singida Rural District is one of the six districts of the Singida Region of Tanzania. It is bordered to the north by Mkalama District, to the east by Manyara Region and Dodoma Region, to the south by Ikungi District and to the west by Singida Urban District. Its administrative seat is the town of Singida.

According to the 2012 Tanzania National Census, the population of Singida Rural District was 225,521. By 2022, the population had grown to 284,895.
100 great Estonians of the 20th century
100 great Estonians of the 20th century is a list of notable Estonians compiled in 1999 by Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Eesti Päevaleht, National Library of Estonia, Radio Kuku, and TV3.

The list includes 20 scientists, 20 social figures, 15 writers, 13 in theater, film and journalism, 12 musicians, 10 artists, and 10 sportsmen.  The best known scientist of the century was semiotician Juri Lotman, politician was Lennart Meri, musician Gustav Ernesaks, and sportsman was chess grandmaster Paul Keres.

100 great Estonians of the 20th century in alphabetical order:

Lennart Meri
Lennart Georg Meri (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈlenːɑrtː keˈorːːk ˈmeri]; 29 March 1929 – 14 March 2006) was an Estonian writer, film director, and statesman. He was the country's foreign minister from 1990 to 1992 and President of Estonia from 1992 to 2001.
Battle of Kumlinge
The Battle of Kulminge was the culmination of the Åland riots during the Finnish War, fought between Sweden and Russia. The riot started in the Sockenstuga at 19 March 1808 and spread all over Åland, to finally culminate at Kumlinge at 9 or 10 May. 450 armed peasants, led by Henrik Gummerus, defeated and captured the equally strong Russian force under Colonel Vuitsch at their headquarters, just outside the Kulminge rectory. The peasants sustained three killed and three wounded, while the Russians had one killed and eight wounded. After Vuitsch's capitulation, only about 50 Russian soldiers remained on Brändö who likewise, after a brief engagement, were made prisoners; all of Åland had thus been saved from Russian occupation.

Brändö
Brändö is an island municipality of Åland, Finland. Characteristics of Brändö are the numerous assembly of islands and islets, most important of which are linked by bridges and causeways. The municipality has a population of 427 (31 March 2025) and covers an area of 1,643.21 square kilometres (634.45 square miles) of which 1,540.41 km2 (594.76 sq mi) is water. The population density is 3.95 inhabitants per square kilometre (10.2/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Swedish and 70.7% of the population are Swedish speakers.
Fourth nerve palsy
Fourth cranial nerve palsy or trochlear nerve palsy, is a condition affecting cranial nerve 4 (IV), the trochlear nerve, which is one of the cranial nerves. It causes weakness or paralysis of the superior oblique muscle that it innervates.  This condition often causes vertical  or near vertical double vision as the weakened muscle prevents the eyes from moving in the same direction together.

Because the trochlear nerve is the thinnest and has the longest intracranial course of the cranial nerves, it is particularly vulnerable to traumatic injury.

To compensate for the double-vision resulting from the weakness of the superior oblique, patients characteristically tilt their head down and to the side opposite the affected muscle.

When present at birth, it is known as congenital fourth nerve palsy.

Superior oblique muscle
The superior oblique muscle or obliquus oculi superior is a fusiform muscle originating in the upper, medial side of the orbit (i.e. from beside the nose) which abducts, depresses and internally rotates the eye. It is the only extraocular muscle innervated by the trochlear nerve (the fourth cranial nerve).
1949 Czechoslovakian Grand Prix
The I Velká cena Československa was a Grand Prix motor race which was held at Masaryk Circuit on 25 September 1949. The race was won by Peter Whitehead driving a Ferrari 125.
Czechoslovak driver Václav Uher died in crash during practice. Giuseppe Farina crashed into spectators in the first lap of the race and killed two of them. Tatraplan of Bruno Sojka was in streamlined configuration.

Brno Circuit
The Masaryk circuit (Czech: Masarykův okruh) or Masarykring, also referred to as the Brno Circuit, refers to two motorsport race tracks located in Brno, Czech Republic.

The original street circuit was made up of public roads, and at its longest measured 29.194 km (18.140 mi). The track is named after the first president of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. In 1949, events such as the Czechoslovakian Grand Prix attracted top teams and drivers. In 1987, the new (current) circuit was opened. The Brno Circuit is historically one of the oldest circuits, on the place were also held the most motorcycle championships in history after the TT Circuit Assen.
United Arab Emirates at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
United Arab Emirates competed at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan from September 17 to 27. UAE sent a delegation consisting of 52 competitors for the multi-sport event.

Emirati participants won 9 medals in the competition including 5 gold medals.

Ashgabat
Ashgabat is the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan. It lies between the Karakum Desert and the Köpetdag mountain range in Central Asia, approximately 50 km (30 mi) away from the Iran-Turkmenistan border. The city has a population of 1,030,063 (2022 census).

The city was founded in 1881 on the basis of an Ahal Teke tribal village, and made the capital of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924 when it was known as Poltoratsk. Much of the city was destroyed by the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake, but has since been extensively rebuilt under the rule of Saparmyrat Nyýazow's "White City" urban renewal project, resulting in monumental projects sheathed in costly white marble. The Soviet-era Karakum Canal runs through the city, carrying waters from the Amu Darya from east to west.

Today, as the capital of an independent Turkmenistan, Ashgabat retains a multiethnic population, with ethnic Turkmen as the majority. In 2021, it celebrated 140 years of its written history.
Pierre Restany
Pierre Restany (22 June 1930 – 29 May 2003) was an internationally known French art critic and cultural philosopher.

Restany was born in Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda, Pyrénées-Orientales, and spent his childhood in Casablanca. On returning to France in 1949 he attended the Lycée Henri-IV before studying at universities in France, Italy and Ireland. From their first meeting in 1955, Restany maintained a strong tie with Yves Klein (to whom is attributed Klein-blue).

Lycée Henri-IV
The Lycée Henri-IV (French pronunciation: [lise ɑ̃ʁi katʁ]) is a public secondary school located in Paris. Along with the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, it is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious and demanding sixth-form colleges (lycées) in France.

The school educates more than 2,500 students from collège (the first four years of secondary education in France) to classes préparatoires (preparatory classes to prepare students for entry to the elite grandes écoles such as École normale supérieure, École polytechnique, Centrale Paris, Mines ParisTech, ISAE-SUPAERO, HEC Paris, ESSEC Business School, and ESCP Europe, among others).

Its motto is "Domus Omnibus Una" ("A Home For All").
Pernštejn family
The House of Pernštejn (German: Pernstein) was one of the oldest and most important (uradel) families originating from Moravian nobility, along with the House of Rosenberg, 
that played an important role in the medieval history of Bohemian nobility from the 13th century until its extinction in the first half of the 17th century.

Lobkowicz family
The House of Lobkowicz (Lobkovicové in modern Czech, sg. z Lobkovic; Lobkowitz in German) is an important Bohemian noble family that dates back to the 14th century and is one of the oldest noble families of the region. Over the centuries, the family expanded their possessions through marriage with the most powerful families of the region, which resulted in gaining vast territories all across central Europe. Due to that, and despite the Czech roots, the family was also incorporated into the German, Austrian and Belgian nobility.
Holy Trinity Church, Westbury on Trym
Holy Trinity Church (grid reference ST5733177405) is a Church of England parish church in Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, England.

The first church on the site was established in the 8th century. In the 10th century a Benedictine priory was founded. Construction of the present building began in the early 13th century and it has been rebuilt several times since. It has been designated by Historic England as a Grade I listed building.

From the late 12th century to the middle of the 16th century it was the collegiate church for Westbury College; of the latter, little more than the college gatehouse remains. The church contains the tomb of John Carpenter, Bishop of Worcester, who had planned to make it a joint cathedral for the Worcester diocese.

Collegiate church
A collegiate church is a Christian church where the daily office of worship is maintained by a college of canons, a non-monastic or "secular" community of clergy, organised as a self-governing corporate body, headed by a dignitary bearing a title which may vary, such as dean or provost.

In its governance and religious observance, a collegiate church is similar in some respects to a cathedral, but a collegiate church is not the seat of a bishop and has no diocesan responsibilities.

Collegiate churches have often been supported by endowments, including lands, or by tithe income from appropriated benefices.

The  church building commonly provides both distinct spaces for congregational worship and for the choir offices of the canons.
Pune–Bhubaneswar Express
22881 / 82 Bhubaneswar–Pune–Bhubaneswar Express (Via. Guntur, Nalgonda) is an express Express train belonging to Indian Railways East Coast Railway Zone that runs between Pune Junction and Bhubaneswar in India. It commenced its operations on 24 February 2011, with Train Number 2582/2581.

Pune Junction railway station
Pune Junction railway station (station code: PUNE) is the main railway junction of the city of Pune, India. It is one of the major railway junctions in Maharashtra. Pune Junction consists of 6 platforms. It also has a suburban train network.

It has two accesses, from HH Aga Khan Road on the south and Raja Bahadur Mills Road on the north. Pune Police and Central Reserve Police Force serve the station.
Rapidan Dam Canal of the Rappahannock Navigation
The Rapidan Dam Canal of the Rappahannock Navigation is a canal intended to safely carry Batteaus, sturdy flat-bottomed boats used primarily for transporting cargo, around the rapids at the confluence of the Rappahannock and Rapidan Rivers. The Rapidan Canal, funded and constructed by The Rappahannock Company, consists of two different canals (the Old Rapidan Canal and the Rapidan Canal) built at different times. All of the Rappahannock Navigation, of which the Rapidan Canal is a part, is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia. The Confluence, the name used on maps of the day and sometimes maps of today to denote where the two rivers meet, is located where the borders of the Virginia Counties of Spotsylvania, Stafford and Culpeper meet but is owned by the City of Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Rapidan Canal was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register (VLR) on June 19, 1973, and on the National Register of Historic Places on July 26, 1973.

Virginia Landmarks Register
The Virginia Landmarks Register (VLR) is a list of historic properties in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The state's official list of important historic sites, it was created in 1965, by the General Assembly in the Code of Virginia. The Register serves the same purpose as the National Register of Historic Places. The nomination form for any Virginia site listed on the VLR is sent forward to the National Park Service for consideration for listing on the National Register.

The Virginia Landmarks Register is maintained by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.
S. K. Ramachandra Rao
Vidyalankara Saligrama Krishna Ramachandra Rao (4 September 1925 – 2 February 2006) was an Indian author, Sanskrit scholar and
professor of psychology.

His books, most of them in Kannada and English, deal with Indian
culture, philosophy, art, music, and literature. They are based on research he
conducted on ancient Indian texts and rare manuscripts. He was working on a
thirty-two volume project on the Rigveda in English at the time of his death.

Music of India
Owing to India's vastness and diversity, Indian music encompasses numerous genres in multiple varieties and forms which include classical music, folk, rock, and pop. It has a history spanning several millennia and developed over several geo-locations spanning the sub-continent. Music in India began as an integral part of socio-religious life.
Citroën C4 WRC
The Citroën C4 WRC is a World Rally Car built for the Citroën World Rally Team by Citroën Racing to compete in the World Rally Championship. It is based upon the Citroën C4 road car and replaced the Citroën Xsara WRC. The car was introduced for the 2007 World Rally Championship season and took the drivers' title in all four seasons it participated in at the hands of Sébastien Loeb between 2007 and 2010, as well as the manufacturers' title in 2008, 2009 and 2010.

The C4 WRC and Loeb maintained a 100% record on asphalt events during its WRC career, winning all 13 pure asphalt rounds of the World Rally Championship.

Urmo Aava
Urmo Aava (born 2 February 1979) is a former Estonian rally driver who competed in the World Rally Championship between 2002 and 2009. His regular co-driver was Kuldar Sikk, who later became Ott Tänak's co-driver.
Bajaj Spirit
Spirit is a scooterette manufactured in India by Bajaj Auto, a motorised vehicle manufacturing company. It is powered by a two-stroke, 60 cc, single-cylinder, air-cooled engine. It has a two-speed automatic transmission, with kick/electrically started ignition. It was launched in 1999, "targeted at the youth segment, Spirit is ideal for college students. As it is light in weight, women can also ride it. The USP, of course, is its two-speed automatic transmission" is how it is described by The Financial Express quoting Bajaj officials. Naushad Forbes et al. consider it as being launched in January 2000. Spirit was one of the eighteen models Bajaj Auto launched in eighteen months "...after eighteen years with one model..." as its president is quoted saying.

The Financial Express (India)
The Financial Express is an Indian English-language business newspaper owned by The Indian Express Group. It has been published by the Indian Express group since 1961. The Financial Express specialises in Indian and international business and financial news. Its editor is Shyamal Majumdar.

The paper publishes 11 editions from a number of Indian cities. It also gives out two noteworthy awards - FE India's Best Bank Awards and FE-EVI Green Business Leadership Awards.
Korihait
Korihait (English: Basket Sharks) is a Finnish basketball team from Uusikaupunki. It was formed as Uudenkaupungin Urheilijat, shortly UU, in 1898 and has won one Korisliiga Finnish Championship (1990) and two Finnish Cups (1986, 1988). In 1994 UU had financial problems and entered bankruptcy. Korihait then took UU's place in the league.

The club play at Pohitullin Sports Hall, which has also hosted the Finland men's national handball team.

Finnish Basketball Cup
The Finnish Basketball Cup (Finnish: Koripallon Suomen Cup) is the highest level national domestic basketball cup competition of Finland. It is the second most important basketball competition in the country, after the top-tier level Finnish national domestic league, the Korisliiga. From 2014 to 2018, the competition was not contested.
Maja Riniker
Maja Riniker (born 23 May 1978) is a Swiss politician of the Liberals (FDP) and a member of the National Council the lower house of the Swiss Parliament. She served as president of the National Council from December 2024 to December 2025.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Louis Crelier
Louis Jacques Crelier (3 November 1873, Bure, Switzerland – 28 November 1935) was a Swiss mathematician.

In 1886 he enrolled at l'Ecole normale in Porrentruy and then studied at the University of Berne, where he received his doctorate in 1895. He began his teaching career at the secondary school in Saint-Imier and then taught at the technical school (founded in 1873) in Biel/Bienne. He became in 1912 professor extraordinarius and in 1918 professor ordinarius at the University of Berne.

Crelier served a two-year term from 1920 to 1921 as president of the Swiss Mathematical Society. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1924 at Toronto and in 1928 at Bologna.

Swiss Mathematical Society
The Swiss Mathematical Society, SMS (German: Schweizerische Mathematische Gesellschaft, SMG; French: Société Mathématique Suisse), founded in Basel on 4 September 1910, is the national mathematical society of Switzerland. It is a member of the European Mathematical Society.
William Hughes Field
William Hughes Field (17 July 1861 – 13 December 1944) was a Member of Parliament in New Zealand; first for the Liberal Party, then Independent, and then for the Reform Party. He made a significant contribution to the development of tramping in the Tararua Range.

Reform Party (New Zealand)
The Reform Party, formally the New Zealand Political Reform League, was New Zealand's second major political party, having been founded as a conservative response to the original Liberal Party. It was in government between 1912 and 1928, and later formed a coalition with the United Party (a remnant of the Liberals), and then merged with United to form the modern National Party.
2021–22 Cal State Fullerton Titans men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Cal State Fullerton Titans men's basketball team represented California State University, Fullerton in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Titans, led by ninth-year head coach Dedrique Taylor, played their home games at Titan Gym in Fullerton, California as members of the Big West Conference. They finished the season 21–11, 11–4 in Big West play, to finish in second place. As the No. 2 seed, they defeated UC Davis, Hawaii and Long Beach State to be champions of the Big West tournament. They received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 15 seed in the West Region, where they lost in the first round to Duke.

2021–22 Hawaii Rainbow Warriors basketball team
The 2021–22 Hawaii Rainbow Warriors basketball team represented the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Rainbow Warriors were led by seventh-year head coach Eran Ganot and played their games at the SimpliFi Arena at the Stan Sheriff Center as a member of the Big West Conference.
Pete Fries
Peter Martin Fries  (October 30, 1857 – July 29, 1937) was a Major League Baseball pitcher, who started three games for the 1883 Columbus Buckeyes and later played one game in the outfield for the 1884 Indianapolis Hoosiers. Both teams were in the American Association.

Indianapolis Hoosiers (American Association)
The Indianapolis Hoosiers (or, according to some sources, the Indianapolis Blues) were a professional baseball team who played one season at the major league level. They played in the American Association in 1884 and finished in 12th place with a 29–78 record, 46 games behind the first-place New York Metropolitans. Their home games were played at Seventh Street Park in Indianapolis. They were managed first by Jim Gifford, then Bill Watkins.

This team was the first of three Major League Baseball teams to bear the name Indianapolis Hoosiers, although they were unrelated to either the version that played in the National League from 1887 until 1889, or to the Federal League team of 1914.
M-class Sydney tram
The M-class trams were built by the Randwick Tramway Workshops for use on tourist services on the Sydney tram network to replace two modified G class trams. Originally allocated to Fort Macquarie Tram Depot, they later moved to Newtown and again to Ultimo before being scrapped in 1941.

Fort Macquarie Tram Depot
Fort Macquarie Tram Depot was part of the Sydney tram network. It opened in 1902 on the site of the old Fort Macquarie and was demolished in 1958 to make way for the construction of the Sydney Opera House.
2020 in reptile paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

Dinosaurs portal

This list of fossil reptiles described in 2020 is a list of new taxa of fossil reptiles that were described during the year 2020, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology that occurred in 2020.

Anisian
In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from 246.7 million years ago until 241.464 million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age (part of the Lower Triassic Epoch) and precedes the Ladinian Age.
1 Decembrie 1918 University of Alba Iulia
1 Decembrie 1918 University of Alba Iulia is a public higher education and research institution founded in 1991 in Alba Iulia, Romania. It is a state institution, integrated into the national higher education system, which functions based on the Constitution of Romania, the Law of Education, the University Charter, and its own regulations.

Constitution of Romania
The current Constitution of Romania is the seventh permanent constitution in modern Romania's history. It is the fundamental governing document of Romania that establishes the structure of its government, the rights and obligations of citizens, and its mode of passing laws. It stands as the basis of the legitimacy of the Romanian government. Adopted on 21 November 1991, it was approved on 8 December 1991 in a national referendum and promulgated on the same day.

The constitution was amended once by a referendum on 18 October 2003. The new text took effect on 29 October 2003.
Wang Jing (athlete)
Wang Jing (Chinese: 王静, born March 26, 1988, in Sha, Fujian) is a female Chinese athletics sprinter.

Wang represented China at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing competing at the 100 metres sprint. In her first round heat she placed fifth in a time of 11.87 which was not enough to advance to the second round. Together with Tao Yujia, Jiang Lan and Qin Wangping she also took part in the 4 × 100 metres relay. In their first round heat they placed fourth behind Jamaica, Russia and Germany. Their time of 43.78 seconds was the tenth time overall out of sixteen participating nations. With this result they failed to qualify for the final.

After winning the 100 metres title at the 11th Chinese National Games, Wang tested positive for doping. The Chinese Athletic Association banned her for four years from competition and a lifetime from the national squad.

Shaxian, Sanming
Shaxian District (simplified Chinese: 沙县区; traditional Chinese: 沙縣區; pinyin: Shāxiàn Qū), formerly Sha County, is a district of Sanming, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. Shaxian District is the hometown of Shaxian delicacies, which are considered part of the food heritage of China.