hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hals (surname)
Hals is a German and Dutch surname, originally a nickname for someone with a long neck or a sufferer of goitres. Notable people with surname include:

Dirck Hals (1591–1656), Dutch painter

Frans Hals (c.1582–1666), Dutch painter

William Hals (1655–1737), British historian

Goitre
A goitre (British English), or goiter (American English), is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland. A goitre can be associated with a thyroid that is not functioning properly.

Worldwide, over 90% of goitre cases are caused by iodine deficiency. The term is from the Latin gutturia, meaning throat. Most goitres are not cancerous (i.e., benign), though they may be potentially harmful.
9to5Mac
9to5Mac is a website covering news and rumors about Apple Inc. and its products. Founded by Seth Weintraub, the website is the oldest in Weintraub's 9to5 network of tech blogs, which also includes 9to5Google, 9to5Toys, DroneDJ, and Electrek.

As one of many Apple news websites, the site drastically rose in traffic in its earlier years for publishing the first photos of the third-generation iPod Nano, the original iPod Touch, early images of the first iPhone, etc. 9to5Mac has developed and implemented its affiliate program for freelance writers to earn from advertising banners being shown on their articles' pages.

Affiliate marketing
Affiliate marketing is a marketing arrangement in which affiliates receive a commission for each visit, signup or sale they generate for a merchant. This arrangement allows businesses to outsource part of the sales process. It is a form of performance-based marketing where the commission acts as an incentive for the affiliate; this commission is usually a percentage of the price of the product being sold, but can also be a flat rate per referral.

Affiliate marketers may use a variety of methods to generate these sales, including organic search engine optimization, paid search engine marketing, e-mail marketing, content marketing, display advertising, organic social media marketing, and more.

Though the largest companies run their own affiliate networks (for example Amazon), most merchants join affiliate networks which provide reporting tools and payment processing.
2009 Nuevo León state election
A local election was held in the Mexican state of Nuevo León on Sunday, July 5, 2009, to elect, on the local level:

Governor of Nuevo León to serve for an eight-year term, ineligible for reelection.

51 municipal presidents (mayors) to serve for three-year terms.

42 local deputies (26 by first-past-the-post and 16 by proportional representation) to serve for three-year terms in the Congress of Nuevo León.

Governor of Nuevo León
The Mexican state of Nuevo León has been governed by more than a hundred individuals in its history, who have had various titles and degrees of responsibility depending on the prevailing political regime of the time.

Under the current regime, executive power rests in a governor, who is directly elected by the citizens, using a secret ballot, to a six-year term with no possibility of reelection. The position is open only to a Mexican citizen by birth, at least 30 years old with at least five years of residency in Nuevo León.

The governor's term begins on October 4 and finishes six years later on October 3. Elections occur 3 years before/after presidential elections.
WROL
WROL (950 AM) is a radio station in Boston, Massachusetts. The station is owned by Salem Media Group. Most of WROL's programming is religious including local ministers as well as national radio hosts such as Dr. Charles Stanley, Jay Sekulow and Eric Metaxas.  Former WBZ-TV news anchor-turned-minister Liz Walker also has a program on the station.  WROL also airs several Irish music blocks on weekends, including the Irish Hit Parade on Saturdays and A Feast of Irish Music on Sundays.

WROL operates with 5,000 watts by day but must reduce power to 90 watts at night to protect other stations on 950 kHz.  WROL uses a non-directional transmitter located off Route 107 in the Rumney Marsh Reservation in Saugus, Massachusetts.  WROL is one of two religious formatted radio stations in the Boston media market owned by Salem Communications; WEZE is the other.

Charles Stanley
Charles Frazier Stanley Jr. (September 25, 1932 – April 18, 2023) was an American Southern Baptist pastor and writer. He was senior pastor of First Baptist Church in Atlanta for 49 years and took on emeritus status in 2020. He founded and was president of In Touch Ministries which widely broadcasts his sermons through television and radio. He also served two one-year terms as president of the Southern Baptist Convention, from 1984 to 1986.
Pettman
Pettman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Professor Barrie Pettman, Baron of Bombie (born 1944), British author, publisher and philanthropist.

Dominic Pettman, cultural theorist and writer

Edgar Pettman (1866–1943), English organist, choral conductor and music editor

Stuart Pettman (born 1975), English snooker player

Toby Pettman (born 1998), English first-class cricketer

Barrie Pettman
Barrie Owen Pettman, Baron of Bombie (22 February 1944 – 2 June 2017) was a British author, publisher, and philanthropist. He was the co-founder and chairman emeritus of Emerald Group Publishing. A professor emeritus at the University of Hull, he was the author of a dozen books on industrial relations. He was president emeritus of Burke's Peerage and a patron of opera in England and New Zealand.
Journal of Policy Modeling
The Journal of Policy Modeling is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research in economics and  policy. The journal was established in 1979 and is published by Elsevier for the Society for Policy Modeling. It publishes academic research papers analyzing national and international policy issues. The Journal of Policy Modeling is ranked by the CNRS, the ESSEC Business School, and SCIMago, among others.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 1.2.

ESSEC Business School
ESSEC Business School (French: École supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales. English translation: Graduate School of Economic and Commercial Sciences) is a French business school and Grande école. Its main campus is located in Cergy, with additional campuses in Paris, Rabat, and Singapore.

Founded by Jesuits in 1907, ESSEC was created as a response to the opening of HEC Paris. It operated independently until 1981, when it came under the governance of the Versailles Chamber of Commerce, which later became part of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Paris Île-de-France in 2013. ESSEC is currently a member of the CY Alliance (formerly Université Paris-Seine), a group of academic institutions in the Paris region.
Rella Braithwaite
Rella Aylestock Braithwaite (January 29, 1923 – July 23, 2019) was a Canadian author.

She was born in Mapleton, Ontario, a descendant of Black pioneers who settled in the Queen's Bush area. Her ancestors escaped slavery in America through the Underground Railroad, and lived in the first African-Canadian pioneer settlement in Ontario. Braithwaite was educated in Listowel, Ontario.  In 1946, she and her husband Bob settled in the Toronto suburb of Scarborough Township; she served on the local school board. She wrote a column on Black history for the Contrast newspaper. In 1975, Braithwaite published The Black Woman in Canada on outstanding Canadian Black women. She also helped the Ministry of Education in Ontario develop a Black Studies guide for use in the classroom.

Her daughter is singer Diana Braithwaite.

Listowel, Ontario
Listowel /ˈlɪstəwəl/ is an unincorporated community in Ontario, Canada, located in the Municipality of North Perth. Incorporated as the Town of Listowel in 1875, it was dissolved in 1998 following amalgamation with several other communities in the northern section of Perth County. Its population was 9,539 at the Canada 2021 Census in a land area of 6.73 square kilometres; at the time there were 3,910 occupied dwellings.
H. H. Winter
Hermann Heinrich Winter (May 12, 1805 – December 28, 1884) was an American farmer from Watertown, Wisconsin who spent one term as a "Democratic Republican" member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Jefferson County.

Jefferson County, Wisconsin
Jefferson County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 84,900. Its county seat is Jefferson. Jefferson County comprises the Watertown-Fort Atkinson, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Mirka Yemendzakis
Mirka Yemendzakis (Greek: Μίρκα Γιεμεντζάκη) (died August 2, 2013) was a Greek actress, musician, voice coach and director based at the National Theatre of Greece in Athens. She collaborated with Peter Brook, Peter Oskarson and Robert Wilson, as well as eight years with Peter Stein at the Berliner Schaubühne.

Schaubühne
The Schaubühne am Lehniner Platz (Theatre on Lehniner Square) is a famous theatre in the Wilmersdorf district of Berlin, located on the Kurfürstendamm boulevard. It is a conversion of the Universum cinema, built according to plans designed by Erich Mendelsohn in 1928.
Danthala Venkata Meher Baba
Danthala Venkata Meher Baba (2 January 1950 – 16 January 2008) was an Indian cricketer who played for the Andhra cricket team in the Ranji Trophy, from 1971 to 1987, and also represented the Hyderabad Ranji Trophy Team in 1978. As a left-hand batsman and left-arm spinner, he had a first-class career spanning 17 years from 1970 to 1987. He scored 2649 runs, with his highest being 134 not out against Goa. Additionally, he scored 20 half-centuries and took 173 wickets with his slow left-arm orthodox bowling, with five for 32 being his best bowling figures. He achieved a total of impeccable five five-wicket hauls.

Andhra Bank
Andhra Bank (Now Union Bank of India) was a medium-sized public sector bank (PSB) of India, with a network of 2885 branches, 4 extension counters, 38 satellite offices and 3798 automated teller machines (ATMs) as of 31 March 2019. During 2011–12, the bank entered the states of Tripura and Himachal Pradesh. It operated in 25 states and three union territories. It had its headquarters in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Along with Corporation Bank, Andhra Bank was merged with Union Bank of India in April 2020.

The government of India owned 90.85% of its share capital as of 31 March 2019. The state-owned Life Insurance Corporation held 7.80% of the shares. The bank had done a total business of ₹3,106 billion (US$37 billion) and has earned a net profit of ₹5.40 billion (US$64 million) for the financial year 2015–16.
Cottonopolis
Cottonopolis was a 19th-century nickname for Manchester, as it was a metropolis and the centre of the cotton industry.

The Manchester warehouse which we lately visited, was a building fit for the Town Hall of any respectable municipality; a stately, spacious, and tasteful edifice; rich and substantial as its respectable proprietors, the well-known firm of Banneret and Co. There are nearly a hundred such buildings in Manchester; –not so large, perhaps, for this is the largest; but all in their degree worthy of Cottonopolis.

Metropolis
A metropolis is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political, and cultural area for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications.

A big city belonging to a larger urban agglomeration, but which is not the core of that agglomeration, is not generally considered a metropolis but a part of it. The plural of the word is metropolises, although the Latin plural is metropoles, from the Greek metropoleis (μητρoπόλεις).

For urban areas outside metropolitan areas that generate a similar attraction on a smaller scale for their region, the concept of the regiopolis ("regio" for short) was introduced by urban and regional planning researchers in Germany in 2006.
Live at the House of Blues (Tupac Shakur album)
Tupac: Live at the House of Blues is a live album and the final concert by American rapper 2Pac. The performance was recorded at the House of Blues, Sunset Strip, West Hollywood, California, on July 4, 1996 and released on both CD and DVD on September 5, 2005.

House of Blues
House of Blues is an American chain of live music concert halls and restaurants. It was founded by Isaac Tigrett, the co-founder of Hard Rock Cafe, and Dan Aykroyd, co-star of the 1980 film The Blues Brothers. The first location opened at Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on November 26, 1992 (Thanksgiving Day). The chain has been a division of Live Nation Entertainment since July 2006, and there are 11 locations throughout the United States as of 2025.
Leningrad: The Advance of Army Group North, Summer 1941
Leningrad: The Advance of Army Group North, Summer 1941 is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1980 that simulates the German drive on Leningrad during Operation Barbarossa in World War II, and the Soviet attempt to prevent a quick German victory. Although the game received good critical reception as a relatively simple game that could be an entry point for new wargamers, it was not a bestseller for SPI.

Simulations Publications, Inc.
Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) was an American publisher of board wargames and related magazines, particularly its flagship Strategy & Tactics, in the 1970s and early 1980s. It produced an enormous number of games and introduced innovative practices, changing the course of the wargaming hobby in its bid to take control of the hobby away from then-dominant Avalon Hill. SPI ran out of cash in early 1982 when TSR called in a loan secured by SPI's assets. TSR began selling SPI's inventory in 1982, but later acquired the company's trademarks and copyrights in 1983 and continued a form of the operation until 1987.
Sar Kheng
Sar Kheng (Khmer: ស ខេង; born 15 January 1951) is a Cambodian politician. He is the vice president of the ruling Cambodian People's Party and served as Minister of the Interior and deputy prime minister from 1992 to 2023. He also represents the province of Battambang in the Cambodian Parliament. Kheng has been the Minister of the Interior since 1992. Until March 2006, he shared the position with FUNCINPEC party member You Hockry as co-Ministers of the Interior, but then became sole interior minister in a cabinet reshuffle as FUNCINPEC ended its coalition with the CPP. He left office as interior minister in 2023 and was succeeded by his son, Sar Sokha.

Interior minister
An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency management, supervision of regional and local governments, conduct of elections, public administration and immigration (including passport issuance) matters. This position is head of a department that is often called an interior ministry, a ministry of internal affairs or a ministry of home affairs. In some jurisdictions, there is no department called an "interior ministry", but the relevant responsibilities are allocated to other departments.
Ali ibn Ishak
Ali ibn Ishak, also known as Abu'l Hasan, was a Persian dehqan who served as the financial minister of the Ghaznavids. He was a native of small village named Radkan, near Tus, in Iran. When the Seljuq Turks conquered Khorasan in 1040, Ali fled to Ghazni, where his son Nizam al-Mulk was working within the government. Nizam would later serve the Seljuqs, where he became the vizier of the Empire and almost held near absolute power over 20 years. Nothing more is known about the life of Ali.

Tus, Iran
Tus (Persian: توس, romanized: Ṭūs) is an ancient city in Khorasan near Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. To the ancient Greeks, it was known as Susia (Ancient Greek: Σούσια). It was also known as Tusa. Tus was divided into four cities, Tabran, Radakan, Noan and Teroid, which in combination formed largest city in the region in the fifth century.
2001 European Road Championships
The 2001 European Road Championships were held in Apremont, France, between 24 August and 26 August 2001, regulated by the European Cycling Union. The event consisted of a road race and a time trial for men and women under-23.

Union Européenne de Cyclisme
The Union Européenne de Cyclisme (abbreviation: UEC, English: European Cycling Union) is the European confederation of national cycling bodies; the national federations of the Union Cycliste Internationale form confederations by continent. It is headquartered in Lausanne.

In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the UEC announced that Russia and Belarus officials will not be able to officiate at any UEC event, or attend or take part in any UEC meeting, committee, or forum.
Malpractice (TV series)
Malpractice is a British medical drama television series, created and written by Grace Ofori-Attah. Series 1 stars Niamh Algar as a doctor embroiled in a medical scandal. It began airing on 23 April 2023 on ITV and ITVX. It was commissioned for a second series.

The second series stars Tom Hughes and began on ITV1 on Sunday 4 May 2025.

Medical drama
A medical drama is a television movie or film in which events center upon a hospital, clinic, doctor's office, a paramedic, or any other medical topic or environment. Most recent medical dramatic programming goes beyond the events pertaining to the characters' jobs and portray some aspects of their personal lives. The longest running prime-time medical drama in the world is the British series Casualty, airing since 1986, and the longest running medical soap opera is General Hospital, running since 1963.
Camp Lake (Antarctica)
Camp Lake (68°33′S 78°5′E﻿ / ﻿68.550°S 78.083°E﻿ / -68.550; 78.083) is a small lake lying 0.5 nautical miles (0.9 km) west of the head of Weddell Arm on Breidnes Peninsula, Vestfold Hills. Mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946-47. So named because when first visited by an ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) party in January 1955, a camp was established near the northeast end of the lake.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Camp Lake (Antarctica)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Operation Highjump
Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, (also called Task Force 68), was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.
Electoral district of Clarinda
The electoral district of Clarinda is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly in Australia. It was created for the 2014 state election and is represented by Meng Heang Tak for the Labor Party.

It largely covers the area of the abolished district of Clayton, covering south east suburbs in Melbourne. It includes all or parts of the suburbs of Clarinda, Clayton, Springvale, Heatherton, Mentone, Dingley Village and Cheltenham.

Clarinda, Victoria
Clarinda is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 18 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Kingston local government area. Clarinda recorded a population of 7,441 at the 2021 census.
Davit Bek, Armenia
Davit Bek (Armenian: Դավիթ Բեկ) is a village in the Kapan Municipality of the Syunik Province in Armenia. Located in the Kashun river valley, 28 kilometers from the regional center of Kapan, it lies 1150 meters above sea level. It is named after the Armenian patriotic leader Davit Bek.

The village is the birthplace of Aram Manukian, the Armenian revolutionary leader and the founder of the First Republic of Armenia. The Surp Gayane Church of Davit Bek was opened in 2008.

Kapan Municipality
Kapan Municipality, referred to as Kapan Community (Armenian: Կապան Համայնք Kapan Hamaynk), is an urban community and administrative subdivision of Syunik Province of Armenia, at the south of the country. Consisted of a group of settlements, its administrative centre is the town of Kapan.
Axel: The Biggest Little Hero
Axel: The Biggest Little Hero (original title: Bonta) is a 2013 animated 3-D film written and directed by Leo Lee. The English-language version stars the voices of Yuri Lowenthal, Sarah Natochenny, Colleen O'Shaughnessey, Kate Higgins and Ed Asner.  Under its original title of Bonta, the film released nationwide across China on August 2, 2013, as China's very first 3-D film to combine stereoscopic effects with CG technology, representing their highest level of animation.

The English-language version titled Axel: The Biggest Little Hero was released on DVD in the United States on June 3, 2014.

Marc Thompson (voice actor)
Marc Thompson is an American voice actor who has worked for Konami Cross Media NY, NYAV Post and DuArt Film and Video. His most well-known role was in MTV's Daria (1997–2002), where he voiced numerous male characters including Kevin Thompson, Anthony DeMartino, and Timothy O'Neill. He is notable for voicing the titular character in Robocar Poli. He voices Casey Jones in the 2003 version of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cartoons and video games; and is also the voice of Tepig, Primeape, Gliscor, Krookodile, and Gengar in the Pokémon television series. He is the narrator of numerous Star Wars audio books including the Legacy of the Force and Fate of the Jedi series. He earned his BFA from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts in 1997.
Utilico Emerging Markets
Utilico Emerging Markets Trust plc  (LSE: UEM) is a large British investment trust dedicated to investments in infrastructure, utility and related sectors in the emerging markets of Asia, Latin America, Emerging Europe and Africa. The company is managed by ICM Limited, which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Established in 2005, it is a listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. The Chairman is Mark Bridgeman.

Financial Conduct Authority
The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) is a financial regulatory body in the United Kingdom. It operates independently of the UK Government and is financed by charging fees to members of the financial services industry. The FCA regulates financial firms providing services to consumers, and maintains the integrity of the financial markets in the United Kingdom.

It focuses on the regulation of conduct by both retail and wholesale financial services firms. Like its predecessor the FSA, the FCA is structured as a company limited by guarantee.: 140

The FCA works alongside the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Policy Committee to set regulatory requirements for the financial sector. The FCA is responsible for the conduct of around 58,000 businesses which employ 2.2 million people and contribute around £65.6 billion in annual tax revenue to the economy in the United Kingdom.
Scinax hayii
Scinax hayii is a species of frog in the family Hylidae.
It is endemic to Brazil.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, pastureland, urban areas, heavily degraded former forest, and ponds.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.