hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Demographic marketer
Demographic marketers use demographics in marketing research, and the assessment of the changing trends of consumer behavior. Demographics can be called a science, and demographic marketers can be called scientists. A demographic is used to describe individuals who are from a particular area. It can also be used to describe individuals who would rely on purchasing a particular product or service. Using demographics, a marketing manager can try to grasp what certain people think and what they are willing to buy.

By understanding how various characteristics of the population reflect their tastes, demographic marketers get an idea of the probability of the sales returns of a launched product in a given area. For any type of business, knowing who the customers are most likely to be through demographic analysis will make it easier to market effectively.

Customer
In sales, commerce, and economics, a customer (sometimes known as a client, buyer, or purchaser) is the recipient of a good, service, product, or an idea, obtained from a seller, vendor, or supplier via a financial transaction or an exchange for money or some other valuable consideration.
Siberia Acoustic
Siberia Acoustic (alternately stylized as Siberia (Acoustic)) is the second acoustic album recorded by Canadian electropop artist Lights, featuring acoustic reworkings of songs off her second studio album, Siberia (2011). It was released April 30, 2013 through Universal Music Group and Last Gang Records. The album was preceded on March 15 by the release of its first and only single, "Cactus in the Valley", which was re-recorded as a duet with American electronica project Owl City.

Upon its release, Siberia Acoustic debuted at number seven on the Billboard Canadian Albums Chart and at number 86 on the Billboard 200, her second-highest peak on either chart at the time. The album received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics, who found that the acoustic production put emphasis on Lights's songwriting talents but also made the songs less compelling than in their studio renditions.

Billboard Canadian Albums
The Billboard Canadian Albums is the official record chart ranking the 100 most popular music albums and extended plays in Canada. It is compiled weekly (every Monday) by U.S.-based music sales tracking company Luminate, and published every Tuesday by American music and entertainment magazine Billboard. The albums are compared across all genres, ranked by album sales, audio on-demand streaming activity and digital sales of tracks from albums.
2014 World Mountain Running Championships
The 2014 World Mountain Running Championships was the 30th edition of the global mountain running competition, World Mountain Running Championships, organised by the World Mountain Running Association and was held in Casette di Massa, Italy on 14 September 2014.

World Mountain Running Association
The World Mountain Running Association (WMRA), formerly the International Committee for Mountain Running, is the global governing body of mountain running.

For World Athletics purposes, mountain running takes place on terrain that is mainly off-road, but if there is significant elevation gain on the route, surfaced roads may be used. Courses involve considerable amounts of ascent (for mainly uphill races), or both ascent and descent (for up and down races with the start and finish at similar heights). The average incline is normally between five and twenty percent. Courses are clearly marked and should avoid dangerous sections.
Graham–Pollak theorem
In graph theory, the Graham–Pollak theorem states that the edges of an -vertex complete graph cannot be partitioned into fewer than  complete bipartite graphs. It was first published by Ronald Graham and Henry O. Pollak in two papers in 1971 and 1972 (crediting Hans Witsenhausen for a key lemma), in connection with an application to telephone switching circuitry.

The theorem has since become well known and repeatedly studied and generalized in graph theory, in part because of its elegant proof using techniques from algebraic graph theory. More strongly, Aigner & Ziegler (2018) write that all proofs are somehow based on linear algebra: "no combinatorial proof for this result is known".

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Rhiannan Iffland
Rhiannan Iffland (born 9 September 1991) is an Australian high diver. She is a seven-time consecutive Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series champion (2016–2019, 2021–2023). She won her first championship in 2016 as a wildcard entrant in her debut year, the first-ever rookie to do so.

2023 Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series
The 2023 Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series was a season of the Red Bull-sponsored international cliff diving series. It is the 15th edition of this event. The series began on 3 June in Boston, United States, with the final event on 28 January 2024 in Auckland, New Zealand.
Olga Kisseleva
Olga Kisseleva is a French artist. Olga Kisseleva works mainly in installation, science and media art. Her work employs various media, including video, immersive virtual reality, the Web, wireless technology, performance, large-scale art installations and interactive exhibitions.

Immersion (virtual reality)
In virtual reality (VR), immersion is the perception of being physically present in a non-physical world. The perception is created by surrounding the user of the VR system in images, sound or other stimuli that provide an engrossing total environment.
Corregidor (position)
A corregidor (Spanish: [korexiˈðoɾ]) was a local administrative and judicial official in the Spanish Empire. Corregidors were the representatives of the royal jurisdiction over a town and its district. The name comes from the Spanish word corregir, meaning "to correct". Monarchs used corregidors to strengthen royal authority in their colonies or districts, and because of the ties to the crown they were often seen as oppressive.

A corregidor held the position of highest authority over a corregimiento. In the Spanish Americas and the Spanish Philippines, a corregidor was often called an alcalde mayor. Also in Spanish America, the magistrate of an Indian community was called corregidor de Indios, and these positions were bought from the Spanish government. They began to be appointed in Pre-Spanish Imperial fourteenth century Castile.

Kingdom of Castile
The Kingdom of Castile (/kæˈstiːl/; Spanish: Reino de Castilla: Latin: Regnum Castellae) was a polity in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. It traces its origins to the 9th-century County of Castile (Spanish: Condado de Castilla, Latin: Comitatus Castellae), as an eastern frontier lordship of the Kingdom of León. During the 10th century, the Castilian counts increased their autonomy, but it was not until 1065 that it was separated from the Kingdom of León and became a kingdom in its own right. Between 1072 and 1157, it was again united with León, and after 1230, the union became permanent.

Throughout that period, the Castilian kings made extensive conquests in southern Iberia at the expense of the Islamic principalities. The Kingdoms of Castile and of León, with their southern acquisitions, came to be known collectively as the Crown of Castile, a term that also came to encompass overseas expansion.
Milman's reverse Brunn–Minkowski inequality
In mathematics, particularly, in asymptotic convex geometry, Milman's reverse Brunn–Minkowski inequality is a result due to Vitali Milman that provides a reverse inequality to the famous Brunn–Minkowski inequality for convex bodies in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn. Namely, it bounds the volume of the Minkowski sum of two bodies from above in terms of the volumes of the bodies.

Convex body
In mathematics, a convex body in -dimensional Euclidean space  is a compact convex set with non-empty interior. Some authors do not require a non-empty interior, merely that the set is non-empty.

A convex body  is called symmetric if it is centrally symmetric with respect to the origin; that is to say, a point  lies in  if and only if its antipode,  also lies in  Symmetric convex bodies are in a one-to-one correspondence with the unit balls of norms on

Some commonly known examples of convex bodies are the Euclidean ball, the hypercube and the cross-polytope.
Kurdish traditional clothing
Kurdish traditional clothing, also known as Kurdish dress (Kurdish: جلوبەرگی کوردی, Cil û bergên kurdî), refers to the folk costumes of the Kurdish people. The traditions typically vary across different regions and tribes of Kurdistan, but it has some common elements. Historically, Kurdish clothing was more complex and varied, but it has evolved to a simpler form over time. It is also prominently worn during festivals and special occasions such as Newroz.

Kurdish tribes
Kurdish tribes are tribes of Kurdish people, an Iranian ethnic group from the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan in Western Asia.

The tribes are socio-political and generally also a territorial unit based on descent and kinship, real or putative, with a characteristic internal structure. They are naturally divided into a number of sub-tribes, and each of these sub-tribes again are divided into smaller units: clans, lineages and households.
Stephen Grenfell (broadcaster)
Stephen Grenfell was a writer and BBC Radio broadcaster. He presented BBC programmes including Sports Report. He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 10 August 1964.

Grenfell was born in Pretoria, South Africa and spent his formative years at Potchefstroom. In 1932 he left the country, heading for the United Kingdom for work. He served in the Second World War and was discharged in 1942 following injury. Later he joined the BBC where he was a scriptwriter, working on Radio Newsreel and with Richard Dimbleby on Down Your Way. After resigning to work freelance he wrote and narrated radio documentaries as well as writing radio plays.

Returning to South Africa in 1968 he became a freelance contributor to the South African Broadcasting Corporation with a specialism in talks on campaigns of the Second World War.

He died on 7 March 1989 in Johannesburg and was survived by his three daughters.

Radio documentary
A radio documentary is a spoken word radio format devoted to non-fiction narrative. It is broadcast on radio as well as distributed through media such as tape, CD, and podcast. A radio documentary, or feature, covers a topic in depth from one or more perspectives, often featuring interviews, commentary, and sound pictures. A radio feature may include original music compositions and creative sound design or can resemble traditional journalistic radio reporting, but cover an issue in greater depth.
Ohio State Route 313
State Route 313 (SR 313, OH 313) is a 34.38-mile (55.33 km) long east–west state highway located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  The western terminus of SR 313 is at a T-intersection with SR 146 approximately 9.50 miles (15.29 km) northwest of the village of  Cumberland.  Its eastern terminus is near the eastern end of Senecaville Lake at a T-intersection with SR 147 nearly 3.50 miles (5.63 km) southwest of Batesville.

Senecaville Lake
Senecaville Lake is a reservoir in Guernsey and Noble Counties, Ohio. It is located approximately 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Cambridge near the village of Senecaville, Ohio.  The lake is popular among recreation and fishing enthusiasts.  It is often referred to locally as Seneca Lake.
Bill Herrion
William Richard Herrion (born April 6, 1958) is an American college basketball coach.  From 2005 to 2023, he was the men's head coach at the University of New Hampshire.  Prior to coming to UNH, he served as the head coach at East Carolina University and Drexel University.  He has been an assistant with Boston University, George Washington University, and the U.S. National Team.

University of New Hampshire
The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. It was founded and incorporated in 1866 as a land grant college in Hanover, moved to Durham in 1893, and adopted its current name in 1923.

The university's Durham campus comprises six colleges. A seventh college, the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, occupies the university's campus in Manchester. The University of New Hampshire School of Law is in Concord, the state's capital. The university is part of the University System of New Hampshire and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

As of 2018, its combined campuses made UNH the largest state university system in the state of New Hampshire, with over 15,000 students. It was also the most expensive state-sponsored school in the United States for in-state students.
Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format
Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format or TNEF is a proprietary email attachment format used by Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange Server. An attached file with TNEF encoding is most often named winmail.dat or win.dat, and has a MIME type of Application/MS-TNEF.
The official (IANA) media type, however, is application/vnd.ms-tnef.

Microsoft Exchange Server
Microsoft Exchange Server is a mail server and calendaring server developed by Microsoft. It runs exclusively on Windows Server operating systems.

The first version was called Exchange Server 4.0, to position it as the successor to the related Microsoft Mail 3.5. Exchange initially used the X.400 directory service but switched to Active Directory later. Until version 5.0, it came bundled with an email client called Microsoft Exchange Client. This was discontinued in favor of Microsoft Outlook.

Exchange Server primarily uses a proprietary protocol called MAPI to talk to email clients, but subsequently added support for POP3, IMAP, and EAS. The standard SMTP protocol is used to communicate to other Internet mail servers.

Exchange Server is licensed both as on-premises software and software as a service (SaaS). In the on-premises form, customers purchase client access licenses (CALs); as SaaS, Microsoft charges a monthly service fee instead.
Air Craft Marine Engineering
The Air Craft Marine Engineering Company (ACME) was a short-lived aircraft manufacturer based in Van Nuys, California. It was established in 1954 to develop an amphibious utility aircraft, the ACME Anser.

Utility aircraft
A utility aircraft is a general-purpose light airplane or helicopter, usually used for transporting people, freight, or other supplies, but also used for other duties when more specialized aircraft are not required or available.

The term can also refer to an aircraft type certificated under American, Canadian, European, or Australian regulations as a Utility Category Aircraft, which indicates that it is permitted to conduct limited aerobatics. The approved maneuvers include chandelles, lazy eights, spins, and steep turns over 60° of bank.

In the United States, military utility aircraft are given the prefix U in their designations.
Bill Frendin
Magnus Joseph 'Bill' Frendin (1919-2014) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s.

Frendin was a lower grade player at St. George who played two first grade games in 1945. With so many players enlisted in World War II, Bill Frendin (who was a police constable at Rockdale, New South Wales) was able to fill in at prop for Bill McRitchie on two occasions. Bill Frendin was the Superintendent at the St.George Police Citizens Boys Club during his playing days and went on to become a detective in later years.

Frendin died on 6 May 2014, aged 94 at the Gannon Gardens Nursing Home, Hurstville, New South Wales.

Hurstville
Hurstville is a suburb in Southern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is 16 km (9.9 mi) south of the Sydney CBD and is part of the St George area. Hurstville is the administrative centre of the local government area of the Georges River Council.

The suburb is predominantly Asian Australian in character, with 63% of the population of Asian origin, among the highest in the country. Sometimes described as "Sydney's Real Chinatown", an estimated 37% of residents are immigrants from mainland China.
Mosman bomb hoax
The Mosman bomb hoax took place in the Lower North Shore Sydney suburb of Mosman, New South Wales, Australia on 3 August 2011. An apparent collar bomb was placed around the neck of 18-year-old student Madeleine Pulver by a balaclava-clad home intruder. A note attached to the device stated that any attempt to alert law enforcement would "trigger an immediate BRIAN DOUGLAS WELLS event". Brian Wells was a pizza delivery driver who was killed in a bank robbery involving a collar bomb in 2003.

Balaclava (clothing)
A balaclava, also called a ski mask or racing mask (and sometimes a sheisty in African-American Vernacular English), is a piece of cloth headgear designed to expose only part of the face, usually the eyes and mouth. Depending on style and how it is worn, only the eyes, mouth and nose, or just the front of the face are unprotected. Versions with enough of a full face opening may be rolled into a hat to cover the crown of the head or folded down as a collar around the neck. It is commonly used in alpine skiing, snowboarding, motorsport and motorcycle racing.
Saul V. Levine
Saul V. Levine (born 1938) is a Canadian psychiatrist and author, professor emeritus at various universities for psychiatry at University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; Stanford University Medical School; and University of Toronto (1970–1993). He was chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, from 1993–2011. He was department head of psychiatry at Sunnybrook Medical Center in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

American Psychiatric Association
38°52′47″N 77°01′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.879713°N 77.025061°W﻿ / 38.879713; -77.025061

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the largest psychiatric organization in the world. It has more than 39,200 members who are involved in psychiatric practice, research, and academia representing a diverse population of patients in more than 100 countries. The association publishes various journals and pamphlets, as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM codifies psychiatric conditions and is used mostly in the United States as a guide for diagnosing mental disorders.

The organization has its headquarters in Washington, D.C.
Relaxing at Sea: Live on the QE2
Relaxing at Sea: Live on the QE2 is a live album by jazz saxophonist Lou Donaldson recorded on the Queen Elizabeth 2 ocean liner and released on the Chiaroscuro label featuring Donaldson with Lonnie Smith, Randy Johnston, and Danny Burger with Nicholas Payton added on trumpet on two tracks.

The album was awarded 4 stars in an Allmusic review by Alex Henderson who states "Donaldson continued to command a loyal following when he entered his 70s; the improviser had just turned 73 when Relaxing at Sea was recorded... it was obvious that he could still play the heck out of his alto... Although it falls short of essential, Relaxing at Sea Live on the QE2 is a solid, pleasing addition to Donaldson's huge catalog".

Lou Donaldson
Louis Andrew Donaldson Jr. (November 1, 1926 – November 9, 2024) was an American jazz alto saxophonist. He was best known for his soulful, bluesy approach to playing the alto saxophone, although in his formative years he was heavily influenced by Charlie Parker, as were many during the bebop era.
Circinaria calcarea
Circinaria calcarea is a species of crustose lichen in the family Megasporaceae. It was first described as a new species by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum. Linnaeus named it Lichen calcareus, as he classified all lichens in the eponymously named genus. The species has had an extensive taxonomic history, resulting in dozens of synonyms. In 2010, it was placed in its current genus, Circinaria, following molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Megasporaceae.

Circinaria calcarea has a cosmopolitan distribution, having been recorded from the Arctic, Asia, Australasia, Europe, Oceania, Central America, South America, and North America. It is a saxicolous lichen, and grows on calcareous, calciferous, and basic rock.

Species Plantarum
Species Plantarum (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the starting point for the naming of plants.
Archepandemis coniferana
Archepandemis coniferana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae first described by Akira Mutuura in 1978. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta, British Columbia and California. The habitat consists of coniferous forests.

The wingspan is over 17.5 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from mid to late July.

Larvae have been reared from Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Juniperus species, Picea engelmannii and Tsuga heterophylla.

Douglas fir
The Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is an evergreen conifer species in the pine family, Pinaceae. It is the tallest tree in the Pinaceae family.  It is native to western North America and is also known as Douglas-fir, Douglas spruce, Oregon pine, and Columbian pine. There are three varieties: coast Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. menziesii), Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. glauca) and Mexican Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. lindleyana).

Despite its common names, it is not a true fir (genus Abies), spruce (genus Picea), or pine (genus Pinus). It is also not a hemlock (genus Tsuga); the genus name Pseudotsuga means "false hemlock".
Frances Callier
Eleanor Frances Callier (born May 17, 1969) is an American producer, writer, comedian and actress. Her television credits include According to Jim, My Name Is Earl, Frasier, Drake & Josh, Hannah Montana, and Curb Your Enthusiasm. Callier is also known for her co-starring role in the British comedy, 3 Non-Blondes.

According to Jim
According to Jim is an American sitcom television series starring Jim Belushi in the title role as a suburban father of three children (and then five children, starting with the seventh season finale). It originally ran on ABC from October 3, 2001, to June 2, 2009.
Witnek Pass
31°52′52.0″S 24°41′43.4″E﻿ / ﻿31.881111°S 24.695389°E﻿ / -31.881111; 24.695389
Witnek Pass, (English: White Neck), is situated in the Eastern Cape, province of South Africa, on the road between Nieu-Bethesda and Cradock, Eastern Cape.

Nxuba
Nxuba, formerly Cradock, is a town in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, in the upper valley of the Great Fish River, 250 kilometres (160 mi) by road northeast of Gqeberha. The town is the administrative seat of the Inxuba Yethemba Local Municipality in the Chris Hani District of the Eastern Cape.

The town is originally named after John Cradock, governor of the Cape Colony in early 19th century and commander of the forces.