hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Žemaičių ir Lietuvos apžvalga
Žemaičių ir Lietuvos apžvalga (literally: Samogitian and Lithuanian Review, original spelling: Żemajczių ir Lietuwos Apżwałga), often abbreviated as Apžvalga, was a Lithuanian-language Catholic newspaper published in Tilsit, East Prussia, in 1889–1896. At the time, Lithuanian press was banned and the newspaper had to be smuggled across the Prussia–Russia border. It promoted and supported the Lithuanian National Revival, but above all defended the Catholic faith. While it was fiercely anti-Tsarist publication when it came to religious and cultural topics, it was a socially conservative publication. It was replaced by a relatively more liberal Tėvynės sargas established in 1896.

Lithuanian book smugglers
Lithuanian book smugglers or Lithuanian book carriers (Lithuanian: knygnešiaĩ, singular: knygnešys) smuggled Lithuanian language books printed in the Latin alphabet into Lithuanian-speaking areas of the Russian Empire, defying a ban on such materials in force from 1864 to 1904. In Lithuanian, knygnešys literally means "the one who carries books".  Opposing imperial Russian authorities' efforts to replace the traditional Latin orthography with Cyrillic, and transporting printed matter from as far away as the United States to do so, the book smugglers became a symbol of Lithuanians' resistance to Russification.
Futurology (album)
Futurology is the twelfth studio album by Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers, released on 7 July 2014 by Columbia Records. The album features collaborations with Green Gartside, Nina Hoss, Georgia Ruth, Cian Ciaran and Cate Le Bon.

Supported by two singles, "Walk Me to the Bridge" and the title track "Futurology", Futurology received acclaim from music critics, and was their highest-charting album since Send Away the Tigers, peaking and debuting at No. 2 on the UK Album Chart.

Gigwise
Gigwise (stylised as GigWise) was a British music webzine and later, a print magazine. The site was founded in Liverpool in 2001, and subsequently moved its headquarters to London. Over time, its scope grew from providing gig listings to publishing music news, album reviews, artist interviews, and live music coverage. From 2021–2023, a Gigwise print magazine was also published. During its existence, Gigwise's content was reprinted by mainstream news and entertainment outlets including BBC News, the Guardian and Rolling Stone.

Gigwise closed in 2024. The domain was subsequently taken over by an AI-driven outfit, who publish a celebrity-oriented site using the Gigwise name.
Milot, Haiti
Milot (French pronunciation: [milo]; Haitian Creole: Milo) is a commune in the Nord department of Haiti, 12 miles south of Cap-Haïtien. It is the site of Sans-Souci Palace, one of Haiti's most revered landmarks. The Citadelle Laferrière, Haiti's best-known landmark, is five miles (8 km) by road to the south. The town also hosts a hospital, Hôpital Sacré Coeur, run by the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and the Crudem Foundation.

Departments of Haiti
In the administrative divisions of Haiti, the department (French: département d'Haïti, pronounced [depaʁtəmɑ̃ d‿aiti]; Haitian Creole: depatman Ayiti) is the first of four levels of government. Haiti is divided administratively into ten departments, which are further subdivided into 42 arrondissements, 145 communes, and 571 communal sections.

In 2014, there was a proposal by the Chamber of Deputies to increase the number of departments from 10 to 14 —perhaps as high as 16.
Keep On Churnin' (Till the Butter Comes)
"Keep On Churnin' (Till the Butter Comes)" is a rhythm and blues song written by Henry Glover, Jester Hairston, and Lois Mann. It was first recorded in 1952 by Wynonie Harris, with backing from the Todd Rhodes Orchestra, and released by King Records. The song was also recorded by Hank Ballard and the Midnighters. It has been rated as one of the best double entendre songs of all time.

Jester Hairston
Jester Joseph Hairston (July 9, 1901 – January 18, 2000) was an American composer, songwriter, arranger, choral conductor and actor. He was regarded as a leading expert on black spirituals and choral music. His notable compositions include "Amen", a gospel-tinged theme from the film Lilies of the Field and a 1964 hit for the Impressions, and the Christmas song "Mary's Boy Child".
James Frawley
James Joseph Frawley (September 29, 1936 – January 22, 2019) was an American director and actor. He was a member of the Actors Studio since around 1961. He was best known for directing The Muppet Movie (1979), and The Monkees television series.

Ghost Whisperer
Ghost Whisperer is an American supernatural television series, which ran on CBS from September 23, 2005, to May 21, 2010.

The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt), who has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts. While trying to live as normal a life as possible—she is married and owns an antique store—Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over into the light, or the spirit world. Her tasks are difficult and at times she struggles with people who push her away and do not believe in her gift. In addition, the ghosts are mysterious and sometimes menacing at first, and Melinda must use the clues available to her to understand the spirits' needs and help them. The show was created by John Gray and was produced by Sander/Moses Productions, executive producer, and Jennifer Love Hewitt in association with ABC Studios and CBS Television Studios.

On May 18, 2010, CBS canceled the series after five seasons.
Enthoven
Enthoven is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alain Enthoven (born 1930), American economist

Dick Enthoven (1937–2022), South African billionaire businessman

Gabrielle Enthoven (1868–1950), English playwright and actress

Geoffrey Enthoven, Belgian film director

Henry Enthoven (1855–?), English rugby player

Marie Enthoven, filmmaker, cousin of Geoffrey Enthoven

Patrick Enthoven (born 1943/44), South African businessman

Jean-Paul Enthoven (born 1949), French journalist, father of Raphaël

Raphaël Enthoven (born 1975), French philosopher

Reginald Edward Enthoven (1869–1952), British administrator in India

Robby Enthoven (born 1968), South African businessman

Sam Enthoven (born 1974), English children's author

Tommy Enthoven (1903–1975), English cricket player

Reginald Edward Enthoven
Reginald Edward Enthoven CIE (1869– 21 May 1952) was an administrator in the Indian Civil Service of the British Raj and an author of publications related to India, including the three volumes entitled The Tribes and Castes of Bombay that formed a part of the Ethnographic Survey of India.
Weidmann
Weidmann is a German surname derived from the meaning "hunter". Notable people with the surname include:

Cédric Weidmann (born 1991), Swiss writer, philologist and literary promoter.

Chris Weidman (born 1984), former World Champion in Mixed Martial Arts – UFC Middleweight Champion.

Eugen Weidmann (1908–1939), German convict who was the last to be publicly executed in France

Jens Weidmann (born 1968), president of Deutsche Bundesbank

Jozef Weidmann (1899–1962), Dutch-Surinamese Catholic priest, politician and union leader

Karl Weidmann (born 1931), Swiss rower

Manfred Weidmann (born 1945) German footballer

Moritz Georg Weidmann (1686–1743), German publisher and bookseller, son of the Elder

Jozef Weidmann
Leonardus Josephus "Jozef" Weidmann (3 October 1899 – 15 September 1962) was a Dutch-Surinamese Catholic priest, politician and union leader. He is one of the founders of the Progressive Surinamese People's Party (PSV). Weidmann played a leading role in establishing universal suffrage in Suriname, and was the founder of Progressive Workers Organisation, the oldest recognised trade union in Suriname.
Labastide-Esparbairenque
Labastide-Esparbairenque (French pronunciation: [labastid ɛspaʁbeʁɛ̃k]; Occitan: La Bastida Esparveirenca) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.

The artist colony in the village, La Muse, was set up 16 years ago, by the writers John Fanning and Kerry Eielson.

La Muse
La Muse is an artists' community located in Labastide Esparbairenque, France.

It is a manor house in a small village in the mountains, 25 minutes drive from Carcassonne. It is in the Cathar region.

The residence offers retreats to artists and writers working in fiction, non-fiction, musical composition, painting, performance art, photography, printmaking, sculpture, and video, choreography, film, as well as crafts and arts.

It has an art studio and a chapel that residents can access.

The average length of a residency is 3 weeks.

La Muse is a member of Res Artis, the worldwide network of artists residencies.
Aggenus Urbicus
Aggenus Urbicus (also Agennius Urbicus) was an ancient Roman technical writer appearing in the Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum, a collection of works on land surveying from Late Antiquity. It is uncertain when he lived, but he may have been a Christian living in the later part of the 4th century, judging by expressions he uses.

Only two, fragmentary works are preserved in the Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum under his name:

De controversiis agrorum ("On Land Disputes")

Commentum de agrorum qualitate ("Commentary on Land Quality"), a commentary on the work of this name by Frontinus.

The Liber Diazographus ("Multi-coloured Painter Book") attached to the Commentum is sometimes counted as a third work.

Karl Lachmann
Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann (German: [ˈlaxman]; 4 March 1793 – 13 March 1851) was a German philologist and critic. He is particularly noted for his foundational contributions to the field of textual criticism.
History of rugby union matches between South Africa and the Barbarians
South Africa and the Barbarians have played each other on nine occasions. The first encounter was in January 1952 and saw South Africa win 17–3 at the Cardiff Arms Park. More recently, the two teams have played in a "Final Challenge" match in the end-of-year rugby union tests, which is often played at Twickenham.

End-of-year rugby union internationals
The end-of-year rugby union internationals (also known as the autumn internationals in Six Nations countries and the spring internationals in SANZAAR countries) are rugby union games contested by men's national teams during World Rugby's international window in October and November.

Matches in this window are held annually except during the years of the Rugby World Cup. In general SANZAAR teams travel in this window. Usually, Second-tier national teams also have games.

Grand Slam tours can occur in this window. This is where a nation plays the four home unions of Britain and Ireland – England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

Every four years, this window is extended and used for the Rugby World Cup.

From 2026, this international window will be used for the new Nations Championship on even years.
Jumeken Najimedenov
Jūmeken Sаbyrūly Näjımedenov (Kazakh: Жұмекен Сабырұлы Нәжімеденов; 28 November 1935 – 22 November 1983) was a Kazakh poet. He was born in Kurmangazy District in Atyrau Province, Kazakhstan.

In 1956, he wrote the lyrics of the Kazakh patriotic song "Menıñ Qazaqstanym" along with Şämşı Qaldaiaqov, who composed the music.

The song "Menıñ Qazaqstanym" was modified in 2006 by First Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev, and has since became the current national anthem of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

National anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states.
L-aspartate oxidase
In enzymology, L-aspartate oxidase (EC 1.4.3.16) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are L-aspartic acid and oxygen. Its products are iminosuccinic acid and hydrogen peroxide. In Escherichia coli another enzyme, quinolinate synthase, takes the product with dihydroxyacetone phosphate to form quinolinic acid but simple hydrolysis gives oxaloacetic acid.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors with oxygen as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-aspartate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating). This enzyme is part of the pathway for alanine metabolism and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis. It employs one cofactor, flavin adenine dinucleotide.

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP, also glycerone phosphate in older texts) is the anion with the formula HOCH2C(O)CH2OPO32-.  This anion is involved in many metabolic pathways, including the Calvin cycle in plants and glycolysis. It is the phosphate ester of dihydroxyacetone.
Maria Wilhelmine von Thun und Hohenstein
Maria Wilhelmine von Thun und Hohenstein, born Uhlfeldt (Vienna 13 June 1744 – Vienna 18 May 1800) was a Viennese countess. She is remembered as the sponsor of a musically and intellectually outstanding salon and for her patronage of music, notably that of Mozart and Beethoven.

Salon (gathering)
A salon is a gathering of people held by a host. These gatherings often consciously followed Horace's definition of the aims of poetry, "either to please or to educate" (Latin: aut delectare aut prodesse). Salons in the tradition of the French literary and philosophical movements of the 17th and 18th centuries are still being conducted.
Henri Pouctal
Henri Pouctal (c. 1856 – 3 February 1922) was an early French silent film director, screenwriter, and actor of the stage and film. He is best known for his directorship on silent films of the 1910s, notably Alsace (1916) or Chantecoq (1916), and The Count of Monte Cristo serials in 1918.

He was a stage actor at the Théâtre de l'Odéon, and André Antoine's Théâtre Libre. The first film directed by him was Le Curé de Campagne in 1908. Pouctal directed about 100 films between 1908 and 1922. By 1913, he became the artistic director of Le Film d'Art production company.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
23rd Busan International Film Festival
The 23rd Busan International Film Festival was held from 4 October to 13 October 2018 at the Busan Cinema Center. A total of 324 films from 79 countries were screened during the festival, including 115 world premieres and 25 international premieres.

The DGK Award, which had been boycotted by the Director's Guild of Korea in 2016 and 2017, was reinstated during this edition of the festival.

Busan Cinema Center
The Busan Cinema Center (Korean: 영화의전당), also called Dureraum (두레라움; lit. enjoying seeing movies together), is the official venue of the Busan International Film Festival (BIFF), located in Centum City, Busan, South Korea. The about US$150 million (KRW 167.85 billion) center opened on September 29, 2011, almost three years after construction began.

The building won the International Architecture Award and the Chicago Athenaeum in 2007. As of July 2013, it has the Guinness World Record for the longest cantilever roof. The center was designed by the Austrian architectural design firm Coop Himmelb(l)au and constructed by Hanjin Heavy Industries.
Stig (given name)
Stig (also spelled Stieg) is a common masculine Scandinavian given name. The name has origins in Old West Norse Stígr, and derives from the word stiga, meaning "wanderer". Originally a nickname, it later became a given name. The nicknames Stickan and Stikkan derive from Stig.

Notable people with the name Stig include:

Stig Olin
Stig Olin, né Högberg (11 September 1920 – 28 June 2008) was a Swedish actor, theatre director, songwriter and singer. 
He was the father of actress Lena Olin and singer Mats Olin (1947–2023). He was married to film actresses Britta Holmberg and Helena Kallenbäck.
Clam cake
Clam cakes (also known as clam fritters) are a part of New England cuisine, most commonly found in Rhode Island although they can also be found in Connecticut, Maine, and Massachusetts. They are balls of battered clams which have been deep-fried. On the Maine coast, clam cakes are formed into large, flat patties and fried.

Clam cakes are often served at take-out food outlets or other informal settings as finger food, as part of a meal consisting of several clam cakes, french fries, and cole slaw. This is often served alongside clam chowder. The cakes tend to be eaten dry, dipped in clam chowder or tartar sauce.

Clam fritters are particularly popular during clamming season when clams are in abundance and it is legal during limited, specified periods for private citizens to dig their own. The surplus of clams must be used up quickly so they do not spoil.

Clam digging
Clam digging is the way to harvest clams (edible infaunal bivalve mollusks) from below the surface of the tidal sand flats or mudflats where they live, by digging. It is done both recreationally (for enjoyment or as a source of food) and commercially (as a source of income). Commercial digging in Canada and the United States is colloquially referred to as clamming, and is done by a clammer.

Native Americans on the Pacific coast have been harvesting clams for many years. Clams have been a historical food source tribes such as the Coos tribe.
Dartmoor Sunday Rover
The Dartmoor Sunday Rover was a Devon County Council-supported bus and rail network in Devon, England. It was withdrawn after the 2015 season.

The network included buses operated by Stagecaoch Devon, Country Bus, Dartline and Target Travel. These linked places such as Exeter, Newton Abbot and Plymouth with Tavistock, Widecombe, Gunnislake, Ivybridge, Moretonhampstead and Bovey Tracey. The rail lines included were the Tamar Valley Line from Plymouth to Gunnislake and a special Sunday service from Exeter to Okehampton where it connected with the heritage Dartmoor Railway.

Gunnislake railway station
Gunnislake railway station (Cornish: Dowrgonna) serves the village of Gunnislake in Cornwall, England. There are also connecting buses from here to the town of Tavistock. However the station is located in or nearer to the villages of Drakewalls and Albaston.  It is the northern terminus of the Tamar Valley Line from Plymouth.
Norman Mac Lean
Norman Mac Lean was a sportswriter who wrote for The Associated Press, Reuters and United Press International. He was also managing editor for 25 issues of Who's Who in Baseball, beginning in 1973. In the 1970s, he served as a television personality covering the New York Rangers alongside Tim Ryan. He authored numerous books, including Casey Stengel: A Biography. He also wrote for The Sports Network. He was born April 1, 1930, in Truro, Nova Scotia Canada and died March 20, 2015.

The Sports Network
The Sports Network (TSN) is a Canadian English language discretionary sports specialty channel owned by CTV Specialty Television, a joint venture of Bell Media (80%) and ESPN Inc. (20%). TSN was established by the Labatt Brewing Company in 1984 as part of the first group of Canadian specialty cable channels. In 2013, TSN was the largest specialty channel in Canada in terms of gross revenue, with a total of CA$400.4 million in revenue.

TSN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located at Bell Media Agincourt in the Scarborough neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario. Stewart Johnston currently serves as president of TSN, a position he has held since 2010. TSN's networks focus on sports-related programming, including live and recorded event telecasts, sports talk shows, and other original programming.
Raimondo Van Riel
Raimondo Van Riel (22 January 1881, in Rome – 9 May 1962, in Mentana) was an Italian actor.

Raimondo Van Riel was born on January 22, 1881, in Rome, Lazio, Italy. He is known for his work on Quo Vadis? (1924), The Magnificent Rogue (1935) and Scipione l'africano (1937). He was married to Aidé Bongini. He died on May 9, 1962, in Rome.

Mentana
Mentana is a town and comune, former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, central Italy. It is located 29 kilometres (18 mi) north-east of Rome and has a population of about 23,000.
Subtone
Subtone is an advanced technique of tone generation on woodwind instruments, particularly the saxophone and clarinet. It is often described as a soft, breathy timbre that is usually produced in the lowest range of the instrument with low volume.

Range (music)
In music, the range, or chromatic range, of a musical instrument is the distance from the lowest to the highest pitch it can play. For a singing voice, the equivalent is vocal range. The range of a musical part is the distance between its lowest and highest note.
2015 Aegon Championships – Doubles
Alexander Peya and Bruno Soares were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Nicolas Mahut.
Herbert and Mahut went on to win the title, defeating Marcin Matkowski and Nenad Zimonjić in the final, 6–2, 6–2.

Alexander Peya
Alexander Peya (born 27 June 1980) is an Austrian tennis coach and a former professional player. His career-high doubles ranking was World No. 3, first achieved in August 2013. He also reached a career-high singles ranking of No. 92 in April 2007. Peya won the 2018 Wimbledon mixed doubles title alongside Nicole Melichar-Martinez, defeating Jamie Murray and Victoria Azarenka in the final.
2018 Challenger Banque Nationale de Drummondville – Doubles
Sam Groth and Adil Shamasdin were the defending champions but only Shamasdin chose to defend his title, partnering Frank Dancevic. Dancevic and Shamasdin withdrew in the semifinals.

Joris De Loore and Frederik Nielsen won the title after defeating Luis David Martínez and Filip Peliwo 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Sam Groth
Samuel Groth (born 19 October 1987) is an Australian politician and professional tennis player. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the seat of Nepean in 2022 representing the Victorian Liberal Party until his retirement from Parliament in February 2026, causing a by-election.

His highest ATP singles ranking was World No. 53, which he reached in August 2015. His career high in doubles was World No. 24, reached in February 2015. Groth's best singles result was a semi-final appearance at the 2014 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships.

He holds the record for the world's fastest serve at 263 km/h (163.4 mph), which he hit in 2012 at the ATP Challenger in Busan.

Prior to his political career, he worked for the Nine Network's tennis broadcasts, and as a host on Postcards.