hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2015 Team Speedway Junior European Championship
The 2015 Team Speedway Junior European Championship was the eighth Team Speedway Junior European Championship season. It was organised by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme and was the fourth as an under 21 years of age event.

The final took place on 12 September 2015 in Plzeň, Czech Republic. The defending champions Poland won the final once again to record their fourth consecutive title win but were pushed all the way by Sweden, who finished just one point behind.

Poland national under-21 speedway team
The Poland national under-21 speedway team is the national under-21 motorcycle speedway team of Poland and is controlled by the Polish Motor Union (PZM). The Under-21 Speedway World Cup has been dominated by Poland with them winning first place in all of the past championships. Karol Ząbik was a member of Poland team by three finals (2005-2007). Poland has produced seven Under-21 Individual World Champions: Piotr Protasiewicz (1996), Robert Dados (1998), Dawid Kujawa (2001), Jarosław Hampel (2003), Robert Miśkowiak (2004), Krzysztof Kasprzak (2005) and Karol Ząbik (2006).
Development theory
Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved. Such theories draw on a variety of social science disciplines and approaches. In this article, multiple theories are discussed, as are recent developments with regard to these theories. Depending on which theory that is being looked at, there are different explanations to the process of development and their inequalities.

Market intervention
A market intervention is a policy or measure that modifies or interferes with a market, typically done in the form of state action, but also by philanthropic and political-action groups. Market interventions can be done for a number of reasons, including as an attempt to correct market failures, or more broadly to promote public interests or protect the interests of specific groups.

Economic interventions can be aimed at a variety of political or economic objectives, including but not limited to promoting economic growth, increasing employment, raising wages, raising or reducing prices, reducing income inequality, managing the money supply and interest rates, or increasing profits. A wide variety of tools can be used to achieve these aims, such as taxes or fines, state owned enterprises, subsidies, or regulations such as price floors and price ceilings.
Rinus Houtman
Rinus Houtman (born 6 December 1942 in Maastricht) is a Dutch politician of the Reformed Political Party (SGP). He was mayor of Nieuw-Lekkerland from 2007 to 2012, and has been mayor of Leerdam since 2013.

Nieuw-Lekkerland
Nieuw-Lekkerland (Dutch pronunciation: [niu ˈlɛkərˌlɑnt] ⓘ) is a town in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. It is situated on the southern shores of the Lek River, in the north-west of the Alblasserwaard.

The town's name evolved slightly over time: in 1280 Leckerlant, in 1331 Niewe Leckerland, and in 1903 Nieuw Lekkerland. It means "land of or near the river Lek" with the addition of "nieuw" ("new") to distinguish it from Old Lekkerland (now Lekkerkerk) across the river.
Dhutanga
Dhutanga (Pali dhutaṅga, Sinhala: ධුතාඞ්ග) or dhūtaguṇa (Sanskrit) is a group of austerities or ascetic practices taught in Buddhism. The Theravada tradition teaches a set of thirteen dhutangas, while Mahayana Buddhist sources teach a set of twelve dhūtaguṇas. The term is generally understood to be derived from the root dhu "to shake" and could mean practices which help one "shake off" the defilements. Thus, the dhutangas are meant to help eliminate the defilements in the mind, and thus to deepen Buddhist practice. Their aim is to help the practitioner to develop detachment with material things including the body. Dhutanga practice is not considered a necessary requirement for a monk as is Śīla (virtue).

Visuddhimagga
The Visuddhimagga (Pali; English: The Path of Purification; Vietnamese: Thanh tịnh đạo), is the 'great treatise' on Buddhist practice and Theravāda Abhidhamma written by Buddhaghosa approximately in the 5th century in Sri Lanka. It is a manual condensing and systematizing the 5th century understanding and interpretation of the Buddhist path as maintained by the elders of the Mahavihara Monastery in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.

It is considered the most important Theravada text outside the Tipitaka canon of scriptures, and is described as "the hub of a complete and coherent method of exegesis of the Tipitaka."
Amrit Kaur
Rajkumari Bibiji Amrit Kaur DStJ (née Ahluwalia; 2 February 1887 – 6 February 1964) was an Indian activist and politician. Following her long-lasting association with the Indian independence movement, she was appointed the first and the longest serving Health Minister of India in 1947 and remained in office until 1957. She also held the charge of Sports Minister and Urban Development Minister and was instrumental in setting up the National Institute of Sports, Patiala. During her tenure, Kaur ushered in several healthcare reforms in India and is widely remembered for her contributions to the sector and her advocacy of women's rights. Kaur was also a member of the Constituent Assembly of India, the body that framed the Constitution of India. She was the first Indian woman as a minister in central ministry.

Raja
Raja (/ˈrɑːdʒɑː/; from IAST rājan-) is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

The title has a long history in South Asia and Southeast Asia, being attested from the Rigveda, where a rājan- is a ruler, see for example the daśarājñá yuddhá, the "Battle of Ten Kings".

The title has equivalent cognates in other Indo-European languages, notably the Latin Rex and the Celtic Rix.

The Maratha title "Rao" (or "Rao") functions as both a given name and an honorific title, derived from words like the Sanskrit "Rājā" meaning "king," is a associated with the Kshatriya varna and can be considered a Kshatriya title.
DiLorenzo
DiLorenzo is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francis X. DiLorenzo (1942–2017), American Roman Catholic bishop

Daniel DiLorenzo, medical device entrepreneur and physician-scientist

Thomas DiLorenzo, American economics professor

Vincent Dilorenzo (1911–1989), English rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s, and rugby union footballer who played in the 1940s

Danielle DiLorenzo, a contestant of the American reality television show Survivor

Laura DiLorenzo, co-protagonist of the 2007 homemade music video Chongalicious

Daniel DiLorenzo
Daniel John DiLorenzo is a medical device entrepreneur and physician-scientist. He is the inventor of several technologies for the treatment of neurological disease and is the founder of several companies which are developing technologies to treat epilepsy and other medical diseases and improve the quality of life of afflicted patients.
Postplatyptilia fuscicornis
Postplatyptilia fuscicornis is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Uruguay.

The wingspan is 15–17 mm (0.59–0.67 in). Adults are on wing in February.

Pterophoridae
The Pterophoridae or plume moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings, giving them the shape of a narrow winged airplane. Though they belong to the Apoditrysia like the larger moths and the butterflies, unlike these they are tiny and were formerly included among the assemblage called "microlepidoptera".
16879 Campai
16879 Campai (provisional designation 1998 BH10) is a stony Witt asteroid and slow rotator from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers (6 miles)  in diameter. The S-type asteroid was discovered on 24 January 1998, by Italian astronomers Andrea Boattini and Maura Tombelli at the Pistoia Mountains Astronomical Observatory in San Marcello Pistoiese, Tuscany, central Italy. It was named for Italian amateur astronomer Paolo Campai.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
October 1916 Icelandic parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 21 October 1916. Voters elected all 26 seats in the Lower House of the Althing and eight of the fourteen seats in Upper House, the other six having been elected in August. The Home Rule Party emerged as the largest party in the Lower House of the Althing, winning eight of the 26 seats.

Home Rule Party (Iceland)
The Home Rule Party (Icelandic: Heimastjórnarflokkurinn) was a political party in Iceland between 1900 and 1923. Alongside the Independence Party, it was one of two dominant parties in the country in the early 20th century. Its leader was Hannes Hafstein.
Ester Petitón
Ester Petitón (born 1966) is a retired Cuban sprinter who specialized in the 200 and 400 metres.

She finished seventh in the 200 metres at the 1983 Pan American Games and sixth in the same event at the 1987 Pan American Games. At the 1987 Central American and Caribbean Championships she won the gold medal in 200 and the bronze medal in 400 metres.  She also competed in the 400 metres at the 1987 World Championships without reaching the final. Petitón also became Cuban champion.

In the 4 × 100 metres relay she won a bronze medal at the 1982 Central American and Caribbean Games.

In the 4 × 400 metres relay she won a gold medal at the 1986 Central American and Caribbean Games and finished fourth at the 1987 Pan American Games. She also competed at the 1987 World Championships without reaching the final.

Athletics at the 1986 Central American and Caribbean Games
The athletics competition in the 1986 Central American and Caribbean Games were held in Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic.

It was the first time that women's 10,000 metres, marathon and racewalking events were held.
Shenhua CTL
Shenhua CTL (also known as Ningxia CTL, Chinese: 神华CTL) is a planned coal liquefaction plant in Ningdong, Ningxia, China. Its planned capacity is 80,000 barrels per day (13,000 m3/d).  The liquefaction plant is to use a Sasol's indirect liquefaction technology, based on the Fischer–Tropsch process.

The feasibility study was carried out by Foster Wheeler and Wuhuan Engineering.  The constriction is to start in October 2010 and it expected to cost US$7 billion.  The project was developed by Sasol and Ningxia Coal Industry Group, a subsidiary of Shenhua Group.  The agreement between companies was signed on 21 June 2006.  In September 2011, Sasol pulled back from the project.

Shenhua Group
Shenhua Group Corporation Limited was a Chinese state-owned mining and energy company.  Shenhua Group was founded in October 1995 under the auspices of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. It was the largest coal-producing company in China. In 2014 Shenhua Group produced 437 million tons of coal and sold 588 million tons of coal. In 2014, Shenhua Group's revenue was 328.6 billion yuan (~US$53 billion), and the company ranked 196th in the Global Fortune 500. The same year the Shenhua Group's profit was 64 billion yuan (~US$10 billion). On August 28, 2017, SASAC announced that China Guodian Corporation and Shenhua Group would be  jointly restructured, with Shenhua Group becoming China Energy Investment Corporation and absorbing China Guodian Corporation.: 102
Nonabelian cohomology
In mathematics, a nonabelian cohomology is any cohomology with coefficients in a nonabelian group, a sheaf of nonabelian groups or even in a topological space.

If homology is thought of as the abelianization of homotopy (cf. Hurewicz theorem), then the nonabelian cohomology may be thought of as a dual of homotopy groups.

Homotopy
In topology, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from Ancient Greek: ὁμός homós 'same, similar' and τόπος tópos 'place') if one can be "continuously deformed" into the other, such a deformation being called a homotopy (/həˈmɒtəpiː/ hə-MOT-ə-pee; /ˈhoʊmoʊˌtoʊpiː/ HOH-moh-toh-pee) between the two functions. A notable use of homotopy is the definition of homotopy groups and cohomotopy groups, important invariants in algebraic topology.

In practice, there are technical difficulties in using homotopies with certain spaces. Algebraic topologists work with compactly generated spaces, CW complexes, or spectra.
South West African mark
The South West African mark was a temporary currency issued in South West Africa between 1916, after the withdrawal of the German South West African mark, and prior to the introduction of the South African pound in 1918.

A number of notes were denominated in South West African marks and pfennigs, especially by the Swakopmund Bookshop that issued 10-, 25-, and 50-pfennig, and 1-, 2-, and 3-mark notes.

A two-mark Swakopmunder Buchhandlung note issued in 1916

A ten-pfennig Swakopmunder Buchhandlung note issued in 1916

Pfennig
The pfennig (German: [ˈpfɛnɪç] ⓘ; pl. 'pfennigs' or 'pfennige' (listenⓘ); symbol pf or ₰) or penny is a former German coin or note, which was an official currency from the 9th century until the introduction of the euro in 2002. While a valuable coin during the Middle Ages, it lost its value through the years and was the minor coin of the Mark currencies in the German Reich, West Germany and East Germany, and the reunified Germany until the introduction of the euro. Pfennig was also the name of the subunit of the Danzig mark (1922–1923) and the Danzig gulden (1923–1939) in the Free City of Danzig (modern Gdańsk, Poland).
Hernando (horse)
Hernando (8 February 1990 – February 2013) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He established himself as one of the best European colts of his generation in 1993 by winning the Prix Lupin, Prix du Jockey Club and Prix Niel and finishing second in the Irish Derby. As a four-year-old he won the Prix Gontaut-Biron and finished a close second in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. In 1995 he won a second Prix Gontaut-Biron and was placed in both the Turf Classic Invitational and the Japan Cup. After he retired from racing, he became a very successful breeding stallion in England. He died in February 2013.

Grand Prix de Paris
The Grand Prix de Paris (branded as the Cygames Grand Prix de Paris for sponsorship reasons) is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 2,400 metres (about 1½ miles), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.
Winter Hill transmitting station
The Winter Hill transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications site on Winter Hill, at the south eastern boundary of the Borough of Chorley, Lancashire, England, and above Bolton. It is owned and operated by Arqiva.

Borough of Chorley
The Borough of Chorley is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. It is named after the town of Chorley, which is an unparished area. The borough extends to several villages and hamlets including Adlington, Buckshaw Village, Croston, Eccleston, Euxton and Whittle-le-Woods.

The neighbouring districts are West Lancashire, South Ribble, Blackburn with Darwen, Bolton and Wigan.
Oliver Patterson Watts
Oliver Patterson Watts (July 16, 1865 – February 6, 1953) was a professor of chemical engineering and applied electrochemistry at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Born in Thomaston, Maine, Watts received his bachelor's degree from Bowdoin College in 1889. He received his doctoral degree in 1905; he was the first person to be awarded a Ph.D. in chemical engineering at the University of Wisconsin, where he served as a professor until 1935, after which he was an emeritus professor in the university's college of engineering. Watts is known for his development of the hot nickel plating bath known as the "Watts Bath", which he first described in a paper published in 1915.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Nell Murbarger
Nell Murbarger (1909-1991) was an American writer and journalist who was inducted in to the Nevada Writers Hall of Fame. Murbarger is perhaps best known for her many articles in Desert Magazine, where she popularized the hobby of "ghost-towning."

Desert Magazine
Desert Magazine was a monthly regional publication based in the Colorado Desert published between 1937 and 1985. A print version bearing the same name has been revived in the Coachella Valley town of Palm Desert near Palm Springs, California.
Mikko Pesälä
Mikko Pesälä (born 30 November 1938 in Iitti) is a Finnish former politician who served as the Finnish member of the European Parliament. A farmer by trade, he served as a member of the Parliament of Finland for 24 years, from 1975 to 1999, representing the Centre Party. He also served as Minister of Agriculture and Forestry from 1994 to 1995.

In the election in 1999, Pesälä was elected a Member of the European Parliament (MEP), representing Finland and the ELDR. He declined to run for re-election in 2004 and withdrew from political life.

2004 European Parliament election in Finland
The 2004 European Parliament election in Finland was the election of MEP representing Finland constituency for the 2004-2009 term of the European Parliament. It was part of the wider 2004 European election. The vote took place on 13 June. Both the Finnish Social Democratic Party and the Finnish Centre Party improved their vote at the expense of the conservative National Coalition Party and the Greens.
1970 NAIA ice hockey championship
The 1970 NAIA men's ice hockey tournament involved four schools playing in single-elimination bracket to determine the national champion of men's NAIA college ice hockey. The 1970 tournament was the third men's ice hockey tournament to be sponsored by the NAIA.  The tournament began on March 6, 1970, and ended with the championship game on March 7.

Bemidji State, Lake Superior State, and Gustavus Adolphus attended the tournament for the third straight year while Alaska Methodist made the tournament for the first time.  The championship game marked the third straight year that the two ICHA conference rivals Bemidji State College (BSC) and Lake Superior State College (LSSC) met to decide the national title. Bemidji once again defeated Lake Superior State on the Lakers' home ice at Pullar Stadium, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.

College sports
College sports or college athletics encompasses amateur sports played by non-professional, collegiate and university-level student athletes in competitive sports and games. College sports have led to many college rivalries.

College sports trace their roots back to the early 19th century. Originating from public schools in Britain, varsity matches between Oxford University and Cambridge University spread to Harvard University and Yale University, which influenced the development of college sports in the United States, and to college sports in Commonwealth, European, and other countries, such as Japan.
Lummi Island
Lummi Island lies at the southwest corner of Whatcom County, Washington, United States, between the mainland part of the county and offshore San Juan County. The Lummi Indian Reservation is situated on a peninsula east of the island, but it does not include Lummi Island. The island has a land area of 23.97 square kilometres (9.25 square miles) and had a population of 822 as of the 2000 census. The population nearly doubles in summer when second-home owners from  Canada and the U.S. arrive for the summer months.

The island is accessible by a 20-car ferry, the Whatcom Chief, run by Whatcom County Public Works. It is a 6-minute passage from Gooseberry Point on the mainland to the island.

Public education for island residents is provided by the Ferndale School District. It operates one elementary school (K-5) on the island, Beach Elementary School. Middle and high school students must travel to attend schools on the mainland.

San Juan County, Washington
San Juan County is a county in the Salish Sea in the far northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,788. The county seat and only incorporated town is Friday Harbor, on San Juan Island. The county was formed on October 31, 1873, from Whatcom County and is named for the San Juan Islands, which are in turn named for Juan Vicente de Güemes, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo, the Viceroy of New Spain.

Although the islands have no state highways, the ferry routes serving them are designated as part of the state highway system.
GLAAD 20 Under 20
GLAAD 20 Under 20 is an annual list published by the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD), recognizing 20 LGBTQ+ young people under the age of 20 who have made significant contributions to advancing acceptance, visibility, and inclusion of the LGBTQ+ community.

The list celebrates individuals from various fields, including activism, entertainment, advocacy and social media highlighting their efforts to inspire change and promote equality for LGBTQ+ youth.

Advocacy
Advocacy is the set of activities by individuals or groups intended to influence decisions within political, economic, and social institutions. It encompasses tactics ranging from grassroots organizing and media campaigns to lobbying, strategic litigation, and coalition-building, and aims to change laws, budgets, institutional practices, and public opinion. Advocacy can include many activities that a person or organization undertakes, including media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing research. Lobbying (often by lobby groups) is a form of advocacy where a direct approach is made to legislators on a specific issue or specific piece of legislation. Research has started to address how advocacy groups in the United States and Canada are using social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.