hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Badzhgard
Badzhgard or Bashkurd, historically Bashkiria (Bashkir: Башҡортостан/Başqurtustan) is a historical and geographical region in the Urals, the traditional border between Northern Asia and Eastern Europe in modern Russia, inhabited by the Bashkirs. Today, the territory is administratively split between the Republic of Bashkortostan, Orenburg and Chelyabinsk oblasts, parts of the Republic of Tatarstan, the south-eastern part of Udmurtia, the southern part of the Perm Krai, the south-western part of the Sverdlovsk oblast, the western part of the Kurgan, the north-eastern part of Samara, the eastern part of the Saratov regions.

Various other names have been applied to the region throughout its history, including: Bashgurd, Bashgird, Baskardiya, Bashkyrd, Bashdzhard, Pascatir, Bashirdi etc. The reference area titled "Bashgurd" is found in the Fazalallah Rashid ad-Din (14th century), described as an "Oghuz name".

Oghuz languages
The Oghuz languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family, spoken by approximately 108 million people. The three languages with the largest number of speakers are Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen which, combined, account for more than 95% of speakers of this sub-branch.

Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari, who lived in the 11th century, stated that the Oghuz language was the simplest among all Turkic languages.

Swedish turcologist and linguist Lars Johanson notes that Oghuz languages form a clearly discernible and closely related bloc within the Turkic language family as the cultural and political history of the speakers of Oghuz languages has linked them more closely up to the modern age. Western Oghuz languages are highly mutually intelligible with each other and the Crimean Tatar language, which, though Kipchak Turkic rather than Oghuz, has been heavily influenced by Turkish over several centuries.
44th GMA Dove Awards
The 44th Annual GMA Dove Awards presentation ceremony was held on Tuesday, October 15, 2013, at the Allen Arena. It returned to Nashville, Tennessee after being away for two years.  The ceremony recognized the accomplishments of musicians and other figures within the Christian music industry since the previous ceremony in April 2012. The ceremony was produced by the Gospel Music Association and was hosted by singers Kirk Franklin and Amy Grant.  The awards show was broadcast on the UP television network on October 21, 2013.

10,000 Reasons (Bless the Lord)
"10,000 Reasons (Bless the Lord)" is a song by the English worship singer-songwriter Matt Redman from his tenth album of the same name (2011). He wrote it with the Swedish singer Jonas Myrin. The track was subsequently included on a number of compilations, covered by other artists and included as congregational worship music in English or in translation around the world. In 2013, the song won two Grammy Awards for "Best Contemporary Christian Music Song" and "Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance", and the Dove Award for Song of the Year. After the song's success and impact, Redman also published a book: 10,000 Reasons: Stories of Faith, Hope, and Thankfulness Inspired by the Worship Anthem.
2018 Dutch Darts Masters
The 2018 Dutch Darts Masters was the sixth of thirteen PDC European Tour events on the 2018 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at IJsselhallen, Zwolle, Netherlands, between 11–13 May 2018. It featured a field of 48 players and £135,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner.

Michael van Gerwen was the defending four-time consecutive champion after defeating Steve Beaton 6–2 in the 2017 final.

Van Gerwen went on to win the title for the 5th time in a row by defeating Steve Lennon 8–5 in the final, after he was 6–2 down in the semi-finals, before surviving three match darts from Daryl Gurney and winning 7–6 to reach the final.

Daryl Gurney
Daryl Gurney (born 22 March 1986) is a Northern Irish professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number twenty-four; he reached a peak ranking of world number three in 2019. Nicknamed "Superchin", he has won two PDC major singles titles: the 2017 World Grand Prix and the 2018 Players Championship Finals. Gurney also won the PDC World Cup of Darts in 2025, representing Northern Ireland alongside Josh Rock. He has won a total of 6 PDC titles in his professional career.
Varkala Kahar
Varkala Kahar is an Indian politician who was a member of 13th Kerala Legislative Assembly. He belongs to Indian National Congress party and represents Varkala constituency. He was previously elected to Kerala Legislative Assembly in 2001 and 2006. He lost in 2016 to a new Left Democratic Front candidate V. Joy, thus ending a 15-year old stint.

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Edmonds v Lawson
Edmonds v Lawson [2000] EWCA Civ 69 is a UK labour law case regarding the National Minimum Wage Act 1998 and who is/is not included; it also considered whether a pupil barrister provides consideration to his/her master and/or chambers and whether that relationship demonstrated adequate intention. It held that pupil barristers are not included as either "apprentices" (as was held at first instance) or "workers" for the purposes of the Act but they do provide adequate consideration and intention to found a contract with their chambers.

National Minimum Wage Act 1998
The National Minimum Wage Act 1998 (c. 39) creates a minimum wage across the United Kingdom. From 1 April 2025, the minimum wage is £12.21 per hour for people aged 21 and over, £10.00 for people aged 18-20, and £7.55 for people aged under 18 and apprentices aged under 19 or in the first year of their apprenticeship. (See Current and past rates.)

It was a flagship policy of the Labour Party in the UK during their successful 1997 general election campaign. The national minimum wage (NMW) took effect on 1 April 1999. On 1 April 2016, an amendment to the act attempted an obligatory "National Living Wage" for workers over 25 (now extended to workers aged 21 and over), which was implemented at a significantly higher minimum wage rate of £7.20. This was expected to rise to at least £9 per hour by 2020, but in reality by that year it had only reached £8.72 per hour.
José Homem Correia Teles
José Homem Correia Teles (May 10, 1780 – July 3, 1849) was a Portuguese jurist, judge and politician.

He studied canon law in Coimbra from 1795 to 1800 and learned the profession of advocate from his father. From 1803 on, he held judicial posts in the countryside and, in 1821–24, in Lisbon. Besides practicing law in Lisbon, he was a member of the Portuguese parliament several times between 1820 and 1843, and participated in drafting the Portuguese civil code in 1827/28.

The writings of Correia Teles reflect and continue the 18th century's process of legal codification. His principal work of 1826, Digesto portuguez, appearing 1835 in three volumes, presented a homogeneous view of Portuguese law, even though it relied on foreign codes such as the Code Napoléon. His other works include O Manual de Tabelião, Manual de Processo Civil, O Código Civil, O Direito Português and Theoria da Interpretação das Leis e Ensaio sobre o Censo Consignativo.

Codification (law)
In law, codification is the process of collecting and restating the law of a jurisdiction in certain areas, usually by subject, forming a legal code, i.e. a codex (book) of law.

Codification is one of the defining features for most civil law jurisdictions. In common law systems, such as that of English law, codification is the process of converting and consolidating judge-made law or uncodified statutes enacted by the legislature into codified statute law.
The Imperial (Flipmode Squad album)
The Imperial is the only studio album by American hip hop group Flipmode Squad. It was released on September 1, 1998, via Flipmode Entertainment and Violator Management; with distribution via Elektra Records. The recording sessions took place at Soundtrack Studios in New York. The album was produced by DJ Scratch, Busta Rhymes, Da Beatminerz, L.E.S., M.D., Rockwilder, Swizz Beatz, and Tony Touch. It features a guest appearance from Buckshot on "We Got U Opin, Pt. 2".

The album peaked at number 15 on the Billboard 200 and number 3 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States, and at number 85 on the UK Albums Chart. Its single "Cha Cha Cha" made it to No. 61 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and No. 54 on the UK Singles Chart. Music videos were directed for "Everybody on the Line Outside" and "Cha Cha Cha".

DJ Scratch
George Spivey (born June 21, 1968), known professionally as DJ Scratch, is an American hip hop DJ and producer from Brooklyn, New York.

DJ Scratch is the 1988 New Music Seminar Battle For World Supremacy DJ champion, the 2010 Master of the Mix winner and the 2012, 2013 & 2014 Global Spin Awards' "Turntablist of the Year". 19 albums produced by DJ Scratch were certified Gold in United States, seven of them were certified as Platinum.
Clampitt Fire
The Clampitt Fire was a large wildfire that broke out on September 25, 1970, in the Newhall area of the Santa Clarita Valley. It was the biggest wildfire in Los Angeles County history up to that point, burning 107,103 acres (43,343 ha), along with an additional 27,295 acres (11,046 ha) when it merged with the Wright Fire, a record that would stand until the Station Fire surpassed it in 2009. In total, 489 structures would be destroyed by both fires. The fire would be part of a Southern California firestorm that began in September 1970, along with the Wright Fire in Malibu and the Laguna Fire in San Diego County. The region saw 600,000 acres (240,000 ha) burned by the end of 1970.

Newhall, Santa Clarita, California
Newhall  is the southernmost and oldest community in the city of Santa Clarita, California.  Prior to the 1987 consolidation of Canyon Country, Saugus, Newhall, and Valencia into the city of Santa Clarita, it was an unincorporated area.  It was the first permanent town in the Santa Clarita Valley.
Kazafani
Kazafani or Kazaphani (Greek: Καζάφανι, Turkish: Kazafana or Ozanköy) is a village in the Kyrenia District of Cyprus. It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus. It was traditionally agricultural village, originally based around the feudal estate of Casal Pifani (alternatively spelled Pifane, Piphani or Epiphani). This is referenced in the Histoire de l'Île de Chypre by Louis de Mas Latrie on page 510. It is one of the mountain villages that the former Latin inhabitants of Kyrenia Castle were forced into following the Ottoman Conquest of the island, many of their descendants now populating the village. The Monastery of Bellapais has been referred to as the Monastery of Cozzafani (another name of the village), a link that started during the 3rd Crusade. The route that the Crusaders would walk still holds the name 'Crusader Path' today. The origins of the feudal estate (Casal) are from the settling Latin crusaders.

Kyrenia Castle
Kyrenia Castle (Greek: Κάστρο της Κερύνειας Turkish: Girne Kalesi) is a 16th-century castle in the north of Cyprus, built by the Venetians over a previous Crusader fortification. Within its walls is a twelfth-century chapel showing reused late Roman capitals, and the Shipwreck Museum.
Adjouan
Adjouan is a town in south-eastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Aboisso Department in Sud-Comoé Region, Comoé District.

Adjouan was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Adjouan was 25,088.

Sud-Comoé
Sud-Comoé Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since 2011, it has been one of two regions in Comoé District. The region's seat is Aboisso. The region's area is 7,240 km2, and its population in the 2021 census was 784,893.
Cinetheodolite
A cinetheodolite or kinetheodolite is a photographic instrument for collection of trajectory data. It can be used to acquire data in the testing of missiles, rockets, projectiles, aircraft, and fire control systems; in the ripple firing of rockets, graze action tests, air burst fuze tests, and similar operations. Cinetheodolites provide angular measurements of the line of sight to the vehicle. This permits acquiring accurate position data. Together with timing systems, velocity and acceleration data can be developed from the position measurements. Cinetheodolites can serve as primary sources of position and velocity data to about 30 km slant range.

These instruments were developed from theodolites by the addition of a movie camera, adding the ability to track a vehicle in flight and so obtain continuous trajectory data.

Projectile
A projectile is an object that is propelled by the application of an external force and then moves freely under the influence of gravity and air resistance. Although any objects in motion through space are projectiles, they are commonly found in warfare and sports (for example, a thrown baseball, kicked football, fired bullet, shot arrow, a ball from a cannon, stone released from catapult).

In ballistics, mathematical equations of motion are used to analyze projectile trajectories through launch, flight, and impact.
Hrynkivtsi
Hrynkivtsi (Ukrainian: Гриньківці) is a village in Velyki Dederkaly rural hromada, Kremenets Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. After the liquidation of the Shumsk Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Shumsk Raion
Shumsk Raion (Ukrainian: Шумський район) was a former raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Shumsk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Shumsk Raion was merged into Kremenets Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 32,625 (2020 est.).

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Shumsk urban hromada with the administration in Shumsk;

Velyki Dederkaly rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Velyki Dederkaly.
Maqluba (Malta)
Il-Maqluba (meaning overturned  or upside-down in Maltese) is a sinkhole with a surface area of around 4,765 square metres (51,290 sq ft) situated in the village of Qrendi in Malta. Il-Maqluba is a Special Area of Conservation – Candidate Site of International Importance and designated as a Tree Protection Area, forming part of Natura 2000 sites, a network of nature protection areas within the European Union, also earning the European Destination of Excellence title bestowed onto the locality by the European Union's Commission for Tourism.

Visitors are forbidden to venture down to the bottom-most level of the sinkhole, but can admire the sinkhole from a viewing belvedere midway into the Maqluba.

Blue rock thrush
The blue rock thrush (Monticola solitarius) is a species of chat. This thrush-like Old World flycatcher was formerly placed in the family Turdidae. It breeds in southern Europe, northwest Africa, and from Central Asia to northern China and Malaysia. The blue rock thrush is the official national bird of Malta.
Atalanta (opera)
Atalanta (HWV 35) is a pastoral opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel composed in 1736. It is based upon the mythological female athlete, Atalanta, the libretto (which is in Italian) being derived from the book La Caccia in Etolia by Belisario Valeriani. The identity of the librettist is not known.

Handel composed it for the London celebrations of the marriage in 1736 of Frederick, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King George II, to Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. The first performance took place on 12 May 1736 in the Covent Garden Theatre. It closed with a spectacular display of fireworks, which was highly popular with the royal family and the London audience, and the opera and fireworks display were revived a number of times in the year of its first performance.

An arioso from the opera, "Care selve", is often heard in recital and on recordings.

Arioso
In classical music, arioso ([aˈrjoːzo]; also aria parlante [ˈaːrja parˈlante]) is a category of solo vocal piece, usually occurring in an opera or oratorio, falling somewhere between recitative and aria in style. Literally, arioso means airy. The term arose in the 16th century along with the aforementioned styles and monody. It is commonly confused with recitativo accompagnato.

Arioso is similar to recitative due to its unrestrained structure and inflexions, close to those of speech. It differs, however, in its rhythm. Arioso is similar to aria in its melodic form, both being closer to singing than recitative; however, they differ in form, arioso generally not resorting to the process of repetition.
Galois geometry
Galois geometry (named after the 19th-century French mathematician Évariste Galois) is the branch of finite geometry that is concerned with algebraic and analytic geometry over a finite field (or Galois field). More narrowly, a Galois geometry may be defined as a projective space over a finite field.

Objects of study include affine and projective spaces over finite fields and various structures that are contained in them. In particular, arcs, ovals, hyperovals, unitals, blocking sets, ovoids, caps, spreads and all finite analogues of structures found in non-finite geometries. Vector spaces defined over finite fields play a significant role, especially in construction methods.

Arc (projective geometry)
A (simple) arc in finite projective geometry is a set of points which satisfies, in an intuitive way, a feature of curved figures in continuous geometries. Loosely speaking, they are sets of points that are far from "line-like" in a plane or far from "plane-like" in a three-dimensional space. In this finite setting it is typical to include the number of points in the set in the name, so these simple arcs are called k-arcs. An important generalization of k-arcs, also referred to as arcs in the literature, is the (k, d)-arcs.
Boiro
Boiro is a municipality in the province of A Coruña in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. It is located in the comarca of Barbanza. Boiro has an area of 86.58 km2.

Boiro was where the controversial assisted suicide of quadriplegic Ramón Sampedro took place. The town was later used as a setting for the 2004 film Mar Adentro, chronicling Sampedro's later life.

Boiro is also well known for local tourists that come from inner Spain to enjoy the milder climate and landscape, most notably the Barbanza mountain chain, Praia de Barraña (which lies close to the town center), and Carragueiros and Mañóns beaches (one in O Castro parish and the other in Abanqueiro parish).

The Sea Inside
The Sea Inside (Spanish: Mar adentro) is a 2004 psychological drama film co-written and directed by Alejandro Amenábar, who also co-produced, scored and edited. It is based on the real-life story of Ramón Sampedro (played by Javier Bardem), who was left quadriplegic after a diving accident, and his 28-year campaign in support of euthanasia and the right to end his life. The film won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and won the Grand Jury Prize at the 61st Venice International Film Festival.
Exodus (soundtrack)
Exodus is a soundtrack album by Ernest Gold with the Sinfonia of London from the 1960 film Exodus directed by Otto Preminger.

The main theme from the film ("Theme of Exodus") has been widely remixed and covered by many artists. The most popular version was an instrumental by Ferrante and Teicher, which reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1960.  It was kept of out the number one spot by Wonderland by Night by Bert Kaempfert.  This version became a gold record.

Sinfonia of London
Sinfonia of London is a symphony orchestra based in London, England, conducted by John Wilson.

The present orchestra, re-established by Wilson in 2018, is the third of three distinct ensembles to bear this name. Building on Sinfonia of London's significance historically as a recording orchestra, the present ensemble released 17 albums within the first five years of its re-establishment, many of which were recipients of industry awards.

In 2021, the orchestra made its live debut at the BBC Proms, and has returned every year since, as well as performing live tours across the United Kingdom.

In its current incarnation, Sinfonia of London consists of top-tier musicians, including principals and leaders from various UK and international orchestras, distinguished soloists, and members of notable chamber groups. This has led to the ensemble being frequently described as a “supergroup” or “super-orchestra” by UK classical music journalists.
Hunted Men
Hunted Men is a 1938 American drama film directed by Louis King and written by William R. Lipman and Horace McCoy. The film stars Lloyd Nolan, Mary Carlisle, Lynne Overman, J. Carrol Naish, Delmar Watson and Buster Crabbe. The film was released on May 27, 1938, by Paramount Pictures.

Horace McCoy
Horace Stanley McCoy (April 14, 1897 – December 15, 1955) was an American writer whose mostly hardboiled stories took place during the Great Depression.  His best-known novel is They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1935), which was made into a movie of the same name in 1969, fourteen years after McCoy's death.
Artésien-class ship of the line
The Artésien class was a type of 64-gun ships of the line of the French Navy. A highly detailed and accurate model of Artésien, lead ship of the class, was part of the Trianon model collection and is now on display at Paris naval museum.

Musée national de la Marine
The Musée national de la Marine (French pronunciation: [myze nɑsjɔnal də la maʁin]; "National Navy Museum") is a maritime museum located in the Palais de Chaillot, Trocadéro, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.  It has annexes at Brest, Port-Louis, Rochefort (Musée National de la Marine de Rochefort), and Toulon.  The permanent collection originates in a collection that dates back to Louis XV of France.
Fredrik Haga
Fredrik Haga (born 1962) is a Finnish football executive, football manager and a former player who played as a midfielder, at was latest working as of 2025 as a sporting director of FF Jaro in Veikkausliiga.

He was the CEO and the club director of his hometown club Jaro, the club which he also represented as a player, having left his position previously in October 2022. Haga represented Jaro, FinnPa and Helsingin Palloseura during his playing career and later transitioned into management roles, including working for clubs like HIFK and Honka. He has extensive experience in Finnish football, both on and off the field, having both managed and directed several teams over the years

Helsingin Palloseura
Helsingin Palloseura (HPS) (English: Helsinki Ball Game Club) is a sports club from Helsinki, Finland established in 1917. HPS has been active in several sports including bandy, ice hockey, football, handball and basketball.

Historically, HPS men's team is one of the most successful football teams in Finland, winning nine national championships during the 1920s and 1930s. The team is currently playing in the fourth highest league, however. In bandy, the club was the runner-up for the Finnish championship in 1920.

Famous HPS footballers have included William Kanerva, Aulis Koponen, Max Viinioksa, Kai Pahlman, Jyrki Heliskoski and Pertti Alaja.