hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lębork Castle
Lębork Castle - a castle built by the Teutonic Order located in Lębork, Pomeranian Voivodeship. The building is found on the river Łeba.

The castle was built by the Teutonic Order in the fourteenth-century, in the Gothic architectural style shaped as a rectangle without a courtyard. The castle was the capital of the Teutonic vogts. In 1410, the castle came to be in the hands of Władysław II Jagiełło. During the Thirteen Years' War the castle was part of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, and after the Second Peace of Thorn was given as a fief to the Duke of Pomerania Eric II. In 1637, after the end of the duchy's dynasty, the castle was transferred back to Poland. From 157, the castle was under German rule. Frequently reconstructed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Presently, the castle houses the court house of Lębork.

Second Peace of Thorn (1466)
The Peace of Thorn or Toruń of 1466, also known as the Second Peace of Thorn or Toruń (Polish: drugi pokój toruński; German: Zweiter Friede von Thorn), was a peace treaty signed in the Hanseatic city of Thorn (Toruń) on 19 October 1466 between the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon and the Teutonic Knights, which ended the Thirteen Years' War, the longest of the Polish–Teutonic Wars.

The treaty was signed in the Artus Court, and afterward a mass was held in the Gothic Franciscan Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary to celebrate the peace treaty.
Quijano
Quijano is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anibal Quijano (1930–2018), Peruvian sociologist and humanist thinker

Annette Quijano (born 1962), American Democratic Party politician

Carlos Quijano (1900–1984), Uruguayan lawyer, politician, essayist and journalist

Diana Quijano (born 1962), Peruvian actress

Douglas Quijano (1944–2009), talent manager

Elaine Quijano (born 1974), American journalist

Fernando Quijano (1805–1871), Uruguayan songwriter

Gedeon G. Quijano (1910–1989), American physician, lawyer, engineer and writer

Hortensio Quijano (1884–1952), Vice President of Argentina, 1946–52

Marvin Quijano (born 1979), Salvadoran football player

Carlos Quijano
Carlos Quijano (Montevideo, 21 March 1900 - Mexico, 10 June 1984) was a Uruguayan lawyer, politician, essayist and journalist.

He is especially remembered as the founder of the weekly newspaper Marcha.
Grandpa Indian
Grandpa Indian (Portuguese: Vovô Índio) is a character conceived in the 1930s with the intention of replacing Santa Claus in Brazil. His aim was to inflate patriotic sentiments among the Brazilian population. The dissemination of the character in the 1930s took place through the Integralist press, whose movement was rooted in Brazilian nationalism with fascist undertones. According to a chronicle in the 1934 Christmas edition of Correio da Manhã, Santa Claus would be deemed a "ridiculous figure" and out of place in a "land of warmth and intense sunlight", where "this chilly and stern old man was becoming impertinent".

Depicted as an elderly gentleman who is "very friendly to the trees", adorned in "feathers of all the colors of the birds", who generously bestows gifts upon Brazilian children, Grandpa Indian faced criticism and mockery upon his debut, and by 1938 he had virtually disappeared.

O Malho
O Malho (Portuguese: The Mallet) was a Brazilian weekly satirical magazine published from 1902 to 1954. It was based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was the first commercially successful Brazilian satirical magazine during the Republican regime.
Massmart
Massmart Holdings Limited is a South African company that owns and operates major local retail chains including Game, Makro, Builders Warehouse, and CBW. It is the second-largest distributor of consumer goods in Africa, the largest retailer of general merchandise, liquor and home improvement equipment and wholesaler of basic foods.

As of 31 October 2022, Massmart operated 411 stores in South Africa and 12 other Sub-Saharan countries. Its head offices are in the Massmart House in Sunninghill, Johannesburg.

The company has been owned by Bentonville, Arkansas-based retailer Walmart since 2011.

Wholesaling
Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services. In general, it is the sale of goods in bulk to anyone, either a person or an organization, other than the end consumer of that merchandise. Wholesaling involves purchasing goods in bulk, usually directly from the manufacturer or source, at a discounted rate. Retailers then sell these goods to end consumers at a higher price, generating a profit.

Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products. However, with the advent of the internet and e-procurement there is an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. The profit margins of wholesalers depend largely on their ability to achieve market competitive transaction costs.
Farmers Loop, Alaska
Farmers Loop is a census-designated place in Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, United States. One of several CDPs created out of various Fairbanks suburbs and outskirts during the 2010 census, at which time it had a population of 4,853. The CDP is located north of Fairbanks and is centered on and named for Farmers Loop Road, a road that runs along the foothills north of Fairbanks between the Steese Highway and the northeastern corner of the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Farmers Loop CDP has a total area of 21.90 square miles (56.71 km2), of which 21.87 square miles (56.65 km2) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.06 km2), or 0.10%, is water.

Steese Highway
The Steese Highway (known as the Steese Expressway within Fairbanks) is a highway in the Interior region of the U.S. state of Alaska that extends 161 miles (259 km) from Fairbanks to Circle, a town on the Yukon River about 50 miles (80 km) south of the Arctic Circle.  The highway was completed in 1927 and is named for U.S. Army General James G. Steese, a former president of the Alaska Road Commission. It is paved for about the first 81 miles (130 km) and around the town of Central it turns to dirt and gravel.  Much of it is narrow and winding.
Counterstimulation
Counterstimulation is a treatment for pain based on distraction.

A basic example is the practice of rubbing a fresh bruise, so that attention is paid to the sense of touch and pressure, rather than to the pain of the injury. Liniment and "medicated" products containing menthol work in the same way, producing sensations such as heat or cold or strong odors.

Counterstimulation can also be applied to a remote part of the body.

Pain control can also be achieved by the use of electronic media, such as television or virtual reality.

Menthol
Menthol is a monoterpenoid organic compound that occurs naturally in the oils of certain plants in the mint family, such as corn mint and peppermint. It is a white or clear waxy crystalline substance that is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (−)-menthol, which is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration.

For many people, menthol produces a cooling sensation when inhaled, eaten, or applied to the skin, and mint plants have been used for centuries for topical pain relief and as a food flavoring. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation.

Menthol has been demonstrated to cause a subjective nasal decongestant effect without any objective decongestant action, and administration of menthol via a nasal inhaler in humans has also been shown to cause nasal decongestion.
Kfar Abida
Kfar Abida Fad'aous  (Arabicفدعوس كفرعبيدا), sometimes spelled Kfar Aabida Faddous or Kfaraabida Fadd'ous,  is a village located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Batroun in the Batroun District of the North Governorate in Lebanon.

North Governorate
North Governorate (Arabic: الشمال, Aš Šamāl) is one of the governorates of Lebanon and one of the two governorates of North Lebanon. Its capital is Tripoli. Ramzi Nohra was the governor from May 2, 2014 until May 14, 2025 when the Ministry of Interior dismissed him.  The population of North Governorate is 731,251.
Archibald Harley
Archibald Harley (October 10, 1824 – May 19, 1904) was a farmer and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Oxford South in the House of Commons of Canada from 1882 to 1887 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Newcastle, New Brunswick, the son of William Harley, a land surveyor, and was educated in Hamilton, Ontario. In 1847, he married Elizabeth Stewart. For a time, he was involved in the lumber business in Ancaster with his brother-in-law James F. Wilson. Harley served as a member of the council for Burford Township, also serving as deputy reeve and reeve for the township and warden for Brant County.

Oxford South (federal electoral district)
Oxford South was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935. It was located in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act 1867.

In 1882, the South Riding of the county of Oxford consisted of the town of Ingersoll, the village of Norwich, and the townships of Oxford East, Oxford West, Oxford North, Norwich North, Norwich South, Burford and Oakland.

In 1903, the riding was redefined to include the township of Dereham and the town of Tilsonburg, and to exclude the townships of Burford and Oakland.

In 1924, Oxford South was defined to consist of the part of the county of Oxford lying south of and including the townships of Oxford North and Oxford West, south of and excluding the city of Woodstock, and south of and including the township of Oxford East.

The electoral district was abolished in 1933 when it was merged into Oxford riding.
Abdiqadir Abdillahi
Abdiqadir Abdillahi (Somali: Suldaan Cabdiqaadir Suldaan Cabdillaahi, Arabic: عبدالقادر بن عبدالله) was the seventh Grand Sultan of the Isaaq Sultanate. He ruled from 1969 to 1975, when he died. He was succeeded by his son, Mahamed Abdiqadir.

Isaaq Sultanate
The Isaaq Sultanate (Somali: Saldanadda Isaaq, Wadaad: سَلْدَنَدْدَ إساقْ, Arabic: السلطنة الإسحاقية) was a Muslim sultanate that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa in the 18th and 19th centuries. The kingdom spanned the territories of the Isaaq clan in modern-day Somaliland and Ethiopia. It was governed by the Rer Guled Eidagale branch of the Garhajis clan and is the pre-colonial predecessor to the Republic of Somaliland.
Iceland at the 2018 European Athletics Championships
Iceland competed at the 2018 European Athletics Championships in Berlin, Germany, from 6–12 August 2018. A delegation of 4 athletes were sent to represent the country.

The following athletes were selected to compete by the Icelandic Athletic Federation.

Men

Field events

Women

Track and road

Field events

2018 European Athletics Championships
The 2018 European Athletics Championships were held in Berlin, Germany, from 6 to 12 August 2018. The championships were part of the first European Championships with other events happening in the United Kingdom.

For the second Championships in a row, the Russian team did not participate; this was due to the suspension of the All-Russia Athletic Federation by the International Association of Athletics Federations. However, several athletes were cleared by the IAAF to compete as Authorised Neutral Athletes under the flag of the European Athletic Association. Mariya Lasitskene became the first such athlete to win a gold medal, in the women's high jump.
Thomas Elder (lawyer)
Thomas Elder (January 30, 1767 – April 29, 1853) was a Pennsylvania lawyer and Harrisburg businessman.  He served one term as state Attorney General.

His residence after 1835 was the former mansion of the Harris family.  It is currently known as the Simon Cameron House and is a National Historic Landmark.

John Harris Jr. (settler)
John Harris Jr. (October 22, 1727 – July 29, 1791), was an American frontiersman and politician who operated a ferry along the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and was later instrumental in the founding and growth of the city and support of the State through wartime. Harris was the son of John Harris Sr., who is considered the first settler to establish a trading post along the Susquehanna River at what would later become the state capital of Pennsylvania. Harris Jr. served in the Pennsylvania Assembly from 1776 to 1782.
Subfields of archaeology
Archaeological subfields are typically characterised by a focus on a specific method, type of material, geographical, chronological, or other thematic categories. Among academic disciplines, archaeology, in particular, often can be found in cross-disciplinary research due to the inherent multidisciplinary and geographical nature of the field in general. The lived human experience is vast and varied and reconstructing those lifeways and their consequences requires problem solving from numerous angles. In general, archaeologists work backwards with their research, starting with what is already known.

Classical archaeology
Classical archaeology is the archaeological investigation of the Mediterranean civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Nineteenth-century archaeologists such as Heinrich Schliemann were drawn to study the societies they had read about in Latin and Greek texts. Many universities and foreign nations maintain excavation programs and schools in the area – such is the enduring appeal of the region's archaeology.
Novokare
Novokare (Russian: Новокаре; Kumyk: Беш-юрт, Beş-yurt) is a rural locality (a selo) in Babayurtovsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,393 as of 2010. There are 23 streets. It was founded in 1954.

Kumyk language
Kumyk (къумукъ тил, qumuq til, قوموق تیل) is a Turkic language spoken by about 520,000 people, mainly by the Kumyks, in the Dagestan, North Ossetia and Chechen republics of the Russian Federation. Until the 20th century Kumyk was the lingua franca of the Northern Caucasus.
Chichibu Railway Class DeKi 300
The Chichibu Railway Class DeKi 300 (秩父鉄道デキ300形) is a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement DC electric locomotive type operated by the private railway operator Chichibu Railway in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, primarily on freight services, since 1967.

As of 1 April 2016, all of the original three locomotives are in operation.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Gradešnica
Gradešnica (Macedonian: Градешница) is a village in the Municipality of Novaci of North Macedonia, located in the northwestern foothills of the Voras Mountains. It used to be part of the former municipality of Staravina.

Voras Mountains
The Voras Mountains (Greek: Όρος Βόρας; also Boras), also known as Nidže (Macedonian: Ниџеⓘ, Turkish: Nice Dağı) are a mountain range situated on the border between Greece and North Macedonia. It separates the Pella regional unit on the Greek side in the south from the Mariovo region on the North Macedonia side in the north. The tallest peak in the range is Kaimakchalan at 2,524 m (8,281 ft). Adjacent peaks are Starkov grob (1,876 m) and Dobro Pole (1,700 m).

The mountain range hosts a ski resort and the hot springs at Loutra Loutrakiou (Pozar) on the Greek side.

The mountain can be reached from the town of Bitola and nearby villages on the North Macedonia side.
José Medina (philosopher)
José Medina is Walter Hill Scott professor of Philosophy at Northwestern University.  He is a member of the American Philosophical Association, the British Wittgenstein Society, the North American Wittgenstein Society, the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy (SPEP), the Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology, and the Tennessee Philosophical Association.

Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy
The Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy (SPEP) is a philosophical society whose initial purpose was to promote the study of phenomenology and existentialism but has since expanded to a wide array of contemporary philosophical pursuits, including critical theory, feminist philosophy, poststructuralism, critical race theory, and increasingly non-Eurocentric philosophies. SPEP was created in 1962 by American philosophers who were interested in Continental philosophy and were dissatisfied with the analytic dominance of the American Philosophical Association.  It has since emerged as the second most important philosophical society in the United States. Antonio Calcagno and Shannon Mussett are the current Executive Co-Directors of SPEP.
Shishihō Yoshimasa
Shishihō Yoshimasa (born Osamu Tanaka; August 14, 1955 – October 7, 2006) was a sumo wrestler from Moriyama, Nagasaki, Japan. He made his professional debut in January 1971, and became the first sekitori from Taiho stable when he reached the juryo division in July 1977. He reached the top division in September 1979. His highest rank was maegashira 2. His favourite techniques were migi-yotsu and uwatenage. Upon retirement in May 1987 he was hired by the Sumo Association as a wakaimonogashira.  He left the sumo world in July 1991. He died of cancer in 2006.

Professional sumo divisions
Professional sumo as administered by the Japanese Sumo Association is divided into six ranked divisions. Wrestlers are promoted and demoted within and between these divisions based on the merit of their win–loss records in official tournaments. For more information, see kachi-koshi and make-koshi. Wrestlers are also ranked within each division. The higher a wrestler's rank within a division is, the general level of opponents he will have to face becomes stronger. According to tradition, each rank is further subdivided into East and West, with East being slightly more prestigious, and ranked slightly higher than its West counterpart. The divisions, ranked in order of hierarchy from highest to lowest, are as follows:
Vinciguerria poweriae
Vinciguerria poweriae (also known as Power's deep-water bristle-mouth fish) is a species of lightfish belonging to the genus Vinciguerria. They are mostly found in seawater 300–600 metres (1,000–2,000 ft) deep during the day and 50–350 metres (160–1,150 ft) deep at night. They feed on small crustaceans.

Phosichthyidae
Lightfishes are small stomiiform fishes in the family Phosichthyidae They are bioluminescent fishes, possessing rows of photophores along their sides, with which they hunt planktonic invertebrates, especially krill, copepods, and planktonic amphipods.

In the past, a number of morphologically similar genera were classified in this family. However, a 2025 phylogenetic study found the latter family to be paraphyletic as previously described, comprising a number of distantly related genera from across the Stomiiformes. Due to this, the family was redefined as containing just three species in two genera.

The following genera are placed in this family:

Phosichthys Hutton, 1872

Woodsia Grey, 1959

The earliest fossils of lightfishes are of the genus †Solterichthys Calzoni, Giusberti & Carnevale, 2025 from the Early Eocene of Italy.

They are very small fishes found in oceans throughout the world: most species grow no longer than 10 cm.
Up on the Roof (musical)
Up on the Roof is a musical by Simon Moore and Jane Prowse, which follows a decade in the lives of five friends who form an a cappella singing group at university.

The show was first staged in 1987 in London and starred Mark McGann and Gary Olsen, and it was nominated for an Olivier Award for Best Musical and McGann and Olsen were nominated for best actor in a musical. It was revived at the Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch in May and June 2006.

The show was made into a 1997 UK TV film starring Adrian Lester and directed by Simon Moore. The film was broadcast on ITV on October 31, 1997. Time Out gave the TV film a negative rating.

1997 in film
The year 1997 in film involved many significant films, including Titanic, The Full Monty, Gattaca, Donnie Brasco, Good Will Hunting, Boogie Nights, L.A. Confidential, The Fifth Element, Nil by Mouth, and the beginning of the film studio DreamWorks.
SPIN South West
SPIN South West is radio station broadcasting from Raheen in Limerick city to the South West of Ireland. It launched on 23 July 2007, and holds an Independent Regional Radio contract from the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland to broadcast to County Kerry, County Limerick, County Clare, County Tipperary and south-west County Laois.

County Laois
County Laois (/liːʃ/ LEESH; Irish: Contae Laoise) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and in the province of Leinster. It was known as Queen's County from 1556 to 1922. The modern county takes its name from Loígis, a medieval kingdom. Historically, it has also been known as County Leix.

Laois County Council is the local authority for the county, and is based in Portlaoise.

At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 91,657, an increase of 56% since the 2002 census.
Camp Lehman
Camp Lehman was a minimum security prison camp operated by the Michigan Department of Corrections Correctional Facilities Administration (CFA), 10 miles (16 km) north of Grayling located in Crawford County, Michigan; under the administrative control of the Pugsley Correctional Facility in Kingsley, Michigan.

Camp Lehman sat on 19 acres (77,000 m2) of land donated by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and housed 582 adult male prisoners. The camp had prisoner public works and gate pass assignments.

Grayling, Michigan
Grayling (/ˈɡreɪlɪŋ/ GRAY-ling) is a city in and the county seat of Crawford County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the only incorporated community in Crawford County. As of the 2020 census, Grayling had a population of 1,867. The city is surrounded by Grayling Charter Township, but the two are administered autonomously.

The city is located in the middle of the Northern Michigan region at the junctions of Interstate 75, U.S. Route 127, M-72, and M-93.  Grayling is well known for hosting the Au Sable River Canoe Marathon in July of every year since 1947. The city is named after the grayling species of fish once abundant in the Au Sable River, although the species has been extirpated in Michigan since 1936. There have been many attempts to bring grayling back to the area but none have been successful.