hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Balgowan, KwaZulu-Natal
Balgowan is a valley in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands in South Africa.

The town of Balgowan is not much more than an old trading store and a train station where locally grown timber is picked up. However, nearby is Michaelhouse, the Anglican boarding school for boys in the Diocese of Natal, an exclusive private boarding school. The school complex, built in the English gothic style from red Pietermaritzburg brick, includes a chapel which is open to the public, featuring a stained glass rose window by Ervin Bossanyi and seven lancet windows by Margaret Agnes Rope.

As elsewhere in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, Balgowan has some wealthy farmers, mostly in the timber production industry (pine and eucalyptus) or in dairy and cattle farming. Popular niche soft drinks manufacturer Frankie's Soft Drinks Company is located in the town.

The Midlands Meander, a scenic tourist route featuring arts and crafts, restaurants and accommodation, runs through Balgowan on the R103 road.

Pietermaritzburg
Pietermaritzburg (/ˌpiːtərˈmærɪtsbɜːrɡ/; Zulu: uMgungundlovu) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality.

The town was named in Zulu, after King Dingane's royal homestead uMgungundlovu. Pietermaritzburg is popularly called Maritzburg and is often informally abbreviated to PMB. It is a regionally important industrial hub, producing aluminium, timber and dairy products, and is the main economic hub of uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The public sector is a major employer in the city due to local, district and provincial government offices located here.

The city has many schools and tertiary education institutions, including a campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Seeking the Way: The Greatest Hits
Seeking the Way: The Greatest Hits is a Shadows Fall greatest hits collection, covering songs the band released through their previous label Century Media. The songs are taken from the following releases:

Second LP Of One Blood (2000)

Japanese EP Deadworld (2001)

Third LP The Art of Balance (2002)

Fourth LP The War Within (2004)

Compilation Fallout from the War (2006)

The first three songs are taken from the band's 2000 release Of One Blood. They have been completely remixed and remastered. The next two tracks (4 and 5) are taken from the band's 2001 Japanese EP Deadworld (despite both songs appearing on later releases). These two tracks have also been remixed and remastered.

Album title is taken from the lyric of the song, "Thoughts Without Words".

Century Media Records
Century Media Records is a German heavy metal record label with offices in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.
Trans-Val-de-Marne
The Trans-Val-de-Marne, often abbreviated as Tvm, is a bus rapid transit (BRT) line operated by the RATP Group as part of the RATP bus network in the Paris metropolitan area. The line entered service on 1 October 1993, running almost entirely in a dedicated lane. The line facilitates travel from suburb to suburb within the Val-de-Marne department in the Île-de-France region. It replaced the former RATP line 392, which since 1969 had linked Saint-Maur–Créteil station and Rungis.

The Tvm connects Saint-Maur–Créteil to La Croix de Berny, serving thirty-two stations over nearly twenty kilometres (12 mi). It has a special status since although it is a bus line, it is already administratively included by the RATP in the "T mode," alongside the tram lines.

It is the busiest bus line in Europe, with 23 million passengers in 2019.

Val-de-Marne
Val-de-Marne (French pronunciation: [val də maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Marne') is a department of France located in the Île-de-France region. Named after the river Marne, it is situated in the Grand Paris metropolis to the southeast of Paris’ city centre. In 2019, Val-de-Marne had a population of 1,407,124.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 94.
Roy Gerson
Roy N. Gerson (June 7, 1959 – December 2, 2023) was an American jazz pianist. He appeared in the movies The Cotton Club, Crimes and Misdemeanors, and The Mirror Has Two Faces and The Associate.

Gerson released That Gerson Person in 1991 and Gerson Swings Disney in 2001.

Gerson's song "If I Had You" appeared in the 1999 film Eyes Wide Shut. Gerson was also involved in the production of the soundtrack for the film.

Gerson and his band the Roy Gerson Swingtet performed live in jazz clubs in Manhattan, New York during the 1990s at venues such as the Village Gate, Blue Note, Tavern on the Green, and played for two years at Zanzibar.

Roy Gerson died on December 2, 2023, at the age of 64.

The Mirror Has Two Faces
The Mirror Has Two Faces is a 1996 American romantic comedy-drama film produced and directed by Barbra Streisand, who also stars. The screenplay by Richard LaGravenese is loosely based on the 1958 French film Le Miroir à deux faces written by French filmmakers André Cayatte and Gérard Oury. In addition to Streisand, the film's cast includes Jeff Bridges, Pierce Brosnan, George Segal, Mimi Rogers, Brenda Vaccaro, and Lauren Bacall.

The plot follows a shy, middle-aged professor (Bridges) who pursues a platonic relationship with an unlucky-in-love colleague (Streisand).

The film was released in the United States by TriStar Pictures (through Sony Pictures Releasing) on November 15, 1996, and grossed $82 million. Streisand, Marvin Hamlisch, Robert John "Mutt" Lange, and Bryan Adams composed the film's theme song "I Finally Found Someone", a duet performed by Streisand and Adams.
Baccus
Baccus may be either a given name or surname shared by several notable people, among them being:

Gabriel Baccus Matthews (1948–2007), Liberian politician

Kearyn Baccus (born 1991), Australian footballer

Keanu Baccus (born 1998), Australian footballer

Rick Baccus (born 1952), United States Army general

Steven Baccus (born 1977), Seychellois Olympic weightlifter

Whitey Baccus (1911–1968), American basketball player and coach

Baccus (born 1990), French DJ

Gabriel Baccus Matthews
Gabriel Bacchus Matthews (1948 – September 7, 2007) was a Liberian politician. He is considered one of the leaders in developing a multi-party system in Liberia, long dominated by the True Whig Party. He founded the Progressive Alliance of Liberia (PAL) in 1975, the first active opposition party since the demise of the Republican Party in the 1870s.

It was succeeded by the Progressive People Party (PPP) and later the United People's Party. Matthews twice served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Liberia, under Samuel K. Doe (1980–1981) and later under Amos Sawyer (1990–93).
Adelpha cocala
Adelpha cocala, the cocala sister or orange-washed sister, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Pieter Cramer in 1779. It is found from Honduras to Panama, Guatemala, Venezuela, Colombia, Suriname, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil.

The wingspan is about 50 mm.

The larvae feed on Pentagonia, Psychotria, Calycophyllum, Chomelia, Uncaria and Genipa species.

Psychotria
Psychotria is a large genus of flowering plants in the coffee family Rubiaceae, with over 1,600 species. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understorey trees in tropical forests. Some species are endangered or facing extinction due to deforestation, especially species of central Africa and the Pacific.

Many species, including Psychotria viridis, produce the psychedelic chemical dimethyltryptamine (DMT).
Margaret Waters
Margaret Waters (1835–1870), otherwise known as Willis, was an English murderer hanged by executioner William Calcraft on 11 October 1870 at Horsemonger Lane Gaol (also known as Surrey County Gaol) in London.

Waters was born in 1835 and lived in Brixton. She was known for baby farming, the practice of taking in other women's children for money, which often resulted in infanticide.

Waters drugged and starved the infants in her care and is believed to have killed at least 19 children. Charged with five counts of wilful murder as well as neglect and conspiracy, Waters was convicted of murdering an infant named John Walter Cowen. Her sister, Sarah Ellis, was convicted in the same case for obtaining money under false pretences and sentenced to eighteen months' hard labour.

Brixton
Brixton is an area of South London, part of the London Borough of Lambeth, England. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Brixton experienced a rapid rise in population during the 19th century as communications with central London improved.

Brixton is mainly residential, though includes Brixton Market and a substantial retail sector. It is a multi-ethnic community, with a large percentage of its population of Afro-Caribbean descent. It lies within Inner London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill, Balham and Herne Hill. The district houses the main offices of Lambeth London Borough Council.

Brixton is 2.7 mi (4.3 km) south-southeast from the geographical centre of London (measuring to a point near Brixton Underground station on the Victoria line).
Bholekane
Bholekane also known as Balegana or Balegane is a town in the Hhohho Region of northern Eswatini, also known by its former official name Swaziland. The town is located on the banks of the Nkomati River, to the north of Mliba and south of Herefords; it is approximately 100 kilometers northeast of Mbabane, one of the two capitals (along with Lobamba).
26°05′S 31°33′E﻿ / ﻿26.09°S 31.55°E﻿ / -26.09; 31.55

Komati River
The Komati River, also known as the  Inkomati River  or Incomati River (in Mozambique, from Portuguese Rio Incomati), is a river in South Africa, Eswatini and Mozambique.  Originating in north-western Eswatini, it is joined by the Crocodile River in the Lebombo Mountains, enters far south-western Mozambique below the border town of Komatipoort, and enters the Indian Ocean around 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Maputo.

It is 480 kilometres (298 mi) long, with a drainage basin 50,000 square kilometres (19,300 sq mi) in size. Its mean annual discharge is 111 m3/s (3,920 cfs) at its mouth.

The name Komati is derived from inkomati, meaning "cow" in siSwati, as its perennial nature is compared to a cow that always has milk.
Assignment cover sheet
An assignment cover sheet is a paper used by students when completing assignments at university for their courses. These coversheets generally contain metadata about the assignment (such as the name of the student and the course number). This aids the efficient handling of assignments. Other types of data may be included, depending on the needs of the course.

Some universities require and/or provide cover sheets in standardized formats. These are often in the form of computer files which a student can download, print, and personalize.

Cover sheets are also required by some educational entities that are not universities.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".
Hepinglu station (Tianjin Metro)
Hepinglu station (Chinese: 和平路站; pinyin: Hépíng lù zhàn; lit. 'Heping Road station') is a station of Line 3 and Line 4 of the Tianjin Metro. It started operations on 1 October 2012.

Currently, due to continuous engineering, free transfer gateway between Line 3 and Line 4 isn't available, passengers that need transfer between two lines require an out-of-station transfer by using tickets other than oneway tickets within 30 minutes.

Line 3 (Tianjin Metro)
Line 3 of the Tianjin Metro (Chinese: 天津地铁三号线; pinyin: Tiānjīn Dìtiě Sān Hào Xiàn)  a rapid transit line running from north-east to south-west Tianjin. It was opened on 1 October 2012. The line is 33.7 km long and has 26 stations, of which 8 are elevated and the rest are underground.
Eileen Hendriks
Eileen Mary Lind Hendriks (1887–1978) was a geologist specialising in the geology of Devon and Cornwall. In 1930, she attempted to become the first female geologist employed by the Geological Survey of Great Britain, but her application was unsuccessful.

British Geological Survey
The British Geological Survey (BGS) is a partly publicly funded body which aims to advance geoscientific knowledge of the United Kingdom landmass and its continental shelf by means of systematic surveying, monitoring and research.

The BGS headquarters are in Keyworth, Nottinghamshire, England. Its other centres are located in Edinburgh, Wallingford, Cardiff and London. The current tagline of the BGS is: Understanding our Earth.
Marlene Zuk
Marlene Zuk (born May 20, 1956) is an American evolutionary biologist and behavioral ecologist. She worked as professor of biology at the University of California, Riverside (UCR) until she transferred to the University of Minnesota in 2012. Her studies involve sexual selection and parasites.

Ethology
Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig. The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of the Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and the Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, the three winners of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Ethology combines laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Lan Wang (computer scientist)
Lan Wang is a Chinese and American computer scientist specializing in computer networks, and especially named data networking, including data forwarding, data synchronization, and network scheduling. She is the Faudree University Professor of Computer Science at the University of Memphis, on leave as a program director at the National Science Foundation.

University of Memphis
The University of Memphis (Memphis) is a public research university in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1912, the university has an enrollment of more than 20,000 students.

The university maintains the Herff College of Engineering, the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI), the Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law, the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, the former Lambuth University campus in Jackson, Tennessee (now a branch campus of the University of Memphis), the Loewenberg College of Nursing, the School of Public Health, the College of Communication and Fine Arts, the FedEx Institute of Technology, the Advanced Distributed Learning Workforce Co-Lab, and the Institute of Egyptian Art and Archaeology. The University of Memphis is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High research activity".
Austin Lin
Austin Lin (Chinese: 林柏宏; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Pek-hông, born January 27, 1988) is a Taiwanese actor, singer and television host. Born and raised in Taipei, Taiwan, he took part in the second season of Taiwanese singing competition, One Million Star, in 2007. In 2009, he made his acting debut in Taiwanese film, Somewhere I Have Never Traveled, for which he also sang on the soundtrack. In 2016, he appeared in Taiwanese film, At Cafe 6, and won a Golden Horse Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards
The Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival and Taipei Golden Horse Awards (Chinese: 台北金馬影展; pinyin: Táiběi Jīnmǎ Yǐngzhǎn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak Kim-má iáⁿ-tián) are a film festival and associated awards ceremony held annually in Taiwan. The festival and ceremony were founded in 1962 by the Government Information Office of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan and is now run as an independent organisation. The awards ceremony is usually held in November or December in Taipei, although the event has also been held in other locations in Taiwan in recent times.
South Eastern Railway (Russia)
The Yugo-Vostochnaya Railway (Юго-Восточная железная дорога; "Southeastern Railway") is a subsidiary of the Russian Railways headquartered in Voronezh. Despite its name, the network operates the railways in the southwest of Russia. Its area of operation comprises Voronezh, Belgorod, Kursk, Ryazan, Tambov, Lipetsk, and Penza regions.

The railway route length was 3,648 kilometres (2,267 mi) in 1991, which included 257 stations and 13 locomotive yards.

Penza Oblast
Penza Oblast (Russian: Пензенская область, IPA: [ˈpʲenzʲɪnskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Penza. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,266,348. It was formed in 1939 on the territory detached from neighboring Tambov Oblast.
Luciocephalus aura
Luciocephalus aura, sometimes called the green-spotted pikehead or peppermint pikehead, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish from the subfamily Luciocephalinae of the gourami family Osphronemidae. It is endemic to Sumatra where it has been recorded from the middle Batang Hari River and from the middle Musi River drainage. It is typically found in forested swamps. An undescribed similar taxon has been seen in central Kalimantan and this is possibly a third species in the genus Luciocephalus.

On Sumatra, Luciocephalus aura and L. pulcher are both found in the same areas but they appear to be syntopic with L. aura preferring the faster flowing habitats. It is an ambush predator and paternal mouthbrooder. It has a line of bright green spots along its flanks which distinguish it from L. pulcher. Luciocephalus aura reaches 10.5 cm (4.1 inches) in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.

Mouthbrooder
Mouthbrooding, also known as oral incubation and buccal incubation, is the care given by some groups of animals to their offspring by holding them in the mouth of the parent for extended periods of time. Although mouthbrooding is performed by a variety of different animals, such as Darwin's frog, fish are by far the most diverse mouthbrooders. Mouthbrooding has evolved independently in several different families of fish.
Brandon Semenuk
Brandon Semenuk (born 2 February 1992) is a Canadian freestyle mountain biker and rally racer from Whistler, British Columbia. Semenuk is a five-time Freeride Mountain Bike World Tour Champion. He is a five-time Red Bull Joyride winner, X-Games Real MTB Gold Medalist (2021), and X-Games Silver medalist (2013) in the Mountain Bike Slopestyle event. He won the Red Bull Rampage in 2008, 2016, 2019, 2021, and 2024 – the first person to win Rampage five times. He is known to be "always emulated, never imitated" and is known as one of the best slopestyle/freeride mountain bikers in history. Semenuk won the 2022 and 2023 American Rally Association National championship.

Mountain biking
Mountain biking (abbr. MTB) is a sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, usually using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain, such as air or coil-sprung shocks used as suspension, larger and wider wheels and tires, stronger frame materials, and mechanically or hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Mountain biking can generally be broken down into distinct categories: cross country, trail, all mountain, enduro, downhill and freeride.
Shamarin
Shamarin (Arabic: شمارين; Turkish: Şemmerin) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. It is located on the Queiq Plain, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of Azaz, some 45 km (28 mi) north of the city of Aleppo, and less than 1 km (0.62 mi) south of the border with the Turkish province of Kilis. The village is inhabited by Turkmen.

The village administratively belongs to Nahiya Azaz in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Shamarikh 1.5 km (0.93 mi) to the south and Tulayl ash-Sham 2 km (1.2 mi) to the southwest. In the 2004 census, Shamarin had a population of 506.

Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab, [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Helebê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria. The governorate is the fifth in area with an area of 18,482 km2 (7,136 sq mi), or 18,498 square kilometres (7,142 sq mi)2, about 10% of the total area of Syria. The capital is the city of Aleppo.
Njáll Trausti Friðbertsson
Njáll Trausti Friðbertsson (born 31 December 1969) is an Icelandic Independence Party politician. He was elected to the Althing in 2016, by the Northeast constituency.

In 1994, Njáll won Draumaliðsdeildin, the Icelandic fantasy football competition hosted by Dagblaðið Vísir. Njáll credited watching a lot more of football that summer than he had done in the years before and also gave a mention to the points scored by former Yugoslavian striker Milos Tanasic.

Born in Reykjavík, he has been an air traffic controller in Akureyri since 1992. He graduated in Business Administration from the University of Akureyri in 2004. He and his wife Guðrún Gyða Hauksdóttir have two sons.

2016 Icelandic parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 29 October 2016. They were due to be held on or before 27 April 2017, but following the 2016 Icelandic anti-government protests, the ruling coalition announced that early elections would be held "in autumn".

The Independence Party emerged as the largest in the Althing, winning 21 of the 63 seats; the Progressive Party, which had won the most seats in 2013, lost more than half its seats as it was overtaken by the Left-Green Movement and the Pirate Party. Of the 63 elected MPs, 30 were female, giving Iceland the highest proportion of female MPs in Europe.

A new coalition was formed on 10 January 2017, consisting of the Independence Party, Viðreisn and Bright Future, with Bjarni Benediktsson becoming prime minister on 11 January 2017.
2024 Fifth Third Charleston 125 2 – Doubles
Nuria Brancaccio and Leyre Romero Gormaz won the doubles title at the 2024 Fifth Third Charleston 125 2, defeating Kayla Cross and Liv Hovde in the final, 7–6(8–6), 6–2.

Olivia Gadecki and Olivia Nicholls were the reigning champions from March 2024, but both players chose to participate in the Billie Jean King Cup finals.

Olivia Nicholls
Olivia Ann Nicholls (born 26 October 1994) is a British tennis player who specializes in doubles. On 23 June 2025, she peaked at world No. 23 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Nicholls has won three doubles titles on the WTA Tour, one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour and 19 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
D'Alembert–Euler condition
In mathematics and physics, especially the study of mechanics and fluid dynamics, the d'Alembert-Euler condition is a requirement that the streaklines of a flow are irrotational.  Let x = x(X,t) be the coordinates of the point x into which X is carried at time t by a (fluid) flow.  Let  be the second material derivative of x.  Then the d'Alembert-Euler condition is:

The d'Alembert-Euler condition is named for Jean le Rond d'Alembert and Leonhard Euler who independently first described its use in the mid-18th century.  It is not to be confused with the Cauchy–Riemann conditions.

Material derivative
In continuum mechanics, the material derivative describes the time rate of change of some physical quantity (like heat or momentum) of a material element that is subjected to a space-and-time-dependent macroscopic velocity field. The material derivative can serve as a link between Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions of continuum deformation.

For example, in fluid dynamics, the velocity field is the flow velocity, and the quantity of interest might be the temperature of the fluid. In this case, the material derivative then describes the temperature change of a certain fluid parcel with time, as it flows along its pathline (trajectory).