hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Kiparsky
René Paul Victor Kiparsky (born January 28, 1941) is a Finnish linguist and professor of linguistics at Stanford University.  He is the son of the St. Petersburg (Russia)-born linguist and Baltist/ Slavicist Valentin Kiparsky.

Kiparsky is especially known for his contributions to phonology. These include coining the terms elsewhere principle, and phonological opacity (including the types feeding, bleeding, counterfeeding, and counterbleeding), and creating the frameworks of Lexical Phonology and Morphology (LPM) and its successor, Stratal Optimality Theory. A noted Pāṇini scholar, he has also made fundamental contributions to historical linguistics and generative metrics, as well as working in morphosyntax, especially on his native Finnish.

Optimality theory
Optimality theory (frequently abbreviated OT) is a linguistic model proposing that the observed forms of language arise from the optimal satisfaction of conflicting constraints. OT differs from other approaches to phonological analysis, which typically use rules rather than constraints. However, phonological models of representation, such as autosegmental phonology, prosodic phonology, and linear phonology (SPE), are equally compatible with rule-based and constraint-based models. OT views grammars as systems that provide mappings from inputs to outputs; typically, the inputs are conceived of as underlying representations, and the outputs as their surface realizations. It is an approach within the larger framework of generative grammar.

Optimality theory has its origin in a talk given by Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky in 1991 which was later developed in a book manuscript by the same authors in 1993.
Khin San Win
Khin San Win (Burmese: ခင်စန်းဝင်း; born 8 June 1965) is a Burmese make-up artist, fashion designer, hair specialist turned actress after three decades-long experience in the Myanmar makeup industry. For decades she was known by the nickname Ma Gyi San while working as a make-up artist in Myanmar, before her acting debut. Khin San Win featured on The Myanmar Times "Top 10 Make-up artists" list in 2018.

The Myanmar Times
The Myanmar Times (Burmese: မြန်မာတိုင်း(မ်), MLCTS: mran ma: tuing: [mjànmá táɪn]), founded in 2000, is the oldest privately owned and operated English-language newspaper in Myanmar. A division of Myanmar Consolidated Media Co., Ltd. (MCM), The Myanmar Times published weekly English and Burmese-language news journals until March 2015, when the English edition began publishing daily, five days per week. Its head offices are in Yangon, with additional offices in Mandalay and Nay Pyi Taw. As per an announcement at the official website of the newspaper, it stopped nine media services on 21 February 2021 (20 days after the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état) primarily for three months. However, its services are still suspended till now.
Lundsbergs boarding school
Lundsbergs boarding school (Swedish: Lundsbergs skola) is a Swedish boarding school located in the Parish of Storfors north of Kristinehamn in Värmland, Sweden. Lundsberg was founded in 1896 with inspirations from classical English boarding schools, and has approximately 200 students today. The school is run by the Lundsbergs school Foundation, Stiftelsen Lundsbergs skola and is well known for its conservative atmosphere.

The school is one of the three elite boarding schools in Sweden. Annual tuition is 454,000 SEK. The cost is subsidized by the state but augmented by parents. The school consists of six dormitories, of which three are boys' dormitories (Forest Hill, Björke and Gransäter), and three are girls' dormitories (Klätten, Herrgården and Skogshult).

Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland
Prince Bertil of Sweden, Duke of Halland (Bertil Gustaf Oskar Carl Eugén; 28 February 1912 – 5 January 1997), was a member of the Swedish royal family. He was the third son of King Gustaf VI Adolf and his first wife, Princess Margaret of Connaught, as well as the uncle of King Carl XVI Gustaf. From 1973 to 1979, he was heir presumptive to his nephew Carl XVI Gustaf and the Swedish throne.
Richard John Uniacke
Richard John Uniacke (November 22, 1753 – October 11, 1830) was an abolitionist, lawyer, politician, member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly and Attorney General of Nova Scotia. According to historian Brian Cutherburton, Uniacke was "the most influential Nova Scotian of his day.... His faith in Nova Scotia's destiny as a partner in a great empire was only to be equalled by Joseph Howe." He devoted 49 years to public service in Nova Scotia. He fought in the American Revolution and later sought to emancipate Catholics and Black Nova Scotians who were slaves in Nova Scotia. He is buried in the crypt of St. Paul's Church.  His substantial estate (c. 1813) is preserved as the Uniacke Estate Museum Park at Mount Uniacke.

Crypt
A crypt (from Ancient Greek  κρύπτη (kryptē) crypta 'vault') is a stone chamber beneath the floor of a church, above ground within a cemetery’s mausoleum or a free-standing outdoor memorial tomb. It typically contains coffins, sarcophagi, or religious relics and sometimes cremation urns.

Originally, crypts were typically found below the main apse of a church, such as at the Abbey of Saint-Germain en Auxerre, but were later located beneath chancel, naves and transepts as well. Occasionally churches were raised high to accommodate a crypt at the ground level, such as St Michael's Church in Hildesheim, Germany.
Aipysurus foliosquama
Aipysurus foliosquama, also known as the leaf-scaled sea snake, is a  species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.  It was formerly endemic to the Ashmore and Cartier Islands of Australia, having thought to have become extinct there. In 2015, the snake was discovered in seagrass beds of Shark Bay off Western Australia.

Elapidae
Elapidae (/əˈlæpədiː/, commonly known as elapids /ˈɛləpɪdz/, from Ancient Greek: ἔλαψ élaps, variant of ἔλλοψ éllops "sea-fish") is a family of snakes characterized by their permanently erect fangs at the front of the mouth. Most elapids are venomous, with the exception of the genus Emydocephalus. Many members of this family exhibit a threat display of rearing upwards while spreading out a neck flap. Elapids are endemic to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with terrestrial forms in Asia, Australia, Africa, and the Americas and marine forms in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Members of the family have a wide range of sizes, from the 18 cm (7.1 in) white-lipped snake to the 5.85 m (19 ft 2 in) king cobra. Most species have neurotoxic venom that is channeled by their hollow fangs, and some may contain other toxic components in varying proportions. The family includes 55 genera with around 360 species and over 170 subspecies.
Anna Arkhipova
Anna Valeryevna Arkhipova (Russian: Анна Валерьевна Архипова) (born 27 July 1973 in Stavropol) is a Russian basketball player who competed for the Russian National Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics, winning the bronze medal.

Russia women's national basketball team
The Russia women's national basketball team is administered by the Russian Basketball Federation.
The team  has participated in four FIBA Women's World Cups and their best finish has been a silver medal in 1998, 2002 and 2006. In European Women Basketball Championship the Russian team won gold medals in 2003, 2007 and 2011, silver medals in 2001, 2005 and 2009, and bronze in 1995 and 1999. They have participated in five Olympic Games, winning two bronze medals.

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FIBA banned Russian teams and officials from participating in FIBA 3x3 Basketball competitions.
Matthew Victor Pastor
Matthew Victor Pastor (born 2 March 1989) is an Australian film director. His feature films explore Asian Australian identity, and tell Filipino Australian stories. An alumnus of the Victorian College of the Arts, University of Melbourne Faculty of VCA and MCM, his feature film Melodrama/Random/Melbourne had its Australian premiere at the 2018 Adelaide Film Festival. Part one of his 2020 Trilogy of feature films about the COVID-19 pandemic The Neon Across the Ocean had its world premiere at the 44th São Paulo International Film Festival in the International Perspective section. In 2021 A Pencil to the Jugular had its world premiere at the FIAPF accredited 43rd Moscow International Film Festival.

Asian Australians
Asian Australians are Australians of Asian ancestry, including naturalised Australians who are immigrants from various regions in Asia and descendants of such immigrants. At the 2021 census, the proportion of the population identifying as Asian amounted to 17.4 percent with breakdowns of 6.5 percent from Southern and Central Asia, 6.4 percent from North-East Asia, and 4.5 percent from South-East Asia.
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a species of bacteria and the only member of its genus. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which has been isolated from freshwater, freshwater fish, shellfish, cattle, goats, swine, cats, dogs, monkeys, vultures, snakes, toads and humans. It is considered a fecal coliform. P. shigelloides is a global distributed species, found globally outside of the polar ice caps.

P. shigelloides has been associated with the diarrheal disease state in humans, but has been identified in healthy humans as well. It can enter the body either through contact with water contaminated by fecal matter or through seafood originating from a contaminated source.

Fecal coliform
A fecal coliform (British: faecal coliform) is a facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative, non-sporulating bacterium. Coliform bacteria generally originate in the intestines of warm-blooded animals. Fecal coliforms are capable of growth in the presence of bile salts or similar surface agents, are oxidase negative, and produce acid and gas from lactose within 48 hours at 44 ± 0.5°C.  The term thermotolerant coliform is more correct and is gaining acceptance over "fecal coliform".

Coliform bacteria include genera that originate in feces (e.g. Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter). The fecal coliform assay is intended to be an indicator of fecal contamination; more specifically of E. coli which is an indicator microorganism for other pathogens that may be present in feces. Presence of fecal coliforms in water may not be directly harmful, and it does not necessarily indicate the presence of feces.
Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon
The Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon is a 15-by-16.5-centimetre (5.9 in × 6.5 in) ostracon (a trapezoid-shaped potsherd) with five lines of text, discovered in Building II, Room B, in Area B of the excavations at Khirbet Qeiyafa in 2008 headed by Yosef Garfinkel and Michael G. Hasel. Hebrew University archaeologist Amihai Mazar said the inscription was the longest Proto-Canaanite text ever found. Carbon-14 dating of 4 olive pips found in the same context with the ostracon and pottery analysis offer a date of Iron Age IIA c. 3,000 years ago (late 11th/early 10th century BCE).

In 2010, the ostracon was placed on display in the Iron Age gallery of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.

Amihai Mazar
Amihai "Ami" Mazar (Hebrew: עמיחי מזר; born November 19, 1942) is an Israeli archaeologist. Born in Haifa, Israel (then the British Mandate of Palestine), he has been since 1994 a professor at the Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, holding the Eleazer Sukenik Chair in the Archaeology of Israel.

His Archaeology of the Land of the Bible is a widely used textbook for Israelite archaeology in universities.

Mazar's work has resulted in the Modified Conventional Chronology being the most widely accepted framework for the Israelite chronology during the Iron Age period.

Mazar is married with three children and resides in Jerusalem. He is the nephew of Benjamin Mazar, one of the first generation of pioneering Israeli archaeologists after Independence, and cousin to the late archaeologist Eilat Mazar.
Sergei Ageyev (ice hockey)
Sergei Ageyev (born June 5, 1984) is a Russian ice hockey goaltender. He is currently playing with HC Astana of the Russian Higher Hockey League.

During the 2011-12 season, he played three playoff games with HC Izhstal of the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship, the top level of ice hockey in Kazakhstan.

HC Izhstal
Izhstal Izhevsk (Russian: Ижсталь Ижевск) is a professional ice hockey team based in Izhevsk, Udmurtia, Russia. They are currently playing in the Supreme Hockey League (VHL), the second highest professional league in Russia.
Tea chest
A tea chest is a type of wooden case originally produced and used to ship tea to the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. The conventional tea chest is a case with riveted metal edges, of approximate size 500 by 500 by 750 millimetres (20 by 20 by 30 in).

Modern tea chests (2023) are made of plywood with metal corners and lined with aluminium foil and parchment paper to provide aroma-proof packaging. They are generally shipped in shipping containers, so modern tea chests are commonly dimensioned to fit in standard shipping containers.

The term is now used widely to indicate similarly sized cases, including corrugated boxes, produced for various home and commercial uses.

Wooden tea caddies are also occasionally referred to as "tea chests".

A tea chest holds 42 to 58 kilograms of tea; the size depends on the origin and client. Sizes vary from 400×400×620 to 500×500×750 mm.

Rivet
A rivet is a permanent mechanical fastener. Before being installed, a rivet consists of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. The end opposite the head is called the tail. On installation, the deformed end is called the shop head or buck-tail.

Because there is effectively a head on each end of an installed rivet, it can support tension loads.  However, it is much more capable of supporting shear loads (loads perpendicular to the axis of the shaft).

Fastenings used in traditional wooden boat building, such as copper nails and clinch bolts, work on the same principle as the rivet but were in use long before the term rivet was introduced and, where they are remembered, are usually classified among nails and bolts respectively.
Big Trouble in Little China (video game)
Big Trouble in Little China is a side-scrolling beat 'em up designed by Mev Dinc and published by Electric Dreams Software in 1986 for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum. It is a tie-in licence for the film of the same name.

Tie-in
A tie-in work is a work of fiction or other product based on a media property such as a film, video game, television series, board game, website, role-playing game or literary property. Tie-ins are authorized by the owners of the original property, and are a form of cross-promotion used primarily to generate additional income from that property and to promote its visibility.
Afsou
Afsou (Tarifit: ⴰⴼⵙⵓ; Arabic: أفسو) is a commune in the Nador Province of the Oriental administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 3413 people living in 493 households.

Tarifit
Tarifit (Tarifit: Tmaziɣt, ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴼⵉⵜ, pronounced [θmæzɪχt]; Arabic: الريفية, romanized: ar-rīfīyah), also known as Riffian,  is a Zenati Berber language spoken in the Rif region in northern Morocco. It is spoken natively by some 1,200,000 Riffians, comprising 3.2% of the population of Morocco, primarily in the Rif provinces of Nador, Al Hoceima and Driouch.
2001 Canisius Golden Griffins football team
The 2001 Canisius Golden Griffins football team represented Canisius College represented Canisius College as a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC) during the 2001 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by second-year head coach Ed Argast, the Golden Griffins compiled an overall record of 1–9 with a mark of 1–6 in conference play, tying for seventh place at the bottom of the MAAC standings. The Canisius offense scored 175 points while the defense allowed 404 points.

Canisius University
Canisius University (/kəˈniːʃəs/ kə-NEE-shəss) is a private Jesuit university in Buffalo, New York. It was founded in 1870 by Jesuits from Germany and is named after St. Peter Canisius. Canisius offers more than a hundred undergraduate majors and minors, and around thirty-four master's and certificate programs.
David Holmes (journalist)
David Holmes (c. 1926 - February 2014) was a British journalist and broadcaster who served as the BBC's Political Editor from 1975 to 1980.

He was educated at Allhallows School. In 1956 he became a BBC home news reporter and between 1961 and 1972 was an assistant political correspondent (Deputy Political Editor from 1970) before being appointed Political Editor in 1975. In the same year he provided commentary on the first live transmission from the House of Commons on BBC Radio. He was also (1971) first editor of BBC 4's arts programme 'Kaleidoscope'.

Holmes also had periods as a presenter and within BBC management, latterly as Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the BBC and then as Secretary, before retiring in 1985.

His second wife, journalist Linda Alexander, was a presenter on Newsnight between 1980 and 1983.

Director-General of the BBC
The director-general of the British Broadcasting Corporation is chief executive and (from 1994) editor-in-chief of the BBC.

The post-holder was formerly appointed by the Board of Governors of the BBC (for the period 1927 to 2007) and then the BBC Trust (from 2007 to 2017). Since 2017 the director-general has been appointed by the BBC Board.

To date, 17 individuals have been appointed director-general, plus an additional two who were appointed in an acting capacity only. The current director-general is Tim Davie, who succeeded Tony Hall on 1 September 2020. On 9 November, his forthcoming resignation was announced.
Esk Island
Esk Island is one of the small uninhabited islands in the Palm Islands group. The nearest island is Falcon Island. The Aboriginal name for the island is Soopun. Along with nine of the other islands within the Palm Islands group, it falls under the local government area of the Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island.

The island was gazetted as an Aboriginal reserve on 20 September 1941, along with neighbouring small islands, with the intention of extending Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement, but it was never used as such.

Aboriginal reserve
An Aboriginal reserve, also called simply reserve, was a government-sanctioned settlement for Aboriginal Australians, created under various state and federal legislation. Along with missions and other institutions, they were used from the 19th century to the 1960s to keep Aboriginal people separate from the white Australian population. The governments passed laws related to such reserves that gave them much power over all aspects of Aboriginal people’s lives.

Protectors of Aborigines and (later) Aboriginal Protection Boards were appointed to look after the interests of the Aboriginal people.
Sopa de mondongo
Sopa de mondongo is a soup that originally came from Latin America. It is made from diced tripe (the stomach of a cow or pig) slow-cooked with vegetables such as bell peppers, onions, carrots, cabbage, celery, tomatoes, cilantro, garlic or root vegetables. The dish is generally prepared in former Spanish colonies in Latin America, Caribbean and in the Philippines.

Carrot
The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, typically orange in colour, though heirloom variants including purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist, all of which are domesticated forms of the wild carrot, Daucus carota, native to Europe and Southwestern Asia. The plant probably originated in Iran and was originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds.

The carrot is a biennial plant in the umbellifer family, Apiaceae. World production of carrots (combined with turnips) for 2022 was 42 million tonnes, led by China producing 44% of the total.

The characteristic orange colour is from beta-carotene, making carrots a rich source of  vitamin A. A myth that carrots help people to see in the dark was spread as propaganda in the Second World War, to account for the reason of British pilots' ability to fight in the dark; the real explanation was the introduction of radar.
Lower Town of Quebec City
The Lower Town of Quebec City is one of the two geographical and historical sectors of the borough of La Cité-Limoilou in Quebec. It is located at sea level as opposed to the Upper Town, which is located on the promontory of Quebec (whose highest point is 105 meters above sea level). This sector includes the Saint-Roch and Saint-Sauveur neighborhoods as well as some of the traditional neighborhood of Old Quebec.

La Cité-Limoilou
La Cité-Limoilou (French pronunciation: [la site limwalu]) is the central borough of Quebec City, the oldest (in terms of architecture), and the most populous, comprising 19.73% of the city's total population.  As an administrative division, it is very new, having only been formed on November 1, 2009, from the former boroughs of La Cité and Limoilou.
Commission on the Filipino Language
The Commission on the Filipino Language (CFL), also referred to as the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF), is the official regulating body of the Filipino language and the official government institution tasked with developing, preserving, and promoting the various local languages of the Philippines. The commission was established in accordance with the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.

Established by Republic Act No. 7104 in 1991, the commission is a replacement for the Institute of Philippine Languages (IPL; Linangan ng mga Wika sa Pilipinas) that was set up in 1987 which was a replacement of the older Institute of National Language (INL; Surian ng Wikang Pambansa), established in 1937 as the first government agency to foster the development of a Philippine national language.

Government of the Philippines
The government of the Philippines (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas) has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The Philippines is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform multi-party system.

The powers of the three branches are vested by the Constitution of the Philippines in the following: Legislative power is vested in the two-chamber Congress of the Philippines—the Senate is the upper chamber and the House of Representatives is the lower chamber. Executive power is exercised by the government under the leadership of the president. Judicial power is vested in the courts, with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body.
Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer
The Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) is an integral field spectrograph installed at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). It operates in the visible wavelength range, and combines a wide field of view with a high spatial resolution and a large simultaneous spectral range (480-930 nm). It is specifically designed to take advantage of the improved spatial resolution provided by adaptive optics, offering diffraction-limited performance in specific configurations. MUSE had first light on the VLT’s Unit Telescope 4 (UT4) on 31 January 2014.

Field of view
The field of view (FOV) is the angular extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment. In the case of optical instruments or sensors, it is a solid angle through which a detector is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. It is further relevant in photography.