hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Knapp
George Knapp is the name of:

Georg Christian Knapp (1753–1825), German Protestant theologian

Georg Friedrich Knapp (1842–1926), German economist

George Owen Knapp (1855–1945), American industrialist

George Knapp (television journalist) (born 1952), American journalist

George Knapp (MP) (1754–1809), British Member of Parliament for Abingdon, banker and grocer

Georg Friedrich Knapp
Georg Friedrich Knapp (German: [knap]; 7 March 1842 – 20 February 1926) was a German heterodox economist who in 1905 published The State Theory of Money, which founded the chartalist school of monetary economics, which argues that money's value derives from its issuance by an institutional form of government rather than spontaneously through relations of exchange.
Wairoa, Aldgate
Wairoa is a heritage-listed home and garden located in the Adelaide Hills situated at 160 Mount Barker Road between Aldgate and Stirling in South Australia. It was for over three decades the home of Marbury School.

Stirling, South Australia
Stirling is a small town in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, approximately 15 km from the Adelaide city centre. It is administered by the Adelaide Hills Council. Neighbouring townships are Crafers and Aldgate. Other nearby towns are Heathfield and Bridgewater. Of those five, Stirling has the largest commercial strip, and used to have the greatest number and widest variety of shops, and the only bank. Once there were multiple banks but all but one have left.  A fire destroyed the main shopping complex in the main street in 2023, and will be rebuilt by autumn 2027.
Stirling East, a similar sized area towards Aldgate, is home to a school.
Devils Haircut
"Devils Haircut" is a song by the American musician Beck, released in November 1996 by DGC Records as the second single from his fifth album, Odelay (1996). Both co-written and co-produced by Beck, the song peaked at number 94 on the US Billboard Hot 100, number 23 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and number 22 on the UK Singles Chart. Its music video was directed by Mark Romanek and filmed in New York City. In the end of 1996, Melody Maker ranked "Devils Haircut" number six in their list of "Singles of the Year".

DGC Records
DGC Records (an initialism for the David Geffen Company) was an American record label that operated as a division of Interscope Geffen A&M Records, which is owned by Universal Music Group.

In 1999, after the PolyGram merger into UMG which created the Interscope Geffen A&M unit, DGC was absorbed into Geffen Records, but was later revived in 2007 before being merged into Geffen again in September 2021 following eight years of inactivity.

The most famous group they signed was Nirvana.
6th Asian Film Awards
The 6th Asian Film Awards is an intra-continental annually-presented award ceremony hosted during the Hong Kong International Film Festival to honour the best Asian films of 2011.

Awards were presented in 14 general categories. People's Choice Awards were also presented for Favorite Actor and Favorite Actress. In addition, three special awards were also given, the Lifetime Achievement Award, The Edward Yang New Talent Award and The Asian Film Award for 2011's Top Grossing Asian Film. Nominations were announced on January 17, 2012 and the ceremony took place on March 19, 2012.

The awards were held at the Grand Hall of the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center as part of the Entertainment Expo's Opening Gala. It was broadcast in aTV World on March 20 and in aTV Asia on March 22.

ATV Asia
ATV Asia (Chinese: 亞洲台) was a high-definition TV channel operated by the Hong Kong Asia Television, starting on April 1, 2009, at 6:00am, broadcast 24 hours a day from the night of television channels.
Jacques Ignace Hittorff
Jacques Ignace Hittorff or, in German, Jakob Ignaz Hittorff (German: [ˈjaːkop ˈɪɡnaːts ˈhɪtɔʁf], French: [ʒak iɲas itɔʁf]) (Cologne, 20 August 1792 – 25 March 1867) was a German-born French architect who combined advanced structural use of new materials, notably cast iron, with conservative Beaux-Arts classicism in a career that spanned the decades from the Restoration to the Second Empire.

Académie des Beaux-Arts
The Académie des Beaux-Arts (French pronunciation: [akademi de boz‿aʁ]; lit. 'Academy of Fine Arts') is a French learned society based in Paris. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France. As of 2025, the president of the academy is Coline Serreau, a French actress and film director.
James C. Brown (Pennsylvania politician)
James C. Brown (October 7, 1828 – February 12, 1892) was an American Civil War veteran from Greenville, Pennsylvania who was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and the Pennsylvania Senate both for a single term as a Republican.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
Microcytic anemia
Microcytic anaemia is any of several types of anemia characterized by smaller than normal red blood cells (called microcytes). The normal mean corpuscular volume of a red blood cell is approximately 80–100 fL. When the MCV is <80 fL, the red cells are described as microcytic. MCV is the average red blood cell size. The main causes of microcytic anemia are iron-deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia, and anemia of chronic disease.

In microcytic anemia, the red blood cells (erythrocytes) contain less hemoglobin and are usually also hypochromic, meaning that the red blood cells appear paler than usual. This can be reflected by a low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), a measure representing the amount of hemoglobin per unit volume of fluid inside the cell; normally about 320–360 g/L or 32–36 g/dL. Typically, therefore, anemia of this category is described as "microcytic, hypochromic anemia".

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is a measure of the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cell.

It is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin by the hematocrit. Reference ranges for blood tests are 32 to 36 g/dL (320 to 360g/L), or between 4.81 and 5.58 mmol/L. It is thus a mass or molar concentration. Still, many instances measure MCHC in percentage (%), as if it were a mass fraction (mHb / mRBC). Numerically, however, the MCHC in g/dL and the mass fraction of hemoglobin in red blood cells in % are identical, assuming an RBC density of 1g/mL and negligible hemoglobin in plasma.
Kinetotroph
A kinetotroph or kinetic harvester is a hypothetical organism that would use kinetic energy to produce complex molecules like adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Kinetotrophs could obtain their energy from numerous sources like wind, tides, or currents; this would allow them to inhabit locations with minimal light for photosynthesis. Kinetotrophs could descend from chemotrophs, and have been hypothesized to take the form of sedentary ciliates and reed-like organisms.

There are no known kinetotrophs on Earth, likely because the process is less efficient than other sources of energy like light or chemicals. However, similar transducer systems have been observed in some organisms. For example, some fish possess a lateral line organ, which uses cilia to turn the movement of fluid into electric signals.

Lateral line
The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ, is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelial cells, known as hair cells, which respond to displacement caused by motion and transduce these signals into electrical impulses via excitatory synapses. Lateral lines play an important role in schooling behavior, predation, and orientation.

Early in the evolution of fish, some of the sensory organs of the lateral line were modified to function as the electroreceptors called ampullae of Lorenzini. The lateral line system is ancient and basal to the vertebrate clade, as it is found in fishes that diverged over 400 million years ago.
Alireza Qaeminia
Alireza Qaeminia is an Iranian philosopher and associate professor of epistemology at the Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought. He is a recipient of the Iranian Book of the Year Award for his book Biology of the Religious Text.

Iran's Book of the Year Awards
Iran's Book of the Year Awards is an annual award about books in categories of religion, social sciences, language, applied sciences, art and literature. 
It is the most prestigious book award in Iran and is granted by the Iranian president during a ceremony.
Marilyn Batista Márquez
Marilyn Batista Márquez (Bayamón, Puerto Rico, 1959) is a writer, journalist, and women’s rights advocate. Since 1990, she has lived in Costa Rica, and since 2020 she has divided her time between that country and Florida.

University of Costa Rica
The University of Costa Rica (Spanish: Universidad de Costa Rica, abbreviated UCR) is a public university in the Republic of Costa Rica, in Central America.  Its main campus, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio,  is located in San Pedro Montes de Oca, in the province of San José.  It is the oldest and largest institution of higher learning in Costa Rica, originally established as the Universidad de Santo Tomás in 1843. Approximately 45,000 students attend UCR throughout the year.
Swedish Polytechnic
The Swedish Polytechnic (Swedish: Svenska yrkeshögskolan) was an institution of higher professional education (vocational university) in Vaasa, Finland. It offered bachelor's and master's degree programmes in Swedish in the fields of technology, health care, social welfare in Vaasa and within culture in Nykarleby and Jakobstad.

On August 1, 2008, the University merged with the Sydväst Polytechnic to form the Novia University of Applied Sciences.

Jakobstad
Jakobstad (Finland Swedish: [ˈjɑːkopˌstɑːd]; Finnish: Pietarsaari, Finnish: [ˈpie̯tɑrˌsɑːri]) is a town in Finland, located on the west coast of the country. Jakobstad is situated in Ostrobothnia, along the Gulf of Bothnia. The population of Jakobstad is approximately 20,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 51,000. It is the 57th most populous municipality in Finland.

Jakobstad covers a land area of 88.52 km2 (34.18 sq mi). The population density is 222.19/km2 (575.5/sq mi). Neighboring municipalities are Larsmo, Pedersöre, and Nykarleby. The city of Vaasa is located 98 km (61 mi) southwest of Jakobstad.

Jakobstad is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 30% Finnish speakers, 54% Swedish speakers, and 16% speakers of other languages.
Hydesville Tower School
Hydesville Tower School is a coeducational independent school located in Walsall in the West Midlands, England. The school is owned and operated by Cognita, the largest independent schools provider in the UK.

Hydesville Tower School, which overlooks Walsall Arboretum, was established in 1952. It comprises a nursery, prep school and senior school.

The school curriculum includes the core subjects of English, mathematics and science, French, German, Spanish, geography, history, art, business studies, ICT, religious studies, music and physical education. The PE department makes use of the sports facilities at the nearby Walsall Campus of the University of Wolverhampton. Elocution is part of the Prep School timetable and personal, social and health education (PSHE) is delivered to pupils in the senior school.

Walsall Arboretum
Walsall Arboretum is a Victorian public park located close to Walsall town centre in the West Midlands of England. Part of the park and surrounding housing are covered by the Arboretum conservation area. In the early 2010s, the park has undergone a major restoration and redevelopment programme funded largely by the Heritage Lottery Fund.
1990 EFDA Nations Cup
The EFDA Nations Cup, was a Country vs Country competition for Formula Opel cars between 1990 and 1998. It had always been Dan Partel's dream to stage a race that pitted drivers in equal cars racing for their country. The Formula Opel/Vauxhall one make racing series offered the best opportunity for such an event.

The 1990 EFDA Nations Cup (Nation Cup I) was held at Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium (19–20 July 1990).

EFDA Nations Cup
The EFDA Nations Cup was a Formula Opel competition which was held between 1990 and 1998. The competition pitted international drivers against each other in similar cars, with drivers representing their nations. It was founded by Dan Partel within the Formula Opel/Vauxhall racing series.

The first Nations Cup race was held at the historic Spa-Francorchamps circuit in Belgium on 19–20 July 1990, and organised by the European Formula Drivers Association (EFDA).
Berlin to Broadway with Kurt Weill
Berlin to Broadway with Kurt Weill is a musical revue with a book by Gene Lerner, music by Kurt Weill, and lyrics by various songwriting partners Weill worked with over his career. The plot follows Weill's life as he begins his career in Germany writing the music for controversial musicals, through his journey fleeing Nazi persecution, immigrating to the United States, and becoming successful on Broadway. Songs featured include those Weill collaborated on with Maxwell Anderson, Marc Blitzstein, Bertolt Brecht, Jacques Deval, Michael Feingold, Ira Gershwin, Paul Green, Langston Hughes, Alan Jay Lerner, Ogden Nash, George Tabori and Arnold Weinstein.

Ogden Nash
Frederic Ogden Nash (August 19, 1902 – May 19, 1971) was an American poet well known for his light verse, of which he wrote more than 500 pieces. With his unconventional rhyming schemes, he was declared by The New York Times to be the country's best-known producer of humorous poetry.
Potts Creek
Potts Creek is a 46-mile-long (74 km) tributary of the Jackson River in western Virginia. Via the Jackson River, it is part of the James River watershed, flowing to Chesapeake Bay.  The creek rises in Monroe County, West Virginia, south of Waiteville, and flows northeast through Craig County and Alleghany County in Virginia, joining the Jackson River at Covington.

Covington, Virginia
Covington is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,737, making it the second-least populous city in Virginia. It is surrounded by Alleghany County, of which it is also the county seat. Located at the confluence of Jackson River and Dunlap Creek, Covington is one of three cities (with Roanoke and Salem) in the Roanoke Regional Partnership. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Covington with Alleghany county for statistical purposes.
Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri
Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen has a squamulose (scaly) thallus, with a range of bright yellow to greenish-yellow and brownish-orange colours in its soredia (powdery propagules) and apothecia (fruiting bodies), respectively. The areoles of this lichen are varied in size, slightly raised from the thallus surface, and each carries one to four apothecia. The soralia are rounded or irregularly shaped, covering most of the thallus surface as a yellow to greenish-yellow mass. The apothecia have dark brownish-orange discs, surrounded by slightly paler yellow margins, with the spore-bearing asci containing typically eight brownish-golden ascospores.

Volcanic rock
Volcanic rocks (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) are rocks formed from lava erupted from a volcano. Like all rock types, the concept of volcanic rock is artificial, and in nature volcanic rocks grade into hypabyssal and metamorphic rocks and constitute an important element of some sediments and sedimentary rocks. For these reasons, in geology, volcanics and shallow hypabyssal rocks are not always treated as distinct. In the context of Precambrian shield geology, the term "volcanic" is often applied to what are strictly metavolcanic rocks. Volcanic rocks and sediment that form from magma erupted into the air are called "pyroclastics," and these are also technically sedimentary rocks.

Volcanic rocks are among the most common rock types on Earth's surface, particularly in the oceans. On land, they are very common at plate boundaries and in flood basalt provinces. It has been estimated that volcanic rocks cover about 8% of the Earth's current land surface.
Zwick
Zwick is a German surname. It originates as a descriptor for a triangular piece of land, which would be applied to the person who worked it.

Charles Zwick (1926–2018), American government official

Edward Zwick (born 1952), American filmmaker

Jill Zwick (born 1944), American politician

Joel Zwick (born 1942), American director

Johannes Zwick (c. 1496–1542), German Reformer and hymnwriter

Justin Zwick (born 1983), American football player

Luis Zwick (born 1994), German footballer (Dundee United FC)

Rebecca Zwick, American expert in educational assessment and college admissions

Spencer J. Zwick, finance chair of Mitt Romney presidential campaign, 2012

W. Craig Zwick (born 1947), American religious leader

Uri Zwick, Israeli computer scientist

Uri Zwick
Uri Zwick (Hebrew: אורי צוויק) is an Israeli computer scientist and mathematician known for his work on graph algorithms, in particular on distances in graphs and on the color-coding technique for subgraph isomorphism. With Howard Karloff, he is the namesake of the Karloff–Zwick algorithm for approximating the MAX-3SAT problem of Boolean satisfiability. He and his coauthors won the David P. Robbins Prize in 2011 for their work on the block-stacking problem.

Zwick earned a bachelor's degree from the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, and completed his doctorate at Tel Aviv University in 1989 under the supervision of Noga Alon. He is currently a professor of computer science at Tel Aviv University.
Methuen Cove
Methuen Cove (60°46′S 44°33′W﻿ / ﻿60.767°S 44.550°W﻿ / -60.767; -44.550) is a cove between Cape Anderson and Cape Whitson on the south coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands off Antarctica. It was charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, who named it after H. Methuen, the expedition's accountant.

Laurie Island
Laurie Island is the second largest of the South Orkney Islands. The island is claimed by both Argentina as part of Argentine Antarctica, and by the United Kingdom as part of the British Antarctic Territory. Under the Antarctic Treaty System all sovereignty claims are suspended, as the island lies south of the parallel 60°. Buchanan Point at the north-eastern end of the island, with Cape Whitson on its south coast, are Important Bird Areas.
Albert Edward Smith
Albert Edward Smith (October 20, 1871 – April 12, 1947), known as A. E. Smith, was a Canadian religious leader and politician. A social gospeller, Smith was for many years a minister in the Canadian Methodist Church before starting his own "People's Church".  He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1920 to 1922 as a Labour representative.  He joined the Communist Party of Canada in 1925 and ran as a Communist candidate in several elections.

Brandon (electoral district)
Brandon was a federal electoral district in the province of Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1896 to 1953. It was created in 1892 from parts of Marquette and Selkirk ridings. In 1952, the constituency was merged with the constituency of Souris to form the district of Brandon—Souris.
Stefan Reimann-Andersen
Stefan Reimann-Andersen (born 13 July 1963) is an Austrian-German entrepreneur. Together with three of his siblings, they own 95% of Luxembourg-based investment firm JAB Holding Company.

Stefan Reimann-Andersen was born in the family of Albert Reimann, the owner of the chemical company Joh. A. Benckiser. However, none of eight siblings knew that their father was rich until his death in 1984. The JAB Holding Company produces such cleanings products as Sagrotan, Vanish or Calgonit, Jacobs coffee, Senseo pads, shoes from Bally or leather jackets from Belstaff. The family prefers to avoid publicity and live in anonymity. In 2006, they moved from Ludwigshafen to Vienna and then to Luxembourg.

Stefan Reimann-Andersen made the 2022 Forbes Billionaires List with an estimated wealth of $5.8 billion and occupied the 438th position.

Vanish (stain remover)
Vanish is a brand of stain removing products owned by the Anglo-Dutch company Reckitt Benckiser and sold in Australia, India, Spain, Poland, Indonesia, Russia, South Africa, Latin America and other countries.
Steven Ehricks
Steven Ehrichs Colón (born September 11, 1989) is a retired footballer who played as a defender or midfielder.

A native of Brentwood, New York, Ehrichs graduated from Brentwood High School. He played four years of college soccer at Hofstra, scoring four goals in 66 appearances for the Pride. After college, he appeared for three seasons in the Long Island Soccer Football League (LISFL), playing with Mineola Portuguese and Port Jefferson SC. Ehrichs represented Puerto Rico at the international level, earning three caps for the senior side including starting in two 2010 World Cup Qualifying matches against Honduras. He also played in a 2010 Caribbean Cup qualification match against Cayman Islands.

Cayman Islands national football team
The Cayman Islands national football team represents the Cayman Islands (British overseas territory) in men's international football, which is governed by the Cayman Islands Football Association founded in 1966. It has been a member of FIFA and CONCACAF since 1992. Regionally, it is a member of CFU in the Caribbean Zone.

Cayman Islands has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup and the CONCACAF Gold Cup, but has participated four times in League C of the CONCACAF Nations League. Regionally, the team finished in fourth place in the Caribbean Cup as hosts in 1995.

Cayman Islands' debut in international competitions was in the first qualifying round of the 1985 CFU Championship. Their first appearance in World Cup qualifiers was in the 1998 CONCACAF qualification. The team achieved its first victory in 1990, defeating Aruba 2–1.
Davis-Felton Plantation
The Davis-Felton Plantation, near Henderson in Houston County, Georgia, is a plantation that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It is located northwest of Henderson on Felton Rd. The plantation was also known as  Mossy Hill.

Henderson, Georgia
Henderson is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Chatham County, Georgia, United States. The population was 2,178 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Savannah metropolitan statistical area.