hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Association for Semiotic Studies
International Association for Semiotic Studies (Association Internationale de Sémiotique, IASS-AIS) is the major world organisation of semioticians, established in 1969.

Founding members of the association include Algirdas Julien Greimas, Roman Jakobson, Julia Kristeva, Emile Benveniste, André Martinet, Roland Barthes, Umberto Eco, Thomas A. Sebeok, and Juri Lotman.

The official journal of the association is Semiotica, published by De Gruyter Mouton.  The working languages of the association are English and French.

The Executive Committee of the IASS (le Comité Directeur de l’AIS) consists of the representatives from semiotic societies of member countries (two from each).

Juri Lotman
Juri Lotman (Russian: Юрий Михайлович Лотман; 28 February 1922 – 28 October 1993) was a prominent Russian-Estonian literary scholar, semiotician, and historian of Russian culture, who worked at the University of Tartu. He was elected a member of the British Academy (1977), the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (1987), the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1989) and the Estonian Academy of Sciences (1990). He was a founder of the Tartu–Moscow Semiotic School. The number of his printed works exceeds 800 titles. His extensive archive (now kept at the University of Tallinn and at the Tartu University Library) includes his correspondence with a number of Russian and Western intellectuals.
Mount Richard-Molard
Mount Richard-Molard, also known as Mount Nimba (French: Mont Nimba) is a mountain along the border of Guinea, Ivory Coast and Liberia in West Africa. The summit is on the border of Guinea and Ivory Coast and at 1,752 m (5,748 ft) is the highest peak for both countries. The mountain is part of the Guinea Highlands, which straddles the borders between the three countries. The nearest major settlements are the town Yekepa in Liberia and the towns of Bossou and N'Zoo in Guinea.

Yekepa
Yekepa is a town in the Yahmein or Yarmein District  of northern Nimba County in Liberia, lying near the Guinean border. It was the base for Lamco's iron ore mining operation until it was destroyed in the First Liberian Civil War which lasted from 1989 to 1997.  Nearby Guesthouse Hill is one of the highest points in the nation. The community is home to the African Bible College University.
Despite some controversy, international steel company Arcelor Mittal was given approval to begin restoring the once prosperous mining town in May 2007. The reconstruction was to include a hospital, schools and other facilities for the township. However, due to fluctuations in world iron prices, much of the redevelopment never happened, and less than a decade later, much of the site had been abandoned once again.
Nikola Gligorov
Nikola Gligorov (Macedonian: Никола Глигоров; born 15 August 1983) is a Macedonian football manager and former professional player who played as a defensive midfielder. He was a recently the head coach of FK Vardar.

Macedonian Football Cup
The Cup of Macedonia (Macedonian: Куп на Македонија, Kup na Makedonija) is the top knockout tournament and the second most important football competition in North Macedonia after the Macedonian First League championship. The cup was established in 1992 after local clubs had abandoned the Yugoslav First League and Yugoslav Cup competitions following the breakup of Yugoslavia.

As of 2014, a total of 16 clubs have reached the cup finals and the most successful side in the history of the competition is Vardar, who have triumphed 6 times in their 7 cup final appearances. They are followed by Rabotnički and Sloga Jugomagnat, who have won 4 titles.
Etchemendy
Etchemendy is a surname of Basque origin meaning 'the mountain with a house(s) on it'. Notable people with the surname include:

John Etchemendy (born 1952), American logician

Nancy Etchemendy (born 1952), American writer

Pascale Etchemendy (born 1966), French tennis player

Pascale Etchemendy
Pascale Etchemendy (born 6 June 1966) is a French former professional tennis player.

Etchemendy featured in the main draw of six French Open tournaments, making the second round on three occasions. At the 1986 French Open she lost a second round match to 13th seed Carling Bassett, having led 5–3 in the third set. In 1990 she also played in the main draws of the Australian Open and Wimbledon. She had a career high singles ranking of 132 in the world and her best WTA Tour performance was a semi-final appearance at the Taranto in 1990.
Tolkachyovka, Kursk Oblast
Tolkachyovka (Russian: Толкачёвка) is a rural locality (Russian: село, lit. 'village') in Prilepsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  346 (2010 Census); 453 (2002 Census);

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Warren P. Porter
Warren P. Porter is an American biophysical ecologist, environmental toxicologist, and an academic. He is an emeritus Professor in the Department of Integrative Biology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.

Porter's research focuses on bioinformatics, conservation biology, ecology, animals on landscapes, environmental toxicology, and evolution. He founded and co-founded two companies, Isomark and Niche-Mapper, which develop technology to predict animal health, energetics and behavior.

Integrative Biology
Integrative Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the interface between biology and the fields of physics, chemistry, engineering, imaging, and informatics. It was published by the Royal Society of Chemistry  from its launch in 2008 to 2018. Since then, it has been published by Oxford University Press. Its 2023 impact factor is 1.5.
The Glugs of Gosh
The Glugs of Gosh is a book of satirical verse written by Australian author C. J. Dennis, published by Angus & Robertson in 1917. The book's 13 poems are vignettes of life in a fictional kingdom called Gosh, inhabited by an arboreal race (that is to say, climbers) known as Glugs. Dennis describes the Glugs as a "stupid race of docile folk". The illustrations, by Dennis's regular collaborator Hal Gye, depict the Glugs as short humanoids with large heads. Written in the style of children's nonsense poetry, the work attacks free trade, along with what Dennis saw as Australia's social conformity, intellectual cowardice and rampant bureaucracy. Although the book has greater literary merit than the larrikin-inspired doggerel verse for which Dennis is famed, it was a commercial failure. According to one biographer, "the veiled political and economic satirical verse was lost on the public." The book is dedicated to his wife.

Nonsense verse
Nonsense verse is a form of nonsense literature usually employing strong prosodic elements like rhythm and rhyme. It is often whimsical and humorous in tone and employs some of the techniques of nonsense literature.

Limericks are probably the best known form of nonsense verse, although they tend nowadays to be used for straightforward humour, rather than having a nonsensical effect.

Among writers in English noted for nonsense verse are Edward Lear, Lewis Carroll, Mervyn Peake, Edward Gorey, Colin West, Dr. Seuss, and Spike Milligan. The Martian Poets and Ivor Cutler are considered by some to be in the nonsense tradition.
Sangvi Budruk
Sangvi Budruk is a village in Yawal Taluka of Jalgaon district in the northwestern part of the state of Maharashtra, India. It is situated near the Satpuda range in the Khandesh region, and on Burhanpur - Ankleshwar National Highway 4. This Village has History. Famous Freedom Fighter Shri. Digambar Fakira Patil (INA) was from Sangvi Bk village.

Sangvi has an average elevation of 209 metres (686 ft) and is in the Yawal Wildlife Sanctuary.

Burhanpur
Burhanpur is a historical city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative seat of Burhanpur District. It is situated on the north bank of the Tapti River and 512 kilometres (318 mi) northeast of city of Mumbai , 340 kilometres (211 mi) southwest of the state's capital city of Bhopal. The city is a Municipal Corporation.
The Family Business: New Orleans
The Family Business: New Orleans is an American crime family drama series created by Carl Weber and stars Lela Rochon as Big Shirley Duncan, owner of popular New Orleans club Midnight Blues, and Brandon T. Jackson as her son Marquis. It is a spin-off from the crime drama The Family Business. The eight-episode first season premiered on January 23, 2025 on BET+.

Carl Weber (author)
Carl Weber (born 1964) is an American author, publisher, television writer and producer. He owns Urban Books, a publishing company, and formerly owned Urban Knowledge, a chain of bookstores. His mystery novels were adapted into films The Man in 3B (2015), The Preacher's Son (2017), The Choir Director (2018) and Influence (2020). Weber created and produced the crime family drama series The Family Business (2018–present) based on his book series. In 2022, he created the crime drama series The Black Hamptons.
2015 Tour de Luxembourg
The 2015 Tour de Luxembourg was the 75th edition of the Tour de Luxembourg cycle stage race. It was part of the 2015 UCI Europe Tour as a 2.HC event, and was won by Germany's Linus Gerdemann, riding for the Cult Energy Pro Cycling team.

Linus Gerdemann
Linus Gerdemann (born 16 September 1982) is a German former professional road bicycle racer, who won a stage in the 2007 Tour de France and led the general classification for two days, wearing the yellow jersey.

After failing to find a contract for 2013, Gerdemann joined MTN–Qhubeka for the 2014 season. In 2015 he rode for Danish professional continental team Cult Energy-Vital Water. Early 2017, Gerdemann announced his retirement.
The Best of Bobby Vinton (1985 album)
The Best of Bobby Vinton is a 12-track collection of previously recorded songs by Bobby Vinton; it was released in 1985. This collection contains two songs that Vinton recorded for ABC Records ("Killing Me Softly With Her Song", and "My Melody of Love", and six for Epic Records ("Roses Are Red (My Love)", "Mr. Lonely", "Blue Velvet", "There! I've Said It Again", "Blue on Blue", and "I Love How You Love Me"), and one for the Canadian label of Ahed Records ("Medley"). The last two songs, "Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow" and "Don't You Know", make their first album appearances on this collection.
"My Special Angel"is re-recording and first appearance on this LP.

Roses Are Red (My Love)
"Roses Are Red (My Love)" is a popular song composed by Al Byron and Paul Evans. It was recorded by Bobby Vinton, backed by Robert Mersey and his Orchestra, in New York City in February 1962, and released in April 1962, and the song was his first hit.
Narpala
Narpala is a village in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Narpala mandal in Anantapur revenue division. Narpala is located 23 km from Anantapur. Famous Gugudu kullai swamy temple is in Narpala Mandal only.

Transport : From Anantapur every 15mins APSRTC palle velugu  buses are available.

From DHARMAVARAM and TADIPATHRI every 30mins APSRTC palle velugu buses are available.

Crops : Mainly Ground nut, Banana, Mango and Sweet lime.

Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation
The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (abbreviated as APSRTC) is the state-owned road transport corporation in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Its headquarters is located at NTR Administrative Block of RTC House in Pandit Nehru bus station of Vijayawada. Many other Indian metros and towns in Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Odisha and Chhattisgarh are also linked with the APSRTC services. It was merged into the state government after the creation of AP Public Transport Department (APPTD) in September 2019.
Kumquat production in China
China is one of the world's leading producers of kumquats. The earliest historical reference to kumquats appears in Chinese literature in the 12th century, and the plant was native to China before it was spread to Japan, Taiwan and South America. The industry is highly productive in Jiangxi province, particularly in Suichuan County which is first among China's four largest kumquat-producing areas. In the mid 1980s, Yufeng Township accounted for one half of the entire county's production.
Many women in Jiangxi province are occupied in the kumquat industry.

Chinese literature
The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age. The Han (202 BC – 220 AD) and Tang (618–907 AD) dynasties were considered golden ages of poetry, while the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1271–1368) were notable for their lyrics (ci), essays, dramas, and plays. During the Ming and Qing, mature novels were written in written vernacular Chinese, an evolution from the preeminence of Literary Chinese patterned off the language of the Chinese classics. The introduction of widespread woodblock printing during the Tang and the invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng (990–1051) during the Song rapidly spread written knowledge throughout China. Around the turn of the 20th century, the author Lu Xun (1881–1936) is considered an influential voice of vernacular Chinese literature.
Château de Brissac
The Château de Brissac is a French château in the Brissac-Quincé area of the commune of Brissac Loire Aubance, located in the department of Maine-et-Loire, France. The property is owned by the noble Cossé family, whose head bears the French hereditary title of Duke of Brissac. The château is listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

Brissac Loire Aubance
Brissac Loire Aubance (French pronunciation: [bʁisak lwaʁ obɑ̃s] ⓘ) is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department of western France. The municipality was established on 15 December 2016 and consists of the former communes of Les Alleuds, Brissac-Quincé, Charcé-Saint-Ellier-sur-Aubance, Chemellier, Coutures, Luigné, Saint-Rémy-la-Varenne, Saint-Saturnin-sur-Loire, Saulgé-l'Hôpital and Vauchrétien.
Ed Sachs
Edwin Richard Sachs (February 11, 1918 – July 15, 1996) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Chicago Bruins in the National Basketball League during the 1941–42 season and averaged 2.5 points per game.

Chicago Bruins
The Chicago Bruins were an American basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois. Owned by Chicago Bears football team owner George Halas, the Bruins were a member of the American Basketball League, a league that also featured other National Football League team owners and run by NFL President Joseph  Carr. Among the team's players were Bears quarterback Laurie Walquist and future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Nat Holman.

The team later played in the National Basketball League (1939–1942) and World Professional Basketball Tournament.
Ribeirão Pires
Ribeirão Pires (Pires Stream) is a city in the Metropolitan Region of the city of São Paulo, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is part of the "ABC Region” of Greater São Paulo. The population is 124,159 (2020 est.) in an area of 99.1 km2. The elevation is 763 m.

Its neighboring cities are Ferraz de Vasconcelos to the north, Suzano to the northeast and east, Rio Grande da Serra to the southeast and south, Santo André southwest, and Mauá northwest. The city is served by trains from Line 10 of CPTM. It became its own municipality in 1953, following its emancipation from Santo André.

Suzano
Suzano is a municipality in São Paulo state, Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The population is 300,559 (2020 est.) in an area of 206.24 km2 (79.63 sq mi). The elevation is 749 m.

Suzano's industrial growth was boosted in the past by the availability of available sites for companies to set up and by its access to highways that lead to the interior and coast of the state. The Índio Tibiriçá, Rodoanel and Henrique Eroles highways pass directly through Suzano. Suzano has direct access to the Ayrton Senna Highway, the Anchieta Highway and indirect access to Mogi-Dutra and consequently to Dutra itself.
Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1963
Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1963 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1988, featuring 10 hit recordings from 1963.

The album includes eight songs that reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart, including the year's No. 1 song, "Sugar Shack" by Jimmy Gilmer and The Fireballs. The remaining three tracks each reached the Hot 100's Top 5 with 	"Fingertips - Pt. 2" and "Louie Louie" each peaking at No. 2 while "Surfin' U.S.A." topped out at No. 3.

Rhino re-issued the album with a revised track lineup in 1993. Two tracks on the original 1988 release—"Fingertips" by "Little" Stevie Wonder and "Walk Like a Man" by The 4 Seasons—were replaced on the re-issue with "If You Wanna Be Happy" by Jimmy Soul and "Deep Purple" by Nino Tempo & April Stevens. Both of the replacement songs reached No. 1 on the Hot 100 chart.

The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on October 30, 1997.

The Fireballs
The Fireballs, sometimes billed as Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs, were an American rock and roll group, particularly popular at the end of the 1950s and in the early 1960s. The original line-up consisted of George Tomsco (lead guitar), Chuck Tharp (vocals), Stan Lark (bass), Eric Budd (drums), and Dan Trammell (rhythm guitar). Besides their own recordings, the Fireballs were studio musicians for dozens of other recording artist projects from 1959 through 1970 at Norman Petty Recording Studios, including folk singer Carolyn Hester and Arthur Alexander.
Kate Fairweather
Kate Fairweather (born 2 July 1975, in Subiaco, Western Australia) is an Australian Olympic archer. She was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.

Fairweather's older brother is archer Simon Fairweather.  Her father is Robert Fairweather, founder of the South Australian conservation charity Trees For Life. She won the Australian Junior Championships three times and was selected for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Her results were creditable, coming 22 out of 64 in the individual event and 9 out of 12 in the team event.  She retired from archery after the 2000 Games.

She is married to Stephan Schmidt and has two children.  She undertook a PhD at the Australian National University.

Subiaco, Western Australia
Subiaco (/ˌsuːbiˈækoʊ/ SOO-bee-AK-oh), known colloquially as Subi, is an inner-western suburb of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. It is approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Perth's central business district, in the City of Subiaco local government area. Historically a working-class suburb containing a mixture of industrial and commercial land uses, since the 1990s the area has been one of Australia's most celebrated urban redevelopment projects. It remains a predominantly low-rise, urban village neighbourhood centred around Subiaco train station and Rokeby Road.

The suburb has three schools: Subiaco Primary School, Perth Modern School, which is the state's only fully academically selective public school, and Bob Hawke College. Landmarks in Subiaco include Subiaco Oval, which formerly was the largest stadium in Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, and Subiaco railway station.
2020 PGA Tour Canada
The 2020 PGA Tour Canada, titled as the 2020 Mackenzie Tour-PGA Tour Canada for sponsorship reasons, was intended to be the 35th season of the Canadian Tour, and the eighth under the operation and running of the PGA Tour.

PGA Tour Canada
PGA Tour Canada, commonly referred to as the Canadian Tour, was a men's professional golf tour headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The United States–based PGA Tour took over operation of the tour on November 1, 2012, at which time it was renamed PGA Tour Canada. In 2015, Mackenzie Investments became the umbrella sponsor of the tour, branding it as the Mackenzie Tour-PGA Tour Canada.

PGA Tour Canada used to be one of three international PGA Tour-sanctioned tours, along with PGA Tour Latinoamérica and PGA Tour China (all now defunct). These tours provided access to the Korn Ferry Tour and are part of the path to the PGA Tour.

In April 2023, the PGA Tour announced that the 2023 PGA Tour Canada season would be the last, as from 2024 the tour would merge with PGA Tour Latinoamérica, creating PGA Tour Americas.
Patent Reform Act of 2007
The Patent Reform Act of 2007 (H.R. 1908, S. 1145) was a bill introduced in the 110th United States Congress to introduce changes in United States patent law. Democratic Congressman Howard Berman introduced the House of Representatives bill on April 18, 2007. Democratic Party Senator Patrick Leahy introduced the Senate bill on April 18, 2007.   The bill passed the house but died in the Senate.

The bills broadly resembled the proposed Patent Reform Act of 2005 which would have enacted many of the proposals recommended by a 2003 report by the Federal Trade Commission and a 2004 report by the National Academy of Sciences. Similar acts were introduced as the Patent Reform Act of 2009 in the 111th Congress and as the America Invents Act in the 112th.

Howard Berman
Howard Lawrence Berman (born April 15, 1941) is an American attorney and retired politician who served as a U.S. representative from California from 1983 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented the state's 26th congressional district until redistricting and the 28th congressional district—which both encompassed parts of the San Fernando Valley—for a combined 15 terms.
Bazenville Airfield
Bazenville Airfield is a former Second World War airfield, located 1.8 km east of Bazenville in the Lower Normandy region, France.  The B-2 Bazenville Advanced Landing Ground (ALG) was located only 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southwest from the Normandy Gold landing beach, and when it opened the frontline was only 9 kilometres (5.6 mi)  away.

Lower Normandy
Lower Normandy (French: Basse-Normandie, IPA: [bɑs nɔʁmɑ̃di, bas -] ⓘ; Norman: Basse-Normaundie) is a former administrative region of France. On 1 January 2016, Lower and Upper Normandy merged becoming one region called Normandy.
Rakhmetovo
Rakhmetovo (Russian: Рахметово; Bashkir: Рәхмәт, Räxmät) is a rural locality (a village) in Baimovsky Selsoviet, Abzelilovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 341 as of 2010. There are 10  streets.

Abzelilovsky District
Abzelilovsky District (Russian: Абзели́ловский райо́н; Bashkir: Әбйәлил районы, Äbyälil rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic, bordered by Chelyabinsk Oblast to the east. The area of the district is 4,288 square kilometers (1,656 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Askarovo. As of the 2021 Russian census, Abzelilovsky District has a population of 45,300.
Athena S.p.A.
Athena S.p.A. is an Italian manufacturing and distribution company headquartered in Alonte, Italy. Established in 1973 in Lonigo, the company operates in three main business areas: the design and manufacture of technical items such as gaskets, cylinders, and pistons for industrial applications, the mechanical and electronic spare parts production for motorcycles and cars, and the distribution of proprietary brands and third-party brands (such as Leatt, Troy Lee Designs, Ogio, Technomousse and Shokz) in Southern Europe.

Troy Lee Designs
Troy Lee Designs (TLD) is an American action sports apparel and custom paint company founded in 1981 and headquartered in Corona, California.  Troy Lee Designs is a privately held company run by the eponymous founder Troy Lee and co-owned by investment partners Fasthouse.

Troy Lee's products include dirtbike and mountain biking equipment (helmets, jerseys, gloves, pants),