hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Curule seat
A curule seat (Sella curulis) is a design of a (usually) foldable and transportable chair noted for its uses in Ancient Rome and Europe through to the 20th century. Its status in early Rome as a symbol of political or military power carried over to other civilizations, as it was also used in this capacity by kings in Europe, Napoleon, and others.

Prince Hamlet
Prince Hamlet is the title character and protagonist of William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet (1599–1601). He is the Prince of Denmark, nephew of the usurping Claudius, and son of King Hamlet, the previous King of Denmark. At the beginning of the play, he is conflicted whether, and how, to avenge the murder of his father, and struggles with his own sanity along the way. By the end of the tragedy, Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius, Laertes, Claudius, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, two acquaintances of his from childhood. He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia (drowning) and of his mother Gertrude (mistakenly poisoned by Claudius).
Lee Guber
Lee Guber (November 20, 1920 – March 27, 1988) was an American theater impresario, who produced several Broadway theatre productions and developed a chain of entertainment venues in suburban locations along the East Coast.

Impresario
An impresario (from Italian impresa 'an enterprise or undertaking') is a person who organizes and often finances concerts, plays, or operas, performing a role in stage arts that is similar to that of a film or television producer.
Gumball 3000
Gumball 3000 is a brand known for the annual Gumball 3000 Rally, an international celebrity motor rally that takes place on public roads. The brand was founded in 1999 by English entrepreneur Maximillion Cooper, with his vision to combine cars, music, fashion and popular culture.

Caprice Bourret
Caprice Comfort (née Bourret; born October 24, 1971), known mononymously as Caprice, is an American socialite and media personality. She is known as an original main cast member on the Bravo reality television series Ladies of London (2014).
45th Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)
The 45th Artillery Brigade named after General Myron Tarnavskyi (MUN A2943)  is an artillery brigade of Ukrainian Ground Forces, formed in 2016 as part of 11th Reserve Army Corps. The brigade was subsequently demobilized and only the skeletal crew remained. On 26 February 2022, the brigade was reactivated following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and was fully staffed by 28 February 2022. It has seen heavy combat during the Russo-Ukrainian war on multiple fronts. It is based in Yavoriv.

2022 Kherson counteroffensive
A military counteroffensive was launched by Ukraine on 29 August 2022 to expel Russian forces occupying the southern regions of Kherson and Mykolaiv oblasts.

Military analysts consider the counteroffensive to be the third strategic phase of the war in Ukraine, along with the concurrent eastern counteroffensive, after the initial invasion and the battle of Donbas.

After many strikes against Russian military targets, Ukraine announced the start of a full-scale counteroffensive on 29 August 2022. On 9 October, Ukraine said it recaptured 1,170 square kilometers of land. On 9 November, Russian troops were ordered to withdraw from Kherson, the only regional capital captured since the start of the invasion. Ukrainian forces liberated the city of Kherson two days later, on 11 November.
Tom Patrick Green
Thomas Patrick Green, Jr. (May 27, 1942 – September 3, 2012), known more commonly as Tom Green, was an American painter and professor. He taught at Corcoran College of Art and Design, for many years. Green is associated with the Washington Color School art movement.

Corcoran School of the Arts and Design
The Corcoran School of the Arts and Design (known as the Corcoran School or CSAD) is the professional art school of the George Washington University, in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1878, the school is housed in the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the oldest private cultural institution in Washington, located on The Ellipse, facing the White House. The Corcoran School is part of GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences and was formerly an independent college, until 2014.
Cuartel General del Cuerpo de Bomberos de Santiago
The Cuartel General del Cuerpo de Bomberos de Santiago is a building located at the corner of Santo Domingo and Paseo Puente streets, in Santiago, Chile. It was opened in 1895 and serves as headquarters for the Firefighters Corps of Santiago. It was declared as a National Historic Monument in 1983.

National monuments of Chile
The National Monuments of Chile (Spanish: Monumentos Nacionales de Chile [MN]) are those places and properties, moveable or fixed, protected by the State of Chile under the 1970 Law No. 17,288 for the protection of National Monuments. This protection is managed by the Council of National Monuments (Spanish: Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales [CMN]) owing to the historical, artistic, scientific or commemorative value of those properties designated as national monuments, which represent the country's cultural heritage.

There are five categories of national monuments:

Historical monuments

Typical (or picturesque) zones

Nature preserves

Archeological monuments

Public monuments
Mississippi Highway 603
Mississippi Highway 603 (MS 603) is a 25.0-mile-long (40.2 km) state highway in Hancock County, Mississippi. The highway generally runs north–south from its southern terminus at U.S. Route 90 (US 90) in Waveland through Bay St. Louis and Kiln to its northern terminus at MS 53 near Necaise. The road is maintained by the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT). MDOT and Mississippi's law code define MS 603's southern terminus as its intersection with MS 43 in Kiln. However, many maps such as Google Maps and MapQuest, and  local signage show the highway continuing farther south to Waveland.' The road that became MS 603 has existed since 1927, and the highway was designated in 1950. The highway was also partially paved, from Waveland to Kiln, in 1950 and was completely paved in 1957. An interchange was created at Interstate 10 (I-10) in 1960.

MapQuest
MapQuest (formerly stylized as mapquest) is an American free online web mapping service. It was launched in 1996 as the first commercial web mapping service. MapQuest's competitors include Apple Maps, Here (a Dutch mapping service company), and Google Maps.
Abhishek Porel
Abishek Porel (Bengali: অভিষেক পোড়েল) is an Indian cricketer. He plays for Delhi Capitals in the Indian Premier League and for Bengal in domestic cricket. He is a wicket-keeper batsman who bats left-handed.

Porel has played in sixteen first-class matches to the end of the 2022/23 season. He has dismissed 66 batters with 58 catches and eight stumped. He also played in fourteen T20s to October 2023 (five caught).

Bengal cricket team
The  Bengal cricket team is an Indian domestic cricket team representing the state of West Bengal. The team is based in Kolkata. It is administered by the Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB) and participates in tournaments organized by the Board of Control of Cricket in India (BCCI). The team competes in the First-class cricket competition known as the Ranji Trophy, the List A cricket Vijay Hazare Trophy, and the T20 competition Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy (SMAT).

They have been playing first-class cricket since 1935. Bengal have won the Ranji Trophy twice and been runners-up 13 times. They also play in the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy and the Vijay Hazare Trophy, both of which they have won once.

Several international cricketers have played for the team including Dilip Doshi, Sourav Ganguly, Deep Dasgupta, Mohammed Shami, Pankaj Roy, and Wriddhiman Saha.
Mahalingeshvara Temple, Santebachalli
The Mahalingeshvara Temple at Sante Bachalli village (also spelt "Mahalingesvara"), is a 12th-century Hoysala era construction in the Mandya district of Karnataka state, India. According to noted art historian Adam Hardy, the temple architecture comprises a single vimana (etakuta, one shrine with a superstructure) with closed mantapa ("hall") and the building material is Soap stone. The monument is protected by the Karnataka state division of Archaeological Survey of India.

Archaeological Survey of India
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an Indian government agency that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural historical monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham during the British Raj who also became its first Director-General.
PC-LISP
PC-LISP is an implementation of the Franz Lisp dialect by Peter Ashwood-Smith.

Version 2.07 was released on 1 February 1986, and version 3.00 was released on 1 February 1990. A current version is available through GitHub.

Currently, PC-LISP runs under 32 & 64 bit versions of Linux, Mac, Windows, and NetBSD. For NetBSD there also exists ports for AArch64, ARMv5/6/7, PowerPC, Motorola 68000, SPARC/SPARC64, Alpha and VAX.

Note that the Franz LISP dialect was the immediate, portable successor to the ITS version of Maclisp and is perhaps the closest thing to the LISP in the Steven Levy book Hackers as is practical to operate.

PC-LISP is written primarily in the C programming language, with some parts now also written in Common Lisp. Because PC-LISP implements Franz LISP, it is a dynamically scoped predecessor to modern Common Lisp.

VAX
VAX (an acronym for virtual address extension) is a series of computers featuring a 32-bit instruction set architecture (ISA) and virtual memory that was developed and sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the late 20th century. The VAX-11/780, introduced October 25, 1977, was the first of a range of popular and influential computers implementing the VAX ISA. The VAX family was a huge success for DEC, with the last members arriving in the early 1990s. The VAX was succeeded by the DEC Alpha, which included several features from VAX machines to make porting from the VAX easier.
Tkacz
Tkacz is a Polish occupational surname meaning "weaver". Notable people with this surname include:

Andrzej Tkacz (born 1946), Polish ice hockey player

Dawid Tkacz (born 2005), Polish footballer

Małgorzata Tkacz-Janik (born 1965), Polish feminist and politician

Nathaniel Tkacz, Swedish-Australian academic

Virlana Tkacz (born 1952), American theatre director

Wojciech Tkacz (born 1969), Polish ice hockey player

Małgorzata Tkacz-Janik
Małgorzata Tkacz-Janik (born 17 September 1965 in Zabrze) is a Polish feminist activist and politician. Together with Dariusz Szwed she led Poland's green party Greens 2004 between 2010 and 2011. Since November 2010 she has been a member of the regional parliament of Silesia.

Tkacz-Janik studied at the University of Silesia. In 2000 she received a Ph.D. in philology. Her thesis was titled Advertisement message as contemporary communication genre. She worked as academic teacher and freelance journalist.

In 2003, Tkacz-Janik was among founding members of Greens 2004 and since April 2010 has been co-leader of the party. In local elections in 2010 she won a seat in the regional parliament of Silesia. She ran on a Social Democratic ballot, following an official electoral agreement between the Greens and the Democratic Left Alliance.
Judenjagd
Judenjagd (German: “Hunt for Jews”) were German-conducted searches, beginning in 1942, for Jews who were in hiding in German-occupied Poland. The term was introduced by Christopher R. Browning. Targeted in the searches were Jews concealed among the Polish gentile population or in the forests—generally escapees from ghetto liquidations and from deportations to concentration camps.

Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany
Beginning with the invasion of Poland during World War II, the Nazi regime set up ghettos across German-occupied Eastern Europe in order to segregate and confine Jews, and sometimes Romani people, into small sections of towns and cities furthering their exploitation. In German documents, and signage at ghetto entrances, the Nazis usually referred to them as Jüdischer Wohnbezirk or Wohngebiet der Juden, both of which translate as the Jewish Quarter. There were several distinct types including open ghettos, closed ghettos, work, transit, and destruction ghettos, as defined by Holocaust historians. In a number of cases, they were the place of Jewish underground resistance against the German occupation, known collectively as the ghetto uprisings.
Uati Maposua
Uati Maposua (born 26 July 1976 in Apia) is a Samoan weightlifter. Maposua qualified for the Samoan squad in the men's middleweight class (77 kg) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens by receiving a continental berth from the Oceanian Weightlifting Championships, and was later appointed as the Samoan flag bearer by the National Olympic Committee in the opening ceremony. He successfully lifted 125 kg in the single-motion snatch, and hoisted 155 kg in the two-part, shoulder-to-overhead clean and jerk to deliver a twenty-first-place finish in a field of twenty-five weightlifters with a total of 280 kg. Maposua's official results were later upgraded to twentieth position when Russian weightlifter Oleg Perepetchenov has been stripped off his bronze medal by the International Olympic Committee, after he was tested positive for anabolic steroids.

Clean and jerk
The clean and jerk is a composite of two weightlifting movements, most often performed with a barbell: the clean and the jerk. During the clean, the lifter moves the barbell from the floor to a racked position across the deltoids, without resting fully on the clavicles. During the jerk, the lifter raises the barbell to a stationary position above the head, finishing with straight arms and legs, and the feet in the same plane as the torso and barbell.

Of the several variants of the lift, the most common is the Olympic clean and jerk, which, with the snatch, is included in Olympic weightlifting events. Clean and jerk is most commonly performed with a squat clean and a split jerk.
Crescas
Crescas (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈkɾeskəs], Hebrew: קרשקש) is a Judaeo-Catalan family name, prominent in the former Crown of Aragon. Crescas is a common name among Jews of southern France and Catalonia. There have been a number of  scholars and rabbis sharing that surname, including:

Abiathar Crescas, a 15th-century Jewish physician and astrologer, doctor to King John II of Aragon (1458–79)

Astruc Don Crescas

Meshullam ben Machir, Don Bonet Crescas de Lunel, French scholar who settled at Perpignan, where he died in 1306

Hasdai Crescas (c. 1340, Barcelona – 1410/1411), a Catalan Jewish philosopher, halakhist

Israel ben Joseph Halevi Crescas Caslari, known as "Crescas Caslari", an Aragonese-French Jewish physician and poet

Mordecai En Crescas of Orange

Don Crescas Vidal of Perpignan (fr)

Vidal de Caslar Crescas

Abiathar Crescas
Abiathar Crescas (Aragonese: [aβiaˈtaɾ ˈkɾeskas], Catalan pronunciation: [əβiəˈtaɾ ˈkɾeskəs]) was a 15th-century physician and astrologer from the Crown of Aragon (now part of Spain). He was head astrologer to King John II of Aragon, father of King Ferdinand of Aragon.

He could remove cataracts by a surgical procedure known as couching. In 1468 he restored the eyesight of King John in two simple operations, who was completely blind before the surgeries.

Crescas was a leader of Aragon's Jewish community.
Karina Bosak
Karina Anna Bosak (née Walinowicz; born 8 July 1988) is a Polish politician of the National Movement. She was elected member of the Sejm in the 2023 parliamentary election. Since 2014, she has worked as a lawyer at Ordo Iuris. In 2020, she married Krzysztof Bosak.

In the 2023 parliamentary elections, she ran from 2nd place on the Confederation's list in the suburban district (as a representative of the National Movement). She won a mandate as an MP of the 10th term with 21,217 votes, ahead of Janusz Korwin-Mikke, who ran from the 1st place. In the Sejm, she sat on the Constitutional Responsibility Committee and the Legislative Committee.

Ordo Iuris
Ordo Iuris (meaning "order of law"; full official name: Ordo Iuris Institute for Legal Culture; Polish: Fundacja Instytut na rzecz Kultury Prawnej Ordo Iuris) is an ultra-conservative Polish Catholic legal organization and think tank.
Namaygoosisagagun First Nation
Namaygoosisagagun First Nation is a non-status Ojibwa First Nation near Onamakawash Lake, on the northshore of Collins Lake, northwest of Lake Nipigon; the First Nation is applying for official band status and reserve lands through the Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.  The name "Namaygoosisagagun" comes from Namegosi-zaaga'igan, meaning "Trout Lake," which is the Aboriginal name for Collins Lake. Though Namaygoosisagagun First Nation have about 140 people registered, only about 30 people live in Collins Lake. Collins Lake may be accessed either by Via Rail's The Canadian or by airplane.

Via Rail
Via Rail Canada Inc. (reporting mark VIA) (/ˈviːə/), operating as Via Rail or Via (stylized as VIA Rail), is a Canadian Crown corporation that operates intercity passenger rail service in Canada.

As of December 2023, Via Rail operates 406 trains per week  across eight Canadian provinces and 12,500 kilometres (7,800 mi) of track, 97 percent of which is owned and maintained by other railway companies, mostly by Canadian National Railway (CN). Via Rail carried approximately 4.1 million passengers in 2023, 96 percent of which were along the Corridor routes connecting the major cities of the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, and had an on-time performance of 85.4 per cent. Attracting international tourism forms an important part of Via Rail's long distance trans-continental services.
Sense and respond
Sense and respond has been used in control theory for several decades, primarily in closed systems such as refineries where comparisons are made between measurements and desired values, and system settings are adjusted to narrow the gap between the two. Since  the early 1980s, sense and respond has also been used to describe the behavior of certain open systems.

Sense and respond is based on lean principles and follows URSLIMM:

U - understand customer value

R - remove waste

S - standardize

L - learn by doing

I - involve everyone

M - measure what matters

M - manage performance visually

The term "sense and respond" as a business concept was used in a 1992 American Management Association Management Review article by Stephan H. Haeckel.  It was developed by Haeckel at IBM’s Advanced Business Institute.

American Management Association
The American Management Association (AMA) is an American non-profit educational membership organization for the promotion of management, based in New York City. Besides its headquarters there, it has local head offices throughout the world.

It offers its members a wide range of training programs, seminars, conferences, studies, and publications, which cover topics as diverse as industrial or commercial management, artificial intelligence, communication, finance and accounting, human resources management, leadership, international management, marketing and sales.

As a corporate training and consulting group, it provides a variety of educational and management development services to businesses, government agencies, and individuals.
Ashok Kumar (Jammu and Kashmir politician)
Ashok Kumar (Hindi: अशोक कुमार; born 24 November 1958) was a Member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly for Ramban. He was elected in the 2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election and served one term. His political party is the Indian National Congress.

Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly (Dogri: 𑠑𑠢𑠹𑠢𑠰 𑠙𑠳 𑠊𑠧𑠹𑠢𑠮𑠤 𑠊𑠺𑠝𑠰𑠝 𑠀𑠩𑠳𑠷𑠠𑠥𑠮 (in Dogri)); (Kashmiri: جۆم تہٕ کٔشیٖر مَجلِسہِ قۄنوٗن سٲزی (in Perso-Arabic), 𑆘𑆾𑇌𑆩𑇀 𑆠 𑆑𑆯𑆵𑆫𑇀 𑆩𑆘𑇀𑆬𑆴𑆱𑇀-𑆅 𑆑𑇊𑆾𑇋𑆳𑆤𑆷𑆤𑇀 𑆱𑆃𑆘𑇊𑆵 (in Sharada)) is the unicameral legislature of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly is the legislative arm of the Government of Jammu and Kashmir. At present, it consists of 95 members, directly elected from 95 constituencies. The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner.

Prior to 2019, the State of Jammu and Kashmir had a bicameral legislature with a legislative assembly (lower house) and a legislative council (upper house). The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, passed by the Parliament of India in August 2019, replaced this with a unicameral legislature while also re-organising the state into a union territory. The current 13th assembly was elected in September and October 2024.
Abram S. Hewitt State Forest
Abram S. Hewitt State Forest is a 2,001 acres (8.10 km2) state forest in West Milford, Passaic County in northern New Jersey. The forest is centered on the northern portion of Bearfort Mountain between Greenwood Lake and Upper Greenwood Lake, which consists of an unusual conglomerate. Its forests are part of the Northeastern coastal forests ecoregion. It has a number of overlooks and colorful bedrock.  It is accessible only on foot, with trails including the Bearfort Trail, 3.0 miles (4.8 km) and white-blazed. Another trail is the  Quail trail, 2.4 miles (3.9 km) and orange-blazed. Another is the Ernest Walter trail, 1.9 miles (3.1 km) and yellow-blazed. Also, the 1.2 miles (1.9 km) State Line trail is blazed with blue on white. Lastly, the Appalachian Trail traverses the forest's northwest corner along its route. The Appalachian Trail is approximately 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long.

Passaic County, New Jersey
Passaic County (/pəˈseɪ.ɪk/ pə-SAY-ik or locally /pəˈseɪk/ pə-SAYK) is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey that is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the county was the state's eighth-most-populous county, with a population of 524,118, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 22,892 (+4.6%) from the 2010 census count of 501,226, which in turn reflected an increase of 12,177 (+2.5%) from the 489,049 counted in the 2000 census. The county is part of the North Jersey region of the state.

The most populous place in Passaic County is Paterson, the county seat, with 159,732 residents at the 2020 Census, more than 30% of the county's population, while West Milford covered 80.32 square miles (208.0 km2), the largest total area of any municipality and more than 40% of the county's area.
The Deserted Daughter
The Deserted Daughter is a 1795 comedy play by the British writer Thomas Holcroft.

The original Covent Garden cast included William Thomas Lewis as Cheveril, John Quick as Item, Alexander Pope as Mr Mordent, Joseph Shepherd Munden as Donald, George Davies Harley as Lennox, John Bernard as Grime, James Middleton as Clement, Isabella Mattocks as Mrs Sarsnet and Jane Pope as Lady Anne.

John Bernard (actor)
John Bernard (1756 in Portsmouth, England – 29 November 1828 in London) was an English actor and biographer. He was the author of Retrospections of the Stage (1830) and Retrospections of America, 1797-1811. He acted in a number of plays with Mary Ann Duff. His son, William Bayle Bernard, was a playwright and critic, and edited editions of his Retrospections.
Seijas
Seijas is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Álvaro Seijas (born 1998), Venezuelan baseball player

Antonio Seijas (born 1976), Spanish art historian, illustrator, photographer, painter, and author of comic books

Ernesto García Seijas (1941–2023), Argentine comics artist

Gabriel Seijas (born 1994), Argentine footballer

Luis Manuel Seijas (born 1986), Venezuelan footballer

Miguel Seijas (born 1930), Uruguayn rower

Rafael Seijas (fl. 1861–1898), Venezuelan politician

Álvaro Seijas
Álvaro Daniel Seijas (born October 10, 1998) is a Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher for the Guerreros de Lara of the Venezuelan Major League. He signed with the St. Louis Cardinals as an international free agent in 2015.