hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hyperolius riggenbachi
Hyperolius riggenbachi is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. Its common name is Riggenbach's reed frog. It is found on Bamenda Highlands and the Adamawa Plateau, western and central Cameroon, and Mambilla and Obudu Plateaus of eastern Nigeria.
Its natural habitats are wetlands and small wooded watercourses in montane grassland. This species is very common within its small range, but is threatened by habitat loss caused by agricultural activities, wood collection, and human settlement.

Obudu Plateau
Obudu Plateau is a plateau found on the Oshie Ridge of the Sankwala Mountain range, in Cross River State, in the southeast of Nigeria. The plateau is found in Obanliku local government area of the Cross River State. The plateau extends towards Nigeria's south eastern border. The Obudu Plateau is spread over an area of over 40 square miles (100 km2) and rises to about 5,200 ft (1,584 metres) above sea level. The plateau is a giant massif in its own right, and its peak reaches a height of about 1,716 metres (5,630 ft) above sea level. The plateau is a habitat of rare species of birds.
Hu Ruoyu
Lt. Gen. Hu Ruoyu (Chinese: 胡若愚; pinyin: Hú Ruòyú; Wade–Giles: Hu Jo-yü) (1894 – November 26, 1949) was governor of Yunnan in 1927.

Hu was born in Luoping, Yunnan, China. He participated in the uprising against the Qing Dynasty in 1911 as a student at Yunnan Military College and served as a regimental commander after graduation.

During the Warlord Era Hu was a member of the Yunnan clique, one of whose actions was to expel Yunnan Gov. Tang Jiyao from office. Together with Long Yun, Hu was appointed commander of the 39th Army.

He was a member of the chief staff of the Military Committee during World War II.

During the Chinese Civil War Hu fought with the 11th Army Corps against the Chinese Communists, and was killed in southeastern Guangxi in 1949.

Luoping County
Luoping County (Chinese: 罗平县; pinyin: Luópíng Xiàn) is located in Qujing City, in eastern Yunnan province, China. It borders Xingyi, Guizhou to the east, Xilin County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to the southeast, Shizong County to the southwest, and Luliang County, Qilin District and Fuyuan County, Yunnan to the northwest.

The county of Luoping in eastern Yunnan is noted for its springtime scenery, when its fields of canola (also known as rapeseed) plants are in full bloom,  surrounding the area's mountains with a blanket of golden flowers.

Located near where Yunnan meets Guizhou and Guangxi, Luoping is about 240 kilometers east of Kunming. Not unlike the terraced fields of Yuanyang in southern Yunnan, Luoping's canola fields attract many photographers.

The canola flowering lasts until late June. During this high travel season for the county regular buses leave from Kunming's bus stations on an almost hourly basis.
Hunt (2022 film)
Hunt (Korean: 헌트; RR: Heonteu) is a 2022 South Korean spy action thriller film directed by Lee Jung-jae in his feature directorial debut. It stars Lee and Jung Woo-sung as NIS agents Park Pyong-ho and Kim Jung-do, who begin to suspect each other while hunting down a hidden spy within their organization, as they become entangled in a high-stakes operation known as South Korea's first assassination mission. The cast also includes Jeon Hye-jin, Heo Sung-tae, and Go Youn-jung in her film debut.

The film had its world premiere at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival in the Midnight Screenings section on 19 May 2022, and was released theatrically in South Korea on 10 August 2022.

Jeon Hye-jin (actress, born 1976)
Jeon Hye-jin (Korean: 전혜진; born August 10, 1976) is a South Korean actress. She starred in Lee Joon-ik's historical drama The Throne (2015), for which she won a Blue Dragon Film Award for Best Supporting Actress.
Dino Di Carlo
Dino Di Carlo is the current Department Chair of Bioengineering as well as the Armond and Elena Hairapetian Chair in Engineering and Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles. He is a professor of Bioengineering and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.

He received his Ph.D. in bioengineering from University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco. He has been a faculty in the Department of Bioengineering at UCLA since 2008. His research focuses on Inertial Microfluidics and numerous other fields of biomedicine and biotechnology. He has also co-founded five companies biased on the research done in his lab at UCLA. In 2016, he was awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE).

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 8.9. PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, PNAS has been described by US local newspapers as "prestigious", "renowned" and "high impact".

PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.
Myrto Azina Chronides
Myrto Azina Chronides (1961-2021) was a Greek Cypriot writer. She was born in Nicosia and started writing at a young age. She studied at the Pancyprian Gymnasium, before going on to medical school. She also studied at the University of Bonn in Euskirchen and has worked in public health in Cyprus.

Azina Chronides published her first book Hemerologion when she was just fifteen years old. She won the EU Prize for Literature for To Peirama (The Experiment).

Euskirchen
Euskirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɔʏskɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Ripuarian: Öskerche) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the district Euskirchen. While Euskirchen resembles a modern shopping town, it also has a history dating back over 700 years, having been granted town status in 1302. As of December 2007, it had a population of 55,446.
Kala Chitta Range
Kala Chitta Range (Punjabi, Urdu: کالا چٹا Kālā Chiṭṭā) is a mountain range in the Attock District of Punjab, Pakistan. "Kala" and "Chitta" are Punjabi words, meaning "black" and "white", respectively. The range thrusts eastward across the Pothohar Plateau towards Rawalpindi.

Pakistan's Kuldana Formation is best known for its fossil Eocene mammals, including primitive cetaceans such as Pakicetus, Ambulocetus and Attockicetus. Kuldana mammals have been considered in different studies as coming from the early Lutetian (early Middle Eocene), late Ypresian (late early Eocene) or, more recently, encompassing much of Ypresian up to early Lutetian time (early part of the early Eocene to early Eocene medium).

Ypresian
In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between 56 and 48.07 Ma, is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the Lower Eocene (Early Eocene).
Valsalva maneuver
The Valsalva maneuver is performed by a forceful attempt of exhalation against a closed airway, usually done by closing one's mouth and pinching one's nose shut while expelling air, as if blowing up a balloon. Variations of the maneuver can be used either in medical examination as a test of cardiac function and autonomic nervous control of the heart (because the maneuver raises the pressure in the lungs), or to clear the ears and sinuses (that is, to equalize pressure between them) when ambient pressure changes, as in scuba diving, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, or air travel.

A modified version is done by expiring against a closed glottis. This will elicit the cardiovascular responses described below but will not force air into the Eustachian tubes.

EMedicine
eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base founded in 1996 by doctors Scott Plantz and Jonathan Adler, and computer engineers Joanne Berezin and Jeffrey Berezin. The eMedicine website consists of approximately 6,800 medical topic review articles, each of which is associated with a clinical subspecialty "textbook".  The knowledge base includes over 25,000 clinically multimedia files.

Each article is authored by board certified specialists in the subspecialty to which the article belongs and undergoes three levels of physician peer-review, plus review by a Doctor of Pharmacy. The article's authors are identified with their current faculty appointments.  Each article is updated yearly, or more frequently as changes in practice occur, and the date is published on the article.  eMedicine.com was sold to WebMD in January, 2006 and is available as the Medscape Reference.
Cameron Turner
Cam Turner (born July 29, 1987) is an American football coach who is the quarterbacks coach for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as an assistant coach for the Carolina Panthers and Minnesota Vikings.

FIU Panthers football
FIU Panthers football program represents Florida International University (FIU) in the sport of American football. The Panthers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the East Division of Conference USA (CUSA). The Panthers' head coach is Willie Simmons. FIU has produced a Sun Belt Conference co-championship team in 2010, along with 3 postseason bowl appearances. The Panthers play their home games at Pitbull Stadium, which has a seating capacity of 20,000.
Ervin Harold Schulz
Ervin Harold Schulz (April 21, 1911 – February 25, 1978) was an American newspaper editor, businessman, and politician.

Schulz was born in Mankato, Blue Earth, Minnesota. He lived in Saint Paul, Minnesota and went to the Saint Paul Mechanic Arts High School in Saint Paul. Schulz also sent to Macalester College in Saint Paul. Schulz was the editor and publisher of the West End Call Community Newspaper and was also involved in the insurance business. Schulz served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1939 to 1942.

Macalester College
Macalester College (/məˈkælɪstər/ mə-KAL-iss-tər) is a private liberal arts college in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1874, Macalester is exclusively an undergraduate institution with an enrollment of 2,068 students in the fall of 2025. The college has Scottish and Presbyterian roots and emphasizes internationalism and multiculturalism.

In 2023, the college offered 39 majors, 40 minors, and 11 concentrations. Students also have the option to design their own major. Macalester's sports teams compete in the NCAA Division III-level Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. The college's 60-acre main campus is bordered by Summit Avenue to the north and St. Clair Avenue to the south. The 300-acre Ordway Field Station, a nature reserve and research station, is on the outskirts of the Twin Cities, along the Mississippi River.
Prestongrange Museum
Prestongrange Museum is an industrial heritage museum at Prestongrange between Musselburgh and Prestonpans on the B1348 on the East Lothian coast, Scotland. Founded as the original site of the National Mining Museum, its operation reverted to East Lothian Council Museum Service (the current operators) in 1992.

Cornish engine
A Cornish engine is a type of steam engine developed in Cornwall, England, mainly for pumping water from a mine.  It is a form of beam engine that uses steam at a higher pressure than the earlier engines designed by James Watt.  The engines were also used for powering man engines to assist the underground miners' journeys to and from their working levels, for winching materials into and out of the mine, and for powering on-site ore stamping machinery.
Tin Soldier (song)
"Tin Soldier" is a song released by the English rock band Small Faces on 2 December 1967, written by Steve Marriott (credited to Marriott/Lane). The song peaked at number nine in the UK singles chart and number 38 in Canada. It has since been covered by many other notable rock artists.

Transatlantic (band)
Transatlantic were a multinational progressive rock supergroup consisting of Neal Morse (ex–Spock's Beard), Roine Stolt (Kaipa, the Flower Kings), Pete Trewavas (Marillion, Edison's Children) and Mike Portnoy (Dream Theater).  They formed in 1999 as a side project to their full-time bands, but disbanded in 2002. They then reunited in 2009, and then disbanded again in 2022.

Despite not being an official member and only appearing on one studio album, Daniel Gildenlöw (Pain of Salvation) has often joined the band during live shows. However, due to illness, Ted Leonard stood in for him during the 2014 tour. Leonard also joined the band during the 2022 tour.
Heaven (1998 film)
Heaven is a 1998 New Zealand-American psychological thriller film written and directed by Scott Reynolds. The story is based on the 1994 novel of the same name by Chad Taylor.

The film stars Martin Donovan as a struggling architect entangled in a web of divorce, gambling addiction, and clairvoyant visions. It was produced by New Zealand-based Midnight Film Productions, with substantial funding from U.S. studio Miramax Films. Filming occurred in Auckland, New Zealand, using a mix of American actors and local actors.

Miramax
Miramax, LLC, formerly known as Miramax Films, is an American film and television production and distribution company owned by Qatari state-owned beIN Media Group and Paramount Pictures. Based in Los Angeles, California, it was founded in 1979, by brothers Harvey and Bob Weinstein.

Miramax was a leading producer and distributor of independent films until it was acquired by The Walt Disney Company on June 30, 1993. In 2010, Disney sold Miramax to Filmyard Holdings, a joint venture of Colony NorthStar, Tutor-Saliba Corporation and Qatar Investment Authority. In March 2016, Miramax was sold to beIN Media Group, which later sold a 49% stake to ViacomCBS (now known as Paramount Skydance) on April 3, 2020.
Sidi
Sidi or Sayidi, also Sayyidi and Sayeedi, (Arabic: سيدي, romanized: Sayyīdī, Sīdī (dialectal) "milord") is an Arabic masculine title of respect. Sidi is used often to mean "saint" or "my master" in Maghrebi Arabic  and Egyptian Arabic. Without the 
first person possessive object pronoun -ī (ي-), the word is used similarly in other dialects, in which case it would be the equivalent to modern popular usage of the English Mr. It is also used in dialects such as Eastern Arabic, as well as by Muslims of the Indian subcontinent in the Urdu language where, however, it does not have as much currency as Sayyid (same spelling: سيد), Janab or Sahib.

Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with style and customs.

Typically, honorifics are used as a style in the grammatical third person, and as a form of address in the second person. Some languages have anti-honorific (despective or humilific) first person forms (expressions such as "your most humble servant" or "this unworthy person") whose effect is to enhance the relative honor accorded to the person addressed.
Housedon Hill
Housedon Hill is a hill on the northwestern edge of the Cheviot Hills in Northumberland, England. It is the northernmost Marilyn in England, the summit lying only about 4 miles (7 km) from the Scottish border, which runs to the north and west.

It has an elevation of 268 m (879 ft) and a prominence of 184 m (604 ft) and is a Marilyn and a Clem.

The hill lies just outside the boundary of the Northumberland National Park. Previously there was no legal right of access to the hill. This has now changed, as the western side of the hill up to the summit is designated 'access land' under the terms of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000. The simplest route of ascent starts from Housedonhaugh on the southwest flank of the hill, utilising the new access rights. The northwestern side of the Housedon Hill is cloaked in forestry plantations.

Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) is the relative height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak (if any) is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
Bufenadrine
Bufenadrine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code name B.S. 6534), also known as 2-tert-butyldiphenhydramine, is a drug described as an antiemetic, antihistamine, anticholinergic, and antiparkinsonian agent which was never marketed. It is the 2-tert-butyl analogue of diphenhydramine. The drug was found to produce stereoselective hepatotoxicity in animals and this led to the discontinuation of its development. Bufenadrine was first described in the literature by 1967. Its INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name suffix "-drine" is generally for sympathomimetics but bufenadrine itself is not actually a sympathomimetic or related agent.

Management of Parkinson's disease
In the management of Parkinson's disease, due to the chronic nature of Parkinson's disease (PD), a broad-based program is needed that includes patient and family education, support-group services, general wellness maintenance, exercise, and nutrition. At present, no cure for the disease is known, but medications or surgery can provide relief from the symptoms.

While many medications treat Parkinson's, none actually reverses the effects of the disease. Furthermore, the gold-standard treatment varies with the disease state. People with Parkinson's, therefore, often must take a variety of medications to manage the disease's symptoms. Several medications currently in development seek to better address motor fluctuations and nonmotor symptoms of PD. However, none is yet on the market with specific approval to treat Parkinson's.
Leucadendron salicifolium
Leucadendron salicifolium, the common stream conebush, is a flower-bearing shrub belonging to the genus Leucadendron and forms part of the fynbos. The plant is native to the Western Cape where it occurs from Porterville to Kogelberg and Langeberg.

Langeberg
The Langeberg Range is a mountain range in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Its highest peak is Keeromsberg at 2,072 m that lies 15 km northeast of the town of Worcester. Some of the highest peaks of the range are located just to the north of Swellendam, in a subrange known as the Clock Peaks whose highest point is the 1,710 m high Misty Point. Local lore states one can tell the time by means of the shadows cast by the seven summits of the Clock Peaks.
Clark T. Hinman
Clark Titus Hinman (August 3, 1819 – October 21, 1854) was an American academic administrator and Methodist minister. He was the first president of Northwestern University and the second president of Albion College. Hinman was also one of the founders of the Eclectic Society.

Newbury (town), Vermont
Newbury is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States. The population was 2,293 at the 2020 census. Newbury includes the villages of Newbury, Center Newbury, West Newbury, South Newbury, Boltonville, Peach Four Corners, and Wells River.
Column 88
Column 88 was a neo-Nazi paramilitary organisation based in the United Kingdom. It was formed in the early 1970s, and disbanded in the early 1980s. The members of Column 88 undertook military training under the supervision of a former Royal Marine Commando, and also held regular gatherings attended by neo-Nazis from all over Europe. The name is code: the eighth letter of the alphabet 'HH' represents the Nazi greeting 'Heil Hitler'. Journalist Martin Walker described Column 88 as a "shadow paramilitary Nazi group".

Martin Walker (reporter)
Martin Walker (born 1947) is the author of the popular Bruno detective series. After working at The Guardian from 1971 to 1999, Walker joined United Press International (UPI) in 2000 as an international correspondent in Washington, D.C., and is now editor-in-chief emeritus of UPI. He was a member of A.T. Kearney's Global Business Policy Council.
Hirth (surname)
Hirth is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Friedrich Hirth Ph.D. (1845–1927), German-American sinologist

Georg Hirth (1841–1916), German writer, journalist and publisher

Greg Hirth (born 1963), American geophysicist

Hellmuth Hirth (1886–1938), German engineer who founded the Mahle GmbH and Hirth companies

John Joseph Hirth (1854–1931), Catholic Bishop in German East Africa

Wolf Hirth (1900–1959), German gliding pioneer and sailplane designer

Wolf Hirth
Wolfram Kurt Erhard Hirth (28 February 1900 – 25 July 1959) was a German gliding pioneer and sailplane designer. He was a co-founder of Schempp-Hirth, still a renowned glider manufacturer.

Hirth was born in Stuttgart, the son of an engineer and tool-maker. He was the younger brother of Hellmuth, who founded the famous Hirth aircraft engine manufacturing company.
2009 Seniors Torneo Godó
The 2009 Seniors Torneo Godó was the fourth edition of the Seniors Torneo Godó and it took place from April 15–19, 2009.

Tie-breaks were used for the first two sets of each match, which was the best of three sets. If the score was tied at one set all, a "champions tie break" (the first player to win at least 10 points or by a margin of two points) would be used.

Marcelo Ríos was the defending champion, but did not compete this year to focus on an exhibition match against Andy Roddick.

Félix Mantilla won the title by defeating Albert Costa 6–4, 6–1 in the final. Magnus Gustafsson took the third place.

Félix Mantilla (tennis)
Félix Mantilla Botella (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈfeliɣs manˈtiʎa βoˈteʎa]; Catalan: Fèlix Mantilla Botella, pronounced [ˈfɛliɡz mənˈtiʎə βuˈteʎə]; born 23 September 1974) is a Spanish tennis coach and a former professional player. In common with many of his fellow countrymen, Mantilla's best surface is clay. While not as successful away from the clay, Mantilla also produced good hardcourt results. Mantilla's best stroke was his single-handed backhand and he was known for his baseline consistency from both sides and high endurance levels. He reached the semi-finals of the 1998 French Open, won the 2003 Rome Masters, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 10.