hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Real-time operating system
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. A RTOS mainly targets resource constrained devices like microcontrollers. It is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which manages the sharing of system resources with a scheduler, data buffers, or fixed task prioritization in multitasking or multiprogramming environments. All operations must verifiably complete within given time and resource constraints or else the RTOS will fail safe. Real-time operating systems are event-driven and preemptive, meaning the OS can monitor the relevant priority of competing tasks, and make changes to the task priority.

Priority inversion
In computer science, priority inversion is a scenario in scheduling in which a high-priority task is indirectly superseded by a lower-priority task, effectively inverting the assigned priorities of the tasks. This violates the priority model that high-priority tasks can only be prevented from running by higher-priority tasks. Inversion occurs when there is a resource contention with a low-priority task that is then preempted by a medium-priority task.
Stinking River
The Stinking River is a short tributary of the Banister River in southern Virginia in the United States.  Via the Banister and Dan Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Roanoke River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean.  The Stinking River flows for its entire length in Pittsylvania County.

Pittsylvania County, Virginia
Pittsylvania County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 60,501. The county seat is Chatham.

Pittsylvania County is included in the Danville, VA Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The largest undeveloped uranium deposit in the United States (seventh largest in the world) is located in Pittsylvania County. (see Uranium mining in Virginia.)
John Stewart (New South Wales colonial politician)
John Stewart (1 October 1810 – 30 July 1896) was an English-born Australian politician.

He was born in Northumberland to estate agent Malcolm Stewart and Elizabeth Scott. He graduated from the Royal Veterinary College at Edinburgh in 1827 and was a professor at the Andersonian University in Glasgow from 1834 to 1840. In 1841 he migrated to Sydney, where he married Sarah Pringle on 1 November 1842; they had four children. He established a practice which he ran until 1852, when he retired to Keira Vale. He moved back to Sydney in 1866, when he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Illawarra. Defeated in 1869, he was returned for Kiama in 1871, serving until his defeat in 1874. In 1879 he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council. He resumed veterinary practice in 1882. He left the Legislative Council in 1895 and died at Summer Hill the following year.

Electoral district of Illawarra
Illawarra was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It was located in the Illawarra area and originally created in 1859, replacing East Camden. It was replaced by Wollongong in 1904 and recreated in 1927. In 1968, it was abolished and partly replaced by Kembla. In 1971, Kembla was abolished and Illawarra was recreated. In 2007, it was abolished and replaced by Shellharbour.
Paulista-Pernambucanas (São Paulo Metro)
Paulista-Pernambucanas is a metro station on Line 4-Yellow of the São Paulo Metro, operated by ViaQuatro, and it's located in the Consolação district. It has free connection with Consolação station of Line 2-Green, operated by São Paulo Metro. The station was renamed after a naming rights contract was signed between ViaQuatro and retail store company Pernambucanas in April 2023.

Line 2 (São Paulo Metro)
Line 2 (Green) (Portuguese: Linha 2–Verde) is one of the six lines that make up the São Paulo Metro, and one of the thirteen lines that make up the Metropolitan Rail Transportation Network. It currently runs between the Vila Madalena and Vila Prudente stations. The line is also called, and was originally known as, the Paulista Line, because it goes along much of the Avenida Paulista, one of the leading financial centers in São Paulo. Despite being the second line to be planned, it was the third to be built—the second line built was actually Line 3 (Red). This line connects the West and South-East regions.
Cuba–Haiti relations
Cuba–Haiti relations refer to the bilateral relations between Cuba and Haiti. Cuba has an embassy in Port-au-Prince and Haiti has an embassy in Havana. Spanish is the principal language of Cuba while Haiti spoke French and Haitian Creole primarily, as Cuba and Haiti have a significant African heritage. Both islands experienced a massive influx of enslaved Africans during the French and Spanish colonial era, contributing significantly to their demographics.

Afro-Cubans
Afro-Cubans (Spanish: Afrocubano) or Black Cubans are citizens of Cuba who have ancestry from any of the Black racial groups originating from Africa. The term Afro-Cuban can also refer to historical or cultural elements in Cuba associated with this community, and the combining of native African and other cultural elements found in Cuban society, such as race, religion, music, language, the arts and class culture.
Pan Beck Fen
Pan Beck Fen  is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in North Yorkshire, England. It is located 0.6 miles (1 km) southwest of the village of Hellifield. This protected area has fen and wetland habitats near to a stream called Pan Beck that is a tributary of the River Ribble. This area is protected because of the diversity of plant species present.

This protected area is 220 yards (200 m) away from Hellifield sewage treatment works that discharges into Pan Beck.

River Ribble
The River Ribble runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire in Northern England. It starts close to the Ribblehead Viaduct in North Yorkshire, and is one of the few that start in the Yorkshire Dales and flow westwards towards the Irish Sea (the Dee in Dentdale and the Twiss in Kingsdale being notable others).
Bust of Cardinal Richelieu
The Bust of Cardinal Richelieu is a marble sculpture by the Italian sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini, situated at the Louvre in Paris.

Richelieu had hoped to commission Bernini to make a full-length sculpture, through his friend Jules Mazarin and the French ambassador in Rome François Annibal d'Estrées, but Pope Urban VIII would not permit it, so the sculpture became a bust, sculpted by Bernini between November 1640 and January 1641.  He worked from images of Cardinal Richelieu that had been sent to Rome from France.

Once completed, the bust was transported to Paris.

The bust arrived in Paris in August 1640, but Richelieu was not happy with the work, quickly commissioning another bust by Jean Warin.

Pope Urban VIII
Pope Urban VIII (Latin: Urbanus VIII; Italian: Urbano VIII; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), born Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death, in July 1644. As pope, he expanded the papal territory by force of arms and advantageous politicking, and was also a prominent patron of the arts, commissioning works from artists like Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and a reformer of Church missions. His papacy also covered 21 years of the Thirty Years' War.

The massive debts incurred during his pontificate greatly weakened his successors, who were unable to maintain the papacy's longstanding political and military influence in Europe. He was also an opponent of Copernicanism and was involved in the Galileo affair, which saw the astronomer tried for heresy. He is the last pope to date to take the papal name Urban.
Brittan
Brittan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Colin Brittan (1927–2013), English footballer

Harold Brittan (1894–1964), English-American football (soccer) player

Harriet G. Brittan (1822–1897), British-born American missionary

Leon Brittan (1939–2015), British baron Brittan of Spennithorne, barrister, and politician

Samuel Brittan (1933–2020), British newspaper columnist and author

Suzan Brittan (contemporary), American actress and singer

Harold Brittan
Harold Pemberton Brittan (11 November 1894 – 3 May 1959) was an American-English soccer center forward. He began his career in England with Chelsea before moving to the United States. In the U.S. he was a prolific goalscorer with the powerhouse Bethlehem Steel, Philadelphia Field Club and Fall River clubs in the National Association Football League and American Soccer League. He was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1951.
African D
African D (Ɖ, ɖ) is a Latin letter representing the voiced retroflex plosive [ɖ]. It is a part of the African reference alphabet. It is mainly used by African languages such as Ewe, Fon, Aja, and Bassa. The African D should not be confused with either the eth (Ð, ð) of Icelandic, Faroese and Old English or with the D with stroke (Đ, đ) of Vietnamese, Serbo-Croatian and Sami languages. However, the upper-case forms of these letters tend to look the same.

The lower-case variant (ɖ, known as retroflex D, D with tail, or D with retroflex hook) is used to represent the voiced retroflex plosive in the International Phonetic Alphabet (but in the transcription of the languages of India, the same sound may be represented by a d with dot below: ḍ).

Adja language
The Aja language is a Gbe language spoken by the Aja people of Benin, Togo, Ghana, Nigeria and Gabon.
In Gabon, they are mostly migrants.

it is closely related to other  Gbe languages such as Ewe, Mina, Fon, and Phla Phera. Adja is the mother tribe from which the other Gbe people are descended.
Dihmit South
Dihmit South is an Ancient Egyptian amethyst, gold, and possibly copper mine and fortified mining settlement dating to the Middle Kingdom. It is about 50 km south of Aswan. Dihmit South is a part of four Middle Kingdom mines discovered east of Lake Nasser in 2014. The settlement was found with pottery associated with the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt, as well as hieroglyphic inscriptions, one of which is dated to year 31 of Senusret I.

Amethyst
Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. Ancient Greeks wore amethyst and carved drinking vessels from it in the belief that it would prevent intoxication. Amethyst, a semiprecious stone, is often used in jewelry. It occurs mostly in association with calcite, quartz, smoky quartz, hematite, pyrite, fluorite, goethite, agate, and chalcedony.
Gallagher–Hollander degradation
In the Gallagher–Hollander degradation (1946) pyruvic acid is removed from a linear aliphatic carboxylic acid yielding a new acid with two carbon atoms fewer. The original publication concerns the conversion of bile acid in a series of reactions: acid chloride (2) formation with thionyl chloride, diazoketone formation (3) with diazomethane, chloromethyl ketone formation (4) with hydrochloric acid, organic reduction of chlorine to methylketone (5), ketone halogenation to 6, elimination reaction with pyridine to enone 7 and finally oxidation with chromium trioxide to bisnorcholanic acid 8.

Chromium trioxide
Chromium trioxide (also known as chromium(VI) oxide or chromic anhydride) is the inorganic compound with the formula CrO3. It is the acidic anhydride of chromic acid, and is sometimes marketed under the same name.

This compound is a dark-purple solid. Millions of kilograms are produced annually, mainly for electroplating. Chromium trioxide is a powerful oxidiser, a mutagen, and a carcinogen.
Calcaire de Valognes
The Calcaire de Valognes is an Early Jurassic (Hettangian) geologic formation in France. Dinosaur remains diagnostic to the genus level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the Middle Jurassic 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.

Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "Lias" and that name was used for the period, as well, in 19th-century geology. In southern Germany rocks of this age are called Black Jurassic.
Outremont High School
Outremont High School was a high school in the Montreal suburb of Outremont, operated by the Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal. The school was located at 500 Boulevard Dollard and opened in 1955. The building is now an adult education centre.

Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal
The Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal (PSBGM, Commission des écoles protestantes du Grand Montréal, CEPGM) was a Protestant and predominantly English-language school district in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
which was founded in 1951 as a replacement for the Montreal Protestant Central Board, and ceased operations in 1998, with most of its assets transferred to the new English Montreal School Board. Quebec's Protestant school boards served all non Catholics, so that the city's Jewish students generally attended schools operated by the PSBGM.

The PSBGM's headquarters was located at 6000 Fielding Avenue in Montreal, which is now the headquarters for the English Montreal School Board.
Padma (politician)
Dr. Padma (born 5 January 1945 in Uppiliapuram, Trichinopoly District) is an Indian medical doctor and politician. She is the daughter of M. Sengamalam, married C. Nammalvar in 1966. She obtained a M.B.B.S. degree from Thanjavur Medical College.

Dr. Padma was the second woman to be elected to the Lok Sabha from the central districts of Tamil Nadu since independence, when she won the Nagapattinam Lok Sabha constituency in the 1991 Indian general election for the INC, defeating the CPI candidate, M. Selvarasu, with 49.71% of the vote vs 45.8%. She also won the Nannilam Assembly constituency seat in the 1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election as the Tamil Maanila Congress candidate, defeating AIADMK's Dr. K. Gopal, 61.37% to 28.31%.

1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The eleventh legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 2 May 1996 to elect members from 234 constituencies for the state legislature. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) led front won the election securing 221 seats in the 234 seat Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, and its leader M. Karunanidhi, became the chief minister.

In the tenth Tamil Nadu assembly, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) held the majority with its leader J. Jayalalithaa as the chief minister. The elections resulted in a landslide defeat for the incumbent government, with the AIADMK winning only four seats. Outgoing chief minister Jayalalithaa lost the election from the Bargur, and became the first incumbent chief minister since M. Bakthavatsalam in 1967 to lose the elections.
USCGC Wyaconda
USCGC Wyaconda is a Gasconade-class 75-foot (23 m) river buoy tender that was commissioned 30 May 1965 at Leavenworth, Kansas. Wyaconda was the first of four Gasconade-class buoy tenders built by Maxon Construction Co. of Tell City, Indiana. She has been homeported at Dubuque, Iowa since June 1973. Her areas of responsibility are the upper Mississippi River from Clinton, Iowa to Minneapolis, Minnesota; Minnesota River from St. Paul, Minnesota to Shakopee, Minnesota; and St. Croix River from Prescott, Wisconsin to Stillwater, Minnesota.

Clinton, Iowa
Clinton is a city in and the county seat of Clinton County, Iowa, United States. It borders the Mississippi River. The population was 24,469 as of 2020.

Clinton, along with DeWitt (also located in Clinton County), was named in honor of the sixth governor of New York, DeWitt Clinton. Incorporated on January 26, 1857, Clinton is the principal city of the Clinton Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is coterminous with Clinton County.
Atcheson
Atcheson is a surname of Anglo-Scottish origin. Notable people with this surname:

G. Gordon Atcheson (born 1954), American judge

George Atcheson Jr. (1896–1947), American diplomat to Japan after World War II, Chairman of the Allied Council for Japan

Nathaniel Atcheson (1772–1825), English ship-owner

Paul Atcheson (born 1973), English rugby league footballer

Randall Atcheson (born 1951), American concert pianist

Sheree Atcheson (born 1991), Sri Lankan-Irish computer scientist

Tom Atcheson (born 2006), Northern Irish footballer

William Atcheson Stewart (1915–1990), Canadian politician

William Atcheson Traill (1844–1933), Irish engineer

Tom Atcheson
Tom Joseph Atcheson (born 22 September 2006) is a Northern Irish professional footballer who plays as a defender for EFL Championship club Blackburn Rovers. He is a Northern Ireland youth international.
Ryan McCabe
Donald Ryan McCabe, Jr. is an American attorney and politician. He is a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 96th District, serving since 2020. He is a member of the Republican party.

McCabe is a member of the South Carolina Freedom Caucus.  He also serves on the House Agriculture, Natural Resources & Environmental Affairs and the Regulations and Administrative Procedures Committees.

McCabe has a ranking of #1 by the American Conservative Union.

American Conservative Union
The American Conservative Union (ACU) is an American political organization that advocates for conservative policies, ranks politicians based on their level of conservatism, and organizes the Conservative Political Action Conference. Founded on December 18, 1964, it calls itself the oldest ongoing conservative lobbying organization in the U.S. The ACU is concerned with issues such as personal liberty or freedom, and traditional values, which they define as foundations of conservatism.
Kegelite
Kegelite is a complex silicate mineral with formula Pb8Al4Si8O20(SO4)2(CO3)4(OH)8.

It was first described in 1975 for an occurrence in the Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Otjikoto Region, Namibia and named for Friedrich Wilhelm Kegel (1874–1948), Director of mining operations at Tsumeb.
It occurs in a deeply oxidized polymetallic ore deposits in Tsumeb. Associated minerals include quartz, galena, mimetite, hematite, leadhillite, anglesite, fleischerite, melanotekite and alamosite. It has also been reported from the Zeehan district in Tasmania and from Tune, Sarpsborg, Østfold, Norway.

Tsumeb
Tsumeb (Otjiherero: Okavisume; Khoekhoe: ǂAixorobes) is a town of around 35,000 inhabitants and the largest town and the former capital of the Oshikoto region in northern Namibia.

Tsumeb, since its founding in 1905, has been primarily a mining town. The town is the site of a deep mine (the lower workings now closed) whose ore deposits with respect to variety, rarity and aesthetics of minerals have been listed among 100 geological heritage sites around the world by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).
Château de la Faye (Saint-Sulpice-de-Mareuil)
The Château de la Faye in Saint-Sulpice-de-Mareuil, France, is an 18th-century French château built by the enlargement of a 16th-century structure, in Saint-Sulpice-de-Mareuil in the Dordogne département, France.

Dordogne
Dordogne (UK: /dɔːrˈdɔɪn/ dor-DOYN, US: /dɔːrˈdoʊn/ dor-DOHN or /dɔːrˈdɔːnjə/ dor-DAWN-yə; French: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha [duɾˈduɲɔ]) is a large rural department in southwest France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region roughly half-way between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees, it is named after the river Dordogne, which runs through it. It corresponds roughly to the ancient county of Périgord. In January 2023, Dordogne had a population of 412,807.
Popover
A popover is a light American pastry made from an egg batter similar to that of Yorkshire pudding, typically baked in muffin tins or dedicated popover pans, which have straight-walled sides rather than angled.

Popovers may be served either sweet, topped with fruit and cream/or jelly for breakfast; or savory at afternoon tea with cold cuts.

Eggs as food
Humans and other hominids have consumed eggs for millions of years. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especially chickens. People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. Eggs of other birds, such as ducks and ostriches, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar.

Hens and other egg-laying creatures are raised throughout the world, and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. In 2012, the European Union banned battery husbandry of chickens.
Grotte de Gabillou
The Grotte de Gabillou also known as Grotte de las Agnelas is a cave in France in which prehistoric ornaments stemming from the Paleolithic period exist. It is situated in the commune of Sourzac in the department of Dordogne, Nouvelle Aquitaine and is a private property. Its sediments are from the Maastrichtian era.

Dordogne
Dordogne (UK: /dɔːrˈdɔɪn/ dor-DOYN, US: /dɔːrˈdoʊn/ dor-DOHN or /dɔːrˈdɔːnjə/ dor-DAWN-yə; French: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha [duɾˈduɲɔ]) is a large rural department in southwest France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region roughly half-way between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees, it is named after the river Dordogne, which runs through it. It corresponds roughly to the ancient county of Périgord. In January 2023, Dordogne had a population of 412,807.
Nipocalimab
Nipocalimab, sold under the brand name Imaavy, is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis. It is a neonatal Fc receptor blocker. It is a high affinity, fully human, aglycosylated, effectorless immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-FcRn monoclonal antibody.

Nipocalimab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), thereby decreasing the levels of circulating IgG, including pathogenic IgG autoantibodies.

Nipocalimab was approved for medical use in the United States in April 2025, and in the European Union in November 2025.

Neonatal fragment crystallizable receptor
The neonatal fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor (also FcRn, IgG receptor FcRn large subunit p51, or Brambell receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCGRT gene. It is an IgG Fc receptor which is similar in structure to the MHC class I molecule and also associates with beta-2-microglobulin.  In rodents, FcRn was originally identified as the receptor that transports maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) from mother to neonatal offspring via mother's milk, leading to its name as the neonatal Fc receptor. In humans, FcRn is present in the placenta where it transports mother's IgG to the growing fetus. FcRn has also been shown to play a role in regulating IgG and serum albumin turnover. Neonatal Fc receptor expression is up-regulated by the proinflammatory cytokine, TNF, and down-regulated by IFN-γ.