hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hornbook
A hornbook (horn-book) is a single-sided alphabet tablet, which served from medieval times as a primer for study, and sometimes included vowel combinations, numerals or short verse. The hornbook was in common use in England around 1450, but may have originated more than a century earlier. The term (hornbook) has been applied to different study materials in different fields but owes its origin to children's education, represented by a sheet of vellum or paper displaying the alphabet, religious verse, etc., protected with a translucent covering of horn (or mica) and attached to a frame provided with a handle.

Mica
Micas (/ˈmaɪkəz/ MY-kəz) are a group of silicate minerals whose outstanding physical characteristic is that individual mica crystals can easily be split into fragile elastic plates. This characteristic is described as perfect basal cleavage. Mica is common in igneous and metamorphic rock and is occasionally found as small flakes in sedimentary rock. It is particularly prominent in many granites, pegmatites, and schists, and "books" (large individual crystals) of mica several feet across have been found in some pegmatites.

Micas are used in products such as drywalls, paints, and fillers, especially in parts for automobiles, roofing, and in electronics. The mineral is used in cosmetics and food to add "shimmer" or "frost".
Charles W. Moore (American football)
Charles Wesley Moore (1939 or 1940 – September 12, 2024) was an American college football coach and player. He served as the head football coach at Bethune–Cookman University in Daytona Beach, Florida, from 1973 to 1975, Langston University in Langston, Oklahoma, in 1977, and the University of the District of Columbia in 1983, compiling a career college football coaching record of 30–23–1.

Moore was hired as the head football coach and athletic director at Langston in 1978.  He resigned in February 1979 after leading Langston to a record of 3–7 in 1978.

Moore died on September 12, 2024, at the age of 84.

Langston, Oklahoma
Langston is a town in Logan County, Oklahoma, United States, and is part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. The population was 1,619 as of the 2020 United States census.  Langston is home to Langston University, the only historically black college in Oklahoma.
André Chéradame
André Chéradame (1871–1948) was a French journalist and scholar from the École Libre des Sciences Politiques. He also worked for the French newspaper Le Petit Journal.

He became known for his books about the geopolitics of Europe during the first half of the 20th century, mainly the aspects of German militarism and its expansionist policies. He predicted, even before the two world wars, that the German General Staff would have a main role in planning military aggressions with the aim of creating a Greater Germany, which would first engulf Central and Eastern Europe, then all of Europe, and by 1950 the rest of the world.

He predicted that only by dismantling the militarist German elites and institutions Germany itself would be at peace with the rest of the world; the Allies did so after World War II by dissolving both Prussia and the German General Staff.

Prediction
A prediction (from Latin  prae- 'before' and  dictum 'something said') or  forecast is a statement about a future event or about future data. Predictions are often, but not always, based upon experience or knowledge of forecasters. There is no universal agreement about the exact difference between "prediction" and "estimation"; different authors and disciplines ascribe different connotations.

Future events are necessarily uncertain, so guaranteed accurate information about the future is impossible. Prediction can be useful to assist in making plans about possible developments.
Allegheny Athletic Association
The Allegheny Athletic Association was an athletic club that fielded the first ever professional American football player and later the first fully professional football team.  The organization was founded in 1890 as a regional athletic club in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, which is today the North Side of Pittsburgh.

North Side (Pittsburgh)
The North Side (sometimes written as Northside) is the region of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, located to the north of the Allegheny River and the Ohio River.

The North Side is made up of the following neighborhoods: Allegheny Center, Allegheny West, Brighton Heights, California-Kirkbride, Central Northside, Chateau, East Allegheny, Fineview, Manchester, Marshall-Shadeland, North Shore, Northview Heights, Perry North, Perry South, Spring Garden, Spring Hill–City View, Summer Hill, and Troy Hill.
Hala Halim
Hala Halim is an Egyptian academic and translator.

She studied literature at university, obtaining a BA from Alexandria University in 1985 and an MA from the American University in Cairo in 1992. She completed her doctorate at UCLA in 2004. Halim has written extensively about literature and culture, covering subjects as diverse as Youssef Chahine, EM Forster and Constantine Cavafy. She is currently an assistant professor in the Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies department of New York University.

Halim has translated Mohamed El-Bisatie's novel Clamor of the Lake. The translation won an Egyptian State Incentive Award and was runner-up for the Banipal Prize in 2006.

American University in Cairo
The American University in Cairo (AUC; Arabic: الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة, romanized: al-Jāmi‘a al-’Amrīkiyya bi-l-Qāhira) is a private research university in New Cairo, Egypt. The university offers American-style learning programs at undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels, along with a continuing education program. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education in the United States and Egypt's National Authority for Quality Assurance and Assessment of Education.
KIQI
KIQI (1010 AM) is a commercial radio station in San Francisco, California. It is owned by Multicultural Broadcasting and airs a Spanish-language talk radio format.  KIQI 1010 AM is simulcast on KATD 990 AM in the Sacramento Valley. Most shows are paid brokered programming where the hosts purchase time on the station and may advertise their companies and services.  KIQI and KATD carry Oakland Athletics baseball games in Spanish.  The station's studios and offices are located near the Civic Center in San Francisco.

1010 AM is a Canadian clear-channel frequency, on which CFRB Toronto and CBR Calgary are the Class A dominant stations.  KIQI broadcasts at 10,000 watts but must use a directional antenna at all times to protect those and other stations on 1010 AM.  The transmitter is at the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge toll plaza in Oakland.

Brokered programming
Brokered programming (also known as time-buy and blocktime) is a form of broadcast content in which the show's producer pays a radio or television station for air time, rather than exchanging programming for pay or the opportunity to play spot commercials. A brokered program is typically not capable of garnering enough support from advertisements to pay for itself, and may be controversial, esoteric or an advertisement in itself.
1st Yeşilçam Awards
The 1st Yeşilçam Awards (Turkish: 1. Yeşilçam Ödülleri), presented by the Turkish Foundation of Cinema and Audiovisual Culture (TÜRSAK) and Beyoğlu Municipality, honored the best Turkish films of 2007 and took place on March 24, 2008, at the Lütfi Kırdar Congress and Exhibition Hall in Istanbul, Turkey.

For Love and Honor
For Love and Honor (Turkish: Kabadayı) is a 2007 Turkish drama film, written by Yavuz Turgul and directed by Ömer Vargı, starring Şener Şen as a retired gangster who learns that he has a son in need of protection. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on December 14, 2007 (2007-12-14), was the highest-grossing Turkish film of 2007.
Grube (surname)
Grube is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolph Eduard Grube (1812–1880), Polish zoologist

Bruce Grube, 11th president of Georgia Southern University

Charles Grube (1904–1976), American football player

Chris Grube (born 1985), British sailor

Christian Grube (born 1934), German conductor

Ernst J. Grube (1932−2011), German historian of Islamic art and curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Falko Grube (born 1977), German politician

Frank Grube (1905–1945), American baseball player

Franklin Grube (1831−1869), American physician and politician

George Grube (1899–1982), classicist

Henry Grube (died 1582), English politician

Janice Grube, (born 1971), American singer-songwriter

Jarrett Grube (born 1981), American baseball player

Nikolai Grube, (born 1962), German epigrapher

Rüdiger Grube (born 1951), engineer

Wilfried Grube (born 1923), German former field hockey player

Wilhelm Grube (1855–1908), German ethnographer

Chris Grube
Christian Grube (born 22 January 1985) is a British sailor who competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, and 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.
Kampung Sungai Penchala
Kampung Sungai Penchala is a small Malay village in the Segambut constituency in northwestern Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, with the postcode 60000 KUALA LUMPUR, lying along the Federal Territory–Selangor border. This village is next to Taman Tun Dr Ismail in Kuala Lumpur, which also shares the same 60000 KUALA LUMPUR postcode, and adjacent to Mutiara Damansara and Bandar Utama that were once part of a large oil palm plantation across the interstate border.

Despite the fact that the Government has gazetted Kampung Sungai Penchala as one of the Malay Reserve lands in Kuala Lumpur, this village is being actively developed and is arguably the most rapidly developed areas in the past 10 years with many developments having taken place.

Segambut
Segambut is a sub-district in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The federal constituency represented in the Dewan Rakyat is Segambut (federal constituency).

From the high-end condominiums of Mont Kiara and Sri Hartamas to the middle-class areas of Taman Sri Segambut and Bandar Manjalara, and the rural areas of Segambut Dalam and Kampung Sungai Penchala, the Segambut district has a diverse population base.

Segambut once belonged to the mukim of Batu Caves before 1974, when Kuala Lumpur was still part of Selangor.

The new Istana Negara is located in this district, along Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim (Jalan Duta).
Internal migration in Italy
Internal migration in Italy is a human migration within the Italian geographical region that occurred for similar reasons to emigration, primarily socioeconomic. Its largest wave consisted of 4 million people moving from Southern Italy to Northern Italy (and mostly to Northern or Central Italian industrial cities like Rome or Milan, etc.), between the 1950s and 1970s.

Adelaide del Vasto
Adelaide del Vasto (Adelasia, Azalaïs) (c. 1075 – 16 April 1118) was countess of Sicily as the third spouse of Roger I of Sicily, and Queen consort of Jerusalem by marriage to Baldwin I of Jerusalem. She served as regent of Sicily during the minority of her son Roger II of Sicily from 1101 until 1112.

Her rule occurred between the previous reign of multiple Arabian dynasties and the formal declaration of the Kingdom of Sicily, placing her between two massive shifts in Sicilian identity. Under Adelaide, the economic and social shifts of Norman conquest led to many rebellions and societal tension, which she handled with frightening swiftness.

She was the daughter of Manfred del Vasto (brother of Boniface del Vasto, marquess of Western Liguria, and Anselm del Vasto).

Her paternal grandparents were Teto II del Vasto, and his wife Bertha of Turin, daughter of margrave Ulric Manfred II of Turin.
Valnesfjord Church
Valnesfjord Church (Norwegian: Valnesfjord kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Fauske Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Straumsnes. It is the church for the Valnesfjord parish which is part of the Salten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1905, using plans drawn up by the architect K. Tessem. The church seats about 250 people. The building was consecrated on 14 June 1905 by the Bishop Peter Wilhelm Bøckman.

Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland
Sør-Hålogaland is a diocese in the Church of Norway. The Diocese covers the Lutheran Church of Norway churches located within Nordland county in Norway. The diocese is headquartered in the town of Bodø at Bodø Cathedral, the seat of bishop Svein Valle (since november 2023).  The diocese is divided into eight deaneries (prosti).
Jostein Goksøyr
Jostein Goksøyr (28 June 1922 – 5 December 2000) was a Norwegian microbiologist.

He was born in Kopervik, and took the dr.philos. degree in 1955. He was hired as a lecturer at the University of Bergen in 1956, and was later professor from 1966 to 1989. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1970 and the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala from 1987.

A planctomycete bacterium, Bythopirellula goksoyri, identified from the iron-hydroxide deposits at the Mohns Ridge, a part of the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge, is named in honour of Goksøyr.

Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala
The Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala (Swedish: Kungliga Vetenskaps-Societeten i Uppsala), is the oldest of the royal academies in Sweden, having been founded in 1710. The society has, by royal decree of 1906, 50 Swedish fellows and 100 foreign.

Early members included Emanuel Swedenborg and Anders Celsius.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences was founded in Stockholm 1739. Its founders, some of whom were members of the Uppsala academy, specifically wanted a different academy.
Once (cast album)
Once: A New Musical (Original Broadway Cast Recording) is the cast album to the 2012 Broadway musical Once based on the 2007 film of the same name directed by John Carney. Like the film, Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová composed the music and penned the lyrics for the songs which were performed by Steve Kazee, Cristin Milioti, and other principal cast ensemble from the musical. The album was released by Masterworks Broadway on 13 March 2012, and won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album.

Once (film)
Once is a 2007 Irish 
romantic musical drama film written and directed by John Carney. The film stars Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová as two struggling musicians in Dublin, Ireland. Hansard and Irglová had previously performed music as the Swell Season, and composed and performed the film's original songs.

Once spent years in development with the Irish Film Board and was made for a budget of €112,000. It was a commercial success, earning substantial per-screen box office averages in the United States, and received acclaim from critics. It received awards including the 2007 Independent Spirit Award for Best Foreign Film. Hansard and Irglová's song "Falling Slowly" won the 2008 Academy Award for Best Original Song (making Irglova the youngest person to win an Oscar in a non-acting category), and the soundtrack received a Grammy Award nomination. The film has also been adapted into a successful stage musical.
JGR Class 1070
The JGR Class 1070 were a type of Japanese steam locomotives, rebuilt from the earlier Class 6200 and Class 6270 locomotives, first imported from the United Kingdom between 1900 and 1904 and in 1909. Rebuilt during the 1920s, the Class 1070s were used for urban and rural train service and later in industrial service, running from the 1920s into the 1970s.

Dübs and Company
Dübs & Co. was a locomotive manufacturer in Glasgow, Scotland, founded by Henry Dübs in 1863 and based at the Queens Park Works in Polmadie. In 1903 it amalgamated with two other Glasgow locomotive manufacturers to create the North British Locomotive Company.
Green Lake (New York)
Green Lake is the larger of the two lakes in Green Lakes State Park, which lies about 9 miles (14 km) east of downtown Syracuse in Onondaga County, New York. Round Lake is the smaller lake located west of Green Lake. Both lakes are meromictic, which means no seasonal mixing of surface and bottom waters occurs. Meromictic lakes are fairly rare; they have been extensively studied, in part because their sediments can preserve a historical record extending back thousands of years, and because of the euxinic (anoxic, sulfidic) conditions which can form in the deep water.

Onondaga County, New York
Onondaga County (/ˌɒnənˈdɑːɡə/ ON-ən-DAH-gə) is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 476,516. The county seat is Syracuse. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Onondaga County is the core of the Syracuse Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Tavilzhanka
Tavilzhanka (Ukrainian: Тавільжанка, Russian: Таволжанка, romanized: Tavolzhanka) is a village in Kupiansk Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Dvorichna settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the village was occupied by Russian troops. After the success of the 2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive, the village has become contested territory on the frontline.

Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Харківська область, romanized: Kharkivska oblast, Russian: Харьковская область, romanized: Kharkovskaya oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (Ukrainian: Харківщина), is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine.

Kharkiv borders Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the southeast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the southwest, Poltava Oblast to the west, Sumy Oblast to the northwest and Russia's Belgorod Oblast to the north. Its area is 31,400 square kilometres (12,100 sq mi), or 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

The oblast is the third-most populous of Ukraine, with a population of 2,598,961 in 2021, more than half (1.42 million) of whom live in the city of Kharkiv, the oblast's administrative center.
Logna
Logna is a frazione of the comune of Cascia in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 818 metres (2,684 ft) above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 65 inhabitants.

Province of Perugia
The province of Perugia (Italian: provincia di Perugia) is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Perugia. The province covered all of Umbria until 1927, when the province of Terni was carved out of its southern third. The province of Perugia has an area of 6,337 km2 and a total population of 636,531 as of 2025, covering about two-thirds of Umbria. It has 59 municipalities.

The province has numerous tourist attractions, especially artistic and historical ones, and is home to the Lake Trasimeno, the largest lake of Central Italy. It is historically the ancestral origin of the Umbri, while later it was a Roman province and then part of the Papal States until the late 19th century.
Archie Hamilton
Archibald Gavin Hamilton, Baron Hamilton of Epsom, PC (born 30 December 1941) is a British Conservative Party politician. A member of the House of Lords, he served as Minister of State for the Armed Forces under John Major.

Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Armed Forces
The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Armed Forces is a mid-level ministerial position at the Ministry of Defence in the Government of the United Kingdom. It has been held by Alistair Carns since September 2025.

The office sometimes acts as the deputy to the secretary of state for defence, when it is of Minister of State rank. In July 2024, the appointment of Luke Pollard reverted the minister’s title to Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State.

The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow minister for the armed forces.
Grabia, Łódź Voivodeship
Grabia [ˈɡrabja] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sędziejowice, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Sędziejowice, 13 km (8 mi) south-west of Łask, and 45 km (28 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łask
Łask ([wask]) is a town in central Poland with 16,925 inhabitants (2020). It is the capital of Łask County, and is situated in Łódź Voivodeship. It is located in the Sieradz Land.

A town with some 1,000 years of history, Łask is a former residential town of the Łaski noble family under whose patronage it was developed into a notable regional center of trade and crafts. It contains heritage Gothic and Baroque churches and a local historical museum. It is located near the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok. The Polish Air Force's 32nd Air Base is located nearby.
Halegrapha masoniana
Halegrapha masoniana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Sri Lanka, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by the lichenologists Gothamie Weerakoon, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch. The type specimen was collected from Cottaganga Ella, in a montane forest at an altitude of 1,147 m (3,763 ft). It is only known to occur at the type locality. The specific epithet honours American lichenologist Mason Hale, "for his important contributions to lichenology in Sri Lanka".

The main characteristics of Halegrapha masoniana that distinguish it from other members of its genus include the inspersed hymenium, the presence of norstictic acid, and the relatively large ascospores, measuring 50–70 by 8–10 μm.

Ella, Sri Lanka
Ella (Sinhala: ඇල්ල, lit. 'fall'; Tamil: எல்ல) is a small town in the Badulla District of Uva Province, Sri Lanka governed by  Ella Pradeshiya Sabha. It is approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) east of Colombo and is situated at an elevation of 1,041 metres (3,415 ft) above sea level. The area has a rich bio-diversity, dense with numerous varieties of flora and fauna. Ella is surrounded by hills covered with cloud forests and tea plantations. The town has a cooler climate than surrounding lowlands, due to its elevation. The Ella Gap allows views across the southern plains of Sri Lanka.
Nordheim, Bas-Rhin
Nordheim (French pronunciation: [nɔʁdaim]; Alsatian: Nààrde, Norde) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

Near Nordheim, there is a TV transmitter with a 280-metre guyed mast.

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.