hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monica Muñoz Martinez
Monica Muñoz Martinez is a scholar of Mexican-American history current serving as an Associate Professor of History at the University of Texas at Austin. Martinez was previously the Stanley J. Bernstein Assistant Professor of American Studies and Ethnic Studies at Brown University and an Andrew Carnegie Fellow. Her research has been supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation, and the Texas State Historical Association. She has received praise for her work on several public history projects and her first book, The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas was published in 2018 and received numerous awards. In 2021 she received a "Genius Grant" from the MacArthur Foundation.

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, commonly known as the Mellon Foundation, is a New York City-based private foundation with wealth accumulated by Andrew Mellon of the Mellon family of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is the product of the 1969 merger of the Avalon Foundation and the Old Dominion Foundation. These foundations had been set up separately by Ailsa Mellon Bruce and Paul Mellon, the children of Andrew Mellon.

The foundation is housed in New York City in the expanded former offices of the Bollingen Foundation, another educational philanthropy once supported by Paul Mellon. Poet and scholar Elizabeth Alexander is the foundation's current president. Her predecessors have included Earl Lewis, Don Randel, William G. Bowen, John Edward Sawyer and Nathan Pusey.

In 2004, the foundation was awarded the National Medal of Arts.
Linguistic philosophy
Linguistic philosophy is the view that many or all philosophical problems can be solved (or dissolved) by paying closer attention to language, either by reforming language or by better understanding our everyday language. The former position is that of ideal language philosophy, one prominent example being logical atomism. The latter is the view defended in ordinary language philosophy.

Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
2010–11 Lebanese Second Division
The Lebanese Second Division (Arabic: الدوري اللبناني - الدرجة الثانية) is the second division of Lebanese football. It is controlled by the Lebanese Football Association. The top two teams qualify for the Lebanese Premier League and replace the relegated teams, while the bottom two are relegated to the Lebanese Third Division.

Lebanese Third Division
The Lebanese Third Division (Arabic: الدوري اللبناني الدرجة الثالثة) is the third division of Lebanese football, and is controlled by the Lebanese Football Association.

The 23 teams are divided into four groups of six teams each (one group has 5 teams); the first two teams of each group qualify to the playoffs and the first two teams of these playoffs qualify to the Lebanese Second Division and replace the relegated teams. On the other hand, the last two teams will be submitted to the playoffs that will decide which two of these four teams will be relegated to the Lebanese Fourth Division.
Washtenaw Intermediate School District
The Washtenaw Intermediate School District (Washtenaw ISD) is an intermediate school district in Michigan, headquartered in Ann Arbor.

Most of Washtenaw County is served by the Washtenaw Intermediate School District, which coordinates the efforts of local boards of education, but has no operating authority over schools. Local school boards in Michigan retain great autonomy over day-to-day operations.

Washtenaw County, Michigan
Washtenaw County (/ˈwɔːʃtənɔː/ WAWSH-tə-naw) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. At the 2020 census, the population was 372,258. The county seat and largest city is Ann Arbor. The county was authorized by legislation in 1822 and organized as a county in 1826.
Washtenaw County comprises the Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The county is home to the University of Michigan, Eastern Michigan University, Washtenaw Community College, and Concordia University Ann Arbor.
Mezhyhirya Chronicle
The Mezhyhirya Chronicle (Ukrainian: Межигі́рський літо́пис, romanized: Mezhyhirs'kyy litopys) is a Ukrainian chronicle from the 17th century, written in Late Ruthenian, also known as early modern Ukrainian. Its author is considered to be Ilya Koshchakivskyi, the abbot of the former Mezhyhirya Monastery, modern Kyiv Oblast. The first manuscript contains a description of historical events in Volhynia and Kyiv Region in 1393–1620. The second manuscript provides information from 1608 to 1700 about the liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people against the Polish gentry and Turkish-Tatar incursions. As a monument of historical literature, the Mezhyhirya Chronicle occupies a significant place in the Ukrainian historiography of the 17th century. The editio princeps was published in the Collection of Chronicles Relating to the History of Southern and Western Rus' (1888).

Ruthenian language
Ruthenian (see also other names) was a written language used from the 14th to the 18th centuries within the East Slavic-speaking regions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Literary Ruthenian is considered to be a historical precursor to the modern Belarusian and Ukrainian languages (occasionally also to Rusyn), although neither standard language directly continues the Ruthenian written tradition.

Several linguistic issues are debated among linguists: various questions related to classification of literary and vernacular varieties of this language; issues related to meanings and proper uses of various endonymic (native) and exonymic (foreign) glottonyms (names of languages and linguistic varieties); questions on its relation to modern East Slavic languages, and its relation to Old East Slavic (the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus' in the 10th through 13th centuries).
Faanya Rose
Faanya Lydia (Arch) Rose (born July 9, 1938) is a British-American businesswoman, conservationist, philanthropist, and explorer. She was the first woman and the first British citizen elected president of The Explorers Club.

At founding in 1904, the membership of the Explorer Club was "limited absolutely to men who [had] been in the open and the wild places of the earth." Women were not admitted until 1981, and would wait nineteen years before being considered for president. Faanya said of her election she wanted, "Not to be the first woman president, but to be the first woman to be the best man for the job."

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Opytne, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast
Opytne (Ukrainian: Опитне; Russian: Опытное, romanized: Opytnoye) is a village in Pokrovsk Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at about 10 km (6 mi) NW from the center of Donetsk city and at about 2 km (1 mi) north from Donetsk International Airport.

Raions of Ukraine
A raion (Ukrainian: район, romanized: raion; pl. райони, raiony), often translated as district, is the second-level administrative division in Ukraine. Raions were created in a 1922 administrative reform of the Soviet Union, to which Ukraine, as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, belonged.

On 17 July 2020, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) approved an administrative reform to merge most of the 490 raions, along with the "cities of regional significance", which were previously outside the raions, into just 136 reformed raions. Most tasks of the raions (education, healthcare, sport facilities, culture, and social welfare) were taken over by new hromadas, the subdivisions of raions. The 136 new districts include ten in Crimea, which have been de facto outside Ukrainian control since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014.
Senago
Senago (Lombard: Senagh [seˈnaːk]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Milan. As of 30 November 2017, it had a population of 21.519 and an area of 8.6 square kilometres (3.3 sq mi).

Senago borders the following municipalities: Limbiate, Cesate, Paderno Dugnano, Garbagnate Milanese, Bollate.

The Villa San Carlo Borromeo is located in Senago. A historical residence, which was built in the XIV century, is immersed in a secular park of eleven hectares, 12 kilometres from Milan.

It is the home town of Don Ambrogio Gianotti, a partigiano and the first priest of the church of St. Edward, Busto Arsizio

Limbiate
Limbiate (Lombard: Limbiaa [lĩˈbjaː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Monza and Brianza in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Milan.
As of 2016, it had a population of 35.279.
By decree of the President of the Republic on 26 March 2018 it was elevated to city status.

Limbiate integrates the fraction of Mombello where the neuropsychiatric hospital was located.
Northern schiffornis
The northern schiffornis, or northern mourner, (Schiffornis veraepacis), is a species of Neotropical bird in the family Tityridae, the tityras, becards, and allies. It is found in Mexico, every Central American country except El Salvador, and in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Tityridae
Tityridae is family of suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The 45 species in this family were formerly spread over the families Tyrannidae, Pipridae and Cotingidae (see Taxonomy). As yet, no widely accepted common name exists for the family, although tityras and allies and tityras, mourners and allies have been used. They are small to medium-sized birds. Under current classification, the family ranges in size from the buff-throated purpletuft, at 9.5 cm (3.7 in) and 10 grams (0.35 ounces), to the masked tityra, at up to 24 cm (9.5 in) and 88 grams (3.1 ounces). Most have relatively short tails and large heads.
Nicaraguans
Nicaraguans (Spanish: Nicaragüenses; also called Nicas) are people inhabiting in, originating or having significant heritage from Nicaragua. Most Nicaraguans live in Nicaragua, although there is also a significant Nicaraguan diaspora, particularly in Costa Rica and the United States with smaller communities in other countries around the world. There are also people living in Nicaragua who are not Nicaraguans because they were not born or raised in Nicaragua nor have they gained citizenship.

British protectorate
British protectorates were protectorates under the jurisdiction of the British government. Many territories which became British protectorates already had local rulers with whom the Crown negotiated through treaty, acknowledging their status whilst simultaneously offering protection. British protectorates were therefore governed by indirect rule. In most cases, the local ruler, as well as the subjects of the ruler, were not British subjects, but rather British protected persons. British protected states represented a more loose form of British suzerainty, where the local rulers retained absolute control over the states' internal affairs and the British exercised control over defence and foreign affairs.
Areza
Areza (Tigrinya: ዓረዛ) is a town in the Debub (Southern) region of Eritrea. It is the capital of the Areza subregion. It lies to the west of Mendefera. The area is primarily agricultural and contains 20 kebabis (residential areas).

Tigrinya language
Tigrinya, sometimes romanized according to Italian spelling rules as Tigrigna, is an Ethio-Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is primarily spoken by the Tigrinya and Tigrayan peoples, native to Eritrea and to the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, respectively. It is also spoken by the global diaspora of these regions.
Eitan, Israel
Eitan (Hebrew: אֵיתָן, lit. 'Enduring') is a national-religious moshav in south-central Israel. Located in the southern Shephelah, it falls under the jurisdiction of Shafir Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 565.

Shephelah
The Shephelah (Biblical Hebrew: הַשְּפֵלָה, romanized: hašŠəp̄ēlā, lit. 'the Lowlands') or Shfela (Modern Hebrew: הַשְּׁפֵלָה, romanized: haŠfelá), or the Judaean Foothills (Modern Hebrew: שְׁפֵלַת יְהוּדָה, romanized: Šfelát Yəhūdá), is a transitional region of soft-sloping rolling hills in south-central Israel stretching over 10–15 km (6.2–9.3 mi) between the Judaean Mountains and the Coastal Plain. The different use of the term "Judean Plain", as either defining just the Coastal Plain segment stretching along the Judaean Mountains, or also including, or only referring to, the Shfela, often creates grave confusion.

Today the Shfela is largely rural with many farms, but the cities of Ashdod, Ashkelon, Rehovot, Beit Shemesh, and Kiryat Gat roughly surround it.

The Bible assigned land in the Shfela to the tribes of Judah and Dan.
Thymeleaf
Thymeleaf is a Java XML/XHTML/HTML5 template engine that can work both in web (servlet-based) and non-web environments. It is better suited for serving XHTML/HTML5 at the view layer of MVC-based web applications, but it can process any XML file even in offline environments. It provides full Spring Framework integration.

In web applications Thymeleaf aims to be a complete substitute for JavaServer Pages (JSP), and implements the concept of Natural Templates: template files that can be directly opened in browsers and that still display correctly as web pages.

Thymeleaf is open-source software, licensed under the Apache License 2.0.

Model–view–controller
Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces that divides the related program logic into three interconnected elements. These elements are:

the model, the internal representations of information

the view, the interface that presents information to and accepts it from the user

the controller, the software linking the two.

Traditionally used for desktop graphical user interfaces (GUIs), this pattern became popular for designing web applications. Popular programming languages have MVC frameworks that facilitate the implementation of the pattern.
Velykyi Kunynets
Velykyi Kunynets (Ukrainian: Великий Кунинець) is a village in the Vyshnivets settlement hromada of the Kremenets Raion of Ternopil Oblast in Ukraine. After the liquidation of the Zbarazh Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Zbarazh Raion
Zbarazh Raion (Ukrainian: Збаразький район) was a raion (district) of Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center was the city of Zbarazh. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Zbarazh Raion was split between Kremenets Raion and Ternopil Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 55,844 (2020 est.).
Via Tiberina
The via Tiberina was an ancient Roman road, which from the north of Rome, going up the right bank of the Tiber river, crossed the ancient center of Veio, Capena and Falerii Veteres countryside to Tiber Valley and continued towards Ocriculum, today in Umbria. Today, in the metropolitan city of Rome Capital, its route coincides with the provincial road 15 / A Tiberina.

Tiber Valley
The Tiber Valley (Italian: Valle del Tevere) is the largest geographical part of the Tiber basin of the Tiber river included in the Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria, and the Lazio regions; it is characterized by river terraces and floodplain areas that extend from the Apennine belt up to the delta of the Tiber river in the Lazio coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Ryson ST-100 Cloudster
The Ryson ST-100 Cloudster is a tandem two-seat, low-wing, conventional landing gear motor glider that was designed by T. Claude Ryan first flown in 1976 and certified in 1983. The aircraft was intended to be used as both a motor glider and a light aircraft and was type certified in both categories.

Continental O-200
The Continental C90 and O-200 are a family of air-cooled, horizontally opposed, four-cylinder, direct-drive aircraft engines of 201 in3 (3.29 L) displacement, producing between 90 and 100 horsepower (67 and 75 kW).

Built by Continental Motors these engines are used in many light aircraft designs of the United States, including the early Piper PA-18 Super Cub, the Champion 7EC, the Alon Aircoupe, and the Cessna 150.

Though the C90 was superseded by the O-200, and many of the designs utilizing the O-200 had gone out of production by 1980, with the 2004 publication of the United States Federal Aviation Administration light-sport aircraft regulations came a resurgence in demand for the O-200.
Frederick Holman (swimmer)
Frederick Holman (9 February 1883 – 23 January 1913) was an English competitive swimmer from Dawlish, Devon, England.  Holman represented Great Britain at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, where he won the gold medal in the men's 200-metre breaststroke event and did not compete in any other events.

He died of typhoid fever in Exeter in January 1913, aged 29. He was married but had no children. Holman is an "Honor Swimmer" member of the International Swimming Hall of Fame.

Swimming at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre breaststroke
The  men's 200 metre breaststroke was one of 6 swimming events on the Swimming at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. It was the only breaststroke event on the schedule.  1908 was the first appearance of the 200 metre breaststroke, as 1904 had seen the introduction of the stroke to Olympic competition with the 440 yard event. Each nation could enter up to 12 swimmers.
Sunny Singh (filmographer)
Sandeep "Sunny" Singh (born April 3, 1986) is an American filmographer, programmer and music archivist, who primarily records and uploads footage of hardcore punk performances under the name hate5six. Triple J referred to him as "the internet’s hardest working hardcore videographer". In a December 2019 article for Billboard, writer Eli Enis referred to the accessibility of his content as "the biggest factor" for the popularity of hardcore in the late-2010s.

Singh also often releases footage of spoken word performances, interviews, and protests and political speeches, providing a platform for support of causes such as indigenous rights and anarchism.

Indigenous rights
Indigenous rights are those rights that exist in recognition of the specific condition of indigenous peoples. This includes not only the most basic human rights of physical survival and integrity, but also the rights over their land (including native title), language, religion, and other elements of cultural heritage that are a part of their existence and identity as a people. This can be used as an expression for advocacy of social organizations, or form a part of the national law in establishing the relation between a government and the right of self-determination among its indigenous people, or in international law as a protection against violation of indigenous rights by actions of governments or groups of private interests.
2005 National League Division Series
The 2005 National League Division Series (NLDS), the first round of the National League side in Major League Baseball’s 2005 postseason, began on Tuesday, October 4, and ended on Sunday, October 9, with the champions of the three NL divisions—along with a "wild card" team—participating in two best-of-five series. They were:

(1) St. Louis Cardinals (Central Division champions, 100–62) vs. (3) San Diego Padres (Western Division champions, 82–80): Cardinals win series, 3–0.

(2) Atlanta Braves (Eastern Division champions, 90–72) vs. (4) Houston Astros (Wild Card, 89–73): Astros win series, 3–1.

The Cardinals and Astros went on to meet in the NL Championship Series (NLCS). The Astros became the National League champion, and lost to the American League champion Chicago White Sox in the 2005 World Series.

Jason Isringhausen
Jason Derik Isringhausen (/ˈɪzrɪŋhaʊzɪn/ born September 7, 1972) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and coach. He pitched in Major League Baseball from 1995 through 2012 for the New York Mets, Oakland Athletics, St. Louis Cardinals, Tampa Bay Rays, and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. Isringhausen was, with Bill Pulsipher and Paul Wilson, a member of "Generation K", a group of highly regarded Mets prospects. Isringhausen proceeded to have a successful career as a relief pitcher, recording exactly 300 career saves. He was a two-time All-Star and led the National League in saves in 2004.
Women's association football in the Republic of Ireland
Women's association football in the Republic of Ireland is governed by the Women's Football Association of Ireland. The WFAI organizes and manages the Republic of Ireland women's national football team, the FAI Women's Cup and the Women's National League as well as various county and regional leagues and junior cup competitions. The most notable county league is the Dublin Women's Soccer League. Organised women's association football has been played in the Republic of Ireland since at least the late 1960s and the national team has been active since 1973. Notable Republic of Ireland women's association footballers include Katie Taylor, Stephanie Roche and Emma Byrne. In addition to representing the Republic of Ireland at full international level, Taylor is also an Irish, European, World and Olympic boxing champion. In 2014 Roche was a FIFA Puskás Award nominee. Byrne is a prominent member of the Arsenal Ladies team.

Women's boxing
Although women have participated in boxing for almost as long as the sport has existed, female fights have been effectively outlawed for most of boxing's history until recently, with athletic commissioners refusing to sanction or issue licenses to women boxers, and most nations officially banning the sport. Reports of women entering the ring go back to the 18th century.
Century Lake
Century Lake is an artificial lake in the Santa Monica Mountains of the U.S. state of California, constructed in 1910 as part of the Crags country club by the creation of a 50-foot-tall dam on Malibu Creek. It is named after 20th Century Fox, which owned the site from 1946 to 1974. In 1974 the lake became part of Malibu Creek State Park. The lake is also near the film sites of M*A*S*H and Planet of the Apes.

Santa Monica Mountains
The Santa Monica Mountains are a coastal mountain range in Southern California, next to the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Transverse Ranges. The Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area protects nearly all of this mountain range, and extends beyond it in places. Because of its proximity to densely populated regions, it is one of the most visited natural areas in California.