hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Big Rivers Conference (Illinois)
The Big Rivers Conference of Illinois was a high school football-exclusive athletic conference that existed from the 1999 through the 2012 football season.  Upon its dissolution, it comprised ten teams (eight schools competing independently and two athletic co-operatives) located in the northwest and north-central portions of the state. It was a member of the  Illinois High School Association, and its sister conference for other sports was the Three Rivers Conference.  As of the 2013-14 school year, in tandem with a conference expansion, Big Rivers has been reabsorbed into the Three Rivers Conference.  This expansion negotiated full membership status for member schools in all Three Rivers Conference sports (with co-operatives existing for some sports and not every school necessarily fielding a team in every sport offered), thereby negating the need for a football conference carve-out.

St. Bede Academy
Saint Bede Academy is a private, four-year, Catholic college-preparatory high school located in Peru, Illinois. The campus buildings and monastery are situated on 800 acres of wooded land. The monastery is home to 12 Benedictine monks who have taken a vow of stability, meaning that they remain at Saint Bede Abbey for their lifetimes. The monks take an active role in the affairs and administration of the academy.

The school is accredited by the State of Illinois, the North Central Association, and the Office of Catholic Education of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Peoria.
Marty Bohen
Martin Joseph Bohen (born 1942) is an American professional golfer. Bohen turned professional in 1965 and tried out unsuccessfully for the PGA Tour several times during the 1960s. In the interim, he worked as a blackjack dealer in Las Vegas and honed his game with instructor Toney Penna. He eventually made it onto the PGA Tour and played on tour for three seasons. For the remainder of his career as a touring professional, he played in the Asia-Pacific region, culminating with a win at the 1979 Tasmanian Open. In 1980, Bohen took a job as assistant professional at Spook Rock Golf Club in New York state. Bohen has primarily worked as a club pro since then.

Metropolitan Open
The Metropolitan Open is a golf tournament organized by the Metropolitan Golf Association. In the early 20th century it was one of the top events in the country and was retroactively given PGA Tour-level status.
Annette Island Army Airfield
Annette Island Army Airfield is a closed United States Army airfield located on Annette Island in the Prince of Wales – Hyder Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is located 5 nautical miles (9 km) south of Metlakatla, Alaska. After its closure, it was redeveloped into Annette Island Airport.

Metlakatla, Alaska
Metlakatla (/ˌmɛtləˈkætlə/; Tsimshian: Maxłaxaała or Tak'waan; Lingít: Tàakw.àani) is a census-designated place (CDP) on Annette Island in Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,405; this had grown to 1,454 by the 2020 census.

Since the late 19th century, it has been the major settlement of the Metlakatla Indian Community of the federally recognized Annette Island Reserve, the only remaining reserve in Alaska. The Metlakatla voted to opt out of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of the 1970s and retained rights to their land and waters. Membership in the community is primarily by lineage; it consists primarily of Tsimshian people and also includes those from other Alaska Native tribes who wish to join the Metlakatla Indian Community as a bona fide citizen. Citizenship is granted upon approval of the Metlakatla Tribal Council and Executives.
Llwyn
53°10′05″N 3°22′23″W﻿ / ﻿53.168°N 3.373°W﻿ / 53.168; -3.373


Llwyn is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the preserved county of Clwyd, north Wales. It consists of two blocks of alder woodland at grid reference SJ 083 643 and SJ 082 649, about 2 miles (3 km) south-east of Denbigh and just north of the village of Llanrhaeadr. The site is on the floodplain of the Rivers Clywedog and Clwyd, and includes peat beds and swamps. It was notified in 1983 and 2001. Part of the site, some 9 acres (3.6 ha), is owned by the Woodland Trust and operated as a nature reserve.

Denbigh
Denbigh (/ˈdɛnbi/ DEN-bee; Welsh: Dinbych [ˈdɪnbɨχ]) is a market town and a community in Denbighshire, Wales. It was the original county town of the historic county of Denbighshire created in 1536. Denbigh's Welsh name (Dinbych) translates to "Little Fortress"; a reference to its historic castle. Denbigh lies near the Clwydian Hills.

The town developed around Denbigh Castle, built in 1282, and the walled settlement that followed under Edward I. Over the centuries, it became known as a stronghold, a busy market town, and an administrative hub. Although Denbigh has seen times of conflict and decline, its medieval walls, castle ruins, and historic centre still shape its character today. According to the 2021 census, the town has a population of about 8,669.
Kathleen Mavourneen (1906 film)
Kathleen Mavourneen is a 1906 silent short film by Edwin S. Porter, produced and distributed by Edison Manufacturing Company. It is based on the song “Kathleen Mavourneen” by Annie Crawford and Frederick Williams Nichols Crouch, which inspired the play by Dion Boucicault.

Dion Boucicault
Dionysius Lardner "Dion" Boucicault /ˈdaɪˌɒn ˈbuːsɪˌkoʊ/ (né Boursiquot; 26 December 1820 – 18 September 1890) was an Irish actor and playwright famed for his melodramas.  By the later part of the 19th century, Boucicault had become known on both sides of the Atlantic as one of the most successful actor-playwright-managers then in the English-speaking theatre. The New York Times hailed him in his obituary as "the most conspicuous English dramatist of the 19th century"; he and his second wife, Agnes Robertson Boucicault, applied for, and received, American citizenship in 1873.
Dmytro Lypovtsev
Dmytro Lypovtsev (Ukrainian: Дмитро Липовцев; born 10 October 1986) is a Ukrainian basketball player for BC Zaporizhya and the Ukrainian national 3x3 team. With national team, he won two bronze medals at the 2012 FIBA 3x3 World Championships in Athens, Greece, and bronze at the 2017 FIBA 3x3 Europe Cup in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

BC Zaporizhzhia
BC Zaporizhzhia (Ukrainian: БК ЗАПОРІЖЖЯ) is a Ukrainian professional basketball club, based in Zaporizhzhia. The club was previously known as BC Ferro-ZNTU. The team played in Ukrainian SL Favorit Sport.
George Prendergast
George Michael "Mick" Prendergast (20 May 1854 – 28 August 1937) was an Australian politician who served as the 28th Premier of Victoria. He was born to Irish emigrant parents in Adelaide, but he grew up in Stawell, Victoria. He was apprenticed as a printer, and worked as a compositor in Ballarat, Sydney and Narrandera before settling in Melbourne in 1887. A member of the Typographical Association, he represented that union at the Melbourne Trades Hall, of which he was President in 1893.

Typesetting
Typesetting is the composition of text for publication, display, or distribution by means of arranging physical type (or sort) in mechanical systems or glyphs in digital systems representing characters (letters and other symbols). Stored types are retrieved and ordered according to a language's orthography for visual display. Typesetting requires one or more fonts (which are widely but erroneously confused with and substituted for typefaces).

One significant effect of typesetting was that authorship of works could be spotted more easily, making it difficult for copiers who have not gained permission.
Bridgewater Associates
Bridgewater Associates, LP (informally known as "Bridgewater") is an American investment management firm founded by Ray Dalio in 1975. The firm serves institutional clients including pension funds, endowments, foundations, foreign governments, and central banks. As of 2023, Bridgewater was the fourth-most profitable hedge fund in history in absolute dollar returns. The firm began as an institutional investment advisory service, graduated to institutional investing, and pioneered the risk parity investment approach in 1996.

In 1981, the company moved its headquarters from New York City to Westport, Connecticut. It employs about 1,300 people.

Global Pensions
Global Pensions magazine was a monthly Incisive Media publication that served the institutional pensions industry and focused on managing risk and investment returns. The magazine was part of MSM International Ltd. until late 2006 when it was acquired by Incisive Media. The magazine was based in London. It was previously published weekly. It was edited by Raquel Pichardo-Allison.

In November 2011, Incisive Media announced the closure of the magazine. The readers are urged to get the same news from Professional Pensions.
Camurati–Engelmann disease
Camurati–Engelmann disease (CED) is a very rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes characteristic anomalies in the skeleton. It is also known as progressive diaphyseal dysplasia. It is a form of dysplasia. Patients typically have heavily thickened bones, especially along the shafts of the long bones (called diaphyseal dysplasia).  The skull bones may be thickened so that the passages through the skull that carry nerves and blood vessels become narrowed, possibly leading to sensory deficits, blindness, or deafness.

This disease often appears in childhood and is considered to be inherited; however, many patients have no previous history of CED within their family. The disease is slowly progressive and, while there is no cure, there is treatment.
It is named for M. Camurati and G. Engelmann.

Deafness
Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written with a lower case d. It later came to be used in a cultural context to refer to those who primarily communicate with a deafness aid or through sign language regardless of hearing ability, often capitalized as Deaf and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. The two definitions overlap but are not identical, as hearing loss includes cases that are not severe enough to impact spoken language comprehension, while cultural Deafness includes hearing people who use sign language, such as children of deaf adults.
People's Municipal Assembly
The People's Municipal Assembly (PMA; Arabic: المجلس الشعبي البلدي, romanized: al-Maǧlis aš-Šaʿbī al-Baladī), is the political body governing the municipalities of Algeria. It is composed of an assembly (municipal council) elected on universal suffrage for five years. This assembly further elects a president, the president of the People's Municipal Assembly, which is the Algerian equivalent of a mayor. The last votes for the PMAs and the PPAs were on November 27, 2021. The building where this assembly is located is also called People's Municipal Assembly.

Communes of Algeria
The communes of Algeria (Arabic: بلدية (singular)), also known as municipalities, form the third level of administrative subdivisions of Algeria. As of 2002, there were 1,541 municipalities in the country. The municipalities are also known as communes (baladiyahs).
M. S. Manickam
M.S.Manickam (Tamil: எம்.எஸ்.மாணிக்கம்) also known as MSM, was a prominent Indian politician, businessman, farmer, and former member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was born on 26 October 1946 and enjoyed widespread recognition in the local community.

R. M. Veerappan
R. M. Veerappan (9 September 1926 – 9 April 2024), also referred to as RMV or Rama Veerappan, was an Indian film producer, screenwriter and politician from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was the founder and leader of the MGR Kazhagam party. He served as a Cabinet Minister in five governments from 1977 to 1996, was a three-time Member of Legislative Council and a two-time Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was the Leader of the House for Legislative Assembly and Leader of ADMK party of the Legislative Council. He was the architect behind the ADMK organization, unified the MGR fan clubs for the party formation. He was called as the 'Chanakya' of AIADMK politics in the 70's and 80's.
San Francisco 2.0
San Francisco 2.0 is a documentary film by Alexandra Pelosi for HBO, in which she examines the past of San Francisco, and speculates on what the future holds for it in the light of gentrification resulting from the dot-com boom.

San Francisco 2.0 was nominated for the Outstanding Business and Economic Reporting - Long Form Emmy in 2015.

Gentrification of San Francisco
The gentrification of San Francisco has been an ongoing source of tension between renters and working people who live in the city as well as real estate interests.  A result of this conflict has been an emerging antagonism between longtime working-class residents of the city and the influx of new tech workers. A major increase of gentrification in San Francisco has been attributed to the Dot-Com Boom in the 1990s, creating a strong demand for skilled tech workers from local startups and close by Silicon Valley businesses leading to rising standards of living. As a result, a large influx of new workers in the internet and technology sector began to contribute to the gentrification of historically poor immigrant neighborhoods such as the Mission District. During this time San Francisco began a transformation eventually culminating in it becoming the most expensive city to live in the United States.
Pioneer Heights
Pioneer Heights is a group name in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, encompassing the large area of hills, ridges and peaks located eastward of Schneider and Schanz Glaciers and between Splettstoesser and Union Glaciers. Among these features are the Inferno Ridge, the Nimbus Hills, Gross, Buchanan and Collier Hills. The Pioneer Heights were mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1961 to 1966. The name was applied by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in association with the name Heritage Range.

Inferno Ridge
Inferno Ridge (79°26′S 84°13′W﻿ / ﻿79.433°S 84.217°W﻿ / -79.433; -84.217) is a narrow ridge, 8 miles (13 km) long, rising between Schneider Glacier and Rennell Glacier in the Heritage Range, Antarctica. It was so named by the University of Minnesota "Geological Party" to these mountains, 1963–64, because the area is deeply dissected and composed of black rocks.
Zmijanje embroidery
Zmijanje embroidery (Serbian: Змијањски вез / Zmijanjski vez) is a specific technique of embroidery practised by the Serbian women of villages in the area of Zmijanje on mountain Manjača, near Banja Luka in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In 2014 it was included in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Banja Luka
Banja Luka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бања Лука, pronounced [bǎɲa lǔːka] ⓘ) or Banjaluka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бањалука, pronounced [baɲalǔːka]) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the most populous in Republika Srpska. It is Republika Srpska‘s main economic, political, and administrative center. Banja Luka is the traditional centre of the densely forested Bosanska Krajina region of northwestern Bosnia & Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the city proper has a population of 138,963, while its administrative area comprises a total of 185,042 inhabitants.

The city is home to the University of Banja Luka and the University Clinical Center of the Republika Srpska, as well as numerous entities and state institutions for the Republika Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina, respectively. The city is located on the Vrbas river. Banja Luka was designated a European city of Sport in 2018.
Baltimore and Lehigh Railroad
The  Baltimore and Lehigh Railroad (B&L) was a 19th-century, 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railroad in Maryland and Pennsylvania. It operated freight and passenger trains on its main line between Baltimore and York, Pennsylvania.

York, Pennsylvania
York is a city in York County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. Located in South Central Pennsylvania, the city's population was 44,800 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Pennsylvania. The city has an urban area population of 238,549 and has a metropolitan area population of 456,449.

Founded in 1741, York served as the temporary base for the Continental Congress from September 1777 to June 1778, during which the Articles of Confederation were drafted. It is the largest city in the York–Hanover metropolitan area, which is also included in the larger Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area of the Susquehanna Valley.
Red Clay
Red Clay is an album recorded in 1970 by jazz trumpeter Freddie Hubbard. It was his first album on Creed Taylor's CTI label and marked a shift toward the soul-jazz fusion sounds that would dominate his recordings in the later part of the decade. It entered at number 20 on Billboard’s Top 20 Best Selling Jazz LPs, on June 20, 1970.

Creed Taylor
Creed Bane Taylor V (May 13, 1929 – August 22, 2022) was an American record producer, best known for his work with Creed Taylor, Inc. which he founded in 1966 and the CTI Records label. His career also included periods at Bethlehem Records, ABC-Paramount Records (including its jazz label, Impulse!), Verve, and A&M Records. In the 1960s, he signed bossa nova artists from Brazil to record in the US including Antonio Carlos Jobim, Eumir Deodato, João Gilberto, Astrud Gilberto, and Airto Moreira.
Dana Schutz
Dana Schutz (born 1976 in Livonia, Michigan) is an American artist who lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. Schutz is known for her gestural, figurative paintings that often take on specific subjects or narrative situations as a point of departure.

Neuberger Museum of Art
The Neuberger Museum of Art (the NEU) is located at the centre of the Purchase College campus in Purchase, New York. With a collection of nearly 7,000 works of modern, contemporary and African art, it is one of the nation's largest academic museums. Exhibition tours, lectures, and special events are held throughout the year.
Gotta Go Solo
"Gotta Go Solo" is a song recorded by American singer Patti LaBelle featuring Ronald Isley. It was written by LaBelle, Gordon Chambers, and Troy Taylor, while production was helmed by Chambers and Taylor. "Gotta Go Solo" was released as a standalone single in 2004 and later included as a bonus track on the Japanese edition of  her 2005 studio album Classic Moments. It peaked at number one on the US Adult R&B Songs.

Classic Moments
Classic Moments is a studio album by American singer Patti LaBelle. It was her second full-length release with Island Def Jam's Def Soul Classics imprint and released on June 21, 2005 in the United States. The album features LaBelle's renditions of modern pop, soul and R&B songs, mostly ballads, including her versions of "Love Don't Live Here Anymore", "She's Out of My Life", "Didn't I (Blow Your Mind This Time)" and "I'll Stand by You".

Released a year after LaBelle's previous album, Timeless Journey (2004), it peaked at number 24 on the US Billboard 200 and number five on Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, while her version of Aretha and Carolyn Franklin's "Ain't No Way", a duet with Mary J. Blige, entered the R&B charts peaking at number sixty-eight.
Ichangu Narayan Temple
Ichangu Narayan Temple (Nepali: इचंगु नारायण मन्दिर) is a 5th-century Hindu temple located in Kathmandu, Nepal. It is one of the four major Narayan (chaar Narayan) temples of Kathmandu valley alongside Changu Narayan, Bisankhu Narayan and Sheshnarayan. It was built by King Haridutta of the Lichhavi dynasty.

The temple was rebuilt in the 18th century.  The temple has two stories and has a pogoda architecture. The courtyard of the temple houses statues of various Hindu deities such as Garudas and Mahalaxmi. The idols were stolen from the temple several times, but they were recovered.

Licchavis of Nepal
The Licchavis of Nepal (Nepali: लिच्छवि, also Lichchhavi, Lichavi) ruled over a kingdom in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal from approximately 450 to 750 CE. The Licchavi clan originated from a branch of the Licchavis of Vaishali, who ruled in the territory of modern-day Bihar and who later conquered the Kathmandu Valley. The Licchavis were ruled by a maharaja, aided by a prime minister and other royal officials, but in practice local communities were controlled by caste councils.

The ruling period of this dynasty was called the Golden Period of Nepal. A table of the evolution of certain Gupta characters used in Licchavi inscriptions prepared by Gautamavajra Vajrācārya can be found online.
Jean-Baptiste Coffinhal
Pierre-André Coffinhal-Dubail (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ ɑ̃dʁe kɔfinal dybaj]), known as Jean-Baptiste Coffinhal (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist kɔfinal]), (7 November 1762 in Vic-sur-Cère – 6 August 1794 in Paris (18 Thermidor Year II)) was a lawyer, French revolutionary, member of the General Council of the Paris commune and a judge of the Revolutionary Tribunal.

Thermidor
Thermidor (French pronunciation: [tɛʁmidɔʁ]) was the eleventh month in the French Republican calendar. The month was named after the French word thermal, derived from the Greek word thermos 'heat'.

Thermidor was the second month of the summer quarter (mois d'été). It started on 19 or 20 July. It ended on 17 or 18 August. It follows Messidor and precedes Fructidor. During Year 2, it was sometimes called Fervidor.

Because of the Thermidorian Reaction—9 Thermidor Year II—the overthrow of revolutionary radical Maximilien Robespierre and his followers in that month, the word "Thermidor" has come to mean a retreat from more radical goals and strategies during a revolution, especially when caused by a replacement of leading personalities.
Lower Sundon
Lower Sundon is a hamlet located in the Central Bedfordshire district of Bedfordshire, England.

The settlement was established before 1066. The manor of Sundon is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086. The manor was held by the de Clare, Badlesmere and Scrope families until the mid 16th century, when it passed to the Cheyne family. In 1716 it was sold to William Clayton, 1st Baron Sundon. It later passed to the Page-Turner family.

The St Mary the Virgin Church was first built in Lower Sundon in the 13th Century. It is a Grade I listed building. The Victorian vicarage is Grade II listed, and features very fine latticed windows.

Today, Lower Sundon lies in the wider Sundon civil parish, and is close to the large town of Luton.

De Clare
The House of Clare was a prominent Anglo-Norman noble family that ruled the Earldoms of Pembroke, Hertford and Gloucester in England and Wales throughout its history, playing a prominent role in the Norman invasion of Ireland.

They were descended from Richard Fitz Gilbert, Lord of Clare (1035–1090), a kinsman of William the Conqueror who accompanied him into England during the Norman conquest of England. His great-grandfather was Richard I of Normandy who was the son of William Longsword and the grandson of the Viking Rollo. As a reward for his service, Richard was given lands in Suffolk centred on the village of Clare. As a result, Richard and his descendants carried the name of 'de Clare' or 'of Clare'.

The de Clares ranked among the greatest baronial houses of the early Middle Ages and were the proprietors of the monumental Caerphilly Castle, Pembroke Castle, Castell Coch, and over 190 manors in England.