hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Åland pancake
Åland pancake (Swedish: ålandspannkaka; Finnish: Ahvenanmaan pannukakku) is an oven-baked pancake traditionally made with semolina and flavoured with cardamom. It may be served warm or cold and is typically accompanied by prune jam and whipped cream.

Cardamom
Cardamom (/ˈkɑːrdəməm/), sometimes cardamon or cardamum, is a spice made from the seeds of several plants in the genera Elettaria and Amomum in the family Zingiberaceae. Both genera are native to the Indian subcontinent and Indonesia. They are recognized by their small seed pods: triangular in cross-section and spindle-shaped, with a thin, papery outer shell and small, black seeds; Elettaria pods are light green and smaller, while Amomum pods are dark brown and larger.

Species used for cardamom are native throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. The first references to cardamom are found in Sumer, and in Ayurveda. In the 21st century, it is cultivated mainly in India, Indonesia, and Guatemala.
Pope Boniface
There have been eight popes and one antipope named Boniface.

Pope Boniface I (saint; 418–422)

Pope Boniface II (530–532)

Pope Boniface III (607)

Pope Boniface IV (saint; 608–615)

Pope Boniface V (619–625)

Pope Boniface VI (896)
Antipope Boniface VII (984–985) (now listed as an antipope)

Pope Boniface VIII (1294–1303)

Pope Boniface IX (1389–1404)

Pope Boniface III
Pope Boniface III (Latin: Bonifatius III) was the bishop of Rome from 19 February 607 to his death on 12 November of the same year. Despite his short pontificate, he made a significant contribution to the Catholic Church.
Oluwatobi Oyero
Oluwatobi Oyero (born September 29, 1988), also known by his stage name Toby Williams, is a Nigerian-born bassist, and band leader. He is widely known as a bassist on most Nigerian gospel songs, some of which include Gbani Gbani” by Tomisin Ade-Kolawole and “Victory Praise” by Adedoyin Oseni. He has also held live performances with gospel artists, Tim Godfrey, Moses Bliss, and Damilola Bekes.

He emerged Bass Player of the Year at the Eko Heritage Awards 2024.

Bandleader
A bandleader is the leader of a music group such as a dance band, rock or pop band or jazz quartet. The term is most commonly used with a group that plays popular music as a small combo or a big band, such as one which plays jazz, blues, rhythm and blues or rock and roll music. Most bandleaders are also performers with their own band, either as singers or as instrumentalists, playing an instrument such as electric guitar, piano, or other instruments.
Radio receiver design
Radio receiver design includes the electronic design of different components of a radio receiver which processes the radio frequency signal from an antenna in order to produce usable information such as audio. The complexity of a modern receiver and the possible range of circuitry and methods employed are more generally covered in electronics and communications engineering. The term radio receiver is understood in this article to mean any device which is intended to receive a radio signal in order to generate useful information from the signal, most notably a recreation of the so-called baseband signal (such as audio) which modulated the radio signal at the time of transmission in a communications or broadcast system.

Noise figure
Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are figures of merit that indicate degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is caused by components in a signal chain. These figures of merit are used to evaluate the performance of an amplifier or a radio receiver, with lower values indicating better performance.

The noise factor is defined as the unitless ratio of the output noise power of a device to the portion thereof attributable to thermal noise in the input termination at standard noise temperature T0 (usually 290 K). The noise factor is thus the ratio of actual output noise to that which would remain if the device itself did not introduce noise, which is equivalent to the ratio of input SNR to output SNR.

The noise figure is the power level of the noise factor, calculated in terms of the logarithm of noise factor and expressed in scale of decibels (dB).
Bundesautobahn 15
Bundesautobahn 15 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 15, short form Autobahn 15, abbreviated as BAB 15 or A 15) is an autobahn in eastern Germany. It is one of the original Reichsautobahns and connected Breslau to Berlin, via Wrocław (Breslau) and Görlitz. It connects Germany and Poland. A 15 is part of European route E36.

International E-road network
The International E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe, Central Asia and Asia Minor, developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The network is numbered from E1 up and signposted on a green background. Its roads cross national borders, consisting of three types of roads: highways, limited access roads, and ordinary roads (as defined by ECE/TRANS/SC.1/2016/3/Rev.1).

The display of European roads on signs depend on jurisdiction. In most countries, the roads carry the European route designation alongside national designations. However, Belgium, Denmark, Norway and Sweden have integrated them as their sole route designations (examples: E18 and E6) in most cases. Some places, such as the United Kingdom and Albania do not show the European designations at all.

Other continents have similar international road networks, e.g., the Pan-American Highway in the Americas, the Trans-African Highway network, and the Asian Highway Network.
2021 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay
The women's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2021 European Athletics Indoor Championships took place over one round at the Arena Toruń in Toruń, Poland, on 7 March 2021. It was the eleventh time this relay was contested at the European Athletics Indoor Championships. Nations could qualify by their team's ranking or by the combined individual results of the team members.

Six nations competed in the final, which was won by the team of the Netherlands in a championship record and national record of 3:27.15 minutes, followed by the teams of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 3:28.20 min and Poland in 3:29.94 min. Outside the medals, the Italian and Ukrainian team set national records of 3:30.32 min and 3:30.38 min respectively.

Athletics abbreviations
The sports under the umbrella of athletics, particularly track and field, use a variety of statistics.  In order to report that information efficiently, numerous abbreviations have grown to be common in the sport. Starting in 1948 by Bert Nelson and Cordner Nelson, Track & Field News became the leader in creating and defining abbreviations in this field. These abbreviations have also been adopted by, among others: World Athletics, the world governing body; various domestic governing bodies; the Association of Track and Field Statisticians; the Association of Road Racing Statisticians; the Associated Press; and individual media outlets who receive their reports. These abbreviations also appear in Wikipedia.
Element–reactant–product table
An element–reaction–product table is used to find coefficients while balancing an equation representing a chemical reaction. Coefficients represent moles of a substance so that the number of atoms produced is equal to the number of atoms being reacted with.

This is the common setup:

Element: all the elements that are in the reaction equation.

Reactant: the numbers of each of the elements on the reactants side of the reaction equation.

Product: the number of each element on the product side of the reaction equation.

The layout should eventually look like this, for a balanced reaction of baking soda and vinegar:

HC2H3O2 + NaHCO3  →  NaC2H3O2 + H2CO3

From this, since the number of reactants for each element equals the number of products for each element, we can tell that each side is balanced in the equation.

Vinegar
Vinegar (from Old French  vyn egre 'sour wine') is an odorous aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings or naturally occurring organic compounds. Vinegar typically contains from 4% to 18% acetic acid by volume.

Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation—converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria. Many types of vinegar are made, depending on source materials.

The product is now mainly used in the culinary arts as a flavorful, acidic cooking ingredient, salad dressing, or pickling agent. Various types are used as condiments or garnishes, including balsamic vinegar and malt vinegar.

As an easily manufactured mild acid, it has a wide variety of industrial and domestic uses, including functioning as a household cleaner.
Los Angeles Jewish Symphony
The Los Angeles Jewish Symphony (LAJS) is a non-profit orchestra based in Los Angeles, California which specializes in presenting music of the Jewish experience. Founded in 1994, the symphony is led by Dr. Noreen Green, the Artistic Director and Conductor.

The symphony performs at a variety of venues in and around Los Angeles, including the Walt Disney Concert Hall, the Ford Theatres, and the Gindi Auditorium at American Jewish University.

According to Ventura Blvd Magazine, “Even though the symphony’s repertoire references the historic and cultural Jewish experience, it maintains broad appeal with programs marked by contemporary themes and issues that affect us all.”

Tovah Feldshuh
Terri Sue "Tovah" Feldshuh (born December 27, 1948) is an American actress, singer, and playwright. She has been a Broadway star for fifty years, earning four Tony Award nominations. She has also received two Emmy Award nominations for Holocaust and Law & Order, and appeared in such films as A Walk on the Moon, She's Funny That Way, and Kissing Jessica Stein. In 2015–2016, she played the role of Deanna Monroe on AMC's television adaptation of The Walking Dead.
Dry Ridge Mountain
Dry Ridge Mountain (10,326 feet (3,147 m) is located in the Teton Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The peak is on the border of Grand Teton National Park and the Jedediah Smith Wilderness of Caribou-Targhee National Forest. Dry Ridge Mountain is at the head of Moran Canyon and 1 mile (1.6 km) NNE of Green Lakes Mountain.

Caribou–Targhee National Forest
Caribou–Targhee National Forest is located in the states of Idaho and Wyoming, with a small section in Utah in the United States. The forest is broken into several separate sections and extends over 2.63 million acres (10,600 km2). To the east the forest borders Yellowstone National Park, Grand Teton National Park and Bridger–Teton National Forest. Most of the forest is a part of the 20-million-acre (81,000 km2) Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
Alberto Favara
Alberto Favara (1863-1923), an Italian ethnomusicologist, is one of the pioneers of the scholarly study of Sicilian folk music. He studied at the Palermo Conservatory and later in Milan. In 1895 he became a music professor at the Palermo Conservatory. In 1907 he published Canti della terra e del mare di Sicilia (Songs of the land and sea of Sicily), followed in 1921 by an additional collection of  Canti popolari siciliani (Sicilian Folk Songs). Favara was also the composer of miscellaneous vocal works and instrumental pieces for orchestra and chamber groups. The full extent of Favara's groundbreaking work as a collector of Sicilian folk songs was not known until 1957, 34 years after his death, when a complete collection of 1,090 folk songs, transcribed into music notation by Favara, were published in the two volume set Corpus di Musichi Populari Siciliane; a work edited by Ottavio Tiby.

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
Lance Kaplan
Lance Kaplan is an electrical engineer at the Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, Maryland. He received a B.S. in electrical engineering from Duke University in 1989, followed by an M.S. and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Southern California in 1991 and 1994 respectively. His doctoral dissertation was "Fractal Signal Modeling: Theory, Algorithms and Applications."

He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2016 for his contributions to signal processing and information fusion for situational awareness.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
Michèle Rubirola
Michèle Rubirola (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl ʁybiʁɔla]; born 28 July 1956) is a French politician who served as Mayor of Marseille from 4 July to 15 December 2020. A member of Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV), she succeeded Jean-Claude Gaudin, who chose not to run for reelection to a fifth term in office and instead endorsed his long-term deputy Martine Vassal, who lost the mayorship race following the municipal election in June 2020. Rubirola became the first female Mayor of Marseille.

On 15 December 2020, she announced her resignation from the mayorship for health reasons. She was succeeded by First Deputy Mayor Benoît Payan of the Socialist Party, whom she succeeded as First Deputy Mayor on 21 December 2021. Rubirola previously held a seat in the Departmental Council of Bouches-du-Rhône from 2015 to 2021, elected in the canton of Marseille-1 alongside Payan.

Her grandparents came from Catalonia and Naples. She is a physician by occupation.

2020 French municipal elections
The 2020 French municipal elections were held from 15 March to 28 June to renew the municipal councils of the approximately 35,000 French communes. 
The first round took place on 15 March and the second round was postponed to 28 June due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Jessie Jo Dillon
Jessie Jo Dillon (born September 11, 1987) is an American songwriter with Big Machine Records. She is the daughter of country musician and songwriter Dean Dillon and his ex-wife Kenni Wehrman, a Warner Bros. Records executive. She has received five Grammy Award nominations and two Academy of Country Music Awards nominations.

Laura Veltz
Laura Jeanne Veltz is an American songwriter and musician. She previously was the vocalist and multi-instrumentalist of family pop-rock group Cecilia. She was nominated for the first ever Grammy Award for Songwriter of the Year at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards for her work on releases by Maren Morris, Demi Lovato and Ingrid Andress.
Loiseau
Loiseau is a French surname, most prevalent in Loiret. Notable people with the surname include:

Gustave Loiseau (1865–1935), French painter

Carlos Loiseau (1948–2012), Argentine cartoonist

Dominique Loiseau (1949–2013), French and Swiss watchmaker

Bernard Loiseau (1951–2003), French chef

Annick Loiseau (born 1957), French physicist

Philippe Loiseau (born 1957), French politician

Patrick Loiseau (born 1960), French politician

Nathalie Loiseau (born 1964), French diplomat and academic administrator

Hervé Djamel Loiseau (born 1973), French soldier

David Loiseau (born 1979), Haitian-Canadian mixed martial arts fighter

Shawn Loiseau (born 1989), American footballer

Nathalie Loiseau
Nathalie Lydie Jeanne Loiseau (French: [natali lwazo]; born 1 June 1964) is a French politician, diplomat and academic administrator who has served as a Member of European Parliament since 2019. Previously she was director of the École nationale d'administration (ENA) from 2012 to 2017 and served as the French Minister for European Affairs from 21 June 2017 to 27 March 2019. She was the top candidate of the La République En Marche electoral list in the 2019 European elections.
Chrystie Street
Chrystie Street is a street on Manhattan's Lower East Side and Chinatown, running as a continuation of Second Avenue from Houston Street, for seven blocks south to Canal Street. It is bounded on the east for its entirety by Sara D. Roosevelt Park, for the creation of which the formerly built-up east side of Chrystie Street (the even numbers) was razed, eliminating among other structures three small synagogues. Originally called First Street, it was renamed for Col. John Chrystie, a veteran of the War of 1812 and a member of the Philolexian Society of Columbia University, and a new First Street was laid out above Houston Street.

Philolexian Society
The Philolexian Society of Columbia University is one of the oldest college literary and debate societies in the United States, and the oldest student group at Columbia. Founded in 1802, the society aims to "improve its members in Oratory, Composition and Forensic Discussion." The society traces its roots to a collegiate literary society founded in the 1770s by Alexander Hamilton, then a student at Columbia College, and was officially established by Hamilton's son, James Alexander Hamilton (Columbia College Class of 1805).

Philolexian (known to members as "Philo," pronounced with a long "i") has been called the "oldest thing at Columbia except for the College itself," and it has been an integral part of Columbia from the beginning, providing the institution with its distinctive color, Philolexian Blue (along with white, from her long-dispatched rival, the Peithologian Society).
Frøya Church
Frøya Church (Norwegian: Frøya kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bremanger Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Kalvåg, on the southern coast of the small island of Frøya. It is the church for the Frøya parish which is part of the Nordfjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1865. The architect was the painter artist Anders Askevold from the nearby Askvoll Municipality. The church seats about 400 people.

Diocese of Bjørgvin
The Diocese of Bjørgvin (Norwegian: Bjørgvin bispedømme) is one of the 11 dioceses that make up the Church of Norway. It includes all of the churches located in the county of Vestland in Western Norway, and those outside of Norway in the Seamen's Church. The cathedral city is Bergen, Norway's second largest city. Bergen Cathedral, formerly the Church of Saint Olaf, serves as the seat of the presiding Bishop. The Bishop since 2023 has been Ragnhild Jepsen.
Kuvsletta Flat
Kuvsletta Flat (73°50′S 5°14′W﻿ / ﻿73.833°S 5.233°W﻿ / -73.833; -5.233) is a small, flattish, ice-covered area between Utrinden Point and Framranten Point, near the southwest end of the Kirwan Escarpment in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and additional air photos (1958–59), and named Kuvsletta (the hump plain).

Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition
The Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (also known as NBSX or NBSAE) (1949–1952) was the first Antarctica expedition involving an international team of scientists. The team members came from Norway, Sweden and the British Commonwealth of Nations.
Issue One
Issue One is an American nonprofit organization that seeks to reduce the role of money in politics. It aims to increase public awareness of what it views as problems within the present campaign finance system, and to reduce the influence of money in politics through enactment of campaign finance reform.

ProPublica
ProPublica, Inc. (/proʊˈpʌblɪkə/), is a nonprofit investigative journalism organization based in New York City. ProPublica's investigations are conducted by its staff of full-time reporters, and the resulting stories are distributed to news partners for publication or broadcast. In some cases, reporters from both ProPublica and its partners work together on a story. ProPublica has partnered with more than 90 different news organizations and has won several Pulitzer Prizes.

In 2010, ProPublica became the first online news source to win a Pulitzer Prize; the story chronicled the urgent life-and-death decisions made by one hospital's exhausted doctors when they were cut off by the floodwaters of Hurricane Katrina, and it was published both in the New York Times Magazine and on ProPublica's website.
Estanislao Zuleta
Estanislao Zuleta (1935 – 1990) was a Colombian philosopher, writer and professor, mainly known for his writings, work at various universities, and many lectures. He wrote treatises and talked about ancient and modern thinkers, and historical analyses about Latin American culture, the Latin American economy, philosophy, psychology and education. He was also an adviser for the United Nations, the Colombian Ministry of Agriculture, the Colombian Institute for Agrarian Reform (Incora), and former president Belisario Betancur Cuartas, and was a writer for the Crisis Magazine of Medellín. He was awarded the Honoris Causa in psychology of University of Valle in 1980. The Estanislao Zuleta Foundation was created after his death to continue to promote his legacy.

Belisario Betancur
Belisario Betancur Cuartas (4 February 1923 – 7 December 2018) was a Colombian politician who served as the 27th President of Colombia from 1982 to 1986. He was a member of the Colombian Conservative Party. His presidency was noted for its attempted peace talks with several Colombian guerrilla groups. He was also one of the few presidents to abstain from participating in politics after leaving office.
CBT-FM
CBT-FM is a public radio station in Grand Falls-Windsor, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and broadcasting the CBC Radio One news and information network.

An AM station for many decades, in 2022, CBT transitioned to FM on 93.3 MHz with an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts from a transmitter near the town of Northern Arm. Four FM re-broadcasters provide additional coverage.

CBC Radio One
CBC Radio One is the English-language news and information radio network of the publicly owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is commercial-free and offers local and national programming. It is available on AM and FM to 98 percent of Canadians and overseas over the Internet, and through mobile apps. CBC Radio One is simulcast across Canada on Bell Satellite TV satellite channels 956 and 953, and Shaw Direct satellite channel 870.
A modified version of Radio One, with local content replaced by additional airings of national programming, is available on Sirius XM channel 169. It is downlinked to subscribers via SiriusXM Canada and its U.S.-based counterpart, Sirius XM Satellite Radio.

In 2010, Radio One reached 4.3 million listeners each week. It was the largest radio network in Canada.
Mohammad Ali Gerami Qomi
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Ali Gerami Qomi (Persian:  محمدعلى گرامى قمي; born 1938) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja.

He has studied in seminaries of Qum, Iran under Grand Ayatollah Hussein-Ali Montazeri, Ali Meshkini, Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi, Mohammad Ali Araki, Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani and Mirza Hashem Amoli.

Hashim Larijani
Mirza Hashim Ardashir Amoli Larijani (26 February 1899 – 25 February 1993) was an Iranian Shia scholar of jurisprudence. Born in Larijan, Iran, Hashim is considered the patriarch of the Larijani family.