hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
North China Buffer State Strategy
The North China Buffer State Strategy (華北分離工作, Kahoku Bunri Kōsaku) (simplified Chinese: 华北五省自治; traditional Chinese: 華北五省自治) is the general term for a series of political manoeuvrings Japan undertook in the five provinces of northern China, Hebei, Chahar, Suiyuan, Shanxi, and Shandong. It was an operation to detach all of northern China from the power of the Nationalist Government and put it under Japanese control or influence.

In China the affair is referred to as the "North China Incident" corresponding only to the time between the series of "North China Autonomy Movements" orchestrated by the Japanese army since May 1935 and the founding of the Hebei–Chahar Political Council under Song Zheyuan in December. It is recognized as ranking alongside the Manchurian Incident, the Shanghai Incident, and the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.

January 28 incident
The January 28 incident or Shanghai incident (January 28 – March 3, 1932) was a conflict between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. In apparent response to a mob attack on Japanese Buddhist monks, the Japanese in Shanghai rioted and burned down a factory, killing two Chinese. Heavy fighting broke out, and China appealed to the League of Nations. A truce was finally reached on May 5, calling for Japanese military withdrawal, and an end to Chinese boycotts of Japanese products. It is seen as the first example of a modern war waged in a large city between two heavily equipped armies and as a preview of what was to come during the Second World War.

The episode helped undermine civilian rule in Tokyo; Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi was assassinated on May 15, 1932.
2005 NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour
The 2005 NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour was the inaugural season of the NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour (WSMT) after NASCAR acquired the SMART Modified Tour. It began with the NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour 150 at Caraway Speedway on March 26. It ended with the Whelen 150 at Ace Speedway on October 29. Junior Miller won his first championship in the series, 32 points ahead of series runner up Burt Myers.

Burt Myers
William Burton Myers (born December 30, 1975) is an American professional stock car racing driver who competes full-time on the SMART Modified Tour. He has previously competed in the NASCAR Cup Series, the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, and the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour.

Myers has nineteen career wins and won the 2010 and 2016 NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour Championship, and has won more pole awards than any other driver in the Tour's history. He is also a ten-time track champion at Bowman Gray Stadium.
Elisée Reverchon
Elisée Reverchon (1834, Oullins, near Lyon – 1914, Miribel in the department of Ain) was a French botanical collector.  His brother, Julien Reverchon (1837-1905), was also involved in the field of botany.

A resident of Bollène (department Vaucluse), he engaged himself in botanical missions to southeastern France (from 1867 to 1877), Corsica (1878-1880), Sardinia (1881–82) and Algeria (1881–82). He also conducted botanical investigations in Spain from 1887 and 1906 that are considered to be his most important work. Reverchon edited more than twenty exsiccatae and sold exsiccata-like series of herbarium specimens, among others Plantes de la Corse (1878–80) and Plantes d’Espagne (1892–1906). During his later years, he lived in Lyon.

Some plants with the specific epithet of reverchonii are named in his honor.

Miribel, Ain
Miribel (French pronunciation: [miʁibɛl] ⓘ) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

It is a northeastern suburb of Lyon. There are two railway stations in the commune: Miribel station for trains to Lyon, Ambérieu and Chambéry, and Les Échets station for trains to Lyon and Bourg-en-Bresse.
Krzyżowa Dolina
Krzyżowa Dolina [kʂɨˈʐɔva dɔˈlina] (German: Kreuzthal) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ozimek, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The name of the village is of Polish origin and comes from the word krzyż, which means "cross". It translates to "cross valley".

Opole County, Opole Voivodeship
Opole County (Polish: powiat opolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Opole, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Ozimek, 20 km (12 mi) east of Opole, Niemodlin, 24 km (15 mi) west of Opole, Prószków, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Opole, and Tułowice, 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Opole.

The county covers an area of 1,586.82 square kilometres (612.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 123,487, out of which the population of Ozimek is 8,657, that of Niemodlin is 6,315, that of Tułowice is 4,011, that of Prószków is 2,570, and the rural population is 101,934.
Bakhar Bar
Bakhar Bar is a village and union council near Shahpur Sadar, in Sargodha District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The village is named after by the tribe caste "Bakhar" and they used to write Maher as their sub-caste.  It is situated on the eastern side of the river Jhelum. It is at about 5 kilometers from Shahpur Sadar, and about 35 kilometers from Sargodha. Agricultural land owned by its inhabitants covers 14,000 acres (57 km2), and its population is around 22,000. And, it is largest village of Punjab in term of area which is occupied by a single tribe Bakhar since centuries.
The main crops of Bakhar Bar are sugarcane, wheat, oranges and rice. Bakhar Bar is about 900 years old.   The main occupation of the people is farming; however, a large number of people work in the government service.Bakhar Bar is famous for jts historical Temple which was constructed before Partition of Pakistan and India

Sargodha
Sargodha (/sɑːˈɡəʊdə/; سرگودھا; Punjabi: [sɐɾˈɡoː˦d̪ˑäː]; Urdu: [ˈsəɾˌɡoːˈd̪ʱɑː]) is a city and capital of Sargodha Division, located in central Punjab, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's 11th most populous city and one of the fastest-growing cities of the country. It is also known as the City of Eagles.

It is one of the few planned cities of Pakistan (others include Faisalabad, Islamabad and Gwadar).
Redas Diržys
Redas Diržys (b 1967) is the director of the Art School of Alytus, in Alytus, Lithuania. Apart from this role, he is also known internationally for social art interventions, performance art and socially engaged artistic practices.

He studied at the Estonian Academy of Arts, and served as Director of the Art school in Alytus in 1993. He is the organizer of the Alytus Biennial Festival of Experimental Art, an international event which takes place every 2 years around the school. In 2009 in response to Vilnius being made European City of Culture, the biennial was declared an Art Strike Biennial. At this time Redas also refused the title of artist and started to identify as a psychic worker.

Psychic workers
Psychic worker is the term first used around 2010 by the DAMTP (DAta Miners Travailleurs Psychique) to self define as a union of Data miners and psychic workers. The term was used initially to describe their activities instead of using the term 'artist', in order to "supersede the art strike.". It has subsequently also been used by members of DAMTP to describe and develop their avant-garde activities.

In 2011 the artist Emit Snake-Beings invented the multiple-use name Karen Kranak for their activities with the Industrial Union of Psychic Workers as a breakaway faction from the Industrial Workers of the World union.
Colin Smith (ice hockey)
Colin Smith (born June 20, 1993) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player currently under contract with Eispiraten Crimmitschau of the DEL2. Smith played in the National Hockey League (NHL) and was selected by the Colorado Avalanche in the 7th round (192nd overall) of the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.

Eispiraten Crimmitschau
Eispiraten Crimmitschau is an ice hockey team in Crimmitschau, Germany. They currently play in DEL2, the second level of ice hockey in Germany. Prior to the 2013–14 season they played in the 2nd Bundesliga league. The team is the top squad of the ETC Crimmitschau club.

The club was founded in 1990. They were promoted to the 2nd Bundesliga in 2000.
Clint Jones
Clint Jones (born October 5, 1984) is an American former ski jumper, currently residing in Park City, Utah.  He participated in both the 2002 and 2006 Winter Olympics, earning his best finish of 42nd in the individual large hill at the 2002 event.

Jones' best finish was 32nd in the individual normal hill both at the 2003 and 2005 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships.  He finished 22nd at the 2004 Ski-flying World Championships in Planica.

Jones' best individual World Cup finish was ninth at the large hill event in Kuopio, Finland, on 23 November 2001.  He has a total of four individual Continental Cup career victories from 2002 to 2004.

Planica
Planica (Slovene pronunciation: [plaˈnìːtsa]) is an Alpine valley in northwestern Slovenia, extending south from the border village of Rateče, not far from another well-known ski resort, Kranjska Gora. Further south, the valley extends into the Tamar Valley, a popular hiking destination in Triglav National Park.

Planica is famous for ski jumping. The first ski jumping hill was constructed before 1930 at the slope of Mount Ponca. In 1933, Ivan Rožman constructed a larger hill, known as the Bloudek Giant (Bloudkova velikanka) after Stanko Bloudek, which later gave rise to ski flying. The venue was completed in 1934. The first ski jump over 100 metres (330 ft) in history was achieved at the hill in 1936 by Sepp Bradl. At the time, it was the biggest jumping hill in the world.

In 1969, a new K185 hill, the Gorišek Brothers Flying Hill (Letalnica bratov Gorišek) was built by Vlado and Janez Gorišek. The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2023 were held in Planica.
Charles Kane (business executive)
Charles Kane is a business executive who currently serves as president and chief operations officer of the One Laptop Per Child Association. Kane was promoted to president of OLPC on May 2, 2008. Previously, Kane was the chief financial officer of RSA Security, a security firm acquired by EMC. He also previously served as president and chief executive officer of Corechange, a software firm acquired by Open Text. Since 2006 he has been an adjunct professor at MIT Sloan Graduate School of Management. He is married to Amanda Kempa-Kane, a historian at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, and has two children.

Chief financial officer
A chief financial officer (CFO) is an officer of a company or organization who is assigned the primary responsibility for making decisions for the company for projects and its finances; i.a.: financial planning, management of financial risks, record-keeping, and financial reporting, and, increasingly, the analysis of data.
The CFO thus has ultimate authority over the finance unit and is the chief financial spokesperson for the organization.

The CFO typically reports to the chief executive officer (CEO) and the board of directors and may additionally have a seat on the board. The CFO directly assists the chief operating officer (COO) on all business matters relating to budget management, cost–benefit analysis, forecasting needs, and securing of new funding. Some CFOs have the title CFOO for chief financial and operating officer. In most countries, finance directors (FD) typically report into the CFO, and FD is the level before reaching CFO.
Mandracchio
A mandracchio is a small sheltered harbour reserved for the mooring of small boats and fishing vessels.

Many mandracchios are found in Italy, including at Ancona, Genoa, La Spezia and Muggia. Naples and Trieste also had mandracchios, but they no longer exist. Mandracchios were also found elsewhere in the Mediterranean, including in Slovenia, Greece and Malta.

The cities of Naples, Livorno and San Benedetto del Tronto still have districts called Mandracchio. In Greece, the harbour of Rhodes and the towns of Mandràki Nisyrou in Nisyros and Mandràki Serròn in Serres include mandràki (Greek: μανδράκι), the Greek word for mandracchio, in their names. An area in Valletta, Malta is also known as the Manderaggio (Maltese: Il-Mandraġġ).

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
2023 Italian GT Championship
The 2023 Italian GT Championship was the 32nd season of the Italian GT Championship, the grand tourer-style sports car racing founded by the Italian Automobile Club (Automobile Club d'Italia). The season started on 5 May at Misano and ended on 29 October at Imola. The Sprint Cup championship was won by Jens Klingmann and Bruno Spengler, with the GT3 PRO-AM championship being won by Phillippe Denes and Dmitry Gvazava, GT3 AM was won by the duo of Massimo Ciglia and Guiseppe Fascicolo, Gilles Stadsbader won the GT Cup PRO-AM, and the GT Cup AM was won by Vincenzo Scarpetta.

Misano World Circuit
The Misano World Circuit (officially known as Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli or Misano Circuit Sic 58, and before 2006 called Circuito Internazionale Santa Monica Misano) is a 4.226 km (2.626 mi) race track located next to the town of Misano Adriatico (Province of Rimini) in the frazione of Santa Monica-Cella. Originally designed in 1969 as a length of 3.488 km (2.167 mi), it hosted its first event in 1972. In 1993, the track length was increased to 4.064 km (2.525 mi).

As of 2007, it began hosting the San Marino and Rimini Riviera motorcycle Grand Prix as part of the MotoGP World Championship.

In 2012, the track was renamed to commemorate Marco Simoncelli, a local motorcycle racer who died in 2011.
Bordils-Juià railway station
Bordils-Juià railway station, also known simply as Bordils, is a railway station owned by Adif and located south of the municipality of Bordils, in the comarca of Gironès, Catalonia, Spain. The station lies on the Barcelona–Cerbère railway and is served by trains of the R11 regional line and the RG1 commuter line, both operated by Renfe Operadora.

The station opened in 1877 with the inauguration of the section between Girona and Figueres, built by the Companyia dels Ferrocarrils de Tarragona a Barcelona i França (TBF).

Before 2007 most regional trains did not stop at Bordils-Juià. The local association "Plataforma El Tren Viu" campaigned for more regional trains to call here and for the station to be included in a proposed commuter rail network for Girona. Complaints also included the lack of a ticket office, ticket vending machines, and shelters. The station has no underground pedestrian crossing.

In 2016 the station registered 7,000 passenger entries.

Figueres
Figueres (Catalan: [fiˈɣeɾəs] ⓘ; Spanish: Figueras [fiˈɣeɾas] ⓘ) is the capital city of Alt Empordà County, in the Girona region, Catalonia, Spain. The town is the birthplace of artist Salvador Dalí, and houses the Dalí Theatre and Museum, a large museum designed by Dalí himself which attracts many visitors. It is also the birthplace of Narcís Monturiol, inventor of the first successful machine-powered submarine. Also born here was Mónica Naranjo, one of the best-selling Spanish singers of the 1990s and 2000s.
Panagyurishte Nunatak
Panagyurishte Nunatak (Nunatak Panagyurishte \'nu-na-tak pa-na-'gyu-ri-shte\) is a rocky peak of elevation 150 m projecting from Yakoruda Glacier, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The peak is named after the town of Panagyurishte in central Bulgaria.

Yakoruda Glacier
Yakoruda Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Якоруда, romanized: lednik Yakoruda, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik jakoˈrudɐ]) is a glacier on the west slopes of Dryanovo Heights, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated west of Teteven Glacier and northwest of Murgash Glacier.   It extends 3.5 km in north-south direction and 2.5 km in east-west direction, is bounded by Greaves Peak, Hrabar Nunatak and Crutch Peaks to the north, Lloyd Hill to the east and Kerseblept Nunatak to the south, and drains westwards into Berende Cove, McFarlane Strait.

The feature is named after the town of Yakoruda in southwestern Bulgaria.
KPMG tax shelter fraud
The KPMG tax shelter fraud scandal involved illegal U.S. tax shelters by KPMG that were exposed beginning in 2003. In early 2005, the United States member firm of KPMG International, KPMG LLP, was accused by the United States Department of Justice of fraud in marketing abusive tax shelters.

Sidley Austin
Sidley Austin LLP is an American multinational law firm with approximately 2,300 lawyers in 21 offices across the world, including North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. It was established in 1866 and  its headquarters is at One South Dearborn in Chicago's Loop. It is one of the largest law firms in the world in terms of revenue. Among its notable alumni are former U.S. President Barack Obama and current U.S. Vice President JD Vance.
Andrzej Gajewski (canoeist)
Andrzej Gajewski (born 29 August 1964 in Śrem) is a Polish sprint canoeist who competed from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. He won two medals in the K-4 10000 m event at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver in 1990 and a bronze in 1989.

Gajewski also finished sixth in the K-1 1000 m event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Prospect Hill virus
Prospect Hill virus is a single-stranded, negative-sense Hantaan-like zoonotic RNA virus isolated from meadow voles and microtine and other cricetid rodents in the United States. It has a widespread distribution in Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Minnesota and California. The overall risk of infection in humans is low. It was first isolated from a meadow vole found in Prospect Hill, Maryland for which it is named.

Arvicolinae
The Arvicolinae are a subfamily of rodents that includes the voles, lemmings, and muskrats.  They are most closely related to the other subfamilies in the Cricetidae (comprising the hamsters and New World rats and mice).  Some authorities place the subfamily Arvicolinae in the family Muridae along with all other members of the superfamily Muroidea.  Some refer to the subfamily as the Microtinae (yielding the adjective "microtine") or rank the taxon as a full family, the Arvicolidae.

The Arvicolinae are the most populous group of Rodentia in the Northern Hemisphere.  They often are found in fossil occlusions of bones cached by past predators such as owls and other birds of prey.  Fossils of this group are often used for biostratigraphic dating of paleontological and archeological sites in North America and Europe.
Chuchmany
Chuchmany (Ukrainian: Чучмани́) – a small village (selo) in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv (province) of Western Ukraine. It belongs to Busk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

About 297 people currently live in the village and local government is administered by the Humnyska village council.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
1984 Volvo International – Doubles
Mark Edmondson and Sherwood Stewart were the defending champions but lost in the semifinals to Brian Gottfried and Tomáš Šmíd.

Gottfried and Šmíd won in the final 6–4, 6–2 against Cássio Motta and Blaine Willenborg.

Blaine Willenborg
Blaine Willenborg (born January 4, 1960) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

Willenborg enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career he won 7 doubles titles and finished runner-up an additional 9 times. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 13 in 1988.  His career high singles ranking was world No. 50, which he reached on September 9, 1984.
James Butler (1651–1696)
James Butler (1651–1696) was an English politician. He was Member of Parliament for Arundel from 1679 to 1685 and 1690. Butler was a member of the wealthy Butler family who were influential figures in the county of Sussex. Butler himself was from Amberley, West Sussex.

Arundel (UK Parliament constituency)
Arundel was twice a parliamentary constituency in the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the United Kingdom. The first incarnation strictly comprised the town centre of Arundel and was a borough constituency in Sussex first enfranchised in 1295 and disfranchised in 1868 under the Reform Act 1867. Arundel initially elected two members, but this was reduced to one in 1832 by the Great Reform Act.

The second incarnation was broader, reaching to Bognor Regis. It was created by the Boundary Commission in the 1974 boundary changes, and existed until 1997. This Arundel seat elected only one member. The territory previously covered by Arundel was split between Arundel & South Downs and Bognor Regis & Littlehampton constituencies.
Oil and Gas Operations Act
The Oil and Gas Operations Act (French: Loi sur les opérations pétrolières) is a legislation that legally gives the Government of the Northwest Territories the right to govern onshore “exploration, production, processing and transportation of oil and gas resources in the Northwest Territories”.

It was introduced as Bill-15 within Bill C-15 of the Northwest Territories Devolution Act on December 3, 2013, in the House of Commons by then-Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Bernard Valcourt. The Act became an official law after receiving the Royal Assent on March 25, 2014, and is in effect as of April 1, 2014.

Government of the Northwest Territories
The Government of the Northwest Territories (French: gouvernement des Territoires du Nord-Ouest) is the body responsible for the administration of the Canadian territory of the Northwest Territories. In modern Canadian use, the term Government of the Northwest Territories refers specifically to the executive—political ministers of the Crown (the Cabinet / Executive Council) who are appointed on the advice of the premier. Ministers direct the non-partisan civil service, who staff ministries and agencies to deliver government policies, programs, and services. The executive corporately brands itself as the Government of the Northwest Territories.

The Northwest Territories operates as a consensus government. The premier of the Northwest Territories is elected by the Legislative Assembly and ministers are selected by the Legislative Assembly, but their portfolios are assigned by the Premier.