hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Predeal Pass
Predeal Pass (Romanian: Pasul Predeal, Hungarian: Tömösi-szoros) is a mountain pass (elevation 1,033 m (3,389 ft)) in the Carpathian Mountains in Romania. It connects the Prahova River valley to the south with the lowlands around Brașov to the north. It separates the Southern Carpathians (Bucegi Mountains) from the Eastern Carpathians (Piatra Mare Mountains). It is an important passage for traffic between southern Romania (including the capital Bucharest) and central Romania (eastern Transylvania), crossed by National Road 1 and the Bucharest—Brașov railway. The town Predeal is situated near the pass.

Southern Carpathians
The Southern Carpathians (also known as the Transylvanian Alps; Romanian: Carpații Meridionali [karˈpatsij ˌmeridi.oˈnalʲ]; Hungarian: Déli-Kárpátok) are a group of mountain ranges located in southern Romania. They cover the part of the Carpathian Mountains located between the Prahova River in the east and the Timiș and Cerna Rivers in the west. To the south they are bounded by the Balkan Mountains in eastern Serbia.
Peter Schlagenhauf
Peter Schlagenhauf (born March 19, 1960) is a retired Swiss professional ice hockey right winger who last played for GCK Lions in the National League B. He also represented the Swiss national team at several international tournaments, including the 1988 Winter Olympics.

Ice hockey at the 1988 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, was the 16th Olympic Championship. The Soviet Union won its seventh gold medal. The silver medal was won by Finland, marking its first ever Olympic ice hockey medal. Sweden won the bronze medal. Games were held in the Olympic Saddledome, the Stampede Corral, and Father David Bauer Olympic Arena. This is so far the only Olympic tournament held on North American soil that was not won by either Canada or United States.

The IIHF did not run a championship in Olympic years at this time. Nations that did not participate in the Calgary Olympics were invited to compete in the final Thayer Tutt Trophy.
WRFE
WRFE (89.3 MHz) is a non-commercial, listener-supported  FM radio station in Chesterfield, South Carolina.  It broadcasts a Southern Gospel radio format, on a network known as "Joy FM."  WRFE is owned by Positive Alternative Radio, Inc. and features programming from Salem Radio Network.

Salem Radio Network
Salem Radio Network is a United States–based radio network that specializes in syndicated Christian political talk, music, and conservative secular news/talk programming. It is a division of the Salem Media Group.
Axius (crustacean)
Axius is a genus of mud lobster containing the following species:

Axius armatus  S. I. Smith, 1881

†Axius hofstedtae  Hyžný, Jakobsen & Fraaije, 2017

†Axius lineadactylus  (Fraaije, Van Bakel, Jagt & Mollen, 2011)

†Axius reticulatus  Rathbun, 1918

Axius serratus  Stimpson, 1852

Axius stirynchus  Leach, 1815

†Axius texensis  (Franţescu, 2014)

Axius serratus
Axius serratus is a species of thalassinidean crustacean found off the Atlantic coast of Canada and the United States, from Nova Scotia to Maryland. It is capable of living in areas which are so polluted that other benthic animals cannot survive.
2014 Moldovan Super Cup
The 2014 Moldovan Super Cup was the eighth Moldovan Super Cup (Romanian: Supercupa Moldovei), an annual Moldovan football match played by the winner of the national football league (the National Division) and the winner of the national Cup. The match was played between Zimbru Chișinău, winners of the 2013–14 Moldovan Cup, and Sheriff Tiraspol, champions of the 2013–14 National Division. It was  held at the Sheriff Stadium on 27 June 2014.Zimbru won 4–3 on penalties, after the match finished 1–1 after 90 minutes.

Moldovan Cup
The Moldovan Cup (Romanian: Cupa Moldovei), officially known as Cupa Orange for sponsorship reasons, is a football competition, held annually in Moldova. The winner qualifies for the UEFA Europa League first qualifying round.
DNA-dependent ATPase
DNA-dependent ATPase, abbreviated Dda and also known as Dda helicase and Dda DNA helicase, is the 439-amino acid 49897 dalton protein coded by the Dda gene of the bacteriophage T4 phage, a virus that infects enterobacteria.

Escherichia virus T4
Escherichia virus T4 is a species of bacteriophages that infects Escherichia coli bacteria. It is a double-stranded DNA virus in the subfamily Tevenvirinae of the family Straboviridae.  T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic life cycle and not the lysogenic life cycle. The species was formerly named  T-even bacteriophage, a name which also encompasses, among other strains (or isolates), Enterobacteria phage T2, Enterobacteria phage T4 and Enterobacteria phage T6.
Hasanbegović
Hasanbegović is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jado Hasanbegović (born 1948), Yugoslav footballer

Marijana Mišković-Hasanbegović (born 1982), Croatian judoka

Melisa Hasanbegović (born 1995), Bosnian footballer

Mirza Hasanbegovic (born 2001), Swedish-born Bosnian footballer

Nedim Hasanbegović (born 1988), German footballer

Nela Hasanbegović (born 1984), Bosnia and Herzegovina sculptor

Zlatko Hasanbegović (born 1973), Croatian politician and historian

Nela Hasanbegović
Nela Hasanbegović (born 21 January 1984) is a Bosnian sculptor. She graduated from the High School of High Arts in Sarajevo in the Department of Sculpting in 2002. She then graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Sarajevo in 2007. She is a member of the Association of Visual Artists of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2007. Since 2011, she is a member of the Association of Culture and Red Arts. She participated in many solo and group exhibitions.
Matt Regan
Matt Regan was one of the original team that launched UK multiformat videogame magazine Mean Machines. He and Julian Rignall started off as the two main reviewers.

According to the first issues' editorial, he was a keen Amiga player before joining the magazine and being "converted" to consoles. However his heart wasn't really in it and after a few issues it was obvious he couldn't get excited about consoles. Many of Matt's review comments were actually penned by Richard Leadbetter as Gary Harrod didn't have time to create Rich in cartoon form until issue 9.

He left in issue 9. He reappeared in fellow EMAP publications Sinclair User and PC Leisure, then joined PC Format magazine.

Ascential
Ascential (formerly EMAP) was a British-headquartered global company, specialising in events, intelligence and advisory services for the marketing and financial technology industries. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Informa in October 2024.
Elbow method (clustering)
In cluster analysis, the elbow method is a heuristic used in determining the number of clusters in a data set. The method consists of plotting the explained variation as a function of the number of clusters and picking the elbow of the curve as the number of clusters to use. The same method can be used to choose the number of parameters in other data-driven models, such as the number of principal components to describe a data set.

The method can be traced to speculation by Robert L. Thorndike in 1953.

Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.
Sweet Surrender (David Gates song)
"Sweet Surrender" is a song written by David Gates and performed by Bread. The single was the second release from their fifth album, Guitar Man, and was the last of four No.1 hits for Bread on the US Easy Listening chart. "Sweet Surrender" spent two weeks at No.1 on the chart, while on the Billboard Hot 100, it peaked at No.15.

"Sweet Surrender" also did well internationally.  It was a Top 10 hit in Canada (No.4) and New Zealand (No.7).

Record World called it a "David Gates beauty that is sure to please Bread lovers immensely."

David Gates
David Ashworth Gates (born December 11, 1940) is a retired American singer-songwriter, musician and producer, who is best known for being the frontman and co-lead singer (with Jimmy Griffin) of the group Bread, which reached the top of the musical charts in Europe and North America on several occasions in the 1970s. The band was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.
VPB-94
VPB-94 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 94 (VP-94) on 3 March 1942, redesignated as Patrol Bombing Squadron 94 (VPB-94) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 22 December 1944. It operated the PBY-5A Catalina throughout its operational history.

Quonset Point Air National Guard Station
Quonset Point Air National Guard Station is the home base of the Rhode Island Air National Guard 143rd Airlift Wing. Naval Air Station (NAS) Quonset Point was a United States Naval Base in Quonset Point, Rhode Island, that was deactivated in 1974. Next to NAS Quonset Point was Camp Endicott at Davisville, home of the Naval Construction Battalions known as the Seabees. Quonset Point also gave its name to the Quonset hut, a standardized prefabricated building used by the U.S. military starting in World War II.  Former US President Richard M. Nixon went through basic naval officer training at Quonset Point in 1942.
Old Luce
Old Luce is a civil parish in Dumfries and Galloway,  Scotland. It lies in the Machars peninsula, in the traditional county of Wigtownshire. The parish is around 10 miles (16 km) long and 8 miles (13 km) broad, and contains 40,350 acres (16,330 ha).

It was anciently named Glenluce which was divided in 1646 into two parts, the northern one named New Luce, and the southern one named Old Luce.
 In 1661 the two parishes of Old and New Luce were reunited for a time, and when the 1684 Wigtownshire Parish List was recorded, it listed both Old Luce and New Luce under “Glenluce Parish”. In 1688, after the Glorious Revolution, the separation of Old Luce and New Luce became permanent. Old Luce has a Community Council.

Machars
The Machars (Scottish Gaelic: Machair Ghallghaidhealaibh) is a peninsula in the historical county of Wigtownshire in Galloway in the south-west of Scotland.  Its name (in Scots and English) is derived from the Gaelic word Machair meaning low-lying or level land, known as "links" on the east coast of Scotland.  Although there are no high peaks in The Machars, it is not flat and would best be described as undulating or rolling, and is home to hills such as Cairnsmore of Fleet and Merrick Hill. The North Atlantic Drift or Gulf Stream creates a mild climate, and dolphins and basking sharks are frequently seen in the seas.
Public opinion of interracial marriage in the United States
Public opinion of interracial marriage in the United States has changed substantially since the 1940s. Today, support for interracial marriage is near-universal.

Opposition to interracial marriage was frequently based on religious principles. The overwhelming majority of white Southern evangelical Christians saw racial segregation, including on matters of marriage, as something that was divinely instituted from God. They held that legal recognition of interracial couples would violate biblical teaching and hence their religious liberty. This position was held by prominent evangelical denominations such as the Southern Baptist Convention until the late-20th century.

A 2011 poll found that 46% of Mississippi Republicans polled said they think interracial marriage should be illegal. A further 14% were not sure.

Public opinion
Public opinion, or popular opinion, is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them.

In the 21st century, public opinion is heavily influenced by the media; many studies have been undertaken which look at the different factors which influence public opinion. Politicians and other people concerned with public opinion often attempt to influence it using advertising or rhetoric. Opinion plays a vital role in uncovering some critical decisions. Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is a method used to mine the thoughts or feelings of the general population. One of the struggles of public opinion is how it can be influenced by misinformation.
Contract of carriage
A contract of carriage is a contract between a carrier of cargo or passengers and the consignor, consignee or passenger. Contracts of carriage define the rights, duties and liabilities of parties to the contract, addressing topics such as acts of God and including clauses such as force majeure (removing liability for extraordinary occurrences beyond control of the parties). Among common carriers, the terms and conditions of the contract may be printed on the reverse of a ticket or carriage document.

For cargo shipments, notification of a shipment’s arrival is usually sent to the "notify party", whose address appears on the shipping document. This party is usually either the buyer or the importer.

Legal liability
In law, liable means  "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated". Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agencies. The claimant is the one who seeks to establish, or prove, liability.
Murray Sugar Free Cookies
Murray Sugar Free Cookies, also known as the Murray Biscuit Company, is a commercial bakery  in Augusta, Georgia, United States, that produces calorie-reduced biscuits. The company is part of the Ferrero Group, an Italian company best known for its Nutella hazelnut spread, and operates as a division of Ferrero U.S.A., Inc. It was founded by John L. Murray, a salesperson who accepted a cookie machine as payment for a $500 debt.

In 1965, the company was sold to Beatrice Foods.

On April 1, 2019, it was announced that Kellogg's was selling Murray's and its other cookie bakeries to Ferrero SpA for $1.4 billion. On July 29, 2019, that sale was completed.

Nutella
Nutella (UK: /nʌˈtɛlə/ nuh-TEL-ə, US: /nuːˈtɛlə/ ⓘ noo-TEL-ə, Italian: [nuˈtɛlla]; stylized in all lowercase) is a brand of sweetened hazelnut cocoa spread. Nutella is manufactured by the Italian company Ferrero and was introduced in 1964, although its first iteration dates to 1963.
Privatbrauerei Hofmühl
Privatbrauerei Hofmühl is the sole brewery located in Eichstätt, Germany.

The brewery was founded in 1492 by Wilhelm von Reichenau. Hofmühl is recognized as an eco-friendly brewery and saves about 60% of its yearly energy consumption through the "Merlin" beer technique and solar energy. Among the awards that Hofmühl's beers have received are the Golden DLG Prize (awarded yearly) and the Bayerischer Energiepreis 2008 for solar technology. The brewery is particularly well known for its Hefeweizen and Helles.

Wheat beer
Wheat beer is a top-fermented beer which is brewed with a large proportion of wheat relative to the amount of malted barley. The two main varieties are German Weizenbier and Belgian witbier; other types include Lambic (made with wild yeast), Berliner Weisse (a cloudy, sour beer), and Gose (a sour, salty beer).
2025 Hopman Cup
The Hopman Cup XXXIII was the 33rd edition of the Hopman Cup, a tennis tournament between nations in men's and women's tennis. It took place from 16 to 20 July 2025 on hardcourts in Bari, Italy, at the Fiera Del Levante exhibition and convention centre. After a one-year absence, on 3 April 2025, the International Tennis Federation (ITF) announced that the Hopman Cup would return for the 2025 tennis season in July.
Canada's Bianca Andreescu and Félix Auger-Aliassime defeated Italy's Lucia Bronzetti and Flavio Cobolli in the final to win their country's first Hopman Cup title.

Hopman Cup
The Hopman Cup is an international tennis tournament that plays mixed teams (one male and one female) on a country-by-country basis. It was first held in Perth, Western Australia each year from 1989 to 2019, played on indoor hardcourt, before being replaced on the calendar in 2020 by the now defunct ATP Cup, which was in turn replaced by the United Cup. The tournament was played in an eight-team format, with the exception for the years 1990-1995, with twelve teams competing. It returned in July 2023 in Nice, France and was played on outdoor clay, with six teams invited to participate. This continued in 2025, with the tournament being held in Bari, Italy on hard courts.
Your Friend (band)
Taryn Blake Miller (born in 1991 on April 10) who performs as Your Friend, is a musician from Kansas, now based in New York. Miller identifies as GNC/trans-masculine and uses they/them/theirs pronouns.

Miller was born in Winfield, Kansas. They studied music at Cowley Community College for two years before moving to Lawrence to pursue a degree in linguistics at the University of Kansas. Miller produced their first album, Jekyll/Hyde, using $1,000 in prize money from a KJHK-hosted battle of the bands. They signed with Domino Recording Company in February 2014.

Winfield, Kansas
Winfield is a city in and the county seat of Cowley County, Kansas, United States.  It is situated along the Walnut River in south central Kansas.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 11,777.  It is home to Southwestern College.
Gegenes nostrodamus
Gegenes nostrodamus, commonly known as the dingy swift, light pygmy skipper, Mediterranean skipper or veloz de las rieras, is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It is found from the Mediterranean Sea, through Anatolia to Turkestan and India.

The length of the forewings is 15–16 mm. Adults are on wing from May to October in multiple generations.

The larvae feed on various grasses, including Gramineae, Aeluropus (in the Sinai Desert) and Aerulopus and Panicum species.

Aeluropus
Aeluropus is a genus of Eurasian and African plants in the grass family, found primarily in desert regions.

Species

Aeluropus badghyzii Tzvelev - Turkmenistan

Aeluropus laciniatus Khodash. - Iran

Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Thwaites - Mediterranean, Sahara, and Asia from Mauritania + Sicily to Kazakhstan + Nicobar Islands

Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl. - Mediterranean + Asia from Spain + Morocco to China

Aeluropus macrostachyus Hack. - Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan

Aeluropus pilosus (X.L.Yang) S.L.Chen & X.L.Yang - Xinjiang

formerly included

see Dactylis Odyssea

Aeluropus arabicus - Odyssea mucronata

Aeluropus mucronatus - Odyssea mucronata

Aeluropus pungens (Vahl) Boiss 1884 not K.Koch 1848 - Odyssea mucronata

Aeluropus smithii - Dactylis smithii
Evan van Moerkerke
Evan van Moerkerke (born August 16, 1993) is a Canadian competitive swimmer. van Moerkerke won a silver at the 2015 Pan American Games in the 4 x 100 m freestyle relay.

In 2016, he was named to Canada's Olympic team for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

He is in his fourth year studying agricultural science at the University of Guelph. He comes from a family farm in Tillsonburg, Ontario

Swimming at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
The men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay competition of the swimming events at the 2015 Pan American Games took place on July 14 at the CIBC Pan Am/Parapan Am Aquatics Centre and Field House in Toronto, Canada. The defending Pan American Games champion is Brazil.

This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. Each of the four swimmers completed two lengths of the pool. The first swimmer had to touch the wall before the second could leave the starting block.
Alticor
Alticor is a privately owned American corporation run by the DeVos and Van Andel families. It was established in 1999 to serve as the parent company for a handful of business ventures, most notably the multi-level marketing company Amway and Amway Global, and a manufacturing and distribution company, Access Business Group.

In 2006, Alticor purchased cosmetics maker Gurwitch Products from Neiman Marcus Group Inc. and operated it as a wholly owned subsidiary until Gurwitch was acquired by Shiseido in 2016.

Shiseido
Shiseido Company, Limited (Japanese: 株式会社資生堂, Hepburn: Kabushiki gaisha Shiseidō; pronounced [ɕiseꜜːdoː]) is a Japanese multinational cosmetic company founded in Tokyo, Japan in 1872. Its product categories consist of: skin care, makeup, body care, hair care, and fragrances. The company is one of the oldest cosmetic companies in the world and celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2022. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fifth largest cosmetic company in the world. In Japan, Shiseido is available at cosmetic counters at selected department stores and most pharmacies. The company owns numerous brands and subsidiaries worldwide, in addition to its founding label. The company is headquartered in Tokyo, and is traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, where it is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX Large70 indices.
Kansas City Southern Railway Locomotive No. 73D and Caboose No. 385
The Kansas City Southern Railway Locomotive No. 73D and Caboose No. 385 are historic railroad equipment located near Arkansas Highway 59 and Church Street in Decatur, Arkansas.  The locomotive is an EMD F7A built in 1950, and used in service by the Kansas City Southern Railway until 1991, although it was converted to a slug unit sometime in the 1970s and the body was filled with concrete and old wheels.  The caboose was built in 1952 by the Louisiana and Arkansas Railroad, a division of Kansas City Southern, and used in service until 1991.  Both were purchased in 1991 by Peterson Farms, restored, and placed on display near the former Kansas City Southern depot in Decatur.

The locomotive and caboose were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Louisiana and Arkansas Railway
The Louisiana and Arkansas Railway (reporting mark LA) was a railroad that operated in the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas.  The railroad's main line extended 332 miles, from Hope, Arkansas to Shreveport and New Orleans.  Branch lines served Vidalia, Louisiana (opposite Natchez, Mississippi), and Dallas, Texas.
Laver (surname)
Laver is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arnold Laver, British timber merchant

Arthur Laver (1880–1965), South African cricket umpire

Augustus Laver (1834–1898), Canadian architect

Basil Laver (1894–1934), British surgeon

Frank Laver (1869–1919), Australian cricketer and baseball player

Jack Laver (1917–2017), Australian cricketer

James Laver (1899–1975), English fashion historian, writer, and curator

John Laver (1938–2020), British phonetician

Les Laver (1900–1982), Australian rules footballer

Richard Laver (1942–2012), American mathematician known for his work in set theory

Rod Laver (born 1938), Australian tennis player

Rudolph Laver (1872–1946), German-Australian electrical engineer

Frank Laver
Frank Jonas Laver (7 December 1869 – 24 September 1919) was an Australian cricketer and baseball player. He played in 15 Test matches between 1899 and 1909 and visited England as a player and team manager on four occasions. An accomplished photographer and author, he wrote an illustrated account of his 1899 and 1905 tours of England, An Australian Cricketer on Tour.