hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Acoustic wave equation
In physics, the acoustic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that governs the propagation of acoustic waves through a material medium resp. a standing wavefield.  The equation describes the evolution of acoustic pressure p or particle velocity u as a function of position x and time t. A simplified (scalar) form of the equation describes acoustic waves in only one spatial dimension, while a more general form describes waves in three dimensions.

For lossy media, more intricate models need to be applied in order to take into account frequency-dependent attenuation and phase speed. Such models include acoustic wave equations that incorporate fractional derivative terms, see also the acoustic attenuation article or the survey paper.

Angular frequency
In physics, angular frequency (symbol ω), also called angular speed and angular rate, is a scalar measure of the angle rate (the angle per unit time) or the temporal rate of change of the phase argument of a sinusoidal waveform or sine function (for example, in oscillations and waves).
Angular frequency (or angular speed) is the magnitude of the pseudovector quantity angular velocity.

Angular frequency can be obtained by multiplying rotational frequency, ν (or ordinary frequency, f) by a full turn (2π radians): ω = 2π rad⋅ν.
It can also be formulated as ω = dθ/dt, the instantaneous rate of change of the angular displacement, θ, with respect to time, t.
Dalry, Edinburgh
Dalry (/dælˈraɪ/) is an area of the Scottish capital city of Edinburgh. It is located close to the city centre, between Haymarket and Gorgie. The area is now primarily residential. It is centred around Dalry Road, which has numerous shops, restaurants and small businesses. Lying outside the old city walls and west of the castle, the area began as part of the agricultural estate of Dalry House (constructed in 1661), the exception being the Dalry Mill, recorded as the oldest paper mill in Scotland, now demolished.

In the Victorian period industrial development followed along with large scale tenement construction, new road layouts and the addition of railway infrastructure, all of which came to occupy the former fields. By the early 21st century most of the industry of Dalry has disappeared, with the former sites converted to private housing.

City of Edinburgh Council
The City of Edinburgh Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Baile Dhùn Èideann) is the local government authority covering the City of Edinburgh council area. Almost half of the council area is the built-up area of Edinburgh, capital of Scotland. With a population of 530,680 in 2024, it is the second most populous local authority area in Scotland.

The council took on its current form in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, replacing the City of Edinburgh District Council of the Lothian region, which had been created in 1975. The history of local government in Edinburgh, however, stretches back much further. Around 1130, David I made the town a royal burgh and a burgh council, based at the Old Tolbooth is recorded continuously from the 14th century.

The council is currently based in Edinburgh City Chambers with a main office nearby at Waverley Court.
Georges Duthuit
Georges Duthuit (1891–1973) was a French writer, art critic and historian. Duthuit was the editor for the new iteration of the literary journal transition, titled Transition, from 1948-1950.

Duthuit was a key commentator on Matisse (his father-in-law), Nicolas de Staël, Jean-Paul Riopelle, and Bram van Velde. He maintained a close association with the surrealists, particularly André Masson. In 1939, he was among the intellectuals convened for George Bataille's College of Sociology. Part of his correspondences on contemporary art with Samuel Beckett form the text Three Dialogues, originally published in Transition 49.

In 1923 he married Marguerite Matisse (1894-1982), daughter of Henri Matisse.  They had one son, Claude (born 1931).

College of Sociology
The College of Sociology (French: Collège de Sociologie) was a loosely-knit group of French intellectuals, named after the informal discussion series that they held in Paris between 1937 and 1939, when it was disrupted by the war. Its main objective was to find out signs of the sacred in everyday social life.
Milan Karlíček
Milan Karlíček (born February 6, 1981) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman.

Karlíček played nine games in the Czech Extraliga, two for HC Barum Continental Zlín during the 1999–2000 season and seven for HC Oceláři Třinec during the 2003–04 season. He also played in the Polska Liga Hokejowa for GKS Katowice and JKH GKS Jastrzębie and in the Tipsport Liga in Slovakia for HK 36 Skalica.

Slovak Extraliga
The Slovak Extraliga, known as the Tipsport liga since the 2025–26 season for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level ice hockey league in Slovakia. From 2018–19 to 2020–21, the league included one or two teams from Hungary.

Teams from the Extraliga can participate in the IIHF's annual Champions Hockey League (CHL). Participation is based on the strength of the various leagues in Europe (excluding the KHL). In the 2022–23 CHL season, the Extraliga was ranked the No. 10 league in Europe, so the champion of the previous season competed in the CHL.

The 1993–94 season was the first of the Slovak Extraliga following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season – which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion.
Peter and Oliver Tufts House
The Peter and Oliver Tufts House (also known as the Peter Tufts House) is a historic house in Somerville, Massachusetts.  Built about 1714, it is one of the oldest houses in the city's Winter Hill neighborhood, and was owned in the 19th century by members of the Tufts family responsible for developing the city's brickyards.   The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Somerville, Massachusetts
Somerville (/ˈsʌmərvɪl/ SUM-ər-vil) is a city located directly to the northwest of Boston, and north of Cambridge, in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the city had a total population of 81,045 people. With an area of 4.12 square miles (10.7 km2), the city has a density of 19,671/sq mi (7,595/km2), making it the most densely populated municipality in New England and the 19th most densely populated incorporated municipality in the country. Somerville was established as a town in 1842, when it was separated from Charlestown. In 2006, the city was named the best-run city in Massachusetts by The Boston Globe. In 1972, 2009, and 2015, the city received the All-America City Award. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus along the Somerville and Medford border.
ATP5H
The human gene ATP5PD encodes subunit d of the peripheral stalk part of the enzyme mitochondrial ATP synthase.

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, F0, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the d subunit of the Fo complex. 
Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. In addition, three pseudogenes are located on chromosomes 9, 12 and 15.

Chromosome 12
Chromosome 12 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 12 spans about 133 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

Chromosome 12 contains the Homeobox C gene cluster.
Video pointer
Video pointer is a device used to highlight or mark a specific location on a video display. The device is often equipped with a video input and output ports and a joystick to manipulate the motion of a pointer-cursor. Video pointers utilize video overlay technology to superimpose an image of a pointer-cursor over another video stream. Video pointers may also be equipped with other features such as selection of the type and shape of the cursor, image intensity control, and cursor size and color control.

Video pointers are commonly used in news and sports broadcasts, video presentations, video surveillance, medical documentary applications, etc.

Display device
A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual or tactile form (the latter used for example in tactile electronic displays for blind people). When the input information that is supplied has an electrical signal the display is called an electronic display.

Common applications for electronic visual displays are television sets or computer monitors.
Henchir-Mâtria
Henchir-Mâtria is an archaeological and prehistoric site in northern Tunisia.
Henchir-Mâtria is at 36°31′23.4″N 9°13′11.1″E﻿ / ﻿36.523167°N 9.219750°E﻿ / 36.523167; 9.219750, between Béja and Dougga and elevation of 407 metres (1,335 feet). It is on the Oued el Beida River.

Sahel, Tunisia
The Tunisian Sahel (Arabic: الساحل) or more precisely the Central East Tunisia is an area of central eastern Tunisia and one of the six Tunisian regions. It stretches along the eastern shore, from Bouficha in the north to Melloulèche in the south, it includes 3 governorates: Sousse, Monastir and Mahdia. Its name derives from the Arabic word sāḥil (ساحل), meaning "shore" or "coast".
The region's economy is based especially on tourism and it contains the second-biggest airport in Tunisia: Monastir Habib Bourguiba International Airport.
INS Romach (1981)
INS Romach is an Israeli missile boat of the Shayetet 3 Flotilla, one of ten Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boats. She was launched in 1981 by Israel Shipyards at the Port of Haifa. She has been a part of Israeli Navy since October 1981.

Israeli Navy
The Israeli Navy (Hebrew: חיל הים הישראלי‎, Ḥeil HaYam HaYisraeli, lit. '[The] Israeli Sea Corps'; Arabic: البحرية الإسرائيلية) is the naval warfare service arm of the Israel Defense Forces, operating primarily in the Mediterranean Sea theater as well as the Gulf of Eilat and the Red Sea theater. The current commander of the Israeli Navy is Rear Admiral David Saar Salama. The Israeli Navy is believed to be responsible for maintaining Israel's offshore nuclear second strike capability.
Alfonzo Giordano
Alfonzo J. Giordano Jr. (February 7, 1937 – November 21, 2013) was a senior ranking officer in the Philadelphia Police Department (PPD), having achieved the rank of Inspector and was part of the homicide division, before his retirement in 1982. In 1986, he was convicted of accepting $57,000 in bribes. Giordano admitted receiving more than $45,000 in bribes in 1979, and more than $12,000 in early 1980 when he was commander of Philadelphia's East Division.  The payoffs were from various operators of illegal lotteries and from sports betting operations that thrived in the blue-collar neighborhoods.

Giordano is notable as being the "right hand man" of Frank Rizzo. He maintained a position of a high-ranking officer in the department throughout Rizzo's tenure as police commissioner and mayor. He was a member of the police force during the summer of 1964 when race riots devoured much of the city.

1964 Philadelphia race riot
The Philadelphia race riot, or Columbia Avenue Riot, took place in the predominantly black neighborhoods of North Philadelphia from August 28 to August 30, 1964. Tensions between black residents of the city and police had been escalating for several months over several well-publicized allegations of police brutality.

This riot was one of the first in the civil rights era and followed the 1964 Rochester race riot and Harlem riot of 1964 in New York City.
Waris Shah
Pir Waris Shah (Punjabi: وارث شاہ  (Shahmukhi); 1722 – 1798) was an 18th-century Punjabi Muslim Sufi poet of the Chishti order, known popularly for his contribution to Punjabi literature.

He is primarily known as the author of the Heer Ranjha love poem. It's about one of the most popular tragic romances of Punjab. Traditionally, this love poem is recited in bhairavi raga and this continues to be done even today.

Bhairavi (Hindustani)
Bhairavi (Hindi: भैरवी, Urdu: بَھیرَوی , Sindhi: راڳ ڀيروي, Bengali: ভৈরবী) is a Hindustani Classical heptatonic (Sampurna) raga of Bhairavi thaat. In Western musical terms, raga Bhairavi employs the notes of the Phrygian mode, one of the traditional European church modes.
Jacek Sawaszkiewicz
Jacek Sawaszkiewicz (10 September 1947 – 11 June 1999) was a Polish science fiction writer and satirist. He was also a contributor to the satirical magazine Karuzela and Polish radio broadcast Polskie Radio Szczecin.

He made his debut with a story "Sanatorium" (Karuzela, 1972). His book debut was Czekając (1978). Sawaszkiewicz is known for his social science fiction Kronika Akaszy series.

Polskie Radio
The Polish Radio (PR; Polish: Polskie Radio, PR) is a national public-service radio broadcasting organization of Poland, founded in 1925. It is owned by the State Treasury of Poland. On 27 December 2023, the Minister of Culture and National Heritage, due to the President's veto on the financing of the company, placed it in liquidation.
Otávio (footballer, born 1995)
Otávio Edmilson da Silva Monteiro (born 9 February 1995), commonly known as Otávio or Otavinho, is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Saudi Pro League club Al-Qadsiah and the Portugal national team.

Born and raised in Brazil, he signed with Portuguese Primeira Liga side Porto in 2014 as a free agent. He was immediately sent two-year loan deal to Vitória de Guimarães, before returning in 2016. After returning he became a starter, and won three Primeira Liga titles, two Taça de Portugal and two Supertaças Cândido de Oliveira, while being part of the squad that won two domestic doubles in 2020 and 2022, making over 200 official appearances for them.

Otávio represented his native country Brazil internationally at the under-20 level in 2014, but switched allegiance at the senior international level to Portugal, making his senior international debut in 2021.

Campeonato Gaúcho
The Campeonato Gaúcho (English: Gaúcho Championship), officially named as Campeonato Gaúcho de Futebol Série A and commonly known as the Gauchão or the Gauchão Ipiranga for sponsorship reasons, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is run by the Rio Grande do Sul Football Federation (FGF).

The rivalry of two of the better-known Brazilian teams (Grêmio and Internacional) have a significant impact in the history of the tournament. Since 1940, the Grenal duo have won the title on all but four occasions: the defunct Renner was champion in 1954, Juventude almost 44 years later in 1998, Caxias, in 2000, under Tite's command, and Novo Hamburgo in 2017.

Internacional is the biggest winner of the competition, with 46 titles, followed by Grêmio with 43 titles and Guarany of Bagé with two titles.
1876 French legislative election
Legislative elections were held in France on 20 February and 5 March 1876 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower chamber of the National Assembly. They were the first elections under the French Constitutional Laws of 1875.

The result was a victory for the Republicans. President Patrice MacMahon subsequently invited Jules Simon, who declared himself "resolutely republican and resolutely conservative", to form a government, but dismissed him on 16 May 1877, precipitating the Seize Mai crisis and further elections.

Chamber of Deputies (France)
The Chamber of Deputies (French: Chambre des députés, [ʃɑ̃bʁ de depyte]) was the lower house of parliament in France at various times in the 19th and 20th centuries:

1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament, elected by census suffrage.

1875–1940 during the French Third Republic, the Chamber of Deputies was the legislative assembly of the French Parliament, elected by two-round system with universal male suffrage. When reunited with the Senate in Versailles, the French Parliament was called the National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) and carried out the election of the president of the French Republic.
SITA (waste management company)
SITA (originally Société Industrielle de Transport Automobile) is the main brand representing Suez's waste subsidiaries in Europe, North America, the Asia Pacific zone and Australia.

Following the merger of the original Suez and Gaz de France in 2008, Suez Environnement (now Suez) became a listed group on the New York Stock Exchange, Brussels Stock Exchange and the Paris Stock Exchange. SITA is a significant part of the Suez business, which now as a waste management and water treatment specialist is fully focused on sustainable development.

It owns, operates or has submitted planning applications for a number of incineration and In-vessel composting plants. Sita's services include business and residential waste disposal, street cleansing, landfill engineering, civic amenity site management and energy from waste.

Gaz de France
Gaz de France (GDF) was a French company which produced, transported and sold natural gas around the world, especially in France, its main market. The company was also particularly active in Belgium, the United Kingdom, Germany, and other European countries. Through its part-owned Belgian subsidiary SPE it was also involved in nuclear power generation. The company conducted a merger of equals with fellow utility company Suez on 22 July 2008 to form GDF Suez. Its head office was located in the 17th arrondissement of Paris.
2022–23 Icelandic Men's Basketball Cup
The 2022–2023 Bikarkeppni karla, named Vís bikarinn for sponsorship reasons, was the 57th edition of the Icelandic Men's Basketball Cup, won by Valur against Stjarnan. The competition was managed by the Icelandic Basketball Association (KKÍ) and the final four was played in Laugardalshöll, Reykjavík, and broadcast live on RÚV. Kári Jónsson was named the Cup Finals MVP after turning in 22 points and 7 assists.

Stjarnan (men's basketball)
The Stjarnan men's basketball team, commonly known as Stjarnan, is the men's basketball department of Ungmennafélagið Stjarnan, based in the town of Garðabær, Iceland. It is a subdivision of Ungmennafélagið Stjarnan.
WinDirStat
WinDirStat is a free and open-source graphical disk usage analyzer for Microsoft Windows. It presents a sub-tree view with disk-use percentage alongside a usage-sorted list of file extensions that is interactively integrated with a colorful graphical display (a treemap). Created as an open-source project released under the GNU GPL, it was developed using Visual C++/MFC and distributed using GitHub. The project was inspired by SequoiaView, an application based on research done by the Visualization Section of the Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science at the Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.

Microsoft Foundation Class Library
Microsoft Foundation Class Library (MFC) is a C++ object-oriented library for developing desktop applications for Windows.

MFC was introduced by Microsoft in 1992 and quickly gained widespread use. While Microsoft has introduced alternative application frameworks since then, MFC remains widely used.
Seiko-Tucson Senior Match Play Championship
The Seiko-Tucson Match Play Championship was a golf tournament on the Champions Tour from 1984 to 1986. It was played in Tucson, Arizona at the Randolph Park Municipal Golf Club. It was played using a match play format instead of the more common stroke play. A PGA Tour event (Seiko-Tucson Match Play Championship) was played concurrently at the same location.

The purse for the 1986 tournament was US$300,000, with $75,000 going to the winner.  The tournament was founded in 1984 as the Seiko-Tucson Senior Match Play Championship.

Match play
Match play is a scoring system for golf in which a player, or team, earns a point for each hole in which they have bested their opponents; as opposed to stroke play, in which the total number of strokes is counted over one or more rounds of 18 holes. In match play the winner is the player, or team, with the most points at the end of play.

Although most professional tournaments are played using the stroke play scoring system, there are, or have been, some exceptions, for example the now defunct WGC Match Play and the Volvo World Match Play Championship, and most team events, for example the Ryder Cup and Presidents Cup, all of which are in match play format.
Cryptangium
Cryptangium is a genus of sedges in family Cyperaceae. It includes a single species, Cryptangium verticillatum, a perennial or rhizomatous geophyte native to tropical South America. It ranges from Colombia and Venezuela to Guyana, Suriname, Bolivia, and northern, eastern and west-central Brazil.

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
2024 Bursa mayoral election
Local elections were held in Bursa, a metropolitan province of Turkey, on 31 March 2024 alongside nationwide local elections. Elections were held for the metropolitan municipal mayor of Bursa, as well as district mayors and councillors of Bursa's 17 districts.

The governing People's Alliance, formed by the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) and the smaller Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), nominated incumbent Mayor Alinur Aktaş for re-election. The opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) nominated Mustafa Bozbey, who had also been their candidate for the 2019 local elections but had narrowly lost to Aktaş.

The result was a victory for Bozbey, who won 47.6% of the vote compared to Aktaş's 38.4%. The CHP also doubled their number of district municipalities from three to six, while the AK Party lost three municipalities. This was the first time the AK Party lost control of Bursa since their first ever local elections in 2004.

People's Alliance (Turkey)
The People's Alliance (Turkish: Cumhur İttifakı), abbreviated as PEOPLE (Turkish: CUMHUR), is an electoral alliance in Turkey, established in February 2018 between the ruling Justice and Development Party (AK Party) and the formerly opposition Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). The alliance was formed to contest the 2018 general election, and brings together the political parties supporting the re-election of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Its main rival is the Nation Alliance, which was originally created by four opposition parties in 2018 and was re-established in 2019.
1999–2000 Rugby Union County Championship
The 1999–2000 Tetley's Bitter Rugby Union County Championship was the 100th edition of England's County Championship rugby union club competition.

Yorkshire won their 13th title, after defeating Devon in the final.

Yorkshire Rugby Football Union
The Yorkshire Rugby Football Union is the governing body responsible for rugby union in the historic county of Yorkshire, England. It is one of the constituent bodies of the national Rugby Football Union having formed in 1869, the union was formerly called Yorkshire County Club.

The county has won the county championship on 15 occasions, and finished as runners-up on a further eight occasions. The Yorkshire RFU also organises the Yorkshire Cup, which was inaugurated in 1878.