hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamitic League of the World
The Hamitic League of the World was an African American nationalist organization. Its declared aims were:

To inspire the Negro with new hopes; to make him openly proud of his race and of its great contributions to the religious development and civilization of mankind and to place in the hands of every race man and woman and child the facts which support the League's claim that the Negro Race is the greatest race the world has ever known.

The word Hamitic derives from Ham the son of Noah in the Old Testament. The organisation was founded in 1917 by George Wells Parker. In 1918 it published his pamphlet Children of the Sun. At this time Cyril Briggs also became the editor of their journal, The Crusader which subsequently became the journal of the African Blood Brotherhood.

Ham (Genesis)
Ham (in Hebrew: חָם), according to the Table of Nations in the Book of Genesis, was either the second or the youngest son of Noah, and the father of Cush, Mizraim, Phut and Canaan.

Ham's descendants are interpreted by Josephus and others as having populated Africa. The Bible refers to Egypt as "the land of Ham" in Psalms 78:51; 105:23, 27; 106:22; and 1 Chronicles 4:40.
HD 74423
HD 74423 is a heartbeat binary star and one component pulsates on only one hemisphere. This is caused by tidal interaction with its partner. The star is located in the Volans constellation.

HD 74423 is slightly variable in brightness.  It fluctuates between magnitudes 8.58 and 8.66 every 19 hours. The exact variability type is unclear.  It was initially found in a search for α2 Canum Venaticorum variables and assumed to be one, but has since been considered to be a δ Scuti variable. The spectrum shows unusually strong absorption lines of some iron peak elements, a characteristic of λ Boötis stars.  Both components are thought to show the chemical peculiarity.

Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. A stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance and luminosity. Spectroscopy can show the velocity of motion towards or away from the observer by measuring the Doppler shift. Spectroscopy is also used to study the physical properties of many other types of celestial objects such as planets, nebulae, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei.
The 4th Dimension (film)
The 4th Dimension is an independent film directed by Tom Mattera and Dave Mazzoni and starring Louis Morabito, Miles Williams, Karen Peakes, Kate LaRoss, and Suzanne Inman. It premiered at the Philadelphia International Film Festival on April 1, 2006, and was released by TLA Entertainment Group on April 8, 2008.

TLA Entertainment Group
TLA Entertainment Group is a privately held corporation based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1981.

Originally formed to operate a repertory movie theater, the company subsequently moved into catalog and online sales, retail stores, film festivals and film distribution. The catalog began as a pornographic mail order business and grew to include also gay and lesbian non-pornographic films and books and mainstream films.
French ship Deux Frères
Deux Frères (literally Two Brothers) was an 80-gun ship of the line of the French Navy.

She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the two brothers of King Louis XVI. The ship was laid down at Brest in July 1782, and launched on 17 September 1784, based on a design by Antoine Groignard, and built by Jacques-Augustin Lamothe. On 29 September 1792, she was renamed Juste.

HMS Queen Charlotte captured Juste at the battle of the Glorious First of June in 1794. Captain William Cayley commissioned her  in the Royal Navy as HMS Juste in August 1795.  In October Captain the Honourable Thomas Pakenham replaced Cayley and commissioned Juste for service in the Channel. Captain Sir Henry Trollope replaced Pakenham in June 1799. In 1801 she was commanded by Captains Herbert Sawyer, Richard Dacres — under whom she took part in Rear-Admiral Robert Calder's pursuit of Honoré Ganteaume's fleet to the West Indies — and Sir Edmund Nagle.

Robert Calder
Admiral Sir Robert Calder, 1st Baronet, KCB (2 July 1745 – 31 August 1818) was a Royal Navy officer who served in the Seven Years' War, the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. For much of his career he was regarded as a dependable officer, and spent several years as Captain of the Fleet under Admiral Sir John Jervis. However, he is chiefly remembered for his controversial actions following the Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1805 which resulted in his court-martial. Though he was removed from his sea command, he was retained in the Navy and later served as Commander-in-Chief of the base at Plymouth.
Monroeville, California
39°40′40″N 121°58′39″W﻿ / ﻿39.67778°N 121.97750°W﻿ / 39.67778; -121.97750

Monroeville (also, Munroeville), named for its founder U. P. Monroe, was a town located near the Sacramento River in Glenn County, California. It was located 15 miles (24 km) north of Butte City, near the mouth of Stony Creek, at an elevation of 128 feet (39 m).

From 1851 until 1853, Monroeville was the county seat of Colusi County.  The people of the community of Colusa fought for and eventually won the right to become the County Seat in 1853.  62 residents were recorded to have lived in the community as of 1852; records after 1853 are non-existent.  Monroeville disappeared from maps by 1874, and the only remaining trace of the town is a cemetery.

Settler William B. Ide, leader of the Bear Flag Revolt of 1846, died in Monroeville in 1852.  A post office operated at Monroeville from 1853 to 1862.  The area containing Monroeville was eventually absorbed into Glenn County when that county was formed in 1891.

Colusa, California
Colusa is a city in and the county seat of Colusa County, California, located in the Sacramento Valley region of the Central Valley. The population was 6,411 at the 2020 census, up from 5,971 at the 2010 census. Colusa originates from the local Coru Native American tribe, who in the 1840s lived on the opposite side of the Sacramento River.
Gorkhapatra
Gorkhapatra (Nepali: गोरखापत्र) is the oldest Nepali language state-owned national daily newspaper of Nepal. It was started as a weekly newspaper in May 1901 and became a daily newspaper in 1961. It is managed by the Gorkhapatra Sansthan. The Rising Nepal is an English-language sister newspaper of Gorkhapatra.

It is the sixth oldest newspaper in continuous publication in South Asia and the oldest in Nepal. Gorkha Bharat Jiban, edited by Motiram Bhatta was published in Varanasi in 1886, is considered the first Nepali language newsmagazine ever published. Gorkhapatra is the second Nepali-language newspaper to be published in Nepal, after Sudha Sagar.

Ra (Indic)
Ra is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ra is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter  after having gone through the Gupta letter . Most Indic scripts have differing forms of Ra when used in combination with other consonants, including subjoined and repha forms. Some of these are encoded in computer text as separate characters, while others are generated dynamically using conjunct shaping with a virama.
Best SF: 1968
Best SF: 1968 (also known as Best Science Fiction 1968 or The Year's Best Science Fiction No. 2) is the second in the Best SF series edited by Harry Harrison and Brian W. Aldiss, first published in a British edition in January 1969 by Sphere Books. The first American (and first hardcover) edition was released later that year by Putnam, with a Berkley paperback following shortly thereafter. Severn House issued a British hardcover edition in 1977.

John R. Pierce
John Robinson Pierce (March 27, 1910 – April 2, 2002), was an American electrical engineer and author. He did extensive work concerning radio communication, microwave technology, computer music, psychoacoustics, and science fiction. Additionally to his professional career he wrote science fiction for many years using the names John Pierce, John R. Pierce, and J. J. Coupling. Born in Des Moines, Iowa, he earned his PhD from Caltech, and died in Sunnyvale, California, from complications of Parkinson's Disease.
Gulod station
Gulod station is a proposed railway station located on the South Main Line in Laguna, Philippines. It is planned to be situated in between the existing Cabuyao and Mamatid stations. This PNR station is proposed by the JICA for both the current Metro Commuter and the South Line of the North-South Commuter Rail Project.

Japan International Cooperation Agency
The Japan International Cooperation Agency (Japanese: 独立行政法人国際協力機構, romanized: dokuritsu gyōseihōjin kokusai kyōryoku kikō), also known as JICA, is a governmental agency that delivers the bulk of Official Development Assistance (ODA) for the government of Japan. It is chartered with assisting economic and social growth in developing countries and promoting international cooperation. According to the OECD, Japan's total official development assistance (ODA) (US$17.5 billion, grant-equivalent methodology, preliminary data) increased in 2022 due to an increase in its bilateral lending, which included support to Ukraine. ODA represented 0.39% of gross national income (GNI). The OECD's Development Assistance Committee published a peer review of Japan's development cooperation in October 2020. JICA was led by Shinichi Kitaoka, the former President of the International University of Japan, from 2015 to 2022. On 1 April 2022, Professor Akihiko Tanaka assumed the presidency.
Gil Halstead
George C. "Gil" Halstead (April 1, 1893 – June 1970) was an American college basketball standout at Cornell University in the 1910s. He was a Helms Athletic Foundation All-American in both 1913 and 1914, and was named their national player of the year after the 1913–14 season in which he helped the Big Red win back-to-back Eastern Intercollegiate League season championships.

Cornell Big Red men's basketball
The Cornell Big Red men's basketball team represents Cornell University (one of eight members of the Ivy League), located in Ithaca, New York, in NCAA Division I men's competition. The Big Red's appearance in the 2008 NCAA Tournament was their first trip to "The Big Dance" since 1988, ending a 20 year absence from the tournament. The team has reached the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament five times, in 1954, 1988, 2008, 2009, and 2010. Cornell’s best finish in the NCAA tournament occurred in 1954 and 2010 when they advanced to the Sweet 16. Jon Jaques is the current head coach.
Murasaki (novel)
Murasaki is a 1992 "shared universe" hard science fiction novel in six parts to which Poul Anderson, Greg Bear, Gregory Benford, David Brin, Nancy Kress and Frederik Pohl each contributed one chapter; it was edited by Robert Silverberg. It is the first anthology of this type to be entirely conceived and written by winners of the Nebula Award.

The scenery is set in a fictional double planet system in orbit around an actually existing red dwarf star (HD36395; also known as Gliese 205 and Wolf 1453), about 20 light years from the Solar System. Because the system had been first explored by a Japanese robot interstellar probe the star has been given the proper name Murasaki (after the famous Japanese writer, Murasaki Shikibu). The larger of the two planets is Genji, named after Hikaru Genji, the hero of her novel Genji Monogatari; the smaller one is named Chujo, after Genji's close friend Tō no Chūjō.

Greg Bear
Gregory Dale Bear (August 20, 1951 – November 19, 2022) was an American science fiction writer. His work covered themes of conflict, consciousness, and accelerated evolution. The Forge of God and Anvil of Stars established his reputation. As time went on these works were rolled into lengthier trilogies and series. Along with Forge, popular series have included parallel universes in The Way and evolutionary themes in Darwin's Children.

He won numerous awards over the course of his career. His most awarded novel was Moving Mars, which won a Nebula Award. His last work was the 2021 novel The Unfinished Land. Greg Bear wrote over 50 books in total. He was one of the five co-founders of San Diego Comic-Con.
Ectropis bispinaria
Ectropis bispinaria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Australia.

The wingspan is about 30 mm for males and 40 mm for females.

The larvae feed on Dahlia pinnata, Persea americana, Rosa odorata, Citrus limon and Grevillea robusta.

Lemon
The lemon (Citrus × limon) is a species of small evergreen tree in the Citrus genus of the flowering plant family Rutaceae. A true lemon is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange. Its origins are uncertain, but some evidence suggests lemons originated during the 1st millennium BC in what is now northeastern India. Some other citrus fruits are called lemon.

The yellow fruit of the lemon tree is used throughout the world, primarily for its juice. The pulp and rind are used in cooking and baking. The juice of the lemon is about 5–6% citric acid, giving it a sour taste. This makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie.

In 2024, world production was 23 million tonnes, led by India and Mexico with 31% of the total.
NGC 427
NGC 427 is a spiral galaxy of type (R)SB(r)a: located in the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered on September 25, 1834, by John Herschel.

It was described by Dreyer as "3 very small (faint) stars with nebulosity (?)."

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Lutxana (Bilbao metro)
Lutxana is a station of line 1 of Metro Bilbao, also served by the Lutxana-Sondika shuttle operated by Euskotren Trena. It is located in the neighbourhood of Lutxana-Enekuri, in the municipality of Erandio. In its current inception, the station was opened on 11 November 1995. Since 2015, the station has also been served by Euskotren Trena suburban trains.

The Cercanías Bilbao commuter railway network (operated by Renfe) also has a Lutxana station on its C1/C2 line, but they are not at the same location or even in the same municipality – there is a relatively short distance of about 700 metres (770 yd) between them as the crow flies, but they are situated on opposite banks of the Estuary of Bilbao (the 'other' Lutxana is part of Barakaldo).

Estuary of Bilbao
The Estuary of Bilbao (Spanish: Ría de Bilbao / Basque: Bilboko Itsasadarra) lies at the common mouth of the rivers Nervion, Ibaizabal and Cadagua, which drain most of Biscay and part of Alava in the Basque Country, Spain. In this instance, the Spanish word estuario is used to describe what in English would normally be called part estuary, part tidal river. The estuary becomes a tidal river which extends 16 km (9.9 mi) into the city of Bilbao, starting from the Bilbao Abra bay. It hosts the port of Bilbao throughout its length, although the Port Authority has recently restored most of the upper reaches to Bilbao and other municipalities for their urban regeneration. The port is now being transferred to the seaboard on the coast at Santurtzi and Zierbena.

Downstream from Bilbao the river divides its metropolitan area into its left bank  (Barakaldo, Sestao, Portugalete and Santurtzi) and right bank (Erandio, Leioa and Getxo).
Darren Treumer
Darren Leigh Treumer (23 November 1971) is a former Australian cricketer.  Treumer was a right-handed batsman who played as a wicket-keeper.

After over a decade of representing Northern Territories in Australia, Treumer played a single List A match as an overseas player for Denmark in the 1st round of the 2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy against Northamptonshire. In his only List A appearance, he scored 7 runs before being dismissed by Charl Pietersen.  Behind the stumps he took 2 catches.

2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy was the 4th Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, an English county cricket tournament, held between 3 May and 3 September 2005. The competition was contested by all 18 first-class counties, as well as 10 minor counties and the national teams of Scotland, Ireland, the Netherlands and Denmark, to make up a full 32-team tournament. The final was won by the Hampshire Hawks, who beat the Warwickshire Bears by 18 runs at Lord's on 3 September 2005.

This would be the final year that the competition used a purely knockout format, and was also the final year to date in which the minor counties also participated. It would be the first year white balls and coloured clothing were used, although red balls and white clothing were still used in the early stages in matches between first class counties and the minor counties.
Cananga
Cananga (ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kanaŋa) is a small genus of only two species in the custard apple family Annonaceae, native to areas from Indo-China through Malesia to Australia. One of the species, Cananga odorata, is the source of the fragrant oil ylang-ylang.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, which is by far the largest branch (by current speakers) of the Austronesian language family. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian is ancestral to all Austronesian languages spoken outside Taiwan, as well as the Yami language on Taiwan's Orchid Island. The first systematic reconstruction of Proto-Austronesian ("Uraustronesisch") by Otto Dempwolff was based on evidence from languages outside of Taiwan, and was therefore actually the first reconstruction of what is now known as Proto-Malayo-Polynesian.
Punks Not Dad
Punks Not Dad are a British comedy punk band who formed in Cardiff, Wales in late 2008.  The name is word-play on the album Punks Not Dead.  The four band members were all in their mid to late 40s when they formed and their songs are written from a middle-aged father's perspective referencing sheds, flat-pack furniture and Man flu. The music they play is described as "Dad Punk". They are one of the leading bands of the mature musicians "Rock-Til-You-Drop" movement, and were heavily featured in an article on the subject in The Times in mid 2010.  Several of their videos have featured the Welsh TV presenter and actress, Lisa Rogers.

Punks Not Dead
Punks Not Dead is the first studio album by the Scottish punk rock band The Exploited, released in April 1981 on Secret Records. Working class and loyal to the first impulses of the 1970s punk movement, the album was a reaction to critics who believed the punk rock genre was dead, and went against popular trends such as new wave and post-punk. It contains the double A side singles "Army Life/Fuck the Mods" and the later follow up "I Believe in Anarchy". "Army Life" details the experiences of Wattie Buchan when he was a 17-year-old squaddie on a tour of duty in Belfast in the 1970s.

Punks Not Dead peaked at no 20 on the UK charts in May of that year, gave the band a national following in the United Kingdom and it was the top selling 1981 independent UK release.
Chevrolet Chevelle Laguna
The Chevrolet Chevelle Laguna  is a mid-sized automobile produced by Chevrolet for the 1973 through 1976 model years.  Part of the GM A-Body platform, the 1973 Laguna series  included coupes, sedans and station wagons. It was the top-line Chevelle series that year positioned above the Malibu. For 1974 through 1976 the car was produced as a one-model Laguna S-3 coupe, the new-for-1974 Malibu Classic series taking the top-luxury series position. All Lagunas sported urethane front-ends which easily distinguished them from other Chevelles. NASCAR driver Cale Yarborough earned the first two of his three consecutive Winston Cup championships piloting a Chevelle Laguna.

Bumper (car)
A bumper is a structure attached to or integrated with the front and rear ends of a motor vehicle, to absorb impact in a minor collision, ideally minimizing repair costs. Stiff metal bumpers appeared on automobiles as early as 1904 that had a mainly ornamental function. Numerous developments, improvements in materials and technologies, as well as greater focus on functionality for protecting vehicle components and improving safety have changed bumpers over the years. Bumpers ideally minimize height mismatches between vehicles and protect pedestrians from injury. Regulatory measures have been enacted to reduce vehicle repair costs and, more recently, impact on pedestrians.
Pallister (surname)
Pallister is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brian Pallister (born 1954), Canadian politician

David Pallister (1945–2021), British investigative journalist

David Pallister (United States Air Force officer) (1915–2003), colonel in the U.S. Air Force

Gary Pallister (born 1965), English former professional footballer

Gordon Pallister (1917–1999), English footballer

Graeme Pallister, Scottish chef and restaurateur

Lani Pallister (born 2002), Australian swimmer

Matthew Pallister (born 1969), Australian slalom canoeist

Minnie Pallister (1885–1960), English political activist

William Pallister (1884–1904), English footballer

David Pallister
David Pallister (born as David Pallister Clark; 15 March 1945 – 4 September 2021) was a British investigative journalist. He worked on The Guardian for many years, specialising in miscarriages of justice, the arms trade, corruption in international business, and British and international politics, terrorism and terrorist financing (post 9/11), mercenaries, race relations and Africa. For ten years from 1983 he was The Guardian's London-based correspondent for Nigeria; he also covered the Lebanese Civil War, the Ethiopian famine and the Sri Lankan civil war. He changed his name to avoid confusion with another journalist with the same name who was a co-founder of The Leveller magazine.
Paopi 30
Paopi 29 – Coptic calendar – Hathor 1

The thirtieth day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year.  On a common year, this day corresponds to October 27, of the Julian calendar, and November 9, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.

Paopi
Paopi (Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲱⲡⲉ, Paōpe), also known as Phaophi (Ancient Greek: Φαωφί, Phaōphí) and Babah (Arabic: بابه, Baba), is the second month of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars. It lasts between 11 October and 9 November of the Gregorian calendar, unless the previous Coptic year was a leap year.

The month of Paopi is the second month of the Season of Akhet (Inundation) in Ancient Egypt, when the Nile floods inundated the land. (They have not done so since the construction of the High Dam at Aswan.)