hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zastava Master FLG
The Zastava Master FLG is a 9mm submachine gun developed by Zastava Arms in the early 1990s in Serbia and Montenegro. The FLG was designed with police and special forces in mind and was made from plastic and steel.

Submachine gun
A submachine gun (SMG) or sub-gun is a magazine-fed automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to describe its design concept as an automatic firearm with notably less firepower than a machine gun (hence the prefix "sub-"). As a machine gun must fire rifle cartridges to be classified as such, submachine guns are not considered machine guns.

In the 20th century, the submachine gun was developed during World War I (1914–1918) as a close-quarter offensive weapon, mainly for trench raiding. At its peak during World War II (1939–1945), millions of submachine guns were made for assault troops and auxiliaries whose doctrines emphasized close-quarter suppressive fire. New submachine gun designs appeared frequently during the Cold War, especially among special forces, commandos and mechanized infantrymen. Submachine gun usage for frontline combat decreased in the 1980s and 1990s.
Francesco Nardelli
Francesco Romano Nardelli (born 5 September 1953 in Rome, Italy, where he currently lives) is an Italian naturalist who has dedicated his life to the protection and conservation of endangered species. He is also the co-founder, with John Aspinall, of the Sumatran Rhino Project, one of the most important coordinated efforts to save a critically endangered species.

Red-shanked douc
The red-shanked douc (Pygathrix nemaeus) is an arboreal and diurnal Old World monkey belonging to the Colobinae subfamily. They are endemic to Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. They are known for their bright colors and exhibit sexual dimorphism through their body size. The species has been declared critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, with the main threats being: hunting, habitat loss and pet trade. They are one of three species in the genus Pygathrix, the other two being the black-shanked (P. nigripes) and gray-shanked (P. cinerea) doucs.

Red-shanked doucs live in fission-fusion, multilevel societies that have a mean of 18 individuals per band. They are folivorous and consume mainly Acacia pruinescens, Ficus racemosa, Millettia nigrescens, Zanthoxylum avicennae and Castanopsis ceratacantha. Their four-chambered stomachs that allow for bacterial fermentation help them with their high-fiber diet.
Chester (horse)
Chester (1874–1891) was an Australian thoroughbred racehorse and a leading sire. He defeated some of the best horses in training over distances ranging from five furlongs (one thousand metres) to three miles (four thousand eight hundred metres). He was the leading sire in Australia on four occasions.

Leading sire in Australia
The list below shows the leading sire of Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia for each season since 1883–84. This is determined by the amount of prize money won by the sire's progeny during the season.

The 2016 novel Mount! by Jilly Cooper describes the process to gain the fictional title for global leading sire.
Caf1 capsule antigen
In molecular biology, Caf1 capsule antigen proteins are a family of the F1 capsule antigens Caf1 synthesised by Yersinia bacteria. They adopt a structure consisting of seven strands arranged in two beta-sheets, in a Greek-key topology, and mediate targeting of the bacterium to sites of infection.

Bacterial capsule
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell. It is a well-organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases.

The capsule—which can be found in both gram negative and gram-positive bacteria—is different from the second lipid membrane – bacterial outer membrane, which contains lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins and is found only in gram-negative bacteria. When the amorphous viscid secretion (that makes up the capsule) diffuses into the surrounding medium and remains as a loose undemarcated secretion, it is known as a slime layer. Capsule and slime layer are sometimes summarized under the term glycocalyx.
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the State of Iowa, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections will coincide with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections will take place on June 2, 2026.

Iowa's congressional districts
Iowa is divided into four congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. The state's congressional map is roughly divided by quadrants in the northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest sections of Iowa.

The districts were represented by three Republicans and one Democrat from the 2014 elections to the 2020 elections, with a brief period of Democratic control after the 2018 elections. In the 2022 elections, Republicans won every seat for the first time since the 1994 elections.
Kakraha
Kakraha is a village in Salon block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it has a population of 331 people, in 57 households. It has no schools and no healthcare facilities, and it does not host a permanent market or a periodic haat.

The 1961 census recorded Kakraha as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 118 people (64 male and 54 female), in 28 households and 28 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 268 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Kakraha as having a population of 157 people, in 45 households, and having an area of 105.62 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and juwar.

Haat bazaar
Haat Bazaar (Bengali: হাটবাজার) is an open-air market that serves as a trading venue for local people in rural areas and towns mainly in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and India. Haat bazaars are conducted on a regular basis, usually once, twice or thrice a week, and in some places once every fortnight. At times, haat bazaars are organized in a different manner, to support or promote trading by and with rural people. In addition to providing trading opportunities, haat bazaars serve as meeting places, rural settlements come up around the haats which gradually grow into towns.
Kasi Viswanatha Temple, Ayanavaram
Kasi Viswanatha Temple is a Hindu temple in Chennai, India. Located at Konnur high road, Ayanavaram, the temple was constructed by the Tawker clan of Madras' Gujarati community and was constructed during the time of the East India Company. The temple is situated close to the Medavakkam Tank Road and adjoining the Ayanavaram Bus Depot.

This temple is maintained under the control of the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of Government of Tamil Nadu.

Clan
A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship
and descent. Even if lineage details are unknown, a clan may claim other descent from a founding member or apical ancestor who serves as a symbol of the clan's unity. Many societies' exogamy rules are on a clan basis, where all members of one's own clan, or the clans of both parents or even grandparents, are excluded from marriage as incest.

Clans preceded more centralized forms of community organization and government, and have existed in every country. Members may identify with a coat of arms or other symbol.
Eagle 68
The Eagle 68 was an open-wheel race car developed and built by Dan Gurney's All American Racers team, designed to compete in USAC IndyCar racing, starting in the 1968 season.

The Eagle 68, developed in-house by Gurney’s All American Racers, made its debut in the 1968 USAC IndyCar season. It was a bold and innovative creation, designed specifically to tackle the demands of high-speed oval racing, as well as the unique technical challenges presented by IndyCar events. With a focus on aerodynamics and advanced engineering, the Eagle 68 represented a significant leap forward in open-wheel race car design.

United States Auto Club
The United States Auto Club (USAC) is one of the sanctioning bodies of auto racing in the United States. From 1956 to 1979, USAC sanctioned the United States National Championship, and from 1956 to 1997 the organization sanctioned the Indianapolis 500. USAC serves as the sanctioning body for a number of racing series, including the Silver Crown Series, National Sprint Cars, National Midgets, Speed2 Midget Series, .25 Midget Series, Stadium Super Trucks, and GT World Challenge America. Seven-time USAC champion Levi Jones is USAC's Competition Director.
I Need a Job...So I Can Buy More Auto-Tune
I Need a Job...So I Can Buy More Auto-Tune is a studio album by American musician and producer Swamp Dogg. It was released on February 25, 2022, via Don Giovanni Records. The album was recorded by Swamp Dogg and Moogstar in Los Angeles, and features contributions from Guitar Shorty and Willie Clayton.

Guitar Shorty
David William Kearney (September 8, 1934 – April 20, 2022), known as Guitar Shorty, was an American blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He was known for his explosive guitar style and wild stage antics. Credited with influencing both Jimi Hendrix and Buddy Guy, Guitar Shorty recorded and toured from the 1950s until the 2020s.  In 2017, Billboard magazine said, "his galvanizing guitar work defines modern, top-of-the-line blues-rock. His vocals remain as forceful as ever. Righteous shuffles...blistering, sinuous guitar solos."
Deer Creek (Nevada County, California)
Deer Creek is a stream that flows through the Sierra Nevada Range in Northern California, USA. The 34 miles (55 km) stream begins above Scotts Flat Lake in the alpine region in the Tahoe National Forest, continues through the middle of downtown Nevada City, is a tributary to Lake Wildwood and ends as it enters the Yuba River below Englebright Lake.

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has issued a safe advisory for any fish caught in Deer Creek due to elevated levels of mercury.

Englebright Lake
Englebright Lake is an 815 acre reservoir on the Yuba River, impounded by Englebright Dam, in the Sierra Nevada, Northern California, United States. The reservoir stores 45,000 acre feet of water with nearly 24 miles of shoreline.

It is located in Yuba County and Nevada County. The boat launch and marina, named Skippers Cove, are located in Smartsville. It is located in between Grass Valley and Marysville. The reservoir, as well as the dam, were named for former U.S. Representative Harry L. Englebright, who represented the district in which Englebright is located.

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has developed a safe eating advisory for the Englebright Lake based on levels of mercury found in fish caught here.
Taylor-Reed Corporation
The Taylor-Reed Corporation was an American food manufacturer and packager that operated from 1939 to approximately 1977. It was founded by two Yale classmates (class of 1933), Malcolm P. Taylor (1911-2000) and Charles M. D. Reed (1911-2008), who had worked together on the campus humor magazine The Yale Record. Initially headquartered near Taylor's home in Mamaroneck, New York, the company soon moved operations a few miles away to Crescent Street in Glenbrook, Connecticut, a light-industrial and residential section of Stamford in Fairfield County, Connecticut.

Taylor-Reed specialized in a handful of consumer snack products, notably Cocoa Marsh which they called a "milk amplifier" or "milk booster" and E-Z Pop popcorn. It also manufactured Q-T Instant cake frosting and a variety of bulk institutional foods.

The Yale Record
The Yale Record is the campus humor magazine of Yale University. Founded in 1872, it is the oldest humor magazine in the United States.

The Record is currently published eight times during the academic year and is distributed in Yale residential college dining halls and around the nation through subscriptions.  Content from the magazine is made available online and entire issues can be downloaded in .pdf form.
Torchlight, Kentucky
Torchlight is an unincorporated community and coal town in Lawrence County, Kentucky, United States. The community is named for an annual torchlight parade accident which resulted in the Hotel Greenup being burned to the ground.

Lawrence County, Kentucky
Lawrence County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,293.  Its county seat is Louisa. The county is named for James Lawrence, and co-founded by Isaac Bolt, who served as a Lawrence County Commissioner and Justice of the Peace. It is the birthplace of country music star Tyler Childers, late Chief Justice of the United States Frederick Moore Vinson, and former Kentucky Governor Paul E. Patton. In regard to alcoholic beverage sales, Lawrence County is considered a "moist" county, meaning alcohol sales are only allowed within the city limits of Louisa.
John Callis (pirate)
John Callis (or Calles) (died 1576) was a 16th-century Welsh pirate. He was active in South Wales from Cardiff to Haverfordwest, often selling his prizes and cargo in the villages of Laugharne and Carew in Milford Haven, only a few miles south of Little Newcastle, Wales. His piratical career lasted for decades before pressure from neighbouring countries forced the government of England to take action and managed to capture him in 1576.

The elderly pirate attempted to assist authorities in tracking down other pirates in exchange for his release, however the authorities refused his offer and he was hanged in Newport later that year. Following his execution, a commission was appointed to investigate merchants and others in the counties of Cardigan, Pembroke, Carmarthen, Monmouth and Glamorgan associated with locally based pirates. A list of those illegally dealing with pirates was compiled by the commission and the offenders fined.

Haverfordwest
Haverfordwest (/ˌhævərfərdˈwɛst/ HAV-ər-fərd-WEST, locally /ˈhɑːrfərdwɛst/ HAR-fərd-west; Welsh: Hwlffordd [ˈhʊlfɔrð]) is the county town of Pembrokeshire, Wales, and the most populous urban area in Pembrokeshire with a population of 14,596 in 2011. It is also a community consisting of 12,042 people, making it the second most populous community in the county after Milford Haven. The suburbs include the former parish of Prendergast, Albert Town and the residential and industrial areas of Withybush (housing, retail parks, hospital, airport and showground).

Haverfordwest has a strategic location: it was the lowest bridging point of the Western Cleddau before the Cleddau Bridge opened in 1975.
Saurabh Singh Shekhawat
Brigadier Saurabh Singh Shekhawat, KC, SC, SM, VSM is a former Indian Army officer of the 21 Para (SF) and an avid mountaineer. He is the Indian Army's most decorated officer, with one war-time gallantry award and two peace-time gallantry awards to his name.

Brigadier (India)
Brigadier is a one-star rank in the Indian Army. Brigadier ranks above the rank of Colonel and below the two-star rank of Major General.

The equivalent rank in the Indian Navy is Commodore and in the Indian Air Force is Air Commodore.
Gravdalsvatnet
Gravdalsvatnet is a lake in the western part of Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 0.21-square-kilometre (52-acre) lake is located immediately south of the village of Gravdal in the borough of Laksevåg, west of the center of the city of Bergen. National Road 555 runs along the south shore, just east of the mountain Lyderhorn.

Lyderhorn
Lyderhorn is a mountain in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is one of "De syv fjell", the seven mountains surrounding the city centre of Bergen. It is the starting location of Bergen Turlag's annual trip of the mountains. It is located by Liavatnet approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the city center. Due to its prominent visibility from the seas, it has historically been a navigational mark for sailors. The 329-metre (1,079 ft) tall Ørnafjellet is an adjacent peak, and below Ørnafjellet are the two lakes Skåleviksvatnet and Søre Skåleviksvatnet. North of Ørnafjellet is Kvarven fort, a strategic point during World War II, still featuring several bunkers and cannon positions used in the defense of Bergen. Lyderhorn, Ørnafjellet, and Kvarven are popular hiking areas.

Folklore has it that Lyderhorn was a gathering location for witches on Midsummer night, Valborg night (the night of May 1), and at Yule.
Marie Zimmermann Farm
The Marie Zimmermann Farm is an historic, American home that is located in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area in Delaware Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Pike County, Pennsylvania
Pike County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,535. Its county seat is Milford. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state. Pike County is part of the New York Combined Statistical Area.
Lake Rėkyva
The Lake Rėkyva (Lithuanian: Rėkyvos ežeras) is a lake on the southern edge of the city of Šiauliai in Lithuania. The lake is named after Rėkyva, which is a southern part of the city of Šiauliai. The lake's western and south-western shores are declared the Rėkyva Botanical Zoological Reserve. It is one of the largest lakes in Lithuania (10th) and the largest watershed lake in Lithuania.

The lake is popular among fishing, kiteboarding and windsurfing enthusiasts, and by other visitors for recreational purposes as it has sandy beaches and a pier. The Lithuanian holiday Joninės is celebrated annually near the lake. Moreover, two yacht clubs are located on the shores of the lake.

Saint Jonas's Festival
Saint Jonas' Festival, also known as Rasos (Dew Holiday), Joninės, Kupolė, Midsummer Day or Saint John's Day) is a Lithuanian midsummer folk festival celebrated on 24 June all around Lithuania and by the Lithuanian diaspora worldwide. The celebrations often involve flower wreaths, bonfires and torchlit processions, and music and dancing.
SS Mesaba (1898)
SS Mesaba was a UK transatlantic cargo liner. She was launched in Ireland in 1897 as Winifreda, and made her maiden voyage to New York in 1898. Later that year she changed owners, and was renamed Mesaba.

The ship was designed to carry 120 first class passengers and 800 cattle, and to cross the North Atlantic in ten days. She was built for Leyland Line, for use in the Wilson and Furness-Leyland Line (W&FL) joint service. However, within months of her completion, Atlantic Transport Line (ATL) bought her. She spent almost her entire career in ATL ownership.

In 1909, ATL took delivery of the new liner Minnewaska, and relegated Mesaba to be held in reserve. In 1912, Mesaba sent a wireless telegraph signal to RMS Titanic, warning her of sea ice. On three occasions between 1912 and 1914, ATL loaned Mesaba to Red Star Line.

In 1918, a German U-boat sank Mesaba by torpedo in the Irish Sea, killing 20 members of her crew.

Transatlantic crossing
Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America.  Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and lasting transatlantic trade route was established in 1566 with the Spanish West Indies fleets, following the voyages of Christopher Columbus.
Triclosan
Triclosan (sometimes abbreviated as TCS) is an antibacterial and antifungal agent present in some consumer products, including toothpaste, soaps, detergents, toys, and surgical cleaning treatments. It is similar in its uses and mechanism of action to triclocarban. Its efficacy as an antimicrobial agent, the risk of antimicrobial resistance, and its possible role in disrupted hormonal development remains controversial.  Additional research seeks to understand its potential effects on organisms and environmental health.

Triclosan was developed in 1966. A 2006 study recommended showering with 2% triclosan as a regimen in surgical units to rid patients' skin of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.  A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.

Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives.

In contrast, a mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance.
2-Chloroquinoline
2-Chloroquinoline is an organic compound with the formula ClC9H6N.  It is one of several isomeric chloro derivatives of the bicyclic heterocycle called quinoline.  A white solid, 2-chloroquinoline can be prepared from vinylaniline and phosgene.  It is a precursor to 2,2'-biquinoline.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
Drissensky Uyezd
Drissensky Uyezd (Дриссенский уезд) was one of the eleven subdivisions of the Vitebsk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Drysa (Drissa).

Vyerkhnyadzvinsk
Vyerkhnyadzvinsk or Verkhnedvinsk (Belarusian: Верхнядзвінск, romanized: Vierchniadzvinsk; Russian: Верхнедвинск), previously known as Drysa or Drissa until 1962, is a town in Vitebsk Region, in northern Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Vyerkhnyadzvinsk District. It is located at the confluence of the Drysa River and the Daugava River. Its population in 2009 was 7,600. As of 2025, it has a population of 6,771.