hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USFS Scoter
USFS Scoter was an American fishery patrol vessel that operated in the waters of the Territory of Alaska. She was part of the United States Bureau of Fisheries (BOF) fleet from 1922 to 1940. She then served as US FWS Scoter in the fleet of the Fish and Wildlife Service from 1940 to 1950. Before her United States Government service, she was the commercial purse seiner Clatsop. She returned to that name and to private ownership after the conclusion of her U.S. Government career.

Naknek, Alaska
Naknek (Central Yupik: Nakniq) is a census-designated place located in and the borough seat of Bristol Bay Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population of the CDP was 470, down from 544 in 2010.

Naknek is located on the north bank of the Naknek River, close to where the river runs into the Kvichak Bay arm of the northeastern end of Bristol Bay. South Naknek is on the other side of the river.
Thomas Scammell
Thomas E. Scammell is an American neurologist and professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School. He works as a physician at the department of neurology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Boston Children's Hospital. He is an editor of SLEEP.

Scammell earned a Bachelor of Science degree in neuroscience from the University of Rochester in 1984 and a Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Massachusetts Medical School in 1988.

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) in Boston, Massachusetts is a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and one of the founding members of Beth Israel Lahey Health. It was formed out of the 1996 merger of Beth Israel Hospital (founded in 1916 by the Jewish community) and New England Deaconess Hospital (founded in 1896 by Methodist deaconesses). Among independent teaching hospitals, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center has ranked in the top three recipients of biomedical research funding from the National Institutes of Health. Research funding totals nearly $200 million annually. BIDMC researchers run more than 850 active sponsored projects and 200 clinical trials. The Harvard-Thorndike General Clinical Research Center, the oldest clinical research laboratory in the United States, has been located on this site since 1973.
Giovanna Boscolo
Giovanna Boscolo Castilho Gonçalves (born 25 March 2002) is a Brazilian actress and para-athlete competing in throwing events: shot put and club throw. She represented Brazil at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

Club throw
The club throw is an athletic throwing event where the objective is to throw a wooden club. The event is one of the four throwing events, along with discus, javelin and shot put of the Summer Paralympics. It is the Paralympic equivalent of the hammer throw. The club throw was introduced for both men and women at the first 1960 Summer Paralympic Games. It was dropped from the women's programme from the 1992 Paralympics in Barcelona but was reinstated for London 2012.
Theoretical Girls
Theoretical Girls were a New York-based no wave band formed by Glenn Branca and conceptual artist and composer Jeff Lohn that existed from 1977 to 1981. Theoretical Girls played only about 20 shows (three of which took place in Paris).

It released one single ("U.S. Millie"/"You Got Me"). Theoretical Girls was never signed by a record company, but is well regarded as an early leading no wave group that mixed classical modern ideas of composition with punk rock noise music. This experimental music was mostly supported by the New York art world and minimal art music audience.

Minimalism (visual arts)
Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts. As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in post–World War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Minimalism is often interpreted as a reaction to abstract expressionism and a bridge to postminimal art practices. Prominent artists associated with this movement include Sol LeWitt, Ad Reinhardt, Nassos Daphnis, Tony Smith, Donald Judd, John McCracken, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Robert Morris, Larry Bell, Anne Truitt, Yves Klein and Frank Stella. Artists themselves have sometimes reacted against the label due to the negative implication of the work being simplistic.
Roller speed skating at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics
Roller speed skating at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics was held from 7 to 8 October. The competition took place at the Paseo de la Costa in Buenos Aires, Argentina. This marked the debut of the sport at the Youth Olympics.

2018 Summer Youth Olympics
The 2018 Summer Youth Olympics (Spanish: Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud de 2018), officially known as the III Summer Youth Olympic Games, and commonly known as Buenos Aires 2018, were an international sports, cultural, and educational event held from 6 to 18 October 2018 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. They were the first Youth Olympic Games held outside of Eurasia, and the first Summer Games held outside of Asia and the first to be held in the Western and Southern hemispheres.

It was the second Olympic Games held in South America after the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and was also the final Summer Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach as the subsequent Summer Youth Olympics in 2022 was postponed to 2026 as a result of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.
Shekhan Khurd
Shekhan Khurd is a small village in Nakodar.  Nakodar is a tehsil in the city Jalandhar of Indian state of Punjab. Kalan is Persian language word which means Big and Khurd is Persian word which means small when two villages have same name then it is distinguished as Kalan means Big and Khurd means Small with Village Name.

Jalandhar
Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.
Naisi
Naisi (or Old Naisi) is a community in the Southern Region of Malawi, now in effect a northern suburb of the city of Zomba. 
The community lies below the Zomba Massif to the north, which may be accessed via a rough road.
Naisi is the birthplace of James Frederick Sangala, one of the founders of the Nyasaland African Congress.

Nyasaland African Congress
The Nyasaland African Congress (NAC) was an organisation that evolved into a political party in Nyasaland during the colonial period. The NAC was suppressed in 1959, but was succeeded in 1960 by the Malawi Congress Party, which went to on decisively win the first universal suffrage elections in 1961, and to lead the country to independence as Malawi in 1964.
Renée Richards
Renée Richards (formerly Richard Raskind; born August 19, 1934) is an American ophthalmologist and former tennis player who competed on the professional circuit in the 1970s, and became widely known following male-to-female medical affirmation, when she fought to compete as a woman in the 1976 US Open.

The United States Tennis Association began requiring genetic screening for female players that year. Richards challenged that policy, and the New York Supreme Court ruled in her favor, a landmark case in transgender rights. Among the first professional athletes to transition, she became a spokesperson for transgender people in sports. After retiring from play, she coached Martina Navratilova to two Wimbledon titles.

Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital
Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital (MEETH) is a specialty hospital in New York City that was founded in 1869 and is currently located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan at 210 East 64th Street (between 2nd and 3rd Avenues). In 2000, after 131 years as an independent entity MEETH affiliated with (and is now run as a sub-division of) Lenox Hill Hospital, a 450-bed acute care hospital, established in New York City in 1857 and located at 77th Street (between Park and Lexington Avenues) in Manhattan.  MEETH is recognized in medical circles for its long history of contributions in developing the fields of ophthalmology, otolaryngology and plastic surgery.  MEETH provides thousands of patients a year with treatment in its ambulatory surgery facilities.
Turán's method
In mathematics, Turán's method provides lower bounds for exponential sums and complex power sums.  The method has been applied to problems in equidistribution.

The method  applies to sums of the form

where the b and z are complex numbers and ν runs over a range of integers.  There are two main results, depending on the size of the complex numbers z.

Equidistributed sequence
In mathematics, a sequence (s1, s2, s3, ...) of real numbers is said to be equidistributed, or uniformly distributed, if the proportion of terms falling in a subinterval is proportional to the length of that subinterval.  Such sequences are studied in Diophantine approximation theory and have applications to Monte Carlo integration.
Tagandougou
Tagandougou is a rural commune in the Cercle of Yanfolila in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 614 square kilometers and includes 7 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 5,775. The village of Binko, the administrative center (chef-lieu) of the commune, is 52 km north of Yanfolila on the western side of the Sélingué Dam.

Yanfolila Cercle
Yanfolila Cercle is an administrative subdivision of the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The administrative center (chef-lieu) is the town of Yanfolila.

The cercle is divided into 12 communes:

The town of Yanfolila lies within the rural commune of Wassoulou-Ballé.
Fourth Hawke ministry
The fourth Hawke ministry (Labor) was the 57th ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 23rd Prime Minister, Bob Hawke. The fourth Hawke ministry succeeded the third Hawke ministry, which dissolved on 4 April 1990 following the federal election that took place on 24 March. The ministry was replaced by the first Keating ministry on 20 December 1991 following the resignation of Hawke as Prime Minister after a successful leadership challenge by Paul Keating.

December 1991 Australian Labor Party leadership spill
A leadership spill of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), the party of government in the Parliament of Australia, was held on 19 December 1991, the second spill in a year. Backbencher and former treasurer Paul Keating defeated Prime Minister Bob Hawke, who had led Labor for eight and a half years.
Estriol dihexanoate
Estriol dihexanoate, or estriol 3,17β-dihexanoate, is a synthetic estrogen and estrogen ester – specifically, the C3 and C17β dihexanoate ester of estriol – which was first described in 1963 and was never marketed. Following a single intramuscular injection of 8.90 mg estriol dihexanoate (equivalent to 5.0 mg estriol) in an oil solution, peak levels of estriol occurred after 2.1 to 3.4 days, an elimination half-life of 187 to 221 hours was observed, and estriol levels remained elevated for up to 20 to 50 days. For comparison, the durations of estriol and estriol dipropionate were far shorter.

Cmax (pharmacology)
Cmax is the maximum (or peak) serum concentration that a drug achieves in a specified compartment or test area of the body after the drug has been administered and before the administration of a second dose.  It is a standard measurement in pharmacokinetics.
Backbone (1923 film)
Backbone is a 1923 American silent drama film produced by George Arliss (through his Distinctive Pictures company), released by Goldwyn Pictures and directed by Edward Sloman. Broadway actor Alfred Lunt stars in his film debut. The film has a locale in a New England lumber camp with the exception of an episode taking place in France.

George Arliss
George Arliss (born Augustus George Andrews; 10 April 1868 – 5 February 1946) was an English actor, author, playwright, and filmmaker who found success in the United States. He was the first British actor to win an Academy Award – which he won for his performance as Victorian-era British prime minister Benjamin Disraeli in Disraeli (1929) – as well as the earliest-born actor of any category to win the honour. He specialized in successful biopics, such as Disraeli, Voltaire (1933), and Cardinal Richelieu (1935), as well as light comedies, which included The Millionaire (1931) and A Successful Calamity (1932).

His career ranged from being a star of the legitimate theatre, then silent films, then sound films.
USS Choctaw (1856)
USS Choctaw was a large (1,004-ton) steamer built for the merchant service and acquired by the Union Navy during the second year of the American Civil War.

Choctaw, with her crew of 106, was outfitted by the Navy as a ram with heavy rifled guns and was used both as a gunboat and as a ram on the rivers of the Confederate States of America.

Naval ram
A naval ram is a weapon fitted to varied types of ships, dating back to antiquity. The weapon comprised an underwater prolongation of the bow of the ship to form an armoured beak, usually between 2 and 4 meters (6.6 and 13.1 ft) in length. This would be driven into the hull of an enemy ship to puncture, sink or disable it.
Acer ashwilli
Acer ashwilli is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from a group of fossil leaves and samaras.  The species is solely known from the Early Oligocene sediments exposed in central Oregon, USA.  It is one of several extinct species belonging to the living section Ginnala.

Sapindaceae
The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1,858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee.

The Sapindaceae occur in temperate to tropical regions, many in laurel forest habitat, throughout the world. Many are laticiferous, i.e. they contain latex, a milky sap, and many contain mildly toxic saponins with soap-like qualities in either the foliage and/or the seeds, or roots. The largest genera are Serjania, Paullinia, Allophylus and Acer.
Shaumari Wildlife Reserve
The Shaumari Wildlife Reserve is a Jordanian nature reserve near the town of Azraq, approximately 100 km (62 mi) east of Amman.

It is a regionally important reserve created in 1975 by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature as a breeding center for endangered or locally extinct wildlife. The 22-square-kilometre (8.5 sq mi) reserve is a thriving protected environment for some of the most threatened species of animals in the Middle East. Some of the species include Arabian oryx, Somali ostriches, Persian onagers (an Asian wild ass from Iran) and gazelles.

Persian onager
The Persian onager (Equus hemionus onager), also called the Persian wild ass or Persian zebra, is a subspecies of onager (Asiatic wild ass) native to Iran. It is listed as Critically Endangered, with no more than 600 individuals left in the wild.
Michael Jordan's Restaurant
Michael Jordan's Restaurant was a multi-level restaurant and sports bar located at 500 N. LaSalle Street in Chicago, Illinois, United States of America. Named after Michael Jordan, a basketball player with the Chicago Bulls, the restaurant was once one of the most popular tourist spots in Chicago. It operated from 1993 until 1999, closing shortly after Jordan's second retirement from playing basketball.

Bar (establishment)
A bar, also known as a saloon, a tavern or tippling house, or sometimes as a pub or club, is a retail business that serves alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, liquor, cocktails, and other beverages such as mineral water and soft drinks. Bars often also sell snack foods, such as chips (crisps) or peanuts, for consumption on their premises. Some types of bars, such as pubs, may also serve food from a restaurant menu. The term "bar" refers both to the countertop where drinks are prepared and served and also by extension to the entirety of the establishment in which the bar is located.

The term derives from the metal or wooden bar (barrier) that is often located along the length of the "bar". Over many years, heights of bars were lowered, and high stools added, and the brass bar remains today.
Qissa
Qissa (Arabic: قِصَّة), meaning fable, could refer to:

Bengali Kissa, a tradition of Bengali language oral story-telling

Punjabi Qisse, a tradition of Punjabi language oral story-telling

Qissa (film), a 2013 Indian-German film in Punjabi by Anup Singh

Qissa Khawani Bazaar, a bazaar in Peshawar, Pakistan

Qissa-i Sanjan, an account of the early years of Zoroastrian settlers on the Indian subcontinent

Qissa-e Parsi: The Parsi Story, a 2014 Indian documentary film about Parsis

Punjabi Qisse
A Punjabi Qissa (plural: Qisse) is a tradition of Punjabi language oral story-telling that emerged in Punjab region of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India, with the fusion of local Punjabi people and migrants from the Arabian peninsula and contemporary Iran.

Where Qisse reflect an Islamic and/or Persian heritage of transmitting popular tales of love, valour, honour and moral integrity amongst Muslims, they matured out of the bounds of religion into a more secular form when it reached India and added the existing pre-Islamic Punjabi culture and folklore to its entity.
Bryconops allisoni
Bryconops allisoni is a small species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Iguanodectidae. This fish is found in rivers of Brazil. It is a recent addition to the genus (2019), currently considered a member incertae sedis. Its name honors Antonio Machado-Allison, an ichthyologist responsible for a great deal of work on the genus Bryconops.

Iguanodectidae
Iguanodectidae is a family of freshwater fish in the order Characiformes that lives in South America. It contains three genera: Iguanodectes, Piabucus, and Bryconops. Several species in the family, such as the green line lizard tetra (Iguanodectes spilurus), the tailspot tetra (Bryconops caudomaculatus), and the orangefin tetra (Bryconops affinis), are sometimes taken as aquarium fish.
Rykeneld Street
Rykeneld Street or Ryknield Street was a Roman road which ran through the northern Midlands of England from Deva (Chester) to Derventio (Derby) via what is now Stoke-on-Trent.  It is not to be confused with the Icknield Street.  It has in the past also been called by Victorian antiquarians the "Via Devina".  The territory traversed would have been that of the Cornovii.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
2010 Bosnian general election
General elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 3 October 2010. They decided the makeup of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Presidency as well as national, entity, and cantonal governments.

The elections for the House of Representatives were divided into two; one for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and one for Republika Srpska. In the presidential election, voters in the Federation elected Bosniak Bakir Izetbegović and re-elected Croat Željko Komšić, while voters in Republika Srpska re-elected Serb Nebojša Radmanović. The Social Democratic Party and the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats emerged as the largest parties in the House of Representatives, each winning 8 of the 42 seats.

House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Predstavnički dom Bosne i Hercegovine, Croatian: Zastupnički dom Bosne i Hercegovine and Serbian Cyrillic: Представнички дом Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two chambers of the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the other being the House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The chamber consists of 42 members which are elected by party-list proportional representation. 28 members are elected from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 14 from Republika Srpska. Members serve for terms of four years. The current membership of the chamber was elected on 2 October 2022.
Spialia asterodia
Spialia asterodia, the star sandman or Asterodia sandman, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in South Africa from the western Cape to the southern part of the north Cape and across the east Cape to Lesotho, the Free State, Eswatini, western KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, the Limpopo Province, the eastern North West Province and Gauteng. It is also present in southern Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The habitat consists of grassland and grassy areas in fynbos, Karoo and Bushveld.

The wingspan is 21–26 mm for males and 26–29 mm for females. Adults are on wing from August to March with peaks in midsummer. There are several generations per year.

The larvae feed on Hermannia diffusa, Hermannia incana, Pavonia burchelli and Hebiscus species.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Richard Sharples
Sir Richard Christopher Sharples, KCMG, OBE, MC (6 August 1916 – 10 March 1973) was a British politician and Governor of Bermuda who was shot dead by assassins linked to a small militant Bermudian Black Power group called the Black Beret Cadre. The former army major, who had been a Cabinet Minister, resigned his seat to take up the position of Governor of Bermuda in late 1972. His murder resulted in the last executions conducted under British rule, in 1977.

Cabinet of the United Kingdom
The Cabinet of the United Kingdom is the senior decision-making body of the Government of the United Kingdom. A committee of the Privy Council, it is chaired by the prime minister as the monarch's most senior adviser, and its members include secretaries of state and senior ministers of state. Members of the Cabinet are appointed by the prime minister and are by convention chosen from members of the two houses of Parliament, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

The Ministerial Code says that the business of the Cabinet (and cabinet committees) is mainly questions of major issues of policy, questions of critical importance to the public and questions on which there is an unresolved argument between departments.

The work of the Cabinet is scrutinised by the Shadow Cabinet, made up of members of the Official Opposition.