hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Beatty (philosopher)
John Beatty (born 1951) is a professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia. He received his PhD in 1979 in the History and Philosophy of Science at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. His research focuses on the theoretical foundations, methodology, and socio-political dimensions of genetics and evolutionary biology.  He is well known in the philosophy of biology community.

Philosophy of biology
The philosophy of biology is a subfield of philosophy of science, which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and ethical issues in the biological and biomedical sciences. Although philosophers of science and philosophers generally have long been interested in biology (e.g., Aristotle, Descartes, and Kant), philosophy of biology only emerged as an independent field of philosophy in the 1960s and 1970s, associated with the research of David Hull. Philosophers of science then began paying increasing attention to biology, from the rise of Neodarwinism in the 1930s and 1940s to the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 to more recent advances in genetic engineering.
Other key ideas include the reduction of all life processes to biochemical reactions, and the incorporation of psychology into a broader neuroscience.
Puntsag-Ochiryn Pürevsüren
Puntsag-Ochiryn Pürevsüren (born 30 January 1975) is a Mongolian middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres at the 2000 Summer Olympics, placing 56th.

Pürevsüren first qualified for the 1994 World U20 Championships in Athletics, where he finished 6th in his 800 m heat. It was the highest placing ever for a Mongolian men's athlete at the World U20 Championships in the nation's seven appearances.

He qualified for his first senior global championships at the 1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships, where he again finished 6th in his 800 m heat. His time of 1:55.76 was a Mongolian national record. He also competed in the 1998 Asian Games 400 m, but he was disqualified in his heat.

At the 2000 Summer Olympics, Pürevsüren finished 8th in his 800 m heat and failed to advance.

Pürevsüren was one of the first Olympic athletes to access the Internet, utilizing new Surf Shack facilities set up in Sydney during the 2000 Games.

1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres event  at the 1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held on 7–9 March 1997.

The winning margin was 3.09 seconds which as of July 2024 remains the only time the men's 800 metres was won by more than 1.5 seconds at these championships.
2014 Citi Open – Men's singles
Juan Martín del Potro was the defending champion, but was unable to participate this year due to a wrist injury.

Milos Raonic won the title, defeating Vasek Pospisil, 6–1, 6–4, in the first-ever all-Canadian final on the ATP World Tour.

Sam Groth
Samuel Groth (born 19 October 1987) is an Australian politician and professional tennis player. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the seat of Nepean in 2022 representing the Victorian Liberal Party until his retirement from Parliament in February 2026, causing a by-election.

His highest ATP singles ranking was World No. 53, which he reached in August 2015. His career high in doubles was World No. 24, reached in February 2015. Groth's best singles result was a semi-final appearance at the 2014 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships.

He holds the record for the world's fastest serve at 263 km/h (163.4 mph), which he hit in 2012 at the ATP Challenger in Busan.

Prior to his political career, he worked for the Nine Network's tennis broadcasts, and as a host on Postcards.
Joe LaBarbera
Joseph James LaBarbera (born February 22, 1948) is an American jazz drummer and composer.  He is best known for his recordings and live performances with the trio of pianist Bill Evans in the final years of Evans's career. His older brothers are saxophonist Pat LaBarbera and trumpeter John LaBarbera.

Chuck Mangione
Charles Frank Mangione (/mænˈdʒoʊni/ man-JOH-nee; November 29, 1940 – July 22, 2025) was an American flugelhorn player, trumpeter, actor, and composer. He came to prominence as a member of Art Blakey's band in the 1960s, and later co-led the Jazz Brothers with his brother, Gap, achieving international success in 1978 with his jazz-pop single "Feels So Good". He released more than 30 albums, beginning in the 1960s. He also appeared in various television shows, including a recurring role on King of the Hill.
Sipaliwini
Sipaliwini River, river in Suriname

Sipaliwini District, district in Suriname

Sipaliwini Savanna (town), also called Sipaliwini, town in Suriname, in the Sipaliwini District

Sipaliwini Airstrip, an airstrip in Sipaliwini Savana

Sipaliwini River
Sipaliwini River is a river of Suriname, the main source of the Courantyne River. It gives its name to the village of Sipaliwini Savanna and to the Sipaliwini District. It flows through the village of Kwamalasamutu. The name translates to thornback ray (sipari) river in the local Maroon dialect.
Puerto Bolívar
Puerto Bolívar is an urban parish and port city, part of the municipality of Machala, El Oro Province, Ecuador. Puerto Bolívar is one of the world's largest shipment points for bananas, most of them destined for Europe; about 80% of Ecuador's banana production is shipped through these port facilities.

El Oro Province
El Oro (Spanish pronunciation: [el ˈoɾo] ⓘ; oro = gold) is the southernmost of Ecuador's coastal provinces. It was named for its historically important gold production. Today it is one of the world's major exporters of bananas. The capital is Machala.
Melanosciadium
Melanosciadium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. It includes three species native to south-central China.

Melanosciadium bipinnatum (R.H.Shan & F.T.Pu) Pimenov & Kljuykov

Melanosciadium genuflexum Pimenov & Kljuykov

Melanosciadium pimpinelloideum H.Boissieu

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Feudal (game)
Feudal is a chess-like board wargame for 2–6 players on two or four opposing sides.  It was originally published by 3M Company in 1967 as part of its bookshelf game series, and was republished by Avalon Hill after they purchased 3M's game division.  The object of the game is to either occupy one's opponent's castle or to capture all of one's opponent's royalty. There are six sets of plastic pieces in three shades each of blue and brown. Each set consists of thirteen mobile figures with differing methods of movement and attack, and a stationary castle piece. The play area consists of four plastic peg boards depicting empty, rough, and mountainous terrain.

Royal family
A royal family is the immediate family of monarchs and sometimes their extended family.

The term imperial family appropriately describes the family of an emperor or empress, and the term papal family describes the family of a pope, while the terms baronial family, comital family, ducal family, archducal family, grand ducal family, or princely family are more appropriate to describe, respectively, the relatives of a reigning baron, count/earl, duke, archduke, grand duke, or prince.

However, in common parlance members of any family which reigns by hereditary right are often referred to as royalty or "royals". It is also customary in some circles to refer to the extended relations of a deposed monarch and their descendants as a royal family. A dynasty is sometimes referred to as the "House of ...". In July 2013 there were 26 active sovereign dynasties in the world that ruled or reigned over 43 monarchies.
The West Christmas Ever
The West Christmas Ever is the third extended play (EP) by American drag performer Nina West, which was released by Producer Entertainment Group on November 8, 2019. The Christmas EP has five original songs and three interludes featuring Jim Cummings; The Vox Ensemble of the Columbus Gay Men's Chorus are featured on "Santa Will Be Gone". "Jingle Juice" has a music video. The EP peaked at number five on Billboard's Comedy Albums chart, and had a generally-positive reception.

Drag (entertainment)
Drag is a performance of exaggerated femininity, masculinity, or other forms of gender expression, usually for entertainment purposes. Drag usually involves cross-dressing. A drag queen is someone (usually male) who performs femininely and a drag king is someone (usually female) who performs masculinely. Performances often involve comedy, music, social satire, and at times political commentary. The term may be used as a noun as in the expression in drag or as an adjective as in drag show.
Phu Wiang Dinosaur Museum
Phu Wiang Dinosaur Museum (Thai: พิพิธภัณฑ์ไดโนเสาร์ภูเวียง) is a geological museum mainly exhibiting fossils. It is under the administration of the Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, of the Royal Thai Government, and situated in the Khok Sanambin public area in Tambon Nai Muang, Wiang Kao district, Khon Kaen province in the northeastern region of Thailand. The museum was constructed with a budget from the Tourism Authority of Thailand under the supervision of the Department of Mineral Resources and comprises an area of 40 acres (160,000 m2). It has been open to the public since 2009.

Tourism Authority of Thailand
The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) (Thai: การท่องเที่ยวแห่งประเทศไทย) is an organization of Thailand under the Ministry of Tourism and Sports. Its mandate is to promote Thailand's tourism industry, and protect the environment.
Isobutylbenzene
Isobutylbenzene is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C10H14. It is used in chemical synthesis as a fuel and in pharmaceuticals. For instance, it is used to make pain killers like ibuprofen.

Isobutylbenzene is a colorless flammable liquid that is a respiratory irritant.

Industrial production is through catalytic carbometalation: toluene adds to propene in the presence of a sodium–potassium catalyst on activated carbon.

Propylene
Propylene, also known as propene, is an unsaturated organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CH=CH2. It has one double bond, and is the second simplest member of the alkene class of hydrocarbons. It is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor.

Propylene is a product of combustion from forest fires, cigarette smoke, and motor vehicle and aircraft exhaust. It was discovered in 1850 by A. W. von Hoffmann's student John Williams Reynolds as the only gaseous product of thermal decomposition of amyl alcohol to react with chlorine and bromine.
Shri Viswa Vinayaka Mandir Rhenock
Shri Viswa Vinayaka Mandir, also called  Ganesh Mandir, is a Hindu temple of Ganesha. It is located in Rhenock, Pakyong district, Sikkim, India. Sri Viswa Vinayaka Mandir was inaugurated by Shri Dinesh Chandra, general secretary of Vishva Hindu Parishad accompanied by the former chief minister, Shri Pawan Chamling, at a beautiful landscape of Rundung Village in Rhenock on 3 October 2016.

This massive religious infrastructure of Hindu accords 51 faces of Lord Ganesha, with 12 feet each 16 of them placed at corridor towards temple's main entrance.
Adding excitement is another attraction is the massive mythological Daemon vs Gods ‘Samudra Manthan’ statues. Shivling and statue of Hanuman is also present in Viswa Vinayak Temple.

Pawan Kumar Chamling
Pawan Kumar Chamling Rai  (born 22 September 1950) is an Indian politician and writer of Sikkimese descent who served as the 5th Chief Minister of Sikkim from 12 December 1994 to 26 May 2019. He is the longest serving Chief Minister in India, surpassing Naveen Patnaik. Chamling is the Founder-President of the Sikkim Democratic Front. He also served as the Leader of the opposition, Sikkim Legislative Assembly in the year of 2019. He represented the Namchi-Singhithang constituency in the Sikkim Legislative Assembly since 2019 till 2024 and the Damthang constituency from 1985 to 1994. Prior to establishing the Sikkim Democratic Front, Chamling served as Minister for Industries, Information and Public Relations from 1989 to 1992 in Nar Bahadur Bhandari's cabinet.
Barbara A. Bintliff
Barbara A. Bintliff (born 1953) was the Joseph C. Hutcheson Professor and Director of the Tarlton Law Library/Jamail Center for Legal Research at University of Texas School of Law, and was previously the Nicholas Rosenbaum Professor of Law and Director of the William A. Wise Law Library at University of Colorado.

University of Texas School of Law
The University of Texas School of Law (Texas Law or UT Law) is the law school of the University of Texas at Austin, a public research university in Austin, Texas.  According to Texas Law’s ABA disclosures, 93.0% of the Class of 2024 obtained full-time, long-term bar passage required employment (i.e. as attorneys) nine months after graduation.
Ryan Pinney
Ryan Pinney (born November 10, 1980) is an American para-cyclist who represented the United States at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in the mixed team relay H1–5 event and won a bronze medal.

Pinney earlier served as an aerial refueler in the United States Air Force and the Arizona National Guard for 14 years. He broke his back while BMX riding in 2012, leaving him paralyzed from the waist down and with a new aspiration.

Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Mixed team relay H1–5
The mixed team relay H1-5 road cycling event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place on 2 September 2021, at Fuji Speedway, Tokyo. 30 riders, 3 riders per team, competed in this event.

The H category is for cyclists with lower limb impairment which will involve the use to handcycle. This is the first time the Paralympics will feature in all H category classification (H1-5) to the mixed team relay.
Nomfusi
Nomfusi Gotyana (born 1988), known mononymously as Nomfusi, is a South African singer and performer of Afro-Soul music. She was born in the township of KwaZakhele in the Eastern Cape. Her mother Kwazibani ("Who Knows?" in English) raised her while her father languished in jail for 21 years. A domestic worker by day, Kwazibani was a sangoma (African medicine woman) with a gift for music. Nomfusi accompanied her mother to the weekly sangoma rituals ("Intlombe") where Nomfusi developed her musicality. She is a two-time South African Music Awards nominee, Metro FM Award nominee and performed on multiple local and international tours.

South African Music Awards
The South African Music Awards (often simply the SAMAs) are the Recording Industry of South Africa's music industry awards, established in 1995. The ceremony is held annually, usually in late April or May, with the judging process starting in November of the previous year. The nominations are typically announced at the end of March. The winners receive a gold-plated statuette called a SAMA.

The show has mostly been held at the Super Bowl in Sun City, with the exception of three years, and broadcast live on national broadcaster, SABC. The ceremony features live performances as once-off collaborations by a selection of nominees.
Red Sonja (1985 film)
Red Sonja is a 1985 American sword-and-sorcery epic film directed by Richard Fleischer, and written by Clive Exton and George MacDonald Fraser. It is based on Red Sonya of Rogatino by Robert E. Howard.

The film introduces Brigitte Nielsen as the title character, with Arnold Schwarzenegger, Sandahl Bergman, Paul Smith and Ronald Lacey in supporting roles. As in Howard's Conan, Red Sonja takes place in the Hyborian Age, a fictional prehistoric time previously depicted in the films Conan the Barbarian (1982) and Conan the Destroyer (1984). It tells the story of Sonja, who, after being raped, receives a divine gift and seeks revenge on her assailants.

It was theatrically released in the United States on July 3, 1985, by MGM/UA Entertainment Co. Upon release, the film was a critical and commercial failure, grossing $6.9 million against a budget of $17.9 million.

Epic film
Epic films have large scale, sweeping scope, and spectacle. The term is slightly ambiguous, sometimes designating a film genre and at other times simply big-budget films. Like epics in the classical literary sense, it is often focused on a heroic character. An epic's ambitious nature helps to set it apart from other genres such as the period piece or adventure film.

Epic historical films would usually take a historical or a mythical event and add an extravagant setting, lavish costumes, an expansive musical score, and an ensemble cast, which would make them extremely expensive to produce. The most common subjects of epic films are royalty and important figures from various periods in world history.
COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla
The COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla is part of the ongoing global viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was confirmed to have reached the British Overseas Territory of Anguilla on 26 March 2020. On 26 April 2020, all patients had recovered and on 22 November a new imported case was announced.

Princess Alexandra Hospital, Anguilla
The Princess Alexandra Hospital is a small hospital on Anguilla.

It has a pharmacy, wards and a dialysis section.

It suffered considerable storm damage as a result of Hurricane Irma, losing its roof, equipment and bed space.  The British government and charitable donations have contributed towards the rebuilding program.  Tim Foy says "The United Kingdom government is committed to the full rehabilitation of the Princess Alexandra Hospital".  £4 million from the British Government is earmarked for the hospital.

The rebuilding programme is intended to include a computed tomography scanner and a new maternity wing, increasing the capacity from 4 to 8 patients. The maternity wing was opened in November 2018 by  Blondel Cluff CBE, who is the Anguilla government’s representative in the United Kingdom and the Chief Executive Officer of the West India Committee that raised funds for the rebuilding.
Constituency NA-207
Constituency NA-207 (Larkana-IV) (Urdu: این اے-۲۰۷، لاڑکانہ-۴) was a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan. It was abolished in the 2018 delimitation as this constituency's area encompassed three districts: Larkana, Shikarpur, and Qambar Shadadkot. Now the major area of the constituency, which belonged to Larkana, is included in NA-200 (Larkana-I). The Qambar Shahdadkot area is in NA-202 (Qambar Shahdadkot-I) and the area belonging to Shikarpur is in NA-199 (Shikarpur-II).

Larkana District
Larkana District (Sindhi: لاڙڪاڻو ضلعو; Urdu: ضلع لاڑکانہ) is a district of the Sindh province of Pakistan. Its largest city is Larkana, which sits on the banks of the Indus River.

Other towns in the district include Ratodero, Dokri, Bakrani, and Naodero.  In 2005, the Government of Pakistan under Pervez Musharraf bifurcated the district, forming a new district called Qamber and Shahdadkot, with the two towns of Qambar Khan and Shahdadkot.
James Durrant (chemist)
James Robert Durrant CBE FRS FRSC FLSW (born 1965) is a British photochemist. He is a professor of photochemistry at Imperial College London and Sêr Cymru Solar Professor at Swansea University. He serves as director of the centre for plastic electronics (CPE).

Photochemistry
Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet (wavelength from 100 to 400 nm), visible (400–750 nm), or infrared radiation (750–2500 nm).

In nature, photochemistry is of immense importance as it is the basis of photosynthesis, vision, and the formation of vitamin D with sunlight. It is also responsible for the appearance of DNA mutations leading to skin cancers.

Photochemical reactions proceed differently than temperature-driven reactions. Photochemical paths access high-energy intermediates that cannot be generated thermally, thereby overcoming large activation barriers in a short period of time, and allowing reactions otherwise inaccessible by thermal processes.  Photochemistry can also be destructive, as illustrated by the photodegradation of plastics.
Haugesunds Avis
Haugesunds Avis is a daily newspaper published in Haugesund, Norway, but with branches in Bømlo, Kopervik, Odda, Sauda and Stord.

Founded in 1895, it is today owned by the investment group Mecom Group, and is as such part of the media group Edda Media. In 2006, Haugesunds Avis had a circulation of 33,448. As of 2012, the executive editor is Bård Borch Michalsen. The newspaper owns the local radio channel Radio 102.

Odda (town)
Oddaⓘ is a town in Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of the municipality and the largest urban area in the whole Hardanger district. The town is located at the southern end of the Sørfjorden, in a narrow valley between towering mountains and the lake Sandvinvatnet to the south. The large Folgefonna glacier lies just west of Odda, high up in the mountains. The village of Odda was declared a "town" in 2004.

The 3.02-square-kilometre (750-acre) town has a population (2025) of 4,750 and a population density of 1,573 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,070/sq mi). The town also includes the Eitrheim area, just northwest of the town centre. Odda Church is located in the town centre. Norwegian National Road 13 is the main road going through the town.
1544 Vinterhansenia
1544 Vinterhansenia (provisional designation 1941 UK) is a dark asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 October 1941, by Finnish astronomer Liisi Oterma at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland, and named for Danish astronomer Julie Vinter Hansen.

Iso-Heikkilä Observatory
Iso-Heikkilä Observatory (Finnish: Iso-Heikkilän tähtitorni, Swedish: Storheikkilä observatorium) is an amateur astronomical observatory used by a local amateur astronomical association, Turun Ursa ry in the Iso-Heikkilä district of Turku, Finland.

Referred to as Turku Observatory (062) by the Minor Planet Center, it was previously operated by the University of Turku from 1937 to 1972, and is the observatory where several Finnish discoverers of minor planets made their observations.
UMngeni Local Municipality
uMngeni Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wase Mngeni) is a local municipality within the Umgungundlovu District Municipality, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The municipality is named after the uMngeni River that runs through the municipal area.

Umgungundlovu District Municipality
uMgungundlovu is one of the 11 district municipalities ("districts") of KwaZulu-Natal province. The seat of uMgungundlovu is Pietermaritzburg. The majority of its 1 million+ residents speak Zulu (2001 Census). The district code is DC22.