hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spin (TV series)
Spin (French: Les Hommes de l'ombre - literally The Shadow Men) is a French political television drama series created by Dan Franck, Frederic Tellier, Charline de Lépine and Emmanuel Daucé, and broadcast from 25 January 2012 on France 2.

After the success of the first season in its native France, a second season was commissioned, which premièred on France 2 on 1 October 2014 with 13.5% of the viewing audience. While prime time viewing figures were disappointing, combining those with on-demand numbers led to a more stable audience. A third series was subsequently commissioned. It was broadcast in France in October–November 2016.

In December 2015 it was announced that Spin would air in the UK on More4. The show premiered on 8 January 2016 and the two existing seasons were broadcast consecutively on a weekly basis. The third and final season was broadcast in April–May 2017.

More4
More4 is a British free-to-air television channel, owned by Channel Four Television Corporation. The channel launched on 10 October 2005. Its programming mainly focuses on lifestyle and documentaries, as well as foreign dramas.
Human rights in Kosovo
Human Rights in Kosovo has been a controversial subject due to the country's history of ethnic tension and its struggle for independence. This was highlighted during the onset of the Kosovo War and the subsequent intervention of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Particularly, this war and the other conflicts in the Balkans were the focus of the European human rights instruments such as the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the European Union.

After it achieved independence in 2009, Kosovo has posted several milestones in upholding and the protection of human rights.

Ethnic conflict
An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more ethnic groups.  While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic group's position within society. This criterion differentiates ethnic conflict from other forms of struggle.

Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally fall into one of three schools of thought: primordialist, instrumentalist or constructivist. Recently, some have argued for either top-down or bottom-up explanations for ethnic conflict. Intellectual debate has also focused on whether ethnic conflict has become more prevalent since the end of the Cold War, and on devising ways of managing conflicts, through instruments such as consociationalism and federalisation.
Santo Domingo Church (Quezon City)
Santo Domingo Church, formally known as the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of La Naval de Manila, is a Roman Catholic parish church and national shrine in Quezon City, Metro Manila in the Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Cubao. Dedicated to Saint Dominic de Guzmán and Mary, mother of Jesus under her title Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary — La Naval de Manila, it was founded by the Dominicans in 1587.

The church complex serves as the motherhouse or headquarters of the Dominican Order of the Philippines. Originally located in Intramuros in the city of Manila, the church was transferred to its present location in Quezon City after the Second World War.

Diocese of Cubao
The Diocese of Cubao (Latin: Dioecesis Cubaoensis) is a Latin Catholic diocese of the Catholic Church in district of Cubao in Quezon City, in northern Metro Manila, Philippines.   The diocese was created by Pope John Paul II on June 28, 2003 from the ecclesiastical district of Cubao of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila. It was canonically erected on August 28, 2003, with the installation of Honesto Flores Ongtioco as the first Bishop of Cubao. The Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title Immaculate Conception, is the principal patroness of the diocese.

The diocese is composed of 45 full parishes including three national shrines, two minor basilicas; two quasi-parishes; one non-parochial diocesan shrine; and one mission station. These are clustered into six separate vicariates.
Draganja
Draganja (Croatian pronunciation: [drǎɡaɲa]) is a Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Duje Draganja (born 1983), Croatian retired swimmer

Marin Draganja (born 1991), Croatian tennis player, older brother of Tomislav

Tomislav Draganja (born 1994), Croatian tennis player, younger brother of Marin

Duje Draganja
Duje Draganja (Croatian pronunciation: [dǔːje drǎɡaɲa]; born 27 February 1983) is a retired Croatian swimmer who won the silver medal in men's 50 metres freestyle race at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.
Hugh of Ibelin (died 1238)
Hugh of Ibelin (c. 1213 – 1238), called the Strong (French: Hue le Fort), was the third of five sons of John I of Beirut. He and his elder brother Balian were hostages at the court of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1228–1229. He led the first battaile at the Battle of Agridi in 1232 and thus withstood the brunt of the enemy charge. He was dead by 1238. In April 1239, Henry I of Cyprus had a mass said in his name at Nicosia.

Battle (formation)
A battle or bataille was a division of a medieval army. The word may be rendered as "battalion", but Abels and Bachrach et al. state this is not accurate because the bataille was a completely ad hoc formation.

In late medieval warfare, field armies were often drawn up into three main battles, also called guards or wards: the vanguard (avant-garde), the middle guard, and the rearguard (arrière-garde), often abbreviated to simply the van, middle, and rear. These terms imply, correctly, that the van preceded the middle, which in turn preceded the rear into battle, if the battles were arranged sequentially as a column. If arranged abreast, the van was on the right, the middle in the center, and the rear on the left.
Rhagium mordax
Rhagium mordax, the black-spotted longhorn beetle, is a species of long-horned beetle. This beetle is found throughout Europe and to Kazakhstan and Russia. Larvae develop in silver fir, hazel, European weeping birch, European beech, and the European chestnut. Ischnoceros rusticus is an ichneumonid parasitoid wasp that feds on Rhagium mordax larvae.

Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica, the European beech or common beech, is a large deciduous tree in the beech family with smooth silvery-grey bark, large leaf area, and a short trunk with low branches. It is native to much of Europe, growing in humid climates.

The species is cultivated as an ornamental. Although slightly toxic due to the tannins and alkaloids they contain, the nuts are consumed by animals and humans. The trees are also used for timber.
Van Lieshout
Van Lieshout is a Dutch toponymic surname, meaning "from Lieshout", a town in North Brabant. People with the surname include:

Cilia van Lieshout (1941–2023), Dutch film producer

Erik van Lieshout (born 1968), Dutch installation artist

Eustáquio van Lieshout (1890–1943), Dutch missionary in Brazil

Henry van Lieshout (1932–2009), Papua New Guinean Roman Catholic bishop

Joep van Lieshout (born 1963), Dutch artist

John Van Lieshout (born 1946), Australian billionaire

Johan van Lieshout (born 1969), Dutch javelin thrower

Maarten Van Lieshout (born 1985), Belgian footballer

Ted van Lieshout (born 1955), Dutch writer, poet, screenwriter and illustrator

Teresa van Lieshout (born 1971), Australian perennial candidate

Trixie van Lieshout (born 1948), Matildas Coach 1981

Cilia van Dijk
Cilia van Dijk Lieshout (22 November 1941 – 26 April 2023) was a Dutch film producer. Her film work includes DaDa, Frieze Frame, I Move, so I Am, The Last Words of Dutch Schultz and Anna & Bella. Anna & Bella earned her an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film as producer.
Boy with Beer
Boy with Beer is a 1992 British in three acts play written by Paul Boakye and first performed at the Man in the Moon Theatre in January 1992. The play takes place over three nights each separated by one month. Boy with Beer is published by Methuen Drama in Black Plays 3 edited by Yvonne Brewster (1995).

Clive Wedderburn
Clive Wedderburn (born 10 January 1967) is an English actor best known for his role as PC Gary McCann in The Bill.

He was born in Reading, Berkshire in 1967. In 1972, his parents moved to Birmingham, where he was to spend the next 13 years before moving to London to train as an actor at East 15 Acting School. He went on to enjoy a colourful acting career, performing on stage at the Royal National Theatre and the Royal Court Theatre.

Between 2004 and 2007, Wedderburn played Sway Holloway in the BBC's radio soap opera Silver Street, broadcast on BBC Asian Network.
Ingrid Hartmann
Ingrid Hartmann (23 July 1930 – 9 November 2006) was a German sprint canoer who competed in the late 1950s and early 1960s. She was born in Bad Salzuflen, Free State of Lippe. She won the K-2 500 m silver medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. Hartmann also won two medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (K-4 500 m: 1963) and a bronze (K-2 500 m: 1958).

Free State of Lippe
The Free State of Lippe (German: Freistaat Lippe) was created following the abdication of Prince Leopold IV of the Principality of Lippe on 15 November 1918, following the  German Revolution. It was a state in Germany during the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. After the end of the Second World War, the Control Commission for Germany – British Element (CCG/BE) abolished the state of Lippe in January 1947 and incorporated it into the new German state of North Rhine-Westphalia that had been created three months earlier.
Tony Mikhael
Anthony Elias Camille Mikhael (Arabic: انطوني إلياس كميل مخائيل; born 1 March 2000) is a former professional footballer who played as a defender. A versatile defender, Mikhael played as both a centre-back and a full-back. Born in Canada, Mikhael represented Lebanon at youth level. He also won gold with Team Ontario at the Canada Games.

U Sports men's soccer
U Sports men's soccer is the highest level of amateur play of association football in Canada and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. As of the 2024 season, 48 teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. After interconference playoffs have been played, eight teams compete for the Sam Davidson Memorial Trophy, awarded to the U Sports men's soccer championship team.
Cadówek
Cadówek [t͡saˈduvɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kobiele Wielkie, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-west of Kobiele Wielkie, 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Radomsko, and 87 km (54 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko
Radomsko (pronounced [raˈdɔmskɔ] ⓘ) is a city in south-central Poland with 44,700 inhabitants (2021). It is situated on the Radomka river in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the county seat of Radomsko County.

Founded in the 11th century, Radomsko is a former royal city located within the Sieradz Land, which prospered as a trade center due to its location at the intersection of important trade routes. In the 14th century, it was the site of congresses at which Princess Jadwiga of Poland was chosen as Queen of Poland as the country's first female monarch. Due to particularly strong partisan resistance against German occupiers during World War II, it was dubbed Banditenstadt ("City of Bandits") by the Germans.

It is located on the main railway line connecting Warsaw and Katowice, the country's two largest metropolitan areas, and on the main highway connecting Gdańsk and Łódź with Katowice, part of the European route E75.
Park Glienicke
Park Glienicke, (German: Park Klein-Glienicke or Glienicker Park) is an English landscape garden in the southwestern outskirts of Berlin, Germany. It is located in the locality of Wannsee in the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough. Close to Glienicke Bridge (known as Bridge of Spies) the park is open to the general public. The park is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin (Potsdam cultural ensemble). Within the ensemble it is one of the five main parks, the others being Sanssouci Park, New Garden (Neuer Garten), Babelsberg Park and Peacock Island (Pfaueninsel). Regarding diversity in gardening styles within the Potsdam park ensemble Park Glienicke is only superseded by Sanssouci Park. Furthermore, it is a park especially characterized by one personality due to the intense involvement of Prince Charles of Prussia. The park covers approximately 116 hectares (290 acres)

Prince Charles of Prussia
Prince Frederick Charles Alexander of Prussia (German: Friedrich Karl Alexander; 29 June 1801 – 21 January 1883) was a younger son of Frederick William III of Prussia. He served as a Prussian general for much of his adult life and became the first Herrenmeister (Grand Master) of the Order of Saint John after its restoration as a chivalric order. Nevertheless, he is perhaps remembered more often for his patronage of art and for his sizable collections of art and armor.
Hukus Bukus
Hukus Bukus is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language sport drama film directed by Vinay Bhardwaj. The film stars Darsheel Safary, Arun Govil, Sajjad Delafrooz, Gautam Vij and Mir Sarwar. Darsheel Safary has played the role of fan of cricketer Sachin Tendulkar.

Set in Kashmir in 1999, the title of the film is derived from the popular Kashmiri folk song of the same name. Hukus Bukus was released in theatres on 3 November 2023.

Kashmiri language
Kashmiri (English: /kæʃˈmɪəri/ kash-MEER-ee), also known by its endonym Koshur (Kashmiri: کٲشُر (Perso-Arabic, Official Script), pronounced [kəːʃur]), is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic branch spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region, primarily in the Kashmir Valley and surrounding hills of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, over half the population of that territory. Kashmiri has split ergativity and the unusual verb-second word order.

Since 2020, it has been made an official language of Jammu and Kashmir along with Dogri, Hindi, Urdu and English. Kashmiri is also among the 22 scheduled languages of India.

Kashmiri is spoken by roughly five percent of Pakistani-administrated Azad Kashmir's population.
Nuclear pumped laser
A nuclear pumped laser is laser pumped with the energy of fission fragments. The lasing medium is enclosed in a tube lined with uranium-235 and subjected to high neutron flux in a nuclear reactor core. The fission fragments of the uranium create excited plasma with inverse population of energy levels, which then lases. Other methods, e.g. the He-Ar laser, can use the He(n,p)H reaction, the transmutation of helium-3 in a neutron flux, as the energy source, or employing the energy of the alpha particles.

This technology may achieve high excitation rates with small laser volumes.

Some example lasing media:

carbon dioxide

3helium-argon

3helium-krypton

3helium-xenon

Neutron flux
The neutron flux is a scalar quantity used in nuclear physics and nuclear reactor physics. It is the total distance travelled by all free neutrons per unit time and volume. Equivalently, it can be defined as the number of neutrons travelling through a small sphere of radius  in a time interval, divided by a maximal cross section of the sphere (the great disk area, ) and by the duration of the time interval.: 82-83  The dimension of neutron flux is  and the usual unit is cm−2s−1 (reciprocal square centimetre times reciprocal second).

The neutron fluence is defined as the neutron flux integrated over a certain time period. So its dimension is  and its usual unit is cm−2 (reciprocal square centimetre). An older term used instead of cm−2 was "n.v.t." (neutrons, velocity, time).
School Lane station
School Lane station is a station on the D in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania. It is located on School Lane west of Edmonds Avenue. The station is next to Grace Lutheran Church on the northwest corner of the aforementioned intersection.

Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Transit Center in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania, and Orange Street in Media, Pennsylvania. The station features a P&W-era shed with a roof in which passengers can wait during inclement weather. The shed is made of stucco similar to that of the nearby Aronimink station. An actual school can be found one block east of this intersection. No parking is available at this stop, as it is located in a residential area.

Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Darby Township, often shortened to Upper Darby, is a home rule township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the township had a total population of 85,681, making it the state's sixth-most populated municipality after Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Reading, and Erie. Upper Darby borders Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-most populous city, and constitutes part of the Delaware Valley, also known as the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the nation's seventh-largest metropolitan area.

Upper Darby is home to the Tower Theater, a historic music venue on 69th Street built in the 1920s, and to several Underground Railroad sites. In August 2019, the radio tower on top of the theater was removed due to structural concerns.
Çetin Doğan
Çetin Doğan (born 15 May 1940 in Maçka) is a Turkish military officer. He was Commander of the First Army of Turkey (17 August 2001 – 20 August 2003).

Doğan graduated from the Turkish Military Academy in 1960.

In 2007, Doğan was appointed head of the Board of Trustees of Ahmet Yesevi University by President Ahmet Necdet Sezer. He was replaced in March 2008 by new President Abdullah Gül.

Doğan has written columns for the Aydınlık newspaper since May 2011, and published two books.

Ahmet Yassawi University
The Qoja Ahmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, or simply Ahmet Yassawi University (Kazakh: Ахмет Ясауи университеті, Ahmet İasaui universitetı; Turkish: Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi) is a university in the city of Turkistan in Kazakhstan, named for the twelfth-century Sufi poet Khoja Akhmet Yassawi. Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University (Akhmet Yassawi University) established in 1991 on the personal initiative of the President Nursultan Nazarbayev and based on the Intergovernmental Agreement between Kazakhstan and Turkey to train modern highly qualified specialists from young Turkic-speaking countries, the spiritual center of the Turkic world – Turkestan and is the first university that received the status of an international institution of higher education.
Wuling Motors
Wuling Motor Holdings., Ltd, (doing business as Wuling Motors; Chinese: 五菱汽车; pinyin: Wǔlíng Qìchē) is a Chinese manufacturer of automobiles, subsidiary of Guangxi Automotive Group. The company produce engines, and special purpose vehicles, namely mini electric cars, people movers, trucks and buses, and auto parts. Its eponymous brand, Wuling, is shared with the SAIC-GM-Wuling joint venture.

Citroën Visa
The Citroën Visa is a supermini car which was manufactured and marketed by Citroën from 1978 to 1988. It has a front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout with two body styles: A five-door hatchback and a four-door semiconvertible. 1,254,390 examples were ultimately manufactured over a single generation, with a single facelift (1981). It was produced in both petrol and diesel variants. The car was also assembled in China as the Liuzhou Wuling LZW 7100 minicar; Chinese production started in 1991 and finished in 1994.

Citroën commissioned Heuliez to produce a Visa convertible variant, marketed as the Décapotable (1984), and a box van variant (1985–2005) was marketed as the Citroën C15. A saloon car variant was prototyped but never manufactured.
Surma River
The Surma (Bengali: সুরমা নদী, romanized: Śurmā nôdī) is a major transboundary river in Bangladesh and Assam, part of the Surma-Meghna River System. It starts when the Barak River from northeast India divides at the Bangladesh border into the Surma and the Kushiyara rivers at the junction of Cachar and Karimganj districts. It ends in Kishoreganj District, above Bhairab Bāzār, where the two rivers rejoin to form the Meghna River, which ultimately flows into the Bay of Bengal in Bhola District.

Transboundary river
A transboundary river is a river that crosses at least one political border, either a border within a state or an international boundary. Bangladesh has the highest number of these rivers, with at least 58 major rivers that enter the country from the Republic of India, including two of the world's largest rivers, the Brahmaputra and the Ganges. The Naf River is the only river that flows via Bangladesh into Myanmar.

The hydrologic and political effects of rivers that cross significant boundaries are enormous. Rivers have positive effects in that they carry a significant amount of sediment, which aids in building land in estuarine regions. However, this sediment raises the height of riverbeds, thereby causing flooding. International conventions governing water sharing have led to complex political disputes.
West Richmond railway station
West Richmond station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Mernda and Hurstbridge lines, part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the eastern Melbourne suburb of Richmond in Victoria, Australia. West Richmond is a ground level unstaffed station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 21 October 1901.

The station was opened as a part of line extension from Princes Bridge to Collingwood.

Princes Bridge railway station
Princes Bridge was a Melbourne railway station built in 1859 and was the terminus for all trains on what are now the Mernda and Hurstbridge lines. The station was named after the adjacent Princes Bridge, which crosses the Yarra River. Originally Princes Bridge station was isolated from Flinders Street station, even though it was adjacent to it, sited just on the opposite side of Swanston Street. Some years later the railway tracks were extended under the street to join the two stations, and Princes Bridge slowly became amalgamated into the larger Flinders Street station. This process was completed in May 1997.
Geography of the Isle of Man
The Isle of Man is an island in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland in Northern Europe, with a population of almost 85,000. It is a British Crown dependency. It has a small islet, the Calf of Man, to its south. It is located at 54°15′N 4°30′W﻿ / ﻿54.250°N 4.500°W﻿ / 54.250; -4.500.

Snaefell
Snaefell (Old Norse: snjœ-fjall/snjó-fall – snow mountain or snaufjell - area above the tree line) – (Manx: Sniaull)  is the highest mountain and the only summit above 2,000 feet (610 m) on the Isle of Man, at 2,037 feet (620.9 m) above sea level. The summit is crowned by a railway station, cafe, several communications masts and can be reached by narrow gauge railway.