hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Collapse (topology)
In topology, a branch of mathematics, a collapse reduces a simplicial complex (or more generally, a CW complex) to a homotopy-equivalent subcomplex. Collapses, like CW complexes themselves, were invented by J. H. C. Whitehead. Collapses find applications in computational homology.

Computational topology
Algorithmic topology, or computational topology, is a subfield of topology with an overlap with areas of computer science, in particular, computational geometry and computational complexity theory.

A primary concern of algorithmic topology, as its name suggests, is to develop efficient algorithms for solving problems that arise naturally in fields such as computational geometry, graphics, robotics, social science, structural biology, and chemistry, using methods from computable topology.
Enrique G. Centenera
Enrique Garchitorena Centenera was a journalist from Naga City, Camarines Sur, the Philippines. He came from the prominent mestizo clans of Garchitorena and Centenera. A journalist, he was already a contributor to Voz de Manila and El Debate when he was a student at the Ateneo de Manila. He also studied law at the University of Santo Tomas and founded his own publication, La Nacion.

In 54 years of devotion in promoting Hispano-Filipino, he has published several short stories, novels, essays, and Spanish textbooks. He was editor of Spanish newspapers in the Philippines, like La Defensa, La Vanguardia, and El Debate.  At the University of Santo Tomas and Feati University, he was a professor of Spanish for many years. He was also the adviser to the student organ, Voz Estudiantil in the UST.

Particularly, he promoted Hispanism in the Philippines when he was the vice-president of the Sociodad de Escritores Hispano-Filipinos. He was a recipient of Premio Zobel in 1981.

Ateneo de Manila University
The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila; Spanish: Universidad Ateneo de Manila), commonly referred to as the Ateneo de Manila or the Ateneo, is a private Catholic research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1859 by the Jesuits, it is among the oldest Jesuit-administered institutions of higher education in the Asia-Pacific.

The university offers primary and secondary education, as well as undergraduate and graduate programs in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and business. The university provides professional degrees through the Graduate School of Business, the School of Government, the School of Medicine and Public Health, and the Ateneo Law School. It follows a Jesuit tradition of liberal arts education, emphasizing the humanities at all educational levels.
Combination car (ambulance)
A combination car is a vehicle that can serve either as a hearse or as an ambulance, and has the capability of being swapped between those roles without much difficulty. In use in the United States until the late 1970s, this hybrid usage of the cars reflected an era when funeral homes offered emergency ambulance service in addition to their primary trade, especially in smaller towns and rural areas.

Combination cars were often built on a Cadillac Commercial Chassis and were customized by coachbuilders such as Superior, Miller-Meteor, Hess & Eisenhardt and Cotner-Bevington.

Superior Coach Company
Superior Coach was a coachbuilder in the American automotive industry. Founded in 1909 as the Garford Motor Truck Company, Superior is best known for constructing bodies for professional cars (hearses) and school buses. Following major downturns in both segments in the late 1970s, Superior was liquidated by its parent company in 1980. From 1925 to 1980, the company was based in Lima, Ohio.

After its 1980 closure, the Superior name would live on through several other companies. The manufacturing of school buses would play a part of the formation of Mid Bus (acquired by Collins Industries in 2008) and the professional car operations would remain in Lima as part of Accubuilt.
Ben Hogan Golf Company
The Ben Hogan Golf Company is an American brand of sports equipment founded by professional golfer Ben Hogan in 1953.

The company was acquired by American Machine and Foundry in 1960 and it became one of the leading manufacturers of golf clubs during the 1970s. The company went through a number of ownership changes from the 1980s to 1990s and its standing in the industry declined. Callaway Golf Company bought the brand out of bankruptcy in 2003 and discontinued it five years later. The company's branding rights were purchased in 2012 by Perry Ellis International, which resumed the sale of Hogan-branded golf apparel and accessories. As of 2023, two attempts have been made to revive Hogan-branded golf clubs through a direct-to-consumer business model.

Sports equipment
Sports equipment, also called sporting goods, are the tools, materials, apparel, and gear that vary in shape, size, and usage in a particular sport. It includes balls, nets, rackets, protective gears like helmets, goggles, etc. Since the performer must use sports equipment, it can also serve for protection.
The Apparition (2012 film)
The Apparition is a 2012 American supernatural horror film written and directed by Todd Lincoln, in his directorial debut, and starring Ashley Greene, Sebastian Stan, Tom Felton, Julianna Guill, and Rick Gomez. The plot follows three college students who, after the death of their friend, must battle a supernatural force they summoned themselves. The film was loosely inspired by the Philip experiment conducted in 1972.

The film was universally panned by both film critics and audiences, with chief complaints being the complete lack of scares, poor script, borrowing from other better horror films, and for spoiling the ending in the theatrical trailer. The film was also a box office bomb, and was cited by critics as one of the worst films of 2012.

Rick Gomez
Rick Gomez is an American actor. He is known for portraying Radio Technician Fourth Grade George Luz in the HBO television miniseries Band of Brothers, and "Endless Mike" Hellstrom in the Nickelodeon TV series The Adventures of Pete & Pete. Gomez also voiced Zack Fair in the Final Fantasy VII series. He is the older brother of actor Joshua Gomez.

Born in Bayonne, New Jersey, and raised in South Plainfield, New Jersey, Gomez graduated from South Plainfield High School.
Aboriginal Housing Victoria
Aboriginal Housing Victoria (AHV) is a not-for-profit, registered community housing agency and is the largest Aboriginal housing organisation in the Australian state of Victoria. AHV was the first Aboriginal housing agency to be registered as a housing provider in Victoria and it is also the largest in Australia, and serves as an Aboriginal landlord, providing personalised, culturally sensitive services for over 4000 Aboriginal Victorians through more than 1500 tenancies.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Luck Lake
Luck Lake is a small freshwater lake in northern Highlands County, Florida. Just to the southeast is Deer Lake. Luck Lake is apparently a natural lake, but it has been dredged and altered to resemble a horseshoe. The Florida Atlas of Lakes says its surface area is 2.15 acres (0.87 ha). It is a very shallow lake; parts of its bottom were exposed during a severe drought lasting from 2006 to 2009. This lake is also known as Lake Duck on at least one map and on the Lakes of Highlands County website.

Luck Lake is owned by Orange Blossom Fellowship, which has a church on the site, on the east side of County Road 17A. Most of the organization's land is occupied by a mobile home/RV park. Luck Lake contains a fountain in its southeast corner. Because of its small size, no boating is possible. There are five fishing docks on site, but they are not open to the public. Swimming is also prohibited.

Highlands County, Florida
Highlands County is a county located in the Florida Heartland region of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 101,235. Its county seat is Sebring. Highlands County comprises the Sebring, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The SMA was first defined in 2003 as the Sebring, Florida Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), consisting of Highlands County. The status of the area was changed to a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in 2013. The MSA was renamed the Sebring-Avon Park, Florida MSA in 2018. The name reverted to Sebring, Florida MSA in 2023.
Croftamie
Croftamie (Scottish Gaelic Croit Sheumaidh) is a small village and community council area in the Stirling council area in Scotland. It lies to the south of the larger village of Drymen.

The village was traditionally part of Dunbartonshire. Under the local government reforms in 1975 it became part of the Dumbarton district of Strathclyde. A boundary change in 1983 transferred Croftamie to the Stirling District of the Central Region. Further reforms in 1996 saw the Central Region abolished and Stirling District became the unitary Stirling council area.

There is an active community council for Croftamie, which generally meets at the But and Ben public house.

Drymen station on the Forth and Clyde Junction Railway was situated in the village.

Strathclyde
Strathclyde (Ystrad Clud in Welsh; Srath Chluaidh [s̪t̪ɾa ˈxl̪ˠɯi] in Gaelic, meaning 'strath [valley] of the River Clyde') was one of nine former local government regions of Scotland created in 1975 by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and abolished in 1996 by the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994. The Strathclyde region had 19 districts. The region was named after the early medieval Kingdom of Strathclyde centred on Govan, but covered a broader geographic area than its namesake by including Argyll and various Western islands in addition to its Southwestern core.
Rosie Curston's Meadow, Mattishall
Rosie Curston's Meadow is a 2.3-hectare (5.7-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Mattishall in Norfolk, England.

This unimproved calcareous clay meadow is managed by cattle grazing. It has over sixty grass species and a rich variety of herbs, including green-winged orchid, adder's tongue, bee orchid, twayblade and yellow rattle.

The site is private land with no public access.

Calcareous
Calcareous (/kælˈkɛəriəs/) is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is  used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.
Devor
Devor is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aaron Devor (born 1951), Canadian sociologist and sexologist

Anna Devor (born 1972), Israeli-American biomedical engineer

Richard E. DeVor (1944–2011), American engineer and academic

Robinson Devor, American film director and screenwriter

Robinson Devor
Robinson Devor is an American film director, screenwriter and editor. He is also a film professor at Cornish College of the Arts. Devor has directed both documentaries as well as fiction films. His filmography includes narrative works such as The Woman Chaser (1999) and Police Beat (2005), and his documentary work includes Zoo (2007), Pow Wow (2018) and Suburban Fury (2024).
Shuruppak
Shuruppak (Sumerian: 𒋢𒆳𒊒𒆠 ŠuruppagKI, SU.KUR.RUki, "the healing place"), modern Tell Fara, was an ancient Sumerian city situated about 55 kilometres (35 mi) south of Nippur and 30 kilometers north of ancient Uruk on the banks of the Euphrates in Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate. Shuruppak was dedicated to Ninlil, also called Sud, the goddess of grain and the air. The Early Dynastic IIIa period is also sometimes called the Fara period. Not to be confused with the Levantine archaeological site Tell el-Far'ah (South).

"Shuruppak" is sometimes also the name of a king of the city, legendary survivor of the Flood, and supposed author of the Instructions of Shuruppak".

Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate
Al-Qadisiyah Governorate (Arabic: القادسية, al-Qādisiyah), also known as the Al-Diwaniyah Governorate (Arabic: ٱلدِّيوَانِيَّة, ad-Dīwānīyah), is one of the governorates of Iraq.  It is in the southern part of the center of the country. The estimated population of the province is about a million and a half million people, according to the census of 2014. Its capital is Al Diwaniyah. Before 1976, it was part of the ad-Diwāniyah Governorate, along with al-Muthannā and Najaf. The province is named after the historical city of Al-Qadisiyah, the site of the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah, where in 636 CE the Islamic Rashidun forces defeated the forces of the Sassanid Empire. The governorate is predominantly Shia Arab. It includes the Mesopotamian Marshes of Hor Aldelmj.
Flyford Flavell
Flyford Flavell is a village in Worcestershire. It has a traditional pub in the centre of the village adjacent to the village green and a primary school (rated Good by Ofsted in November 2016). A garage and another pub lie on the periphery of the village and the nearest shop is 3 miles. The name Flyford is of unknown origin. The second element is thought to derive from the Old English fyrhð meaning 'wood'. The first element could possibly derive from the personal name Flaede, but the exact origin is not known. The affix Flavell is an Anglo-Norman rendering of the village's name, used to distinguish it from nearby Grafton Flyford.

Anglo-Norman language
Anglo-Norman (Norman: Anglo-Normaund; French: Anglo-normand), also known as Anglo-Norman French and part of the French of England (including Anglo-French) was a dialect of Old Norman that was used in England and, to a lesser extent, other places in Great Britain and Ireland during the Anglo-Norman period.
2000 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 2000 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 90th completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889.

St Martin's entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 15 October 2000 at St Patrick's Park in Enniscorthy, between St Anne's and Oulart–The Ballagh, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St Anne's won the match by 2–12 to 2–10 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in 76 years. This victory was the second part of a double, as St Anne's had earlier won the Wexford SFC title.

Double (Gaelic games)
The Double is a term in Gaelic games that refers to a county winning the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship and the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in the same year.  Other major trophies won in combination in the same year at minor or under-21 levels are also often referred to as doubles.  Similarly, the winning of the All-Ireland and the National League titles in the same year may also be referred to as the Double.
Moon Warriors
Moon Warriors (戰神傳說) is a 1992 Hong Kong wuxia film directed by Sammo Hung, written by Alex Law, and produced by Jessica Chan. The film starred Andy Lau, Kenny Bee, Anita Mui and Maggie Cheung. The film was released theatrically in Hong Kong on 19 December 1992.

Kenny Bee
Chung Chun-to (born 23 February 1953), also known as Kenny Bee, is a Hong Kong singer and actor. He rose to fame as the frontman of the Wynners, with whom he won the Golden Needle Award, the highest honor in Hong Kong music, in 1989. He received the award again in 2016 as a solo artist.
Reversis
Reversis, or more rarely Réversi, is a very old trick-avoiding card game in the Hearts family. Its origin is uncertain, but it may have emerged in Italy before spreading to Spain and France. It is considered one of the two probable ancestors of Hearts, Black Lady and Black Maria, the other being Coquimbert or Coquinbert. It was very popular with the French aristocracy in the 17th and 18th centuries, and much played elsewhere, except in Britain. Initially quite simple, the game eventually developed more complex mechanics such as vast quantities of counters and a system of pools and side-payments. Its name may have possibly come from the reverse order and construction of the game itself, or even from its exceptional slam which, like "shooting the moon" in Black Lady, reverses the entire aim of the game.

Jeton
Jetons or jettons are tokens or coin-like medals produced across Europe from the 13th through the 18th centuries. They were produced as counters for use in calculation on a counting board, a lined board similar to an abacus. Jetons for calculation were commonly used in Europe from about 1200 to 1700, and remained in occasional use into the early nineteenth century. They also found use as a money substitute in games, similar to modern casino chips or poker chips.

Thousands of different jetons exist, mostly of religious and educational designs, as well as portraits, the last of which most resemble coinage, somewhat similar to modern, non-circulation commemorative coins. The spelling "jeton" is from the French; it is sometimes spelled "jetton" in English.
Dandry Mire Viaduct
Dandry Mire Viaduct, (or Dandrymire Viaduct), is a railway viaduct on the Settle & Carlisle line in Cumbria, England. It is just north of Garsdale station, 21 miles (34 km) from Settle, and 51 miles (82 km) south of Carlisle. When the Settle & Carlisle line was being built, the traversing of Dandry Mire was to have been by use of an embankment, but the bog swallowed all of the material poured into it, so a trench was dug instead, and a viaduct constructed. The viaduct, which is 227 yards (208 m) long and 50 feet (15 m) high, is still open to traffic on the railway, and is a prominent landmark at the head of Garsdale.

Settle railway station
Settle is a railway station on the Settle and Carlisle Line, which runs between Carlisle and Leeds. The station, situated 41 miles 37 chains (66.7 km) north-west of Leeds, serves the market town of Settle in North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

The market town is also served by the railway station at Giggleswick, situated about a mile to the south-west; it is on the Bentham Line, which runs between Leeds and Morecambe via Lancaster.
2014 Copa de España de Futsal
The 2014 Copa de España de Fútbol Sala was the 25th staging of the Copa de España de Fútbol Sala. It took place in Logroño, La Rioja between 13 and 16 March. The matches were played at Palacio de los Deportes de La Rioja for up to 4,500 seats. The tournament was hosted by La Rioja regional government, Logroño municipality and LNFS. This was the second time that Logroño hosted Copa de España after the 2012 edition.

FC Barcelona Intersport was the defending champion, but lost to Inter Movistar in semifinal. Inter Movistar eventually won its eighth Copa de España trophy after winning against ElPozo Murcia 4–3 in the final.

Inter FS
Inter Fútbol Sala, known as Inter Movistar Fútbol Sala for sponsorship reasons, is a professional futsal club based in Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid. The club was founded in 1977 and its pavilion is the Pabellón Jorge Garbajosa with a capacity of 3,136 seated spectators. The club's main sponsors is Movistar.
Volhynian Bloody Sunday
On Sunday, 11 July 1943, OUN-UPA death squads, aided by local Ukrainian peasants, simultaneously attacked at least 99 Polish settlements within Wołyń Province of the German-occupied prewar Second Polish Republic.
  It was a well-orchestrated attack on people gathered at Catholic churches for Sunday mass. The towns affected included Kisielin (the Kisielin massacre), Poryck (the Poryck Massacre), Chrynów (the Chrynów massacre), Zabłoćce, and Krymn, while dozens of other towns were attacked on other dates; tens of churches and chapels were burned to the ground.

The Volhynian massacres spread over four prewar provinces, including Wołyń with 40,000–60,000 victims, as well as Lwów, Stanisławów and Tarnopol provinces in Lesser Poland with 30,000-40,000 Poles murdered, for a total of 100,000 Polish victims of the UPA terror.

Lwów Voivodeship
Lwów Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo lwowskie) was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918–1939). Because of the Nazi invasion of Poland in accordance with the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, it became occupied by both the Wehrmacht and the Red Army in September 1939. Following the conquest of Poland however, the Polish underground administration existed there until August 1944. Only around half of the Voivodeship was returned to Poland after the war ended. It was split diagonally just east of Przemyśl; with its eastern half, including Lwów itself, ceded to the Ukrainian SSR at the insistence of Joseph Stalin during the Tehran Conference confirmed (as not negotiable) at the Yalta Conference of 1945.
Mr. Blue
"Mr. Blue" is a popular song written by DeWayne Blackwell that was a hit for the Fleetwoods, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in November 1959, giving the group its second chart-topping hit of the year. Roy Lanham played guitar on the track, and Si Zentner played the trombone.

Roy Lanham
Roy Howard Lanham (January 16, 1923 – February 14, 1991) was an American guitarist. Best known for his work with the Western-style vocal band Sons of the Pioneers between 1961 and 1986, he had a long career that spanned from the prewar years to his death. His main style was early country and Western swing, although he could also play jazz remarkably well. His name never quite achieved widespread notoriety; but within the music industry and his peers, he was considered on a par with the likes of Merle Travis and Chet Atkins.
Nutsa Gogoberidze
Nino "Nutsa" Gogoberidze (also spelled Ghoghoberidze; Georgian: ნინო "ნუცა" ღოღობერიძე; 1903–1966) was a pioneering Georgian film director. She was an associate of Sergei Eisenstein and Alexander Dovzhenko. Her 1934 film Uzhmuri was the first Georgian feature film in the Soviet Union directed by a woman.

Cinema of Georgia
The cinema of Georgia has been noted for its cinematography in Europe. Italian film director Federico Fellini was an admirer of the Georgian film: "Georgian film is a completely unique phenomenon, vivid, philosophically inspiring, very wise, childlike. There is everything that can make me cry and I ought to say that it (my crying) is not an easy thing."
Jace Peterson
Jace Ryan Peterson (born May 9, 1990) is an American former professional baseball utility player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres, Atlanta Braves, New York Yankees, Baltimore Orioles, Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland Athletics, and Arizona Diamondbacks. Peterson played college baseball at McNeese State University.

Utility player (baseball)
In baseball, a utility player or utility man is a player who has the ability to play more than one position in the field and is primarily used as a substitute. The term super utility player may be used to refer to a player who can play all or most positions, or a player who regularly appears in the starting lineup at different positions.