hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spira (name)
Spira is a surname with a variety of origins. In Germany, the surname Spira is a form of Speyer, the name of a town in the Rhineland.

The surname found particular historical significance among the Jewish communities of Central and Eastern Europe, with many notable Rabbis claiming this name. The Spira family directly descends from 11th century rabbi Rashi, and therefore is in the Davidic line. Additionally, the Baal Shem Tov, the founder of Hassidic Judaism, is said to have claimed that the Spira family is one of three pure lineages of among the Jewish nation (being Israelites), the others being the Horowitz family (who are Levites) and the Rappaport family (who are Kohanim).

Other forms of the name include Spiro, Shapira, and Shapiro.

Notable people with this name include:

Kohen
Kohen (Hebrew: כֹּהֵן, romanized: kōhēn, pronounced [koˈ(h)en]; pl. כֹּהֲנִים, kōhănīm, [ko(h)aˈnim]) is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic priesthood, also called Aaronites or Aaronides. They are traditionally believed, and halakhically required, to be of direct patrilineal descent from the biblical Aaron (also Aharon), brother of Moses, and thus belong to the Tribe of Levi.

During the existence of the Temple in Jerusalem (and previously the Tabernacle), kohanim performed the Temple sacrificial offerings, which were only permitted to be offered by them. Following its destruction, it seems that most of them joined the Synagogal Jewish movement before adopting gradually Rabbinic Judaism, other types of Judaism, Christianity or Islam. Today, kohanim retain a lesser though distinct status within Rabbinic and Karaite Judaism, including certain honors and restrictions.

In the Samaritan community, the kohanim have remained the primary religious leaders.
FGI-103
FGI-103 is an antiviral drug developed as a potential treatment for the filoviruses Ebola virus and Marburg virus. In tests on mice FGI-103 was effective against both Ebola and Marburg viruses when administered up to 48 hours after infection. The mechanism of action of FGI-103 has however not yet been established, as it was found not to be acting by any of the known mechanisms used by similar antiviral drugs.

Filoviridae
Filoviridae (/ˌfaɪloʊˈvɪrɪdiː/) is a family of single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Two members of the family that are commonly known are Ebola virus and Marburg virus. Both viruses, and some of their lesser known relatives, cause severe disease in humans and nonhuman primates in the form of viral hemorrhagic fevers.

All filoviruses are classified by the US as select agents, by the World Health Organization as Risk Group 4 Pathogens (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment), by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases as Category A Priority Pathogens, and by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as Category A Bioterrorism Agents, and are listed as Biological Agents for Export Control by the Australia Group.
Francisco Campos
Francisco Campos is the name of:

Francisco Campos (baseball) (born 1972), Mexican baseball player

Francisco Campos (jurist) (1891–1968), Brazilian cabinet minister and author of the 1937 Constitution

Francisco Campos (footballer) (born 1912), Spanish football player for Real Madrid

Paco Campos (Francisco Campos Salamanca, 1916–1995), Spanish football player for Atlético Madrid

Tatica Campos (Francisco Campos Toledo, born 1892), Cuban baseball player

Xisco Campos (Francisco Javier Campos Coll, born 1982), Spanish football player for Mallorca

Francisco Campos (cyclist) (born 1997), Portuguese cyclist

Francisco Campos (politician), Ecuadorian Minister of Finance 1889–1890

Xisco Campos
Francisco Javier Campos Coll (born 10 March 1982), known as Xisco Campos, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central defender or a right-back.

He spent most of his career with Gimnàstic, appearing in more than 200 competitive matches over six seasons, three spent in the Segunda División. He played 11 La Liga games with Mallorca in two separate spells.
Pandarwada
Pandarwada is a village situated in Middle East area of Gujarat state of India. The village is in Mahisagar district having maximum population of Adivasis. Main business of people of village is Agriculture, Agriculture Labour and Animal husbandry. Main crop of the village are Maize, Wheat, Pearl millet, Pigeon pea and Vegetable. The village is having facilities of Gram panchayat, Kindergarten and Primary school.

Mahisagar district
Mahisagar district is a district in the state of Gujarat in India that came into being on 26 January 2013, becoming the 28th district of the state. The district has been carved out of the Panchmahal district and the Kheda district. District Name Mahisagar given from "Mahi River". Lunawada is the district headquarters of Mahisagar. It started its operation in full-fledged from 15 August 2013.
Lijomol Jose
Lijomol Jose  is an Indian actress who primarily appears in Malayalam and Tamil films. She earned critical acclaim for portraying Senggeni in the Tamil film Jai Bhim (2021), which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil.

Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil
The Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for Tamil (Kollywood) films. The awards were extended to  "Best Actress" in 1972. The year indicates the year of release of the film.
Christ Church, Kotri
Christ Church is a protestant church in Railway Colony Kotri Tehsil of  Jamshoro in the province of Sindh in Pakistan. The church is the first and the oldest churches in Pakistan with zero reconstruction.

It attends to a congregational strength of approximately 200 people and is located in the town of Kotri. The church is administered by the Diocese of Hyderabad, Church of Pakistan.

Church of Pakistan
The Church of Pakistan is a united Protestant church in Pakistan founded in 1970; it holds membership in the Anglican Communion, the World Communion of Reformed Churches, and the World Methodist Council. The Church of Pakistan claims 1,900,000 members.
Santissima Annunziata, Florence
The Basilica della Santissima Annunziata (Basilica of the Most Holy Annunciation) is a Renaissance-style, Catholic minor basilica in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy. This is considered the mother church of the Servite Order. It is located at the northeastern side of the Piazza Santissima Annunziata near the city center.

Pontormo
Jacopo Carucci or Carrucci (IPA: [ˈjaːkopo ka(r)ˈruttʃi]; May 24, 1494 – January 2, 1557), usually known as Jacopo (da) Pontormo or simply Pontormo (IPA: [ponˈtormo]), was an  Italian Mannerist painter and portraitist from the Florentine School. His work represents a profound stylistic shift from the calm perspectival regularity that characterized the art of the Florentine Renaissance. He is famous for his use of twining poses, coupled with ambiguous perspective; his figures often seem to float in an uncertain environment, unhampered by the forces of gravity.
Nancy Charton
Nancy Charton Ph.D (1920 – 2015) was the first female ordained priest in the Anglican Church of Southern Africa.

Charton was a lecturer and later associate professor in the Department of Politics at Rhodes University. She was also a deacon at St Bartholomew's Church, Grahamstown. In September 1992 she was ordained priest by David Russell in the Grahamstown Cathedral.

Diocese of Grahamstown
The Diocese of Grahamstown is a diocese of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. It is centred on the historic city of Makhanda in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The diocese extends to East London, in the east and Port Alfred to the south.
Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange risk (also known as FX risk, exchange rate risk or currency risk) is a financial risk that exists when a financial transaction is denominated in a currency other than the domestic currency of the company. The exchange risk arises when there is a risk of an unfavourable change in exchange rate between the domestic currency and the denominated currency before the date when the transaction is completed.

Foreign exchange risk also exists when the foreign subsidiary of a firm maintains financial statements in a currency other than the domestic currency of the consolidated entity.

Investors and businesses exporting or importing goods and services, or making foreign investments, have an exchange-rate risk but can take steps to manage (i.e. reduce) the risk.

Social Science Research Network
SSRN (Social Science Research Network) is an open access research platform that functions as a repository for sharing early-stage research and preprints. It facilitates the rapid dissemination of scholarly research in the social sciences, humanities, life sciences, and health sciences, among others. It was formerly called Social Science Research Network, now called SSRN to reflect that it hosts content not only in social sciences but also in a wide range of disciplines including economics, law, business and engineering. Elsevier bought SSRN from Social Science Electronic Publishing Inc. in May 2016. It is not an electronic journal, but rather an electronic library and search engine.
Hwang Liang-hua
Hwang Liang-hua (Chinese: 黃良華) is a Taiwanese businessman and politician.

Hwang graduated from Chinese Culture University.

Hwang led the taishang business association in Foshan, and was seated to the Legislative Yuan on 12 July 2007, after the resignation of Tsao Shou-min. As a legislator, Hwang led a group of taishang supportive of Ma Ying-jeou's 2008 presidential campaign, and advocated for a reduction of restrictions on Taiwanese investments in China.

Chinese Culture University
Chinese Culture University (CCU; Chinese: 中國文化大學) is a private university located in Yangmingshan in Shilin District, Taipei, Taiwan. Established in 1962, CCU is one of the largest universities in Taiwan with an enrollment of about 32,000 students. Satellite campuses are located in the Jianguo, Ximending, and Zhongxiao East Road areas of Taipei City.
Tethersonde
A tethersonde is a type of radiosonde used in atmospheric science for atmospheric sounding. Tethersondes are attached to fixed or tethered balloons via a separate tether and can be moved up and down the tether to obtain multiple atmospheric readings.

Atmospheric sounding
Atmospheric sounding or atmospheric profiling is a measurement of vertical distribution of physical properties of the atmospheric column such as pressure, temperature, wind speed and wind direction (thus deriving wind shear), liquid water content, ozone concentration, pollution, and other properties. Such measurements are performed in a variety of ways including remote sensing and in situ observations.

The most common in situ sounding is a radiosonde, which usually is a weather balloon, but can also be a rocketsonde.

Remote sensing soundings generally use passive infrared and microwave radiometers:

airborne instruments

surface stations

Earth-observing satellite instruments such as AIRS and AMSU

observation of atmospheres on different planets, such as the Mars climate sounder on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Jean-Claude Lefebvre (basketball)
Jean-Claude Lefebvre (14 June 1937 – 13 August 1999) was a French basketball player who was a member of the French national basketball team. He played two seasons of college basketball in the United States for Gonzaga University where he set the schools then single game scoring record with 50 points in 1958.

Lefebvre was drafted by the Minneapolis Lakers with the 64th pick in the 1960 NBA draft, becoming the first French player to be drafted to the National Basketball Association.

Gonzaga University
Gonzaga University (GU) (/ɡənˈzæɡə/ ghən-ZAG-ə) is a private Jesuit university in Spokane, Washington, United States. It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. Founded in 1887 by Joseph Cataldo, a Sicilian-born priest and Jesuit missionary, the university is named after the young Jesuit saint Aloysius Gonzaga. The campus houses 105 buildings on 152 acres (62 ha) of grassland alongside the Spokane River, in a residential setting a half-mile (800 m) from downtown Spokane.

The university grants bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its college and six schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, School of Business Administration, School of Education, School of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Law, School of Nursing and Human Physiology, and the School of Leadership Studies.
Axel von Harnack
Friedrich Hermann Julius Axel von Harnack (September 12, 1895 – June 17, 1974) was a German librarian, historian and philologist. He was the cousin of Arvid and Falk Harnack and worked to get Arvid and his wife, Mildred Harnack released from Nazi detention after they were arrested in connection with the Red Orchestra. He was the first in the family to be told of Arvid and Mildred's arrest, which had been kept secret by the Nazis. In 1947, he published a memoir of the trial that convicted Arvid and Mildred Harnack of high treason and sentenced them to death.

Falk Harnack
Falk Harnack (2 March 1913 – 3 September 1991) was a German director and screenwriter. During Germany's Nazi era, he was also active with the German Resistance and toward the end of World War II, the partisans in Greece. Harnack was from a family of scholars, artists and scientists, several of whom were active in the anti-Nazi Resistance and paid with their lives.
Walter Ballard
Walter Harvey Ballard Sr. (January 12, 1933 – October 26, 2024) was an American NASCAR driver from Houston, Texas. In 1971, he won the Rookie of the Year Award in the NASCAR Winston Cup Grand National Series (known as the NASCAR Cup Series as of 2021), in its first year under Winston's sponsorship.

Rookie of the Year (award)
A Rookie of the Year award or ROY is given by a number of sports leagues to the top-performing athlete in their first season within the league. Athletes competing for the first time in any given league are also known as "rookies". The method of giving out the award varies by league with many team sports giving the award based on a subjective vote of selected people, While many individual sports may give the award on more objective criteria such as awarding it to the top finishing rookie athlete based on end of season standings or their finish in a specific event.
Simham Navvindi
Simham Navvindi (transl. The Lion has Laughed) is a 1983 Indian Telugu-language comedy drama film, produced by Nandamuri Harikrishna under the Ramakrishna Cine Studios banner and directed by D. Yoganand. It stars N. T. Rama Rao, Nandamuri Balakrishna and Kala Ranjani, with music composed by Chakravarthy. The film was remade in Tamil as Raja Mariyadhai in 1987.

Ramakrishna Cine Studios
Ramakrishna Cine Studios is a film production house and studio facility located at Nacharam, Hyderabad, India. It was constructed by N. T. Rama Rao in memory of his son Rama Krishna Sr. The first film shot in the studio was Daana Veera Soora Karna (1977).
Tyrolean Airways
Tyrolean Airways, legally Tyrolean Airways Tiroler Luftfahrt GmbH, was an Austrian regional airline based in Innsbruck with its hub at Vienna International Airport and its homebase at Innsbruck Airport. It was owned by the Lufthansa Group and was an affiliate of the Star Alliance together with its parent Austrian Airlines.

Tyrolean operated regional flights under the Austrian Arrows brand on behalf of Austrian Airlines from 2003 until July 2012, when nearly all employees and the fleet of Austrian Airlines was transferred to it following a labour dispute. Following a new labour agreement, Tyrolean was merged into Austrian Airlines and dissolved as a company on 31 March 2015.

Vienna International Airport
Vienna Airport (IATA: VIE, ICAO: LOWW) is an international airport serving Vienna, the capital of Austria. It is located in Schwechat, 18 km (11 mi) southeast of central Vienna and 57 kilometres (35 mi) west of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. Its official name according to the Austrian Aeronautical Information Publication is Wien-Schwechat Airport. It is the country's largest airport and serves as the hub for Austrian Airlines as well as a base for low-cost carriers Ryanair and Wizz Air and since April 2025 also for leisure airline Condor. It is capable of handling wide-body aircraft up to the Airbus A380. The airport features a dense network of European destinations as well as long-haul flights to Asia, North America and Africa.
Maria Eleonora I Boncompagni
Maria Eleonora I Boncompagni (1686–1745) was the Princess of Piombino, Marchioness of Populonia, Princess of Venosa and Countess of Conza, Lady di Scarlino, Populonia, Vignale, Abbadia del Fango, Suvereto, Buriano, Cerboli e Palmaiolan, and Lady princess of the Tuscan Archipelago including the islands of Elba, Montecristo, Pianosa, Gorgona, Capraia, and Isola del Giglio, from 1733 until her death.

Elba
Elba (Italian: isola d'Elba, pronounced [ˈiːzola ˈdelba]; Latin: Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, 10 km (6.2 mi) from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park, and the third largest island in Italy, after Sicily and Sardinia. It is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea about 50 km (30 mi) east of the French island of Corsica.

The island is part of the province of Livorno and is divided into seven municipalities, with a total population of about 30,000 inhabitants which increases considerably during the summer. The municipalities are Portoferraio (which is also the island's principal town), Campo nell'Elba, Capoliveri, Marciana, Marciana Marina, Porto Azzurro, and Rio.

It is famous for being the site of Napoleon's first exile, from 1814 to 1815.
1994 Wisconsin Supreme Court election
The 1994 Wisconsin Supreme Court election was held on April 5, 1994, to elect a justice to the Wisconsin Supreme Court for a ten-year term. Incumbent justice Janine P. Geske (who had been appointed the previous year to fill a vacancy on the seat) was re-elected over challenger William A. Pangman.

Wisconsin Supreme Court
The Wisconsin Supreme Court is the highest and final court of appeals in the state judicial system of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. In addition to hearing appeals of lower Wisconsin court decisions, the Wisconsin Supreme Court also has the option to take original jurisdiction of cases, and serves as a regulator and administrator of judicial conduct and the practice of law in Wisconsin.

Justices on the Wisconsin Supreme Court are elected. The two most recent elections (2023 and 2025) received national attention. They both broke records for the most expensive judicial elections in U.S. history.
Manirul Islam Sarkar
Manirul Islam Sarkar (Bengali: মনিরুল ইসলাম সরকার; 1965 – 3 December 2017) was an Indian Bengali politician and teacher. He was the former two-time member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly for the Phulbari Assembly Constituency in West Garo Hills district. Sarkar was also the Cabinet Minister for Agriculture and Transport.

Meghalaya Legislative Assembly
The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Meghalaya.

Constituted as a directly elected body in 1972, it has 60 members, filled through direct elections held every five years. Like other Indian states, Meghalaya has a parliamentary system of government. The executive branch of the Meghalaya Government is derived from the Legislative Assembly.
Broderick Reservoir
Broderick Reservoir is a reservoir about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) south-southeast of Outlook in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan in the Rural Municipality of Rudy No. 284. Broderick Reservoir was built in 1967 as part of South Saskatchewan River Project. That project involved the building of aqueducts and a series of reservoirs to supply water for irrigation, consumption, and industry originating at Gardiner Dam at Lake Diefenbaker. Broderick is the first reservoir in the series. Downstream reservoirs include Brightwater Reservoir, Indi Lake, Blackstrap Lake, Bradwell Reservoir, Zelma Reservoir, and Dellwood Reservoir.

There are no communities along the shores of the reservoir. Broderick, the closest community, is about 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) to the north. The public has access to the reservoir for fishing and other water sports.

Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away. In modern engineering, the term aqueduct is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose. The term aqueduct also often refers specifically to a bridge carrying an artificial watercourse.

Aqueducts were used in ancient Greece, the ancient Near East, ancient Rome, ancient Aztec, and ancient Inca. The simplest aqueducts are small ditches cut into the earth. Much larger channels may be used in modern aqueducts. Aqueducts sometimes run for some or all of their path through tunnels constructed underground. Modern aqueducts may also use pipelines. Historically, agricultural societies have constructed aqueducts to irrigate crops and supply large cities with drinking water.
Alexis Ahlgren
Alexis Malkolm Ahlgren (14 July 1887 – 14 March 1969) was a Swedish long-distance runner who on 31 May 1913 set a world best of 2:36:06 at the Polytechnic Marathon. He competed in the men's marathon at the 1912 Summer Olympics but did not finish. He was born in Trollhättan.

Polytechnic Marathon
The Polytechnic Marathon, often called the Poly, was a marathon held annually between 1909 and 1996, over various courses in or near London. It was the first marathon to be run regularly over the distance of 26 miles, 385 yards which is now the global standard. A total of eight world marathon bests were set in the Poly, including the first authenticated time under 2 hours, 20 minutes which had been regarded as the marathon equivalent of the four-minute mile. At the time of its demise in 1996, the Poly was Europe's oldest regular marathon. It had seen more world records and had been run over 42.195 kilometres (26.219 mi) more often than any other marathon.
Australia national men's roller derby team
The Wizards of AUS represent Australia in men's international roller derby.  First formed in August 2013, the team was originally intended as a warm-up for the Men's Roller Derby World Cup (Birmingham, England 4 to 6 March 2014), in which they competed against the New Zealand Black Skates.

Roller derby
Roller derby is a roller skating contact sport played on an oval track by two teams of five skaters. It is played by approximately 1,250 amateur leagues worldwide, though it is most popular in the United States.

A 60-minute roller derby game, or bout, is a series of two-minute timed jams.  Each team, typically with a roster of 15, fields five skaters during each jam: one jammer, designated with a star on their helmet, and four blockers. During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. The jammer scores a point for each opposing blocker they lap. The blockers simultaneously defend by hindering the opposing jammer, while also playing offense by maneuvering to aid their own jammer. Because roller derby uses a penalty box, power jams, in which one team has a temporary numerical advantage after a foul, can have a major effect on scoring.