hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sishya School
Sishya is an Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) syllabus Indian school, based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Founded in 1972 by Mr K.I. Thomas, it has grown from just 28 students to over a thousand students, and 2 branches. It is affiliated to and shares its premises with École Franco-Indienne Sishya.

Indian Certificate of Secondary Education
The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) is an academic qualification awarded by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, a private, non-governmental board of education in India. The CISCE conducts these examinations to assess students' performance in a course of general education, offered through the medium of English, and aligned with the recommendations of the New Education Policy 2020. The board facilitates these examinations for affiliated schools across various states and union territories, ensuring standardized evaluation and representation.
Gochang O clan
Gochang O clan (Korean: 고창 오씨; Hanja: 高敞 吳氏) was one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan was in Gochang County, North Jeolla Province. According to the research in 2000, the number of Gochang O clan was 16716. Their founder was O Hak rin (Hanja: 吳學麟). He was a Hanlin Academy during Jeongjong, 10th monarch of Goryeo’s reign in Goryeo dynasty and a descendant of O Cheom (Hanja: 吳瞻) who came over from China to Silla during Jijeung of Silla’s reign in Silla dynasty.

Gochang County
Gochang County (Korean: 고창군; RR: Gochang-gun) is a county in Jeonbuk State, South Korea.  It is a rural area, and is home to only one institution of higher education:  Gochang Polytechnic College.

Notable people from Gochang include the 20th-century poet Midang. The temple of Seonunsa is also located in Gochang.

The Gochang Dolmens located in Maesan village are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site and Historic Site #391.

Gochang-gun has an average temperature of 14.3 degrees Celsius and precipitation of 1003.6 millimeters, which is a low rainfall area. The average high is 18.8 degrees and the average low is 8.01 degrees.
1967 Glasgow Pollok by-election
The 1967 Glasgow Pollok by-election of 9 March 1967 was held after the death of Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) Alex Garrow.

The seat was marginal, having been won by Labour at the 1966 United Kingdom general election by under 2,000 votes. Until the 1964 general election, the seat had been represented by Unionist MPs (the equivalent of Conservatives) continuously since its creation in 1918.

Glasgow Pollok (UK Parliament constituency)
Glasgow Pollok was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 until 2005, when it was replaced by Glasgow South West. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system.
Lake Patricia National Wildlife Refuge
Lake Patricia National Wildlife Refuge is an 800-acre (320 ha) National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in the U.S. state of North Dakota. The refuge is an Easement refuge that is entirely on privately owned land, but the landowners and U.S. Government work cooperatively to protect the resources. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service oversees Lake Patricia NWR from offices at Audubon National Wildlife Refuge.

Easement refuge
An easement refuge is a special type of National Wildlife Refuge under the auspices of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Such refuges exist on privately owned land, with the law of easements guaranteeing their status.

On an easement refuge, the Refuge boundaries encompass private land and the Fish and Wildlife Service does not own the land. Instead, through the use of a conservation easement, the FWS maintains the water rights and the right to restrict "hunting, trapping and willful disturbance of any bird or wild animal of any kind whatsoever within the limits of the refuge or to enter thereon..." However, the private landowner reserves the right to hay, graze, burn and manage the land with only minimal intervention from the Service.
Tannhausen
Tannhausen is a municipality in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, in Ostalbkreis district.

Tannhausen is located approximately 20 km (12 mi) east of Ellwangen at the edge of the Nördlinger Ries in Swabian Württemberg close to the border of the Franconian part of Bavaria, where the administrative region of Swabian Bavaria meets Central Franconia.

Middle Franconia
Middle Franconia (German: Mittelfranken, pronounced [ˈmɪtl̩ˌfʁaŋkŋ̍] ⓘ) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia, Germany, in the west of Bavaria bordering the state of Baden-Württemberg. The administrative seat is Ansbach; the most populous and largest city is Nuremberg.
Terry Ramsaye
Terry Ramsaye (November 2, 1885, Tonganoxie, Kansas – August 19, 1954, Norwalk, Connecticut) was a journalist, film producer and film historian, the author of A Million and One Nights: A History of the Motion Picture [Through 1925] (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1926).

Norwalk, Connecticut
Norwalk is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The city, part of the New York Metropolitan Area, is the sixth-most populous city in Connecticut as of the 2020 census, with a population of 91,184.

Norwalk is on the northern shore of Long Island Sound and was first settled in 1649.
Fairfield Mirror
The Fairfield Mirror (or The Mirror) is the student newspaper of Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut. It is a student-run publication that publishes weekly on Wednesdays during the academic year with additional issues during commencement and orientation. The Mirror staff has won numerous Excellence in Journalism Awards from the Connecticut Society of Professional Journalists.

Fairfield, Connecticut
Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It borders the city of Bridgeport and towns of Trumbull, Easton, Weston, and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut. As of 2020, the town had a population of 61,512. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region. Fairfield is a hub of higher education, enrolling more than 17,000 students between Sacred Heart University and Fairfield University.
Herschel (lunar crater)
Herschel is a lunar impact crater located just to the north of the walled plain Ptolemaeus. Its diameter is 39 km. It was named after German-born British astronomer William Herschel.

Just to the north is the flooded crater Spörer, and around 30 km due east lies the disintegrated crater Gyldén. About a crater diameter to the northwest (35 km) is the walled plain Flammarion, along the southern edge of the Sinus Medii.

The rim of this crater is generally circular, although the western side is straight. It has a well-defined edge that is not significantly worn, and the inner walls are terraced. On the rough inner floor is a notable central rise. This peak is offset slightly to the west of the crater midpoint. The small crater Herschel G is attached to the south-southwest rim, and a tiny craterlet lies across the southern rim.

Herschel is a crater of Eratosthenian age.

Sinus Medii
Sinus Medii /ˈsaɪnəs ˈmiːdiaɪ/ (Latin sinus mediī "Middle Bay") is a small lunar mare. It takes its name from its location at the intersection of the Moon's equator and prime meridian; as seen from the Earth, this feature is located in the central part of the Moon's near side, and it is the point closest to the Earth. From this spot, the Earth would always appear directly overhead, although the planet's position would vary slightly due to libration.

During the Apollo program, Sinus Medii was designated Apollo Landing Site 3 (ALS3). Flight operations planners were concerned about having the optimum lighting conditions at the landing site. Hence, alternative landing sites moved progressively westward, following the terminator. A delay of two days for weather or equipment reasons would have sent Apollo 11 to Sinus Medii instead of ALS2, Mare Tranquillitatis (where it actually landed); another two-day delay would have resulted in ALS5, a site in Oceanus Procellarum, being targeted.
Theodor Rumpel (surgeon)
Theodor Rumpel (25 March 1862, Gütersloh – 11 August 1923, Hamburg) was a German surgeon remembered for describing the Rumpel-Leede sign.

He received his doctorate in 1887 in Marburg and worked at the Hamburg-Eppendorf Hospital. He oversaw the building of the Barmbecker Krankenhaus in Hamburg, of which he became director in 1913. Among his better known assistants at Hamburg was bacteriologist Georg Jochmann.

With internist Alfred Kast, he was co-author of a patho-anatomical atlas titled: Pathologisch-anatomische Tafeln nach frischen Präparaten mit erläuterndem anatomisch-klinischem Text.

Bacteriologist
A bacteriologist is a microbiologist, or similarly trained professional, in bacteriology— a subdivision of microbiology that studies bacteria, typically pathogenic ones. Bacteriologists are interested in studying and learning about bacteria, as well as using their skills in clinical settings. This includes investigating properties of bacteria such as morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry, phylogenetics, genomics and many other areas related to bacteria like disease diagnostic testing. Alongside human and animal healthcare providers, they may carry out various functions as medical scientists, veterinary scientists, pathologists, or diagnostic technicians in locations like clinics, blood banks, hospitals, laboratories and animal hospitals. Bacteriologists working in public health or biomedical research help develop vaccines for public use as well as public health guidelines for restaurants and businesses.
Municipal Association of Landstuhl
The Municipal Association of Landstuhl (German: Verbandsgemeinde Landstuhl) is a municipal association (German: verbandsgemeinde) in the district of Kaiserslautern, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the municipal association is the Sickingen Town of Landstuhl.

It contains the following 12 Palatinate municipalities: Bann, Hauptstuhl, Kindsbach, Krickenbach, Landstuhl, Linden, Mittelbrunn, Oberarnbach, Queidersbach, Schopp, Stelzenberg, and Trippstadt

Municipal association (Germany)
Municipal associations (German: Verwaltungsgemeinschaften, pronounced [fɛɐ̯ˈvaltʊŋsɡəˌmaɪ̯nʃaftn̩] ⓘ, lit. 'administrative communities') are statutory corporations or public bodies created by statute in the German federal states of Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia, and Schleswig-Holstein. In Baden-Württemberg the term stipulated municipal association (German: vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) is used.
Richard W. Gilsdorf
Richard Gilsdorf (24 January 1930 – 4 May 2005) was a Catholic priest who played a role in doctrinal battles that followed the Second Vatican Council. He opposed renowned Scripture scholar Raymond E. Brown and wrote a number of articles for conservative Catholic publications on the issues of the day.

Early in his priesthood, many considered him a progressive, especially because of his excitement over the work of Vatican II and its efforts to further Christian unity. As time progressed, however, his perspective changed as a result of what he saw as misuse and distortions of conciliar teachings and as he became disenchanted with leading theologians and academics such as Brown, Oscar Cullmann, and Karl Rahner.

Karl Rahner
Karl Rahner SJ (German: [ˈʁaːnɐ]; 5 March 1904 – 30 March 1984) was a German Jesuit priest and theologian who, alongside Henri de Lubac, Hans Urs von Balthasar, and Yves Congar, is considered to be one of the most influential Catholic theologians of the 20th-century. He was the brother of Hugo Rahner, also a Jesuit scholar.

Before the Second Vatican Council, Rahner worked alongside Yves Congar, Henri de Lubac, and Marie-Dominique Chenu, theologians associated with the emerging school of theological thought known as Nouvelle théologie. The Council was influenced by Rahner's theology and his understanding of Catholic faith.
Primanti Bros.
Primanti Bros. (/prɪˈmænti/, locally /pər-/), sometimes called Primanti's for short, is a chain of sandwich shops in the eastern United States. Since its Pittsburgh founding in 1933, Primanti's has become a cultural icon of the region. The chain is known for its signature sandwiches made of grilled meat, melted cheese, an oil and vinegar-based coleslaw, tomato slices, and French fries between two thick slices of Italian bread.

During the 2007 James Beard Foundation Awards, Primanti's was named as one of "America's Classic" restaurants.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Protea laurifolia
Protea laurifolia, also known as the grey-leaf sugarbush, is a shrub from South Africa. It is native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

Another vernacular name for this species is laurel sugarbush. In Afrikaans this species is known by the common names of louriersuikerbos, lourier-suikerbos, suikerbos and suikerkan.

Protea laurifolia was first described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1806.

Carl Peter Thunberg
Carl Peter Thunberg, also known as Karl Peter von Thunberg, Carl Pehr Thunberg, or Carl Per Thunberg (11 November 1743 – 8 August 1828), was a Swedish naturalist and an "apostle" of Carl Linnaeus. After studying under Linnaeus at Uppsala University, he spent seven years travelling in southern Africa and Asia, collecting and describing many plants and animals new to European science, and observing local cultures. He has been called "the father of South African botany", "pioneer of Occidental Medicine in Japan", and the "Japanese Linnaeus".
Charles Charlwood
Charles Robert Charlwood (22 November 1842 – 16 May 1880) was an English cricketer.  Charlwood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Horsham, Sussex.

Charlwood made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Royal Brunswick Ground, Hove in 1866.  He made two further first-class appearances for Sussex, both in 1869 against Lancashire at Old Trafford, and Kent at the Higher Common Ground, Tunbridge Wells.  In his three first-class matches, he scored a total of 40 runs at an average of 8.00, with a high score of 15.

He died at the town of his birth on 16 May 1880.  His brother, Henry, played in England's first ever Test match against Australia in 1877.

Horsham
Horsham (/ˈhɔːrʃəm/) is a market town on the upper reaches of the River Arun on the fringe of the Weald, in West Sussex, England. The town lies 31 miles (50 km) south-south-west of London, 18.5 miles (30 km) north-west of Brighton and 26 miles (42 km) north-east of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Crawley to the north-east and Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill to the south-east. It is the administrative centre of the Horsham district.
Rideau Street McDonald's
The Rideau Street McDonald's, unofficially known as the World's Worst McDonald's, was a McDonald's restaurant located at 99 Rideau Street in the ByWard Market area of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It operated from 1985 to 2023 and was notorious for its daily crime and incidents.

Rideau Centre
The Rideau Centre (French: Centre Rideau) (corporately styled as CF Rideau Centre) is a three-level shopping centre on Rideau Street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It borders on Rideau Street, the ByWard Market, the Rideau Canal, the Mackenzie King Bridge, and Nicholas Street in Downtown Ottawa. Over 20 million people visit the mall annually. It is the largest shopping mall in the National Capital Region and the sixth largest mall, by area, in Canada. The Rideau Centre complex has approximately 180 retailers and is connected to a rooftop park, a Westin Hotel, the Rogers Centre, the Freiman Mall and the Major-General George R. Pearkes Building.
Uzbek invasion of Khorasan (1578)
The Uzbek invasion of Khorasan (Persian: حمله ازبک‌ها به خراسان) took place in 1578. Jalal khan Uzbek (governor of Merv) led the Uzbek troops. Tahmasp I guaranteed to pay 300 Tomans to the Uzbeks to convince them not to invade the bondmen and nomads of Khorasan. The tribute was not paid after Tahmasp I's death however, and Jalal khan Uzbek raided Khorasan. The battles of Jalal khan Uzbek and Mortaza Gholi Khan Parnak Turkaman were quite harsh. Jalal khan Uzbek's head was cut off and the Uzbeks pulled back to their territory.

Iranian toman
The Iranian toman (Persian: تومان, romanized: tūmân, pronounced [tuː.mɒːn]; from Turco-Mongolian tümen "unit of ten thousand", see the unit called tumen) is a superunit of the official currency of Iran, the rial. One toman is equivalent to 10 (old), or 10,000 (new, official) rials.

Originally, the toman consisted of 10,000 dinars. Between 1798 and 1825, the toman was also subdivided into eight rials, each of 1,250 dinars. In 1825, the qiran was introduced, worth 1,000 dinars or one-tenth of a toman. In 1932, the rial replaced the qiran at par, with one toman being equal to 10 rial. Colloquially, the toman is more used than the rial.
Joe Davis (footballer, born 1993)
Joseph Steven Davis (born 10 November 1993) is an English semi-professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Midland League Premier Division club Northwich Victoria.

Davis is son of professional manager Steve Davis and brother of Harry Davis. He came through the Port Vale Academy and played a minor role as the club secured promotion out of League Two in the 2012–13 season. He left Port Vale to join Leicester City in June 2014. He was loaned out to Fleetwood Town in October 2015 before joining the club permanently three months later. He re-signed with Port Vale in June 2017 and was loaned to York City in November 2018. He left Port Vale for Nantwich Town in March 2019 before retiring in June 2020 to pursue a career in the media. After five years away from the game, he signed with Northwich Victoria in June 2025.

Cheshire Senior Cup
The Cheshire County Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the Cheshire Senior Cup, is a football knockout tournament founded in the 1879–80 season and involves teams from Cheshire, Greater Manchester and Merseyside, England. It is the County Cup competition of the Cheshire FA and currently involves teams from the Football League and non-league clubs. However, while non-league clubs often field their first team in the competition, professional clubs often field their reserve teams. The inaugural winners of the cup were Northwich Victoria in 1880 and the record winners of the trophy are Macclesfield Town.
2002 California lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 2002 California lieutenant gubernatorial election occurred on November 5, 2002. The primary elections took place on March 5, 2002. The Democratic incumbent, Cruz Bustamante, defeated the Republican nominee, State Senator Bruce McPherson.

California Democratic Party
The California Democratic Party, also known as the Democratic Party of California, is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in Sacramento, California.

With 45.27% of the state's registered voters as of February 2025, the Democratic Party has the highest number of registrants of any political party in California. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the largest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party currently controls the majority of California's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Listed buildings in Hooton Roberts
Hooton Roberts is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. The parish contains nine listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Hooton Roberts and the surrounding countryside. The listed buildings consist of a church, farmhouses and farm buildings, a public house and an associated former coach house, a rectory, and a milepost.

Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham
The Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham is a metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. It is named after its main settlement of Rotherham. The wider borough spans a larger area and covers the outlying towns of Maltby, Swinton, Wath-upon-Dearne, Dinnington. As well as the villages of Rawmarsh and Laughton. A large valley spans the entire borough and is referred to as the "Rother Valley".

The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the County Borough of Rotherham, with Maltby, Rawmarsh, Swinton and Wath-upon-Dearne urban districts along with Rotherham Rural District and Kiveton Park Rural District.

Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council is one of the safest Labour councils in the United Kingdom, although the number of Labour council seats dropped from 92% to 79% in 2014 following the Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal.
Stadion Broodstraat
Stadion Broodstraat was an Association football or soccer venue located in Antwerp, Belgium. The venue hosted the Royal Antwerp FC from 1908 to 1923. It served as the main venue for the football tournament at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Royal Antwerp F.C.
Royal Antwerp Football Club (commonly referred to as Royal Antwerp or simply Antwerp) is a Belgian professional football club based in the city of Antwerp. They compete in the Belgian Pro League, the top flight of Belgian football. Founded in 1880, Royal Antwerp is considered to be the oldest football club in Belgium.

The team has won the Belgian league title five times and the Belgian Cup four times, including a domestic double in 2022–23. In European competitions, it reached the final of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1992–93 and qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage for the first time in 2023.

The club's home colours are red and white and, since 1923, they have played their home games at Bosuilstadion in the Deurne district of Antwerp.
Astrophile (TV series)
Astrophile (Thai: คืนนับดาว lit. 'Night Counting Star'), starring Davika Hoorne (Mai), Vachirawit Chivaaree (Bright) and Jumpol Adulkittiporn (Off), is a light hearted romantic Thai series about a simple girl who reunites with a junior from her university after a long time; initially, she fails to recognise him. Based on an original plot by pseudonymous writer "Duangmaan", selected through a competition, the series is produced by GMMTV and directed by Koo Ekkasit Trakulkasemsuk. On 1 December 2021, it was announced by GMMTV during the "BORDERLESS" event. The series officially premiered on 1 June 2022 on GMM 25.

GMM25
GMM25 is a Thai digital terrestrial television channel. It is owned by GMM Grammy (via GMM Holding) and operated by The One Enterprise. The network offers drama, music, news and entertainment targeting teenagers.

It airs programs produced by GMMTV including teen, and Yaoi and Yuri (also known as "Boys' Love" and "Girls' Love", or simply "BL" and "GL") drama series daily evenings at 20:30 (8:30 pm), and weekend TV shows (mid-morning and late-night).

GMM25 was launched on 25 May 2014 after GMM Grammy was awarded with a digital TV license from the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Committee in December 2013.

The network partnered with Viu and Line TV in providing re-runs.

The CEO is Takonkiet Viravan, who is also the managing director of The One Enterprise and ONE31.