hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portrait of the Earl of Carlisle
Portrait of the Earl of Carlisle is a 1769 portrait painting by the English artist Joshua Reynolds. It depicts the British aristocrat Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle. Produced when the Earl was in his early twenties, it is a swagger portrait featured him dressed in the ceremonial robes of the Order of the Thistle. Carlisle had inherited the title as a boy in 1758, and later entered politics. He would go on to head the Carlisle Commission, an attempt to end the American War of Independence which was undermined by the entry of France into the conflict. Subsequently he was appointed as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He became a friend of Reynolds, the President of the Royal Academy.

The painting has been at Carlisle's family residence Castle Howard in Yorkshire for centuries. In 2016 it was accepted in lieu of inheritance tax by the British government. It was formally allocated to the Tate Britain, but would remain on display at Castle Howard.

Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in England, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Founded by Sir Henry Tate, it houses a substantial collection of the art of the United Kingdom since Tudor times, and in particular has large holdings of the works of J. M. W. Turner, who bequeathed all his own collection to the nation. It is one of the largest museums in the country. In 2021, it ranked 50th on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.
1994 Bausch & Lomb Championships – Doubles
Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière and Leila Meskhi were the defending champions. Maleeva-Fragnière retired from tennis earlier that year, but only Meskhi competed that year with Eugenia Maniokova.

Maniokova and Meskhi lost in the quarterfinals to Larisa Neiland and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario.

Neiland and Sánchez Vicario won in the final 6–2, 6–7, 6–4 against Amanda Coetzer and Inés Gorrochategui.

Eugenia Maniokova
Eugenia Aleksandrovna Maniokova (Russian: Евгения Александровна Манюкова, IPA: [jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪjə mənʲʊˈkovə] ⓘ; born 17 May 1968) is a retired professional tennis player from Russia. She is a former world No. 18 in doubles.
Uckange
Uckange (French pronunciation: [ykɑ̃ʒ]; German: Ückingen; Lorraine Franconian: Ickéng/Ickéngen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The inhabitants are called Uckangeois.

Moselle (department)
Moselle (French pronunciation: [mɔzɛl] ⓘ) is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the northeast of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department. It had a population of 1,046,543 in 2019. Inhabitants of the department are known as Mosellans.
Campbell snipe
The Campbell snipe (Coenocorypha aucklandica perseverance), also known as the Campbell Island snipe, is a rare subspecies of the Subantarctic snipe, endemic to Campbell Island, a subantarctic island south of New Zealand in the Southern Ocean.  It was not formally described until January 2010.  The subspecific name alludes to the name of the sealing brig Perseverance, captained by Frederick Hasselborough, that discovered Campbell Island in 1810, and which probably inadvertently introduced rats to the island when it was wrecked there in 1828.

Subantarctic
The sub-Antarctic zone is a physiographic region in the Southern Hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46° and 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence. Subantarctic glaciers are, by definition, located on islands within the subantarctic region. All glaciers located on the continent of Antarctica are by definition considered to be Antarctic glaciers.
African immigration to the United States
African immigration to the United States refers to immigrants to the United States who are or were nationals of modern African countries. The term African in the scope of this article refers to geographical or national origins rather than racial affiliation. From the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 to 2017, the African-born population in the United States grew to 2.1 million people.

Africans in the United States come from almost all regions in Africa and do not constitute a homogeneous group. They include peoples from different national, linguistic, ethnic, racial, cultural and social backgrounds. U.S. and foreign born Africans are different and distinct from native-born African Americans, many of whose ancestors were involuntarily brought from West Africa to the colonial United States by means of the historic Atlantic slave trade. African immigration is now driving the growth of the Black population in New York City.

Kwame Anthony Appiah
Kwame Akroma-Ampim Kusi Anthony Appiah FRSL (/ˈæpiɑː/ AP-ee-ah; born 8 May 1954) is an English-American philosopher and writer who has written about political philosophy, ethics, the philosophy of language and mind, and African intellectual history. Appiah is Professor of Philosophy and Law at New York University, where he joined the faculty in 2014, and has been a Silver Professor since 2025. He was previously the Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University. Appiah was elected President of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in January 2022.
Gerstley, California
Gerstley is a former settlement in Inyo County, California.

It was located on the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad, 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Shoshone.

Gerstley was founded around 1921, and named in honor of James Gerstley, Sr. (1867-1955) by his business associate Francis Marion Smith who built the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad.  Together with Richard C. Baker, the three men had formed Borax Consolidated, Ltd. in 1899.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
Toni Livers
Toni Livers (born 2 June 1983 in Trun) is a Swiss former cross-country skier. Livers began competing in 2000 and competed in the World Cup from 2003 to 2020. His best individual finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was ninth in the 15 km + 15 km double pursuit at Sapporo in 2007.

Livers' best finish at the Winter Olympics was tenth in the 4 x 10 km relay at Vancouver in 2010.

His only World Cup victory occurred in the 15 km event in Davos, Switzerland, on 3 February 2007. He finished third at the 9 km Final Climb event at the 2014–15 Tour de Ski. Livers also has seven individual victories in lesser events from 2002 to 2005. He retired after the 2019–20 season.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships is a biennial Nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The World Championships was started in 1924 for men and opened for women's participation in 1954. World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). The Winter Olympics from 1924 to 1980 were also the Nordic World Ski Championships. This meant that the Olympic champions were also World champions and received an additional medal from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.
Cumbal Volcano
Cumbal is a stratovolcano of the Caribe Terrane, located at the Nudo de los Pastos in Nariño, Colombia. It is the southernmost historically active volcano of Colombia and is together with Chiles and Azufral one of the few volcanoes of the Western Ranges. The volcano is dominated by andesites.

On July 10, 2012, the Colombian Geological Service changed the activity level of the volcano from green to yellow, motivated by changes in the behavior of the volcanic edifice, a situation that still persists.

At its feet is the Cumbal lagoon.

Andesite
Andesite (/ˈændəzaɪt/) is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich rhyolite. It is fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic in texture, and is composed predominantly of sodium-rich plagioclase plus pyroxene or hornblende.

Andesite is the extrusive equivalent of plutonic diorite. Characteristic of subduction zones, andesite represents the dominant rock type in island arcs. The average composition of the continental crust is andesitic.  Along with basalts, andesites are a component of the Martian crust.

The name andesite is derived from the Andes mountain range, where this rock type is found in abundance. It was first applied by Christian Leopold von Buch in 1826.
Caroline Conroy
Caroline Conroy is an Irish Green Party politician who served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from June 2022 to June 2023.

Conroy grew up in the Ballymun Flats, and ran for local election in the area in 2014. She was first elected in the 2019 local elections, for the Ballymun-Finglas local electoral area in Dublin City Council. In June 2022, she was elected as Lord Mayor of Dublin, succeeding Alison Gilliland.

In her term she was highly critical of anti-immigrant protests in Ballymun and across Dublin, which she said were organised by the far-right, branding the protests "really embarrassing" and "not what we are about in Ballymun."

She awarded Greta Thunberg and Duncan Stewart the Freedom of the City of Dublin at the end of her term, the first time the award acknowledged the role of environmental activists.

She lost her seat at the 2024 local elections.

Freedom of the City of Dublin
The Freedom of the City of Dublin is awarded by Dublin City Council after approving a person nominated by the Lord Mayor. Eighty-two people have been honoured under the current process introduced in 1876. Most honourees have made a contribution to the life of the city or of Ireland in general, including politicians, public servants, humanitarians, artists and entertainers; others were distinguished members of the Irish diaspora and foreign leaders, honoured visiting Dublin. Honourees sign the roll of freedmen in a ceremony at City Hall or the Mansion House and are presented with an illuminated scroll by the Lord Mayor.
Nordleda
Nordleda is a municipality in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Nordleda belonged to the Land of Hadeln, first an exclave of the younger Duchy of Saxony and after its de facto dynastic partition in 1296 of the Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, established de jure in 1260. In 1728 Emperor Charles VI enfeoffed the George II Augustus and his House of Hanover in personal union with the reverted fief of Saxe-Lauenburg. By a redeployment of Hanoverian territories in 1731 the Hanoverian Duchies of Bremen and Verden were conveyed the administration of the neighboured Land of Hadeln. The Kingdom of Hanover incorporated the Land of Hadeln in a real union and its territory, including Nordleda, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

Real union
Real union is a union of two or more states, which share some state institutions in contrast to personal unions; however, they are not as unified as states in a political union. It is a development from personal union and has historically been limited to monarchies.

Unlike personal unions, real unions almost exclusively led to a reduction of sovereignty for the politically weaker constituent. That was the case with Lithuania and Norway, which came under the influence of stronger neighbors, Poland and Denmark respectively, with which each of them had shared a personal union previously.

Sometimes, however, a real union came about after a period of political union. The most notable example of such a move is the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen), which achieved equal status to Austria (which exercised control over the "Cisleithanian" crown lands) in Austria-Hungary following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867.
BYOB (web series)
BYOB, formerly titled as XYOB, is a South Korean variety show hosted by American singers and entertainers Brian Joo and Joon Park. Created and producted by Round Studio and Samyang Roundsquare, it is hosted on Samyang's YouTube channel JohnMaat and is billed as a global food talk show that interviews Korean idols in both English and Korean.

Samyang Foods
Samyang Roundsquare Co., Ltd. (Korean: 삼양라운드스퀘어) is an international South Korean food manufacturer and the first instant ramen company in South Korea. Samyang was founded on September 15, 1961, by Jeon Jung Yoon. In 1963, Samyang debuted the first Korean instant noodle.
Give a Boy a Gun
Give a Boy a Gun is an epistolary novel for young adults by Todd Strasser, first published in 2000. The novel describes the events and social circumstances that lead up to, and form the aftermath of, a fictional school shooting. The story is presented in the form of segments of transcribed post-incident interviews with students, parents, teachers, and community members, compiled by Denise Shipley, a journalism student who is the stepsister of one of the shooters. The interviews provide a variety of viewpoints on the incident – some sympathetic, others hostile. Interspersed through the book are footnotes providing statistical information about guns and gun violence.

The plot has some similarities to the real-life Columbine High School massacre of April 20, 1999, although Strasser began research on the book before the Columbine shooting. The book was the first book relating to school shootings published after Columbine.

Todd Strasser
Children's literature portal

Todd Strasser (born May 5, 1950) is an American writer of more than 140 young-adult and middle grade novels and many short stories and works of non-fiction, some written under the pen names Morton Rhue and T.S. Rue.
Yong Jae-hyun
Yong Jae-hyun  (Korean: 용재현; born 19 July 1988) is a South Korean footballer who plays for FC Anyang in the K League Challenge. He is a versatile player, capable of playing at left back, right back, or defensive midfield. In 2015, he changed his name from Yong Hyun-jin (용현진) to Yong Jae-hyun.

FC Anyang
FC Anyang (Korean: FC 안양) is a South Korean professional football club based in Anyang that competes in the K League 1, the top tier of South Korean football.

The club play their home games at Anyang Sports Complex.
Australia women's cricket team in New Zealand in 2007–08
The Australia women's national cricket team toured New Zealand in March 2008. They first played against New Zealand in one Twenty20 International, which they lost by 4 wickets. The two sides then played in five One Day Internationals, which were competed for the Rose Bowl. Australia won the series 3–2.

Rose Bowl series
The Rose Bowl series is a series of Women's One Day International cricket matches between Australia and New Zealand that has been running since February 1985. It was originally known as the Shell Rose Bowl; the name was changed to the Rose Bowl Series in 2001.

Until 2000, the tournament took place annually, with matches alternating between the two countries. However, since then the format has changed regularly. The most recent series, held in Australia, took place in late 2020 in Brisbane.

Australia has dominated the tournament, winning 22 series to New Zealand's three, and New Zealand have only won 4 of 36 matches in the 21st century. New Zealand's last series victory came in the 1998-99 cricket season, when they defeated Australia over three matches in Palmerston North in New Zealand. Their only series victory in Australia was achieved in 1987, when they won two of the three matches in Perth.
Leptomyrina lara
Leptomyrina lara, the Cape black-eye, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in South Africa, in fynbos, Nama Karoo and Succulent Karoo throughout the Western Cape to the Eastern Cape, the eastern parts of Free State, the mountains of Lesotho and Northern Cape.

The wingspan is 20–29 mm for males and 23–31 mm for females. Adults are on wing from August to April. There are several generations per year in summer and spring.

The larvae feed on Kalanchoe lugardii, Crassula and Cotyledon plant species (including C. orbiculata).

Nama Karoo
Nama Karoo is a xeric shrubland ecoregion located on the central plateau of South Africa and Namibia. It occupies most of the interior of the western half of South Africa and extends into the southern interior of Namibia.
The Man Without a Country (album)
The Man Without a Country is a studio album of phonograph records by Bing Crosby of the famous 1863 Edward Everett Hale short story released September 15, 1947.  The story had been adapted as a poetic narrative by Jean Holloway. The album was produced and directed by Paramount Pictures producer Robert Welch with musical accompaniment from Victor Young and His Orchestra.

Victor Young
Albert Victor Young (August 8, 1899– November 10, 1956)  was an American composer, arranger, violinist and conductor. Young was posthumously awarded the Academy Award for Best Music Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture for Around the World in 80 Days at the 29th Academy Awards in 1957.
Andrés Bucci
Andrés Bucci is a Chilean electronic music producer and DJ. He is known for his solo work as well as for his role as a member of Plan V. He is one of three Bucci brothers (Juan Pablo, Pier and Andrés), all DJs and electronic music producers.

Andrés Bucci began his career in 1996 while living in Germany, and the influence of the Berlin scene is noticeable in his work. He is a member of the group Plan V where he works with Gustavo Cerati (Soda Stereo), Christian Powditch and Guillermo Ugarte,  has also worked with Kate Simko in project called "Detalles"., and with his brother Pier Bucci in a duo called Bucci.

NS Mat '64
The NS Mat '64 or Materieel '64 are electric multiple units (EMU) built by Werkspoor and later by Duewag and Waggonfabrik Talbot between 1961 and 1976. They were operated in the Netherlands by the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) until 2016, and temporarily returned to service in 2025. The equipment consists of independent four and two-car train sets called Plan T and Plan V: the Plan T is a 4-car EMU, and the Plan V is a 2-car EMU. Materieel '64 is sometimes nicknamed 'Apekoppen' (literal translation: 'monkey heads') and 'Standaard Stoptrein' ('Standard stopping train') due to their distinct shape.

Plan V was the largest series of Nederlandse Spoorwegen rolling stock for many years, with 246 units (although only 245 were present at the same time) already built until it was supplanted by NS VIRM. A number of train sets were also leased to and used by various regional carriers. Materieel '64 served for 55 years, from 1961 to 2016, on the Dutch railway network.
Bōken Ō
Bōken Ō (冒険王, "Adventure King") was a monthly magazine for youth published by Akita Shoten between 1949 and 1983. It was among the first generation of children's comic magazines after World War II in Japan and was initially focused on publishing illustrated prose and emonogatari and then shifted to manga.

Ikki Kajiwara
Asaki Takamori (高森 朝樹, Takamori Asaki; September 4, 1936 – January 21, 1987), known by the pen names Ikki Kajiwara (梶原 一騎, Kajiwara Ikki) and Asao Takamori (高森 朝雄, Takamori Asao), was a Japanese author, manga writer, and film producer. He is known for the work about sports and martial arts, with images of heroic young men with the occasional fine details as he moves from one topic to another. He considered Tiger Mask and Star of the Giants to be his life's work.
1912 Haskell Indians football team
The 1912 Haskell Indians football team was an American football team that represented the Haskell Indian Institute (now known as Haskell Indian Nations University) as an independent during the 1912 college football season. In its second season under head coach A. R. Kennedy, Haskell compiled a 7–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 209 to 94. The team lost close games to Kansas State, Texas, and undefeated Christian Brothers.

Leo Roque was the team's best all-around player and won a place on the All-Kansas football team for 1912. Bill Mzhicteno was named to the All-Kansas second team. The team captain Williams and John Artichoker were named to the third team.

1912 college football season
The 1912 college football season was the first season of the modern era of college football, as the NCAA implemented changes to increase scoring:

Teams were given 4 downs instead of 3 downs to gain ten yards

The value of a touchdown was increased from 5 points to 6 points

The length of the playing field was reduced from 110 yards to 100 yards, and end zones of ten yards were added

Kickoff was made from the 40 yard line rather than at midfield.

At the end of the season, Harvard was named the year's champion by The New York Times.
Peter Egardt
Peter Arvid Nils Egardt (born 1949) is a Swedish executive who served as Secretary of State for the Prime Minister from 1991 to 1994, and County Governor (landshövding) of Uppsala County from 2010 to September, 2016. Before being appointed County Governor, he was CEO of the Stockholm Chamber of commerce (Handelskammaren i Stockholm).

Egardt succeeded Anders Björck as County Governor in 2010. Originally appointed to serve until 31 August 2014, on 27 February 2014 his appointment was extended to 31 August 2016, when he was succeeded by Göran Enander.

State secretary (Sweden)
State secretary (Swedish: statssekreterare) is the title of the senior political appointee, second in rank to the cabinet minister (Swedish: Statsråd) in charge of the ministry. Unlike ministers, state secretaries are not members of the government.

Each cabinet minister is appointed a state secretary to help with administrative duties. Some cabinet ministers of higher rank, like the prime minister and the minister for finance, have more than one state secretary. If a minister dies or resigns, or if a government changes, the state secretary also turns in their resignation.

For historical reasons, the state secretary in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs has another title (Swedish: kabinettssekreterare, in English literally "cabinet secretary"). State secretaries tend to, more often than ministers, hail from a fixed civil servant background or a professional background relevant to the area of responsibility of their ministry.