hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pars plana
The pars plana (also known as orbicularis ciliaris ) (Latin: flat portion) is part of the ciliary body in the uvea (or vascular tunic, the middle layer of the three layers that comprise the eye).

It is about 4 mm long, located near the junction of the iris and sclera, and is scalloped in appearance.

The pars plana may not have a function in the post-fetal period, making this a good site of entry for ophthalmic surgery of the posterior segment of eyeball; this surgery is known as pars plana vitrectomy.

Vitrectomy
Vitrectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of the vitreous humor from the eye.

Anterior vitrectomy entails removing small portions of the vitreous humor from the front structures of the eye—often because these are tangled in an intraocular lens or other structures.

Pars plana vitrectomy is a general term for a group of operations accomplished in the deeper part of the eye, all of which involve removing some or all of the vitreous humor—the eye's clear internal jelly.

Even before the modern era, some surgeons performed crude vitrectomies. For instance, Dutch surgeon Anton Nuck (1650–1692) claimed to have removed vitreous by suction in a young man with an inflamed eye. In Boston, John Collins Warren (1778–1856) performed a crude limited vitrectomy for angle closure glaucoma.
Bersani (surname)
Bersani is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gianfranco Bersani (1919–1965), Italian basketball player

Giovanni Bersani (1914–2014), Italian politician

Giuseppina Bersani (1949–2023), Italian fencer

Leo Bersani (1931–2022), American literary theorist and Professor Emeritus

Leonard F. Bersani (1932–2000), American politician

Leopoldo Bersani (1848–1903), Italian painter and sculptor

Pier Luigi Bersani (born 1951), Italian politician

Samuele Bersani (born 1970), Italian singer-songwriter

Leo Bersani
Leo Bersani (April 16, 1931 – February 20, 2022) was an American academic, known for his contributions to French literary criticism and queer theory. He was known for his 1987 essay "Is the Rectum a Grave?" and his 1995 book Homos.

Bersani was born in the Bronx, New York City. He studied at Harvard University, graduating in 1952 with a bachelor’s in Romance languages, and with a Ph.D. in comparative literature in 1958. He taught at Wellesley College and Rutgers University before joining University of California, Berkeley in 1972, where he'd remain for the rest of his career, assuming emeritus status in 1996. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1992. He married his partner, Sam Geraci, in 2014, and died at a care facility under the care of Hospice in Peoria, Arizona, on February 20, 2022 at the age of 90 with Geraci at his side.
Ptichnik
Ptichnik (Russian: Птичник) is a rural locality (a selo) in Birobidzhansky District, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. Population:  3,194 (2010 census); 2,969 (2002 census);  There are 34 streets in this selo.

Birobidzhansky District
Birobidzhansky District  (Russian: Биробиджа́нский райо́н, Yiddish: ביראָבידזשאַן סקי דיסטריקט) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the five in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous oblast. The area of the district is 4,442.56 square kilometers (1,715.28 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 11,907 (2010 Census);  13,018 (2002 census); 15,437 (1989 Soviet census).
John Wirth (television producer)
John Wirth is a television showrunner, producer, and writer. From 2012 to mid-2016, he was the showrunner and executive producer for the American Western series Hell on Wheels. He is also credited as a co-creator, executive producer and writer for the Netflix series, Wu Assassins (2019). Since Season 2, he's been showrunner on the AMC series Dark Winds, developed by Graham Roland.

His previous producer and writer credits include such series as The Cape (2011), the V remake (2009–2011), Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles (2008–2009), Love Monkey (2006), Ghost Whisperer (2005–2010), The District (2001-2003), Nash Bridges (1996–2001), and Remington Steele (1982–1987).

The District
The District is an American crime drama and police procedural television series that aired on CBS from October 7, 2000, to May 1, 2004. The show followed the work and personal life of the chief of Washington, D.C.'s police department.
ArcticRail
ArcticRail Oy is a private Finnish freight railway operator founded in 2023. The company has acquired two used class Dr16 diesel locomotives from the state-owned VR Group, as well as a class Dr35 shunting locomotive and some goods wagons. In September 2025, it started operating lumber trains into UPM's factory in Kymi.

UPM (company)
UPM-Kymmene Oyj is a Finnish forest industry company. UPM-Kymmene was formed by the merger of Kymmene Corporation with Repola Oy and its subsidiary United Paper Mills Ltd in 1996. UPM consists of six business areas: UPM Fibres, UPM Energy, UPM Raflatac, UPM Specialty Papers, UPM Communication Papers and UPM Plywood. The Group employs around 17,000 people and it has production plants in 11 countries. UPM shares are listed on the NASDAQ OMX Helsinki stock exchange. UPM is the only paper company listed in the global Dow Jones Sustainability Index and also a member of the United Nations Global Compact organization.

UPM is the owner and maintainer of the Verla mill, which has been a museum since 1972 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996.
Maikop kurgan
The Maikop kurgan (Russian: Майкопский курган), excavated by Nikolay Veselovsky in 1897 near Maikop, Southern Russia, is the eponym of the Early Bronze Age Maikop culture of the Northern Caucasus.

The kurgan had a height of about 10 m and a circumference of about 200 m. It revealed the burial of a supposed priest-king with rich grave goods, including golden and silver bull figurines, as well as two burials of women. The finds are conserved in the Hermitage Museum.

According to David W. Anthony, the author of the book The Horse, the Wheel, and Language, the Maikop burial was contemporary with the first cities of Middle and Late Uruk period Mesopotamia, 3700–3100 BCE.

Maykop
Maykop (/meɪˈkɒp, maɪ-/) is the capital city of Adygea, Russia, located on the right bank of the Belaya River. It borders Maykopsky District, from which it is administratively and municipally independent, to the east and south; Giaginsky District to the north, and Belorechensky District of Krasnodar Krai to the west.

Population: 143,385 (2021 census); 144,249 (2010 census); 156,931 (2002 census); 148,608 (1989 Soviet census).
Coates Golf Championship
The Coates Golf Championship was a women's professional golf tournament on the LPGA Tour. It debuted as the first event in 2015 and was played at Golden Ocala Golf Club, west of Ocala, Florida.  The event was not included for the 2017 season.

Choi Na-yeon won the inaugural tournament by one stroke over Jang Ha-na, Lydia Ko, and Jessica Korda. With the runner-up finish, Ko moved to number one in the Women's World Golf Rankings.

2015 LPGA Tour
The 2015 LPGA Tour was a series of professional golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world. The Tour began in Ocala, Florida, on January 28 and ended on November 22 at the Gold Course of the Tiburón Golf Club in Naples, Florida. The tournaments were sanctioned by the United States–based Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA).

Lydia Ko won five tournaments, including one major, led the money list, won the Race to the CME Globe, and became the youngest winner of the LPGA Tour's Player of the Year award. Inbee Park also won five tournaments, including two majors, and won the Vare Trophy for the lowest scoring average. She also accumulated enough points to be inducted into the LPGA Hall of Fame upon her completion of her 10th year on tour (2016). Sei-Young Kim won three tournaments and the Rookie of the Year award.
Black Pirate
The Black Pirate (Jon Valor) is a character from DC Comics, created by Sheldon Moldoff. He first appeared in Action Comics #23 (April 1940). His ghost played an important role in James Robinson's 1990s Starman series.

James Robinson (writer)
James Dale Robinson is a British writer of American comic books and screenplays best known for co-creating the character of Starman (Jack Knight) with Tony Harris and reviving the Justice Society of America in the late 1990s. His other notable works include the screenplay for the film adaptation of the Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill's comic book series The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen and the multi-year crossover storyline "Superman: New Krypton".
Phalametar
Phalemetar is a village development committee in Kabhrepalanchok District in Bagmati Province of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,560 and had 568 houses in it.

Kavrepalanchok District
Kavrepalanchok District (Nepali: काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला; IAST: Kābhrepalāñcok pronounced [kabʱrepʌˈlant͡sok] ⓘ) also known as Kavre is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Dhulikhel as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,396 km2 (539 sq mi). It is a part of Bagmati Province and has a population of 364,039.

Nepal's Information Technology Park is also located in this district.
Andrzej Grzyb
Andrzej Marian Grzyb (born 23 August 1956 in Siedlików) is a Polish politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2003 until 2004 and from 2009 until 2019. He was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 7,986 votes in 36 Kalisz district as a candidate from the Polish People's Party list.

From 2014 until 2019, Grzyb was a member of the European Parliament's Democracy Support and Election Coordination Group (DEG), which oversees the Parliament's election observation missions.

He was also a member of People's Republic of Poland Sejm 1989–1991, Sejm 1993–1997, and Sejm 2001–2005.

Siedlików
Siedlików [ɕɛˈdlikuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrzeszów, within Ostrzeszów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

The village is the birthplace of the Nike Award-winning Polish writer and journalist Marian Pilot.
Christine Bigby
Christine Bigby (born 30 September 1955) is an Australian social work academic and disability researcher. She is a Professor of Social Work and Director of the Living with Disability Research Centre at La Trobe University.  Her research is focused on community participation, supported decision making, and quality of support for people who have intellectual and cognitive disabilities. Her work has informed policy and practice relating to disability support.  In 2025, she was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) to recognize her contributions.

La Trobe University
La Trobe University is a public research university based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Its main campus is located in the suburb of Bundoora. The university was established in 1964, becoming the third university in the state of Victoria and the twelfth university in Australia. La Trobe is one of the Australian verdant universities and also part of the Innovative Research Universities group.

La Trobe's original and principal campus is located in the Melbourne metropolitan area, within the northern Melbourne suburb of Bundoora. It is the largest metropolitan campus in the country, occupying over 267 hectares (660 acres). It has two other major campuses located in the regional Victorian city of Bendigo and the twin border cities of Albury-Wodonga. There are two smaller regional campuses in Mildura and Shepparton and a city campus in Melbourne's CBD on Collins Street and in Sydney on Elizabeth Street.

La Trobe offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses across its ten schools.
Polekhovka
Polekhovka (Russian: Полеховка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Rusanovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. The population as of 2010 is 46.

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Alicia R. Chacón International School
Alicia R. Chacón International School (Spanish: Escuela Internacional Alicia R. Chacón) is a K–8 school in El Paso, Texas. It is operated by the Ysleta Independent School District.

Chacón has a two-way bilingual education program that is intended to teach Spanish-speaking students English and English-speaking students Spanish. Students may also take a third language; available third languages are Chinese, German, Japanese, French, and Russian. The bilingual education program was developed to encourage speakers of one language to retain their language and to also learn a second language at the same time. This differs from other bilingual programs in Texas, where non-English speaking students are expected to learn solely in English once they achieve a certain competency in English. As of 2009 Chacón has long waiting lists of students. Nate Blakeslee of Texas Monthly argued that other Texas school districts should use Chacón's bilingual program.

Texas Monthly
Texas Monthly (stylized as TexasMonthly) is a monthly American magazine headquartered in Austin, Texas, United States. Founded in 1973 by Michael R. Levy, Texas Monthly chronicles life in contemporary Texas, writing on politics, the environment, industry, and education. The magazine also covers leisure topics such as music, art, dining, and travel. It is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA).

After being sold to Emmis Publishing, L.P. in 1998, the magazine was later sold to Genesis Park LP in 2016 for $25 million, and is currently owned by Randa Williams as of 2019. In 2021, Texas Monthly began expanding into video production through its acquisition of Phillips Productions, best known as the producers of Texas Country Reporter.
Xxencoding
xxencode is a binary-to-text encoding similar to uuencode which uses only the alphanumeric characters, and the plus and minus signs. It was invented as a means to transfer files in a format which would survive character set translation, particularly that between ASCII and the EBCDIC encoding used on IBM mainframes.

EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC; /ˈɛbsɪdɪk/) is an eight-bit character encoding used mainly on IBM mainframe and IBM midrange computer operating systems. It descended from the code used with punched cards and the corresponding six-bit binary-coded decimal code used with most of IBM's computer peripherals of the late 1950s and early 1960s. It is supported by various non-IBM platforms, such as Fujitsu-Siemens' BS2000/OSD, OS-IV, MSP, and MSP-EX, the SDS Sigma series, Unisys VS/9, Unisys MCP and ICL VME.
Nancita (beetle)
Nancita is a genus of beetles belonging to the leaf beetle family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Galerucinae. The description of the genus by Ernest Allard in 1889 included only one species, Nancita alterna. It was collected by Carl Semper in a location given as "Pulobatu", which other sources place in the Philippines.

Carl Semper
Carl Gottfried Semper (July 6, 1832, Altona, Duchy of Holstein – May 29, 1893, Würzburg) was a German ethnologist and animal ecologist. His brother Georg Semper took an interest in the lepidoptera while his brother Johannes Otto Semper (1830–1907) specialized in the molluscs.
Band Wagon (album)
Band Wagon is the debut solo album of Japanese musician Shigeru Suzuki, released by Panam/Crown on May 25, 1975. It was recorded in Los Angeles, California with American musicians. Two singles were released from the album "The Smell of August"/"Snow Express" and "100-Watt Lover", both in 1975.

Nippon Crown
Nippon Crown Co., Ltd. (日本クラウン株式会社, Nippon Kuraun Kabushikaisha) is a Japanese record label established as Crown Records on 6 September 1963. It is a spin-off of Nippon Columbia and is owned by karaoke maker Daiichikosho. The record label singles which topped the Oricon Singles Chart are Kaze's "22-Sai no Wakare" (1975), and Gackt's "Returner (Yami no Shūen)" (2007).
Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)
Manoj Kumar Tiwari (born 1 February 1971) is an Indian politician, singer and actor. He is serving as a Member of Parliament from North East Delhi since 2014. Tiwari contested the 2009 general election as a Samajwadi Party candidate from Gorakhpur Lok Sabha but lost to Yogi Adityanath. In 2014, he joined Bharatiya Janata Party and contested in 2014 Indian general elections and won. He was appointed as Delhi BJP president in 2016. He was the head of the BJP organisation in Delhi when the party recorded a record victory in 2017 MCD elections.

2017 Delhi Municipal Corporation election
The elections for the Municipal Corporation of Delhi were held on 23 April 2017. The results were declared on 26 April 2017 in which BJP was elected. The total turnout for the election was 54%. The major parties contesting the election are BJP, INC and AAP.
Elian Rocha
Elian Sabra Rocha (born 6 April 2000) is a Brazilian curler.

At the international level, he competed at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics (finishing 16th with the Brazilian mixed team and 17th on an international mixed doubles team with Mary Fay from Canada).

Curling at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics
Curling at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics was contested at the Kristins Hall in Lillehammer, Norway from 12 to 21 February. The mixed team event took place from 12 to 17 February, while the mixed doubles tournament took place from 19 to 21 February.

The Athlete Role Model for the Youth Olympics curling competition was Rasmus Stjerne of Denmark.
Joe Hardy (politician)
Joseph Paul Hardy (born May 15, 1949) is a former Republican member of the Nevada Senate, representing District 12. Hardy was first elected to the Senate in 2010 when, before redistricting and a change in the nomenclature of the districts, he represented Clark County Number 12. His district represents rural areas of southeast Clark County including the communities of Boulder City, Laughlin, Searchlight, Henderson, Overton, Bunkerville, Mesquite, as well as Nellis Air Force Base, Lake Mead, and Valley of Fire State Park. Hardy previously represented Clark County District 20 from 2002 to 2010.

He served a LDS mission in France. Hardy is currently an Associate Professor and Staff Physician in the Department of Primary Care at Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine.

Mesquite, Nevada
Mesquite is a city located in the northeast corner of Clark County, Nevada, United States adjacent to the Arizona state line and 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Las Vegas on Interstate 15. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 20,471. The city is located in the Virgin River valley adjacent to the Virgin Mountains in the northeastern part of the Mojave Desert. It is home to a growing retirement community, as well as several casino resorts and golf courses.
Potocki Palace, Warsaw
The Potocki Palace (Polish: Pałac Potockich, Polish pronunciation: [pɔˈtɔt͡skʲi]) is a large baroque palace in Warsaw, located at Krakowskie Przedmieście 15, directly opposite the Presidential Palace. It was originally built for the Denhoff family and in the late 18th century became the property of the Potocki family.

After World War II the building served as the seat of the Ministry of Culture and Art (Ministerstwo Kultury i Sztuki). It now houses the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego).

Krakowskie Przedmieście
Krakowskie Przedmieście (Polish) (Polish pronunciation: [kraˈkɔfskʲɛ pʂɛdˈmjɛɕt͡ɕɛ] ⓘ, lit. 'Kraków Fore-town') is one of the best known
streets of Poland's capital Warsaw, surrounded by historic palaces, churches and manor-houses. It constitutes the northernmost part of Warsaw's Royal Route, and links the Old Town and Royal Castle (at Castle Square) with some of the most notable institutions in Warsaw, including, proceeding southward, the Presidential Palace, Warsaw University, and the Polish Academy of Sciences headquartered in the Staszic Palace. The immediate southward extension of the street along the Royal Route is New World Street.

Several other Polish cities also have streets named Krakowskie Przedmieście. In Lublin, it is the main and most elegant street. Other cities include Piotrków Trybunalski, Bochnia, Krasnystaw, Olkusz, Sieradz and Wieluń.
SLIB
SLIB is computer software, a library for the programming language Scheme, written by Aubrey Jaffer. It uses only standard Scheme syntax and thus works on many different Scheme implementations, such as Bigloo, Chez Scheme, Extension Language Kit 3.0, Gambit 3.0, GNU Guile, JScheme, Kawa, Larceny, MacScheme, MIT/GNU Scheme, Pocket Scheme, Racket, RScheme, Scheme 48, SCM, SCM Mac, and scsh. SLIB is used by GnuCash. Other implementations can support SLIB in a unified way through Scheme Requests for Implementation (SRFI) 96.

SLIB is a GNU package.

Kawa (Scheme implementation)
Kawa  is a language framework written in the programming language Java that implements the programming language Scheme, a dialect of Lisp, and can be used to implement other languages to run on the Java virtual machine (JVM). It is a part of the GNU Project.

The name Kawa comes from the Polish word for coffee; a play on words, since Java is another familiar name for coffee.

Kawa is notable as one of the few programming languages with support for units of measure in the form of quantities.
New Testament people named Mary
The name Mary (from Ancient Greek: Μαριάμ or Μαρία from the original Hebrew מרים Miryam), appears 54 times in the New Testament, in 49 verses. It was the single most popular female name among Jews of the Roman province of Judaea at the time, borne by about one in four women, and most of the New Testament references to Mary provide only the barest identifying information. Scholars and traditions therefore differ as to how many distinct women these references represent and which of them refer to the same person.

Nein
Nein (Arabic: نين, Nayin, lit. Charming, Hebrew: ניין) — also Nain or Naim in English — is an Arab village in northern Israel. Located in the Lower Galilee, 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) south of Nazareth, Nein covers a land area of approximately 1,000 dunams (250 acres) and falls under the jurisdiction of Bustan al-Marj Regional Council, whose headquarters it hosts. Its total land area consisted of 3,737 dunums prior to 1962. According to the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2023 it had a population of 2,024.
Bassoon Concerto (Jolivet)
French composer André Jolivet wrote his Concerto for Bassoon, String Orchestra, Harp and Piano in 1953–1954. It was premièred on 30 November 1954 by Maurice Allard and the Orchestre Radio-Symphonique, Paris.

It lasts about 13 minutes and is considered one of the most difficult concertos in the bassoon's repertoire.

Orchestre philharmonique de Radio France
The Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France (French pronunciation: [ɔʁkɛstʁ filaʁmɔnik də ʁadjo fʁɑ̃s]) is a French radio orchestra, affiliated with Radio France.  The orchestra performs principally at the auditorium of the Maison de la Radio in Paris, along with several concerts at the Philharmonie de Paris.