hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean-Paul Herteman
Jean-Paul Herteman (born 1950) is a French aerospace engineer, materials scientist and chief executive. He was CEO of Safran until April 2015, the French Aerospace engine & equipment manufacturer and chairman of both the French Aerospace Industries Association (GIFAS) and of the AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe(ASD). He is vice-chairman of the Conseil général de l'armement (General Council of Armament) chaired by the Minister of Defence.

Aerospace materials
Aerospace materials are materials, frequently metal alloys, that have either been developed for, or have come to prominence through their use for aerospace purposes.

These uses often require exceptional performance, strength or heat resistance, even at the cost of considerable expense in their production or machining. Others are chosen for their long-term reliability in this safety-conscious field, particularly for their resistance to fatigue.

The field of materials engineering is an important one within aerospace engineering. Its practice is defined by the international standards bodies who maintain standards for the materials and processes involved. Engineers in this field may often have studied for degrees or post-graduate qualifications in it as a speciality.
Baba Amr
Baba Amr (Arabic: بابا عمرو/ALA-LC: Bâba ʿAmr) is a city district (hayy) in southwestern Homs in central Syria. In 2004, it had a population of 34,175 (the hayy of Sultaniya which abuts Baba Amr to the south was also counted in this figure). Abutting Baba Amr and Sultaniya from the north and south respectively are the city districts of Inshaat and the village of Jobar. To the west are the villages of Aysun, Shalluh and al-Mazra'a and to the east is Homs' Palestinian refugee camp.

Al-Mazraa, Homs
Al-Mazra'a (Arabic: المزرعة) is a village in northern Syria located west of Homs in the Homs Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Mazra'a had a population of 2,519 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Shia Muslims and Alawites.
Ahonoora
Ahonoora (1975–1989) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from 1977 to 1979 he ran sixteen times and won seven races. Ahonoora was a sprinter who specialised in races over five and six furlongs, with his most important wins coming in the Stewards's Cup at Goodwood and the Group Two William Hill Sprint Championship (now a Group One race) at York. He is primarily notable for his achievements at stud, where his progeny, including Dr Devious, Park Express and Indian Ridge, made him one of the most significant modern representatives of the Byerley Turk sire line.

York Racecourse
York Racecourse is a horse racing venue in York, North Yorkshire, England.
It is the third biggest racecourse in Britain in terms of total prize money offered, and second behind Ascot in prize money offered per meeting. It attracts around 350,000 racegoers per year and stages four of the UK's 38 annual Group 1 races – the Juddmonte International Stakes, the Nunthorpe Stakes, the Yorkshire Oaks and the City of York Stakes.
Idarkopf Tower
Idarkopf Tower (German: Idarkopf Turm or Idarkopfturm), also known as Idarkopf Observation Tower (German: Idarkopf Aussichtsturm) for long, is a wooden German lattice observation tower on the summit of Mt. Idarkopf in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The observation tower on the 746 m-high (2,448 ft) mountain of Idarkopf has a total height of 28.50 m (94 ft). Built in 1980, the tower was constructed according to a certain kind of specialized wooden frame and was designed through triangular sketch. Staircases are uncountable because of the vast number of steps. The roof, which contains the observation deck, is considered the highest accessible point in the whole area, providing a unique view of the town nearby.

The hybrid construction made of wood and steel was erected in 2022 in place of the older wooden tower that was severely damaged by fire in October 2018 and demolished in February 2022. The opening of the new tower took place in December 2022.

Observation deck
An observation deck, observation platform, or viewing platform is an elevated sightseeing platform usually situated upon a tall architectural structure, such as a skyscraper or observation tower. Observation decks are sometimes enclosed from weather, and a few may include coin-operated telescopes for viewing distant features.
Termarina rossa
Termarina rossa is a red Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. The grape is unique among Vitis vinifera varieties in that it is naturally seedless. Historically Termarina rossa was grown in the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia for use in production of jams and saba, a sweet syrup, made from boiling the must but today it is used as a blending variety in some of Indicazione geografica tipica (IGT) wines of the area.

Must
Must is freshly crushed fruit juice (usually grape juice) that contains the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. The solid portion of the must is called pomace and typically makes up 7–23% of the total weight of the must. Making must is the first step in winemaking. Because of its high glucose content, typically between 10 and 15%, must is also used as a sweetener in a variety of cuisines. Unlike commercially sold grape juice, which is filtered and pasteurized, must is thick with particulate matter, opaque, and comes in various shades of brown and purple. The name comes from the Latin vinum mustum; lit. 'young wine'.
David Robinson (1754–1842)
David Robinson (November 22, 1754 – December 11, 1843) was a Vermont soldier active in the American Revolution who was promoted to the rank of Major General.

Robinson was born in Hardwick, Massachusetts as the eighth child of Captain Samuel Robinson, and his siblings included Samuel Robinson Jr., Moses Robinson, and Jonathan Robinson.  The family moved to Bennington, Vermont with their father in 1761.

David Robinson served in the Revolution as a private at the Battle of Bennington on August 16, 1777, and rose rapidly by regular promotion to the rank of Major General. He resigned that office in 1817. From 1789-1811 he also served as sheriff of Bennington County, then was appointed United States Marshal, which office he held until 1819. Robinson died in Bennington on December 11, 1843 and was buried in Bennington's Old Cemetery.

Hardwick, Massachusetts
Hardwick is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States, about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of the city of Worcester. It had a population of 2,667 at the 2020 census. It includes the villages of Hardwick, Gilbertville, Wheelwright and Old Furnace.
1980 Stella Artois Championships – Doubles
Tim Gullikson and Tom Gullikson were the defending champions but lost in the semifinals to Rod Frawley and Geoff Masters.

Frawley and Masters won the doubles title at the 1980 Queen's Club Championships tennis tournament defeating Paul McNamee and Sherwood Stewart in the final 6–2, 4–6, 11–9.

Sherwood Stewart
Sherwood Stewart (born June 6, 1946) is an American former professional tennis player who was active in the 1970s and 1980s. Stewart was ranked as high as No. 60 in the world in singles on the ATP Rankings on December 31, 1978, and No. 4 in doubles on January 3, 1983.

He attended Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas and graduated in 1969. He was the NCAA College Division Singles Champion in 1967 and was inducted into the Lamar University Hall of Honor.

He won 52 doubles titles, the biggest of them coming at the 1984 Australian Open, the 1976 French Open and 1982 French Open, in Cincinnati in 1974, in Monte Carlo in 1984, and in Hamburg in 1976. He was also in three additional Grand Slam doubles finals during his career.

After retiring from playing, he became a coach, most notably of Zina Garrison.
Jaguar XJR-15
The Jaguar Sport XJR-15 is a two-seater sports car of which a limited number were produced by JaguarSport, a subsidiary of Jaguar and Tom Walkinshaw Racing, between 1990 and 1992. Only 50 were planned (although 53 chassis were eventually made), each selling for £500,000.

The chassis was mechanically based on the Le Mans-winning XJR-9, designed by Tony Southgate. The body of the XJR-15 was designed by Peter Stevens, who went on to co-design the McLaren F1. The car competed in a single-make racing series called the Jaguar Intercontinental Challenge, which supported three Formula 1 races (Monaco, Silverstone and Spa) in 1991. The XJR-15 was the world's first road-car made entirely from carbon-fibre.

Tony Southgate
Tony Southgate (born 25 May 1940, Coventry, England) is an English engineer and former racing car designer. He designed many successful cars, including Jaguar's Le Mans-winning XJR-9, and cars for almost every type of circuit racing. He was responsible for the chassis design of Ford's RS200 Group B rally car. Southgate was employed as chief designer or technical director for many Formula One teams for over twenty years. These teams included BRM, Shadow and Arrows. Southgate retired after producing the Audi R8C, which was a major influence in the Bentley Speed 8, which won Le Mans in 2003. He continues to be a regular visitor to current and historic race meetings.

Southgate is the only chief engineer to have won the Triple Crown of Motorsport with his cars: Indianapolis 500 with Eagle TG2 in 1968, the Monaco Grand Prix with the BRM P160B and the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1988 and 1990 with Jaguar XJR-9 and Jaguar XJR-12.
Cultural Landscape of Uramanat
Cultural Landscape of Hawraman or Cultural Landscape of Uramanat is the 26th tangible cultural heritage of Iran. This remote and mountainous landscape bears testimony to the traditional culture of the Hawrami people, an agropastoral Kurdish tribe that has inhabited the region since about 3000 BCE. The property, at the heart of the Zagros Mountains in the provinces of Kurdistan and Kermanshah along the western border of Iran.

The Uramanat Villages are located in the mountainous Kermanshah and Kurdistan Provinces of Iran and Halabja Governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan. The villages are unique in terms of architecture, lifestyle, and agricultural methodology.  Villages are integrated with nature by incorporating steep-slope agriculture. The 12 villages included in the property illustrate the Hawrami people’s evolving responses to the scarcity of productive land in their mountainous environment through the millennia.

Zagros Mountains
The Zagros Mountains are a mountain range in West Asia spanning Iran, northern Iraq, and southeastern Turkey. The mountain range has a total length of 1,600 km (990 miles). The Zagros range begins in northwestern Iran and roughly follows Iran's western border while covering much of southeastern Turkey and northeastern Iraq. From this border region, the range continues southeast to the waters of the Persian Gulf. It spans the southern parts of the Armenian highlands, and the whole length of the western and southwestern Iranian plateau, ending at the Strait of Hormuz. The highest point is Mount Dena, at 4,409 metres (14,465 ft).
Jakun language
Jakun is an Austronesian language, perhaps a dialect of Malay, spoken in Malaysia. Specifically it is spoken on the east coast and inland of Peninsular Malaysia, around the Pairang River, from Pekan in Pahang to Sri Gading, east to Benut, northwest to middle Muar River area around the districts of Segamat, Muar and Tangkak in Johor. It is also known as Djakun, Jakoon, Jaku’d, Jakud’n or Orang Hulu.

The language is native to the Jakun tribe belonging to the Proto-Malay branch of the indigenous natives of Malaysia, the Orang Asli.

Tangkak District
The Tangkak District is a district in western Johor, Malaysia, bordering Muar District to the south, Segamat District to the northeast, and Jasin District, Malacca to the west. The district also shares an 11 kilometre border with Tampin District, Negeri Sembilan to the northwest. The district capital and largest settlement is the town of Tangkak. Other towns include Sagil, Sungai Mati and Tanjung Agas.
Peter I Tétény
Peter (I) from the kindred Tétény (Hungarian: Tétény nembeli (I.) Péter; died after 1233) was a Hungarian noble in the first half of the 13th century, who administered counties during the reign of Andrew II of Hungary.

Counties of Hungary (1000–1920)
A county (Hungarian: vármegye 'castle-county' or megye) is the name of a type of administrative unit in Hungary.

This article deals with counties in the former Kingdom of Hungary from the 10th century until the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. For lists of individual counties, see: Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary. For counties of Hungary since 1950, see: Counties of Hungary.
Arete Kerge
Arete Kerge (née Teemets; born 1985 in Tallinn) is an Estonian opera singer (soprano).

She studied singing at Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre. Subsequently, she graduated from Conservatorio di Musica Santa Cecilia (master's degree).

Awards:

2010: First Prize at the Santa Chiara Classical Singing Competition in the category "Sacred Music"

2014: First Prize at Concours Flame in Paris

Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre
The Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre (Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia) began as a mixed choir of the Estonia Society Musical Department (EMD) on the eve of World War I. The assembly of the Estonia Society created the Tallinn Higher Music School on November 17, 1918. The opening ceremony took place on September 28, 1919. In 1923 the educational institution was renamed the Tallinn Conservatoire.  In 1938 the State Drama School was opened. In 1993 the school was renamed the Estonian Academy of Music. In 1995 the Drama Faculty was renamed the Higher Theatre School.

Some prominent graduates of the Estonian Academy of Music include singers Aile Asszonyi, Heli Lääts, and Ain Anger, conductors Roman Matsov, Tõnu Kaljuste, Olari Elts, Eri Klas, and Kristiina Poska, composers Arvo Pärt, Lepo Sumera, Erkki-Sven Tüür and Ardo Ran Varres, director Andres Puustusmaa, and actors Tõnu Aav, Heino Mandri, Elmo Nüganen, Ain Lutsepp, Margus Oopkaup, Jan Uuspõld, Tõnu Tepandi and Taavi Eelmaa.
Pietro Berti
Pietro Berti (1741–1813) was an Italian jesuit and professor of rhetoric.

Born in Venice, he entered the Jesuit order and taught rhetoric at Jesuit colleges in Parma and Reggio Emilia. In Reggio, the count Agostino Paradisi sponsored Berti for the Accademia degli Ipochondriaco. He returned to Venice where he was in demand for his erudition and knowledge of precious books. Among his writings are Funeral Oration for the Doge Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo (1779, in Latin). He also wrote Orazione per il solenne ingresso di sua excellenzia Pietro Mocenigo, Cavalieri e Procuratore di San Marco (1780). Esopo (Aesop) vulgarizzato per uno da Siena, testo di lingua (1811). His disciples published a poem posthumously, titled La Pesca di Commacchio, Stanze (1819).

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
Daniel Górak
Daniel Górak (born 9 October 1983) is a Polish table tennis player. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics as part of the Polish team in the men's team event and is currently playing for PKS Jarosław Kolping.

Table tennis at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's team
The men's team table tennis event was part of the table tennis programme at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. The event took place from Friday 12 August to Wednesday 17 August 2016 at Riocentro.

The medals were presented by Yu Zaiqing, IOC Vice President and Melecio Rivera, Executive Vice President of the ITTF.
Paulin Deslandes
Paul Deslandes, full name Nicolas Théodore Paulin Deslandes, (1806 – 25 April 1866) was a 19th-century French playwright.

A singer at the Opéra Comique where he made his debut 3 April 1832, his plays were presented on the most important Parisian stages of the 19th century: Théâtre du Vaudeville, Théâtre du Palais-Royal, Théâtre de l'Ambigu etc.

He is buried at the Père Lachaise Cemetery. The bronze bust of E. Levêque adorning his tomb was beheaded by vandals.

Père Lachaise Cemetery
Père Lachaise Cemetery (French: Cimetière du Père-Lachaise [simtjɛʁ dy pɛʁ laʃɛːz], formerly Cimetière de l'Est, lit. 'Cemetery of the East') is the largest cemetery in Paris, France, at 44 hectares (110 acres). With more than 3.5 million visitors annually, it is the most visited necropolis in the world.

The Père Lachaise is located in the 20th arrondissement and was the first garden cemetery, as well as the first municipal cemetery in Paris. It is also the site of three World War I memorials. The cemetery is located on the Boulevard de Ménilmontant. The Paris Métro station Philippe Auguste on Line 2 is next to the main entrance, while the station Père Lachaise, on both Line 2 and Line 3, is 500 m (1,640 ft) away near a side entrance.
Nikolay Kamensky
Count Nikolay Mikhailovich Kamensky (Russian: Николай Михайлович Каменский; 27 December 1776 – 4 May 1811) was a Russian general, younger son of Field Marshal Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky and his wife, Princess Anna Pavlovna Shcherbatova (1749-1826).

Field marshal (Russia)
General-feldmarshal (Russian: Генерал-фельдмаршал, from German: general-feldmarschall) was, with the exception of Generalissimo, the highest military rank of the Russian Empire. It was a military rank of the 1st class in the Imperial Russian Army and equal to those of Chancellor and Active Privy Councillor, 1st class in civil service, and General Admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 the rank was abolished, alongside the Table of Ranks. In 1935 however, the Red Army introduced the equivalent rank of "Marshal of the Soviet Union" (Russian: Маршал Советского Союза) as the highest military rank of the Soviet Union, when ranks were restored under Stalin's rule.
OKB Chyetverikov
OKB Chyetverikov was a Soviet aircraft design bureau headed by designer Igor Vyacheslavovich Chyetverikov at the TsAGI (Tsentrahl'nyy Aerodinamicheskiy i Ghidrodinamicheskiy Institoot- central aerodynamics and hydrodynamics institute) Menzhinskii factory in 1931 in order to produce flying boat designs.

Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute
The Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (also (Zhukovsky) Central Institute of Aerodynamics, Russian: Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т, ЦАГИ, romanized: Tsentral'nyy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut, TsAGI) is a Russian national research centre for aviation. It was founded in Moscow by Russian aviation pioneer Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky on December 1, 1918.
Rajinder Singh Sr.
Rajinder Singh Sr., is an Indian field hockey player and coach. He played for Railways in the Indian Senior National Hockey Championship. He was part of the Indian teams that won the gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics and silver medal at the 1982 Asian Games. He was a defender and a noted penalty corner expert who top scored for India at the 1981-82 World Cup scoring 12 goals for India in that world cup. He coached the India men's U-21 team to the 2001 Junior World Cup title and the India men's team to the 2003 Asia Cup title.

Senior National Hockey Championship
The Senior National Hockey Championship is a state-level national field hockey competition contested by the state associations and government institutions under Hockey India, the sport's governing body in India. It was first held in 1928 under the aegis of Indian Hockey Federation (IHF), the former Indian field hockey federation and was also known as Rangaswamy Cup. Since 2011, it has been organised by Hockey India under the name of Hockey India Senior National Championship.
Alfred Sokołowski
Alfred Marcin Sokołowski (11 November 1849 in Włodawa - 8 March 1924 in Warsaw) was a Polish pulmonologist and professor of the University of Warsaw. He specialised in the field of Phthisiatry (study of tuberculosis) and he was one of the pioneers of modern treatment to diseases of the respiratory system.

In 1908 founded the Towarzystwo Przeciwgruźlicze. He contributed to the spread of medical knowledge about the disease, and he opened a treatment clinic in Zakopane. From 1880 until his death he worked in the editorial "Gazeta Lekarska" (Doctor's Newspaper) and his expert knowledge of tuberculosis produced many high quality journals on the subject. In 1914, Stanford University awarded him the title of Doctor honoris causa for his contributions to the field of phthisiatry.

He died in 1924, but after World War II, the village of Sokołowsko was named after him.

Phthisiology
Phthisiology is the care, treatment, and study of tuberculosis of the lung. It is therefore considered a specialisation within the area of pulmonology.

The term derives from the designation by Hippocrates of phthisis (Greek φθίσις) meaning "consumption".
UFOs in fiction
Many works of fiction have featured UFOs. In most cases, as the fictional story progresses, the Earth is being invaded by hostile alien forces from outer space, usually from Mars, as depicted in early science fiction, or the people are being destroyed by alien forces, as depicted in the film Independence Day. Some fictional UFO encounters may be based on real UFO reports, such as Night Skies. Night Skies is based on the 1997 Phoenix UFO Incident.

UFOs appear in many forms of fiction other than film, such as video games in the Destroy All Humans! or the X-COM series and Halo series and print, The War of the Worlds or Iriya no Sora, UFO no Natsu. Typically a small group of people or the military (which one depending on where the film was made), will fight off the invasion, however the monster Godzilla has fought against many UFOs.

Cars Toons
Cars Toons is an American animated short series based on the Cars franchise. It features Lightning McQueen, Mater, and their friends in comedic antics and adventures canonical to the films. Larry the Cable Guy reprises his role as Mater while Keith Ferguson replaces Owen Wilson as the voice of Lightning McQueen until "The Radiator Springs 500 ½", when Wilson reprises his role.

The series premiered on October 27, 2008, with "Rescue Squad Mater" on Disney Channel, Toon Disney and ABC Family. Not exclusive to television, the shorts were also released on home media and/or as theatrical shorts. The series ended on May 20, 2014, with "The Radiator Springs 500 ½".
Center for Philosophy of Science
The Center for Philosophy of Science is an academic center located at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, dedicated to research in the philosophy of science. The center was founded by Adolf Grünbaum in 1960. The current director of the center is Edouard Machery.

Wilfrid Sellars
Wilfrid Stalker Sellars (/ˈsɛlərz/; May 20, 1912 – July 2, 1989) was an American philosopher and prominent developer of critical realism who "revolutionized both the content and the method of philosophy in the United States". His work has had a profound impact in virtually all areas of analytic philosophy beginning in the latter half of the 20th century, including in epistemology, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, philosophy of perception, and philosophy of science. His most notable contributions include his critique of foundationalist epistemology (the "Myth of the Given"), a synoptic philosophy aiming to unite what he called the manifest and scientific images, and an inferentialist account of meaning.