hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parowan, Utah
Parowan (/ˈpærəwɑːn/ PARR-ə-wahn) is a city in and the county seat of Iron County, Utah, United States. The population was 2,996 at the 2020 census.

Parowan became the first incorporated city in Iron County in 1851. A fort that had been constructed on the east side of Center Creek the previous year was an initial hub in the development of ironworks in the region. Parowan served as the agricultural support base for the local iron industry, whose blast furnace was located in nearby Cedar City. Eventually, the ironworks were decommissioned.

Despite occasional successes, the mission failed to produce a consistent and sustained supply of pig iron. By 1858, most of the area's mining operations had ceased due to disappointing yields. Today, the area's chief industries are recreation and tourism.

Pig iron
Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate good used by the iron industry in the production of steel. It is developed by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silica and other dross, which makes it brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.
Bismoclite
Bismoclite is a bismuth oxohalide mineral with formula BiOCl. It is the naturally occurring form of bismuth oxychloride. The name was derived from its chemical constituents. It is a secondary bismuth mineral first thought to be composed of bismuthyl ions (BiO+) and chloride anions, however, the existence of the diatomic bismuthyl ion is doubtful.

It is a member of the matlockite group.

It was first described in 1935 from alluvium near bismuth-bearing pegmatites in South Africa.  It has been found in association with granite pegmatite and in greisen. Associated minerals include bismutite, mica, jarosite, alunite, cerussite, atacamite, connellite. Occurrences include the type locality at Jackals Water, SW of Prieska, South Africa; Bygoo, Australia; the Tintic district in the East Tintic Mountains of Utah; and from Dalbeattie, Scotland.

Greisen
Greisen is a highly altered granitic rock or pegmatite, usually composed predominantly of quartz and micas (mostly muscovite). Greisen is formed by self-generated alteration of a granite and is a class of moderate- to high-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal alteration related to the late-stage release of volatiles dissolved in a magma during the solidification of that magma.

Greisens are usually variably altered rocks, grading from coarse, crystalline granite, commonly vuggy with miarolitic cavities, through to quartz and muscovite rich rocks, which may be locally rich in topaz, tourmaline, cassiterite, fluorite, beryl, wolframite, siderite, molybdenite and other sulfide minerals, and other accessory minerals. They may occur as small to large veins, or large zones in the roof of some granites. The rocks can sometimes be mined as ores of tin and other minerals.
Quinault Pass
Quinault Pass is a snow pass trending in a north–south direction lying between the Lully Foothills and the LeMay Range in central portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The feature was photographed from the air by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, and mapped from these photographs by D. Searle of Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), 1960, it was named in association with the nearby Lully Foothills by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC), 1977, after the French dramatist Philippe Quinault, (1635-1688).

70°49′S 69°28′W﻿ / ﻿70.817°S 69.467°W﻿ / -70.817; -69.467
 This article incorporates public domain material from "Quinault Pass". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

LeMay Range
The LeMay Range (70°55′S 69°20′W﻿ / ﻿70.917°S 69.333°W﻿ / -70.917; -69.333) is a mountain range 40 nautical miles (70 km) long with peaks rising to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), extending in a northwest–southeast direction from Snick Pass to the north side of Uranus Glacier in the central portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was first seen from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and the north and east portions mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. Later, it was resighted from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, and named by Finn Ronne for General Curtis LeMay, Deputy Chief of Air Staff for Research and Development of the then United States Army Air Forces, which furnished equipment for the expedition. The range was remapped in detail from RARE photos by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960.
Nazaré Canyon
The Nazaré Canyon is a submarine canyon just off the coast of Nazaré, portuguese Oeste region, in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. It is the largest submarine canyon in Europe, reaching depths of about 5,000 metres (16,000 ft) deep and a length of about 230 kilometres (140 mi).

The canyon is being studied as part of the EU HERMES project using a remotely operated vehicle. The project is investigating the specialized canyon ecosystems, sediment transport and deposition, and the way in which the canyon influences and is affected by local ocean circulation.

Deposition (geology)
Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.

This occurs when the forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer sufficient to overcome the forces of gravity and friction, creating a resistance to motion; this is known as the null point hypothesis. Deposition can also refer to the buildup of sediment from organically derived matter or chemical processes. For example, chalk is made up partly of the microscopic calcium carbonate skeletons of marine plankton, the deposition of which induced chemical processes (diagenesis) to deposit further calcium carbonate. Similarly, the formation of coal begins with the deposition of organic material, mainly from plants, in anaerobic conditions.
Crime and Passion
Crime and Passion, also known as Ace Up My Sleeve, is a 1975 comedy drama film.

In the film, a broker convinces his own girlfriend to marry the biggest client of their firm, and to convince her new husband to entrust his entire fortune to him. The plan apparently backfires, when the broker is first framed for embezzlement and then targeted for murder. Meanwhile, the new bride learns that her husband has a Bluebeard-like habit of ending all his marriages through uxoricide.

Uxoricide
Uxoricide (from Latin uxor meaning "wife" and -cide, from caedere meaning "to cut, to kill") is the killing of one's own wife. It can also be used in the context of the killing of one's own girlfriend. It can refer to the act itself or the person who carries it out. Conversely, the killing of a husband or boyfriend is called mariticide.
Point of No Return (play)
Point of No Return was a Broadway play starring Henry Fonda and Frances Bavier. It was written by Paul Osborn, based on the novel of the same name by John P. Marquand.

Prior to its Broadway opening, Point of No Return had its world premiere in New Haven on 29 October 1951.  It then moved to the Colonial Theatre in Boston for three weeks beginning 6 November 1951 and then two weeks at the Forrest Theatre in Philadelphia beginning 29 November 1951.

Point of No Return ran at the Alvin theater (now the Neil Simon Theatre) from 13 December 1951 – 22 November 1952.

John P. Marquand
John Phillips Marquand (November 10, 1893 – July 16, 1960) was an American writer. Originally best known for his Mr. Moto spy stories, he achieved popular success and critical respect for his satirical novels, winning a Pulitzer Prize for The Late George Apley in 1938. One of his abiding themes was the confining nature of life in America's upper class and among those who aspired to join it. Marquand treated those whose lives were bound by these unwritten codes with a characteristic mix of respect and satire.
Upstream (software development)
In software development, when software has been forked or uses a chain of libraries/dependencies, upstream refers to an issue that occurs in software related to the chain. It is the direction that is toward the original authors or maintainers of software. It is usually used in the context of a version, a bug, or a patch.

Upstream development allows other distributions to benefit from it when they pick up the future release or merge recent (or all) upstream patches. Likewise, the original authors (maintaining upstream) can benefit from contributions that originate from custom distributions, if their users send patches upstream.

The term also pertains to bugs; responsibility for a bug is said to lie upstream when it is not caused through the distribution's porting, non-upstream modification or integration efforts.

Coupling (computer programming)
In software engineering, coupling is the degree of interdependence between software modules, a measure of how closely connected two routines or modules are, and the strength of the relationships between modules. Coupling is not binary but multi-dimensional.

Coupling is usually contrasted with cohesion. Low coupling often correlates with high cohesion, and vice versa. Low coupling is often thought to be a sign of a well-structured computer system and a good design, and when combined with high cohesion, supports the general goals of high readability and maintainability.
Thado Minsaw
Thado Minsaw (Burmese: သတိုးမင်းစော [ðədó mɪ́ɰ̃sɔ́]; 15 June 1762 – 29 March 1809), also known as Shwedaung Min (ရွှေတောင်မင်း), was heir-apparent of Burma from 1783 to 1809, during the reign of his father King Bodawpaya of Konbaung dynasty. As Prince of Shwedaung and Dabayin, he was entrusted by the king to manage the day-to-day affairs of the kingdom, and when necessary, to lead the Royal Army against enemies. Thado Minsaw is best known for his conquest of Arakan (now Rakhine State) in 1784–1785 and the subsequent removal of Mahamuni Buddha from Mrauk-U to Amarapura. He also led the successful defense of Tenasserim (Taninthayi) coast in 1792 in the war with Siam. The crown prince also led the revitalization of Burmese theater in the late 18th century by bringing a group of young artists to his court.

Thado Minsaw died at age 46 in 1809, and was succeeded as crown prince by his son Prince of Sagaing (later King Bagyidaw). The rest of Konbaung kings traced lineage to him.

Thant Myint-U
Thant Myint-U (Burmese: သန့်မြင့်ဦး [θa̰ɰ̃ mjɪ̰ɰ̃ ʔú]; born 31 January 1966) is an historian, writer, grandson of former United Nations Secretary-General U Thant, former UN official, former Myanmar peace process mediator, and an Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He has authored five books, including The River of Lost Footsteps:  A Personal History of Burma and Where China Meets India: Burma and the New Crossroads of Asia. He founded the Yangon Heritage Trust in 2012 to protect built heritage and promote  urban planning in the Burmese commercial capital of Yangon. He is also a Distinguished Visiting Scholar at Christ's College, Cambridge and United Nations Special Adviser on Humanitarian Diplomacy.
Tuần Giáo
Tuần Giáo is a commune (xã) of Điện Biên Province, northwestern Vietnam.

The entire natural area and population of Tuần Giáo Township, Quài Cang Commune, and Quài Nưa Commune are reorganized to form a new administrative unit named Tuần Giáo Commune.

Điện Biên province
Điện Biên is a province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. It is bordered by Lai Châu to the northeast, Sơn La to the southeast, Pu'er City, Yunnan, China, to the northwest, and Phongsaly province in Laos to the west. The province covers an area of about 9,540 km2 (3,683 mi2) and as of 2024 it had a population of 656,700 people.
Nandy (singer)
Faustina Charles Mfinanga (born November 9, 1992), popularly known by her stage name Nandy is a Tanzanian singer, songwriter, and actress. She was born and raised in the town of Moshi, Tanzania in Kilimanjaro Region. She won the All Africa Music Awards twice as the best female artist in East Africa in 2017 and 2020.

Moshi, Tanzania
Moshi is a municipality and the capital of Kilimanjaro Region in the Northeastern Tanzania. As of 2017, the municipality has an estimated population of 201,150 and a population density of 3,409 persons per km2 . In the last official census of 2022, the municipality had a population of 221,733. The municipality is situated on the lower slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, a dormant volcano that is the highest mountain in Africa. The name Moshi has been reported to refer to the smoke that emanates from the nearby mountain. The municipality covers about 59 square kilometres (23 sq mi) and is the smallest municipality in Tanzania by area.
Noora Tulus
Noora Tulus (born 15 August 1995) is a Finnish ice hockey forward for Bryäs IF of the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL) and member of the Finnish national team. She previously played for Luleå HF of the SDHL and the New York Sirens of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL).

Finland women's national ice hockey team
The Finnish women's national ice hockey team represents Finland at the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) Women's World Championships, the Olympic Games, the Four Nations Cup, and other international-level women's ice hockey competitions. The women's national team is overseen by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association and its general manager is Tuula Puputti. Finland's national women's program is ranked third in the world by the IIHF and had 5,858 active players as of 2019.
Nepenthes negros
Nepenthes negros is a tropical pitcher plant native to the Philippines, specifically the islands of Biliran and Negros.

Nepenthes negros belongs to the informal "N. alata group", which also includes N. alata, N. ceciliae, N. copelandii, N. extincta, N. graciliflora, N. hamiguitanensis, N. kitanglad, N. kurata, N. leyte, N. mindanaoensis, N. ramos, N. saranganiensis, and N. ultra. These species are united by a number of morphological characters, including winged petioles, lids with basal ridges on the lower surface (often elaborated into appendages), and upper pitchers that are usually broadest near the base.

It has been suggested that N. negros might fall within the natural variability of N. ramos, though field studies would be needed to confirm this.

Biliran
Biliran, officially the Province of Biliran (Waray-Waray: Probinsya han Biliran; Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Biliran; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Biliran), is an island province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region (Region VIII). Biliran is one of the country's smallest and newest provinces. Formerly a sub-province of Leyte, it became an independent province in 1992.

Biliran lies less than a kilometer north of the island of Leyte. A bridge-causeway fixed link over Poro Island in the gateway town of Biliran connects the province to Leyte.  Its capital is the municipality of Naval on the western coast of the island which is the most populous in the province.
Ute Erb
Ute Erb (born 25 December 1940) is a German writer, poet and translator. She grew up in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany); but when she was 16 she escaped illegally to the west, without telling her parents, and ended up living in Cologne "with friends".  She was driven to it, as she later explained, "by a homesickness for a Germany that simply did not exist". It would not be the last time she would display a well-honed rebellious streak.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
From Elevated Gangways Rivers of Molten Metal Flow
From Elevated Gangways Rivers of Molten Metal Flow is an album by Welsh experimental music group Hwyl Nofio, released in 2017. From Elevated Gangways Rivers of Molten Metal Flow is an avant-garde, drone, noise composition, at once a deeply personal tribute to a long lost family member and an elegy for the death of the steel industry in the place of Parry's birth - Panteg. Steve Parry originally had composed the music as a kind of soundtrack about the life of his Grandfather Herbert Parry – who worked as a Steel roller at Panteg Steel Works in Pontypool, South Wales The recording process took place over the period 1983 – 2008. In an interview with the journalist Dave McGonigle in 2004 Parry refers to having discovered lost recordings and working on the project. The project remained a work in progress until its official release in 2017.

Avant-garde music
Avant-garde music is music that is considered to be at the forefront of innovation in its field, with the term avant-garde implying a critique of existing aesthetic conventions, rejection of the status quo in favor of unique or original elements, and the idea of deliberately challenging or alienating audiences. Avant-garde music may be distinguished from experimental music by the way it adopts an extreme position within a certain tradition, whereas experimental music lies outside tradition.
Tariq Rasheed
Tariq Rasheed (born 10 March 1978) is a Pakistani former first-class cricketer. He played in 20 first-class and 22 List A matches between 1996 and 2004. He is now an umpire, and stood in the match between Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Habib Bank Limited in the 2017–18 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy on 26 September 2017.

Umpire (cricket)
In cricket, an umpire (from the Old French nompere meaning not a peer, that is, not a  member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket field according to the Laws of Cricket. Besides making decisions about legality of delivery, appeals for wickets and general conduct of the game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of an over.

The umpires in cricket are not to be confused with the referee who usually presides only over international matches and makes no decisions affecting the outcome of the game.
Frightmare (1981 film)
Frightmare (originally known as The Horror Star, and also known as simply Horror Star) is a 1981 American supernatural slasher film written and directed by Norman Thaddeus Vane. It stars Ferdy Mayne, Luca Bercovici, Jennifer Starrett, Nita Talbot and Barbara Pilavin, along with Jeffrey Combs in his horror film acting debut. The film's plot follows a group of drama students who decide to kidnap the corpse of a recently deceased horror movie star. By disrupting his tomb, they unwittingly release an ancient black magic that begins consuming them one by one.

The film was distributed by Saturn International, and has been released on home media by Troma Entertainment and Vinegar Syndrome, among other companies.

Supernatural horror film
Supernatural horror film is a film genre that combines aspects of supernatural film and horror film. Supernatural occurrences in such films often include ghosts and demons, and many supernatural horror films have elements of religion. Common themes in the genre are the afterlife, the devil, and demonic possession. Not all supernatural horror films focus on religion, and they can have "more vivid and gruesome violence".
The Best of C. M. Kornbluth
The Best of C. M. Kornbluth is a collection of science fiction and fantasy short stories by American author C. M. Kornbluth, edited by Frederik Pohl. It was first published in hardback by Nelson Doubleday in October 1976 and in paperback by Ballantine Books in January 1977, as a volume in its Classic Library of Science Fiction. A second hardcover edition was issued by Taplinger in November 1977, and an ebook edition by Faded Page in December 2017.

Ballantine Books
Ballantine Books is a major American book publisher that is a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. Ballantine was founded in 1952 by Ian Ballantine with his wife, Betty Ballantine. Ballantine was acquired by Random House in 1973, which in turn was acquired by Bertelsmann in 1998 and remains part of that company.

Ballantine's original logo was a pair of mirrored letter Bs back to back, later changing to two Bs stacked to form an elaborate gate. The firm's early editors were Stanley Kauffmann and Bernard Shir-Cliff.
Highland Council wards and councillors 1999 to 2003
The first general election to the Highland Council was held in May 1999, using 80 wards created for that election, and which remain in use today. Each ward elects one councillor by the first past the post system of election. Elections are held on a four-year cycle: therefore the next general election was in 2003.

In 1999 the council had been functioning since 1996, but prior to the 1999 election it had consisted of councillors elected to the earlier regional council which covered the same Highland area.

Wards are grouped into areas. Councillors elected from a particular area become members of the relevant area committee. The committee areas are similar to the districts which were abolished in 1996, when the Highland region became a unitary council area.

Burgh
A burgh (/ˈbʌrə/ BURR-ə) is an autonomous municipal corporation in Scotland, usually a city, town, or toun in Scots. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when King David I created the first royal burghs. Burgh status was broadly analogous to borough status, found in the rest of the United Kingdom. Following local government reorganisation in 1975, the title of "royal burgh" remains in use in many towns, but now has little more than ceremonial value.
Reuben D. Smart
Reuben D. Smart (December 24, 1832 – June 6, 1890) was an American lumberman and politician.

Born in Saint Patrick Parish, Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, Smart emigrated to the United States in 1855 and settled in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Smart was in the lumber business. In 1872, Smart was elected sheriff of Manitowoc County, Wisconsin and was a Republican. In 1875, Smart served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Smart served as Manitowoc County judge and was appointed postmaster of Manitowoc by President Benjamin Harrison. He also served as deputy collector of internal revenue. Smart died in Manitowoc, Wisconsin; he had one of his legs amputated by a surgeon in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

Saint Patrick Parish, New Brunswick
Saint Patrick is a geographic parish in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, located west of St. George and Saint Andrews.

For governance purposes, the southeastern corner around Digdeguash and Bethel is part of the incorporated rural community of Eastern Charlotte, with the remainder belonging to the Southwest rural district, both of which are members of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, it comprised a single local service district (LSD), which was a member of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission (SNBSC).

The Census subdivision of the same name shares the parish's boundaries.