hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Individual Freedoms and Equality Committee (Tunisia)
The Individual Freedoms and Equality Committee (COLIBE, in French Commission des libertés individuelles et de l'égalité) is a commission created by the president of Tunisia Beji Caid Essebsi on 13 August 2017. The committee is in charge of preparing a report on legislative reforms concerning individual freedoms and equality in accordance with the Constitution of 2014 and international human rights standards.

Beji Caid Essebsi
Beji Caid Essebsi (or es-Sebsi; Arabic: الباجي قائد السبسي, romanized: Muhammad al-Bājī Qā’id as-Sibsī, pronunciationⓘ; 29 November 1926 – 25 July 2019) was a Tunisian politician who served as the fourth president of Tunisia from 31 December 2014 until his death on 25 July 2019. Previously, he served as minister of foreign affairs from 1981 to 1986 and prime minister from February to December 2011.

Essebsi's political career spanned six decades, culminating in his leadership of Tunisia in its transition to democracy. Essebsi was the founder of the Nidaa Tounes political party, which won a plurality in the 2014 parliamentary election. In December 2014, he won the first regular presidential election following the Tunisian Revolution, becoming Tunisia's first democratically elected president.
Émile Renouf
Émile Renouf (23 June 1845 – 4 May 1894) was a French painter and draughtsman of the realism-impressionism school.

He studied at the Académie Julian and was a pupil of Gustave Boulanger, Jules Lefebvre and Charles Duran, and first exhibited his works at the Salon de peinture et de sculpture in Paris between 1877 and 1881. He received a gold medal at the Exposition Universelle (1889) in Paris.

He painted marine and peasant themes especially after a trip to the Île de Sein. Because of the state of his Paris studio, he built a new atelier in Le Havre where he died. His works are in museums in France, Amiens, Le Havre, Rouen, Liège and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.

Exposition Universelle (1889)
The Exposition Universelle de 1889 (French pronunciation: [ɛkspozisjɔ̃ ynivɛʁsɛl]), better known in English as the 1889 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 6 May to 31 October 1889. It was the fifth of ten major expositions held in the city between 1855 and 1937. It attracted more than thirty-two million visitors. The most famous structure created for the exposition, and still remaining, is the Eiffel Tower.
Jawad Royen
Jawad Royen (born 16 May 1992) is a Bangladeshi cricketer from Jessore.

Jawad Royen made his List A debut when he captained City Club in their inaugural List A match in the 2021–22 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League on 15 March 2022, in which he was the side's top scorer with 37 not out. On 9 April he won the Player of the Match award when he scored 79 not out to take City Club to a three-wicket victory over Brothers Union off the final ball of the 50th over. He captained City Club throughout their 2021–22 debut tournament; they finished tenth, enabling them to remain in the competition for the following season. He made his first-class debut on 26 October 2022, for Khulna Division in the 2022–23 National Cricket League.

Brothers Union cricket team
Brothers Union cricket team is a Bangladeshi cricket team that plays List A cricket in the Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League.

When the Brothers Union organisation was founded in Dacca in 1949, it concentrated on cultural activities. Sport came later, most prominently in the form of Brothers Union football team and the cricket team. The cricket club is one of the oldest extant in Bangladesh, having competed since 1973, when it was one of the clubs that played in the Dacca Metropolis Knockout Tournament.
Nizhnyaya Tyulma
Nizhnyaya Tyulma (Russian: Нижняя Тюльма; Bashkir: Түбәнге Төлмәй, Tübänge Tölmäy) is a rural locality (a village) in Inzersky Selsoviet, Beloretsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 65 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Beloretsky District
Beloretsky District (Russian: Белоре́цкий райо́н; Bashkir: Белорет районы, Beloret rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic and borders with Chelyabinsk Oblast in the north, Uchalinsky District in the east, Abzelilovsky District in the southeast, Burzyansky District in the south, Ishimbaysky District in the southwest, and with Gafuriysky and Arkhangelsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 11,302.58 square kilometers (4,363.95 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Beloretsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 38,442.
Jäger Report
The Jäger Report, also Jaeger Report (full title: Complete tabulation of executions carried out in the Einsatzkommando 3 zone up to December 1, 1941) was written on 1 December 1941 by Karl Jäger, commander of Einsatzkommando 3 (EK 3), a death squad of Einsatzgruppe A attached to Army Group North in the Operation Barbarossa. It is the most detailed and precise surviving chronicle of the activities of one individual Einsatzkommando, and a key record documenting the Holocaust in Lithuania as well as in Latvia and Belarus.

Army Group North
Army Group North (German: Heeresgruppe Nord) was the name of three separate army groups of the Wehrmacht during World War II. Its rear area operations were organized by the Army Group North Rear Area.

The first Army Group North was deployed during the invasion of Poland and subsequently renamed Army Group B. The second Army Group North was created on 22 June 1941 from the former Army Group C and used in the northern sector of the Eastern Front from 1941 to January 1945. By then, this second Army Group North had gotten trapped in the Courland Pocket and was accordingly redesignated Army Group Courland. On the same day, the former Army Group Center, which was now defending the northernmost sector of the contiguous Eastern Front, was renamed Army Group North, assuming the status of the third and final iteration of the army group.
Brokpa, Drokpa, Dard and Shin
Brokpa, Drokpa, Dard and Shin is a category of Scheduled Tribes under the Indian constitution.

The category contains tribes who speak Dardic languages. In the Indian-administered Kashmir region, these tribes are mostly found in the Kargil and Baramulla districts and few of them are found in Leh. They are predominantly Muslim and a few are Buddhists and Hindus.

In the Census of India, the demographic numbers of the "Brokpa, Drokpa, Dard, and Shin" Tribes are added together. Dards is the collective name for this group. Following are the Tribes under the category:

In Baramullah 
Dards of Baramulla, they are known as Shina people.

In Ladakh
The Dards of Drass valley. They are known as Shina people.
Brokpa, the Dards of Dha hanu region, they are known as Minaro people.

Dras
Dras (also spelt Drass, ISO transliteration: Drās), also known locally as Himababs, Hembabs, or Humas, is a town and hill station in Kargil district of the union territory of Ladakh in India. It is on the NH 1 between Zoji La pass and Kargil town. A tourist hub for its high-altitude trekking routes and tourist sites, it is often called "The Gateway to Ladakh". The government's official spelling of the town's name is "Drass".
Allobates insperatus
Allobates insperatus is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is endemic to Amazonian slopes of eastern Ecuador; its range, however, extends to near the Colombian border and it may occur in that country too.

Aromobatidae
The Aromobatidae are a family of frogs native to Central and South America. They are sometimes referred to as cryptic forest frogs or cryptic poison frogs. They are the sister taxon of the Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs, but are not as toxic as most dendrobatids are.
Vigil (space mission)
Vigil, formerly known as Lagrange, is a future space weather mission under development by the European Space Agency (ESA). The mission will provide the ESA Space Weather Office with instruments able to monitor the Sun, its solar corona, and interplanetary medium between the Sun and Earth, to provide early warnings of increased solar activity, to identify and mitigate potential threats to society and infrastructure, as well as to allow 4 to 5 days space weather forecasts. To this purpose the Vigil mission will place for the first time a spacecraft at Sun-Earth Lagrange point 5 (L5) from where it would get a 'side' view of the Sun, observing regions of solar activity on the solar surface before they turn and face Earth.

Interplanetary medium
The interplanetary medium (IPM) or interplanetary space consists of the mass and energy which fills the Solar System, and through which all the larger Solar System bodies, such as planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, and comets, move. The IPM stops at the heliopause, outside of which the interstellar medium begins. Before 1950, interplanetary space was widely considered to either be an empty vacuum, or consisting of "aether".
KUHM-TV
KUHM-TV (channel 10) is a PBS member television station in Helena, Montana, United States. Owned by Montana State University (MSU), it is operated as part of the Montana PBS state network, a joint venture with the University of Montana (UM). KUHM-TV's transmitter is located on Hogback Mountain; master control and internal operations are based at the network's headquarters in the Visual Communications Building on the MSU campus in Bozeman.

University of Montana
The University of Montana (UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana, United States. UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus. Fall 2024 saw total enrollment hit 10,811, marking the highest total enrollment for UM since 2018.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" as of 2022.

Alumni include 11 Truman Scholars, 14 Goldwater Scholars, and 40 Udall Scholars. One alumnus, Harold Urey, has won the Nobel Prize.
Jim Dickson (baseball)
James Edward Dickson (April 20, 1938 – September 9, 2025) was an American professional baseball player, primarily a relief pitcher, who appeared in 109 games in Major League Baseball for the Houston Colt .45s, Cincinnati Reds and Kansas City Athletics over all or parts of four seasons from 1963 to 1966. Born in Portland, Oregon, he threw right-handed, batted left-handed, and was listed as 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) tall and 185 pounds (84 kg). He attended Clark College and the University of Oregon.

Clark College
Clark College is a public community college in Vancouver, Washington. With 11,500 students, Clark College is the largest institution of higher education in southwest Washington. Founded in 1933 as a private junior college, Clark College received its first accreditation in 1937 and has been accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities since 1948. It was incorporated into the statewide community college system in 1967.
A Fool There Was (1922 film)
A Fool There Was is a 1922 American drama film directed by Emmett J. Flynn and written by Bernard McConville. It is based on the 1909 play A Fool There Was by Porter Emerson Browne. The film stars Estelle Taylor, Lewis Stone, Irene Rich, Muriel Frances Dana, Marjorie Daw and Mahlon Hamilton. It was released on June 18, 1922, by Fox Film Corporation and is considered a lost film.

Bernard McConville
Lee Bernard McConville (October 16, 1887 – December 27, 1961) was an American screenwriter. He wrote for more than 90 films between 1915 and 1946. He was born in Denver, Colorado and died in Los Angeles County, California. He married actress Louise Owen in 1917. He died in 1961, at the age of 74.
Cassville Ranger Station Historic District
Cassville Ranger Station Historic District is a national historic district near Cassville, Barry County, Missouri. It encompasses five frame and limestone buildings constructed by Civilian Conservation Corps in 1936:

Colonial Revival style Ranger's Office

Colonial Revival style Ranger's Dwelling

Garage

Warehouse

Oil house

The site also has two stone carvings.  It continues to be used as a ranger station for the Mark Twain National Forest. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Barry County, Missouri
Barry County is a county located in the southwest portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 34,534. Its county seat is Cassville. The county was organized in 1835 and named after William Taylor Barry, a U.S. Postmaster General from Kentucky. The town of Barry, also named after the postmaster-general, was located just north of Kansas City, not in Barry County.
Ludwinów, Wieruszów County
Ludwinów [ludˈvinuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łubnice, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north of Łubnice, 16 km (10 mi) south-east of Wieruszów, and 106 km (66 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieruszów
Wieruszów ([vjɛˈruʂuf]) is a town in south-central Poland with 8,446 inhabitants (2020). Situated in the southwestern part of Łódź Voivodeship, it is the seat of the Gmina Wieruszów and Wieruszów County. Wieruszów is located in the historical Wieluń Land. The town is situated along the Prosna river.
I Live with Models
I Live with Models is a British television sitcom created by Jon Foster and James Lamont, which originally aired on Comedy Central UK from 23 February 2015. In March 2016 Comedy Central announced that they had ordered a second series, consisting of eight more episodes to be filmed and broadcast later that year.

Comedy Central (UK & Ireland)
Comedy Central is a pay television channel in the United Kingdom and Ireland that features original and syndicated comedy programming. The local variant of the Comedy Central channel in the United States, it launched as The Paramount Channel in 1995, later rebranding as the Paramount Comedy Channel in 1997, Paramount Comedy in 2002 and Paramount Comedy 1 in 2005 before adopting its current name on 6 April 2009.
Howard James Banker
Howard James Banker (April 19, 1866 in Schaghticoke, New York – November 13, 1940) was an American mycologist. He received his PhD from Columbia University in 1908. Banker was an associate editor of the journal Mycologia starting from its establishment in 1909, until it became the official publication of the Mycological Society of America in 1933. He published several papers in the journal, including a revision of the North American Hydnaceae, which discussed 62 species in 10 genera. Banker died at his home in Huntington, New York, in 1940. The genus Bankera is named after him.

Mycologia
Mycologia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes papers on all aspects of the fungi, including lichens. It first appeared as a bimonthly journal in January 1909, published by the New York Botanical Garden under the editorship of William Murrill. It became the official journal of the Mycological Society of America, which still publishes it today. It was formed as a merger of the Journal of Mycology (14 volumes; 1885–1908) and the Mycological Bulletin (7 volumes; 1903–1908). The Mycological Bulletin was known as the Ohio Mycological Bulletin in its first volume.
Yun Kōga
Risa Kimura (木村 理沙, Kimura Risa; born July 9, 1965), better known by her pen name Yun Kōga (高河 ゆん, Kōga Yun) is a Japanese manga artist. She is married to fellow manga artist Tatsuneko, from whom he took the name of Risa Yamada (山田 理沙, Yamada Risa). She is a graduate of Mita Senior High School, Tokyo. She currently lives in Setagaya, Tokyo with her husband and daughter.

Setagaya
Setagaya (世田谷区, Setagaya-ku; officially called Setagaya City or the City of Setagaya) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. It is also the name of a neighborhood and administrative district within the ward. Its official bird is the azure-winged magpie, its flower is the fringed orchid, and its tree is the Zelkova serrata.

Setagaya has the largest population and second-largest area (after Ōta) of Tokyo's special wards. As of July 1, 2023, the ward has an estimated population of 940,071, and a population density of 16,194 persons per km2 with the total area of 58.06 km2.
Pavlo Krutous
Pavlo Krutous (born 9 April 1992) is a Ukrainian basketball player for Club Melilla Baloncesto of the Spanish Primera FEB. He has also represented the Ukrainian national team, with which he participated in the EuroBasket 2015.

After playing for several Ukrainian basketball clubs, including BC Budivelnyk, BC Kyiv and Kyiv-Basket, he joined SCMU Craiova of the Romanian Liga Națională in 2023. In August 2024, he signed for Club Melilla Baloncesto of the Spanish Primera FEB, the second tier of Spanish basketball.

BC Budivelnyk
BC Budivelnyk Kyiv (in Ukrainian: Будівельник Київ) is a Ukrainian professional basketball club based in Kyiv. The club plays in the Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague. In June 2018, it was forced to withdraw from the Superleague due to open debts. Two years later, the club returned its activities. The club holds a record eleven Ukrainian championships and three Ukrainian Cups, as well as a Soviet championship (1989).

Budivelnyk is owned and operated by the banking and investing company PrivatBank.
Cow lung
Cow lung is a type of offal used in various cuisines and also as a source for pulmonary surfactants. In Peru it is known as bofe, and in Nigeria as Fùkù. In Indonesia, Paru goreng (fried cow lung) is a popular type of Padang food, and Nasi kuning can be made with cow lung. In Bangladesh it's called Fapsha. Cow lung features in some Jewish cuisine, such as Viennese Kalbsbeuschel, which uses veal lung.

In the medical field, animal derived surfactants include Beractants Alveofact extracted from cow lung lavage fluid and Survanta extracted from minced cow lung with additional DPPC, palmitic acid and tripalmitin.

Defibrotide is a deoxyribonucleic acid derivative (single-stranded) derived from cow lung.

Beractant
Beractant, also known by the trade name of Survanta, is a modified bovine pulmonary surfactant containing bovine lung extract (phospholipids, neutral lipids, fatty acids, and bovine surfactant proteins), to which synthetic DPPC, tripalmitin and palmitic acid are added. The composition provides 25 mg/mL phospholipids, 0.5 to 1.75 mg/mL triglycerides, 1.4 to 3.5 mg/mL free fatty acids, and <1.0 mg/mL total surfactant proteins.  As an intratracheal suspension, it can be used for the prevention and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Survanta is manufactured by Abbvie.

Beractant is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Calliandra angustifolia
Calliandra angustifolia is a small, riparian tree species of the Amazon Basin.

The plant has many common names, including bobinsana (alternately, bobinzana, bobensana, or bubinsana), balata, bubinianal, bushiglla, capabo, chipero, cigana, koprupi, kori-sacha, kuanti, neweí, quinilla blanca, semein, sháwi, yacu yutzu, and yopoyo.

The Shipibo-Conibo people of the Peruvian Amazon prepare a medicinal tincture from the bark of the tree, which they use to treat rheumatism and other ailments.

Rheumatism
Rheumatism /ˈruːmətɪzəm/ (from the Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα, rheûma) or rheumatic disorders are conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints or connective tissue. Rheumatism does not designate any specific disorder, but covers at least 200 different conditions, including arthritis and  "non-articular rheumatism", also known as "regional pain syndrome" or "soft tissue rheumatism". There is a close overlap between the term soft tissue disorder and rheumatism. Sometimes the term "soft tissue rheumatic disorders" is used to describe these conditions.

The term "Rheumatic Diseases" is used in MeSH to refer to connective tissue disorders. The branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatism is called rheumatology.
Joannesia princeps
Joannesia princeps, the arara nut-tree or andá-açu, is a species of moderate-sized tree in the family Euphorbiaceae, with a spreading canopy, large alternate and long petioled leaves, and coarse branches. Flowers are monoecious, and fruit is a large drupe. It is endemic to east Minas Gerais, north Espírito Santo to the south of Bahia, Brazil, and threatened by habitat loss.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Strumigenys formosensis
Strumigenys formosensis is a species of ant endemic to Taiwan. It is widely distributed within the island at low and middle elevations.

It can be distinguished from other Strumigenys ants found on Taiwan by the sickle-shaped mandibles, clypeus with concave anterior margin and numerous short, broad hairs on the head.

Clypeus
The clypeus is one of the sclerites that make up the face of an arthropod. In insects, the clypeus delimits the lower margin of the face, with the labrum articulated along the ventral margin of the clypeus. The mandibles bracket the labrum, but do not touch the clypeus. The dorsal margin of the clypeus is below the antennal sockets. The clypeus is often well-defined by sulci ("grooves") along its lateral and dorsal margins, and is most commonly rectangular or trapezoidal in overall shape.

The post-clypeus is a large nose-like structure that lies between the eyes and makes up much of the front of the head in cicadas.

In spiders, the clypeus is generally the area between the anterior edge of the carapace and the anterior eyes.
Ylihärmä
Ylihärmä is a former municipality of Finland. It was consolidated, together with Alahärmä and Kortesjärvi, to Kauhava on 1 January 2009.

It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the South Ostrobothnia region. The municipality had a population of 2,916 (as of 31 December 2008) and covered a land area of 151.70 square kilometres (58.57 sq mi). The population density was 19.22 inhabitants per square kilometre (49.8/sq mi).

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

Western Finland Province
Western Finland (Finnish: Länsi-Suomen lääni, Swedish: Västra Finlands län) was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Oulu, Eastern Finland and Southern Finland. It also bordered the Gulf of Bothnia towards Åland. Tampere was the largest city of the province.
Punta Sabbioni
Punta Sabbioni is a hamlet (frazione) in the municipality of Cavallino-Treporti, near Venice, Italy.  It is located at the southern end of Cavallino, a peninsula which separates the Venetian Lagoon from the Adriatic Sea. Punta Sabbioni is approximately 10 km away from Venice by boat. There is Actv ferry service between Punta Sabboni and Venice, as well as ferry service to Lido.

Landmarks include a lighthouse, Faro di Punta Sabbioni, which was constructed between 1882 and completed in 1910.

Venice Lido
The Lido, or Venice Lido (Italian: Lido di Venezia), is an 11-kilometre-long (7-mile) barrier island  in the Venetian Lagoon, Northern Italy; it is home to about 20,400 residents.  The Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido in late August/early September.
Dr. Pavithran
Dr. Pavithran is an Indian film scriptwriter and lyricist who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema. He has been the scriptwriter for more than 50 films. He has also written around 50 songs for 12 Malayalam films.

Lyricist
A lyricist is a writer who writes lyrics (the spoken words), as opposed to a composer, who writes the song's music which may include (but is not limited to) the melody, harmony, arrangement and accompaniment.