hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pagladiya River
The Pagladiya River is a northern bank tributary of the Brahmaputra River in the Indian state of Assam. The Pagladiya River originates in the Bhutan hills and flows through Baksa District and Nalbari district before its confluence with the Brahmaputra River. Pagladiya River is perennial, very shallow, and is characteristically known for flash floods and high discharge rates.

Nalbari district
Nalbari district (Pron: nɔ:lˈbɑ:ri) is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. The district headquarters is located at Nalbari. The district derives its name from the combination of two words, "Nal" and "Bar."

It is situated in the lower region of the Brahmaputra Valley and shares its borders with Baksa, Kamrup, Bajali, Barpeta, and Tamulpur districts.
Jean-François Humbert
Jean-François Humbert (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ fʁɑ̃swa œ̃bɛʁ]; 17 October 1952 – 19 November 2025) was a French politician who was a member of the Senate of France. He represented the Doubs department and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) Party.

In the 2004 Franche-Comté regional election, he solicited reelection as President of Franche-Comté but was defeated by Socialist Raymond Forni.

In the 2008 French Senate election he was narrowly reelected as Senator.

On 17 October 2009, he announced that he would challenge Socialist President Marie-Marguerite Dufay and UMP candidate Alain Joyandet in the 2010 Franche-Comté regional election. Nine days later, he resigned the Presidency of UMP Group in the Regional Council.

Humbert died on 19 November 2025, at the age of 73.

2008 French Senate election
Indirect Senate elections were held for 114 of the 343 seats in the French Senate on 21 September 2008. With this election, the number of senators was increased from 331 to 343; Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin elected two senators each for the first time. Furthermore, this election was the last to be held under the old system: prior to this election, senators were elected in three classes for nine-year terms. Under the new system instituted in 2011, senators are elected for six-year terms in two classes.
Olivais, Lisbon
Olivais (Portuguese pronunciation: [oliˈvajʃ]) is a freguesia (civil parish) and traditional quarter of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. It is situated in the eastern part of the city, bordered by Parque das Nações to the east, Marvila and Alvalade to the south, and Lumiar and Santa Clara to the west. As of the 2021 census, it had a population of 32,179.

Quarter (urban subdivision)
A quarter is a section of an urban settlement. A quarter can be administratively defined and its borders officially designated, and it may have its own administrative structure (subordinate to that of the city, town or other urban area). Such a division is particularly common in countries like Bulgaria (Bulgarian: квартал, romanized: kvartal), Croatia (četvrt), France (Quartier), Georgia (კვარტალი, k'vart'ali),  Italy (Quartiere), Romania (Cartier), and Serbia (четврт / četvrt). It may be denoted as a borough (in English-speaking countries), Portugal/Brazil (bairro), Spain (barrio); or some other term (e.g. Cambodia (សង្កាត់ sangkat), Germany (Stadtteil), and Poland (dzielnica)).

Quarter can also refer to a non-administrative but distinct neighbourhood with its own character: for example, a slum quarter. It is often used for a district connected with a particular group of people: for instance, some cities are said to have Jewish quarters, diplomatic quarters or Bohemian quarters.
Frank Dascoli
Frank Dascoli (December 26, 1913 – August 11, 1990) was an American professional baseball umpire who worked in the National League from 1948 to 1961. Dascoli umpired 2,056 major league games in his 14-year career. He umpired in three World Series (1953, 1955 and 1959) and two All-Star Games (1951 and 1957).

1951 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 1951 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 18th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 10, 1951, at Briggs Stadium in Detroit, Michigan the home of the Detroit Tigers of the American League. The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 8–3.
Tor André Skimmeland Aasheim
Tor André Skimmeland Aasheim (born 3 March 1996) is a Norwegian footballer who plays as a winger for Stord IL. He hails from Stord Municipality, and played youth football for IL Solid and Djerv 1919. He also played for every Norway national youth team from under-15 to under-19 level.

Viking FK
Viking Fotballklubb, commonly known as Viking or Viking Stavanger internationally, is a Norwegian professional football club from the city of Stavanger. The club was founded in 1899. It is one of the most successful clubs in Norwegian football, having won 9 Norwegian top division titles, most recently in 2025, and 6 domestic Norwegian Cup titles, most recently in 2019. The club has played more top-flight league games than any other club in Norway. It has played in the top division since the league was established, except for the years 1966–67, 1987–88 and 2018. Notable European successes include knocking English side Chelsea out of the UEFA Cup during the 2002–03 season, knocking out Sporting CP from the same tournament in 1999–2000, and qualifying for the group stages of the 2005–06 UEFA Cup.
The Blood of the Redeemer
The Blood of the Redeemer is a tempera-on-panel painting executed ca. 1460–1465 by the Italian Renaissance artist Giovanni Bellini. It is now in the National Gallery, London.

It shows a young Christ holding his cross and an angel collecting the blood from the wound in his side in a chalice similar to that used at mass. This indicates that the work was perhaps originally used as the door to a church tabernacle. There were other angels behind Christ, but these were later painted out with clouds for unknown reasons. In the background are two bas reliefs in ancient Roman style, whose imagery may relate to the painting's themes and meanings.

Panel painting
A panel painting is a painting made on a flat panel of wood, either a single piece or a number of pieces joined together. Until canvas became the more popular support medium in the 16th century, panel painting was the normal method, when not painting directly onto a wall (fresco) or on vellum (used for miniatures in illuminated manuscripts). Wood panels were also used for mounting vellum paintings.
Carlo Rota
Carlo Dante Rota (born 17 April 1961) is a British-Canadian actor. He is known to television audiences for his roles as Yasir Hamoudi on Little Mosque on the Prairie (2007–12), systems analyst Morris O'Brian on 24 (2006–09), and Emilio Solano in Jane the Virgin (2014–15). He is a Gemini Award nominee.

British Canadians
British Canadians are Canadians who were either born in or can trace their ancestry to the British Isles, which includes the nations of England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

The term British Canadian is a subgroup of European Canadians and, according to Statistics Canada, can further be divided by nationality, such as English Canadian, Irish Canadian, or Scottish Canadian.

As of 2016, 11,211,850 Canadians had British Isles geographical origins, constituting 32.5% of the total Canadian population and 44.6% of the total European Canadian population. However, this number is likely an undercount due to the "Canadian" ethnic origin category on the census being the sole choice for many Canadians of British Isles descent who are several generations removed from their country of origin.
Anomiopus ataenioides
Anomiopus ataenioides is a species of true dung beetle that is endemic to northern Argentina, and is known from Salta, Jujuy, Tucumán and Corrientes provinces. It is believed to share ant colony nests (myrmecophile).

Scarabaeinae
The scarab beetle subfamily Scarabaeinae consists of species collectively called true dung beetles (there are also dung beetles in other subfamilies and families). Most of the beetles of this subfamily feed exclusively on dung. However, some may feed on decomposing matter including carrion, decaying fruits and fungi. Dung beetles can be placed into three structural guilds based on their method of dung processing namely rollers (telecoprids), dwellers (endocoprids) and tunnelers (paracoprids). Dung removal and burial by dung beetles result in ecological benefits such as soil aeration and fertilization; improved nutrient cycling and uptake by plants, increase in pasture quality, biological control of pest flies and intestinal parasites and secondary seed dispersal. Well-known members include the genera Scarabaeus and Sisyphus, and Phanaeus vindex.
1st federal electoral district of Coahuila
The 1st federal electoral district of Coahuila (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 01 de Coahuila) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of eight such districts in the state of Coahuila.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first past the post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.

The current member for the district, re-elected in the 2024 general election, is Brígido Ramiro Moreno Hernández of the Labour Party (PT).

Acuña Municipality
Acuña is one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Ciudad Acuña, which contained over 98% of the municipality's population in 2010. The municipality covers an area of 11,487.7 km2 and is located on the international border between Mexico and the USA, here formed by the Río Bravo del Norte (Rio Grande), adjacent to the U.S. state of Texas.

In 2015, the municipality had a total population of 181,426 inhabitants. Acuña is currently the fastest growing city in Mexico.
1985 Nabisco Dinah Shore
The 1985 Nabisco Dinah Shore was a women's professional golf tournament, held April 4–7 at Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California. This was the 14th edition of the Nabisco Dinah Shore, and the third as a major championship.

Alice Miller shot a final round 67 (−5) to win her only major title, three strokes ahead of runner-up Jan Stephenson. Summer-like conditions prevailed, the temperature on Sunday afternoon was 95 °F (35 °C). On Saturday, Miller sank a forty-foot (12 m) birdie putt on the 18th green to end the third round with a one stroke lead over Patty Sheehan and Judy Clark.

Defending champion Juli Inkster was at even par, tied for 18th place.

Rancho Mirage, California
Rancho Mirage is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The city is a low-density desert community with resorts, golf courses, and country clubs within the Colorado Desert section of the Sonoran Desert. Nestled along the foothills of the Santa Rosa Mountains in the south, it is located several minutes east of Palm Springs. The city is adjacent to Cathedral City, Palm Desert, and unincorporated Thousand Palms. The population was 16,999 at the 2020 census, down from 17,218 at the 2010 census, though the seasonal population can exceed 20,000. Incorporated in 1973, Rancho Mirage is one of the nine cities of the Coachella Valley.

The city has been nicknamed "Playground of the Presidents" and "Golf Capital of the World". The city has hosted and currently hosts a variety of golf and tennis tournaments, including the Ryder Cup, Desert Classic (PGA Tour), Davis Cup, and the LPGA Tour (Chevron Championship).
Themista of Lampsacus
Themista of Lampsacus (Greek: Θεμίστη), the wife of Leonteus, was a student of Epicurus, early in the 3rd century BC. Epicurus' school was unusual in the 3rd century, in that it welcomed women to attend, and we also hear of Leontion attending Epicurus' school around the same time. Cicero ridicules Epicurus for writing "countless volumes in praise of Themista," instead of men he deemed more worthy, such as Miltiades, Themistocles or Epaminondas. Themista and Leonteus named their son Epicurus.

At the time, Epicurus's school was seen as unusual for admitting women and slaves. Due to the scandalous nature of women being allowed to philosophize with men, the other philosopher's schools spent a bit of time attempting to discredit the school. Themista of Lampsacus, along with her contemporaries such as Leontion, were most likely called courtesans as a form of slander against the school itself, not because they were actually sex workers.

Lampsacus
Lampsacus (/ˈlæmsəkəs/; Ancient Greek: Λάμψακος, romanized: Lampsakos) was an ancient Greek city located in modern day Turkey, strategically situated on the eastern side of the Hellespont in the northern Troad. An inhabitant of Lampsacus was called a Lampsacene. The name has been transmitted in the nearby modern town of Lapseki.
Pimpama & Ormeau War Memorial
Pimpama & Ormeau War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Pacific Highway, Pimpama, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1919. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Memorial
A memorial is an object or place which serves as a focus for the memory or the commemoration of something, usually an influential, deceased person or a historical, tragic event. Popular forms of memorials include landmark objects such as homes or other sites, or works of art such as sculptures, statues, fountains or parks. Larger memorials may be known as monuments.
Flemming Hansen (politician)
Flemming Hansen (9 August 1939 – 30 April 2021) was a Danish politician representing the Conservative People's Party. He was in parliament from 10 January 1984 to 13 November 2007.

Born in Copenhagen, he was a member of parliament (Folketing) from 1984 and was the Minister of Traffic from 27 November 2001 to 12 September 2007, Minister of Nordic Co-operation from 18 June 2002 to 18 February 2005, and Minister of Energy from 18 February 2005 to 12 September 2007.

He owned shoe shops in Vejle, Fredericia, and Horsens.

Minister for Nordic Cooperation (Denmark)
The Minister of Nordic Cooperation (Danish: Minister for Nordisk Samarbejde; prev. Minister of Nordic Affairs (Danish: Minister for Nordiske Anliggender)) is a cabinet minister within the Danish Government appointed by the Prime Minister of Denmark.

The minister is responsible for issues regarding Nordic affairs, trade and development. The current Minister for Nordic Cooperation is Morten Dahlin, appointed on 23 November 2023.
McGill University School of Computer Science
The School of Computer Science is an academic department in the Faculty of Science at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The School is the second most funded computer science department in Canada. As of 2024, it has 46 faculty members, 60 Ph.D. students and 100 Master's students.

Faculty (division)
A faculty or academic division is an academic and administrative unit within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In North America, academic divisions are sometimes titled colleges, schools, or departments, with universities occasionally using a mixture of terminology, e.g., Harvard University has a Faculty of Arts and Sciences and a Law School.
Kynurenic acid
Kynurenic acid (KYNA or KYN) is a product of the normal metabolism of amino acid L-tryptophan. It has been shown that kynurenic acid possesses neuroactive activity. It acts as an antiexcitotoxic and anticonvulsant, most likely through acting as an antagonist at excitatory amino acid receptors. Because of this activity, it may influence important neurophysiological and neuropathological processes. As a result, kynurenic acid has been considered for use in therapy in certain neurobiological disorders. Conversely, increased levels of kynurenic acid have also been linked to certain pathological conditions.

Kynurenic acid was discovered in 1853 by the German chemist Justus von Liebig in dog urine, which it was apparently named after.

It is formed from L-kynurenine in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme kynurenine—oxoglutarate transaminase.

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.
Gert Jan Timmerman
Gert Jan Timmerman (born 15 April 1956) is a Dutch chess player, most famous for being the fifteenth ICCF World Champion in correspondence chess, 1996–2002.
Before becoming the fifteenth World Correspondence Champion, Timmerman won Final B of the 5th World Cup between 1987 and 1994.

He tied for second place behind Mikhail Umansky in a "champion of champions" tournament, the ICCF 50 Years World Champion Jubilee. This was a special invitational correspondence tournament involving all living former ICCF World Champions.

Correspondence chess
Correspondence chess is chess played by various forms of long-distance correspondence, traditionally through the postal system. Today it is usually played through a correspondence chess server, a public internet chess forum, or email. Less common methods that have been employed include fax, homing pigeon and phone. It is in contrast to over-the-board (OTB) chess, where the players sit at a physical chessboard at the same time; and most online chess, where the players play each other in real time over the internet. However, correspondence chess can also be played online.

Correspondence chess allows people or clubs who are geographically distant to play one another without meeting in person. The length of a game played by correspondence can vary depending on the method used to transmit moves: a game played via a server or by email might last no more than a few days, weeks, or months; a game played by post between players in different countries might last several years.
Diocese of Truro
The Diocese of Truro (established 1876) is a Church of England diocese in the Province of Canterbury which covers Cornwall, the Isles of Scilly and a small part of Devon. The bishop's seat is at Truro Cathedral.

Province of Canterbury
The Province of Canterbury, or less formally the Southern Province, is one of two ecclesiastical provinces which constitute the Church of England. The other is the Province of York (which consists of 12 dioceses).
Fallacies of illicit transference
A fallacy of illicit transference is an informal fallacy occurring when an argument assumes there is no difference between a term in the distributive (referring to every member of a class) and collective (referring to the class itself as a whole) sense.

There are two variations of this fallacy:

Fallacy of composition – assumes what is true of the parts is true of the whole. This fallacy is also known as "arguing from the specific to the general."

Since Judy is so diligent in the workplace, this entire company must have an amazing work ethic.

Fallacy of division – assumes what is true of the whole is true of its parts (or some subset of parts). In statistics, forms of it are usually referred to as the ecological fallacy.

Because this company is so corrupt, so must every employee within it be corrupt.

While fallacious, arguments that make these assumptions may be persuasive because of the representativeness heuristic.

Fallacy of division
The fallacy of division is an informal fallacy that occurs when one reasons that something that is true for a whole must also be true of all or some of its parts.

An example:

The second grade in Jefferson Elementary eats a lot of ice cream

Carlos is a second-grader in Jefferson Elementary

Therefore, Carlos eats a lot of ice cream

The converse of this fallacy is the fallacy of composition, which arises when one fallaciously attributes a property of some part of a thing to the thing as a whole.

If a system as a whole has some property that none of its constituents has (or perhaps, it has it but not as a result of some constituents having that property), this is sometimes called an emergent property of the system.

The term mereological fallacy refers to approximately the same incorrect inference that properties of a whole are also properties of its parts.
Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Chérif
Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Sherif, also known as Ahmed Bey or Hadj Ahmed Bey (Arabic: الحاج أحمد باي) (c. 1784 – c. 1850) was the last bey of Constantine in the Regency of Algiers, ruling from 1826 to 1848. He was the successor of Mohamed Menamenni Bey ben Khan. As head of state, he led the local population in a fierce resistance to the French occupation forces. With the position vacant, in 1833 he adopted the title of leader of Algeria, and dey in exile, although this was not recognized by any other country. In 1837 Constantine was taken by the French after an intense siege. He retreated into the Aurès Mountains from where he continued to wage a low-intensity conflict with tribes still loyal to him, until he capitulated in 1848.

Low-intensity conflict
A low-intensity conflict (LIC) is a military conflict, usually localised, between two or more state or non-state groups which is below the intensity of conventional war. It involves the state's use of military forces applied selectively and with restraint to enforce compliance with its policies or objectives.

The term can be used to describe conflicts where at least one or both of the opposing parties operate along such lines.
William Butler (New Zealand politician)
William Butler (1814 – 4 March 1875) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament in Auckland, New Zealand.

Butler was born in England in 1814 and went to sea at a young age. By age 24, he was commander of a sailing ship that traded with Australia. He traded and was a whaler. He settled in Mangonui (then spelled Mongonui) in Northland, New Zealand and his children were born there from 1841.

He represented the Mongonui electorate from 1861 to 1866, when he retired.

Butler died on 4 March 1875.

1860–1861 New Zealand general election
The 1860–1861 New Zealand general election was held between 12 December 1860 and 28 March 1861 to elect 53 MPs to the third session of the New Zealand Parliament. 13,196 electors were registered.

1860 was the year gold miners who held a Miner's Right continuously for at least three months were able to vote without having to own, lease or rent property.
Croatia–Norway relations
Croatia–Norway relations are foreign relations between Croatia and Norway. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1992.  Croatia has an embassy in Oslo.  Norway has an embassy in Zagreb and an honorary consulate in Rijeka.

Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and NATO.

Pula Airport
Pula Airport (Croatian: Zračna luka Pula; Italian: Aeroporto di Pola; IATA: PUY, ICAO: LDPL) is the international airport serving the city of Pula, in northwestern Croatia, and is located 6 km from the city centre. It served 777,568 passengers in 2019. The airport is designated as the alternative airport for parts of Slovenia. It serves as a major access point to the city of Pula-Pola, as well as most of Istria, most notably Brijuni-Brioni national park. It is the fifth busiest airport in Croatia.