hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arbutus canariensis
Arbutus canariensis, known in Spanish as madroño canario; in English as Canary Islands strawberry tree, is a species of shrub or tree in the heath family. It is endemic to the Canary Islands of Spain, specifically Tenerife, La Gomera, Gran Canaria, El Hierro, and La Palma.  It is threatened by habitat loss.

El Hierro
El Hierro (pronounced [el ˈʝero] ⓘ; lit. 'The Iron'), nicknamed Isla del Meridiano (pronounced [ˈizla ðel meɾiˈðjano]; lit. 'Meridian Island'), is the southernmost and westernmost of the Canary Islands (an autonomous community of Spain), in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa, with a population of 11,659 (2023). Its capital is Valverde. At 268.51 square kilometres (103.67 sq mi), it is the second-smallest of the eight inhabited islands of the Canaries, with La Graciosa being the smallest.
Alexandria Library sit-in
The Alexandria Library sit-in was one of the first staged sit-in actions in the United States, pioneering the use of nonviolent direct action to demand equal rights for African Americans. On August 21, 1939, five Black men sat down inside the Alexandria Public Library and quietly read books, a transgression of the library's "whites only" policy. Their actions were coordinated by Alexandria attorney Samuel Wilbert Tucker, who planned the action to create a test case challenging the library's racial segregation policy. The men were escorted out of the library by police and charged with disorderly conduct. At a bench trial, a judge declined to make a ruling in the case. In October 2019, all charges against the men were formally dismissed. The Alexandria sit-in is one of the earliest precursors in the U.S. of the strategies used during the civil rights movement.

Direct action
Direct action is a form of activism in which participants use economic power or political power to achieve their goals. The aim of direct action is to either obstruct a certain practice such as a government's laws or actions or to draw attention to and create a dialogue in order to solve perceived problems.

Direct action may include activities, that can be either violent or nonviolent, targeting people, groups, institutions, actions, or property that its participants deem objectionable. Violent direct action may include political violence, assault, arson, sabotage, and property destruction. Nonviolent direct action may include peaceful demonstrations, civil disobedience, sit-ins, strikes, and counter-economics.
Pasir Bedamar
Pasir Bedamar is a state constituency in Perak, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Perak State Legislative Assembly.

This constituency mandated to return a single member to the Perak State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.

Perak State Legislative Assembly
The Perak State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Perak) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Perak. It is composed of 59 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, along with elections to the federal parliament and other state assemblies.

The Assembly convenes at the Bangunan Perak Darul Ridzuan in the state capital, Ipoh. At 59 seats, it is the largest state assembly among the 11 legislatures of the States of Malaya.
Nucular
Nucular is a common, proscribed pronunciation of the word "nuclear". It is a rough phonetic spelling of /ˈnjuːkjələr/. The Oxford English Dictionary's entry dates the word's first published appearance to 1943.

Eye dialect
Eye dialect is a writer's use of deliberately nonstandard spelling either because they do not consider the standard spelling a good reflection of the pronunciation or because they are intending to portray informal or low-status language usage. The term was coined by George Philip Krapp to refer to a literary technique that implies the standard pronunciation of a given word that is not well-reflected by its standard spelling, such as wimmin to represent more accurately the typical English pronunciation of women. However, eye dialect is also commonly used to indicate that a character's speech is vernacular (nonstandard), casual, foreign, or uneducated, often to be humorous. This form of nonstandard spelling differs from others in that a difference in spelling does not indicate a difference in pronunciation of a word.  That is, it is a "dialect to the eye", rather than "to the ear".
Alix Wilkinson
Alix Wilkinson (born August 2, 2000) is an American World Cup alpine skier from Mammoth Lakes, California. She focuses on the speed events of downhill and super-G, and made her World Cup debut in December 2019 in downhill at Lake Louise, Canada.

Wilkinson represented the United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics as a replacement for an injured Breezy Johnson.

Super-G
Super giant slalom, or super-G, is a racing discipline of alpine skiing. Along with the faster downhill, it is regarded as a "speed" event, in contrast to the technical events giant slalom and slalom. It debuted as an official World Cup event during the 1983 season and was added to the official schedule of the World Championships in 1987 and the Winter Olympics in 1988.

Much like downhill, a super-G course consists of widely set gates that racers must pass through. The course is set so that skiers must turn more than in downhill, though the speeds are still much higher than in giant slalom (hence the name). Each athlete only has one run to clock the best time. In the Olympics, super-G courses are usually set on the same slopes as the downhill, but with a lower starting point.
Lion Island, Palmer Archipelago
Lion Island is an island 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) long and 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) wide, lying off the east side of Anvers Island and 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) northeast of Cape Astrup, Wiencke Island, in the Palmer Archipelago off the Antarctic Peninsula.

It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–1899, under Adrien de Gerlache. The name appears on a map based on a 1927 survey by Discovery Investigations personnel on the RRS Discovery. The profile of the island suggests a reclining lion when viewed from the southwest.

Adrien de Gerlache
Baron Adrien Victor Joseph de Gerlache de Gomery FRSGS (French pronunciation: [adʁijɛ̃ viktɔʁ ʒozɛf də ʒɛʁlaʃ də ɡɔmʁi]; 2 August 1866 – 4 December 1934) was a Belgian officer in the Belgian Royal Navy who led the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–99.
Isshin Tasuke
Isshin Tasuke (一心太助; Japanese pronunciation: [iɕ.ɕiꜜn (|) ta.sɯ̥.ke, iꜜɕ.ɕin-]) is a fictional Japanese person. He has appeared in novels and plays, kōdan, television and film jidaigeki and other media. The earliest known appearance was in the work Ōkubo Musashi Abumi.

Brimming with the Japanese values of giri and ninjō, the fishmonger Tasuke is the epitome of the Edokko, the son of Edo. A stock character in works set during the time of the third Tokugawa shogun Iemitsu (who ruled from 1623 to 1651), he collaborates with the veteran samurai Ōkubo Hikozaemon.

Tasuke is so beloved that although fictional, he has a grave at a temple in Minato, Tokyo.

Ōkubo Tadataka
Ōkubo Tadataka (大久保 忠教) or Ōkubo Hikozaemon (大久保 彦左衛門; Japanese pronunciation: [oː.kɯ.bo (|) çi̥.ko.(d)za(ꜜ).e.moɴ], 1560 – 2 April 1639) was a Japanese warrior in the Sengoku and Edo periods. He was the eighth son of Ōkubo Tadakazu, a vassal of the Tokugawa clan. Tadataka wrote the Mikawa Monogatari (三河物語), a work he wrote for his descendants, telling the way a warrior should live, mixed with a chronicle of the accomplishments of the Tokugawa and Ōkubo clans.
Lou Armstrong
Lewis Edward Armstrong (8 February 1885 – 30 August 1926) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Armstrong started his career at West Melbourne and in 1906 was a member of their only Victorian Football Association (VFA) premiership. They merged with North Melbourne in 1907 and in 1908 he joined Essendon. Although built like a rover, he often played as a key position forward. He topped their goalkicking in 1911 with 35 goals and played in their premiership that year as well as the following season. During the 1914 season he transferred to back to the VFA where he played for Essendon Association.

Essendon Association Football Club
Essendon (Association) Football Club (often shortened to Essendon 'A') was an Australian rules football club which played in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) from 1900 until 1921. The Dreadnoughts wore black and red, and played their home games at the Essendon Recreation Reserve (known today as Windy Hill). The club was originally formed as Essendon Town (1900–1904), in order to distinguish them from the Essendon Football Club that played in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Mariano De Nicolò
Mariano de Nicolò (22 January 1932 – 11 April 2020) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop.

De Nicolò was born in Cattolica, Italy, and was ordained to the priesthood in 1955. He served in several offices with the Roman Curia. He served as a Papal Master of Ceremonies for the Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff from 1967 to 1984 and as Undersecretary of Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legislative Texts from 1984 to 1989.

Leaving the Roman Curia in 1989, Pope John Paul II appointed de Nicolò bishop of both the Diocese of Rimini and the Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro in persona episcopi, and he was consecrated a bishop by Cardinal Rosalio José Castillo Lara. In 1995, Bishop de Nicolò left the Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro, leaving it to Paolo Rabitti, whom he co-consecrated a bishop. He remained bishop of Rimini until his retirement 2007.

He died in Monte Tauro on Holy Saturday, 11 April 2020, at the age of 88.

In persona episcopi
In persona episcopi (English: In the person of the bishop) is a Latin expression used by the Catholic Church to indicate a union of two or more dioceses in which the dioceses are administered by a single bishop but undergo no alteration to their diocesan structures (e.g. seminaries, cathedrals, curia officials). In its mildest form such a union can be temporary, but in other cases it can be an intermediate step towards a union aeque principaliter or a full union.
Aero AT
Aero AT Sp.z o.o. is a Polish light aircraft manufacturer founded by Tomasz Antoniewski in Warsaw in 1994. It is unrelated to the Czech Aero company.

The company is organized as a Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością (Sp.z o.o.), a Polish private limited company.

The company was founded to develop and market a two-seat aircraft specifically for the flight training and touring market. The result of this venture was the Aero AT-3, type certified by European Aviation Safety Agency in May 1999 under the EASA CS-VLA rules, only the sixth aircraft type to receive this certification. The first five production aircraft were delivered to customers in 2002. A version for the light-sport aircraft market was accepted by the Federal Aviation Administration and marketed as the Gobosh 700 in the United States.

EASA CS-VLA
EASA CS-VLA is the European Aviation Safety Agency Certification Specification for Very Light Aircraft.

The Very Light Aircraft (VLA) aircraft certification category introduced in 2003 by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is intended to make it easier and less costly to get full European certification, operation and maintenance of a general aviation aircraft. The somewhat relaxed certification procedure is available for aircraft satisfying the following criteria:

Maximum take-off weight (MTOW) of not more than 750 kg

One or two seats maximum

Maximum Stall speed in the landing configuration (VS0) of no more than 83 km/h (45 knots)

Approved only for day-VFR visual flight rules conditions

Certified in the Normal Category only, all aerobatics maneuvers including intentional spinning are prohibited

The main part of professional pilots training is done on EASA CS-23 specification, which also allows for flying under IFR and NVFR conditions.
Amblymoropsis rufa
Amblymoropsis rufa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1970. It is light red with fine, yellowish pubsence, and is 7mm long and 2mm wide. Breuning encountered it in Cenderawasih Bay in New Guinea, and described it as being similar to Amblymoropsis papuana.

Stephan von Breuning (entomologist)
Stephan von Breuning (21 November 1894 – 11 March 1983) was an Austrian entomologist who specialised in the study of beetles (coleopterology), particularly within the Carabus, Calosoma and Ceroglossus (all of them are genera of the Carabidae family, also known as ground beetles) and the longhorn family (Cerambycidae).
Charles W. Pickering
Charles Willis Pickering Sr. (born May 29, 1937) is an American attorney, politician, and jurist who served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and, briefly, of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, based in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Filibuster
A filibuster is a parliamentary procedure in which one or more members of a legislative body prolong debate on proposed legislation so as to delay or entirely prevent a decision.

It is sometimes referred to as "talking a bill to death" or "talking out a bill", and is characterized as a form of obstruction in a legislature or other decision-making body. A motion of cloture (also closure or guillotine) requiring a supermajority can overcome filibustering. Overcoming filibuster with a simple majority is also called the nuclear option.
Sirevere
Sirevere is a village in Vinni Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. Between 1992 and 2017 (until the administrative reform of Estonian municipalities) the village was located in Laekvere Parish.

Lääne-Viru County
Lääne-Viru County (Estonian: Lääne-Viru maakond or Lääne-Virumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland. In Estonian, lääne means 'western' and ida means 'east' or 'eastern'. Lääne-Viru borders Ida-Viru County to the east, Jõgeva County to the south, and Järva and Harju counties to the west. In January 2013, Lääne-Viru County had a population of 58,806, or 4.5% of the population of Estonia.
Zhou Yuelong
Zhou Yuelong (Chinese: 周跃龙; born 24 January 1998) is a Chinese professional snooker player. He has been runner-up at four ranking events; the January 2020 European Masters, the 2020 Shoot Out, the 2022 Northern Ireland Open, and the 2025 English Open.

Thepchaiya Un-Nooh
Thepchaiya Un-Nooh (Thai: เทพไชยา อุ่นหนู, RTGS: Thepchaiya Unnu; born 18 April 1985) is a Thai professional snooker player.

He has won one ranking event, the 2019 Snooker Shoot Out, and finished as runner-up in the 2019 World Open. He is regarded as one of the fastest snooker players on the World Tour, averaging less than 17 seconds per shot during the 2017–18 and the 2019–20 snooker seasons.
Land Gate, Famagusta
The Land Gate, Famagusta,  (Turkish: Kara Kapısı; Greek: Πύλη της Ξηράς;  Italian: Porta di Limisso)  is a gate in the Walls of Famagusta, Cyprus. It was the entrance gate to the city for all land traffic, while the Sea Gate served maritime traffic. The Land Gate's associated tower (Limassol tower, Ak Kule (white tower) or Ravelin bastion), which dates back to the Genoese period, originally contained the gate and parts of the old gate still exist. However, this was devasted during the Siege of Famagusta of 1570-1571 and the victorious Turks cut a new opening in the walls by the side of the tower.

Portcullis
A portcullis (from Old French  porte coleice "sliding gate") is a heavy, vertically closing gate typically found in medieval fortifications. It consists of a latticed grille made of wood and/or metal, which slides down grooves inset within each jamb of the gateway.
Amaya Arzuaga
Amaya Arzuaga (born in Lerma (Burgos), in 1970), is a Spanish designer.

She studied in the UPM and in 1992 she finished Fashion Design and  joined her parents' enterprise, Elipse.

In 1994, she created her own firm. She sells and shows her collections regularly in international fashion fairs like Atmosphère (Paris), Fashion Cotterie (New York), Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana (Milan), Pasarela Cibeles (Madrid),  Passarel·la Gaudí (Barcelona), and London Fashion Week (London). Amaya Arzuaga has more than 200 boutiques in Spain.

Lerma, Province of Burgos
Lerma is a village in the province of Burgos, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain.  It has important monuments dating from the 17th century, which were built by the Duke of Lerma. The village is home to the headquarters of the Spanish wine denominación de origen protegida Arlanza DOP.
Mount Gilbert (Nevada)
Mount Gilbert is the sixth-highest named mountain of the Ruby Mountains and the eighth-highest in Elko County, in Nevada, United States. It is the forty-third-highest mountain in the state.  The peak is a spectacular part of the view from State Route 227 in Lamoille Valley, rising over 5,300 feet (1,620 m) above the valley floor at Lamoille. It rises from the head of Seitz Canyon, and is part of the west wall of Right Fork Canyon (a branch of Lamoille Canyon). The summit is a high glacial horn, located about 22 miles (35 km) southeast of the community of Elko within the Ruby Mountains Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.

Pyramidal peak
A pyramidal peak, sometimes called a glacial horn in extreme cases, is an angular, sharply pointed mountain peak which results from the cirque erosion due to multiple glaciers diverging from a central point. Pyramidal peaks are often examples of nunataks.
Aprobarbital
Aprobarbital (or aprobarbitone), sold under the brand names Oramon, Somnifaine, and Allonal, is a barbiturate derivative invented in the 1920s by Ernst Preiswerk. It has sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant properties, and was used primarily for the treatment of insomnia.  Aprobarbital was never as widely used as more common barbiturate derivatives such as phenobarbital and is now rarely prescribed. It has been largely replaced by newer drugs with a better safety margin.

Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity.

This group is related to hypnotics. The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs.
Method of quantum characteristics
Quantum characteristics are phase-space trajectories that arise in the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics through the Wigner transform of Heisenberg operators of canonical coordinates and momenta. These trajectories obey the Hamilton equations in quantum form and play the role of characteristics in terms of which time-dependent Weyl's symbols of quantum operators can be expressed. In the classical limit, quantum characteristics reduce to classical trajectories. The knowledge of quantum characteristics is equivalent to the knowledge of quantum dynamics.

Classical limit
The classical limit or correspondence limit is the ability of a physical theory to approximate or "recover" classical mechanics when considered over special values of its parameters. The classical limit is used with physical theories that predict non-classical behavior.
Howard Goodall
Howard Lindsay Goodall (/ˈɡʊdɔːl/; born 26 May 1959) is an English composer of musicals, choral music and music for television. He also presents music-based programmes for television and radio, for which he has won many awards. In May 2008, he was named as a presenter and "Composer-in-Residence" with the UK radio channel Classic FM. In May 2009, he was named "Composer of the Year" at the Classic BRIT Awards.

Into the Storm (2009 film)
Into the Storm or Churchill at War (alt. title) is a 2009 biographical film about Winston Churchill and his days in office during the Second World War. The movie is directed by Thaddeus O'Sullivan and stars Brendan Gleeson as the British Prime Minister. Into the Storm is a sequel to the 2002 television film The Gathering Storm, which details the life of Churchill in the years just prior the war. Into the Storm had its first public premiere on HBO and HBO Canada on 31 May 2009.

Into the Storm was nominated for 14 Primetime Emmy Awards. Brendan Gleeson won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie.
Kirby and the Rainbow Curse
Kirby and the Rainbow Curse, known in PAL regions as Kirby and the Rainbow Paintbrush, is a 2015 platform game developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for Wii U. Part of the Kirby series and a follow-up game of the 2005 Nintendo DS title Kirby: Canvas Curse, was released on January 22, 2015 in Japan, February 20, 2015 in North America, May 8, 2015 in Europe, and May 9, 2015 in Australia. The game supports the Kirby, Meta Knight, and King Dedede Amiibo.

PAL
Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B, D, G, H, I and K. The articles on analogue broadcast television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation.

PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany, with important input from Gerhard Mahler. The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch", the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage").
A Thousand Kisses Deep (film)
A Thousand Kisses Deep is a 2011 film directed by Dana Lustig and based on a screenplay by Alex Kustanovich and Vadim Moldovan. The film, starring Dougray Scott, Jodie Whittaker and Emilia Fox, is a fantastical thriller about a young woman who, via time-travel, pieces together the events that led to her own death. The film premiered at the 2011 Raindance Film Festival in the United Kingdom and was released in June 2012 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The film was released in the United States on DVD and digital platforms on 6 August 2013 by Osiris Entertainment.

Jodie Whittaker
Jodie Auckland Whittaker (born 17 June 1982) is an English actress. She is best known for her roles on television as Beth Latimer in Broadchurch (2013–2017) and the Thirteenth Doctor in Doctor Who (2017–2022; 2025).

She came to prominence in her 2006 feature film debut Venus, for which she received British Independent Film Award and Satellite Award nominations. She was later praised for her roles in the science fiction film Attack the Block (2011) and the Black Mirror episode "The Entire History of You" (2011).

In 2017, Whittaker became the thirteenth and first lead actress to play the Doctor in Doctor Who and formally assumed the role from Peter Capaldi in "Twice Upon a Time". Whittaker starred in three series and five specials beginning with "The Woman Who Fell to Earth" in 2018 and concluding in 2022 with "The Power of the Doctor". She returned to the role in 2025 with a cameo appearance in the series 15 finale "The Reality War".