hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Collision frequency
Collision frequency describes the rate of collisions between two atomic or molecular species in a given volume, per unit time. In an ideal gas, assuming that the species behave like hard spheres, the collision frequency between entities of species A and species B is

where

is the number of A particles in the volume,

is the number of B particles in the volume,

is the collision cross section, the "effective area" seen by two colliding molecules (for hard spheres, , where  is the radius of A, and  is the radius of B),

is the Boltzmann constant,

is the thermodynamic temperature,

is the reduced mass of A and B particles.

Boltzmann constant
The Boltzmann constant (kB or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas. It occurs in the definitions of the kelvin (K) and the molar gas constant, in Planck's law of black-body radiation and Boltzmann's entropy formula, and is used in calculating thermal noise in resistors. The Boltzmann constant has dimensions of energy divided by temperature, the same as entropy and heat capacity. It is named after the Austrian scientist Ludwig Boltzmann.

As part of the 2019 revision of the SI, the Boltzmann constant is one of the seven "defining constants" that have been defined so as to have exact finite decimal values in SI units. They are used in various combinations to define the seven SI base units. The Boltzmann constant is defined to be exactly 1.380649×10−23 joules per kelvin, with the effect of defining the SI unit kelvin.
Chiajarjapata
Chiajarjapata (possibly from Aymara ch'iyara black, k'ark'a crevice, fissure, crack, pata step, "black crevice step") is a 5,014-metre-high (16,450 ft) mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Chiajarjapata Pata lies southeast of Macho Ritti, Tocra and Ananta near a lake named Mancacocha.

Tocra
Tocra, Taucheira or  Tukrah, is a town on the coast of the Marj District in the Cyrenaica region of northeastern Libya, founded by Cyrene. It lay 200 stadia west of Ptolemais.  Today it is a coastal town 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Marj.
Halton, Buckinghamshire
Halton is a small village and civil parish in the Buckinghamshire district of the ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire, England, located about two miles north of Wendover and five miles southeast of Aylesbury.

Buckinghamshire (district)
Buckinghamshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire, England. It covers about four-fifths of area of the ceremonial county and about two-thirds of its population; the City of Milton Keynes accounts for the remainder. As a unitary authority area, it is both a non-metropolitan county and a non-metropolitan district.

The district is administered by Buckinghamshire Council. The council was formed in 2020, following the abolition of the previous county council, Buckinghamshire County Council, and the four district councils covering the area.
Gruenhagen
Gruenhagen, Grünhagen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Colmar Grünhagen (1828–1911), German archivist and historian

Glenn Gruenhagen (born 1952), American politician from Minnesota

Kerry Gruenhagen (born c. 1970), American politician from Iowa

Glenn Gruenhagen
Glenn H. Gruenhagen (born February 1, 1952) is an American politician from Minnesota. He serves in the Minnesota Senate representing District 17, which includes Carver, McLeod, Meeker, and Sibley Counties. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, Gruenhagen has been the subject of both state and national headlines for his opposition to homosexuality and gay marriage, his climate change denial, his opposition to vaccine mandates, his denial of the results of the 2020 United States elections at both the state and federal levels, and his proposal to require instruction in Minnesota high schools on the cause of "sickness, disease, pain, suffering, and death". Gruenhagen works as an insurance agent. He owns Gruenhagen Insurance and Financial Services in Glencoe.
Greenlees
Greenlees is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allison Greenlees (1896–1979), Scottish Girlguide

Don Greenlees (born 1875), Scottish footballer

Duncan Greenlees (1899–1966), theologist

Gavin Greenlees (1930–1983), Australian poet

Georgina Greenlees (1849–1932), Scottish artist

Jack Greenlees, Scottish actor

James Greenlees (1878–1951), Scottish rugby player and educationist

Robert Greenlees (1820–1894), Scottish artist and educationalist

Ronalyn Greenlees (born 1971), Filipino lawn bowler

Thomas Duncan Greenlees (1858–1929), Scottish psychiatrist

Weir Greenlees (1882–1975), English cricketer and distiller

Ysobel Greenlees (1902–1996), Scottish golfer and founder of the Greenlees Trophy League

Greenlees Trophy
The Greenlees Golf Trophy is competed for annually by the member golf clubs of the West of Scotland Ladies Inter Club League. The league has three divisions, currently of nine clubs each, and each club team comprises nine players. It is a match-play competition where handicaps are ignored, and game points are gained by clubs. All the clubs are affiliated to Scottish Golf governing body.

Division 1 winners are awarded the Greenlees Trophy, donated in 1931 by the husband of the League`s founder Ysobel Greenlees, Division 2 winners receive a Greenlees Cup awarded by Ysobel Greenlees in 1954 when that division first played, and Division 3 winners receive the Greenlees Shield, first played for in 1986. The results and division tables throughout each playing season are recorded online at Ladies Club Golf News around the West of Scotland.
William Harwar Parker
William Harwar Parker (October 8, 1826 – December 30, 1896) was an officer in the United States Navy and later in the Confederate States Navy. His autobiography, entitled Recollections of a Naval Officer 1841–1865, provides a unique insight into the United States Navy of the mid-19th century during an era when the Age of Sail was coming to an end and the advent of steam power and ironclads was beginning.

Age of Sail
The Age of Sail is a period in European history that lasted at the latest from the mid-16th (or mid-15th) to the mid-19th centuries, in which the dominance of sailing ships in global trade and warfare culminated, particularly marked by the introduction of naval artillery, and ultimately reached its highest extent at the advent of steam power. Enabled by the advances of the related age of navigation, it is identified as a distinctive element of the early modern period and the Age of Discovery.
Yuanshui River
The Yuanshui River (Chinese: 袁水; pinyin: Yuán Shuǐ) is a 279-km-long tributary of the Gan River in western Jiangxi province of China. It rises on the Mount Wugong and  flows generally from west to east across Luxi, Yichun, Fenyi and Xinyu and joins the Gan River at Zhangshu.

Xinyu
Xinyu (Chinese: 新余; pinyin: Xīnyú, formerly 新喻; Xīnyú) is a prefecture-level city in west-central Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China. It serves as a major industrial hub in central China, designated as a National New Energy Technology Demonstration City and a base for the steel industry.
Danio dichromatus
Danio dichromatus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Danionidae. It was first formally described in 2024 by Ralph Britz and Sven O. Kullander with its type locality given as Melaung Chaung, Palaw Township, Tanintharyi Region in Myanmar at 12°45'26"N, 98°44'22". This species was known in the aquarium trade before it was formally described, with the names yellow hikari and blue hikari. This species is known from the drainage systems of the Tanintharyi, Dawei and Lenya rivers in Myanmar.

Danionin
The danionins are a group of small, slender "minnow-type" freshwater fish nestled in the family Danionidae of the suborder Cyprinoidei. Species of this group are in the genera clades Danio and Devario (which also includes Chela, Laubuka, Microdevario, and Microrasbora genera), based on the latest phylo-genetic research by Fang et al in 2009. They are primarily native to the fresh waters of South and Southeast Asia, with fewer species in Africa. Many species are brightly coloured and are available as aquarium fish worldwide. Fishes of the Danio clade tend to have horizontal striping, rows of spots, or vertical bars, and often have long barbels. Species within the Devario clade tend to have vertical or horizontal bars, and short, rudimentary barbels, if present at all. All danionins are egg scatterers, and breed in the rainy season in the wild. They are carnivores, living on insects and small crustaceans.
Pyar Deewangi Hai (TV series)
Pyar Deewangi Hai (Urdu: پیار دیوانگی ہے, transl. Love is madness) is a Pakistani drama series that aired on ARY Digital in 2022. Written by Misbah Ali Syed, the series was directed by Aabis Raza and produced by Ali Kazmi and Fahad Mustafa under the banner of Big Bang Entertainment. It features Sami Khan, Neelam Muneer and Shuja Asad in lead roles.

Aabis Raza
Aabis Raza is a Pakistani television and film director. He is best known for his work in Urdu-television industry. Raza has been working as a TV director since 2000 and later he made his cinematic debut by directing 2018 rom-com Maan Jao Na.
Sigurd Brørs
Sigurd Brørs (born 16 July 1968 in Møre og Romsdal) is a Norwegian cross-country skier who competed from 1992 to 1997. His best World Cup finish was third at a 15 km race in Italy in 1992. His club was Surnadal IL.

Møre og Romsdal
Møre og Romsdal (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈmø̂ːrə ɔ ˈrʊ̀msdɑːɫ] ⓘ; English: Møre and Romsdal) is a county in the northernmost part of Western Norway. It borders the counties of Trøndelag, Innlandet, and Vestland. The county administration is located in the town of Molde, while Ålesund is the largest town. The county is governed by the Møre og Romsdal County Municipality which includes an elected county council and a county mayor. The national government is represented by the county governor.
Günther Schwarberg
Günther Schwarberg (14 October 1926 – 3 December 2008) was a German journalist and author whose 1979 series of articles in German news magazine Der Stern and subsequent book The SS Doctor and the Children brought the World War II-era war crimes committed in Neuengamme concentration camp and Bullenhuser Damm School in Hamburg to the public's conscience in Germany, and the rest of the world. He worked at the Weser Courier in the beginning of his career then the Bremer Nachrichten in Bremen and worked at Der Stern for twenty five years.

News magazine
A news magazine is a typed, printed, and published magazine, radio, or television program, usually published weekly, consisting of articles about current events. News magazines generally discuss stories in greater depth than newspapers or newscasts do, and aim to give the consumer an understanding of the important events beyond the basic facts.
Palgrave Academy
Palgrave Academy was an early dissenting academy, that is, a school or college set up by English Dissenters. It was run from 1774 to 1785 in Palgrave, Suffolk -   on  the border of Norfolk -  by the married couple Anna Laetitia Barbauld and her husband Rochemont Barbauld, a minister. The academy attracted parents who wished an alternative to traditional education for their sons.

Palgrave, Suffolk
Palgrave is a village and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. It is located on the south bank of the River Waveney, opposite Diss in Norfolk and adjacent to the Great Eastern Main Line.

Palgrave has a small primary school, with St Peter's Church located opposite, and is situated approximately 1 mile from Diss. It also has a green, park, pond, and cemetery.

Palgrave had a population of 905 people in 366 households, according to the 2011 Census.

Palgrave shares a significant historical link with its west–east road linking Great Yarmouth in Norfolk and Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk in the Domesday period (circa 1086).
Joey Osbourne
Joey Osbourne is a founding member and drummer for Acid King, Altamont, and The Stimmies. He has also been a drummer for The Men of Porn, Triple X (an X cover band), and for San Francisco punk band The Corruptors. Currently, he is the drummer and backing vocalist for roots rock/dark folk band Saturn Returns, which features ex-members of Lost Goat and Nite After Nite as well as members of Old Grandad and Walken.

Roots rock
Roots rock is a genre of rock music that looks back to rock's origins in folk, blues, and country music. First emerging in the late 1960s, it is seen as a response to the perceived excesses of the then dominant psychedelic and the developing progressive rock. Because roots music (Americana) is often used to mean folk and world musical forms, roots rock is sometimes used in a broad sense to describe any rock music that incorporates elements of this music.

The 2000s saw a new interest in "roots" music. One proof of that is the specific Grammy Award given since 2015, notably to Jon Batiste in 2022. According to the Grammy website, "This category recognizes excellence in Americana, bluegrass, blues or folk recordings in modern and/or traditional vocal and instrumental styles, as well as original material by artists who use traditional and/or modern roots elements, sounds and instrumental techniques as the basis for their recordings."
Auburn Railway Signal Box
Auburn Railway Signal Box is a heritage-listed railway signal box on the Main Suburban railway line, Auburn, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by New South Wales Government Railways (NSWGR) and built in 1954 by the NSW Department of Railways. It is also known as Railway Signal Box. The property is owned by RailCorp. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. The rear of the building faces Rawson Street, Auburn, opposite 171 Rawson Street.

Signalling control
On a rail transport system, signalling control is the process by which control is exercised over train movements by way of railway signals and block systems to ensure that trains operate safely, over the correct route and to the proper timetable. Signalling control was originally exercised via a decentralised network of control points that were known by a variety of names including signal box (International and British) and interlocking tower (North America). London Underground call them signalling cabins, and the Great Central Railway referred to them as signal cabins. Currently these decentralised systems are being consolidated into wide scale signalling centres or dispatch offices. Whatever the form, signalling control provides an interface between the human signal operator and the lineside signalling equipment. The technical apparatus used to control switches (points), signals and block systems is called interlocking.
CMC Veryca
The CMC Veryca (Chinese: 中華菱利; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Líng Lì) is a cabover microvan and mini truck built and sold in Taiwan by the Taiwanese automaker China Motor Corporation (CMC) (中華汽車) since 2000. A new series of this model, called CMC J Space was launched in 2024.

The CMC Veryca started off as long wheelbase iterations of the fourth generation Mitsubishi Minicab, the Town Box Wide, available with a variety of bodywork. Unrestricted by the kei class regulations, the engines used soon grew larger than the ones used in Japan.

It's predecessor CMC Minicab (中華百利), CMC's first commercial vehicle product, entered production in 1978, later became CMC Varica (中華威利) in 1985.

In 2013, CMC launched its first independent product, the CMC Leadca, redesigned all of its products, and started to brand them with the CMC badge instead of the Mitsubishi badge. The Delica and Veryca received their CMC facelift in 2013 while the CMC Zinger was not facelifted until 2015.

Mini truck
Mini truck, also called a micro-truck or mini-lorry, are tiny but practical light trucks, available in RWD or 4WD version, originally built to satisfy the Japanese keijidōsha (軽自動車) statutory class of light vehicles. Generally they fall under sub 1000cc engine category. These vehicles find their use in intra-city low tonnage cargo delivery, like postal and courier services or home delivery of appliances from dealer to the customer i.e. light loads over short distances.
Alfred Cross
Alfred William Stephens Cross (1858–1932) was a British architect.

From 1889 to 1899 he was in partnership with Henry Spalding as Spalding and Cross, taking part in many competitions for building design. Cross and his son (Kenneth Mervyn Baskerville Cross, 1890–1968) became specialised in designs for public baths.

Public bathing
Public baths originated when most people in population centers did not have access to private bathing facilities. Though termed "public", they have often been restricted according to gender, religious affiliation, personal membership, and other criteria.

In addition to their hygienic function, public baths have also been social meeting places. They have included hot-air bathing facilities such as hammams, Victorian Turkish baths, and saunas. Some have also provided complementary services such as shampooing, massages, and other relaxation therapies, often also found in contemporary day spas.

As the percentage of dwellings containing private bathrooms has increased in some societies, the need for public baths has diminished, and they are now almost exclusively used recreationally.
2001 Trophée des Champions
The 2001 Trophée des Champions was a football match held at Stade de la Meinau, Strasbourg on July 19, 2001, that saw 2000–01 Division 1 champions FC Nantes defeat 2000–01 Coupe de France winners RC Strasbourg 4-1.

Stade de la Meinau
The Stade de la Meinau (French pronunciation: [stad də la mɛno]), commonly known as "la Meinau", is a football stadium in Strasbourg, France. It is the home ground of RC Strasbourg and has also hosted international matches, including one game of the 1938 World Cup, two games of Euro 1984 and the final of the Cup Winners' Cup in 1988. La Meinau has also been used as a venue for concerts and a Mass by John Paul II in 1988. The stadium is owned by the Strasbourg municipality and is rented by the RC Strasbourg.
Docstring
A docstring is a string literal that annotates an associated section of source code. It provides for the same utility as a comment, but unlike a comment is a string literal and is retained as part of the running program. Some development tools display docstring information as part of an interactive help system.

Programming languages that support docstring include Python, Lisp, Elixir, Clojure, Gherkin, Julia and Haskell.
Tools that leverage docstring text include
cobra-doc (Cobra), 
doctest (Python),
Pydoc (Python),
Sphinx (Python).

Online help
Online help is a form of user assistance that provides topic-oriented, procedural or reference information designed to assist in using a software application, web application or operating system. Online help linked to the application's state (what the user is doing) is called context-sensitive help.

The help information can be created using help authoring tools or component content management systems and can be delivered in a wide variety of proprietary and open-standard formats. Help of this kind has largely replaced printed documentation.

Interactive help can also be provided via virtual assistants and Chatbot systems.
Donnybrook stone
Donnybrook stone is a fine to medium-grained feldspathic and kaolinitic sandstone found near the town of Donnybrook, Western Australia.  It originates from the early Cretaceous (144-132 MYA) and features shale partings and colour variations which range from white to beige and pink.

Donnybrook stone is used as dimension stone in the building industry and is both a commercial name as well as a stratigraphic name.

Many public and private buildings in Western Australia feature Donnybrook stone.  These include the facade and portico to the Parliament House building in West Perth, the General Post Office in Perth, the entry portal to the Fremantle Railway Station and the Police Courts building in Beaufort Street, Perth, the latter of which is constructed entirely of Donnybrook stone.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
2021 Thoreau Tennis Open – Singles
Caroline Dolehide was the defending champion, having won the previous edition in 2019. She lost in the second round to Katrina Scott.

Magdalena Fręch won the title, defeating Renata Zarazúa in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–4).

Mariam Bolkvadze
Mariam Bolkvadze (Georgian: მარიამ ბოლქვაძე, romanized: mariam bolkvadze, pronounced [maɾiam bolkʰʷadzɛ]; born 1 January 1998) is a tennis player from Georgia.

On 7 March 2022, she achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 151, and on 21 March 2022, she peaked at No. 204 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Playing for Georgia Fed Cup team, Bolkvadze has a win–loss record of 7–11 in Fed Cup competitions, as of April 2024.
Hedley Beare
Hedley Beare AM (28 November 1932 – 5 September 2010) was an Australian educator, administrator and author. He led the creation of the Northern Territory and ACT education systems. Beare wrote, co-wrote or edited 18 books and contributed 40 book chapters and hundreds of journal articles.  He delivered the 1986 Buntine Oration titled "Shared Meanings About Education: The Economic Paradigm Considered."

He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 2009.

Academic administration
Academic administration is a branch of university or college employees responsible for the maintenance and supervision of the institution and separate from the faculty or academics, although some personnel may have joint responsibilities. Some type of separate administrative structure exists at almost all academic institutions. Fewer institutions are governed by employees who are also involved in academic or scholarly work. Many senior administrators are academics who have advanced degrees and no longer teach or conduct research.
Duryee
Duryee or Duryée is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abram Duryée (1815–1890), American Union Army general

Charles Duryee Traphagen (1862–1947), American newspaper publisher

Jacob Eugene Duryée (1839–1918), American Union Army lieutenant colonel

Abram Duryée
Abram Duryée (/dʊərˈjeɪ/; April 29, 1815 – September 27, 1890) was a Union Army general during the American Civil War, the commander of one of the most famous Zouave regiments, the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry. After the war he was New York City Police Commissioner.
2022 All-Japan Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 76th All-Japan Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held in three separate events. The individual all-around took place from 21-24 April, which was followed by the apparatus finals on 18-19 June, and the team all-around was held 10-11 December.

After two years of being hosted by Takasaki, the competitions for individual events returned to Shibuya, Tokyo at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium. The results were used to select the men's and women's national team competing at the World Championships, Asian Games, and the Summer Universiade.

Takasaki
Takasaki (高崎市, Takasaki-shi; [takasakiɕi]) is a city located in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 August 2020, the city had an estimated population of 372,369 in 167,345 households, and a population density of 810 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 459.16 square kilometres (177.28 sq mi). Takasaki is famous as the hometown of the Daruma doll, theoretically representing the Buddhist sage Bodhidharma and in modern practice a symbol of good luck. Takasaki has been the largest city in Gunma Prefecture since 1990 after overtaking Maebashi.