hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thai units of measurement
Before metrication, the traditional system of measurement used in Thailand employed anthropic units. Some of these units are still in use, albeit standardised to SI/metric measurements. When the Royal Thai Survey Department began cadastral survey in 1896, Director R. W. Giblin, F.R.G.S., noted, "It so happens that 40 metres or 4,000 centimetres are equal to one sen," so all cadastral plans are plotted, drawn, and printed to a scale of 1:4,000.  The square wa, ngan and rai are still used in measurements of land area.

The baht is still used as a unit of measurement in gold trading. However, one baht of 96.5% gold bullion is defined as 15.16 grams rather than the generic standard of 15 grams. The baht has also become the name of the currency of Thailand, which was originally fixed to the corresponding mass of silver.

Cadastral surveying
Cadastral surveying is the sub-field of cadastre and surveying that specialises in the establishment and re-establishment of real property boundaries. It involves the physical delineation of property boundaries and determination of dimensions, areas and certain rights associated with properties. This is regardless of whether they are on land, water or defined by natural or artificial features. It is an important component of the legal creation of properties. A cadastral surveyor must apply both the spatial-measurement principles of general surveying and legal principles such as respect of neighboring titles.
Mrs. Schlorer's
Mrs. Schlorer's was the brand name for mayonnaise and numerous other food condiments originally manufactured by the Schlorer Delicatessen Company in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Schlorer's Mayonnaise is credited as being the first mayonnaise put in jars and sold commercially, in 1907. The first products trademarked by the Schlorer Delicatessen Company were Mrs. Schlorer's Mayonnaise and Mrs. Schlorer's Olivenaise in 1917.

Condiment
A condiment is a preparation that is added to food, typically after cooking, to enhance the flavor, to complement the dish, or to impart a specific flavor. Such specific flavors generally add sweetness or pungency, or sharp or piquant flavors. The seasonings and spices common in many different cuisine arise from global introductions of foreign trade. Condiments include those added to cooking to impart flavor, such as barbecue sauce and soy sauce; those added before serving, such as mayonnaise in a sandwich; and those added tableside to taste, such as ketchup with fast food. Condiments can also provide other health benefits to diets that lack micronutrients.
I Can't Help Myself (The Kelly Family song)
"I Can't Help Myself" (subtitled "I Love You, I Want You" for the single release) is a song by European-American pop music group the Kelly Family. Written by Angelo Kelly, it was produced by Kathy Kelly and Paddy Kelly for their ninth studio album, Almost Heaven (1996), and features lead vocals by Paddy and Angelo Kelly. The song was released as the album's lead single and reached number one in the Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Switzerland.

Michael Patrick Kelly
Michael Patrick Kelly (born December 5, 1977) is an Irish-American singer, musician and composer. Kelly was born in Dublin. He was a member of the pop and folk band The Kelly Family, one of the most commercially successful acts in Europe, with over 20 million records sold since the mid-1990s. After years in the public eye, Kelly released his debut solo album In Exile and shortly thereafter retired to a monastery in France. After six years he returned to the music business in 2011. Kelly currently resides in Germany. In addition to his career as a singer, he served as a coach on the eighth season of The Voice of Germany. He won the show with his artist Samuel Rösch. He also served as a coach on the second season of the German version of The Voice Senior and will serve as a coach for the fourteenth season of The Voice Kids.
Alexandreis
The Alexandreis (or Alexandreid) is a medieval Latin epic poem by Walter of Châtillon, a 12th-century French writer and theologian. It gives an account of the life of Alexander the Great, based on Quintus Curtius Rufus' Historia Alexandri Magni. The poem was popular and influential in Walter's own times: according to Henry of Ghent, it was more popular than Virgil's Aeneid in thirteenth-century schools. Matthew of Vendôme and Alan of Lille borrowed from it and Henry of Settimello imitated it, but it is now seldom read. One line is sometimes quoted:

Incidis in Scyllam cupiens vitare Charybdim (You run into Scylla, desiring to avoid Charybdis) (V.301).

Alain de Lille
Alain de Lille (Alan of Lille; Latin: Alanus ab Insulis; c. 1128 – 1202/1203) was a French theologian and poet. He was born in Lille some time before 1128. His exact date of death remains unclear as well, with most research pointing toward it being between 14 April 1202 and 5 April 1203. He is known for writing a number of works based upon the teachings of the liberal arts, with one of his most renowned poems, De planctu Naturae ("The Complaint of Nature"), focusing on sexual conduct among humans. Although Alain was widely known during his lifetime, little is known about his personal life.

As a theologian, Alain de Lille opposed scholasticism in the second half of the 12th century. His philosophy is characterized by rationalism and mysticism. Alain claimed that reason, guided by prudence, could discover most truths about the physical order without help; but in order to understand religious truth and to know God, the wise must be believers.
Dinga
Dinga is a city in the Gujrat District, in the province of Punjab, Pakistan.
It original name was Deen Gah (دین گاہ), when British came there, they pronounce it as Dinga (ڈینگہ) 
It lies between the rivers Jhelum and Chenab. The main highway that runs from Lahore to Rawalpindi is about 23 km (16.7 mi) northeast of Dinga. Dinga is about 100 km (62 mi) from the border between Pakistan and India. The population of Dinga was 78422 per the 2017 census.
Major Muhammad Akram shaheed (Nishan-e-Haider

Nishan-e-Haider
Nishan-e-Haider (NH; Urdu: نشان حیدر, lit. 'Mark of the Lion' or 'Emblem of the Lion') is the highest military gallantry award of Pakistan. The Nishan-e-Haider is awarded only to members of the Pakistan Armed Forces. It recognises the highest acts of extraordinary bravery in the face of the enemy in air, land, or sea. It has been awarded only 11 times since Pakistan's independence in 1947.

Nishan-e-Haider literally means "Emblem of the Lion" in the Urdu language. The word "Haider" is also the epithet of Ali, who is referred to as the 'Lion of Allah', a valiant warrior and leader. Ali was the fourth Caliph of Islam and was declared by Muhammad as the bravest person. He is known by his courage, bravery and power in Islam.
James Karr
James R. Karr is an American ecologist, ornithologist, conservation biologist, stream ecologist, academic, and author. He is a Professor Emeritus of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington, Seattle.

Karr's research focuses on fisheries, ornithology, ecology, conservation biology, and water quality. He has authored and co-authored more than 250 research articles and 2 books including Entering the Watershed: A New Approach to Save America's River Ecosystems and Restoring Life in Running Waters: Better Biological Monitoring. He is the recipient of the Olympic Peninsula Audubon Society Conservation Award in 2017, the 2005 Environmental Stewardship Award from the Society for Freshwater Science, and the 2004 Carl R. Sullivan Fishery Conservation Award from the American Fisheries Society.

Karr is an elected Fellow of the American Ornithological Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Society for Freshwater Science.

Water quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, extent of water pollution and condition of drinking water. Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and often determines supply options.
1891 in birding and ornithology
Birds described in 1891 include  Basra reed warbler, Cape shoveler, charming hummingbird, cobalt-winged parakeet, Lord Howe parakeet,  Kermadec red-crowned parakeet, Pangani longclaw, Patagonian yellow finch, Père David's tit,

Richard Bowdler Sharpe
Richard Bowdler Sharpe (22 November 1847 – 25 December 1909) was an English zoologist and ornithologist who worked as curator of the bird collection at the British Museum of natural history. In the course of his career he published several monographs on bird groups and produced a multi-volume catalogue of the specimens in the collection of the museum. He described many new species of bird and also has had species named in his honour by other ornithologists including Sharpe's longclaw (Macronyx sharpei) and Sharpe's starling (Pholia sharpii).
Palestinian Presidential Guard
The Palestinian Presidential Guard (officially known as the Special Presidential Guard (SPG); Arabic: الحرس الرئاسي الفلسطيني) is a branch of the Palestinian Security Services under the direct control of the President of the State of Palestine. Its primary role is protection of the President and other VIPs, as well as performing ceremonial functions. The force may also perform special combat functions.

Very important person
A very important person (VIP or V.I.P.) or personage is a person who is accorded special privileges due to their high social rank, status, influence, or importance. The term was not common until sometime after World War II when it was popularised by Royal Air Force pilots.

Examples include celebrities, heads of state or government, other high-ranking politicians, or any other socially notable person who receives special treatment for any reason. The special treatment usually involves separation from common people, and a higher level of comfort or service.
Frederick William Anderson (politician)
Frederick William Anderson (September 28, 1883 – April 28, 1955) was a civil engineer, rancher and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Kamloops in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1916 to 1924, as a Liberal.

He was born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of William Anderson, and was educated in Ottawa and at McGill University. After working on a number of large construction projects across Canada, Anderson moved to Kamloops, British Columbia, where he operated a farm and raised livestock. He married Marion Claire, the daughter of Gordon Edward Corbould. Anderson served as government whip in the assembly. He was a lieutenant in the Canadian Engineers of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Anderson died in Vancouver at the age of 71.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Per Arne Bjerke
Per Arne Bjerke (24 March 1952 – 17 June 2015) was a Norwegian journalist, radio presenter and politician for the Labour Party.

He was an editor in Romerikes Blad, news editor in Dagsavisen and information director in the Ministry of Finance, but was best known for his time in the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation where, from 2008 to his death, he presented the radio program Politisk kvarter. From 1990 to 1992 he served in Brundtland's Third Cabinet as State Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister.

Ministry of Finance (Norway)
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Finance (Norwegian: Finansdepartementet) is a Norwegian ministry established in 1814. The ministry is responsible for state finance, including the state budget, taxation and economic policy in Norway. It is led by  Jens Stoltenberg (Labour Party). The department must report to the Parliament of Norway.
East Karelian uprising
The East Karelian Uprising (Finnish: itäkarjalaisten kansannousu, Karelian: päivännouzu karjalan kanzannouzu) and the Soviet–Finnish conflict 1921–1922 were an attempt  by a group of East Karelian separatists supported by Finland to gain independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. They were aided by a number of Finnish volunteers, starting from 6 November 1921. The conflict ended on 21 March 1922 with the Agreements between the governments of Soviet Russia and Finland about the measures of maintenance of the inviolability of the Soviet–Finnish border. The conflict is regarded in Finland as one of the heimosodat – "Kinship Wars".

Rudolf Holsti
Eino Rudolf  Woldemar Holsti (8 October 1881 in Jyväskylä – 3 August 1945 in Palo Alto, California) was a Finnish politician, journalist and diplomat. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1919–1922 and in 1936–1938 and a member of the Finnish Parliament in 1913–1918 representing the Young Finnish Party (Nuorsuomalainen Puolue).
Abhinandan Banerjee
Abhinandan Banerjee is an Indian film director, scriptwriter, author, essayist, magazine editor, publisher, illustrator, painter and graphic designer. His debut feature The Cloud and the Man, which premiered at the 25th Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival, 2021  won the NETPAC award for Best Asian Film, at the 27th Kolkata International Film Festival.

8th Filmfare Awards Bangla
The 8th Filmfare Awards Bangla is an award ceremony, presented by The Times Group, which honoured the best Indian Bengali-language films of 2024.

Bohurupi, directed by the duo Nandita Roy and Shiboprosad Mukherjee, led the ceremony with a leading sixteen nominations, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor (for Shiboprosad Mukherjee), Best Actress (for Koushani Mukherjee) and Best Supporting Actress (for Ritabhari Chakraborty), ultimately emerging as the most awarded film with seven wins. It was followed by Chaalchitro: The Frame Fatale and Padatik, with both receiving fourteen nominations each.

Subhashree Ganguly received her second Best Actress award for Babli, besides receiving two additional nominations for Best Actress (Critics) and Best Supporting Actress. The ceremony was aired on 30 March 2025 on Zee Bangla.
Nautilus praepompilius
Nautilus praepompilius is an extinct species of nautilus. It lived from the Late Paleocene through Oligocene epochs. The first fossil specimens discovered in the Late Eocene to Oligocene-aged Chegan Formation of Kazakhstan: an additional, older specimen was found in the Late or Latest Paleocene-aged Pebble Point Formation in Victoria, Australia. N. praepompilius has been grouped into a single genus together with extant species based on their shared shell characters. It is morphologically closest to N. pompilius, hence the name. The nepionic constriction shows that the hatching size was approximately 23 mm, close to that for N. pompilius (around 26 mm). N. praepompilius, along with aff. N. cookanum fossils from the late Eocene Hoko River Formation in Washington state are the oldest occurrences of the genus.

Priabonian
The Priabonian is, in the ICS's geologic timescale, the latest age or the upper stage of the Eocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 37.71 and 33.9 Ma. The Priabonian is preceded by the Bartonian and is followed by the Rupelian, the lowest stage of the Oligocene.

Priabona, an extinct dipteran of Pipunculidae family, is named after Priabonian, the age of deposits from which this insect is known.
Yenisu, Genç
Yenisu (Kurdish: Nederan, Armenian: Jabugnoud, Janut, Chapugnoud, Nederan, Chabgnud) is a village in the Genç District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Tavz tribe and had a population of 186 in 2021.

The hamlets of Çevreli and Demirkapı are attached to the village.

Before the Armenian genocide, Chabgnud had 250 Armenians, 24 houses, one church.

Bingöl Province
Bingöl Province (Turkish: Bingöl ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Çewlîg; Zazaki: Wîlayetî Çewlîg; Armenian: Ճապաղջուր զավառ) is a province of Turkey. The province was known as Çapakçur Province (Armenian: Ճապաղջուր, lit. 'spread out water') before 1945 when it was renamed as Bingöl Province. Its area is 8,003 km2, and its population is 282,556 (2022). The province encompasses 11 municipalities, 325 villages and 693 hamlets.

The town of Genç was the scene of origin for the Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925 and most of the region was captured by the rebels during the rebellion.

As the current Governor of the province, Ahmet Hamdi Usta was appointed by the president in August 2023.
Anna Próchniak
Anna Próchniak (born 22 December 1988) is a Polish actress. Initially trained as a dancer, she decided to switch to acting, graduating from the National Film School in Łódź. Próchniak's first major international film role was in  The Innocents  (Sundance Film Festival 2016) directed by Anne Fontaine. Her credits include Polish Warsaw 44 (2014), Northern Irish Bad Day for the Cut (Sundance Film Festival 2017), Latvian Oleg (Directors’ Fortnight section of the Festival de Cannes 2019) and Baptiste for BBC One (2019). She is a member of the European Film Academy (EFA).

Łódź Film School
The Polish National Film, Television and Theatre School in Łódź (Polish: Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa, Telewizyjna i Teatralna im. Leona Schillera w Łodzi), commonly known as the Łódź Film School (Polish: Szkoła Filmowa w Łodzi), is a Polish film school for future directors, actors, cinematographers, producers, animators, photographers, editors and scriptwriters of both cinema and television. It was founded on 8 March 1948 in Łódź (Lodz).
Liberty Political Action Conference
The Liberty Political Action Conference (LPAC) was an annual political conference attended by conservative and libertarian activists and elected officials from across the United States. The conference was held from 2011 to 2014, in various locations.

LPAC was hosted by Campaign for Liberty, a 501(c)(4) nonprofit that is currently chaired by former Congressman Ron Paul of Texas.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Karel Šimůnek
Karel Šimůnek (31 August 1869 in Beroun – 19 July 1942 in Prague) was a Czech watercolorist and illustrator, and a designer of posters and of theatrical sets.  He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague under Professors Václav Brožík and Maximilian Pirner.

Beroun
Beroun (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbɛroun]; German: Beraun) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 22,000 inhabitants. It lies at the confluence of the Berounka and Litavka rivers. Beroun creates a conurbation with Králův Dvůr, former part of Beroun. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Nutcracker syndrome
The nutcracker syndrome (NCS) results most commonly from the compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the abdominal aorta (AA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), although other variants exist. The name derives from the fact that, in the sagittal plane and/or transverse plane, the SMA and AA (with some imagination) appear to be a nutcracker crushing a nut (the renal vein).

There is a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria are not well defined, which frequently results in delayed or incorrect diagnosis. The first clinical report of Nutcracker phenomenon appeared in 1950.

This condition is not to be confused with superior mesenteric artery syndrome, which is the compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the SMA and the AA.

Nut (fruit)
A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, many dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context, "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent).

Most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, but this is not the case in nuts such as hazelnuts, chestnuts, and acorns, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound ovary.
Labropsis australis
Labropsis australis, the southern tubelip, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the family Labridae, the wrasses. This species occurs in the south western Pacific Ocean from the Solomon Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu, Fiji, the Loyalty Islands, Tonga and the Great Barrier Reef. It is found in areas with heavy growth of corals including reefs, lagoons, passages and slopes. The adults feed on polyps in the coral while the juveniles feed on ectoparasites, and maybe mucus, on other reef fishes.

Loyalty Islands Province
Loyalty Islands Province (French: Province des îles Loyauté, pronounced [pʁɔvɛ̃s dez‿il lwajote]) is one of the three top-level administrative subdivisions of New Caledonia. It encompasses the Loyalty Islands (French: Îles Loyauté) archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, located northeast of the New Caledonian mainland of Grande Terre.

The provincial government seat is at Lifou. The Loyalty Islands are a collectivité territoriale of France. The province's 2019 population was approximately 18,353 inhabitants living on almost 2,000 km2 (770 sq mi). The native inhabitants are Melanesians who speak various Kanak languages and Polynesians who speak the Fagauvea language.
Tasmaiya Baba
Tasmaiya Baba (Maithili: तसमैया बाबा) was a prominent Mahatma in the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent. He was known for his spiritual devotion towards God. His history is linked to the foundation of Charaut Matha and Lakshminarayan Matha in the region. He lived during the period of 17th century CE in Mithila. He was patronised by the Maharaja of Raj Darbhanga as well as by the king of Makwanpur in the region.

Maithili language
Maithili (Tirhuta: 𑒧𑒻𑒟𑒱𑒪𑒲, /ˈmaɪtɪli/ MY-til-ee, Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal. It is native to the Mithila region, which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. It is the second most commonly spoken native Nepalese language constitutionally registered as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal.

It is spoken by 21.7 million people. Of those, 3.2 million are Nepalese speakers. The language is predominantly written in Devanagari, but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retain some use until today.