hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walter Heard
Christianity portal

The Ven. Walter Heard  was Archdeacon of Berbice from 1894 until 1907.

Heard was educated at St Augustine's College, Canterbury and ordained in 1871. After curacies at All Saints, Berbice and St Jude, Berbice heheld incumbencies at Skeldon, Suddie and New Amsterdam.

He retired to Saint Aubin, Jersey.

New Amsterdam, Guyana
New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) is the regional capital of East Berbice-Corentyne, Guyana and one of the country's largest towns. It is 100 kilometres (62 mi) from the capital, Georgetown and located on the eastern bank of the Berbice River, 6 km (4 mi) upriver from its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean, and immediately south of the Canje River. New Amsterdam's population is 14,762 inhabitants as of 2022.
Chumysh
The Chumysh (Russian: Чумыш) is a river in Russia, a right branch of the Ob River. It enters the Ob 88 kilometres (55 mi) downriver from Barnaul. The Chumysh begins at the confluence of the Kara-Chumysh and the Tom-Chumysh rivers in Kemerovo Oblast. The Chumysh is 644 kilometres (400 mi) long, and it drains a basin of 23,900 square kilometres (9,200 sq mi).

About 68 percent of its right-side basin is known as the Salair Ridge (Russian: Салаирский кряж) and the Pre-Salair plains.

Barnaul
Barnaul (Russian: Барнау́л, IPA: [bərnɐˈul] ⓘ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Altai Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Barnaulka and Ob rivers in the West Siberian Plain. As of the 2021 census, its population was 630,877, making it the 20th-largest city in Russia and the fourth-largest in the Siberian Federal District.

Located in the south of western Siberia on the left bank of the Ob River, Barnaul is a major transport, industrial, cultural, medical and educational hub of Siberia. Barnaul was founded by the wealthy Demidov family, who intended to develop the production of copper and silver, which continued after the factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became a major centre of silver production in Russia. Barnaul was granted city status in 1771.
Ivan Musatov
Ivan Mikhailovich Musatov (Russian: Иван Михайлович Мусатов; born 14 February 1976) is a Russian politician and deputy of the 8th State Duma, serving since the 2021 Russian legislative election. Previously, he served as a deputy of the 4th State Duma.  He is a member of the populist oriented Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR).

8th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 8th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации восьмого созыва) is the current convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament.

The composition of the 8th State Duma was determined based on the results of the 2021 legislative election. Elections were held using a mixed system: 225 deputies were elected on party lists and 225 — in single-member constituencies. Of the 14 parties that participated in the elections, only 5 were able to overcome the 5% barrier. And for the first time since 1999, more than four parties were able to form their own factions. Three more parties and five independent candidates were able to win one seat each through single-mandate constituencies.

In accordance with the presidential decree, the first meeting of the 8th State Duma was held on 12 October 2021.
Tricky Nichols
Frederick C. "Tricky" Nichols (July 26, 1850 – August 22, 1897) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball for six seasons from 1875 to 1882. He played for six teams: New Haven Elm Citys in 1875, Boston Red Caps in 1876, St. Louis Brown Stockings in 1877, Providence Grays in 1878, Worcester Ruby Legs in 1880, and Baltimore Orioles in 1882.  He died in his hometown of Bridgeport, Connecticut at the age of 47, and is interred at Lakeview Cemetery.

New Haven Elm Citys
The Elm City baseball club, or New Haven Elm Citys in modern nomenclature, were a professional baseball team based in New Haven, Connecticut ("The Elm City"). They existed for one season, in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players in 1875. The Elm Citys played 47 games during their existence, and had a win–loss record of 7–40.  They played their home games at the Howard Avenue Grounds.  It is considered a major league team by those who count the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players as a major league.
L. Idhayavarman
L. Idhayavarman is an Indian politician and is Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Tirupporur constituency in the by-election in 2019.

2019 elections in India
The elections held in India in 2019 includes the general election, by-elections to the Lok Sabha, elections to 7 state legislative assemblies and numerous other by-elections to state legislative assemblies, councils and local bodies.
Car language
Car (Pū) is the most widely spoken Nicobarese language of the Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal.

Although a member of the Austroasiatic language family, it is typologically much more akin to nearby Austronesian languages such as Nias and Acehnese, with which it forms a linguistic area. Car is a VOS language and somewhat agglutinative. There is a quite complicated verbal suffix system with some infixes, as well as distinct genitive and "interrogative" cases for nouns and pronouns.

Nias language
The Nias language is an Austronesian language spoken on Nias Island and the Batu Islands off the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is known as Li Niha by its native speakers. It belongs to the Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands subgroup which also includes Mentawai and the Batak languages. It had about 770,000 speakers in 2000. There are three main dialects: northern, central and southern. It is an open-syllable language, which means there are no syllable-final consonants.
Wharfedale & Airedale Observer
The Wharfedale Observer, in full Wharfedale & Airedale Observer, is a weekly newspaper published every Thursday of the week by Wharfedale Newspapers of Ilkley, West Yorkshire, England, and part of the Newsquest group. It was briefly known as the Gazette & Observer, in full the Ilkley, Wharfedale and Aireborough Gazette & Observer when it was a combination with the Ilkley Gazette; in that format it began publication on 10 February 2011, but three months later the paper was split off back into the separate newspapers after customer dissatisfaction.

The paper covered the towns of Wharfedale and the upper Aire Valley including Otley, Pool in Wharfedale, Leathley, Yeadon, Guiseley, Rawdon and Horsforth. The bulk of the newspaper was now produced in Ilkley and Bradford. As of 2017 circulation was approximately 10,300, with a readership of almost 26,000 and a cover price of 75p. In 2024 the price was £1.60

Horsforth
Horsforth is a town and civil parish in the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, five miles north-west of Leeds city centre. Historically a village within the West Riding of Yorkshire, it had a population of 18,895 at the 2011 Census. It became part of the City of Leeds metropolitan borough in 1974. In 1999, a civil parish was created for the area, and the parish council voted to rename itself a town council. The area is within the Horsforth ward of Leeds City Council, which also includes the southern part of Rawdon.
Ladybrand
Ladybrand is a small agricultural town in the Free State province of South Africa, situated 18 km from Maseru, the capital of Lesotho. Ladybrand is one of five towns that forms the Mantsopa Local Municipality.  Founded in 1867 following the Basotho Wars, it was named after Lady (Catharina) Brand, the mother of the president of the Orange Free State, Johannes Brand.

The settlement of Ladybrand was created by Voortrekkers to give them control over the territories conquered and captured after the above-mentioned Basotho war.

Johannes Brand
Sir Johannes Henricus Brand, GCMG (popularly known as Sir Jan Brand and sometimes as Sir John Henry Brand or Jan Henrick Brand; 6 December 1823 – 14 July 1888) was a lawyer and politician who served as the fourth state president of the Orange Free State, from 2 February 1864 until his death in 1888. He was the son of Sir Christoffel Joseph Brand (1797–1875), speaker of the Cape legislative assembly, and Catharina Fredrica Küchler.

Johannes Brand married in 1851 to Johanna Sibella Zastron, a daughter of the Registrar of Deeds in Cape Town. The couple had 8 sons and 3 daughters.
Polymake
polymake is a software for the algorithmic treatment of convex polyhedra.

Albeit primarily a tool to study the combinatorics and the geometry of convex polytopes and polyhedra, it is by now also capable of dealing with simplicial complexes, matroids, polyhedral fans, graphs, tropical objects, toric varieties and other objects. In particular, its capability to compute the convex hull and lattice points of a polytope proved itself to be quite useful for different kinds of research.

polymake has been cited in over 300 recent articles indexed by Zentralblatt MATH as can be seen from its entry in the swMATH database.

Integer points in convex polyhedra
The study of integer points in convex polyhedra is motivated by questions such as "how many nonnegative integer-valued solutions does a system of linear equations with nonnegative coefficients have" or "how many solutions does an integer linear program have". Counting integer points in convex polyhedra or other questions about them arise in representation theory, commutative algebra, algebraic geometry,  statistics, and computer science.

The set of integer points, or, more generally, the set of points of an affine lattice,  in a polyhedron is called Z-polyhedron, from the mathematical notation  or Z for the set of integer numbers.
The College Fix
The College Fix is an American  conservative leaning news website focused on higher education. It was created in 2011 by journalist John J. Miller and is published by the nonprofit 501(c)(3) Student Free Press Association (SFPA). The site's slogan is "Breaking campus news, launching media careers." It once claimed to feature "right-minded news and commentary" and often reports on what it describes as "political correctness" with a mission of exposing liberal "bias and abuse" at American colleges.

The Fix features student and non-student writers. It is based in Hillsdale, Michigan. Rick DeVos, the son of former US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos, formerly sat on the Fix's board.

United States Secretary of Education
The United States secretary of education is the head of the United States Department of Education. The secretary serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States, and the federal government, on policies, programs, and activities related to all education in the United States. As a member of the Cabinet of the United States, the secretary is sixteenth in the line of succession to the presidency. Prior to its creation as an Executive Department, there was a non-Cabinet level position called the United States commissioner of education who led the United States Office of Education.

The current secretary of education is Linda McMahon, serving in this role under President Donald Trump.
Bull in the Heather
"Bull in the Heather" is a song by American alternative rock band Sonic Youth from their eighth studio album, Experimental Jet Set, Trash and No Star (1994). It was released to radio as the lead single from the album on April 19, 1994, by Geffen Records. The song was written collectively by Sonic Youth, and production was done by Butch Vig. According to band member Kim Gordon, the song is about "using passiveness as a form of rebellion."

Lee Ranaldo
Lee Mark Ranaldo (born February 3, 1956) is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter, best known as a co-founder of the rock band Sonic Youth. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Ranaldo at number 33 on its "Greatest Guitarists of All Time" list. In May 2012, Spin published a staff-selected top 100 guitarist list, ranking Ranaldo and his Sonic Youth bandmate Thurston Moore together at number 1.
Eutreta simplex
Eutreta simplex is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Eutreta of the family Tephritidae. During the larval stage they form galls on members of the Asteraceae family, such as Artemesia ludoviciana.

Tephritidae
The Tephritidae are one of two fly families referred to as fruit flies, the other family being the Drosophilidae. The family Tephritidae does not include the biological model organisms of the genus Drosophila (in the family Drosophilidae), which is often called the "common fruit fly". Nearly 5,000 described species of tephritid fruit fly are categorized in almost 500 genera of the Tephritidae. Description, recategorization, and genetic analyses are constantly changing the taxonomy of this family. To distinguish them from the Drosophilidae, the Tephritidae are sometimes called peacock flies, in reference to their elaborate and colorful markings. The name comes from the Greek τεφρος, tephros, meaning "ash grey". They are found in all the biogeographic realms.
Amanuensis
An amanuensis (/əˌmænjuˈɛnsɪs/ ə-MAN-yoo-EN-sis) (pl. amanuenses /əˌmænjuˈɛnsiːz/ ə-MAN-yoo-EN-seez) or scribe is a person employed to write or type what another dictates or to copy what has been written by another. Eric Fenby acted as such in assisting the blind and paralysed composer Frederick Delius in writing down the notes he dictated.

In some academic contexts, an amanuensis can assist an injured or disabled person in taking written examinations. It may also be a person who signs a document on behalf of another under the latter's authority.

Academy
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek: Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded c. 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece. The Royal Spanish Academy defines an academy as a scientific, literary or artistic society established with public authority and as a teaching establishment, public or private, of a professional, artistic, technical or simply practical nature.
Pink lake
A pink lake is a lake that has a red or pink colour.  This is often caused by the presence of salt-tolerant algae that produces carotenoids, such as Dunaliella salina, usually in conjunction with specific bacteria and archaea, which may vary from lake to lake. The most common archaeon is Halobacterium salinarum.

Salinity
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).

Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. These in turn are important for understanding ocean currents and heat exchange with the atmosphere.

A contour line of constant salinity is called an isohaline, or sometimes isohale.
2024 Campeones Cup
The 2024 Campeones Cup was the sixth edition of the Campeones Cup, an annual North American soccer match contested between the reigning champion of Major League Soccer and the winner of the Campeón de Campeones of Liga MX.

The match featured the Columbus Crew, winners of the 2023 MLS Cup, and América, the winners of the 2024 Campeón de Campeones. The Columbus Crew hosted the match on September 25, 2024, at the Lower.com Field in Columbus, Ohio, United States.

ScottsMiracle-Gro Field
ScottsMiracle-Gro Field is a soccer-specific stadium in Columbus, Ohio, United States, that serves primarily as the home stadium of the Columbus Crew of Major League Soccer. It opened in 2021 as Lower.com Field, replacing the club's previous home, Historic Crew Stadium. The new stadium cost $314 million and is located at the center of the mixed-use Astor Park development adjacent to the Arena District and downtown. It seats 20,371 spectators and includes 30 suites and 1,900 club seats.
Tiffany Santos
Tiffany Suzanne Santos (born 1980) is an American electrical engineer and materials scientist who works for the research division of Western Digital as an expert on tunnel magnetoresistance, non-volatile memory, and magnetic thin-film memory, and as Director of Non-Volatile Memory Materials Research.

Tunnel magnetoresistance
Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) is a magnetoresistive effect that occurs in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), which is a component consisting of two ferromagnets separated by a thin insulator. If the insulating layer is thin enough (typically a few nanometres), electrons can tunnel from one ferromagnet into the other. Since this process is forbidden in classical physics, the tunnel magnetoresistance is a strictly quantum mechanical phenomenon, and lies in the study of spintronics.

Magnetic tunnel junctions are manufactured in thin film technology. On an industrial scale the film deposition is done by magnetron sputter deposition; on a laboratory scale molecular beam epitaxy, pulsed laser deposition and electron beam physical vapor deposition are also utilized. The junctions are prepared by photolithography.
Hexuronic acid
Hexuronic acid is any uronic acid derived from a hexose. These include fructuronic acids, galacturonic acids, glucuronic acids, guluronic acids, iduronic acids, mannuronic acids, and tagaturonic acids.

In the early 1900s, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was also known as hexuronic acid. This is no longer the case.

Fructuronate reductase
In enzymology, fructuronate reductase (EC 1.1.1.57) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are D-mannonic acid and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are D-fructuronic acid (shown in its keto form), reduced NADH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-mannonate:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include mannonate oxidoreductase, mannonic dehydrogenase, D-mannonate dehydrogenase, and D-mannonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
Agön
Agön is an island in the Bothnian Sea approximately 30 kilometers southeast of Hudiksvall in Hälsingland. It is donated to the city of Hudiksvall.

On Agön there is a timber chapel, Agö chapel, which dates from 1660. The island used to have an important fishing village in Agö harbor on the south side of the island, Agö hamn. The Agö lighthouse at the far end of the east was staffed until 1973.

Agön and the islands to the west of the island, Drakön and Kråkön, belong to Hudiksvall's district and are part of the Agön-Kråkön nature reserve. The whole of the archipelago is mostly covered with mixed coniferous forest, and is home to moose, hares, and grouse.

Hälsingland
Hälsingland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhɛ̌lːsɪŋland] ⓘ), sometimes referred to by the Latin name Helsingia, is a historical province or landskap in central Sweden. It borders Gästrikland, Dalarna, Härjedalen, Medelpad and the Gulf of Bothnia. It is part of the land of Norrland.

Princess Madeleine is currently the duchess of Hälsingland, along with Gästrikland.
Farm to Market Road 1952
Farm to Market Road 1952 (FM 1952) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Texas. The highway begins at U.S. Route 90 Alternate (US 90 Alt.) at Tavener in Fort Bend County and goes north, then west, then north again to State Highway 36 (SH 36) at Wallis in Austin County. The two-lane highway is also named Tavener Road.

Fort Bend County, Texas
Fort Bend County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. The county was founded on December 29, 1837, and organized the next year. It is named for a blockhouse at a bend of the Brazos River. The community developed around the fort in early days. The county seat is Richmond. The largest city located entirely within the county borders is Sugar Land. The largest city by population in the county is Houston, but most of Houston's population is located in neighboring Harris County.

Fort Bend County is included in the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, its population was 822,779, making it the state's eighth-most populous county, and was estimated to be 958,434 in 2024. In 2017, Forbes ranked it the fifth-fastest growing county in the United States.
Papyrus 106
Papyrus 106 is a fragmentary manuscript of the Gospel of John from the New Testament in Greek written on papyrus. It contains text from John 1:29-35 & 1:40-46. It is designated by the siglum 𝔓106 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the early 3rd century. The manuscript is currently housed at the Sackler Library (Papyrology Rooms, shelf number P. Oxy. 4445) at Oxford University in Oxford, England.

Codex Athous Lavrensis
The Codex Athous Laurae is a manuscript of the New Testament written in Greek uncial letters on parchment. It is designated by Ψ or 044 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and δ 6 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament Manuscripts. The manuscript has many gaps in the text, as well as containing handwritten notes (known as marginalia). Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), the codex is dated  to the 8th or 9th century. The codex is currently kept in the Great Lavra monastery (B' 52) on the Athos peninsula.
Anastrangalia reyi sequensi
Anastrangalia reyi sequensi is a subspecies of beetle from the family Cerambycidae, that can be found in such Asian countries as China, Japan, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. The species have brown pronotum.

Prothorax
The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum (dorsal), the prosternum (ventral), and the propleuron (lateral) on each side. The prothorax never bears wings in extant insects (except in some cases of atavism), though some fossil groups possessed wing-like projections. All adult insects possess legs on the prothorax, though in a few groups (e.g., the butterfly family Nymphalidae) the forelegs are greatly reduced. In many groups of insects, the pronotum is reduced in size, but in a few it is hypertrophied, such as in all beetles (Coleoptera). In most treehoppers (family Membracidae, order Hemiptera), the pronotum is expanded into often fantastic shapes that enhance their camouflage or mimicry. Similarly, in the Tetrigidae, the pronotum is extended backward to cover the flight wings, supplanting the function of the tegmina.