hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boyn Ridge
Boyn Ridge (69°7′S 71°48′W﻿ / ﻿69.117°S 71.800°W﻿ / -69.117; -71.800) is the northernmost ridge of the Havre Mountains, north Alexander Island, Antarctica. Situated 5.6 km north-northwest of Satovcha Peak. Following geological work by the British Antarctic Survey, 1976–77, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1980 after Charles Boyn, Director, Agence General Maritime, France, who superintended the building of the expedition ship Pourquoi-Pas? of the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
Dihydromaltophilin
Dihydromaltophilin, or heat stable anti-fungal factor (HSAF), is a secondary metabolite of bacteria in the genera Streptomyces and Lysobacter. HSAF is a polycyclic tetramate lactam containing a single tetramic acid unit and a 5,5,6-tricyclic system. HSAF has been shown to have anti-fungal activity mediated through the disruption of a ceramide synthase that is unique to fungi.

Sphingosine N-acyltransferase
In enzymology, sphingosine N-acyltransferases (ceramide synthases (CerS), EC 2.3.1.24) are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reaction of synthesis of ceramide:

acyl-CoA + sphingosine  CoA + N-acylsphingosine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and sphingosine, whereas its two products are CoA and N-acylsphingosine.

Ceramide synthases are integral membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase. Other names in common use include ceramide synthetase, and sphingosine acyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in sphingolipid metabolism.
Impilahti
Impilahti (Russian: Импила́хти; Karelian: Imbilahti; Swedish: Impilax) is a rural locality in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located at the northern tip of Lake Ladoga near the Finnish border, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) west of Petrozavodsk, the capital city of the Republic of Karelia. The nearest town is Sortavala, which is located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Sortavala. Before World War II, the area belonged to Finland, after which it became part of the Soviet Union.

In 2012 the population of Impilahti was about one thousand. According to the 2010 census, 74% of the population are Russian, 9% Belarusian, 7% Karelian, 3% Ukrainian and 2% Finnish.

Belarusians
Belarusians (Belarusian: беларусы, romanized: biełarusy [bʲeɫaˈrusɨ]) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. They natively speak Belarusian, an East Slavic language. More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99 million Belarusians reside in Belarus, with the United States and Russia being home to more than 500,000 Belarusians each. The majority of Belarusians adhere to Eastern Orthodoxy.
Hitz (surname)
Hitz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Hitz (born 1969), American chef

David Hitz, American engineer

Franz Hitz (1828–1891), Swiss pianist and composer

Frederick Hitz (born 1939), former Inspector General of the CIA

Hans Jakob Hitz (born 1949), German slalom canoeist

Jason Hitz (born 1980), Zimbabwean cricketer

Marwin Hitz (born 1987), Swiss football goalkeeper

Ralph Hitz (1891–1940), Vienna-born American hotel manager

Sarina Hitz (born 2000), Swiss sports shooter

William Hitz (1872–1935), American federal judge

Franz Hitz
Franz Hitz (17 July 1828 – 20 November 1891) was a Swiss pianist and composer who lived and worked in France. He was primarily known for his many piano compositions which were much in vogue as salon music in the latter half of the 19th century.
3rd Massachusetts Militia Regiment
The 3rd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia Regiment was a peacetime regiment of infantry that was activated for federal service in the Union Army for two separate tours during the American Civil War. The regiment consisted of companies from Plymouth and Bristol Counties.

During their first "90 days" term, the regiment mainly served garrison duty in the vicinity of Fortress Monroe on the Virginia Peninsula. Shortly after arriving in Virginia, they took part in the destruction of the Gosport Navy Yard in Norfolk, Virginia on April 20, 1861. The regiment was again activated in September 1862 for a term of nine months, training at Camp Joe Hooker in Lakeville, Massachusetts. The 3rd Massachusetts was stationed in New Bern, North Carolina, participated in several expeditions and saw minor combat including the Battle of Goldsborough Bridge and the Siege of Little Washington.

Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Plymouth County is a county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts, south of Boston. As of the 2020 census, the population was 530,819.  Its county seats are Plymouth and Brockton. In 1685, the county was created by the Plymouth General Court, the legislature of Plymouth Colony, predating its annexation by the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Plymouth County is part of the 
Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lynch Canyon Open Space Park
Lynch Canyon Open Space Park is a park in Solano County, California. Its trails are part of the Bay Area Ridge Trail.

It is named for the Matthew Lynch family. Lynch Canyon Open Space Park has been operated by the Solano County Parks and Recreation Division and the Solano Land Trust since 2007.

Solano County, California
Solano County (/səˈlɑːnoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, its population was 453,491. The county seat is Fairfield.

Solano County comprises the Vallejo–Fairfield metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, combined statistical area. Solano County is the northeastern county in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region.
Guitar wiring
Guitar wiring refers to the electrical components, and interconnections thereof, inside an electric guitar (and, by extension, other electric instruments like the bass guitar or mandolin). It most commonly consists of pickups, potentiometers to adjust volume and tone, a switch to select between different pickups (if the instrument has more than one), and the output socket. There may be additional controls for specific functions; the most common of these are described below.

Farad
The farad (symbol: F) is the unit of electrical capacitance, the ability of a body to store an electrical charge, in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to 1 coulomb per volt (C/V). It is named after the English physicist Michael Faraday (1791–1867). In SI base units 1 F = 1 kg−1⋅m−2⋅s4⋅A2.
Patrick Crawford (soldier)
Patrick Crawford (died 1614) was a Scottish soldier who settled, and became a landowner, in Ireland.

In 1608 Crawford commanded a force of Scottish troops at Strabane and Lifford who following Sir Cahir O'Doherty's Burning of Derry, helped defeat what became known as O'Doherty's Rebellion. For his service, he was awarded 1,000 acres of land near Kilmacrennan in County Donegal, qualifying  as a servitor. There was some resentment of land been given to Crawford and another Scot William Stewart ahead of English and Irish veterans of the Nine Years' War, but they received the backing of James I.

In 1614 Crawford led a force to suppress a rebellion on the isle of Isla off the Scottish Coast, and was killed during fighting there.

Kilmacrennan
Kilmacrennan (Irish: Cill Mhic nÉanáin or Cill Mhic Réanáin), also Kilmacrenan, is a village, townland and civil parish in County Donegal, Ireland. The village population was 888, as of the 2022 census. The village's population has increased steadily over the last decade with many new housing developments catering, in particular, for an overspill population from Letterkenny. Kilmacrennan was historically the caput of its eponymous Barony of Kilmacrennan, of the eight Baronies of Donegal.

The Battle of Kilmacrennan was fought near the village in 1608 during O'Doherty's Rebellion.
Joseph Kaufman (producer)
Joseph Kaufman (sometimes given as Kaufmann) (1911–1961) was an American film producer. He began his career at Monogram Pictures, then working for Roy Del Ruth before moving into independent production.

Sudden Fear
Sudden Fear is a 1952 American film noir thriller film starring Joan Crawford and Jack Palance in a tale about a successful woman who marries a murderous man. Directed by David Miller, the screenplay by Lenore J. Coffee and Robert Smith was based upon the novel of the same name by Edna Sherry.
John Stuart Penton Lumley
John Stuart Penton Lumley (born September 1936) is a former professor of Vascular Surgery at the University of London and former world president of the International College of Surgeons. He is a councilman of the City of London Corporation, where he represents the ward of Aldersgate. He was a council member of the Royal College of Surgeons, chair of two academic boards of the Worshipful Company of Apothecaries, and has written or edited more than 60 medical textbooks.

Aldersgate
Aldersgate is a Ward of the City of London, England, named after one of the northern gates in the London Wall which once enclosed the City.

The Ward of Aldersgate is traditionally divided into Aldersgate Within and Aldersgate Without, the suffix denoting whether the part was within the line of the wall or outside it. The ancient ward boundaries were redrawn in 2013; the names are preserved but their location only loosely approximates to their historic extent.

The gate also gave its name to Aldersgate Street, which runs north from the former gate towards Clerkenwell. The street was wholly part of Aldersgate Without ward until a short section further north was renamed and so added to it.
Kyaw Sein
Kyaw Sein (21 August 1932 – 2 January 2013; Burmese: ကျော်ဆွေ) was a Burmese writer, former professor of psychology, and former Education minister of Myanmar.

He was the last minister of education in the Burma Socialist Programme Party's government.

Education minister
An education minister (sometimes minister of education) is a position in the governments of some countries responsible for dealing with educational matters. Where known, the government department, ministry, or agency that develops policy and delivers services relating to sports are listed; overseen by and responsible to the education minister. The first such ministry ever is considered to be the Commission of National Education (Polish: Komisja Edukacji Narodowej, Lithuanian: Edukacinė komisija) founded in 1773 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Karl August Hindrey
Karl August Hindrey (15 August 1875 Abja Manor, Kreis Pernau – 9 January 1947) was an Estonian writer, journalist and cartoonist. He is mostly known through his psychological short stories and historical novels. He is also considered to be the founder of Estonian comics.

From 1904, he worked in the editorial offices of the newspapers Postimees and Päevaleht. He used the pseudonym Hoia Ronk, when he made contributions to the two newspapers mentioned above. He established two satirical magazines: Sädemed and Kratt.

During the Second World War, his activities were anti-Soviet. He was also one of the Forest Brothers.

He died in 1947. He is buried in Metsakalmistu Cemetery.

Pärnu kreis
The Kreis Pernau (English: Pärnu County; Estonian: Pärnu kreis, Russian: Перновскій уѣздъ, romanized: Pernovskiy uyezd) was one of the nine subdivisions of the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northwestern part of the governorate (in present-day southwestern Estonia). The territory of Kreis Pernau corresponds to most of the present-day Pärnu County and parts of Viljandi and Rapla counties.
Antti Nikkilä
Antti Nikkilä (born 25 August 1978) is a Finnish retired basketball player. He stands 2.10 m (6 ft 11 in) tall and weighs 122 kg (269 lb).

He played college basketball at Valparaiso University from 1999 until 2003, and in the season 2006–2007, played for ČEZ Basketball Nymburk in the Czech basketball league. In June 2007, he was signed by Dinamo Banco di Sardegna Sassari (Italian Legadue basketball league). He also played for ARIS BC.

Valparaiso University
Valparaiso University (Valpo) is a private university in Valparaiso, Indiana, United States. It is an independent Lutheran university with five colleges. It enrolls nearly 2,300 students and has a 350-acre (140 ha) campus.

The university is known for its Lutheran Christian heritage and has one of the largest chapels on a U.S. college campus. In 2025, it accepted 89% of applicants for enrollment.
Cassaro, Sicily
Cassaro (Italian: [ˈkassaro]; Sicilian: U Càssaru, locally U Càssuru) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Syracuse, in the Italiani region of Sicily. The name of Cassaro probably derives from the Latin word castrum, meaning 'castle', 'fort' or 'military camp', 'castle', via Arabic qaṣr (قصر). Cassaro is 52 kilometres (32 mi) from Ragusa and 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of the city of Siracusa. Cassaro has 859 inhabitants.

Ragusa, Sicily
Ragusa (Italian: [raˈɡuːza] ⓘ; Sicilian: Rausa [raˈuːsa]; Latin: Ragusia) is a city and comune, capital of the province of Ragusa in the autonomous island region of Sicily in southern Italy. As of 2025, with a population of 73,778, Ragusa is the 6th-largest city in Sicily and the 74th-largest in Italy.

It is built on a wide limestone hill between two deep valleys, Cava San Leonardo and Cava Santa Domenica. Together with seven other cities in the Val di Noto, it is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Fennell Bay
Fennell Bay is a lakeside suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie, Greater Newcastle in New South Wales, Australia north of the town of Toronto on a bay of the same name, on the north western shore of Lake Macquarie.

Lake Macquarie (New South Wales)
Lake Macquarie (Awabakal: Awaba) is Australia's largest coastal lake. Located in the City of Lake Macquarie and Central Coast Council local government areas in the Hunter and Central Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia, it covers an area of 110 square kilometres (42.5 sq mi) and is connected to the Tasman Sea by a short channel. Most of the residents of the City of Lake Macquarie live near the shores of the lake.

Lake Macquarie is twice as large as Sydney Harbour and is the largest coastal salt water lake in the Southern Hemisphere. It is slightly smaller than Port Stephens, which is about 43 kilometres (27 mi) to the northeast of the lagoon.
Rodrigo Possebon
Rodrigo Pereira Possebon (born 13 February 1989) is a professional football executive and former player who played as a midfielder. He is the current director of football of Athletico Paranaense.

A box-to-box midfielder, as a youth, he played for Internacional in Brazil. He was spotted and signed by Manchester United in 2008. After two unsuccessful years with Manchester United which saw him only making 3 league appearances, he went on loan to Braga of Portugal for the first half of the 2009–10 season. He has since joined various clubs before joining Hồ Chí Minh City in 2018. Due to his ancestry, he was chosen to play for the Italy under-20s, playing one match for them in 2009.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Stochastic dynamic programming
Originally introduced by Richard E. Bellman in (Bellman 1957), stochastic dynamic programming is a technique for modelling and solving problems of decision making under uncertainty. Closely related to stochastic programming and dynamic programming, stochastic dynamic programming represents the problem under scrutiny in the form of a Bellman equation. The aim is to compute a policy prescribing how to act optimally in the face of uncertainty.

Memoization
In computing, memoization or memoisation is an optimization technique used primarily to speed up computer programs. It works by storing the results of expensive calls to pure functions, so that these results can be returned quickly should the same inputs occur again. It is a type of caching, normally implemented using a hash table, and a typical example of a space–time tradeoff, where the runtime of a program is reduced by increasing its memory usage. Memoization can be implemented in any programming language, though some languages have built-in support that make it easy for the programmer to memoize a function, and others memoize certain functions by default.

Memoization has also been used in other contexts (and for purposes other than speed gains), such as in simple mutually recursive descent parsing. In the context of some logic programming languages, memoization is also known as tabling.
Edith Kuiper
Edith Kuiper (born 1960) is the assistant professor of economics at State University of New York at New Paltz, and she was the president of the International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) from 2006 to 2007.

In 1993 Kuiper organized a conference in Amsterdam called, Out of the Margins: feminist perspectives on economic theory. The conference provided a networking opportunity which resulted in the founding of FENN, the Feminist Economics Network in the Netherlands. Further networking led to the formation of the European 'chapter' of IAFFE being established, IAFFE European chapter's first meeting was held at the second Out of the Margins conference in 1998.

Her research areas are the history and philosophy of economics.

State University of New York at New Paltz
The State University of New York at New Paltz (SUNY New Paltz or New Paltz) is a public university in New Paltz, New York, United States. It traces its origins to the New Paltz Classical School, a secondary institution founded in 1828 and reorganized as an academy in 1833.
Armenia national badminton team
The Armenia national badminton team (Armenian: Հայաստանի բադմինտոնի ազգային հավաքական) represents Armenia in international badminton team competitions. The national team is controlled by the Badminton Federation of Armenia, the governing body of Armenian badminton. Armenia competed in the Sudirman Cup in 1989 and 1991 as part of the Soviet Union national badminton team.

The Armenian junior team also participated in the BWF World Junior Championships mixed team event, also known as the Suhandinata Cup.

BWF World Junior Championships
The BWF World Junior Championships is a tournament organized by the Badminton World Federation to crown the best junior badminton players (U-19) in the world. The championship is held annually and consists of two separate competitions: a mixed team championship called the Suhandinata Cup, followed by an individual championship called the Eye Level Cups.
Korea's Next Top Model season 1
The first season of Korea's Next Top Model (or Do-jeon Supermodel Korea) aired from September to December 2010 on OnStyle. On 6 January 2010[2] it was announced that Korean channel Onstyle would begin production of a Korean version of the model search show. Jang Yoon-Ju helmed the judging panel as the host of the show. The international destination was Paris.

This season featured fourteen contestants in its final cast. The prizes for this season included: A cash prize of 100,000,000 South Korean won, a cover shoot and editorial in W Magazine Korea, a contract with SK-II and a modelling contract with ESteem Entertainment.

The winner was 21-year-old Lee Ji-min, who beat fellow finalists Kim Na Rae and Lee Yoo Kyung who both ended up in runner-up position respectively.

South Korean won
The South Korean won, sometimes known as the Republic of Korea won (symbol: ₩; code: KRW; Korean: 대한민국 원), is the official currency of South Korea. The won is technically equal to 100 jeon, but the jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions and appears only in foreign exchange rates. The currency is issued by the Bank of Korea, based in the capital city of Seoul. The South Korean won was first issued in 1949, then was replaced by the South Korean hwan between 1953 and 1962, before the adoption of the current South Korean won in 1962.
Henry Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort
Henry Hugh Arthur FitzRoy Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort (4 April 1900 – 5 February 1984), styled Marquess of Worcester until 1924, was a peer, landowner, society figure and a great authority in the fields of horse racing and fox-hunting. He held the office of Master of the Horse for over forty years (1936–1978), the longest to hold the position. He founded the Badminton Horse Trials and was deemed "the greatest fox-hunter of the twentieth century"; his long tenure as Master of the Beaufort Hunt led to his being universally nicknamed Master and his car bore the private numberplate MFH1. In 1980 he published the authoritative book Fox-Hunting.

Montmorency-Beaufort
Montmorency-Beaufort (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃mɔʁɑ̃si bofɔʁ]) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Through the English noble House of Beaufort and the later peerage of Beaufort, both named after the local castle, it is the ultimate origin of most Beaufort toponyms in the English-speaking world.
Jitka Pivarčiová
Jitka Pivarčiová (born 21 February 1971) is a Czech retired para table tennis player who competed in international table tennis competitions. She is a Paralympic bronze medalist, two-time World bronze medalist and has three consecutive European singles titles.

Pivarčiová is native of Náchod. She is a member of Czech Para Table Tennis Hall of Fame.

Para table tennis
Para table tennis is a parasport that follows the rules set by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).  The usual table tennis rules are in effect with slight modifications for wheelchair athletes. Athletes from disability groups can take part. Athletes receive classifications between 1 and 11. Classes 1–5 are for those in wheelchairs and classes 6–10 for those who have disabilities that allow them to play standing. Within those groups, the higher classification means the more function the athlete has. Class 11 is defined for players with an intellectual disability.