hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transition Magazine
Transition Magazine was established in 1961 by Rajat Neogy as Transition Magazine: An International Review. It was published from 1961 to 1976 in various countries on the African continent, and since 1991 in the United States. In recent years it has been published between twice and four times per year by Indiana University Press, since 2013 on behalf of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University.

Indiana University Press
Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences. Its headquarters are located in Bloomington, Indiana. IU Press publishes approximately 100 new books annually, in addition to 38 academic journals, and maintains a current catalog comprising some 2,000 titles.

Indiana University Press primarily publishes in the following areas: African, African American, Asian, cultural, Jewish, Holocaust, Middle Eastern studies, Russian and Eastern European, and women's and gender studies; anthropology, film studies, folklore, history, bioethics, music, paleontology, philanthropy, philosophy, and religion. IU Press undertakes extensive regional publishing under its Quarry Books imprint.
Huluhu
The huluhu (traditional: 葫蘆胡; simplified: 葫芦胡; pinyin: húlúhú) is a Chinese bowed string instrument in the huqin family of instruments. It has two strings, and its sound box is made from a gourd, with a face made of thin wood.  It is used primarily by the Zhuang people of the southern Chinese province of Guangxi.

The instrument's name is derived from the Chinese words húlú ("gourd") and hú (short for huqin).

Gourd
Gourds include the fruits of some flowering plant species in the family Cucurbitaceae, particularly Cucurbita and Lagenaria. The term refers to a number of species and subspecies, many with hard shells, and some without. Many gourds have large, bulbous bodies and long necks, such as Dipper Gourds, many variations of Bottle Gourd and caveman club gourds. One of the earliest domesticated types of plants, subspecies of the bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria, have been discovered in archaeological sites dating from as early as 13,000 BC. Gourds have had numerous uses throughout history, including as tools, musical instruments, objects of art, film, and food.
S&P Global 100
The S&P Global 100 Index is a stock market index of global stocks from Standard & Poor's.

The S&P Global 100 measures the performance of 100 multi-national companies. It includes 100 large-cap companies from the S&P Global 1200 whose businesses are global in nature, and that derive a substantial portion of their operating income from multiple countries. This index meets the needs of investors wishing to track the performance of global companies. With 100 highly liquid constituents, it is designed to support low-cost, index investment products, including exchange-traded funds and listed derivatives such as futures contracts and options. The companies are selected from 29 local markets, and are weighted in the index by their market capitalization.

S&P Global Ratings
S&P Global Ratings (previously Standard & Poor's and informally known as S&P) is an American credit rating agency (CRA) and a division of S&P Global that publishes financial research and analysis on stocks, bonds, and commodities. S&P is considered the largest of the Big Three credit-rating agencies, which also include Moody's Ratings and Fitch Ratings. Its head office is located on 55 Water Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City.
Southwest Wisconsin Conference
The Southwest Wisconsin Conference is a high school athletic conference in Wisconsin's Driftless Area. Comprising the six largest high schools in the southwest corner of the state, the conference was founded in 2005 and is affiliated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association
The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) is the regulatory body for all high school sports in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Its history dates to 1895, making it the earliest continually existing high school athletic organization in the country. It also provides the licensing program for more than 10,000 officials in the state, and oversees junior high or middle school athletics in about 100 of the state's nearly 400 school districts. Among its duties are the administration of state tournament series in its various sports, overseeing eligibility and conference alignment, and promoting sportsmanship.
Uraga bugyō
Uraga bugyō (浦賀奉行) were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate with responsibility for administration of the port of Uraga, which was a port of inspection for Japanese coastal vessels, especially those proceeding to Edo.

This office was created in 1721, and it was held by one or two fudai daimyōs—always two who were appointed concurrently after 1844.  Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner" or "overseer" or "governor".

Uraga is both a town and a harbour at the entrance of Tokyo Bay, located on the eastern side of the Miura Peninsula, at the northern end of the Uraga Channel.

Uraga Channel
The Uraga Channel (浦賀水道, Uraga-suidō) is a waterway connecting Tokyo Bay to the Sagami Gulf. It is an important channel for ships headed from Tokyo, Yokohama, and Chiba to the Pacific Ocean and beyond.
Nephridiopore
A nephridiopore is a pore at the end of the nephridium, an excretory organ found in invertebrates, such as flatworms and annelids.  Nephridiopores open on the ventral surface of the body wall and allow metabolic wastes filtered by the nephridium to exit the body.

Nephridia are homologous to nephrons or uriniferous tubules found in the kidneys of vertebrates. They occur in two forms: metanephridia, which begin with a nephrostome, and protonephridia, which begin with a flame cell. Fluids collected by the nephrostome or flame cell pass through a ciliated tubule, where essential substances are reabsorbed through active mechanisms and waste products are secreted back into the lumen of the tube. The resulting excretory fluid or urine is then passed out through the nephridiopore.

Reabsorption
In renal physiology, reabsorption, more specifically tubular reabsorption, is the process by which the nephron recovers water and solutes from the tubular fluid (pre-urine) and returns them to the circulating blood. It is called reabsorption (and not absorption) because these substances have already been absorbed once from ingested food and water (particularly in the intestines) and the body is reclaiming them from a fluid stream filtered out of blood in the  glomeruli that is on its way to becoming urine.

Each day, the kidneys filter about 150 liters of blood, while only about 1.5 liters of urine is actually expelled from the body. Reabsorption thus recovers a large proportion of the water filtered by the kidneys and plays a critical role in maintaining the water balance of the body.
Prudent (name)
Prudent is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

Given name:

Prudent de Narbonne (died c. 257), Archdeacon of Narbonne

Prudent Beaudry (1818–1893), mayor of Los Angeles

Prudent Carpentier (born 1922), Canadian politician

Prudent Joye (1913–1980), French track and field runner

Surname:

Émile Prudent (1817–1863), French pianist and composer

Prudent de Narbonne
Prudent de Narbonne (Latin: Prudentius, died c. 257) was a Christian deacon who was martyred in Narbonne in what is now France in the 3rd century. 
He is venerated by the Catholic Church as a saint. His relics are said to have effected various miracles. They were found in a church in Narbonne and taken to Bèze Abbey in 883.
They were held for safe keeping during the Norman invasions in the cathedral of Saint-Étienne de Dijon, then returned to the abbey. Later they were restored to Narbonne, and are held in an elaborate reliquary in Narbonne Cathedral.
Bud Plays Bird
Bud Plays Bird  is a studio album by the jazz pianist Bud Powell, recorded late 1957/early 1958 for Roulette, but unreleased until 1996, when it was rediscovered by Michael Cuscuna and released by Blue Note (under the Roulette label) as part of The Blue Note Collection.

Roulette Records
Roulette Records was an American record company and label founded in 1957 by George Goldner, Joe Kolsky, Morris Levy and Phil Kahl, with creative control given to producers and songwriters Hugo Peretti and Luigi Creatore. Levy was appointed director.

The label had known ties to New York City mobsters. Levy ran the label with an iron fist. In 1958 Roost Records was purchased. Goldner subsequently bowed out of his partnership interest in Roulette and, to cover his gambling debts, sold his record labels Tico, Rama, Gee and—years later—End and Gone to Levy, who grouped them into Roulette. Peretti and Creatore later left Roulette and worked as freelance producers for RCA Victor throughout the 1960s. They co-founded Avco Records in 1969. In 1971 Roulette took over the catalog of Jubilee Records.
Harry Stallworthy
Harry Stallworthy (1895–1976) was a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police known for his exploration of the Arctic and expansion of Canadian sovereignty in Nunavut during territorial negotiations with Norway. Cape Stallworthy was named after him.

Stallworthy emigrated from England in 1913, one year before joining the RCMP. From 1918 to 1919 he participated in the cavalry detachment of the North-West Mounted Police as part of the Canadian Expeditionary Force in Flanders. From 1930 to 1932, he organised a 65 day-long patrol which travelled over 2,000 kilometres (1,200 miles) in search of German biologist Hans Krüger, who had disappeared in the Bache Peninsula. From 1934 to 1935, he guided the Oxford University Ellesmere Land Expedition. On this expedition he reached the latitude 82 degrees 25 minutes north, following which he was made a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. Stallworthy died on December 25, 1976 in Comox, British Columbia, at the age of 81.

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Clare (barony)
Clare (Irish: Baile Chláir) is a historical barony in north-central County Galway, Ireland.

Baronies were mainly cadastral rather than administrative units. They acquired modest local taxation and spending functions in the 19th century before being superseded by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.

Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898
The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 (61 & 62 Vict. c. 37) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that established a system of local government in Ireland similar to that already created for England and Wales by the Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 41) and for Scotland by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 50). The act effectively ended landlord control of local government in Ireland.
Mahali, Ghazipur
Mahali (also before known as Salempur) is a village in Zamania tehsil of Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Salempur was a region in Daudpur but later in 1870 many families came and established the village Mahali and the name was renamed.

Zamania
Zamania is a town in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Its municipal council is subordinate to the Ghazipur District. It is also the administrative head of Zamania tehsil,. It is also a very historical town, it derives its name from Ali Quli Khan Zaman, who was also known as Khan Zaman or Zaman Khan, he was a governor of Jaunpur, and Ghazipur during the time of Akbar.
Yallaroi Shire
Yallaroi Shire was a local government area located in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Goondiwindi via Fossickers Way. The Shire, administered from the town of Warialda, covered an area of 5,340.1 square kilometres (2,061.8 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1906 until 2004, when it was amalgamated with Bingara Shire and part of Barraba to form the Gwydir Shire.

Goondiwindi
Goondiwindi (/ɡʊndəˈwɪndi/) is a rural town and locality in the Goondiwindi Region, Queensland, Australia. It is on the border of Queensland and New South Wales. In the 2021 census, the locality of Goondiwindi had a population of 6,230.
Swan Pond Manor Historic District
Swan Pond Manor Historic District is a national historic district located near Martinsburg, Berkeley County, West Virginia, U.S.A. It encompasses 21 contributing buildings, one site, and one structure, over 2,465 acres. The agricultural district boundaries reflect the Swan Pond Manor land of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, which he set aside in 1747 as a part of his Northern Neck Territory for his personal use.  Notable buildings include the Capt. James Mason House, Kroh-Sprinkle House (1819), Jacob A. Small House, Robert Carter Willis House, Dr. Williams House (a Greek Revival style house built c. 1840), "Hollidale," and "Wood Haven" (1895), Raleigh Morgan House.  Also located in the district is the separately listed Swan Pond.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Berkeley County, West Virginia
Berkeley County is located in the Shenandoah Valley in the eastern panhandle region of West Virginia in the United States. The county is part of the Hagerstown–Martinsburg metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 122,076, making it the second-most populous of West Virginia's 55 counties, behind Kanawha County. The City of Martinsburg is the county seat.
Stuart's burrowing snake
Stuart's burrowing snake (Adelphicos veraepacis)  is a species of colubrid snake. It is endemic to the Guatemala, where it can be found in pine-oak and cloud forests on Sierra de las Minas, the Cuilco Mountains, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes and Sierra de Xucaneb, at elevations of 1,200–2,200 m. It is terrestrial, fossorial and mainly nocturnal. It is threatened by habitat loss from agriculture and the exportation of Chamaedaphne calyculata plants.

Colubridae
Colubridae (/kəˈluːbrɪdiː/, commonly known as colubrids /ˈkɒljʊbrɪdz/, from Latin: coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
2024 WAFF U-19 Championship
The 2024 WAFF U-19 Championship, also known as 2024 Al-Dyar Al-Arbiya WAFF U-19 Championship  (Arabic: بطولة الديار العربية غرب آسيا للشباب) for sponsorship reasons, was the third edition of the WAFF U-19 Championship, the international youth football championship organised by West Asian Football Federation for the men's under-19 national teams of West Asia. Saudi Arabia is hosting the tournament in Taif from 25 June to 5 July 2024. A total of twelve teams played in the tournament, with players born on or after 1 January 2005 eligible to participate.

Iraq were the two-time defending champions, having won the title in every edition so far.

West Asian Football Federation
The West Asian Football Federation (WAFF; Arabic: اتحاد غرب آسيا لكرة القدم) is a regional sub-confederation of association football, governed under the Asian Football Confederation. Founded in 2001, it governs football, futsal and beach football for nations in West Asia. The WAFF consists of 12 member associations.
Floronic Man
Floronic Man (Jason Woodrue), also known as the Plant Master, Floro, and the Seeder, is a supervillain, and antihero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.

The character has been portrayed in live-action by John Glover in the 1997 film Batman & Robin and Kevin Durand in the DC Universe series Swamp Thing.

DC Universe (streaming service)
DC Universe was an American subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) and digital comics service operated by DC Entertainment and Warner Bros. Digital Networks, both divisions of WarnerMedia. Launched on September 15, 2018, the service featured a streaming library of animated series and films based on DC Comics properties, new original television series adapted from DC properties, as well as a rotating back catalogue of DC Comics publications, and online community features. In 2020, the service won the Webby People's Voice Award for Media Streaming.

In June 2020, WarnerMedia began to phase out DC Universe in favor of its new flagship streaming service HBO Max, initially by offering a promotional offer via DC Universe for new subscribers. DC Universe was relaunched as DC Universe Infinite—which is solely a digital comics subscription service—on January 21, 2021. DC Universe's original series and future streaming productions were moved to HBO Max and became Max Originals.
Huseynagha Sadigov (actor)
Huseynagha Alasgar oghlu Sadigov (Azerbaijani: Hüseynağa Ələsgər oğlu Sadıqov, March 21, 1914 – February 23, 1983) was an Azerbaijani theater and film actor. He was awarded the honorary title of People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan SSR (1979).

People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan SSR
The People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan SSR (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan SSR xalq artisti, lit. 'People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan SSR') was an honorary title awarded from 1931 to 1991 (and active from 1928 to 1991), it was granted to artistes of the Azerbaijan SSR for their contributions to the development of Azerbaijani culture in the fields of theater, cinema, music. This award was succeeded by the People's Artiste of Azerbaijan.
Alipor, Navsari
Alipor is a village near Chikhli, Bilimora in the state of Gujarat in western India. The village is on the Indian National Highway 8, which leads to areas such as Ahwa via Waghai and Vansda, and to the hill station of Saputara.

Ahwa
Ahwa is the headquarters of Dang District in the state of Gujarat, in India. It is situated about 1800 feet (549 m) above the sea level. The whole district, inhabited by the tribal people, is a hilly area covered with thick forest. Venomous snakes from here are sent to the Haffkine Institute, Bombay, for preparing injections.

Ahwa was selected as the headquarters of the Dang by James Outram before 1857.
...Live in Chicago
...Live in Chicago is a live album and concert film by American pop rock band Panic at the Disco. Released on December 2, 2008, it documents the band's performances at the Congress Theater in Chicago, Illinois, on May 23 and 24 on the 2008 Honda Civic Tour. At the time of its release the band dropped the exclamation mark from its band name; this would be the last release by the band with the exclamation name dropped.

Brendon Urie
Brendon Boyd Urie (born April 12, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician who is best known as the lead vocalist and frontman of Panic! at the Disco, the only constant member throughout the band's 19-year run.

Many of his songs have achieved commercial success, reaching high spots on Billboard charts and millions of sales. On January 24, 2023, Urie announced that he would disband Panic! at the Disco in order to raise his then-forthcoming child with his wife. He currently plays drums in a band led by former Panic! At the Disco touring guitarist, Mike Viola.
Vučić
Vučić (Serbian Cyrillic: Вучић, pronounced [vǔtʃitɕ] (listenⓘ) is a South Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandar Vučić (born 1970), president of Serbia since 2017

Andrej Vučić, Serbian businessman, brother of Aleksandar

Borka Vučić (1926–2009), acting president of the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia

Dragan Vučić (1955–2020), Serbian-Macedonian composer and singer

The Vučić family, a noble family from Dubrovnik

Ivan Bunić Vučić (1591–1658), Croatian politician and poet

Martin Vučić, Macedonian pop musician

Sanja Vučić (born 1993), Serbian singer

Toma Vučić Perišić (1787–1859), Serbian politician and military leader

Ivan Bunić Vučić
Dživo Vučić Bunić (or Dživo Sarov Bunić; Italian: Giovanni Serafino Bona;  1592 – 6 March 1658), now known predominantly as Ivan Bunić Vučić, was a Croatian baroque poet and politician from the Republic of Ragusa.
Phase space
The phase space of a physical system is the set of all possible physical states of the system when described by a given parameterization. Each possible state corresponds uniquely to a point in the phase space. For mechanical systems, the phase space usually consists of all possible values of the position and momentum parameters. It is the direct product of direct space and reciprocal space. The concept of phase space was developed in the late 19th century by Ludwig Boltzmann, Henri Poincaré, and Josiah Willard Gibbs.

Direct product
In mathematics, a direct product of objects already known can often be defined by giving a new one. That induces a structure on the Cartesian product of the underlying sets from that of the contributing objects. The categorical product is an abstraction of these notions in the setting of category theory.

Examples are the product of sets, groups (described below), rings, and other algebraic structures. The product of topological spaces is another instance.

The direct sum is a related operation that agrees with the direct product in some but not all cases.
Denel Dynamics Umbani
The Umbani (Ndebele/Zulu: lightning) is a precision-guided bomb kit manufactured by Denel Dynamics in South Africa. It consists of a number of modules fitted to NATO standard Mk81, Mk82 or Mk83 low drag free-fall bombs to convert them into guided glide bombs.

Mark 82 bomb
The Mark 82 is a 500-pound (230 kg) unguided, low-drag general-purpose bomb, part of the United States Mark 80 series. The explosive filling is usually tritonal, though other compositions have sometimes been used.

It is manufactured by Australia, the United States and Turkey.
The Radium Woman
The Radium Woman: A youth edition of the life of Madame Curie is a biography of the scientist Marie Curie adapted for children by Eleanor Doorly from the 1937 biography by Ève Curie. It was published by Heinemann in 1939 with woodcuts by Robert Gibbings as chapter headings.

Doorly and The Radium Woman won the fourth annual Carnegie Medal  from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book by a British subject. Only a handful of nonfiction books have been so honoured.

Hesperides Press republished the biography in 2006.

Robert Gibbings
Robert John Gibbings (23 March 1889 – 19 January 1958) was an Irish artist and author who was most noted for his work as a wood engraver and sculptor, and for his books on travel and natural history. Along with Noel Rooke, he was one of the founder members of the Society of Wood Engravers in 1920, and was a major influence in the revival of wood engraving in the twentieth century.
Takashinga Cricket Club
Takashinga Cricket Club is a cricket club in Highfield, Harare. Some of its famous members include Zimbabwe national cricket team captains Andy Flower and Tatenda Taibu. The club's ground is located at the Zimbabwe grounds in the Highfield. As of 2007–08, it is one of the strongest cricket clubs in Zimbabwe.

Zimbabwe national cricket team
The Zimbabwe men's national cricket team, also known as the Chevrons, represents Zimbabwe in men's international cricket and is overseen by Zimbabwe Cricket. Zimbabwe has been a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1992. As of October 2025, Zimbabwe was ranked 11th by the ICC in all three formats of the game: Tests, One Day Internationals (ODIs) and Twenty20 internationals (T20Is).