hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mount Galatea
Mount Galatea is the highest peak of the Kananaskis Range, a subrange of the Canadian Rockies in the province of Alberta. It is located in the upper Spray Lakes Valley of the Kananaskis Country system of provincial parks. The mountain was named after the Royal Navy cruiser HMS Galatea.

Kananaskis Country
Kananaskis Country (also known as K-Country) is a multi-use area located west of Calgary in the foothills and front ranges of the Canadian Rockies, Alberta, Canada. Kananaskis Country has also been referred to as a recreation area and a park system.

The area's western edge borders Banff National Park and the Alberta-British Columbia border. The region owes its name to the Kananaskis River, which was named by John Palliser in 1858 after a legendary Cree Native. Covering an area of approximately 4,000 km2 (1,500 sq mi), Kananaskis Country was established by the Alberta Government in 1978 to provide a variety of land uses and designations. Land uses include resource extraction activities (such as forestry, cattle grazing, water, oil and gas), recreation, power generation, and residential communities. Land designations include public land and protected areas.
Autostrada A2 (Italy)
Autostrada A2, otherwise known as the Autostrada del Mediterraneo ("Mediterranean motorway") or Salerno–Reggio Calabria, is an autostrada (Italian for "motorway") 432 kilometres (268 mi) long in Italy located in the regions of Campania, Basilicata and Calabria. Running between the towns of Fisciano, in the province of Salerno, and Villa San Giovanni, in the province of Reggio Calabria, the motorway forms part of European routes E45, E841 and E90.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
2019 Súper TC2000
The 2019 Súper TC2000 Championship is the 41st season of Turismo Competición 2000 and the 8th season of Súper TC2000. The series began on April in Autódromo Oscar Cabalén and finished on December in Autódromo Parque Provincia del Neuquén.

Autódromo Oscar Cabalén
Autódromo Oscar Cabalén is a 4.045 km (2.513 mi) motorsports circuit located in Villa Parque Santa Ana, Córdoba, Argentina. It has hosted events in the TC2000, Turismo Nacional and Formula Nacional Argentina series. The circuit is named in honour of racing driver, Oscar Cabalén (1928–1967).
Gunnarstorp
Gunnarstorp (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɡɵ̂nːaʂˌtɔrp]) was a locality situated in Bjuv Municipality, Skåne County, the southernmost province in Sweden.

There were 401 inhabitants in 2010, up from 360 five years earlier. By 2015 it merged with Bjuv and lost its status as a separate locality.

The town grew up around a mine that was sunk in 1910 and worked between 1913 and 1946.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Line 13 (CPTM)
Line 13 (Jade) (Portuguese: Linha 13–Jade), also known as the Guarulhos Train, is one of the thirteen lines that make up the São Paulo Metro Rail Transport Network and one of the five lines currently operated by CPTM. The route is 12.2 kilometres (7.6 mi) long with a total of 3 stations. It connects the Engenheiro Goulart Station in São Paulo to the Guarulhos Airport Station, in the city of Guarulhos.

Opened on March 31, 2018, it was the first line completely built and operated by CPTM. That makes São Paulo's São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport (GRU) the first among major South American airport hubs (such as Buenos Aires-Ezeiza, Santiago de Chile, Lima, Bogotá, and Rio de Janeiro-Galeão) to have a direct railway connection. This contrasts with other large airports in the region, which to date still largely rely on buses or taxis to access rail/subway transport, or have railway connection projects still in the planning or construction phase.

Transport in São Paulo
Transport in São Paulo plays a key role in the daily lives of the people of São Paulo and offers various methods of public transport that are offered in the city, including a complex bus system run by SPTrans, and various subway and railway lines. A contactless smartcard is used to pay fares for the buses, subway, and railway systems. São Paulo also has three airports.
Austrochaperina blumi
Austrochaperina blumi is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to New Guinea and known from the northern slopes of the New Guinean Central Range in Western New Guinea (Indonesia), and from the Bewani, Torricelli, and Hunstein Mountains in Papua New Guinea. The specific name blumi honors J. Paul Blum, the herpetologist who collected the type series. Common name Kosarek land frog has been proposed for it.

New Guinea Highlands
The New Guinea Highlands, also known as the Central Range or Central Cordillera, is a long chain of mountain ranges on the island of New Guinea, including the island's highest peak, Puncak Jaya, Indonesia, 16,024 ft (4,884 m), the highest mountain in Oceania. The range is home to many intermountain river valleys, many of which support thriving agricultural communities. The highlands run generally east-west the length of the island, which is divided politically between Indonesia in the west and Papua New Guinea in the east. These mountains stretch from the Weyland Mountains starting in Wondama Bay Regency in the west to the Milne Bay Province in the east.
Park Drive 2000
The Park Drive 2000 was a series of invitational snooker tournaments staged between 1971 and 1972. All four editions were sponsored by Park Drive cigarettes. The four invited players played each other in a round-robin, with the top two then contesting a final. The winner of the final received prize money of £750 and the runner up received £550.

John Spencer won three of the tournaments, with Ray Reardon winning the other. Each final was recorded and shown on BBC Grandstand. The highest break in any of the matches was a 146 compiled by Reardon in the Spring 1972 event.

Grandstand (TV programme)
Grandstand is the flagship sports programme of the BBC which was broadcast on Saturday afternoons on BBC1 between 1958 and 2007, and from 1981 on Sunday afternoons as Sunday Grandstand on BBC2, although until 1998 the Sunday edition aired only during the summer.

The last editions of Grandstand and Sunday Grandstand were broadcast over the weekend of 27–28 January 2007.
J. H. Campbell Generating Plant
J. H. Campbell Generating Plant is a 1,420 MW, three-unit coal-fired generating plant in West Olive, Michigan which uses sub-bituminous coal. It is owned and operated by Consumers Energy, a subsidiary of CMS Energy.

Consumers Energy
Consumers Energy is an investor owned utility that provides natural gas and electricity to 6.7 million of Michigan's 10 million residents.  It serves customers in all 68 of the state's Lower Peninsula counties. It is the primary subsidiary of CMS Energy. The company was founded in 1886 and is currently headquartered in Jackson, Michigan.
Shane Morris
Shane Ryan Morris (born August 4, 1994) is an American former football quarterback. He was a highly touted five-star prospect from De La Salle Collegiate High School in Warren, Michigan, until he endured mononucleosis midway through his senior season. He played in the 2013 Under Armour All-America Game.

Morris saw limited action at Michigan as a freshman until starting in the 2013 Buffalo Wild Wings Bowl in place of starter Devin Gardner. During the 2014 season, he started one game and suffered a concussion.  He did not appear in any games during the 2015 season. He redshirted during the 2015 season was the third-string quarterback (behind Wilton Speight and John O'Korn) for the 2016 Michigan Wolverines football team. He transferred to Central Michigan for his redshirt senior season.

Warren, Michigan
Warren is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Warren borders Detroit to the north, roughly 13 miles (20.9 km) north of downtown Detroit. The population was 139,387 at the 2020 census, making Warren the largest community in Macomb County, the third-largest city in Michigan, and Detroit's largest suburb.

The city is home to a wide variety of businesses, including the General Motors Technical Center, the United States Army Detroit Arsenal, home of the United States Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command and the Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), and the headquarters of Asset Acceptance.
Zarasai offensive
Zarasai offensive (Lithuanian: Zarasų operacija) – a Lithuanian Army offensive against the Soviet Russian occupation in northeastern Lithuania, carried out from August 23 to September 1, 1919, during the Lithuanian–Soviet War. At the end of the operation, units of the Polish Army joined the fight against the Lithuanian forces.

1st Hussar Regiment (Lithuania)
The 1st Hussar Regiment of the Lithuanian Grand Hetman Duke Jonušas Radvila (Lithuanian: 1-asis husarų Lietuvos Didžiojo Etmono Jonušo Radvilos pulkas), also known as the 1st Cavalry Regiment (Lithuanian: 1-asis raitelių pulkas) was a hussar regiment that served in the Lithuanian Army during the Interwar period.
Electoral district of De Grey
De Grey was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1890 to 1901.

The district was located in the Western Australian outback, in the north of the state. It was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 election but was abolished after three parliamentary terms. In 1898, it included the settlement of Condon together with various pastoral leases along the De Grey, Fortescue and Yule Rivers.

Electoral districts of Western Australia
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly is elected from 59 single-member electoral districts. These districts are often referred to as electorates or seats.

The Electoral Distribution Act 1947 requires regular review of electoral boundaries, in order to keep the relative size of electorates within certain limits.  Electoral boundaries are determined by the Western Australian Electoral Commission. Electoral districts are subdivisions of electoral regions for the Legislative Council and have approximately an equal number of electors. The last electoral redistribution was completed in December 2023 and was first applied in the 2025 Western Australia election.
2024 Open Città della Disfida – Doubles
Jacopo Berrettini and Flavio Cobolli were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Zdeněk Kolář and Tseng Chun-hsin won the title after defeating Théo Arribagé and Benjamin Bonzi 1–6, 6–3, [10–7] in the final.

Benjamin Bonzi
Benjamin Bonzi (French pronunciation: [bɛ̃ʒamɛ̃ bɔ̃zi]; born 9 June 1996) is a French professional tennis player. Bonzi has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 42 achieved on 6 February 2023. He also has a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 121 achieved on 19 September 2022.
Praline (nut confection)
Pralines (US: /ˈpreɪliːn/; New Orleans, Cajun, and UK: /ˈprɑːliːn/) are confections containing nuts – usually  almonds, pecans and hazelnuts – and sugar. Cream is a common third ingredient.

There are two main types:

French pralines, a firm combination of almonds or hazelnuts, and caramelized sugar

American pralines, a softer, creamier combination of syrup and pecans, hazelnuts or almonds with milk or cream, resembling fudge

A praline cookie is a chocolate cookie containing ground nuts. Praline is usually used as a filling in chocolates or other sweets.

Cajun English
Cajun English, or Cajun Vernacular English, is a dialect of Southern American English derived from Cajuns living in Southern Louisiana. Cajun English is significantly influenced by Louisiana French, the historical language of the Cajun people, themselves descended from the French-speaking Acadian people. Still, Cajun English is not merely a transitional dialect between French and English; it is a full dialect of English, and most of its speakers today are monolingual anglophones.

Cajun English is considerably distinct from General American English, with several features of French origin remaining strong, including intonation, vocabulary, and certain accent features. The Cajun accent is frequently described as flat within Cajun Country.
Go-Feet Records
Go-Feet Records was an English record label founded by, and predominantly used to release recordings by, the ska revival band the Beat (known as the English Beat in North America). The band had some chart success in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. The label also released a few recordings by other bands. The Beat's first release was on 2 Tone Records, but when Madness struck a deal with Stiff Records, the Beat left to form their own label. As of 2025, The Beat's catalogue now operates under Warner Music Group's Rhino Entertainment.

The label was distributed over the years by labels such as Arista, London, Edsel, and BMG Rights Management.

Madness (band)
Madness are an English ska and pop band from Camden Town, north west London, who formed in 1976. One of the most prominent bands of the late-1970s/early-1980s two-tone ska revival, they continue to perform with six of the seven members of their original line-up. Madness's most successful period was from 1980 to 1986, when the band's songs spent a total of 214 weeks on the UK Singles Chart, jointly holding the record with English reggae group UB40 for most weeks spent by a group in the UK singles chart during the 1980s.

Madness have had 16 singles reach the UK top ten, including "One Step Beyond", "Baggy Trousers" and "It Must Be Love"; one UK number-one single, "House of Fun"; and two number ones in Ireland, "House of Fun" and "Wings of a Dove". "Our House" was their biggest US hit, reaching number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2000, the band received the Ivor Novello Award from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors for Outstanding Song Collection.
Kit Rachlis
Kit Rachlis is an American journalist and editor who has held posts at The Village Voice, LA Weekly, Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles magazine, The American Prospect, The California Sunday Magazine, and currently ProPublica.

Rachlis has been described as a practitioner of the long-form nonfiction narrative. Writers working under his guidance have been awarded a number of prizes, including the Pulitzer. In addition, he has edited more than a dozen books, including The Color of Law by Richard Rothstein.

Richard Rothstein
Richard Rothstein (born 1939) is an American academic and author affiliated with the Economic Policy Institute, and a senior fellow (emeritus) at the Thurgood Marshall Institute of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. His current research focuses on the history of segregation in the United States with regard to education and housing.
Military administration
Military administration identifies both the techniques and systems used by military departments, agencies, and armed services involved in managing the armed forces. It describes the processes that take place within military organisations outside combat, particularly in managing military personnel, their training, and services they are provided with as part of their military service.

In cases of military government, for example during a military occupation, the management and control of civilians, and provision of services to them, may also be in scope.

In many ways military administration serves the same role as public administration in the civil society, and is often cited as a source of bureaucracy in the government as a whole. Given the wide area of application, military administration is often qualified by specific areas of application within the military, such as logistics administration, administration of doctrine development or military reform administration.

Military doctrine
Military doctrine is the expression of how military forces contribute to campaigns, major operations, battles, and engagements. A military doctrine outlines what military means should be used, how forces should be structured, where forces should be deployed, and the modes of cooperation between types of forces. "Joint doctrine" refers to the doctrines shared and aligned by multinational forces or joint service operations.

There are three broad categories of military doctrines: (1) Offensive doctrines aim to punish an adversary, (2) Defensive doctrines aim to deny an adversary, and (3) Deterrent doctrines aim to disarm an adversary. Different military doctrines have different implications for world politics. For example, offensive doctrines tend to lead to arms races and conflicts.
Gundelach
Gundelach is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Finn Olav Gundelach (1925–1981), Danish diplomat and European Commissioner

Gustav Gundelach (1888–1962), German politician

Hans-Jürgen Gundelach (born 1963), German footballer

Herbert Gundelach (1899–1971), German World War II general

Herlind Gundelach (born 1949), German politician

Mark Gundelach (born 1992), Danish footballer

Finn Olav Gundelach
Finn Olav Gundelach (23 April 1925 – 13 January 1981) was a Danish diplomat and European Commissioner who served as Vice-President of the European Commission from 6 January 1977 until his death on 13 January 1981.

Gundelach was educated from the University of Aarhus in 1951. From 1955 to 1959 he was the Danish ambassador to the United Nations. In 1959 he was named director of the trade branch of GATT and vice director of the entire GATT in 1965. He left GATT in 1967 in order to become Danish ambassador to the EC.

In 1973 he was named as the first Danish European Commissioner by prime minister Anker Jørgensen. He was commissioner from 6 January 1973 until his death in 1981 from a sudden heart attack.
Flisbyen BK
Flisbyen Ballklubb is a Norwegian football club from Lillestrøm. It was founded in 1991.

The men's team currently resides in the Fourth Division, the fifth tier of Norwegian football. In 2011, they played in the Third Division. In 2010 and 2011, the club contracted several former players of Lillestrøm SK and Skjetten SK, such as Torgeir Bjarmann, Harald Hauge, Thomas Bjerk, Marius Gullerud and Mahmod Hejazi.

2011 Norwegian Third Division
The 2011 season of the 3. divisjon, the fourth highest association football league for men in Norway.

Between 22 and 26 games (depending on group size) are played in 12 groups, with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Twelve group winners are promoted to the 2. divisjon.

The 3. divisjon was streamlined to only 12 groups, compared to 24 groups in 2010.
Aluminium(I) compounds
In chemistry, aluminium(I) refers to monovalent aluminium (+1 oxidation state) in both ionic and covalent bonds. Along with aluminium(II), it is an extremely unstable form of aluminium.

While late Group 13 elements such as thallium and indium prefer the +1 oxidation state, aluminium(I) is rare. Aluminium does not experience the inert-pair effect, a phenomenon where valence s electrons are poorly shielded from nuclear charge due to the presence of filled d and f orbitals. As such, aluminium (III) (Al3+) is the much more common oxidation state for aluminium.

Aluminium(I) compounds are both prone to disproportionation and difficult to prepare. At standard conditions, they readily oxidize to the aluminium(III) form.

Inert-pair effect
The inert-pair effect is the tendency of the two electrons in the outermost atomic s-orbital to remain  unshared in compounds of post-transition metals. The term inert-pair effect is often used in relation to the increasing stability of oxidation states that are two less than the group valency for the heavier elements of groups 13, 14, 15 and 16. The term "inert pair" was first proposed by Nevil Sidgwick in 1927. The name suggests that the outermost s electron pairs are more tightly bound to the nucleus in these atoms, and therefore more difficult to ionize or share.

For example, the p-block elements of the 4th, 5th and 6th period come after d-block elements, but the electrons present in the intervening d- (and f-) orbitals do not effectively shield the s-electrons of the valence shell. As a result, the inert pair of ns electrons remains more tightly held by the nucleus and hence participates less in bond formation.
Asorgli State
The Asorgli State (French: État d'Asorgli) is a traditional area in the Volta Region of Ghana. It covers an area from Atimpoko in the west through Ho, to Aflao in the east. The traditional area has several Paramount Chiefs who swear allegiance to the Agbogbomefia - King of the Asɔgli State.

The current Agbogbomefia of the Asorgli State and President of Asogli Traditional Area is Togbe Afede XIV who is also a former President of the National House of Chiefs.

Aflao
Aflao is a border town in the Ketu South District in the Volta Region of Ghana on the border with Togo.  It is the twenty-eighth most populous settlement in Ghana, in terms of population, with a population of 66,546 people (according to a 2012 estimate).
Paramaribo District
Paramaribo is a district of Suriname, coextensive with the capital city of Paramaribo.

Paramaribo district has a population of 240,924, almost half the population of the entire country, and an area of 182 km2.

The area was first colonised by the British in the 17th century with the construction of Fort Willoughby. This fort was later taken by the Netherlands and renamed Fort Zeelandia. The area, and the city of Paramaribo, switched between Dutch and British control until the Treaty of Breda at the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War ceded all of Suriname to the Dutch.

Fort Willoughby, U.S. Virgin Islands
Fort Willoughby (previously Prince Frederik's Battery) is a historic fort on Hassel Island in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

The fort was built in 1777-1780 by the Danish, who originally named it Prince Frederik's Battery. At that time, Hassel Island was part of the Danish West Indies. During their first occupation of the Danish West Indies (1801-1802), the British took over the fort and renamed it Fort Willoughby. The British used the fort again during their second occupation of the Danish West Indies (1807-1815).

Originally, the fort consisted of parapet wall, gun platform, barracks, magazine, and storeroom, as well as kitchen, cistern, and privy. Today, the remains of the fort consist of the remnants of the magazine, barracks, and cistern.

Fort Willoughby is protected within the Virgin Islands National Park. It contributes to the Hassel Island Historic District, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1976.