hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hsinbyushin Ayedawbon
Hsinbyushin Ayedawbon (Burmese: ဆင်ဖြူရှင် အရေးတော်ပုံ) is an 18th-century Burmese chronicle of the first four years of King Bodawpaya of the Konbaung dynasty. Despite the name Hsinbyushin, it is not the chronicle of Bodawpaya's famous brother King Hsinbyushin.

The chronicle covers the early reign up to 1786, and consists of 74 palm leaves with 12 lines to a leaf. It provides a detailed account of how the new capital of Amarapura was built, the 1784–1785 Arakan campaign under Crown Prince Thado Minsaw, and how the Mahamuni Buddha was brought back to Amarapura. Moreover, it includes the palace customs, including how royal appurtenances were arranged, court dresses, etc., which are not found in the main chronicles.

Amarapura
Amarapura (Burmese: အမရပူရ, romanized: aamarapuur, pronounced [ʔəməɹa̰pùɹa̰], lit. 'The Immortal City'; also spelt as Ummerapoora) is a former capital of Myanmar, and now a township of Mandalay city. Amarapura is bounded by the Irrawaddy River in the west, Chanmyathazi Township in the north, and the ancient capital site of Ava (Inwa) in the south. It was the capital of Myanmar twice during the Konbaung period (1783–1821 and 1842–1859) before finally being supplanted by Mandalay 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north in 1859. It is historically referred to as Taungmyo (Southern City) in relation to Mandalay. Amarapura today is part of Mandalay, as a result of urban sprawl. The township is known today for its traditional silk and cotton weaving, and bronze casting. It is a popular tourist day-trip destination from Mandalay.
Internet censorship and surveillance in Africa
Unclassified / No data

This list of Internet censorship and surveillance in Africa provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries in Africa.

Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the Freedom on the Net reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.

Self-censorship
Self-censorship is the act of censoring or classifying one's own discourse, typically not out of fear or deference to the perceived preferences, sensibilities, or infallibility of others, and often without overt external pressure. Self-censorship is commonly exhibited by film producers, directors, publishers, journalists, musicians, and social media personalities.

Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees freedom of speech from all forms of censorship. Article 19 explicitly states that "everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers."

The practice of self-censorship, like that of censorship itself, has a long history.
Pelli Sambandham
Pelli Sambandham (transl. Marriage Alliance) is a 2000 Indian Telugu-language comedy-drama film, produced by C. Aswini Dutt and K. Raghavendra Rao and directed by K. Raghavendra Rao. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Sumanth, Sakshi Shivanand, Sanghavi, with music composed by S. A. Rajkumar. The film is a remake of the Tamil language film Pooparika Varugirom (1999).

Sakshi Shivanand
Sakshi Shivanand is an Indian actress, who has appeared in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi films. Her most notable work is Aapko Pehle Bhi Kahin Dekha Hai which was directed by Anubhav Sinha and co-starred Priyanshu Chatterjee, Om Puri and Farida Jalal. She has also lent her voice to Cinderella in The Story of Cinderella, an animation television series telecast in India on Just Kids! on Sahara TV.
Helix (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Helix (Ancient Greek: Ἕλικα means 'winding, twisted') was an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by an unknown woman.

Lycaon (king of Arcadia)
In Greek mythology, Lycaon (/laɪˈkeɪɒn/; Attic Greek: Λυκάων, romanized: Lukáōn, Attic Greek: [ly.kǎː.ɔːn]) was a king of Arcadia who, in the most popular version of the myth, killed and cooked his son Nyctimus and served him to Zeus, to see whether the god was sufficiently all-knowing to recognize human flesh. Disgusted, Zeus transformed Lycaon into a wolf, while Nyctimus was restored to life.

Despite being notorious for his horrific deeds, Lycaon was also remembered as a culture hero: he was believed to have founded the city Lycosura, to have established a cult of Zeus Lycaeus and to have started the tradition of the Lycaean Games, which Pausanias thinks were older than the Panathenaic Games. According to Gaius Julius Hyginus (d. AD 17), Lycaon dedicated the first temple to Hermes of Cyllene.
Lenny McAllister
Leonard Francis McAllister Jr. (born January 13, 1972) is an American political commentator for a number of newspapers and websites, including RedState, AOL, and The Root. He was the 2016 Republican Candidate for US Congress in Pennsylvania's 14th district after winning the primary by way of write-in votes, tripling the requirement for the nomination. From 2008 through 2017, his media platform including hosting shows on the Pittsburgh Cable News Channel and KDKA (1020AM/101.1FM) in Pittsburgh and WVON in Chicago as well as appearing regularly on CNN, HLN, Al Jazeera America, Radio New Zealand, and other outlets. As an African-American that is part of the Black Conservatism movement, he is often attributed to positions that mirror some civil rights activists including his positions on ending stop and frisk practices on African-Americans as a violation of the Constitution.

Pittsburgh Cable News Channel
The Pittsburgh Cable News Channel (PCNC) is a cable news channel and digital subchannel of WPXI serving the Western Pennsylvania area. It is owned by Cox Media Group. PCNC simulcasts or replays much of WPXI's programming. It continues to produce two original talk shows, "Pittsburgh Now" and "Night Talk", along with local news and regional business news.
Animal Yokochō
Animal Yokochō (アニマル横町, Animaru Yokochō; trans. Animal Alley) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ryo Maekawa and serialized in Ribon Magazine, Ribon Original and Ribon Bikkuri. It is the story about a little girl who has a doorway to another world in her room, from which three bizarre and frequently-annoying stuffed animal-like creatures emerge to make her life "interesting". This manga's characters originally appeared in Ribon Original as quiz column's characters.

The manga won the award for children's manga at the 51st Shogakukan Manga Awards.

Children's anime and manga
Children's manga (Japanese: 子供向け漫画, Hepburn: kodomo-muke manga) and children's anime (子供向けアニメ, kodomo-muke anime) refer to manga and anime directed towards children. These series are usually moralistic, often educating children about staying in the right path in life. Each chapter is usually a self-contained story. An example of a notable children's anime is Doraemon.
Jonathan Lastra
Jonathan Lastra Martínez (born 3 June 1993 in Bilbao) is a Spanish cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Cofidis. In August 2018, he was named in the startlist for the Vuelta a España, which was his first Grand Tour.

2018 Vuelta a España
The 2018 Vuelta a España was a three-week Grand Tour cycling stage race that took place in Spain between 25 August and 16 September 2018. The race was the 73rd edition of the Vuelta a España and was the final Grand Tour of the 2018 cycling season. The race started in Málaga and finished in Madrid.

The race was won by British rider Simon Yates from the team Mitchelton–Scott.
Chlorosulfolipid
Chlorosulfolipids are a class of naturally occurring molecules that are characterized as being stereochemically complex.  These polychlorinated structures have been isolated from the freshwater alga Ochromonas danica, and are proposed to serve a structural role within the membranes of this species.  The high extent of chlorination in these natural products is suspected to be influenced by the concentration of chlorine ion in the surrounding environment.  In addition to being integral components of algal membranes, chlorosulfolipids are also known to inhibit protein kinases.  Furthermore, some of these complex molecules that have been isolated from toxic mussels are associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning.  The lipid malhamensilipin A, isolated by the groups of Slate and Gerwick in 1994, displayed both antimicrobial activity as well as an inhibition of the pp60 protein tyrosine kinase.

Protein kinase
A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases which modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules. Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein (substrate) by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. The human genome contains about 500 protein kinase genes and they constitute about 2% of all human genes. There are two main types of protein kinase. The great majority are serine/threonine kinases, which phosphorylate the hydroxyl groups of serines and threonines in their targets. Most of the others are tyrosine kinases, although additional types exist. Protein kinases are also found in bacteria and plants. Up to 30% of all human proteins may be modified by kinase activity, and kinases are known to regulate the majority of cellular pathways, especially those involved in signal transduction.
Herbert Gardner (rugby union)
Herbert Prescott Gardner (4 December 1854 – 7 December 1938) was an English international rugby union player.

The son of a British Army officer, Gardner was born in Cawnpore, British India, but educated in England, attending Wellington College. He had escaped Delhi with his mother during the rebellion when he was two years old.

Gardner played rugby in his youth and in 1878 was capped for England as a forward against Ireland at Lansdowne Road in Dublin. He contributed a try for his team, for which he isn't credited with any points, as only goals kicked were registered as scores at this time. He was a member of the Richmond club.

Immigrating to Australia, Gardner settled at "Dingyarra" in the Cressbrook Estate, Queensland, where he farmed.

Richmond F.C.
Richmond Rugby Club is a rugby union club in Richmond, London, England. It is a founding member of the Rugby Football Union, and is one of the oldest football clubs (of any code). It fields teams in both men's and women's rugby; the men's first team currently play in Champ Rugby in the 2nd tier of the English rugby union system, following their promotion from the 2024–25 National League 1, while the women's first team play in the Women's Championship.
Stacpoole
Stacpoole is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frederick Stacpoole (1813–1907), English engraver

Henry De Vere Stacpoole (1863–1951), Irish author

Richard Fitzgeorge de Stacpoole, 1st Duke de Stacpoole (1787–1848), Anglo-French Catholic aristocrat

William Stacpoole (1830–1879), Irish nationalist politician

Henry de Vere Stacpoole
Henry de Vere Stacpoole (9 April 1863 – 12 April 1951) was an Irish author. His 1908 romance novel The Blue Lagoon has been adapted into multiple films. He published using his own name and sometimes the pseudonym Tyler de Saix.
Dyabrino
Dyabrino (Russian: Дябрино) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Alexeyevskoye Rural Settlement of Krasnoborsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 374 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.

Krasnoborsky District
Krasnoborsky District (Russian: Краснобо́рский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnoborsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Verkhnetoyemsky District in the north, Udorsky District of the Komi Republic in the northeast, Lensky District in the east, Kotlassky District in the south, and with Ustyansky District in the west. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasnoborsk. District's population:  13,815 (2010 Census); 17,144 (2002 Census); 20,491 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Krasnoborsk accounts for 34.5% of the district's total population.
2003 CPISRA Soccer World Championships
The 2003 CPISRA Football 7-a-side World Championships was the world championship for men's national 7-a-side association football teams. CPISRA stands for Cerebral Palsy International Sports & Recreation Association. Athletes with a physical disability competed. The Championship took place in Argentina from 8 to 22 October 2003.

Football 7-a-side was played with modified FIFA rules. Among the modifications were that there were seven players, no offside, a smaller playing field, and permission for one-handed throw-ins. Matches consisted of two thirty-minute halves, with a fifteen-minute half-time break. The Championships was a qualifying event for the Athens 2004 Paralympic Games.

Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association
The Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association (CPISRA), a founding member of the Paralympic movement, was an international sports and recreation association for cerebral palsy and related neurological conditions. CPISRA organised recreational opportunities, developed adaptive sports and organised sport events for people with Cerebral Palsy and related neurological conditions. CPISRA was formed in 1969. It was made up of worldwide members and a community of volunteers including an advisory board, specialist committees and networks.

In November 2022, CPISRA merged with IWAS (International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation) to form World Abilitysport.

CPISRA and IWAS were both IOSD members of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Combined they are the IPC’s IOSD for persons with physical disability.
Bacon baronets
There have been three baronetcies created for members of the Bacon family, all in the Baronetage of England. As of 2026, one creation is extinct and two of the creations are extant. The extant titles have been merged since 1755.

Bacon baronets of Redgrave (1611)

Bacon baronets of Mildenhall (1627)

Bacon baronets of Gillingham (1662)

Bacon baronets of Gillingham (1662)
The Bacon baronetcy, of Gillingham in the County of Norfolk, was created in the Baronetage of England on 7 February 1662 for Nicholas Bacon.He was the son of Nicholas Bacon, fourth son of the 1st Baronet of the 1611 creation, and brother of the 1st Baronet of the 1627 creation. His two sons, the 2nd and 3rd Baronets, both succeeded in the title. They both died young and the title became extinct on the latter's death in 1685.
Vevay Park, Illinois
Vevay Park is an unincorporated community in Cumberland County, Illinois, United States.  It is located 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west-southwest of Casey, Illinois.

The community was established about 1869 by the Vandalia Railroad, and called "Long Point Station".  Grant Pickett, who operated a pumping station for the railroad, renamed the town after his former home of Vevay, Indiana.

A post office was established in 1883 and named "Vevay"; the name was changed to Vevay Park in 1887.

Casey, Illinois
Casey (/ˈkeɪzi/) is a city in Clark and Cumberland counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. The population was 2,404 at the 2020 census.

The Cumberland County portion of Casey is part of the Charleston–Mattoon Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Casey is noted for its outdoor sculptures listed as Guinness World Records for their size, including the Wind Chime, Rocking Chair, and more.
Franz Jevne State Park
Franz Jevne State Park is a state park of Minnesota, USA. It is located on the Rainy River (which demarks the Canada–United States border) between International Falls and Baudette in Koochiching County.

Mammalian species of beaver, timber wolf, and moose roam in this park. Many birds are found along the Rainy River by visitors such as various songbirds, woodpeckers, pelicans, and bald eagles.

The land for the 118-acre (0.48 km2) park was donated to the state by the Franz Jevne family; the park was created in 1967 by the Minnesota Legislature. By area, it is the smallest of Minnesota's state parks.

International Falls, Minnesota
International Falls (sometimes referred to as I-Falls) is a city in and the county seat of Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 5,802 at the time of the 2020 census.

International Falls is located on the Rainy River directly across from Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada. The two cities are connected by the Fort Frances–International Falls International Bridge. Voyageurs National Park is located 11 miles east of International Falls. There is a major U.S. Customs and Border Protection Port of Entry on the International Falls side of the toll bridge and a Canadian Customs entry point on the north side of the bridge.

International Falls is nicknamed the "Icebox of the Nation", with an average of 109.4 days per year with a high temperature below 32 °F (0 °C).
Conrad–Limpach synthesis
The Conrad–Limpach synthesis is the condensation of anilines (1) with β-ketoesters (2) to form 4-hydroxyquinolines (4) via a Schiff base (3). The overall reaction type is a combination of both an addition reaction as well as a rearrangement reaction. This reaction was discovered by Max Conrad (1848–1920) and Leonhard Limpach (1852–1933) in 1887 while they were studying the synthesis of quinoline derivatives.

The Conrad-Limpach synthesis

Chemical Reviews
Chemical Reviews is peer-reviewed scientific journal published twice per month by the American Chemical Society. It publishes review articles on all aspects of chemistry. It was established in 1924 by William Albert Noyes (University of Illinois). The editor-in-chief is Sharon Hammes-Schiffer.
Lluïsa Vidal
Lluïsa Vidal i Puig (Barcelona, 2 April 1876 – 22 October 1918) was a painter. Raised in a well-off family closely related to Catalan modernist circles, she is known as the only professional woman painter of Catalan modernism, and one of the few women of that period who went abroad to receive art lessons.

Enrique Granados
Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916), commonly known as Enrique Granados in Spanish or Enric Granados in Catalan, was a Spanish composer of classical music, and concert pianist from Catalonia, Spain. His most well-known works include Goyescas, the Twelve Spanish Dances, and María del Carmen.
Psycho's Path
Psycho's Path is a studio album by John Lydon, released by Virgin Records in 1997. It is his only solo album. Lydon sang on all the songs and played most of the instruments, with additional guitars and keyboards supplied by Martin Lydon and Mark Saunders.

The Chemical Brothers
The Chemical Brothers are an English electronic music duo formed by Ed Simons and Tom Rowlands in Manchester in 1992. They were pioneers in bringing the big beat genre to the forefront of pop culture.

Originally known as The Dust Brothers, they changed their name due to the existence of another band with the same name. Their first album Exit Planet Dust sold over one million copies and debuted at No. 9 on the UK Albums Chart. After attracting Virgin Records, the duo achieved further success with their second album Dig Your Own Hole (1997), which topped the UK chart. They have had six No. 1 albums and 13 top-20 singles in the UK, including two chart-toppers. They have won six Grammy Awards, including Best Rock Instrumental Performance, Best Dance Recording, and Best Dance/Electronic Album.
The Heptones
The Heptones are a Jamaican rocksteady and reggae vocal trio most active in the 1960s and early 1970s. They were one of the more significant trios of that era, and played a major role in the gradual transition between ska and rocksteady into reggae with their three-part harmonies. The Heptones were contemporaries of the Wailers and the Maytals, and every bit their equal in the mid-1960s.

Trio (music)
In music, a trio (from the Italian) is any of the following:

a composition for three performers or three musical parts

in larger works, the middle section of a ternary form (so named because of the 17th-century practice of scoring the contrasting second or middle dance appearing between two statements of a principal dance for three instruments)

an ensemble of three instruments or voices performing trio compositions.
La ragazza di Bube (film)
La ragazza di Bube  is a 1963 Italian crime film drama directed by Luigi Comencini and starring Claudia Cardinale and George Chakiris.

In terms of plot the film is a relatively faithful adaptation of  Carlo Cassola’s 1960 novel La ragazza di Bube; but its atmosphere is distinctly different, as the protagonists Mara and Bube, adolescents in the book, are interpreted here as young adults.

The film was nominated for a Golden Bear Award at the 14th Berlin International Film Festival and won the best production at the David di Donatello Awards. Claudia Cardinale was awarded the Nastro d'Argento for Best Actress (Migliore Attrice Protagonista) by the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists for her performance in the role of as Mara.

The film was released in the United States in 1964 with the title Bebo's Girl.

Luigi Comencini
Luigi Comencini (Italian: [luˈiːdʒi komenˈtʃiːni]; 8 June 1916 – 6 April 2007) was an Italian film director. Together with Dino Risi, Ettore Scola, and Mario Monicelli, he was considered among the masters of the "commedia all'italiana" genre.

His daughters Cristina and Francesca are both film directors.
Ice-Capades
Ice-Capades is a 1941 American comedy film directed by Joseph Santley and starring James Ellison, Phil Silvers, and Barbara Jo Allen. Its score, composed by Cy Feuer, was nominated for the Best Scoring of a Musical Picture. The film's sets were designed by the art director John Victor Mackay. It marked the screen debuts for the ice skaters Belita and Vera Ralston, both of whom went on to star in a number of films at Monogram and Republic respectively.

Academy Award for Best Original Score
The Academy Award for Best Original Score is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to the best substantial body of music in the form of dramatic underscoring written specifically for the film by the submitting composer. Some pre-existing music is allowed, though, but a contending film must include a minimum of original music. This minimum since 2021 is established as 35% of the music, which is raised to 80% for sequels and franchise films. Fifteen scores are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Saturday in the Park (music festival)
Saturday in the Park is an annual festival that is held at Grandview Park Municipal Bandshell in Sioux City, Iowa first held in 1991. The festival falls on the Saturday closest to the 4th of July and attracts around 50,000 people from all over the Midwest for the weekend. The festival coincides with an annual pilgrimage of representatives from Sioux City's sister city, Lake Charles, Louisiana, adding a Mardi Gras-inflected Cajun accent.

Mardi Gras
Mardi Gras (UK: /ˌmɑːrdi ˈɡrɑː/; US: /ˈmɑːrdi ɡrɑː/), also known as Shrove Tuesday, is the final day of Carnival (also known as Shrovetide or Fastelavn); it thus falls on the day before the beginning of Lent on Ash Wednesday. Mardi Gras ([maʁdi ɡʁa]) is French for "Fat Tuesday", referring to it being the last day of consuming rich, fatty foods, most notably red meat, in preparation for the Christian fasting season of Lent, during which such foods are avoided.

Related popular practices are associated with Carnival celebrations before the fasting and religious obligations associated with the penitential season of Lent. In countries such as the United Kingdom, Mardi Gras is more usually known as Pancake Day or (traditionally) Shrove Tuesday, derived from the word shrive, meaning "to administer the sacrament of confession to; to absolve".