hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exoteliospora
The Exoteliospora is a monotypic, genus of smut fungi in the family Melanotaeniaceae which contains the single species Exoteliospora osmundae.

The species found on the fronds of Osmunda regalis in Vermont, USA was originally described and published as Ustilago osmundae by American mycologist Peck in 1881, before being renamed in 1999 by R. Bauer, Oberw. & Vánky.

Charles Horton Peck
Charles Horton Peck (March 30, 1833 – July 11, 1917) was an American mycologist of the 19th and early 20th centuries. He was the New York State Botanist from 1867 to 1915, a period in which he described over 2,700 species of North American fungi.
Cephalus (son of Deione/Deioneus)
In Greek mythology, Cephalus (/ˈsɛfələs/; Ancient Greek: Κέφαλος Kephalos) was an Aeolian prince, the son of Deion/Deioneos, ruler of Phocis, and Diomede, and grandson of Aeolus. He was one of the lovers of the dawn goddess Eos.

Thomas Edwards (poet)
Thomas Edwards (fl. 1587–1595) was an English poet who published two Ovidian epic poems Cephalus and Procris and Narcissus. Beyond his name, nothing is known with certainty of Edwards. He has been provisionally identified with a Shropshire law student of that name who transferred from Furnival's Inn to Lincoln's Inn in June 1587, where he shared a room with a known friend of John Donne. Edwards may have contributed the Latin verse to Adriaan van Roomen's Parvum theatrum urbium, published in 1595.
Mirebel
Mirebel (French pronunciation: [miʁbɛl]; Arpitan: Merbiâ) is a former commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Hauteroche.

Jura (department)
Jura (/ˈ(d)ʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə; French: [ʒyʁa] ⓘ) is a department in the northeastern French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The department takes its name from the Jura Mountains. Its prefecture is Lons-le-Saunier; subprefectures are Dole and Saint-Claude. In 2019, Jura had a population of 259,199. It has a short portion of the border of Switzerland.
Witches' Brew (novel)
Witches' Brew by Terry Brooks is the fifth novel of the Magic Kingdom of Landover series. Published in 1995, the plot has an usurper who claims to be from another world calling for Ben's abdication from the throne. Upon Ben's refusal, he soon begins to send several evil, magic creatures against him. During this time, Nightshade kidnaps Ben and Willow's new child, Mistaya, in a dangerous attempt to subvert her and use her innate magic. Meanwhile, Questor and Abernathy are stuck back in Earth to meet up with an old friend, leaving Ben and Willow alone to deal with the new threat.

Terry Brooks
Terence Dean Brooks (born January 8, 1944) is an American writer of fantasy fiction. He writes mainly epic fantasy, and has also written two film novelizations. He has written 23 New York Times bestsellers during his writing career, and has sold over 25 million copies of his books in print. He is one of the most successful living fantasy writers. In March 2025, he announced his semi-retirement from writing.
Essex Police Museum
Essex Police Museum is a museum in Chelmsford in Essex, England. Established in 1992, the museum has more than 25,000 items in its collection, including objects, documents, paintings, and photographs which bring to life the history of policing in the county of Essex since 1840.

Using a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund, the museum developed an education programme for children and adults, and refurbished its displays. Visitors can step into a police cell from the Victorian era, or try on a modern police uniform.

Since 2005, the Essex Police Museum has been open to the public on a regular basis. The museum is open on Saturdays year-round and also on Wednesdays during school holidays. Entry is free.

Custody suite
A custody suite is an area within a police station in the United Kingdom designed and adapted to process and detain those who have been arrested, or who are there for purposes such as answering bail.

Historically, all police stations had a small number of individual cells where offenders could be detained. However, in recent years, most detainees are more likely to be taken to large police stations which are designated to hold prisoners. Suites are also known as custody centres.
Scott McGilvray
Scott McGilvray (January 20, 1966 – March 21, 2017) was an American educator and politician.

Born in Concord, New Hampshire, McGilvray went to Concord High School and Fitchburg State University. He received his bachelor's degree in human and health services and his teacher's certificate from Franklin Pierce University. McGilvray lived with his wife and family in Hooksett, New Hampshire. He taught social studies and was the football coach at Manchester Memorial High School in Manchester, New Hampshire. He was also the president of the New Hampshire National Education Association. He served in the New Hampshire Senate for the 16th district in 2017 until his death. McGilvray was a Democrat. McGilvray died in Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts after a brief illness.

Fitchburg State University
Fitchburg State University (Fitchburg State) is a public university in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. It has 3,421 undergraduate and 1,238 graduate/continuing education students, for a total student body enrollment of 4,659. The university offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in 25 academic disciplines. The main campus, the McKay Campus School, and athletic fields occupy 79 acres (320,000 m2) in the city of Fitchburg; the biological study fields occupy 120 acres (490,000 m2) in the neighboring towns of Lancaster, Leominster, and Lunenburg.
Vassa Larin
Dr. Sr. Vassa (Barbara) Larin (born Varvara Georgievna Larina, Russian: Варва́ра Гео́ргиевна Ла́рина, pronounced [vɐrˈvarə ɡʲɪˈorɡʲɪ(j)ɪvnə ˈɫarʲɪnə]; December 11, 1970) is an American nun with the Orthodox Church of Ukraine. She is the author of many scholarly articles and a monograph on Byzantine liturgy and theology, and an outspoken public intellectual on current issues of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR), of which she was formerly a member. She teaches Liturgical Studies at the Catholic Theological Faculty of the University of Vienna in Austria, and is Professor of Practical Theology of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy.

Sister Vassa was a member of the Commission of the Inter-Council Presence of the Russian Orthodox Church: the Commission on Liturgy and Church Art, and the Commission of the Inter-Council Presence of the Russian Orthodox Church: the Commission on Canon Law.

Practical theology
Practical theology is an academic discipline that examines and reflects on religious practices in order to understand the theology enacted in those practices and in order to consider how theological theory and theological practices can be more fully aligned, changed, or improved. Practical theology has often sought to address a perceived disconnection between dogmatics or theology as an academic discipline on the one hand, and the life and practice of the church on the other.

As articulated by Richard Osmer, the four key tasks or questions to be asked by practical theology are:

What is going on? (the descriptive-empirical task)

Why is this going on? (the interpretative task)

What ought to be going on? (the normative task)

How might we respond? (the pragmatic task)
Dany Brand
Dany Brand (born 23 February 1996, in Hinwil) is a Swiss athlete specialising in the 400 metres hurdles. He won a silver medal at the 2017 European U23 Championships in a new national U23 record.

His personal best in the event is 49.14 seconds set in Bydgoszcz in 2017. Brand improved his time to 46.83 in September 2023 during Weltklasse Zürich.

2017 European Athletics U23 Championships
The 2017 European Athletics U23 Championships were the 11th edition of the biennial athletics competition between European athletes under the age of twenty-three. It was held in Bydgoszcz, Poland from 13 to 16 July. This was the second time that the competition was hosted by Bydgoszcz after the 2003 edition.
German submarine U-431
German submarine U-431 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 4 January 1940 by Schichau-Werke in Danzig as yard number 1472, launched on 2 February 1941 and commissioned on 5 April 1941 under Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Dommes (Knight's Cross).

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Yash Narvekar
Yash Narvekar is an Indian playback singer, composer and lyricist who has written and sung "Mere Dil Mein" in the film Half Girlfriend, "Teri Yaadon Mein" in Behen Hogi Teri, and  "Gulabi 2.0" in Noor among a number of popular songs. He won Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for film Pak Pak Pakaak.

Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer
The Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Playback Singer Male is an honour established in 1962, and presented at the Maharashtra State Film Awards for best male playback singer in Marathi cinema.

The first recipient of the award was Talat Mahmood who was honoured for his song "Yash Hain Amrut Zale" for the film Putra Vhava Aisa in 1962. Suresh Wadkar is the most frequent winner having won eleven awards. Ravindra Sathe has won it ten times. Sudhir Phadke has won it five times whereas Ajay Gogavale has won it three times. Hridaynath Mangeshkar, Jaywant Kulkarni, Rahul Deshpande and Shankar Mahadevan have won the award twice each.
Wikipediocracy
Wikipediocracy is a website for discussion and criticism of Wikipedia. Its members have brought information about Wikipedia's controversies to the attention of the media. The site was founded in March 2012 by users of Wikipedia Review, another site dedicated to criticism of Wikipedia.

The site is "known for digging up dirt on Wikipedia's top brass", wrote reporter Kevin Morris in the Daily Dot.  Novelist Amanda Filipacchi wrote in The Wall Street Journal that the site "intelligently discusses and entertainingly lambastes Wikipedia's problematic practices".

Criticism of Wikipedia
Wikipedia has been criticized since its creation in 2001. Most of the criticism has been directed toward its content, community of volunteer editors, process, and rules. Critics have questioned its factual reliability, the readability and organization of its articles, the lack of methodical fact-checking, and its political bias.

Concerns have also been raised about systemic bias along gender, racial, political, corporate, institutional, and national lines. Conflicts of interest arising from corporate campaigns to influence content have also been highlighted. Further concerns include the vandalism and partisanship facilitated by anonymous editing, clique behavior (from contributors as well as administrators and other top figures), social stratification between a guardian class and newer users, excessive rule-making, edit warring, and uneven policy application.
8th Parliament of Singapore
The 8th Parliament of Singapore was a meeting of the Parliament of Singapore. Its first session commenced on 6 January 1992 and was prorogued on 6 December 1993. It commenced its second session on 10 January 1994 and was dissolved on 16 December 1996.

The members of the 8th Parliament were elected in the 1991 general election. Parliament was controlled by a People's Action Party majority, led by Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong and his cabinet. The Speaker was Tan Soo Khoon. The de facto Leader of the Opposition was Chiam See Tong until he resigned as secretary-general of the Singapore Democratic Party on 17 May 1993, and was replaced by Ling How Doong, chairman of his party.

At roughly five years, this term had the longest tenure in Singapore history. With Ng Kah Ting's departure, Lee Kuan Yew became the last MP from the inaugural Parliament to remain in Parliament; he would eventually die in office in 2015.

Ng Kah Ting
Ng Kah Ting (Chinese: 黄嘉腾; born 29 February 1940) is a Singaporean former politician. A former member of the People's Action Party (PAP), he served as the Member of Legislative Assembly and later Member of Parliament representing Punggol Single Member Constituency (SMC) from 1963 to 1991.
Larisa Spielberg
Larisa B. Spielberg Joeright (born December 22, 1980) is an American former competitive pair skater. With her husband, Craig Joeright, she is the 2002 Golden Spin of Zagreb champion and 2000 U.S. national bronze medalist.

Rochester, Michigan
Rochester is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, Rochester had a population of 13,035. It is a northern suburb in Metro Detroit located 20 miles north of the city of Detroit.

Rochester was the first European settlement in Oakland County when it was founded in 1818. It became part of the Avon Township in 1835 and incorporated as an autonomous city in 1967. It is mostly surrounded by the city of Rochester Hills and also borders Shelby Township to the east.
Markov reward model
In probability theory, a Markov reward model or Markov reward process is a stochastic process which extends either a Markov chain or continuous-time Markov chain by adding a reward rate to each state. An additional variable records the reward accumulated up to the current time. Features of interest in the model include expected reward at a given time and expected time to accumulate a given reward. The model appears in Ronald A. Howard's book. The models are often studied in the context of Markov decision processes where a decision strategy can impact the rewards received.

The Markov Reward Model Checker tool can be used to numerically compute transient and stationary properties of Markov reward models.

Ronald A. Howard
Ronald Arthur Howard (August 27, 1934 – October 6, 2024) was a professor in the Department of Engineering-Economic Systems (now the Department of Management Science and Engineering) in the School of Engineering at Stanford University.
Brskovo
Brskovo (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Брсково) is a village in northern Montenegro, within the Municipality of Mojkovac which used to have silver mines and a mint. Brskovo encompasses the whole complex of smaller localities, today overgrown with dense wood and weeds, between the Rudnica and Bjelojevići, the tributaries of the Tara River.

Montenegrin alphabet
The Montenegrin alphabet is the collective name given to "Abeceda" (Montenegrin Latin alphabet; Абецеда in Cyrillic) and "Азбука" (Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet; Azbuka in Latin), the writing systems used to write the Montenegrin language. It was adopted on 9 June 2009 by the Montenegrin Minister of Education, Sreten Škuletić and replaced the Serbian Cyrillic and Gaj's Latin alphabets in use at the time.

There is a one-to-one correspondence between the two alphabets, and words are usually spelled so that they work in both.

Although the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets enjoy equal status under the Constitution of Montenegro, the government and proponents of the Montenegrin language prefer to use the Latin script exclusively; it is also much more widely used in all aspects of the day-to-day written communication in the country, in education, advertising and media.
Emma Manzelmann
Emma Manzelmann (born 30 November 2001) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who currently plays for the North Queensland Cowboys in the NRL Women's Premiership.

Primarily a hooker, she previously played for the Newcastle Knights, where she was a member of their 2022 premiership-winning team.

QRL Women's Premiership
The QRL Women's Premiership, known as the BMD Premiership due to sponsorship from BMD Group, is the top level of women's rugby league football in Queensland, Australia. Run by the Queensland Rugby League, the competition is Queensland's first statewide open age women's competition.

On 3 March 2021, the QRL announced that the Souths Logan Magpies would not compete in that season's premiership but planned to return in 2022. Valkyries Queensland, a new team made up of players from Souths Logan and other Queensland teams, were named to take their place.
Annie Geeves
Annie Doris Geeves (née Taylor; 4 November 1914 – February 2006) was an English cricketer who played as a left-arm medium bowler. She appeared in one Test match for England in 1951, against Australia. She scored five runs and failed to take a wicket. She played domestic cricket for Nottinghamshire.

Women's Test cricket
Women's Test cricket is the longest format of women's cricket and is the female equivalent to men's Test cricket. Matches comprise four-innings and are held over a maximum of four days between two of the leading cricketing nations. The rules governing the format differ little from those for the men's game, with differences generally being technicalities surrounding umpiring and field size.

The first women's Test match was played by England women and Australia women in December 1934, a three-day contest held in Brisbane which England won by nine wickets. A total of 149 Women's Test matches have been played. Far fewer matches are played each year in favour of Women's One Day Internationals and Women's Twenty20 Internationals, with the international calendar revolving around the shorter formats of the game.
SS Talune
SS Talune was built in 1890 and scuttled in 1925. She was a passenger and freight steamship employed in the Tasman Sea and South Seas trades in the last decade of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century. It was a typical ship of its time and type in every way. It would be unknown except that it was the ship that brought the deadly 1918 Spanish flu pandemic from New Zealand to Samoa and other Pacific islands.

Apia
Apia (Samoan: [a.pi.a]) is the capital and largest city of Samoa. It is located on the central north coast of Upolu, Samoa's second-largest island. Apia falls within the political district (itūmālō) of Tuamasaga.

The Apia Urban Area (generally known as the City of Apia) has a population of 35,974 (2021 census). Its geographic boundaries extend from the east approximately from Letogo village in Vaimauga to the west in the newer, industrialized region of Apia which extends to Vaitele village in Faleata.
2023–24 Qatar Stars League
The 2023–24 Qatar Stars League, or the QSL, also called Expo Stars League for sponsorship reasons, was the 51st edition of top-level football championship in Qatar.

Al-Duhail were the defending champions.

Al Duhail SC
Al-Duhail Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الدحيل الرياضي), formerly Lekhwiya SC, is a Qatari sports club, It is the oldest football team in Qatar, being formed in 1938 as Al-Shorta. The club participates in the Qatar Stars League. Al-Duhail is based in the Duhail district in the city of Doha and plays its home games at Abdullah bin Khalifa Stadium. It is the first team in Qatari football to win the first division title on its debut season.

In April 2017, it was announced that the club would take over El Jaish SC and merge with it following the 2016–17 Qatar Stars League and be known as Al-Duhail Sports Club in a rebranding of Lekhwiya SC.
Semuloparin sodium
Semuloparin (INN, USAN) is an experimental antithrombotic being developed by Sanofi-Aventis and belongs to the group of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). It has completed Phase III clinical trials for the prevention of thromboembolism following various kinds of surgery such as hip replacement, as well as for patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Like bemiparin, semuloparin is classified as an ultra-LMWH because of its low molecular mass of 2000–3000 g/mol on average. (Enoxaparin has 4500 g/mol) These heparins have lower anti-thrombin activity than classical LMWHs and act mainly on factor Xa, reducing the risk of bleeding.

Thromboembolism
Thromboembolism is a condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) breaks off from its original site and travels through the bloodstream (as an embolus) to obstruct a blood vessel, causing tissue ischemia and organ damage. Thromboembolism can affect both the venous and arterial systems, with different clinical manifestations and management strategies.
Kyawswa
Kyawswa (Burmese: ကျော်စွာ) is a common Burmese name. It was formerly a royal title during the days of Burmese monarchy. The name may mean:

Kyawswa of Pagan: King of Pagan (1289–1297)

Kyawswa I of Pinya: King of Pinya (1344–1350)

Kyawswa II of Pinya: King of Pinya (1350–1359)

It is not to be confused with the name Kyaswa (Burmese: ကျစွာ), also the title of kings.

Kyaswa: King of Pagan (1235–1251)

Kyaswa of Sagaing: King of Sagaing Kingdom (1339–1349)

Kyawswa I of Pinya
Kyawswa I of Pinya (Burmese: ငါးစီးရှင် ကျော်စွာ, pronounced [ŋázíʃɪ̀ɰ̃ tɕɔ̀zwà]; lit. 'Lord of the Five White Elephants'; 1299–1350) was king of Pinya from 1344 to 1350. His six-year reign briefly restored unity in southern Upper Burma although his authority over his southernmost vassals remained largely nominal. He suddenly died in 1350, and came to be regarded as one of the major Burmese folk spirits, known as Nga-zi Shin Nat.
Kannel (telecommunications)
In computing, Kannel is an open-source WAP gateway. It provides the essential part of the WAP infrastructure as open source software to everyone so that the market potential for WAP services, both from wireless operators and specialized service providers, will be realized as efficiently as possible.

Kannel also works as an SMS gateway for GSM networks. Almost all GSM phones can send and receive SMS messages, so this is a way to serve many more clients than just those using WAP.

WAP gateway
A WAP gateway sits between mobile devices using the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and the World Wide Web, passing pages from one to the other much like a proxy. This translates pages into a form suitable for the mobiles, for instance using the Wireless Markup Language (WML). This process is hidden from the phone, so it may access the page in the same way as a browser accesses HTML, using a URL (for example, http://example.com/foo.wml), provided the mobile phone operator has not specifically prevented this. WAP gateway software encodes and decodes requests and responses between the smartphones, microbrowser and internet. It decodes the encoded WAP requests from the microbrowser and send the HTTP requests to the internet or to a local application server. It also encodes the WML and HDML data returning from the web for transmission to the microbrowser in the handset.
2015 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships
The 2015 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships were held at the Thialf ice skating rink in Heerenveen from Friday 31 October 2014 to Sunday 2 November 2014. Although the tournament was held in 2014 it was the 2015 edition as it is part of the 2014–2015 speed skating season.

Thialf
Thialf (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtijɑlf]) is an ice arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands. Thialf is used for long track speed skating, short track speed skating, ice hockey, figure skating, ice speedway, and non-sporting events. The outdoor rink was opened in 1967, and the indoor stadium was opened in 1986. Several world records have been set in the indoor stadium.

Annually, Thialf hosts two Speed Skating World Cup events. Jan de Jong was the ice rink master at Thialf for many years.