hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
243rd Battalion, CEF
The 243rd Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.  Based in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, the unit began recruiting in the spring of 1916 in Saskatoon, Prince Albert, Yorkton, and North Battleford.  After sailing to England in June 1917, the battalion was absorbed into the 15th Reserve Battalion, CEF upon arrival.  The 243rd Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Major G. G. Smith.

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Windmills of Corvo
The Windmills of Corvo (Portuguese: Moinhos de vento do Corvo/Moinhos de vento da Ponta Negra) is a group of windmills located in the municipality of Vila do Corvo, island of Corvo, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

Corvo Island
Corvo Island (Portuguese: Ilha do Corvo, pronounced [ˈiʎɐ ðu ˈkoɾvu], lit. 'Island of the Crow') is the smallest and the northernmost island of the Azores archipelago and the northernmost in Macaronesia. It has a population of 435 inhabitants (as of 2023) making it the smallest single municipality in the Azores and in Portugal. The island lies on the North American Plate.
Fedosei Ciumacenco
Fedosei Ciumacenco (born 27 January 1973) is a Moldovan race walker.

He was born in Bender. He competed in the 20-kilometre walk at the Olympic Games in 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008, and the World Championships in 1997, 1999 and 2003.

1999 World Championships in Athletics
The 7th World Championships in Athletics (Spanish: Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 1999), a World Athletic Championships event held under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla, Seville, Spain, between the August 20 and August 29.

One of the main highlights of the games was the world record set in the 400 metres by Michael Johnson of the United States in a time of 43.18 seconds.
Vedran Pavlek
Vedran Pavlek (born 27 April 1973 in Zagreb) is a former Croatian World Cup Alpine ski racer. He has been Director of the Croatian Alpine Ski Team and the Croatian Alpine Ski Pool in the Croatian Ski Association since 1998.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Cantharellus friesii
Cantharellus friesii, the orange or velvet chanterelle, is a fungus native to Asia and Europe.  The cap color varies from deep yellow to reddish orange and is 2–4 cm wide.  It occurs in beech, fir and spruce forests.  C. friesii is considered a good edible mushroom, but because of its rarity, it deserves to be mindfully managed with limited use of fungicides if discovered on residential or commercial property. Harvesting the fruit bodies of the fungus will allow for further propagation of the species as its spores are dispersed along the collector's travels.  The specific epithet friesii honors the mycologist Elias Magnus Fries.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
Alaa' Al-Shaqran
Alaa' Walid Bashir Maflah Al-Shaqran (Arabic: علاء وليد بشير الشقران) is a Jordanian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Jordanian First Division League club Doqarah and a former Jordan national football team player.

Doqarah SC
Doqarah Sports Club (Arabic: نادي دوقره الرياضي) is a Jordanian football club based in Duwaqarah, Irbid Governorate, Jordan. It currently competes at the Jordanian First Division League. As of the 2026–27 season, the club will play in the Jordanian Pro League, the first tier of Jordanian football.

They host a variety of sports. In addition to football, they have a handball team, a kickboxing team, as well as a women's team.
Open water swimming at the 2019 SEA Games
The open water swimming at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines was held at the Hanjin Boat Terminal in Cubi, Subic on 10 December 2019. It was the first time such event was held in the SEA Games. Only one event was contested: the men's 10 km. It was one of four aquatic sports contested at the SEA Games, along with diving, swimming, and water polo.

Subic Special Economic and Freeport Zone
The Subic Special Economic and Freeport Zone, often shortened as Subic Bay or Subic, is a special economic zone and freeport area covering portions of the city of Olongapo and the town of Subic in Zambales, and the towns of Hermosa and Morong in Bataan in the Philippines. The relatively developed and fenced area is called the Subic Bay Freeport Zone (SBFZ).

The economic zone was the location of U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay, until the latter's decommissioning in 1992. The SBFZ is operated and managed by the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA). The harbor faces the Zambales Mountains to the west and Subic Bay opens to the South China Sea.
Hyper Japan
HYPER JAPAN is the largest exhibition celebrating Japanese culture to be held in the UK. Organized by Cross Media Ltd., it was first held in London 2010 and since 2014 has taken place twice a year, in July and November. It takes place in Olympia, London.

Niconico
Niconico, Inc. (Japanese: ニコニコ, Hepburn: Nikoniko), known before 2012 as Nico Nico Douga (ニコニコ動画, Niko Niko Dōga), is a Japanese video sharing service based in Tokyo, Japan. "Niconico" or "nikoniko" is the Japanese ideophone for smiling. As of 2021, Niconico is the 34th most-visited website in Japan, according to Alexa Internet.

The site won the Japanese Good Design Award in 2007, and an Honorary Mention of the Digital Communities category at Prix Ars Electronica 2008. Between June 8, 2024 and August 5, 2024, its servers were affected by a cyberattack and the website was partially active.
Ramus Pomifer
Ramus Pomifer (Latin for apple branch) was a constellation between Hercules and Lyra.

It was depicted in the form of a branch held in Hercules' left hand. The also-obsolete constellation of Cerberus - made up of much the same stars - became combined with it in later depictions, with the name "Cerberus et Ramus".

The IAU Working Group on Star Names approved the name Ramus for the star 102 Herculis in 2025, after the obsolete constellation.

IAU Working Group on Star Names
The International Astronomical Union (IAU) established a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) in May 2016 to catalog and standardize proper names for stars for the international astronomical community. It operates under Division C – Education, Outreach and Heritage.

The IAU states that it is keen to make a distinction between the terms name and designation. To the IAU, name refers to the (usually colloquial) term used for a star in everyday conversation, while designation is solely alphanumerical, and used almost exclusively in official catalogues and for professional astronomy. (The WGSN notes that transliterated Bayer designations (e.g., Tau Ceti) are considered a special historical case and are treated as designations.)
Irish Hospitality, or, Virtue Rewarded
Irish Hospitality, or, Virtue Rewarded is one of the lesser-known works of the inconspicuous playwright Charles Shadwell, son of the far more renowned playwright and poet laureate Thomas Shadwell. It was published in his Five New Plays in 1720, and it is not known if it was ever acted at the time. In 1766 it was staged at the Drury Lane Theatre.

There are no extremes of virtue or vice in this play, which rather celebrates the 18th-century concept of "good nature", personified by the middle-aged squire Sir Patrick Worthy. Spirited young women are commended and the Irish squirarchy's  lumpish  obsession with creature comforts is upbraided. Sir Patrick arranges suitable marriages for his entire family, without regard to money, and the high point of the action is his benevolent tricking of his unprincipled son Charles into making an honest woman out of a serving-girl he (Charles) has debauched.

Squire
In the Middle Ages, a squire was the shield- or armour-bearer of a knight. Boys served a knight as an attendant, doing simple but important tasks, such as saddling a horse and caring for the knight's weapons and armour.
Sathyam Paranja Viswasikkuvo
Sathyam Paranja Viswasikkuvo (transl. Would you believe if I tell the truth?) is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language family drama film directed by G. Prajith and written by Sajeev Pazhoor. The film stars Biju Menon and Samvrutha Sunil, with Alencier Ley Lopez, Sudhi Koppa, Dinesh Prabhakar, and Mangal in supporting roles. It was released on 12 July 2019 to positive reviews from critics.

Samvrutha Sunil
Samvritha Sunil (born 31 October 1986) is an Indian former actress who appeared mainly in Malayalam films. She made her debut in 2004 through the film Rasikan directed by Lal Jose. She has acted in over 47 movies.

Her best known films include Arabikkatha (2007), Chocolate (2007), Thirakkatha (2008), Boomi Malayalam (2009), Cocktail (2010), Manikyakkallu (2011), Swapna Sanchari (2011), Arike (2012), Diamond Necklace (2012) and Ayalum Njanum Thammil (2012). After a hiatus of 6 years, she made her comeback through the 2018 television show Nayika Nayakan.
Elisabeth Mills Reid
Elisabeth Mills Reid (January 6, 1858 – April 29, 1931) was an American philanthropist. Mills was the daughter of Darius Ogden Mills, a wealthy banker and financier who made his initial fortune during the California gold rush. She was born in New York City and raised between northern California and the Hudson Valley in New York. She married the journalist Whitelaw Reid in 1881, with whom she had two children, Ogden Mills Reid and Jean Templeton Ward. Reid and her family lived at 451 Madison Avenue in New York City, in Paris where Whitelaw was the United States Minister to France, and in London where he was the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom. Elisabeth founded the American Girls' Club in Paris during her time there, and she was a popular society hostess in London. During her life, Reid was an active philanthropist and a volunteer organizer with the American Red Cross.

American Cathedral in Paris
The American Cathedral in Paris (French: Cathédrale Américaine de Paris), formally known as the Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, is one of the oldest English-speaking churches in Paris.  It is the gathering church for the Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe, and is part of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The church is located in central Paris between the Champs-Elysées and the River Seine at 23 avenue George V in the 8th arrondissement.  The closest métro stations are Alma – Marceau   and George V  .
History of computed tomography
The history of X-ray computed tomography (CT) traces back to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's discovery of X-ray radiation in 1895 and its rapid adoption in medical diagnostics. While X-ray radiography achieved tremendous success in the early 1900s, it had a significant limitation: projection-based imaging lacked depth information, which is crucial for many diagnostic tasks. To overcome this, additional X-ray projections from different angles were needed. The challenge was both mathematically and experimentally addressed by multiple scientists and engineers working independently across the globe. The breakthrough finally came in the 1970s with the work of Godfrey Hounsfield, when advancements in computing power and the development of commercial CT scanners made routine diagnostic applications possible.

Scintillator
A scintillator (/ˈsɪntɪleɪtər/ SIN-til-ay-ter) is a material that exhibits scintillation (also termed radioluminescence), a kind of luminescence, when excited by ionizing radiation. Luminescent materials, when struck by an incoming particle, absorb its energy and scintillate (i.e. re-emit the absorbed energy in the form of light). Sometimes, the excited state is metastable, so the relaxation back down from the excited state to lower states is delayed (necessitating anywhere from a few nanoseconds to hours depending on the material). The process then corresponds to one of two phenomena: delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence. The correspondence depends on the type of transition and hence the wavelength of the emitted optical photon.
Hermann Masius
Hermann Masius (7 January 1818 – 22 May 1893) was a German educator who was a native of Trebnitz (today a borough of Könnern).

He studied theology in Halle, and later was director of a gymnasium in Halberstadt. In 1860 he became director of a Realschule in Dresden, and in 1862 was appointed professor of pedagogy and director of the educational seminar at the University of Leipzig, the first to hold that position.

Among his numerous publications was a popular work on Naturstudien ("Nature Studies", 1st ed. 1852). It was published over several editions, and acclaimed for its blending of natural and cultural history from an aesthetic standpoint. He collaborated with other academic professionals in the survey volume Die gesamten Naturwissenschaften ("Complete Natural Sciences").

As a child, Franz Boas loved to read Mazius's books, including because "you can learn Latin, Greek, Italian and other languages from the footnotes."

Könnern
Könnern (German pronunciation: [ˈkœnɐn] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the river Saale, approx. 15 km south of Bernburg, and 25 km northwest of Halle (Saale).
Heaven Is Never Booked Up
Heaven Is Never Booked Up (German: Der Himmel ist nie ausverkauft) is a 1955 West German romantic comedy film directed by Alfred Weidenmann and starring Hardy Krüger, Irene Galter and Peer Schmidt.  It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in West Berlin and on location around Berlin and Rome. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Emil Hasler and Walter Kutz.

Emil Hasler
Emil Hasler (8 November 1901 – 15 January 1986) was a German art director who worked on more than a hundred films during his career. These included a number of Weimar classics such as Diary of a Lost Girl, M and The Blue Angel. He later worked in Nazi era cinema on films like Robert Koch and Münchhausen.
Sophia Albertina, Abbess of Quedlinburg
Princess Sophia Albertina of Sweden (Sophia Maria Lovisa Fredrika Albertina; 8 October 1753 – 17 March 1829) was the last Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg Abbey, and as such reigned as vassal monarch of the Holy Roman Empire.

Sophia Albertina was the daughter of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. She was thus a princess of Sweden, a princess of Holstein-Gottorp and a sister to Gustav III of Sweden. She was a member of the Accademia di San Luca. When her brother Charles XIII of Sweden and the rest of the royal family also became Norwegian royalty in 1814, that did not include Sophia Albertina who then officially was called Royal Princess (of no country).

She was given her two names in honour of her two grandmothers: the Prussian Queen Sophia Dorothea of Hanover and Margravine Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach.

Vassal
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe and elsewhere. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain. The rights and obligations of a vassal are called vassalage, while the rights and obligations of a suzerain are called suzerainty.
The obligations of a vassal often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief.

In contrast, fealty (fidelitas) is sworn, unconditional loyalty to a monarch.
Tyrannochthonius billhumphreysi
Tyrannochthonius billhumphreysi is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Chthoniidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2008 by Australian arachnologists Karen Edward and Mark Harvey.

Mark Harvey (arachnologist)
Mark Stephen Harvey (born 17 September 1958) is a museum scientist and biologist specializing in Australian arachnids. Since 1989 he has been based at the Western Australian Museum as Curator of Arachnids and Myriapods. He has described over 1,000 species, being one of the few biologists to do so.
Lahore (film)
Lahore is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language sports film that was released on 19 March 2010. It was directed by Sanjay Puran Singh Chauhan and produced by Vivek Khatkar, with Sai Om Films Pvt. Ltd.'s, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is loosely based on the 1989 American martial arts film Best of the Best.

The film stars debutants Aanaahad and Shraddha Das in lead roles and has veteran actors like Farooq Shaikh, Nafisa Ali, Nirmal Pandey, Sushant Singh, Sabyasachi Chakrabarty, Saurabh Shukla, Ashish Vidyarthi, Kelly Dorji, Mukesh Rishi, Jeeva, and Shraddha Nigam in key roles.

Kelly Dorji
Kelly Dorji, is a Bhutanese actor and artist. He is the Honorary Consul of the UK in Bhutan, owns a travel company and is the Director of The Bhutan Echoes Literature and Arts Festival and the First Bhutan Fashion Week.
Postage stamps and postal history of Liechtenstein
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Liechtenstein.

The Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked Alpine microstate in Western Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over 160 square kilometres (62 sq mi), and it has an estimated population of 37,000. Its capital is Vaduz and the biggest town is Schaan.

The postal history of the principality pre-dates introduction of the first postage stamps in 1850. The principality was obliged to use Austrian stamps until 1912 when the first Liechtenstein issues were produced, although these were still issued under Austrian direction. Following the collapse of Habsburg Austria in 1918, Liechtenstein secured postal independence and began issuing its own stamps from July 1920.

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
Atlantic coastal plain upland longleaf pine woodland
The Atlantic coastal plain upland longleaf pine woodland is plant community found on the southern Atlantic coastal plain, in the states of southern Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and northeastern Florida.

These woodlands are dominated by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and occur on uplands and on the higher parts of upland-wetland mosaics. They are subject to frequent fires. Soils are well- to excessively drained. Scrub oaks such as turkey oak (Quercus laevis) and bluejack oak (Quercus incana) are often in the understory. The herbaceous layer is dominated by grasses, particularly wiregrass: (Aristida stricta) in the north and (Aristida beyrichiana) in the south. These woodlands may once have been the most widespread plant community within their range.

Stratification (vegetation)
In ecology, stratification refers to the vertical layering of a habitat; the arrangement of vegetation in layers. It classifies the layers (sing. stratum, pl. strata) of vegetation largely according to the different heights to which their plants grow. The individual layers are inhabited by different animal and plant communities (stratozones).
Pliocene Ridge
The Pliocene Ridge is a region of Sierra County, California, corresponding to the southwestern portion of the county, including the settlements of Alleghany, Forest and Pike.

The Pliocene Ridge Community Services District governs fire stations in Pike and Alleghany.  Pliocene Ridge Jr/Sr High School in Pike operated from 1974 to 2006.

Alleghany, California
Alleghany is a small census-designated place in Sierra County, California, United States in the Sierra Nevada. It is situated in the Gold Country and continues to be a significant locale for gold mining. The Sixteen To One Mine has been in operation since the days of the California Gold Rush. The town is 20 miles (32 km) from the nearest highway (California State Route 49) and consists largely of a single main street. The town is home to a post office, a bar, and a mining museum. The population was 30 at the 2020 census.

The community was named in 1859 for the Alleghany Tunnel mine that fueled the growth of the town when it struck gold four years earlier. The mine itself was named for the Allegheny River.
2000 Mädchen
"2000 Mädchen" [2000 girls] is a punk song by Die Ärzte.  It was the third track and the second single from their 1987 album Ist das alles? (Is That All?) (13 Höhepunkte mit den Ärzten). It's sung from the eyes of a telephone-stalker.

Die Ärzte
Die Ärzte (German pronunciation: [diː ˈʔɛːɐ̯tstə]; lit. 'The Doctors') is a German rock band from Berlin. It consists of guitarist Farin Urlaub, drummer Bela B and bass player Rodrigo González. All three write and perform their songs. The band has released 14 studio albums.
Wells of Life
Wells of Life (WOL) is a non-profit organization whose aim is to provide rural Ugandans with access to safe and clean water. Their primary methods include installing sustainable borehole water wells and educating local communities on sustainable hygiene and water supply practices. It was founded in 2008 and has funded over 1,300 wells, primarily in the Mityana, Kassanda and Mubende regions of Uganda, all of which collectively serve more than 1,300,000 people. It is based in San Juan Capistrano, California and has built its headquarters in Mityana, Uganda. In 2018, Wells of Life founded its Irish counterpart, Wells of Life Ireland.

Mubende District
Mubende is a district in the Central Region of Uganda. The town of Mubende is the site of the district headquarters. The district was reduced in size in July 2005 with the creation of the Mityana District and reduced again in 2019 when Kassanda District was carved out of it.