hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uhlenbeck's compactness theorem
In differential geometry and in particular Yang–Mills theory, Uhlenbeck's compactness theorem is a result about sequences of (weak Yang–Mills) connections with uniformly bounded curvature having weakly or uniformly convergent subsequences up to gauge. It is an important theorem used in the compactification of the anti self-dual Yang–Mills moduli space (ASDYM moduli space), which is central to the construction of Donaldson invariants on four-dimensional manifolds (short 4-manifold) or monopole Floer homology on three-dimensional manifolds (short 3-manifold). The theorem is named after Karen Uhlenbeck, who first described it in 1982. In 2019, Uhlenbeck became the first woman to be awarded the Abel Prize, in part for her contributions to partial differential equations and gauge theory. Uhlenbeck's compactness theorem was generalized to Yang–Mills flows by Alex Waldron in 2018.

Donaldson theory
In mathematics, and especially gauge theory, Donaldson theory is the study of the topology of smooth 4-manifolds using moduli spaces of anti-self-dual instantons. It was started by Simon Donaldson (1983) who proved Donaldson's theorem restricting the possible quadratic forms on the second cohomology group of a compact simply connected 4-manifold.  Important consequences of this theorem include the existence of an exotic R4 and the failure of the smooth h-cobordism theorem in 4 dimensions. The results of Donaldson theory depend therefore on the manifold having a differential structure, and are largely false for topological 4-manifolds.

Many of the theorems in Donaldson theory can now be proved more easily using Seiberg–Witten theory, though there are a number of open problems remaining in Donaldson theory, such as the Witten conjecture and the Atiyah–Floer conjecture.
Ledina, Slovenia
Ledina (pronounced [lɛˈdiːna]) is a dispersed settlement in the hills northwest of Sevnica in east-central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Styria. The entire Municipality of Sevnica is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
4-Acetamidobutanal
4-Acetamidobutanal, also known as N-acetyl-γ-aminobutyraldehyde, N-acetyl-GABAL, or N-acetyl-GABA aldehyde, is a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from putrescine. Other intermediates in this pathway include N-acetylputrescine and N-acetyl-γ-aminobutyric acid (N-acetyl-GABA). Enzymes mediating the transformations in this pathway include putrescine acetyltransferase (PAT), monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and an unknown deacetylase enzyme. The pathway is a minor pathway in GABA synthesis compared to the main pathway in which GABA is synthesized from glutamate. However, the pathway has been found to have an important physiological role in the brain, for instance in the production of GABA in the striatum and resultant inhibition of dopaminergic neurons in this brain area.

Diamine N-acetyltransferase
In enzymology, a diamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.57) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

acetyl-CoA + an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine  CoA + an N-acetyldiamine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and alkane-alpha,omega-diamine, whereas its two products are CoA and N-acetyldiamine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:alkane-alpha,omega-diamine N-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include spermidine acetyltransferase, putrescine acetyltransferase, putrescine (diamine)-acetylating enzyme, diamine acetyltransferase, spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, spermidine N1-acetyltransferase, acetyl-coenzyme A-1,4-diaminobutane N-acetyltransferase, putrescine acetylase, and putrescine N-acetyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups.
George Windsor-Clive (politician, born 1835)
Lieutenant-Colonel George Herbert Windsor Windsor-Clive (12 March 1835 – 26 April 1918) was a British Conservative Party politician.

Windsor-Clive was the younger son of  Robert Henry Clive and a grandson of Edward Clive, 1st Earl of Powis, and the great-grandson of Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive ("Clive of India"). His mother was Harriet Windsor, 13th Baroness Windsor, daughter of Other Hickman Windsor, 5th Earl of Plymouth, while Robert Windsor-Clive was his elder brother and Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth, his nephew.

He was elected to the House of Commons as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ludlow in a by-election in 1860, a seat he held until he retired from Parliament at the 1885 general election.

Windsor-Clive married Gertrude Albertine, daughter of Charles Rodolph Trefusis, 19th Baron Clinton, in 1876. She died in April 1878. Their son George succeeded his father as MP for Ludlow.

Windsor-Clive remained a widower until his death in April 1918, aged 83.

Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth
Robert George Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth (27 August 1857 – 6 March 1923), known as the 14th Baron Windsor between 1869 and 1905, was a British nobleman and Conservative politician. He was the founding President of the London Society.
Harold Graham
Harold Alfred Douglas Graham was an Australian Archdeacon in the 20th century.

Graham was educated at St Columb's Hall, Wangaratta and ordained in 1938. He served curacies in Wangaratta, Junee and Forbes. He was Rector of Nagambie from 1941 to 1942; and then a Chaplain  in the AIF. He became Rector of  Wellington in 1943. He was in charge of three archdeaconries in the  Diocese of Bathurst: Marsden (1954-1961); Barker (1961-1965): Long (1965-1968); and then Marsden again (1968-1971).

Wellington, New South Wales
Wellington is a town in the Central Western Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia, located at the junction of the Wambuul Macquarie and Bell Rivers. It is within the local government area of Dubbo Regional Council. The town is 362 kilometres (225 mi) northwest of Sydney on the Mitchell Highway and Main Western Railway, and 50 km southeast of Dubbo, the main centre of the Central Western Slopes region.

Wellington was the second European settlement west of the Blue Mountains, first established as a convict establishment in 1823.
Tsunduru mandal
Tsunduru mandal is one of the 25 mandals in Bapatla district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tenali revenue division and the headquarters are located at Tsunduru. The mandal is bounded by Chebrolu, Tenali, Amruthalur and Ponnur mandals. The mandal is a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

Andhra Pradesh Capital Region
Andhra Pradesh Capital Region (ISO: Āndhra Pradēś Rājadhāni Prāntaṁ) is the metropolitan area of the capital city of Andhra Pradesh in India. The region is spread across the districts of Krishna, Guntur, Palnadu, NTR, Bapatla and Eluru. It includes the major cities of Vijayawada and Guntur. Vijayawada is the largest city and headquarters of the region. It is one the most populated metropolitan areas in Andhra Pradesh. The region is under the jurisdiction of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority and covers an area of 8,603 km2 (3,322 sq mi) under 58 mandals. The capital city Amaravati is an urban notified area and will cover 217.23 km2 (83.87 mi2), within the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.
Gwendolyn Calvert Baker
Gwendolyn Calvert Baker (December 31, 1931 – March 7, 2019) was an educator, activist, and nonprofit executive. Positions included being the National Executive Director of the YWCA, a member of the New York School Board, and president and CEO of UNICEF.

Alpha Kappa Alpha
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. (ΑΚΑ) is a historically African-American sorority. The sorority was founded in 1908 at Howard University in Washington, D.C. Alpha Kappa Alpha was incorporated in 1913. It is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), a group of historically Black fraternities and sororities often called the Divine Nine.

In 2025, Alpha Kappa Alpha had more than 365,000 members in 1,085 chapters in the United States and eleven other countries. Women may join through undergraduate chapters at a college or university, or graduate chapters after acquiring an undergraduate or advanced college degree.
Duane Lundy
Duane Lundy is a producer, sound engineer, and musician based in Lexington, Kentucky.  He is best known for his work with artists such as Jim James, Ringo Starr, Vandaveer, Sturgill Simpson (including with Sunday Valley), Ancient Warfare, Joe Pug, Ben Sollee, Miles Nielsen and the Rusted Hearts, and Justin Wells. Lundy has also worked with WUKY (Red Barn Radio), Young Mary Records, Colter Wall, Abby Hamilton, Bela Fleck, Shooter Jennings, Lance Rogers, Eric Bolander David Jameson, Ian Noe, and Justin Payne. He owns and operates the Lexington Recording Company (formerly Shangri-La Productions) recording studio in Lexington, KY, and is a partner in the WhiteSpace Records recording label.

Ian Noe
Ian Noe (born May 9, 1990) is a singer-songwriter from Beattyville, Kentucky US. Noe's debut album Between The Country  was produced by Dave Cobb who plays guitar on the album, while Adam Gardner plays bass and organ piano.

In 2007 Ian Noe won the grand prize in the Appalachian Starsearch in Hazard, Kentucky, with his original song Don't Let The Morning Bring Ya Down.

His subject matter includes death, addiction, lost love, and poverty.

Noe is featured performing several of his songs on a Jason Momoa video and he supported John Prine on tour in Germany, Sweden and Norway in 2019. Noe has also supported Son Volt, Jamestown Revival and Blackberry Smoke.

In June 2019 he was cover image of Spotify's Fresh Folk playlist.
Midwest International Piano Competition
The Midwest International Piano Competition is a piano competition held biannually at the University of Northern Iowa School of Music since 2014. It awards more than $25,000 in prize money, with a first prize of $10,000, and has two categories: Senior for up to 32 years old and Junior for up to 17 years old. The jury members of the inaugural competition included Arthur Greene, Alexander Toradze, and Miroslav Brejcha.

University of Northern Iowa
The University of Northern Iowa (UNI) is a public university in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. UNI offers more than 90 majors across five colleges. The fall 2025 total enrollment was 9,204 students.

The university was initially founded in 1876 as the Iowa State Normal School with the purpose of training school teachers and educators. The University of Northern Iowa is one of three public universities in Iowa, all of which are governed by the Iowa Board of Regents.
Sysedit
Sysedit (SYSEDIT.EXE) is a specialized text/ASCII editor for core Microsoft Windows configuration files (such as PROTOCOL.INI, WIN.INI, SYSTEM.INI, CONFIG.SYS, and AUTOEXEC.BAT). This executable is installed in the Windows system directory: %windir%\SYSTEM (Windows 3.x and 9x editions) or %windir%\SYSTEM32 (Windows NTx editions). Sysedit was bundled with and automatically installed by every version of Windows from Windows 3.0 up to Windows 98 SE. Support was discontinued with Windows Me. At the time of its initial release, Sysedit was commonly used to demonstrate multiple document interfaces (MDI). It opens all of the aforementioned configuration files at once in separate daughter windows whenever launched. It still uses the System font from older versions of Windows.

Other Microsoft operating systems that include Sysedit are Windows XP, Windows Vista (Service Pack 2), Windows Server 2008, and Windows 7 (32-bit only).

CONFIG.SYS
CONFIG.SYS is the configuration file for the DOS and OS/2 operating systems that specifies startup options – options that cannot be changed after the system has booted. The data it contains is read by the system and used to configure many aspects including memory management, peripherals and applications. Each line can contain a name-value pair that is either a directive that sets the value of a system setting or with name "DEVICE" extends system capability by loading a file such as a device driver or a terminate-and-stay-resident (TSR) program. CONFIG.SYS was introduced with DOS 2.0.

As Windows technology diverged from DOS over time, use of CONFIG.SYS diminished. Both CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT are in the root folder of the Windows 95 and Windows 98 boot drives, but typically, they are empty. Windows Me does not use a CONFIG.SYS file at all. Instead, it loads environment variables from the Windows Registry key: HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\SessionManager\Environment.
Muskogee Oilers
The Muskogee Oilers were a professional, minor league baseball team that played in the Western League in 1933. They began the year in Wichita, Kansas as the Wichita Oilers, but moved to Muskogee, Oklahoma after being evicted from their park in Wichita. Hall of Famer Rube Marquard managed the team at one point, while All-Star pitchers Mort Cooper and Kirby Higbe played for the club.

Kirby Higbe
Walter Kirby Higbe (April 8, 1915 – May 6, 1985) was an American right-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1937 to 1950. Best known for his time with the Brooklyn Dodgers, he was a two-time National League (NL) All-Star.
Lou van den Dries
Laurentius Petrus Dignus "Lou" van den Dries (born May 26, 1951) is a Dutch mathematician working in model theory. He is a professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

Association for Symbolic Logic
The Association for Symbolic Logic (ASL) is an international organization of specialists in mathematical logic and philosophical logic. The ASL was founded in 1936, and its first president was Curt John Ducasse. The current president of the ASL is Natasha Dobrinen.
Canton of Montauban-4
The Canton of Montauban-4 was one of the 18 cantons of the arrondissement of Montauban, in the Tarn-et-Garonne department, in southern France. It had 6,331 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It comprised part of the commune of Montauban.

Montauban
Montauban (US: /ˌmɒntoʊˈbɒn, ˌmoʊntoʊˈbɒ̃/, French: [mɔ̃tobɑ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Montalban [muntalˈβa]) is a commune in the southern French department of Tarn-et-Garonne. It is the capital of the department and lies  50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Toulouse. Montauban is the most populated town in Tarn-et-Garonne, and the sixth most populated in Occitanie behind Toulouse, Montpellier, Nîmes, Perpignan and Béziers. In 2019, there were 61,372 inhabitants, called Montalbanais. The town has been classified in the French Towns and Lands of Art and History network since 2015.

The town, built mainly of reddish brick, stands on the right bank of the Tarn at its confluence with the Tescou.
Sticta arbuscula
Sticta arbuscula is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. Found in the South American Andes, it was formally described by Bibiana Moncada and Robert Lücking in 2012. The type specimen was collected in Chingaza National Natural Park (Cundinamarca, Colombia) at an altitude of 3,430 m (11,250 ft). The lichen is found in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, at elevations between 3,000 and 3,700 m (9,800 and 12,100 ft), where it grows on bark of twigs and stems. It typically associates with bryophytes from the family Lejeuneaceae and the genera Plagiochila, Metzgeria, Jubula, and Omphalanthus. The specific epithet arbuscula refers to the characteristic arbuscular isidia–branched with a stalk at the base.

Chingaza National Natural Park
Chingaza National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural (PNN) Chingaza) is located in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes, northeast of Bogotá, Colombia in the departments of Cundinamarca and Meta. The elevation in the park, to the east of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, ranges from 800 to 4,020 metres (2,600 to 13,200 ft), and the temperature ranges from 4 to 21.5 °C (39 to 71 °F). The park extends over the Cundinamarca municipalities La Calera, Fómeque, Guasca and San Juanito (Meta).
Giacomo Prestia
Giacomo Prestia (born August 22, 1960 in Florence) is an Italian operatic bass,

A native of Florence (Italy), Giacomo Prestia studied vocal technique with Maestro Sergio Catoni. He won international competitions including the "Concorso internazionale Voci Verdiane" in Busseto and the "Concorso Luciano Pavarotti" in Philadelphia.

He made his opera debut with Giuseppe Verdi's Alzira in Fidenza in 1990. He performs in Teatro alla Scala, Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Opéra National de Paris, Wiener Staatsoper, Opernhaus Zurich, Teatro Real de Madrid, Liceu de Barcelona, Staatsoper Unter den Linden and Deutsche Oper Berlin, Teatro Colón de Buenos Aires, Teatro Comunale in Bologna, San Carlo in Naples, Berlin Philharmonic, Teatro Regio di Parma. He has worked with Claudio Abbado, Zubin Mehta, Riccardo Muti, Georges Prêtre, Daniele Gatti, Nicola Luisotti.

Claudio Abbado
Claudio Abbado OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [ˈklaudjo abˈbaːdo]; 26 June 1933 – 20 January 2014) was an Italian conductor who was one of the leading conductors of his generation. He served as music director of the La Scala opera house in Milan, principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic, principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra, principal guest conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, music director of the Vienna State Opera, founder and director of the Lucerne Festival Orchestra, founder and director of the Mahler Chamber Orchestra, founding artistic director of the Orchestra Mozart and music director of the European Union Youth Orchestra. He was recipient of the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize and Senator for life in Italy.
Suncheon Castle
34°54′27″N 127°34′52″E﻿ / ﻿34.90750°N 127.58111°E﻿ / 34.90750; 127.58111

Suncheon Castle, also known as Suncheon Waeseong (Korean: 순천왜성), Japanese name Juntenjō (順天城), is the only remaining Japanese castle in South Jeolla Province, and the battlefield of Yi Sun-sin who tempted Konishi Yukinaga from here to Noryang Point known as Battle of Noryang Point.

Tōdō Takatora
Tōdō Takatora (藤堂 高虎; February 16, 1556 – November 9, 1630) was a Japanese daimyō of the Tōdō clan from the Azuchi–Momoyama to Edo periods. He rose from relatively humble origins as an ashigaru (a light foot soldier) to become a daimyō.

During his lifetime he changed his feudal master seven times and worked for ten people, but in the end he rendered loyalty to Tokugawa Ieyasu, who became his last master.

Tōdō Takatora is famous for excellence in castle design. He is said to have been involved in building as many as twenty castles, including Edo Castle, Wakayama Castle, Uwajima Castle, Imabari Castle, Iga Ueno Castle and Sasayama Castle.

It is mentioned in the historical records that Tōdō Takatora was a large man with around 190 cm in height. After his death, historical records stated that Takatora'a body was covered with lesions and battle scars, and some of his fingers were torn off and had no nails.
Pratt's Falls Park
Pratt's Falls Park is a county park in Pompey, New York, United States. This park officially opened to the public on July 3, 1934. It contains Pratt's Falls, a 137 ft (42 m) ribbon or cascade style waterfall, and various facilities and trails. Pratt's Falls park is part of the Onondaga County Parks system.

Onondaga County, New York
Onondaga County (/ˌɒnənˈdɑːɡə/ ON-ən-DAH-gə) is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 476,516. The county seat is Syracuse. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Onondaga County is the core of the Syracuse Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Ashtasakhi
The Ashtasakhi (Sanskrit: अष्टसखी, IAST: Ashtāsākhi) are a group of eight prominent gopis and close associates of the Hindu deities Radha-Krishna in the Braj region. In many sub-traditions of Krishnaism, they are revered as goddesses and consorts of Krishna. According to the Padma Purana, the Ashtasakhi are the eternal female companions of Radha and Krishna in the Dvapara Yuga, with whom they descended upon the earth from their celestial abode of Goloka.

The popular list of Ashtasakhi include: Lalita, Vishaka, Champaklata, Chitra, Tungavidhya, Induleka, Rangadevi, and Sudevi. All of these eight prominent gopis are regarded to be an expansion of Radha, the chief consort of Krishna.

Swami Haridas
Swami Haridas (IAST: Svāmī Haridāsa, also spelt Svāmī Haridās) was an Indian spiritual poet and classical musician. He was a Court musician of Raja Man Singh Tomar of Gwalior and is credited with a large body of devotional compositions, especially in the Dhrupad style. He is also the founder of the Haridasi school of mysticism which is still found today in North India. His work influenced both the classical music and the Bhakti movements of North India, especially those devoted to Krishna's consort Radha.
Cornell Fine Arts Library
The Cornell Fine Arts Library is an extensive educational facility that services the College of Architecture, Art, and Planning at Cornell University.  In 1871, three years into his tenure as the first president of Cornell University, Andrew Dickson White proposed to give his architectural library, the largest collection in the country at that time, to the university in return for the creation of a Department of Architecture. In the following decade, the College of Architecture grew and so did the library, collecting the working drawings of leading architects of the day. As the architecture department moved to accommodate a need for more space, between building on the Cornell Central Campus, the library moved and expanded with it.

Cornell Central Campus
Central Campus is the primary academic and administrative section of Cornell University's main campus in Ithaca, New York. It is bounded by Libe Slope to its west, Fall Creek to its north, and Cascadilla Creek to its south.
2000 in video games
The year 2000 saw the release of numerous video games as well as the launch of the PlayStation 2. Critically acclaimed games originally released in 2000 include sequels such as Madden NFL 2001, NBA Live 2001, NBA 2K1, WWF SmackDown! 2: Know Your Role, Baldur's Gate II, Diablo II, Dragon Quest VII, Final Fantasy IX, Metal Gear: Ghost Babel, NFL 2K1, Resident Evil – Code: Veronica, Spyro: Year of the Dragon, The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask, and Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2, along with new intellectual properties such as Deus Ex, Hitman,  Jet Set Radio, Perfect Dark, Skies of Arcadia, The Sims, SSX, Vagrant Story, and Sin and Punishment. The year's best-selling home video games worldwide were Pokémon games for the third year in a row (since 1998), while the highest-grossing arcade game in Japan was Virtua Striker 2.

NFL 2K1
NFL 2K1 is a 2000 American football video game developed by Visual Concepts and published by Sega for the Dreamcast. It is the second installment of Sega's NFL 2K series, and features remediation as well as multiple in-game product placements, such as Dreamcast ads in stadiums. It was followed by NFL 2K2, the last game in the series to be released for the Dreamcast, in 2001.

In the early 2000s, SegaNet was shut down and the online features of the game were shut down as well. However, in July 2017, the game's online features were brought back thanks to DreamPi. The rest of the 2K titles on the Dreamcast have since had their online components revived and are playable online today.