hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ruellia nudiflora
Ruellia nudiflora, the violet ruellia or violet wild petunia, is a perennial plant in the acanthus family (Acanthaceae) found in North America. Despite the genus Ruellia being known as the wild petunias, they are not true petunias and are not closely related to them.: 74  The species thrives in disturbed areas and can sometimes be considered a weed.

Petunia
Petunia is a genus of 20 species of flowering plants of South American origin. The popular flower of the same name derived its epithet from the French, which took the word pétun, 'tobacco', from a Tupi–Guarani language. A tender perennial plant, most of the varieties seen in gardens are hybrids (Petunia × atkinsiana, also known as Petunia × hybrida).
Love in a Dark Time
Love In a Dark Time: Gay Lives from Wilde to Almodóvar is a collection of essays by Irish writer Colm Tóibín published in 2002.

The first essay was a long review, published originally in the London Review of Books, on A History of Gay Literature: The Male Tradition by Gregory Woods.

"Writing these pieces", said Tóibín, "helped me to come to terms with things - with my own interest in secret, erotic energy (Roger Casement and Thomas Mann), my pure admiration for figures who, unlike myself, weren't afraid (Oscar Wilde, Bacon, Almodóvar), my abiding fascination with sadness (Elizabeth Bishop, James Baldwin) and, indeed, tragedy (Thom Gunn and Mark Doty)." 
The book also contains an essay on Henry James, a figure to whom the author would later devote a novel, The Master.

Thom Gunn
Thomson William "Thom" Gunn (29 August 1929 – 25 April 2004) was an English poet who was praised for his early verses in England, where he was associated with The Movement, and his later poetry in America, where he adopted a looser, free-verse style. He wrote about his experience moving to San Francisco from England. He received numerous literary honours. His poems are reputed to possess a restrained elegance of philosophy.
Phenolic content in tea
The phenolic content in tea refers to the phenols and polyphenols, natural plant compounds which are found in tea.  These chemical compounds affect the flavor and mouthfeel of tea. Polyphenols in tea include catechins, theaflavins, tannins, and flavonoids.

Polyphenols found in green tea include, but are not limited to, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epicatechin; flavanols such as kaempferol, quercetin, and myricitin are also found in green tea.

Epicatechin gallate
Epicatechin gallate (ECG, (−)-epicatechin-3-gallate) is a flavan-3-ol, a type of flavonoid, primarily found in green tea (Camellia sinensis), with smaller amounts in cocoa, grapes, and other plants. It is also reported in buckwheat and in grape.

As a polyphenolic catechin, ECG is formed by the esterification of epicatechin with gallic acid, contributing to antioxidant, antimicrobial, and potential anticancer properties. ECG is studied for its ability to reverse methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and inhibit inflammatory pathways, but its clinical use is limited by poor bioavailability and thermal instability in boiling water. Recent research highlights its potential in modulating SARS-CoV-2-related inflammation and bacterial virulence factors.

Epicatechin, as well as many other flavonoids, has been found to act as a nonselective antagonist of the opioid receptors, albeit with somewhat low affinity.
Iran women's national under-19 volleyball team
The Iran women's national under-18 volleyball team represents Iran in women's under-18 volleyball events, it is controlled and managed by the Islamic Republic of Iran Volleyball Federation (IRIVF) that is a member of Asian volleyball body Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) and the international volleyball body government the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).

Asian Volleyball Confederation
The Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) is one of five continental governing bodies in volleyball. It governs indoor volleyball, beach volleyball, and other disciplines in Asia and Oceania, excluding the transcontinental countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey, as well as the West Asian countries of Armenia, Cyprus, and Israel. The AVC consists of 65 national association members.

The AVC consists of the national volleyball federations of Asia and Oceania, and club competitions including the Asian Volleyball Championships, Nations Cup, and Champions League, and also controls the prize money, regulations, as well as media rights to those competitions.

Masaichi Nishikawa acted as the first president. The current president is Ramon Suzara, a Philippine National Volleyball Federation president, who was elected as AVC's ninth president at the 25th AVC General Assembly in Bangkok in August 2024.
Sun in culture
The Sun, as the source of energy and light for life on Earth, has been a central object in culture and religion since prehistory. Ritual solar worship has given rise to solar deities in theistic traditions throughout the world, and solar symbolism is ubiquitous. Apart from its immediate connection to light and warmth, the Sun is also important in timekeeping as the main indicator of the day and the year.

Solstice
A solstice is the time when the Sun reaches its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. Two solstices occur annually, around 20–22 June and 20–22 December. In many countries, the seasons of the year are defined by reference to the solstices and the equinoxes.

The term solstice can also be used in a broader sense, as the day when this occurs. For locations not too close to the equator or the poles, the dates with the longest and shortest periods of daylight are the summer and winter solstices, respectively. Terms with no ambiguity as to which hemisphere is the context are "June solstice" and "December solstice", referring to the months in which they take place every year.
Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge
The Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge is a  3,689.63 acres (15 km2) National Wildlife Refuge located in central Alabama, along the Cahaba River downstream from Birmingham, Alabama. The refuge was established on September 25, 2002. Additional purchases were approved that will potentially increase the size of the refuge to 7,300 acres (29.5 km2). Additional negotiations propose an expansion to a potential 280,000 acres (1,100 km2), most of which currently belongs to private landowners. The facility is unstaffed, but is administered by the Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge in Anniston, Alabama.

The refuge extends from just north of the confluence of the Little Cahaba and Cahaba Rivers to the Piper Bridge in Bibb county, approximately five miles east of West Blocton, Alabama. Approximately 3.5 miles (6 km) of the Cahaba River flow through the refuge. The refuge lies at the far southwestern end of the Appalachian mountain chain.

Anniston, Alabama
Anniston is a city and the county seat of Calhoun County in Alabama, United States, and is one of two urban centers/principal cities of and included in the Anniston–Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Anniston had a population of 21,564. Named "The Model City" by Atlanta newspaperman Henry W. Grady for its careful planning in the late 19th century, the city is situated on the slope of Blue Mountain.
Kevin Quiambao
Karl Kevin Argana Quiambao (born April 22, 2001), also known by his initials KQ, is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Goyang Sono Skygunners of the Korean Basketball League (KBL).

Quiambao won back-to-back UAAP high school championships with the NU Bullpups before playing for the De La Salle Green Archers in the league's collegiate level. He was named Rookie of the Year in season 85 (2022). He then led the Green Archers to the UAAP championship in season 86 (2023) in which he also won both the Most Valuable Player (MVP) and Finals MVP awards. He is also the first to have logged multiple triple-doubles in a season during the Final Four era (since 1993). In Season 87 (2024), he won his second consecutive MVP award but failed to defend their championship in the finals rematch with the UP Fighting Maroons.

Quiambao has been playing for the Philippine national team since 2022, notably in that year's FIBA Asia Cup.

UAAP Season 85 basketball tournaments
The UAAP Season 85 basketball tournaments are the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) basketball tournaments for the 2022–23 school year.

The collegiate men's and women's tournaments began on October 1, 2022. The Ateneo Blue Eagles reclaimed the men's title from their Finals opponents UP Fighting Maroons. The NU Lady Bulldogs 108-game winning streak was snapped in the elimination round by the De La Salle Lady Archers, but NU still won in the Finals against La Salle to win their 7th consecutive title.

The high school boys' tournament began on January 15, 2023, for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic. The FEU Diliman Baby Tamaraws defeated the Adamson Baby Falcons for their ninth title.
M. v. H.
M. v. H. [1999] 2 S.C.R. 3, is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the rights of cohabiting same-sex couples to equal treatment under the law. The court found that the definition of spouse in section 29 of Ontario's Family Law Act, which extended spousal support rights to unmarried cohabiting opposite-sex couples but not same-sex couples, was discriminatory and therefore unconstitutional under section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Alimony
Alimony, also called aliment (Scotland), maintenance (England, Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Wales, Canada, New Zealand), spousal support (U.S., Canada) and spousal maintenance (Australia), is a legal obligation on a person to provide financial support to their spouse before or after marital separation or divorce. The obligation varies depending on the divorce law or family law of each country and prenuptial agreements. In most jurisdictions, it is distinct from child support, where, after divorce, one parent is required to contribute to the support of their children by paying money to the child's other parent or guardian.
Varamin carpet
Varamin carpets and rugs or Veramin carpets and rugs (Persian: قالی و فرش ورامین) are carpets and rugs woven in city of Varamin and its surrounding area, southeast of Tehran. Many rug and carpet experts see Varamins as being among those Persian carpets most authentic in terms of traditional style and motif.

Woven fabric
Woven fabric is any textile formed by weaving. Woven fabrics, often created on a loom, are made of many threads woven in a warp and weft. Technically, a woven fabric is any fabric made by interlacing two or more threads at right angles to one another. Woven fabrics can be made of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or a mixture of both, such as cotton and polyester. Woven fabrics are used for clothing, garments, decorations, furniture, carpets and other uses.
Natolin Palace and Park Complex
The Natolin Palace and Park Complex (Polish: Zespół pałacowo-parkowy w Natolinie), also known as the
Natolin Park (Polish: Park Natoliński) is a historic park and nature reserve (1.2 km2) on the southern edge of Warsaw, Poland, in the Natolin residential neighborhood. It contains the Potocki Palace.

Wilanów
Wilanów (Polish pronunciation: [vʲiˈlanuf] ⓘ) is a district of the city of Warsaw, Poland. It is home to historic Wilanów Palace, the "Polish Versailles," and second home to various Polish kings. Wilanów is home to many villas and, despite being relatively far away from the city center, the district ranks among the most expensive in Warsaw.
History of the Japanese in Metro Detroit
In 2002, there were 6,413 people of Japanese origin, including Japanese citizens and Japanese Americans, in the Wayne-Oakland-Macomb tri-county area in Metro Detroit, making them the fifth-largest Asian ethnic group there. In that year, within an area stretching from Sterling Heights to Canton Township in the shape of a crescent, most of the ethnic Japanese lived in the center. In 2002, the largest populations of ethnic Japanese people were located in Novi and West Bloomfield Township. In April 2013, the largest Japanese national population in the State of Michigan was in Novi, with 2,666 Japanese residents. West Bloomfield had the third-largest Japanese population and Farmington Hills had the fourth largest Japanese population.

Macomb County, Michigan
Macomb County (/məˈkoʊm/ mə-KOHM) is a county on the eastern shore of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Detroit metropolitan area, bordering Detroit to the north and containing many of its northern suburbs. Its seat of government is Mt. Clemens, and its largest community is Warren.  As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 881,217, making it the third-most populous county in the state, behind neighboring Wayne and Oakland. Macomb County contains 27 cities, townships and villages, including three of the ten most-populous municipalities in Michigan. Most of this population is concentrated south of Hall Road (M-59), one of the county's main thoroughfares.
Sir Harry Smith, 1st Baronet
Lieutenant-General Sir Henry George Wakelyn Smith, 1st Baronet, GCB (28 June 1787 – 12 October 1860) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. A veteran of the Napoleonic Wars, he is also particularly remembered for his role in the Battle of Aliwal, India in 1846, his subsequent governorship of the Cape Colony, and as the husband of Lady Smith.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
Two and a Half Men season 9
The ninth season of the American television sitcom Two and a Half Men aired on CBS from September 19, 2011 to May 14, 2012.

The season saw Ashton Kutcher joining the cast as Walden Schmidt. This season is the first without the show's previous star Charlie Sheen, and features a rebooted plot, marking a major change in the series by focusing on Alan and Jake coping with life after the death of Charlie, with help from their new best friend and housemate, Walden, a dot-com billionaire who is in the process of being divorced by his wife. The trio bond and form a surrogate family unit. This was the last season to air on Mondays.

Dot-com company
A dot-com company, or simply a dot-com (alternatively rendered dot.com, dot com, dotcom or .com), is a company that conducts most of its businesses on the Internet, usually through a website on the World Wide Web that uses the popular top-level domain ".com". As of 2021, .com is by far the most used TLD, with almost half of all registrations.

The suffix .com in a URL usually (but not always) refers to a commercial or for-profit entity, as opposed to a non-commercial entity or non-profit organization, which usually use .org. The name for the domain came from the word commercial, as that is the main intended use. Since the .com companies are web-based, often their products or services are delivered via web-based mechanisms, even when physical products are involved. On the other hand, some .com companies do not offer any physical products.
Aravinda Bala Pajanor
Aravinda Bala Pajanor (5 December 1935 – 20 March 2013) was an Indian lawyer and politician who served as the minister of petroleum, chemicals, and fertilizers of the Republic of India in the Charan Singh-led government of India. He was the first member of parliament in the Lok Sabha of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam from the Puducherry constituency. He and Sathiavani Muthu are the first politicians belonging to the Dravidian and regional party to join the union cabinet.

Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) is a ministry of the Government of India responsible for the exploration, production, refining, distribution, marketing, import, export, and conservation of petroleum, natural gas, petroleum products, and liquefied natural gas in the country. The ministry is headed by Cabinet minister Hardeep Singh Puri, while its secretary is Pankaj Jain, a 1990-batch IAS officer of the Assam-Meghalaya cadre. Dharmendra Pradhan, who served from 26 May 2014 to 7 July 2021, is its longest serving minister till date.
BMW 3 Series (E30)
The BMW E30 is the second generation of BMW 3 Series, which was produced from 1982 to 1994 and replaced the E21 3 Series. The model range included 2-door saloon (sometimes referred to as a coupé) and convertible body styles, as well as being the first 3 Series to be produced in 4-door saloon and wagon/estate body styles. It was powered by four-cylinder petrol, six-cylinder petrol and six-cylinder diesel engines, the latter a first for the 3 Series. The E30 325iX model was the first BMW to have all-wheel drive.

The first BMW M3 model was built on the E30 platform and was powered by the high-revving BMW S14 four-cylinder petrol engine. The BMW Z1 roadster was also based on the E30 platform. Following the launch of the E36 3 Series in 1990, the E30 began to be phased out.

Limited-slip differential
A limited-slip differential (LSD) is a type of differential gear train that for on-road use still allows its two output shafts to rotate at different speeds, but limits the maximum difference between the two shafts to enforce a minimum of traction, unlike the common open differential, that allows one wheel to stand still while all power is wasted at the other wheel spinning at double speed, or a locking differential that simply locks them together, mostly temporarily in off-road use.

Limited-slip differentials are often known by the generic trademark Positraction, a brand name owned by General Motors and originally used for its Chevrolet branded vehicles.

In automobiles, such limited-slip differentials are used in place of a standard open differential, where they convey certain dynamic advantages, at the expense of greater complexity.
Jean-Guy Lagace
Jean-Guy Lagace (born February 5, 1945) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman.  He played in the National Hockey League with the Pittsburgh Penguins, Buffalo Sabres, and Kansas City Scouts; in addition, he played one season in the World Hockey Association with the Birmingham Bulls.

In his NHL career, Lagace played in 197 games, scoring nine goals and adding 39 assists.  In the WHA, Lagace played in 78 games, scoring two goals and adding 25 assists.

Birmingham Bulls (WHA)
The Birmingham Bulls were a professional ice hockey team based in Birmingham, Alabama. They played in the World Hockey Association from 1976 to 1979 and the Central Hockey League from 1979 to 1981. The Bulls played their home games at the Birmingham Jefferson Convention Center.

Prior to being in Birmingham, the team was known as the Ottawa Nationals and the Toronto Toros. The Birmingham Bulls' name has been used for other hockey teams such as the Birmingham Bulls of the East Coast Hockey League and the Birmingham Bulls of the Southern Professional Hockey League.
Reading Division
The Reading Division is a rail line owned and operated by the Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The line runs from Reading, Pennsylvania north and east to Packerton, Pennsylvania along former Reading Company and Central Railroad of New Jersey lines. At its south end, it connects to the Norfolk Southern Railway's Reading Line; its east end is at Norfolk Southern's Lehigh Line which parallels the R&N's Lehigh Division.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Cassano all'Ionio
Cassano all'Ionio, also named Cassano allo Ionio, is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in Calabria, southern Italy, known in Roman times as Cassanum. It lies in a fertile region in the concave recess of a steep mountain, 60 km northeast of the town of Cosenza, 10 km west of the archaeological site of Sybaris.

Cosenza
Cosenza (Italian: [koˈzɛntsa] ⓘ; Cosentian: Cusenza, [kuˈsɛndza]) is a city and comune (municipality) located in the region of Calabria in southern Italy. The city has a population of 63,240, making it the 5th-largest city in Calabria, while the urban area counts more than 250,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of the province of Cosenza, which has a population of more than 700,000.

The ancient town is the seat of the Cosentian Academy, one of the oldest academies of philosophical and literary studies in Italy and Europe. To this day, Cosenza remains a cultural hub, with several museums, monuments, theatres and libraries. The modern city is the centre of an urban agglomeration including, among others, the municipality of Rende, where the University of Calabria is located.
Rajper
Rajper, or Rajpar, (Sindhi: راڄپر) is a Sindhi Rajput tribe and subclan "nukh" of Samma Rajputs in Sindh, Pakistan. They are descendants of Jam Hothi son of Unar, Whereas in another tradition they are mentioned as descendants of Thebo son of Unar. Rajper literally means "Son of Raja (King)".

Rajpar community has over 70 sub castes in Sindh. Majority of Rajpar lives in Naushehro Feroz, Khairpur, Nawabshah, Sanghar, Sukkur and Larkana Districts of Sindh. Rajpar are mainly landlords, before the creation of Pakistan they collected taxes on the Sindhu Darya. Rajpar were among the supporters for Soomras to establish rule in Sindh. Current chief of Rajper tribe is Sardar Khalid Mian Khan Rajper, who is son of Ahmed Khan Rajper former headman of Rajper community.

Soomra dynasty
The Soomra dynasty (Sindhi: سومرا گهراڻو‎, romanized: Sūmrā Gharāṇō) was a late medieval dynasty of Sindh ruled by the Soomro tribe of Sindh, and at times adjacent regions, located in what is now Pakistan.