hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Realm of Fear
"Realm of Fear" is the 128th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. It is the second episode of the sixth season.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, Lieutenant Reginald Barclay (played by Dwight Schultz) has a paralyzing fear of the transporter and is convinced he is being attacked by a creature inside the beam.

The mission involves the Enterprise's encounter with the USS Yosemite, which is trapped in a plasma stream and whose crew is missing. This provides a backdrop to explore Barclay's fears, showing a new facet of a character who was previously oriented towards comic relief.

Starfleet
Starfleet is a fictional organization in the Star Trek media franchise. Within this fictional universe, Starfleet is a uniformed space force maintained by the United Federation of Planets (often called "the Federation" in the franchise) as the principal means for conducting deep space exploration, research, defense, peacekeeping, and diplomacy (although Starfleet predates the Federation, having originally been an Earth organization, as shown by the television series Star Trek: Enterprise). While most of Starfleet's members are human and it has been headquartered on Earth, hundreds of other species are also represented. Most of the franchise's protagonists are Starfleet commissioned officers.
Gloria (Them song)
"Gloria" is a rock song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison. Conceived in 1963, it was recorded with his band Them in 1964, and released as the B-side of "Baby, Please Don't Go" that same year. It received positive reviews and was moderately successful on release; it experienced commercial success in 1966, reaching number 75 on the Billboard Hot 100.

"Gloria" surged in popularity following a 1966 cover by the Shadows of Knight, which peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 1975, Patti Smith reimagined the song for her debut album Horses, incorporating verses from her own poems and work, which has earned continued acclaim.

The original version of "Gloria", along with Shadows of Knight and Smith's covers, have often been ranked by critics among the best songs of all time. It has become a garage rock staple and a part of many rock bands' repertoires and is covered by artists including the Doors and Car Seat Headrest.

Bill Janovitz
Bill Janovitz (born June 3, 1966) is an American musician and writer. He is the singer, guitarist, and songwriter of alternative rock band Buffalo Tom, and has also released three solo albums. Janovitz has written extensively for Allmusic, authored the Exile on Main St. book for the 33 1/3 series, and contributed to Boston magazine, the Boston Phoenix, and Post Road magazine. He wrote Rocks Off: 50 Tracks That Tell the Story of the Rolling Stones (2013) and Leon Russell: The Master of Space and Time's Journey Through Rock & Roll History (2023), which was a New York Times Best Seller.
2004 Nordea Nordic Light Open
The 2004 Nordea Nordic Light Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts that was part of the Tier IV category of the 2004 WTA Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and took place in Stockholm, Sweden from 2 August until 8 August 2004. Third-seeded Alicia Molik won the singles title and earned $22,000 first-prize money.

WTA Tier IV tournaments
The WTA Tier IV tournaments were Women's Tennis Association fourth-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled. Some of the tournaments became Tier V events between 1990 and 1992, and later from 2001 to 2005, before being integrated back into Tier IV.

From 2009 WTA Tour, WTA changed the tournament categories, so that most of the Tier III and Tier IV tournaments from 2008 were in one category, WTA International tournaments.
Dual representation
In mathematics, if G is a group and ρ is a linear representation of it on the vector space V, then the dual representation ρ* is defined over the dual vector space V* as follows:

ρ*(g) is the transpose of ρ(g−1), that is, ρ*(g) = ρ(g−1)T for all g ∈ G.

The dual representation is also known as the contragredient representation.

If g is a Lie algebra and π is a representation of it on the vector space V, then the dual representation π* is defined over the dual vector space V* as follows:

π*(X) = −π(X)T for all X ∈ g.

The motivation for this definition is that Lie algebra representation associated to the dual of a Lie group representation is computed by the above formula. But the definition of the dual of a Lie algebra representation makes sense even if it does not come from a Lie group representation.

In both cases, the dual representation is a representation in the usual sense.

Representation of a Lie group
In mathematics and theoretical physics, a representation of a Lie group is a linear action of a Lie group on a vector space. Equivalently, a representation is a smooth homomorphism of the group into the group of invertible operators on the vector space. Representations play an important role in the study of continuous symmetry. A great deal is known about such representations, a basic tool in their study being the use of the corresponding 'infinitesimal' representations of Lie algebras.
Society for Imaging Science and Technology
The Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T) is a professional society (a type of research and education organization) in the field of photography. Founded in 1947 as the Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers (SPSE), it is headquartered in Springfield, Virginia. In 2018 it had about 850 members worldwide, and 5,000 participants in its various technical and industry-related programs.

IS&T is perhaps best known for its technical conferences and courses on various aspects of imaging science and technology, including digital imaging, digital printing, color imaging, photofinishing, archiving, and digital fabrication. The society publishes The Journal of Imaging Science and Technology and, in collaboration with SPIE, The Journal of Electronic Imaging. In 2018, IS&T introduced the open access Journal of Perceptual Imaging.

Digital printing
Digital printing is a method of printing from a digital-based image directly to a variety of media. It usually refers to professional printing where small-run jobs from desktop publishing and other digital sources are printed using large-format and/or high-volume laser or inkjet printers.

Digital printing has a higher cost per page than more traditional offset printing methods, but this price is usually offset by avoiding the cost of all the technical steps required to make printing plates. It also allows for on-demand printing, short turnaround time, and even a modification of the image (variable data) used for each impression. The savings in labor and the ever-increasing capability of digital presses means that digital printing is reaching the point where it can match or supersede offset printing technology's ability to produce larger print runs of several thousand sheets at a low price.
Tony Ramey
Tony Ramey is an Americana and Country Music singer and songwriter. During his career, he has recorded eleven albums and EPs and had dozens of songs recorded by other country music artists. His repertoire of songs reaches over 3,400 in number and his songwriting career spans twenty-four years as a professional.  Ramey wrote and performed the title song for the movie, The Last Ride a fact-based drama about the final days of troubled country-music legend Hank Williams. His music can also be heard on the soundtrack for Pure Country 2: The Gift. He has performed a duet with Willie Nelson on his Soul Survivor album, which brought some acclaim to his status as a troubadour. His songs have appeared in television as well on daytime drama series “The Young and the Restless” and on outdoor television shows such as “Canada in the Rough”.

Pure Country 2: The Gift
Pure Country 2: The Gift is a 2010 American musical Western film directed by Christopher Cain. It is the second film in the Pure Country trilogy, and stars country music artist Katrina Elam. The film was released in the United States on October 15, 2010.
Joseph Paul Jernigan
Joseph Paul Jernigan (January 31, 1954 – August 5, 1993) was a Texas murderer who was executed by lethal injection on August 5, 1993 at 12:31 a.m.

In 1981, Jernigan was found guilty of "cold-blooded murder" and sentenced to death for killing Edward Hale, a 75-year-old homeowner who discovered Jernigan and his accomplice, Roy Lamb, as they were burglarizing his home.

Jernigan spent 12 years in prison before his final plea for clemency was denied. At the prompting of a prison chaplain, he agreed to donate his body for scientific research or medical use. After execution, his cadaver was sectioned and photographed for the Visible Human Project and the University of Colorado School of Medicine by Dr. Vic Spitzer and associates. He is the subject of an HBO documentary Virtual Corpse and also appeared on the British video game TV series GamesMaster's gore special.

Jernigan had no last words.

Lamb pleaded guilty to murder, received a 30-year sentence, and was paroled in 1991.

Capital punishment in Texas
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Texas, known as the capital punishment capital, for murder, and participation in a felony resulting in death if committed by an individual who is at least 18 years old.

In 1982, the state became the first jurisdiction in the world to carry out an execution by lethal injection, when it executed Charles Brooks Jr. It was the first execution in the state since 1964.

Texas, which is the second most populous state in the United States, has executed 597 people since the U.S. capital punishment resumption in 1976 (beginning in 1982 with the Brooks execution) to January 28, 2026 (the execution of Charles Victor Thompson)—more than a third of the national total. Even per capita, Texas has the nation's second-highest execution rate, behind only neighboring Oklahoma.
Ondřej Babka
Ondřej Babka (born 22 February 1994) is a Czech politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2019. He has been a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2024.

Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic
The Chamber of Deputies, officially the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (Czech: Poslanecká sněmovna Parlamentu České republiky, PS PČR), is the lower house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The chamber has 200 seats and deputies are elected for four-year terms using the party-list proportional representation system with the Imperiali and Hagenbach-Bischoff quotas. Since 2002, there have been 14 constituencies, matching the Czech regions, with district size varying from 8 to 26 representatives. A Cabinet is answerable to the Chamber of Deputies and the Prime Minister stays in office only as long as they retain the support of a majority of its members. The quorum is set by law to one third (67) of elected deputies. Any changes to the constitutional laws must be approved by at least 60 percent of the Chamber of Deputies. The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is the Thun Palace in Malá Strana, Prague.
P. J. Clarke's
P. J. Clarke's is a saloon and gastropub, established in 1884 and is one of the oldest continuously operating restaurants in NYC. It occupies a building located at 915 Third Avenue on the northeast corner of East 55th Street in Manhattan. It has a second location at 44 West 63rd Street on the southeast corner of Columbus Avenue. as well as a location at 250 Vesey St in Battery Park. Outside of NYC, there are locations in Philadelphia and Washington, DC. The restaurant is primarily known for its hamburgers such as the Cadillac.

Bar (establishment)
A bar, also known as a saloon, a tavern or tippling house, or sometimes as a pub or club, is a retail business that serves alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, liquor, cocktails, and other beverages such as mineral water and soft drinks. Bars often also sell snack foods, such as chips (crisps) or peanuts, for consumption on their premises. Some types of bars, such as pubs, may also serve food from a restaurant menu. The term "bar" refers both to the countertop where drinks are prepared and served and also by extension to the entirety of the establishment in which the bar is located.

The term derives from the metal or wooden bar (barrier) that is often located along the length of the "bar". Over many years, heights of bars were lowered, and high stools added, and the brass bar remains today.
Deruta
Deruta is a hill town and comune in the Province of Perugia in the Umbria region of central  Italy.

Long known as a center of  refined maiolica manufacture, Deruta remains known for its ceramics, which are exported worldwide. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Andy Stanford-Clark
Andrew James Stanford-Clark is a British information technology research engineer, specialising in telemetry and publish/subscribe messaging. In July 2017, he was appointed IBM CTO for UK and Ireland  Previously, he led a research team at IBM. He is a Member of the IBM Academy of Technology, an IBM Master Inventor and visiting professor at Newcastle University. He also serves on the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) peer review college and regularly delivers public talks.

Smarter Planet
Smarter Planet is a corporate initiative of the information technology company IBM. The initiative was formed to encourage the ideas of business, government, and civil society leaders worldwide towards their path of achieving economic growth, near-term efficiency, sustainable development, and societal progress. Examples of smarter systems include smart grids, water management systems, solutions to traffic congestion problems, greener buildings, IBM's goal and strategy is to use the capacity of these technology and process management capabilities and, outside the realm of technology, to advocate for policy decisions that, according to the IBM's management, could "make the planet smarter.
Lewis Hook
Lewis Hook (born 18 August 1996) is an English ice hockey player for Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL) side Guildford Flames and the British national team.

He represented Great Britain at the 2021 IIHF World Championship and 2022 IIHF World Championship.

Great Britain men's national ice hockey team
The Great Britain men's national ice hockey team (also known as Team GB) is the national ice hockey team that represents the United Kingdom. A founding member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in 1908, the team is controlled by Ice Hockey UK.
Olexandr Shevelev
Olexandr Anatoliyovych Shevelev (Ukrainian: Олександр Анатолійович Шевелев, born 2 December 1987) is a Ukrainian professional handball player for the german club Eschweger Tsv and the Ukrainian national team. He has previously played for Danish club Aalborg Håndbold, Spanish club BM Ciudad Real, Macedonian RK Eurofarm Pelister, Russian Dynamo Astrakhan and Dinamo Minsk in Belarus.

He represented Ukraine at the 2020 European Men's Handball Championship.

HC Dinamo Minsk (handball)
Handball Club Dinamo-Minsk is a former team handball club from Minsk, Belarus. Currently, HC Dinamo-Minsk competes in the Belarus First League of Handball. HC Dinamo-Minsk is a five-time Belarus league champion (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 ), winner of the Baltic League (2009), winner of the Cup of Belarus (2010) and the finalist of the Cup of Belarus (2009). Due to financial troubles, the club was dissolved in 2014.
John Ward Henderson
John Ward Henderson (October 28, 1873 – June 17, 1925) was a lawyer and state legislator who also served as mayor of Tallahassee, Florida in 1905. He served as a state senator in 1907 representing Leon County, Florida.

John Alexander Henderson was his father. Alvan S. Harper photographed him while he was a boy in the late 19th century. He studied law at the University of Virginia, graduating in 1896.

He was elected mayor of Tallahassee in 1904. In 1906 he was elected to represent Leon County, Florida in the Florida State Senate. He was photographed in the driver's seat of a Lincoln auto while talking to George Lewis in front of Lewis State Bank.

John Ward Henderson Jr. also served as a legislator in Florida. He and his sister May were photographed as children.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.
Liubov Yaskevich
Lyubov Ilyinichna Yaskevich (Russian: Любовь Ильинична Яскевич; born 17 April 1985) is a Russian female sport shooter. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's 10 metre air pistol, finishing fourth, 0.6 of a point behind bronze medalist Olena Kostevych. She was born in Kemerovo, Russia (then Soviet Union).

Kemerovo
Kemerovo (Russian: Ке́мерово, IPA: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəvə]) is an industrial city and the administrative center of Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Iskitimka and Tom Rivers, in the major coal mining region of the Kuznetsk Basin. Population: 557,119 (2021 census); 532,981 (2010 census); 484,754 (2002 census); 520,263 (1989 Soviet census).

The city was known as Shcheglovsk until 27 March 1932.
1952 Bournemouth East and Christchurch by-election
The 1952 Bournemouth East and Christchurch by-election of 6 February 1952 was held after Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Brendan Bracken was elevated to the House of Lords. The seat was retained by the Conservatives.

Brendan Bracken
Brendan Rendall Bracken, 1st Viscount Bracken (15 February 1901 – 8 August 1958), was an Irish-born businessman, politician and a Minister of Information and First Lord of the Admiralty in Winston Churchill's War Cabinet.

He is best remembered for supporting Churchill during his whole political career.

A noted publisher and editor, he was also the founder of the modern version of the Financial Times and of the monthly business magazine The Banker, as well as Managing Editor of The Economist.

He was Minister of Information from 1941 to 1945, managing the United Kingdom's propaganda efforts against Nazi Germany during the War.
Christopher D. Paice
Christopher D Paice was one of the pioneers of research into stemming. The Paice-Husk stemmer was published in 1990 and his method of evaluation of stemmer performance by means of Error Rate with Respect to Truncation (ERRT) was the first direct method of comparing under-stemming and over-stemming errors. Apart from his pioneering work on stemming algorithms and evaluation methods he made other research contributions in the area of Information Retrieval, anaphora resolution and automatic abstracting.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Boechera quebecensis
Boechera quebecensis, commonly known as the Quebec rockcress, is a critically imperiled herbaceous biennial or short-lived perennial flowering plant in the Brassicaceae family. It is endemic to limestone cliffs and escarpments of the Gaspé Peninsula in eastern Quebec, Canada.

Gaspé Peninsula
The Gaspé Peninsula, also known as Gaspesia (French: Gaspésie, [ɡaspezi]), is a peninsula along the south shore of the St. Lawrence River that extends from the Matapedia Valley in Quebec, Canada, into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is separated from New Brunswick on its southern side by Chaleur Bay and the Restigouche River. The name Gaspé comes from the Mi'kmaq word gespe'g, meaning "end", referring to the end of the land.

The Gaspé Peninsula is slightly larger than Belgium, at 31,075 square kilometres (11,998 sq mi). The population is 140,599 as of the 2011 census. It is also noted as the only region outside the Channel Islands to contain native speakers of Jersey Norman.
Oklahoma statistical areas
The U.S. State of Oklahoma currently has 28 statistical areas that have been delineated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). On March 6, 2020, the OMB delineated six combined statistical areas, five metropolitan statistical areas, and 17 micropolitan statistical areas in Oklahoma. As of 2023, the largest of these is the Oklahoma City-Shawnee, OK CSA, comprising the area around Oklahoma City, Oklahoma's capital and largest city.

Oklahoma City metropolitan area
The Oklahoma City metropolitan area is an urban region in Central Oklahoma. It is the largest metropolitan area in the state of Oklahoma and contains the state capital and principal city, Oklahoma City. It is often known as the Oklahoma City Metro (sometimes shortened to simply "the Metro"), or Greater Oklahoma City in addition to the nicknames Oklahoma City itself is known for, such as OKC or "the 405".

Counties in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area include Canadian, Cleveland, Grady, Lincoln, Logan, McClain, and Oklahoma. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the metropolitan region had a population of 1,425,695, up from 1,083,346 at the 2000 census.

The Micropolitan Statistical Area of Shawnee (in Pottawatomie County) is included in Oklahoma City's Combined Statistical Area (CSA) which brings the area population to 1,498,693.