hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kaare Sæther
Kaare Sæther (October 23, 1920 – February 12, 1987) was a Norwegian violinist, philharmonic member, and violin teacher.

Sæther was born in Bærums Verk, Norway. In 1944 he married Ellen Ekelund, with whom he had three daughters. Sæther studied violin with Øivin Fjeldstad. He played as a violinist with the Oslo Philharmonic from 1945 to 1985. Sæther debuted as a soloist at the University Hall (Norwegian: Universitetets Aula) in Oslo in 1946 accompanied by Robert Levin.

Kaare Sæther died in Harestua, Norway. He and his wife Ellen Sæther are buried at Grua Church.

Robert Levin (Norwegian pianist)
Robert Levin (6 June 1912 – 29 October 1996) was a Norwegian classical pianist and composer. Although he was an accomplished solo pianist and composer, Levin received international acclaim for his work as an accompanist with several of the world's most celebrated vocal and instrumental performers.
Rainer K. Silbereisen
Rainer K. Silbereisen (born 24 August 1944) is a German psychologist who serves as research professor of Developmental Psychology at the University of Jena, where he is also Director of the Center for Applied Developmental Science. He is a fellow of the American Psychological Association and the Association for Psychological Science, as well as a member of Academia Europaea. He has served as president of the German Psychological Society, the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, and the International Union of Psychological Science. He has also served as editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Behavioral Development, European Psychologist, and the International Journal of Psychology.

Association for Psychological Science
The Association for Psychological Science (APS), previously the American Psychological Society, is an international non-profit organization whose mission is to promote, protect, and advance the interests of scientifically oriented psychology in research, application, teaching, and the improvement of human welfare. APS publishes several journals, holds an annual meeting, disseminates psychological science research findings to the general public, and works with policymakers to strengthen support for scientific psychology.
Population-based incremental learning
In computer science and machine learning, population-based incremental learning (PBIL) is an optimization algorithm, and an estimation of distribution algorithm. This is a type of genetic algorithm where the genotype of an entire population (probability vector) is evolved rather than individual members. The algorithm is proposed by Shumeet Baluja in 1994. The algorithm is simpler than a standard genetic algorithm, and in many cases leads to better results than a standard genetic algorithm.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Bessi
The Bessi (/ˈbɛsaɪ/; Ancient Greek: Βῆσσοι, Bēssoi or Βέσσοι, Béssoi) or Bessae, were a Thracian tribe that inhabited the upper valley of the Hebros and the lands between the Haemus and Rhodope mountain ranges in historical Thrace.

Rhodope Mountains
The Rhodopes (/ˈrɒdəpiːz/; Bulgarian: Родопи, Rodopi; Greek: Ροδόπη, Rodopi; Turkish: Rodoplar) are a mountain range in Southeastern Europe, and the largest by area in Bulgaria, with over 83% of its area in the southern part of the country and the remainder in Greece. Golyam Perelik is its highest peak at 2,191 meters (7,188 ft). The mountain range gives its name to the terrestrial ecoregion Rodope montane mixed forests that belongs in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome and the Palearctic realm. The region is particularly notable for its karst areas with their deep river gorges, large caves and specific sculptured forms, such as the Trigrad Gorge.

A significant part of Bulgaria's hydropower resources are located in the western areas of the range. There are a number of hydro-cascades and dams used for electricity production, irrigation, and as tourist destinations.
CB Elche
Club Balonmano Elche, also known as Elche Mustang for sponsorship reasons, is a women's handball club from Elche in Spain. CB Elche competes in the División de Honor, the top tier in the Spanish league system.

CB Elche was 2nd in the 2012–13 season.

Elche
Elche or Elx (officially: Elx / Elche) is a city and municipality of Spain, belonging to the province of Alicante, in the Valencian Community. With of 242,317 inhabitants as of 2024, it is the 3rd-most populated municipality in the region. It is part of the comarca of Baix Vinalopó.

Part of the municipality is coastal yet the city proper is roughly 15 km (9 mi) away from the Mediterranean Sea. Elche is the centre of the footwear industry in Spain. The main airport of the province of Alicante (Alicante–Elche Miguel Hernández Airport) is located inside Elche's municipality, and it serves both Elche and Alicante, being the fifth-busiest airport in Spain.

Together with Alicante and other municipalities, Elche forms a conurbation of around 0.8 million inhabitants. The city is noted for its urban Palm Grove, designated as World Heritage Site.
Edward Dunn (politician)
Edward Dunn (21 December 1880 – 8 April 1945) was a British Labour Party politician.

Born in Dudley, Dunn grew up in Kiveton Park near Rotherham.  He followed his father in becoming a coal miner, and he joined the Yorkshire Miners' Association.  He was elected to Maltby Parish Council, becoming its chair in 1924, continuing as chair of its successor, the Maltby Urban District Council, until his death.  In 1919, he was elected to the West Riding County Council, becoming an alderman in 1922, and leader of the Labour group on the council from 1933 until 1936.

At the 1935 general election, Dunn was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Rother Valley.  He served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Arthur Henderson for a few months in 1942.  From 1941, he was also the deputy regional commissioner for the North Eastern Civil Defence Region.  He died in office in April 1945 aged 64, but no by-election was held because the 1945 general election was held in July.

Dudley
Dudley (/ˈdʌdli/ DUD-lee, locally [ˈdʊdləi̯]) is a market town in the West Midlands, England, 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Wolverhampton and 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Birmingham. Historically part of Worcestershire, the town is the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley. In the 2011 census, it had a population of 79,379. The wider Metropolitan Borough had a population of 312,900. In 2014, the borough council adopted a slogan describing Dudley as the capital of the Black Country, a title by which it had long been informally known.

Originally a market town, Dudley was one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution and grew into an industrial centre in the 19th century with its iron, coal, and limestone industries before their decline and the relocation of its commercial centre to the nearby Merry Hill Shopping Centre in the 1980s. Tourist attractions include Dudley Zoo and Castle, the 12th-century priory ruins, and the Black Country Living Museum.
Kierrie Johnson
Kierrie Johnson (born August 4, 1988) is an American former professional football player and is the wide receivers coach for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played as a wide receiver for the BC Lions, Saskatchewan Roughriders, Ottawa Redblacks, and Argonauts. He played college football for the Houston Cougars.

Houston Cougars football
The Houston Cougars football program is an NCAA Division I FBS football team that represents the University of Houston. The team is commonly referred to as "Houston" or "U of H". The UH football program is a member of the Big 12 Conference. Since the 2014 season, the Cougars have played their home games on campus at TDECU Stadium, which was built on the site formerly occupied by Robertson Stadium, where they played home games from 1941 to 1950 and from 1994 to 2012. Over the history of the program, the Cougars have won 11 conference championships and have had several players elected to the College Football Hall of Fame, including a Heisman Trophy winner.
Ice cycle
An ice cycle, ice bike, or icycle is a bicycle adapted for use on ice, usually by replacing the front wheel with an ice skate. Versions exist with and without additional skates to provide lateral stability, that have been based on upright and recumbent bikes, and that have been used for racing. Ice cycles have been in use since at least the 1890s, and theory predicts that a bicycle with a front skate can exhibit riderless self-stability similar to the same bicycle with a front wheel. At least one example has been made with both the front and the rear wheels replaced by skates.

Ice skate
Ice skates are metal blades attached underfoot and used to propel the bearer across a sheet of ice while ice skating.

The first ice skates were made from leg bones of horse, ox or deer, and were attached to feet with leather straps. These skates required a pole with a sharp metal spike that was used for pushing the skater forward, unlike modern bladed skates.

Modern skates come in many different varieties, each suited to specific conditions or activities. People across the globe wear skates recreationally in ice rinks or on frozen bodies of water, and skates are the standard footwear in many sports, including figure skating, bandy, ice hockey, ringette, rink bandy, rinkball, speed skating and tour skating.
Ernst Georg Pritzel
Ernst Georg Pritzel (15 May 1875 – 6 April 1946) was a German botanist.

He is known for his research in the fields of phytogeography and taxonomy. He contributed works on Lycopodiaceae, Psilotaceae and Pittosporaceae to Engler & Prantl’s "Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien".

In 1900–02, with Ludwig Diels, he collected plants in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. They published the results of their expedition (a collection of 5700 species) in the Botanische Jahrbücher in 1904–05. Their findings included 235 new species. Pritzel issued and distributed the exsiccata-like specimen series Plantae Australiae occidentalis 1901–1902 editae.

The fungi genus Pritzeliella was named after him by Paul Christoph Hennings in 1903 and Melaleuca pritzelii (originally Melaleuca densa var. pritzelii) by Karel Domin in 1923.

Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien is a botanical work in German language, first published in many volumes between 1887–1915 and written by Adolf Engler (1844–1930) and Karl Anton Prantl (1849–1893). It contained a complete revision of plant families down to generic level and often even further. As such it forms part of the Engler system of plant taxonomy.

The first edition of Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien appeared in 23 volumes. An incomplete second edition was issued in 28 parts (1924-1980), although Engler had died in 1930. It is still considered one of the few true World Floras.

Engler's starting point was that of Eichler who had been the first to use phylogenetic principles, and reflected the new post-Darwinian perspective, although Engler himself did not think that his was.  His modified Eichler schema first appeared in 1886 in his Guide to Breslau Botanic Garden (of which he was the director).
Sonia Lescaille
Sonia Lescaille  (born (1971-03-19)19 March 1971) is a Cuban former volleyball player. She was part of the Cuban women's national volleyball team that won the gold medal at the 1994 FIVB World Championship in Brazil.

Lescaille also won gold medals with the Cuban team at the 1991 Pan American Games in Havana, Cuba and the 1995 Pan American Games in Mar del Plata, Argentina.

Mar del Plata
Mar del Plata is a city of the Atlantic Coast, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the seat of General Pueyrredón district. Mar del Plata is the second largest city in Buenos Aires Province. The name "Mar del Plata"  is short for "Mar del Río de la Plata," and means "sea of the Río de la Plata basin" or "adjoining sea to the (River) Plate region." Mar del Plata is one of the major fishing ports and the biggest seaside beach resort in Argentina.
With a population of 682,605 as per the 2022 census [INDEC], it is the 5th largest city in Argentina.
Lukowich
Lukowich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernie Lukowich (born 1952), Canadian retired hockey player, father of Brad Lukowich

Brad Lukowich (born 1976), Canadian hockey player

Ed Lukowich, Canadian champion curler

Morris Lukowich (born 1956), Canadian retired hockey player, brother of Ed and cousin of Brad

Bernie Lukowich
Bernard Joseph Lukowich (born March 18, 1952) is a Canadian former NHL and WHA player. He played 79 games in the NHL for the Pittsburgh Penguins and the St. Louis Blues. And another 21 games for the Calgary Cowboys of the WHA.

His son is Brad Lukowich, who played in the NHL.
Warrack
Warrack is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allan Warrack (born 1937), Canadian politician

Grace Harriet Warrack (1855–1932), Scottish editor and translator

Guy Warrack (1900–1986), Scottish composer and conductor

Harriet Warrack (c. 1825–1910), Scottish school founder and headmistress

John Warrack (born 1928), English music critic and oboist

Grace Warrack
Grace Harriet Warrack (29 March 1855 – 3 January 1932) was an editor and translator in Edinburgh. She designed and commissioned the stained glass windows in High Kirk of the Free Church of Scotland, the Mound, Edinburgh.
Wilbert Hiller
Wilbert Carl "Dutch, Wib" Hiller (May 11, 1915 – November 12, 2005) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played nine seasons in the National Hockey League from 1938 to 1946 with the New York Rangers, Detroit Red Wings, Boston Bruins, and Montreal Canadiens The rest of his career, which lasted from 1935 to 1949, was spent in various minor leagues, including one season in the English National League. He won the Stanley Cup twice, in 1940 with the Rangers and in 1946 with the Canadiens.

Hiller was born in Berlin, now Kitchener, Ontario on May 11, 1915.  
Hiller's hockey career began with stints playing for the Kitchener Empires, the Sudbury Cub Wolves and the Sudbury Frood Miners. Prior to joining the New York Rangers in for the 1938-1939 season, he played in England with the Harringay Greyhounds and the New York Rovers.

He died of congestive heart failure in 2005.

Kitchener, Ontario
Kitchener is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Toronto. It is one of three cities that make up the Regional Municipality of Waterloo and is the regional seat. Kitchener was known as Berlin until a 1916 referendum changed its name. The city covers an area of 136.86 km2, and had a population of 256,885 at the time of the 2021 Canadian census.

The Regional Municipality of Waterloo has 673,910 people as of year-end 2023, making it the 10th-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth-largest CMA in Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are considered "twin cities", which are often referred to jointly as "Kitchener–Waterloo" (K–W), although they have separate municipal governments.
Robert W. Tebbs
Robert W. Tebbs (1875–1945) was an American photographer professionally active in the early to mid-twentieth century who specialized in architectural photography. Tebbs is most noted for his 1926 historical photo-essay of the plantations of Louisiana.

While much of Tebbs's photography work in Louisiana remained unpublished during his lifetime, historian Richard Lewis published a book of Tebbs's work in 2011.

Architectural photography
Architectural photography is the subgenre of the photography discipline where the primary emphasis is made to capturing photographs of buildings and similar architectural structures that are both aesthetically pleasing and accurate in terms of representations of their subjects. Architectural photographers are usually skilled in the use of specialized techniques and cameras for producing such specialized photography.
Erin Finn
Erin Finn (born November 19, 1994, in West Bloomfield, Michigan) is a female long-distance runner from the United States. She competed in the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior women's race placing 34th in 20:03.

West Bloomfield Township, Michigan
West Bloomfield Township (commonly known simply as West Bloomfield) is a charter township in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A northwestern suburb of Detroit, West Bloomfield is located roughly 27 miles (43.5 km) from downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the township had a population of 65,888.
American Committee for Spanish Freedom
The American Committee for Spanish Freedom was identified as a Communist front organization by the California Senate Factfinding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities in 1948. The organization opposed the Nationalist faction, and supported the Abraham Lincoln Brigades and others fighting for the Republican faction. 
Allen Chase was secretary and a 1936 candidate for Congress in New York on the Communist Party ticket. Other leaders included Stephen H. Fritchman of First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles, Bartley Crum, Representative John M. Coffee, Dalton Trumbo and Albert Maltz.

National offices were located at 55 West Forty-Second Street, New York City  and by 1945 headquarters were listed as 5245 De Longpre Avenue, Los Angeles.

Bartley Crum
Bartley Crum (November 28, 1900 – December 9, 1959) was an American lawyer who became prominent as a member of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, for his book on that experience, and for defending targets of HUAC, particularly the Hollywood Ten and Paul Robeson.
Ludwik Zwierzdowski
Ludwik 'Topór' Zwierzdowski (1830-1864) was a Polish captain in the Imperial Russian Army, member of the conspiracy of Zygmunt Sierakowski, military commander of the Mogilev Province, military commander of the Sandomierz Province until February 1864 and a colonel in the January Uprising.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
Belmont, Texas
Belmont, officially known as the "Belmont Site," is an unincorporated area of approximately 40 square miles in extreme western Gonzales County, Texas, United States, adjacent to Greater Austin, north of the "Belmont intersection" at the "Leesville Quad" water-testing site (FM 466), electorally known as local Precinct 5. The population of Belmont-proper has been rated at 36 employees, with the greater area rated at 1,169 residents. The area is defined by the limits of the northern and western county line, bordered by the significant 1800s land grants of Eliza Dewitt, Ira Nash, Samuel Robbins and Thomas Decrew. It is served by the Belmont Volunteer Fire Department.

Guadalupe County, Texas
Guadalupe County (Local /ˌɡwɑːdəˈlʊpiː/, Spanish pronunciation: [gwaðaˈlupe]) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 172,706. The county seat is Seguin. The county was founded in 1846 and is named after the Guadalupe River.

Guadalupe County is part of the San Antonio metropolitan statistical area.
Bontemorgen
Bontemorgen is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Buren, and lies about 7 km south of Veenendaal.

Bontemorgen is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Lienden. It was first mentioned in 1913 as Bontemorgen. Bonte is a references to cows, and morgen is an old land measurement. It consists of about 20 houses.

Veenendaal
Veenendaal (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈveːnə(n)ˌdaːl] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in central Netherlands, located in the province of Utrecht. Veenendaal is the only population centre within its administrative borders. The municipality had a population of 70,000 inhabitants on 8 August 2024 and covers an area of 19.72 km2 (7.61 sq mi).
Corno (river)
The Corno is a small river of the northern Lazio and eastern Umbria in Italy. Its source is on the upper slopes of Mount Corno, at an approximate altitude of 1700 m (5575 ft), and it flows for about 60 km (37 mi), almost always due north, past the towns of Leonessa, Ocre, Ruscio, Monteleone di Spoleto, Roccaporena, Cascia to Serravalle where it receives the waters of the Sordo; from there the last 11 km in a northwesterly direction to Triponzo, where it flows into the Nera at 420 m (1378 ft) altitude. Of the towns mentioned, only Serravalle and Triponzo are actually on the river, since in its upper course the Corno's torrential nature is not such as to make it safe for the siting of towns.

Triponzo
Triponzo is a frazione of the comune of Cerreto di Spoleto in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 420 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 45 inhabitants.
SweClockers.com
SweClockers.com is a Swedish online magazine about computers and computer hardware, founded in 1999, with about 270,000 unique visitors per week and 200,000 registered users, as of August 2017. The website has one of Sweden's largests forums which is focused on computer hardware, software, modding and overclocking. Folding@SweClockers.com is the most successful Nordic team in the distributed computing project Folding@Home and has its own forum on the website.

Overclocking
In computing, overclocking is the practice of increasing the clock rate of a semiconductor device, such as a processor, beyond its rated speed, potentially increasing its performance. Overclocked devices, however, may have shorter lifespans, become unstable and unreliable, and in extreme cases, be permanently damaged. Many manufacturers do not cover damage from overclocking in their warranties, while some allow it inside a predefined safety margin.