hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Luta, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Luta [ˈluta] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stąporków, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south of Stąporków, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Końskie, and 21 km (13 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce.

Końskie County
Końskie County (Polish: powiat konecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Końskie, which lies 38 kilometres (24 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Stąporków, lying 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Końskie.

The county covers an area of 1,139.90 square kilometres (440.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 77,019, out of which the population of Końskie is 19,176, that of Stąporków is 5,639, and the rural population is 52,204.
Pandora Reef
Pandora Reef is a low-lying island in addition to being an adjacent fringing reef.  It is in Halifax Bay in Queensland, Australia.  It is 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from the Greater Palm group.  
The name Pandora Reef dates back to at least 1889.

The surrounding waters are in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in the Coral Sea.  The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority designation is 18-051.  
Zoned as a Marine National Park, fishing is not permitted, although diving and photography are allowed.

Fringing reef
A fringing reef is one of the three main types of coral reef. It is distinguished from the other main types, barrier reefs and atolls, in that it has either an entirely shallow backreef zone (lagoon) or none at all. If a fringing reef grows directly from the shoreline, then the reef flat extends to the beach and there is no backreef.  In other cases (e.g., most of the Bahamas), fringing reefs may grow hundreds of yards from shore and contain extensive backreef areas within which it contains food and water.  Some examples of this are Philippines, Indonesia, Timor-Leste, the western coast of Australia, the Caribbean, East Africa, and Red Sea. Charles Darwin believed that fringing reefs are the first kind of reefs to form around a landmass in a long-term reef growth process. The largest fringing coral reef in the world is the Ningaloo Reef, stretching to around 260 km (160 mi) along the coastline of Western Australia.
Cools
Cools (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkoːls]) is a Dutch patronymic surname meaning "son of Cool", Cool being an archaic nickname for Nicholas. The name is particularly prominent in the Belgian province of Antwerp. People with the surname include:

Alexander Cools ( 1941–2013), Dutch behavioral pharmacologist

André Cools (1927–1991), Belgian socialist politician

Anne Cools (born 1943), Canadian social worker

Dion Cools (born 1996), Malaysian-Belgian footballer

Frans Cools (1918–1999), Belgian cyclist

Jens Cools (born 1990), Belgian football player

Julien Cools (born 1947), Belgian football player

Reginaldus Cools (1618–1706), Flemish Catholic bishop

Roshan Cools (born 1975), Dutch neuroscientist

Samantha Cools (born 1986), Canadian cyclist

Sarah Cools (born 1997), Belgian volleyball player

Kobe Cools (born 1997), Belgian footballer

Samantha Cools
Samantha "Sammy" Cools (born March 3, 1986) is a Canadian BMX (bicycle motocross) racer. Born in Calgary, Alberta, she was introduced to the sport by her brothers Ken Cools, coach of the New Zealand BMX team, and Greg. She currently lives in Ganddal, Norway.

Winning her very first race at three years of age and her first international race at age 10, she is now a 13-time Canadian national champion and five-time world junior champion. She was coached by Hervé Krebs. At the 2008 UCI BMX World Championships she finished fifth in the elite women event.

Cools competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the women's BMX. She qualified for the final in the event, but crashed after colliding midair with Gabriela Diaz seconds into the race. Although she did cross the finish line, she was officially classified as "Did not finish" and was ranked seventh.
Dalton Smith
Dalton Smith (born June 30, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is currently playing with the  Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League (AHL). Smith was selected by the Columbus Blue Jackets in the 2nd round (34th overall) of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft.

2010 NHL entry draft
The 2010 NHL entry draft was the 48th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 25–26, 2010, at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, the home arena of the Los Angeles Kings. This was the first time Los Angeles hosted the NHL entry draft. An unofficial record of eleven American-trained players were selected in the first round, starting with Jack Campbell and ending with Brock Nelson. The record was set in the 2006 and 2007 drafts, where ten U.S.-trained players were selected in the first round.

As of 2025 there are 38 active NHL players from this draft.
Tong lau
Tong lau or ke lau are tenement buildings built from the late 19th century to the 1960s in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Southern China, and Southeast Asia. Designed for both residential and commercial uses, they are similar in style and function to the shophouses with five-foot way (Min Nan Chinese: têng-á-kha) of Southeast Asia. Over the years, tong lau construction has seen influences of Edwardian-style architecture and later the Bauhaus movement.

Northern and southern China
Northern China (Chinese: 中国北方 or 中国北部; lit. 'China's North') and southern China (Chinese: 中国南方 or 中国南部; lit. 'China's South') are two approximate regions that display certain differences in terms of their geography, demographics, economy, and culture.
Only One Life: The Songs of Jimmy Webb
Only One Life: The Songs of Jimmy Webb is a studio album by American singer Michael Feinstein, released in October 2003 by Concord Records. The album was recorded in tribute to the songwriter Jimmy Webb.

Concord Records
Concord Records is an American record label owned by Concord and based in Los Angeles, California. Concord Records was launched in 1995 as an imprint designed to reach beyond the company's foundational Concord Jazz label. The label's artists have won 14 Grammy Awards and 88 Grammy nominations.

The original logo, a stylized eighth note incorporating the C and J of "Concord Jazz", was created by Bay Area graphic designer Dan Buck, who also worked on several album covers for the company.
Fatherhood/Motherhood
"Fatherhood/Motherhood" is the debut single of progressive rock band Ox.Eagle.Lion.Man. It was released under Transgressive Records in December 2007, on digital download, Limited Edition 7" and also on VHS, which was released with the music video on.

The band introduced themselves to the world officially, via their debut release on Transgressive records. A one-off 'concept single' produced by Gordon Raphael (Is This It, Room On Fire). They wanted their debut release to have as much scope as possible; and to comprise two tracks of equal importance, tied together by more than just the vinyl onto which they are pressed. Without an A or a B side, "Fatherhood/Motherhood" was the first complete piece of work that the band were happy to bequeath to the world, and was also accompanied by a two-party diptych videos, accompanying the release on VHS tape.

Room on Fire
Room on Fire is the second studio album by American rock band the Strokes, released on October 21, 2003, through RCA Records. Its title is derived from a lyric in the song "Reptilia". The album received positive reviews upon its release and reached number four on the US Billboard 200, where it went on to sell 597,000 units by October 2006, earning a gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It also reached number two on the UK Albums Chart. Three singles were released from the album: "12:51", "Reptilia", and "The End Has No End".
Cubic reciprocity
Cubic reciprocity is a collection of theorems in elementary and algebraic number theory that state conditions under which the congruence x3 ≡ p (mod q) is solvable; the word "reciprocity" comes from the form of the main theorem, which states that if p and q are primary numbers in the ring of Eisenstein integers, both coprime to 3, the congruence x3 ≡ p (mod q) is solvable if and only if  x3 ≡ q (mod p) is solvable.

Disquisitiones Arithmeticae
Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (Latin for Arithmetical Investigations) is a textbook on number theory written in Latin by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1798, when Gauss was 21, and published in 1801, when he was 24. It had a revolutionary impact on number theory by making the field truly rigorous and systematic and paved the path for modern number theory. In this book, Gauss brought together and reconciled results in number theory obtained by such eminent mathematicians as Fermat, Euler, Lagrange, and Legendre, while adding profound and original results of his own.
Chuks Joseph
Odum Chukwuemeka JosephListenⓘ (born 25 January) is a Nigerian actor, model, and influencer known professionally as Chuks Joseph. He gained prominence following his debut in the film Dark October based on true-life events.

Africa Magic
Africa Magic is a collection of Pay TV entertainment channels that focus on African programming, most popularly Nigerian series and movies. Africa Magic, which started off as single channel of the same name, is a brand owned by M-Net and now comprises seven channels.
Carowinds Monorail
The Carowinds Monorail was a monorail at the Carowinds amusement park in Charlotte, North Carolina.  Opening on June 2, 1973, it existed solely for entertainment, not transportation, as it had only one station. The ride was closed in August 1994, and relocated to the Vidafel Mayan Palace resort in Acapulco.

Monorail
A monorail is an urban rail transit type in which trains run on or are suspended above a single rail or beam structure to transport people. They have an intermediate transport capacity at the regional and metropolitan level, generally greater than that of the tram and less than that of the rapid transit.

Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track. Monorail systems are most frequently implemented in large cities, airports, and theme parks.
Geshem the Arabian
Geshem the Arabian or Geshem the Arab (Biblical Hebrew: גֶשֶׁם הָעַרְבִי, romanized: gešem hāʕarḇî ⓘ) is an Arab man mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. He was an ally of Sanballat and Tobiah and adversary of Nehemiah in Nehemiah 2:19 and 6:1). In 6:6, he is called "Gashmu," which is probably more correct, as an Arab tribe named "Gushamu" is known (Cook, "Aramaic Glossary," s.v. גשמו). When Nehemiah proceeded to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem, the Samaritans, and the Arabs made efforts to hinder him. Geshem or Gashmu, probably the chief of the Arabs, joined the Samaritans and accused Nehemiah of conspiracy against the Achaemenid emperor.

Walls of Jerusalem
The Walls of Jerusalem (Hebrew: חומות ירושלים, Arabic: أسوار القدس) surround the Old City of Jerusalem (approx. 1 km2). In 1535, when Jerusalem was part of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent ordered the ruined city walls to be rebuilt. The walls were constructed between 1537 and 1541. The walls are visible on most old maps of Jerusalem over the last 1,500 years.

The length of the walls is 4,018 meters (2.497 miles), their average height is 12 meters (39 feet) and the average thickness is 2.5 meters (8.2 feet). The walls contain 34 watchtowers and seven main gates open for traffic, with two minor gates reopened by archaeologists.

In 1981, the Jerusalem walls were added, along with the Old City of Jerusalem, to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list.
Josip Radošević
Josip Radošević (Croatian pronunciation: [jǒsip radǒːʃeʋitɕ]; born 3 April 1994) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Croatian Football League club NK Istra 1961.

Croatian Football League
The Hrvatska nogometna liga (pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː nôɡomeːtnaː lǐːɡa]; lit. 'Croatian Football League'), abbreviated as HNL and also known for sponsorship reasons as the SuperSport HNL, is a professional association football league in Croatia and the highest level of the Croatian football league system. Established in 1992, it was previously called Prva Hrvatska nogometna liga (1. HNL; lit. 'First Croatian Football League'), but a league structure reorganization from 2022–23 led to name changes for the three top league levels.
Pietati proximum
Pietati proximum (3 August 1234), more commonly known as the Golden Bull of Rieti was a papal bull by Pope Gregory IX which confirmed the Teutonic Order's domination of the Chelmno land east of the lower Vistula, and of any other lands conquered by Teutonic Order in Prussia ("to eternal and absolute ownership"). The German Orders should answer exclusively to the sovereignty of the Pope. The Bull of Rieti presented the written authorization of a previous verbal consent given in August and September 1230. The Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, Hermann von Salza, had stubbornly insisted on a written document.

The Bull of Rieti corresponds to the Golden Bull of Rimini of 1226, with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and the Treaty of Kruszwica of 1230 with the Polish Duke Conrad of Mazovia.

On 26 July 1257 this Bull was confirmed by Pope Alexander IV.

Prussia (region)
Prussia is a historical region in Central Europe on the south-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea that ranges from the Vistula delta in the west to the end of the Curonian Spit in the east and extends inland as far as Masuria, divided between Poland (Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship), Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) and Lithuania (Lithuania Minor). This region is often also referred to as Old Prussia.

Tacitus's Germania (98 AD) is the oldest known record of an eyewitness account on the territory and its inhabitants. Suiones, Sitones, Goths and other Germanic people had temporarily settled to the east and west of the Vistula River during the Migration Period, adjacent to the Aesti, who lived further to the east.
Magellanic Stream
The Magellanic Stream is a stream of high-velocity clouds of gas extending behind the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds over 100° through the Galactic south pole of the Milky Way. Associated with the stream is the leading arm feature. The stream was sighted in 1965 and its relation to the Magellanic Clouds was established in 1974.

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in astronomy, astrophysics and related fields. It publishes original research in two formats: papers (of any length) and letters (limited to five pages). MNRAS publishes more articles per year than any other astronomy journal.

The learned society journal has been in continuous existence since 1827 and became online only in 2020. It operates as a partnership between the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS), who select and peer-review the contents, and Oxford University Press (OUP), who publish and market the journal. Despite its name, MNRAS is no longer monthly, nor does it carry the notices of the RAS. In 2024 MNRAS became a purely gold open access journal.
Centule II of Béarn
Centule II of Béarn (French: Centulle II de Béarn; died c. 940) was a Viscount of Béarn in West Francia.

He was most likely a son — and successor — of the Viscount Loup Centule, whilst his mother was most likely Loup Centule’s spouse of an unknown name.

Centule became a viscount, and he married an unknown woman, who bore him a son, Gaston.

Gaston became viscount after his father’s death, and he fathered a son, Centule III of Béarn.

Viscount
A viscount (/ˈvaɪkaʊnt/ ⓘ VY-kownt, for male) or viscountess (/ˈvaɪkaʊntɪs/ ⓘ, for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status. The status and any domain held by a viscount is a viscounty.

In the case of French viscounts, the title is sometimes left untranslated as vicomte [vi.kɔ̃t].
Fatma Lanouar
Fatma Lanouar (Arabic: فاطمة لأنور; born March 14, 1978) is a former female middle-distance runner from Tunisia. She is best known for twice (2001 and 2005) winning the gold medal at the Mediterranean Games in the women's 1500 metres. Lanouar set her personal best (4:06.91) in the 1,500 metres in 2000. She was also the silver medallist at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie.

Mediterranean Games
The Mediterranean Games is a multi-sport event organised by the International Committee of Mediterranean Games (CIJM). It is held every four years among athletes from countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea in Africa, Asia and Europe. The first Mediterranean Games were held in 1951 in Alexandria, Egypt, while the most recent games were held in 2022 in Oran, Algeria.
Irish Socialist Federation
The Irish Socialist Federation (ISF) was an organization which was active in the United States and was founded by James Connolly and others. It had branches in New York and Chicago. In March 1907, a céili was held to launch the organization. The aim of the party was to raise  class consciousness among Irish emigrants in America. Members included James Connolly, ex-ISRP members Jack Mulray and John Lyng, Patrick L. Quinlan, and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn. It was initially aligned to the Socialist Labor Party of America, but later supported the Socialist Party of America. The official newspaper of the organization was known as 'The Harp'.

Class consciousness
In sociology, class consciousness is the set of beliefs that persons hold regarding their social class or economic rank in society, the structure of their class, and their common class interests. According to Karl Marx, class consciousness is an awareness that is key to sparking a revolution which would "create a dictatorship of the proletariat, transforming it from a wage-earning, propertyless mass into the ruling class".

Although Marxists tend to focus on class consciousness (or its absence) among the proletariat, the upper classes in society can also think and act in a class-conscious way. As Leonard Fein pointed out, "The very rich have been well aware of their class privilege and have laboured mightily to protect and defend it".
Military history of Africa
The military history of Africa is one of the oldest military histories in the world. Africa is a continent of many regions with diverse populations speaking thousands of different languages and practicing an array of cultures and religions. These differences have also been the source of much conflict for millennia.

Like the history of Africa, military history on the continent is often divided by region. North Africa was part of the Mediterranean cultures and was integral to the military history of classical antiquity, and East Africa has historically had various states which have often warred with some the world's most powerful. The military history of modern Africa may be divided into three broad time periods: pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial.

Second Battle of El Alamein
The Second Battle of El Alamein (23 October – 11 November 1942) was a battle of the Second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein and the Battle of Alam el Halfa had prevented the Axis from advancing further into Egypt.

In October 1942 Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery,  commander of Eighth Army, opened his offensive against the Axis forces. In a 13-day battle the Axis Panzerarmee Afrika was crushed and forced to retreat from Egypt and Libya to the borders of Tunisia. The Allied victory at El Alamein was the beginning of the end of the Western Desert Campaign.

The battle ended the Axis threat to the Middle East and Iran and revived the morale of the western Allies, being their first big success against the Axis since Operation Crusader in late 1941. The end of the battle coincided with the Allied invasion of French North Africa in Operation Torch on 8 November, which opened a second front in North Africa.
Farakou Massa
Farakou Massa is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Ségou in the Ségou Region of Mali. The commune lies along the right bank of the River Niger and includes 8 villages in an area of approximately 109 square kilometers. In the 2009 census it had a population of 14,314. The administrative center (chef-lieu) of the commune is the village of Kominé which is 49 km northeast of Ségou.

Farakou was historically the seat of a minor kingdom, one of 12 making up the province of Kala under the Mali and Songhai Empires. According to legend, the first king was a woman. In 1599 the mansa of Farakou joined the Mali emperor in his disastrous assault on Djenne, the only Kala kingdom to do so besides N'Goa. In 1644 the king of Farakou joined a Arma invasion of the Sultanate of Massina, and the following year was sacked by Bambara marauders.

Pashalik of Timbuktu
The Pashalik of Timbuktu, also known as the Pashalik of Sudan, was a West African political entity that existed between the 16th and the 19th century. It was formed after the Battle of Tondibi, when a military expedition sent by Saadian sultan Ahmad al-Mansur of Morocco defeated the Songhai Empire and established control over a territory centered on Timbuktu. Following the decline of the Saadi Sultanate in the early 17th century, Morocco retained only nominal control of the Pashalik.
Rich Johnson (basketball)
Richard Lewis Johnson (December 18, 1946 – June 15, 1994) was an American professional basketball player.

A 6'9" center from Grambling State University, Johnson played parts of three seasons (1968–1971) with the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association. He averaged 4.7 points per game in his NBA career and won an NBA Championship ring in 1969.

Johnson later played for several American Basketball Association teams.

Grambling State University
Grambling State University (GSU, Grambling, or Grambling State) is a public historically black university in Grambling, Louisiana, United States. Grambling State is home of the Eddie G. Robinson Museum and is listed on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. Grambling State is a member-school of the University of Louisiana System and Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Grambling State's athletic teams compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and are known as the Grambling State Tigers. Grambling State is a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
U.S.A. (painting)
U.S.A. is a trompe-l'œil oil painting by American artist John Haberle from 1889, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It depicts currency and stamps so realistically that Haberle was accused of pasting real money to the canvas.

John Haberle
John Haberle (1856–1933) was an American painter in the trompe-l'œil (literally, "fool the eye") style. His still lifes of ordinary objects are painted in such a way that the painting can be mistaken for the objects themselves. He is considered one of the three major figures—together with William Harnett and John F. Peto—practicing this form of still life painting in the United States in the last quarter of the 19th century.