hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electronic filter
Electronic filters are a type of signal processing filter in the form of electrical circuits.  This article covers those filters consisting of lumped electronic components, as opposed to distributed-element filters.  That is, using components and interconnections that, in analysis, can be considered to exist at a single point.  These components can be in discrete packages or part of an integrated circuit.

Electronic filters remove unwanted frequency components from the applied signal, enhance wanted ones, or both. They can be:

passive or active

analog or digital

high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-stop (band-rejection; notch), or all-pass.

discrete-time (sampled) or continuous-time

linear or non-linear

infinite impulse response (IIR type) or finite impulse response (FIR type)

The most common types of electronic filters are linear filters, regardless of other aspects of their design. See the article on linear filters for details on their design and analysis.

Q factor
In physics and engineering, the quality factor or Q factor is a dimensionless parameter that describes how underdamped an oscillator or resonator is.  It is defined as the ratio of the initial energy stored in the resonator to the energy lost in one radian of the cycle of oscillation. Q factor is alternatively defined as the ratio of a resonator's centre frequency to its bandwidth when subject to an oscillating driving force.  These two definitions give numerically similar, but not identical, results. Higher Q indicates a lower rate of energy loss and the oscillations die out more slowly. A pendulum suspended from a high-quality bearing, oscillating in air, has a high Q, while a pendulum immersed in oil has a low one. Resonators with high quality factors have low damping, so that they ring or vibrate longer.
Grimstead, Virginia
Grimstead is an unincorporated community in Mathews County, Virginia, United States. Grimstead is located on Gwynn's Island, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north-northeast of Mathews. Grimstead has a post office with ZIP code 23064.

Mathews County, Virginia
Mathews County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,533. Its county seat is Mathews.

Located on the Middle Peninsula, Mathews County is included in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Pidan (textile)
A pidan is a type of silk cloth used in Cambodian and Khmer weddings, funerals, and Buddhist ceremonies as a canopy or tapestry. Pidan are often decorated with images of wats, nāgas, apsaras, scenes from the life of Buddha, Angkor Wat, animals (especially elephants), and plants.

Wat
A wat (Khmer: វត្ត, vôtt [ʋɔət]; Lao: ວັດ, vat [wāt]; Thai: วัด, RTGS: wat [wát]; Tai Lü: 「ᩅᨯ᩠ᨰ」(waD+Dha); Northern Thai: 「ᩅ᩠ᨯ᩶」 (w+Da2), [wa̋t]) is a type of Buddhist and Hindu temple in Cambodia, Laos, East Shan State (Myanmar), Yunnan (China), the Southern Province of Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Jameel v Wall Street Journal Europe Sprl
Jameel & Ors v Wall Street Journal Europe Sprl was a House of Lords judgment on English defamation law. The issue was whether the defamatory article was protected by Reynolds privilege. The judgment was an affirmation of Reynolds v Times Newspapers Ltd and effectively upholds a public interest defence in libel cases.

Public interest defence
A public interest defence is a defence in law that allows a defendant who disclosed classified or protected information to avoid criminal or civil liability by establishing that the public interest in disclosure of the information outweighs the public interest in nondisclosure.

In the context of secrecy laws, it may permit a whistleblower to disclose government misconduct.

In the context of journalism, publication of a story that the journalist reasonably believes to be true "having regard for all the circumstances", even if subsequently found to be untrue, is protected against action for defamation in UK law.

In the United Kingdom, the Defamation Act 2013 provides a public interest defence.
Jen Chapin
Jennifer Chapin is an American singer-songwriter. She is the daughter of the singer-songwriter Harry Chapin and Sandra Chapin. She serves on the board of directors of WhyHunger, a grassroots support organization founded in 1975 by her father and the current executive director Bill Ayres. She has been compared at times with Laura Nyro, Tori Amos and Alanis Morissette.

Chapin's website describes her music as "jazz tinged urban folk soul...incorporating the funk, soul and improvisation of the city".

She studied at Brown University and the Berklee College of Music. She is also the sixth cousin of country singer Mary Chapin Carpenter.

In her recent years, Jen Chapin has taken up the occupational role of a high school history teacher, specializing in global history and teaching at a local Brooklyn high school.

WhyHunger
WhyHunger (formerly known as World Hunger Year, or WHY) is a 501(c)(3) organization (non-profit organization) that says it aims to end hunger by providing access to nutritious food both in the U.S. and the world.
Ceduna, South Australia
Ceduna (/səˈdjuːnə/ sə-DEW-nə) is a town in South Australia located on the shores of Murat Bay on the coast, west of the Eyre Peninsula. It lies west of the junction of the Flinders and Eyre Highways around 786 km northwest of Adelaide. The nearby port of Thevenard lies 3 km to the west on Cape Thevenard.  It is in the District Council of Ceduna, the federal electoral Division of Grey, and the state electoral district of Flinders.

The name Ceduna is a local Aboriginal Wirangu word, alternatively phoneticized as Chedoona, thought to mean a place to sit down and rest.

The town is a fishing port and a railway hub.

Iluka Resources
Iluka Resources is an Australian resources company, specialising in mineral sands exploration, project development, operations and marketing. It was formed in July 1998 in a merger between Westralian Sands and the titanium mineral business RGC Ltd, becoming Iluka Resources Ltd in 1999. Iluka is a major producer of zircon and titanium dioxide–derived rutile and synthetic rutile globally. The company has operations in Australia, and has also conducted business in the United States and the West African country of Sierra Leone in the past.
Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir
Thaher Salim Mohammad al-Shahiri (Arabic: ظاهر سليم محمد الشاهري), known by his nom de guerre Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir (Arabic: أبو الحسن المهاجر; died 27 October 2019) was the kunya used by the second official spokesman of the Islamic State from 5 December 2016 until 27 October 2019, when he was killed in a U.S. airstrike in northwest Syria. He was a Saudi national. He was replaced by Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi.

Kunya (Arabic)
A kunya (Arabic: كُنيَة) is an Arabic teknonym, an epithet mentioning a first born son, or sometimes daughter. Abū or Umm precedes the son's or daughter's name in the genitive case, for example Abu Bakr or Umm Kulthum. It is often used as a component of an Arabic name, and implies a familiar, but respectful relationship.
Lymphopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis (lĭm'fō-poi-ē'sĭs) (or lymphocytopoiesis) is the generation of lymphocytes, one of the five types of white blood cells (WBCs). It is more formally known as lymphoid hematopoiesis.

Disruption in lymphopoiesis can lead to a number of lymphoproliferative disorders, such as lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias.

Lymphoid leukemia
Lymphoid leukemias are a group of leukemias affecting circulating lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. The lymphocytic leukemias are closely related to lymphomas of the lymphocytes, to the point that some of them are unitary disease entities that can be called by either name (for example, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma). Such diseases are all lymphoproliferative disorders. Most lymphoid leukemias involve a particular subtype of lymphocytes, the B cells.
Musafir (1986 film)
Musafir (transl. Traveller) is a 1986 Indian Hindi drama film written and directed by Jabbar Patel. Based on Vijay Tendulkar's Marathi play Ashi Pakhare Yeti, the film is part of India's neorealist art films, known in India as parallel cinema.

Parallel cinema
Parallel cinema, or New Indian Cinema, is a film movement in Indian cinema that originated in the state of West Bengal in the 1950s as an alternative to the mainstream commercial Indian cinema.

Inspired by Italian Neorealism, Parallel Cinema began just before the French New Wave and Japanese New Wave, and was a precursor to the Indian New Wave of the 1960s. The movement was initially led by Bengali cinema and produced internationally acclaimed filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Ritwik Ghatak, Tapan Sinha and others. It later gained prominence in other film industries of India.

It is known for its serious content, realism and naturalism, symbolic elements with a keen eye on the sociopolitical climate of the times, and the general rejection of inserted song-and-dance routines that are typical of mainstream Indian films.
Burzec
Burzec [ˈbuʐɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wojcieszków, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

In the years 1975-1998 the town administratively belonged to the Siedlce Voivodeship.

In Henryk Sienkiewicz's novel The Deluge, the village is mentioned in the eleventh chapter as belonging to Jan Skrzetuski.

In the interwar period, Sienkiewicz's cousin Stefan Dmochowski lived in the local manor, as well as his brother Roman, the owner of the village Sarnów.

Jan Skrzetuski
Jan Skrzetuski is a fictional character created by Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz in the novel With Fire and Sword.  He is a man of honour, always faithful to his master, duke Jeremi Wiśniowiecki.  He loves Helena Kurcewiczówna, who was kidnapped by the Ukrainian Cossack Yuri Bohun, who is also in love with her. Skrzetuski is the best friend of Michał Wołodyjowski. Jan Skrzetuski is partly based on a historical character, Mikołaj Skrzetuski, the Polish hero of the Siege of Zbarazh.

In the 1999 film With Fire and Sword he is portrayed by Michał Żebrowski.
Garver Brothers Store
The Garver Brothers Store was a historic commercial structure in the village of Strasburg, Ohio, United States.  A simple commercial building in the village's downtown, it held a prominent place in the community and surrounding region.  Named a historic site in the 1980s, it was destroyed by arson in 2010.

Historic site
A historic site or heritage site is an official location where pieces of political, military, cultural, or social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value. Historic sites are usually protected by law, and many have been recognized with official historic status. A historic site may be any building, landscape, site or structure that is of local, regional, national, or global significance. Usually this also means the site must be at least 50 years or older.
Eletrobras
Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. (commonly referred to as Eletrobras, Portuguese pronunciation: [eˌlɛtɾoˈbɾas]) is a major Brazilian electric utilities company. The company's headquarters are located in Rio de Janeiro.

It is Latin America's biggest power utility company, tenth largest in the world, and is also the fourth largest clean energy company in the world. Eletrobras holds stakes in a number of Brazilian electric companies, so that it generates about 40% and transmits 69% of Brazil's electric supply. The company's generating capacity is about 51,000 MW, mostly in hydroelectric plants. The Brazilian federal government owned 52% stake in Eletrobras until June 2022, the rest of the shares traded on B3. The stock is part of the Ibovespa index. It is also traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market and on the Madrid Stock Exchange.

Bolsa de Madrid
Bolsa de Madrid (Spanish pronunciation: [bolsa ðe ˈmaðɾið]; Madrid Stock Exchange) is the largest and most international of Spain's four regional stock exchanges (the others are located in Barcelona, Valencia, and Bilbao) that trade shares and convertible bonds and fixed income securities, and both government and private-sector debt. Bolsa de Madrid is owned by Bolsas y Mercados Españoles.
Dejen Aviation Engineering Industry
The Dejen Aviation Engineering Industry (DAVI)  is a center for overhauling and upgrading military aircraft. Its primary objective is to provide depot level maintenance and carry out upgrading/modification to the fleet of the Ethiopian Air Force. It is one of the Defense organizations of the Ethiopian Defense Industry under the Ministry of Defense.

Military aircraft
A military aircraft is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft that is operated by a legal or insurrectionary military of any type. Some military aircraft engage directly in aerial warfare, while others take on support roles:

Combat aircraft, such as fighters and bombers, are designed to destroy enemy equipment or personnel using their own ordnance. Combat aircraft are typically developed and procured only by military forces.

Non-combat aircraft, such as transports and tankers, are not designed for combat as their primary function but may carry weapons for self-defense. These mainly operate in support roles, and may be developed by either military forces or civilian organizations.
Municipality of Pictou County
The Municipality of Pictou County is a county municipality in Nova Scotia, Canada. It provides local government to about 21,000 rural residents of Pictou County, but excludes the towns of New Glasgow, Stellarton, Pictou, Westville and Trenton that are administered by their own town councils.

Trenton, Nova Scotia
Trenton (Scottish Gaelic: Baile na Stàilinn) is a town located in Pictou County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Founded in 1786, it is situated on the east bank of the East River of Pictou. The community gained its name in 1882 at the suggestion of a prominent citizen, Harvey Graham, after he visited Trenton, New Jersey. It was incorporated as a town on 11 March 1911.
GAZ Valdai
The GAZ-3310 Valdai (Russian: Валдай) is a medium-class flat bed truck (category N2 MCV) formerly produced from late 2004 until 2015 at the Gorky Automobile Plant in Russia. It differs from the "GAZelle" light commercial vehicle in that it does require a category C driver's license. The production of the truck ended in December 2015. In 2020, a new generation of the Valdai was launched, called the Valdai NEXT.

Driving licence in Russia
Driving licence in Russia (Russian: Водительское удостоверение) are driving licences issued by the State Automobile Inspectorate which authorises its holder to operate motor vehicles on highways and other public roads across the Russian Federation. Driving licences in Russia issued since 2011, appear similar to European driving licences.
Edith Maxwell (author)
Edith Maxwell (born November 2, 1952) is an Agatha Award-winning American mystery author also currently writing as Maddie Day. She writes cozy, traditional, and historical mysteries set in the United States.

Cozy mystery
Cozy mysteries (or cosy mysteries) are a sub-genre of crime fiction in which sex and violence occur offstage, the detective is an amateur sleuth, and the crime and detection take place in a small, socially intimate community. Cozy mysteries thus stand in contrast to hardboiled fiction, in which more violence and explicit sexuality are central to the plot. The term "cozy" was used to describe works in this genre by the 1960s, though it only gained widespread recognition in the late 20th century, when various writers produced work in an attempt to recreate the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.
Ciosny, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
Ciosny [ˈt͡ɕɔsnɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ujazd, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Ujazd, 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 32 km (20 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Ujazd, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
Ujazd [ˈujast] is a town in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Ujazd. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 39 km (24 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź. It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land.
Third-degree atrioventricular block
Third-degree atrioventricular block (AV block) is a medical condition in which the electrical impulse generated in the sinoatrial node (SA node) in the atrium of the heart can not propagate to the ventricles.

Because the impulse is blocked, an accessory pacemaker in the lower chambers will typically activate the ventricles.  This is known as an escape rhythm. Since this accessory pacemaker also activates independently of the impulse generated at the SA node, two independent rhythms can be noted on the electrocardiogram (ECG).

The P waves with a regular P-to-P interval (in other words, a sinus rhythm) represent the first rhythm.

The QRS complexes with a regular R-to-R interval represent the second rhythm. The PR interval will be variable, as the hallmark of complete heart block is the lack of any apparent relationship between P waves and QRS complexes.

Sinoatrial node
The sinoatrial node (also known as the sinuatrial node, SA node, sinus node or Keith–Flack node) is an oval shaped region of special cardiac muscle in the upper back wall of the right atrium made up of cells known as pacemaker cells. The sinus node is approximately 15 mm long, 3 mm wide, and 1 mm thick, located directly below and to the side of the superior vena cava.

These cells produce an electrical impulse known as a cardiac action potential that travels through the electrical conduction system of the heart, causing it to contract. In a healthy heart, the SA node continuously produces action potentials, setting the rhythm of the heart (sinus rhythm), and so is known as the heart's natural pacemaker. The rate of action potentials produced (and therefore the heart rate) is influenced by the nerves that supply it.
Yau Yat Tsuen (constituency)
Yau Yat Tsuen is one of the 25 constituencies in the Sham Shui Po District of Hong Kong.

The constituency returns one district councillor to the Sham Shui Po District Council, with an election every four years. The seat is currently vacant. It was last held by Lawrence Lau Wai-chung, who defeated the then incumbent Dominic Lee Tsz-king of the Liberal Party (LP).

Derived from Tai Hang Tung & Yau Yat Tsuen in 2007, Yau Yat Tsuen constituency is loosely based on residential areas Tak Chee Yuen, Yau Yat Tsuen, Mount Beacon and the City University of Hong Kong in Kowloon Tong with estimated population of 14,650.

Sham Shui Po District
Sham Shui Po District is one of 18 districts of Hong Kong. It is the second poorest district by income in Hong Kong, with a predominantly working-class population of 405,869 in 2016 and the lowest median household income of all districts. Sham Shui Po has long been home to poorer new immigrants from China. It also saw the birth of public housing in Hong Kong, as the government sought to resettle those displaced by a devastating fire in its slums. Sham Shui Po also hosted a Vietnamese refugee camp during the influx of migration in the aftermath of the Vietnam War in the 1970s.

The district covers the Shek Kip Mei, Sham Shui Po, Cheung Sha Wan, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon Tsai, So Uk, Un Chau, Tai Wo Ping and Yau Yat Chuen areas of New Kowloon, and Stonecutters Island of Kowloon.
2016 STRABAG Challenger Open – Doubles
Wesley Koolhof and Matwé Middelkoop were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Sander Arends and Adam Majchrowicz.

Sander Gillé and Joran Vliegen won the title after defeating Tomasz Bednarek and Roman Jebavý 6–2, 7–5 in the final.

Sander Gillé
Sander Gillé (born 15 January 1991) is a Belgian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 18 by the ATP, achieved on 25 September 2023. He also has a career-high singles ranking of World No. 574, reached on 24 December 2018.
Gillé has won eight ATP Tour doubles titles with partner Joran Vliegen, including an ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2024 Monte-Carlo Masters.
President of the Departmental Council of Corrèze
The president of the Departmental Council of Corrèze (French: Président du conseil départemental de la Corrèze), until 2015 the president of the General Council of Corrèze (Président du conseil général de la Corrèze), prepares and supervises the spending of the budget and the decisions voted by the departmental councillors. The officeholder, who is in charge of financial management and heads the department's administration, has been Midi Corrézien's Pascal Coste of The Republicans since 2015.

Canton of Midi Corrézien
The canton of Midi Corrézien is an administrative division of the Corrèze department, south-central France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Beynat. It consists of a collection of communes.
2005 Royal Bank Cup
The Royal Bank Cup 2005 was the 35th Junior "A" 2005 ice hockey National Championship for the Canadian Junior A Hockey League.

The Royal Bank Cup was competed for by the winners of the Doyle Cup, Anavet Cup, Dudley Hewitt Cup, the Fred Page Cup and a host city.

The tournament was hosted and won by the Weyburn Red Wings in Weyburn, Saskatchewan. Late in the third period of the Final. tied 2-2, the Camrose goaltender attempted to cover the puck but it was poked loose and into the empty net by the Weyburn forechecker, Rick Woods.  The goal stood up and ended up being the winning goal.

Hawkesbury Hawks
The Hawkesbury Hawks are a Junior A ice hockey team based in Hawkesbury, Ontario. The Hawks compete in the Central Canada Hockey League (CCHL) as a member of the East Division. The team plays its home games at Robert Hartley Sports Complex.

The Hawks joined the league in 1974 as an expansion team along with the Navan Grads. The team has advanced to the Bogart Cup Finals three times, winning six times; the last time being in the 2004–05 season. They have won the Fred Page Cup once in franchise history, in 2005, after they won their last Bogart Cup.

The Hawks have a rivalry with the Rockland Nationals, also known as the Battle of Highway 17, in result of both arenas located alongside Highway 17, which starts after Trim Road in Orleans, all the way to East Hawkesbury.
Alberta Classic
The Alberta Classic was a golf tournament on the Nationwide Tour from 2003 to 2005. It was played in the Calgary, Alberta, Canada area. In 2003, it was played at The Links of Glen Eagles in Cochrane. In 2004 and 2005, it was played at the Redwood Meadows Golf and Country Club near Bragg Creek.

Tom Carter won the inaugural event in 2003, and because it was his third Nationwide Tour win of the season, he earned a promotion to the PGA Tour. Canadian David Hearn won the 2004 event. Peter Tomasulo won the third and final event in 2005.

The purse each year was US$450,000, with $81,000 going to the winner.

Bragg Creek
Bragg Creek is a hamlet in southern Alberta under the jurisdiction of Rocky View County in Division No. 6.

Bragg Creek is located 30 km (19 mi) west of Calgary (via Highway 8 and Highway 22) at the confluence of the Elbow River and Bragg Creek north of the intersection of Highway 66 and Highway 22.

Situated in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, this charming hamlet is steeped in tradition and history. Just a 30-minute drive from Calgary, close to the junctions of Highways 8 and 22, it’s a community of outdoor enthusiasts, artists, ranchers, and local businesses. This eclectic mix of residents coexist in harmony with nature and are proud to call Bragg Creek home.
It has been the location of several movies and TV series.