hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Avian immune system
The avian immune system is the system of biological structures and cellular processes that protects birds from disease.

The avian immune system resembles that of mammals since both evolved from a common reptilian ancestor and have inherited many commonalities.  They have also developed a number of different strategies that are unique to birds. Most avian immunology research has been carried out on the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus.  Birds have lymphoid tissues, B cells, T cells, cytokines and chemokines like many other animals. They can also have tumours, immune deficiency and autoimmune diseases.

Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system. Some portions of the immune system itself have immunosuppressive effects on other parts of the immune system, and immunosuppression may occur as an adverse reaction to treatment of other conditions.

In general, deliberately induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant. Additionally, it is used for treating graft-versus-host disease after a bone marrow transplant, or for the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's disease, or Crohn's disease. This is typically done using medications, but may involve surgery (splenectomy), plasmapheresis, or radiation. A person who is undergoing immunosuppression, or whose immune system is weak for some other reasons (such as chemotherapy or HIV), is said to be immunocompromised.
Accademia di Belle Arti di Perugia
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Perugia ("Academy of Fine Arts of Perugia") is a private tertiary academy of art in Perugia, in Umbria in central Italy. It is not one of the 20 official Italian state academies of fine art, but is legally recognised by the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, the Italian ministry of education and research, which gives its full name as Accademia di Belle Arti Legalmente Riconosciuta di Perugia "Pietro Vannucci". The academy became an autonomous degree-awarding institution under law no. 508 dated 21 December 1999.

Ministry of Education, University and Research
The Ministry of Education and Merit (in Italian: Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito or MIM) is the ministry of the Italian government for the national education system, the Italian universities and research agencies. The current Italian Minister of Public Education is Giuseppe Valditara and the Italian Minister of University and Research is Anna Maria Bernini.
Vine pull schemes
Vine pull schemes are programs whereby grape growers receive a financial incentive to pull up their grape vines, a process known as arrachage in French. A large program of this kind was initiated by the European Union (EU) in 1988 to reduce the wine lake glut from overproduction and declining demand. In the first five years of the program, growers, mainly in southern France and southern Italy, were paid to destroy 320,000 hectares or 790,400 acres (3,199 km2) of vineyard. This was the equivalent to the entire vineyard area of the world's fourth largest grower of grapes, the United States. The EU has recently resumed a vine pull scheme and Plan Bordeaux proposes additional vine pulls to increase prices for generic Bordeaux wine.

It is believed that this has contributed to the "global wine shortage". Research by America's Morgan Stanley financial services firm says demand for wine "exceeded supply by 300m cases in 2012".

Overproduction
In economics, overproduction, oversupply, excess of supply, or glut refers to excess of supply over demand of products being offered to the market. This leads to lower prices and/or unsold goods along with the possibility of unemployment.

The demand side equivalent is underconsumption; some consider supply and demand two sides to the same coin – excess supply is only relative to a given demand, and insufficient demand is only relative to a given supply – and thus consider overproduction and underconsumption equivalent.

In lean thinking, overproduction of goods or goods in process is seen as one of the seven wastes (Japanese term: muda) which do not add value to a product, and is considered "the most serious" of the seven.

Overproduction is often attributed to previous overinvestment – creation of excess productive capacity, which must then either lie idle (or under capacity), which is unprofitable, or produce an excess supply.
Third World Romance
Third World Romance is a 2023 Philippine romance film co-written and directed by Dwein Baltazar. The film stars Carlo Aquino and Charlie Dizon in the lead roles, with the supporting cast includes Ana Abad Santos, Archie Adamos, and Gardo Versoza. The film tells the story of two blue-collar workers who meet at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and they become co-employees at a grocery store. However, their budding romance is beset by persistent economic difficulties.

Produced by Black Sheep Productions and ANIMA and distributed by Star Cinema, it was released theatrically on 16 August 2023.

Anima (film company)
Anima (stylized in uppercase), formerly known as Globe Studios, is a Filipino entertainment production company. It focuses on co-producing film, television and online series content.

Anima is owned by Kroma Entertainment (formerly Sphere Entertainment), a new entertainment company backed by Globe Telecom through its Retirement Fund agency.
HMS Foam
Five ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Foam, a figurative term for the sea:

HMS Foam (1856), a wooden Albacore-class gunboat launched in 1856 and sold for breaking in 1867.

HMS Foam (1871), a composite Ariel-class gunboat launched in 1871 and sold for breaking in 1887.

HMS Foam (1896), a Thornycroft two funnel, 30-knot destroyer (classified as a D-class destroyer in 1912) launched in 1896 and sold for breaking in 1914.

HMS Foam (1919), an Admiralty steel drifter, launched in 1919, sold in 1921, and renamed Starwort.

HMS Foam (1943), J405 a Lend-Lease Catherine-class minesweeper launched in 1943 and returned to the US Navy in 1946.

See also

HMS Northern Foam a 655-ton trawler hired in 1939 and returned to her owners in 1945.

D-class destroyer (1913)
The D class as they were known from 1913 was a fairly homogeneous group of torpedo boat destroyers (TBDs) built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1890s. They were all constructed to the individual designs of their builder, John I. Thornycroft & Company of Chiswick, to meet Admiralty specifications. The uniting feature of the class was a top speed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) and they all had two funnels.
Englabörn
Englabörn is the first full length studio album by Icelandic musician Jóhann Jóhannsson, released by Touch Music in 2002. Music included on Englabörn was composed for a play by Hávar Sigurjónsson and was played by string quartet, percussionists and Jóhansson himself on several instruments. The album consists of mostly short pieces combining classical, ambient and electronic influences.

Touch Music
Touch (sometimes mistakenly written 'Touch Records' and sometimes written Touch Music, which is technically the publishing side of the company) is a British audio-visual organisation, operating the Touch label. Touch was founded in 1982 by Jon Wozencroft and Mike Harding.
Female detectives in the United Kingdom
The first records of a detective organization in London began in 1767, with the Bow Street Runners. This consisted of a group of seven men who investigated a robbery gone wrong. They got their name from the Bow Street magistrate’s office, the place where the men all worked. They had been trained to do this kind of work by their boss, John Fielding.

Other organizations followed the Bow Street Runners. There were small forces all across Europe that maintained order as best they could until a unified police force was created.

Some of those police forces were:

Abingdon Borough Police

Banbury Borough Police

City of Glasgow Police

Dublin Metropolitan Police

Banbury Borough Police
Banbury Borough Police was the police force responsible for policing the borough of Banbury in Oxfordshire, England between 1836 and 1925.

The force was created as a result of the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. By 1864 there were three police officers patrolling the streets whilst one remained in the police station. Several attempts were made to amalgamate Banbury Borough Police with neighbouring forces. A merger with Oxfordshire Constabulary following the Local Government Act 1888 was prevented only by the extension of the borough boundaries. By 1914 the force consisted of a head constable, four sergeants and 11 constables.

The force finally amalgamated with Oxfordshire Constabulary on 1 October 1925 with the two sergeants and 11 constables serving at that time becoming members of the county constabulary.
History of Southampton F.C.
Southampton Football Club is a professional football club that was formed in 1885.

The roots of the club can be traced to members of St. Mary's Church Young Men's Association, who played their football at various venues in Southampton for 13 years, prior to the move to the club's former ground, The Dell in 1898, where it remained until 2001.

George Burley
George Elder Burley (born 3 June 1956) is a Scottish former football player and manager. He had a professional career spanning 21 years as a player, making 628 league appearances and earning 11 Scotland caps. His most successful spell came while at Ipswich Town making 394 senior appearances, and being part of the squad that won the FA Cup and UEFA Cup in 1978 and 1981 respectively.

Burley's managerial career began in 1990 with Ayr United and has since spent spells at seven different clubs, including an eight-year spell back at Ipswich Town as manager, which included a promotion to the Premier League and guiding the club to a fifth place league finish at that level. On 24 January 2008 he was appointed manager of the Scotland national team. He was sacked on 16 November 2009, following a 3–0 defeat to Wales.
Warda al Turk
Warda Nicolas Yusuf Al-Turk (1797 – 1873) was a Lebanese poet who was born and raised in the Chouf District located in Mount Lebanon, during the reign of the Ottoman Empire. She was considered as a "revivalist" in her time, along with other remarkable women from the region, because she was able to revive old classical poetry. Through the influence of her poet father Nicolas Al-Turk who was a court poet for the historic Amir Bashir al-Shihabi II, Warda al-Turk developed a passion for writing and thus devoted most of her work to empowering women.

Her work in colloquial and classical Arabic was one of the very scarce, as a woman poet of her time, to survive to this day. She wrote a lot of poems most of which were panegyrics, in other words, poems of mourning and sadness.

Chouf District
Chouf (also spelled Shouf, Shuf or Chuf; Arabic: جبل الشوف, romanized: Jabal ash-Shouf) is a historic region of Lebanon, as well as an administrative district in the governorate (muhafazat) of Mount Lebanon.
ARINC 828
In avionics, ARINC 828 defines electronic flight bag (EFB) interfaces used in all types of aircraft. ARINC 828 specifies connectors, interwiring and signal types using MIL-DTL-38999 connectors which can be used to connect EFBs of all hardware classes with aircraft.

ARINC 828 combines classical aircraft interfaces like discretes, ARINC 429 or ARINC 717 buses with PC technology like USB, DVI, LVDS, and Ethernet.

ARINC 828 was first adopted by the Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee (AEEC) in September 2007. At the request of airlines and the supplier community, ARINC 828 will be updated as more airlines install EFBs.

ARINC 717
ARINC 717 is a standard that defines the data format of digital flight data recorders, issued by the company Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated (ARINC). It specifies the communication between various avionics systems and sensors and the flight data recorder.
It replaces the older ARINC 573 standard, which was based on analog inputs. It allows for more data and real-time recording.

Digital Expandable Flight Data Acquisition and Recording System (DEFDARS) flight recorder output signals include the following:

Primary Output – ARINC 717 Harvard biphase encoding

Auxiliary Output – ARINC 429 (DITS) bi-polar encoding

ARINC 747 defines an alternate solid state recorder that can be used with an ARINC 717 installation.

DEFDARS includes the following component functions

Digital Flight Acquisition Unit (DFAU)

Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR)

Accelerometer

Flight Data Entry Panel (optional) for entry of flight data
Maintower
maintower is the tabloid magazine of the Hessischer Rundfunk broadcast on hr-fernsehen from Monday to Friday at 6:00 pm.

The 25-minute programme covers tabloid topics with a focus on crime and accidents as well as other police and fire brigade missions in and around Hessen.

Fire department
A fire department (North American English) or fire brigade (Commonwealth English), also known as a fire company, fire authority, fire district, fire and rescue, fire force, or fire service in some areas, is an organization that provides fire prevention and fire suppression services as well as other rescue services.

Fire departments are most commonly a public sector organization that operate within a municipality, county, state, nation, or special district. Private and specialist firefighting organizations also exist, such as those for aircraft rescue and firefighting.

A fire department contains one or more fire stations within its boundaries, and may be staffed by firefighters, who may be professional, volunteers, conscripts, or on-call. Combination fire departments employ a mix of professional and volunteer firefighters. In some countries, fire departments may also run an ambulance service, staffed by volunteer or professional EMS personnel.
Access Radio
Access Radio is a community radio station based in Yei, Central Equatoria, South Sudan. It was officially launched in 2021 and broadcasts under the slogan "transforming communities". The station is licensed by the National Communication Authority, the statutory body mandated to license and regulate electronic communication activities and services in South Sudan

National Communication Authority (South Sudan)
The National Communication Authority is the national regulatory body responsible for managing the telecommunications, broadcasting, information and communications technology (ICT), and postal services sectors in the Republic of South Sudan. It operates under the mandate of the National Communication Act, 2012 and was officially launched in June 2015.

On Tuesday, May 13, 2025, Gieth Kon Mathiang Kun assumed the role of the Director General of the agency, a day after his appointment, through a Republic Decree to replace his predecessor, Adok Napoleon.
Nelsan Ellis
Nelsan Ellis (March 31, 1978 – July 8, 2017) was an American actor. He achieved critical acclaim for his portrayal of Lafayette Reynolds in the HBO television series True Blood (2008–2014), for which he won a Satellite Award from the International Press Academy, among other accolades. He also starred as Shinwell Johnson in Elementary from 2016 to 2017, and played a variety of guest roles on television.

In addition to his television work, Ellis appeared in several feature films throughout his career. He portrayed Eddie Sweat in the Disney sports drama Secretariat (2010), was Martin Luther King Jr. in Lee Daniels's The Butler (2013), and was Bobby Byrd in the 2014 James Brown biopic Get on Up. His final acting role was in True to the Game, which was released posthumously.

NAACP Image Awards
The NAACP Image Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented by the American-based National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to honor outstanding performances in film, television, theatre, music, and literature. Over 40 categories of the Image Awards are voted on by the NAACP members. Honorary awards (similar to the Academy Honorary Award) have also been included, such as the President's Award, the Chairman's Award, the Entertainer of the Year, the Activist of the Year, and the Hall of Fame Award. Beyoncé is the most awarded individual with 25 wins as a solo artist.
Thelxinoe (moon)
Thelxinoe /θɛlkˈsɪnoʊ.iː/, also known as Jupiter XLII, is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaiʻi led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2004 from pictures taken in 2003, and originally received the temporary designation S/2003 J 22.

Thelxinoe is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 20,454 Mm in 597.607 days, at an inclination of 151° to the ecliptic (153° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.2685.

It was named in March 2005 after Thelxinoe, one of the four original Muses according to some Greek writers, and a daughter of Zeus (Jupiter) by Mnemosyne.

Thelxinoe belongs to the Ananke group, retrograde irregular moons that orbit Jupiter between 19.3 and 22.7 million km, at inclinations of roughly 150°.

Muses
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Ancient Greek: Μοῦσαι, romanized: Moúsai, [ˈmuː.sai̯]; singular: Μοῦσα, Moúsa, [ˈmuː.sa]; Greek: Μούσες, romanized: Múses, [ˈmuː.ses]) were the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in ancient Greek culture.

The number and names of the Muses differed by region, but from the Classical period the number of Muses was standardized to nine, and their names were generally given as Calliope, Clio, Polyhymnia, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Erato, Melpomene, Thalia, and Urania.

In modern figurative usage, a muse is a person who serves as someone's source of artistic inspiration.
Marilyn (comics)
Marilyn was a British girls romance comic published weekly by Amalgamated Press and Fleetway Publications between 19 March 1955 and 18 November 1965. It ran for between 547 and 549 issues before merging with Valentine.

British girls' comics
British girls' comics flourished in the United Kingdom from the 1950s through the 1970s, before beginning to decline in popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. Publishers known for their girls' comics included DC Thomson and Fleetway/IPC. Most titles appeared weekly, with the content primarily in picture-story format. The majority of the stories were serialized, with two or three pages per issue, over eight to twelve issues. They were marketed toward young teen girls.

British girls' comics were often titled after common girls' names. Examples include Judy, Diana, Jackie, June, Penelope, Mandy, Tina, Sally, Tammy, Sandie, Debbie, Misty, Emma, Penny, Tracy, Suzy, and Nikki.

Long-running titles included Bunty, Mandy, and Judy (all DC Thomson) and Jinty, Misty and Tammy (IPC).
Odigitria
Odigitria is the archaeological site of an ancient Minoan religious complex, which includes two tholos tombs located near the modern Odigitria Monastery in the Asterousia mountains of southern Crete.

The tombs are dated from Early Minoan I to Middle Minoan IA and were excavated in 1979 by N. Dimopoulou and in 1980 by Antonis Vasilakis.  They were in use for more than 1,000 years. Artifacts found include seals, amulets, necklaces, gold diadems, stone blades, stone vases, pots and a gold bracelet.

Popstars
Popstars is an international reality television franchise aimed to find new singing talent. Serving as a precursor to the Idol franchise, Popstars first began in New Zealand in 1999 when producer Jonathan Dowling formed the girl group TrueBliss. Despite all shows in the Popstars franchise having been off air in recent years, it remains one of the most successful TV show formats of all time with the format being sold to more than 50 countries and producing groups such as Girls Aloud that had success on the UK charts for the next ten years after winning. The show was the inspiration for Simon Fuller's Idol franchise.
Marcel Jérôme Rigollot
Dr Marcel-Jérôme Rigollot (30 September 1786 – 29 December 1854) was a nineteenth-century French doctor and antiquarian famous for his role in the identification of evidence of some of Europe's earliest inhabitants.

Working near Amiens, he was initially critical of the claims of Jacques Boucher de Perthes who believed he had found artefacts that dated back hundreds of thousands of years to what is now called the Lower Paleolithic. In 1855 however he began to find examples of stone tools himself whilst studying the river gravels of the Somme in an effort to disprove his opponents. The tools' position within the gravel attested to their age geologically and following visits to the site of Abbeville and Saint-Acheul by the paleontologist Hugh Falconer and the geologist Joseph Prestwich the great age of the tools was accepted by the wider archaeological community.

Hugh Falconer
Hugh Falconer (29 February 1808 – 31 January 1865) was a Scottish geologist, botanist, palaeontologist, and paleoanthropologist. He studied the flora, fauna, and geology of India, Assam, Burma, and most of  the Mediterranean islands  and was the first to suggest the modern evolutionary theory of punctuated equilibrium. He studied the Siwalik fossil beds, and may also have been the first person to discover a fossil ape.
Andrzej Spot
Andrzej Spot was a 16th-century Catholic priest, Cistercian monk, Abbot, Canon, and Auxiliary Bishop of Kraków.

Born into the Łabędź (Swan) noble family, his family was originally Prussian.

He was Auxiliary Bishop of Kraków and titular bishop of Laodicea in Phrygia from 23 March 1547 till1560.
 In 1544 he received privileges from  Pope Julius III and In 1549 from King Sigismund August. He died on 5 March 1560.

Łabędź coat of arms
Łabędź (Polish for "Swan") is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by many knightly and noble families in Polish in medieval Poland and later under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, branches of the original medieval Duninowie (Łabędzie) magnate family as well as families connected with the Clan by adoption.
Finch Avenue
Finch Avenue is an arterial thoroughfare that travels east–west in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The road continues west into the Regional Municipality of Peel as Regional Road 2 and east into the Regional Municipality of Durham as Regional Road 37.

The road is considered a high-density transit corridor by Metrolinx. At its intersection with Yonge Street in North York, the Finch subway station and Finch Bus Terminal carry some of the highest numbers of commuters in the city.

Arterial road
An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road that sits below highways on the road hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed. The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to highways or expressways, and between urban hubs at a relatively high level of service. Therefore, many arteries are limited-access roads or feature restrictions on private access. Because of their relatively high accessibility, many major roads face large amounts of land use and urban development, making them significant urban places.

In traffic engineering hierarchy, an arterial road delivers traffic between collector roads and highways. For new arterial roads, intersections are often reduced to increase traffic flow. In California, arterial roads are usually spaced every half mile, and have intersecting collector(s) and streets.