hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Structured academic controversy
Structured academic controversy is a type of cooperative learning strategy where controversial issues are learnt and discussed from multiple perspectives by small teams of students. It is a technique and a way discovered and designed especially for students to get engaged in a controversy and then guide them to seek consensus. Students in such teams learn about opinions and views of other people as well as put forth theirs and attempt to agree politely with what they are convinced and also try to convince people to what they disagree without hurting sentiments of the opponent teams.

Consensus decision-making
Consensus decision-making is a group decision-making process in which participants work together to develop proposals for actions that achieve a broad acceptance. Consensus is reached when everyone in the group assents to a decision (or supermajority; see stand aside) even if some do not fully agree to or support all aspects of it. Consensus decision-making in a democracy is consensus democracy.

Consensus differs from unanimity, which requires all participants to support a decision.
West Properties
West Properties (UK) Ltd is a United Kingdom based property development company. The company focuses on high-end development projects, including Skyline Central, Lumiere, and Vivo in Manchester. Revenue for the 2008 fiscal year fell from £13.9m, down sharply from £26m the previous year.

In their 2012 book, The Untouchables: The People who Helped Wreck Ireland, Shane Ross and Nick Webb note that West Properties was set up and is run by Donal Mulryan, who used to work for Ballymore Group, which is run by his brother Sean Mulryan.

Shane Ross
Shane Peter Nathaniel Ross (born 11 July 1949) is an Irish former Independent politician who served as Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport from May 2016 to June 2020. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Rathdown constituency from 2016 to 2020, and previously from 2011 to 2016 for the Dublin South constituency. He was a member of Seanad Éireann for the Dublin University from 1981 to 2011, until his election to Dáil Éireann at the 2011 general election.

He is a former business editor of the Sunday Independent. He was a Fine Gael Wicklow County Councillor, and a one-time Fine Gael general election candidate in the Wicklow constituency. In the 31st Dáil he was a member of the Dáil Public Accounts Committee. He co-founded the Independent Alliance with Michael Fitzmaurice in 2015. He was re-elected to the 32nd Dáil, and subsequently appointed by Taoiseach Enda Kenny as Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport in May 2016.
Bob Diamond (banker)
Robert Edward Diamond Jr. is an American banker and former chief executive officer of Barclays plc. In 2010, he became its president and deputy group chief executive; and in January 2011, succeeded John Varley as group chief executive of Barclays.

Diamond resigned as chief executive of Barclays after a Bank of England hearing on July 3, 2012, following controversy over manipulation of Libor interest rates by traders employed by the bank.

Waterville, Maine
Waterville is a city in Kennebec County, Maine, United States, on the west bank of the Kennebec River. A college town, the city is home to Colby College, a NESCAC college, and Thomas College.

As of the 2020 census the population was 15,828. Along with Augusta, Waterville is one of the principal cities of the Augusta-Waterville, ME Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Philippe Houillon
Philippe Houillon (born December 15, 1951) was a member of the National Assembly of France
from 1993 to 2017.  He represented the first constituency of the Val-d'Oise department. He is a member of The Republicans.

Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (French: [val dwaz] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Oise') is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.

It is named after the river Oise, a major tributary of the Seine, which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. Charles de Gaulle Airport, France's main international airport, is partially located in Roissy-en-France, a commune of Val-d'Oise.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 95.
Serge Simard
Serge Simard (born 1950) is a Canadian politician in the province of Quebec. Simard was elected to represent the riding of Dubuc in the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2008 provincial election. He is a member of the Quebec Liberal Party and the delegate Minister for Natural Resources.

A municipal councillor prior to his election, he was the president of the council in La Baie, a borough in the Saguenay region, and a member of several committees in the city of Saguenay. Prior to his political career, Simard obtained a degree from the Université Laval and worked for several years for the Mouvement Desjardins.

2008 Quebec general election
The 2008 Quebec general election was held in the Canadian province of Quebec on December 8, 2008. The Quebec Liberal Party, under incumbent Premier Jean Charest, was re-elected with a majority government, marking the first time since the 1950s (when the Union Nationale of Maurice Duplessis won four consecutive elections) that a party or leader was elected to a third consecutive mandate, and the first time for the Liberals since the 1930s, when Louis-Alexandre Taschereau was Premier.

The 2008 election also marked the first time that Québec solidaire won a seat.
Chris Lindsey
Christopher Marsh Lindsey is a Grammy nominated American country music songwriter and record producer. He has created major hits for Taylor Swift, The Civil Wars, Adam Lambert, Carrie Underwood, Kenny Chesney, Kellie Pickler, Keith Urban, Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Martina McBride, Sara Evans, Lonestar, and many others. Lindsey has over 250 commercial recordings of his songs selling 90 Million records and counting.

Brendan James
Brendan James (born July 17, 1979) is an American, piano-based singer-songwriter from Derry, New Hampshire. James spent his early music career playing at New York City open mics before he signed to Capitol Records in 2005. At Capitol he spent a year and a half recording his debut album, but was dropped before its release during the Capitol Records/Virgin Records merger in 2007. After leaving Capitol, he self-produced and released an EP, The Ballroom Break-in. He signed to Decca Records in 2008 and has released two studio albums with the label. His debut album, The Day is Brave, was released in 2008, while his self-titled second album, Brendan James, came out in 2010. He has toured nationally to support the albums, including tours with artists such as Jason Reeves, John Mayer, Tyrone Wells, Matt White, and Amber Rubarth.
Murphy Lake (Lincoln County, Montana)
Murphy Lake is a lake in Lincoln County, Montana, United States, within Kootenai National Forest, northwest of Dickey Lake. Murphy Lake lies at an elevation of 2999 feet (914 m). A ranger station and a campground are located on the lake's shore.

Lincoln County, Montana
Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,677. Its county seat is Libby. The county was founded in 1909 and named for President Abraham Lincoln. The county lies on Montana's north border and thus shares the US-Canadian border with the Canadian province of British Columbia.

This heavily wooded and mountainous county once was part of Flathead County until residents of Libby and Eureka petitioned the state legislature for separation. Libby won an election over Eureka to host the county seat.
Thalita Simplício
Thalita Vitória Simplício da Silva (born 20 August 1997) is a Brazilian Paralympic athlete who competes in sprinting and long jump events at international elite events. She is a Paralympic silver medalist, a six-time Parapan American Games silver medalist and a World champion in sprinting.

Parapan American Games
The Parapan American Games is an international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities held every four years after every Pan American Games. The first Games were held in 1999 in Mexico City, Mexico. The 2003 Parapan American Games was the last Parapan American Games that was not held in the same city as the Pan American Games. The most recent Parapan American Games were held between 17 and 26 November 2023, in Santiago, Chile.
It is organized by the Americas Paralympic Committee.
Orthogonal wavelet
An orthogonal wavelet is a wavelet whose associated wavelet transform is orthogonal.
That is, the inverse wavelet transform is the adjoint of the wavelet transform.
If this condition is weakened one may end up with biorthogonal wavelets.

Hermitian adjoint
In mathematics, specifically in operator theory, each linear operator  on an inner product space defines a Hermitian adjoint (or adjoint) operator  on that space according to the rule

where  is the inner product on the vector space.

The adjoint may also be called the Hermitian conjugate or simply the Hermitian after Charles Hermite.  It is often denoted by A† in fields like physics, especially when used in conjunction with bra–ket notation in quantum mechanics.  In finite dimensions where operators can be represented by matrices, the Hermitian adjoint is given by the conjugate transpose (also known as the Hermitian transpose).

The above definition of an adjoint operator extends verbatim to bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces .  The definition has been further extended to include unbounded densely defined operators, whose domain is topologically dense in, but not necessarily equal to,
Lenehan and Corley
Lenehan and Corley appear in at least two works by James Joyce:

In the story "Two Gallants" from Dubliners

Lenehan:

In the "Aeolus", "The Wandering Rocks" "Sirens", "Cyclops", "Oxen of the Sun" and "Circe" episodes of Ulysses

Corley:

In the "Eumaeus" episode of Ulysses

Lenehan, as well as being described as a 'leech', is a writer of 'flimsies' (horse racing tip sheets) and apparently does some freelance journalist hack work, notably at the Freeman's Journal newspaper. He considers himself witty.

Corley (who pronounces his name 'Horley') is of an undefined occupation. He is shown in "Two Gallants" to be conning an infatuated servant girl out of money, possibly her master's, and also may be a police informer (Joyce is deliberately obscure on this point). Frequently short of money, he is prepared to beg.

The two are friends, with Lenehan appearing as the remora to Corley's shark in "Two Gallants".

Tip sheet
A tip sheet is a publication containing the latest information, tips or predictions for a particular industry. Tip sheets are commonly published to impart business or stock market information, music industry songwriter leads, and tips on horse racing results.
Donald H. McDonald
Donald Hogarth McDonald (January 11, 1867 – 1928) was a Canadian politician.

Born in 1867 in Qu'Appelle, Rupert's Land (now Saskatchewan) Donald was first elected to the North-West Territories Legislature in an 1896 by-election, he was re-elected for 2 more terms until 1905.

In the 1902 North-West Territories election McDonald became leader of the Northwest Territories Liberal Party, and served as leader of the official opposition during the 5th North-West Legislative Assembly. He came out of retirement during the 1921 Saskatchewan general election and was elected as an Independent member for South Qu'Appelle to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. He served one term and was defeated by Anton Huck in 1925.

South Qu'Appelle
South Qu'Appelle is a former provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. The district was created before the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905, and abolished before the 8th Saskatchewan general election in 1934 into Qu'Appelle-Wolseley and parts of Lumsden and Francis. It was the riding of former Premier of the North-West Territories and Saskatchewan Opposition leader Frederick Haultain.

It is now part of the constituencies of Indian Head-Milestone and Regina Wascana Plains.
Stephen Avenue
Stephen Avenue is a major pedestrian mall in downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The mall is the portion of 8 Avenue SW between 4 Street SW and 1 Street SE. It is open to vehicles only from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.

The street is known for some of Calgary's finest restaurants, cafés, pubs and bars. The street also provides an eclectic mix of boutiques and high-end retail.  Major shopping centres include The Core Shopping Centre (formerly Calgary Eaton Centre/TD Square), Bankers Hall, Fashion Central, Scotia Centre, and The Bay department store.

The street is also home to downtown Calgary's major convention and exhibition facility, the Calgary Telus Convention Centre, and two hotels, the Hyatt Regency Calgary, which incorporates several historic buildings into its facade, and the Calgary Marriott.

Calgary Telus Convention Centre
Calgary Telus Convention Centre (CTCC) is a convention centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Opened in 1974 as the Calgary Convention Centre, it is operated by the Calgary Convention Centre Authority on behalf of the City of Calgary. The facility offers 122,000 square feet of convention space, over 47,000 square feet of exhibit space, five pre-function areas and 36 meeting rooms.

In December 1996, the facility was renamed as Calgary Telus Convention Centre due to a naming rights agreement with Telus. In 2000, it was expanded with the addition of the north building.
Sulu gollumshark
The Sulu gollumshark (Gollum suluensis) is a species of ground shark in the family Pseudotriakidae, found off Palawan Island in the southern Philippines. This recently discovered species was discovered at a fish market in Palawan during a project led by the World Wildlife Fund during the 1990s to investigate elasmobranch biodiversity in the area.

The Sulu gollumshark derives its name from the Sulu Sea in the Philippines. They can grow to sizes of 58.5 cm (1.92 ft) in length, and feature darker coloration and a wider head relative to the closely related slender smooth-hound, another species of gollumshark.

Palawan (island)
Palawan (Spanish: Isla de La Paragua) is the largest island of the province of Palawan in the Philippines and fifth-largest by area and tenth-most populous island of the country, with a total population of 1,023,849 as of 2024 census. The northwest coast of the island is along the Palawan Passage in the eastern South China Sea, while the southeast coast forms part of the northern limit of the Sulu Sea. Much of the island remains traditional and is considered by some as under-developed. Abundant wildlife, jungle mountains, and some white sandy beaches attract many tourists, as well as international companies looking for development opportunities.

One city and 12 out of the 23 municipalities of the Province of Palawan are on this island. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, one of seven operating units of the Bureau of Corrections, is located on the island.
2021 Conference Carolinas men's volleyball tournament
The 2021 Conference Carolinas men's volleyball tournament is the men's volleyball tournament for Conference Carolinas during the 2021 NCAA Division I & II men's volleyball season. It will be held April 8 through April 18, 2021. First Round and Quarterfinal matches will be held at campus sites while the semifinals and championship will be held at Student Center Complex in Bristol, Tennessee. The winner receives the conference's automatic bid to the 2021 NCAA Volleyball Tournament.

NCAA men's volleyball tournament
The NCAA men's volleyball tournament, officially titled the NCAA national collegiate men's volleyball championship, is an annual competition that determines the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship in American college men's volleyball. It had been the only NCAA championship in the sport from 1970 until 2012, when the NCAA launched a Division III championship.

Unlike most NCAA sports, men's volleyball uses a modified version of the National Collegiate championship format, which means Division I and Division II teams compete against each other in the same tournament.

In the past, schools from the Pacific Coast region have dominated this sport, in particular UCLA with coach Al Scates leading the program to 19 NCAA titles (more than any other coach).
The Blue Marlin
Video games portal

1990s portal

The Blue Marlin (ザ‧ブルーマリーン) is a 1991 fishing video game developed and published by Hot-B for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). Following in the tradition of its predecessors, The Black Bass for MSX and The Black Bass for NES, the objective is to win a tournament by catching the largest fish in the time allotted. The Blue Marlin features four tournament rounds (one in Florida and the other three in Hawaii). It was re-released in 2016 as a built-in game for the Retro-Bit Generations retro video game console.

Dedicated console
A dedicated console is a video game console that is limited to one or more built-in video game or games, and is not equipped for additional games that are distributed via ROM cartridges, discs, downloads or other digital media. Dedicated consoles were popular in the first generation of video game consoles until they were gradually replaced by second-generation video game consoles that use ROM cartridges.
Iván Verebély
Iván Verebély (Iván Weinberg, 7 December 1937 in Budapest, Hungary – 23 September 2020 in Budapest, Hungary) was a Hungarian actor and comedian. He played in Miskolci Nemzeti Színház, Nemzeti Színház, and in Vidámszínpad.

He appeared in the 2008 film The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas and did voiceover work for Cat City 2. He gave the voice to Mayor Manx for the Hungarian dub of SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron.

National Theatre (Budapest)
The National Theatre, located in Budapest originally opened in 1837. Since then, it has occupied several locations, including the original building at Kerepesi Street, the People's Theatre at Blaha Lujza Square, as well as Hevesi Sándor Square, its longest temporary location. It currently occupies the National Theatre building, which opened March 15, 2002.
Kacharava
Kacharava (Georgian: კაჭარავა) is a Georgian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anatoli Kacharava (1910–1982), Georgian sea captain and World War II veteran

Davit Kacharava (born 1985), Georgian rugby union player

Kakhaber Kacharava (born 1966), Georgian football coach and player

Nika Kacharava (born 1994), Georgian footballer

Timur Kacharava (1985–2005), Russian rock musician

Vazha Kacharava (born 1937), Georgian volleyball player

Vazha Kacharava
Vazha K'ach'arava (Georgian: ვაჟა კაჭარავა, born January 2, 1937) is a Georgian former volleyball player who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1964 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Tbilisi.

In 1964 he was part of the Soviet team which won the gold medal in the Olympic tournament. He played seven matches.
Félix Romano
Félix Romano, also known as Felice (30 November 1894 – 30 November 1970) was a footballer who played international football for both France and Italy. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, he played as a midfielder for Étoile des Deux Lacs, Torino, Reggiana, Genoa and Racing Club de France.

AC Reggiana 1919
Associazione Calcio Reggiana, commonly referred to as Reggiana, is a professional football club based in Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The club was formed in 1919, reformed in 2005 (Serie C2) and 2018 (Serie D) after going bankrupt twice, and currently plays in the Serie B, the second tier of Italian football. Reggiana is known as i Granata (lit. 'the Maroons') in reference to the club's main colour: maroon.

The club was reformed twice after going bankrupt: in 2005 as Reggio Emilia Football Club, and in 2018 as Reggio Audace Football Club. On both occasions, the club regained the naming rights and the trophies of A.C. Reggiana via judicial auction. The club has participated in Serie A, the top tier of Italian football, seven times; their last appearance dates back to the 1996–97 season.
P-800 Oniks
The P-800 Oniks (Russian: П-800 Оникс; English: Onyx), marketed in export as the Yakhont (Russian: Яхонт; English: ruby), is a Soviet/Russian supersonic anti-ship cruise missile developed by NPO Mashinostroyeniya as a ramjet version of P-80 Zubr. Its GRAU designation is 3M55, the air launched Kh-61 variant was planned but never built. The missile has the NATO codename SS-N-26 "Strobile". Development commenced in 1983, and in the 1990s the anti-ship missile was tested on the Project 1234.7 ship. In 2002 the missile passed the whole range of trials and was commissioned. It is reportedly a replacement for the P-270 Moskit, and possibly also of the P-700 Granit.

Onyx
Onyx is a typically black-and-white banded variety of agate, a silicate mineral. The bands can also be monochromatic with alternating light and dark bands. Sardonyx is a variety with red to brown bands alternated with black or white bands. The name "onyx" is also frequently used for level-banded (parallel-banded) agates, but in proper usage it refers to color pattern not band structure. Onyx, as a descriptive term, has also been incorrectly applied to parallel-banded varieties of alabaster, marble, calcite, obsidian, and opal, and misleadingly to materials with contorted banding, such as "cave onyx" and "Mexican onyx".
The Royalist
The Royalist is a 1682 comedy play by the English writer Thomas D'Urfey. It was staged at the Dorset Garden Theatre by the Duke's Company, shortly before the merger that created the United Company. It is set during the Commonwealth Era following the English Civil War.

The original cast featured William Smith as Sir Charles Kinglove, Joseph Williams as Heartall, John Bowman as Broom, Anthony Leigh as  Sir Oliver Oldcut, Thomas Jevon as Sir Paul Eitherside, Thomas Percival as Captain Jonas, Cave Underhill as Copyhold, George Bright as Slouch and Mary Betterton as Camilla.

Thomas Jevon
Thomas Jevon (1652–1688) was an English playwright, and one of the first English Harlequins. He began his career as a dancing master, but worked his way onto the stage, and played leading low-comedy parts in London between 1673 and 1688. His brother-in-law was the English playwright and poet laureate Thomas Shadwell.

Jevon's only published play, the farce The Devil of a Wife, or, a Comical Transformation (with a plot borrowed from a Philip Sidney story, and possibly some assistance from Shadwell), was performed in 1686 at Dorset Garden, where Jevon usually acted. Jevon and George Powell played the two leading roles, and the piece achieved great success. Various versions with added music appeared later, and Charles Coffey used it as the basis of his opera The Devil to Pay in 1731.
Commersonia madagascariensis
Commersonia madagascariensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to Madagascar. It was first formally described in 1883 by John Gilbert Baker who gave it the name Rulingia madagascariensis in The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. In 2011, Carolyn Wilkins and Barbara Whitlock transferred the species to the genus Commersonia as C. madagascariensis in the journal Australian Systematic Botany.

Australian Systematic Botany
Australian Systematic Botany is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal published by CSIRO Publishing. It is devoted to publishing original research, and sometimes review articles, on topics related to systematic botany, such as biogeography, taxonomy and evolution. The journal is broad in scope, covering all plant, algal and fungal groups, including fossils.

First published in 1978 as Brunonia, the journal adopted its current name in 1988.

The current editor-in-chief is Daniel Murphy (Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne).