hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Normalat
Normalat (Persian: نرميلات, also Romanized as Normalāt) is a village in Alamut-e Pain Rural District, Rudbar-e Alamut District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 6 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
2022 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2022 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2022 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 184 tournaments with prize money ranging from $37,520 up to $159,360. It was the 45th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 14th under the name of Challenger Tour.

2022 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2022. It provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.
Manfred Weiss (composer)
Manfred Weiss (12 February 1935 – 25 April 2023) was a German composer especially of symphonies, concertos and vocal music, based in Dresden. He taught composition and music theory at the Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber from 1959, as professor from 1983 to 1997, influencing generations of composers, and instrumental in the restructuring of the music department after the German reunification.

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).
Figure skating at the 1960 Winter Olympics – Men's singles
The men's single skating competition of the 1960 Winter Olympics was held at the Blyth Arena in Squaw Valley, California, United States. The compulsory figures section took place on Wednesday 24 February 1960 with the free skating section concluding the event two days later. Each judge ranked each skater by Ordinal Placement from first to last place. If a skater was ranked first by a majority of the judges, that skater was placed first overall, this process was repeated for each place. If more than one skater had a majority ranking for the same position then a series of tiebreaks were in place, indicated in order in the result section.

David Jenkins won gold for the United States succeeding his older brother Hayes Alan Jenkins. Karol Divín of Czechoslovakia took silver after leading after the compulsory section.

Olympic Valley, California
Olympic Valley (historically and informally known as Squaw Valley) is an unincorporated community located in Placer County, California, United States. It lies northwest of Tahoe City along California State Highway 89 on the banks of the Truckee River near Lake Tahoe. It is home to Palisades Tahoe (formerly Squaw Valley Ski Resort), the site of the 1960 Winter Olympics. Olympic Valley is the smallest resort area to host the Olympic Winter Games.
Delta14-sterol reductase
In enzymology, Delta14-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.70) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are 14-demethyllanosterol and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Its products are 4,4-dimethyl-5α-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3β-ol, reduced NADPH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol:NADP+ Delta14-oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in biosynthesis of steroids.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
Ángel Barajas
Ángel Gabriel Barajas Vivas (born 12 August 2006) is a Colombian artistic gymnast. He is the first Colombian gymnast to win an Olympic medal, earning a silver medal on the horizontal bar at the 2024 Olympic Games. Barajas is also the 2022 South American Youth Games champion and the 2023 Junior World all-around silver medalist.

Gymnastics at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics competitions at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris were contested in three categories: artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and trampolining. The artistic (27 July to 5 August) and trampoline (2 August) events took place at the Accor Arena (referred to as the Bercy Arena due to IOC sponsorship rules), with the rhythmic events staged at Porte de La Chapelle Arena from 8 to 10 August.
Dan and Stacy Chariton
Dan and Stacy Chariton are screenwriters of the 2013 film The English Teacher, starring Julianne Moore, Nathan Lane, Greg Kinnear, Michael Angarano and Lily Collins, which premiered at the 2013 Tribeca Film Festival.  They met as undergraduates at the USC School of Cinema-Television, where they studied under professor John Furia, Jr.

Their first creative collaboration was a 14-issue run of "The Silver Surfer," published by Marvel Comics. Their storyline portrayed the Silver Surfer as a terrifying and inscrutable cosmic being, "kidnapping" gifted human children to protect them from an imminent global catastrophe.

The English Teacher is their first produced film.  They are married and live in Los Angeles.

Dan voice-acted in the 2025 film One Battle After Another as Comrade Josh, a rebel who speaks to the protagonist on the phone.

USC School of Cinematic Arts
The USC School of Cinematic Arts is an academic unit of the University of Southern California, in Los Angeles. With a history that dates to the first years of talkies, the school descends from America's first program to confer a college degree in film.  Under a name that directly preceded its present one, it became, in the 1980s, an academic unit of its own, within the university.  Colloquially "SCA" or "the USC film school," it now has several divisions or programs, which treat artistic or business aspects of the creation of motion pictures and related media.
Francis Magee
Francis Magee (born 7 June 1959) is an Irish actor. He portrayed Liam Tyler in British soap opera EastEnders from 1993 to 1995. He has also appeared in numerous television shows and feature films, including The Calling (2000), Layer Cake (2004), Sahara (2005), No Angels (2004-2006), City of Vice (2008), 1066 The Battle for Middle Earth (2009), "Men Against Fire", an episode of Black Mirror (2016), Into the Badlands and Absentia (both 2019), White Lines (2020), and Kin (2022–2023).

Layer Cake (film)
Layer Cake is a 2004 British crime drama thriller film directed by Matthew Vaughn, in his directorial debut. The screenplay was adapted by J. J. Connolly from his 2000 novel of the same name. The film was produced by Adam Bohling, David Reid and Vaughn, with Stephen Marks as executive producer. The title refers to the social strata, especially in the British criminal underworld. The film's plot revolves around a London-based criminal, played by Daniel Craig, who works in the cocaine trade and wishes to leave the drug business. The film also features Tom Hardy, Michael Gambon, Colm Meaney, and Sienna Miller. Craig's character is unnamed in the film and is listed in the credits as "XXXX".

Layer Cake grossed $11.9 million at the box office and received generally positive reviews from critics. Craig's performance in the film has often been cited as a major factor in his casting as James Bond in 2005.
Nanded Airport
Nanded Airport (IATA: NDC, ICAO: VAND), officially known as Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport, is a domestic airport serving the city of Nanded, in the state of Maharashtra, India. It was inaugurated on 4 October 2008 by the former Minister of Civil Aviation, Praful Patel, and the then Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Vilasrao Deshmukh, with Kingfisher Airlines flying a special commemorative flight to the airport using its ATR-72 turboprop aircraft. It is named after Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth and the last Sikh Guru.

Sikh gurus
The Sikh gurus (Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ ਗੁਰੂ; Hindi: सिख गुरु) are the spiritual masters of Sikhism, who established the religion over the course of about two and a half centuries, beginning in 1469. The year 1469 marks the birth of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. Nine other human gurus succeeded him until, in 1708, the Guruship was finally passed on by the tenth guru to the holy Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib, which is now considered the living Guru by the followers of the Sikh faith. The guruship was also passed onto the Guru Panth, consisting of the Khalsa; however, this form of guruship went into decline following to rise of Ranjit Singh.
KAB-500L
The KAB-500L is a laser-guided bomb developed by the Soviet Air Force, entering service in 1975. It remains in service with the CIS and post-Soviet Russian Aerospace Forces.

The KAB-500L is 3.05 m (10.0 ft) long and weighs 525 kg (1,157 lb). Its warhead makes up 450 kg (990 lb) of the total weight, of which roughly 50% is blast-effect high explosive. Russian sources credit it with a CEP of 7 metres (23 feet). The technology of the KAB-500L is also used for larger bombs, such as the KAB-1500L family.

It is also deployed by the Indian Air Force. The primary launch platform is Su-30MKI. This bomb is also used by Royal Malaysian Air Force on its Sukhoi Su-30MKM.

Royal Malaysian Air Force
The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF, Malay: Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia; TUDM; Jawi: تنترا اودارا دراج مليسيا) was formed on 2 June 1958 as the Royal Federation of Malaya Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Persekutuan Tanah Melayu; تنترا اودارا دراج ڤرسكوتون تانه ملايو). However, its roots can be traced back to the Malayan Auxiliary Air Force formations of the British Royal Air Force in then-colonial British Malaya. The Royal Malaysian Air Force operates a mix of modern American, European and Russian-made aircraft.
Philosophy of computer science
The philosophy of computer science is concerned with the philosophical questions that arise within the study of computer science. There is still no common understanding of the content, aims, focus, or topics of the philosophy of computer science, despite some attempts to develop a philosophy of computer science like the philosophy of physics or the philosophy of mathematics. Due to the abstract nature of computer programs and the technological ambitions of computer science, many of the conceptual questions of the philosophy of computer science are also comparable to the philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, and the philosophy of technology.

Scott Aaronson
Scott Joel Aaronson (born May 21, 1981) is an American theoretical computer scientist and   Schlumberger Centennial Chair of Computer Science at the University of Texas at Austin. His primary areas of research are computational complexity theory and quantum computing.
Schiff test
The structure of the fuchsin dye.

The Schiff test is an early organic chemistry named reaction developed by Hugo Schiff, and is a relatively general chemical test for detection of many organic aldehydes that has also found use in the staining of biological tissues. The Schiff reagent is the reaction product of a dye formulation such as fuchsin and sodium bisulfite; pararosaniline (which lacks an aromatic methyl group) and new fuchsin (which is uniformly mono-methylated ortho to the dye's amine functionalities) are not dye alternatives with comparable detection chemistry.

In its use as a qualitative test for aldehydes, the unknown sample is added to the decolorized Schiff reagent; when aldehyde is present a characteristic magenta color develops. Schiff-type reagents are used for various biological tissue staining methods, e.g. Feulgen stain and periodic acid-Schiff stain. Human skin also contains aldehyde functional groups in the termini of saccharides and so is stained as well.

Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ˈældɪhaɪd/) (lat. alcohol dehydrogenatum, dehydrogenated alcohol) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are a common motif in many chemicals important in technology and biology.
Great Requin River
The Great Requin River is a river of Grenada. It is located in the parish of Saint David, in the southern part of the country, 11 km east of the capital Saint George's. The Great Requin River is located on the island of Grenada .

Saint David
David (Welsh: Dewi Sant; Latin: Davidus; c. 500 – c. 589) was a Welsh Christian prelate who served as Bishop of Mynyw during the 6th century. He is the patron saint of Wales.

David was a native of Wales, and tradition has preserved a large amount of detail about his life. His birth date, however, is uncertain: suggestions range from 462 to 512. He is traditionally believed to be the son of Non and the grandson of Ceredig ap Cunedda, king of Ceredigion. The Welsh annals placed his death 569 years after the birth of Christ, but Phillimore's dating revised this to 601.
Cinchonain-Ib
Cinchonain-Ib is a flavonolignan found in the bark of Trichilia catigua used as catuaba. A 2009 study revealed that Cinchonian-Ib derived from boiled Eriobotrya japonica leaves has a glucose-lowering effect in rats, and could possibly be used to manage diabetes mellitus in humans.

Loquat
The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica, Chinese: 枇杷; Pinyin: pípá) is a large evergreen shrub or tree grown commercially for its orange coloured fruits. It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant.

The loquat is a fruit tree in the family Rosaceae, subfamily Amygdaloideae, tribe Maleae. It is native to the cooler hill regions of south-central China. It has been introduced to regions with subtropical to mild temperate climates throughout the world.

Eriobotrya japonica formerly was thought to be closely related to the genus Mespilus and is still sometimes mistakenly known as the Japanese medlar, which is the name it takes in other European languages, such as níspero japonés in Spanish or nespolo giapponese in Italian. It is also known as Japanese plum and Chinese plum.
Kelli D. Potter
Kelli D. Potter is an American philosopher and associate professor of philosophy at Utah Valley University. Her areas of expertise include: philosophy of religion, Mormon studies, philosophy of gender, and philosophy of logic. Potter was a founding board member of the Society for Mormon Philosophy and Theology and founding editor of Element: The Journal for the Society for Mormon Philosophy and Theology, serving from 2000 to 2002. Potter also served on the editorial board of Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought from 1999 to 2003.

As a trans woman, Potter has addressed injustices and theology related to the transgender community and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in her writing.

Potter also works on the nature of religious disagreement within religious traditions, i.e., heterodoxy. She argues that the existence of heterodoxy in all major religious traditions implies that religious belief per se does not have definite cognitive content.

Heterodoxy
In religion, heterodoxy (from Ancient Greek: héteros, 'other, another, different' + dóxa, 'popular belief') means "any opinions or doctrines at variance with an official or orthodox position".

Heterodoxy is also an ecclesiastical jargon term, defined in various ways by different religions and churches. For example, in some groups, heterodoxy may describe beliefs that differ from strictly orthodox views but that fall short either of formal or of material heresy.
Nicolas Walsh (physician)
Nicolas E. Walsh is an American physiatrist.  Walsh is a professor and chairman of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.

He was appointed chairman of the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in 1998.

He graduated from the Air Force Academy in 1969 and later joined the Navy SEALs. He did two tours in Vietnam and received two Silver Stars and a Purple Heart for his service. He received his master's degree in biology from Marquette University and received his medical degree from the University of Colorado.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as  physiatry, and outside the United States as physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM), is a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to people with physical impairments or disabilities. Officially established in the United States in the mid-1900s, PM&R has played a major role in patient recovery following several major epidemics and both world wars. Common medical conditions treated by PM&R physicians include spinal cord injury, brain injury, musculoskeletal injury, stroke, pain, and spasticity from muscle, ligament, or nerve damage. PM&R physicians lead rehabilitation teams in inpatient and outpatient settings and are trained in medication management, electrodiagnosis, and targeted injections.  A physician having completed training in this field may be referred to as a physiatrist.
Vicky Galindo
Victoria Noel Galindo-Piatt (born December 22, 1983), commonly known as Vicky Galindo, is an American, former collegiate All-American, medal-winning Olympian, three-time professional All-Star, softball player and current head coach at West Valley College. An infielder at second and third, Galindo played college softball at West Valley and later for California in the Pac-12 Conference, helping them to back-to-back national runner-up finishes at the 2003 and 2004 Women's College World Series. She was drafted to the Chicago Bandits of National Pro Fastpitch (NPF) winning two championships. She also played for the United States women's national softball team, winning a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

National Pro Fastpitch
National Pro Fastpitch (NPF), formerly the Women's Pro Softball League (WPSL), was a professional women's softball league in the United States. The teams battled for the Cowles Cup.

The WPSL was founded in 1997 and folded in 2001; the NPF revived the league in 2004 and disbanded in 2021 after two cancelled seasons due to COVID-19.  A new softball league, the Women's Professional Fastpitch (WPF), launched in 2022.
Moody's Analytics
Moody's, previously known as Moody's Analytics, is a subsidiary of Moody's Corporation established in 2007 to focus on non-rating activities, separate from Moody's Investors Service. It provides economic research regarding risk, performance and financial modeling, as well as consulting, training and software services. Moody's is composed of divisions such as Moody's KMV, Moody's Economy.com, Moody's Wall Street Analytics, the Institute of Risk Standards and Qualifications, and Canadian Securities Institute Global Education Inc.

Financial modeling
Financial modeling
 is the task of building an abstract representation (a model) of a real world financial situation. This is a mathematical model designed to represent (a simplified version of) the performance of a financial asset or portfolio of a business, project, or any other investment.

Typically, then, financial modeling is understood to mean an exercise in either asset pricing or corporate finance, of a quantitative nature. It is about translating a set of hypotheses about the behavior of markets or agents into numerical predictions.  At the same time, "financial modeling" is a general term that means different things to different users; the reference usually relates either to accounting and corporate finance applications or to quantitative finance applications.
Paddington Green Police Station
51°31′13.5″N 0°10′17.25″W﻿ / ﻿51.520417°N 0.1714583°W﻿ / 51.520417; -0.1714583

Paddington Green Police Station was a Metropolitan Police Service station located in Paddington, Central London, England, active from 1971 to 2018.

Central London
Central London is the innermost part of London, in England, spanning the City of London and several boroughs. Over time, a number of definitions have been used to define the scope of Central London for statistics, urban planning and local government. Its characteristics are understood to include a high-density built environment, high land values, an elevated daytime population and a concentration of regionally, nationally and internationally significant organisations and facilities.

Road distances to London are traditionally measured from a central point at Charing Cross (in the City of Westminster), which is marked by the statue of King Charles I at the junction of the Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street, just south of Trafalgar Square.
NZGSS Hinemoa
NZGSS Hinemoa was a 542-ton New Zealand Government Service Steamer designed specifically for lighthouse support and servicing, and also for patrolling New Zealand's coastline and carrying out castaway checks and searching for missing ships. It operated in New Zealand's territorial waters from 1876 to 1944.

It was instrumental in supplying many of the government castaway depots on the remote subantarctic islands, and rescuing a number of shipwreck victims, including those from the wreck of the Dundonald, the Anjou and the Spirit of the Dawn.

Territorial waters
Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf (these components are sometimes collectively called the maritime zones). In a narrower sense, the term is often used as a synonym for the territorial sea.

Vessels have different rights and duties when passing through each area defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), one of the most ratified treaties. States cannot exercise their jurisdiction in waters beyond the exclusive economic zone, which are known as the high seas.