hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mullah Shirin Akhund
Mullah Muhammad Shirin Akhund is an Afghan Taliban politician who served as the governor of Kabul from 24 August 2021 to 7 November 2021. He was also a member of the negotiation team in Qatar office. He was in charge of Mullah Omar's security during the 1996–2001 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, and one of Mullah Omar's close associates. He also served as commander of military intelligence. On 4 May 2023, the Taliban's supreme leader, Hibatullah Akhundzada, appointed Mullah Shirin Akhund as the governor of Kandahar province.

Kandahar Province
Kandahar is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southern part of the country, sharing a border with Balochistan, Pakistan, to the south. It is surrounded by Helmand in the west, Uruzgan in the north and Zabul Province in the east. Its capital is the city of Kandahar, Afghanistan's second largest city, located on the Arghandab River. The greater region surrounding the province is called Loy Kandahar. The Emir of Afghanistan sends orders to Kabul from Kandahar making it the de facto capital of Afghanistan, although the main government body operates in Kabul. All meetings with the Emir take place in Kandahar, meetings excluding the Emir are in Kabul.

The province contains about 18 districts, over 1,000 villages, and approximately 1,431,876 people (the 6th most populous province), which is mostly tribal and a rural society. The main inhabitants of Kandahar province are the ethnic Baloch people followed by Tajiks, Pashtuns, Uzbeks, Turkmens and Hazaras.
Merty Merty
Merty Merty (also known as Merty Merty Station) is both a pastoral lease that once operated as a cattle station  in north east South Australia and a locality. In April 2013, the land occupying the appropriate extent of the pastoral lease was gazetted by the Government of South Australia as a locality under the name Merty Merty.

It is situated about 190 kilometres (118 mi) north west of Tibooburra and 285 kilometres (177 mi) north of Leigh Creek in the outback of South Australia.

The homestead is found along Strzelecki Creek and the Strzelecki Track passes through the property.

Cattle station
In Australia and New Zealand, a cattle station is a large farm (station is equivalent to the American ranch), the main activity of which is the rearing of cattle. The owner of a cattle station is called a grazier. The largest cattle station in the world is Anna Creek Station in South Australia, which covers an area of 23,677 square kilometres (9,142 sq mi; 5,851,000 acres).
Grave desecration
The desecration of graves involves intentional acts of vandalism, theft, or destruction in places where humans are interred, such as body snatching or grave robbing. It has long been considered taboo to desecrate or otherwise violate graves or grave markers of the deceased, and in modern times it has been prohibited by law. Desecration is defined as violating something that is sacred.

Theft
Theft (from Old English  þeofð, cognate to thief) is the act of taking another person's property or services without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it. The word theft is also used as a synonym or informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as larceny, robbery, embezzlement, extortion, blackmail, or receiving stolen property. In some jurisdictions, theft is considered to be synonymous with larceny, while in others, theft is defined more narrowly. A person who engages in theft is known as a thief (pl. thieves).

Theft is the name of a statutory offence in California, Canada, England and Wales, Hong Kong, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and the Australian states of South Australia and Victoria.
Heartache on the Dance Floor
"Heartache on the Dance Floor" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Jon Pardi. It was released to radio on May 1, 2017, as the third single from his second studio album California Sunrise (2016). The song was written by Pardi, Bart Butler and Brice Long. "Heartache on the Dance Floor" peaked at numbers three and five on both the Billboard Country Airplay and Hot Country Songs charts respectively. It also reached number 47 on the Hot 100 chart. It was certified 4× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting sales of over three million units in the country. The song garnered similar success in Canada, giving Pardi his second number-one hit on the Country chart and peaking at number 86 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart. The accompanying music video for the single, directed by Carlos Ruiz, features Pardi having a dream of spending a romantic date with a woman at night.

Country Airplay
Country Airplay is a chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States since October 20, 2012, although the magazine also retrospectively recognizes the Hot Country Songs charts from January 20, 1990, through October 13, 2012, as part of the history of the Country Airplay listing.  The chart lists the 60 most-listened-to records played on 150 mainstream country radio stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS, weighted to each station's Nielsen ratings.

The first number-one song actually published under the Country Airplay banner was "Take a Little Ride" by Jason Aldean; but as Billboard also recognizes the history of the Hot Country Songs chart since 1990 as part of this chart, the magazine recognizes the first chart-topper as "Nobody's Home" by Clint Black.
Parryella
Parryella filifolia, the common dunebroom, is a species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It is the only member of the genus Parryella.
It is native to Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico.

Its ashes were sometimes used by members of the Hopi tribe in the maize nixtamalization process  and helped to retain the blue color of cornmeal used to make piki bread. The beans were also used as a remedy for toothaches.

The genus name of Parryella is in honour of Charles Christopher Parry (1823–1890), who was a British-American botanist and mountaineer.

The genus and the species were circumscribed by John Torrey and Asa Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts vol.7 on page 397 in 1868.

Faboideae
The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.

Members include the pea, the sweet pea, the laburnum, and other legumes. The pea-shaped flowers are characteristic of the Faboideae subfamily and root nodulation is very common. The papilionaceous species vary enormously in size from the tiny Lupinus uncialis only 2 cm in height to Pterocarpus mildbraedii subsp. usumbarensis at up to 75 m (246 ft) height.
Austrian Cultural Forum New York
The Austrian Cultural Forum New York (ACFNY) is one of Austria's two cultural representation offices in the United States; the other is in Washington, D.C. It is part of the worldwide network of Austrian Cultural Forums overseen by the Austrian Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Austria)
The  Ministry for European and International Affairs  (German: Bundesministerium für europäische und internationale Angelegenheiten, abbreviated BMEIA, colloquially Außenministerium) is the government ministry of Austria responsible for diplomatic missions and immigration, the administration of foreign policy, and the maintenance of the country's relations with international organisations, especially the European Union. It oversees the Austrian embassies, consular representatives and other emissaries, and administers the naturalisation process and handles citizenship questions along with the Interior Ministry.
Daniel Candeias
Daniel João Santos Candeias (born 25 February 1988) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga 3 club Académica de Coimbra.

He was on the books of both Porto and Benfica, where he was mostly loaned out, and amassed most of his 134 Primeira Liga appearances and 15 goals while at Nacional. He also played over 100 games in the Turkish Süper Lig with Alanyaspor and Gençlerbirliği, and had spells in Spain, Germany, France and Scotland.

Liga 3 (Portugal)
The Liga 3, also known as Liga 3 Placard for sponsorship reasons, is the third-level football league in the Portuguese football league system, starting in 2021–22. It is a semiprofessional national league organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF).

The creation of this league is part of a restructuring of the Portuguese third tier, with Campeonato de Portugal, which saw the number of teams reduced, being relegated to fourth tier and the top teams competing there advancing to this new competition. In its first season, a total of 24 teams competed in the Liga 3, 2 of which were relegated from 2020–21 Liga Portugal 2 and 22 others which were promoted from 2020–21 Campeonato de Portugal. This number is set to be reduced to 20 teams from the 2023–24 season.
1943–44 Ranji Trophy
The 1943–44 Ranji Trophy was the tenth season of the Ranji Trophy. Western India won their only title defeating Bengal in the final.

This season could be considered as the arbitrary starting point of high scoring in Indian domestic cricket that would last till the end of the decade. In the final of the Bombay Pentangular in early December 1943, Vijay Merchant and Vijay Hazare scored 250* and 309. It was the prelude to Merchant setting a new Ranji and Indian first class record of 359* for Bombay against Maharashtra between 31 December 1943, and 2 January 1944, at the Brabourne Stadium in Bombay.

Vijay Hazare
Vijay Samuel Hazare (pronunciationⓘ 11 March 1915 – 18 December 2004) was an Indian cricketer. He captained India in 14 matches between 1951 and 1953. In India's 25th Test match, nearly 20 years after India achieved Test status, he led India to its first Test cricket win (and the only victory under his captaincy) in 1951–52 against England at Madras, winning by an innings and eight runs in a match that began on the day that King George VI died. He received the C. K. Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996, the highest honour bestowed by BCCI on a former player.
Jing-A Brewing Co.
Jing-A Brewing Co. (simplified Chinese: 京A精酿啤酒; traditional Chinese: 京A精釀啤酒; pinyin: Jīng A jīng niáng píjiǔ)  is a microbrewery founded in 2012 in Beijing. The brewery is known for its use of Chinese ingredients such as red rice koji, ginger, and Sichuan peppercorn, and its interpretations of traditional beer styles such as IPA, witbier, and stout. Since 2014, the company has operated a taproom in Sanlitun, a popular nightlife area for both foreigners and locals.

Craft beer
Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques.

The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises.
Brian Glasgow
Brian Gene Glasgow (born June 6, 1961) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Northern Illinois Huskies.

Northern Illinois Huskies football
The Northern Illinois Huskies football team are a college football program representing Northern Illinois University (NIU) in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of college football. NIU football plays its home games at Huskie Stadium on the campus of the Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois.

The Huskies completed the most recent of their two stints in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) in the 2025 season, having first played in the conference from 1975–85 before returning in 1997. They won six MAC championships – in 1983, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2018, and 2021. NIU has played in 12 postseason bowl games since 2004, most notably the 2013 Orange Bowl.

The Huskies have agreed to move to the Mountain West Conference as a football-only member in 2026.
Alone Together (Benny Carter album)
Alone Together is an album by American jazz saxophonist Benny Carter and his orchestra with the Oscar Peterson Quartet. The album was recorded in 1952 and released by Norgran Records. It includes tracks that were released on the 10 inch LP The Formidable Benny Carter and recordings from the same sessions.

Norgran Records
Norgran Records was an American jazz record label in Los Angeles founded by Norman Granz in 1953. It became part of Verve Records, which Granz created in 1956. It is the first letters of Granz's full name.
First Western Army
The First Western Army was a field army created in 1810 as part of the reorganisation of the Imperial Russian Army, and was intended as a defense against the north-western part of the Empire from the expected invasion by Napoleon. The total troops in this Army (159,800 men) included 150 battalions, 128 squadrons, 19 Cossack regiments, and 590 guns.

Field army
A field army (also known as numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps. It may be subordinate to an army group. Air armies are the equivalent formations in air forces, and fleets in navies. A field army is composed of 80,000 to 300,000 soldiers.
Idempotent relation
In mathematics, an idempotent binary relation is a binary relation R on a set X (a subset of  Cartesian product X × X) for which the composition of relations R ∘ R is the same as R. This notion generalizes that of an idempotent function to relations.

Cartesian product
In mathematics, specifically set theory, the Cartesian product of two sets A and B, denoted A × B, is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a is an element of A and b is an element of B. In terms of set-builder notation, that is

A table can be created by taking the Cartesian product of a set of rows and a set of columns. If the Cartesian product rows × columns is taken, the cells of the table contain ordered pairs of the form (row value, column value).

One can similarly define the Cartesian product of n sets, also known as an n-fold Cartesian product, which can be represented by an n-dimensional array, where each element is an n-tuple. An ordered pair is a 2-tuple or couple. More generally still, one can define the Cartesian product of an indexed family of sets.

The Cartesian product is named after René Descartes, whose formulation of analytic geometry gave rise to the concept, which is further generalized in terms of direct product.
Kham Ta Kla district
Kham Ta Kla (Thai: คำตากล้า, pronounced [kʰām tāː klâː]; Northeastern Thai: คำตากล้า, pronounced [kʰâm tàː kâː]) is a district (amphoe) in the northern part of Sakon Nakhon province, northeast Thailand.

Sakon Nakhon province
Sakon Nakhon (Thai: สกลนคร, pronounced [sā.kōn ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn]; Northeastern Thai: สกลนคร, pronounced [sā.kōn nà(ʔ).kʰɔ̂ːn]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat). It lies in upper Northeastern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Nong Khai, Bueng Kan, Nakhon Phanom, Mukdahan, Kalasin, and Udon Thani. Its capital is Sakon Nakhon.
Nshan Topouzian
Nshan Ara Garabed Topouzian  (Western Armenian Նշան Թօփուզեան, Persian نشان توپوزیان) or Nshan Ara Karapet Topuzian (traditional Eastern Armenian Նշան Թոփուզեան, in reformed orthography Նշան Թոփուզյան (April 2, 1966, Shtaura, Beqaa Valley, Lebanon - April 27, 2010, Yerevan, Armenia) was an Armenian Apostolic clergyman. From August 2002 to April 2010 he was Prelate of the Armenian Diocese of Atrpatakan in Tabriz (Iran), under the jurisdiction of the Holy See of Cilicia.

Chtaura
Chtaura (Arabic: شتورا) is a town in Lebanon in the fertile Beqaa valley located between the Mount Lebanon and Syria. It is located halfway on the Beirut–Damascus highway. It is located 44 kilometres (27 mi) from Beirut.

Chtaura is the valley's hub for banking, transportation, and commerce, with many hotels and restaurants on the main road. From Chtaura, travelers can depart for Zahlé, Baalbek, or Damascus.
Lyuksemburg, Kyrgyzstan
Lyuksemburg (Kyrgyz: Люксембург) is a village in Chüy Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Ysyk-Ata District. Its population was 5,528 in 2021. It lies adjacent to the west of the city Kant, and 17 km east of Bishkek.

Chüy Region
Chüy is the northernmost region of Kyrgyzstan, surrounding the national capital Bishkek. It is bounded on the north by Kazakhstan, and clockwise, Issyk-Kul Region, Naryn Region, Jalal-Abad Region, and Talas Region. Its administrative center is Bishkek. Its total area is 19,895 km2 (7,682 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 974,984 as of January 2021. The region has sizeable Russian (20.8% in 2009) and Dungan (6.2% in 2009) minorities. It takes its name from the river Chüy that flows through the region.
National minorities in Sweden
Officially recognized national minorities in Sweden are Jews, Roma, Sámi, Swedish Finns and Tornedalians. The recognition is made in accordance with Sweden's commitments under the Council of Europe's Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The Riksdag has also recognized Yiddish, Romani Chib, Sámi, Finnish and Meänkieli national minority languages in Sweden. The Sámi are also recognized as an indigenous people. It is the position of the Swedish government that the national minorities and minority languages have existed in the country for a long time, and the language and culture of the minorities are part of a common Swedish cultural heritage. Sweden has, however, not become a signatory to the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989.

Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
The Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 is an International Labour Organization Convention, also known as ILO Convention 169, or C169. It is the major binding international convention concerning Indigenous peoples and tribal peoples, and a forerunner of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

It was established in 1989, with the preamble stating:
Huntingdon (Province of Canada electoral district)
Huntingdon was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada East, south of Montreal.  It was created in 1841 and was based on the previous electoral districts of L'Acadie and Laprairie in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. It was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly.

The electoral district was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Quebec.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
Interpines sanitarium
Interpines was a private hospital located in Goshen, New York, a village of three thousand inhabitants (in 1940). Interpines was founded in 1890 by F. W. Seward Sr. and subsequently directed by his son until closing in 1959. The core of the sanitarium was a Victorian mansion, which together with surrounding gardens provided a unique environment for the residing patients.

Sanatorium
A sanatorium (from Latin sānāre 'to heal'), also sanitarium or sanitorium, is a historic name for a specialised hospital for the treatment of specific diseases, related ailments, and convalescence.

Sanatoria were often in a healthy climate, usually in the countryside. The idea of healing was an important reason for the historical wave of establishments of sanatoria, especially at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The most common issue treated at sanatoria was tuberculosis (before the discovery of antibiotics). Some sanatoria also treated alcoholism as well as hysteria, masturbation, fatigue and emotional exhaustion. Facility operators were often charitable associations, such as the Order of St. John and the newly founded social welfare insurance companies.

Sanatoria should not be confused with the Russian sanatoria from the time of the Soviet Union, which were a type of sanatorium resort residence for workers.
Borth
Borth (Welsh: Y Borth) is a village, seaside resort and community in Ceredigion, Mid Wales; it is located 7 miles (11 km) north of Aberystwyth, on the Ceredigion Coast Path. The community includes the settlement of Ynyslas and the population was 1,399 in 2011. Borth's sandy beach has helped to promote it as a seaside resort.

From being largely Welsh-speaking, the village has become anglicised; over 54 per cent of its residents were born in England. According to both the 1991 and 2001 censuses, 43 per cent of the residents of Borth were primarily Welsh-speakers.

Mid Wales
Mid Wales (Welsh: Canolbarth Cymru or simply Y Canolbarth, meaning "the midlands"), or Central Wales, is a region of Wales, encompassing its midlands, in-between North Wales and South Wales. The Mid Wales Regional Committee of the Senedd covered the unitary authority areas of Ceredigion and Powys and the area of Gwynedd that had previously been the district of Meirionnydd. A similar definition is used by the BBC. The Wales Spatial Plan defines a region known as "Central Wales" which covers Ceredigion and Powys.

Mid Wales is dominated by the Cambrian Mountains, including the Green Desert of Wales. The region is sparsely populated, with an economy dependent on farming and small businesses.
Oeceoclades rauhii
Oeceoclades rauhii is a terrestrial orchid species in the genus Oeceoclades that is endemic to northern Madagascar. It was first described by the German botanist Karlheinz Senghas in 1973 as Eulophidium rauhii and then transferred to the genus Oeceoclades in 1976 by Leslie Andrew Garay and Peter Taylor. It was named in honor of Werner Rauh who, along with Karlheinz, collected the type specimen from just south of Anivorano Nord. Garay and Taylor noted that O. rauhii is closely related to O. boinensis, but it has a labellum with four lobes of equal size and linear-lanceolate sepals and petals.

Leslie Andrew Garay
Leslie Andrew Garay (August 6, 1924 – August 19, 2016), born Garay László András, was an American botanist. He was the curator of the Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium at Harvard University, where he succeeded Charles Schweinfurth in 1958.  In 1957 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.