hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2015 Corrientes Challenger
The 2015 Corrientes Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Corrientes, Argentina between 12 and 18 October 2015.

Máximo González
Máximo González Mereira (Latin American Spanish: [ˈmaɣsimo ɣonˈsales meˈɾejɾa]; born July 20, 1983) is an Argentine professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking is World No. 58, achieved in July 2009 and his career-high doubles ranking is World No. 10 achieved on 11 September 2023.
Timothy Gowers
Sir William Timothy Gowers, FRS (/ˈɡaʊ.ərz/; born 20 November 1963) is a British mathematician. He is the holder of the Combinatorics chair at the Collège de France, a Research Professor at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1998, he received the Fields Medal for research connecting the fields of functional analysis and combinatorics.

International Mathematical Olympiad
The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is a mathematical olympiad for pre-university students, and is the oldest of the International Science Olympiads. It is widely regarded as the most prestigious mathematical competition in the world. The first IMO was held in Romania in 1959. It has since been held annually, except in 1980. More than 100 countries participate. Each country sends a team of up to six students, plus one team leader, one deputy leader, and observers.

The contest takes place over two days, and consists of six problems (three given on each day). The problems are extremely difficult, and may include topics not conventionally covered in school, but they avoid the use of calculus. Awards are given to approximately the top-scoring 50% of the individual contestants. Teams are not officially recognized—all scores are given only to individual contestants, but team scoring is unofficially compared more than individual scores.
Jan van Hest
Jan Cornelis Maria van Hest (born 28 September 1968) is a Dutch scientist of organic chemistry, best known for his research regarding polymersomes and nanoreactors. He currently holds the position of professor of bioorganic chemistry at Eindhoven University of Technology and is scientific director at the Institute of Complex Molecular Systems. 
Among the awards he has received, he was one of the recipients of the 2020 Spinoza Prize.

Nanoreactor
Nanoreactors are a form of chemical reactor that are particularly in the disciplines of nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. These special reactors are crucial in maintaining a working nanofoundry; which is essentially a foundry that manufactures products on a nanotechnological scale.
Rhode Island Storm
The Rhode Island Storm were a professional ice hockey team in the North East Professional Hockey League that played in the 2009–10 season. They played their home games at the Bradford R. Boss Ice Arena on the Kingston campus of the University of Rhode Island.

Kingston, Rhode Island
Kingston is a village and a census-designated place within the town of South Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States, and the site of the main campus of the University of Rhode Island. The population was 7,825 at the 2020 census. Much of the village center is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Kingston Village Historic District. It was originally known as Little Rest.
Charles Mistretta
Charles A. Mistretta is an American medical physicist.

Mistretta earned a doctoral degree in high energy physics from Harvard University in 1968. He joined the faculty of the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1971, began researching medical imaging, and later held the J. R. Cameron Professorship of Medical Physics and Radiology.

Mistretta shared the 1998 J. Allyn Taylor International Prize in Medicine with Graeme Bydder. In 2004, Mistretta was elected a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. Mistretta became a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering in 2014. In 2017, the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements awarded Mistretta the Gray Medal.

American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
The American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) is a non-profit organization founded in 1991, and headquartered in Washington, D.C. It represents 50,000 medical and biomedical engineers, and academic institutions, private industry, and professional engineering societies.
Asessippi Provincial Park
Asessippi Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Rural Municipality of Riding Mountain West, Manitoba, Canada.

It is located near Inglis, Manitoba, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Dauphin, and is 23.2 km2 (9.0 sq mi) in size. A campground on the south shore of the Shellmouth Reservoir has serviced and un-serviced sites as well as a group-use area. Asessippi Ski Resort is also in the area.

The park is considered to be a Class III protected area under the IUCN protected area management categories, and was designated a provincial park by the Government of Manitoba on 9 April 1964.

Dauphin, Manitoba
Dauphin (/ˈdɔːfɪn/) is a city in Manitoba, Canada, with a population of 8,368 as of the 2021 Canadian Census. The community is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Dauphin. The city takes its name from Lake Dauphin and Fort Dauphin (first built 1741), which were named by explorer Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye in honour of the Dauphin of France, the heir to the French throne. Dauphin is Manitoba's ninth largest community and serves as a hub to the province's Parkland Region.

Dauphin hosts several summer festivals, including Dauphin's Countryfest and Canada's National Ukrainian Festival.

Dauphin is served by Provincial Trunk Highways 5, 10 and 20.
Batbaby
"Batbaby" is the sixth single by comedy band the Superions, a side project of Fred Schneider of the B-52s. The single was released on September 13, 2011, as a digital download on the Batbaby EP.

The Batbaby EP also features remixes by DJ Beekeeni, DJ Butterface, Phylr and Umpff. In an interview with Atlanta magazine, Schneider attempted to explain his lyrical inspiration: "Oh, I don't know. Some songwriters come up with incredibly smart commercial things and I come up with 'Batbaby'."

Atlanta (magazine)
Atlanta is a monthly general-interest magazine based in Atlanta, Georgia, and owned by Hour Media Group, LLC. Its staff has featured notable writers such as Hollis Gillespie, Anne Rivers Siddons, and William Diehl, and it has included contributions from Pat Conroy, Rebecca Burns, Terry Kay, and Melissa Fay Greene. It is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA). Atlanta also publishes the travel magazine Southbound.
Mazÿck P. Ravenel
Mazÿck Porcher Ravenel (1862–1946), was an American professor of preventive medicine at the University of Missouri, reaching the peak of his career by 1921. He was president of the American Public Health Association. In 1901, he was a member of the American Philosophical Society. He was the recipient of an honorary membership in Delta Omega, an international public health honor society.

Delta Omega
Delta Omega Society (ΔΩ) is an international honorary society for studies in public health. It was founded in 1924 at the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. The society has chartered 133 chapters.
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
The CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory is a prominent John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory. According to ABC News, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is represented in nearly every theory that involves American conspirators. The secretive nature of the CIA, and the conjecture surrounding the high-profile political assassinations in the United States during the 1960s, has made the CIA a plausible suspect for some who believe in a conspiracy. Conspiracy theorists have ascribed various motives for CIA involvement in the assassination of President Kennedy, including Kennedy's firing of CIA director Allen Dulles, Kennedy's refusal to provide air support to the Bay of Pigs invasion, Kennedy's plan to cut the agency's budget by 20 percent, and the belief that the president was weak on communism. In 1979, the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) concluded that the CIA was not involved in the assassination of Kennedy.

Antonio Veciana
Antonio Veciana Blanch (October 18, 1928 – June 18, 2020) was a Cuban exile who became the founder and a leader of the anti-Castro group Alpha 66.

In the mid-1970s, Veciana told the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) that a representative for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) he knew as Maurice Bishop directed him to organize Alpha 66 and helped plan many of the group's operations, including two assassination attempts on Fidel Castro. He also claimed that he met a man he later recognized to be Lee Harvey Oswald during a meeting with Bishop about two to three months prior to the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy. The HSCA found that Veciana was involved or likely involved in the two assassination plots on Castro, but reported that it could not successfully "substantiate the existence of Bishop and his alleged relationship with Oswald".
Ricinocarpos undulatus
Ricinocarpos undulatus, commonly known as wedding bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, monoecious or dioecious shrub with linear leaves, and white flowers in a umbel with either a single male or female flower, 2 to 5 male flowers, or a single female flower surrounded by up to 3 male flowers.

Monoecy
Monoecy (from Ancient Greek  μονοικία (monoikía) 'one household'; adj. monoecious), is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system comparable with gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy, and contrasted with dioecy where individual plants produce cones or flowers of only one sex, and with bisexual or hermaphroditic plants in which male and female gametes are produced in the same flower.

Monoecy often co-occurs with anemophily, because it prevents self-pollination of individual flowers and reduces the probability of self-pollination between male and female flowers on the same plant.: 32

Monoecy in angiosperms has been of interest for evolutionary biologists since Charles Darwin.
CentreBC
CentreBC is a provincial political party in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The party is led by Karin Kirkpatrick, who was the BC United MLA for West Vancouver-Capilano from 2020 to 2024. The party split from BC United (formerly known as the BC Liberals) in 2025 due to BC United leader Kevin Falcon's refusal to resign as leader following his controversial decision to suspend BC United's 2024 election campaign. The party wants to run a full slate of 93 candidates in the next British Columbia general election.

44th British Columbia general election
The 44th British Columbia general election will elect members of the Legislative Assembly to serve in the 44th Parliament of the Canadian province of British Columbia. The Constitution Act requires that the election be held no later than October 21, 2028, but it may be called earlier.
Jordan Pollack
Jordan B. Pollack is a professor of computer science at Brandeis University, and director of the Dynamical and Evolutionary Machine Organization lab. Pollack's work with David Waltz was highly acclaimed by Marvin Minsky. His contributions to theoretical computer science include the demonstration of a neural network implementation of a Turing machine, the Neuring machine, in 1987. Pollack and Hod Lipson pioneered the automated design and manufacturing of robots. In January 2001 he was named one of MIT Technology Review's "TR 10".

David Waltz
David Leigh Waltz (28 May 1943 – 22 March 2012) was a computer scientist who made significant contributions in several areas of artificial intelligence, including constraint satisfaction, case-based reasoning and the application of massively parallel computation to AI problems. He held positions in academia and industry and at the time of his death, was  a professor of Computer Science at Columbia University where he directed the Center for Computational Learning Systems.
SKGLB Museum
The SKGLB-museum is a railway museum in Mondsee in Upper Austria. It shows relics of the 1957 closed Salzkammergut-Lokalbahn (abbreviation: SKGLB) that was a railway line in 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) gauge track from Salzburg to Bad Ischl with a branch to Mondsee - a town located at the lake Mondsee. The engine shed of the terminal station at Mondsee is the only preserved engine shed of this line. It has been converted to a museum about the line and its history and contains a collection of original vehicles, photographs and a model layout of the SKGLB's Mondsee branch. The line was privately owned firstly by the Bavarian company "Lokalbahn Aktiengesellschaft" known as LAG. This company owned the cog railway from St. Wolfgang to the Schafberg too which is still in operation.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.
Kvæsthusgade 1
Kvæsthusgade 1, also known as, Nyhavn 69 is a three-storey building situated at the corner of Nyhavn and Kvæsthusgade. A memorial featuring a bust of a diver wearing a diving helmet commemorates that Em. Z. Svitzer's Bjernings-Enterprise, a salvage company founded by Emil Zeuthen Svitzer back in 1833, was once headquartered in the building. Notable former residents include the actress Magda von Dolcke.

Kvæsthusgade
Kvæsthusgade is a short street in the Nyhavn Quarter of central Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from the mouth of the Nyhavn canal in the south to Ofelia Plads in the north. The rear side of the Royal Danish Playhouse dominates the east side of the street.

The Zinn House at No. 3 and the neighbouring building at No. 5 are both listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places.
Simmas
Simmas (fl. 530) was a Hunnic general in the service of the Byzantine Empire, serving as dux (regional military commander). Active in the early 6th century, he fought at the Battle of Dara, commanding six hundred horseman along with fellow Hun commander Ascan, and played a fundamental role in the Byzantine victory.

Dux
Dux (/dʌks, dʊks/, pl.: ducēs) is Latin for "leader" (from the noun dux, ducis, "leader, general") and later for duke and its variant forms (doge, duce, etc.). During the Roman Republic and for the first centuries of the Roman Empire, dux could refer to anyone who commanded troops, both Roman generals and foreign leaders, but was not a formal military rank.
Pavuluri Mallana
Pavuluri Mallana was a c. 11th or early 12th century Indian mathematician from present-day Andhra Pradesh. He translated Gaṇita-sāra-saṅgraha, a 9th century Sanskrit mathematical treatise of Mahaviracharya into Telugu as Sāra Sangraha Ganitamu, popularly known as Pavuluri Ganitamu.

Sāra Sangraha Ganitamu was the earliest translation of a mathematical text from Sanskrit into a regional language and also the oldest scientific text written in Telugu. It is also the first scientific treatise on mathematics in any Dravidian language. Mallana also described the system of weights, measures, and coinage used in Andhra in that era in his work. Mallana's work was followed by Eluganti Peddana's Prakīrna Ganitamu, a Telugu translation of Bhāskara's Līlāvatī.

Līlāvatī
Līlāvatī is a treatise by Indian mathematician Bhāskara II on mathematics, written in 1150 AD. It is the first volume of his main work, the Siddhānta Shiromani, alongside the Bijaganita, the Grahaganita and the Golādhyāya.
Morita conjectures
The Morita conjectures in general topology are certain problems about normal spaces, now solved in the affirmative. The conjectures, formulated by Kiiti Morita in 1976, asked

If  is normal for every normal space Y, is X a discrete space?

If   is normal for every normal P-space Y, is X metrizable?

If   is normal for every normal countably paracompact space Y, is X metrizable and sigma-locally compact?

The answers were believed to be affirmative. Here a normal P-space Y is characterised by the property that the product with every metrizable X is normal; thus the conjecture was that the converse holds.

Keiko Chiba, Teodor C. Przymusiński, and Mary Ellen Rudin proved conjecture (1) and showed that conjectures (2) and (3) cannot be proven false under the standard ZFC axioms for mathematics (specifically, that the conjectures hold under the axiom of constructibility V=L).

Fifteen years later, Zoltán Tibor Balogh succeeded in showing that conjectures (2) and (3) are true.

Converse (logic)
In logic and mathematics, the converse of a categorical or implicational statement is the result of reversing its two constituent statements. For the implication P → Q, the converse is Q → P. For the categorical proposition All S are P, the converse is All P are S. Either way, the truth of the converse is generally independent from that of the original statement.
Nigel Hamilton (civil servant)
Sir Nigel Hamilton, KCB, DL (born 1948), was Head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service from 2002 to 2008.

He became a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 2008 New Year Honours.
Hamilton was made an Honorary Graduate of the University of Ulster and awarded a Doctor of the University (DUniv) on 3 July 2008 in recognition of his contribution to public administration in Northern Ireland especially during the years of the Northern Ireland peace process.

Northern Ireland Civil Service
The Northern Ireland Civil Service (NICS; Irish: Státseirbhís Thuaisceart Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann Cïvil Sarvice) is the permanent bureaucracy of employees that supports the Northern Ireland Executive, the devolved government of Northern Ireland.

The NICS is one of three civil services in the United Kingdom, the others being the Home Civil Service and HM Diplomatic Service. The heads of these services are members of the Permanent Secretaries Management Group.
Center for Mark Twain Studies
The Center For Mark Twain Studies is a cultural humanities site associated with Elmira College. The Center manages two historic sites, the Mark Twain Study and Quarry Farm, where the American author, Mark Twain, composed many of his works, including his 1884 novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The center also includes exhibits and archives. It administers research fellowships and delivers extensive programming, including lectures series, symposia, teachers institutes, digital resources, podcasts, and the quadrennial International Conference on the State of Mark Twain Studies.

Jervis Langdon Jr.
Jervis Langdon Jr. (January 28, 1905 – February 16, 2004) was an American railroad executive noted as president of B&O, the Rock Island, and Penn Central.

Langdon was a member of The Hill School class of 1923, but was expelled due to participating in a party where alcohol was involved (although he did not consume it). He then matriculated at Cornell University, and graduated with the class of 1927. He was nominated for the Rhodes Scholarship, but was ultimately not selected.

He served as a colonel in the Army Air Force during World War II.

He was a grand-nephew of Mark Twain, and in 1982, he donated his family house Quarry Farm to Elmira College for the use of studies of the author.
Le Socialiste picard
Le Socialiste picard was a socialist weekly newspaper published from Amiens, France. It was founded in 1933 as served as the organ for the Somme Federation of the Socialist Party of France. Louis Lebel, member of parliament, was the director of the newspaper.

Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union
The Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union (French: Parti socialiste de France-Union Jean Jaurès, PSdF) was a political party in France founded in 1933 during the late Third Republic which united the right-wing of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). The PSdF was formed by neosocialist members of the SFIO expelled from the party in 1933. These included Marcel Déat, Paul Ramadier and Adrien Marquet. The party was weak and merged with the Republican-Socialist Party and the French Socialist Party to form the Socialist Republican Union (USR) in 1935. The USR participated in the Popular Front.
Steven J. Law
Steven J. Law is president and CEO of One Nation and American Crossroads, president of its sister organization Crossroads GPS, and president of the Super PAC Senate Leadership Fund.  He previously held the position of Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. He served as Deputy Secretary of Labor in the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush. In 2005, Law chaired the President's Management Council Subcommittee on E-Government.

Law is a Phi Beta Kappa honors graduate of the University of California at Davis, and a graduate of Columbia Law School.

United States Chamber of Commerce
The United States Chamber of Commerce (USCC) is a business association advocacy group and is the largest lobbying group in the United States. The group was founded in April 23, 1912, out of local chambers of commerce at the urging of President William Howard Taft and his secretary of commerce and labor Charles Nagel. President Taft's belief was that the "government needed to deal with a group that could speak with authority for the interests of business."

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce claims to represent three million small business owners, but this claim is disputed because the organization is funded primarily by the largest corporations in the United States.

The current president and CEO of the Chamber is Suzanne Clark. She worked for the group from 1997 to 2007 and returned in 2014, holding multiple executive roles before being named its first female CEO in February 2021.
Sam Rockwell on screen and stage
Sam Rockwell is an American actor. He became well known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs (1997), Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002), Matchstick Men (2003), The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005), Moon (2009), Gentlemen Broncos (2009), G-Force (2009), Seven Psychopaths (2012), Mr. Right (2015), Richard Jewell (2019), and The Bad Guys (2022). He has also played supporting roles in The Green Mile (1999), Galaxy Quest (1999), Charlie's Angels (2000), Frost/Nixon (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), Conviction (2010), Cowboys & Aliens (2011), The Way, Way Back (2013), Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017), Vice (2018), and Jojo Rabbit (2019).

For his performance in Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017), Rockwell won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role.

G-Force (film)
G-Force is a 2009 American spy adventure-comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films. Directed by Hoyt Yeatman in his directorial debut and written by Cormac and Marianne Wibberley with a story by Yeatman, who worked in the area of visual effects alongside co-founding Dream Quest Images. The film stars Zach Galifianakis, Bill Nighy, and Will Arnett and it features the voices of Sam Rockwell, Tracy Morgan, Penélope Cruz, Jon Favreau, Nicolas Cage, and Steve Buscemi. Sony Pictures Imageworks handled the film's visual effects. The story follows Darwin (a guinea pig) and his team of specially trained rodents who, after failing a mission, must break out of a pet shop and stop an evil billionaire from taking over the world.

G-Force was released in the United States on July 24, 2009. It grossed $292.8 million worldwide against a production budget of $150 million. It received mostly negative reviews from critics.