hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ladder-DES
In cryptography, Ladder-DES is a block cipher designed in 1994 by Terry Ritter. It is a 4-round Feistel cipher with a block size of 128 bits, using DES as the round function. It has no actual key schedule, so the total key size is 4×56=224 bits.

In 1997, Eli Biham found two forms of cryptanalysis for Ladder-DES that depend on the birthday paradox; the key is deduced from the presence or absence of collisions, plaintexts that give equal intermediate values in the encryption process. He presented both a chosen-plaintext attack and a known-plaintext attack; each uses about 236 plaintexts and 290 work, but the known-plaintext attack requires much more memory.

Eli Biham
Eli Biham (Hebrew: אלי ביהם) is an Israeli cryptographer and cryptanalyst who is a professor at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Computer Science department. From 2008 to 2013, Biham was the dean of the Technion Computer Science department, after serving for two years as chief of CS graduate school.
Biham invented (publicly) differential cryptanalysis, for which he received his Ph.D., while working under Adi Shamir.
Alberto Fernández (sport shooter)
Alberto Fernández Muñoz (born 16 June 1983 in Madrid) is a Spanish trap shooter. He competes in Trap Shooting and Olympic pit, being triple world champion in the years 2010, 2013, and 2018.

He has won three gold medals at the World Shooting Championships, between 2010 and 2018, and five medals at the European Shooting Championships, between 2006 and 2015.

He competed in four Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal in the mixed trap team event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, in team with Fátima Gálvez. In the individual trap event, he was 33rd in Beijing 2008, 25th in London 2012, 17th in Rio de Janeiro 2016, and 9th in Tokyo.

European Shooting Championships
The European Shooting Championships are the continental championships for ISSF sport shooting disciplines in Europe, including 10m air rifle and air pistol, cartridge rifle (50m and 300m) and pistol (25m and 50m). Sometimes the competition also includes trap shooting, skeet and running target shooting events, usually organized in special championships.

The championships are organised by the European Shooting Confederation (ESC) with the support of the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF).

The first edition of the championships took place in 1955 in Bucharest. It takes place biennially, but every year 2-4 special championships held for European countries in separate shooting disciplines.

In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Shooting Confederation stripped Russia of its right to host the 2022 European Shooting Championships in the 25m, 50m, 300m, running target and shotgun.
Sanam Chandra Palace
Sanam Chandra Palace (Thai: พระราชวังสนามจันทร์; RTGS: Sanam Chan; "Moon Plaza") is a palace complex built by Vajiravudh in Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand, 56 km (35 mi) west of Bangkok. The palace complex is about a kilometer away from the Phra Pathommachedi. The complex consists of five buildings and a Ganesh shrine. Part of the palace is also the site of Silpakorn University, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus since 1965.

Nakhon Pathom province
Nakhon Pathom (Thai: จังหวัดนครปฐม, pronounced [náʔkʰɔ̄ːn pā.tʰǒm], (Pronunciation)) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Suphan Buri, Ayutthaya, Nonthaburi, Bangkok, Samut Sakhon, Ratchaburi, and Kanchanaburi. The capital city of Nakhon Pathom province is Nakhon Pathom.

Nakhon Pathom province is home to the Phra Pathommachedi, a chedi commissioned by King Mongkut (Rama IV) and completed by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) in 1870. The chedi is a reminder of the long vanished Dvaravati civilization that once flourished here and by tradition Nakhon Pathom is where Buddhism first came to Thailand. The province itself is known for its many fruit orchards.
Made-to-measure
Made-to-measure (MTM) typically refers to custom clothing that is cut and sewn using a standard-sized base pattern. Suits and sport coats are the most common garments made-to-measure. The fit of a made-to-measure garment is expected to be superior to that of a ready-to-wear garment because  made-to-measure garments are constructed to fit each customer individually based on a few body measurements to customize the pre-existing pattern. 
Made-to-measure garments always involve some form of standardization in the pattern and manufacturing, whereas bespoke tailoring is  entirely made from scratch based on a customer's specifications with far more attention to minute fit details and using multiple fittings during the construction process. 
All else being equal, a made-to-measure garment will be more expensive than a ready-to-wear garment but cheaper than a bespoke one. "Custom made" most often refers to MTM.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Rob Norris
Rob Norris is a former Canadian politician and retired government relations officer. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 2007 to 2016 as a member of the Saskatchewan Party, and formerly a member of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party.

Saskatoon Greystone
Saskatoon Greystone was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. It was last contested in the 2011 provincial election before being dissolved into Saskatoon Churchill-Wildwood and Saskatoon University.

The district encompassed the Greystone Heights, Grosvenor Park, Brevoort Park, and Wildwood neighbourhoods of Saskatoon.
Rebel Spirit (artist)
Mohammed Amine El Bellaoui (محمد أمين البلاوي), known as Rebel Spirit, is a Moroccan comic book author, illustrator, street artist, and musician from Casablanca, Morocco. He came out of Casablanca's underground art scene and gained notoriety with the release of his comic book entitled the Casablanca Guide (الدليل البيضاوي, Le Guide Casablancais). He is considered a prominent member of the contemporary art and culture scene in Casablanca and in Morocco.

Street artist
A street artist is a person who makes art in public places. Street artists include portrait artists, caricaturists, graffiti artists, muralists and people making crafts. Street artists can also refer to street performers such as musicians, acrobats, jugglers, living statues, and street theatre performers. Street artists can be seen throughout the world.
Hemiarcha macroplaca
Hemiarcha macroplaca is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1893. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Victoria.

The wingspan is about 14 mm. The forewings are dark-fawn colour with a black fascia, somewhat edged with white, from one-third of the costa, not reaching the inner margin, slightly dilated on the costa. There is a black spot at the base of the costa and a similar one beyond, both connected by a fine line along the costa. There is also a series of blackish dots along the apical-fourth of the costa, and continued along the costa around the hindmargin to the anal angle, the first three more conspicuous. A minute black dot is found on the inner margin at two-thirds, and a smaller one above, surmounted by a small white spot. The hindwings are dark grey.

Oswald Bertram Lower
Oswald Bertram Lower (28 February 1864 in Norwood, South Australia – 18 March 1925 in Wayville, South Australia) was an Australian chemist and pharmacist who is best known for his contributions to entomology, in particular butterflies and moths. His collection is now at the South Australian Museum.

In 1909 he married Eva Linda May (Davies) Lower. The couple had two sons: Oswald Bertram and Raymond Brackleigh.
The Way of the Dog
"The Way of the Dog" is the 22nd and final episode of the thirty-first season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons, and the 684th episode overall. It debuted on Fox on May 17, 2020. The episode was directed by Matthew Faughnan and written by Carolyn Omine. In this episode, Santa's Little Helper bites matriarch Marge, causing the family to reflect on the difficult life that the dog led prior to being adopted by the family and they end up reuniting him with his mother to avoid having to euthanize him.

The episode is dedicated in memory of Little Richard, who previously appeared in the episode "Special Edna" and had died on May 9, 2020. It also includes footage from the series premiere "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire".

The episode has received positive reception from critics.

The Simpsons season 31
The thirty-first season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons aired on Fox between September 29, 2019, and May 17, 2020. The season was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. This was the first of two new seasons ordered by Fox. Al Jean continues as showrunner, a position he has held since the thirteenth season. Matt Selman also contributed as showrunner for the episodes "Go Big or Go Homer", "Livin La Pura Vida", "Thanksgiving of Horror", "The Miseducation of Lisa Simpson", "Bart the Bad Guy", "Highway to Well" and "The Hateful Eight-Year-Olds".

Episodes this season were nominated for three Emmy Awards. It was also nominated for four Writers Guild of America Awards and won for Outstanding Writing in Animation.
High Rock (Antarctica)
High Rock is a nunatak located on David Island, off the coast of Queen Mary Land in eastern Antarctica. It rises 2.3 km northwest of The Doublets.

High Rock was discovered and named by the Western Base party of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition of 1911–1914 under Douglas Mawson.

David Island
David Island (66°25′S 98°46′E﻿ / ﻿66.417°S 98.767°E﻿ / -66.417; 98.767) is an ice-covered island, 10 miles (16 km) long and 6 miles (10 km) wide, marked by rock exposures along its north and east sides, lying off Davis Peninsula in the Shackleton Ice Shelf in Antarctica. It was discovered in November 1912 by the Western Base party of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE) under Douglas Mawson. Mawson named the island for Edgeworth David, a member of the AAE Advisory Committee.
Puppalguda
Puppalaguda is a village in Manikonda municipality in Ranga Reddy district, Telangana, India. It falls under Gandipet mandal.

EIPL Cornerstone, Fortune Greenhomes Golden Oriole, Greenspace Prime Apartments BRC apartments, Begonia Homes, Greenspace Tulasi and Peetani Coconuts are the famous gated communities in this area. Many of the tallest buildings in Hyderabad are located in Puppalaguda, with Phoenix Triton being the tallest among them.

Ranga Reddy district
Ranga Reddy district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The district headquarters is located at Kongara Kalan Village, Ibrahimpatnam Mandal. The district was named after the former deputy chief minister of the United Andhra Pradesh, K. V. Ranga Reddy. The district shares boundaries with Nalgonda, Yadadri, Hyderabad, Medchal–Malkajgiri, Nagarkurnool, Mahabubnagar, Sangareddy and Vikarabad districts.
Oveco (bishop of Oviedo)
Oveco (died 957x62) was the Bishop of Oviedo from 913/4, whose episcopate lasted almost half a century. Despite his longevity he is a relatively obscure figure. His origins lie in the same landed and wealthy aristocratic family as those of the Count Piniolo (Piñolo) who founded the monastery of San Juan Bautista de Corias. While the city of Oviedo and its diocese were overshadowed at the time of Oveco's election, at the height of his career, during the turbulent reign of Ramiro II, he was the senior bishop of the realm and his city was labelled the sedem regum ("seat of kings").

Oviedo
Oviedo (Spanish: [oˈβjeðo] ⓘ) or Uviéu (Asturian: [uˈβjew]) is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain and the administrative and commercial centre of the region. With a population of 220,027, it is also the 2nd-largest city in Asturias.

Oviedo is located approximately 24 km (15 mi) southwest of Gijón and 23 km (14 mi) southeast of Avilés, both of which lie on the shoreline of the Bay of Biscay. Oviedo's proximity to the ocean of less than 30 kilometres (19 mi) in combination with its elevated position with areas of the city more than 300 metres above sea level causes the city to have a maritime climate, even though it does not sit directly on the shore.
The Fair Toxophilites
The Fair Toxophilites is an 1872 oil painting by the British artist William Powell Frith depicting three young women practicing archery. It also known by the title English Archers, Nineteenth Century. Today the painting is in the collection of the Royal Albert Memorial Museum, in Exeter.

The three women portrayed were Frith's daughters Alice, Fanny and Louise. They are all dressed in a very fashionable way, reflecting their upper class status. It reflects the Victorian era archery craze, referred to in the novel Daniel Deronda by George Eliot. Frith exhibited it at the Royal Academy's 1873 Summer Exhibition alongside another featuring women playing billiards. The review in The Athenaeum, which was generally hostile to Frith's work, was critical. A more positive reception came from The Art Journal and The Times.

The Art Journal
The Art Journal was the most important British 19th-century magazine on art. It was founded in 1839 by Hodgson & Graves, print publishers, 6 Pall Mall, with the title Art Union Monthly Journal (or The Art Union), the first issue of 750 copies appearing 15 February 1839. It was published in London but its readership was global in reach.
Jacques Coene
Jacques Coene (active late 1380s – 1411) was a Flemish painter, illustrator, and architect. He worked in Belgium, France, and Italy. In 1399, he worked in the building of Milan Cathedral. He apparently had commissions from John, Duke of Berry and Philip the Bold.

Art historians sometimes attribute the Book of Hours created by the Boucicaut Master to him, however, this is no longer considered correct based on historical evidence.

John, Duke of Berry
John of Berry or John the Magnificent (French: Jean de Berry, Latin: Johannes de Bituria; 30 November 1340 – 15 June 1416) was Duke of Berry and Auvergne and Count of Poitiers and Montpensier. His brothers were King Charles V of France, Duke Louis I of Anjou and Duke Philip the Bold of Burgundy. He was Regent of France from 1380 to 1388 during the minority of his nephew Charles VI.

John is primarily remembered as a collector of the important illuminated manuscripts and other works of art commissioned by him, such as the Très Riches Heures. His personal motto was Le temps venra ("the time will come").
Ibrahim Sabawi Ibrahim
Ibrahim Sabawi Ibrahim (Arabic: إبراهيم سبعاوي إبراهيم) (October 25, 1983, Baghdad - May 20, 2015, Baiji) was Saddam Hussein's half-nephew and an Islamic State guerrilla.

Ibrahim's father was Sabawi Ibrahim Hassan al-Tikriti, Saddam's half-brother, the 'Six of Diamonds' in the U.S. military's most-wanted Iraqi playing cards due to his leading Iraqi secret intelligence. Sabawi Ibrahim Hassan al-Tikriti and at least two sons (Ibrahim Sabawi Ibrahim and his older brother, Ayman Sabawi Ibrahim) were captured by Iraqi and coalition forces near Saddam's hometown of Tikrit in February, 2005. Ibrahim Sabawi Ibrahim escaped from a prison near Mosul the following year while serving sentences for illegal weapons possession and the manufacture of explosive devices used in terror attacks.  His father died from cancer in a Baghdad hospital in 2013.

Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards
During the 2003 invasion of Iraq by a United States–led coalition, the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency developed a set of playing cards to help troops identify the most-wanted members of President Saddam Hussein's government, mostly high-ranking members of the Iraqi Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party or members of the Revolutionary Command Council; among them were some of Hussein's family members. The cards were officially named the "personality identification playing cards".

As of 6 January 2025, all but four of the 52 most wanted have either died or been captured, ten of whom have been released.
Texas's 26th House of Representatives district
District 26 is a district in the Texas House of Representatives. It was created in the 3rd Legislature (1849–1851).

The district is wholly within Fort Bend County and accounts for nearly a quarter (24%) of the counties representation in the chamber. It includes the cities of Cumings, Richmond, and Pecan Grove. The district also includes portions of Katy, with the rest of the population dispersed though unincorporated areas of the county.

The district is represented by Matt Morgan.

Richmond, Texas
Richmond is a suburb of Houston and the county seat of Fort Bend County, Texas, United States. The city is located within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, Richmond had a population of 11,627.
James Pearson Newcomb
James Pearson Newcomb (August 31, 1837 – October 16, 1907) was a journalist and Secretary of State of Texas. He was a Republican. Appointed by Governor Edmund J. Davis, he served between January 1, 1870 and January 17, 1874.

Edmund J. Davis
Edmund Jackson Davis (October 2, 1827 – February 7, 1883) was an American lawyer, soldier, and politician. Davis was a Southern Unionist and a general in the Union Army in the American Civil War. He also served as the 14th Governor of Texas from 1870 to 1874, during the Reconstruction era. Davis supported civil rights and voting rights for African Americans. Reviled by many former Confederate Texans and white supremacists during and after the Civil War as a traitor for his open support for the North and his attempts to break up Texas into several Northern-controlled states, Davis leased prisoners to private corporations to alleviate state budget shortfalls.
Ricardo Ahued
Ricardo Ahued Bardahuil (born 18 April 1957) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement (Morena). He served as a senator representing Veracruz in the 64th and 65th sessions of Congress.  From 2009 to 2012, he was a deputy in the 61st Congress as a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, representing Veracruz's tenth district, and in 2005–2007 he was the municipal president of Xalapa.

In October 2018, the leader of the Morena party in Veracruz, Manuel Huerta Ladrón de Guevara, criticized Ahued for making remarks about the water supply in Xalapa, noting that Ahued was not a member of the party despite being in its Senate caucus.

LXV Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXV Legislature of the Congress of the Union (65th Congress) was a meeting of the legislative branch of Mexico, composed of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. It convened on 1 September 2021, and ended on 31 August 2024, during the final three years of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador's presidency.

The Chamber of Deputies was elected in the 2021 legislative election, in which Juntos Hacemos Historia, consisting of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena), the Labor Party (PT), and the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM), kept their majority but did not reach the two-thirds supermajority required to pass López Obrador's proposed constitutional reforms. This legislature was notable for being the first where deputies were eligible for reelection, with 129 out of the 500 seats being filled by returning deputies.
La Zingarella (Correggio)
La Zingarella (literally The Little Gypsy Girl) is a 49 x 37 cm oil-on-panel painting executed ca. 1516–17 by the Italian Renaissance painter Correggio. It shows the Rest on the Flight into Egypt, although (as also seen in works around the same time by Dosso Dossi) it omits the figure of Saint Joseph. It is now in the Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte in Naples.

Museo di Capodimonte
40°52′01.22″N 14°15′01.92″E﻿ / ﻿40.8670056°N 14.2505333°E﻿ / 40.8670056; 14.2505333

Museo di Capodimonte is an art museum located in the Palace of Capodimonte, a grand Bourbon palazzo in Naples, Italy designed by Giovanni Antonio Medrano. The museum is the prime repository of Neapolitan painting and decorative art, with several important works from other Italian schools of painting, and some important ancient Roman sculptures. It is one of the largest museums in Italy. The museum was inaugurated in 1957.
Panasonic Lumix DC-GX9
The Panasonic Lumix DC-GX9 (known as the Lumix DC-GX7MK3 in Japan) is a digital rangefinder-styled mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera announced by Panasonic in February 2018.

Described as "most readily compared to the GX80," it features a 20 megapixel sensor, 5-axis image stabilization, Depth from Defocus (DFD) contrast-detect AF, a 3.0-inch tiltable touchscreen LCD and a tilting 2.76M-dot electronic viewfinder. The camera's ISO range is from 200 to 25600 and it features up to 6 frames per second burst shooting with continuous auto focus. The camera records 4K video at 30fps. It was named one of the best Panasonic cameras in 2023 by Digital Camera World.

Image stabilization
unstabilised

lens-based optical stabilisation

sensor-shift optical stabilisation

digital or electronic stabilisation

Image stabilization (IS) is a family of techniques that reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or other imaging device during exposure.

Generally, it compensates for pan and tilt (angular movement, equivalent to yaw and pitch) of the imaging device, though electronic image stabilization can also compensate for rotation about the optical axis (roll). It is mainly used in high-end image-stabilized binoculars, still and video cameras, astronomical telescopes, and also smartphones. With still cameras, camera shake is a particular problem at slow shutter speeds or with long focal length lenses (telephoto or zoom). With video cameras, camera shake causes visible frame-to-frame jitter in the recorded video. In astronomy, the problem of lens shake is added to variation in the atmosphere, which changes the apparent positions of objects over time.
Imber (surname)
Imber is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annabelle Clinton Imber, American jurist

Colin Imber, lecturer in Turkish studies

Gerald Imber, American plastic surgeon

Lya Imber (1914–1981), Venezuelan medical doctor

Mike Imber (1940–2011), New Zealand seabird biologist

Naftali Herz Imber (1856–1909), Galicia-born Jewish poet and Zionist

Nicky Imber (1920–1996), Austrian-born Jewish sculptor

Shmuel Yankev Imber (1889–1942), Jewish poet writing in Yiddish and Polish

Suzanne Imber (born 1983), British planetary scientist

Colin Imber
Colin Imber is a retired lecturer of Turkish studies who previously taught at Manchester University, UK.

He completed his Oriental studies at Cambridge University, where he defended his doctorate on "The Ottoman Fleet in the Age of Sultan Suleiman I (1520-1566)". His research interest is focused on the history of the Ottoman Empire until the 17th century and on Islamic law, in particular on the system of Ottoman law, until the 17th century.

He is considered as "perhaps the leading, and...certainly the most productive, of the painfully few Ottoman historians currently working in British universities."

He is noted for his opposition to Paul Wittek's "Ghaza thesis".