hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ideoblothrus descartes
Ideoblothrus descartes is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Syarinidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1991 by Australian arachnologists Mark Harvey and Karen Edward. The specific epithet descartes refers to the type locality.

Mark Harvey (arachnologist)
Mark Stephen Harvey (born 17 September 1958) is a museum scientist and biologist specializing in Australian arachnids. Since 1989 he has been based at the Western Australian Museum as Curator of Arachnids and Myriapods. He has described over 1,000 species, being one of the few biologists to do so.
2010–11 Ivy League men's basketball season
The 2010–11 Ivy League men's basketball season marks the continuation of the annual tradition of competitive basketball among Ivy League members that began when the league was formed during the 1956–57 season, continuing from the predecessor Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League, which was formed in 1902. Following the annual 14-game round robin home & home schedule, Harvard and Princeton tied as co-champion. Princeton earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2011 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament in a one-game playoff. Harvard was invited to the 2011 National Invitation Tournament.  Both teams lost their first tournament games.

Cornell Big Red men's basketball
The Cornell Big Red men's basketball team represents Cornell University (one of eight members of the Ivy League), located in Ithaca, New York, in NCAA Division I men's competition. The Big Red's appearance in the 2008 NCAA Tournament was their first trip to "The Big Dance" since 1988, ending a 20 year absence from the tournament. The team has reached the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament five times, in 1954, 1988, 2008, 2009, and 2010. Cornell’s best finish in the NCAA tournament occurred in 1954 and 2010 when they advanced to the Sweet 16. Jon Jaques is the current head coach.
Canali (surname)
Canali is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francesco Canali (1764–1835), Italian cardinal

Mario Canali, Italian painter

Mauro Canali, Italian historian

Nicola Canali (1874–1961), Italian cardinal

Mauro Canali
Mauro Canali is a full professor of contemporary history at the University of Camerino in Italy. He is considered to be one of the most important scholars of the events leading to the crisis of the liberal Italian state and the rise of fascism. He has also researched and published extensively on the totalitarian structure of Mussolini's regime, its repressive mechanisms and its system of informants. He studied under Renzo De Felice, and has published in the Journal of Modern Italian Studies, the Italian dailies la Repubblica and Cronache di Liberal.
Deh Rashid, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Deh Rashid (Persian: ده رشيد, also Romanized as Deh Rashīd; also known as Rashīd Rīgī) is a village in Khanmirza Rural District, Khanmirza District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. As of the 2006 census, its population was 428, in 88 families. The local population is mainly composed of Lurs.

Khanmirza Rural District
Khanmirza Rural District (Persian: دهستان خانميرزا) is in the Central District of Khanmirza County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Do Makan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Aluni, now a city.
Ruben Cloete
Ruben Cloete (born 3 November 1982) is a South African soccer player who played as a defender. He played for Santos, Free State Stars, Orlando Pirates, Maritzburg United, Bloemfontein Celtic, Chippa United and the South Africa national team.

Chippa United F.C.
Chippa United Football Club (often known as Chilli boys or Chippa) is a South African professional football club based in East London in the Eastern Cape province, having previously been based in Nyanga suburb of the city of Cape Town. The club's first team currently plays in the Premiership, with the reserve team playing in the PSL's reserve league. The team plays most of its home games at the  Buffalo City Stadium, while hosting night matches at Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium.
1873 Orkney and Shetland by-election
The 1873 Orkney and Shetland by-election was fought on 6–7 January 1873.  The by-election was fought due to the Death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Frederick Dundas.  It was won by the Liberal candidate, former Financial Secretary to the Treasury and Railway Administrator Samuel Laing.

Financial Secretary to the Treasury
The financial secretary to the Treasury is a mid-level ministerial post in HM Treasury.  It is nominally the fifth most significant ministerial role within the Treasury after the first lord of the Treasury, the chancellor of the Exchequer, the chief secretary to the Treasury, and the paymaster general. However, the role of First Lord of the Treasury is always held by the prime minister who is not a Treasury minister, and the position of Paymaster General is a sinecure often held by the Minister for the Cabinet Office to allow the holder of that office to draw a government salary. In practice it is, therefore, the third most senior Treasury minister and has attended Cabinet in the past.

The current holder of the position is  Lord Livermore, who was appointed by Prime Minister Keir Starmer following the Labour Party’s victory in the 2024 General Election. The position is shadowed by the shadow financial secretary to the treasury.
Woodland Community College
Woodland Community College is a public community college in Woodland, California, with additional campuses in Williams (Colusa County) and Clearlake (Lake County). It is a part of the Yuba Community College District and is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges.

Colusa County, California
Colusa County (/kəˈluːsə/ ⓘ) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,839. The county seat is Colusa. It is in the northern Sacramento Valley, northwest of the state capital, Sacramento.
Ridge push
Ridge push (also known as gravitational slides or sliding plate force) is a proposed driving force for plate motion in plate tectonics that occurs at mid-ocean ridges as the result of the rigid lithosphere sliding down the hot, raised asthenosphere below mid-ocean ridges. Although it is called ridge push, the term is somewhat misleading; it is actually a body force that acts throughout an ocean plate, not just at the ridge, as a result of gravitational pull. The name comes from earlier models of plate tectonics in which ridge push was primarily ascribed to upwelling magma at mid-ocean ridges pushing or wedging the plates apart.

Body force
In physics, a body force is a force that acts throughout the volume of a body. Forces due to gravity, electric fields and magnetic fields are examples of body forces. Body forces contrast with contact forces or surface forces which are exerted to the surface of an object.
Fictitious forces such as the centrifugal force, Euler force, and the Coriolis effect are other examples of body forces.
Moe Koffman
Morris "Moe" Koffman, OC (28 December 1928 – 28 March 2001) was a Canadian jazz saxophonist and flautist, as well as composer and arranger. During a career spanning from the 1950s into the 2000s, Koffman was one of Canada's most prolific musicians, working variously in clubs and sessions and releasing 30 albums. With his 1957 record Cool and Hot Sax on the New York-based Jubilee label, Koffman became one of the first Canadian jazz musicians to record a full-length album. Koffman was also a long-time member of Rob McConnell's Boss Brass.

His most famous pieces, "Curried Soul" and "Koff Drops", have been the theme music for the CBC Radio One show, As It Happens, since 1972.

The Royal Conservatory of Music
The Royal Conservatory of Music (RCM; French: Conservatoire royal de musique), branded as The Royal Conservatory, is a non-profit music education institution and performance venue headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1886 by Edward Fisher as The Toronto Conservatory of Music. In 1947, King George VI incorporated the organization through royal charter. Its Toronto home was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1995, in recognition of the institution's influence on music education in Canada. Tim Price is the current Chair of the Board, and Alexander Brose is the President and CEO.
Li Yufu
Li Yufu (Chinese: 李玉赋; pinyin: Lǐ Yùfù; born October 1954) is a Chinese politician who served as party branch secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions between 2014 and 2020. He is a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and is a member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He is a member of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was a member of the 16th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and was a member of the Standing Committee of the 17th and 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. He was a delegate to the 12th National People's Congress.

19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was elected by the 19th National Congress in 2017, and sat until the next National Congress was convened in 2022. It formally succeeded the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and preceded the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

The first plenary session in 2017 was responsible for electing the bodies in which the authority of the Central Committee is invested when it is not in session: the Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee. It was also responsible for approving the members of the Secretariat, 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and its Standing Committee. The third plenary session in 2018 nominated candidates for state positions. The fourth plenary session issued a decision on modernizing governance.
Maryon Park
Maryon Park is an urban public park located in Charlton in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom. It is situated on the A206 road south of the Thames Barrier, and is accessible from Woolwich Road, Charlton Lane and Thorntree Road. It is part of the Maryon Wilson Park and Gilbert's Pit Local Nature Reserve.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
The University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy (Serbian: Филозофски факултет Универзитета у Београду, romanized: Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu), established in 1838 within the Belgrade Higher School, is the oldest Faculty at the University of Belgrade. The Faculty building is located at the meeting point of the Čika-Ljubina with the Knez Mihailova Street, the main pedestrian and shopping zone in Belgrade, Stari Grad.

The Faculty employs 255 teaching staff and enrolls approximately 5000 undergraduate and graduate students within ten departments: Department of Philosophy, Department of Classics, Department of History, Department of Art History, Department of Archaeology, Department of Ethnology and Anthropology, Department of Sociology, Department of Psychology, Department of Andragogy and Department of Pedagogy.

Knez Mihailova Street
Knez Mihailova Street (Serbian: Кнез Михаилова улица, romanized: Knez Mihailova ulica, officially: Улица кнеза Михаила, Ulica kneza Mihaila) is the main pedestrian and shopping zone in Belgrade, and is protected by law as one of the oldest and most valuable landmarks of the city. Named after Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia, it features a number of buildings and mansions built during the late 1870s.

One kilometer long Knez Mihailova Street was protected in 1964 as the spatial cultural-historical unit, the first cultural monument of that type in Belgrade. In 1979 it was elevated to the Spatial Cultural-Historical Units of Great Importance, and as such is protected by the Republic of Serbia.
Turkey Creek (Oconee River tributary)
Turkey Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is a tributary to the Oconee River. The stream headwaters arise just west of Jeffersonville at 32°41′19″N 83°21′27″W﻿ / ﻿32.68861°N 83.35750°W﻿ / 32.68861; -83.35750 at an elevation of 480 feet. The stream flows southeast to enter the Oconee at Turkey Creek Landing approximately six miles southeast of Dublin at 32°25′35″N 82°49′45″W﻿ / ﻿32.42639°N 82.82917°W﻿ / 32.42639; -82.82917 and an elevation of 150 feet.

Turkey Creek's name is an accurate preservation of its native Creek-language name, Pennohatchee meaning "turkey stream". Former variant names were "Pennohatchee Creek" and "Pinahachi Creek".

Oconee River
The Oconee River is a 220-mile-long (350 km) river in the U.S. state of Georgia. Its origin is in Hall County and it terminates where it joins the Ocmulgee River to form the Altamaha River near Lumber City at the borders of Montgomery County, Wheeler County, and Jeff Davis County. South of Athens, two forks, known as the Middle Oconee River and North Oconee River, which flow for 55–65 miles (89–105 km) upstream, converge to form the Oconee River. Milledgeville, the former capital city of Georgia, lies on the Oconee River.

The Oconee River Greenway along the Oconee River in Milledgeville opened in 2008; the North Oconee River Greenway is in Athens, Georgia. J.W. McMillan's brick factory was located along the river.
Mieczysław Smorawiński
Brigadier General Mieczysław Makary Smorawiński (1893–1940), was a Polish military commander and officer of the Polish Army. He was one of the Polish generals identified by forensic scientists of the Katyn Commission as the victim of the Soviet Katyn massacre of 1940.

Mieczysław Makary Smorawiński was born on 25 December 1893 in Kalisz, then in Russian Empire. There he graduated from a local primary school and then a Russian language trade school. Early in his youth he joined the Zarzewie resistance organization and became one of its leaders in Kalisz. Denunciated, in 1911 he was arrested and sentenced to 6 months in prison in Ekaterinoslav (modern Dnipro in Ukraine). After finishing his term he emigrated to Lwów (modern Lviv) in Austro-Hungarian Galicia, where in 1912 he passed his matura exam and joined the Faculty of Chemistry of the Lwów School of Technology. There he also joined the Drużyny Strzeleckie organization, in which he received basic military training.

Matura
Matura or its translated terms (mature, matur, maturita, maturità, Maturität, maturité, матура, érettségi) is a Latin name for the secondary school exit exam or "maturity diploma" in various European countries, including Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Liechtenstein, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine.

It is taken by young adults (usually aged from 17 to 20) at the end of their secondary education, and generally must be passed in order to apply to a university or other institutions of higher education. Matura is a matriculation examination and can be compared to A-Level exams, the Abitur or the Baccalauréat.
First ascent of Mount Everest
There are two claimants to the title of First ascent of Mount Everest.

The 1924 British Mount Everest expedition, consisting of George Mallory and Andrew Irvine, might have reached the summit, but Mallory and Irvine perished on descent.

The 1953 British Mount Everest expedition, consisting of Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary, was the first confirmed successful ascent.

Tenzing Norgay
Tenzing Norgay GM OSN (/ˈtɛnzɪŋ ˈnɔːrɡeɪ/; Sherpa: བསྟན་འཛིན་ནོར་རྒྱས tendzin norgyé; May 1914 – 9 May 1986), born Namgyal Wangdi, and also referred to as Sherpa Tenzing, was a Nepalese-Indian Sherpa mountaineer. On 29 May 1953, he and Edmund Hillary were the first confirmed to have reached the summit of Mount Everest, as part of the 1953 British Mount Everest expedition. Time named Norgay one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
John West Giles
John West Giles (fl. 1830 – 1865) was a British painter, engraver and lithographer with works covering subjects such as sporting, animal, landscapes topographical views and military costumes, either made after his owns works or those of contemporary artists. He may have been the brother of Scottish painter James William Giles, as both artists shared the same address in Aberdeen in 1830, from which they sent works for exhibition at the Royal Academy. From 1844, Giles exhibited from London addresses.

J. W. Giles exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1830 and 1848, as well as exhibiting five works at the British Institution.

James Giles (painter)
James William Giles ARSA (4 January 1801 – 6 October 1870) was a Scottish landscape painter. Several of his landscapes were commissioned and purchased by Queen Victoria and members of the Scottish aristocracy. He was a member of the Royal Scottish Academy.
Alfonso de la Cerda of Spain
Alfonso de la Cerda, called of Spain (France, 1289 - Gentilly, France, 1327) from the Castilian House of Ivrea was Archdeacon of Paris, baron of Lunel and Lord of Tafalla & Caparroso. He was the eldest son of Alfonso de la Cerda, called "the disinherited".

Castilian House of Burgundy
The House of Burgundy, also known as the Castilian House of Ivrea, is a cadet branch of the House of Ivrea descended from Raymond of Burgundy. Raymond married Urraca, the eldest legitimate daughter of Alfonso VI of León and Castile of the House of Jiménez. Two years after Raymond's death, Urraca succeeded her father and became queen of Castile and León; Urraca's and Raymond's offspring in the legitimate line ruled the kingdom from 1126 until the death of Peter of Castile in 1369, while their descendants in an illegitimate line, the House of Trastámara, would rule Castile and Aragón into the 16th century.
Kolanowo
Kolanowo [kɔlaˈnɔvɔ] (German: Knick) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borne Sulinowo, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Borne Sulinowo, 20 km (12 mi) west of Szczecinek, and 124 km (77 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 30.

Szczecinek County
Szczecinek County (Polish: powiat szczecinecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Szczecinek, which lies 143 kilometres (89 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains three other towns: Borne Sulinowo, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Szczecinek, Barwice, 23 km (14 mi) west of Szczecinek, and Biały Bór, 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Szczecinek.

The county covers an area of 1,765.22 square kilometres (681.6 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 77,232, out of which the population of Szczecinek is 38,756, that of Borne Sulinowo is 4,224, that of Barwice is 3,838, that of Biały Bór is 2,127, and the rural population is 28,287.
1989 Volvo Tennis San Francisco
The 1989 Volvo Tennis San Francisco, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States. The event was part of the Super Series of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. The 100-year anniversary of the inaugural event was the 101st edition of the tournament and was held from September 25 through October 1, 1989. Third-seeded Brad Gilbert won the singles title and earned $59,500 first-prize money.

Grand Prix Super Series
The Grand Prix Super Series of men's tennis tournaments was part of the Grand Prix and World Championship Tennis tours between 1978 and 1989, sometimes also referred to as the Super Grand Prix. They were held annually throughout the year in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia. These tournaments were the most prestigious and highest level events of the Grand Prix Tour after the majors and year-end championships.

When the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) became the sole governing body of men's tennis in 1990, all of the surviving tournaments of the Grand Prix were absorbed into the new ATP Tour. The nine top events existing at that time are now known as ATP Tour Masters 1000 tournaments.
Dens invaginatus
Dens invaginatus (DI), also known as tooth within a tooth, is a rare dental malformation and a developmental anomaly where there is an infolding of enamel into dentin. The prevalence of this condition is 0.3 - 10%, affecting males more frequently than females. The condition presents in two forms, coronal involving tooth crown and radicular involving tooth root, with the former being more common.

DI is a malformation of teeth most likely resulting from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development or invagination of all layers of the enamel organ in dental papillae. Affected teeth show a deep infolding of enamel and dentin starting from the foramen coecum or even the tip of the cusps and which may extend deep into the root. Teeth most affected are maxillary lateral incisors (80%), followed by maxillary canines (20%). Bilateral occurrence is also seen (25%).

Cusp (anatomy)
A cusp is a pointed, projecting, or elevated feature. In animals, it is usually used to refer to raised points on the crowns of teeth.
The concept is also used with regard to the leaflets of the four heart valves. The mitral valve, which has two cusps, is also known as the bicuspid valve, and the tricuspid valve has three cusps.
Shazam (econometrics software)
Shazam is a comprehensive econometrics and statistics package for estimating, testing, simulating and forecasting many types of econometrics and statistical models. SHAZAM was originally created in 1977 by Kenneth White.

Statistical hypothesis test
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data provide sufficient evidence to reject a particular hypothesis. A statistical hypothesis test typically involves a calculation of a test statistic. Then a decision is made, either by comparing the test statistic to a critical value or equivalently by evaluating a p-value computed from the test statistic. Roughly 100 specialized statistical tests are in use and noteworthy.
Umm al-Hiran
Umm al-Hiran (Arabic: أم الحيران; Hebrew: אום אל-חיראן) was a Bedouin village settled by Arab-Israeli citizens of the Abu Alkian tribe located in the Wadi Atir area of the Negev desert in southern Israel. Located near Hura, the village was established in 1956 and is one of 46 unrecognized Bedouin villages in Israel. In November 2024 the Government of Israel demolished the village as part of its plan of replacing it with a Jewish settlement called Dror, which has been described as "ethnic cleansing" and "systematic population replacement program" by the Regional Council for Unrecognized Villages.

Israel Land Authority
The Israel Land Authority (ILA; Hebrew: רשות מקרקעי ישראל, romanized: Rāšut Mēqarqāʿî Yiśrāʾēl; Arabic: سلطة أراضي إسرائيل, romanized: Sulṭa ʾArāḍī ʾIsrāʾīl) is a governmental body created as a part of a reform of the Israel Land Administration. It replaced the Israel Land Administration following reforms in 2009.