hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aplastodiscus weygoldti
Aplastodiscus weygoldti is a species of frog in the family Hylidae.
It is endemic to Brazil.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Denison House (Boston)
42°20′55″N 71°03′42″W﻿ / ﻿42.3486388°N 71.0616003°W﻿ / 42.3486388; -71.0616003

Denison House was a woman-run settlement house in Boston's old South Cove neighborhood. Founded in 1892 by the College Settlements Association, it provided a variety of social and educational services to neighborhood residents, most of whom were immigrants. Several notable women worked there, including Nobel Prize winner Emily Greene Balch, labor organizer Mary Kenney O'Sullivan, and pioneering aviator Amelia Earhart. The original site at 93 Tyler Street is a stop on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail.

Bay Village, Boston
Bay Village is the smallest officially recognized neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States.  As of 2010, its population was approximately 1,312 residents living in 837 housing units, most of which are small brick rowhouses.
Long Island (Hampshire)
Long Island is an island in Langstone Harbour in Hampshire, England. It is 750 metres (820 yd) long and up to 250 metres (270 yd) wide. Three Bronze Age pots have been found on the island as has Mesolithic and late neolithic flint-work. Bronze Age pottery along with smaller amounts of Romano-British pottery have also been found on the island.

In 1978, the island, along with the other islands in Langstone harbour were acquired by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds who turned it into a bird sanctuary. Since that time unauthorised landings have been forbidden.

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) is a charitable organisation registered in England and Wales and in Scotland. It was founded in 1889. It works to promote conservation and protection of birds and the wider environment through public awareness campaigns, petitions and through the operation of nature reserves throughout the United Kingdom.

In 2023/24 the RSPB had revenue of £169 million, 2,517 employees, 13,500 volunteers and 1.1 million members (including 195,000 youth members), making it one of the world's largest wildlife conservation organisations. The RSPB has many local groups and maintains 222 nature reserves.
Racine station (CTA Green Line)
Racine is an abandoned rapid transit station on the Chicago Transit Authority's Green Line. The station is located at 6314–16 South Racine Avenue in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Racine opened on February 25, 1907, when the Englewood branch of the South Side Elevated Railroad was extended westward. The station closed with the rest of the Green Line on January 9, 1994, but did not reopen with the rest of the Green Line on May 12, 1996.

Chicago Transit Authority
The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) is a public transit agency in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It operates the Chicago "L" rail system and CTA bus services.

The CTA was established as an independent governmental agency by the Metropolitan Transportation Act passed by the Illinois General Assembly on April 12, 1945. It started operations on October 1, 1947, upon the purchase and combination of the transportation assets of the Chicago Rapid Transit Company and the Chicago Surface Lines streetcar system. In 1952, CTA purchased the assets of the Chicago Motor Coach Company, resulting in a fully unified system. Today, the CTA is one of the three service boards financially supported by the Regional Transportation Authority, and CTA service connects with Metra commuter rail and Pace Suburban Bus.

In 2025, the system had a ridership of 319,160,900, or about 971,400 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
Scithae
Scithae or Skithai (Ancient Greek: Σκίθαι) was a town of Chalcidice in ancient Macedonia. It is cited in a fragment of Theopompus collected by Stephanus of Byzantium, which locates it in Thrace, in the vicinity of Potidaea. The city also appears on coins; Scithaean silver coins dated around the year 500 BCE have been preserved.

It has been suggested that Scithae is the same place as Kithas, which suggestion is accepted by the editors of the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World.

Accepting the identification, its site is located in the western Chalcidice.

Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Latin: Stephanus Byzantinus; Ancient Greek: Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; fl. 6th century AD) was an Eastern Roman grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά). Only meagre fragments of the dictionary survive, but the epitome is extant, compiled by one Hermolaus, not otherwise identified.
Masayo Ōsawa
Masayo Ōsawa (Japanese: 大沢 政代, Hepburn: Ōsawa Masayo; April 28, 1913 – January 1946) was a Japanese diver. She competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics and finished sixth in the 3 m springboard and 14th in the 10 m platform competition. Her younger sister Reiko Ōsawa also competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics, in the 10 m platform event.

During World War II Ōsawa served in the Japanese Army as a nurse and died of an illness six months after the end of military operations in Northern China.

Diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Women's 3 metre springboard
The women's 3 metre springboard, also reported as springboard diving, was one of four diving events on the diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics programme.

The competition, held on Wednesday 12 August, was split into two sets of dives held on the same day:

Compulsory dives
Divers performed three pre-chosen dives – a running straight somersault forward, standing header backward with pike, and running straight isander-half gainer.

Facultative dives
Divers performed three dives of their choice (from different categories and different from the compulsory).

Sixteen divers from nine nations competed.

At the age of 13 years and 268 days, Marjorie Gestring won the gold medal in 3-meter springboard diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, making her at the time the youngest person ever to win an Olympic gold medal. She remains the second-youngest Olympic gold medalist, as of 2026.
Candler (surname)
Candler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allen D. Candler (1834–1910), governor of Georgia (U.S. state) at the turn of the 20th century

Asa Griggs Candler (1851–1929), founder of the Coca-Cola Company and mayor of Atlanta

Asa G. Candler Jr. (1880–1953), American businessman and real-estate developer

Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. (1862–1944), American politician

Gillian Candler (born 1959), New Zealand writer, teacher, publisher and conservationist

John S. Candler (1861–1941), American colonel and justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia

John W. Candler (1828–1903), American politician

Kat Candler (born 1974), American independent filmmaker

Milton A. Candler (1837–1909), American politician & lawyer; brother of Asa Griggs Candler

Paul Candler, British civil servant

Thomas S. Candler (1890–1971), justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia

Warren Akin Candler (1857–1941), American Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South; brother of Asa Griggs Candler

Asa Griggs Candler
Asa Griggs Candler Sr. (December 30, 1851 – March 12, 1929) was an American business magnate and politician who in 1888 purchased the Coca-Cola recipe for $238.98 (equivalent to $8,363 in 2024) from chemist John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. Candler founded the Coca-Cola Company in 1892 and developed it as a major company.

Prominent among civic leaders of Atlanta, Candler was elected and served as the 41st mayor of the city, from 1916 to 1919. Candler Field, the site of the present-day Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, was named after him, as is Candler Park in Atlanta. As head of Coca-Cola, he built the Candler Building in Atlanta, as well as one in Kansas City (which became known as the Western Auto Building), a Candler Building in New York City, and one in what is now known as the Inner Harbor area of Baltimore, Maryland.
North Shore State Trail
The North Shore State Trail is a multi-use recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of Minnesota, United States.  The 146-mile (235 km) unpaved trail passes through the largely undeveloped backcountry inland from the North Shore of Lake Superior, between the cities of Duluth and Grand Marais.  It serves primarily as a winter snowmobile route, though the 70 miles (110 km) from the community of Finland to Grand Marais are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking in summer.  In contrast, the southwestern half of the trail is interrupted by many areas of wetness or standing water.  The North Shore State Trail was established by an act of the Minnesota Legislature in 1975.

Grand Marais, Minnesota
Grand Marais (/məˈreɪ/ mə-RAY) is a city and the county seat of Cook County, Minnesota, United States, of which it is the only municipality. It is on Lake Superior's North Shore. Grand Marais had a population of 1,337 at the 2020 census. Before it was settled by French Canadians and before Minnesota's statehood, it was inhabited by the Ojibwe.

The Gunflint Trail, a National Scenic Byway, begins in Grand Marais and ends near the border with Ontario.
Writers on Comics Scriptwriting
Writers on Comics Scriptwriting is book series published by Titan Books containing interviews from top comic book writers about their writing techniques and principal works. Volume 1 (ISBN 184023069X) was written by Mark Salisbury, and Volume 2 (ISBN 1840238089) was written by Andrew Kardon and Tom Root.

Titan Publishing Group
Titan Publishing Group is the publishing division of the British entertainment company Titan Entertainment, which was established as Titan Books in 1981. The books division has two main areas of publishing: film and television tie-ins and cinema reference books; and graphic novels and comics references and art titles. Its imprints are Titan Books, Titan Comics, Titan Magazines and Titan Manga.
South Hampshire Plan
The South Hampshire Plan was a co-ordinated housing plan instigated in the 1960s in the southern portion of the English county of Hampshire.

It was drawn up to encourage growth in the area between Southampton and Portsmouth, which would allow for the extra housing needed to cope with the economic growth in the region. The major areas that benefitted from the growth that followed were Fareham, Havant, Locks Heath and Gosport.

Fareham
Fareham (/ˈfɛərəm/ FAIR-əm) is a market town at the north-west tip of Portsmouth Harbour, between the cities of Portsmouth and Southampton in south east Hampshire, England. It gives its name to the Borough of Fareham. It was historically an important manufacturer of bricks, used to build the Royal Albert Hall, and grower of strawberries and other seasonal fruits. In 2011 it had a population of 42,210.
Adriaan Cornelis Valentin van Bemmel
Adriaan Cornelis Valentin van Bemmel (3 May 1908 – 20 October 1990) was a Dutch zoologist, conservationist and patron of the Natural History Museum Rotterdam and director of the Blijdorp zoo.

Van Bemmel was born in Beverwijk where he received his early education. He then studied biology at the University of Amsterday, receiving a master's degree in 1937. He became a zoologist at the museum in Buitenzorg in Dutch Java and was held prisoner of war in 1941 by the Japanese. The returned to the Netherlands in 1951 and received a doctorate in 1952 and became a conservation consultant at the Staatsbosbeheer. In 1957 he became a deputy director of the Blijdorp zoo in Rotterdam and served as its direction from 1961 to 1968. He described the bird species Symposiachrus boanensis and Zosterops dehaani and took a special interest in the smaller deer. A subspecies of sparrowhawk, Accipiter virgatus vanbemmeli, was named after him by K.H. Voous in 1950.

Karel Voous
Karel Hendrik Voous (23 June 1920 in Huizen – 31 January 2002 in Huizen) was a Dutch ornithologist and author.

He was Secretary-General (1966–1970) and Honorary President (1990–1994) of the International Ornithological Committee.
Luang Pradit Pairoh
Sorn Silpabanleng (Thai: ศร ศิลปบรรเลง, RTGS: Son Sinlapabanleng, 6 August 1881 – 8 March 1954), commonly known by his title as Luang Pradit Pairoh (หลวงประดิษฐไพเราะ, also spelled Pradit Phairoh, RTGS: Praditphairo) was a Thai musician who was famous for playing Thai instruments and composing original Thai songs.

Traditional Thai musical instruments
Traditional Thai musical instruments (Thai: เครื่องดนตรีไทย, RTGS: Khrueang Dontri Thai) are the musical instruments used in the traditional and classical music of Thailand. They comprise a wide range of wind, string, and percussion instruments played by both the Thai majority as well as the nation's ethnic minorities.

In the traditional Thai system of organology, they are classified into four categories, by the action used in playing:

Plucking (plucked string instruments; เครื่องดีด, khrueang dit)

Bowing (bowed string instruments; เครื่องสี, khrueang si)

Striking (percussion instruments and hammered dulcimer; เครื่องตี, khrueang ti)

Blowing (wind instruments; เครื่องเป่า, khrueang pao)

Traditional Thai musical instruments also are classified into four categories, by the region of Thailand in which they are used.
Japan at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
Japan competed at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan from September 17 to 27. Japan sent a delegation consisting of 60 competitors for the event. Japan won a total of 17 medals in the event including 2 gold medals.

2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
The 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games (Turkmen: Ýapyk binalarda we söweş sungaty boýunça V Aziýa oýunlary/Япык биналарда ве сөвеш сунгаты боюнча V Азия оюнлары), which is also counted as the 5th Asian Indoor Games, was held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan in 2017. It became the third city in the former Soviet countries to win the right of hosting an Olympic Council of Asia-sanctioned event, following Astana and Almaty in Kazakhstan, which jointly-hosted the 2011 Asian Winter Games. The host city was chosen in Kuwait on 19 December 2010. On 6 July 2013 the flag of the Olympic Council of Asia was officially handed over to the mayor of the city of Ashgabat.
Garstin Bastion Road, New Delhi
Garstin Bastion Road, also called G.B. Road (officially renamed Swami Shradhanand Marg in 1966) is a road running from Ajmeri Gate to Lahori Gate in Delhi, India. It is the city's main red-light district. There are several hundred multi-storey brothels on the street, and there are estimated to be over 1,000 sex workers.

Shraddhanand
Shraddhanand (22 February 1856 – 23 December 1926), born Munshi Ram, was an Indian independence activist and Arya Samaj sannyasi who propagated the teachings of Dayananda Saraswati. This included the establishment of educational institutions, like the Gurukul Kangri University, and played a key role on the Sangathan (consolidation and organization) and the Shuddhi (purification), a Hindu reform movement in the 1920s.
Sheedy v Information Commissioner
Barney Sheedy v The Information Commissioner, [2005] IESC 35; [2005] 2 IR 272 is an Irish Supreme Court case where Mr Barney Sheedy appealed against a High Court decision to not overturn a promise made by the Information Commissioner to grant access to redacted versions of certain reports of The Irish Times newspaper. The appellant argued that the High Court judge misdirected himself in law and was wrong in his interpretation of the Education Act 1998 and of the Freedom of Information Act 1997. This was the first opportunity for the Supreme Court to interpret The Freedom of Information Act.

The main legal question to be answered was whether  the court should grant the Department of Education to release school reports pursuant to Freedom of Information Act 1998, despite concerns that this might give rise to the production of school league tables which is contrary to the Education Act 1998.

Information commissioner
The role of information commissioner differs from nation to nation.  Most commonly it is a title given to a government regulator in the fields of freedom of information and the protection of personal data in the widest sense. The office often functions as a specialist ombudsman service.
Barkers
Barkers, or Barkers Mens Clothing, is a New Zealand menswear fashion brand and retail chain. It has 34 stores around the country, including 13 in Auckland. It was established in Auckland CBD in 1972, and is headquartered in Grafton, Auckland. The chain sells a range of men's clothing, including shirts, knitwear, pants, jeans, sweatshirts, jackets and coats, blazers, t-shirts, shorts, polo shirts, socks, ties and belts.

Max Fashion, a New Zealand women's clothing retail chain, is a subsidiary of Barkers. It has 33 stores around the country, including 12 in Auckland. The chain sells dresses, tops, knitwear, jackets, coats, pants, skirts, singlets, sleepwear and swimwear.

Nightwear
Nightwear – also called sleepwear, or nightclothes – is clothing designed to be worn while sleeping. The style of nightwear worn may vary with the seasons, with warmer styles being worn in colder conditions and vice versa. Some styles or materials are selected to be visually appealing or erotic in addition to their functional purposes.
International Symposium on Fundamentals of Computation Theory
FCT, the International Symposia on Fundamentals of Computation Theory is a biennial series of conferences in the field of theoretical computer science. It was established in 1977 for researchers interested in all aspects of theoretical computer science, particularly algorithms, computational complexity, and formal and logical methods. FCT was previously held at the following institutions.

Formal methods
In computer science, formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, analysis, and verification of software and hardware systems. The use of formal methods for software and hardware design is motivated by the expectation that, as in other engineering disciplines, performing appropriate mathematical analysis can contribute to the reliability and robustness of a design.

Formal methods employ a variety of theoretical computer science fundamentals, including logic calculi, formal languages, automata theory, control theory, program semantics, type systems, and type theory.
Chernomor horse
The Chernomor (Russian: черномор) is a Russian breed of saddle horse originating from the Krasnodar Krai and Rostov Oblast, near the Black Sea in Russia. The Chernomor was originally bred from crosses between the mounts of Zaporozhian Cossacks and Kazakh nomads in the late 18th century. The breed was then influenced by crosses with various saddle horses, such as the Russian Don and the Karabakh. After the World War I, Chernomor breeding was weakened and merged with that of the Budyonny breed.

The Chernomor is a calm, sturdy, medium-sized saddle horse that exists in three types more or less influenced by crossbreeding. The breed is now considered very rare, if not extinct in its original form due to too many crosses.

Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast (Russian: Росто́вская о́бласть, romanized: Rostovskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of 100,967 square kilometers (38,984 sq mi) and a population of 4,200,729 (2021 Census), making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002.
Francis Giacco
Francis Giacco (born 1955) is an Australian artist who won the Archibald Prize in 1994 with Homage to John Reichard. Giacco has a Bachelor of Architecture from the UNSW and is a longtime teacher at the Julian Ashton Art School, The Rocks, Sydney. His classes are characterized by a structured and logical approach to the tradition of classical drawing and painting techniques.

He had been a finalist the previous year, with his portrait of SBS newsreader, Lee Lin Chin

In 2014 he won the Percival Portrait Painting Prize, with a portrait of Charles Blackman.

Lee Lin Chin
Lee Lin Chin (born 1953) is an Indonesian-born Australian television, radio presenter and journalist. She is best known for her association with the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) network, and presented SBS World News on weekends.

Lee Lin has been a news presenter and journalist since the late 1960s and has become popular throughout social media.

In 2016, she was nominated for the Gold Logie becoming the first SBS personality to be nominated for the award in the station's 36-year run.
Lightning Raiders (film)
Lightning Raiders is a 1946 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Elmer Clifton. The film stars Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Mady Lawrence, Henry Hall, Steve Darrell, I. Stanford Jolley, Karl Hackett and Roy Brent. The film was released on January 7, 1946, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

Sam Newfield
Sam Newfield (born Samuel Neufeld; December 6, 1899 – November 10, 1964), also known as Sherman Scott or Peter Stewart, was an American film director. He directed over 250 feature films from the silent era until 1958. He also directed one- and two-reel comedy shorts, training films, industrial films and TV episodes. He would sometimes direct more than 20 films in a single year—he has been called the most prolific director of the sound era.

Many of Newfield's films were made for PRC Pictures, a film production company headed by his brother Sigmund Neufeld. The films PRC produced were low-budget productions, the majority being westerns, with occasional horror films or crime drama.
Chełmce, Łódź Voivodeship
Chełmce [ˈxɛu̯mt͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kowiesy, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Kowiesy, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Skierniewice, and 63 km (39 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Skierniewice County
Skierniewice County (Polish: powiat skierniewicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Skierniewice, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county); there are no towns within the county.

The county covers an area of 756.12 square kilometres (291.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 37,779.
Fylgja
In Nordic folklore and mythology, a fylgja (Old Norse: [ˈfylɡjɑ], Old Swedish: fylghia, older Dalecarlian: fylgja) is a supernatural being or spirit which accompanies a person in connection to their fate or fortune. They can appear to people in their sleep as dream-women, or appear to them while awake, often in the disembodied spiritual form of an enemy.

Else Mundal
Else Olaug Mundal (born 8 November 1944) is a Norwegian philologist.

She was born in Vanylven Municipality and graduated with the cand.philol. degree in 1971. She was appointed as a docent in Norse philology at the University of Oslo in 1977. Being promoted to professor in 1985, she was a professor at the University of Bergen from 1994. She is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.  In 2017 she was appointed a knight of the Icelandic Order of the Falcon in connection with the state visit of Iceland's president to Norway.