hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anna Volkova
Anna Feodorovna Volkova (Russian: Анна Федоровна Волкова; died 1876) was a Russian chemist known for her work in organic chemistry. Volkova was the first chemist to prepare pure ortho-toluene sulfonic acid, its acyl chloride, and its amide (1870). She was also the first chemist to synthesize para-tricresyl phosphate from para-cresol, a component of plasticizer. Volkova was the first woman to receive a diploma in chemistry (1870), the first woman in the world to publish scientific work in chemistry, and the first woman to be a member of the Russian Chemical Society.

Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula R−C(=O)−NR′R″, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) with the hydroxyl group (−OH) replaced by an amino group (−NR′R″); or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group (R−C(=O)−) joined to an amino group.

Common amides are formamide (H−C(=O)−NH2), acetamide (H3C−C(=O)−NH2), benzamide (C6H5−C(=O)−NH2), and dimethylformamide (H−C(=O)−N(−CH3)2).

Amides are qualified as primary, secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom.
Ordinary referendum
An ordinary referendum in Ireland is a referendum on a bill other than a bill to amend the Constitution. The Constitution prescribes the process in Articles 27 ("Reference of Bills to the People") and 47 ("The Referendum"). Whereas a constitutional referendum is mandatory for a constitutional amendment bill, an ordinary referendum occurs only if the bill "contains a proposal of such national importance that the will of the people thereon ought to be ascertained". This is decided at the discretion of the President, after a petition by Oireachtas members including a majority of Senators. No such petition has ever been presented, and thus no ordinary referendum has ever been held.

Mandate (politics)
In representative democracies, a mandate is a perceived legitimacy to rule through popular support. Mandates are conveyed through elections, in which voters choose political parties and candidates based on their own policy preferences. The election results are then interpreted to determine which policies are popularly supported. A majority government provides a clear mandate, while plurality or coalition government suggests a lesser mandate, requiring greater compromise between parties. Parties with strong mandates are free to implement their preferred policies with the understanding that they are supported by the people. When no mandate exists for a single party, the median voter may be used to determine what policies have a mandate for implementation. The modern concept of a political mandate first developed around the 16th century and became a prominent aspect of politics after the French Revolution.
Ulmus americana 'Penn Treaty'
The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Penn Treaty' was raised by the Plant Sciences Data Center of the American Horticultural Society. Plants under that name were propagated by the Morris Arboretum, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, from grafts made in 1945 from a tree at Haverford College, itself a graft, planted in 1840, from the Shackamaxon Treaty Elm – the tree under which William Penn signed his treaty with Native Americans in 1682 (felled by a storm in 1810) in what was later named Penn Treaty Park, Kensington, Pa.

Morris Arboretum
The Morris Arboretum & Gardens of the University of Pennsylvania (37 ha / 92 acres) is the official arboretum of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The Arboretum is open daily except for major holidays. It is located at 100 East Northwestern Avenue, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1971 LPGA Tour
The 1971 LPGA Tour was the 22nd season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from February 18 to October 17. The season consisted of 20 official money events. Kathy Whitworth won the most tournaments, five. She also led the money list with earnings of $41,181.

The season saw the first $10,000 first prize at the Sears Women's World Classic won by Ruth Jessen. There were four first-time winners in 1971: Pam Barnett, Jan Ferraris, Pam Higgins, and Sandra Palmer.

The tournament results and award winners are listed below.

Sandra Palmer (golfer)
Sandra Palmer (born March 10, 1943) is an American professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1964 and won 19 LPGA Tour events, including two major championships, during her career. She was elected to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2023 and was inducted in 2024.
Angel Jackson
Angel Jackson (born February 14, 2001) is an American professional basketball player who is a free agent. She was selected by the Las Vegas Aces in the 2024 WNBA draft after playing college basketball at USC and Jackson State. In high school, she played for Salesian College Preparatory in Richmond, California. Jackson was named SWAC Defense Player of the Year both years she attended. On April 15, 2024, Jackson became the second HBCU player to be drafted in the last 20 years, joining Meshya Williams-Holliday, drafted in the 2022 WNBA draft.

2022 WNBA draft
The 2022 WNBA Draft, the WNBA's draft for the 2022 WNBA season, was held on April 11, 2022, in New York City and aired live on ESPN in the United States and on TSN1/4 in Canada at 7:00 p.m. EDT.  The draft was the 27th in WNBA history.
2017 World Series Formula V8 3.5
The 2017 World Series Formula V8 3.5 was a multi-event motor racing championship for open wheel, formula racing cars held across Europe, was the second and final season of the Formula V8 3.5 Series The championship features drivers competing in World Series Formula 3.5 V8 formula race cars that conform to the technical regulations for the championship. The 2017 became the first season as feeder series to FIA World Endurance Championship. The season also marked the return of the name "World Series" after one season, as the FIA accepted the request from promoter RPM Racing. The name "World Series" was retrieved from the championship after Renault Sport withdraw its support and the Formula Renault 3.5 became Formula V8 3.5 for the 2016 season. It was the final season of the series which was promoted by RPM-MKTG since 1998.

World Series Formula V8 3.5
The World Series Formula V8 3.5, formerly the World Series by Nissan from 1998 to 2004, the Formula Renault 3.5 Series from 2005 to 2015 and the Formula V8 3.5 in 2016 and 2017, was a motor racing series promoted by RPM Racing (1998–2004) and Renault Sport (2005–2015).
The Tokyo Showdown
The Tokyo Showdown is the first live album by Swedish heavy metal band In Flames. It was recorded during their Japanese tour in 2000 at their show in Tokyo. During their performance of "Scorn" they incorporated the opening riffs of Slayer's "Raining Blood".

The album title was inspired by the action film Showdown in Little Tokyo.

Showdown in Little Tokyo
Showdown in Little Tokyo is a 1991 American buddy cop action film directed by Mark L. Lester and starring Dolph Lundgren and Brandon Lee; it was Lee's first American film role. The film was released in the United States on August 23, 1991, to poor reviews and was a financial failure. It gained a cult following among action fans especially for the chemistry between Lundgren and Lee.
Roger Greenawalt
Roger McEvoy Greenawalt is an American record producer and musician, known for carrying a ukulele at all times everywhere he goes. Greenawalt has worked with Iggy Pop, Rufus Wainwright, Nils Lofgren, The Pierces, Ben Kweller, Ric Ocasek, Branford Marsalis, Joe Strummer, Philip Glass and many others.  A story on Greenawalt's discovery of Kweller appeared in The New Yorker on April 7, 1997.

Geffen Records
Geffen Records (formerly The David Geffen Company from 1980 to 1992 and Geffen Records Inc. from 1993 to 2004) is an American record label owned by Interscope Geffen A&M (IGA), a division of the Interscope Capitol Labels Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded in 1980 by David Geffen, as a music subsidiary of his then film company Geffen Pictures, with financial and distribution support from Warner Bros. Records.

In 1990, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment, which later became part of Universal Music Group (UMG) through acquisitions by Panasonic and Seagram. Since its merger into the Interscope Geffen A&M group in 1999, Geffen has served as a syndicate label within Interscope Records, expanding its catalog through the absorption of other imprints. It has operated as a key platform for new releases, especially following its 2003 expansion and 2017 relaunch. As of 2024, Geffen is part of Universal Music Group's Interscope Capitol Labels Group.
Sulików, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Sulików [suˈlikuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radków, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north of Radków, 13 km (8 mi) south of Włoszczowa, and 48 km (30 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Włoszczowa
Włoszczowa [vwɔˈʂt͡ʂɔva] ⓘ is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Kielce. It is the capital of Włoszczowa County. Population is 10,657 (2010). Włoszczowa lies in historic Lesser Poland. The town has the area of 30 km2 (12 sq mi) (11 sq miles).
Sudz Sutherland
David "Sudz" Sutherland is a Canadian film director and screenwriter. His credits include the films Doomstown, Love, Sex and Eating the Bones, Guns, Speakers for the Dead and Home Again, as well as episodes of Drop the Beat, Da Kink in My Hair, Degrassi: The Next Generation, Wild Roses, Jozi-H, Reign, She's the Mayor, Designated Survivor, Shoot the Messenger, Murdoch Mysteries, Frankie Drake Mysteries, Batwoman and Superman & Lois.

He is married to screenwriter and producer Jennifer Holness, his partner in Hungry Eyes Film & Television.

Wild Roses (TV series)
Wild Roses is a Canadian television drama series, which aired from January 6 to March 31, 2009 on CBC Television. Originally titled Cowgirls, CBC requested the change to Wild Roses after testing the title. The show was officially cancelled by the CBC on April 22, 2009, after only one season.
Kirill Molchanov
Kirill Vladimirovich Molchanov (Russian: Кирилл Владимирович Молчанов; 7 September 1922 – 14 March 1982) was a Russian and Soviet composer.

He was appointed director of the Bolshoi, at the time political disfavour had fallen on the lead soprano Galina Vishnevskaya.

His works are in the Social Realist romantic tradition and were not warmly received when performed abroad.

Galina Vishnevskaya
Galina Pavlovna Vishnevskaya (Russian: Галина Павловна Вишневская, née Ivanova, Иванова; 25 October 1926 – 11 December 2012) was a Russian soprano opera singer and recitalist who was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1966. She was the wife of cellist Mstislav Rostropovich, and mother to their two daughters, Olga and Elena Rostropovich.
STANKIN
The Moscow State University of Technology (Russian: Московский Государственный Технологический Университет), commonly known as STANKIN (Станкин), is a state technical university in Moscow, Russia. It was founded as Moscow Machine and Tool Institute (Московский станкоинструментальный институт) in 1930. Today STANKIN trains specialists in machinery, robotics, CNC's, electronics, automation and control systems, economics of enterprises, informatics and measurement systems.

System of units of measurement
A system of units of measurement, also known as a system of units or system of measurement, is a collection of units of measurement and rules relating them to each other. Systems of measurement have historically been important, regulated and defined for the purposes of science and commerce. Instances in use include the International System of Units or SI (the modern form of the metric system), the British imperial system, and the United States customary system.
Alpine skiing at the 1968 Winter Olympics – Men's slalom
The Men's slalom competition of the Grenoble 1968 Olympics was held at Chamrousse.

The defending world champion was Carlo Senoner of Italy, while France's Jean-Claude Killy was the defending World Cup slalom champion and Switzerland's Dumeng Giovanoli was the leader of the 1968 World Cup.

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966
The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 were held in South America from 4 to 14 August at Portillo, Chile.

It remains the only alpine world championships contested in the Southern Hemisphere. It took place well out of the established season, nearly five months before the first World Cup season, which began in early January 1967.

Assignment came at the FIS-Congress at Athens in May 1963, but West Germany, Switzerland, and Austria voted against.

The French team won seven of the eight individual titles, seven silver medals, and two bronze to garner sixteen of the 24 medals.
Wendel's theorem
In geometric probability theory, Wendel's theorem, named after James G. Wendel, gives the probability that N points distributed uniformly at random on an -dimensional hypersphere all lie on the same "half" of the hypersphere.  In other words, one seeks the probability that there is some half-space with the origin on its boundary that contains all N points.  Wendel's theorem says that the probability is

The statement is equivalent to  being the probability that the origin is not contained in the convex hull of the N points and holds for any probability distribution on Rn that is symmetric around the origin. In particular this includes all distribution which are rotationally invariant around the origin.

This is essentially a probabilistic restatement of Schläfli's theorem that  hyperplanes in general position in  divides it into  regions.

Ludwig Schläfli
Ludwig Schläfli (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈluːdvɪɡ ˈʃlɛːfli]; 15 January 1814 – 20 March 1895) was a Swiss mathematician, specialising in geometry and complex analysis (at the time called function theory) who was one of the key figures in developing the notion of higher-dimensional spaces.
Paul (album)
Paul is the sixth and third self-released studio album by American singer-songwriter PJ Morton. It was released on August 9, 2019, by Morton Records and Empire Records. Paul incorporates R&B styles with elements of soul music. The album is entirely produced by Morton himself and features guest appearances by Tobe Nwigwe, Jazmine Sullivan, Rapsody, JoJo and Angela Rye.

Paul received positive reviews from most music critics and peaked at #4 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Billboard charts. "Say So" scored Morton's first top-10 single on 'Billboard''s Adult R&B Songs chart.

Paul earned Morton three Grammy nominations for Best R&B Album, Best R&B Song and Best Traditional R&B Performance at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards.

Grammy Award for Best R&B Song
The Grammy Award for Best R&B Song (sometimes known as the R&B Songwriter's Award) has been awarded since 1969. From 1969 to 2000, it was known as the Grammy Award for Best Rhythm and Blues Song. Beyoncé has won it a record five times, while Babyface, Stevie Wonder, Bill Withers and Alicia Keys  have three wins each.

The award goes to the songwriter. If the winning song contains samples or interpolations of songs, the original songwriter and publisher can apply for a Winner’s Certificate. Only Stevie Wonder and SZA have won the award back to back. The performing artist does not receive an award unless they are also credited as a songwriter.

Years reflect the year in which the grammy Awards were presented, for music released in the previous year.
Majid-ul-Haq
Majid-ul-Haq (Bengali: মজিদ-উল-হক; 1926 – 25 March 2013) was a retired two star officer of Bangladesh Army and politician. Haque served as minister of several ministries under Ziaur Rahman and Khaleda Zia administrations.

Bangladesh Army
The Bangladesh Army (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ সেনাবাহিনী, romanized: Bāṅlādēś shēnābāhinī) is the principal land warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces responsible for defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the army is tasked with national defense, disaster response, and supporting civil authorities during emergencies. Established officially after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Army has since evolved into a professional, modern force engaged in peacekeeping missions under the United Nations as well as national security operations.

The Bangladesh Army is also constitutionally obligated to assist the government, during times of domestic or national emergencies. This additional role is commonly referred to as "aid to civil administration" or, using the Latin form, "Protectio, Transparentia, Reintegratio".
Barrett XM109
The Barrett XM109, originally known as the Objective Sniper Weapon (OSW) and now called the Anti-Materiel Payload Rifle (AMPR), is a prototype semi-automatic grenade launcher. It is chambered for 25 × 59 mm grenade rounds and was developed by Barrett Firearms Manufacturing. It was designed in accordance with a requirement set out in 1994, and is capable of defeating light armor and equipment out to 2 km (1.2 miles).

Grenade launcher
A grenade launcher is a weapon that fires a specially designed, large caliber projectile, often with an explosive, smoke, or gas warhead. Today, the term generally refers to a class of dedicated firearms firing unitary grenade cartridges - for example the widely used 40mm type. The most common type are man-portable, shoulder-fired weapons issued to individuals, although larger crew-served launchers are issued at higher levels of organization by military forces.

Grenade launchers are produced in the form of standalone weapons (either single shot or repeating) or as attachments mounted to a parent firearm, usually a rifle. Larger crew-served automatic grenade launchers such as the Mk 19 are mounted on tripods or vehicles.

Some armored fighting vehicles also mount fixed arrays of short-range, single-shot grenade launchers as a means of defense.
Kalemba
Kalemba is a surname with multiple origins. Notable people with this surname include:

Alinafe Kalemba (born 1967), Malawi Anglican bishop

Gérard Mulumba Kalemba (1937–2020), Congolese Catholic prelate

Pascal Kalemba (1979–2012), Congolese footballer

Stanisław Kalemba (born 1947), Polish politician

Zane Kalemba (born 1985), American ice hockey player

Alinafe Kalemba
Alinafe Kalemba (born 7 May 1967) is a Malawian Anglican bishop and academic administrator. Since 2013, he has been bishop of Southern Malawi in the Church of the Province of Central Africa. Prior this, he was principal of Leonard Kamungu Theological College, the first Anglican seminary in Malawi.
Pink flowers
Pink flowers are used as a symbol of love and awareness. For decades, pink flowers have been used to decorate weddings as a symbol of love. They can also be used as a display of love at funerals, as demonstrated at the funeral for Anna Nicole Smith.

More recently, pink flowers have come to symbolize breast cancer awareness.

They may also be used as an expression of thanks, or just enjoyed for their aesthetic beauty.

Azalea
Azaleas (/əˈzeɪliə/ ə-ZAY-lee-ə) are flowering  shrubs in the genus Rhododendron, particularly the former subgenera Tsutsusi (evergreen) and Pentanthera (deciduous). Azaleas bloom in the spring (April and May in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, and October and November in the Southern Hemisphere), their flowers often lasting several weeks. Shade tolerant, they prefer living near or under trees. They are part of the family Ericaceae.
Saw Bwe Hmu
Saw Bwe Hmu (Burmese: စောဘွဲ့မှူး; 19 October 1952 – 24 July 1994) was a co-founder and the band leader of the Burmese band Iron Cross and a well known songwriter. An ethnic Karen Christian, he served as the lead guitarist of the band. Other band members included Chit San Maung (guitar), Khin Maung Thant (bass), Banya Naing (keyboards) and Kha Yan (drums). Lay Phyu, Ah Nge, Myo Gyi and Y Wine were the key singers of that band and R Zarni soon joined the band later. Composers Maung Maung Zaw Latt and L Phyu freed it from its reliance on such popular American bands as Metallica and won it critical acclaim and a wide public. He played the guitar at Success and Symphony music bands before Iron Cross was founded. He composed songs for Kaiser. He was a music critic, writing under the pen name Zar Hlaing.

He died at the age of 39 on 24 July 1994. He was survived by wife and ex-keyboard player Naw Phaw War and 2 daughters, Mi Mi Khe and Kabya Bwe Hmu, both of whom are successful singers.

Ah Nge
Ah Nge (Burmese: အငဲ, born 28 December 1966) is a Burmese rock singer. He is one of the lead vocalists of the popular rock band Iron Cross. Ah Nge rose to fame with his debut album Wint Nyin Myar Nae Ka Khon Chin.
1928 NYU Violets football team
The 1928 NYU Violets football team was an American football team that represented New York University as an independent during the 1928 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Chick Meehan, the team compiled a 8–2 record. NYU back Ken Strong led the nation in scoring, on his way to garnering first-team All-American honors. The team was ranked No. 10 in the nation in the final Dickinson System ratings released in December 1928.

1928 college football season
The 1928 football season had both the USC Trojans and the Georgia Tech Golden Tornado claim national championships. USC was recognized as champions under the Dickinson System, but the Rose Bowl was contested between the No. 2 and No. 3 Dickinson-rated teams, California and Georgia Tech. The game was decided by a safety scored after Roy "Wrong Way" Riegels ran 65 yards in the wrong direction. Vance Maree blocked the ensuing punt which gave Georgia Tech a safety deciding the 8–7 win.

The Florida Gators led the nation in scoring as a team, led by its "Phantom Four" backfield, with 336 points. They were remembered by many sports commentators as the best Florida football team until at least the 1960s.  NYU halfback Ken Strong led the nation in scoring  as an individual, with 162 points, and tallied some 3,000 total yards from scrimmage.
Cape St. Francis (Newfoundland and Labrador)
The headland of Cape St. Francis is the outer extremity marking the boundary of Conception Bay on the Avalon Peninsula of the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  The International Maritime Organization also designates Cape St. Francis as the southern extremity of the Labrador Sea.

Avalon Peninsula
The Avalon Peninsula (French: Péninsule d'Avalon) is a large peninsula that makes up the southeast portion of the island of Newfoundland in Canada. It is 9,220.61 square kilometres (3,560.10 sq mi) in size.

The peninsula is home to 270,348 people, about 52% of  the province's population, according to the 2016 Canadian census. The peninsula is the location of St. John's, the provincial capital and largest city. It is connected to the main section of the island by the 5 km (3 mi) wide Isthmus of Avalon. The peninsula protrudes into the rich fishing zones near the Grand Banks. Its four major bays (Trinity Bay, Conception Bay, St. Mary's Bay and Placentia Bay) have long been the centre of Newfoundland's fishing industry.