hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Łagiewniki, Kielce County
Łagiewniki [waɡʲɛvˈniki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chmielnik, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Chmielnik and 32 km (20 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Chmielnik, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Chmielnik [ˈxmʲɛlɲik] is a town in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland. As of December 2021, it has a population of 3,557, and lies in historic Lesser Poland. The name of the town is derived from hop (Polish: chmiel).
Fiplingdal Church
Fiplingdal Church (Norwegian: Fiplingdal kirke) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Grane Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  It is located on the north side of the tiny village of Leiren on the north end of the lake Nedre Fiplingvatnet. It is an annex chapel for the Grane parish which is part of the Indre Helgeland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The red, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1946 to serve as a mission house. The church seats about 70 people.

The building was consecrated as a "chapel" on 6 December 1964. In 2012, the chapel was renovated and a new bathroom was completed. The chapel holds about 10 worship services there each year in additions to baptisms, confirmations, weddings, and funerals.

Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland
Sør-Hålogaland is a diocese in the Church of Norway. The Diocese covers the Lutheran Church of Norway churches located within Nordland county in Norway. The diocese is headquartered in the town of Bodø at Bodø Cathedral, the seat of bishop Svein Valle (since november 2023).  The diocese is divided into eight deaneries (prosti).
Hossam
Hossam or Hussam or Hosam or Husam (/ˈhɔːˈsɑːm/; Arabic: حسام) is an Arabic/Semitic male given name and surname. It means the sharp sword or a cutting blade. In some traditions it translates to "sword of justice" or "sword that divides justice and injustice". Notable people with the name include:
It is more commonly used in the Middle East.

Hossam Hassan
Hossam Hassan Hassanein Hassan (Egyptian Arabic: حسام حسن حسنين حسن; born 10 August 1966) is an Egyptian professional football manager and former player who played as a striker. He is currently the head coach of the Egypt national team. A prolific goal scorer, he is Egypt's all-time top scorer with 69 goals in 177 appearances. His twin brother Ibrahim also played professional football, and they shared teams for most of their extensive careers.

Hassan represented the national team in the 1990 FIFA World Cup and seven Africa Cup of Nations tournaments. He is regarded as one of the best players in African football history and is the 15th most capped player in men's international football. A prolific scorer, he is the 2nd in the list of the Egyptian Premier League's all-time top scorers. Hassan is considered one of his country's best players of all time.
James Brodie (botanist)
James Brodie of Brodie, 21st Thane and Chief of Clan Brodie, FRS FLS (31 August 1744 – 17 January 1824) was a Scottish politician and botanist. He was educated at Elgin Academy and St. Andrews University. He was returned to parliament in 1796 as MP for Elginshire, serving until 1807. He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Nairn.

As a botanist, Brodie specialised in cryptogamic flora, i.e. plants which reproduce by spores, such as algae, ferns and mosses. He discovered a number of new species both around Edinburgh and on his own property at Brodie. His collection is now held at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. He corresponded with other eminent botanists of his time, including Sir William Jackson Hooker and Sir James Edward Smith. Brodie was elected a Fellow of the Linnaean Society in 1795, and of the Royal Society in 1797. The genus Brodiaea is named in his honour.

He married Lady Margaret Duff, sister of James Duff, 2nd Earl Fife, and had two sons and two daughters.

Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) is a scientific centre for the study of plants, their diversity and conservation, as well as a popular tourist attraction. Founded in 1670 as a physic garden to grow medicinal plants, today it occupies four sites across Scotland—Edinburgh, Dawyck, Logan and Benmore—each with its own specialist collection. The RBGE's living collection consists of more than 13,302 plant species (34,422 accessions), whilst the herbarium contains in excess of 3 million preserved specimens.

The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government. The Edinburgh site is the main garden and the headquarters of the public body, which is led by Regius Keeper Dr Julia Knights.
Kiwalik River
The Kiwalik River (Iñupiaq: Kuugaaluk) is a stream on the Seward Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska. The headwaters of the river originate in the eastern portion of the peninsula, around Granite Mountain. The river flows north to its mouth at Kiwalik Lagoon, Chukchi Sea. The start of the 20th century mining town of Candle is found on its western bank at the confluence of Candle Creek. The ore minerals and materials found in the river basin are galena, gold, pyrite, scheelite, silver and sphalerite, and the primary commodities are tungsten, lead and zinc.

Sphalerite
Sphalerite is a sulfide mineral with the chemical formula (Zn, Fe)S. It is the most important ore of zinc. Sphalerite is found in a variety of deposit types, but it is primarily in sedimentary exhalative, Mississippi-Valley type, and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. It is found in association with galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite (and other sulfides), calcite, dolomite, quartz, rhodochrosite, and fluorite.

German geologist Ernst Friedrich Glocker discovered sphalerite in 1847, naming it based on the Greek word sphaleros, meaning "deceiving", due to the difficulty of identifying the mineral.

In addition to zinc, sphalerite is an ore of cadmium, gallium, germanium, and indium. Miners have been known to refer to sphalerite as zinc blende, black-jack, and ruby blende. Marmatite is an opaque black variety with a high iron content.
Timbuctoo (film)
Timbuctoo is a 1933 British comedy film, co-directed by Walter Summers and Arthur B. Woods for British International Pictures, and starring Henry Kendall and Margot Grahame.  Although BIP had a reputation for churning out films quickly and cheaply, in this case they allocated enough of a budget to finance location filming in Africa.

Arthur B. Woods
Arthur Bickerstaffe Woods (17 August 1904 – 8 February 1944) was an English film director with 27 credits between 1933 and 1940.  Woods' films were mainly quota quickies but were diverse in style, from light comedy and musicals to dark crime thrillers.  His most acclaimed film is 1938's They Drive by Night.  By the end of the 1930s Woods was gaining a reputation as one of Britain's most promising and versatile young directors, but put his career on hold to volunteer for war service in the Royal Air Force, the only British film director to do so.  He was killed while on active service in February 1944, leaving his potential largely unfulfilled.
Alongside Night (film)
Alongside Night is a 2014 political science-fiction film written, produced, directed, and edited by J. Neil Schulman, based on his 1979 novel. It stars Kevin Sorbo, Christian Kramme, Reid Cox, Jake Busey, Tim Russ, Garrett Wang, and Gary Graham.

The novel and film expound the principals of Agorism, a libertarian and anarcho-capitalist political ideology. The film was produced independently by several prominent libertarians, and premiered on July 14, 2014.

J. Neil Schulman
Joseph Neil Schulman (/ˈʃuːlmən/; April 16, 1953 – August 10, 2019) was an American novelist who wrote Alongside Night (published 1979) and The Rainbow Cadenza (published 1983) which both received the Prometheus Award, a libertarian science fiction award. His third novel, Escape from Heaven, was also a finalist for the 2002 Prometheus Award. His fourth and last novel, The Fractal Man, was a finalist for the 2019 Prometheus Award.
Les Benjamin
Leslie Gordon "Les" Benjamin (April 29, 1925 – June 16, 2003) was a Canadian politician who served in the House of Commons of Canada. Benjamin was first elected to the House of Commons in 1968 as a New Democratic Party MP from Saskatchewan. In parliament, as the NDP's Transport critic, he often clashed with Otto Lang over the Crow Rate that allowed subsidized rail transport for prairie farmers and was an opponent of deregulation. He retired from parliament in 1993.

When Ronald Reagan addressed the Parliament of Canada in 1987, Benjamin heckled him by crying "he's mad!".

Benjamin was of Welsh heritage with his father's family coming to Canada from the Rumney Valley.

Prior to entering politics, Benjamin worked variously as a railway station agent, telegrapher and secretary.

1968 Canadian federal election
The 1968 Canadian federal election was held on June 25, 1968, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 28th Parliament of Canada.

In April 1968, Prime Minister Lester Pearson of the Liberal Party resigned as party leader as a result of declining health and failing to win a majority government in two attempts. He was succeeded by his Minister of Justice and Attorney General Pierre Trudeau, who called an election immediately after becoming prime minister. Trudeau's charisma appealed to Canadian voters; his popularity became known as "Trudeaumania" and helped him win a comfortable majority. Robert Stanfield's Progressive Conservatives lost seats whereas the New Democratic Party's support stayed the same.
A Roman Orgy
A Roman Orgy (French: L'orgie romaine), also known as Heliogabalus (French: Héliogabale), is a 1911 French short historical drama film directed by Louis Feuillade for Société des Etablissements L. Gaumont. It features Jean Aymé as the lecherous Emperor Elagabalus (Heliogabalus) who sets a pride of lions on an unfortunate slave. It also stars Louise Lagrange, Luitz-Morat, Renée Carl, Edmond Bréon, and Léonce Perret. The film was released on 24 November 1911. The Dutch Film Museum has a copy of the film.

Gaumont
Gaumont SA (French: [ɡomɔ̃]) is a French film and television production and distribution company headquartered in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Founded by the engineer-turned-inventor Léon Gaumont (1864–1946) in 1895, it is the oldest extant film company in the world, established before other studios such as Pathé (founded in 1896), Titanus (1904), Nordisk Film (1906), Universal, Paramount, and Nikkatsu (all founded in 1912).

Gaumont predominantly produces, co-produces, and distributes films, and in 2011, 95% of Gaumont's consolidated revenues came from the film division. The company is also a producer of TV series through Gaumont Télévision and animation through Gaumont Animation as well as its existing French production features. Gaumont is run by Nicolas Seydoux (chairman) and Sidonie Dumas (CEO).
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences
The Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal published by Medknow Publications on behalf of the Indian Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. It covers research in pediatric neurology, neurosurgery, neuroimaging, and neuropathology.

Medknow Publications
Medknow Publications also known as Wolters Kluwer Medknow or simply Medknow, is a publisher of academic journals on behalf of learned societies and associations. Previously an independent Indian publisher, Medknow is now part of Wolters Kluwer's Health Division, under Wolters Kluwer India.

Medknow is not a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association. Some, but not all of its journals are listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals. The publisher briefly appeared on Beall's list in 2011, but was taken down, being described as "[a] publisher for many well-respected Indian professional societies and is disseminating abundant, high-quality research."
Just a Little Misunderstanding
"Just a Little Misunderstanding" (G7052) is a 1966 song by Motown Records R&B group The Contours on the company's Gordy subsidiary label. It was composed by Stevie Wonder, along with Motown staff songwriters Clarence Paul and Morris Broadnax. The song did not appear on any original Contours studio album. Paul and Motown A&R Director William "Mickey" Stevenson were the song's producers, and Wonder plays drums on the recording.

Clarence Paul
Clarence Otto Pauling (March 19, 1928 – May 6, 1995) better known and published as Clarence Paul, was an American songwriter and record producer who was best known for his career with Detroit's Motown Records.
2022 Generali Open Kitzbühel – Singles
Roberto Bautista Agut defeated Filip Misolic in the final, 6–2, 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 Generali Open Kitzbühel.

Casper Ruud was the reigning champion, but withdrew before the tournament.

Vít Kopřiva
Vít Kopřiva (born 15 June 1997) is a Czech professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 65 achieved on 23 February 2026 and a career-high doubles ranking of No. 261 achieved on 17 October 2022. He is currently the No. 5 Czech player in men's singles.
Kopřiva has won six ATP Challenger singles and two doubles titles.
Nick Hannah
Nick Hannah (born March 10, 1981) is an American former football linebacker. He was signed by the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Eastern Oregon.

Hannah was also a member of the Tri-Cities Fever, Amsterdam Admirals, BC Lions, Arizona Adrenaline, Toronto Argonauts, and California Redwoods.

Eastern Oregon University
Eastern Oregon University (EOU) (officially designated as Oregon’s Rural University) is a public university in La Grande, Oregon.  It was formerly part of the since dissolved Oregon University System. EOU was founded in 1929 as a teacher’s college. The university offers bachelor's and master's degrees. The school's athletic teams, the Mountaineers, are members of the Cascade and Frontier conferences of the NAIA.
Apagomera
Apagomera is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Apagomera aereiventris (Tippmann, 1960)

Apagomera bravoi Galileo & Martins, 2009

Apagomera jaguarari Galileo & Martins, 1998

Apagomera seclusa Lane, 1965

Apagomera tipitinga Galileo & Martins, 1998

Apagomera triangularis (Germar, 1824)

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
Tamjidillah II of Banjar
Tamjidillah II was the Sultan of Banjar who ruled from 1857 to 1859, succeeding his grandfather, Adam of Banjar. His reign was opposed by his brother, Hidayatullah II of Banjar, which then led to the Banjarmasin War. He is the last Sultan of Banjar in the Dutch version.

Banjarmasin War
The Banjarmasin War (also known as Bandjermasin War; Banjar: ڤراڠ بنجر, romanized: Perang Banjar, Dutch: Bandjermasinse Oorlog, or formally Expeditie naar de Zuider- en Oosterafdeling van Borneo) (1859–1863) was a war of succession in the Sultanate of Banjarmasin, as well as a colonial war for the restoration of Dutch authority in the eastern and southern section of Borneo.
Uch bey
An uç bey or uch bey (Ottoman Turkish: اوج بگ, romanized: uc beğ, lit. 'marcher lord') was the title given to semi-autonomous warrior chieftains during the Sultanate of Rum and the Rise of the Ottoman Empire. As leaders of akinji warrior bands, they played a leading role during the conquests of the Byzantine Empire and the other Christian states of the Balkans.

The term is analogous to Persian marzban or Western European margrave. Uch beys were proclaimed ghazis and as a rule were dervishes. After Michael VIII Palaiologos removed the akritai and the land grants through which they survived, many Byzantine renegades went over to Ottoman service

Rumelia's first uch bey was Lala Şahin Pasha, who conquered Edirne, Boruj, Plovdiv, and was later the beylerbey of the Rumelia Eyalet. Pasha Yiğit Bey was an uch bey from Skopje to the Serbian and Greek lands, advancing to Bosnia and the Morea. Ertuğrul, father of the first Ottoman Sultan Osman I, was uch bey of Söğüt.

Pronoia
The pronoia (pl. pronoiai; Greek: πρόνοια, meaning "care", "forethought" or "providence," from πρό 'before' and νόος 'mind') was a system of granting dedicated streams of state income to individuals and institutions in the late Byzantine Empire.  Beginning in the 11th century and continuing until the empire's fall in the 15th century, the system differed in significant ways from European feudalism of the same period.
OpenPlaG
openPlaG is a PHP based function graph plotter for use on websites. It was first released in April 2006. In June 2007 its source code was published under the GNU GPL license. PlaG is an abbreviation for Plot a Graph.

The current version 3.2 of openPlaG allows the display of up to three function graphs, their derivative and their integral. It can compute several different functions, with a focus on a large function variety and on probability functions. Settings for a graph can be saved and loaded. A substitution for a user-defined formula can be used. It has an instruction page, which explains the use of the plotter and the function syntax.

About 180 functions are predefined. These belong to the categories basic functions, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, non-differentiable functions, probability functions, special functions, programmable functions, iterations and fractals, differential and integral equations.

Iteration
Iteration means repeating a process to generate a (possibly unbounded) sequence of outcomes. Each repetition of the process is a single iteration, and the outcome of each iteration is the starting point of the next iteration.

In mathematics and computer science, iteration (along with the related technique of recursion) is a standard element of algorithms.
120th (City of Hamilton) Battalion, CEF
The 120th (City of Hamilton) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.  Based in Hamilton, Ontario, the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in that city and parts of Wentworth County.  After sailing to England in August 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 2nd Reserve Battalion (Central Ontario), CEF on January 20, 1917.  The 120th (City of Hamilton) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. George Douglas Fearman.

The 120th Battalion is perpetuated by The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment).

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Dominic Welsh
James Anthony Dominic Welsh (known professionally as D.J.A. Welsh, 29 August 1938 – 30 November 2023) was an English mathematician and professor of Oxford University's Mathematical Institute. He was an expert in matroid theory, the computational complexity of combinatorial enumeration problems, percolation theory, and cryptography.

Percolation theory
In statistical physics and mathematics, percolation theory describes the behavior of a network when nodes or links are added. This is a geometric type of phase transition, since at a critical fraction of addition the network of small, disconnected clusters merge into significantly larger connected, so-called spanning clusters. The applications of percolation theory to materials science and in many other disciplines are discussed here and in the articles Network theory and Percolation (cognitive psychology).
Inge Dick
Inge Dick (born 15 January 1941, in Vienna) is an Austrian photographer and painter, best known for her polaroid photography, her paintings in the classical modernism style, and her land art in the Mondsee region. A graduate of the University of Applied Arts Vienna, she is a member of the Zero artist group. Her works have been exhibited at the Lenbachhaus, the Museum im Kulturspeicher Würzburg, the Gartenpalais Liechtenstein, and she has been the recipient of the Theodor Körner Prize, the Kulturpreis des Landes Oberösterreich, the Peter C. Ruppert Prize for Concrete Art in Europe and the Heinrich Gleißner Prize.

Kulturpreis des Landes Oberösterreich
The Kulturpreis des Landes Oberösterreich (Culture Prize of the Province of Upper Austria) is awarded as a prize by the Province of Upper Austria. The prize is endowed with 7,500 euros and is awarded annually in several categories.
Mazzantini
Mazzantini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Mazzantini (born 1968), Italian footballer

Carlo Mazzantini (1925–2006), Italian writer

Elena Mazzantini (born 1874), Italian actress known as Daisy Sylvan

Giselda Volodi (born Giselda Mazzantini, 1959), Italian actress

Leonardo Mazzantini (born 1953), Italian racing cyclist

Margaret Mazzantini (born 1961), Italian writer and actress

Matteo Mazzantini (born 1976), Italian rugby union player

Margaret Mazzantini
Margaret Mazzantini (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmarɡaret mattsanˈtiːni]; born 27 October 1961) is an Italian-Irish writer and actress. She became a film, television and stage actor, but is best known as a writer. Mazzantini began her acting career in 1980 starring in the cult horror classic Antropophagus, she has also appeared in television and theatre. As a successful writer, her novels include Non ti muovere (Don't Move) which was adapted into the namesake film and is directed by her husband Sergio Castellitto and stars Penélope Cruz. Her career as a writer and actress has earned her several awards and nominations including Campiello Awards, a Golden Ticket Award, and a Goya Award.
Syncerus acoelotus
Syncerus acoelotus is an extinct species of bovid closely related to the Cape buffalo. It lived during the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene.

Fossils of this species were first found in the Olduvai Gorge in 1962, and it was described in 1978. S. acoelotus was larger than, and probably ancestral to, its living relative.

Early Pleistocene
The Early Pleistocene is an unofficial sub-epoch in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, representing the earliest division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period. It is currently estimated to span the time between 2.580 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago) and 0.773 ± 0.005 Ma. The term Early Pleistocene applies to both the Gelasian Age and the Calabrian Age.

While the Gelasian and the Calabrian have officially been defined by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) to effectively constitute the Early Pleistocene, the succeeding Chibanian and Tarantian ages have yet to be ratified. These proposed ages are unofficially termed the Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene respectively. The Chibanian provisionally spans time from 773 ka to 126 ka, and the Tarantian from then until the definitive end of the whole Pleistocene, c. 9700 BC in the 10th millennium BC.