hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sanga cattle
Sanga cattle is the collective name for indigenous cattle of some regions in Africa. They are sometimes identified as a subspecies with the scientific name Bos taurus africanus. Their history of domestication and their origins in relation to taurine cattle, zebu cattle (indicine), and native African varieties of the ancestral aurochs are a matter of debate. "African taurine", "sanga", "zenga", "sheko", "African indicine" are all sub-groups of Sanga cattle.

N'Dama
N'Dama is a breed of cattle from West Africa. Other names for them include Boenca or Boyenca (Guinea-Bissau), Fouta Jallon, Djallonké or Djallonké cattle, Fouta Longhorn, Fouta Malinke, Futa, Malinke, Mandingo (Liberia), and N'Dama Petite (Senegal). Originating in the Guinea highlands, they are also found in southern Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, the Gambia, Mali, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. They are trypanotolerant, allowing them to be kept in tsetse fly-infested areas. They also show superior resistance to ticks and the diseases they carry and to Haemonchus contortus stomach worms.

The Senepol breed of beef cattle developed on the Caribbean Island of St. Croix was long thought to originate from crosses between N'Dama cattle, imported in the late 19th century, and Red Poll cattle, but it is actually an admixed breed between a European taurina (Red Poll) and zebu.
Raspy river stingray
The raspy river stingray, mosaic stingray or arraia (Potamotrygon scobina) is a species of freshwater fish in the family Potamotrygonidae. This stingray is endemic to the Amazon basin in Brazil, where known from the Amazon–Pará River (Belém to near the confluence with the Putumayo River), the Madeira River basin, Uatumã River and lower Tocantins River.

It reaches up to 69 cm (2 ft 3 in) in disc width and 132.5 cm (4 ft 4.2 in) in total length. It is fairly common, but threatened by habitat loss. It is part of a group consisting of five allopatric Amazonian stingrays, the others being P. adamastor (Uraricoera River), P. amazona (Juruá, Jutaí and Rio Negro), P. garmani (mid to upper Tocantins River) and P. limai (Jamari River). These all have three angular cartilages (as opposed to the one or two seen in other species in the genus).

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
C/O Kaadhal
C/o Kaadhal (transl. Care of Love) is a 2021 Indian Tamil-language slice of life anthology film directed by debutant Hemambar Jasti and produced by Raja Shekar M., K. Jeevan and I B Karthikeyan. The cast features Deepan N, Karthik Rathnam, Vetri and Mumtaz Sorcar. The film was released on 12 February 2021.

Mumtaz Sorcar
Mumtaz Sorcar (born 15 September) is an Indian actress who works primarily in the Bengali cinema. She is the daughter of the magician PC Sorcar Junior and Joysri Sorcar. Her first major role was in the 2010 film 033. In addition to Bengali cinema industry, she has also starred in various roles in Bollywood and Tamil cinema.
Travis Bush
Travis Bush is an American football coach and former player. He is the first head football coach at University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV). Previously, he was the head football coach and athletic director at Canyon High School, a position he held from 2021 to 2022. Before that, he was the head football coach and athletic director at Seguin High School from 2016 to 2020 and was the offensive coordinator for the University of Houston under head coach Tony Levine.  While originally hired onto Levine's staff as running backs coach, Bush was promoted to the offensive coordinator position when his predecessor Mike Nesbitt resigned following Houston's first game of the 2012 season.

University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV) is a public research university with its main campus in Edinburg, Texas, United States, and multiple other campuses throughout the Rio Grande Valley. It is the southernmost member of the University of Texas System. The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley was created by the Texas legislature in 2013 after the consolidation of the University of Texas at Brownsville and the University of Texas–Pan American.

In the fall of 2025, the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley enrolled 35,812 students, making it the ninth-largest university in the state of Texas and the fourth-largest (student enrollment) academic institution in the University of Texas system. In 2018, UTRGV was also one of the largest universities in the U.S. to have a majority Hispanic student population; 89.2% of its students are Hispanic, virtually all of them Mexican Americans.

It was classified in 2020 among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Nimr (armored personnel carrier)
The Nimr (Arabic: نمر, romanized: Nimr, lit. 'Leopard') is a family of all-terrain military armored personnel carrier (APC) vehicles produced by NIMR Automotive LLC in the United Arab Emirates. Nimr is designed specifically for military operations in harsh climates.

Armoured personnel carrier
An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a broad type of armoured military vehicle designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat zones. Since World War I, APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world.

According to the definition in the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, an APC is "an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped to transport a combat infantry squad and which, as a rule, is armed with an integral or organic weapon of less than 20 millimetres calibre." Compared to infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), which are also used to carry infantry into battle, APCs have less armament and are not designed to provide direct fire support in battle. Infantry units that travel in APCs are known as mechanized infantry. Some militaries also make a distinction between infantry units that use APCs and infantry units that use IFVs, with the latter being known as armoured infantry.
Partition of Kosovo
The partition of Kosovo has been suggested as a solution to the Kosovo question between Serbia and Kosovo. A possible partition would be the division of Kosovo along ethnic lines, such as separating Serb majority North Kosovo, and possibly some enclaves in the south, from the rest of Albanian-dominated Kosovo. A partition was proposed several times, even before the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence, although the question has most recently been raised after the 2011–2013 North Kosovo crisis.

Kosovo Albanians
The Albanians of Kosovo (Albanian: Shqiptarët e Kosovës, pronounced [ʃcipˈtaɾət ɛ kɔˈsɔvəs]), commonly also called Kosovo Albanians, Kosovan Albanians or Kosovar Albanians,  are an ethnic Albanian population native to Kosovo and constitute the country's largest ethnic group. They belong to the Gheg dialectical sub-group of Albanians, because they speak Gheg Albanian. According to the 2024 national census by the ASK, Albanians comprise 91.8% of the population in Kosovo.
Aunac-sur-Charente
Aunac-sur-Charente (French pronunciation: [onak syʁ ʃaʁɑ̃t], literally Aunac on Charente) is a commune in the department of Charente, southwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Aunac (the seat), Bayers and Chenommet. On 1 January 2025, the former commune of Moutonneau was merged into Aunac-sur-Charente.

Charente
Charente (French: [ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ; Saintongese: Chérente; Occitan: Charanta [tʃaˈɾantɔ]) is a department in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It is named after the river Charente, the most important and longest river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited. In 2019, it had a population of 352,015.
IESO
The acronym IESO could refer to:

International Earth Science Olympiad, an annual competition for secondary school students.

Independent Electricity System Operator, the Crown corporation responsible for overseeing the bulk electrical system in Ontario, Canada.

International Earth Science Olympiad
The International Earth Science Olympiad (IESO), one of the thirteen International Science Olympiads, is an annual competition for secondary school students that tests their abilities in disciplines such as geology, meteorology, environmental science, and terrestrial astronomy. Students who are winners of the respective national competitions are invited to participate in the IESO, and all interested countries are encouraged to contribute to the IESO. The IESO is one of the only three International Science Olympiads (along with the International Linguistics Olympiad and International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics) to include an International Team Competition.

It is one of the major activities of the International Geoscience Education Organization that aims at raising student interest in and public awareness of Earth sciences, as well as to enhance Earth science learning of students.
Mercy Relief
Mercy Relief is a non-governmental humanitarian organisation based in Singapore. It was established in 2001 by Perdaus, a Malay-Muslim organization and became the first Muslim organisation in Singapore with a disaster humanitarian relief wing. The organization was officially launched on 12 May 2001 by Abdullah Tarmugi, then-Minister for Community Development and Sports and Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs. In September 2003, the organisation was strategically launched by then-Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Hsien Loong, as an independent charitable nongovernmental humanitarian organisation and conferred the Institute of Public Character (IPC) status.

Abdullah Tarmugi
Abdullah bin Tarmugi (born 25 August 1944) is a Singaporean former politician who served as Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs from 1993 to 2002 and Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore between 2002 and 2011. A member of the People's Action Party (PAP), Abdullah was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Siglap from 1984 to 2011.
Kazakh–Uzbek Wars (1503–1513)
Kazakh–Uzbek wars (1503–1513) (Wars with the Shaybanids of Transoxiana; Wars of the Kazakhs with Muhammad Shaybani Khan) were a series of military conflicts between the Kazakh Khanate and the Shaybanid Uzbek state from 1503 to 1513 (1510).

Bukhara
Bukhara (/bʊˈxɑːrə/ buu-KHAR-ə) is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents as of 1 January 2020. It is the capital of Bukhara Region.

The Bukhara region has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. Bukhara served as the capital of the Uzbek states such as the Khanate of Bukhara, the Emirate of Bukhara and later the Bukhara People’s Soviet Republic. It was the birthplace of the scholar Imam Bukhari. The city has been known as "Noble Bukhara" (Bukhārā-ye sharīf). Bukhara has about 140 architectural monuments. UNESCO has listed the historic center of Bukhara (which contains numerous mosques and madrasas) as a World Heritage Site.
Manfred II of Saluzzo
Manfred II (1140–1215) was the second marquess of Saluzzo from his father's death in 1175 to his own. He was the son of Manfred I and Eleanor. He placed the capital of the margravate definitively in Saluzzo.

He married Azalaïs of Montferrat (also Alasia, or Alice) before 1182, forming an alliance with one of the most powerful dynasties in northern Italy.

Manfred expanded the march and fought against the expansionism of the neighbouring counts of Savoy. After several minor skirmishes, the two principalities came to terms in 1213 and peace was established for the final two years of his life. Since his eldest son Boniface had predeceased him in 1212, he was succeeded by his grandson, Manfred III, under the regency of Azalaïs. She had to pay tribute on behalf of young Manfred, and for the next century, Saluzzo was a vassal of Savoy.

Counts and dukes of Savoy
The titles of the count of Savoy, and then duke of Savoy, are titles of nobility attached to the historical territory of Savoy. Since its creation, in the 11th century, the House of Savoy held the county, the ruler of which was originally styled "count," then later as "duke"; several of these rulers were called "king" at one point in history or another.

The County of Savoy was elevated to a duchy at the beginning of the 15th century, bringing together all the territories of the Savoyard state under  Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy.  In the 18th century, Victor Amadeus II annexed the Kingdom of Sardinia to the historical possessions of the Duchy, and from then on, the Savoyard dukes also held the title of Kings of Sardinia. The House of Savoy later went on to rule the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946 when the monarchy was abolished.

Victor Amadeus II was the longest reigning monarch of Savoy, followed by Charles Emmanuel I, and Charles III or Amadeus VIII.
USS Boston (1884)
The fifth USS Boston was a United States Navy protected cruiser and one of the first steel warships of the "New Navy" of the 1880s. In some references she is combined with Atlanta as the Atlanta class, in others as the Boston class.

Hotchkiss gun
The Hotchkiss gun can refer to different types of the Hotchkiss arms company starting in the late 19th century. It usually refers to the 1.65-inch (42 mm) light mountain gun. There were also  navy (37 & 47 mm) and  3-inch (76 mm) Hotchkiss guns. The 42 mm gun was intended to be mounted on a light carriage or packed on two mules to accompany a troop of cavalry or an army travelling in rough country.
2025 Thai political crisis
On 18 June 2025, a political crisis in Thailand arose when a phone call between then-Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra and  Cambodian senate president Hun Sen leaked amidst a major border conflict between the two kingdoms. The leak led the Bhumjaithai Party to withdraw from the governing coalition led by Paetongtarn and her Pheu Thai Party.

The resulting controversy and backlash led the Constitutional Court to suspend Paetongtarn from her official duties on 1 July, before fully removing her from office on 29 August. Due to the impasse created by the withdrawal of Bhumjaithai from the majority, the minority People's Party acted as kingmaker, supporting the former party's leader, Anutin Charnvirakul, to succeed the caretaker government.

2024 Thai Senate election
Senate elections were held in Thailand from 9 to 26 June 2024, the first of its kind under the 2017 Constitution. Under the Constitution, the transitional Senate of Thailand expired on 10 May 2024. Afterwards, with this election, the Senate became a 200-member body and have no power to elect Prime Ministers.

This was the first election to utilize the highly complex electoral system envisioned by the 2018 Organic Act on the Acquisition of Senators. Its members will be elected among the independent candidates, without participation from outside the candidate pool. The elections were already criticized for the complexity, secrecy and confusion of the voting system.
Mae Flexer
Mae Flexer is a member of the Connecticut State Senate representing the state's 29th district, which includes the towns of Brooklyn, Canterbury, Killingly, Mansfield, Putnam, Scotland, Thompson, and Windham. A Democrat, Flexer previously served three terms in the Connecticut House of Representatives representing the state's 44th assembly district.

Brooklyn, Connecticut
Brooklyn is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 8,450 at the 2020 census. The town center village is listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place. The district of East Brooklyn is listed as a separate census-designated place.
Smyków, Gmina Raków
Smyków [ˈsmɨkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Raków, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) west of Raków and 28 km (17 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
Hah Myung-joong
Hah Myung-joong (Korean: 하명중; born May 14, 1947) is a South Korean actor, film director, producer, planner, and screenwriter. Hah started his career as an actor, but expanded his career to film directing, and film producing. Hah graduated from Kyung Hee University with a major in English literature. His brother Ha Gil-jong was a film director. His 1985 film Daengbyeot was entered into the 35th Berlin International Film Festival.

35th Berlin International Film Festival
The 35th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 15 to 26 February 1985. The retrospective was dedicated to Special effects.

The Golden Bear was jointly awarded to The Woman and the Strangler directed by Rainer Simon and Wetherby directed by David Hare.
Hog Island (Oregon)
Hog Island, also known as Oak Island, is an island in the Willamette River in Clackamas County, Oregon. It is located within the boundaries of the census-designated place of Oak Grove.

Hog Island is owned by Clackamas County and maintained by a nonprofit group known as Willamette Riverkeeper. It is accessible by boat. The island's native plants include Oregon White Oak, Douglas Fir, Oregon grape, Snowberry, and Camas.

Douglas fir
The Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is an evergreen conifer species in the pine family, Pinaceae. It is the tallest tree in the Pinaceae family.  It is native to western North America and is also known as Douglas-fir, Douglas spruce, Oregon pine, and Columbian pine. There are three varieties: coast Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. menziesii), Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. glauca) and Mexican Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. lindleyana).

Despite its common names, it is not a true fir (genus Abies), spruce (genus Picea), or pine (genus Pinus). It is also not a hemlock (genus Tsuga); the genus name Pseudotsuga means "false hemlock".
H. Montagu Allan
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Hugh Andrew Montagu Allan, CVO (October 13, 1860 – September 26, 1951) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He was the principal heir of his father, Sir Hugh Allan, and became deputy chairman of the family-owned Allan Steamship Line. He was president of several major Canadian financial institutions and of the Montreal General Hospital. He co-founded and was president of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Montreal. In 1940, he and his wife donated their Montreal home, Ravenscrag, to the McGill University Faculty of Medicine, and it became known as the Allan Memorial Institute. He is best remembered as a sportsman who donated the Allan Cup, a trophy that is still awarded today to the Canadian men's amateur ice hockey champions.

McGill Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
The McGill Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences is one of the constituent faculties of McGill University. It was established in 1829 after the Montreal Medical Institution was incorporated into McGill College as the college's first faculty; it was the first medical faculty to be established in Canada. The Faculty awarded McGill’s first degree, and Canada’s first medical degree, to William Leslie Logie in 1833.”

There have been at least two Nobel Prize laureates who have completed their entire education at McGill University including MD at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences including Andrew Schally (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977) and David H. Hubel (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981).
Brian Martin (luger)
Brian Martin (born January 19, 1974) is an American luger who competed from 1990 to 2010. Competing in four Winter Olympics, he won two medals in the men's doubles event with a silver in 2002 and a bronze in 1998. He was born in Palo Alto, California.

Martin also won nine medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with two silvers (Mixed team: 2004, 2005) and seven bronzes (Men's doubles: 1999, 2000, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009; Mixed team: 2001).

Martin won the overall Luge World Cup men's doubles title three times (1997–98, 1998–99, 2002–03).

He announced his retirement on 17 March 2010.

Martin graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 2014.

FIL World Luge Championships 1999
The FIL World Luge Championships 1999 took place in Königssee, Germany for a record fifth time. Königssee had hosted the event previously in 1969, 1970, 1974, and 1979. The team event was modified to one each for men's doubles, men's singles, and women's singles starting at these championships which reduced the number of competitors per team from six to four.
Tlauh
Tlauh is a small town and rural commune in Rehamna Province of the Marrakesh-Safi region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 9907 people living in 1529 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Alexander Toradze
Alexander Davidovich "Lexo" Toradze (Georgian: ალექსანდრე თორაძე Aleksandre Toradze; May 30, 1952 – May 11, 2022) was a Georgian-born American pianist, best known for his classical Russian repertoire, with a career spanning over three decades. He regularly appeared as soloist with many of the world's major orchestras, including the Berlin Philharmonic, the Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic, the Cleveland Orchestra, and the London Philharmonic Orchestra. He was a professor of piano at Indiana University South Bend from 1991 to 2017.

Russian classical music
Russian classical music is a genre of classical music related to Russia's culture, people, or character. The 19th-century romantic period saw the largest development of this genre, with the emergence in particular of The Five, a group of composers associated with Mily Balakirev, and of the more German style of Pyotr Tchaikovsky.