hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
L-163,491
L-163,491 is an experimental drug which acts as a partial agonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1, and with lower affinity as an agonist of angiotensin II receptor type 2, mimicking the action of angiotensin II. Its practical applications to date have been limited to scientific research into the function of the angiotensin receptor system, but it has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation of the lungs associated with certain viral diseases such as COVID-19.

Angiotensin
Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. It is part of the renin–angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure. Angiotensin also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex to promote sodium retention by the kidneys.

An oligopeptide, angiotensin is a hormone and a dipsogen. It is derived from the precursor molecule angiotensinogen, a serum globulin produced in the liver. Angiotensin was isolated in the late 1930s (first named "angiotonin" or "hypertensin", later renamed "angiotensin" as a consensus by the 2 groups that independently discovered it) and subsequently characterized and synthesized by groups at the Cleveland Clinic and Ciba laboratories.
William Barber (Warwickshire cricketer)
William Henry Barber (23 July 1906 – 14 January 1981) was an English cricketer active from 1927 to 1933 who played for Warwickshire. He was born in Nuneaton and died in Coventry. He appeared in five first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm fast-medium pace. He scored 71 runs with a highest score of 23. He took seven wickets with a best analysis of three for 81.

Wicket
In the sport of cricket, the term wicket has several meanings:

It is either of the two sets of three stumps and two bails at each end of the pitch. The fielding team's players can hit the wicket with the ball in a number of ways to get a batter out. 
The wicket is guarded by a batter who, with their bat (and sometimes with their pads, but see the laws on LBW, leg before wicket), attempts to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket (if it does, they may be bowled) and to score runs where possible.

Through metonymic usage, the dismissal of a batter is known as the taking of a wicket.

The cricket pitch itself is sometimes referred to as the wicket.
Kasthuri (magazine)
Kasthuri or Kasturi is a major Kannada monthly family magazine published in Karnataka, India, with headquarters in Bengaluru, Karnataka. It is also published in Mangaluru, Gulbarga, Davangere, and Hubli.

Kasthuri covers topics like society, Kannada poetry, science fiction, spirituality, health, travel, technology, cookery, book review, beauty. It publishes a large number of editorial cartoon, on politics and society.

The magazine is subscribed to by educational institutions such as Tumkur University, JSS College of Arts, Commerce & Science, Kuvempu University, Mysore University, Mangalore University, and Gulbarga University etc.

Tumkur University
Tumkur University was established in 2004 in Tumkuru, Karnataka, India. It was carved out of Bangalore University to accommodate the needs of the students from Tumkuru district. Established under the Karnataka State Universities Act, 2000, as a multi-faculty university, it has 12 postgraduate departments, 2 constituent colleges and 94 affiliated colleges. It established 29 research centres to promote advanced multi-disciplinary research and academic collaborations. In 2012, the university was recognized under section 12(b) of the UGC Act, 1956. In the same year, the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), an inter-university council of the UGC, accredited the university with "B" Grade in the three-grade rating scale.
Micronization
Micronization is the process of reducing the average diameter of a solid material's particles. Traditional techniques for micronization focus on mechanical means, such as milling and grinding. Modern techniques make use of the properties of supercritical fluids and manipulate the principles of solubility.

The term micronization usually refers to the reduction of average particle diameters to the micrometer range, but can also describe further reduction to the nanometer scale. Common applications include the production of active chemical ingredients, foodstuff ingredients, and pharmaceuticals. These chemicals need to be micronized to increase efficacy.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
Women in warfare (1500–1699)
Women have played a leading role in active warfare. The following is a list of prominent women in war and their exploits from about 1500 up to about 1699.

Only women active in direct warfare, such as warriors, spies, and women who actively led armies are included in this list.

For women in warfare in what is now the United States during this time period, see Timeline of women in war in the United States, pre-1945.

Siege of Osaka
The siege of Osaka (大坂の役, Ōsaka no Eki; or, more commonly, 大坂の陣 Ōsaka no Jin) was a series of battles undertaken by the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate against the Toyotomi clan, and ending in that clan's destruction. Divided into two stages, the winter campaign and the summer campaign, it lasted from 1614 to 1615. The siege put an end to the last major armed opposition to the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate. The end of the conflict is sometimes called the Genna Armistice (元和偃武, Genna Enbu), because the era name was changed from Keichō to Genna immediately following the siege.
Hunting in Australia
Australia has a population of about 26 million of which there are 640,000 recreational hunters. There are around 6 million legally owned guns in Australia, ranging from airguns to single-shot, bolt-action, pump-action, bows, lever-action or semi-automatic firearms.

Lever action
A lever action is a type of action for repeating firearms that uses a manually operated cocking handle located around the trigger guard area (often incorporating it) that pivots forward to move the bolt via internal linkages, which will feed and extract cartridges into and out of the chamber, and cock the firing pin mechanism. This contrasts to other type of repeating actions such as the bolt-action, pump-action, semi-automatic, fully automatic, and/or burst mode actions. A firearm using this operating mechanism is colloquially referred to as a levergun.

Most lever-action firearms are rifles, but some lever-action shotguns and a few pistols have been made. The Winchester Model 1873 rifle is one of the most famous lever-action firearms, but many manufacturers (notably Henry Repeating Arms and Marlin Firearms) also produce lever-action rifles. Colt produced the 6403 lever-action Colt-Burgess rifles from 1883 until 1885 and Mossberg formerly produced the Model 464 rifle.
Carleton Place High School
Carleton Place High School is a high school serving the town of Carleton Place, in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It is a member of the Upper Canada District School Board, and draws pupils from Carleton Place and the surrounding Lanark County area.

There is increasing diversity in Carleton Place High School as the result of an expanded international student base. In recent years CPHS has hosted students from China, Japan, Italy, Brazil, Switzerland, and South Korea.

Lanark County
Lanark County is a county and census division located in the Canadian province of Ontario. Its county seat is Perth, which was first settled in 1816 and was known as a social and political capital before being overshadowed by a city known today as Ottawa.

Most European settlements of the county began in 1816, when Drummond, Beckwith and Bathurst townships were named and initially surveyed. The first farm north of the Rideau was cleared and settled somewhat earlier, in 1790. The county took its name from the town of Lanark in Scotland. Nearly all the townships were named after British public and military figures from the era of early settlement.
Larakaraka
Larakaraka is a traditional courtship dance that originated from the Acholi people of Uganda. This dance, among the more than 50 Acholi dances, holds significant importance and is typically performed on special occasions, particularly weddings and communal festivities. Serving as a romantic display of artistry and physical prowess, vibrant display of dance skill, and cultural expression. Larakaraka enables young men to exhibit their dancing skills, vitality, and agility, all with the intention of attracting a potential life partner.

Wedding
A wedding is a ceremony in which two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnicities, races, religions, denominations, countries, social classes, and sexual orientations. Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of marriage vows by a couple; a presentation of a gift (e.g., an offering, rings, a symbolic item, flowers, money, or a dress); and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or celebrant. Special wedding garments are often worn, and the ceremony is sometimes followed by a wedding reception. Music, poetry, prayers, or readings from religious texts or literature are also commonly incorporated into the ceremony, as well as superstitious customs.
Muldowney
Muldowney is an Irish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aly Muldowney (born 1983), English rugby player

Brendan Muldowney, graduate of Dun Laoghaire Institute of Art and Design, Ireland (The National Film School)

Dominic Muldowney (born 1952), British composer

Joey Muldowney (born 2004), American ice hockey player

Luke Muldowney (born 1986), English footballer

Michael Joseph Muldowney (1889–1947), Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania

Shirley Muldowney (born 1940), pioneer in professional auto racing

Suzanne Muldowney (born 1952), performance artist best known for her appearances on The Howard Stern Show

Sylvester Muldowney (1908–1995), Irish hurler

Therese Muldowney (born 1987), camogie player and social worker, who played in the 2009 All Ireland camogie final

Aly Muldowney
Alastair William "Aly" Muldowney (born 3 August 1983) is an English-born professional rugby union player. He is a versatile forward, being able to play in both the second row and as a flanker. Muldowney currently plays for Gallagher Premiership club Bristol Bears.
Gretchen Guess
Gretchen Guess (born September 5, 1969) is an American businesswoman and politician.

Born in Anchorage, Alaska, Guess received her bachelor's degree in economics from Carleton College and her master's degree in public policy analysis from University of Rochester. Guess was a consultant and business analyst. From 2001 to 2003, Guess served in the Alaska House of Representatives and was a Democrat. She then served in the Alaska State Senate from 2003 to 2007. From 2011 to 2013, Guess served on the Anchorage School Board and was president of the school board. In 2013, Guess resigned from the school to take a job at St. Vincent's HealthCare in Jacksonville, Florida. Her father Gene Guess also served in the Alaska Legislature.

Alaska State Senate
The Alaska State Senate is the upper house in the Alaska State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. It convenes in the Alaska State Capitol in Juneau, Alaska and is responsible for making laws and confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions and boards.

With just twenty members, the Alaska Senate is the smallest state legislative chamber in the United States. Its members serve four-year terms and each represent an equal number of districts with populations of approximately 35,512 people, per 2010 census figures. They are not subject to term limits.
H320
H320 can refer to:

H.320, a suite of video conferencing protocols

H.320 - America's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009

IRiver H320, a member of the H300 series of media players

Brilliance H320, compact car produced by Brilliance Auto

IRiver H300 series
The iRiver H300 series are a series of portable audio players developed by iRiver, made up of the iRiver H320 and H340 models. They were first announced on September 22, 2004 replacing the H100/iHP-100. Each can play music, transfer pictures directly from digital cameras and UMS-compatible devices, such as flash drives (on the international version), and display digital images on a colour screen. In the United States, the H320 initially retailed for $329 and the H340 was $429.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD42
In molecular biology, snoRNA U42 (also known as SNORD42)  is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA U42 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA).
Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

In the human genome there are two closely related copies of U42 (called U42A and U42B) both located within the introns of the ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23a) gene.
Both snoRNAs are predicted to guide the site specific 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue U116.
The mouse orthologue (MBII-287) has also been identified.

Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word intron is derived from the term intragenic region, i.e., a region inside a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding RNA sequence in RNA transcripts. The non-intron sequences that become joined by this RNA processing to form the mature RNA are called exons.

Introns are found in the genes of most eukaryotes and many eukaryotic viruses, and they can be located in both protein-coding genes and genes that function as RNA (noncoding genes). There are four main types of introns: tRNA introns, group I introns, group II introns, and spliceosomal introns (see below). Introns are rare in Bacteria and Archaea (prokaryotes).
Clifford A. Joseph
Clifford A. Joseph, Sr.  is a U.S. Virgin Islands politician currently serving in the Virgin Islands Legislature from the St. Croix District. Before serving as a senator, Joseph served as Fire Marshall at the Virgin Islands Fire Service from 2012 to 2015. Joseph later served as Director of the Virgin Islands Fire Service.

Legislature of the Virgin Islands
The Legislature of the United States Virgin Islands is the territorial legislature of the United States Virgin Islands. The legislative branch of the unincorporated U.S. territory is unicameral, with a single house consisting of 15 senators, elected to two-year terms without term limits. The legislature meets in Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas.
Eduardo Marbán
Eduardo Marbán (born 1954) is a Cuban-American cardiologist and medical researcher. He is executive director of the Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, where he has led research and implementation of cardiac stem-cell therapy and regenerative medicine.

Marbán directed the first clinical trial using heart-derived stem cells to repair damage from heart attacks and researched gene therapy for cardiac conditions. His contributions to medicine also include the creation of the first de novo biological pacemaker and development of the cell therapy Deramiocel. He is the former editor-in-chief of Circulation Research, a journal of the American Heart Association.

Stem-cell therapy
Stem-cell therapy uses stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. As of 2024, the only FDA-approved therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This usually takes the form of a bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, but the cells can also be derived from umbilical cord blood. Research is underway to develop various sources for stem cells as well as to apply stem-cell treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and conditions such as diabetes and heart disease.

Stem-cell therapy has become controversial following developments such as the ability of scientists to isolate and culture embryonic stem cells, to create stem cells using somatic cell nuclear transfer, and their use of techniques to create induced pluripotent stem cells. This controversy is often related to abortion politics and  human cloning. Additionally, efforts to market treatments based on transplant of stored umbilical cord blood have been controversial.
Chinchpada
Chinchpada is a panchayat village located in Nashik division of the Kandesh region of Maharashtra state in India. The village used to be called Bodhgaon. Administratively, Chinchpada is under Navapur Taluka, Nandurbar District, Maharashtra. There is only the single village of Chinchpada in the Chinchpada gram panchayat.
It is located on National Highway 6, running from Hazira (near Surat) in Gujarat to Kolkota, West Bengal. It is about 100 km from Dhule and about 120 km from Surat.

Nandurbar district
Nandurbar district (Marathi pronunciation: [nən̪d̪uɾbaːɾ]) is an administrative district in the northwest corner of Maharashtra state in India. On 1 July 1998 Dhule was bifurcated as two separate districts now known as Dhule and Nandurbar. Nandurbar is a tribal-dominated district with its headquarters located at Nandurbar city. The district occupies an area of 5,955 square kilometres (2,299 sq mi) and has a population of 1,648,295 of which 16.71% were urban (as of 2011).

Nandurbar district is bounded to the south and south-east by Dhule district, to the west and north is the state of Gujarat, to the north and north-east is the state of Madhya Pradesh. The northern boundary of the district is defined by the Narmada River.
G. V. Desani
Govindas Vishnoodas Desani (1909–2000), known as G.V. Desani, was a British-Indian journalist, lecturer, writer and educator.
Desani is best known for his novel All About H. Hatterr, first published in Great Britain in 1948, which cast an absurdist, comedic light on the plight of a common man in a multicultural, pan-ethnic world.

Hatterr is notable for its many revised editions and attendant reviews received over seven decades which describe the book as … "a genuine literary rarity, the lost-and-found masterpiece," "a lost classic", and, of the author, an "elusive talent of the Fifties."

Post 40, Desani became a seeker, devotee, adept, reporter and lecturer on ancient Indian traditions — including obscure mantric and tantric crafts — to Eastern and Western audiences.

British Indians
British Indians  are citizens of the United Kingdom (UK) whose ancestral roots are from India. 
Currently, the British Indian population exceeds 2 million people in the UK, making them the single largest visible ethnic minority population in the country. They make up the largest subgroup of British Asians and are one of the largest Indian communities in the Indian diaspora, mainly due to the Indian–British relations (including historical links such as India having been part of the British Empire and still being part of the Commonwealth of Nations). The British Indian community is the sixth largest in the Indian diaspora, behind the Indian communities in the United States, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia and Nepal. The majority of British Indians are of Punjabi and Gujarati origin with various other smaller communities from different parts of India including Kerala, West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
Wayne James
Wayne Robert James (born 27 August 1965) is a former cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper batsman for Zimbabwe. Between 2010 and 2014, James was also part of the selection panel for the national team.

His highest first-class score of 215 was made for Matabeleland in the 1995–96 Logan Cup. In the final of the competition, he equaled the record of most dismissals in an innings by a wicket-keeper, with nine. By taking four catches in the second innings he also finished with a match record tally of dismissals with 13. In the same match as he set that record, he scored 99 runs while batting in the first innings and was left stranded on 99 not out in the second innings — the only player to have achieved this double near-miss.

Zimbabwe national cricket team
The Zimbabwe men's national cricket team, also known as the Chevrons, represents Zimbabwe in men's international cricket and is overseen by Zimbabwe Cricket. Zimbabwe has been a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1992. As of October 2025, Zimbabwe was ranked 11th by the ICC in all three formats of the game: Tests, One Day Internationals (ODIs) and Twenty20 internationals (T20Is).
The Last Mafioso
The Last Mafioso: The Treacherous World of Jimmy Fratianno is a biographical novel detailing the life of American Mafia member Aladena "Jimmy the Weasel" Fratianno. It chronicles Fratianno's life from his childhood in Cleveland to becoming acting boss of the Los Angeles crime family. Author Ovid Demaris gained the information for the book from Fratianno himself in the early 1980s, where they spent hours recording the pair's conversations. Demaris also conducted his own research. The book was released on January 13, 1980 by Crown Publishing. It was the first of two biographical books written about Fratianno; the other is Vengeance is Mine (1987) by Michael J. Zuckerman.

Crown Publishing Group
The Crown Publishing Group is a subsidiary of Penguin Random House that publishes across several fiction and non-fiction categories. Originally founded in 1933 as a remaindered books wholesaler called Outlet Book Company, the firm expanded into publishing original content in 1936 under the Crown name, and was acquired by Random House in 1988. Under Random House's ownership, the Crown Publishing Group was operated as an independent division until 2018, when it was merged with the rest of Random House's adult programs.
Anka year
Anka year (Odia: ଅଙ୍କ Aṅka) system is a unique regnal year system used in the state of Odisha, India and was instituted by the rulers of the Eastern Ganga dynasty for dating their reigns. It had a number of features that mark the regnal year different from that actual duration of the year elapsed during the reign. The system still survives today and is used in the Odia calendar (panji) to mark the titular regnal year of the Gajapati Maharaja (King of Puri) which is currently held by Divyasingha Deva IV of the Bhoi dynasty, whose title carries the legacy of the historical ruling monarchs of Odisha.

Gajapati (title)
Gajapati is a regnal title from the region of modern Odisha in the Indian subcontinent. The word 'Gajapati' in Odia refers to "Gaja" meaning elephant and "Pati" meaning master or lord. Thus Gajapati etymologically means a lord with an army of elephants. The institution of Gajapati lordship as a title was used by the Eastern Ganga dynasty and was used by succeeding dynasties, as Gajapati dynasties, with the patronisation of Lord Jagannath as the deity of the Odia cultural realm. Four ruling dynasties have been part of Gajapati lordship or dynasties.

The current titular Gajapati belongs to the head of the Bhoi dynasty, as the dynasty inherited the legacy of the historical ruling lords of Odisha invested in the title of Gajapati. They also exercised administrative control of the Jagannath Temple at Puri.