hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Brave (film)
The Brave is a 1997 American independent neo-western film adapted from the Gregory McDonald novel of the same title. It was directed and co-written by Johnny Depp. The cast includes Depp and Marlon Brando.

This film was Depp's directorial debut. He co-wrote the screenplay with his brother. The film was first shown at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival where it received negative reviews from the US alone, and received 2 nominations in general. The film was released in theaters and on DVD internationally, but not in the United States; Depp stated that he did not want to release it to a general public that had criticized it.

Contemporary Western
Contemporary Western is a subgenre of the Western genre that includes contemporary settings and uses Old West themes, archetypes, and motifs, such as a rebellious antihero, open plains and desert landscapes, or gunfights.  This sub-genre includes the post-Western, neo-Western, and urban Western genres that include "the cowboy cult" in a modern setting that involves the audience's feelings and understanding of Western movies. A neo-Western can be said to use Western themes set in the present day.: 62  According to Stephen Teo in Eastern Westerns: Film and Genre Outside and Inside Hollywood, there is little difference between the neo-Western and post-Western, and the terms may often be used interchangeably.: 96
Fermat quotient
In number theory, the Fermat quotient of an integer a with respect to an odd prime p is defined as

or

.

This article is about the former; for the latter see p-derivation. The quotient is named after Pierre de Fermat.

If the base a is coprime to the exponent p then Fermat's little theorem says that qp(a) will be an integer. If the base a is also a generator of the multiplicative group of integers modulo p, then qp(a) will be a cyclic number, and p will be a full reptend prime.

Fermat's little theorem
In number theory, Fermat's little theorem states that if p is a prime number, then for any integer a, the number ap − a is an integer multiple of p. In the notation of modular arithmetic, this is expressed as

For example, if a = 2 and p = 7, then 27 = 128, and 128 − 2 = 126 = 7 × 18 is an integer multiple of 7.

If a is not divisible by p; that is, if a is coprime to p, then Fermat's little theorem is equivalent to the statement that ap − 1 − 1 is an integer multiple of p, or in symbols:

For example, if a = 2 and p = 7, then 26 = 64, and 64 − 1 = 63 = 7 × 9 is a multiple of 7.

Fermat's little theorem is the basis for the Fermat primality test and is one of the fundamental results of elementary number theory. The theorem is named after Pierre de Fermat, who stated it in 1640. It is called the "little theorem" to distinguish it from Fermat's Last Theorem.
Tagar culture
The Tagar culture was a Bronze Age Saka archeological culture which flourished between the 8th and 1st centuries BC in South Siberia (Republic of Khakassia, southern part of Krasnoyarsk Territory, eastern part of Kemerovo Province). The culture was named after an island in the Yenisei River opposite Minusinsk. The civilization was one of the largest centres of bronze-smelting in ancient Eurasia.

Archaeological culture
An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between these types is an empirical observation. Their interpretation in terms of ethnic or political groups is based on archaeologists' understanding. However, this is often subject to long-unresolved debates. The concept of the archaeological culture is fundamental to culture-historical archaeology.
Roanoke International Tennis Tournament
The Roanoke International Tennis Tournament was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Roanoke Civic Center in Roanoke, Virginia in the United States. The event was part of the USLTA Indoor Circuit and was held from 1972 until 1975. Jimmy Connors won three of the four editions.

Jimmy Connors
James Scott Connors (born September 2, 1952) is an American former professional tennis player as well as an author, a tennis commentator, and a coach. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 268 weeks (fifth-most of all time), and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. Known for his fiery competitiveness, Connors holds three prominent Open Era men's singles records: 109 titles, 1,557 matches played, and 1,274 match wins. His titles include eight singles majors (an Open Era joint-record five US Opens, two Wimbledons, one Australian Open) and three year-end championships. In 1974, he became the second man in the Open Era to win three major titles in a calendar year; he was not permitted to participate in the fourth, the French Open. His playing career ended in 1996.
Case v. Minot
Case v. Minot, 158 Mass. 577 (1893), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of Massachusetts that was one of the first cases to hold that inaction by a landlord could establish a constructive eviction.

Constructive eviction
Constructive eviction is a circumstance where a tenant's use of the property is so significantly impeded by actions under the landlord's authority that the tenant has no alternative but to vacate the premises. The doctrine applies when a landlord of real property has acted in a way that renders the property uninhabitable. Constructive eviction does not have to be intentional by the landlord, and acts can range from failure to remove pests or fix necessary appliances, to changing locks or creating a hostile environment.

Three conditions must be met for a circumstance to qualify as constructive eviction:

Wrongful conduct by the landlord

that substantially interfered with a tenant's use and enjoyment of a rental property

If a tenant is sued by their landlord because the tenant abandoned the property or failed to pay rent, the tenant can use constructive eviction as a defense.  If used successfully, this defense protects the tenant from being held liable to the landlord for damages.
Manfred Weinreich
Manfred Weinreich (born 28 September 1946) is a German rower who represented West Germany.

He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City with the men's coxless four where they came sixth. At the 1969 European Rowing Championships in Klagenfurt, he won bronze with the men's eight.

Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (/ˈklɑːɡənfʊərt/; German: [ˌklaːɡn̩fʊʁt ʔam ˈvœʁtɐzeː] ⓘ; Slovene: Celovec; Austro-Bavarian: Klognfuat; Carinthian Slovene: Clouvc), usually known as simply Klagenfurt (English: /ˈklɑːɡənfʊərt/ KLAH-gən-foort), is the capital and largest city of the Austrian state of Carinthia, as well as of the historical region of Carinthia (including Slovenian Carinthia).

With a population of 105,759 (1 January 2026), it is the sixth-largest city in Austria after Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. The city is the bishop's seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt and home to the University of Klagenfurt, the Carinthian University of Applied Sciences and the Gustav Mahler Private University for Music. Klagenfurt is considered the cultural centre of the Carinthian Slovenes (Slovene: koroški Slovenci; German: Kärntner Slowenen), one of Austria's indigenous minorities.
Listed buildings in Silkstone
Silkstone is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England.  The parish contains 23 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Silkstone and Silkstone Common, and the surrounding countryside.  The most important building in the parish is All Saints Church, which is listed, together with graveslabs, a tomb, and a memorial in the churchyard.  The other listed buildings are houses and cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings, a war memorial, and a set of stocks.

Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley
The Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley is a metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England; the main settlement is Barnsley and other notable towns include Wombwell, Worsbrough, Penistone, Hoyland and the Dearne Towns.

The borough is bisected by the M1 motorway; it is rural to the west, and largely urban/industrial to the east. It is estimated that around 16% of the borough is classed as urban overall, with this area being home to the vast majority of its residents. Additionally, 68% of Barnsley's 32,863 hectares is green belt and 9% is national park land, the majority of which is west of the M1. In 2007, it was estimated that Barnsley had 224,600 residents, measured at the 2011 census as 231,221.

The neighbouring districts are Doncaster, Rotherham, Sheffield, High Peak, Kirklees and Wakefield.
Maroua Mathlouthi
Maroua Mathlouthi (born August 22, 1988 in Tunis) is a Tunisian swimmer, who specialized in freestyle and individual medley events. She is a multiple-time Pan Arab Games champion, and a two-time gold medalist for her respective categories (800 m freestyle and 400 m individual medley) at the 2006 African Swimming Championships in Dakar, Senegal. Mathlouthi had won a total of four medals, including three silver for the women's freestyle (200, 400, and 1500 m) at the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algiers, Algeria.

Mathlouthi was slated to compete in a medley double at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, but withdrew from the competition for personal and health reasons.

Mathlouthi also served as a varsity swimmer of the SMU Mustangs at the Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, and a member of Amiens Metropole Natation in Amiens, France. She is also the sister of Ahmed Mathlouthi, who competed in the men's 200 m freestyle at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.

SMU Mustangs
The SMU Mustangs are the athletic teams that represent Southern Methodist University in University Park, Texas, United States. SMU was founded in 1911 and joined the Southwest Conference, competing against Baylor, Rice, Texas, Texas A&M, Arkansas and Oklahoma A&M (which later became Oklahoma State). They have been a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) since 2024.

The football team has participated in various bowl games, from the Dixie Classic in 1924 to the Fenway Bowl in 2023. Football alumni include Heisman winner Doak Walker, All-American Eric Dickerson, and two-time Super Bowl winner Forrest Gregg.
Rural Municipality of Lansdowne
The Rural Municipality of Lansdowne is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on December 22, 1883. In 1891, the Lansdowne subdistrict had a population of 1037. It ceased on January 1, 2015 as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Glenella to form the Municipality of Glenella – Lansdowne.

The former RM is located west of Lake Manitoba and northeast of the Town of Neepawa.

2015 Manitoba municipal amalgamations
The 2015 municipal amalgamations in Manitoba was the result of new legislation (Municipal Amalgamations Act) in the province that required a minimum population threshold of 1,000 people in order to incorporate a municipality.

To meet this new threshold, Manitoba's smaller municipalities—those with a population of less than 1,000—merged with one or more neighbouring municipalities by 2015.
Upendranath Kanjilal
Upendra Nath Kanjilal, Upendranath Kanjilal or U.N. Kanjilal (1859–1928) was an Indian botanist and forest officer. He published numerous botanical works. He was given the title of Rai Bahadur in 1911.

Kanjilal was born in 1859 to a family who advised King Adi Sura of the Gauda Kingdom. He studied at the Mahratta School in Jessore, the Hetrampur school in Birbhum and the Presidency College in Calcutta followed by the Imperial Forest School at Dehra Dun. He became a forest officer and rose to the position of Extra Deputy Conservator of Forests. He was elected Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1902. He died in 1928 while he was working on the Flora of Assam. The work was completed by his son P. C. Kanjilal (Praphulla Chandra Kanjilal) a forest officer serving in Uttar Pradesh.

The genus Kanjilalia was named in his honour.

Forest Research Institute (India)
The Forest Research Institute (abbr. FRI; Hindi: वन अनुसन्धान संस्थान) is a Natural Resource Service training institute of the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education and is an institution in the field of forestry research in India for Indian Forest Service cadres and all State Forest Service cadres. It is located at Dehradun in Uttarakhand, and is among the oldest institutions of its kind. In 1991, it was declared a deemed university by the University Grants Commission.

The Forest Research Institute campus hosts the Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA), the staff college that trains officers selected for the Indian Forest Service (IFS).
Tamim ibn Zayd al-Utbi
Tamim ibn Zayd al-Utbi (Arabic: تميم بن زيد العتبي) was the caliphal governor of Sind in 726–731. He succeeded al-Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri.

In 726, the Umayyads replaced al-Junayd with Tamim as the governor of Sind. During the next few years, all of the gains made by Junayd were lost. The Arab records do not explain why, except to state that the Caliphate's troops, drawn from distant lands, abandoned their posts in India and refused to go back. The historian Khalid Yahya Blankinship mentions the possibility that the Indians revolted, but deemed it more likely that the cause of the losses stemmed from internal issues among the Arabs.

He is reported to have been buried in Debal.

Junayd ibn Abd ar-Rahman al-Murri
Junayd ibn Abd ar-Rahman al-Murri, commonly known as Al-Junayd, served as the governor of Sindh in the Umayyad Caliphate from 723 to 726 CE. His tenure marked a significant period in the expansion of Umayyad influence in the Indian subcontinent.
Friends of Dorothy (song)
"Friends of Dorothy" is a country song by Australian children's musicians The Wiggles with singer Orville Peck on the Wiggles' album Wiggle Up, Giddy Up. The song gained widespread notoriety for using the titular phrase, which historically was a slang term for a gay man as a pun in reference to Wiggles character Dorothy the Dinosaur.

The Wiggles characters
The Wiggles characters are a group of characters who perform with the Wiggles, the Australian children's music group. Aside from the eight Wiggles, four secondary characters, along with a troupe of singers, actors, and dancers, appear in their television series, videos, and live concerts. These characters were developed in the 1990s and were originally played by group members and by Anthony Field's brother Paul Field, the band's manager. Later in the group's history, the characters were played by hired actors dressed in the characters' costumes.
Masao Tsukada
Masao Tsukada (塚田 正夫, tsukada masao; August 2, 1914 – December 30, 1977) was a Japanese professional shogi player who achieved the rank of 8-dan (the highest dan at the time) and also 10-dan, which is an honorary rank, after death. He is a former Meijin and Ninth Dan title holder.

Japan Shogi Association
The Japan Shogi Association (日本将棋連盟, Nihon Shōgi Renmei), or JSA, is the primary organizing body for professional shogi in Japan. The JSA sets the professional calendar, negotiates sponsorship and media promotion deals, helps organize tournaments and title matches, publishes shogi-related materials, supervises and trains apprentice professionals as well as many other activities.
Port Dickson (federal constituency)
Port Dickson is a federal constituency in Port Dickson District, Negeri Sembilan and Alor Gajah District (Tanjung Tuan), Malacca, Malaysia that is represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1959 to 1974 and from 2018 to present. This is only constituency located in two states at same parliamentary seat.

The federal constituency was created in the 1958 redistribution, but it was abolished in the 1974 redistribution. However, in 2018 the Port Dickson federal constituency was re-created and replaced the Telok Kemang federal constituency following the 2018 redelineation and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

Tanjung Tuan
Tanjung Tuan (lit. 'Lord's Cape'), formerly known as Cape Rachado as named by the Portuguese, meaning 'broken cape', is an area in Alor Gajah District, Malacca, Malaysia. It is a semi-exclave of Malacca adjacent to Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan.

The cape is well known for the Cape Rachado Lighthouse facing the Strait of Malacca. The coastal area off the cape is famous as the site of the naval Battle of Cape Rachado in 1606, between the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and Portuguese fleets. The battle was the opening act for the series of conflicts between the Dutch-Johor coalition and Portuguese Malacca that ultimately ended with the Portuguese surrender of the city and fort of Malacca to the VOC in 1641.
River flood advisory
A river flood advisory is issued by the National Weather Service of the United States when minor flooding at formal forecast points with river gaging sites and established flood stages is possible.  Flooding may have many causes, such as heavy rain in the vicinity of the river, melting snow or ice jams.

Ice jam
Ice jams occur when the ice that is drifting down-current in a river comes to a stop, for instance, at a river bend, when it contacts the river bed in a shallow area, or against bridge piers. Doing so increases the resistance to flow, thereby inducing an increase in water level upstream of the jam (referred to as backwater). Ice jams are thus a main cause for flooding during the winter. In addition, when the jam is released, depending on the conditions under which this happens, the amount of water that was retained behind the jam can also lead to flooding downstream of where the jam occurred. Ice jam floods are generally less predictable and can also be faster than open-water floods.
2018–19 Ukrainian Second League
The 2018–19 Ukrainian Second League was the 28th since its establishment. The competition started on 21 July 2018 with the match between Myr and FC Nikopol.

The competition entered in recess for a winter break which started after the completion of Round 17 on 11 November 2018 and resumed on 31 March 2019. The season competitions were scheduled to be completed on 1 June 2019 (later ending on 25 May 2019 due to reduction of participants) culminating with a two legged play-off for promotion held between the two second place from both groups and the 13th and 14th placed teams from the 2018–19 Ukrainian First League on 29 May and 2 June 2019.

Ukrainian Second League
The Ukrainian Second League (Ukrainian: Друга ліга, Druha Liha) is a professional football league in Ukraine which is part of the Professional Football League of Ukraine, a collective member of the Ukrainian Association of Football. As the third tier it was established in 1992 as the Transitional League and changed its name the next season.

The league is lower than the Ukrainian First League (Persha Liha) and the lowest level of professional football competitions in the country. Since 1996 the league, after being merged with its lower tier (in 1992–1995 there was the Third League), consists of two main regions roughly north-west and south-east. The league's relegated teams lose their professional status and return to their regional associations.
1997 Grand Prix de Denain
The 1997 Grand Prix de Denain was the 39th edition of the Grand Prix de Denain cycle race and was held on 24 April 1997. The race started in Raismes and finished in Denain. The race was won by Ludo Dierckxsens.

Ludo Dierckxsens
Ludo Dierckxsens (14 October 1964 – 29 May 2025) was a Belgian racing cyclist. He was best known for winning the 11th stage of the 1999 Tour de France, while competing for Lampre–Daikin. Dierckxsens died during the 1000 km bike ride of Kom op tegen Kanker on 29 May 2025 in Sint-Gillis-bij-Dendermonde. He was 60.
Crystal optics
Crystal optics is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in anisotropic media, that is, media (such as crystals) in which light behaves differently depending on which direction the light is propagating. The index of refraction depends on both composition and crystal structure and can be calculated using the Gladstone–Dale relation. Crystals are often naturally anisotropic, and in some media (such as liquid crystals) it is possible to induce anisotropy by applying an external electric field.

Gladstone–Dale relation
The Gladstone–Dale relation is a mathematical relation used for optical analysis of liquids, the determination of composition from optical measurements. It can also be used to calculate the density of a liquid for use in fluid dynamics (e.g., flow visualization). The relation has also been used to calculate refractive index of glass and minerals in optical mineralogy.
KATP
KATP is also the ATP-sensitive potassium channel responsible for pancreatic beta-cell insulin release.

KATP (101.9 FM, "The Bull") is a radio station serving the Amarillo, Texas, metro area with a country music format. It is owned by Townsquare Media.  Its studios are located on Southwest 34th Avenue in Southwest Amarillo, and its transmitter tower is based north of the city in unincorporated Potter County.

ATP-sensitive potassium channel
An ATP-sensitive potassium channel (or KATP channel) is a type of potassium channel that is gated by intracellular nucleotides, ATP and ADP. ATP-sensitive potassium channels are composed of Kir6.x-type subunits and sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunits, along with additional components. KATP channels are widely distributed in plasma membranes; however some may also be found on subcellular membranes. These latter classes of KATP channels can be classified as being either sarcolemmal ("sarcKATP"), mitochondrial ("mitoKATP"), or nuclear ("nucKATP").
Leo Franklyn
Leo Franklyn (7 April 1897 – 17 September 1975) was an English actor.  Much of his early career was in Edwardian musical comedy; in his later career he was chiefly associated with farce.

In the years between the First and Second World Wars, Franklyn was a well-known performer in musical comedies, appearing in both British and American shows.  He spent ten years performing in Australia in musical comedies.  From the 1940s he appeared regularly in pantomime as the Dame.

From the 1950s to his death he was principally associated with British farces. From 1956 to 1969 he was a member of Brian Rix's company, first at the Whitehall Theatre, and later at the Garrick.

Farce
Farce is a form of comedy that relies on exaggerated, improbable, or ridiculous situations to entertain an audience. It is typically marked by physical humor, absurdity, satire or parody, improbable scenarios, misunderstandings, and broadly stylized characters and performances.
Karlsruhe Local Railway
The Karlsruhe Local Railway (German: Karlsruher Lokalbahn) was a metre-gauge light railway which formerly connected Spöck, Karlsruhe and Durmersheim, now in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. After its opening in 1890/91, it had little commercial success, so that by 1938 most sections of it had been shut down. Some modest residual traffic in the city of Karlsruhe continued until 1955. Parts of it route are now used by line S2 of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn.

Stutensee
Stutensee (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtuːtn̩zeː] ⓘ) is a town in northern Karlsruhe district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

It was founded in 1975 by the voluntary connection of the four villages of Blankenloch (with Büchig), Friedrichstal, Spöck and Staffort. In the meantime it has become a lively city with more than 23,000 inhabitants.