hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
B-tree
In computer science, a B-tree is a self-balancing tree data structure that maintains sorted data and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time. The B-tree generalizes the binary search tree, allowing nodes to have more than two children.

By allowing more children under one node than a regular self-balancing binary search tree, the B-tree reduces the height of the tree and puts the data in fewer separate blocks. This is especially important for trees stored in secondary storage (e.g., disk drives), as these systems have relatively high latency and work with relatively large blocks of data, hence the B-tree's use in databases and file systems. This remains a major advantage when the tree is stored in memory, as modern computer systems rely heavily on CPU caches. Compared to reading from the cache, reading from memory after a cache miss costs significant time.

File Allocation Table
File Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed for personal computers and was the default file system for the DOS and Windows 9x operating systems. Originally developed in 1977 for use on floppy disks, it was adapted for use on hard disks and other devices. The increase in disk drive capacity over time drove modifications to the design that resulted in versions: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and exFAT.

FAT was replaced with NTFS as the default file system on Microsoft operating systems starting with Windows XP. Nevertheless, FAT continues to be commonly used on relatively small capacity solid-state storage technologies such as USB flash drives, SD cards, MultiMediaCards (MMC) and eMMC because of its compatibility across operating systems and embedded systems, and ease of implementation.
Fiuggi
Fiuggi (Central-Northern Latian dialect: Fiuio) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Frosinone, in the Italian region of Latium. The town of Fiuggi became famous for its Acqua di Fiuggi (Fiuggi Water), which flows from its natural springs and mountains. The water has been used in Italy since as early as the 14th century and is famous for its purported healing properties.

Province of Frosinone
The province of Frosinone (Italian: provincia di Frosinone) is a province in the Lazio region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Frosinone. It has an area of 3,247 square kilometres (1,254 sq mi) and a total population of 493,605 (2016). The province contains 91 comuni (sg.: comune), listed in the comuni of the province of Frosinone.

The province was established by royal decree on 6 December 1926 with territories belonging to the then provinces of Rome and Caserta. The areas of the then province of Caserta were the left valley of the Liri-Garigliano river, the district of Sora, the Valle di Comino, the district of Cassino, the Gulf of Formia and Gaeta, the Pontine Islands, which until then had been for centuries included in the Province called Terra di Lavoro, of the Kingdom of Naples (or of the Two Sicilies). Most of these territories were part of the ancient Latium adiectum.
Larry Sanitoa
Larry Sanitoa (born ?) is an American Samoan politician and a member of the American Samoa House of Representatives, representing District #15 of Tualauta, as of 2012. Sanitoa is the son of the late Senator Seui Laau.

Sanitoa was an unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa in the 2016 election.

Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa
The government of American Samoa consists of a locally elected governor, lieutenant governor and the American Samoa Fono, which consists of an 18-member Senate and a 21-member House of Representatives.  The first popular election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor took place in 1977. Candidates for the offices run together on a joint ticket. The first woman to run for election was Arieta Enesi Mulitauaopele in 1977.

The current lieutenant governor is Pula Ae Ae, who has been in office since 2025.
Johann Friedrich Röhr
Johann Friedrich Röhr (30 July 1777 in Roßbach – 15 June 1848 in Weimar) was a German theologian; regarded as a main representative of theological rationalism.

From 1796 he studied theology at the University of Leipzig, and following completion of studies, served as a vespers preacher at the University Church in Leipzig. In 1802 he became an assistant pastor in Pforta, then from 1804 to 1820 was a pastor in Ostrau bei Zeitz. Afterwards, he served as head pastor and general superintendent in Weimar. On 26 March 1832, he delivered the eulogy at the funeral of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Zeitz
Zeitz (German pronunciation: [ˈtsaɪts] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Žič, pronounced [ˈʒitʃ]) is a town in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the river White Elster, in the triangle of the federal states Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Saxony.
Love in Pawn
Love in Pawn is a 1953 British comedy film directed by Charles Saunders and starring Bernard Braden, Barbara Kelly and Jeannie Carson. It was written by Humphrey Knight, Guy Morgan, Frank Muir and Denis Nordern.

Frank Muir
Frank Herbert Muir (5 February 1920 – 2 January 1998) was a British comedy writer, radio and television personality, and raconteur. His writing and performing partnership with Denis Norden endured for most of their careers. Together they wrote BBC Radio's Take It from Here for over 10 years, and then appeared on BBC radio quizzes My Word! and My Music for another 35. Muir became assistant head of light entertainment at the BBC in the 1960s, and was then London Weekend Television's founding head of entertainment. His many writing credits include editorship of The Oxford Book of Humorous Prose, as well as the What-a-Mess books that were later turned into an animated TV series.
Jimmy Bridges (cricketer)
James John Bridges (28 June 1887 – 26 September 1966) was an English cricketer who played for Somerset from 1911 to 1929.

Bridges was a right-arm fast-medium bowler who batted right-handed. Before the First World War he played as a professional, but after the war he was one of Somerset's many amateurs. He played in 216 first-class matches and took 686 wickets at an average of 25.67 with best figures of 7/41. He achieved 5 wickets in an innings on 45 occasions and 10 wickets in a match four times. He was a tail-end batsman who played 348 innings, with 108 not outs, scoring 2,418 runs with a highest score of 99 not out. He made two fifties and took 128 catches.

Bridges was the bowler when Jack Hobbs scored the run that took him to his 126th career century and so equalled the then world record of W G Grace. He then dismissed Hobbs for 101.

Five-wicket haul
In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a "five–for" or "fifer") occurs when a bowler takes five or more wickets in a single innings, commonly abbreviated as 5wI. Taking five wickets is regarded as a notable achievement, equivalent to a century by a batter. In 2001, Glenn McGrath invented the tradition of a bowler raising the ball to the crowd at the completion of a five-wicket haul.

Taking a five-wicket haul at Lord's earns the bowler a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Pro-Composites Vision
The Pro-Composites Vision is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed by Steve Rahm and produced by Pro-Composites of Buffalo Grove, Illinois. The aircraft is supplied in the form of plans for amateur construction, with some pre-formed parts made available to speed construction.

The design was originally marketed by American Affordable Aircraft of Daytona Beach.

Pro-Composites
Pro-Composites, Inc is an American aircraft manufacturer based in Buffalo Grove, Illinois. The company is owned by Scott VanderVeen and specializes in the design and manufacture of aircraft design plans, parts and kits for amateur construction.

The company was originally formed at and had its flight testing and manufacturing operations in Daytona Beach, Florida, circa 2008. By 2010 operations had been moved to Waukegan Regional Airport, near Chicago, with its business address at Buffalo Grove, Illinois.

The company's designs are all based on the design work of Steve Rahn and his use of pre-formed flat fiberglass and foam composite panels which are then radius bent to shape, a method they refer to as "Fold-a-Plane". The company is currently developing the four seat Pro-Composites Freedom.
1989 Wimbledon Championships
The 1989 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London in the United Kingdom. It was the 103rd edition of the Wimbledon Championships and were held from 26 June to 9 July 1989.

Jim Pugh
Jim Pugh (born February 5, 1964) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. He grew up in Palos Verdes, California and at age 10 began taking tennis lessons from John Hillebrand. He played tennis at UCLA.  He became a doubles specialist on the ATP Tour and won three Grand Slam men's doubles titles (two Australian Open, one Wimbledon) and five Grand Slam mixed doubles titles (three Australian Open, one Wimbledon, one US Open). Pugh reached the world No. 1 doubles ranking in 1989.
Ilo Ilo
Ilo Ilo (Chinese: 爸媽不在家; literally: "Mom and Dad Are Not Home") is a 2013 Singaporean drama film. The debut feature of director Anthony Chen, the film features an international cast, including Singaporean actor Chen Tianwen, Malaysian actress Yeo Yann Yann, Filipino actress Angeli Bayani, and debut of child actor Koh Jia Ler.

Ilo Ilo premiered at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival as part of the Directors' Fortnight on 19 May 2013. At the festival, the film was awarded the Caméra d'Or award, thus becoming the first Singaporean feature film to win an award at the Cannes Film Festival. The film was selected as the Singaporean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards but was not nominated.

Dubai International Film Festival
The Dubai International Film Festival (DIFF, Arabic: مهرجان دبي السينمائي الدولي) was the largest film festival in the Arab region.  With particular emphasis on showcasing Arab, Asian, and African cinema, it also helped to develop industry and talent in the region. It was held in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.

The Muhr Awards, including the Muhr AsiaAfrica Awards, are the main festival awards.
Nebush Nunatak
Nebush Nunatak (Bulgarian: нунатак Небуш, ‘Nunatak Nebush’ \'nu-na-tak 'ne-bush\) is the mostly ice-free rocky ridge extending 1.54 km in north-south direction and 1.1 km wide, rising to 913 m on the west side of Elgar Uplands in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It surmounts Nichols Snowfield to the west and its tributary Delius Glacier to the east. The vicinity was visited on 30 January 1988 by the geological survey team of Christo Pimpirev and Borislav Kamenov (First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition), and Philip Nell and Peter Marquis (British Antarctic Survey).

British mapping in 1971. The feature is named after the megalithic monument of Nebush in Southwestern Bulgaria.

Delius Glacier
Delius Glacier (69°37′S 71°3′W﻿ / ﻿69.617°S 71.050°W﻿ / -69.617; -71.050) is a glacier, 6 nautical miles (11 km) long and 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide, flowing west from the Elgar Uplands into Nichols Snowfield, in the northern part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was first seen from the air and roughly mapped by the British Graham Land Expedition in 1937. It was more accurately mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and from U.S. Landsat imagery of February 1975. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Frederick Delius, the British composer.
Black elite
The term 'Black elite' refers to elites within Black communities that are either political, economic, intellectual or cultural in nature. These are typically distinct from other national elites in the Western world, such as the United Kingdom's aristocracy and the United States' upper class.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
Georg Karl Maria Seidlitz
Georg Karl Maria von Seidlitz (June 19, 1840, St. Petersburg – July 15, 1917, Irschenhausen near Munich) was a German doctor and entomologist. He was a zoology teacher in Dorpat (1868–77), then in Königsberg, (1877–88), where he became a fishery expert. He later specialised in Coleoptera, describing many new species and he wrote  Fauna Baltica. Die Käfer (Coleoptera) der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands. Dorpat, 1875. His general beetle collection is conserved in the Zoologische Staatssammlung München, his Baltic Coleoptera are in the zoology museum in Kaliningrad.

Von Seidlitz was an early supporter of Darwinism in continental Europe.

Darwinism
Darwinism is a term used to describe a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and his contemporaries. The theory states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the term Darwinism in April 1860.

Darwinism stricto sensu lacks a clear theory of inheritance, in contrast with later neo-Darwinian theories such as the modern synthesis (which integrates mendelian inheritance).
Chmara
Chmara is a gender-neutral Slavic surname. Alternative spellings include Khmara and Hmara.

Notable people with this surname include:

Gregori Chmara (1893–1970), Ukrainian-born stage and film actor

Mirosław Chmara (born 1964), Polish pole vaulter

Sebastian Chmara (born 1971), Polish decathlete, cousin of Mirosław

Mirosław Chmara
Mirosław Marian Chmara (Polish pronunciation: [miˈrɔswaf ˈxmara]; born 9 May 1964, in Bydgoszcz) is a retired pole vaulter from Poland. His personal best jump of 5.90 metres was achieved in June 1988 in Villeneuve-d'Ascq, and was also a Polish record for 23 years. It was beaten by Paweł Wojciechowski who jumped 5.91 metres in August 2011 in Szczecin.

He is a cousin of a former decathlete, Sebastian Chmara.
Waterville, County Kerry
Waterville, historically known as Coirean (Irish: An Coireán, meaning 'little cauldron'), is a village in County Kerry, Ireland, on the Iveragh Peninsula. The town is sited on a narrow isthmus, with Lough Currane on the east side of the town, and Ballinskelligs Bay on the west, and the Currane River connecting the two.

The N70 Ring of Kerry route passes through the town. As of the 2022 CSO census, Waterville had a population of 555.

Valentia Island
Valentia Island (Irish: Dairbhre, meaning 'oak isle') is one of Ireland's most westerly points. It lies in Dingle Bay off the Iveragh Peninsula in the southwest of County Kerry. It is linked to the mainland by the Maurice O'Neill Memorial Bridge at Portmagee.  A car ferry also departs from Reenard Point to Knightstown, the island's main settlement, from April to October. Another, smaller village named Chapeltown sits at roughly the midpoint of the island, three kilometres (two miles) from the bridge. Valentia Island's permanent population is 658 (as of the 2022 CSO Census). It is about 11 kilometres (7 miles) long by almost three kilometres (two miles) wide, making it the fifth-biggest island off the Irish coast.
Green S
Green S is a green synthetic coal tar triarylmethane dye with the molecular formula C27H25N2O7S2Na.

As a food dye, it has E number E142. It can be used in mint sauce, desserts, gravy granules, sweets, ice creams, and tinned peas.  Green S is prohibited as a food additive in Canada, United States, Japan, and Norway. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU and Australia and New Zealand.

Green S is a vital dye, meaning it can be used to stain living cells. It is used in ophthalmology, along with fluorescein and rose bengal, to diagnose various disorders of the eye's surface, dry eyes for example.

Gravy
Gravy is a sauce made from the juices of meats and vegetables that run naturally during cooking and often thickened with thickeners for added texture. The gravy may be further coloured and flavoured with gravy salt (a mix of salt and caramel food colouring) or gravy browning (gravy salt dissolved in water) or bouillon cubes. Powders can be used as a substitute for natural meat or vegetable extracts. Canned and instant gravies are also available. Gravy is commonly served with roasts, meatloaf, sandwiches, rice, noodles, fries (chips), mashed potatoes, or biscuits (North America; see biscuits and gravy).
Rare Earth (band)
Rare Earth is an American band from Detroit, Michigan. According to Louder, "Rare Earth's music straddles genres and defies categorisation, slipping seamlessly between the two seemingly disparate worlds of classic rock and R&B." The band was signed to Motown's subsidiary label Rare Earth. Although not the first white band signed to Motown, Rare Earth was the first successful act signed by Motown that consisted only of white members.

The original band lasted from 1968 to December 2021, during which only saxophonist Gil Bridges remained throughout; when Bridges died in December 2021, keyboardist Mike Bruner (who joined in 1998) had Bridges' wife's blessing to form a new Rare Earth band with a new lineup, including previous member Wayne Baraks.

Howell, Michigan
Howell is the largest city in and the county seat of Livingston County, Michigan, United States. The population was 10,068 at the 2020 census. The city is mostly surrounded by Howell Township, but the two are administered autonomously. Howell is part of the South Lyon–Howell–Brighton urban area, which is an extension of the larger Detroit–Warren–Dearborn (Metro Detroit) metropolitan statistical area. As of 2022, the largest industries were manufacturing, health care & social assistance, and accommodation & food services.
Tempo Networks
Tempo Networks is a pan-Caribbean television channel that broadcasts Caribbean music and other cultural products. Its programming includes music videos, news, dramas, and documentaries about Caribbean life. Musical genres broadcast include Reggae, Soca, Dancehall, Ska, Calypso, Chutney, Chutney Soca, Reggaeton, and Punta rock. Its programming is mostly in English.

It was launched on November 30, 2005 under the ownership of MTV Networks and corporate parent Viacom. Since 2007, it has been owned by founder Frederick Morton, Jr., and is based in Newark, NJ.

The station broadcasts on Cablevision in the New York Metropolitan Area (Channel 1105), and reaches over 3,500,000 viewers in the Caribbean. It streams live over the internet 24 hours a day.

Chutney music
Chutney music (Caribbean Hindustani: चटनी संगीत, 𑂒𑂗𑂢𑂲 𑂮𑂑𑂹𑂏𑂲𑂞, چٹنی موسیقی) is a fusion genre of Indian folk music, specifically Bhojpuri folk music, with Caribbean calypso and soca music, and later with Bollywood music. This genre of music that developed in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and Suriname and is popular in Jamaica, other parts of the Caribbean, Fiji, Mauritius, and South Africa. Chutney music emerged mid-20th century and reached a peak of popularity during the 1980s. Several sub-genres have developed, most notably chutney soca.
Hall Mark (horse)
Hall Mark (1930−1953) was a versatile chestnut Thoroughbred stallion. He performed in Australia, trained by Australian Racing Hall of Fame trainer Jack Holt. He raced from a two-year-old to a five-year-old, recording 18 wins from 6 furlongs to 2 miles. Ridden mostly by champion jockeys Bill Duncan and Frank Dempsey. Hall Mark was inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame in 2019.

Australian Racing Hall of Fame
The Australian Racing Hall of Fame is part of the Australian Racing Museum which documents and honours the horseracing legends of Australia. The museum officially opened in 1981 and created the Hall of Fame in 2000.

The numbers in brackets after each name indicates the year of induction into the Hall of Fame.
Powderfinger (song)
"Powderfinger" is a song written by Neil Young, first released on his 1979 album Rust Never Sleeps. It subsequently appeared on several of Young's live recordings. A 2014 Rolling Stone special issue on Young ranked it as Young's best song ever.

It has been covered by Band of Horses, Cowboy Junkies, Beat Farmers, Rusted Root, Jazz Mandolin Project, Feelies spin-off Yung Wu, Car Seat Headrest, and Phish. The Australian rock band Powderfinger took their name from this song.

It is ranked number 450 on Rolling Stone's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.

Band of Horses
Band of Horses is an American rock band formed in 2004 in Seattle, Washington. Led by singer-songwriter Ben Bridwell, who has been the band's sole constant member throughout numerous line-up changes, the band's current line-up also includes longtime members Creighton Barrett (drums) and Ryan Monroe (keyboards, guitar, backing vocals), alongside Matt Gentling (bass, backing vocals) and Brett Nash (guitar, backing vocals).

For ten years, the band's most stable line-up featured guitarist Tyler Ramsey and bassist Bill Reynolds, who recorded and performed with the band between 2007 and 2017, before acrimoniously departing.

To date, the band has released six studio albums: Everything All the Time (2006), Cease to Begin (2007), Infinite Arms (2010), Mirage Rock (2012),  Why Are You OK (2016) and Things Are Great (2022), with Infinite Arms being nominated for a Grammy Award in 2011.
Old Dominion Monarchs men's soccer
The Old Dominion Monarchs men's soccer team is an intercollegiate varsity sports team of Old Dominion University. The team is an NCAA Division I member of the Sun Belt Conference, having joined in 2022 after moving from Conference USA.

Old Dominion University
Old Dominion University (ODU) is a public research university in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. Established in 1930 as the two-year Norfolk Division of the College of William & Mary, the school became an independent college in 1962 and attained university status in 1969. In 2023, it had an enrollment of 23,494 students, and its main campus covers 250 acres.

The university's name is derived from one of Virginia's state nicknames, "The Old Dominion", given by King Charles II of England in recognition of its loyalty to the crown during the English Civil War. ODU offers 175 undergraduate and graduate degree programs from seven colleges and three schools. It has a Carnegie Classification of "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" with "Higher Access, Medium Earnings". Old Dominion has approximately 165,000 alumni in all 50 US states and 67 countries.