hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diversion of Water from the Meuse case
Diversion of Water from the Meuse case (Netherlands v. Belgium) [1937], P.C.I.J. (Ser. A/B) No. 70. was a judgment of the Permanent Court of International Justice on terms of treaties.

An 1863 treaty between Belgium and the Netherlands regulated water use of the Meuse River to ensure sufficient flow for navigation and irrigation. As the economic use of the river valley developed, increased pressure was placed on the river. In 1937, the Netherlands brought proceedings, alleging that Belgium’s use of the river had expanded beyond the terms of the treaty. Belgium filed counterclaims against expansion projects by the Netherlands.

The Court concluded that the Treaty did not prevent either State from developing the river resources as they had been doing.

Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).
ITEC
ITEC is an acronym or abbreviation with several meanings:

Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme, India's foreign aid development program

Induced thymic epithelial cell, a type of stem cell

International Therapy Examination Council, an international examination board offering a variety of qualifications worldwide

International Turbine Engine Corporation, a joint venture company between Honeywell and Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation

Inter-Tribal Environmental Council, a consortium of over 40 Native American tribes in Oklahoma, New Mexico and Texas

Into the Electric Castle, an album by progressive metal musical project Ayreon

ITEC Kasaragod, the Information Technology Education Centre, affiliated with Kannur University, Kannur, India

Indigenous People's Technology and Education Center, a not-for-profit organization in Dunnellon, Florida

International Tuba Euphonium Conference

International Turbine Engine Company
The International Turbine Engine Company LLC (ITEC, formerly the International Turbine Engine Corporation), is a joint venture between Honeywell Aerospace (formerly Garrett AiResearch, and later AlliedSignal), and the Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation (AIDC). The company produces the F124/F125 turbofan engine series, which is used in the Aermacchi M-346, Aero L-159 Alca, AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo, and AIDC T-5 Brave Eagle. In 2017 the F124 and F125 Engines reached 1,000,000 operating hours.
Mianwali Express
Mianwali Express is a passenger train operated daily by Pakistan Railways between Lahore and Mari Indus. The trip takes approximately 9 hours to complete its journey traveling along a stretch of the Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line, Shahdara Bagh–Sangla Hill Branch Line, Sangla Hill–Kundian Branch Line, Kotri–Attock Railway Line and Daud Khel–Lakki Marwat Branch Line.

Mari Indus
Mari Indus (Urdu: ماڑی اِنڈس ) is a town in Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan, situated on bank of the Indus River near Kalabagh. It is located at 32°57 North 71°34 East and has an altitude of 206m or 679 ft.
William Skinner (North Carolina general)
William Skinner (December 25, 1728 – January 26, 1798) was a Province of North Carolina official, planter and brigadier general in Edenton District Brigade of the North Carolina militia during the American Revolution.

Fourth North Carolina Provincial Congress
The Fourth North Carolina Provincial Congress was a meeting of the provincial congress of the de facto provincial government of North Carolina, composed of 153 delegates from 35 counties and nine towns. The congress convened in Halifax on April 4, 1776, and ended on May 14, 1776, during the final year of Josiah Martin's gubernatorial administration. Samuel Johnston was unanimously chosen as president, and Cornelius Harnett was appointed as vice president of the congress.
Daniel Gutstein
Dan Gutstein (born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1968) is an American writer and vocalist. His writing has appeared in Ploughshares, Poets & Writers, Best American Poetry, storySouth, PANK, DIAGRAM, Fiction,  and elsewhere.  He has received grants and awards from the Maryland State Arts Council. While he was teaching at George Washington University the web site Rate My Professors named him the 2010–2011 "hottest" professor in America.

Gutstein is a vocalist and lyricist for punk band Joy on Fire. He is also vocalist for the 2025 album Live at the Black Cat! produced by improvisational band Fanoplane, which features musicians Bob Boilen and Jerry Busher, among others.

University Press of Mississippi published his nonfiction book Poor Gal: The Cultural History of Little Liza Jane in November 2023. In October 2024, the ASCAP Foundation gave the book a Special Recognition Award in its annual Deems Taylor / Virgil Thomson Book Awards.

Poets & Writers
Poets & Writers, Inc. is one of the largest nonprofit literary organizations in the United States serving poets, fiction writers, and creative nonfiction writers.  The organization publishes a bi-monthly magazine called Poets & Writers Magazine, and is headquartered in New York City.
Stegocoleus
Stegocoleus is an extinct genus of ommatid beetle. Its distinctive morphology includes a distinctive flat rim on the outer edge of the elytra similar to those of Burmocoleus and Jarzembowskiops, but is distinguished from those genera by a distinctive prothorax. It is known from 3 species found in Cenomanian aged Burmese amber.

Elytron
An elytron (/ˈɛlɪtrɒn/; from Ancient Greek  ἔλυτρον (élutron) 'sheath, cover'; pl.: elytra,  /ˈɛlɪtrə/) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard.
Komga Hospital
Komga Hospital is a small provincial government-funded hospital for the Great Kei Local Municipality area in Komga, Eastern Cape in South Africa.

In 1997 the old hospital in Rhodes Avenue closed and moved to the new hospital situated in Victoria Road which was built by Public Works.

The hospital departments include an emergency department, maternity and paediatrics wards, outpatient department, medical services, pharmacy, anti-retroviral treatment for HIV/AIDS, x-ray services, laundry services, kitchen services, and a mortuary.

Morgue
A morgue or mortuary (in a hospital or elsewhere) is a place used for the storage of human corpses awaiting identification (ID), removal for autopsy, respectful burial, entombment or cremation. In modern times, corpses have customarily been refrigerated to delay decomposition.
Aa (Meuse)
The Aa (Dutch pronunciation: [aː]) is a small river in the Netherlands. It rises near Nederweert in the southeastern province of Limburg, in the Peel region. It flows northwest through the province of North Brabant towards 's-Hertogenbosch, roughly along the Zuid-Willemsvaart canal. In 's-Hertogenbosch, at the confluence of the Aa and the Dommel, the river Dieze is formed, which flows into the Meuse (Dutch: Maas) a few km further. The main cities and towns along the Aa's course are Asten, Helmond, Veghel and 's-Hertogenbosch.

Helmond
Helmond (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛlmɔnt] ⓘ; called Hèllemond in the local dialect) is a city and municipality in the Metropoolregio Eindhoven of the province of North Brabant in the Southern Netherlands.

Helmond is home to several textile and metal companies. The Vlisco factory is located next to the Zuid-Willemsvaart canal, which runs through the city.

The spoken language is Helmonds (an East Brabantian dialect).
1972 Pot Black
The 1972 Pot Black was a professional invitational snooker tournament that was broadcast in 1972. The tournament was held between 29 December 1971 and 1 January 1972 in the Pebble Mill Studios in Birmingham, and featured six professional players. All matches were one-frame shoot-outs.

Broadcasts were on BBC2 and began at 21:00 on Wednesday 12 April 1972. The tournament in this year was reduced to six players. There was a qualifying stage in which each competitor played three matches. The leading four then played in a round-robin group, from which the top two players qualified for the final. Alan Weeks presented the programme, with Ted Lowe as commentator and Sydney Lee as referee.

The tournament featured its first overseas player, Australia's Eddie Charlton (making his TV debut), who went on to win the tournament by beating Ray Reardon 75–43 in the final, broadcast on 26 July.

Sydney Lee (snooker player)
Sydney Raphael Lee (25 April 1910 – 10 November 1986) was an English professional billiards and snooker player. He was four times a quarter-finalist in the World Snooker Championship during the first half of the twentieth century. He was a snooker referee on Pot Black. He was the game consultant for a 1970 episode of Steptoe and Son entitled "Pot Black" and, as well as performing a number of trick shots was the stand-in for many of the more difficult regular shots seen in the show.
Batak script
The Batak script (natively known as Surat Batak (ᯘᯒᯖᯅᯖᯂ), Surat na Sampulu Sia (lit. 'the nineteen letters'), or Sisiasia) is a writing system used to write the Austronesian Batak languages spoken by several million people on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The script may be derived from the Kawi and Pallava script, ultimately derived from the Brahmi script of India, or from the hypothetical Proto-Sumatran script influenced by Pallava.

Wereldmuseum Amsterdam
The Wereldmuseum Amsterdam, previously known as Tropenmuseum between 1950 and 2023, is an ethnographic museum with its headquarters in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It was originally founded in Haarlem, Netherlands in 1864 under the name Koloniaal Museum (English: Colonial Museum) and later renamed Tropenmuseum (English: Museum of the Tropics).

The Wereldmuseum is one of the largest museums in Amsterdam. It has a permanent exhibition of part of its collection and hosts temporary exhibitions, including contemporary, modern and traditional visual arts and photographic works. The museum is part of the Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen (Museum of World Cultures), a combination of three ethnographic museums in the Netherlands.
The Bridge at Remagen
The Bridge at Remagen is a 1969 DeLuxe Color war film in Panavision starring George Segal, Ben Gazzara, and Robert Vaughn. The film, which was directed by John Guillermin, was shot in Czechoslovakia. It is based on the nonfiction book The Bridge at Remagen: The Amazing Story of March 7, 1945 by writer and U.S. Representative Ken Hechler. The screenplay was adapted by Richard Yates and William Roberts.

The film is a highly fictionalized version of actual events during the last months of World War II, when the U.S. 9th Armored Division approached Remagen and captured the intact Ludendorff Bridge. While the real battle ran for ten days and involved several artillery duels between the U.S. troops and German defenders, the film focuses more specifically on the heroism and human cost in gaining the bridgehead across the Rhine before the Allies' final advance into Germany. The Remagen bridge was never rebuilt; the towers on each bank were converted into a museum and arts studios.

DeLuxe Color
DeLuxe Color or Deluxe color or Color by DeLuxe is Deluxe Laboratories' brand of color process for motion pictures. DeLuxe Color is Eastmancolor-based, with certain adaptations for improved compositing for printing (similar to Technicolor's "selective printing") and for mass-production of prints. Eastmancolor, first introduced in 1950, was one of the first widely-successful "single strip color" processes, and eventually displaced three-strip Technicolor.

Color by DeLuxe (sometimes with a space before the L) became a popular, vivid and stable process for filmed color television series from the mid 1960s, especially by 20th Century-Fox Television studios.

DeLuxe also offers "Showprints" (usually supplied to premieres in Los Angeles and New York). "Showprint" is DeLuxe's proprietary name for an "EK" (for "Eastman Kodak"), the generic name for a release print made directly from the original camera negative instead of from an internegative.
Verbena bonariensis
This is about the Verbena bonariensis described by Linnaeus. See also below for a common misapplication of this taxon.

Verbena bonariensis, commonly known as the purpletop vervain, clustertop vervain, Argentinian vervain, tall verbena  or pretty verbena, is a member of the verbena family cultivated as a flowering annual or herbaceous perennial plant. In United States horticulture, it is also known by the ambiguous names purpletop (also used for the grass Tridens flavus) and South American vervain (which can mean any of the numerous species in the genus Verbena occurring in that continent). For the misapplication "Brazilian verbena" see below.

It is native to tropical South America where it grows throughout most of the warm regions, from Colombia and Brazil to Argentina and Chile.

Germplasm Resources Information Network
Germplasm Resources Information Network or GRIN is an online USDA National Genetic Resources Program software project to comprehensively manage the computer database for the holdings of all plant germplasm collected by the National Plant Germplasm System.

GRIN has extended its role to manage information on the germplasm reposits of insect (invertebrate), microbial, and animal species (see sub-projects).
Wassen (surname)
Wassen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christina Wassen (born 1999), German diver

Elena Wassen (born 2000), German competitive diver

Rogier Wassen (born 1976), Dutch tennis player

Rogier Wassen
Rogier Wassen (Dutch pronunciation: [roːˈɣiːr ˈʋɑsə(n)]; born 9 August 1976) is a Dutch tennis player who competed regularly on the ATP Tour primarily as a doubles player.

Wassen reached his highest doubles ranking on the ATP Tour on 10 September 2007 when he became World No. 24. The right-hander has won three ATP doubles titles. The Heineken Open in Auckland, New Zealand, in 2006 and 2007 teaming up with Andrei Pavel and Jeff Coetzee respectively. In 2007 he won the Ordina Open in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, again with Jeff Coetzee. In 2009, he reached the finals of the 2009 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships in Newport, Rhode Island, partnering with Michael Kohlmann.

He is nicknamed "Da Professor" by good friend and doubles partner Dustin Brown.
He returned in doubles at 2013 Marburg Open, in partnership with Artem Sitak, losing in the first round against Vahid Mirzadeh and Denis Zivkovic
Luigi Pichler
Luigi Pichler (January 31, 1773 in Rome – March 13, 1854 in Rome) was a German-Italian artist in engraved gems.

Son of Anton Pichler and half-brother and student of Giovanni Pichler, Luigi was an apprentice to his greatly renowned 39-year older brother and painter Domenico de Angelis. He travelled to Vienna, where he, in 1818, was made professor of gem-engraving at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts, and where he, working for Francis I, created replicas of some of the most famous gems in Austria as part of the Vienna Cabinet, a gift for Pope Pius VII. His works are almost exclusively intaglio, and he created many copies of his brother's and father's work. In 1850 he turned back to Rome, where he died in 1854.

His works include a head of Ajax, the gods Apollo, Mars, Venus, Cupid, and Psyche, a head of Julius Cæsar; as well as two heads of Jesus.

Venus (mythology)
Venus (/ˈviːnəs/; Classical Latin: [ˈwɛnʊs]) is a Roman goddess whose functions encompass love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory. In Roman mythology, she was the ancestor of the Roman people through her son, Aeneas, who survived the fall of Troy and fled to Italy. Julius Caesar claimed her as his ancestor. Venus was central to many religious festivals, and was revered in Roman religion under numerous cult titles.

The Romans adapted the myths and iconography of her Greek counterpart Aphrodite for Roman art and Latin literature. In the later classical tradition of the West, Venus became one of the most widely referenced deities of Greco-Roman mythology as the embodiment of love and sexuality. As such, she is usually depicted nude.
2022 USL League Two season
The 2022 USL League Two season is the 28th season of USL League Two.

The regular season began on May 1 and ended on July 17. 113 teams participated in this season. The league reached a new high of 16 divisions after removing the Deep South division and adding five new divisions. The new divisions were the Chesapeake, Deep North, Lone Star, South Central, and Valley.

One Knoxville SC
One Knoxville Sporting Club is an American soccer team based in Knoxville, Tennessee, that competes in USL League One, the third tier of the United States soccer league system. They play their home matches at Covenant Health Park, a multi-use stadium designed for soccer and baseball, alongside the Knoxville Smokies, a minor league baseball team for the Chicago Cubs.
Angus MacFarlane-Grieve
Alexander Angus MacFarlane-Grieve,  MC, TD (11 May 1891 – 2 August 1970) was a British academic, mathematician, rower, and decorated British Army officer. He served with the Highland Light Infantry during World War I. He was Master of University College, Durham from 1939 to 1954, and additionally Master of Hatfield College, Durham from 1940 to 1949.

Territorial Decoration
The Territorial Decoration (TD) was a military medal of the United Kingdom awarded for long service in the Territorial Force and its successor, the Territorial Army.

This award superseded the Volunteer Officer's Decoration when the Territorial Force was formed on 1 April 1908, following the enactment of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907, (7 Edw.7, c.9) which was a large reorganisation of the old Volunteer Army and the remaining units of militia and Yeomanry.  However, the Militia were transferred to the Special Reserve rather than becoming part of the Territorial Force. Recipients of this award are entitled to use the letters "TD" after their name (post-nominal).
Hurricane (Leon Everette song)
"Hurricane" is a song co-written by Thom Schuyler, Keith Stegall, and Stewart Harris. Levon Helm recorded it for his 1980 album American Son. It was later recorded by American country music singer Leon Everette. It was released in July 1981 as the lead single and title track from Everette's album Hurricane. It is Everette's highest-charting single, peaking at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in September 1981. Band of Heathens, an American rock band, also charted a rendition of the song in 2011, which has since been certified gold. In 2024, American country trio The Castellows featured a cover of the song on their debut EP A Little Goes a Long Way.

Thom Schuyler
Thomas James Schuyler (born June 10, 1952) is an American songwriter. Schuyler wrote songs recorded by more than 200 various artists including "16th Avenue" for Lacy J. Dalton, "Love Will Turn You Around" for Kenny Rogers, and "A Long Line of Love" for Michael Martin Murphey.
Michał Kochanowski
Michał Ambroży Kochanowski (1757–1832) was a Chamberlain of Stanisław August Poniatowski since 1778; deputy to the Great Sejm (1788–1792), councillor of Diplomatic Section of Provisional Temporary Council, member of the Supreme National Council during the Kościuszko Insurrection (1794), member of the government in the Duchy of Warsaw (1808–1815), senator, castellan and voivode in the Congress Poland since 1816, member of the Administrative Council during the November Uprising in 1831.

Supreme National Council
Supreme National Council (Polish: Rada Najwyższa Narodowa) was the central civil government of Poland loyal to the Kościuszko Insurrection. Created by Kościuszko on 10 May 1794 in the camp in Połaniec, it had 8 councillors and 32 deputies.
Claw (Lev Gleason Publications)
The Claw is a supervillain who first appeared in Silver Streak Comics #1 (December 1939), from Lev Gleason Publications and later Savage Dragon from Image Comics. He is "a grotesque sorceror bent on world conquest".

Lev Gleason Publications
Lev Gleason Incorporated, formerly known as Lev Gleason Publishing, is a Canadian comic book company founded by Leverett Stone Gleason (1898–1971). They were the publisher of a number of popular comic books during the 1940s and early 1950s, including Daredevil Comics, Crime Does Not Pay, and Boy Comics. In 2021, Lev Gleason was revived by Fadi Hakim, and acquired the former Chapterhouse Comics and characters from Anglo-American Publishing.
Dez Gereh-ye Afshar-e Pain
Dez Gereh-ye Afshar-e Pain (Persian: دزگره افشارپايين, also Romanized as Dez Gereh-ye Āfshār-e Pā’īn; also known as Dez Gereh) is a village in Chashm Rural District, Shahmirzad District, Mehdishahr County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 79, in 27 families.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
E. Annapoorna Tukaram
Eregar Annapoorna Tukaram is an Indian politician. She was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Sandur in the 2024 By poll as a member of the Indian National Congress.

The bypoll for the Sandur seat was necessitated following the election of E Tukaram of Congress to Lok Sabha in May 2024 elections. The by-election was held on 13 November, E.Annapoorna winning the Assembly bypoll by a margin of 9,649 votes. Annapoorna secured 93,616 votes, Hanumanthu got 83,967 votes.

Annapurna had completed her graduation in Arts in 2014 from Kuvempu University, Shivamogga.

Sandur Assembly constituency
Sandur Assembly constituency is one of the 224 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Karnataka in India.

It is part of Ballari district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.
Neometanema
Neometanema is a genus of phagotrophic flagellates belonging to the Euglenida, a diverse group of flagellates in the phylum Euglenozoa. It is the sole genus within the monotypic family Neometanemidae and suborder Metanemina. It composes the order Natomonadida together with a closely related clade of osmotrophs known as Aphagea.

Osmotrophy
Osmotrophy is a form of heterotrophic nutrition and a cellular feeding mechanism involving the direct absorption of dissolved organic compounds by osmosis. Organisms that use osmotrophy are called osmotrophs. Osmotrophy is used by diverse groups of organisms. Organisms that use osmotrophy include microorganisms like bacteria, many species of protists and most fungi. Invertebrate  animal groups like molluscs, sponges, corals, brachiopods and echinoderms may use osmotrophic feeding as a supplemental food source. A common subset of osmotrophy is lysotrophy, in which organisms secrete enzymes into the extracellular environment to break down macromolecules into smaller, soluble molecules for absorption.