hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giant resonance
In nuclear physics, giant resonance is a high-frequency collective excitation of atomic nuclei, as a property of many-body quantum systems. In the macroscopic interpretation of such an excitation in terms of an oscillation, the most prominent giant resonance is a collective oscillation of all protons against all neutrons in a nucleus.

In 1947,  G. C. Baldwin and G. S. Klaiber observed the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in photonuclear reactions, and in 1972 the giant quadrupole resonance (GQR) was discovered, and in 1977 the giant monopole resonance (GMR) was discovered in medium and heavy nuclei.

Quadrupole
A quadrupole or quadrapole is one of a sequence of configurations of things like electric charge or current, magnetic fields, or gravitational mass that can exist in ideal form, but it is usually just part of a multipole expansion of a more complex structure reflecting various orders of complexity.
Anna Dodd
Anna Maree Dodd (née Corbin; born 24 October 1980) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played as a right-arm off break bowler. She appeared in 31 One Day Internationals for New Zealand between 2002 and 2006. She played domestic cricket for Wellington.

Dodd was born in Foxton, in New Zealand's Manawatū-Whanganui region. She was first selected in a New Zealand squad for a tour of India in November and December 2001. That tour was cancelled, but Dodd eventually made her ODI debut against Australia in February 2002. When New Zealand toured Europe later in the year, she took what would be career-best figures against the Netherlands, finishing with 3/13 from five overs. At the 2005 World Cup in South Africa, Dodd played in five of her team's seven matches, taking three wickets with a best of 2/15 against Sri Lanka. Her last international matches came in October 2006, in an ODI series against Australia. She played in 31 ODIs in total, taking 28 wickets.

Sri Lanka women's national cricket team
The Sri Lanka women's national cricket team represents Sri Lanka in international women's cricket. One of ten teams competing in the ICC Women's Championship (the highest level of the sport), the team is organised by Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC), a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC).

The Sri Lanka women's team made their One Day International (ODI) debut in 1997, against the Netherlands, and later in the year participated in the 1997 World Cup in India. The team has since participated in every edition of the World Cup, with a fifth-place finish at the 2013 event being its best performance. At the Women's Twenty20 World Cup, Sri Lanka has likewise played at every tournament, although the team has never progressed past the first round. Sri Lanka played their first and only Test match to date in April 1998, defeating Pakistan.
1990–91 Israel State Cup
The 1990–91 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 52nd season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 37th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.

The competition was won by Maccabi Haifa who have beaten Hapoel Petah Tikva 3–1 in the final.

Israeli Declaration of Independence
The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (Hebrew: הכרזה על הקמת מדינת ישראל), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708), at the end of the civil war phase and beginning of the Arab–Israeli War of the 1948 Palestine war, by David Ben-Gurion, the executive head of the World Zionist Organization and chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine.

It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine (or the Land of Israel in the Jewish tradition), to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. While celebrated in Israel as Independence Day, a national holiday on 5 Iyar of every year according to the Hebrew calendar, Palestinians view the day as the start of Nakba, or "catastrophe", marking the mass displacements of Palestinians and the loss of homes and lands, and commemorate it annually on 15 May as Nakba Day.
Estampage
Estampage or stamping, is a term commonly used in epigraphy to obtain the exact replica of an inscription that cannot be transported.

According to Jayanti Madhukar, it is defined as:

a process of ‘lifting’ the inscriptions from the stone on to a piece of paper for a clearer read

The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines it as:

an impression of an inscription made on inked paper

Webster's Dictionary
Webster's Dictionary is any of the US English language dictionaries edited in the early 19th century by Noah Webster (1758–1843), a US lexicographer, as well as numerous related or unrelated dictionaries that have adopted the Webster's name in his honor. "Webster's" has since become a genericized trademark in the United States for US English dictionaries, and is widely used in dictionary titles.

Merriam-Webster is the corporate heir to Noah Webster's original works, which are in the public domain.
Graphetics
Graphetics is a branch of linguistics concerned with the analysis of the physical properties of shapes used in writing.

It is an etic study, meaning that it has an outsider's perspective and is not concerned with any particular writing system. It is contrasted with the related emic field of graphemics, the study of the relation between different shapes in particular writing systems. Graphetics is analogous to phonetics; graphetics is to the study of writing as phonetics is to the study of spoken language. As such, it can be divided into two areas, visual graphetics and mechanical graphetics, which are analogous to auditory and articulatory phonetics, respectively. Both printed and handwritten language can be the subject of graphetic study.

Auditory phonetics
Auditory phonetics is the branch of phonetics concerned with the hearing of speech sounds and with speech perception. It thus entails the study of the relationships between speech stimuli and a listener's responses to such stimuli as mediated by mechanisms of the peripheral and central auditory systems, including certain areas of the brain. It is said to compose one of the three main branches of phonetics along with acoustic and articulatory phonetics, though with overlapping methods and questions.
2024 Atlanta Open
The 2024 Atlanta Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 36th edition of the tournament, sorted as an ATP 250 tournament on the 2024 ATP Tour. It took place at Atlantic Station in Atlanta, United States between July 22 and 28, 2024.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Ilija Hranilović
Catholicism portal

Ilija Hranilović (3 October 1850 – 20 March 1889) was a Croatian Greek Catholic hierarch. He was the bishop from 1883 to 1889 of the Eastern Catholic Eparchy of Križevci.

Born in Sošice, Austrian Empire  (present day – Croatia) in 1850, he was ordained a priest on 25 April 1875 for the Eparchy of Križevci. Fr. Hranilović was the parish priest in Šid from 1876 to 1879.

He was confirmed as the Bishop by the Holy See on 15 March 1883. He was consecrated to the Episcopate on 22 April 1883. The principal consecrator was Bishop Victor Mihaly de Apșa.

He died in Križevci on 20 March 1889.

Sošice
Sošice is a settlement in the municipality of Žumberak, Zagreb County, Croatia. According to the 2011 census, it has 77 inhabitants.

The name of the settlement was mentioned in written documents for the first time in Bernard's gift book, when the monastery in Kostanjevica na Krki acquired part of the land in Sošice in 1249.

The town was an important settlement of the Greek Catholic Church in Croatia. The local parish was formed c. 1746. The parish home was burnt down along with the local school in 1942 by Yugoslav Partisans.

Jazovka, a pit which contained a mass grave from World War II, is located near the settlement.

In 2022, a visitor center opened in Sošice for the nature park Žumberak–Samobor Hills, (Croatian: Žumberak – Samoborsko gorje). It is the third center built in this park and was co-financed by the European Union and granted in parts by the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund of the Republic of Croatia.
Hierapytna
Hierapytna (Ancient Greek: Ἱεράπυτνα or Ἱερὰ Πύτνα), also Hierapydna (Ἱεράπυδνα), Hierapydnes (Ἱερά Πύδνης), or Hiera, was a town of ancient Crete. Strabo says that it stood in the narrowest part of the island, opposite Minoa. Hierapytna, according to the Stadiasmus Maris Magni, was 180 stadia from Biennus, which agrees with the distance of 20 M.P. assigned to it by the Peutinger Table. It was a town of great antiquity, and its foundation was ascribed to the Corybantes; it bore the successive names of Cyrba, Pytna, Camirus, and Hierapytna. From an inscription preserved among the Oxford marbles, it appears that the Hierapytnians were at one time allied with the neighbouring city of Priansus. There are both autonomous and Roman Imperial coins belonging to Hierapytna; the symbol on the former is generally a palm tree.

Its site is located near modern Ierapetra.

Korybantes
According to Greek mythology, the Korybantes (/ˌkɒrɪˈbæntiːz/; Ancient Greek: Κορύβαντες), also spelled Corybantes or Corybants,  were the armed and crested dancers who worshipped the Phrygian goddess Cybele with drumming and dancing. They are also called the Kurbantes in Phrygia.
Syed Sabir Pasha
Syed Sabir Pasha (born 5 November 1972) is a former Indian football player and current technical director at the All India Football Federation. During his playing days, Pasha played for Indian Bank in the National Football League from 1991 to 2007 and represented India between 1993 and 2001.

All India Football Federation
All India Football Federation (AIFF) is the governing body of football, futsal and beach soccer in India. It is a member of FIFA, and is affiliated with the Asian Football Confederation and South Asian Football Federation.

It is affiliated with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India. India men's and women's football teams are governed by the AIFF, and represent India in various international football tournaments.

The AIFF manages, sanctions, conducts, schedules and runs all national level football tournaments and leagues in India, including Indian Super League, I-League, I-League 2, I-League 3, Indian Women's League, Indian Women's League 2, Santosh Trophy, Rajmata Jijabai Trophy, Futsal Club Championship, National Beach Soccer Championship, Super Cup, Durand Cup, Youth League and others. The federation also indirectly manages local football competitions through its member associations.
Bathycongrus thysanochilus
The Conger eel (Bathycongrus thysanochilus) is an eel in the family Congridae (conger/garden eels). It was described by Earl Desmond Reid in 1934, originally under the genus Congrina. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from Cuba and Venezuela, in the western central Atlantic Ocean. It dwells at a depth range of 476–659 metres.

Congridae
The Congridae are the family of conger and garden eels. Congers are valuable and often large food fishes, while garden eels live in colonies, all protruding from the sea floor after the manner of plants in a garden (thus the name). The family includes over 220 species in 32 genera.

The European conger, Conger conger, is the largest of the family and of the Anguilliformes order that includes it; it has been recorded at up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in length and weighing 350 lb (160 kg).

Congrids are found in tropical, subtropical and temperate seas around the world. Clear distinguishing features among congrids are few; they all lack scales, and most possess pectoral fins. They feed on crustaceans and small fish.

The earliest known fossils of this group are otoliths from the Campanian of the United States.  A number of articulated specimens are known from the Paleogene of Europe.
Ilya Medvedev
Ilya Medvedev (born 18 November 1982) is a Russian sprint canoer who competed since the late 2000s. He won two bronze medals in the K-2 1000 m event at the 2010 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Poznań and in the K-4 1000 m event at the 2011 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Szeged.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Medvedev finished eighth the K-4 1000 m event.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he finished sixth in the K-2 1000 m and seventh in the K-4 1000 m.

Canoeing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's K-4 1000 metres
The men's canoe sprint K-4 1,000 metres competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place between 7 and 9 August at Eton Dorney.

The Australian team comprising Tate Smith, Dave Smith, Murray Stewart and Jacob Clear won the gold medal. Hungary won the silver medal and the Czech Republic took bronze.
Louis Nouveau
Louis Nouveau (c. 1896–1966) was a French businessman who worked with the Pat O'Leary escape line (Pat Line) during World War II. The Pat Line helped stranded Allied soldiers and downed airmen escape France which had been defeated by Nazi Germany in June 1940. Nouveau, who was wealthy, and his wife Renée helped finance the Pat Line and gave temporary shelter to 145 allied soldiers and airmen in their Marseille apartment. Nouveau also guided groups of downed airmen from northern to southern France from where they were smuggled across the border to Spain and hence returned to the United Kingdom.

In February 1943, Nouveau was arrested by the German occupiers of France and spent the remainder of the war in Buchenwald concentration camp. His wife Renée and son Jean-Pierre escaped to England. Nouveau survived the concentration camp and was awarded the George Medal for his wartime service.

George Medal
The George Medal (GM), instituted on 24 September 1940 by King George VI, is a decoration of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth, awarded for gallantry, typically by civilians, or in circumstances where military honours are not appropriate.
John Cleary (rugby)
John Cleary (born 12 October 1938) is an Australian former rugby footballer.

Raised on the Darling Downs, Cleary attended Nudgee College as a boarder and pursued rugby union as his preferred sport while undertaking further studies at teacher's college in Toowoomba. He competed for the city's Harlequins club and also had a stint in Brisbane with Brothers. A breakaway, Cleary was a Queensland representative player and his appearances included a match against the 1959 British Lions.

Cleary switched to rugby league after getting a teaching position in Harrisville and competed for nearby Ipswich in the Bulimba Cup competition. He had his best season in 1963 when he broke into the Queensland side and won a place as a prop on the national squad for their 1963–64 tour of Europe. In 1964, Cleary relocated to Townsville for work and coached in the local competition.

Harrisville, Queensland
Harrisville is a rural town and locality in the Scenic Rim Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Harrisville had a population of 667 people.Harrisville is home to The Fassifern Bombers RLFC and The Fassifern Bombers JRLFC.
Our Troubled Youth
Our Troubled Youth is the Huggy Bear side of a split album they released with Bikini Kill (whose side was entitled Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah). It was released on International Women's Day 1993 on Catcall Records in the United Kingdom, and on the Kill Rock Stars label in the United States.

Kill Rock Stars
Kill Rock Stars is an independent record label founded in February 1991 by Slim Moon and Tinuviel Sampson, and based in both Olympia, Washington, and Portland, Oregon. The label has released a variety of work in different genres, but it was originally known for its commitment to underground punk rock bands and the Olympia area music scene.
Microbial synergy
Microbial synergy is a phenomenon in which aerobic and anaerobic microbes support each other's growth and proliferation. In this process aerobes invade and destroy host tissues, reduce tissue oxygen concentration and redox potential, thus creating favorable conditions for anaerobic growth and proliferation. Anaerobes grow and produce short chain fatty acids such as butyric acid, propionic acid. These short chain fatty acids inhibit phagocytosis of aerobes. Thus aerobes grow, proliferate and destroy more tissues. Microbial synergy complicates and delays the healing of surgical and other chronic wounds or ulcers such as diabetic foot ulcers, venous ulcers, pressure ulcers etc. Microbial synergy also helps with eliminating oxygen redox. This allows the growth of organisms without the effects of oxygen reacting negatively. As a result, Microbial growth increases because other organisms can grow in the absence of Oxygen redox.

Reduction potential
Redox potential (also known as oxidation / reduction potential, ORP, pe, , or ) is a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons from or lose electrons to an electrode and thereby be reduced or oxidised respectively. Redox potential is expressed in volts (V). Each species has its own intrinsic redox potential; for example, the more positive the reduction potential (reduction potential is more often used due to general formalism in electrochemistry), the greater the species' affinity for electrons and tendency to be reduced.
C. R. Praveen Nair
Vice Admiral Chempakvilas Rammohan Praveen Nair, AVSM, NM is a serving Flag officer in the Indian Navy. He currently serves as the Controller of Personnel Services (CPS) at Naval Headquarters.
He previously served as the Commandant of Indian Naval Academy, and as the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet. He earlier commanded the aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya (R33) and was the commissioning commanding officer of the guided missile destroyer INS Chennai (D65).

Vice admiral (India)
Vice admiral is a three-star flag officer rank in the Indian Navy. It is the second-highest active rank in the Indian Navy. Vice admiral ranks above the two-star rank of rear admiral and below the four-star rank of admiral, which is held by the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS).

The equivalent rank in the Indian Army is lieutenant general and in the Indian Air Force is air marshal. Officers in the rank of vice admiral hold important appointments at the naval commands and at the naval headquarters.
Pervomaysky Urban Settlement
Pervomaysky Urban Settlement or Pervomayskoye Urban Settlement is the name of several municipal formations in Russia.

Pervomaysky Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Work Settlement of Pervomaysky in Gorodetsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is incorporated as

Pervomaysky Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which Pervomaysky Settlement Council in Pervomaysky District of Tambov Oblast is incorporated as

Pervomaysky Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Urban-Type Settlement of Pervomaysky in Shchyokinsky District of Tula Oblast is incorporated as

Pervomayskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Work Settlement of Pervomaysky in Korkinsky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast is incorporated as

Pervomayskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the urban-type settlement of Pervomaysky and three rural localities in Shilkinsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai are incorporated as

Gorodetsky District
Gorodetsky District (Russian: Городе́цкий райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Gorodetsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,473.7 square kilometers (569.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Gorodets. Population: 91,577 (2010 Census);  64,700 (2002 Census); 69,451 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Gorodets accounts for 33.5% of the district's total population.
Nora Attal
Nora Maria Attal is a British-Moroccan fashion model. She has been on the cover of the September issue of British Vogue, Vogue Arabia, and Vogue. In January 2019 Attal ranked top 50 models and in 2022 listed as an Icon by models.com. She is listed in the Business of Fashion 500 shaping the global fashion industry.

Vogue Arabia
Vogue Arabia / Vogue العربية (stylised in all caps) is the Arabian-edition of the American fashion magazine Vogue. The magazine has been in operation since 2017. Based in the United Arab Emirates, the magazine is distributed across the Middle East.
White guilt
White guilt is a belief that white people bear a responsibility for the harm which has resulted from historical or current racist treatment of people belonging to other ethnic groups, as for example in the context of the Atlantic slave trade, European colonialism, and the genocide of indigenous peoples.

In certain regions of the Western world, it can be called white settler guilt, white colonial guilt, and other variations, which refer to the guilt more pointedly in relation to European settlement and colonization. The concept of white guilt has examples both historically and currently in the United States, Australia and to a lesser extent in Canada, The Netherlands, South Africa, France, and the United Kingdom. The feeling of white guilt has been described by psychologists such as Lisa Spanierman and Mary Heppner as one of the psychosocial consequences of racism for white individuals along with empathy for victims of racism and fear of non-white people.

Lisa Spanierman
Lisa Beth Spanierman is an American psychologist who is professor of Counseling and Counseling Psychology in the College of Integrative Sciences and Arts at Arizona State University. Her research focuses on racial attitudes, microaggressions, and related topics. A fellow of the American Psychological Association, she received the Fritz and Lynn Kuder Early Career Award from the Association's Society of Counseling Psychology in 2012. She is the co-author of the book Microaggressions in Everyday Life.