hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ELK Airways Flight 1007
On 23 November 2001, ELK Airways Flight 1007, an Antonov An-28 leased from Enimex, crashed on approach to Kärdla Airport, Hiiu County, after a domestic flight in Estonia from Tallinn Airport. Two of the aircraft's 17 occupants were killed. The investigation on the accident found out that the crash was a case of controlled flight into terrain, caused mainly by the crew's decision of switching from an instrument approach to visual approach, a decision that was made to avoid icing conditions. The accident is the only fatal passenger plane crash in the history of independent Estonia.

Hiiumaa
Hiiumaa (US: /ˈhiːʊmɑː, ˈhiːəmɑː/ HEE-uum-ah, -⁠ə-mah, Estonian: [ˈhiːumɑː]) is the second largest island in Estonia and is part of the West Estonian archipelago, in the Baltic Sea. It has an area of 989 km2 and is 22 km from the Estonian mainland. Its largest town is Kärdla. It is located within Hiiu County.
L-serine ammonia-lyase
The enzyme L-serine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.17) catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-serine = pyruvate + NH3 (overall reaction)
(1a) L-serine = 2-aminoprop-2-enoate + H2O
(1b) 2-aminoprop-2-enoate = 2-iminopropanoate (spontaneous)
(1c) 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH3 (spontaneous)

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically ammonia lyases, which cleave carbon-nitrogen bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-serine ammonia-lyase (pyruvate-forming). Other names in common use include serine deaminase, L-hydroxyaminoacid dehydratase, L-serine deaminase, L-serine dehydratase, and L-serine hydro-lyase (deaminating).  This enzyme participates in glycine, serine, threonine  and cysteine metabolism.  It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

Lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible (called a Michael reaction). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:

ATP → cAMP + PPi

Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction.
Academy Plastic Model
Academy Plastic Model Co., Ltd. (Korean: 아카데미과학주식회사) is a Korean plastic model, chemical, and toy company. It is headquartered in Uijeongbu-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea and was established on September 1, 1969. It holds three headquarters: in Seoul, Korea; Gelsenkirchen, Germany; and Rosario, Cavite, Philippines. Academy has developed and supplied over 500 products to more than 60 countries worldwide, and since 1989, Academy has won several Modell des Jahres awards for its product quality. Academy manufacturers plastic model kits, radio controlled cars, battery- and solar-powered educational models, sailboat models, acrylic and enamel model paints, airsoft guns, and various modelling tools and supplies.

Rosario, Cavite
Rosario, officially the Municipality of Rosario (Tagalog: Bayan ng Rosario),  is a municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 112,572 people.
Architecture of Wales
Architecture of Wales is an overview of architecture in Wales, the United Kingdom, from the medieval period to the present day, excluding castles and fortifications, ecclesiastical architecture and industrial architecture. It covers the history of domestic, commercial, and administrative architecture.

There is little evidence for domestic architecture predating the 14th century in Wales. Earliest architecture includes tower houses and first floor halls as well as early stone buildings. There are still some timber frame constructions that still exist that date back to the 12th century, the earliest being at Chepstow Castle in Monmouthshire.

Industrial architecture
Industrial architecture is the design and construction of buildings facilitating the needs of the industrial sector. The architecture revolving around the industrial world uses a variety of building designs and styles to consider the safe flow, distribution and production of goods and labor. Such buildings rose in importance with the Industrial Revolution, starting in Britain, and were some of the pioneering structures of modern architecture. Many of the architectural buildings revolving around the industry allowed for processing, manufacturing, distribution, and the storage of goods and resources. Architects also have to consider the safety measurements and workflow to ensure the smooth flow within the work environment located in the building.
David K. Dill
David K. Dill (July 7, 1955 – August 8, 2015) was an American politician and member of the Minnesota House of Representatives. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party, he represented District 3A in northeastern Minnesota. He was also a consultant, a commercial pilot and an aircraft and power plant mechanic.

Consultant
A consultant (from Latin: consultare "to deliberate") is a professional (also known as expert, specialist, see variations of meaning below) who provides advice or services in an area of specialization (generally to medium or large-size corporations). Consulting services generally fall under the domain of professional services, as contingent work.

The Harvard Business School defines a consultant as someone who advises on "how to modify, proceed in, or streamline a given process within a specialized field".
Se-yeon
Se-yeon is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Choi Se-yeon (born 1977), stage name Choi Kang-hee, South Korean actress

Jin Se-yeon (born 1994),  South Korean actress

Kim Se-yeon (born 1999), better known as Geguri, South Korean video game player

Fictional characters with this name include:

Kang Se-yeon, in 2006 South Korean television series Lovers

Oh Se-yeon, in 2018 South Korean television series Rich Man

Go Se-yeon, in 2019 South Korean television series Abyss

Jung Se-yeon, in 2020 South Korean television series True Beauty

Geguri
Kim Se-yeon (Korean: 김세연; Hanja: 金世娟, born June 26, 1999), better known as Geguri (게구리), is a South Korean professional Overwatch player who most recently played for the Shanghai Dragons of the Overwatch League.

Kim received international attention for the precision of her computer mouse movements; following an incident in 2016 in which other professional players accused her of using aim assist software, she proved her ability in a monitored studio and was signed to EHOME Spear, a professional team that ultimately disbanded without participation in the first-division APEX tournament. After a short stint with ROX Orcas, she signed with the Dragons in 2018 to become the first female player of the Overwatch League and was later named one of Time's 2019 "Next Generation Leaders."
Margaret Balfour
Margaret Balfour (1889 – January 1961) was an English classical contralto of the 1920s and 1930s.  She is best remembered as the angel in Elgar's own recorded excerpts of The Dream of Gerontius (1927) and one of the 16 soloists in the original performance of Vaughan Williams's Serenade to Music (1938).

She was also recorded by His Master's Voice singing Bach's Mass in B Minor with Elisabeth Schumann and the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Albert Coates in sessions in 1929 at Kingsway Hall, London. She sang in the St Matthew Passion in November 1929 (with Keith Falkner and Elsie Suddaby) at Westminster with the Bach Cantata Club under Charles Kennedy Scott. She sang in Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 with the BBC Choral Society and the BBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by Arturo Toscanini at the Queen's Hall, London, on 22 May 1939. She was a soloist at the Handel Festival conducted by Sir Henry Wood at Alexandra Palace in 1939.

Kingsway Hall
The Kingsway Hall in Holborn, London, was the base of the West London Mission (WLM) of the Methodist Church, and eventually became one of the most important recording venues for classical music and film music.
It was built in 1912 and demolished in 1998. Among the prominent Methodists associated with the Kingsway Hall was Donald Soper, who was Superintendent Minister at the West London Mission from 1936 until his retirement in 1978.
All Time Best: Original
All Time Best: Original (オールタイム・ベスト -オリジナル-, Ōru Taimu Besuto -Orijinaru-) is a compilation album by Japanese entertainer Akina Nakamori, released through Universal Music Japan on August 6, 2014. The compilation album is divided into two discs: The first disc includes 15 singles from the Warner Pioneer period and the second disc contains 15 singles from the MCA Victor and UMJ eras. It also includes the bonus track "Crazy Love", which was previously released only as a digital single, as well as the new single "Sweet Rain."

The album was released in regular and first-press editions. The first-press edition includes a DVD containing short footage of the acoustic live tour Nakamori Akina 2000: 21 Seiki e no Tabidachi (中森明菜2000『～21世紀への旅立ち～』; Akina Nakamori 2000: Departure to the 21st Century). The Special Edition includes the full version of the acoustic live tour.

Universal Music Japan
Universal Music LLC (Japanese: ユニバーサル ミュージック合同会社, Hepburn: Yunibāsaru myūjikku Gōdō gaisha), often referred to as just Universal Music Japan or UMJ, is a Japanese subsidiary of the Universal Music Group founded in 1990. It is the largest subsidiary for a foreign company in Japan regarding music distribution. The company is responsible for marketing and distribution in Japan for Japanese releases under Universal.

As of 2019, Universal Japan holds the second most shares in the Japanese music market, behind Sony Music Japan, and is followed by Avex.
Leon Jucewicz
Leon Jucewicz (November 18, 1902 – January 13, 1984) was a Polish speed skater who competed in the 1924 Winter Olympics. He was born in Szwekni, now in Latvia.

In 1924 he finished 17th in the 500 metres event, 15th in the 1500 metres competition, 16th in the 5000 metres event, and 14th in the 10000 metres competition. In the all-round event he finished eighth.

Speed skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics – Men's all-round
The all-round speed skating event was part of the speed skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics programme. It was a combined event of all four distances, which were held on Saturday, January 26, 1924 and on Sunday, January 27, 1924 during the Games. It was the only time that medals were awarded in all-round. Twenty-seven speed skaters from twelve nations were scheduled to compete, but four did not come to start at all, while another twelve abstained from one or more races, so that only eleven speed skaters from five nations competed in all four individual events.
Aniline Blue WS
Aniline Blue WS, also called aniline blue, diphenylamine blue, China blue, or Soluble blue, is a mixture of methyl blue and water blue. It may also be either one of them. It is a soluble dye used as a biological dye, in fluorescence microscopy, appearing a yellow-green colour after excitation with violet light. It is a mixture of the trisulfonates of triphenyl rosaniline and of diphenyl rosaniline.

Aniline blue or its constituents are used to stain collagen, as the fibre stain in Masson's trichrome, as well as to reveal callose structures in plant tissues.

It can also be used in other connective tissue stains, such as Mallory's  stain, Gömöri trichrome stain, and Carstair's Method. It is used in differential staining.

Connective tissue
Connective tissue is biological tissue that is found in between other tissues in the body. Most types of connective tissue consists of three main components: elastic and collagen fibers, ground substance, and cells.

It is one of the four primary types of animal tissue along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops mostly from the mesenchyme, derived from the mesoderm, the middle embryonic germ layer.

The three meninges, membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, are composed of connective tissue. Blood and lymph are classed as specialized fluid connective tissues that do not contain fiber. All are immersed in the body water. The cells of connective tissue include fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells and leukocytes.

The term "connective tissue" (in German, Bindegewebe) was introduced in 1830 by Johannes Peter Müller. The tissue was already recognized as a distinct class in the 18th century.
Hellenistic theatre of Dion
The largest building of the Archaeological Park of Dion in northern Greece is the Hellenistic-era theatre. It is located in the south of the village of Dion, Pieria and is often used during the summer for performances of the Olympus Festival.

Olympus Festival
Olympus Festival (Greek: Φεστιβάλ Ολύμπου) is an annual festival of music and theatre and a major cultural event in Greece. It is the largest event of its kind in northern Greece and takes place annually in the months of July and August. The aim is to provide both, the local population and tourists, with cultural entertainment and thus to promote the contact between different cultures and the tourism of the region. The festival is supported by the Greek Ministry of Culture and the former municipality of Dion, as well as by other local authorities in Pieria.
Full-reserve banking
Full-reserve banking (also known as 100% reserve banking) is a system of banking where banks do not lend demand deposits and instead only lend from time deposits. It differs from fractional-reserve banking, in which banks may lend funds on deposit, while fully reserved banks would be required to keep the full amount of each customer's demand deposits in cash, available for immediate withdrawal.

Monetary reforms that included full-reserve banking have been proposed in the past, notably in 1935 by a group of economists, including Irving Fisher, under the so-called "Chicago plan" as a response to the Great Depression. This proposal experienced a resurgence of interest among economists, central bankers, and citizen movements following the 2007-2008 global financial crisis.

Cash
Cash is money in the tangible form of currency, such as banknotes and coins.

In book-keeping and financial accounting, cash is current assets comprising currency or currency equivalents that can be accessed immediately or near-immediately (as in the case of money market accounts). Cash is seen either as a reserve for payments, in case of a structural or incidental negative cash flow, or as a way to avoid a downturn on financial markets.
Chile at the Paralympics
Chile has participated in the Paralympic Games since its debut at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, where it was represented by two athletes. The country has competed in every Summer Games since and made its first appearance in the Winter Paralympics in 2002. Chile won its first Paralympic gold medal at the 2012 London Games, when Cristian Valenzuela won the men's 5000 meters T11 event. In recent years, swimmer Alberto Abarza has also contributed to Chile’s medal tally, with a notable performance at the 2020 Tokyo Games. Chile has won a total of 13 Paralympic medals to date.

Cristian Valenzuela
Cristian Exequiel Valenzuela Guzmán (born 28 April 1983) is a visually impaired Paralympian with congenital glaucoma. He competed for Chile at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. He won his country's first Paralympic medal, gold, in the men's 5,000 metres T11 with a time of 15:26.26. His guide was Cristopher Guajardo.
Leccinum ambiguum
Leccinum ambiguum is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in the United States, it was described as new to science in 1971 by mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Harry Delbert Thiers.

Alexander H. Smith
Alexander Hanchett Smith (December 12, 1904 – December 12, 1986) was an American mycologist known for his extensive contributions to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the higher fungi, especially the agarics.
Man in the Shadows
Man in the Shadows (German: Mann im Schatten) is a 1961 Austrian crime film directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring Helmut Qualtinger, Ellen Schwiers and Barbara Frey. It was shot at the Rosenhügel Studios in Vienna and on location in the city. The film's sets were designed by the art director Fritz Moegle. It was distributed in West German market, important for Austrian films, by UFA.

Arthur Maria Rabenalt
Arthur Maria Rabenalt (25 June 1905 – 26 February 1993) was an Austrian film director, writer, and author. He directed more than 90 films between 1934 and 1978. His 1958 film That Won't Keep a Sailor Down was entered into the 1st Moscow International Film Festival. Two years later, his 1960 film Big Request Concert was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival. His career encompassed both Nazi cinema and West German productions. He also wrote several books on the 1930s and 1940s wave of German cinema.
Joe Devine Airway Park
Joe Devine Airway Park was a minor league baseball stadium in the western United States, located in Boise, Idaho. Opened in 1939, the ballpark was the home of Boise's teams (Pilots, Yankees, Braves) in the Class C Pioneer League, which briefly moved to Class A in 1963, the final year of the Braves and the ballpark.

Originally named "Airway Park," it was the home of the Pilots and was a few blocks east of the Boise Airport, then located at the present-day campus of Boise State University. The city donated 11 acres (4.5 ha) of the western portion of Municipal Park (now Kristin Armstrong Municipal Park) in 1939 for the ballpark.

North of the nearby Boise River, the elevation of the natural grass field was approximately 2,700 feet (825 m) above sea level, and it was aligned to the southeast; the recommended alignment (home plate to center field) is east-northeast. Opened with a seating capacity of 3,000, it was increased to 5,000 after World War II.

Boise River
The Boise River is a 102-mile-long (164 km) tributary of the Snake River in the Northwestern United States. It drains a rugged portion of the Sawtooth Range in southwestern Idaho northeast of Boise, as well as part of the western Snake River Plain. The watershed encompasses approximately 4,100 square miles (11,000 km2) of highly diverse habitats, including alpine canyons, forest, rangeland, agricultural lands, and urban areas.
Charles Furse (priest)
Charles Wellington Furse, MA, JP (born Johnson; 16 April 1821 – 2 August 1900) was Archdeacon of Westminster from 1894  until his death.

Furse was the third son of Charles Wellington Johnson, of Great Torrington, Devon, and his wife Theresa Furze. In 1854 he changed his surname from Johnson to Furse in order to inherit from his maternal uncle John Furze (Furse). He was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1848. After curacies at St Andrew the Apostle, Clewer and Christ Church, Albany Street he was Vicar of Staines. He was then Principal of Cuddesdon Theological College and concurrently Chaplain to the Bishop of Oxford. He was the incumbent at St John's, Smith Square, Westminster from 1883 until his appointment as Archdeacon of Westminster.

Great Torrington
Great Torrington (often abbreviated to Torrington, though the villages of Little Torrington and Black Torrington are situated in the same region) is a market town in Devon, England. Parts of it are sited on high ground with steep drops down to the River Torridge below, with the lower-lying parts of the town prone to occasional flooding. Torrington is in the centre of Tarka Country, a landscape captured by Henry Williamson in his novel Tarka the Otter in 1927. Great Torrington has one of the most active volunteering communities in the United Kingdom.

In July 2019, Great Torrington was reported to be the healthiest place to live in Britain. Researchers from the University of Liverpool found that the area had low levels of pollution, good access to green space and health services, along with few retail outlets.
Ned Abraham
Ned Abraham (born Nedeem Ibrahim on November 11, 1961)  was an Associate Professor of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales and is a general & colorectal surgeon, a clinical academic and a retired Australian Army Reserve Officer. He has spoken at multiple national and international meetings in four continents and his published articles in general surgery, colorectal and academic surgery have been cited in the medical literature close to two thousand times. He continues to practice surgery in Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.

Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (abbreviated RPAH or RPA) is a large teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia, located on Missenden Road in Camperdown. It is a teaching hospital of the Central Clinical School of the Sydney Medical School at the University of Sydney and is situated in proximity to the Blackburn Building of the university's main campus. RPAH is the largest hospital in the Sydney Local Health District, with approximately 1200 beds. Following a $350 million redevelopment, the perinatal hospital King George V Memorial Hospital has been incorporated into it.

An Australian television documentary, RPA, was filmed there from 1995 to 2012, depicting the everyday workings of a major metropolitan hospital.
Homoserine O-succinyltransferase
In enzymology, a homoserine O-succinyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.46) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

succinyl-CoA + L-homoserine  CoA + O-succinyl-L-homoserine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are succinyl-CoA and L-homoserine, whereas its two products are CoA and O-succinyl-L-homoserine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is succinyl-CoA:L-homoserine O-succinyltransferase. Other names in common use include homoserine O-transsuccinylase, and homoserine succinyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in methionine metabolism and sulfur metabolism.

Sulfur metabolism
Sulfur is metabolized by all organisms, from bacteria and archaea to plants and animals. Sulfur can have an oxidation state from −2 to +6 and is reduced or oxidized by a diverse range of organisms. The element is present in proteins, sulfate esters of polysaccharides, steroids, phenols, and sulfur-containing coenzymes.
Back-arc region
The back-arc region is the area behind a volcanic arc. In island volcanic arcs, it consists of back-arc basins of oceanic crust with abyssal depths, which may be separated by remnant arcs, similar to island arcs. In continental arcs, the back-arc region is part of the continental platform, either dry land (subaerial) or forming shallow marine basins.

Continental arc
A continental arc is a type of volcanic arc occurring as an "arc-shape" topographic high region along a continental margin. The continental arc is formed at an active continental margin where two tectonic plates meet, and where one plate has continental crust and the other oceanic crust along the line of plate convergence, and a subduction zone develops. The magmatism and petrogenesis of continental crust are complicated: in essence, continental arcs reflect a mixture of oceanic crust materials, mantle wedge and continental crust materials.