hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polytech Group (France)
The Polytech Group (Réseau des écoles Polytech, or Écoles polytechniques, in French) is a French network of 15 public graduate schools of engineering (Grandes Écoles) within France's leading technological universities:

15 schools + 4 partner schools

over 100 engineering majors

17,500 students

3800 graduates p.a.

1350 doctoral students

All the schools in the group offer are accredited by the Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur (CTI) to award the French Diplôme d'Ingénieur in various specialties. In France, engineering studies are organized according to framework of the European Higher Education Area; the  French engineering degree is a master's degree obtained after validation of 300 ECTS credits.

European Higher Education Area
The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) was launched in March 2010, during the Budapest-Vienna Ministerial Conference, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the Bologna Process.

As the main objective of the Bologna Process since its inception in 1999, the EHEA was meant to ensure more comparable, compatible and coherent higher education systems in Europe. Between 1999 and 2010, all the efforts of the Bologna Process members were targeted to creating the European Higher Education Area, which became reality with the Budapest-Vienna Declaration of March 2010. In order to join the EHEA, a country must sign and ratify the European Cultural Convention treaty.

Denmark was the first country outside the UK and the US to introduce the 3+2+3 system.
1924 Paul Quinn Tigers football team
The 1924 Paul Quinn Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Paul Quinn College in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1924 college football season. In their second season under head coach Harry Long, the team compiled a 6–0–3 record. The 1924 Paul Quinn team was recognized as the black college national champion. The team played its home games at Jackson Field in Waco, Texas.

Black college football national championship
The Black college football national championship, also named the HBCU football championship, is a national championship honor that, since 1920, has been regularly bestowed upon the best college football teams among historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) within the United States. The 2025 HBCU football champions are the South Carolina State Bulldogs.
The Masquerader (play)
The Masquerader is a 1917 play by the American weiter John Hunter Booth. It premiered in New York City on 3 September 1917. It was based on the 1904 novel The Masquerader by Katherine Cecil Thurston. A leading British politician chooses to swap places with his cousin, a journalist who is his doppelganger. This leads to a dilemma for his wife who falls in love with the double.

Doppelgänger
A doppelgänger (/ˈdɒpəlɡɛŋər, -ɡæŋ-/ DOP-əl-gheng-ər, -⁠gang-, also doppelgaenger and doppelganger) is a supernatural double of a living person, especially one who haunts the doubled person.

In fiction and mythology and in common parlance, the doppelgänger either is a ghost or a paranormal phenomenon, usually perceived as the harbinger of bad luck. A literary example of  the doppelgänger is the evil twin of the protagonist. In modern times, the term twin stranger is occasionally used.
En Orient
En Orient: impressions et réminiscences  is a travel journal written by the Russian Nikolai Vladimirovich Adlerberg (1819-1892) in 1860. Adlerberg was a military man, politician, celebrity and Orthodox. This book is divided into two volumes, both depicting Adlerberg's family religious pilgrimage to Constantinople. He claims that the aim of his volumes is to describe his pious memories and more specifically those of Holy places and Jesus Christ. The first edition of both volumes was published in French 1867 by the Imprimerie Centrale du ministère des finances in St-Petersburg. The original edition of the first volume counts 532 pages and the second volume, 520.

BiblioBazaar
BiblioBazaar is, with Nabu Press, an imprint of the historical reprints publisher BiblioLife, which is based in Charleston, South Carolina and owned by BiblioLabs LLC.

BiblioBazaar / Nerbles, LLC produced, in printable electronic form, 272,930 titles in 2009, although these were used by means of an automated computerized process, using scanned text and generic stock photography for the covers. They see themselves less as publishers than as a software company.
OCESA Seitrack
OCESA Seitrack (formerly Seitrack Management and Seitrack Música) is a Mexican entertainment company established in 2002, owned by Grupo CIE through its OCESA subsidiary. The company operates as a record label, music publisher and talent agency.

Ana Torroja
Ana Torroja Fungairiño, 3rd Marchioness of Torroja (born 28 December 1959) is a Spanish singer and aristocrat. She was the lead singer of the pop trio Mecano, considered one of the most popular pop bands from Spain during the 1980s and 1990s. Mecano split in 1998, and she embarked on a solo career.
Aarau
Aarau (Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːraʊ], Alemannic German pronunciation: [ˈɑːræu̯]) is a town, a municipality, and the capital of the northern Swiss canton of Aargau. The town is also the capital of the district of Aarau. It is German-speaking and predominantly Protestant. Aarau is situated on the Swiss plateau, in the valley of the Aare, on the river's right bank, and at the southern foot of the Jura Mountains, and is west of Zurich, 58 kilometres (36 miles) south of Basel and 65 kilometres (40 miles) northeast of Bern. The municipality borders directly on the canton of Solothurn to the west. It is the largest town in Aargau. At the beginning of 2010 Rohr became a district of Aarau.

The official language of Aarau is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance (German: Schweizerisches Inventar der Kulturgüter von nationaler und regionaler Bedeutung; French: Inventaire suisse des biens culturels d'importance nationale et régionale; Italian: Inventario dei beni culturali svizzeri d'importanza nazionale e regionale) is a register of cultural property in Switzerland. It was established according to article 5 of the second protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, which provides for the establishment of national registers of cultural property.
Frank Bettger
Franklin Lyle Bettger (February 15, 1888 – November, 27, 1981), also known as Frank Betcher, was an American self-help book author and lecturer. He was a minor league baseball player and briefly played in the major leagues for the St. Louis Cardinals as a third baseman. He is the father of actor Lyle Bettger.

Self-help book
A self-help book is a book or text that is written with the intention to instruct its readers how to solve their personal problems. They take their name from Self-Help, an 1859 best-selling book by Samuel Smiles, but are sometimes known and classified as "self-improvement" books and media. Self-help books moved from a position in a niche market to much wider adoption and use in the late twentieth century.
Mius-Front
The Mius-Front was a heavily fortified German Nazi defensive line along the Mius River in the Donbas region of the Soviet Union and Ukraine during World War II.

It was created by the Germans in October 1941, under direction of General Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist. By the summer of 1943, the Mius-Front consisted of three defense lines with a total depth of 40–50 kilometres (25–31 mi).

Defense line
A defense line or fortification line is a geographically recognizable line of troops and armament, fortified and set up to protect a high-value location or defend territory, which is an "area of defense".

A defense line may be based on natural difficult terrain features, such as rivers or marshes, mountain ranges, or coastlines; temporary field fortification works such as trenches; and/or more permanent fortifications such as fortresses and bunkers.

For the offensive army, the goal is to attack or "breach" the weakest part, "the easiest way to split the defense line and move to the depth of defense.
Open educational resources policy
Open educational resources (OER) are learning materials that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. OER policies (also sometimes known as laws, regulations, strategies, guidelines, principles or tenets) are adopted by governments, institutions or organisations in support of the creation and use of open content, specifically open educational resources (OER), and related open educational practices.

Free license
A free license or open license is a license that allows copyrighted work to be reused, modified, and redistributed. These uses are normally prohibited by copyright, patent or other Intellectual property (IP) laws. The term broadly covers free content licenses and open-source licenses, also known as free software licenses.
Arthur Kemble
Arthur Twiss Kemble (3 February 1862 – 13 March 1925) was an English sportsman who played international rugby union for England and first-class cricket with Lancashire.

Kemble, a wicket-keeper, made his first-class debut in 1885 but had to wait until the retirement of gloveman Dick Pilling to become a regular fixture in the team. He had 50 dismissals in the 1891 season, the most by any wicket-keeper that year in English first-class cricket. Although he was unable to repeat his effort of effecting the most dismissals the following season, 1892, he did finish with the most stumpings. Other first-class teams that he played for during his career include AJ Webbe's XI, CI Thornton's XI and the Gentlemen of England.

On the rugby field, Kemble played for Liverpool. A forward, he was capped three times for England. He made two appearances in the 1885 Home Nations Championship, both of which England won. His other Test cap came against Ireland in the 1887 Home Nations.

Liverpool St Helens F.C.
Liverpool St Helens Football Club is an English rugby union team formed from the merger of Liverpool Football Club and St Helens RUFC. The institution is not to be confused with either Liverpool F.C. (playing association football) or St. Helens (playing rugby league).
Nikon AF-S Zoom-Nikkor 17-35mm f/2.8D ED-IF
The 17-35mm f/2.8D ED-IF AF-S Nikkor is an F-mount zoom lens manufactured and sold by Nikon. For 35mm format cameras, this lens covers a wide-angle range, and is well known as a photojournalists' lens. For Nikon DX format cameras, this lens covers a wide-to-normal range.

It is generally considered to be one of the finest zoom lenses ever produced, comparing favorably with many wide-angle prime Nikkor lenses. As of 2006, Photozone.de ranks the lens in 4th place among all Nikkors both prime and zoom, and in first place among all zoom lenses by any manufacturer.

It replaces the older AF Zoom-Nikkor 20-35mm f/2.8 IF lens.

Prime lens
In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens (as opposed to a zoom lens), typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2. The term can also mean the primary lens in a combination lens system.
Confusion between these two meanings can occur without clarifying context. Alternate terms, such as primary focal length, fixed focal length, or FFL are sometimes used to avoid ambiguity.
Blas Cabrera
Blas Cabrera y Felipe (May 20, 1878 – August 1, 1945) was a Spanish physicist. He worked in the domain of experimental physics with focus in the magnetic properties of matter. He is considered one of the greatest scientists of Spain and one of the founders of the study of physical sciences in his country.

International Bureau of Weights and Measures
The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (French: Bureau international des poids et mesures, BIPM) is an intergovernmental organisation, through which its 64 member-states act on measurement standards in areas including chemistry, ionising radiation, physical metrology, as well as the International System of Units (SI) and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). It is headquartered in the Pavillon de Breteuil in Saint-Cloud, near Paris, France. The organisation has been referred to as IBWM (from its name in English) in older literature.
Pincian Hill
The Pincian Hill (/ˈpɪnʃ(i)ən/ PIN-sh(ee-)ən; Italian: Pincio [ˈpintʃo]; Latin: Mons Pincius) is a hill in the northeast quadrant of the historical centre of Rome.  The hill lies to the north of the Quirinal, overlooking the Campus Martius. It was outside the original boundaries of the ancient city of Rome, and was not one of the Seven hills of Rome, but it lies within the wall built by Roman Emperor Aurelian between 270 and 273.

Quirinal Hill
The Quirinal Hill (/ˈkwɪrɪnəl/ KWIRR-in-əl; Latin: Collis Quirinalis; Italian: Quirinale [kwiriˈnaːle]) is one of the Seven Hills of Rome, at the north-east of the city center. It is the location of the official residence of the Italian head of state, who resides in the Quirinal Palace; by metonymy "the Quirinal" has come to stand for the Italian president. The Quirinal Palace has an area of 1.2 million ft2 (11 ha; 28 acres).
Five Mountains
This is a disambiguation page.

For the Five Great Zen Temples in Kamakura and Kyoto, see Five Mountain System. The same relates to the Japanese Zen temple ranking system.

For the Five Mountains literature, see Japanese Literature of the Five Mountains.

For the Five Mountain Peaks in Chinese culture, see Sacred Mountains of China.

For the Five Mountain Peaks in Korean culture, see Five Mountains of Korea.

Literature of the Five Mountains
The Gozan Bungaku or literature of the Five Mountains (Japanese: 五山文学) is the literature produced by the principal Zen (禅) monastic centers of in Kyoto and Kamakura, Japan. The term also refers to five Zen centers in China in Hangzhou and Ningbo that inspired zen in Japan, while the term "mountain" refers to Buddhist monastery.

Five Mountains literature or gozan bungaku (五山文學) is used collectively to refer to the poetry and prose in Chinese produced by Japanese monks who were active mostly during the 14th and 15th centuries.  Notable writers of the genre include Musō Soseki, Ikkyū Sōjun, Zekkai Chūsin (絶海中津), Sesson Yūbai, Gidō Shūshin, Jakushitsu Genkō, Chūgan Engetsu and Kokan Shiren. Also included are works by Chinese monks residing in Japan such as Seisetsu Shōchō (Qingzhuo Zhengcheng) and Jikusen Bonsen (竺仙梵僊, Zhuxian Fanxian)
Theatre of Sri Lanka
The Theatre of Sri Lanka encompasses many different languages and traditions. Sinhalese language theatre originated from traditional rituals and folk dramas in the 19th century. Until that period, the art was confined to small villages and didn't have a national presence. Influential dramatist Ediriweera Sarachchandra attributes this to the influence of Theravada Buddhism, which he believes to have "tended more toward solitary contemplation and the attainment of insight than towards congregational practices or participation in community life" .

Maradana
6°55′42″N 79°51′51″E﻿ / ﻿6.92833°N 79.86417°E﻿ / 6.92833; 79.86417

Maradana is a suburb of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Maradana is the site of Maradana Railway Station, one of the primary railway hubs in the country, serving intercity rail and commuter rail. Maradana also has many railway yards and running sheds. A technical college, many national schools, the Lotus Tower, and business institutions are also located in the area.

A statue of Colonel Henry Steel Olcott, the founder of the Theosophical Society and the first well-known person of European ancestry to make a formal conversion to Buddhism, is located in Maradana.
Christine Soetewey
Maria-Christine Soetewey (married Van Vlierberghe) (born 19 August 1957 in Kapellen) is a retired Belgian high jumper.

She finished ninth at the 1980 European Indoor Championships, twelfth at the 1980 Olympic Games, ninth at the 1982 European Indoor Championships, sixth at the 1983 European Indoor Championships, fifteenth at the 1983 World Championships, fourth at the 1984 European Indoor Championships, seventh at the 1985 World Indoor Games, and fourteenth at the 1987 European Indoor Championships. She also competed at the 1984 Olympic Games without reaching the final.

She became Belgian champion in 1979, 1980 and from 1982 to 1987.

Her personal best jump was 1.94 metres, achieved in July 1983 in Brussels.

1982 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 1982 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at Palasport di San Siro in Milan, a city in Italy, on 6 and 7 March 1982. It was the second time the championships were held in Milan after the 1978 edition.
Italian submarine Leonardo da Vinci (1939)
Leonardo da Vinci was a Marconi-class submarine of the  Italian navy during World War II. It operated in the Atlantic from September 1940 until its loss in May 1943, and became the top scoring non-German submarine of the entire war.

Regia Marina
The Regia Marina (Italian for 'Royal Navy', pronounced [ˈrɛːdʒa maˈriːna]) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").
Tevita Vuibau
Tevita Komaidruka Vuibau was born on the 24 January 1956. He is a marine geology specialist and former principal scientific officer in the Mineral Resource Department.  In January 2007 he was appointed to the interim cabinet as Minister for Lands and Mineral Resources.

Marine geology
Marine geology or geological oceanography is the study of the history and structure of the ocean floor. It involves geophysical, geochemical, sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal zone. Marine geology has strong ties to geophysics and to physical oceanography.

Marine geological studies were of extreme importance in providing the critical evidence for sea floor spreading and plate tectonics in the years following World War II. The deep ocean floor is the last essentially unexplored frontier and detailed mapping in support of economic (petroleum and metal mining), natural disaster mitigation, and academic objectives.
Brief Encounters (TV series)
Brief Encounters is a British comedy-drama series created by Oriane Messina and Fay Rusling. The series is loosely based on Gold Group International CEO Jacqueline Gold's 1995 memoir, Good Vibrations, and details the beginning of the Ann Summers retailer company, through four women who see the potential of finding happiness and fulfillment by selling lingerie and sex toys to women in the privacy of their own homes. The series was produced by CPL Productions for broadcast on ITV and aired from 4 July to 8 August 2016. Filming took place between January and April 2016 in Sheffield. It was well received by critics. The show was cancelled by ITV two months after the airing of last episode.

Celador
CPL Productions (formerly Celador) is an independent television and radio production company run by Danielle Lux, Murray Boland and Janet Oakes.  It was formed in the United Kingdom in 1981 as an independent television production company. It created and produced a number of popular light entertainment shows and is best known for the TV format Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and the film Slumdog Millionaire which, in 2009, collected seven BAFTAs, four Golden Globes and eight Oscars including Best Director and Best Picture.
Samson Ramadhani
Samson Ramadhani Nyonyi (born 25 December 1982 in Singida) is a Tanzanian marathon runner. He was the gold medalist at the 2006 Commonwealth Games that took place in Melbourne, Australia with the result at 2:11:29.

In 2003 he participated three marathons: He won the Beppu Oita Marathon, was fifth at the London Marathon (time 2:08:01, still his personal best) and was 15th at the World Championships in Paris.

He finished 40th at the 2004 Olympic Games, and 5th at the 2005 World Championships.

In 2007 he won the Lake Biwa Marathon and competed at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka finishing 25th. At the 2008 Olympic marathon he finished 55th, and 66th at the 2012 Men's marathon.

Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon
The Men's marathon at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place on August 29 in the streets of Athens, Greece where one hundred and one athletes from 59 nations competed. The event was won by Stefano Baldini of Italy, the nation's first victory in the event since 1988 and second overall. The United States reached the podium in the event for the first time since 1976 with Meb Keflezighi's silver. Vanderlei de Lima took bronze, Brazil's first-ever medal in the men's marathon.

As with the previous Games, the marathon also marked the end of the 2004 Summer Olympics and the medal ceremony took place during the closing ceremony at the Olympic Stadium.

The event was mired in controversy after the organisers rejected an appeal for Vanderlei de Lima to be awarded gold. He was leading the race when he was tackled by a spectator, relegating him to third.
The Body in the Silo
The Body in the Silo is a 1933 detective novel by the British author Ronald Knox. It is the third in a series of five novels featuring the insurance investigator Miles Bredon, one of the many detectives of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.  It is a country house mystery taking place in Herefordshire close to the Welsh border. It was published in the United States by Dutton under the alternative title Settled Out of Court.

Golden Age of Detective Fiction
The Golden Age of Detective Fiction was an era of classic murder mystery novels of similar patterns and styles, predominantly in the 1920s and 1930s. While the Golden Age proper is usually taken to refer to works from that period, this type of fiction has been written since at least 1911 and is still being written.

In his history of the detective story, Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel, the author Julian Symons heads two chapters devoted to the Golden Age as "the Twenties" and "the Thirties". Symons notes that Philip Van Doren Stern's article, "The Case of the Corpse in the Blind Alley" (1941), "could serve ... as an obituary for the Golden Age." Authors Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, Margery Allingham, and Ngaio Marsh have been collectively called the Queens of Crime.
Olympiaschanze
Olympiaschanze was a ski jumping venue in St. Moritz, Switzerland, it was built in 1926 and closed in 2006. The ski jumping and the ski jumping part of the Nordic combined event for the 1928 Winter Olympics.

Its K-point was 66 m.

Nordic combined at the 1928 Winter Olympics
At the 1928 Winter Olympics one individual Nordic combined event was contested. It was held on Friday, February 17, 1928 (cross-country skiing) and on Saturday, February 18, 1928 (ski jumping). Unlike today the ski jump was the last event held. Both events were also individual medal events.
John Bartlett (Newfoundland politician)
John Bartlett (c. 1841 – July 15, 1925) was a mariner and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Port de Grave in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1873 to 1874 and from 1882 to 1886.

He was born in Brigus. Bartlett was a master mariner and sealing captain. He transported Robert E. Peary during Peary's early unsuccessful attempts to reach the North Pole. His nephew Robert Bartlett later worked with Peary and was an Arctic explorer in his own right. Bartlett died in Brigus in 1925.

Newfoundland Colony
Newfoundland was an English, and later British, colony established in 1610 on the island of Newfoundland. That followed decades of sporadic English settlement on the island, which was at first only seasonal. Newfoundland was made a Crown colony in 1824 and a dominion in 1907. Its economy collapsed during the Great Depression. On 16 February 1934, the Newfoundland legislature agreed to the creation of a six-member Commission of Government to govern the country. In 1949, the country voted to join Canada as the province of Newfoundland.