hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Geophysical Research
The Journal of Geophysical Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. It is the flagship journal of the American Geophysical Union. It contains original research on the physical, chemical, and biological processes that contribute to the understanding of the Earth, Sun, and Solar System. It has seven sections: A (Space Physics), B (Solid Earth), C (Oceans), D (Atmospheres), E (Planets), F (Earth Surface), and G (Biogeosciences). All current and back issues are available online for subscribers.

American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international fields within the Earth and space sciences. The geophysical sciences involve four fundamental areas: atmospheric and ocean sciences; solid-Earth sciences; hydrologic sciences; and space sciences. The organization's headquarters is located on Florida Avenue in Washington, D.C.
Trouble in Jerusalem
Trouble in Jerusalem is an album by the Lebanese oud player and composer Rabih Abou-Khalil, conceived as a soundtrack to the 1922 German silent film Nathan the Wise, which was recorded in Germany in 2009 and released on the Enja label the following year.

Enja Records
Enja Records is a German jazz record company and label based in Munich which was founded by jazz enthusiasts Matthias Winckelmann and Horst Weber in 1971.

The label's first release was by Mal Waldron, and early releases included European and Japanese avant-garde artists such as Alexander von Schlippenbach, Terumasa Hino, Albert Mangelsdorff and Yōsuke Yamashita, along with newer American jazz musicians like Archie Shepp, Cecil Taylor, Leroy Jenkins and Eric Dolphy and straight-ahead musicians such as Tommy Flanagan, McCoy Tyner, Chet Baker, Freddie Hubbard, Elvin Jones, and Kenny Barron. The label also branched out to release early world music productions from Abdullah Ibrahim, Rabih Abou-Khalil, Mahmoud Turkmani, Gypsy bands, Indonesia's Monica Akihary, and Turkish saz virtuoso Taner Akyol.
Salutaridine reductase (NADPH)
In enzymology, salutaridine reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.1.1.248) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are salutaridine, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and a proton. Its products are salutaridinol and oxidised NADPH+. This conversion is part of the morphinan alkaloid pathway in Papaver somniferum.

The enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is salutaridinol:NADP+ 7-oxidoreductase.

Morphinan
Morphinan is the prototype chemical structure of a large chemical class of psychoactive drugs, consisting of opiate analgesics, cough suppressants, and dissociative hallucinogens, among others. Typical examples include compounds such as morphine, codeine, and dextromethorphan (DXM). Despite related molecular structures, the pharmacological profiles and mechanisms of action between the various types of morphinan substances can vary substantially. They tend to function either as μ-opioid receptor agonists (analgesics), or NMDA receptor antagonists (dissociatives).
Speedway Field
Speedway Field was the original name for the airfield that evolved into Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport, the twelfth busiest airport in the United States; it was also the largest hub for Northwest Airlines and is the second largest hub for Delta Air Lines, Northwest's successor.

Speedway Field has its beginning on December 11, 1919, when the Adjutant General recommended to civic groups of Minneapolis and Saint Paul in the U.S. state of Minnesota that the site of the bankrupted Twin City Motor Speedway be acquired for a new airfield.

The 160 acres (0.65 km2) of land inside the concrete race track oval was first used as an airfield in 1920. It was known as "Speedway Field" and also "Snelling Field" before being dedicated Wold-Chamberlain Field after two World War I pilots, Ernest Groves Wold and Cyrus Foss Chamberlain on July 10, 1923.

Delta Air Lines
Delta Air Lines, Inc. is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, operating nine hubs, with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being its largest in terms of total passengers and number of departures. With its regional subsidiaries and contractors operating under the brand name Delta Connection, Delta has over 5,400 flights daily and serves 325 destinations in 52 countries on six continents.

Delta is a founding member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. It is the second-oldest operating commercial airline in the U.S. It ranks first in revenue and brand value among the world's largest airlines, and second by number of passengers carried and passenger miles flown.
Kara Killmer
Kara Killmer (born June 14, 1988) is an American actress, best known for  starring as paramedic Sylvie Brett in the NBC drama series Chicago Fire (as well as the associated series Chicago Med and Chicago P.D., which together make up the One Chicago franchise), from 2014 to 2024. Prior to that, she starred in the short-lived 2010 Hulu original reality web series If I Can Dream.

Chicago Med
Chicago Med is an American medical drama series broadcast by NBC and created by Dick Wolf as the third installment of the Chicago franchise. It stars Nick Gehlfuss, Yaya DaCosta, Torrey DeVitto, Rachel DiPillo, Colin Donnell, Brian Tee, S. Epatha Merkerson, Oliver Platt, Marlyne Barrett, Norma Kuhling, Dominic Rains, Steven Weber, Guy Lockard, Kristen Hager, Jessy Schram, Luke Mitchell, Sarah Ramos and Darren Barnet. It premiered on November 17, 2015. Chicago Med follows the emergency department doctors and nurses of the fictional Gaffney Chicago Medical Center. As they work to save lives, these members deal with the personal and professional pressures of their jobs.

In March 2024, the series was renewed for a tenth season, which premiered on September 25, 2024. In May 2025, the series was renewed for an eleventh season which premiered on October 1, 2025.
Neural gas
Neural gas is an artificial neural network, inspired by the self-organizing map and introduced in 1991 by Thomas Martinetz and Klaus Schulten. The neural gas is a simple algorithm for finding optimal data representations based on feature vectors. The algorithm was coined "neural gas" because of the dynamics of the feature vectors during the adaptation process, which distribute themselves like a gas within the data space. It is applied where data compression or vector quantization is an issue, for example speech recognition, image processing or pattern recognition. As a robustly converging alternative to the k-means clustering it is also used for cluster analysis.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
Santuario della Brugarola
Santuario della Brugarola is a sanctuary in Ailoche, Province of Biella in the Italian region of Piedmont. It was built in 1722 and dedicated to the Madonna d'Oropa.

Added to the church there is a structure once used as lodging by the hermits.

Together with Banchette Sanctuary in Bioglio and the Brughiera sanctuary in Trivero is part of the minor sanctuaries, all connected by the two ways CoEur - In the heart of European paths and Path of Saint Charles.

It was built in 1722 around the votive column where was painted the Black Madonna di Oropa. The façade is decorated with stucco and statues. The central altar is devoted to the Virgin Mary, represented between Eusebius of Vercelli and Bernard of Menthon. The side altars are dedicated to Saint Peter and Francis of Assisi.

Oropa
Oropa is a frazione of the municipality of Biella, in Piedmont, northern Italy. It is known for the Black Virgin of Oropa statue, which is located in the Sanctuary of Oropa, the basilica of the Sacro Monte di Oropa, one of the Sacri Monti. It is an important destination for local tourism and pilgrimage.

In 1874 was established a meteorogical station by Francesco Denza.

In 1998 was opened the botanical garden.
Inca jay
The Inca jay (Cyanocorax yncas) is a bird species of the New World jays, which is native to the Andes of South America. It is widely known as querrequerre in Spanish, an onomatopoeic name derived from the bird's call.

Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is a type of word, or the process of creating a word, that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests a sound that it refers to. Common onomatopoeias in English include animal noises such as oink, meow, roar, and chirp, among various other noise-based verbs and nouns such as beep, simmer, or hiccup. Among the many words that likely began as onomatopoeias but whose original expressive iconicity goes unrecognized by modern speakers, examples include fanfare, pigeon, and cough.

Onomatopoeia tends to differ by language: it conforms to the broader linguistic system (conforming to its particular phonetic rules. Hence, the sound of a clock may be expressed variously across languages: as tick tock in English, tic tac in Spanish and Italian (see photo),  dī dā in Mandarin, kachi kachi in Japanese, or ṭik-ṭik in Hindi, Urdu, and Bengali.
It's Just My Funny Way of Laughin'
It's Just My Funny Way of Laughin' is a 1962 album by Burl Ives, recorded in Nashville, Tennessee. It rose to No. 24 on Billboard's 1962 Pop Albums Chart. During the same year, the title song, composed by Hank Cochran, reached No. 3 on Billboard's Contemporary Adult Singles Chart, No. 9 on the Country Singles Chart, and No. 10 on the Pop Singles Chart. The title song earned Ives a Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording. Another song, "Call Me Mr. In-Between," composed by Harlan Howard, peaked at No. 3 on the Country Singles Chart, No. 6 on the Adult Contemporary Singles Chart, and No. 19 on the Pop Singles Chart.

"What You Gonna Do, Leroy" was covered by Buddy Miller and Julie Miller for their 2009 album Written in Chalk

Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording
The Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording was awarded from 1959 to 1968.  From 1959 to 1961 the award was presented as the Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Performance.  1965 and 1966 the award category was called Best Country & Western Single.  This award was the lone country music Grammy category from 1959 to 1964.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.
Spermicide
Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that destroys sperm, inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy. As a contraceptive, spermicide may be used alone.  However, the pregnancy rate experienced by couples using only spermicide is higher than that of couples using other methods.  Usually, spermicides are combined with contraceptive barrier methods such as diaphragms, condoms, cervical caps, and sponges.  Combined methods are believed to result in lower pregnancy rates than either method alone.

Spermicides are typically unscented, clear, unflavored, non-staining, and lubricative.

Triton X-100
Triton X-100 (C14H22O(C2H4O)n) is a nonionic surfactant that has a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide chain (on average it has 9.5 ethylene oxide units) and an aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic or hydrophobic group. The hydrocarbon group is a 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl group. Triton X-100 is closely related to IGEPAL CA-630, which might differ from it mainly in having slightly shorter ethylene oxide chains. As a result, Triton X-100 is slightly more hydrophilic than Igepal CA-630 thus these two detergents may not be considered functionally interchangeable for most applications.

Triton X-100 was originally a registered trademark of Rohm and Haas Co. It was subsequently purchased by Union Carbide and then acquired by Dow Chemical Company upon the acquisition of Union Carbide. Soon afterward (in 2009), Dow also acquired Rohm & Haas Co.
Crow Jane Alley
Crow Jane Alley is an album by Willy DeVille. It was recorded in 2004 in Los Angeles. For this album, DeVille was joined by members of the Chicano rock band Quetzal, David Hidalgo of Los Lobos, and Peruvian Afro-Cuban jazz drummer Alex Acuña, among other prominent musicians. Crow Jane Alley was produced by John Philip Shenale, the third album Shenale produced for DeVille.

Come a Little Bit Closer
"Come a Little Bit Closer" is a song by the 1960s rock and roll band Jay and the Americans. It reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 on November 21, 1964, making it the band's highest-charting single. It also peaked at number 4 on the Cashbox chart and at number 1 on RPM's singles chart, whilst in Australia it peaked at 37 on the Kent Music Report. The song was their first top 5 recording in two years, since 1962's "She Cried". On the New Zealand Lever Hit Parade it peaked at #4.

It was written by songwriters Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart, as well as Wes Farrell, and became Boyce and Hart's first top 10 hit.

Jay and the Americans also recorded a Spanish version of the song.

A cover version by American country music artists Johnny Duncan and Janie Fricke was released in 1977 and peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in January 1978.
Mount Adams Incline
The Mount Adams Incline was a funicular, or inclined railway, located in the Cincinnati neighborhood of Mount Adams. It was the third of the city's five inclines to open, beginning operations in 1876, and the last to close down in 1948. It has since been demolished.

The incline was 945 feet (288 m) long and carried streetcars and automobiles. It began carrying horsecars in 1877, and it was later strengthened for use by electric streetcars, which were much heavier.

Cable railway
A cable railway is a railway that uses a cable, rope or chain to haul trains. It is a type of cable transportation.

The most common use for a cable railway is to move vehicles on a steeply graded line that is too steep for conventional locomotives – this is often called an incline or inclined plane, or, in New Zealand, a jigline, or jig line. A common form of incline is the funicular – an isolated passenger railway where the cars are permanently attached to the cable. In other forms, the cars attach and detach to the cable at the ends of the cable railway. Some cable railways are not steeply graded – these are often used in quarries to move large numbers of wagons between the quarry to the processing plant.
Trinity Health (Minot, North Dakota)
Trinity Health is an American healthcare provider headquartered in Minot, North Dakota. Trinity is a non-profit organization with more than 150 physicians and is the largest employer in Minot.

Trinity's facilities include three acute care hospitals (Trinity Health Hospital and Trinity Hospital-St. Joseph's in Minot and Trinity Kenmare Community Hospital in Kenmare), several clinics, and a 292-bed long-term care and retirement facility.  Trinity Health Hospital has been designated as a Level II trauma center.

Minot, North Dakota
Minot (/ˈmaɪnɒt/ ⓘ MY-not) is a city in and the county seat of Ward County, North Dakota, United States. With a population of 48,377 at the 2020 census, Minot is the state's fourth-most populous city. The Minot metropolitan area in north-central North Dakota covers McHenry, Renville, and Ward counties and had a combined population of 77,546 at the 2020 census.

Minot was founded in 1886 during the construction of James J. Hill's Great Northern Railway. Minot is also known as "Magic City", commemorating its remarkable growth in size over a short time. It is a trading center for a large part of northern North Dakota, southwestern Manitoba, and southeastern Saskatchewan. It is most widely known for the Minot Air Force Base, approximately 15 miles (24 km) north of the city.
GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase
GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.78) is an enzyme with systematic name GDP:alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate guanylyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

GDP-alpha-D-glucose + phosphate  alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + GDP

The enzyme may be involved in prevention of misincorporation of glucose in place of mannose residues into glycoconjugates.

Mannose
Mannose is a sugar with the formula HOCH2(CHOH)4CHO, which sometimes is abbreviated Man. It is one of the monomers of the aldohexose series of carbohydrates. It is a C-2 epimer of glucose. Mannose is important in human metabolism, especially in the glycosylation of certain proteins.  Several congenital disorders of glycosylation are associated with mutations in enzymes involved in mannose metabolism.

Mannose is not an essential nutrient; it can be produced in the human body from glucose, or converted into glucose. Mannose provides 2–5 kcal/g. It is partially excreted in the urine.
Pabst
Pabst is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolf Pabst (1899–1990), American mineralogist and geologist

Daniel Pabst (1826–1910), American furniture maker

Frederick Pabst (1836–1904), American brewer

Georg Wilhelm Pabst (1885–1967), Austrian film director

Guido Frederico João Pabst (1914-1980), Brazilian botanist

Hermann Pabst (1842–1870), German historian

Johann Heinrich Pabst (1785–1838), German-Austrian physician, philosopher and lay theologian

Pavel Pabst (1854–1897), Prussian pianist and composer

Paul Pabst, executive producer of The Dan Patrick Show, where he is a member of the "Danettes".

Theo Pabst (1905–1979), German architect

Thomas Pabst (born 1966), founder of Tom's Hardware, a computer hardware publication

Waldemar Pabst (1880–1970), German soldier and right-wing political activist

G. W. Pabst
Georg Wilhelm Pabst (25 August 1885 – 29 May 1967) was an Austrian film director and screenwriter. He started as an actor and theater director, before becoming one of the most influential German-language filmmakers during the Weimar Republic.
Radioactivity (song)
"Radioactivity" (German: "Radioaktivität") is a song by the German electronic music band Kraftwerk. It was released in February 1976 as the only single from their fifth studio album, Radio-Activity (1975).

The song was a commercial success in France and Belgium, but failed to chart in other countries, and thus was not as successful as Kraftwerk's previous hit "Autobahn".

William Orbit
William Mark Wainwright (born 15 December 1956), known professionally as William Orbit, is an English musician and record producer who has sold 200 million recordings worldwide of his own work, his production and song-writing work. He is a recipient of multiple Grammy Awards, Ivor Novello Awards and other music industry awards.
Lake Helen (California)
Lake Helen is a glacial lake or a tarn occupying a cirque at around 8,200 feet (2,500 m) in Lassen Volcanic National Park. The lake is located to the south of Lassen Peak and west of Bumpass Mountain in the Shasta Cascades region of Northern California. Highway 89 runs along the lake's southern and eastern shore. The lake is named for Helen Tanner Brodt who in 1864 became the first white woman to reach the summit of Lassen Peak.

Mount Shasta
Mount Shasta (/ˈʃæstə/ SHASS-tə; Shasta: Waka-nunee-Tuki-wuki; Karuk: Úytaahkoo) is a potentially active stratovolcano at the southern end of the Cascade Range in Siskiyou County, California. At an elevation of 14,179 ft (4,322 m), it is the second-highest peak in the Cascades and the fifth-highest in the state. Mount Shasta has an estimated volume of 85 cubic miles (350 cubic kilometers), which makes it the most voluminous stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc.
The mountain and surrounding area are part of the Shasta–Trinity National Forest.
Cascilla, Mississippi
Cascilla is an unincorporated community located in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi. Cascilla is approximately 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Paynes and approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Charleston on Cascilla Road.

Cascilla has a post office and a zip code of 38920.

Charleston, Mississippi
Charleston is a city in north central Mississippi and one of the two county seats of Tallahatchie County, which is located on both sides of the Tallahatchie River. This city is located east of the river and, as of the 2020 census, had a population of 1,884.
Negrão
Negrão is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandre Sarnes Negrão (born 1985), Brazilian entrepreneur and race car driver

André Negrão (born 1992), Brazilian racing driver

Fernando Negrão (born 1955), Portuguese jurist and politician

Júnior Negrão (born 1986), Brazilian footballer

Marcelo Negrão (born 1972), Brazilian volleyball player

Mário Negrão (born 1945), Brazilian composer, drummer and percussionist

Marcelo Negrão
Marcelo Teles Negrão (born 10 October 1972) is a Brazilian former volleyball player who was a member of the Brazil men's national volleyball team that won the gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona by defeating the Netherlands in the final. Negrão also competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. He played beach volleyball.
Yoajung
Yoajung (Korean: 요아정) is a South Korean franchise of frozen yogurt restaurants. It was founded in 2021. Its name is reportedly an acronym for "yogurt ice cream done right" (요거트 아이스크림의 정석).

Its frozen yogurts are served with various toppings, including raw honeycomb, cookies, chocolate syrup, and fruit. The addition of toppings adds to the price of the dish.

In the 2020s, the chain experienced a significant boom in popularity amongst people in their teens and twenties. It reportedly became highly popular on delivery apps. Its popularity was followed by social media videos about how to make similar dishes at home. The store had 166 stores in 2023, but by 2024 had around 400. A November 2024 news article gave the number of stores as 470. In July 2024, the brand was acquired by Samhwa Foods at a 100% stake costing ₩40 billion.

South Korean won
The South Korean won, sometimes known as the Republic of Korea won (symbol: ₩; code: KRW; Korean: 대한민국 원), is the official currency of South Korea. The won is technically equal to 100 jeon, but the jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions and appears only in foreign exchange rates. The currency is issued by the Bank of Korea, based in the capital city of Seoul. The South Korean won was first issued in 1949, then was replaced by the South Korean hwan between 1953 and 1962, before the adoption of the current South Korean won in 1962.
Blanche, Missouri
Blanche is a community in southeast Douglas County in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is on a county road one half mile west of Missouri Route AC and one mile south of Missouri Route 14. It is on a ridge above the headwaters of Dry Creek which is a tributary of Bryant Creek in adjacent Ozark County.

The community had a post office from 1896 through 1958.

Douglas County, Missouri
Douglas County is a county located in the south-central portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,578. The county seat and only incorporated community is Ava. The county was officially organized on October 19, 1857, and is named after U.S. Senator Stephen A. Douglas (D-Illinois) and later Democratic presidential candidate.