hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional empirical mode decomposition
In signal processing, multidimensional empirical mode decomposition (multidimensional EMD) is an extension of the one-dimensional (1-D) EMD algorithm to a signal encompassing multiple dimensions. The Hilbert–Huang empirical mode decomposition (EMD) process decomposes a signal into intrinsic mode functions combined with the Hilbert spectral analysis, known as the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT). The multidimensional EMD extends the 1-D EMD algorithm into multiple-dimensional signals. This decomposition can be applied to image processing, audio signal processing, and various other multidimensional signals.

Derivation of the Navier–Stokes equations
The derivation of the Navier–Stokes equations as well as their application and formulation for different families of fluids, is an important exercise in fluid dynamics with applications in mechanical engineering, physics, chemistry, heat transfer, and electrical engineering. A proof explaining the properties and bounds of the equations, such as Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness, is one of the important unsolved problems in mathematics.
Shawmut
Shawmut, according to 19th-century scholarship, is a term derived from the Algonquian word Mashauwomuk referring to the region of present-day Boston, Massachusetts.  It appears in a number of present-day placenames.

Algonquian languages
The Algonquian languages (/æl.ˈɡɒŋ.k(w)i.ən/ al-GONG-k(w)ee-ən; also Algonkian) are a branch of the Algic language family. The name of the Algonquian language family is distinguished from the orthographically similar Algonquin dialect of the Indigenous Ojibwe language (Chippewa), which is a senior member of the Algonquian language family. The term Algonquin has been suggested to derive from the Wolastoqey word elakómkwik (pronounced [ɛlæˈɡomoɡwik]), meaning 'they are our relatives/allies'.

Speakers of Algonquian languages stretch from the east coast of North America to the Rocky Mountains. The proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend, Proto-Algonquian, was spoken around 2,500 to 3,000 years ago. There is no scholarly consensus about where this language was spoken.
Hambantota Troopers
Hambantota Troopers cricket team is one of the five provincial cricket teams which make up the Sri Lankan domestic cricket structure representing mainly Hambantota District of Southern Province, Sri Lanka, and with some nearby provinces. In previous occasions, the province was included in to Southern Express and Ruhuna Reds, where part of them was combined in this season as Hambantota Troopers. The cricket team's first participation came during the Twenty20 competition known as the Inter-Provincial Twenty20 2016 season which was known as Super T20 Provincial Tournament.

The team plays their matches in Colombo R. Premadasa Stadium, despite its home ground is MRIC Stadium. Tillakaratne Dilshan is the captain of the side. Besides, the captain Dilshan, Dimuth Karunaratne, Jehan Mubarak, Thilan Thushara and Dilruwan Perera are some of the other notable current Test cricketers and Limited overs cricketers in the national side.

R. Premadasa Stadium
The R. Premadasa Cricket Stadium (RPS) (Sinhala: ආර්. ප්‍රේමදාස ක්‍රීඩාංගනය, Tamil: ஆர். பிரேமதாச அரங்கம்; formerly known as Khettarama Stadium) is a cricket stadium on Khettarama Road, in the Maligawatta suburb of Colombo, Sri Lanka. The stadium was, before June 1994, known as the Khettarama Cricket Stadium and is today one of the main venues where the Sri Lankan cricket team play, having hosted more than 150 one-day international matches. It is the largest stadium in Sri Lanka with a capacity of 35,000 spectators. It has hosted the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 final between Sri Lanka and West Indies; the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy final between Sri Lanka and India and first semi-final of the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup between Sri Lanka and New Zealand. This was where the highest Test score in history was recorded; 952 by Sri Lanka against India. With capacity exceeding Lord's in England, the stadium is known as the "Home of Sri Lankan Cricket".
Heavy Metal Breakdown
Heavy Metal Breakdown is the debut studio album by German heavy metal band Grave Digger, released on 20 October 1984 via Noise Records. The music in this album is strongly influenced by German heavy metal band Accept and its then-vocalist Udo Dirkschneider.

Although singer Chris Boltendahl was credited for all the music and lyrics, it was only a technical issue. "At the time we didn't have the money to enroll all four members to GEMA. So we only enrolled Chris", said Gerd Hanke then-manager of Grave Digger in book The Story of Noise Records. "Lyrics had always been a problem for Chris" - added guitarist Peter Masson. "His school English was quite bad. During my time with Grave Digger, Gerd wrote most of the lyrics."

Udo Dirkschneider
Udo Dirkschneider (born 6 April 1952) is a German singer who first rose to fame with the heavy metal band Accept. After leaving the band in 1987, he formed the band U.D.O., in which he has also enjoyed commercial success.
Patti Shahpur
Patti Shahpur  is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) away from branch post office Sheikhepur Bagh, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Nawanshahr, 20.4 kilometres (12.7 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 81.6 kilometres (50.7 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district
Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district is one of twenty-three districts of state of Punjab, India. It is located in Doaba region. It consists of three subdivisions, Nawanshahr, Banga, and Balachaur.
There are three legislative seats in the district, Nawanshahr, Balachaur and Banga. They fall under the Anandpur Sahib Lok Sabha Constituency. Nawanshahr, the district headquarters is about 92 kilometres (57 mi) from Chandigarh, the state's capital.

As of 2011, it is the third least populous district of Punjab (out of 22), after Barnala and Fatehgarh Sahib.
Carolyn Marino Malone
Carolyn Marino Malone is an American medievalist and academic.  She is professor of art history and history at USC Dornsife College, Los Angeles, California, with a PhD in Art History and Medieval Studies (1973) from the University of California, Berkeley. Her research interests are English and French Romanesque and Gothic architecture and sculpture. She has published books on sculptural finds at Canterbury Cathedral, the abbey of St Bénigne in Dijon, the façade of Wells Cathedral, and monastic life in the Middle Ages. She served as vice-president (1996–1997) and President (1999) of Art Historians of Southern California; Domestic Advisor to the Board of Directors of the International Center of Medieval Art (1984–1987); and was on the board of directors of the Medieval Association of the Pacific (1986–1989). She is a member of the Society of Architectural Historians.

Society of Architectural Historians
The Society of Architectural Historians (SAH) is an international not-for-profit organization that promotes the study and preservation of the built environment worldwide.  Based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, the Society's 3,500 members include architectural historians, architects, landscape architects, preservationists, students, professionals in allied fields and the interested public.

It has EIN 20-2507723 as a 501(c)(3) Public Charity; in 2023 it claimed total revenue of $1,467,388 and total assets of $6,854,828.
Hazel Jane Plante
Hazel Jane Plante is a Canadian writer from Vancouver, British Columbia, whose debut novel Little Blue Encyclopedia (for Vivian) was published in 2019. The book won the Lambda Literary Award for Transgender Literature at the 32nd Lambda Literary Awards in 2020, and was a shortlisted finalist for Publishing Triangle's Leslie Feinberg Award in the same year.

Her second novel, Any Other City, was published in 2023, and was shortlisted for the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize in 2024.

She served on the jury for the Dayne Ogilvie Prize in 2024.

Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize
The Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize, established in 1985 as one of the BC and Yukon Book Prizes, is awarded annually to the best work of fiction by a resident of British Columbia, Canada.

The award is named after novelist and short story writer Ethel Wilson, author of Swamp Angel (1954) and The Innocent Traveller (1949).
Grand Magal of Touba
The Grand Magal of Touba is the annual religious pilgrimage of the Senegalese Mouride Brotherhood, one of the four Islamic Sufi orders of Senegal. On the 18th of Safar, the second month of the Islamic calendar, pilgrims gather in the holy Mouride city of Touba to celebrate the life and teachings of Amadou Bamba, the founder of the brotherhood.

The Grand Magal has been recognized as "one of the most popular pilgrimages in the world," with over 6 million participating in 2025. The pilgrimage dates back to 1928 (one year after Bamba's death) and commemorates his 1895 exile to Gabon by the French colonial government.

Amadou Bamba
Amadou Bamba (1853–1927), also known to followers as the Servant of the Messenger (Arabic: خادِم الرسول, romanized: Khādim al-Rasūl)  and Serigne Touba or "Sheikh of Touba", was a Sufi saint and founder of the Mouride Brotherhood (the Muridiyya).
Shephard, Minnesota
Shephard is an unincorporated community in south central Crow Wing County, Minnesota, United States. It is located approximately ten miles south-southeast of Brainerd along State Highway 25 (MN 25) at the junction with Crow Wing County Road 2. Daggett Brook flows past the west side of the community and South Long Lake lies approximately three miles to the north.

Daggett Brook
Daggett Brook is a stream in southern Crow Wing County in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is a tributary of the Nokasippi River.

Daggett Brook was named for Benjamin F. Daggett, a lumberjack who felled trees there.
Eucomis
Eucomis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae, native to southern Africa. Most species of this genus are commonly referred to as pineapple flowers or pineapple lilies. They are bulbous perennials with basal rosettes of leaves and stout stems covered in star-shaped flowers with a tuft of green bracts at the top, superficially resembling a pineapple – hence the common names.

Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.
1984 NCAA Division III men's ice hockey tournament
The 1984 NCAA Division III Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1983–84 season, the 1st such tournament in NCAA history. It concluded with Babson defeating Union 8-0. All Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues, while all succeeding games were played in Rochester, New York.

Union Garnet Chargers men's ice hockey
The Union Garnet Chargers ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's college ice hockey program that represents Union College. The Garnet Chargers are a member of ECAC Hockey. They play at the new M&T Bank Center by the Mohawk River in Schenectady, New York.  The Garnet Chargers (known as the Dutchmen at the time) won the 2014 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament by defeating the Minnesota Golden Gophers 7–4.
Quédate
Quédate refer to:

"Quédate" (Soraya song), 1996

"Quédate" (Pee Wee song), 2009

"Quédate" (Henry Santos song), 2016

"Quevedo: Bzrp Music Sessions, Vol. 52", 2022 song

"Quédate", a 1999 song by Lara Fabian from the album Lara Fabian

Quédate (Soraya song)
"Quédate" (English: "Stay") is a song by Colombian-American latin pop singer-songwriter Soraya. The song was released as the second single from her bilingual debut studio album En Esta Noche / On Nights Like This (1996). The song was written, produced and recorded by Soraya. Peter Van Hooke and Rod Argent. An English-language version called "Stay Awhile" was released on the English/international edition of the album On Nights Like This.
Ibal-pi-el II
Ibal pi’el II was a king of the city kingdom of Eshnunna in ancient Mesopotamia. He reigned c. 1779–1765 BC.

He was the son of Dadusha and nephew of Naram-Suen of Eshnunna.

He conquered the cities of Diniktum and Rapiqum. With Ḫammu-rāpi of Babylon, and the Amorite king Shamshi-Adad I he besieged the kingdom of Malgium until its ruler bought them off with 15 talents of silver.

He was a contemporary of Zimri-Lim of Mari, and formed powerful alliances with  Yarim-Lim I Amud-pi-el of Qatanum, Rim-Sin I of Larsa and most importantly Hammurabi of Babylon, to appose the rise of Shamshi-Adad I in Assyria (on his northern border) who himself had alliances with Charchemish, Hassum and Urshu and Qatna.

Some scholars have suggested the biblical king Amraphel may have been Ibal Pi-El II of Esnunna. While others consider Ameraphel to be Hammurabi.

He was killed by Siwe-Palar-Khuppak of Elam, who captured Eshnunna, and he was succeeded by Silli-Sin.

Hassum
Hassum (also given as Khashshum, Ḫaššum, Hassu, Hassuwa or Hazuwan) was a Hurrian city-state, located in southern Turkey most probably on the Euphrates river north of Carchemish.

The exact location of the city has not been conclusively determined. Suggested sites include Tilbeshar, Oylum Höyük, Ain Dara, and Tilmen Höyük.
Sanbornite
Sanbornite is a rare barium phyllosilicate mineral with formula BaSi2O5. Sanbornite is a colorless to white to pale green, platey orthorhombic mineral with Mohs hardness of 5 and a specific gravity of 3.74.

It was first described from Incline, Mariposa County, California in 1932 and named for mineralogist Frank B. Sanborn (1862–1936).

Mariposa County, California
37°35′N 119°55′W﻿ / ﻿37.58°N 119.91°W﻿ / 37.58; -119.91

Mariposa County (/ˌmærɪˈpoʊzə, -sə/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 17,131. The county seat is Mariposa. The county lies in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, north of Fresno, east of Merced, and southeast of Stockton. The eastern portion of the county encompasses the principal area of Yosemite National Park.

Mariposa County is one of only three counties in California that does not include any incorporated cities, along with Alpine and Trinity counties. The county includes 17 communities recognized as census-designated places for statistical purposes. It also has no permanent traffic signals anywhere within its borders.
ADDML
Archival Data Description Mark-up Language (ADDML)  is a standard describing a collection of data files. The standard was originally developed by the National Archives of Norway (NAN), and existed in several different versions until a constant form was reached with 8.2, the present de facto standard.

Data file
A data file is a computer file which stores data to be used by a computer application or system, including input and output data.  A data file usually does not contain instructions or code to be executed (that is, a computer program).

Most of the computer programs work with data files.
Nano-suction technology
Nano-suction is a technology that uses vacuum, negative fluid pressure and millions of nano-sized suction cups to securely adhere any object to a flat non-porous surface. When the nano-suction object is pressed against a flat surface, millions of miniature suction cups create a large vacuum, generating a strong suction force that can hold a tremendous amount of weight. The nature of the technology allows easy removal without residue, and makes it reusable.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Romsey (UK Parliament constituency)
51°00′14″N 1°29′28″W﻿ / ﻿51.004°N 1.491°W﻿ / 51.004; -1.491

Romsey (Romsey and Waterside from 1983 to 1997) was a seat of the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1983 to 2010 which elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was similar in extent to its replacement Romsey and Southampton North which includes the Bassett and Swaythling wards of the City of Southampton.

Bassett, Southampton
Bassett is a suburb and electoral ward of the City of Southampton, England. The suburb lies to the north of the city centre and gives its name to part of the A33 arterial road which links the city centre to the M3, described by Pevsner & Lloyd as "part of the splendid tree-lined route into Southampton from Winchester, London and the north". The highest point in the City of Southampton (its "county top") lies on Bassett Avenue at a height of 82 metres (269 ft) above sea level.

Bassett Ward comprises Bassett, Bassett Green and Lordswood. It had a population of 14,532 at the 2011 census.
Brazil–Mexico relations
The nations of Brazil and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1825. Together, Brazil and Mexico are the most populous nations in Latin America, and both nations have the largest global emerging economies and are considered regional powers. Both countries are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, G-20 major economies, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.

João Goulart
João Belchior Marques Goulart (/ˈʒwaʊn/ ZHWOWN; Brazilian Portuguese: [ʒuˈɐ̃w bewkiˈɔʁ ˈmaʁkiz ɡuˈlaʁ]; 1 March 1919 – 6 December 1976), commonly known as Jango, was a Brazilian politician who served as the president of Brazil from 1961 until a military coup d'état deposed him in 1964. He was considered the last left-wing president of Brazil until Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva took office in 2003.
SD Colloto
Sociedad Deportiva Colloto is a football team based in Colloto, a place between Siero and Oviedo, in the autonomous community of Asturias in Spain. The team plays in Segunda Asturfútbol – Group 2. The club's home ground is El Nora, which has a capacity of 2,000 spectators.

Siero
Siero is a municipality of the autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. With a population of 52,194 as of 2023, Siero is the fourth most populous municipality in Asturias. It has a total of 29 parishes, with the largest being Lugones; its capital parish is La Pola Siero. It is located centrally within Asturias, and the northernmost point of Siero is about 10 km from Asturias' largest city, Gijón, and the shores of the Cantabrian Sea.
Upper Valley Career Center
Upper Valley Career Center (formerly Upper Valley Joint Vocational School), is a public vocational school in Piqua, Ohio. The school educates adult and high school students train in to get experience needed to get a professional job.

Piqua, Ohio
Piqua (/ˈpɪkwə/ PIK-wə) is a city in Miami County, Ohio, United States, along the Great Miami River. The population was 20,354 at the 2020 census. Located 27 miles (43 km) north of Dayton, it is part of the Dayton metropolitan area.
Another Country (The Chieftains album)
Another Country is a 1992 album by The Chieftains.  It is a collaboration between the Irish band and many top country music musicians including Ricky Skaggs, Don Williams, Colin James, Emmylou Harris, members from The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Willie Nelson, Chet Atkins and Sam Bush.  The album won the 1993 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album and was nominated in three other categories: Best Pop Instrumental Performance (for "Tahitian Skies"), Best Country Vocal Collaboration (for "Killybegs"), and Best Country Instrumental Performance (for "Cotton Eyed Joe").  The Chieftains also took home the Award for Best Traditional Folk Album that year for their 1992 live album, An Irish Evening.   There was also an Another Country documentary with video footage of the performances.

Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album
The Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album was awarded from 1987 to 2011.  Until 1993 the award was known as the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Recording.

An award for Best Contemporary Folk Album was also presented.  Prior to 1987 contemporary and traditional folk were combined as the Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording.

The award was discontinued in a major overhaul of Grammy categories. In 2012 this category was merged with Best Contemporary Folk Album to form the new Best Folk Album category.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.
Fair market value
The fair market value of property is the price at which it would change hands between a willing and informed buyer and seller. The term is used throughout the United States Internal Revenue Code, as well as in bankruptcy laws, in many state laws, and by several regulatory bodies.

In litigation in many jurisdictions in the United States the fair market value is determined at a hearing. In certain jurisdictions, the courts are required to hold fair market hearings, even if the borrowers or the loans guarantors waived their rights to such a hearing in the loan documents.

FMV is often used for taxation purposes, determining the value of charitable donations, estate planning, and other financial transactions. The specific methods used to determine FMV may vary depending on the type of property or asset involved.

Fair market value is subjective and can fluctuate based on market conditions, supply and demand, location, and other factors.

Internal Revenue Code
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC), is the domestic portion of federal statutory tax law in the United States. It is codified in statute as Title 26 of the United States Code. The IRC is organized topically into subtitles and sections, covering federal income tax in the United States, payroll taxes, estate taxes, gift taxes, and excise taxes; as well as procedure and administration. The Code's implementing federal agency is the Internal Revenue Service.
Tosa Maidan
Tosa Maidan (or Toshamaidan) is a tourist destination and a hill station in the Khag area of the Budgam district in the Kashmir Valley of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The name also marks the historic Tosa Maidan route into the Kashmir Valley from the Poonch Valley. In fact, the original name of Tosa Maidan appears to have been "Tosa Marg". Mahmud of Ghazni and the Sikh monarch Ranjit Singh attempted to invade the Kashmir Valley via this route following the Battle of Shopian

Kashmir Valley
The Kashmir Valley, also known as the Vale of Kashmir, is an intermontane valley in the northern part of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The valley is surrounded by the ranges of the Himalayas, bounded on the southwest by the Pir Panjal Range and on the northeast by the Greater Himalayan Range. It is approximately 135 km (84 mi) long and 32 km (20 mi) wide, and drained by the Jhelum River. It falls entirely within the Kashmir Division of Jammu and Kashmir.