hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Torcuato di Tella University
The Torcuato Di Tella University (Spanish: Universidad Torcuato Di Tella) is a non-profit private university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Founded in 1991, the university focuses primarily on social sciences.

The undergraduate majors available are economics, business economics, digital technologies, business administration, law, political science, international relations, social sciences, history, architecture and design. The university also offers over 34 graduate programs.

The faculty comprises 98 full-time research professors, most of whom hold PhDs from universities in North America and Europe. The university provides more than 50 exchange programs with universities in Europe, North America, South America, Australia, Africa and Asia. There is also a sizable number of international students who study in the university for a semester or two. The university's President is Juan José Cruces.

Guillermo Kuitca
Guillermo Kuitca (born 1961) is an Argentine artist, who continues to work and live in Buenos Aires. Kuitca's work has been shown extensively around the globe, and is included in many important public collections, including The Tate Gallery, England; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, DC; the North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY and The Daros Collection, Zürich, Switzerland, and at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis. Kuitca represented Argentina at the 2007 Venice Biennale. Recurrent themes of travel, maps, memory, and migration can be found in Kuitca’s work. He won the Konex Award from Argentina in 1992 and 2002.
Saint-Pierre-d'Argençon
Saint-Pierre-d'Argençon (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pjɛʁ daʁʒɑ̃sɔ̃]; Vivaro-Alpine: Sant Peire d'Argençon) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. It is located on the departmental border with Drôme, which is also the regional border with Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

Drôme
Drôme (French pronunciation: [dʁom] ⓘ; Occitan: Droma; Arpitan: Drôma) is the southernmost department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. Named after the river Drôme, it had a population of 516,762 as of 2019. Drôme's prefecture is Valence.

The southern portion of the Drôme, closest to Provence, is often known as the fr:Drôme Provençale.
Krzyżanka, Łódź Voivodeship
Krzyżanka [kʂɨˈʐanka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złoczew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Złoczew, 26 km (16 mi) south of Sieradz, and 72 km (45 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Złoczew
Złoczew is a town in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland, with 3,340 inhabitants (2020). It is located in the historic Sieradz Land, 23 kilometres (14 miles) south of Sieradz and 23 kilometres (14 miles) north of Wieluń.

Złoczew is a relatively young town in the region, dating back to the Late Middle Ages, with a preserved palace and park ensemble and Renaissance churches. It is located close to the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok.
Capillariasis
Capillariasis is a disease caused by nematodes in the genus Capillaria. The two principal forms of the disease are:

Intestinal capillariasis, caused by Capillaria philippinensis

Hepatic capillariasis, caused by Capillaria hepatica

Capillaria philippinensis
Capillaria philippinensis is a parasitic nematode which causes intestinal capillariasis.  This sometimes fatal disease was first discovered in Northern Luzon, Philippines, in 1964.  Cases have also been reported from China, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Korea, Lao PDR, Taiwan and Thailand.  Cases diagnosed in Italy and Spain were believed to be acquired abroad, with one case possibly contracted in Colombia. The natural life cycle of C. philippinensis is believed to involve fish as intermediate hosts, and fish-eating birds as definitive hosts.  Humans acquire C. philippinensis by eating small species of infested fish whole and raw.
Ismael Orot
Ismael Orot is a Ugandan politician. He was named as State Minister for Works in the Ugandan Cabinet on 6 June 2016. However, his appointment was rejected by the parliamentary appointments committee. He served as the elected Member of Parliament for Kanyum County, in Kumi District in the 10th Parliament.

Parliament of Uganda
The Parliament of Uganda is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Uganda. One of its primary functions is to pass laws that support effective governance in the country. Government ministers are required to answer to the people's representatives on the floor of the house and may be appointed from amongst its members.

Through the various parliamentary committees, parliament scrutinises government programmes, particularly as outlined in the State of the Nation address by the president. Fiscal matters, such as taxation and loans, require parliamentary approval after appropriate debate.Parliament also holds the authority to confirm certain presidential nominations and, through a motion of censure, may compel a Minister to resign.
Brazilian monitor Javary (1874)
Javary was a Javari-class armored monitor operated by the Imperial Brazilian Navy and Brazilian Navy (before and after the Proclamation of the Republic). Her sister ship was the Solimões. She is known for her armor and powerful armaments for the time. Her service was limited by the inadequate draught for certain stretches of river, and her maneuverability was reduced due to an extremely low side, which meant the ship was used mainly as a floating battery. She was sunk after being shot at by the Fortaleza de São João during the Revolta da Armada in 1893.

Imperial Brazilian Navy
The Imperial Brazilian Navy (Brazilian Portuguese: Armada Nacional, commonly known as Armada Imperial) was the navy created at the time of the independence of the Empire of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. It existed between 1822 and 1889 during the vacancy of the constitutional monarchy.

The Navy was formed almost entirely by ships, staff, organizations and doctrines proceeding from the transference of the Portuguese Royal Family in 1808. Some of its members were native-born Brazilians, who under Portugal had been forbidden to serve. Other members were Portuguese who adhered to the cause of separation and German and Irish mercenaries. Some establishments created by King John VI were used and incorporated.

Under the reign of Emperor Pedro II the Navy was greatly expanded to become the fifth most powerful navy in the world and the armed force more popular and loyal to the Brazilian monarchy.
Flupyradifurone
Flupyradifurone is a systemic butenolide insecticide developed by Bayer CropScience under the name Sivanto. Flupyradifurone protects crops from sap-feeding pests such as aphids and is safer for non-target organisms compared to other insecticides. Sivanto was launched in 2014 since it obtained its first commercial registration in central America (Guatemala and Honduras). Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) classified Flupyradifurone as 4D subset (butenolide) and it is the first pesticide in the butenolide category. It was approved by European Union in 2015.

Insecticide Resistance Action Committee
The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) was formed in 1984 and works as a specialist technical group of the industry association CropLife to be able to provide a coordinated industry response to prevent or delay the development of insecticide resistance in insect, mite and nematode pests. IRAC strives to facilitate communication and education on insecticide and traits resistance as well as to promote the development and facilitate the implementation of insecticide resistance management strategies.

IRAC is recognised by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) of the United Nations as an advisory body on matters pertaining to insecticide resistance.

Pesticideresistance.org is a database financed by IRAC, US Department of Agriculture, and others.
Outline of the Vietnam War
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Vietnam War:

Vietnam War, a civil war and a proxy war in the Cold War, occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War (1946–1954) and was fought between North Vietnam—supported by communist states such as the Soviet Union, China—and the government of South Vietnam—supported by the United States, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and other anti-communist allies. The Viet Cong (also known as the National Liberation Front, or NLF), a South Vietnamese communist common front, aided by the North, fought a guerrilla war against anti-communist forces in the region which was won militarily. The People's Army of Vietnam, also known as the North Vietnamese Army (NVA), engaged in a more conventional war, at times committing large units to battle.

Conventional warfare
Conventional warfare is a form of warfare conducted by using conventional weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation. The forces on each side are well-defined and fight by using weapons that target primarily the opponent's military. It is normally fought by using conventional weapons, not chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons.

The general purpose of conventional warfare is to weaken or destroy the opponent's military, which negates its ability to engage in conventional warfare. In forcing capitulation, however, one or both sides may eventually resort to unconventional warfare tactics.
André Jung (actor)
André Jung (born 13 December 1953) is a Luxembourgish theatre and film actor. He studied performing arts at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart and subsequently worked at various theatres, including the Theater Basel, the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg, and the Schauspielhaus Zürich.

State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart
The State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart is a professional school for musicians and performing artists in Stuttgart, Germany. Founded in 1857, it is one of the oldest schools of its kind in Germany. It offers programs in music, performing arts, and related disciplines. The university is structured into four faculties and eleven institutes, covering areas such as composition, music education, instrumental and vocal studies, conducting, acting, and puppetry. Its main building, located on the Stuttgart Kulturmeile, was completed in 2002. As of 2023, the university enrolled approximately 800 students and employed over 500 academic and administrative staff. Admission is based on an entrance examination.
Zik (general)
Zik (𐭉𐭆𐭀𐭊 zy’k *Zīg; Greek: Ζικ or Ζιχ Zik or Zikh) or in Greek sources also Zecas (Greek: Ζηκας),  was a 4th-century Iranian officer active during the reign of the Sasanian king (shah) Shapur II (r. 309–379). He was a member of the House of Zik, one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran. Not much is known about him; he was in c. 367 along with Karen given a large army to rule over Armenia, which had recently been seized by the Iranian army. "The Zik" is mentioned in Part Six, Section One of the Buzandaran Patmutʻiwnkʻ attributed to Faustus of Byzantium: King Arshak I of Armenia "gave his deputy the Zik as a mentor to King Khosrow I."

House of Karen
The House of Karen (Parthian: 𐭊𐭓𐭍𐭉, romanized: Kārēn; Middle Persian: Kārēn; New Persian: قارن, romanized: Qāran, or کارن, Kāran), also known as Karen-Pahlav (Kārēn-Pahlaw), was one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran during the rule of Parthian and Sasanian Empires. The seat of the dynasty was at Nahavand, about 65 km south of Ecbatana (present-day Hamadan, Iran). Members of the House of Karen were of notable rank in the administrative structure of the Sassanian empire in multiple periods of its four-century-long history.
BrahMos Aerospace
BrahMos Aerospace is an Indo-Russian multinational aerospace and defense corporation, with core manufacturing concentrations in cruise missiles. Headquartered in New Delhi, India, it was founded as a joint venture between the India's Defence Research and Development Organisation and NPO Mashinostroyeniya of Russia. Company's name is a portmanteau formed from the names of two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia. The company currently manufactures the BrahMos missile with a range of 800 km and traveling at speeds of Mach 2.8. It is also reportedly developing BrahMos-II, a hypersonic cruise missile.

India is a member of the MTCR, India and Russia are now planning to jointly develop a new generation of Brahmos missiles with 600 km-plus range and an ability to hit protected targets with pinpoint accuracy.

Moskva (river)
The Moskva (/məsˈkvɑː/ məs-KVAH or /ˈmɒskvə/ MOS-kvə; Russian: Москва) is a river that flows through Western Russia. It rises about 140 km (90 mi) west of Moscow and flows roughly east through the Smolensk and Moscow Oblasts, passing through central Moscow. About 110 km (70 mi) southeast of Moscow, at the city of Kolomna, it flows into the Oka, itself a tributary of the Volga, which ultimately flows into the Caspian Sea.
H. V. Jagadish
Hosagrahar Visvesvaraya Jagadish (Jag) is a computer scientist in the field of database systems research. He is a Fellow of ACM, Fellow of IEEE, Fellow of AAAS, the Distinguished University Professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, the director of MIDAS (Michigan Institute for Data Science), and a Senior Scientific Director of the National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics established by the National Institutes of Health.

Computer science and engineering
Computer science and engineering (CSE) is an academic subject comprising approaches of computer science and computer engineering. There is no clear division in computing between science and engineering, just like in the field of materials science and engineering. However, some classes are historically more related to computer science (e.g. data structures and algorithms), and other to computer engineering (e.g. computer architecture). CSE is also a term often used  in Europe to translate the name of technical or engineering informatics academic programs. It is offered in both undergraduate as well postgraduate with specializations.
Cobra Foundation
The Cobra Foundation is a registered UK charity. Its Head Office is located in Gt Queen's Street, WC2, Covent Garden, WC2. The Foundation is the charity arm of Cobra Beer itself a division of Molson Coors the world's seventh largest brewer by volume.

WC postcode area
The WC (Western Central) postcode area, also known as the London WC postcode area, is a group of postcode districts in central London, England. The area covered is of high density development, and includes parts of the City of Westminster and the London Boroughs of Camden and Islington, plus a very small part of the City of London.

The WC1 and WC2 postcode districts are relatively recent, having been established in 1917. When the districts are used for purposes other than the sorting of mail, such as for geographic reference and on street signs, their subdivisions - featuring letter suffixes - are often omitted.
Shoot Boxing World Tournament 1995
Shoot Boxing World Tournament 1995 or S-Cup 1995 was a shoot boxing event promoted by Caesar Takeshi.  It was the inaugural (70kg/154lbs weight class) Shoot Boxing World Tournament, featuring an eight single elimination format, fought under Shoot Boxing Rules.  In total there were eight fighters at the event, representing five countries.  The tournament winner was Hiromu Yoshitaka who defeated Ron Belliveau in the final.  The event was held at the Osaka Prefectural Gymnasium on Wednesday, 31 January 1995.

Takeshi Caesar
Tomofumi Murata (村田 友文, Murata Tomofumi) (born August 17, 1955), better known by his ring name Takeshi Caesar (シーザー武志, Shīzā Takeshi), is a Japanese actor, retired kickboxer and the founder of shoot boxing.
OpenUI5
OpenUI5 is a JavaScript application framework designed to build cross-platform, responsive, enterprise-ready applications. It is an open-source project maintained by SAP SE available under the Apache 2.0 license and open to contributions.
OpenUI5's core is based on JavaScript, jQuery, and LESS. The library's feature set includes model–view–controller patterns, data binding, its own UI-element library, and internationalisation support.

Application framework
In computer programming, an application framework consists of a software framework used by software developers to implement the standard structure of application software.

Application frameworks became popular with the rise of graphical user interfaces (GUIs), since these tended to promote a standard structure for applications. Programmers find it much simpler to create automatic GUI creation tools when using a standard framework, since this defines the underlying code structure of the application in advance. Developers usually use object-oriented programming (OOP) techniques to implement frameworks such that the unique parts of an application can simply inherit from classes extant in the framework.
Pandemis chlorograpta
Pandemis chlorograpta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China in the provinces of Heilongjiang, Beijing, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Fujian and Zhejiang and in Japan.

The wingspan is 17.5–27 mm. Adults fly during the summer.

The larvae feed on Acer, Berberis, Betula, Citrus reticulata, Lysimachia clethroides, Malus pumila, Morus alba, Prunus species (including Prunus persica), Pyrus, Quercus, Ribes, Sorbus, Tilia, Ulmus and Geum chiloense.

Lysimachia clethroides
Lysimachia clethroides, the  gooseneck loosestrife, is a species of flowering plant, traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae. It was transferred to the family Myrsinaceae based on a molecular phylogenetic study, but this family was later merged into the Primulaceae.
Frida Fornander
Frida Maria Fornander (born 4 July 1995) is a Swedish model and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss Earth Sweden 2014, and competed in Miss Earth 2014. Later, she also won Miss Universe Sweden 2017 and competed in Miss Universe 2017.

Prior to competing in Miss Earth, Fornander had already won the titles of Miss Teenager Sweden 2011 and Miss Teen Model Universe 2012. Fornander has been working as an international model since 2011.

Miss Sweden
The Miss Sweden or Miss Universe Sweden (Swedish: Fröken Sverige), is the title of the Swedish beauty pageant, qualifying delegates to the Miss Universe competition. In 2009 the pageant renamed as Miss Universe Sweden and the first national final was held on 6 June 2009, the National Day of Sweden. Among the judges were Yvonne Ryding, Miss Universe 1984. The pageant is a late branch of the Miss Sweden contest. The director of the contest is Joakim Granberg of the Starworld Entertainment Corporation.
Oakley, Oxfordshire
Oakley is a spring line settlement at the foot of the Chiltern Hills on the route of the Lower Icknield Way. It is about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) southeast of Thame in Oxfordshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Chinnor, and 20th century housing developments have absorbed Oakley into that village.

Spring line settlement
Spring line settlements occur where a ridge of permeable rock lies over impermeable rock, resulting in a line of springs along the contact between the two layers. Spring line (or springline) settlements will sometimes form around these springs, becoming villages.

In each case to build higher up the hill would have meant difficulties with water supply; to build lower would have taken the settlement further away from useful grazing land or nearer to the floodplain.

Spring line villages are often the principal settlements in strip parishes, with long, narrow parish boundaries stretching up to the top of the ridge and down to the river but being narrow in the direction of adjacent spring line villages.
(−1)F
In a quantum field theory with fermions, (−1)F is a unitary, Hermitian, involutive operator where F is the fermion number operator. For the example of particles in the Standard Model, it is equal to the sum of the lepton number plus the baryon number, F = B + L.  The action of this operator is to multiply bosonic states by 1 and fermionic states by −1. This is always a global internal symmetry of any quantum field theory with fermions and corresponds to a rotation by 2π. This splits the Hilbert space into two superselection sectors. Bosonic operators commute with (−1)F whereas fermionic operators anticommute with it.

This operator really shows its utility in supersymmetric theories. Its trace is the spectral asymmetry of the fermion spectrum, and can be understood physically as the Casimir effect.

Anticommutative property
In mathematics, anticommutativity is a specific property of some non-commutative mathematical operations. Swapping the position of two arguments of an antisymmetric operation yields a result which is the inverse of the result with unswapped arguments. The notion inverse refers to a group structure on the operation's codomain, possibly with another operation. Subtraction is an anticommutative operation because commuting the operands of  gives ; for example, . Another prominent example of an anticommutative operation is the Lie bracket.

In mathematical physics, where symmetry is of central importance, or even just in multilinear algebra these operations are mostly (multilinear with respect to some vector structures and then) called antisymmetric operations, and when they are not already of arity greater than two, extended in an associative setting to cover more than two arguments.
V. Ramankutty
V. Ramankutty (also known as V. Raman Kutty) is an Indian   health economist, and epidemiologist,   currently research director of Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur and an emeritus professor at the Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology. He is the son of former chief minister of Kerala, C. Achutha Menon.

Jawaharlal Nehru University
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU; ISO: Javāharalāla Neharū Viśvavidyālaya) is a public research university located in Delhi, India. It was established in 1969 and named after Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister. The university is known for leading faculties and research emphasis on social sciences and applied sciences.
The Flying Irishman
The Flying Irishman (aka Born to Fly) is a 1939 biographical drama film produced by RKO Pictures about Douglas Corrigan's unofficial transatlantic flight the previous year in a dilapidated Curtiss Robin light aircraft.  The film was directed by Leigh Jason based on a screenplay by Ernest Pagano and Dalton Trumbo.

The Flying Irishman covers the material of Corrigan's 1938 autobiography, That's My Story, from his early life to his return from his wrong-way flight. Because of the huge popularity of Corrigan and his flight, the screenplay assumes that the material is already familiar to its audience.

Leigh Jason
Leigh Jason (July 26, 1904 – February 19, 1979) was an American film director and screenwriter. He was born in New York, New York, and died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles.

He married Ruth Harriet Louise in 1927 at Temple B'nai B'rith, with William Wyler as his best man. Louise was the first woman photographer active in Hollywood, and ran Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's portrait studio from 1925 to 1930. They had a son, Leigh Jr., who died of leukemia when he was six years old, and Louise died in 1940, along with their second son, in complications from childbirth.