hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palatalization in the Romance languages
Palatalization in the Romance languages encompasses various historical sound changes which caused consonants to develop a palatal articulation or secondary articulation, as well as certain further developments such as affrication. It resulted in the creation of several consonants that had not existed in Classical Latin, such as the Italian [t͡s d͡z ʃ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ɲ ʎ].

Certain types of palatalization affected all Romance languages, and were in some cases discernible in Late Latin, while others affected only a subset of languages and are only known from later evidence. Palatalization was not a single event but rather occurred multiple times in the development of Romance, in different places and in different ways.

Palatalization (sound change)
Palatalization (/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ PAL-ə-təl-eye-ZAY-shən) is a historical-linguistic sound change that results in a palatalized articulation of a consonant or, in certain cases, a front vowel. Palatalization involves change in the place or manner of articulation of consonants, or the fronting or raising of vowels. In some cases, palatalization involves assimilation or lenition.
Steven T. Katz
Steven Theodore Katz (born August 24, 1944) is an American philosopher and scholar. He is the founding director of the Elie Wiesel Center for Judaic Studies at Boston University in Massachusetts, United States, where he holds the Alvin J. and Shirley Slater Chair in Jewish and Holocaust Studies.

Jewish Book Council
The Jewish Book Council (Hebrew: המועצה למען הספר היהודי באמריקה‎), founded in 1943, is an American organization encouraging and contributing to Jewish literature. The goal of the council, as stated on its website, is "to promote the reading, writing and publishing of quality English language books of Jewish content in North America". The council sponsors the National Jewish Book Awards, the JBC Network, JBC Book Clubs, the Visiting Scribe series, and Jewish Book Month. It previously sponsored the Sami Rohr Prize for Jewish Literature. It publishes an annual literary journal called Paper Brigade.
KBXX
KBXX (97.9 FM) is a commercial radio station in Houston, Texas. It airs an urban-leaning rhythmic contemporary radio format, mostly made up of hip-hop music and R&B. It is owned by Urban One as part of a five station cluster with KMJQ, KKBQ, KHPT, and KGLK. The studios and offices are located in the Greenway Plaza district.

KBXX has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts. The transmitter is on Farm to Market Road 2234, near Fort Bend Parkway in Southwest Houston. It broadcasts in the HD Radio hybrid format.

Previously, the HD2 subchannel aired Vietnamese language programming, both talk and pop music. KBXX-HD2 provided the primary feed for FM translator 101.7 K269GT in Humble.

Humble, Texas
Humble (/ˈʌmbəl/ UM-bəl) is a city located in the Houston metropolitan area. Humble became an oil boomtown in the early 20th century when oil was first discovered there in 1904. By 1905, the Humble oilfield was the largest producing oilfield in Texas. Humble was home of the Humble Oil and Refining Company, a predecessor of Exxon.

As of the 2020 census, the city population was 16,795.
Football Supporters' Association
The Football Supporters' Association (The FSA) is the national, democratic, representative body for football supporters in England and Wales. They are the leading advocates for supporter ownership, better fan engagement, cheaper ticket prices, the choice to stand at the match (safe standing), protecting fan rights, good governance, diversity, and all types of supporter empowerment across both the men's and women's game.

The FSA's chair is Tom Greatrex, and its vice-chair is Chris Paouros, both of whom sit as supporters' representatives on The FA Council.

Tom Greatrex
Thomas James Greatrex (born 30 September 1974) is a British Labour Co-op politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Rutherglen and Hamilton West between 2010 and 2015 and the Shadow Energy Minister from 2011 to 2015.

In 2016 Greatrex became the CEO of the Nuclear Industry Association.
Racławicka metro station
Metro Racławicka is a station on Line M1 of the Warsaw Metro. It is located in the Mokotów district of Warsaw, at the junction of ulica Racławicka (Racławicka Street) and Aleja Niepodległości (Independence Avenue).

The station was opened on 7 April 1995 as part of the inaugural stretch of the Warsaw Metro, between Kabaty and Politechnika.

M1 (Warsaw)
The M1 line is the first line of the Warsaw Metro. It is 23.1 km (14.4 mi) long, has 21 stations and runs from the Kabaty neighborhood in the Ursynów district to the Młociny district in Bielany.

The decision to build it was made in 1982, and a year later the first works in Ursynów began. In 1995, the first section of the route connecting Ursynów and Mokotów with Śródmieście was launched, and the next sections were put into operation in the following years. In 2008, construction of the Bielany section was completed and crossings on the whole line were started. There is also a plan to add two additional stations around the center portion of the metro line.

M1 trains run from approximately 5:00 am to 12:10 am (from Monday to Thursday and Sunday) and from approximately 5:00 am to 3:00 am (Fridays and Saturdays).
Jeff Houser
Jeffrey “Jeff” Houser is an American retired soccer forward who played professionally in the USL A-League.

Houser attended the University of Tampa, playing on the men's soccer team in 1995 and 1996.  He transferred to the University of South Florida for the 1997 and 1998 seasons.  In 1999, Houser turned professional with the Lehigh Valley Steam in the USL A-League.  In 2000, he tore his anterior cruciate ligament during a pre-season tryout with the Kansas City Wizards.  This forced him to sit out the 2000 season.  In 2001, he returned to the field with the Nashville Metros of the USL A-League.  He finished the season tied for third on the league goals list.  He finished his injury-shortened, three-year professional career with the Pittsburgh Riverhounds in 2002.

Nashville Metros
The Nashville Metros were an American soccer team based in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1989, the team most recently played in the Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the South Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. The Metros were the longest continuously operating soccer club in the United Soccer Leagues before their last season in 2012.

In the side's later years its home games were contested at Ezell Park and E. S. Rose Park.
Takahiro Mori
Takahiro Mori (森 隆弘, Mori Takahiro; born March 2, 1980 in Kumamoto) is a retired male medley swimmer from Japan. He represented his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. He is best known for winning three gold medals at the Summer Universiade.

FISU World University Games
The FISU World University Games, formerly the Universiade, is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The former name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and "Olympiad".

The Universiade is referred to in English as the World University Games or World Student Games; however, this latter term can also refer to competitions for sub-University grades students. In July 2020 as part of a new branding system by the FISU, it was stated that the Universiade was to be officially branded as the FISU World University Games.

The most recent summer event was the 2025 Summer World University Games held in Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany held from 16-27 July 2025, while the most recent winter event was the 2025 Winter World University Games held in Turin, Italy from 13 to 23 January 2025.
Patrick Kaleta
Patrick Kaleta (born June 8, 1986) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Buffalo Sabres from 2006 until 2015. He was drafted by the Sabres in the sixth round, 176th overall, of the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. Kaleta is just the third native of the Buffalo Niagara Region to play for the hometown Sabres in the regular season. (Although Marcus Foligno was born in Buffalo, he spent most of his childhood in his father's hometown of Sudbury, Ontario.) Kaleta retains the highest career rate of drawing penalties since the NHL began collecting this data in the 2007-08 season.

Buffalo Niagara Region
The Buffalo Niagara Region is an economic region that is part of the Great Lakes region of North America, comprising much of Western New York in the United States. The Regional Institute of the University at Buffalo has defined the region as including the eight westernmost counties in New York.

The 8 counties in the region, as defined by Invest Buffalo Niagara, are:

Allegany County, New York

Cattaraugus County, New York

Chautauqua County, New York

Erie County, New York

Genesee County, New York

Niagara County, New York

Orleans County, New York

Wyoming County, New York
Karimpura
Karimpura is a village in Fatehgarh Sahib district, Punjab, India. There are about 30 to 35 households in the village. It is 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Bassi Pathana and 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from Fatehgarh Sahib.

The village has a primary school, veterinary hospital, dairy plant, gym, volleyball court, and other sports activities. The gotras of Jatts in the village are Virk, Cheema, Gill, Dhindsa, Bajwa and Sandhu. It is connected through a wide road to the Morinda – Sirhind highway. This village has a 24 hour electricity connection and most of the houses have internet connection with WiFi. The roads of this village has street lights where as no other village in Punjab has street lights.Village of former Chairman,Jagjit Singh Virk.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
Potverdekke! (It's great to be a Belgian)
"Potverdekke! (It's great to be a Belgian)" is a 1998 novelty song, recorded by British singer John Makin, better known under his artist name, Mister John. It was his only hit song in his long career, making him a classic example of a one-hit wonder.

The word "Potverdekke" is a curse word, typically associated with the west region of flanders between Brussels. and Aalst. The word is a minced oath; the intended meaning is "Goddamn!" (Dutch: godverdomme), but the roots for "God" and "damn" have been replaced by similar-sounding words.

Moules-frites
Moules-frites or moules et frites (French pronunciation: [mul.fʁit]]; Dutch: mosselen-friet) is a main dish of mussels and French fries originating in Northern France and Belgium. The name is French, moules meaning mussels and frites fries, with the Dutch name for the dish meaning the same. It is the national dish of Belgium.
Paweł Wojtala
Paweł Wojtala (27 October 1972) is a Polish football administrator and former professional player who played as a centre-back. He spent most of his career in his native Poland and in Germany. He won 12 caps with the Poland national team.

Whilst at Werder Bremen he helped them win the 1998–99 DFB-Pokal, playing as a substitute in the final against Bayern Munich as Bremen won on penalties.

Since 6 August 2016, he is the president of the Greater Poland Football Association. He is currently suspended as a board member of the Polish Football Association, a role he has held since 2022.

Polish Football Association
The Polish Football Association (Polish: Polski Związek Piłki Nożnej; PZPN) is the governing body of association football in Poland. It organizes the Polish football leagues (without the Ekstraklasa), the national cups, and manages the men's and women's national teams. It also runs the national futsal and beach soccer competitions. It is based in the Polish capital of Warsaw.
Piano Concerto in G major (Ravel)
Maurice Ravel's Piano Concerto in G major was composed between 1929 and 1931. The piano concerto is in three movements, with a total playing time of a little over 20 minutes. Ravel said that in this piece he was not aiming to be profound but to entertain, in the manner of Mozart and Saint-Saëns. Among its other influences are jazz and Basque folk music.

The first performance was given in Paris in 1932 by the pianist Marguerite Long, with the Orchestre Lamoureux conducted by the composer. Within months the work was heard in the major cities of Europe and in the US. It has been recorded many times by pianists, orchestras and conductors from all over the world.

Basque music
Basque music refers to the music made in the Basque Country, reflecting traits related to its society/tradition, and devised by people from that territory. While traditionally more closely associated to rural based and Basque language music, the growing diversification of its production during the last decades has tipped the scale in favour of a broad definition.
Raymond Roger Trencavel
Raymond Roger Trencavel (also Raimond, Occitan: Raimon Rogièr; 1185 – 10 November 1209) was a member of the noble Trencavel family. He was viscount of Béziers and Albi (and thus a vassal of the count of Toulouse), and viscount of Carcassonne and the Razès (and thus a vassal of the count of Barcelona, which was also ruling Aragon at this time).

Count of Barcelona
The count of Barcelona (Catalan: comte de Barcelona, Spanish: conde de Barcelona, French: comte de Barcelone, Latin: comes Barcinonensis) was the ruler of the County of Barcelona and also, by extension and according with the Usages and Catalan constitutions, of the Principality of Catalonia as prince (sovereign) for much of Catalan history, from the 9th century until the 18th century. After 1162, with Alfonso II of Aragon and I of Barcelona, the title of count of Barcelona was united with that of king of Aragon, and after the 16th century, with that of king of Spain.
Casey Redford
Casey Redford (born 10 September 1982) is an Australian Paralympic swimmer. A Victorian Institute of Sport scholarship holder, she won three gold medals at the 1999 FESPIC Games, and a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney in the Women's 100 m backstroke S9 event.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
Taṇhaṅkara
Taṇhaṅkara or Taṇhaṅkara Buddha is the first of the twenty-seven Buddhas who preceded the historical Gotama Buddha and the earliest known Buddha. He was also the first Buddha of the Sāramaṇḍa kalpa.

In the Buddhavamsa of the Pali canon, he is briefly mentioned as:

Innumerable aeons ago, Taṇhaṅkara Buddha, Medhaṅkara Buddha, Saraṇaṅkara Buddha and Dīpaṃkara Buddha were born in the Sāramaṇḍa kalpa.

Buddhavaṃsa
The Buddhavaṃsa (also known as the Chronicle of Buddhas) is a hagiographical Buddhist text which describes the life of Gautama Buddha and of the twenty-four Buddhas who preceded him and prophesied his attainment of Buddhahood. It is the fourteenth book of the Khuddaka Nikāya, which in turn is the fifth and last division of the Sutta Piṭaka. The Sutta Piṭaka is one of three piṭakas (main sections) which together constitute the Tipiṭaka, or Pāli Canon of Theravāda Buddhism.

Along with the Apadāna and the Cariyāpiṭaka, the Buddhavaṃsa is considered by most scholars to have been written during the 1st and 2nd century BCE, and is therefore a late addition to the Pāli Canon.
English cricket team in South Africa in 1913–14
The English cricket team in South Africa in 1913–14 was organised by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).  The team played as MCC in the non-Test fixtures and as England in the five Test matches.  They played 18 first-class matches including the Tests, winning 9 times with 8 draws and 1 defeat.

England was captained by Johnny Douglas.  South Africa's captain in the Test series was Herbie Taylor. The series is notable for the exceptional bowling of England's Sydney Barnes, and the determined batting of South Africa skipper Herbie Taylor. It would be the last Test series to be played until after World War I, when England toured Australia in December 1920.

Johnny Douglas
John William Henry Tyler Douglas (3 September 1882 – 19 December 1930) was an English cricketer who was active in the early decades of the twentieth century. Douglas was an all-rounder who played for Essex County Cricket Club from 1901 to 1928 and captained the county from 1911 to 1928. He also played for England and captained England both before and after the First World War with markedly different success. As well as playing cricket, Douglas was a notable amateur boxer who won the middleweight gold medal at the 1908 Olympic Games.
Josefina del Toro Fulladosa
Josefina del Toro Fulladosa (May 23, 1901 – November 19, 1975) was the first woman to become a library school professor in Puerto Rico and the first woman to serve as director of the University of Puerto Rico library. She was instrumental in developing academic libraries in Puerto Rico and was a strong advocate for the academic status of librarians.

University of Puerto Rico
The University of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Universidad de Puerto Rico; often shortened to UPR) is the main public university system in the U.S. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. It is a government-owned corporation with 11 campuses and approximately 44,200 students and approximately 4,450 faculty members. UPR has the largest and most diverse academic offerings in the commonwealth, with 472 academic programs of which 32 lead to a doctorate.
2010 European Trophy
The 2010 European Trophy was a European ice hockey tournament, played between 11 August and 5 September 2010. It was the first edition of the European Trophy. The final weekend was played in Salzburg and Zell am See, with the final held at the Eisarena Salzburg, which Eisbären Berlin won 5–3 over HV71 Jönköping.

Malmö Redhawks
The Malmö Redhawks (colloquially referred to simply as Malmö or by past abbreviation MIF) are a Swedish professional ice hockey team based in Malmö, Sweden, which plays in the SHL, with Malmö Arena as the venue for home games.

The history of the team dates back to 1944 as the ice hockey division of the now exclusively football club Malmö FF. In 1972 the team divested from Malmö FF, marking the start of the hockey association initially known as Malmö IF. The team name was changed to MIF Redhawks in 2001 and then to the present name IF Malmö Redhawks in 2004. Officially the team goes by the name Ishockeyföreningen Malmö Redhawks (Ice Hockey Association Malmö Redhawks). The current CEO is Patrik Sylvegård who represented the team during his senior playing career.
Dylan Cartlidge
Dylan Cartlidge is a rapper and multi-instrumentalist. His music incorporates elements of funk, soul, hip hop, gospel rock, and R&B. He is known for his hopeful narratives. He was featured in the first episode of BBC documentary The Mighty Redcar, where he was seeking a record deal. He signed to Glassnote Records in 2018.

Cartlidge was named to NPR World Cafe's '30 Under 30', following his on air appearance in 2021. He has also appeared at Glastonbury Festival, SXSW, The Great Escape, and BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend at Middlesbrough.

In April 2023, Cartlidge appeared as a guest contestant on the Beta Squad's "Guess the Musician." The panel attempting to identify the professional musician included rapper Dave. Cartlidge was incorrectly voted out by the panel early despite being compared to Jimi Hendrix.

In December 2023, Cartlidge married Dr. Holly Shahverdi, who frequently accompanies him on tour and sings with him.

Glassnote Records
Glassnote Records (also known as Glassnote Entertainment Group LLC) is a record label that was launched by American music executive Daniel Glass in 2007. The label primarily has a lineup of indie rock and alternative rock artists, most notably Mumford & Sons and Phoenix. The label has also released music from popular artists in other genres, such as Silvana Estrada, Chvrches, Childish Gambino and Secondhand Serenade.
2025–26 Dallas Mavericks season
The 2025–26 Dallas Mavericks season is the 46th season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA).

President of basketball operations and general manager Nico Harrison was fired on November 11, 2025. On January 29, 2026, the Mavericks retired Mark Aguirre's jersey number 24 during their game against the Charlotte Hornets.

2025–26 Charlotte Hornets season
The 2025–26 Charlotte Hornets season is the 36th season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA).

Between January and February 2026, the Hornets recorded a nine-game winning streak, their longest since 1999 and the second-longest following the reclamation of the 1988–2002 original Hornets records from the New Orleans Pelicans. This run fell just one win short of the all-time franchise record of 10 in 1998.
Neta Hebrew
NETA (Hebrew: נוער לטובת העברית, No'ar leTovat ha'Ivrit), literally Youth in Favour of Hebrew, is a Hebrew language curriculum for students.  Following the subsequent involvement of the Israeli Center for Educational Technology, the program was rebranded NETA–CET.

The curriculum is described as a more modern, "holistic" approach to the teaching of Hebrew, in response to perceived deficiencies in more traditional approaches used in Jewish day schools and other Hebrew language programs.

Research conducted at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America showed that the NETA curriculum did not appear to be an effective teaching method for students with learning disabilities.

Jewish Theological Seminary of America
The Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS) is a Conservative Jewish education organization in New York City, New York. It is one of the academic and spiritual centers of Conservative Judaism as well as a hub for academic scholarship in Jewish studies. The Jewish Theological Seminary Library is one of the most significant collections of Judaica in the world.