hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heinrich Bertram
Heinrich Bertram was a German-born United States Army soldier who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. He served as a corporal in Company B, 8th U.S. Cavalry in the Arizona Territory during the American Indian Wars. Bertram served in Company B of the 8th U.S. Cavalry, and was awarded the Medal of Honor on July 24, 1869, for "bravery in scouts and actions against Indians."

8th Cavalry Regiment
The 8th Cavalry Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army formed in 1866 during the American Indian Wars. The 8th Cavalry continued to serve under a number of designations, fighting in every other major U.S. conflict since, except World War I, when it was not deployed to Europe because it was already engaged in the Punitive Expedition in Mexico from 1916 to 1920. It is currently a component of the 1st Cavalry Division.
My Brother and I
"My Brother and I" is the second Christmas special of the British television sitcom Dad's Army. It was originally transmitted on Friday, 26 December 1975. The episode features Arthur Lowe in a dual role as his regular role of Captain Mainwaring and as Mainwaring's estranged brother Barry.

Christmas in popular culture
Christmas themes have long been an inspiration to artists and writers. A prominent aspect of Christian media, the topic first appeared in literature and in music. Filmmakers have picked up on this wealth of material, with both adaptations of Christmas novels, in the forms of Christmas films, Santa Claus films, and Christmas television specials.

It also includes animation, comics, and children's books, including A Charlie Brown Christmas, How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, and Frosty the Snowman.
Chris Rusiewicz
Christopher Rusiewicz is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Northwest Guilford High School, a position he has held since 2023. He was the head football coach for Guilford College from 2011 to 2019 and finished his tenure as the school's all-time winningest coach. He also coached for the semi-professional Eastern Pennsylvania Scorpions, Ursinus, Northern Guilford High School, and Greensboro. He played college football for Shippensburg as a running back.

In 2010, Rusiewicz was named AFCA Assistant Coach of the Year.

Northwest Guilford High School
Northwest Guilford High School is a public high school in Guilford County, North Carolina. In 2022–2023 it had an enrollment of approximately 2,000 students in grades 9 through 12.

The school was ranked by Newsweek's Best High Schools in America as 22nd among North Carolina high schools in 2024.
Star Star Broadcasting Station
Star Star Broadcasting Station (Chinese: 星星廣播電臺; pinyin: xīng xīng guǎngbò diàntái, ENIGMA2000: V13), also known as Xing Xing, and often misidentified as "New Star", is a short wave numbers station in a frequency of upwards of 8000 kHz upper sideband modulation (USB), broadcasting from Taiwan, and is known for its introductory segments of Chinese flute playing.

Believed to be operated by Taiwan's Military Intelligence Bureau of Ministry of Defence, it is broadcast from the Guanyin station of the Voice of Han Broadcasting of Ministry of Defence, and address to Taiwanese intelligence agents operating within mainland China.

Sideband
In radio communications, a sideband is a band of frequencies higher than or lower than the carrier frequency, that are the result of the modulation process.  The sidebands carry the information transmitted by the radio signal. The sidebands comprise all the spectral components of the modulated signal except the carrier. The signal components above the carrier frequency constitute the upper sideband (USB), and those below the carrier frequency constitute the lower sideband (LSB). All forms of modulation produce sidebands.
Arkansas Highway 612
Arkansas Highway 612, known as the Springdale Northern Bypass, is the temporary designation of the future U.S. Route 412 (US 412) bypass around Springdale in the U.S. state of Arkansas. It currently consists of a four-lane freeway from a temporary at-grade intersection with Highway 112 in Springdale to an interchange with Interstate 49 (I-49) in Springdale.

Once completed, the highway is planned to act as a bypass of US 412 around Springdale, relieving traffic and improving travel between the city and Northwest Arkansas National Airport. The highway is planned to be a four-lane Interstate-standard divided freeway which will eventually be designated as I-42. There is no funding to complete the bypass entirely.

Interstate Highway standards
Standards for Interstate Highways in the United States are defined by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in the publication A Policy on Design Standards: Interstate System. For a certain highway to be considered an Interstate Highway, it must meet these construction requirements or obtain a waiver from the Federal Highway Administration.
Leon (given name)
Leon (Ancient Greek: λέων, romanized: léon; leōn) is a first name of Greek origin, meaning "lion". It gave rise to similar names in other languages, including the Latin Leo, French Lyon or Léon, Irish Leon, Spanish León, Armenian Levon / Լևոն or Georgian Levan / ლევან.

In Greek mythology, Leon was a giant killed by Heracles. One of the oldest attested historical figures to bear this name was Leon of Sparta, a 6th-century BCE king of Sparta. During the Christian era, the name Leon was merged with the Latin cognate Leo, with the result that the two forms are used interchangeably.

A similar Greek name, Leonidas, means "son of a lion". Leonidas I, king of Sparta, was a famous bearer of that name.

The Ancient Greek word λέων ultimately comes from Proto-Semitic *labiʾ-, which is not Indo-European.

Cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language.

Because language change can have radical effects on both the sound and the meaning of a word, cognates may not be obvious, and it often takes rigorous study of historical sources and the application of the comparative method to establish whether lexemes are cognate.  It can also happen that words which appear similar, or identical, in different languages, are not cognate.

Cognates are distinguished from loanwords, where a word has been borrowed from another language.
PNS Muhafiz
PNS Muhafiz was an Adjutant-class minesweeper  of the Pakistan Navy. It was built by the United States for transfer to Pakistan. PNS Muhafiz was sunk by a missile from INS Veer of the Indian Navy during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

PNS Zulfiqar (K265) of Pakistan was also damaged beyond repair by friendly fire from aircraft of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) which mistook her for a missile boat of the Indian Navy during the same war. India also lost INS Khukri in this war.

Adjutant-class minesweeper
The Adjutant-class auxiliary motor minesweepers were built for the United States Navy throughout the  1950s and 1960s, even as late as 1978. Most were loaned to foreign countries under the Military Defense Assistance Pact, with only 24 actually commissioned by the US Navy, with 13 of those eventually being transferred to foreign nations as well. Initially classified as auxiliary motor minesweepers (AMS), on 7 February 1955, they were reclassified as coastal minesweepers (minesweeper, coastal) (MSC).
Ki Tavo
Ki Tavo, Ki Thavo, Ki Tabo, Ki Thabo, or Ki Savo (כִּי־תָבוֹא—Hebrew for "when you enter," the second and third words, and the first distinctive words, in the parashah) is the 50th weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the seventh in the Book of Deuteronomy. It comprises Deuteronomy 26:1–29:8. The parashah tells of the ceremony of the first fruits (בִּכּוּרִים, bikkurim), tithes, and the blessings from observance and curses (תוֹכֵחָה, tocheichah) from violation of the law.

The parashah is made up of 6,811 Hebrew letters, 1,747 Hebrew words, 122 verses, and 261 lines in a Torah Scroll (סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה, Sefer Torah). Jews generally read it in September, or rarely in late August.

Mount Ebal
Mount Ebal (Hebrew: הַר עֵיבָל, romanized: Har ʿĒḇāl; Arabic: جَبَل عَيْبال, romanized: Jabal ʿAybāl) is one of the two mountains near the city of Nablus (biblical Shechem) in the West Bank, and forms the northern side of the valley in which Nablus is situated, the southern side being formed by Mount Gerizim. The mountain is one of the highest peaks in the West Bank and rises to 935 m (3,068 ft) above sea level, some 60 m (200 ft) higher than Mount Gerizim. Mount Ebal is approximately 17 km2 (6.6 sq mi) in area, and is composed primarily of limestone. The slopes of the mountain contain several large caverns which were probably originally quarries, and at the base towards the north are several tombs.
Tadeusz Franciszek Ogiński
Prince Tadeusz Franciszek Andrzej Ogiński (Belarusian: Тадэвуш Францішак Андрэй Агінскі, Lithuanian: Tadas Pranciškus Andrius Oginskis) was a szlachcic from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

He was Grand Clerk of Lithuania starting in 1737, castellan of Trakai starting in 1744, voivode of Trakai starting in 1770, starost of Oszmiański, Wierzbowski and Przewalski.

He had two wives, Izabella Radziwiłł and Jadwiga Załuska.  He had two children with Radziwiłł, Andrzej Ignacy Ogiński and Franciszek Ksawery Ogiński.

Marshal of the Sejm (zwyczajnego) on 5 October - 19 November 1744 in Hrodna.

Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded on 3 August 1742.

Marshal of the Sejm
The Marshal of the Sejm  (Polish: Marszałek Sejmu, pronounced [marˈʂawɛk ˈsɛjmu]) is the speaker (chair) of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish Parliament. The office traces its origins to the 15th century. In modern Poland, the full title is Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Marszałek Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej). Marszałek, in this case, is Polish native name for parliamentary Speaker.
1992 The Entrance state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of The Entrance on 18 January 1992 because the Court of Disputed Returns overturned the result of the 1991 The Entrance election. Bob Graham (Liberal) had been declared elected by 116 votes over Grant McBride (Labor). Justice Slattery in the Court of Disputed Returns held that more than 200 voters in The Entrance had been given ballot papers for the adjoining district of Gosford and that the poll was void.

Electoral district of Gosford
Gosford is an electoral district of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in Australia. The electorate covers the southern and western parts of the Central Coast Council in the Central Coast region, including central Gosford and Woy Woy.

It is represented by Liesl Tesch of the Labor Party, elected at the 2017 by-election.
Di Giacomo
Di or di Giacomo is the surname of:

Andrea di Niccolò di Giacomo (1440–1514), Italian painter

Daniela di Giacomo (born 1985), Venezuelan TV host, journalist, radio host, model and beauty queen

Federica Di Giacomo, director and writer of the 2016 documentary Libera Nos

Francesco Di Giacomo (1947–2014), Italian singer and lyricist

Franco Di Giacomo (1932–2016), Italian cinematographer

Gegè Di Giacomo (1918–2005), Italian singer and drummer, nephew of Savatore Di Giacomo

Marina di Giacomo (born 1976), Argentine field hockey player

Paul di Giacomo (born 1982), Scottish footballer

Salvatore Di Giacomo (1860–1934), Italian poet, songwriter, playwright and fascist

Daniela di Giacomo
Daniela Anette di Giacomo di Giovanni (born May 15, 1985) is a Venezuelan TV host, journalist, radio host, model and beauty queen. She was crowned Miss Venezuela International 2005 and then Miss International 2006 in China. She worked on Venezuelan channel Televen for a long time and now works for Univision in the United States.

Her victory in the 46th edition of Miss International, held in Beijing, China, earned Venezuela its fifth title in the pageant's history, making it the most successful country to date. She bested 51 other delegates to wear the pageant's newly unveiled crystal crown, rather than the traditional pearl crown.

Di Giacomo received as a prize a ¥3,000,000 check, a Maki Diamond tiara with 637 diamonds and a Tokuda Yasokichi III kutani blue ceramic trophy.
Tagiades menaka
Tagiades menaka, commonly known as the spotted snow flat or the dark-edged snow flat, is a species of spread-winged skipper butterflies. It contains three subspecies.

Tagiades menaka manis
Found in the Himalayas from Kashmir to Assam, and Burma
Tagiades menaka mantra Evans, 1934
Found in the northwest Himalayas, Burma, Thailand, Laos, northern Vietnam, and Hainan, southern China
Tagiades menaka menaka Evans, 1934

T. m. vajuna from Kanara, India has been transferred to the species Tagiades litigiosa. T. m. var. formosana and T. m. var. cohaerens of southern China and Taiwan, has been reclassified as Tagiades cohaerens.

Spread-winged skipper
Pyrginae, commonly known as spread-winged skippers, are a subfamily of the skipper butterfly family (Hesperiidae). The subfamily was established by Hermann Burmeister in 1878. Their delimitation and internal systematics has changed considerably in recent years with the most recent review being in 2019.

It still is the second-largest subfamily of skipper butterflies, although of its over 1,000 species a considerable number are no longer in that classification.
Core Evidence
Core Evidence is a peer-reviewed healthcare journal covering research on drug development. The journal was established in 2005 and is published by Dove Medical Press, since 2017 part of Taylor & Francis.

Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug. The entire process—from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I–III trials—to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade.
Lakhvajeh
Lakhvajeh (Persian: لاخواجه, also Romanized as Lākhvājeh) is a village in Dehshir Rural District, in the Central District of Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 40, in 13 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
Amak Volcano
Amak Volcano is a basaltic andesite stratovolcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, United States, 618 miles (995 km) from Anchorage. It is located on the eponymous island, 31 miles (50 km) from Frosty Volcano and near the edge of the Alaskan Peninsula's western flank. Only boats are allowed to access the island with a certain permit.

Blocky (dotted with flat blocks of minerals and crystals) lava flows stream from its summit to its flanks. Three historical eruptions have taken place – two within the 18th century, the first from 1700 to 1710, and the latter in 1796. The earliest prehistoric eruption was believed to have taken place between 3050 and 2050 BCE.

Basaltic andesite
Basaltic andesite or andesibasalt is a volcanic rock that is intermediate in composition between basalt and andesite.  It is composed predominantly of augite and plagioclase. Basaltic andesite can be found in volcanoes around the world, including in Central America and the Andes of South America.
Luponde
Luponde is a town and ward in Njombe Urban District in the Njombe Region of the Tanzanian Southern Highlands. The biggest employer is the Luponde tea factory.

In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 9,675 people in the ward, from 9,372 in 2012.

Njombe Region
Njombe Region (Mkoa wa Njombe in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions which covers a land area of 21,347 km2 (8,242 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of El Salvador. Njombe Region is bordered to the north by the Iringa Region and Mbeya Region, to the east by Morogoro Region, to the south by the Ruvuma Region and to the west by Lake Nyasa. The regional capital is the municipality of Njombe. According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 702,097.
Hypostomus francisci
Hypostomus francisci is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the upper São Francisco River basin. The species reaches 36 cm (14.2 inches) SL.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Arun Sarnaik
Arun Shankarrao Sarnaik (4 October 1935 – 21 June 1984) was an Indian actor and singer who worked in Marathi films. In a career spanning 28 years, he is regarded as one of the most successful and accomplished actors in Marathi cinema. Sarnaik was the recipient of several accolades, including four Maharashtra State Film Awards.

He was the son of the famous singer Pandit Shankarao Sarnaik and brother of famous classical singer Pandit Nivruttibua Sarnaik from Jaipur Atrauli Gharana.  Along with his acting talent, Sarnaik was noted for his screen presence and appearance, and was considered among the leading men of his era in Marathi cinema.

Maharashtra State Film Awards
Maharashtra State Film Awards, one of the prestigious awards of Marathi cinema, are awarded by the Government of Maharashtra to Marathi language films and artists. They were first awarded in 1963.

The Maharashtra State Film Awards are adjudicated by an independent jury jointly formed by the Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Maharashtra. The jury typically comprises eminent personalities from the film industry. A separate jury is constituted for the awards recognizing literature on cinema. Films are invited for consideration annually, and the jury evaluates the submissions to select the winners. The awards aim to promote artistic excellence in cinema and incentivize filmmakers, technicians, and producers. The Minister for Cultural Affairs announces the awardees, who are presented with the prizes by the Chief Minister of Maharashtra.
Baroniella
Baroniella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae.

Its native range is Madagascar.

Species:

Baroniella acuminata (Choux) Bullock

Baroniella camptocarpoides Costantin & Gallaud

Baroniella capillacea Klack.

Baroniella collaris Klack.

Baroniella effusa Klack.

Baroniella ensifolia Klack.

Baroniella linearifolia Klack.

Baroniella linearis (Choux) Bullock

Baroniella longicornis Klack.

Baroniella multiflora (Choux) Bullock

Baroniella capillacea
Baroniella capillacea is a species of plant in the Apocynaceae family. It is endemic to Madagascar. Jens Klackenberg, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after very narrow or thread-like (capillaceus in Latin) leaves.
Kryptic
Kryptic is a Canadian horror thriller film, directed by Kourtney Roy and released in 2024. The film stars Chloe Pirrie in a dual role as Barb Valentine, a cryptid hunter who has disappeared while hunting for the Sooka, a mysterious forest creature, and Kay, a woman who herself encounters the Sooka while searching for Barb, and abandons her life to embark on a new quest for meaning and identity after the encounter eliminates all her memories of who she used to be.

The cast also includes Jeff Gladstone, Jason Deline, Ali Rusu-Tahir, Kamantha Naidoo, Jenna Hill, Pam Kearns, Jane Stanton, Sara J. Southey, Jennifer Copping, Moses Wamukoya, Sarah Hayward, Patti Allan, Christina Lewall and Ardy Ramezani.

Jason Deline
Jason Deline is a Canadian actor, comedian and director. He is best known for his role as Ernie in Ready or Not, and for voicing the character of Drago in Bakugan Battle Brawlers and its reboot Bakugan Battle Planet.
Ben Beck
Benjamin Harlow Beck (April 14, 1889 – January 26, 1968) was an American college football and basketball coach. He served as the head football coach at Nebraska Wesleyan University in 1919, at Hamline University from 1921 to 1923, and at Middlebury College from 1928 to 1941. Beck was hired as coach of all freshmen athletics at Brown University in 1924.

Beck was born April 14, 1889, in Bartley, Nebraska, to Charles and Sarah (Dillon) Beck. He attended Nebraska Wesleyan and graduated from the University of Nebraska with a Bachelor of Science degree. Beck died on January 26, 1968, at Guthrie Nursing Home in Woodstock, Vermont.

Hamline University
Hamline University (/ˈhæmlɪn/ HAM-lin) is a private university in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1854, Hamline is the second oldest university in Minnesota, the first coeducational university in the state, and is one of five Associated Colleges of the Twin Cities. The university is named after Bishop Leonidas Lent Hamline of the United Methodist Church. As of 2017, Hamline had 2,117 undergraduate students and 1,668 graduate students.

In 2022, the university attracted widespread criticism after firing an adjunct professor for showing paintings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in a class on the history of Islamic art.
Weightlifting at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' 69 kg
The boys' 69 kg weightlifting event was the third men's event at the weightlifting competition at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, with competitors limited to a maximum of 69 kilograms of body mass. The whole competition took place on August 16 at 18:00.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

Snatch (weightlifting)
The snatch is the first of two lifts contested in the sport of weightlifting (also known as Olympic weightlifting) followed by the clean and jerk. The objective of the snatch is to lift the barbell from the ground to overhead in one continuous motion. There are four main styles of snatch used: snatch (full snatch or squat snatch), split snatch, power snatch, and muscle snatch.  The full lift is the most common style used in competition, while power snatches and muscle snatches are mostly used for training purposes, and split snatches are now rarely used. Any of these lifts can be performed from the floor, from the hang position, or from blocks. In competition, only lifts from the floor are allowed.
Kazi Ertaza Hassan
Kazi Ertaza Hassan is a businessman, politician, and entrepreneur. He is the chairperson of Vorer Pata Group of Industries. And he is a director of the Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce & Industries (FBCCI). He is editor of Daily Vorer Pata and People's time. He was former president of Rangpur Riders. And vice chairman of Sylhet Thunders. He is the board of chairman of Bangladesh Economic Zone Investors Association (BEZIA). and he was also vice president of International Relations of The Indo-Italian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IICCI). He was the acting president of Satkhira District Awami League.

Sylhet Titans
Sylhet Titans (Bengali: সিলেট টাইটান্স) is a professional franchise cricket team that competes in the Bangladesh Premier League (BPL). They represent Sylhet Division. The team plays their home matches at the Sylhet International Cricket Stadium. The current team known as Sylhet Titans established under its present name in 2025.