hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daphne Woodward
Daphne Woodward was a translator of French literature into the English language.

In particular, she was responsible for translating eight books in the Inspector Maigret series by the Belgian detective writer Georges Simenon. These were commissioned by Hamish Hamilton during the 1950s and 1960s and gained wider popularity through the Penguin Maigret series. They included Maigret's Failure (1962) and Maigret and the Enigmatic Lett (1963), a translation of the very first novel in the series, Pietr-le-Letton, first published in 1931.

In the late-1940s she was secretary to Arthur Koestler.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Opolian Silesia
Opole Silesia or Opolian Silesia (Polish: Śląsk Opolskiⓘ, also known as Opolszczyzna, German: Oppelner Schlesien, Silesian: Ôpolski Ślōnsk, Czech: Opolské Slezsko), is a loosely defined historical region of Poland, part of Upper Silesia.

Throughout much of its history, the region was ruled by the Duchy of Opole and other Silesian duchies, formed during the medieval fragmentation of Piast-ruled Poland. Following the Silesian Wars, the region became part of Prussia, and from 1871 to 1945 it was incorporated into Germany. After Germany's defeat in World War II, in accordance with the Oder–Neisse line, Opole Silesia was reintegrated into Poland.

Duchies of Silesia
The Duchies of Silesia were the more than twenty divisions of the region of Silesia formed between the 12th and 14th centuries by the breakup of the Duchy of Silesia, then part of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1335, the duchies were ceded to the Kingdom of Bohemia under the Treaty of Trentschin. Thereafter until 1742, Silesia was one of the Bohemian crown lands and lay within the Holy Roman Empire. Most of Silesia was annexed by the King of Prussia under the Treaty of Berlin in 1742. Only the Duchy of Teschen, the Duchy of Troppau and the Duchy of Nysa remained under the control of the Bohemian crown and as such were known as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia until 1918.
Phyllogyalidea
Phyllogyalidea is a genus of lichens in the family Gomphillaceae. It was circumscribed in 2008 by lichenologists Robert Lücking and André Aptroot, with Phyllogyalidea epiphylla designated as the type species. P. phyllophila was recorded from the Shakhe River valley (Krasnodar Territory, Western Transcaucasia) in 2016.

South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia, or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, which are sometimes collectively known as the Caucasian States. The total area of these countries measures about 186,100 square kilometres (71,850 square miles). The South Caucasus and the North Caucasus together comprise the larger Caucasus geographical region that divides Eurasia.
Pushmo
Pushmo, known as Pullblox in PAL regions, is a downloadable puzzle game developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for its Nintendo 3DS handheld system, available on the Nintendo eShop. In the game, players must shift around puzzle blocks in order to create steps and platforms, ultimately to reach children who have been trapped within the giant structures. A sequel, Crashmo, was released for the Nintendo 3DS in 2012. A third game, Pushmo World, was released for Wii U on June 19, 2014. A fourth game, Stretchmo, was released for Nintendo 3DS in May 2015.

All games in the series for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U are no longer available due to the Nintendo eShop closure for those systems.

Intelligent Systems
Intelligent Systems Co., Ltd. is a Japanese video game developer best known for developing games published by Nintendo with the Paper Mario, Fire Emblem, WarioWare, and Wars video game series.

The company is well known for almost exclusively working with Nintendo, despite not being owned by Nintendo in any capacity; some exceptions include various Dragon Quest games, which were published by Square Enix.
James Enright (basketball)
James Enright (April 3, 1910 – December 20, 1981) was a college and professional basketball referee and sportswriter. He was born in Sodus, Michigan and began officiating at 20 years old.

After retiring in 1964 from a refereeing career that saw him officiate the 1954 NCAA tournament Final Four and the 1948 and 1952 Olympic basketball qualifying tournaments, Enright resumed a career he had abandoned for refereeing in 1930 and covered basketball and baseball for such publications as The Sporting News and the Chicago Evening American.

In 1968, Enright became president of the United States Basketball Writers Association and, in 1978, in view of his contributions to the game of basketball as a referee, Enright was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.  He is also a member of the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame.

U.S. Basketball Writers Association
The United States Basketball Writers Association (USBWA) was founded in 1956 with the urging of National Collegiate Athletic Association director Walter Byers to serve the interests of journalists who cover college basketball.
Tille (river)
The Tille (French pronunciation: [tij]) is an 83-kilometre-long (52 mi) river of eastern France (département Côte-d'Or), a right tributary of the Saône. It is formed by the confluence of three small streams near Cussey-les-Forges, on the Plateau of Langres. The Tille flows south through the following towns: Til-Châtel, Arc-sur-Tille (east of Dijon) and Genlis. The Tille flows into the Saône in Les Maillys, 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Auxonne.

In 2022, the river dried up following severe drought conditions.

Auxonne
Auxonne (French pronunciation: [oksɔn] or [osɔn]) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

Auxonne is one of the sites of the defensive structures of Vauban, clearly seen from the train bridge as it enters the train station on the Dijon–Vallorbe line railway line. It also was home to the Artillery School where Napoleon Bonaparte was stationed as a lieutenant and audited classes from 1788 to 1791.

The commune has been awarded one flower by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.
San Esteban National Park
The San Esteban National Park (in Spanish Parque Nacional San Esteban) is located in Carabobo, Venezuela.

The park lies on the Northeastern part of Carabobo and it links with the Henri Pittier National Park of Aragua.

Both are natural reservation areas. The park was created in 1987 and it is 445 square kilometres. It lies in the municipalities of Guacara, Naguanagua, Puerto Cabello and San Diego.

Aragua
Aragua State (Spanish: Estado Aragua, IPA: [esˈtaðo aˈɾaɣwa]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Located in the Central Region of Venezuela, it has plains, jungles, and Caribbean beaches, of which the most popular are Cata and Choroni. It has Venezuela's first national park, Henri Pittier National Park. The capital is Maracay, and it includes other important cities like Turmero and El Limón.

Aragua State covers a total surface area of 7,014 km2 (2,708 sq mi) and, based on the 2011 census information, the estimated population of Aragua State in 2012 is 1,630,308 inhabitants.
Aleksandr Baryatinsky
Prince Aleksandr Ivanovich Baryatinsky (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Баря́тинский, romanized: Aleksandr Ivanovich Baryatinsky; 14 May [O.S. 2 May] 1815 – 9 March 1879) was a Russian general and field marshal (from 1859), prince, and governor of the Caucasus.

Field marshal (Russia)
General-feldmarshal (Russian: Генерал-фельдмаршал, from German: general-feldmarschall) was, with the exception of Generalissimo, the highest military rank of the Russian Empire. It was a military rank of the 1st class in the Imperial Russian Army and equal to those of Chancellor and Active Privy Councillor, 1st class in civil service, and General Admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 the rank was abolished, alongside the Table of Ranks. In 1935 however, the Red Army introduced the equivalent rank of "Marshal of the Soviet Union" (Russian: Маршал Советского Союза) as the highest military rank of the Soviet Union, when ranks were restored under Stalin's rule.
2025 FIBA U16 Women's EuroBasket
The 2025 FIBA U16 Women's EuroBasket was the 35th edition of the European basketball championship for women's national under-16 teams. The tournament was played in Pitești and Mioveni, Romania, from 15 to 23 August 2025.

Mioveni
Mioveni (Romanian pronunciation: [mi.oˈvenʲ]) is a town in Argeș County, Romania, approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) north-east of Pitești. As of 2021, it had a population of 29,317. The town administers four villages: Clucereasa, Colibași, Făgetu, and Racovița.
Warner L. Lawrence
Warner Lawrence is a fireboat owned and operated by the Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD) in Los Angeles. Designed by Robert Allan Ltd. in the early 2000s, Warner Lawrence was built in Washington and delivered to San Pedro on 21 May 2003. She was dedicated on 12 April of that year. She was built by Nichols Boats of Freeland, Washington, according to the LAFD. She replaced the fireboat Ralph J. Scott.

It is an omnidirectional vessel driven by two Voith Schneider Propellers type 26 GII/165-AE 45.  Warner Lawrence has the capability to pump up to 38,000 US gallons per minute (2.397 m3/s) up to 400 feet (121.9 m) in the air; has 10 monitors.  Its pumps are powered by two 1,575 horsepower (1,174 kW) pump engines.  It has a fully equipped medical suite; can deploy a bucket and ladder to 50 feet (15 m) at up to 600 pounds (270 kg).  A diving platform can be deployed to 10 feet (3.0 m) below the surface.

Voith Schneider Propeller
The Voith Schneider Propeller (VSP) is a specialized marine propulsion system (MPS) manufactured by the Voith Group based on a cyclorotor design. It is highly maneuverable, being able to change the direction of its thrust almost instantaneously. It is widely used on tugs and ferries.
The Voith Schneider drive was invented by Ernst Schneider. It has been developed and produced by Voith in Heidenheim an der Brenz and St. Pölten since 1926.
Slavski Laz
Slavski Laz (pronounced [ˈslaːu̯ski ˈlas]; German: Slauskilas) is a village on the left bank of the Kolpa River in the Municipality of Kostel in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

The local church, built on a small elevation outside the village to the northeast, is dedicated to the Holy Trinity (Slovene: Sveta Trojica). It dates to the 17th century.

Municipality of Kostel
The Municipality of Kostel (pronounced [ˈkɔːstɛu̯]; Slovene: Občina Kostel) is a municipality in southern Slovenia. Its seat is the settlement of Vas. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It borders Croatia.
Phigalus
In Greek mythology, Phigalus (Ancient Greek: Φίγαλος) was an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by unknown woman. Otherwise, he was called an autochthon.

Phigalia
Phigalia or Phigaleia or Phigalea (Ancient Greek: Φιγαλεία or Φιγαλέα or Φιγάλεια or Φιγαλία), also known as Phialia (Φιαλία or Φιάλεια), was an ancient Greek city in the south-west corner of ancient Arcadia, in the region of ancient Parrhasia close to the frontiers of Messenia, and upon the right bank of the Neda, about halfway between the sources and the mouth of this river. It is also the present name of a nearby modern village, known up to the early 20th century as Pavlitsa (Παύλιτσα). In modern geography it is located in southeastern Elis.  It is situated on an elevated rocky site, among some of the highest mountains in the Peloponnese, the most conspicuous being called Cotylium and Elaeum; the identification of the latter is uncertain.

Within the ancient territory of Phigalia stands the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae, which the Phigalians built on the mountain known as Cotylium in the late fifth century BC.
Gnathophis longicauda
Gnathophis longicauda, the little conger, little conger eel or silver conger, is an eel in the family Congridae (conger/garden eels). It was described by Edward Pierson Ramsay and James Douglas Ogilby in 1888, originally under the genus Congromuraena. It is a marine, temperate water-dwelling eel which is endemic to Australia, in the Indo-West Pacific. It dwells at a depth range of 2–99 metres, and inhabits the continental shelf and slope.

James Douglas Ogilby
James Douglas Ogilby (16 February 1853 – 11 August 1925) was an Australian ichthyologist and herpetologist.

Ogilby was born in Belfast, Ireland, and was the son of zoologist William Ogilby and his wife Adelaide, née Douglas.  He received his education at Winchester College, England, and Trinity College, Dublin.

Ogilby worked for the British Museum before joining the Australian Museum in Sydney.  After being let go for drunkenness in 1890, he picked up contract work before joining the Queensland Museum in Brisbane circa 1903.

He was the author of numerous scientific papers on reptiles, and he described a new species of turtle and several new species of lizards.
Square-free word
In combinatorics, a square-free word is a word (a sequence of symbols) that does not contain any squares. A square is a word of the form XX, where X is not empty. Thus, a square-free word can also be defined as a word that avoids the pattern XX.

M. Lothaire
M. Lothaire is the pseudonym of a group of mathematicians, many of whom were students of Marcel-Paul Schützenberger. The name is used as the author of several of their joint books about  combinatorics on words. The group is named for Lothair I.
Samuel Walker (Massachusetts politician)
Samuel Walker (October 9, 1793 – December 11, 1860) was an American politician, who served as the third Mayor of Roxbury, Massachusetts from 1851 to 1853.  Walker was also the fifth President of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society.

Massachusetts Horticultural Society
The Massachusetts Horticultural Society, sometimes abbreviated to Mass Hort or MHS, is an American horticultural society based in Massachusetts. It describes itself as the oldest formally organized horticultural institution in the United States. As of 2014, it had some 5,000 members.
Alex Roy
Alexander Roy (born November 23, 1971) is an American writer, podcaster, TV host and rally race driver who has set various endurance driving records, including the US "Cannonball Run" transcontinental driving record, which he and Dave Maher broke in 2007 in 31 hours and 4 minutes, featured in the 2019 documentary APEX: The Secret Race Across America.

On April 1, 2015, Roy announced that he had completed the transcontinental driving record across the United States in 26 hours, 28 minutes. He subsequently revealed it to be an April Fools prank intended to highlight the lack of fact checking in online media.

Battery Park Underpass
The Battery Park Underpass is a vehicular tunnel at the southernmost tip of Manhattan, New York City, near the neighborhoods of South Ferry and Battery Park City. The tunnel connects FDR Drive, which runs along the east side of Manhattan Island, with the West Side Highway (New York State Route 9A, or NY 9A), which runs along the island's west side. Opened in 1951, it was the second section of FDR Drive to be completed. The underpass crosses beneath the Battery (formerly Battery Park) and the approach to the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel.
Lalla Aaziza
Lalla Aaziza is a town and rural commune in Chichaoua Province of the Marrakesh-Safi region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 7781 people living in 1355 households.

Chichaoua Province
Chichaoua (Arabic: إقليم شيشاوة) is a province in the Moroccan region of Marrakesh-Safi. Its population in 2004 was 378,932

The major cities and towns are:

Chichaoua

Sidi Zouine

Imintanut

Sid L Mukhtar
Chief of the Defence Staff (Sierra Leone)
The Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) is the professional head of the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces. He is  responsible for the administration and the operational control of the Sierra Leonean military. It is the highest rank military position in the country.

In 1985, General Joseph Saidu Momoh, the army commander, succeed President Siaka Stevens. It is not clear what exactly Momoh's title was but it seems likely that he was the senior Sierra Leonean military officer and held the predecessor to the CDS's post.

Brigadier General Tom Carew was Chief of Defence Staff from April 2000 to November 2004. He may have been promoted to Major General during his tenure. Major General Alfred Nelson-Williams was the Chief of the Defence Staff of the Republic of the Armed Forces, between 2008 and 2010. Nelson-Williams succeeded the retiring Major General Edward Sam M'boma on 12 September 2008. The current chief is Lieutenant General Sullay Ibrahim Sesay.

Edward Sam M'boma
Edward Sam M'bomah is a Sierra Leonean military commander. He is at the rank of Major General and is also the Chief of the Defence Staff of The Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces. In February 2007, M'boma acted as spokesman for the RSLAF in declaring that no voting booths for the upcoming federal elections will be placed inside the army barracks. Instead, the booths will be placed among other civilians, thus eliminating the chance that military personnel votes can be separated from that of civilians.
George Zucco
George Zucco (11 January 1886 – 27 May 1960) was a British character actor who appeared in plays and 96 films, mostly American-made, during a career spanning over two decades, from the 1920s to 1951. In his films, he often played a suave villain, a member of nobility, or a mad doctor.

Mad scientist
The mad scientist (also mad doctor or mad professor) is a stock character of a scientist who is perceived as "mad, bad and dangerous to know" or "insane" owing to a combination of unusual or unsettling personality traits and the unabashedly ambitious, taboo or hubristic nature of their experiments. As a motif in fiction, the mad scientist may be villainous (evil genius) or antagonistic, benign, or neutral; may be insane, eccentric, or clumsy; and often works with fictional technology or fails to recognise or value common human objections to attempting to play God. Some may have benevolent intentions, even if their actions are dangerous or questionable, which can make them accidental antagonists.
Bajo Barreal Formation
The Bajo Barreal Formation is a geological formation in the Golfo San Jorge Basin of Chubut and Santa Cruz, Argentina whose strata date back to the Middle Cenomanian to Late Turonian. The formation was first described by Teruggi & Rossetto in 1963. The sandstones, claystones, mudstones, conglomerates and tuff were deposited in a fluvial environment. The upper part of formation is laterally equivalent to the Yacimiento El Trébol and Meseta Espinosa Formation and the lower part to the Laguna Palacios, Cañadón Seco and Comodoro Rivadavia Formations. The Bajo Barreal Formation is a reservoir rock in the Golfo San Jorge Basin.

Mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

The term mudstone is also used to describe carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) that are composed predominantly of carbonate mud. However, in most contexts, the term refers to siliciclastic mudstone, composed mostly of silicate minerals.

The NASA Curiosity rover has found deposits of mudstone on Mars that contain organic substances such as propane, benzene and toluene.
2023 International GT Open
The 2023 International GT Open was the eighteenth season of the International GT Open, the grand tourer-style sports car racing series founded in 2006 by the Spanish GT Sport Organización. It began on 29 April at the Algarve International Circuit and ended at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya on 22 October after seven rounds of two races each.

International GT Open
The International GT Open is a grand tourer-style sports car racing series founded in 2006 by the Spanish GT Sport Organización.  It was a spin-off of the now-defunct Spanish GT Championship, but is now a distinct series featuring FIA GT3-spec cars modified from production road cars.
Dulcify
Dulcify (14 October 1975 – 6 November 1979) was a New Zealand–bred Thoroughbred racehorse. His British-bred sire was the 1970 Irish 2,000 Guineas winner, Decies (GB), a grandson of Pharis (FR), the very important French sire whom Thoroughbred Heritage says is "considered one of the greatest French-bred runners of the century."

Dulcify's dam was the Australian mare Sweet Candy (AUS), a daughter of 1957 Golden Slipper Stakes winner and Australian Racing Hall of Fame inductee Todman (AUS).

He was owned and raced by Colin Hayes, who purchased him for $3,250. Hayes called him the best horse he ever raced.

A patient, come-from-behind runner, his most important career win came in the 1979 Cox Plate, which he won by a still-standing record of seven lengths.
The betting favourite for the 1979 Melbourne Cup, he suffered a broken pelvis during the race and had to be euthanized.

In 2014, he was inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame.

Australian Racing Hall of Fame
The Australian Racing Hall of Fame is part of the Australian Racing Museum which documents and honours the horseracing legends of Australia. The museum officially opened in 1981 and created the Hall of Fame in 2000.

The numbers in brackets after each name indicates the year of induction into the Hall of Fame.
Women in Syria
Women in Syria are active participants in social, economic and political factions of Syrian society. They constitute 49.9% of Syria's population. According to World Bank data from 2021, there are around 10.6 million women in Syria. However, Syrian women and girls still experience challenges, especially since the outbreak of the civil war in 2011. They suffer from discrimination, lack of access to suitable healthcare and challenges precipitated by wartime violence.

Najah al-Attar
Najah al-Attar (Arabic: نجاح العطار; born 10 January 1933) is a Syrian politician who served as the vice president of Syria from 2006 to 2024. She was the first Arab woman to have held the post. Previously, she was the Minister of Culture from 1976 to 2000.
1977 Philta International
The 1977 Philta International was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor clay courts in Manila, Philippines. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 14 November through 20 November 1977. The tournament was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and categorized as Two Star. Karl Meiler won the singles title and the $13,135 first prize money after first-seeded Manuel Orantes had to default due to a sprained ankle.

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.