hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
LE postcode area
The LE postcode area, also known as the Leicester postcode area, is a group of 21 postcode districts in central England, within 12 post towns. These cover most of Leicestershire (including Leicester, Loughborough, Hinckley, Melton Mowbray, Coalville, Market Harborough, Ashby de la Zouch, Lutterworth, Wigston, Markfield and Ibstock) and most of Rutland (including Oakham), plus small parts of south Nottinghamshire and north Northamptonshire, and very small parts of Derbyshire and Warwickshire.

Lutterworth
Lutterworth is an historic market town and civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire, England. The town is located in southern Leicestershire, close to the borders with Warwickshire and Northamptonshire. It is located 6.5 miles (10.5 kilometres) north of Rugby and 12 miles (19 kilometres) south of Leicester. At the 2021 UK census, Lutterworth had a population of 10,833.
1862 Oregon gubernatorial election
The 1862 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on June 2, 1862, to elect the governor of the U.S. state of Oregon. The election matched National Union Addison Crandall Gibbs against Democratic former member of the Territorial Legislature John F. Miller. Gibbs defeated Miller in a landslide.

A. C. Gibbs
Addison Crandall Gibbs (July 9, 1825 – December 29, 1886) was an American politician. He was the second Governor of Oregon from 1862 until 1866, and previously served in the Oregon Territory's legislative body and later the state legislature.
Remnants of launchpads in Germany
In Germany, military test rockets were launched in Peenemünde (including Greifswalder Oie) and Cuxhaven, and larger non-military rockets were launched in Hespenbusch, Cuxhaven and Zingst.
In World War II, A4-rockets were also launched as weapons from several western areas of Germany.  Several launchpads were also constructed for the Bachem Ba 349 (also known as Natter), developed in 1944/45.

Peenemünde
Peenemünde (German pronunciation: [peːnəˈmʏndə] ⓘ, lit. 'Peene [River] Mouth') is a municipality on the Baltic Sea island of Usedom in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in north-eastern Germany. It is part of the Amt (collective municipality) of Usedom-Nord. The community is known for the Peenemünde Army Research Center, where the world's first functional large-scale liquid-propellant rocket, the V-2, was developed.
Lakhta-Olgino Municipal Okrug
60°1′16″N 30°6′15″E﻿ / ﻿60.02111°N 30.10417°E﻿ / 60.02111; 30.10417

Lakhta-Olgino Municipal Okrug (Russian: муниципа́льный о́круг Ла́хта-О́льгино) is a municipal okrug of Primorsky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, comprising that city's historical areas of Lakhta and Olgino. It is located just north of the Gulf of Finland. Population: 3,903 (2010 census); 2,901 (2002 census).

Administrative divisions of Saint Petersburg
The federal city of Saint Petersburg, Russia, is divided into eighteen rayony ("districts", Russian: районы, singular: rayon), which are in turn subdivided into municipal okrugs, municipal towns, and municipal settlements.
Serruria aemula
Serruria aemula is a critically endangered species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae, endemic to South Africa. It is known by the common name of strawberry spiderhead.

This plant used to occur in large numbers on the Cape Flats of Cape Town. Its natural habitat now lies under urban sprawl so only a few plants survive on patches of road-side. Several of its subspecies are now in fact extinct in the wild, surviving only in botanical gardens. Mostly it grows up to 0.5m in height.

Cape Flats
The Cape Flats (Afrikaans: Die Kaapse Vlakte) is an expansive, low-lying, flat area situated to the southeast of the central business district of Cape Town. The Cape Flats is also the name of an administrative region of the City of Cape Town, which lies within the larger geographical area.
Paramadina University
Paramadina University (Indonesian: Universitas Paramadina) is an Islamic university in Indonesia. It was established by Nurcholish Madjid in 1998. Paramadina University has three campuses on Java: Cipayung, Kuningan, and Cikarang. It has a particular emphasis on science and technology. In 2008 it introduced a mandatory anti-corruption course for all students.

Islamic university
The term "Islamic university" (Arabic: الجامعة الإسلامية, Jami'ah Islamiyah), sometimes called madrasah jāmiʿah (Arabic: مدرسة جامعة), can be used to describe educational institutions that are based on Islamic system of education as well as institutions that focus on teaching Islam as a main curriculum. The word "madrasah" can refer to an Islamic educational institution of any level, while the word jāmiʿah simply means "university."

However, there are various institutions which include "Islamic University" in their name while being not necessarily geared towards the teaching of Islam (much like how a Catholic university generally does not teach Catholicism).
Hudsonia montana
Hudsonia montana is a rare species of flowering plant in the rock-rose family known by the common name mountain goldenheather. It is endemic to North Carolina, where it is present in only two counties. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.

This is a small shrub forming low bushes up to 30 or 40 centimeters tall. The spreading stems are covered in green, needle-like leaves and the plant blooms in bright yellow flowers in June and July.

The plant is known from Burke and McDowell Counties in North Carolina. There are seven populations.

This species is sometimes considered a subspecies of Hudsonia ericoides.

The Latin specific epithet montana refers to mountains or coming from mountains.

Burke County, North Carolina
Burke County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is part of the state's western mountain region, containing sections of the Blue Ridge Mountains including the Linville Gorge and South Mountains. As of the 2020 census, its population was 87,570. Its county seat is Morganton. Burke County is part of the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Cupaniopsis dallachyi
Cupaniopsis dallachyi is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry family and is endemic to north-east Queensland. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with 4 to 14 elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets with domatia along the midrib, separate male and female flowers arranged in panicles, the fruit a brown capsule containing a reddish-brown seed with a brown aril.

Sapindaceae
The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1,858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee.

The Sapindaceae occur in temperate to tropical regions, many in laurel forest habitat, throughout the world. Many are laticiferous, i.e. they contain latex, a milky sap, and many contain mildly toxic saponins with soap-like qualities in either the foliage and/or the seeds, or roots. The largest genera are Serjania, Paullinia, Allophylus and Acer.
University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff
The University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB) is a public historically black university in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Founded in 1873, it is the second oldest public college or university in Arkansas. It was one of about 180 "normal schools" established by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools.  UAPB is part of the University of Arkansas System and Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Thurgood Marshall College Fund
The Thurgood Marshall College Fund (TMCF) is a non-profit organization that supports and represents nearly 300,000 students attending its 55 member-schools that include public historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), medical schools, and law schools. The organization is named after the Supreme Court's first African-American Justice, Thurgood Marshall.
Somewhere in the Stratosphere
Somewhere in the Stratosphere is a two-CD/two-DVD package released by the American rock band Shinedown. It contains two full recordings of the "Live from Washington State" performance from the Carnival of Madness tour, and the Kansas City performance from the Anything and Everything Acoustic tour. The two DVDs contain the same tracks as the CDs. The album debuted at No. 83 on the U.S. Billboard 200. The album title is derived from a lyric in the song "Second Chance".

Second Chance (Shinedown song)
"Second Chance" is a song by the American rock band Shinedown and the second single from their 2008 album, The Sound of Madness. It was released on September 9, 2008, and has become Shinedown's highest-charting single.
Fayette City, Pennsylvania
Fayette City is a borough in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 502 at the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 596 tabulated in 2010. It is served by the Belle Vernon Area School District. Some buildings in the town antedate 1820.

Herbert Vargo Jr. is the current mayor. His term ends in 2025. He was first elected to the office in 1993.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
Msalato
Msalato is an administrative ward in the Dodoma Urban district of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 7,301 people in the ward, from 6,718 in 2012.

Dodoma Region
Dodoma Region (Mkoa wa Dodoma in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The regional capital is the city of Dodoma, which is also the capital of Tanzania. Dodoma region is located in central Tanzania, bordered by Singida region to the west, Manyara region to the north, Iringa region to the south, and Morogoro region to the east. Dodoma hosts the National Assembly of Tanzania or Bunge. Dodoma region also hosts one of the largest universities in Tanzania, the University of Dodoma. The region is the home of the Tanzanian wine industry, which is the second largest wine industry on the continent after South Africa. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 3,085,625; in the 2012 national census, the population was 2,083,588.
Heanton Satchville, Petrockstowe
Heanton Satchville was a historic manor in the parish of Petrockstowe, North Devon, England. With origins in the Domesday manor of Hantone, it was first recorded as belonging to the Yeo family in the mid-14th century and was then owned successively by the Rolle, Walpole and Trefusis families. The mansion house was destroyed by fire in 1795. In 1812 Lord Clinton purchased the manor and mansion of nearby Huish, renamed it Heanton Satchville, and made it his seat. The nearly-forgotten house was featured in the 2005 edition of Rosemary Lauder's "Vanished Houses of North Devon". A farmhouse now occupies the former stable block with a large tractor shed where the house once stood. The political power-base of the Rolle family of Heanton Satchville was the pocket borough seat of Callington in Cornwall, acquired in 1601 when Robert Rolle (died 1633)  purchased the manor of Callington.

Rosemary Lauder
Rosemary Anne Lauder (living in 2015), of North Devon, England, is a historian of the county of Devon. She started her writing career in the 1980s as a journalist contributing articles on the subject of gardening, in which she retains a strong interest. She received an MA in Garden History from the University of Bristol. She is a long-standing member of the Devon Gardens Trust, in which organisation she plays an active role. She is author and publisher of many books and booklets on the topics of walking in North Devon, the topography of Exmoor and North Devon, and the history of the region. She lived for five years in a former gardener's cottage rented from the Tapeley Park estate in the parish of Westleigh, North Devon. Her historical works concentrate especially on the landed gentry of Devonshire and their mansions and estates, most notably Vanished Houses (1981 and 1997) and Devon Families (2002). Several of her works have been published by Devon's Heritage.
Krasnoshchyokovo
Krasnoshchyokovo (Russian: Краснощёково) is the name of two rural localities in Russia:

Krasnoshchyokovo, Altai Krai, a selo in Krasnoshchyokovsky District of Altai Krai

Krasnoshchyokovo, Orenburg Oblast, a settlement in Kuvandyksky District of Orenburg Oblast

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
C. Herbert Oliver
Reverend Claude Herbert Oliver (February 28, 1925 – November 30, 2021) was an American pastor and civil rights activist who was the secretary of the Birmingham Inter-Citizens Committee from 1960 to 1965.

An ordained Orthodox Presbyterian Church minister, Oliver was a graduate of Wheaton College in Illinois and Westminster Theological Seminary.

After seminary Oliver spent about seven years as pastor of the Bethel Orthodox Presbyterian Church in northern Maine. In 1960, he returned to Birmingham and participated in the Birmingham campaign.

Orthodox Presbyterian Church
The Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC) is a confessional Presbyterian denomination located primarily in the United States, with additional congregations in Canada, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico. It was founded by conservative members of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA), who objected to the rise of Liberal and Modernist theology in the 1930s. The OPC is considered to have had an influence on evangelicalism far beyond its size.
Third Shekhawat ministry
Third Bhairon Singh Shekhawat ministry represents the formation of the cabinet of the Indian state Rajasthan under the leadership of Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, who has been elected the eighth Chief Minister of Rajasthan. The Bharatiya Janata Party and Janata Dal secured an coalition government in the 1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election winning 95 and 6 respectively out of the 199 seats in the state assembly.

Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
The Rajasthan Legislative Assembly (ISO: Rājāsthān Vidhān Sabhā), is the unicameral legislature of the state of Rajasthan. It is a vital part of the state government, responsible for making and implementing laws.

The assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan situated in Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan.
Galleri Sudurgata 7
Galleri Sudurgata 7 was a conceptual and experimental art gallery active in Reykjavík, Iceland in the 1970s and 1980s.

The gallery closely collaborated with Fluxus artists including Eric Andersen,  Robert Filliou, Mail artists like Robin Crozier and Endre TÓT and other Conceptual artists such as Dick Higgins, Maurizio Nannucci, Hreinn Fridfinnsson, Dieter Roth, Ruri, Peter Schmidt and Jacek Tylicki.

Dick Higgins
Dick Higgins (15 March 1938 – 25 October 1998) was an American artist, composer, art theorist, poet, publisher, printmaker, and a co-founder of the Fluxus international artistic movement (and community). Inspired by John Cage, Higgins was an early pioneer of electronic correspondence. Higgins coined the word intermedia to describe his artistic activities, defining it in a 1965 essay by the same name, published in the first number of the Something Else Newsletter. His most notable audio contributions include Danger Music scores and the Intermedia concept to describe the ineffable inter-disciplinary activities that became prevalent in the 1960s.
Steyr Valley Railway
The Steyr Valley Railway (German: Steyrtalbahn) was a 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) narrow gauge railway in Upper Austria, which ran along the valley of the River Steyr from Garsten through Steyr, Grünburg and Molln to Klaus, with a branchline to Sierning and Bad Hall. A section of the line has been retained as a museum railway.

Bad Hall
Bad Hall (pronunciationⓘ) is a market town in the Steyr-Land district of the Austrian state of Upper Austria. Its name, Bad Hall, means "salt bath," a reference to its long history of baths and spas. It is renowned for its saline springs, strongly impregnated with iodine and bromine. Although the springs have been known since the 8th century, Hall has been noted for them only since 1855, when the springs became the property of the government.

Due to the saline springs tourism is well developed in Bad Hall. There are also some industrial companies (e.g. AGRU Kunststofftechnik) as well as oil exploration around Bad Hall (e.g. RAG AG).
Mushtak Al-Atabi
Mushtak Al-Atabi is the provost and CEO of Heriot Watt University Malaysia. His research focuses on thermofluids, renewable energy, biomechanical engineering, and engineering education. He is an Honorary Chair at the School of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Birmingham (UK) and the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Engineering Science & Technology. He has published three books, Think Like an Engineer, Shoot the Boss, and Driving Performance. He has numerous research publications, and has received various awards and honours. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (FIMechE) and a member of the executive committee of the Global Engineering Deans Council.

Al-Atabi helped to develop the CDIO Initiative (Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate) and delivered the first MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) in Malaysia.

CDIO Initiative
CDIO are trademarked initials for Conceive Design Implement Operate. The CDIO Initiative is an educational framework that stresses engineering fundamentals set in the context of conceiving, designing, implementing and operating real-world systems and products. Throughout the world, CDIO Initiative collaborators have adopted CDIO as the framework of their curricular planning and outcome-based assessment. The CDIO approach uses active learning tools, such as group projects and problem-based learning, to better equip engineering students with technical knowledge as well as communication and professional skills. Additionally, the CDIO Initiative provides resources for instructors of member universities to improve their teaching abilities.
Glauconome (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Glauconome (Ancient Greek: Γλαυκονόμη, romanized: Glaukonomê, lit. 'the dweller in the green sea') was the "fond of laughter" Nereid, sea-nymph daughter of the 'Old Man of the Sea' Nereus and the Oceanid Doris.

Oceanids
In Greek mythology, the Oceanids or Oceanides (/oʊˈsiːənɪdz, ˈoʊʃənɪdz/ oh-SEE-ə-nidz, OH-shə-nidz; Ancient Greek: Ὠκεανίδες, romanized: Ōkeanídes, sg. Ὠκεανίς, Ōkeanís) are the nymphs who were the three thousand (a number interpreted as meaning "innumerable") daughters of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys.
Graph property
In graph theory, a graph property or graph invariant is a property of graphs that depends only on the abstract structure, not on graph representations such as particular labellings or drawings of the graph.

Fractional coloring
Fractional coloring is a topic in a branch of graph theory known as fractional graph theory. It is a generalization of ordinary graph coloring. In a traditional graph coloring, each vertex in a graph is assigned some color, and adjacent vertices — those connected by edges — must be assigned different colors. In a fractional coloring however, a set of colors is assigned to each vertex of a graph. The requirement about adjacent vertices still holds, so if two vertices are joined by an edge, they must have no colors in common.

Fractional graph coloring can be viewed as the linear programming relaxation of traditional graph coloring. Indeed, fractional coloring problems are much more amenable to a linear programming approach than traditional coloring problems.
USS Portland
Three ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Portland, named in honor of the cities of Portland, Maine, and Portland, Oregon.

USS Portland (CA-33) was a Portland-class heavy cruiser, launched in 1932 and struck in 1959

USS Portland (LSD-37) was an Anchorage-class dock landing ship, launched in 1969 and struck in 2004

USS Portland (LPD-27) is a San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock launched 13 February 2016

Anchorage-class dock landing ship
The Anchorage-class dock landing ships were a series of five dock landing ships (LSD) constructed and commissioned by the United States Navy between 1965 and 1972.  US Navy decommissioned all five of them by 2003. They are succeeded by Whidbey Island-class LSDs and Harpers Ferry-class LSDs.
Peduncle (botany)
In botany, a peduncle is a stalk supporting an inflorescence or a solitary flower, or, after fertilisation, an infructescence or a solitary fruit. The peduncle sometimes has bracts (a type of cataphyll) at nodes. The main axis of an inflorescence above the peduncle is the rachis, which hosts flowers (as opposed to directly on the peduncle).

When a peduncle arises from the ground level, either from a compressed aerial stem or from a subterranean stem (rhizome, tuber, bulb, corm), with few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle, it is referred to as a scape.

The acorns of the pedunculate oak are borne on a long peduncle, hence the name of the tree.

Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring. While processes such as insemination or pollination, which happen before the fusion of gametes, are also sometimes informally referred to as fertilisation, these are technically separate processes. The cycle of fertilisation and development of new individuals is called sexual reproduction. During double fertilisation in angiosperms, the haploid male gamete combines with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus by the process of vegetative fertilisation.
Commins (surname)
Commins is an Irish surname, derived from Irish Gaelic: Ó Comáin.

Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Commins (1829–1916), Irish lawyer and politician

David Commins (born 1954), American historian

Eugene D. Commins (1932–2005), American physicist

John Commins (disambiguation), several people

Kathleen Commins (1909–2003), Australian journalist

Kevin Commins (1928–1995), South African cricketer

Lanna Commins (born 1983), Thai singer

Murray Commins (born 1997), South African cricketer

Stuart Commins (born 1988), South African rugby player

Eugene D. Commins
Eugene David Commins (July 1, 1932 – September 26, 2015) was an American physicist and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1987. He was also a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Physical Society, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Shambhunath Temple
Shambhunath Temple (Nepali language:शम्भुनाथ मन्दिर) is a Hindu temple in Eastern Nepal. The primary deity is Shiva. It is 500 m (0.31 mi) south of the East West Highway section of Shambhunath, Saptari, and draws Nepal and Indian pilgrims, especially in the first month of the Nepali Calendar, Baishakh when a month-long mela is observed.

Mahendra Highway
Mahendra Highway or NH01 (previously: H01) (Nepali: महेन्द्र राजमार्ग), also called East-West Highway (Nepali: पूर्व पश्चिम राजमार्ग), runs across the Terai geographical region of Nepal, from Mechinagar in the east to Bhim Datta in the west, cutting across the entire width of the country. It is the longest highway in Nepal and was constructed in cooperation with various countries. The highway is named after King Mahendra Shah.