hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flat-file database
A flat-file database is a tabular flat file in which each record is semantically independent – can meaningfully be interpreted and manipulated independent of other records of the table. The term flat loosely refers to data that is record-based and sequential yet lacks more complicated aspects such as nesting, relationships and metadata (with the exception of column headers). Relationships can be inferred from the data, but the format does not provide special accommodations for relationships.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
2024 VTV International Women's Volleyball Cup
The 2024 VTV Cup was the 18th edition of the VTV International Women's Volleyball Cup organized by the Volleyball Federation of Vietnam (VFV), and sponsored by Vietnam Television (VTV).

The tournament was held on Ninh Bình and played from 24 August to 31 August. This was also the second time this tournament applied the Video Challenge Eyes after 2023 edition.

Russia's Korabelka won the first title after defeating host Vietnam in the final. Korea Expressway Corporation Hi-Pass from South Korea defeated Kuanysh from Kazakhstan in the 3rd place match and took the bronze medal. Elizaveta Nesterova was named as the MVP of the tournament.

Volleyball Federation of Vietnam
The Volleyball Federation of Vietnam (VFV; Vietnamese: Liên đoàn Bóng chuyền Việt Nam) is the national governing body for volleyball in Vietnam. It was founded in 1961, and has been a member of FIVB since 1991. It is also a member of the Asian Volleyball Confederation. The VFV is responsible for organizing the Vietnam men's national volleyball team and Vietnam women's national volleyball team.
Doctor Dolittle's Caravan
Doctor Dolittle's Caravan is a novel written by Hugh Lofting and published in 1926 by Frederick A. Stokes. It deals with the titular character's bird opera, centering on a female green canary named Pippinella. It is one of many books Hugh Lofting authored about Doctor John Dolittle.

Hugh Lofting
Hugh John Lofting (14 January 1886 – 26 September 1947) was an English-American writer, trained as a civil engineer, who created the classic children's literature character Doctor Dolittle. The fictional physician talking to animals, based in an English village, first appeared in illustrated letters to his children which Lofting sent from British Army trenches in the First World War. Lofting settled in the United States soon after the war and before his first book was published.
Ghana Medical Association
The Ghana Medical Association (GMA) represents physicians, surgeons and dentists working throughout Ghana. It was established in 1958 and is divided into ten divisions representing each region of Ghana as at the end of 2018.

Dentist
A dentist, also known as a dental doctor, dental physician, dental surgeon, is a health care professional who specializes in dentistry, the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services. The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and sometimes dental therapists.
Cerro Agassiz
Cerro Agassiz is a mountain in the Andes, located on the border between Argentina and Chile, in the Patagonia region. It stands at an elevation of 3,177 meters.

On the Argentine side, the mountain is part of Los Glaciares National Park in Santa Cruz Province. On the Chilean side, it is part of Bernardo O'Higgins National Park in the Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region.

In 1898, the expert Francisco Moreno identified the mountain as Agassiz according to a study conducted by glaciologist Cedomir Marangunic, which takes as reference a photo of the mountain in Moreno's book called "Argentine-Chilean Border - Volume II". In some maps, the current Cerro Tomek (2940 meters in Lliboutry's map), or Roma (3270 meters in Lliboutry's map) or Agassiz Sur as Agassiz.

Alberto María de Agostini thought that the mountain was Cerro Bertrand; however, according to Marangunic, the historic Cerro Bertrand is Cerro Oasis/Agassiz Sur.

Alberto Maria de Agostini
Father Alberto Maria de Agostini (2 November 1883 – 25 December 1960) born in Pollone, Piedmont was an Italian missionary of the Salesians of Don Bosco order as well as a passionate mountaineer, explorer, geographer, ethnographer, photographer and cinematographer.
Richal Leitoe
Richal Leitoe (born 19 April 1983 in Willemstad, Curaçao, in the former Netherlands Antilles) is a football player who plays for HFC EDO Zaterdag.

He played for two seasons at FC Utrecht before joining FC Den Bosch in 2005. He returned to amateur football in 2007.

He was call-up to national team for 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification in March 2008.

FC Den Bosch
FC Den Bosch (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛfˈseː dɛmˈbɔs]) is a professional football club from 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. They currently compete in the Eerste Divisie.

They were founded 18 August 1965, as FC Den Bosch/BVV. They are the successor of BVV (1906) and Wilhelmina (1890). Their stadium is called 'De Vliert', an 6,500 all-seater. Ruud van Nistelrooy started his professional career at this club. In 2005 they finished bottom of the Eredivisie and were relegated and currently compete in the Eerste Divisie.
Rashaya
Rashaya, Rachaya, Rashaiya, Rashayya or Rachaiya (Arabic: راشيا), also known as Rashaya al-Wadi or Rachaya el-Wadi (and variations), is a town of the Rashaya District in the western portion of the Beqaa Governorate of Lebanon. It is situated at around 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) above sea level on the western slopes of Mount Hermon, south east of Beirut near the Syrian border, and approximately halfway between Jezzine and Damascus.

Rachaya is known for the Rashaya Citadel where Bshara El Khoury was jailed in 1943. Since then, the town has become a symbol of independence.

Jezzine
Jezzine (Arabic: جزين Jizzīn) is a municipality in Lebanon, located 22 km (14 mi) from Sidon and 40 km (25 mi) south of Beirut. It is the capital of Jezzine District.  Surrounded by mountain peaks, pine forests (like the Bkassine Pine Forest), and at an average altitude of 950 m (3,117 ft), it is the main summer resort and tourist destination of South Lebanon. The town is also known in Lebanon for the shrine of Our Lady of the Waterfall.
Starcevich
Starcevich is a Croatian surname. It is patronymic from the words starac, meaning ″old man″ or ″elder.″ Notable people with this surname include:

Brandon Starcevich (born 1999), Australian rules footballer

Craig Starcevich (born 1967), Australian rules footballer

Max Starcevich (1911–1990), American football guard

Tom Starcevich (1918–1989), Victoria Cross recipient

Brandon Starcevich
Brandon Starcevich (born 24 July 1999) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League (AFL). Starcevich is the nephew of Brisbane AFL Women's coach Craig Starcevich.
RMVB
RealMedia Variable Bitrate (RMVB) is a variable bitrate extension of the RealMedia multimedia digital container format developed by RealNetworks.
As opposed to the more common RealMedia container, which holds streaming media encoded at a constant bitrate (CBR), RMVB is typically used for multimedia content stored locally. Files using this format have the file extension ".rmvb".

Variable bitrate
Variable bitrate (VBR) is a term used in telecommunications and computing that relates to the bitrate used in sound or video encoding.  As opposed to constant bitrate (CBR), VBR files vary the amount of output data per time segment.  VBR allows a higher bitrate (and therefore more storage space) to be allocated to the more complex segments of media files while less space is allocated to less complex segments.  The average of these rates can be calculated to produce an average bitrate for the file.

MP3, WMA and AAC audio files can optionally be encoded in VBR, while Opus and Vorbis are encoded in VBR by default. Variable bit rate encoding is also commonly used on MPEG-2 video, MPEG-4 Part 2 video (Xvid, DivX, etc.), MPEG-4 Part 10/H.264 video, Theora, Dirac and other video compression formats. Additionally, variable rate encoding is inherent in lossless compression schemes such as FLAC and Apple Lossless.
Oppsal Håndball
Oppsal Håndball is the women's handball team of the Norwegian multi-sports club Oppsal IF based in Oslo, Norway. After 10 consecutive seasons on the highest level in Norway, the team faced relegation after the 2021–22 season. The following season the team ended 3rd in 1. divisjon, which gave access to play-off matches against the 12th ranked team in REMA 1000-ligaen. This was possible due to restructuring of the series system. Oppsal won the best of three series against Volda Handball, and gained promotion to REMA 1000-ligaen.

Volda Handball
Volda Handball (also known as Volda Handballklubb) is a handball club from Volda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. The women's team currently compete in Eliteserien, the top division since its promotion in 2022. Volda is the first ever team from Sunnmøre to qualify for the top division.
Vitus (magister militum)
Vitus was a Western Roman general appointed to the position of magister utriusque militiae and sent to recover Spain from Rechila's Suebi in 446. He led a combined Romano-Visigothic army into Carthaginiensis and Baetica, but his force was routed when it met the Suebi in battle.

Hispania Baetica
Hispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces created in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) in 27 BC. Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania, and to the northeast by Tarraconensis. Baetica remained one of the basic divisions of Hispania under the Visigoths. Its territory approximately corresponds to modern Andalusia.
Phyllonorycter mirbeckifoliae
Phyllonorycter mirbeckifoliae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Tunisia.

The larvae feed on Quercus mirbeckii. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine is found on the underside of the leaf.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
William Fullerton (diplomat)
William Hugh Fullerton CMG (born 11 February 1939) is a British retired diplomat

Fullerton studied Oriental Languages at Queens' College, Cambridge. He worked for Shell International Petroleum in Uganda from 1963 to 1965, leaving to join the Foreign Office. He attended a course at MECAS (1965-1966) and then served as Information Officer in Jedda (1966-1967).

After spells in Jamaica and Turkey Fullerton was Consul-General in Islamabad (1981-1983); Ambassador to Somalia (1983-1987); Governor of the Falkland Islands (1988-1992); and finally British Ambassador to Kuwait (1992-1996).

Jedda
Jedda, released in the UK as Jedda the Uncivilised, is a 1955 Australian film written, produced and directed by Charles Chauvel. His last film, it is notable for being the first to star two Aboriginal actors, Robert Tudawali and Ngarla Kunoth (later known as Rosalie Kunoth-Monks) in the leading roles. It was also the first Australian feature film to be shot in colour.

Jedda is often seen as an influential film in the development of Australian cinema and setting a new standard for future Australian films. It won more international attention than previous Australian films during a time when Hollywood films were dominating Australian cinema. Chauvel was nominated for the Golden Palm Award at the 1955 Cannes Film Festival but lost to Delbert Mann for Marty.
Sisebut (bishop)
Sisebut (died 840) was bishop of Urgell from 823 until his death.

Little is known of his episcopate. In 833 he consecrated the church of the castle of Lillet, and in 834 the monastery of Alaó. He made a will in 839, in which he made important legacies of books to Urgell Cathedral and the monasteries of Codines, Sant Andreu de Tresponts, Santa Maria de Gerri, Sant Serni de Tavèrnoles, Alaó, and  Santa Grata de Senterada and Taverna.

He supposedly signed the Act of Consecration and Endowment of Urgell Cathedral in the presence of Count Sunifred I of Urgell, in which there appears for the first time a reference to Andorra: the document mentions the six Andorran parishes as dependent on that diocese, but has been identified as an 11th-century forgery.

He increased the patrimony of the diocese with purchases, the last of which is recorded in 840.

Senterada
Senterada (Catalan pronunciation: [senteˈɾaða]) is a village in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality includes a small exclave to the north. It has a population of 158 (register office, 2024) .
Mike Gonzalez (historian)
Mike Gonzalez (born 1943) is a British historian and literary critic who was Professor of Latin American Studies in the Hispanics Department of the University of Glasgow.

He has written widely on Latin America, especially Cuba and the Cuban Revolution of 1959. He characterizes Cuba as a state-capitalist economy rather than socialist.

A long-time member of the British Socialist Workers Party, he testified in Tommy Sheridan's defence at the Sheridan defamation trial and HM Advocate v Sheridan and Sheridan. Gonzalez is also a member of Solidarity – Scotland's Socialist Movement, the party Sheridan formed after the split in the Scottish Socialist Party.

Dr Francis King (University of East Anglia) wrote: Mike Gonzalez "allows his own (trotskisant) sympathies to intrude too obtrusively into his analysis."

Scottish Socialist Party
The Scottish Socialist Party (SSP) is a left-wing political party campaigning for the establishment of an independent socialist Scottish republic.

The party was founded in 1998. It campaigns for Scottish independence, against cuts to public services and welfare and for democratic public ownership of the economy. The SSP was one of three parties in Yes Scotland, the official cross-party campaign for Scottish independence in the 2014 referendum, with national co-spokesperson Colin Fox sitting on its advisory board.

The party operates through a local branch structure and publishes Scotland's longest-running socialist newspaper, the Scottish Socialist Voice. At the height of its electoral success in 2003, the party had six Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) and two councillors, but since 2017 it has had no councillors or MSPs.
Josa Lee
Joseph "Josa" Lee (1911 - 18 December 1967) was an Irish hurler who played as a midfielder for the Cork senior team.

Born in Blackpool, Lee arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty when he first linked up with the Cork minor team before later joining the senior side. He joined the senior panel during the 1932 championship. Lee later became a semi-regular member of the starting fifteen, however, he ended his playing days without silverware.

At club level Lee was a six-time championship medallist with Glen Rovers.

Throughout his career Lee made one championship appearance. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1936 championship.

1936 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1936 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 50th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 26 April 1936 and ended on 6 September 1936.

Kilkenny entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Limerick in the All-Ireland final on a score line of 5–6 to 1–5 victory.
Bronsart von Schellendorff
Bronsart von Schellendorff or Bronsart von Schellendorf is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fritz Bronsart von Schellendorf (1864–1942), German officer and politician

Hans Bronsart von Schellendorff (1830–1913), classical musician and composer who studied under Franz Liszt

Heinrich-Walter Bronsart von Schellendorff (1906–1944), highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II

Huberta Bronsart von Schellendorff (1892–1978), German biologist and astronomer

Ingeborg Bronsart von Schellendorf, (born 1840), Swedish-German composer

Paul Bronsart von Schellendorff (1832–1891), Prussian general and writer

Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff (1833–1914), Prussian Minister of War

Huberta von Bronsart
Harriet Helene Veronika Xenia Huberta Bronsart von Schellendorff (9 October 1892 – 18 July 1978) was a German biologist and botanist. She was also the first woman in Germany to study astronomy and helped establish the public observatory in Stuttgart.
Digimon All-Star Rumble
Digimon All-Star Rumble is a fighting video game developed by Prope and published by Bandai Namco Games for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 video game consoles. The game is part of the Digimon franchise and features characters from across its several iterations. It was released in November 2014 in North America, Europe and Australia.

Bandai Namco Entertainment
Bandai Namco Entertainment Inc. is a Japanese multinational video game publisher, and the video game branch of the wider Bandai Namco Holdings group. Founded in 2006 as Namco Bandai Games Inc., it is the successor to Namco's home and arcade video game business, as well as Bandai's former equivalent division. Development operations were spun off into a new company in 2012, Namco Bandai Studios, now called Bandai Namco Studios.

Bandai Namco Entertainment owns several multi-million video game franchises, including Pac-Man,  Tekken, Soulcalibur, Tales, Ace Combat, Taiko no Tatsujin, The Idolmaster, Ridge Racer, Dark Souls, .hack and Little Nightmares. Pac-Man himself serves as the official mascot of the company. The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises, such as Shonen Jump, Gundam, Kamen Rider, Super Sentai, Sword Art Online, and the Ultra Series.
George Pearce (New Zealand politician)
George Vater Pearce (1863 – 2 June 1935) was a New Zealand politician of the Reform Party.

He represented the Patea electorate in Parliament from 1908 to 1919, when he was defeated. In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.

He was born in Devon in 1863, and emigrated to New Zealand in 1875 or 1878. He was a farmer and a noted breeder of Leicester and Lincoln sheep. He was chairman of the Patea County Council for 13 years. He was a rugby player and mile runner. He died in Waitotara near Wanganui.

He was the great-grandfather of a National Party Minister of Finance, Ruth Richardson.

Reform Party (New Zealand)
The Reform Party, formally the New Zealand Political Reform League, was New Zealand's second major political party, having been founded as a conservative response to the original Liberal Party. It was in government between 1912 and 1928, and later formed a coalition with the United Party (a remnant of the Liberals), and then merged with United to form the modern National Party.
Citrazinic acid
Citrazinic acid (CZA) is a heterocyclic compound consisting of a dihydropyridine ring derived with a carboxylate group. The yellow solid exists as multiple tautomers, and it frequently forms dimers.

Citrazinic acid is commonly formed in citric acid based carbon nanodots (CND). It is responsible for the blue light found in citric acid CNDs. The wavelengths of light emitted by citrazinic in CNDs can be shifted by changing the pH of the solution.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
Owen Anderson
Owen Anderson was an American tennis player of the 1930s and 1940s.

A collegiate tennis player for the UCLA Bruins, Anderson joined the university from Hollywood High School and was the 1937 Eastern Intercollegiate Champion, beating Gardnar Mulloy in the final. In 1938, his best year on tour, he won the Irish Championships over defending title holder George Lyttleton Rogers and beat local favourite Henner Henkel to win the Wiesbaden Championships. He reached the round of 16 at the 1938 French Championships and pushed Franjo Punčec (seeded fifth) to five sets in the third round of the 1938 Wimbledon Championships.

Anderson was married to British tennis player Rita Jarvis from 1940 to 1953.

Hollywood High School
Hollywood High School is a four-year public secondary school in the Los Angeles Unified School District, located at the intersection of North Highland Avenue and West Sunset Boulevard in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California.
Anders Fjellner
Anders Fjellner (18 September 1795 – 22 February 1876) was a Sámi priest and poet known for his epic poem "Päiven Pārne'" ("Sons of the Sun") and his contributions to 19th Century ethnographic studies of Sámi people.

Sorsele
Sorsele (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsɔ̌ʂːɛlɛ] ⓘ; Southern Sami: Suarsa; Ume Sami: Suorssá) is a locality and the seat of Sorsele Municipality in Västerbotten County, province of Lapland, Sweden with 1,277 inhabitants in 2010. Sorsele is also the nearest town to the ski resort Nalovardo. It is known for containing a portion of the Vindelfjällen Nature Reserve, one of the largest nature reserves in Sweden.

Mercedes-Benz operate winter driving events on a series of Hermann Tilke-designed snow/ice courses in the area.
Mount Miller (Enderby Land)
Mount Miller (66°57′S 51°16′E﻿ / ﻿66.950°S 51.267°E﻿ / -66.950; 51.267) is a mountain 1 nautical mile (2 km) northwest of Pythagoras Peak, in the Tula Mountains of Enderby Land, Antarctica. It was plotted from air photos taken from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions aircraft in 1956, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for J.J. Miller, a member of the crew of the RRS Discovery during the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition of 1929–31.

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE /ænˈɑːri/ ann-AR-ee) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD).
Alexandre Birman
Alexandre Birman (born October 1, 1976) is a Brazilian footwear designer and founder of his self-titled couture brand, "Alexandre Birman". He is known for his trademark use of exotic skins such snakeskin, crocodile, lizard and ostrich.
In November 2009, Alexandre Birman was awarded the Vivian Infantino Emerging Talent Award by industry publication Footwear News.

Alexandre Birman collaborated with designer Prabal Gurung for the debut of his fall collection during the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week 2010.

His shoes were mentioned in the Gossip Girl episode "The Grandfather: Part II".

Mercedes-Benz Fashion
Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week is a series of international fashion weeks sponsored by Mercedes-Benz, a brand of Daimler AG. Designers featured during Mercedes-Benz Fashion Weeks include notable designers such as Rosenthal Tee, Mary Katrantzou and David Koma.