hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Florence Goodenough
Florence Laura Goodenough (August 6, 1886 – April 4, 1959) was an American psychologist and professor at the University of Minnesota who studied child intelligence and various problems in the field of child development. She was president of the Society for Research in Child Development from 1946 to 1947. She is best known for publishing the book Measurement Of Intelligence By Drawings, where she introduced the Goodenough Draw-A-Man test (now the Draw-A-Person Test) to assess intelligence in young children through nonverbal measurement. She is noted for developing the Minnesota Preschool Scale. In 1931, she published two books, titled Experimental Child Study (with John E. Anderson) and Anger in Young Children, which analyzed the methods used in evaluating children. She wrote the Handbook of Child Psychology in 1933, becoming the first known psychologist to critique ratio IQ.

Society for Research in Child Development
The Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) is a professional society for the field of human development, focusing specifically on child development.  It is a multidisciplinary, not-for-profit, professional association with a membership of approximately 5,500 researchers, practitioners, and human development professionals from over 50 countries.  The purposes of the society are to promote multidisciplinary research in the field of human development, to foster the exchange of information among scientists and other professionals of various disciplines, and to encourage applications of research findings.
Fransa-Pax FC
Fransa-Pax Football Club was an Indian professional  football club based in Nagoa, Goa. The club is best known for folding halfway through the 2005–06 Indian National Football League after its then owner Mickky Pacheco accused the All India Football Federation of trying to relegate the club. The club also competed in the Goa Professional League.

Nagoa
Nagoa is a village in Salcette, Goa, adjacent to the village of Verna. It is located approximately 11 km north of the South Goa district headquarters Margão, 17 km south-east of Vasco da Gama and 22 km south-east of the state capital Panjim.
Oklahoma State Highway 24
State Highway 24 (SH-24) is a highway maintained by the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It runs for 21.1 miles (34.0 km) through central Oklahoma, almost entirely within McClain County. It is signed north–south and has no lettered spur routes.

SH-24 was designated in 1936, and originally extended southward into Garvin County to an intersection with SH-19 between Maysville and Lindsay. By 1950, its southern terminus had been moved to its current location, while a new bridge near Washington caused a realignment of the highway in the early 1990s.

Garvin County, Oklahoma
Garvin County is a county in south-central Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,656. Its county seat is Pauls Valley. In 1906, delegates to the Constitution Convention formed Garvin County from part of the Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory. The county was named after Samuel J. Garvin, a local Chickasaw rancher, merchant, and banker. Its economy is largely based on farming, ranching and oil production.
A Diamond in the Mind: Live 2011
A Diamond in the Mind: Live 2011 is a concert film and live album by the English pop rock band Duran Duran. It was filmed at the Manchester Arena in Manchester, England on 16 December 2011 during the All You Need Is Now tour and released on 2 July 2012 on Blu-ray, DVD and CD and on handcrafted limited edition double LP vinyl of 2000 copies released through the Vinyl Factory.

Manchester Arena
Manchester Arena (currently known as AO Arena for sponsorship reasons) is an indoor arena in Manchester, England, immediately north of the city centre and partly above Manchester Victoria railway station in air rights space. With a capacity of 21,000 it is the second largest indoor arena in the UK after Co-op Live and fifth largest in Europe.

The arena is one of the world's busiest indoor arenas, hosting music and sporting events such as boxing and swimming. The arena was a key part of Manchester's bids to host the Olympic Games in 1996 and 2000 and was eventually used for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.

On 22 May 2017, the arena's foyer was the scene of a terrorist attack carried out by a suicide bomber, in which 22 people were killed and over 500 others injured following an Ariana Grande concert.
2005 Quick-Step–Innergetic season
The 2005 season for Quick-Step–Innergetic began in January at the Tour Down Under.

Three riders announced their retirements from cycling in 2004. Johan Museeuw made 2004 his last year of professional racing after riding for the team for 2003, 2004 and with the team's predecessor Mapei–Quick-Step for 6 years. Richard Virenque seven-time winner of the Mountains classification in the Tour de France also retired, he won the last two of his seven victories at Quick-Step. Laurent Dufaux Two-time winner of the Critérium du Dauphiné also retired at the end of 2004 after one year with the team.

Soudal Quick-Step
Soudal–Quick-Step (UCI team code: SOQ) is a Belgian UCI WorldTeam cycling team led by team manager Jurgen Foré. The directeurs sportifs are Davide Bramati, Iljo Keisse, Klaas Lodewyck, Wilfried Peeters, Tom Steels, Geert Van Bondt, Dries Devenyns and Kevin Hulsmans.

The team is nicknamed 'The Wolfpack' and has used the term in its branding since 2017.
Teresa Stadlober
Teresa Stadlober (born 1 February 1993) is an Austrian cross-country skier. She first competed at the Winter Olympics in 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in skiathlon and women's classical. She won individual Olympic medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics, in the 15 km skiathlon event.

She is the daughter of former cross-country skier Alois Stadlober and former alpine skier Roswitha Steiner, and younger sister of cross-country skier Luis Stadlober.

She placed sixth in the 50 km classical race at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's 15 kilometre skiathlon
The women's 15 kilometre skiathlon cross-country skiing competition at the 2014 Sochi Olympics took place at 14:00 (MSK) on 8 February 2014 at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex.

The defending champion was Marit Bjørgen from Norway, who also became the 2014 Olympic champion. The 2010 silver medalist Anna Haag did not participate, and the 2010 bronze medalist, Justyna Kowalczyk, finished sixth. Charlotte Kalla from Sweden became the silver medalist, and Heidi Weng from Norway took bronze.

A large group of skiers kept together at the classical part of the course, but in the free skiing part soon a group of five skiers took the lead. The group included Bjørgen, Kalla, Weng, Therese Johaug, and Aino-Kaisa Saarinen. Shortly before the finish, Kalla escaped but was overtaken by Bjørgen at the finish line.
Şahdağ
Şahdağ (until 2004, Shahdagh and Shurakend) is a village and municipality in the Gadabay District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,200.  The municipality consists of the villages of Shahdagh and Arabachy.

Gadabay District
Gadabay District (Azerbaijani: Gədəbəy rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Dashkasan, Shamkir, Tovuz, and the Gegharkunik and Tavush provinces of Armenia. The Artsvashen exclave of Armenia is surrounded by the Gadabay District and is de facto controlled by Azerbaijan, administrated as part of Goranboy District. Its capital and largest city is Gadabay. As of 2020, the district had a population of 109,900.
1981–82 Cheshire County Football League
The 1981–82 Cheshire County Football League was the 58th and last in the history of the Cheshire County League, a football competition in England, most clubs are transferred
to the newly formed North West Counties Football League. Teams were divided into two divisions.

North West Counties Football League
The North West Counties Football League is a football league in the North West of England. Since 2019–20, the league has covered the Isle of Man, Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside, Cumbria, northern Staffordshire, northern Shropshire, the far west of West Yorkshire, and the High Peak area of Derbyshire. In the past, the league has also hosted clubs from North Wales such as Caernarfon Town, Colwyn Bay, and Rhyl. From season 2018–19 the league increased to three divisions: the Premier Division, at level nine (Step 5 in the NLS) in the English football league system, and two geographically separate Division Ones, North and South, at level ten (Step 6 in the NLS). The league is a member of the Joint Liaison Council which administers the Northern arm of the National Football System in England.
Ariel Rios Federal Building
The Ariel Rios Federal Building, situated in the NoMa neighborhood of Washington, DC, is the headquarters of the United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) at 99 New York Avenue, NE. The building was completed in 2008, and in 2016 was named after Ariel Rios, an ATF undercover special agent who was killed in action in 1982.

An earlier bill was introduced in Congress proposing the building be named after Eliot Ness.

The name was previously used for the ATF's old headquarters at 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, which now houses the United States Environmental Protection Agency headquarters and has been renamed the William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building.

Pennsylvania Avenue
Pennsylvania Avenue is a primarily diagonal street in Washington, D.C., that connects the United States Capitol with the White House and then crosses northwest Washington, D.C., to Georgetown. Traveling through southeast Washington from the Capitol, it enters Prince George's County, Maryland, and becomes MD Route 4 (MD 4) and then MD 717 in Upper Marlboro, and finally Stephanie Roper Highway.

The section of the avenue between the White House, which is sometimes referred to by its address "1600 Pennsylvania Avenue", and the Capitol forms the basis for the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site and is sometimes referred to as "America's Main Street"; it is the location of official parades and processions, and periodic protest marches. Pennsylvania Avenue is an important commuter road and is part of the National Highway System.
Guadacorte
Guadacorte is a village and district of the Spanish municipality of Los Barrios in the Province of Cádiz, Spain, between Gibraltar and Algeciras. It is located eight kilometers east of the main town of the municipality and had a population of 1,113 inhabitants in 2009.

This town is located on the right bank of the Guadarranque River, which separates the towns of San Roque and Los Barrios. Taraguilla lies to the north across the river, and Los Cortijillos is just to the south. There is a nineteenth-century chapel and a park and wetland with a lake of the same name, which has a permanent population of ducks and cisnes.

San Roque, Spain
San Roque is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Cádiz, which in turn is part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is also part of the comarca of Campo de Gibraltar. Located in the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula, San Roque is a short way inland of the north side of the Bay of Gibraltar, to the north of the Gibraltar peninsula. The municipality has a total surface of 145 km2 with a population of approximately 25,500 people, as of 2005.

The foundation of San Roque as a city owes to the creation of a sort of Gibraltar-in-exile by refugees fleeing from the Rock in the wake of its seizure by Anglo-Dutch forces in 1704.

In addition of the main nucleus of San Roque, the municipality also includes settlements such as Puente Mayorga, Guadarranque, Sotogrande, Campamento, or Guadiaro.
Singapore Press Holdings
Singapore Press Holdings Limited (SPH) was one of Singapore's two state media companies, which published The Straits Times, numerous other newspapers and operated radio, television and digital media.

In 2021, the media division was spun off as SPH Media, leaving behind the property and aged care businesses. Since its takeover by Cuscaden Peak in 2022, it has been renamed Cuscaden Peak Investments.

At its peak, SPH had over 4,000 employees. Its team of approximately 1,000 journalists included correspondents operating around the world. 2,500 of the staff, including the journalists and its media business were subsequently transferred to SPH Media.

The company was one of the country's "blue-chip" counters on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited (SGX) until its delisting on 13 May 2022 following its acquisition by Cuscaden Peak. It was also a constituent of the Straits Times Index until its removal on 22 June 2020.

Correspondent
A correspondent or on-the-scene reporter is usually a journalist or commentator for a magazine, or an agent who contributes reports to a newspaper, or radio or television news, or another type of company, from a remote, often distant, location. A foreign correspondent is stationed in a foreign country. The term "correspondent" refers to the original practice of filing news reports via postal letter. The largest networks of correspondents belong to ARD (Germany) and BBC (UK).
Wapiti Group
The Wapiti Group is a stratigraphic unit of Cretaceous age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. It has formation status in Alberta and group status in British Columbia.

It takes the name from the Wapiti River, and was first described along the banks of the lower Wapiti River and Smoky River in the Grande Prairie area by George Mercer Dawson in 1881.

Stratigraphic unit
A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

Units must be mappable and distinct from one another, but the contact need not be particularly distinct. For instance, a unit may be defined by terms such as "when the sandstone component exceeds 75%".
Dictyonema huaorani
Dictyonema huaorani is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is one of few known non-mushroom fungi found to produce psilocybin, although this remains insufficiently confirmed. The fungus was first described in 2014.

Hygrophoraceae
The Hygrophoraceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Originally conceived as containing white-spored, thick-gilled agarics (gilled mushrooms), including Hygrophorus and Hygrocybe species (the waxcaps or waxy caps), DNA evidence has extended the limits of the family, so it now contains not only agarics, but also basidiolichens and corticioid fungi. Species are thus diverse and are variously ectomycorrhizal, lichenized, associated with mosses, or saprotrophic. The family contains 34 genera and over 1000 species. None is of any great economic importance, though fruit bodies of some Hygrocybe and Hygrophorus species are considered edible and may be collected for sale in local markets.
Bad Man's Bluff
Bad Man's Bluff is a lost 1926 American silent Western film directed by Alan James and starring Jay Wilsey, Molly Malone and Frank Whitson. It was the last film to be distributed under the Associated Exhibitors banner following its merger with Pathe Exchange. Future star Gary Cooper appeared as an extra.

Alan James
Alan James (March 23, 1890 – December 30, 1952) was an American film director and screenwriter.

He was born in Port Townsend, Washington, as Alan J. Neitz.

He directed more than 70 films between 1916 and 1943. He also wrote for more than 60 films between 1916 and 1951. Many of those films were Westerns.

He died in Hollywood, California.
Flint (G.I. Joe)
Flint is a fictional character from the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero series. He was originally created as a character for the Sunbow G.I. Joe animated series in 1984, and later introduced into the comic book and produced as an action figure in 1985. He is portrayed by D.J. Cotrona in the 2013 film G.I. Joe: Retaliation.

G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero
G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (also known as Action Force in Finland, Sweden and the UK) is a military-themed line of action figures and toys in Hasbro's G.I. Joe franchise. The toyline lasted from 1982 to 1994, producing well over 500 figures and 250 vehicles and playsets. The line reappeared in 1997 and has continued in one form or another to the present day. It was supported by two animated series as well as a major comic series published by Marvel Comics.

The toyline continues to play a large part in Hasbro's G.I. Joe franchise.
Besiekierz Nawojowy
Besiekierz Nawojowy [bɛˈɕɛkʲɛʂ navɔˈjɔvɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) north of Zgierz and 19 km (12 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Zgierz County
Zgierz County (Polish: powiat zgierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zgierz, which lies 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains four other towns: Ozorków, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Zgierz, Aleksandrów Łódzki, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zgierz, Głowno, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and Stryków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Zgierz.

The county covers an area of 853.71 square kilometres (329.6 sq mi). As of 2016, its total population is 165,206, out of which the population of Zgierz is 56,929, that of Ozorków is 19,809, that of Aleksandrów Łódzki is 21,380, that of Głowno is 14,534, that of Stryków is 3,477, and the rural population is 49,077.
May 2004 Democratic Party of Japan leadership election
The May 2004 Democratic Party of Japan leadership election was held on 18 May 2004. The election was held to replace outgoing president Naoto Kan, who resigned following reports that he had failed to pay public pension premiums while serving as health minister in 1996.

Ichirō Ozawa initially announced his candidacy and was expected to be unopposed, but withdrew the day before nominations after revealing that he had also failed to pay pension premiums. Katsuya Okada, who had supported Ozawa, nominated instead and was elected unopposed.

Katsuya Okada
Katsuya Okada (岡田 克也, Okada Katsuya; born 14 July 1953) is a Japanese politician who was Deputy Prime Minister of Japan from January to December 2012. A member of the House of Representatives of Japan, he was the President of the Democratic Party, and previously of the Democratic Party of Japan. He also served as Secretary-General of the DPJ three times. During the DPJ's period in government he was Foreign Minister of Japan.

In 2016, he remained as leader when the Democratic Party of Japan merged with the Japan Innovation Party to become the Democratic Party.
Surcoat
A surcoat or surcote is an outer garment that was commonly worn by soldiers in the Middle Ages. It was worn over armor to show insignia and help identify what side the soldier was on. On the battlefield, the surcoat helped keep the sun off the soldier and their armor, reducing the risk of heat illness. The name derives from French, meaning "over the coat", a long, loose, often sleeveless coat reaching down to the feet.

Heat illness
Heat illness is a spectrum of disorders due to increased body temperature. It can be caused by either environmental conditions or by exertion. It includes minor conditions such as heat cramps, heat syncope, and heat exhaustion as well as the more severe condition known as heat stroke. It can affect any or all anatomical systems. Heat illnesses include: heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, heat edema, heat cramps, heat rash, heat tetany.

Prevention includes avoiding medications that can increase the risk of heat illness, gradual adjustment to heat, and sufficient fluids and electrolytes.
Yuba Raj Khatiwada
Yuba Raj Khatiwada (Nepali: युवराज खतिवडा; born 14 August 1956) is a former Nepali politician and economist who has served as the Ambassador of Nepal to the United States since 17 February 2021. As the residential ambassador of Nepal to the US, he was also the non-residential ambassador to Panama, Costa Rica, Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala and was entitled to look after the affairs related to the World Bank, IMF, and the World Bank Group (IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA and ICSID). He was a member of the National Assembly from 2018 to 2020 and was a minister in the cabinet of KP Sharma Oli from February 2018 to September 2020. He previously served as the governor of the Nepal Rastra Bank, as well as the vice-chair of the National Planning Commission.

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID; French: Centre international pour le règlement des différends relatifs aux investissements or CIRDI) is an international arbitration institution established in 1966 for legal dispute resolution and conciliation between international investors and States. ICSID is part of and funded by the World Bank Group, headquartered in Washington, D.C., in the United States. It is an autonomous, multilateral specialized institution to encourage international flow of investment and mitigate non-commercial risks by a treaty drafted by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development's executive directors and signed by member countries. As of May 2016, 153 contracting member states agreed to enforce and uphold arbitral awards in accordance with the ICSID Convention.

The centre performs advisory activities and maintains several publications.
Duffing equation
The Duffing equation (or Duffing oscillator), named after Georg Duffing (1861–1944), is a non-linear second-order differential equation used to model certain damped and driven oscillators. The equation is given by

where the (unknown) function  is the displacement at time t,  is the first derivative of  with respect to time, i.e. velocity, and  is the second time-derivative of  i.e. acceleration. The numbers     and  are given constants.

The equation describes the motion of a damped oscillator with a more complex potential than in simple harmonic motion (which corresponds to the case ); in physical terms, it models, for example, an elastic pendulum whose spring's stiffness does not exactly obey Hooke's law.

The Duffing equation is an example of a dynamical system that exhibits chaotic behavior. Moreover, the Duffing system presents in the frequency response the jump resonance phenomenon that is a sort of frequency hysteresis behaviour.

Homotopy analysis method
The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is a semi-analytical technique to solve nonlinear ordinary/partial differential equations.  The homotopy analysis method employs the concept of the homotopy from topology to generate a convergent series solution for nonlinear systems.  This is enabled by utilizing a homotopy-Maclaurin series to deal with the nonlinearities in the system.

The HAM was first devised in 1992 by Liao Shijun of Shanghai Jiaotong University in his PhD dissertation and further modified in 1997 to introduce a non-zero auxiliary parameter, referred to as the convergence-control parameter, c0, to construct a homotopy on a differential system in general form.  The convergence-control parameter is a non-physical variable that provides a simple way to verify and enforce convergence of a solution series.  The capability of the HAM to naturally show convergence of the series solution is unusual in analytical and semi-analytic approaches to nonlinear partial differential equations.