hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trial of the Sixteen (1880)
The Trial of the Sixteen ("Процесс 16-ти" in Russian) was a trial of sixteen members of the Narodnaya Volya in Russian Empire on October 25–30 (November 6–11), 1880.

The trial took place at a district military court in St.Petersburg. Members of the Executive Committee of Narodnaya Volya - Aaron Zundelevich, Aleksandr Kvyatkovsky and Stepan Shiryaev - were the principal defendants. Nikolai Bukh, S.A.Ivanova, Andrei Presnyakov and others were also on trial. All of the defendants were accused of being associated with Narodnaya Volya. Kvyatkovsky was also accused of planning two assassination attempts on the tsar, on April 2, 1879 and February 5, 1880. Shiryaev was also accused of planning to murder the tsar on November 19, 1879. Later on, it turned out that I.F.Okladsky was agent provocateur. As a result, Kvyatkovsky and Presnyakov were sentenced to death; four other people to eternal katorga; six others to 4 to 20 years of katorga; and the remaining four to Siberian exile.

Defendant
In court proceedings, a defendant is a person or object who is the party either accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.

Terminology varies from one jurisdiction to another. In Scots law, the terms "accused" or "panel" are used instead in criminal proceedings and "defender" in civil proceedings. Another term in use is "respondent".
Ted Bates (footballer)
Edric Thornton Bates MBE (3 May 1918 – 28 November 2003) was an English professional footballer who played as a forward. He spent the majority of his career at Southampton F.C. as a player, manager, director and president which earned him the sobriquet "Mr. Southampton".

Bates was the son of Eddie Bates, who played cricket for Yorkshire and Glamorgan and football for Bolton Wanderers and Leeds United. He was the grandson of Billy Bates who was one of the finest all-rounders for England in the early years of international cricket.

Billy Bates
Willie Bates (19 November 1855 – 8 January 1900), known as Billy Bates, was an English cricketer. Skilled with both bat and ball, Bates scored over 10,000 first-class runs, took more than 870 wickets and was always reliable in the field. A snappy dresser, Bates was also known as "The Duke".
Kamakã languages
The Kamakã languages are a small family of extinct Macro-Jê languages of Bahía, northeastern Brazil. The attested Kamakã languages are:

(northern) Kamakã (dialects: Mongoyó/Mangaló), Kotoxó, Menién

(southern) Masakará

De Contas River
The De Contas River (Portuguese: Rio de Contas) is a river of Bahia state in eastern Brazil. In Portuguese, it is sometimes erroneously called "Rio das Contas". It is the main river of the hydrographic basin named after him.

Its source is in Tromba Mountain, between the municipalities of Piatã and Rio de Contas,( 13°16'48 S - 41°47'02 O ) passing through the cities of Abíra, Jussiape, Dom Basílio, Tanhaçu, Jequié (where the Pedras Dam was erected), Jitaúna, Ipiaú, Itagibá, Barra do Rocha, Ubatã, Ubaitaba and Aurelino Leal, to finally to its mouth in the Atlantic Ocean in Itacaré.
Fresh Cream
Fresh Cream is the debut studio album by the British rock band Cream, consisting of bassist Jack Bruce, guitarist Eric Clapton and drummer Ginger Baker. A mix of blues covers and originals, the album was a pivotal release in the history of blues rock, inspiring many further bands in the genre, as well as being instrumental in the development of jam rock and, later, heavy metal music. In 2012, Rolling Stone ranked it at number 102 in their list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

Robert Stigwood
Robert Colin Stigwood (16 April 1934 – 4 January 2016) was an Australian music entrepreneur, film producer, and impresario, long based in the United Kingdom. He was best known for managing musicians such as Cream, Andy Gibb, and the Bee Gees; theatrical productions such as Hair and Jesus Christ Superstar; and film productions, including Grease and Saturday Night Fever.

One journalist referred to him as "one of the entertainment industry’s most powerful tycoons," and Playbill called him as "omnipresent in the 1960s and 1970s, with stakes in some of the biggest going concerns in music, theatre and film."
Oxford Arson Squad
Oxford Arson Squad (or Oxford Arson Group) is a militant animal rights organization, which emerged in the United Kingdom in 2005 after claiming the firebombing of the Corpus Christi College Sports Pavilion at Oxford University. The university denounced these acts of direct action stating that "the intimidating nature of this message is totally unacceptable".

Incendiary device
Incendiary weapons, incendiary devices, incendiary munitions, or incendiary bombs are weapons designed to start fires. They may destroy structures or sensitive equipment using fire, and sometimes operate as anti-personnel weaponry. Incendiaries utilize materials such as napalm, thermite, magnesium powder, chlorine trifluoride, or white phosphorus. Though colloquially often called "bombs", they are not explosives but in fact operate to slow the process of chemical reactions and use ignition rather than detonation to start or maintain the reaction. Napalm, for example, is petroleum especially thickened with certain chemicals into a gel to slow, but not stop, combustion, releasing energy over a longer time than an explosive device. In the case of napalm, the gel adheres to surfaces and resists suppression.
George Nairn-Briggs
Christianity portal

George Peter Nairn-Briggs (born  5 July 1945) was a Provost then the Dean of Wakefield.

He was born on 5 July 1945 and educated at  Slough Technical High School  and began his working life in local authority housing after which he was a press officer for MAFF. From 1966 he began to study for the priesthood, firstly at King's College London and then at St Augustine's College, Canterbury. He held curacies at St Laurence, Catford and then St Saviour, Raynes Park. After this he was Vicar of Christ the King, Salfords and then St Peter, St Helier (Bishop Andrewes) in Morden. He was the Bishop of Wakefield’s Advisor for Social Responsibility between  1987 and 1997,  and a Canon Residentiary at Wakefield Cathedral from 1992. He was then promoted to lead the staff at the Cathedral Church of All Saints, his job title (if not his role) changing in 2000.

He is also the author of several books.

Salfords
Salfords /ˈsælfʊdz/ SAL-fudz) is a village in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey, England. It lies approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Redhill on the A23 London to Brighton road. The village is within the civil parish of Salfords and Sidlow which covers a population of 3,069, and has a parish council.
1994 Davis Cup World Group
The World Group was the highest level of Davis Cup competition in 1994. The first-round losers went into the Davis Cup World Group qualifying round, and the winners progressed to the quarterfinals and were guaranteed a World Group spot for 1995.

Germany were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semifinals.

Sweden won the title, defeating Russia in the final, 4–1. The final was held at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia, from 2 to 4 December. It was the Swedish team's 5th Davis Cup title overall.

Sweden Davis Cup team
The Sweden Davis Cup team represents Sweden in Davis Cup tennis competition and is governed by the Swedish Tennis Association, known in Swedish as Svenska Tennisförbundet .

Sweden is the fifth most successful nation in Davis Cup history, having won the title 7 times, including 6 titles since the creation of the World Group in 1981. Since the abolition of the Challenge Round, Sweden holds the record for most consecutive years in the final  with seven years from 1983 to 1989 and have defended the title on two occasions in 1984–85 and 1997–98, a feat only also accomplished by the United States Davis Cup team.
Bahçıvanova railway station
Bahçıvanova railway station (Turkish: Bahçıvanova istasyonu) is a station near Kırcasalih, Turkey. The station is located along the D.550, about 2.1 km (1.3 mi) northeast of Kırcasalih. TCDD Taşımacılık operates a daily regional train from Istanbul to Kapıkule, which stops at Bahçıvanova. The station consists of a short side platform servicing one track.

The station was opened in 1971 by the Turkish State Railways.

State road D.550 (Turkey)
D.550 is a north-to-south state road in Turkey. It runs mostly along the west coast of Turkey. It starts at Edirne and ends in Muğla. The first 226 kilometres (140 mi) of the road are in the European part of Turkey. Between Eceabat and Çanakkale, it passes over the Strait of Çanakkale (popularly known as Dardanelles) by ferryboat. The rest of the road is in the Asiatic (so called Anatolia) portion of Turkey. Being a north to east road it crosses the major west to east roads in Turkey like D.200 in Çanakkale and D.400 in İzmir. It shares the same itinerary with D.100 between Edirne and Havsa at the north and the same itinerary with D.400 between Yatağan and Muğla at the south.
2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre individual medley
The men's 200 metre individual medley competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 28–29 at the Yokohama International Swimming Pool.  The last champion was Tom Wilkens of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, one each in backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle swimming.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
Valtellina Casera
Valtellina Casera (Lombard: Casera de la Valtolina) is a cheese made from semi-skimmed cows' milk in the northern Italian province of Sondrio. Its origins date back to the sixteenth century and it is much used in the cuisine of the Valtellina valley: particularly in dishes based on buckwheat flour such as pizzoccheri and sciatt (toad(s) in Lombard language).

It has had protected designation of origin (PDO) status under European Union law since 1996; its production is managed by the Consorzio Tutela Formaggi Valtellina Casera e Bitto and certification is regulated by CSQA of Thiene.

Protected designation of origin
The protected designation of origin (PDO) is a type of geographical indication of the European Union aimed at preserving the designations of origin of food-related products. The designation was created in 1992 and its main purpose is to designate products that have been produced, processed and developed in a specific geographical area, using the recognized know-how of local producers and ingredients from the region concerned.
Waljeers, Waljeers
Waljeers is a Civil parish of Waljeers County  in the Riverina area of Far West, New South Wales.

The parish is between Hay, New South Wales and Booligal in Balranald Shire located at 34°03′10″S 144°36′27″E.
The name Waljeers is derived from a local Aboriginal word of the Muthi Muthi tribe.
The main feature of the parish is Waljeers lake, and  area is semi arid. The economy is based in broad acre agriculture.

Muthi Muthi
The Muthi Muthi people are an indigenous Australian people whose traditional lands are located in the Northern Riverina and Far West regions of New South Wales.

The Muthi Muthi are the traditional owners of Nimmie Caira and the Lowbidgee and share custodial rights for Lake Mungo, Mungo Man and Mungo Lady with the neighbouring Paakantji and Ngiyampaa groups.
Robert Pānapa Tūtaki
Robert Pānapa Tūtaki MBE (c.1887 – 27 September 1957), also known as Tutaki Panapa Stewart and Robert Tutaki Panapa, was a New Zealand  shearer and trade unionist.

Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngāti Kahungunu iwi. He was born in Ruahapia, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand, in about 1887. He stood for the Labour Party in the 1928 election in the Eastern Maori electorate against Āpirana Ngata and came third, with 3.6% of the vote.

In the 1949 King's Birthday Honours, Tutaki was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for services in connection with the organisation of Māori shearers during World War II.

Hawke's Bay
Hawke's Bay (Māori: Te Matau-a-Māui) is a region on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. The region is named after Hawke Bay, which was named in honour of Edward Hawke. The region's main centres are the cities of Napier and Hastings, while the more rural parts of the region are served by the towns of Waipukurau, Waipawa, and Wairoa.
Kintai Bridge
The Kintai Bridge (錦帯橋, Kintai-kyō) is a historical wooden arch bridge in the city of Iwakuni in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

The pedestrian bridge was built in 1673, spanning the Nishiki River in a series of five wooden arches. The bridge is located on the foot of Mt. Yokoyama, at the top of which lies Iwakuni Castle.

Kikkou Park, which includes the bridge and castle, is a popular tourist destination in Japan, particularly during the Cherry blossom festival in the spring and the autumn color change of the Japanese maples. It was declared a National Treasure in 1922.

Acer palmatum
Acer palmatum, commonly known as Japanese maple, palmate maple, or smooth Japanese maple (Korean: danpungnamu [단풍나무]; Japanese: irohamomiji [イロハモミジ] or momiji [紅葉]), is a species of woody plant native to Korea, Japan, China, eastern Mongolia, and southeast Russia. Many different cultivars of this maple have been selected and they are grown worldwide for their large variety of attractive forms, leaf shapes, and spectacular colors.
January 1860 Suburbs of Auckland by-election
The January 1860 Suburbs of Auckland by-election was a New Zealand by-election held in the Suburbs of Auckland electorate following the resignation of Walter Brodie. He was replaced by Theophilus Heale unopposed.

The Suburbs of Auckland electorate was one of the original 24 electorates used for the 1st New Zealand Parliament in 1853 and existed until the end of the term of the 2nd New Zealand Parliament in 1860. It was a two-member electorate.

Brodie resigned on 6 December 1859 and was replaced on 25 January by Heale.

1st New Zealand Parliament
The 1st New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. It opened on 24 May 1854, following New Zealand's first general election (held the previous year). It was dissolved on 15 September 1855 in preparation for that year's election.  There were 37 Members of the House of Representatives (MHRs) representing 24 electorates.
Land of Happiness
Land of Happiness (Korean: 행복의 나라) is a 2024 South Korean legal drama film directed by Choo Chang-min, starring Jo Jung-suk, Lee Sun-kyun (in his final film role), and Yoo Jae-myung. The film is inspired by the real-life figure Tae Yoon-ki, who served as the defense attorney for Army colonel Park Heung-ju in the aftermath of the assassination of Park Chung Hee. It was released theatrically on August 14, 2024.

Yoo Jae-myung
Yoo Jae-myung (Korean: 유재명; born June 3, 1973) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles in the series Reply 1988 (2015), Stranger (2017), Life (2018), Itaewon Class (2020) and Voice of Silence (2020). He won Best Supporting Actor at the 6th APAN Star Awards.
Battle of Averasborough
The Battle of Averasborough fought March 16, 1865, in Harnett and Cumberland counties, North Carolina, as part of the Carolinas campaign of the American Civil War, was a prelude to the climactic Battle of Bentonville, which began three days later.

Cumberland County, North Carolina
Cumberland County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 334,728, making it the fifth-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Fayetteville. Cumberland County is part of the Fayetteville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Phoenix, Louisiana
Phoenix is an unincorporated community in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States.

Phoenix is located on the east bank of the Mississippi River on Louisiana Highway 39, on the opposite side of the River from Myrtle Grove. It is the closest town to Fort De La Boulaye Site, a National Historic Landmark.

Fort De La Boulaye Site
Fort De La Boulaye Site, also known as Fort Mississippi, is the site of a fort built by the French in south Louisiana in 1699–1700, to support their claim of the Mississippi River and valley. Native Americans forced the French to vacate the fort by 1707.

The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960, as part of the history of French colonization of the area. The state of Louisiana had earlier erected an historical marker, with the following text: FORT de la BOULAYE  First white settlement in present-day Louisiana, erected by Bienville in 1699 on this spot (then the bank of the Mississippi), prevented Britain's seizure of the Mississippi Valley.
George Wenyeve
Sir George Wenyeve (c.1627 – 26 May 1706) was an English Tory politician.

Wenyeve was the eldest son of Edward Wenyeve and Anne Plumsted. He was educated at King Edward VI School, Bury St Edmunds and Trinity College, Cambridge.

He was appointed as a justice of the peace for Suffolk in 1662 and was knighted on 8 May 1663. He became a Deputy Lieutenant for the county in 1685. The same year, Wenyeve was elected as a Member of Parliament for Sudbury as a Tory. In Parliament, he was nominated to ten committees, including those set up to consider expiring laws, wool and corn prices, the prevention of clandestine marriages, the improvement of tillage, and the encouragement of shipbuilding. He opposed James II's policy of repealing the Test Acts and penal laws, and was removed from local office in the summer of 1688. He did not stand for re-election in 1689 and he refused to sign the Association of 1696. Wenyeve died in 1706.

Penal law (British)
In English history, the penal laws were a series of laws that sought to enforce the State-decreed religious monopoly of the Church of England and, following the 1688 revolution, of Presbyterianism in Scotland, against the continued existence of illegal and underground communities of Catholics, nonjuring Anglicans, and Protestant nonconformists. The Penal laws also imposed various forfeitures, civil penalties, and civil disabilities upon recusants from mandatory attendance at weekly Sunday services of the Established Church. The penal laws in general were repealed in the early 19th-century due to the successful activism of Daniel O'Connell for Catholic Emancipation. Penal actions are civil in nature and were not English common law.
Bibliography of roller derby
This annotated bibliography is intended to list both notable and not so notable works of English language, non-fiction and fiction related to the sport of roller derby listed by topic and format, and then year.  Although 100% of any book listed is not necessarily devoted to roller derby, all these titles have significant roller skating and roller derby content. Included in this bibliography is a list of classic texts, roller derby history texts and roller derby local league created materials devoted to roller derby.

The Morning Bulletin
The Morning Bulletin is an online newspaper servicing the city of Rockhampton and the surrounding areas of Central Queensland, Australia.

From 1861 to 2020, The Morning Bulletin was published as a print edition, before then becoming an exclusively online newspaper.

The final print edition was published on 27 June 2020.
Neopeckia
Neopeckia is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis).

The genus name of Neopeckia is in honour of Charles Horton Peck (1833–1917), who was an American mycologist. He has described over 2,700 species of North American fungi.

The genus was circumscribed by Pier Andrea Saccardo in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club vol.10 on page 127 in 1883.

Pier Andrea Saccardo
Pier Andrea Saccardo (23 April 1845 in Treviso, Treviso – 12 February 1920 in Padua) was an Italian botanist and mycologist. His multi-volume Sylloge Fungorum was one of the first attempts to produce a comprehensive list of identified fungi, using their spore-bearing structures for classification. He was elected to the Linnean Society in 1916 as a foreign member. He also authored a color classification system that he called Chromotaxia and contributed to the Italian translation of Charles Darwin's Insectivorous Plants.
Halle Pratt
Halle Pratt (born 6 October 1999) is a Canadian synchronized swimmer, joining the national team in 2017. Pratt won a gold medal in the team artistic swimming category at the 2019 Pan American Games. She placed sixth in the team competition at the 2016 FINA World Junior Synchronised Swimming Championships. Pratt was a training member of Canada's national team in the lead-up to the delayed 2020 Summer Olympics which were postponed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Her brother is Cole Pratt who competes on Canada's competitive swimming team in the backstroke and medley events.

World Aquatics Artistic Swimming Junior Championships
The World Aquatics Junior Artistic  Swimming Championships is an international, synchronized swimming event organized by World Aquatics held every 2 years. It was first held in 1989, and 2012 saw its thirteenth edition.

The event features competition in five artistic swimming event categories (Solo, Duet, Team, Free Combination, Highlight). Free Combination was added to the program beginning in 2002 and Highlight was added to the program starting in the 2022 edition.

For the editions of the Championships between 1989 and 2016, inclusive, the name of the Championships at the time of competition was FINA World Junior Artistic Swimming Championships, but following a name change of the sport from synchronised swimming to artistic swimming in 2017, which corresponded with a change in performance evaluation criteria, the name of the Championships at the time of competition was changed to FINA World Junior Artistic Swimming Championships for all subsequent editions (2018 and 2022).
2014 Open d'Orléans
The 2014 Open d'Orléans was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Orléans, France between 22 and 28 September 2014.

Thomaz Bellucci
Thomaz Cocchiarali Bellucci (born 30 December 1987, in Tietê) is a Brazilian former professional tennis player. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 21 in July 2010.

Bellucci used a string of ATP Challenger Tour victories early in 2008 to break into the top 100 rankings of the ATP World Tour as a 20-year-old. He has won 4 ATP Tour titles (the 2009 and 2012 Swiss Open, the 2010 Movistar Open and the 2015 Geneva Open), reached the quarterfinals at the 2016 Olympics and reached the semi-finals of the 2011 Madrid Masters.