hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herman Wold
Herman Ole Andreas Wold (25 December 1908 – 16 February 1992) was a Norwegian-born econometrician and statistician who had a long career in Sweden. Wold was known for his work in mathematical economics, in time series analysis, and in econometric statistics.

In mathematical statistics, Wold contributed the Cramér–Wold theorem characterizing the normal distribution and developed the Wold decomposition in time series analysis. In microeconomics, Wold advanced utility theory and the theory of consumer demand. In multivariate statistics, Wold contributed the methods of partial least squares (PLS) and graphical models. Wold's work on causal inference from observational studies was decades ahead of its time, according to Judea Pearl.

Observational study
In fields such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology  and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher because of ethical concerns or logistical constraints. One common observational study is about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator. This is in contrast with experiments, such as randomized controlled trials, where each subject is randomly assigned to a treated group or a control group. Observational studies, for lacking an assignment mechanism, naturally present difficulties for inferential analysis.
Bodi Turner
Bodi Turner (born 18 September 1994) is an Australian male BMX rider, representing his nation at international competition. He competed in the time trial event at the 2015 UCI BMX World Championships.

Turner was banned from competing by ASADA until 3 March 2019 for breaching Whereabouts rules. His Whereabouts violations were two missed tests and a filing failure in the period between November 2016 and August 2017.

Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority
The Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA) was a Federal Government statutory authority tasked to protect Australia's sporting integrity through the elimination of doping.  The authority was part of the Department of Health's portfolio and was established on 13 March 2006 under the Australian Sports Anti‑Doping Authority Act 2006. On 1 July 2020, it became part of Sport Integrity Australia.

The ASADA drug tested Australian athletes who competed at state and national levels. ASADA also tested international athletes if they were competing in events held in Australia. It was also ASADA's role to inform the sporting community of drugs and related safety issues. The ASADA Advisory Group was relied upon by the Chief Executive Officer, David Sharpe, as a consultative forum on matters related to the agency's purpose.
Eileen-Marie Duell Buchanan
Eileen-Marie Duell Buchanan (15 November 1922 – 20 May 2010) was a British author who specialized 
in writing literature belonging to the mystery, suspense, or detective genre. She wrote over forty novels under a number of various pseudonyms, including Clare Curzon, Marie Duell and Rhona Petrie. She studied French and psychology at King's College in London.

Detective
A detective is an investigator, usually a member of a law enforcement agency. They often collect information to solve crimes by talking to witnesses and informants, collecting physical evidence, or searching records in databases. This leads them to arrest criminals and enable them to be convicted in court. A detective may work for the police or privately.
Paul Thiry (architect)
Paul Thiry (1904–1993) was an American architect most active in Washington state, known as the father of architectural modernism in the Pacific Northwest.  Thiry designed "some of the best period buildings around the state of Washington during the 1950, 60s and 70s."

Lelooska Museum
'The Lelooska Foundation and Cultural Center' is a living history museum in Ariel, Washington, highlighting Kwakwaka'wakw and other Indigenous cultures and histories. It is operated by the Lelooska Foundation that was established in 1977.

The museum is a nonprofit organization with nine employees.
History of the Washington Nationals
The Washington Nationals are a Major League Baseball team formed in 1969 as the Montreal Expos. In 2005, the Expos moved to Washington, D.C., and were renamed the Nationals. The franchise won the National League pennant in 2019, and has won its division five times. They won the World Series in 2019 against the Astros in game 7.

Cristian Guzmán
Cristian Antonio Guzmán (born March 21, 1978) is a Dominican former professional baseball shortstop. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Minnesota Twins, Washington Nationals, and Texas Rangers.
Großer Labussee
Großer Labussee is a lake in the Mecklenburg Lake District, in Germany. It is situated in the district of Mecklenburgische Seenplatte of the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Most of the lake is in the municipality Userin, with a small southern part in the municipality Wesenberg.

The lake has an elevation of 57.5 metres (189 ft) and its surface area is 3.3 square kilometres (1.3 sq mi).

The River Havel flows through the Großer Labussee, entering via a channel and lock at Zwenzow from the Useriner See, and exiting via another channel to the Woblitzsee. The Havel is generally navigable downstream of Zwenzow lock, but upstream of the lock powered craft are prohibited. Navigation is administered as part of the Obere Havel-Wasserstraße.

Userin
Userin is a municipality in the district Mecklenburgische Seenplatte, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It belongs to the Seenplatte district of Mecklenburg and is part of the administrative community of Neustrelitz-Land.

The lake Bullowsee is located within the municipality.
Victoria Crittenden
Victoria Lynn (Scritchfield) Crittenden is an American management scientist, academic, and author. She is a Professor of Marketing and Peter M. Black Endowed Faculty Scholar at Babson College.

Crittenden is most known for her studies of strategic marketing, marketing management, marketing & technology, entrepreneurship, & corporate citizenship. She has authored or co-authored over 100 journal publications and has also co-authored three editions of Strategic Marketing Management Cases. She served as Digital and Social Media Marketing and Advertising Collections editor for Business Expert Press. She also served as a co-founding editor of AMS Review from 2008 to 2013.

Crittenden is the editor of the Journal of Marketing Education.

Journal of Marketing Education
The Journal of Marketing Education is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers on marketing education. It is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and committed to ethical practices in publishing. The editor-in-chief is Donald R. Bacon (Boise State University). It was established in 1979 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.
Bunge & Born
Bunge & Born was a multinational corporation based in Buenos Aires, Argentina, whose diverse interests included food processing and international trade in grains and oilseeds. It is now known as Bunge Limited.

Vegetable oil
Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of edible plants. Like animal fats, vegetable fats are mixtures of triglycerides. Soybean oil, canola oil, grapeseed oil, and cocoa butter are examples of seed oils, or fats from seeds. Olive oil, palm oil, and rice bran oil are examples of fats from other parts of plants. In common usage, vegetable oil may refer exclusively to vegetable fats which are liquid at room temperature. Vegetable oils are usually edible and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Actons Corners, Ontario
Actons Corners is a community in the municipality of North Grenville, United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, in eastern Ontario, Canada. An unincorporated place and compact rural community, it is located on County Road 43 (formerly provincial Highway 43) between Kemptville and Merrickville at the intersection with Actons Corners Road (north to the Rideau River) and County Road 25 (south to Oxford Mills).

Except for an historic stone church built in the late 19th century, the North Grenville Archives, and a brickyard, the area consists mainly of farms and homes set in a mixture of farmland and cedar forest.

Addresses in the community are either listed as RR #1, Oxford Mills or RR #5, Kemptville.

United Counties of Leeds and Grenville
The United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, commonly known as Leeds and Grenville, is a county and census division in Ontario, Canada, in the Eastern Ontario subregion of Southern Ontario. It fronts on the St. Lawrence River and the international boundary between Canada and the United States, opposite of the State of New York. The county seat is Brockville. The county was formed by the union of the historical counties of Leeds and Grenville in 1850.
Boxing at the 1982 Asian Games – Men's 60 kg
The men's lightweight (60 kilograms) event at the 1982 Asian Games took place from 26 November to 3 December 1982 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India.

A boxer may win by knockout or by points with 5 judges scoring each round. The boxer with the higher score from a majority of the judges is the winner.

1982 Asian Games
The 9th Asian Games (Hindi: नौवें एशियाई खेल), also known as Delhi 1982 (Hindi: दिल्ली 1982), were held from 19 November to 4 December 1982, in Delhi, India. 74 Asian and Asian Games records were broken at the event. This was also the first Asiad to be held under the aegis of the Olympic Council of Asia. Delhi joined Bangkok as the cities to host multiple editions of the Asian Games up to this point. Later, Jakarta and Doha would enter this group.

A total of 3,411 athletes from 33 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in these games, competing in 196 events in 21 sports and 23 disciplines. The number of participating countries was the highest in Asian Games history. Handball, equestrian, rowing and golf were included for the first time; fencing and bowling were excluded.
Golden Lights Championship
The Golden Lights Championship was a golf tournament on the LPGA Tour from 1975 to 1981. It was played at the All-American Sports City Country club in Pine Plains, New York in 1975, at the Wykagyl Country Club in New Rochelle, New York from 1976 to 1980 and at The Stanwich Club in Greenwich, Connecticut in 1981.

JoAnne Carner
JoAnne Gunderson Carner (born April 4, 1939) is an American professional golfer. Her 43 victories on the LPGA Tour led to her induction in the World Golf Hall of Fame. She is the only woman to have won the U.S. Girls' Junior, U.S. Women's Amateur, and U.S. Women's Open titles, and was the first person to win three different USGA championship events. Tiger Woods is the only man to have won the equivalent three USGA titles. Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, and Carol Semple Thompson have also won three different USGA titles.
Nav1.9
Sodium channel, voltage-gated, type XI, alpha subunit also known as SCN11A or Nav1.9 is a  voltage-gated sodium ion channel protein which is encoded by the SCN11A gene on chromosome 3 in humans. Like Nav1.7 and Nav1.8, Nav1.9 plays a role in pain perception. This channel is largely expressed in small-diameter nociceptors of the dorsal root ganglion and trigeminal ganglion neurons, but is also found in intrinsic myenteric neurons.

Myenteric plexus
The myenteric plexus (or Auerbach's plexus) provides motor innervation to both layers of the muscular layer of the gut, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input (although present ganglion cell bodies belong to parasympathetic innervation, fibers from sympathetic innervation also reach the plexus), whereas the submucous plexus provides secretomotor innervation to the mucosa nearest the lumen of the gut.

Like other enteric neurons, myenteric neurons are derived from the vagal neural crest.  The myenteric plexus is the major nerve supply to the gastrointestinal tract and controls GI tract motility.

According to preclinical studies, 30% of myenteric plexus' neurons are enteric sensory neurons, thus Auerbach's plexus has also a sensory component.
NUSH
In cryptography, NUSH is a block cipher invented by Anatoly Lebedev and Alexey Volchkov for the Russian company LAN Crypto. It was submitted to the NESSIE project, but was not selected.

NUSH exists in several different variants, using keys of 128, 192, or 256 bits, and a block size of 64, 128, or 256 bits. The number of rounds is 9, 17, or 33, depending on the block size. The algorithm uses key whitening, but no S-boxes; the only operations it uses are AND, OR, XOR, modular addition, and bit rotation.

It has been shown that linear cryptanalysis can break NUSH with less effort than a brute force attack.

S-box
In cryptography, an S-box (substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and the ciphertext, thus ensuring Shannon's property of confusion. Mathematically, an S-box is a nonlinear vectorial Boolean function.

In general, an S-box takes some number of input bits, m, and transforms them into some number of output bits, n, where n is not necessarily equal to m.  An m×n S-box can be implemented as a lookup table with 2m words of n bits each. Fixed tables are normally used, as in the Data Encryption Standard (DES), but in some ciphers the tables are generated dynamically from the key (e.g. the Blowfish and the Twofish encryption algorithms).
Notozomus spec
Notozomus spec is a species of schizomid arachnid (commonly known as short-tailed whip-scorpions) in the Hubbardiidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1992 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey. The specific epithet spec refers to the type locality.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Lars-Kristian Eriksen
Lars-Kristian "Lasse" Eriksen (born 28 June 1983) is a Norwegian former footballer who last played for Odd in the Norwegian top division. Eriksen has played 19 games for Norway U21 national football team.

He started his career with Norwegian side Aalesunds FK, but transferred to Lyn in 2002. He came through the Lyn youth system, having attended the Norwegian College of Elite Sport. After the 2008 campaign he left Lyn to join Lillestrøm SK. Autumn 2011 he signed for Odd Grenland, binding him to the club from 1 January 2012.

He is a member of the Christian sports organization Kristen Idrettskontakt (KRIK).

Aalesunds FK
Aalesunds Fotballklubb, commonly known as Aalesund or AaFK, is a Norwegian professional football club from the town of Ålesund, that competes in the Eliteserien, the top tier of the Norwegian football league system. The club was founded on 25 June 1914. As of 2004, the football club had 835 members and several teams on both professional and amateur levels. These teams are the 1st and 2nd teams, junior team, and also several age-specific teams.
Arvibacter
Arvibacter is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Chitinophagaceae with one known species (Arvibacter flaviflagrans). Arvibacter flaviflagrans has been isolated from forest soil from the Kyonggi University in Korea.

Kyonggi University
Kyonggi University (KGU; Korean: 경기대학교) is a private university in South Korea that was established in 1947. Originally established as a school in Seoul, it was eventually expanded and upgraded to a college and then a university. There are two campuses: the main campus in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, and the Seoul campus in Seodaemun District. It  has over 17,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students in the two campuses.

KGU has 11 colleges containing 63 programs of study and 12 graduate schools. Kyonggi University's education and research focuses on Tourism, Hospitality, Arts and Design, Business, International Studies, Environmental Engineering, and Architectural Engineering. KGU teaches some of its courses in English.

KGU has established partnership with 152 universities in 31 countries. KGU has a Korean language program. Over 650 international students study at KGU.
Ambassadorial Scholarships
Ambassadorial Scholarships (founded 1947) was a program of the Rotary Foundation. The program ended in 2013 and was replaced by the Rotary Global Grant Scholarship, which expands on the Ambassadorial mission, by now ensuring that every Rotary Scholar advance Rotary's International mission to " promote service to others, promote integrity, and advance world understanding, goodwill, and peace." .

The purpose of the prestigious Ambassadorial Scholarships program was to further international understanding and friendly relations among people of different countries and geographical areas. The program sponsored several types of scholarships for undergraduate and graduate students. While abroad, scholars served as goodwill ambassadors to the host country and gave presentations about their homelands to Rotary clubs and other groups. Upon returning home, scholars shared with Rotarians and others the experiences that led to a greater understanding of their host country.

High commissioner
High commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.

The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.
A Male
A Male (Spanish: Un varón) is a 2022 drama film written and directed by Fabián Hernández Alvarado in his directorial debut. Starring Felipe Ramírez Espitia. It is about a teenager who will have to face the ferocity of his neighborhood where the codes of masculinity and the law of the strongest is mandatory to survive. It is a co-production between Colombia, Germany, France and the Netherlands.

A Male had its world premiere on May 24, 2022, at Directors' Fortnight at the 75th Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Caméra d'Or and the Queer Palm. It was selected as the Colombian entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 96th Academy Awards.

Caméra d'Or
The Caméra d'Or ("Golden Camera") is an award of the Cannes Film Festival for the best first feature film presented in one of the Cannes selections (Official Selection, Directors' Fortnight or Critics' Week).

The prize was created in 1978 by Gilles Jacob, and is awarded during the festival's closing ceremony by an independent jury.
Abkhazian Dze
Abkhazian Dze (Ӡ ӡ; italics: Ӡ ӡ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is used in Abkhaz where it represents the voiced alveolar affricate /dz/, pronounced like ⟨ds⟩ in "pods".

It is also used in a 2007 alphabet for the Uilta language, where it represents [d͡ʒ~ɟ] (j as in jam or g as in argue). It was also used in one 1937 proposal (not adopted) for the Karelian language.

The letter looks very similar in shape to Latin Ezh (Ʒ, ʒ), as well as to numeral 3, but in some fonts the uppercase form of the Abkhazian Dze has no descender or has a shortened tail.

This letter is similar to the Cyrillic letter Dze, representing the same sound.

Abkhaz language
Abkhaz, also known as Abkhazian, is a Northwest Caucasian language most closely related to Abaza. It is spoken mostly by the Abkhaz people. It is one of the official languages of Abkhazia, where around 190,000 people speak it. Furthermore, it is spoken by thousands of members of the Abkhazian diaspora in Turkey, Georgia's autonomous republic of Adjara, Syria, Jordan, and several Western countries. 27 October is the day of the Abkhazian language in Georgia.
Leuville-sur-Orge
Leuville-sur-Orge (French pronunciation: [løvil syʁ ɔʁʒ] ⓘ, literally Leuville upon Orge) is a commune 31 km (19 mi) south of Paris, France. It is situated in the Essonne department in the Île-de-France region.

Orge
The Orge (French pronunciation: [ɔʁʒ] ⓘ) is a 54.1-kilometre (33.6 mi) long river in France, left tributary of the Seine. Its source is in the village Saint-Martin-de-Bréthencourt. Its course crosses the départements of Yvelines and Essonne. It flows northwest through the towns of Dourdan, Saint-Chéron, Breuillet, Arpajon, Savigny-sur-Orge, and Viry-Châtillon, finally flowing into the Seine in Athis-Mons, south of Paris. The towns located on the banks of the river usually have s/ Orge added to their name (i.e. Épinay-sur-Orge, Longpont-sur-Orge, Villiers-sur-Orge). The Yvette is a tributary of the Orge.
Nnamani Music Group
Nnamani Music Group (often abbreviated as NMG) is a music company founded in 2023 by Johnel Nnamani and Nnamani Grace Odi. The company operates as a distribution, publishing and licensing company.

The Recording Academy recognized the company in its feature on women shaping African music which highlighted its role in supporting independent artists through the work of its co-founder Nnamani Grace Odi. The company operates in Montreal, Lagos, Caribbean and more.

Music publisher
A music publisher is a type of publisher that specializes in distributing music. Music publishers originally published sheet music. When copyright became legally protected, music publishers began to play a significant role in the management of composers' intellectual property. Today, music publishers license compositions, collect royalties, and make sure songwriters and composers are paid when their work is used.
Jamal Al Sharif
Jamal Al Sharif (Arabic: جمال الشريف; born 8 December 1954) is a retired football referee from Damascus, Syria. He is mostly known for supervising six matches in the FIFA World Cup. Two matches in 1986, one in 1990 and three in 1994, including the second round match between Bulgaria and Mexico. He also supervised a single game between Argentina and Ivory Coast in 1992 King Fahd Cup, The first edition of FIFA Confederations Cup in Saudi Arabia. He also officiated at the 1988 Olympics. He worked for beIN Sports channels as an analyst from the opening of the channel in 2003 until 2020.

Bulgaria national football team
The Bulgaria national football team (Bulgarian: Български национален отбор по футбол, romanized: Bǎlgarski natsionalen otbor po futbol) represents Bulgaria in men's international football, and is administered by the Bulgarian Football Union, a member association of UEFA.

Bulgaria's best achievements are reaching the final at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the fourth-place finish at the FIFA World Cup in 1994. Bulgaria have competed at a total of seven World Cups, debuting in 1962 and last appearing in 1998. In addition, they have participated in two European Championships, in 1996 and 2004, the latter marking their most recent major tournament appearance. The team has also competed at and won three titles in the Balkan Cup.