hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lake Creek Settlement
The Lake Creek Settlement (ca. 1830s through the 1840s) was a settlement in Stephen F. Austin's Second Colony, located in Mexican Texas, and later the Republic of Texas after it gained independence in 1836.  The Lake Creek Settlement was located between the West Fork of the San Jacinto River (Texas) and the stream known as Lake Creek. It was the first Anglo-American settlement in what is today western Montgomery County, Texas.

In July 1837, the town of Montgomery, Texas was founded in the middle of the Lake Creek Settlement, at the site of W. W. Shepperd's store. It was located near the West Fork of the San Jacinto River, which had keel boat navigation to that point.

Siege of Béxar
The siege of Béxar (or Béjar) was an early campaign of the Texas Revolution in which a volunteer Texian army defeated Mexican forces at San Antonio de Béxar (now San Antonio, Texas).  Texians had become disillusioned with the Mexican government as President and General  Antonio López de Santa Anna's tenure became increasingly dictatorial.  In early October 1835, Texas settlers gathered in Gonzales to stop Mexican troops from reclaiming a small cannon.  The resulting skirmish, known as the Battle of Gonzales, launched the Texas Revolution.  Men continued to assemble in Gonzales and soon established the Texian Army.  Despite a lack of military training, well-respected local leader General Stephen F. Austin was elected commander.

Santa Anna had sent his brother-in-law, General Martín Perfecto de Cos, to Béxar with reinforcements.  On October 13, Austin led his forces towards Béxar to confront the Mexican troops.  The Texians initiated a siege of the city.
FC Gonio
FC Gonio (Georgian: საფეხბურთო კლუბი გონიო) is a Georgian association football club based in Gonio, the southern settlement of Batumi.

They started taking part in the national league in 2021. Starting from 2022, Gonio achieved three successive promotions. Following the 2025 season, Gonio were relegated to Liga 3.

Gonio (settlement)
Gonio (Georgian: გონიო) is a settlement south of Batumi, in the Gonio-Kvariati district of the city. It is located on the left side of the river Chorokhi. Gonio is one of the popular Black Sea resorts in Georgia. A radar station is located in Gonio. According to the data of 2002, 2,886 people live in the settlement.
Database and Collections of Information Misappropriation Act
The Database and Collections of Information Misappropriation Act, H.R. 3261, was a proposed bill in the United States House of Representatives during the 108th United States Congress. It would have altered copyright law to permit assertion of copyright ownership over factual data.

Proponents argued that the bill was based on the 1996 EU Database Directive, and was designed to encourage database creators by ensuring their revenue advantage. Opponents, who included Google and Verizon argued that it would restrict access to and use of facts.

In March 2004, the House Energy and Commerce Committee unfavorably reported H.R. 3261. The committee approved a competing, less comprehensive bill, the Consumer Access to Information Act H.R. 3872, which dealt only with "time sensitive" information, and would have instructed the Federal Trade Commission to take action against unfair trade practices.

United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce
The Committee on Energy and Commerce is one of the oldest standing committees of the United States House of Representatives. Established in 1795, it has operated continuously—with various name changes and jurisdictional changes—for more than 200 years. The two other House standing committees with such continuous operation are the House Ways and Means Committee and the House Rules Committee. The committee has served as the principal guide for the House in matters relating to the promotion of commerce and to the public's health and marketplace interests, with the relatively recent addition of energy considerations among them. Due to its broad jurisdiction, it is considered one of the most powerful committees in the House.
Chickering Hall (Boston, 1883)
Chickering Hall (est.1883) was a concert auditorium in Boston, Massachusetts, in the late 19th century. It occupied the second floor of Chickering and Sons showrooms on Tremont Street, near the corner of West Street. "Bradlee, Winslow and Wetherell were the architects, and Mr. E.P. Treadwell, the decorator. The hall [was] lighted by the Edison electric light." By 1895: "Tremont St., towards Boylston, for some years has been called Piano Row, for a long row of piano agencies occupied a good portion of the block; but of late most of these have migrated to Boylston St. Chickering Hall, at 152 Tremont St., was for many years a favorite place for fashionable musicales, and the headquarters of the musical profession."

Tremont Street
Tremont Street is a major thoroughfare in Boston, Massachusetts.

Tremont Street begins at Government Center in Boston's city center as a continuation of Cambridge Street, and forms the eastern edge of Boston Common. Continuing in a roughly southwesterly direction, it passes through Boston's Theater District, crosses the Massachusetts Turnpike, and becomes a broad boulevard in the South End neighborhood. It then turns to the west as a narrower four-lane street, running through Mission Hill and terminating at Brigham Circle, where it intersects Huntington Avenue. The street name zigzags across several physical roads, often requiring a sharp turn to remain on the street, as a result of changes made to the street grid during urban renewal.
Prosoplus decussatus
Prosoplus decussatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1957. The species is dark brown in colour and is 10–12 millimetres (0.39–0.47 in) long and 3.5–4.5 millimetres (0.14–0.18 in) wide. It is endemic to New Guinea.

Stephan von Breuning (entomologist)
Stephan von Breuning (21 November 1894 – 11 March 1983) was an Austrian entomologist who specialised in the study of beetles (coleopterology), particularly within the Carabus, Calosoma and Ceroglossus (all of them are genera of the Carabidae family, also known as ground beetles) and the longhorn family (Cerambycidae).
Wodziany
Wodziany [vɔˈd͡ʑanɨ] (German Wodigehnen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Małdyty, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south of Małdyty, 22 km (14 mi) north-west of Ostróda, and 49 km (30 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Ostróda
Ostróda [ɔsˈtruda] (German: Osterode in Ostpreußenⓘ; Old Prussian: Austrāti) is a town in northern Poland, in the ethnocultural region of Masuria. It is the seat of the Ostróda County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and has approximately 33,191 inhabitants (2009).

Ostróda is the largest town in the western part of Masuria, and the second largest in all of Masuria after Ełk.
Dunmanway
Dunmanway (Irish: Dúnmaonmhuí, official Irish name: Dún Mánmhaí) is a market town in County Cork, in the southwest of Ireland. It is the geographical centre of the region known as West Cork. It is the birthplace of Sam Maguire, an Irish Protestant republican, for whom the trophy of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship is named. The town centre is built on and around two rivers, which are tributaries of the larger River Bandon, which passes by at the east end of the town.

The town is twinned with Quéven, France. Dunmanway won the Irish Tidy Towns Competition in 1982. The town came to national and international attention in 2009 when Liverpool Football Club played a pre-season soccer friendly in the area.

The population of Dunmanway at the 2011 census was 1,585, rising to 1,964 by the 2022 census.

Samuel Lewis (publisher)
Samuel Lewis (c. 1782 – 28 February 1865) was a British editor and publisher of topographical dictionaries and maps of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The aim of the texts was to give in "a condensed form" a faithful and impartial description of each place. The firm of Samuel Lewis and Co. was based in London.
UW–Madison Geology Museum
The UW–Madison Geology Museum (UWGM) is a geology and paleontology museum housed in Weeks Hall, in the southwest part of the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus. The museum's main undertakings are exhibits, outreach to the public, and research. It has the second highest attendance of any museum at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, exceeded only by the Chazen Museum of Art. The museum charges no admission.

Niobrara Formation
The Niobrara Formation /ˌnaɪ.əˈbrærə/, also called the Niobrara Chalk, is a geologic formation in North America that was deposited between 87 and 82 million years ago during the Coniacian, Santonian, and Campanian stages of the Late Cretaceous.  It is composed of two structural units, the Smoky Hill Chalk Member overlying the Fort Hays Limestone Member.  The chalk formed from the accumulation of coccoliths from microorganisms living in what was once the Western Interior Seaway, an inland sea that divided the continent of North America during much of the Cretaceous. It underlies much of the Great Plains of the US and Canada.  Evidence of vertebrate life is common throughout the formation and includes specimens of plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, pterosaurs, and several primitive aquatic birds.  The type locality for the Niobrara Chalk is the Niobrara River in Knox County in northeastern Nebraska. The formation gives its name to the Niobrara cycle of the Western Interior Seaway.
Rachel Aukes
Rachel Aukes is an American horror / science fiction / fantasy novelist best known for the Deadland Saga. She is a Wattpad Star, her stories having over eight million reads. Aukes earliest five books and two short stories were released under the pen name Berinn Rae. Several of her books are self-published under Waypoint Books LLC, her publishing company. She was born in Manchester, Iowa, U.S.A. in 1972 and attended West Delaware high school. She received her undergraduate degree in Management Information Systems and Communications from University of Northern Iowa and a masters of public administration at Drake University. She is a member of the Horror Writers Association, the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, the International Thriller Writers and Sisters in Crime. She lives in the Midwest.

University of Northern Iowa
The University of Northern Iowa (UNI) is a public university in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. UNI offers more than 90 majors across five colleges. The fall 2025 total enrollment was 9,204 students.

The university was initially founded in 1876 as the Iowa State Normal School with the purpose of training school teachers and educators. The University of Northern Iowa is one of three public universities in Iowa, all of which are governed by the Iowa Board of Regents.
Robert McCarthy (tennis)
Robert Russell McCarthy (11 February 1924 – 7 February 2001) was an Australian tennis player. He reached the quarter-finals in men's singles with Adrian Quist at the 1948 Australian Championships. McCarthy was born in Randwick, Sydney on 11 February 1924, and died in Baulkham Hills on 7 February 2001, at the age of 76.

Randwick
Randwick is a suburb in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Randwick is located 6 kilometres south-east of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of the City of Randwick.
Fort de Chillon
The Fort de Chillon is a twentieth-century fortification directly adjacent to the medieval Château de Chillon on the edge of Lake Geneva in Switzerland. The fort secures the road and rail lines that pass along the lakeshore running east from Lausanne to the mountainous interior of Switzerland. The position is an advanced work protecting the approaches to Fortress Saint-Maurice, part of the Swiss National Redoubt. Deactivated as a military post in 1995, it is privately owned and has been converted into a museum.

Lake Geneva
Lake Geneva is a deep lake on the north side of the Alps, shared between Switzerland and France. It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe and the largest on the course of the Rhône. Sixty percent (345.31 km2 or 133.32 sq mi) of the lake belongs to Switzerland (the cantons of Vaud, Geneva and Valais) and forty percent (234.71 km2 or 90.62 sq mi) to France (the department of Haute-Savoie).
June 1979 United Kingdom budget
The June 1979 United Kingdom budget was delivered by Geoffrey Howe, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, to the House of Commons on 12 June 1979. It was Howe's first budget and the first of the first Thatcher ministry, which had been elected a few weeks earlier. It was also the second budget to be delivered to Parliament in 1979. The budget marked a major change in direction for the UK economy, with an increase in reliance on interest rates and monetary policy to control inflation. It is also noted for its introduction of substantial tax cuts, such as reducing the top rate of income tax from 83% to 60% and the basic rate from 33% to 30%. The budget also saw an increase in VAT from 8% to 15%.

In his budget speech, Howe told the House of Commons "we cannot go on avoiding difficult choices".

First Thatcher ministry
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.

This article details the first Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1979 to 1983.
Skolnick
Skolnick is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Skolnick (born 1968), American guitarist

Andrew A. Skolnick, American science writer

Arnold Skolnick (1937–2022), American graphic artist and publisher

Evan Skolnick (born 1931), American writer

Jerome Herbert Skolnick, American criminologist

Jeffrey Skolnick, American computational biologist

Phil Skolnick (born 1947), American neuroscientist

Sherman Skolnick (1930–2006), American political activist and conspiracy theorist

Jerome Skolnick
Jerome Herbert Skolnick (March 21, 1931 – February 22, 2024) was an American professor at Yale University, University of California, Berkeley, New York University and a former president of the American Society of Criminology. He joined the University of California, Berkeley in 1962. Skolnick had a Ph.D. in sociology from Yale University. In the 1950s he was appointed a Law professor at Yale, one of the youngest to ever hold that position.
Sneha Sharma
Sneha Sharma (born 1 August 1990) is an Indian racing driver who competes in Formula 4 National Racing Championship, she is also professionally a Pilot with Vistara Airlines (since 2022). Sneha was born in Kolkata however, since childhood she has been raised in Mumbai, she did her education from the Canossa Convent School in Andheri, Mumbai and flying training from San Francisco, Miami in US and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia.

First officer (aviation)
In aviation, the first officer (FO), also called co-pilot, is a pilot who serves as the second-in-command of an aircraft, alongside the captain, who is the legal commander. In the event of incapacitation of the captain, the first officer will assume command of the aircraft.
Jean Garel
Jean Garel (28 March 1852–1931) was a French physician who specialised in the field of laryngology.

In 1879 he succeeded Léon Bouveret as chef de clinique médicale to the Faculté de médecine at Lyon. In 1881 he became a titular member of the Société des sciences médicales in Lyon. His name is associated with "Garel's sign", a medical sign involving dysphagia located in the tonsils and posterior fauces, if persistent for more than three weeks, it is usually of syphilitic origin.

Dysphagia
Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing. Although classified under "symptoms and signs" in ICD-10, in some contexts it is classified as a condition in its own right.

It may be a sensation that suggests difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach, a lack of pharyngeal sensation or various other inadequacies of the swallowing mechanism. Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing, and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together. A psychogenic dysphagia is known as phagophobia.
Bill Swiacki
William Adam Swiacki (October 2, 1922 – July 7, 1976) was an American professional football player and coach.  He played college football as an end for Columbia University in 1946 and 1947 and was a consensus first-team All-American in 1947. He played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants from 1948 to 1950 and for the Detroit Lions in 1951 and 1952.  He was a member of the Lions' 1952 team that won the NFL championship.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Hillary Butler
Hillary Dourtha Butler (born January 5, 1971) is a retired professional American football linebacker who played in the National Football League and the NFL Europe League. In his four-year pro career he played for the Seattle Seahawks of the NFL, Frankfurt Galaxy of NFL Europe and a member of the SB XXXIII Denver Broncos. Hillary was on the field during the Terrell Davis breakout year of 2,000 + yard season. Butler played college football at the University of Washington. He now is the coach at Lakes High School in Washington

Frankfurt Galaxy (NFL Europe)
The Frankfurt Galaxy were a professional American football team that originally played in the World League of American Football and later in the resurrected NFL Europe. The team was based in Frankfurt, Germany and played in the Commerzbank-Arena, formerly called Waldstadion. The Galaxy was the only team in the league to have remained in operation and in the same city throughout the league's existence.

As of 2021, an unrelated team of the same name plays in the European League of Football.
Adesso sì
"Adesso sì" is a 1966 Italian song composed by Sergio Endrigo.  The song premiered at the 16th edition of the Sanremo Music Festival, with a double performance by Endrigo and Chad & Jeremy, and placed eight in the competition.

Endrigo's version peaked No. 9 on the Italian singles chart.

The song also has the distinction of being the first song recorded by Lucio Battisti and for being, together with "Prigioniero del mondo" and "La compagnia", one of the only three songs he performed during his career which he did not compose himself.

Lucio Battisti
Lucio Battisti (5 March 1943 – 9 September 1998) was an Italian singer-songwriter and composer. He is widely recognized for songs that defined the late 1960s and 1970s era of Italian songwriting.

Battisti released 18 studio albums from 1969 to 1994, with a significant portion of this catalogue translated into Spanish (various albums), English (one album), French (two albums), and German (one album). He was known to be an extremely reserved artist, performing only a small number of live concerts during his career. In 1978 he announced that he would speak to the public only through his musical work, limiting himself to the recording of studio albums and disappearing from the public scene.
West Middlesex University Hospital
West Middlesex University Hospital (WMUH) is an acute NHS hospital in Isleworth, West London, operated by Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. It is a teaching hospital of Imperial College School of Medicine and a designated academic health science partner (Imperial College Academic Health Sciences Partnership). West Middlesex University Hospital serves patients in the London Boroughs of Hounslow, Richmond upon Thames and Ealing. The hospital has over 400 beds and provides a full range of clinical services including accident and emergency, acute medicine, care of the elderly, surgery and maternity.

Elderly care
Elderly care, or simply eldercare (also known in parts of the English-speaking world as aged care), serves the needs of old adults. It encompasses assisted living, adult daycare, long-term care, nursing homes (often called residential care), hospice care, and home care.

Elderly care emphasizes the social and personal requirements of senior citizens who wish to age with dignity while needing assistance with daily activities and with healthcare. Much elderly care is unpaid.

Elderly care includes a broad range of practices and institutions, as there is a wide variety of elderly care needs and cultural perspectives on the elderly throughout the world.
Classic (Bryan Adams album)
Classic is a series of albums containing re-recorded versions of songs by Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams. It was released digitally through Badams Music Limited on April 1, 2022, and it contains new studio takes of songs from the 1980s and 1990s, including "Summer of '69", "Heaven", "Run to You", and "Please Forgive Me". Classic is the 17th studio release by Adams and the third album he has unveiled in less than one month. On March 4, 2022, he digitally released Pretty Woman – The Musical and on March 11, 2022, he released his 15th official studio album So Happy It Hurts. A second volume, Classic Pt. II, was released on July 22, 2022.

In May 2025, the album was released on combined CD and 2×LP. This release featured 21 tracks—the majority of the "classic versions" as well as several of Adams' recent singles and "All for Love" from the Royal Albert Hall in 2012.

Run to You (Bryan Adams song)
"Run to You" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams. It was released in 1984 by A&M Records as the lead single from his fourth album, Reckless (1984). The track deals with the subject of infidelity, and is sung from the perspective of a man who declares that he will continue to "run to" his seductive mistress over his faithful partner; critic Ira Robbins for CMJ called it a "cheating classic". In the accompanying music video, however, Adams portrays his guitar as the object of desire.

The song topped the US Billboard Top Rock Tracks chart and peaked at number six on the Billboard Hot 100. The single was certified gold in Canada in 1985.