hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hyperbolic absolute risk aversion
In finance, economics, and decision theory, hyperbolic absolute risk aversion (HARA): p.39,  : p.389,     refers to a type of risk aversion that is particularly convenient to model mathematically and to obtain empirical predictions from.  It refers specifically to a property of von Neumann–Morgenstern utility functions, which are typically functions of final wealth (or some related variable), and which describe a decision-maker's degree of satisfaction with the outcome for wealth. The final outcome for wealth is affected both by random variables and by decisions.  Decision-makers are assumed to make their decisions (such as, for example, portfolio allocations) so as to maximize the expected value of the utility function.

Notable special cases of HARA utility functions include the quadratic utility function, the exponential utility function, and the isoelastic utility function.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.
Arjit Taneja
Arjit Taneja (born 10 November 1992) is an Indian actor who primarily works in Hindi Television. He is best known for playing Purab Khanna in Kumkum Bhagya,   Vivaan Kapoor in Kaleerein and Virat Singh Ahuja in Kaise Mujhe Tum Mil Gaye.  He also emerged as 1st runner up in Khatron Ke Khiladi 13. In 2023 he made his flim debut with a cameo role in Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani and Mr. & Mrs. Mahi

StarPlus
StarPlus is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, romantic comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films.
Piccadilly Pub
Piccadilly Pub was a chain of casual dining restaurants headquartered in the US state of Massachusetts. The first Piccadilly Pub restaurant was opened by William C. Martin in 1973 in the town of Westborough, Massachusetts.

The chain offered a menu of American cuisine, with particular emphasis on seafood such as fish and chips, New England clam chowder, fried clams, lobster, scallops, and shrimp.

Other items served included ribs, steaks, grilled honey lime island chicken salad, and Oreo cookie ice cream pie.

As of 2001, the chain had 11 locations. At its peak, the chain had 13 locations, all in Massachusetts and Connecticut, but at the time it went out of business it had nine locations. All locations closed on February 5, 2012.

Types of restaurant
Restaurants fall into several industry classifications, based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing, as well as the means by which the food is served to the customer. This article mainly describes the situation in the US, while categorisation differs widely around the world.
Nobody's Perfect (J. Cole song)
"Nobody's Perfect" is a song by American rapper J. Cole, released as the fifth and final single from his debut studio album Cole World: The Sideline Story. The song, featuring fellow rapper Missy Elliott, was produced by Cole himself and interpolates "Think" as performed by Curtis Mayfield. The song was serviced to urban radio on February 7, 2012 through Roc Nation and Columbia.

Roc Nation
Roc Nation is an American entertainment company founded by Jay-Z in 2008. Headquartered in New York City, the company is a successor to his previous Roc-A-Fella Records label, with additional offices in Los Angeles and London. It serves as a record label, talent agency, media production firm and clothing line along with educational and philanthropic programs.

It is co-owned by Jay-Z & Live Nation Entertainment.
Bayuquan District
Bayuquan District (simplified Chinese: 鲅鱼圈区; traditional Chinese: 鮁魚圈區; pinyin: Bàyúquān Qū) is a district of the city of Yingkou, Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. Located on the northeast coast of the Bohai Sea and in the northwest part of the Liaodong Peninsula, it is 46 kilometres (29 mi) south-southwest of Yingkou city centre. This small city is known for its seafood like fish and crabs which are shipped to all parts of the world. This District is also a tourism spot in the summer.

Bayuquan is also the site of a large sea port for bulk carriers and container ships, administered along with the port of Yingkou, the latter lying to the north of Bayuquan new port.

Container ship
A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-standard containers, with the latter predominant.

Today, about 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container ships, the largest of which, from 2023 onward, can carry over 24,000 TEU.
Janie Johnson series
The Jennifer "Jennie" Spring/Janie Johnson series is a series of young adult novels written by Caroline B. Cooney. The series focuses on a young woman's attempts to discover the truth about her background after seeing her own image on a milk carton.

Missing-children milk carton
Missing-children milk cartons were public service advertisements printed on milk cartons by the National Child Safety Council in the United States. The cartons were distributed from December 1984 until the mid-1990s with intention to spread awareness on missing childrens' cases.
Crestone Needle
Crestone Needle is a high mountain summit of the Crestones in the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 14,194.8-foot (4,327 m) fourteener is located 6.9 miles (11.1 km) east-southeast (bearing 108°) of the Town of Crestone in Saguache County, Colorado, United States.  The Crestones are a cluster of high summits in the Sangre de Cristo Range, comprising Crestone Peak, Crestone Needle, Kit Carson Peak, Challenger Point, Humboldt Peak, and Columbia Point.  They are usually accessed from common trailheads.

Fourteener
In the mountaineering parlance of the Western United States, a fourteener (also spelled 14er) is a mountain peak with an elevation of at least 14,000 ft (4267 m). The 96 fourteeners in the United States are all west of the Mississippi River. Colorado has 53 fourteeners, the most of any single state. Alaska has 29, the second most of any single state. Many peak baggers try to climb all fourteeners in the contiguous United States, or in one particular state, or in another region.
BitchX
BitchX /ˈbɪtʃɛks/ is a free IRC client that has been regarded as the most popular ircII-based IRC client. The initial implementation, written by "Trench" and "HappyCrappy", was a script for the IrcII chat client. It was converted to a program in its own right by panasync (Colten Edwards). BitchX 1.1 final was released in 2004. It is written in C and is a TUI application utilizing ncurses. GTK+ toolkit support has been dropped. It works on all Unix-like operating systems, and is distributed under a BSD license. It was originally based on ircII-EPIC, and eventually it was merged into the EPIC IRC client. It supports IPv6, multiple servers and SSL, and a subset of UTF-8 (characters contained in ISO-8859-1) with an unofficial patch.

On several occasions, BitchX has been noted to be a popular IRC client for Unix-like systems.

The latest official release is version 1.2.

BitchX does not yet support Unicode.

BSD licenses
BSD licenses are a family of permissive free software licenses, imposing minimal restrictions on the use and distribution of covered software. This is in contrast to copyleft licenses, which have share-alike requirements. The original BSD license was used for its namesake, the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a Unix-like operating system. The original version has since been revised, and its descendants are referred to as modified BSD licenses.

BSD is both a license and a class of license (generally referred to as BSD-like). The modified BSD license (in wide use today) is very similar to the license originally used for the BSD version of Unix. The BSD license is a simple license that merely requires that all code retain the BSD license notice if redistributed in source code format, or reproduce the notice if redistributed in binary format. The BSD license (unlike some other licenses e.g. GPL) does not require that source code be distributed at all.
Topór, Mińsk County
Topór [ˈtɔpur] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mrozy, within Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

Five Polish citizens were murdered by Nazi Germany in the village during World War II.

Mińsk County
Mińsk County (Polish: powiat miński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It was (re)created on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mińsk Mazowiecki, which lies 39 kilometres (24 mi) east of Warsaw. The county contains three other towns: Sulejówek, 21 km (13 mi) west of Mińsk Mazowiecki, Halinów, 16 km (10 mi) west of Mińsk Mazowiecki, and Kałuszyn, 17 km (11 mi) east of Mińsk Mazowiecki.

The county covers an area of 1,164.35 square kilometres (449.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 150,480, out of which the population of Mińsk Mazowiecki is 40,836, that of Sulejówek is 19,766, that of Halinów is 3,739, that of Kałuszyn is 2,899, and the rural population is 82,638.
AST SpaceMobile
AST SpaceMobile, Inc. is a publicly traded satellite designer and manufacturer based in Midland, Texas, United States. The company is building the SpaceMobile satellite constellation, a space-based cellular broadband network designed to connect directly to standard, unmodified smartphones. The network is intended to deliver 4G and 5G broadband coverage globally, particularly in remote and underserved regions.

Its BlueWalker 3 prototype and BlueBird commercial satellites are reported as among the largest commercial communications arrays in low Earth orbit after their respective launches and unfoldings in 2022 and 2024. The company's 2023 demonstrations included voice and data connections between standard smartphones and its BlueWalker 3 satellite.

Mobile broadband
Mobile broadband is the marketing term for wireless Internet access via mobile (cell) networks. Access to the network can be made through a portable modem, wireless modem, or a tablet/smartphone (possibly tethered) or other mobile device. The first wireless Internet access became available in 1991 as part of the second generation (2G) of mobile phone technology. Higher speeds became available in 2001 and 2006 as part of the third (3G) and fourth (4G) generations. In 2011, 90% of the world's population lived in areas with 2G coverage, while 45% lived in areas with 2G and 3G coverage. Mobile broadband uses the spectrum of 225 MHz to 3700 MHz.
Frederick Mitchell Hudson
Frederick Mitchell Hudson (February 2, 1871 – August 5, 1974) was a lawyer and politician in Florida. He served as president of the Florida Senate for two terms in 1905 and 1911.

He was born February 2, 1871, in Jefferson County, Arkansas. His father was a farmer in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, who served in the Arkansas State Legislature.
He married Nora Andrews from Pine Bluff, Arkansas, in October 1896.

Hudson studied at Hendrix College and received a law degree from Washington and Lee University and obtained his law degree in 1892. He moved to Miami in 1905 where he worked as a lawyer, founding his of law firm Hudson and Boggs. He served in the state legislature for 14 years including as senate president. He was closely involved in child labor laws and introducing the first juvenile court bill. He introduced bills to create St. Lucie County in 1905, Palm Beach County in 1909 and Broward County in 1915.

He died at age 103 on August 5, 1974, survived by a son and two daughters.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.
Chiyalikulevo
Chiyalikulevo (Russian: Чияликулево; Bashkir: Сейәлеҡул, Seyälequl) is a rural locality (a village) in Chekmagushevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 27 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Chekmagushevsky District
Chekmagushevsky District (Russian: Чекмагу́шевский райо́н; Bashkir: Саҡмағош районы, romanized: Saqmağoş rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Dyurtyulinsky District in the north, Kushnarenkovsky District in the east, Blagovarsky District in the southeast, Buzdyaksky District in the south, Sharansky District in the southwest, Bakalinsky District in the west, and with Ilishevsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,692 square kilometers (653 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Chekmagush. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 30,780, with the population of Chekmagush accounting for 37.0% of that number.
2019 Al Habtoor Tennis Challenge – Doubles
Alena Fomina and Valentina Ivakhnenko were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Georgina García Pérez and Sara Sorribes Tormo.

Lucie Hradecká and Andreja Klepač won the title, defeating García Pérez and Sorribes Tormo in the final, 7–5, 3–6, [10–8].

Alena Fomina-Klotz
Alena Sergeyevna Fomina-Klotz (née Fomina; Russian: Алёна Сергеевна Фомина; born 5 July 1989) is a German tennis player. From 2005 to October 2017, she represented Ukraine. From 2017 to 2025, she represented Russia.
Balanagar mandal
Balanagar mandal is one of the 15 mandals in Medchal-Malkajgiri district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is under the administration of Malkajgiri revenue division with its headquarters at Balanagar. The mandal is bounded by Quthbullapur, Serilingampally mandals and Hyderabad district.

Serilingampally
Serilingampally, also known as Lingampally, is a major suburb located in the north western part of Hyderabad city, India. It is the headquarters of the Serilingamapally mandal in the Ranga Reddy district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is administered by the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC). Due to its close proximity to HITEC City, Gachibowli, Nanakramguda, Manikonda and Kondapur, there has been a heavy influx of IT companies. A few of the tallest buildings in Hyderabad are located in Serilingampally, with Candeur Crescent being the tallest among them. University of Hyderabad (UoH) is also located here.
1967 Davis Cup
The 1967 Davis Cup was the 56th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 32 teams entered the Europe Zone, 9 teams entered the Eastern Zone, and 7 teams entered the America Zone.

Ecuador defeated the United States in the Americas Inter-Zonal final, India defeated Japan in the Eastern Inter-Zonal final, and Spain and South Africa were the winners of the two Europe sub-zones, defeating the Soviet Union and Brazil respectively.

In the Inter-Zonal Zone, Spain defeated Ecuador and South Africa defeated India in the semifinals, and then Spain defeated South Africa in the final. Spain were then defeated by the defending champions Australia in the Challenge Round. The final was played at the Milton Courts in Brisbane, Australia on 26–28 December.

India Davis Cup team
The India Davis Cup team represents India in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the All India Tennis Association.

India competed in its first Davis Cup in 1921. India finished as runners-up 3 times (1966, 1974, 1987), the most by any nation from Asia proper. In 1974, the final was scratched and South Africa were awarded the Davis Cup after India refused to participate in the final due to the South African government's apartheid policies. India were strong favorites to win with Vijay Amritraj and Anand Amritraj at their best.

Only Romania and India have contested more than one final without being crowned champion. In the 1974 Eastern Zone Final, India and Australia established a record for the most number of games in a tie, 327.
Necla Nazır
Necla Nazır (born 16 April 1956) is a Turkish retired singer and actress.

Nazır spent her childhood in Eyüpsultan and stopped her education after finishing middle school. While she was working in a factory, in 1972 she took part in an acting contest organized by Ses magazine and finished first. She started her career at the age of 16 and became one of the prominent actresses of the Cinema of Turkey. She later married fellow actor and singer Ferdi Tayfur, with whom she appeared in a number of movies. She also released an album through Tayfur's help. She retired from acting in 2008, after which she presented a Sancaktepe Sunni Islamic Menzil Community Naqshbandi TV Channel Semerkand TV few television programs. In 2018, she was honored with the Golden Orange Life Achievement Award.

Sancaktepe
Sancaktepe is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 63 km2, and its population is 489,848 (2022).

In 2008 the district Sancaktepe was created from parts of the districts Kartal and Ümraniye. The urban part of the new district was established as a municipality. At the 2013 Turkish local government reorganisation, the rural part of the district was integrated into the municipality, the villages becoming neighbourhoods.
Energy in Hong Kong
Energy in Hong Kong refers to the type of energy and its related infrastructure used in Hong Kong. Energy is crucial for the development of trade and industries in Hong Kong with its relatively small usable land. Hong Kong mostly imports its energy from outside or produces it through some intermediate process. The city has various concurrent projects and efficiency codes dedicated to renewable energy.

Lamma Power Station
Lamma Power Station, informally known as Lamma Island Power Station, is a thermal power station and solar farm in Po Lo Tsui, Lamma Island, Hong Kong. With an installed capacity of 3,617 MW, the power station is the second largest coal-fired power station in Hong Kong after Castle Peak Power Station.

Completed in 1982 for Hongkong Electric, the station provides power to Hong Kong Island and Lamma Island. It was later expanded several times. As of 2021, the total installed capacity of the power station was 3,617 MW, made up of 2,000 MW coal-fired units, 555 MW oil-fired gas turbine units, 1,060 MW gas-fired combined cycle units, and one 1.1 MW solar power system.
Janice McClure
Janice Lee McClure (born January 1, 1941) is an American former politician who served one term in the Kansas State Senate from 1989 to 1992.

McClure was born in Northern California, after her parents left Kansas to escape the Dust Bowl. The family returned to Kansas during her early childhood, and she grew up on her family farm. She attended college at the University of New Mexico and worked as a graphic designer, including on equipment manuals that were used as part of the Apollo Program. She married during her 20s, but divorced after the relationship was abusive during her pregnancy, and returned to Kansas to work on the farm.

In 1988, she was recruited to run for the Kansas Senate from the 38th district in Western Kansas. She faced no opposition in the primary, and in the general defeated incumbent Republican Robert Frey. She served for one term in the Senate before being succeeded by Marian Reynolds in the 1992 election.

Kansas's 38th Senate district
Kansas's 38th Senate district is one of 40 districts in the Kansas Senate. It has been represented by Republican Ron Ryckman Sr. since March 2021, following the death of incumbent Bud Estes on February 13, 2021.
Centerbrook, Connecticut
Centerbrook is a hamlet located in the town of Essex, Connecticut, United States. The village is home to numerous businesses: the Essex Steam Train, a post office, and Essex Elementary School. It has many houses but it is generally considered the more commercial part of Essex.

The village consists of the area immediately west of the Route 9 expressway, extending southwest along Route 153 to Tiffany Brook, west along Main Street to Earl Street, and north along Route 154 to Route 9.

Connecticut Route 154
Route 154 is a state highway in Connecticut running for 28.24 miles (45.45 km). It serves as one of the main thoroughfares in the town of Old Saybrook, intersecting  twice with U.S. Route 1 (US 1). North of Interstate 95 (I-95), Route 154 runs parallel to Route 9, along to the west bank of the Connecticut River. The route ends in Higganum at Route 9.
Mohamed El-Tabii
Mohamed El-Tabii (Arabic: محمد التابعى [mæˈħæmmad etˈtæbʕi]; 18 May 1896 in Port Said – 24 December 1976 in El Senbellawein) was a leading Egyptian political writer, journalist and a pioneer of modern press in Egypt and the Arab World, so much so that he was dubbed "Prince of Journalism".

El Senbellawein
El Senbellawein (Egyptian Arabic: السنبلاوين [es senbellæˈweːn, -sem-]) is a city in the Dakahlia Governorate of Egypt. Located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Mansoura, it has a population of approximately 435,000 inhabitants.

The city has been home to well known people which include political activist Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, singer Umm Kulthum, actress Faten Hamama, first female general director of Egyptian TV Tomader Tawfik, footballer Mahmoud El Khatib, film director Ateyyat El Abnoudy, and geologist Farouk El-Baz.
Nikaure
Nikaure (fl. c. 2530 BC) was an ancient Egyptian prince and vizier during the 4th Dynasty, likely under Menkaure. His titles include king's eldest son of his body (sA-nswt n Xt=f), as well as chief justice and vizier (smsw tAjtj sAb TAtj).

Vizier (Ancient Egypt)
The vizier was the highest official in ancient Egypt to serve the pharaoh (king) during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Vizier is the generally accepted rendering of ancient Egyptian tjati, tjaty etc., among Egyptologists. The Instruction of Rekhmire (Installation of the Vizier), a New Kingdom text, defines many of the duties of the tjaty, and lays down codes of behavior. The viziers were often appointed by the pharaoh. During the 4th Dynasty and early 5th Dynasty, viziers were exclusively drawn from the royal family; from the period around the reign of Neferirkare Kakai onwards, they were chosen according to loyalty and talent or inherited the position from their fathers.