hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Wiegmann
Paul B. Wiegmann (Павел Борисович Вигман) is a Russian physicist. He is the Robert W. Reneker Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Chicago, James Franck Institute and Enrico Fermi Institute. He specializes in theoretical condensed matter physics. He made pioneering contributions to the field of quantum integrable systems. He found exact solutions of O(3) Non-linear Sigma Model, (Wiegmann 1985), Wess–Zumino–Witten model (together with Alexander Polyakov), Anderson impurity model and multi-channel Kondo model (with Alexei Tsvelik).

Anderson impurity model
The Anderson impurity model, named after Philip Warren Anderson, is a Hamiltonian that is used to describe magnetic impurities embedded in metals. 
It is often applied to the description of Kondo effect-type problems, such as heavy fermion systems and Kondo insulators. In its simplest form, the model contains a term describing the kinetic energy of the conduction electrons, a two-level term with an on-site Coulomb repulsion that models the impurity energy levels, and a hybridization term that couples conduction and impurity orbitals. For a single impurity, the Hamiltonian takes the form

,

where the  operator is the annihilation operator of a conduction electron, and  is the annihilation operator for the impurity,  is the conduction electron wavevector, and  labels the spin. The on–site Coulomb repulsion is , and  gives the hybridization.
Pranati Nayak
Pranati Nayak (Odia: ପ୍ରଣତି ନାୟକ; born 6 April 1995) is an Indian artistic gymnast. She is the 2019 Asian Championships vault bronze medalist. She is the third Indian gymnast to win an international medal on the vault, after Dipa Karmakar and Aruna Reddy. She represented India at the 2020 Summer Olympics and is only the second Indian female gymnast to qualify for the Olympic Games. She is also the 2019 Indian all-around champion. She represented India at the 2014 Commonwealth Games and at the 2018 Commonwealth Games and at the 2014 and 2018 Asian Games. She also competed at the 2014, 2017, and 2019 World Championships.

India at the 2018 Asian Games
India competed at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia, from 18 August to 2 September. Neeraj Chopra was the flag bearer for the opening ceremony while Rani Rampal was named as the flag bearer for the closing ceremony.

India bettered its previous best medal haul achieved 8 years earlier at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China.
Steel City
The Steel City is a common nickname for many cities that were once known for their production of large amounts of steel.  With industrial production also in developing countries, like those in Eastern Europe and Asia, most of these cities do not produce as much steel as they used to.  It is possible there will be new steel cities in those developing countries.

Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Sheffield, United Kingdom; Birmingham, Alabama, United States; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States; Gary, Indiana, United States; Lorain, Ohio, United States; Pueblo, Colorado, United States; Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada; Rourkela, Bokaro Steel City and Bhilai, India, are some of the cities most commonly referred to with this name, in their respective countries.

Lorain, Ohio
Lorain (/lɔːˈreɪn/) is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. It is located in Northeast Ohio on Lake Erie at the mouth of the Black River, about 25 miles (40 km) west of Cleveland. With a population of 65,211 at the 2020 census, Lorain is the ninth-most populous city in Ohio, the most populous in Lorain County and the third-most populous in Greater Cleveland.
Rigivan Ganeshamoorthy
Rigivan "Rigi" Ganeshamoorthy (born 8 June 1999) is an Italian para-athlete, competing in F52 throwing events. He represented Italy at the 2024 Summer Paralympics, winning a gold medal and setting a new world record in the discus throw.

Para-athletics
Para-athletics is the sport of athletics practiced by people with a disability as a parasport. The athletics events within the parasport are mostly the same as those available to able-bodied people, with two major exceptions in wheelchair racing and the club throw, which are specific to the division. Certain able-bodied events are rarely contested as para-athletic events outside deaf sport; pole vault, triple jump, hammer (of which the club throw is sometimes considered the para-athletic equivalent) and the three hurdling events. The sport is known by various names, including disability athletics, disabled track and field and Paralympic athletics. Top-level competitors may be called elite athletes with disability.
Luxol Stadium
The Luxol Stadium is a stadium in Pembroke, Malta, opened on 26 May 2006. It was built at a cost of Lm 350,000 with an artificial turf surface and floodlighting. It is the home ground of Maltese football club St. Andrews F.C., who currently play in the Maltese FA Trophy, Maltese Second Division and Maltese Third Division. It is used for matches from the Maltese FA Trophy, Maltese Third Division, Maltese Second Division and even Exhibition game. It is also used by all the St. Andrews F.C. teams from the youth teams up until the senior teams for training. It holds 800 people on the stadium.

Maltese Second Division
The Maltese Second Division (also known as the BOV Second Division due to sponsorship reasons) was the third-highest division in Maltese football until 2020 when it was merged with the Maltese Third Division to create the National Amateur League.
RAM 03
The RAM 03 was an open-wheel Formula One race car, designed, developed and built by British racing team and constructor RAM, to compete in the 1985 and 1986 Formula One world championship.

In 1986 an updated version called 03B was introduced and was driven by New Zealander Mike Thackwell during the pre-season testing for the 1986 season held at Jacarepaguá.

Later in 1986 one of the 03 chassis was converted into a Formula 3000 car, the 04. The car contested a number of races in the 1986 Formula 3000 championship.

International Formula 3000
The Formula 3000 International Championship was a motor racing series created by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) in 1985 to become the final preparatory step for drivers hoping to enter Formula One. Formula Two had become too expensive, and was dominated by works-run cars with factory engines; the hope was that Formula 3000 would offer quicker, cheaper, more open racing. The series began as an open specification, then tyres were standardized from 1986 onwards, followed by engines and chassis in 1996. The series ran annually until 2004, and was replaced in 2005 by the GP2 Series.

The series was staged as the Formula 3000 European Championship in 1985, as the Formula 3000 Intercontinental Championship in 1986 and 1987 and then as the Formula 3000 International Championship from 1988 to 2004.
John N. Reynolds
John N. Reynolds is a British investment banker, business executive and financial author who wrote 'Ethics in Investments Banking' and 'Sharing Profits'.

During his investment banking career he covered equity research, mergers & acquisitions, financial restructuring and principal investment. As equity analyst he led multi-billion dollar acquisitions, and originated high-return investment strategies. In 2014 he became CEO of UK water company Castle Water.

Financial analyst
A financial analyst is a professional undertaking financial analysis for external or internal clients as a core feature of the job. The role may specifically be titled securities analyst, research analyst, equity analyst, investment analyst, or ratings analyst. The job title is a broad one:
In banking, and industry more generally, various other analyst-roles cover financial management and (credit) risk management, as opposed to focusing on investments and valuation.
Hetty Lui McKinnon
Hetty Lui McKinnon is an Australian Chinese vegetarian/plant-based/vegan cookbook author, recipe developer, food writer, and James Beard Award finalist and winner. She has written five cookbooks with the fifth, Tenderheart: A Cookbook About Vegetables and Unbreakable Family Bonds winning the James Beard Award for Vegetable Focused Cooking in 2024.

Plant-based diet
A plant-based diet is a diet consisting mostly or entirely of plant-based foods. It encompasses a wide range of dietary patterns that contain low amounts of animal products and high amounts of fiber-rich plant products such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs and spices. Plant-based diets may also be vegan or vegetarian, but do not have to be, as they are defined in terms of high frequency of plants and low frequency of animal food consumption.
M-K TE70-4S
The M-K TE70-4S was a four-axle 2,800 hp (2.1 MW) B-B diesel-electric locomotive built by Morrison-Knudsen. The locomotive was a rebuild of the GE U25B with a Sulzer V-12 prime mover installed. Morrison-Knudsen rebuilt four for the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1978. The experiment proved unsuccessful and no additional units were rebuilt.

AAR wheel arrangement
The AAR wheel arrangement system is a method of classifying locomotive (or unit) wheel arrangements that was developed by the Association of American Railroads. Essentially a simplification of the European UIC classification, it is widely used in North America to describe diesel and electric locomotives (including third-rail electric locomotives). It is not used for steam locomotives anywhere, which use the Whyte notation instead, except geared steam locomotives, which are instead classified by their model and their number of trucks (bogies in Commonwealth English). The AAR system (like UIC) counts axles, unlike Whyte notation, which counts wheels.
Morrobolam language
The Morrobolam language, formerly known as Morrobalama and Umbuygamu, is a possibly extinct Paman language from Princess Charlotte Bay in far-north Queensland in Australia which was spoken by a group the Lamalama people.

Princess Charlotte Bay
Princess Charlotte Bay is a large bay on the east coast of Far North Queensland at the base of Cape York Peninsula, 350 km north northwest of Cairns. Princess Charlotte Bay is a part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and it is a habitat for the dugong.

Reefs in the bay are described as pristine. Barramundi habitat and associated wetlands exist in declared green zones which restrict commercial fishing.
Male cosmetics
Male cosmetics include all cosmetic products marketed towards men, such as makeup, skincare products, hair care products, body care products, sun care products, perfumes, and other decorative cosmetics.

Hair care
Hair care or haircare is an overall term for hygiene and cosmetology involving the hair which grows from the human scalp, and to a lesser extent facial, pubic and other body hair. Hair care routines differ according to an individual's culture and the physical characteristics of one's hair. Hair may be colored, trimmed, shaved, plucked or otherwise removed with treatments such as waxing, sugaring and threading. Hair care services are offered in salons, barbershops and day spas, and products are available commercially for home use. Laser hair removal and electrolysis are also available, though these are provided (in the United States) by licensed professionals in medical offices or specialty spas.
Koza, Wakayama
Koza (古座町, Koza-chō) was a coastal town located at the mouth of the Kozagawa river in Higashimuro District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,587 and a density of 121.43 persons per km2. The total area was 46.01 km2.

On April 1, 2005, Koza was merged into the expanded town of Kushimoto (formerly from Nishimuro District, now within Higashimuro District).

Wakayama Prefecture
Wakayama Prefecture (和歌山県, Wakayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [wa.kaꜜ.ja.ma, wa.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu.: 1026  Wakayama Prefecture has a population of 876,030 (as of 1 February 2025) and a geographic area of 4,724 square kilometres (1,824 sq mi). Wakayama Prefecture borders Osaka Prefecture to the north, and Mie Prefecture and Nara Prefecture to the northeast.

Wakayama is the capital and largest city of Wakayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Tanabe, Hashimoto, and Kinokawa.: 1025  Wakayama Prefecture is located on the southwestern coast of the Kii Peninsula on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku.
Kirsten Running-Marquardt
Kirsten Running-Marquardt (born July 6, 1977) is a former Democratic Iowa State Representative, elected to represent the 33rd District in the Iowa House of Representatives in a special election in November 2009. She replaced Dick Taylor, who resigned in October 2009 to focus on his family.

As of October 2011, Running-Marquardt serves on several committees in the Iowa House - the Appropriations, Economic Growth/Rebuild Iowa, Labor, and Local Government committees.  She also serves as the ranking member of the Economic Development Appropriations Subcommittee.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Kavousi Kastro
35°06′40″N 25°52′04″E﻿ / ﻿35.111076°N 25.867885°E﻿ / 35.111076; 25.867885﻿ (Kavousi Kastro)

Kavousi Kastro (also Kastro; Greek: Κάστρο) is an archaeological site in eastern Crete, Greece, about 1.4 km southeast of the modern village of Kavousi, a historic village in the municipality of Ierapetra in the prefecture of Lasithi.

Situated on a steep and rocky peak at an elevation of 713 m above sea level in the northern foothills of the Thripti Mountains, the site overlooks the Gulf of Mirabello and the northern Isthmus of Ierapetra. “Kastro” (“Citadel“ or “Castle”) is a local toponym; the ancient name of the site is unknown. The Kastro is best known as a defensible “refuge” settlement of the “Greek Dark Ages”, inhabited from the early 12th to the mid-7th centuries BCE. Most of the visible architectural remains on the site belong to the Late Geometric–Early Orientalizing phases of occupation (8th to 7th centuries BCE).

Greek Dark Ages
The Greek Dark Ages (c. 1180–800 BC) was a period in Ancient Greece characterized by societal collapse of civilization, where the palaces and cities of the Mycenaeans were either destroyed, abandoned, or both.

At around the same time, the Hittite civilization in modern-day Turkey also suffered serious disruption and collapse, with cities from Troy to Gaza being destroyed. Moreover, in Egypt, the New Kingdom fell into disarray, leading to the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt. Following this mass destruction, there were fewer, smaller settlements, which suggests widespread famine and depopulation. On the Greek mainland, the Linear B script, used by Mycenaean bureaucrats to write the Greek language, ceased to be used. The later Greek alphabet did not develop until hundreds of years later, in the beginning of the Protohistoric Iron Age, c. 800 BC.
2021 US Open – Wheelchair quad doubles
Sam Schröder and Niels Vink defeated the two-time defending champion Dylan Alcott and his partner Heath Davidson in the final, 6–3, 6–2 to win the quad doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2021 US Open.

Alcott and Andy Lapthorne were the two-time defending champions, but did not compete together. Lapthorne partnered David Wagner, but was defeated in the semifinals by Schröder and Vink.

Niels Vink
Niels Vink (born 6 December 2002) is a Dutch wheelchair tennis player. He has won eight major singles titles, as well as a gold medal at the 2024 Paris Paralympics to complete the career Golden Slam. Vink has also won eleven major doubles titles, nine partnering Sam Schröder and two with Guy Sasson, as well as two Paralympic gold medals to complete the double career Golden Slam.
Margaret Gere
Margaret Gere (23 August 1878 – 1965) was a British artist born in Leamington Spa.

Gere studied at the Birmingham School of Art during the 1890s under her brother, painter Charles March Gere. Later in life, she would accompany him on painting trips aboard. From 1900 she studied Italian painting in Florence. In 1905 she enrolled at the Slade School of Art, where she became friends with both Virginia Woolf and Ethel Walker. Gere exhibited works at the New English Art Club, and had solo shows at galleries including the Cotswold Gallery (1922) and the Beaux Arts Gallery (1929). A retrospective was held at Cheltenham Art Gallery in 1984.

Works by Gere include Noah's Ark, The Garden of the Slothful and What's for Pudding Today?.

New English Art Club
The New English Art Club (NEAC) is a society for contemporary artists that was founded in London, England, in 1886 as an alternative venue to the Royal Academy. The NEAC holds an annual exhibition of paintings and drawings at the Mall Galleries in London, exhibiting works by both members and artists from Britain and abroad whose work has been selected from an annual open submission.
Lhuntse Dzong
Lhuentse Dzong is a dzong and Buddhist monastery in Lhuentse District in eastern Bhutan. It lies on the eastern side of the Kuri Chhu and is perched on a spur at the end of a narrow valley.

The Dzong was initially known as Kurtoed in the then-isolated Lhuentse District. It is the ancestral home of the House of Wangchuck (Dasho Jigme Namgyal was born there in 1825).

While its geographic coordinates are in eastern Bhutan, its cultural roots are central Bhutanese. This was because before road traffic connected it to Mongar, the approach was through a trade route crossing Rodang Pass.

Mongar
Mongar (Dzongkha: མོང་སྒར) is a town and the seat of Mongar District in eastern Bhutan. The population of Mongar Dzongkhag in 2022 was estimated at 36,383, comprising 17,498 males and 18,886 females. It included 10,084 residing in urban centres of Mongar, Gyalpoizhing, Lingmithang, Kidheykhar, Drametse and Yadi towns. The rural population  f 7 Gewogs was o6,299. Mongar is on the road from Thimphu to Trashigang. It is one of the oldest educational hubs of the country. It has a regional hospital and a good standard hotel, among other facilities. The important Yagang Lhakhang monastery is on the outskirts of the town.
The post code for Mongar post office is 43001. The ruins of Zhongar Dzong are located on the outskirts of Mongar. The Dzong has been in ruins since 1889.
St Giles Estate, Lincoln
St. Giles Estate is an inner city area and housing estate of Lincoln in Lincolnshire, England. It is located to the northeast of the city bordering the Ermine Estate to the north and west. The estate was developed largely in the 1920s and 1930s, although some extensions were undertaken immediately after World War II. The design and layout of the estate was influenced by the Garden city movement, and covered around 65 acres, providing some 500 council house units. In addition, a church, St Giles, was erected on the estate in 1936, and a secondary modern school, now incorporated into Lincoln Christ's Hospital School, was built to provide education.

St Giles is among the most deprived areas of the city. The council has sought to address this through investment and in 2020 five new council houses were developed on the site of a former community hall on the estate.

Secondary modern school
A secondary modern school (Welsh: ysgol uwchradd fodern) was a type of secondary school that existed throughout England, Wales and Northern Ireland from 1944 until the 1970s under the Tripartite System. Secondary modern schools accommodated the majority (70–75%) of pupils between 11 and 15. Those who achieved the highest scores in the 11-plus were allowed to go to a selective grammar school which offered education beyond 15. From 1965 onwards (following Circular 10/65), secondary moderns were replaced in most of the UK by the comprehensive school system.

Schools of this type continue in Northern Ireland, where they are usually referred to as secondary schools, and in areas of England, such as Buckinghamshire (where they are referred to as upper/all-ability schools), Lincolnshire (still called secondary modern) and Wirral (called all-ability schools), and Kent where they are referred to as non-selective.
Dazaifu, Fukuoka
Dazaifu (太宰府市, Dazaifu-shi) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2024, the city had an estimated population of 71,505 in 33204 households, and a  population density of 260 persons per km². The total area of the city is 29.60 km2 (11.43 sq mi).

Sugawara no Michizane
Sugawara no Michizane (菅原 道真; Japanese pronunciation: [sɯ.ɡa.wa.ɾa no (|) mʲi.tɕiꜜ.(d)za.ne, sɯ.ŋa-], August 1, 845 – March 26, 903), or Kankō (菅公; [kaꜜŋ.koː], lit. 'Lord Sugawara'), was a scholar, poet, and politician of the Heian period of Japan. He is regarded as an excellent poet, particularly in waka and kanshi poetry, and is today revered in Shinto as the god of learning, Tenman-Tenjin (天満天神; often shortened to Tenjin). In the famed poem anthology Hyakunin Isshu, he is known as Kanke (菅家), and in kabuki drama he is known as Kan Shōjō (菅丞相). Along with Taira no Masakado and Emperor Sutoku, he is often called one of the “Three Great Onryō of Japan.”.
Blaker Station
Blaker Station (Norwegian: Blaker stasjon) is a railway station located in Blaker in Sørum, Norway on the Kongsvinger Line. The station was built in 1862 as part of the Kongsvinger Line. The station is served hourly, with extra rush hour departures, by the Oslo Commuter Rail line R14 operated by Vy.

Sørum
Sørum was a municipality in Akershus county, Norway.  It is part of the traditional region of Romerike. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Sørumsand. Sørum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The municipality of Blaker was merged with Sørum on 1 January 1962.

Since 1 January 2020, Sørum has been part of Lillestrøm municipality.
Canute Henriksen
Canute Henriksen (c. 1130 to 12 March 1162) was a Duke of Southern Jutland from 1157 to 1162. He was the son of Henrik Skadelår and a descendant of king Sweyn Estridsen. His mother was Ingrid Ragnvaldsdotter the granddaughter of king Inge I of Sweden. Two of his brothers became kings, Inge Krokrygg in Norway (1136-1161) and Magnus Henriksson in Sweden (1160-1161).

Canute fought in the Danish Civil War on the side of Canute V, who made him Duke of Southern Jutland. A title he had to fight for against his rival Valdemar the Great, who had been styled duke by Sweyn III. Canute initially had to give up his title, but when Valdemar became king the two reconciled and Canute was reinstated as duke.

He died without issue in 1162, and was succeeded by his brother Buris Henriksen.

Inge the Elder
Inge the Elder (Swedish: Inge Stenkilsson; Old Norse: Ingi Steinkelsson; died c. 1105–1110) was a king of Sweden. In English literature he has also been called Ingold. While scant sources do not allow a full picture of his term of kingship, he is known to have led a turbulent but at length successful reign of more than two decades. He stands out as a devout Christian who founded the first abbey in Sweden and acted harshly against pagan practices. The kingdom was still an unstable realm based on alliances of noblemen, and Inge's main power base was in Västergötland and Östergötland; one of the earliest chronicles that mention his reign knows him as rex gautorum, king of the Geats.