hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Father Dámaso
Padre Dámaso Verdolagas is a fictional character in the novel Noli Me Tángere. The novel was written by José Rizal, one of the leaders of the Propaganda Movement in the Philippines. Noli Me Tángere (Touch Me Not or "Social Cancer") is a controversial  and anticlerical novel that exposed the abuses committed by the Spanish friars (belonging to the Roman Catholic Church) and the Spanish elite in colonial Philippines during the 19th century.

The novel, according to the author, represented the state of Philippine society under Spanish colonial rule. It was intended as a liberal-nationalist wake-up call for the people of the Philippines. While the natives (indios) were trained to become secular clergy, Spanish priests in the powerful religious orders were given preferential treatment in the assignment to parishes.

Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Spain. It is limited to liberal and radical parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having been represented in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it is not necessary that parties label themselves as a liberal or radical party.
Heishui Mohe
The Heishui Mohe (Chinese: 黑水靺鞨; pinyin: Hēishuǐ Mòhé; Manchu: Sahaliyan i Aiman or 薩哈廉部; Korean: 흑수말갈; RR: Heuksu malgal), rendered in English as Blackriver Mohe or Blackwater Mohe, were a tribe of Mohe people in Outer Manchuria along the Amur River (Chinese: 黑水; pinyin: Hēi Shuǐ; lit. 'Blackwater" or "Black River') in what is now Russia's Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, and Heilongjiang in China.

Transcription into Chinese characters
Transcription into Chinese characters is the use of traditional or simplified Chinese characters to phonetically transcribe the sound of terms and names of foreign words to the Chinese language. Transcription is distinct from translation into Chinese whereby the meaning of a foreign word is communicated in Chinese. Since English classes are now standard in most secondary schools, it is increasingly common to see foreign names and terms left in their original form in Chinese texts. However, for mass media and marketing within China and for non-European languages, particularly those of the Chinese minorities, transcription into characters remains very common.

Except for a handful of traditional exceptions, most modern transcription in mainland China uses the standardized Mandarin pronunciations exclusively.
Gwent Healthcare NHS Trust
Gwent Healthcare NHS Trust was an NHS Trust in South East Wales.

The Trust was launched in April 1999 through the merger of Glan Hafren, Gwent Community Health and Nevill Hall and District NHS Trusts. It was abolished in October 2009 when the Aneurin Bevan Local Health Board took over both the functions of the NHS Trust and existing Local Health Boards.

The Trust was one of the largest and busiest in the UK with acute hospitals at Newport, Abergavenny and Caerphilly, supported by twenty community hospitals and extensive community, mental health and learning disability services.

It employed 12,500 staff, of whom one thousand were doctors, including 250 consultants and 5,500 nurses, midwives or health visitors.

Llanfrechfa Grange Hospital
Llanfrechfa Grange Hospital (Welsh: Ysbyty Llanfrechfa Grange) is a medical facility providing assessment and treatment services for people with learning disabilities. It is located to the east of Cwmbran on the B4236 road towards Caerleon to the south-east. It is managed by Aneurin Bevan University Health Board. The main building is a Grade II listed building.
Frank Beck (sex offender)
Frank Beck (19 July 1942 – 31 May 1994) was an English convicted child sex offender. He was employed by the Leicestershire County Council as the officer-in-charge of several children's homes in Leicestershire, between 1973 and 1986. Though holding only a 'middle management' grade within the hierarchy of Leicestershire Social Services, Beck quickly established an esteemed reputation among his professional peers as an innovative, dynamic and extraordinarily effective practitioner in dealing with the emotional and behavioural complexities of troubled young people placed in his charge. Beck was later at the centre of Britain's biggest investigation into institutional child abuse, between 1989 and 1991.

Guildford Four and Maguire Seven
The Guildford Four and Maguire Seven were two groups of people, mostly from Northern Ireland, who were wrongly convicted in English courts in 1975 and 1976 of the Guildford pub bombings of 5 October 1974 and the Woolwich pub bombing of 7 November 1974. All the convictions were eventually overturned in 1989 (for the Guildford Four) and 1991 (for the Maguire Seven) after long campaigns for justice, as were those of the Birmingham Six.
Little Peninsula Tunnel
The Little  Peninsula Tunnel is a small river diversion tunnel on the upper Yarra River near McMahons Creek, around 80 km East of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.  The tunnel was dug in the 1860s by alluvial gold miners to provide access to the bed of the Yarra River.

The tunnel is a short walk from the Little Peninsula Tunnel Picnic Ground, about 14 km east of Warburton on the Woods Point Road.

The site is listed in the Victorian Heritage Inventory.

Warburton, Victoria
Warburton is a town in Victoria, Australia, 76 kilometres (47 miles) east of Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Yarra Ranges local government area. Warburton recorded a population of 2,020 at the 2021 census.
Grant Supaphongs
Grant Supaphongs (born 12 April 1976) is a Thai racing driver currently competing in the TCR International Series and TCR Thailand Touring Car Championship. Having previously competed in the Thailand Super Series.

TCR Touring Car
A TCR Touring Car is a touring car specification first introduced in 2014; it is now employed by a multitude of series worldwide. All TCR Touring Cars are front wheel drive cars based on 4- or 5-door production vehicles, and are powered by 1.75 to 2.0 litre turbocharged engines. While the bodyshell and suspension layout of the production vehicle is retained in a TCR car, and many models use a production gearbox, certain accommodations are made for the stresses of the racetrack including upgraded brakes and aerodynamics. Competition vehicles are subject to balance of performance (BoP) adjustments to ensure close racing between different vehicles.
Boys of the City
Boys of the City (also known as The Ghost Creeps) is a 1940 black-and-white comedy/thriller film directed by Joseph H. Lewis. It is the second East Side Kids film and the first to star Bobby Jordan, Leo Gorcey, and Ernest Morrison.

Dave O'Brien (actor)
Dave O'Brien (born David Poole Fronabarger; May 31, 1912 – November 8, 1969) was an American film actor, stunt man, film director, and Emmy awarded comedy writer. He was well known for his portrayal, in the 1942 serial films of the title character in Captain Midnight, performer and comedy writer in the Pete Smith Specialties and as one of Red Skelton's comedy writers.
1996 German Formula Three Championship
The 1996 German Formula Three Championship (German: 1996 Deutsche Formel-3-Meisterschaft) was the 22nd edition of the German Formula Three Championship. It commenced on 14 April 1996 and ended on 13 October. Italian driver Jarno Trulli won the title with six wins for the Swiss Opel Team KMS Benetton Formula.

German Formula Three Championship
The German Formula Three Championship was the national Formula Three championship of Germany, and the former West Germany, from 1950 to 2002, then as Formel 3 until 2014. In 2003, the series merged with the French Formula Three Championship to form the Formula 3 Euro Series. The lower-level series, the ATS Formel 3 Cup, subsequently operated in Germany, but it folded after the end of the 2014 season. Since the late 1980s, the list of German F3 champions has included many notable drivers, including Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher and nine-time Le Mans winner Tom Kristensen.
Cultural depictions of Yue Fei
Yue Fei, a Chinese general of the Song dynasty remembered for his exploits in the Jin–Song wars, has appeared in various types of media; including black-and-white films, plays, games, wuxia novels, and folktales.

Ji Gong
Daoji (Chinese: 道濟, 22 December 1130 – 16 May 1209, born Li Xiuyuan), popularly known as Jigong (Chinese: 濟公), was a Chan Buddhist monk who lived in the Southern Song. He purportedly possessed supernatural powers through Buddhist practice, which he used to help the poor and stand up to injustice. However, he was also known for his wild and eccentric behavior and did not follow Buddhist monastic rules by consuming alcohol and meat. By the time of his death, Daoji had become a legend in Chinese culture and a deity in Chinese folk religion. He is mentioned by Buddhists in folktales and gong'an, and sometimes invoked by oracles to assist in worldly affairs.
Harimuraleeravam
"Harimuraleeravam" (transl. Sound from Hari's flute) is a song composed by Raveendran included in the soundtrack for the 1997 Malayalam-language film Aaraam Thampuran. The song was majorly composed in Sindhu Bhairavi raga yet deviates and travels to other ragas including Saramati halfway. The song was penned by Gireesh Puthenchery and sung by K. J. Yesudas with a narration by Mohanlal and composer Reghu Kumar on Jathi portion.

This song was picturised on Mohanlal in the film. Yesudas won his 21st Kerala State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for this song. The "Harimuraleeravam" sequence has been an inspiration for similar song sequence in Apthamitra ("Kana Kanade Shaarade") and its remake Chandramukhi ("Athinthom"). The Times of India selected Harimuraleeravam as one among the five iconic Malayalam songs sung by Yesudas.

Glossary of Carnatic music
Carnatic music terms are briefly described in this page. Major terms have their own separate article pages, while minor terms are defined / described here.

The order of terms is from basic to related terms, rather than alphabetic.
Acalyptris krugeri
Acalyptris krugeri is a species of moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Vári in 1963. It is known from South Africa (it was described from Kruger National Park).

The larvae feed on Schotia brachypetala.

Kruger National Park
Kruger National Park (Afrikaans: [ˈkry.(j)ər]) is a national park in South Africa covering an area of 19,623 km2 (7,576 sq mi) in the provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga in the country's northeast. It extends 360 km (220 mi) from north to south and 65 km (40 mi) from east to west. The administrative headquarters are in Skukuza. Areas of the park were first protected by the government of the South African Republic in 1898, and it became South Africa's first national park in 1926. It is part of Kruger to Canyons Biosphere, an area designated as a biosphere reserve.

The founder of Kruger National Park is considered to be President Paul Kruger.

The Kruger National Park is a major tourist attraction. In 2024 close to 2 million people visited the park.
Hugh Griffith
Hugh Emrys Griffith (30 May 1912 – 14 May 1980) was a Welsh actor. Described by BFI Screenonline as a "wild-eyed, formidable character player", Griffith appeared in more than 100 theatre, film, and television productions in a career that spanned over 40 years. He was the second Welsh-born actor to win an Academy Award (following Ray Milland for The Lost Weekend), winning a Best Supporting Actor Oscar for his role in Ben-Hur (1959), with an additional nomination for Tom Jones (1963).

As a stage actor, he was a renowned Shakespearean and a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, and was nominated for Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for the original production Look Homeward, Angel. He was also a BAFTA Award and a three-time Golden Globe nominee for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture (for Tom Jones; 1963, Oliver!; 1968, and The Fixer, also 1968), and a Clarence Derwent Award winner.

Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
The Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture is a Golden Globe Award that was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association in 1944 for a performance in a motion picture released in the previous year. The formal title has varied since its inception; since 2005, the award has officially been called "Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture". Six actors have won the award twice: Richard Attenborough, Edmund Gwenn, Martin Landau, Edmond O'Brien, Brad Pitt, and Christoph Waltz.
Jamestown Associates
Jamestown Associates is a  political, public affairs and corporate advertising firm active in the United States, specializing in media production, direct mail, press relations and campaign management, for candidates of the Republican Party.  Its CEO is Larry Weitzner. Among its best-known political clients are Donald Trump (both 2016 and 2020), several governors (including Charlie Baker of Massachusetts, Chris Sununu of New Hampshire, and Chris Christie of New Jersey), Senator Mike Braun, and the Republican National Committee. Past corporate and governmental clients include Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson and the New York City Department of Environmental Protection.

American Association of Political Consultants
The American Association of Political Consultants (AAPC) is the trade group for the political consulting profession in the United States.  Founded in 1969, it is the world's largest organization of political consultants, public affairs professionals and communications specialists.  Its "multipartisan" membership consists of political consultants, pollsters, media consultants, campaign managers, corporate public affairs officers, professors, lobbyists, fundraisers, congressional staffers, and vendors.

The American Association of Political Consultants maintains a "Code of Professional Ethics" for members.
2000 U.S. Cup
The 2000 Nike United States Cup (U.S. Cup), a Nike-sponsored, United States Soccer Federation (USSF)-organized international football tournament, took place in June 2000. It was the seventh and last U.S. Cup in the series, which began in 1992.

The four teams in the competition were the United States team, Ireland, South Africa and Mexico. Of the three teams invited, Ireland was playing its third cup, Mexico its fifth (plus one U.S. Women's Cup) and South Africa its first. Ireland played in the inaugural cup in 1992 while Mexico won three straight Cups before the 2000 tournament. South Africa was the second African team to compete, after Nigeria in 1995.

Earnie Stewart
Earnest Lee Stewart Jr., better known as Earnie Stewart (born March 28, 1969) is a former professional soccer player who played as a forward or midfielder. Born in the Netherlands, he represented the United States national team. His career spanned 17 years from 1988 until his retirement in 2005, with the majority of the years spent in the Netherlands, except for a period he played for D.C. United. Stewart also represented the United States in international soccer.

Since his retirement from professional soccer, Stewart has served as a soccer executive in various positions for multiple organizations. He is currently the director of football for PSV Eindhoven.

In 2011, Stewart was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame.
Sidney–Richland Municipal Airport
Sidney–Richland Municipal Airport (IATA: SDY, ICAO: KSDY, FAA LID: SDY) is a mile west of Sidney, in Richland County, Montana, United States. The airport is served by one airline, subsidized by the federal government's Essential Air Service program, at a cost of $3,777,579 (per year).

The Federal Aviation Administration says this airport had 2,031 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 2,766 in 2009, and 3,659 in 2010. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation airport based on enplanements in 2008 (the commercial service category requires at least 2,500 enplanements per year).

Silver Airways
Silver Airways was a regional airline in the United States with its headquarters in Hollywood, Florida, near Fort Lauderdale. It was founded in 2011 with assets from the former Gulfstream International Airlines, and last operated scheduled flights from its hubs in Fort Lauderdale and Tampa, Florida, as well as San Juan, Puerto Rico. The airline started flying on December 15, 2011.

As of November 2013, Silver Airways received $20,515,042 in annual federal subsidies for Essential Air Services that it provided to rural airports in the United States.

On June 11, 2025, Silver Airways ceased operations of all flights after selling its assets to Wexford Capital, who elected to discontinue operations of the airline.
Mark Allison
Mark Allison (born 6 December 1960 in Ayr, Queensland) is an Australian agricultural industry manager. He is a chief executive officer and managing director of Elders Limited and holds several other positions at the industry organizations.

Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority
The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) is the Australian Government statutory agency responsible for the management and regulation of all agricultural and veterinary chemical products in Australia.
Convex hull of a simple polygon
In discrete geometry and computational geometry, the convex hull of a simple polygon is the polygon of minimum perimeter that contains a given simple polygon. It is a special case of the more general concept of a convex hull. It can be computed in linear time, faster than algorithms for convex hulls of point sets.

The convex hull of a simple polygon can be subdivided into the given polygon itself and into polygonal pockets bounded by a polygonal chain of the polygon together with a single convex hull edge. Repeatedly reflecting an arbitrarily chosen pocket across this convex hull edge produces a sequence of larger simple polygons; according to the Erdős–Nagy theorem, this process eventually terminates with a convex polygon.

Discrete geometry
Discrete geometry and combinatorial geometry are branches of geometry that study combinatorial properties and constructive methods of discrete geometric objects.  Most questions in discrete geometry involve finite or discrete sets of basic geometric objects, such as points, lines, planes, circles, spheres, polygons, and so forth.  The subject focuses on the combinatorial properties of these objects, such as how they intersect one another, or how they may be arranged to cover a larger object.

Discrete geometry has a large overlap with convex geometry and computational geometry, and is closely related to subjects such as finite geometry, combinatorial optimization, digital geometry, discrete differential geometry, geometric graph theory, toric geometry, and combinatorial topology.
Julian S. Carr
Julian Shakespeare Carr (October 12, 1845 – April 29, 1924) was an American tobacco and textile industrialist best known for his work establishing "the first major brand-name [tobacco] product" Bull Durham Tobacco and pioneering the world's first international, mass-market advertising campaign.

He is only person to have served on the Board of Trustees for both Duke University and the University of North Carolina.

He is the namesake of Carrboro, North Carolina.

Mass marketing
Mass marketing is a marketing strategy in which a firm decides to ignore market segment differences and appeal to the whole market with one offer or one strategy, which supports the idea of broadcasting a message that will reach the largest number of people possible. Traditionally, mass marketing has focused on radio, television and newspapers as the media used to reach this broad audience. By reaching the largest audience possible, exposure to the product is maximized, and in theory this would directly correlate with a larger number of sales or buys into the product.

Mass marketing is the opposite of niche marketing, as it focuses on high sales and low prices and aims to provide products and services that will appeal to the whole market. Niche marketing targets a very specific segment of market; for example, specialized services or goods with few or no competitors.
Arthur Livingston
Arthur Livingston (September 30, 1883 in Northbridge, Massachusetts – 1944), was an American professor of Romance languages and literatures, translator, and publisher, who played a significant role in introducing a number of European writers to readers in the United States in the period between World War I and World War II.

Guglielmo Ferrero
Guglielmo Ferrero (Italian pronunciation: [ɡuʎˈʎɛlmo ferˈrɛːro]; 21 July 1871 — 3 August 1942) was an Italian historian, journalist and novelist, author of the Greatness and Decline of Rome (5 volumes, published after English translation 1907–1909) and The Gamble: Bonaparte in Italy, 1796-1797. Ferrero devoted his writings to classical liberalism, and he opposed any kind of dictatorship and unlimited government.
Chōjagahara temple ruins
Chōjagahara temple ruins (長者ヶ原廃寺跡, Chōjagahara Haiji) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a late Heian period Buddhist temple located in what is now the city of Ōshū, in northern Japan. The site was protected by the central government as a National Historic Site in the year 2002.

Northern Fujiwara
The Northern Fujiwara (奥州藤原氏 Ōshū Fujiwara-shi) were a Japanese noble family that ruled the Tōhoku region (the northeast of Honshū, also known as Ōshū) of Japan during the 12th century, 1094-1104, as their own realm.

They succeeded the semi-independent Emishi families of the 11th century, who were gradually brought down by the Minamoto clan loyal to the Imperial Court in Kyoto. They ruled over an independent region that derived its wealth from gold mining, horse trading, and serving as middlemen in the trade in luxury items from continental Asia and from the far northern Emishi. They were able to keep their independence vis-à-vis Kyoto by the strength of their warrior bands until they were ultimately conquered by the Kantō samurai clans led by Minamoto no Yoritomo, in the Battle of Ōshū in 1189.

The Northern Fujiwara clan was responsible for the construction and patronage of the historic sites of Hiraizumi, their seat of power, now designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Loren Hightower
Loren (Tex) Hightower (December 2, 1927 – November 7, 2017) was an American dancer who split his performing career between ballet and musical theatre. He was no relation to ballerina Rosella Hightower.

Originally from Belton, Texas, Hightower trained with Ted Shawn.  He danced principal roles with the Metropolitan Ballet, American Ballet Theatre, and the Agnes de Mille Dance Theatre; in addition, he performed regularly at the Metropolitan Opera.  Like many ballet dancers of the 1940s and 1950s, Hightower frequently supplemented his income by working in musical theatre, and his Broadway appearances include Peter Pan, 110 in the Shade, Camelot, Anyone Can Whistle, and Brigadoon.   He retired from performing in the late 1960s.

Hightower's credits as a choreographer include the ballets The Maids, An Idyll for Aphrodite, and Chips from a Crystal Ballroom, as well as Museum for the New York Shakespeare Festival.

For many years, Hightower taught dance at Adelphi University.

Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)
Shakespeare in the Park (or Free Shakespeare in the Park) is a theatrical program that stages productions of Shakespeare plays at the Delacorte Theater, an open-air theater in New York City's Central Park. The theater and the productions are managed by The Public Theater and tickets are distributed free of charge on the day of the performance. Originally branded as the New York Shakespeare Festival (NYSF) under the direction of Joseph Papp, the institution was renamed in 2002 as part of a larger reorganization by the Public Theater.