hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prevention of migraine attacks
Preventive (also called prophylactic) treatment of migraine can be an important component of migraine management. The goals of preventive therapy are to reduce the frequency, painfulness, and/or duration of migraine attacks, and to increase the effectiveness of abortive therapy.  Another reason to pursue prevention is to avoid medication overuse headache (MOH), otherwise known as rebound headache, which can arise from overuse of pain medications, and can result in chronic daily headache. Preventive treatments of migraine include medications, nutritional supplements, lifestyle alterations, and surgery. Prevention is recommended in those who have headaches more than two days a week, cannot tolerate the medications used to treat acute attacks, or those with severe attacks that are not easily controlled.

Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis is a method of synthesis of quantitative data from multiple independent studies addressing a common research question. An important part of this method involves computing a combined effect size across all of the studies. As such, this statistical approach involves extracting effect sizes and variance measures from various studies. By combining these effect sizes the statistical power is improved and can resolve uncertainties or discrepancies found in individual studies. Meta-analyses are integral in supporting research grant proposals, shaping treatment guidelines, and influencing health policies. They are also pivotal in summarizing existing research to guide future studies, thereby cementing their role as a fundamental methodology in metascience. Meta-analyses are often, but not always, important components of a systematic review.
Lugged steel frame construction
Lugged steel frame construction is a method of building bicycle frames using steel tubing mated with socket-like sleeves, called lugs.  For most of the bicycle's history, steel has been the primary material for bicycle frames, with lugged construction the primary assembling method.  Steel continues in use by builders of high-quality steel frames, though its dominance as a frame material has waned as, since the mid-1990s, it has been displaced largely by aluminum and carbon fiber; lugging has been displaced by TIG welding.

History of the bicycle
Vehicles that have two wheels and require balancing by the rider date back to the early 19th century. The first means of transport making use of two wheels arranged tandemly, and thus the archetype of the bicycle, was the German draisine dating back to 1817. The term bicycle was coined in France in the 1860s, and the descriptive title "penny-farthing", used to describe an "ordinary bicycle", is a 19th-century term.
Church of St Martin, Marple
The Church of St Martin is a 19th-century church in Marple, Greater Manchester, England (grid reference SJ963894).

It was designed by J. D. Sedding for Maria Anne Hudson (1819–1906), who lived in nearby Brabyns Hall, and was built between 1869 and 1870. The north chapel and aisle were added later by Henry Wilson, in 1895–96 and 1909 respectively. The stained glass in the windows in the chancel are by the Morris company with designs by Edward Burne-Jones, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Ford Madox Brown and William Morris. The organ from 1870 is by Henry Willis.

On 11 October 1985, it was designated a Grade II* listed building. To the rear is a former schoolroom and schoolmaster's house, now a parish hall and private house, designed by Sedding's brother Edmund Sedding and separately listed at Grade II.

Ford Madox Brown
Ford Madox Brown (16 April 1821 – 6 October 1893) was a British painter of moral and historical subjects, notable for his distinctively graphic and often Hogarthian version of the Pre-Raphaelite style. Arguably, his most notable painting was Work (1852–1865). Brown spent the latter years of his life painting the twelve works known as The Manchester Murals, depicting Mancunian history, for Manchester Town Hall.
Washington United for Marriage
Washington United for Marriage was a coalition of secular and religious organizations in Washington State involved in lobbying the State Legislature to provide marriage for same-sex couples. The organization was founded in 2011, and formed to secure passage of a bill in the Washington legislature calling for same-sex marriage, and to then defend such a measure should a statewide referendum be launched to challenge it. Members of the coalition include Equal Rights Washington, the Human Rights Campaign, and the American Civil Liberties Union. Within 24 hours of having been publicly launched, the coalition had secured an endorsement for same-sex marriage in Washington from the editorial board of the Seattle Times.

Human Rights Campaign
The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is an American LGBTQ advocacy group. It is the largest LGBTQ political lobbying organization within the United States. Based in Washington, D.C., the organization focuses on protecting and expanding rights for LGBTQ individuals, including advocating for same-sex marriage, anti-discrimination and hate crimes legislation, and HIV/AIDS advocacy. The organization has a number of legislative initiatives as well as supporting resources for LGBTQ individuals.
German Tower, Lima
The German Tower (Spanish: Torre Alemana), also known as the Clock Tower (Spanish: Torre del Reloj) or the University Clock (Spanish: Reloj Universitario), is a clock tower in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. It is located in front of the Casona de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, in the University Park at the intersection of Abancay and Nicolás de Piérola avenues. It was donated in 1921 by the German community in Lima, on the occasion of the Centennial of the Independence of Peru. At twelve in the day and at six in the afternoon, its chimes played the first stanza of the National Anthem of Peru.

National Anthem of Peru
The "National Anthem of Peru", also known as the "National March of Peru" and "We Are Free", was adopted in 1821. The music was composed by José Bernardo Alcedo, and the lyrics were written by José de la Torre Ugarte.
Manor of Buckland Filleigh
The manor of Buckland Filleigh was a manor in the parish of Buckland Filleigh in North Devon, England. Mentioned in the Domesday Book, the manor and its estates passed through several families, including over 300 years owned by the Fortescues.

Buckland Filleigh
Buckland Filleigh is a village, civil parish and former manor in the Torridge district of North Devon, England, situated about 8 miles south of the town of Great Torrington.  According to the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 170. It is surrounded clockwise from the north by the parishes of Peters Marland, Petrockstowe, Highampton, Sheepwash and Shebbear.

Within the parish is the manor house known as Buckland House, damaged by fire in 1798 and rebuilt in 1810 in the neo-classical style by John Inglett Fortescue (1758–1841) to the designs of the architect James Green.
ExoRehabilitation
ExoRehabilitation is a combination of physical exercise with exoskeletons with other rehabilitation methods, such as physiotherapy, which leads to the improvement of health in general, and the ability to walk, in particular. It is not only a restorative process, but also social and emotional integration of people with locomotor disorders. At the core of ExoRehabilitation lies combined application of medical exoskeleton with other methods, such as exercise therapy or physiotherapy.

ExoRehabilitation increases muscle strength and stamina, improves stability and functional balance, reduces spasticity, normalizes blood pressure, aids digestion and urination. The patients' psychological state goes through notably positive changes: thanks to the social aspect of rehabilitation the level of depression is reduced, they feel more self-assured about the future and realize that they are not limited by their condition.

Urination
Urination is the release of urine from the bladder through the urethra in placental mammals,: 38, 364  or through the cloaca in other vertebrates. It is the urinary system's form of excretion. It is also known medically as micturition, voiding, uresis, or, rarely, emiction, and known colloquially by various names including peeing, weeing, pissing, and euphemistically number one. The process of urination is under voluntary control in healthy humans and other animals, but may occur as a reflex in infants, some elderly individuals, and those with neurological injury. It is normal for adult humans to urinate up to seven times during the day.

In some animals, in addition to expelling waste material, urination can mark territory or express submissiveness. Physiologically, urination involves coordination between the central, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems. Brain centres that regulate urination include the pontine micturition center, periaqueductal gray, and the cerebral cortex.
The Stonemason ostracon
The Stonemason Ostracon is a figured-limestone ostracon from the Ramesside period of Ancient Egypt, 19–20th Dynasties.

The figured-ostracon is made in outline form with black and (faint)-red paint-(ink). It is a sketchpad ostracon, as sections of red lines remain unfilled, as well as finalized black lines show adjacent to the faint reds. Minor sections of a red frame line remain.

The unflattering figured-character of the stonemason is bald, paunched, with facial stubble, in a leaning-over, and awkward pose. It is a caricature scene, as in a cartoon. The Stonemason is holding his chisel in his left hand and his wooden Egyptian mallet in his right hand.

Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX), also known as the Ramessid  dynasty, is classified as the second Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1292 BC to 1189 BC. The 19th Dynasty and the 20th Dynasty furthermore together constitute an era known as the Ramesside period. This Dynasty was founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne.
Anatrisauropus
Anatrisauropus is an ichnogenus of dinosaur footprint, possibly belonging to a saurischian. It has only been discovered in Lesotho (Molteno Formation and Karoo Basin). Three ichnospecies are known: A. camisardi, A. ginsburgi and A. hereroensis; all of which were named by Paul Ellenberger between 1965 and 1972.

Saurischia
Saurischia (/sɔːˈrɪskiə/ saw-RIS-kee-ə, meaning "reptile-hipped" from the Greek sauros (σαῦρος) meaning 'lizard' and ischion (ἴσχιον) meaning 'hip joint') is one of the two basic divisions of dinosaurs (the other being Ornithischia), classified by their hip structure. Saurischia and Ornithischia were originally called orders by Harry Seeley in 1888, though today most paleontologists classify Saurischia as an unranked clade rather than an order.
Echium vulgare
Echium vulgare, known as viper's bugloss and blueweed, is a species of flowering plant in the borage family Boraginaceae. It is native to most of Europe and western and central Asia and it occurs as an introduced species in north-eastern North America, south-western South America and the South and North Island of New Zealand. If eaten, the plant is toxic to horses and cattle through the accumulation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the liver.

The plant root was used in ancient times as a treatment for snake or viper bites. According to the Doctrine of signatures, plants were thought to have traits (in this case a speckled stem reminiscent of snake skin, and flowers like an open viper's mouth) that mirror the ailment they treat.

Root
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the surface of the soil, but roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water.
Andrey Sazanov
Andrey Sazanov (born 25 January 1994) is a road and track cyclist from Russia. As a junior and under-23 rider he won several medals at the European Track Championships In 2015 he won as an elite the silver medal in the madison at the 2015 UEC European Track Championships  in Grenchen, Switzerland. On the road he won the third stage in the 2013 Baltic Chain Tour. He rode with the GM Cycling Team in 2015.

2013 Baltic Chain Tour
The 2013 Baltic Chain Tour was the third edition of the Baltic Chain Tour road cycling race. It was held over a period of six days between 19 and 25 May 2013. The race was a part of the 2013 UCI Europe Tour with a race classification of 2.2. General classification was won by German cyclist Philipp Walsleben of BKCP–Powerplus.
Alcoa High School
Alcoa High School is a 9-12 public high school located in Alcoa, Tennessee. It is the only high school in the Alcoa City Schools system. Recently moved into the NEW Alcoa High School. It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is a regional educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. As of 2022, the organization oversees approximately 750 public and private degree-granting educational institutions in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and educational institutions for U.S. students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.
DF-41
The Dongfeng-41 or DF-41 (simplified Chinese: 东风-41; traditional Chinese: 東風-41; lit. 'East Wind-41'; NATO reporting name: CH-SS-20; previously reported as CSS-10) is a fourth-generation Chinese solid-fuelled road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missile operated by the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (formerly the Second Artillery Corps). DF-41 is the fourth generation of the Dongfeng series strategic missiles developed by China.  The missile was officially unveiled at the China National Day military parade on 1 October 2019.

Solid fuel
Solid fuel refers to various forms of solid material that can be burnt to release energy, providing heat and light through the process of combustion. Solid fuels can be contrasted with liquid fuels and gaseous fuels. Common examples of solid fuels include wood, charcoal, peat, coal, hexamine fuel tablets, dry dung, wood pellets, corn, wheat, rice, rye, and other grains. Solid fuels are extensively used in rocketry as solid propellants. Solid fuels have been used throughout human history to create fire and solid fuel is still in widespread use throughout the world in the present day.

Solid fuel from biomass is regarded as a renewable energy source which can contribute to climate change mitigation efforts. Solid fuel from fossil fuels (i.e. coal) is not a renewable energy.
1938 Baltic Cup
The 1938 Baltic Cup was held in Tallinn, Estonia at Kadrioru staadion on 3–5 September 1938. It was the tenth edition of the tournament and the last one before the Soviet occupation of the three Baltic countries. Estonia won the tournament with a win over Lithuania and a draw against Latvia.

Military occupations by the Soviet Union
During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied and annexed several countries allocated to it in the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939. These included the eastern regions of Poland (incorporated into three different SSRs), as well as Latvia (became Latvian SSR), Estonia (became Estonian SSR), Lithuania (became Lithuanian SSR), part of eastern Finland (became Karelo-Finnish SSR) and eastern Romania (became the Moldavian SSR and part of Ukrainian SSR). Apart from the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and post-war division of Germany, the Soviets also occupied and annexed Carpathian Ruthenia from Czechoslovakia in 1945 (became part of Ukrainian SSR). These occupations lasted until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1990 and 1991.

Below is a list of various forms of military occupations by the Soviet Union resulting from both the Soviet pact with Nazi Germany (ahead of World War II), and the ensuing Cold War in the aftermath of Allied victory over Germany.
1986 Paine Webber Classic – Doubles
Ken Flach and Robert Seguso were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Peter Doohan and Paul McNamee.

Andrés Gómez and Ivan Lendl won in the final 7–5, 6–4 against Doohan and McNamee.

Andrés Gómez
Andrés Gómez Santos (Latin American Spanish: [anˈdɾes ˈɣomes ˈsantos]; born 27 February 1960) is an Ecuadorian former professional tennis player. He was ranked as high as world No. 4 in singles and world No. 1 in doubles. Gómez won 21 singles titles and 33 doubles titles during his career, including a singles major at the 1990 French Open, and two doubles majors at the 1986 US Open and the 1988 French Open.

Andrés Gómez is the current director of the Guayaquil Challenger and the former director of the Salinas Challenger.
Annihilation (soundtrack)
Annihilation (Music from the Motion Picture) is the soundtrack to the 2018 science fiction film Annihilation, directed by Alex Garland. The film score is composed by Ben Salisbury and Geoff Barrow and released through Lakeshore Records in the United States, and Invada Records in the United Kingdom on February 23, 2018.

Annihilation (film)
Annihilation is a 2018 science fiction cosmic horror film written and directed by Alex Garland, loosely based on the 2014 novel by Jeff VanderMeer. It stars Natalie Portman, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Gina Rodriguez, Tessa Thompson, Tuva Novotny, and Oscar Isaac. The story follows a group of scientists who enter the Shimmer, a mysterious quarantined zone of mutating plants and animals caused by an alien presence. The movie is a co-production between the United Kingdom and the United States.

Released theatrically in the United States by Paramount Pictures on February 23, 2018, Annihilation was released digitally by Netflix in a number of other countries on March 12, 2018. It received largely positive reviews from critics and grossed $43 million worldwide. According to Empire magazine, the film addresses "depression, grief, and the human propensity for self-destruction."
Clark Hamilton
Clark Alexander Hamilton (February 26, 1899 –  April 22, 1980) was an American politician from Malad City, Idaho. He was the Democratic Party  nominee for Governor of Idaho in 1954. Hamilton was defeated by Republican Attorney General Robert E. Smylie.

Hamilton was a member of the Idaho Legislature, serving in the Idaho Senate from 1949 to 1954.

He died in Malheur County, Oregon, in 1980, age 81.

Malad City, Idaho
Malad City (also commonly known as Malad) is the only city in and the county seat of Oneida County, Idaho, United States. In 2020 the population was 2,299 people.

The city is named after the nearby Malad River, the name being French for "sickly". Malad City is located along Interstate 15 on the east side of the Malad Valley 13 miles (21 km) from the Utah/Idaho border.
The Muses (painting)
The Muses is a 1578 painting by Tintoretto showing the Muses from Greek mythology.

It is recorded in the inventory of the collection of Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua in 1627 as hanging alongside Esther Before Ahasuerus in a passage in the Palazzo Ducale in Mantua. It was acquired from the Gonzagas by Charles I of Great Britain. On his execution it was valued at £80 and sold, before being reacquired by the royal family on the Restoration. It now hangs in Kensington Palace.

Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua
Guglielmo Gonzaga (24 April 1538 – 14 August 1587) was Duke of Mantua from 1550 to 1587, and of Montferrat from 1574 to 1587. He was the second son of Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Margaret Palaeologina of Montferrat. In 1574, Montferrat was elevated to a Duchy and Guglielmo became its first duke. He was succeeded as Duke of both duchies by his son Vincenzo.
Wahbanosay
Chief Wahbanosay (Waabanose in the Fiero spelling, Waubuno as spelt by Jones) (fl. 1778 - d. 1806) was a Mississaugas chief of the Eagle doodem, in the Burlington, Ontario area. His Ojibwe name is translated as "Walks in the Dawn" or "Morning Light".

Anishinaabe clan system
The Anishinaabe, like most Algonquian-speaking groups in North America, base their system of kinship on clans or totems. The Ojibwe word for clan (doodem) was borrowed into English as totem. The clans, based mainly on animals, were instrumental in traditional occupations, intertribal relations, and marriages. Today, the clan remains an important part of Anishinaabe identity. Each clan is forbidden from harming its representation animal by any means, as it is a bad omen to do so.
Trail Glacier
Trail Glacier (73°34′S 61°35′E﻿ / ﻿73.567°S 61.583°E﻿ / -73.567; 61.583) is a broken mountain glacier on the southern side of Mount Menzies, about 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) from the summit. It is about 5 nautical miles (9 km) long and 3 nautical miles (6 km) wide. The glacier flows from a snowfield at about 2,750 m down a steep slope for at least 900 m vertically, then spreads out and merges with the ice sheet a few mi from the south side of the mountain. Mapped from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) air photos and surveys of the Prince Charles Mountains, 1960–61. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for D.S. Trail, geologist who led an ANARE field party to this feature in December 1961.

Prince Charles Mountains
The Prince Charles Mountains are a major group of mountains in Mac. Robertson Land in Antarctica, including the Athos Range, the Porthos Range, and the Aramis Range. The highest peak is Mount Menzies, with a height of 3,228 m (10,591 ft). Other prominent peaks are Mount Izabelle and Mount Stinear (1,950 m; 6,400 ft). These mountains, together with other scattered peaks, form an arc about 420 km (260 mi) long, extending from the vicinity of Mount Starlight in the north to Goodspeed Nunataks in the south.

These mountains were first observed and photographed from a distance by airmen of USN Operation Highjump, 1946–47. They were examined by several ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) parties and mapped in the years 1954–61. They have been found to contain large deposits of iron ore. They were named by ANCA in 1956 for King Charles III, then the eight-year-old Prince Charles and son of the late Queen Elizabeth II.
Mahesh, Serampore
Mahesh (Bengali: মাহেশ) is a residential area and a historical neighbourhood in Serampore of Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).

It is the site of a 14th-century temple of Jagannath, and the Rathayatra of Mahesh, which first took place in 1397, and is the second oldest in India.

Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority
Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) is the statutory planning and development authority for the Kolkata metropolitan area in the Indian state of West Bengal. The organisation was known as Calcutta Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) and retains its previous logo. KMDA is functioning under the administrative control of Department of Urban Development and Municipal Affairs of Government of West Bengal.