hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Koenigsberger ratio
The Koenigsberger ratio is the proportion of remanent magnetization relative to induced magnetization in natural rocks. It was first described by J.G. Koenigsberger. It is a dimensionless parameter often used in geophysical exploration to describe the magnetic characteristics of a geological body for help in interpreting magnetic anomaly patterns.

The total magnetization of a rock is the sum of its natural remanent magnetization and the magnetization induced by the ambient geomagnetic field. Thus, a Koenigsberger ratio, Q, greater than 1 indicates that the remanence properties contribute the majority of the total magnetization of the rock.

Exploration geophysics
Exploration geophysics is an applied branch of geophysics and economic geology, which uses physical methods at the surface of the Earth, such as seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic, to measure the physical properties of the subsurface, along with the anomalies in those properties. It is most often used to detect or infer the presence and position of economically useful geological deposits, such as ore minerals; fossil fuels and other hydrocarbons; geothermal reservoirs; and groundwater reservoirs. It can also be used to detect the presence of unexploded ordnance.

Exploration geophysics can be used to directly detect the target style of mineralization by measuring its physical properties directly. For example, one may measure the density contrasts between the dense iron ore and the lighter silicate host rock, or one may measure the electrical conductivity contrast between conductive sulfide minerals and the resistive silicate host rock.
Communist Party of Albania (1991)
The Communist Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Komuniste e Shqipërisë, PKSh) is an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist communist party in Albania. The party was formed in 1991, as a split from the Party of Labour of Albania, which converted itself into the Socialist Party of Albania. It upholds Enver Hoxha and Hoxhaism. The party was led by Hysni Milloshi until he died in 2012.

Nexhmije Hoxha, Enver Hoxha's wife, was a member of the party.

Hoxhaism
Hoxhaism (UK: /ˈhɒdʒə.ɪzəm/ HOJ-ə-iz-əm, US: /ˈhɔːdʒ-/ HAWJ-) is a variant of Marxism–Leninism developed in the late 1970s as a result of a schism in the anti-revisionist movement, namely between the Chinese Communist Party and the Party of Labour of Albania. The ideological dispute between the two parties brought about the Sino-Albanian split. The ideology is named after Enver Hoxha, the first secretary of the Party of Labour from 1941 to 1985 and leader of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1944 to 1985.

The term Hoxhaism is rarely used by the organizations associated with it, as they view Hoxha's theoretical contributions to Marxism–Leninism as an augmentation of anti-revisionism rather than a distinct ideology. Hoxhaists typically identify themselves with Marxism–Leninism or Stalinism.
Williams-Cangie WC-1 Sundancer
The Williams-Cangie WC-1 Sundancer is an American homebuilt biplane racing aircraft that was designed by Art Williams and Carl Cangie and built by Ralph Thenhaus in 1974. Plans were at one time available from Williams' company, the Williams Aircraft Design Company of Northridge, California. Only one was built.

Northridge, Los Angeles
Northridge is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of the City of Los Angeles. The community is home to California State University, Northridge, and the Northridge Fashion Center.

Originally named Zelzah by settlers in 1908, the community was renamed North Los Angeles in 1929 but the appellation sometimes caused confusion between North Hollywood and Los Angeles. In 1938, civic leader Carl S. Dentzel decided to rename the community to Northridge Village, which morphed into modern-day Northridge.

The Northridge area can trace its history back to the Tongva people and later to Spanish explorers. It was sold by the Mexican governor Pío Pico to Eulogio de Celis, whose heirs divided it for resale.
Chapter Dos: On the Verge
Chapter Dos: On the Verge is Xtreme's fourth bachata album. The album contained five new tracks, including the single "Vuelve". It also included two singles that peaked on the Billboard Tropical Airplay Chart, "Baby, Baby" which peaked at number 34, and "Devuélveme La Navidad" featuring Carlos & Alejandra which peaked at number 37. The album also contains 10 tracks from Chapter Dos, and the single "Shorty, Shorty" from Haciendo Historia. This album was either a sequel or a remake of the Chapter Dos album. On the Verge was a reality show that aired on Mun2 in 2009. The album is probably based on the reality show and the previous album.

Shorty, Shorty
"Shorty, Shorty" is a song by American duo Xtreme. It served as the first single for their second album, Haciendo Historia (2006). It is considered their most successful song to this day. It peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart. It also peaked at number one on the Billboard Tropical Airplay chart. They also recorded a fully Spanish Pop version and a remix version which were added as bonus tracks for the second album. The pop version was also added to the Platinum Edition of the album that was released in 2007 along with an English version of the song.
St. Ubaldesca Church
The St. Ubaldesca Church (Maltese: Knisja ta' Sant'Ubaldeska) is a 17th-century Catholic church built during the Order of St. John in Paola, Malta. The baroque building is a historic landmark, being the oldest church established in the locality and is listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands (NICPMI).

Landmark
A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances.

In modern-day use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features that have become local or national symbols.
AN/ALE-47
The AN/ALE-47 airborne countermeasures dispenser is used to protect military aircraft from incoming radar and infrared homing missiles. It works by dispensing flares or chaff from a large variety of military aircraft.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/ALE-47" designation represents the 47th design of an Army – Navy airborne electronic device for countermeasures ejection equipment. The JETDS system is now also used to name all Department of Defense and some NATO electronic systems.

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
Bunjevčević
Bunjevčević is a Serbian and Croatian surname, derived from the demonym Bunjevci. Notable people with the surname include:

Goran Bunjevčević (1973–2018), former Serbian footballer

Mirko Bunjevčević (born 1978), Serbian footballer

Goran Bunjevčević
Goran Bunjevčević (Serbian Cyrillic: Горан Буњевчевић, pronounced [ɡǒran buɲêʋtʃeʋitɕ]; 17 February 1973 – 28 June 2018) was a Serbian footballer who played as a defender in Serbia, England and the Netherlands.
Mark, Don & Terry: 1966–67
Mark, Don & Terry: 1966–67 is a November 1972 2-LP set compilation album by the American garage rock band Terry Knight and the Pack released on ABKCO Records in an effort to cash in on the March 1972 Capitol Records double album Mark, Don & Mel: 1969–71 by Grand Funk Railroad. The album has a plain blue cover with green lettering similar to that of the plain black cover with red lettering of the earlier Grand Funk Railroad release. Mark Farner and Don Brewer from Grand Funk had been in Terry Knight and The Pack with Terry Knight, who then managed them until 1972. Knight also managed the Ft. Worth Texas group Bloodrock until mid 1971.

Bloodrock
Bloodrock was an American rock band based in Fort Worth, Texas, that had some success in the 1970s. The band emerged from the Fort Worth club and music scene during the early to mid-1970s. The band broke out with their eponymously titled album in 1970, which reached No. 160 in the US. They continued to release albums and singles until their breakup in 1974, in total having six studio albums, 2 live albums and 8 singles, one of which charted.
2012 Copa Bionaire – Doubles
Irina-Camelia Begu and Elena Bogdan were the defending champions, but both chose not to participate.

Karin Knapp and Mandy Minella won the tournament, defeating Alexandra Cadanțu and Raluca Olaru in the final, 6–4, 6–3.

Alexandra Cadanțu-Ignatik
Alexandra Cadanțu-Ignatik (née Cadanțu; born 3 May 1990) is a Romanian former professional tennis player.

On 6 January 2014, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 59. Her best doubles ranking by the WTA is No. 101, achieved on 11 June 2012.

At Grand Slam tournaments, Cadanțu-Ignatik won only one (main-draw) match, at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships. Usually, she was playing on the ITF Circuit.

In July 2021, Alexandra changed her name to Cadanțu-Ignatik, after marrying fellow tennis player Uladzimir Ignatik.
IRIS Hengam
IRIS Hengam (Persian: هنگام) is the lead ship of the Hengam-class landing ship. Its hull classification is Landing Ship Heavy. The ship was built in 1974 by the Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited and is operated by the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy. The ship is named after a namesake island inside Iranian territorial waters, namely Hengam Island. It is operated by the southern fleet and its home port is Bandar Abbas.

Namesake
A namesake is a person, place, or thing bearing the name of another. Most commonly, it refers to an individual who is purposely named after another (e.g. John F. Kennedy Jr would be the namesake of John F. Kennedy). In common parlance, it may mean vice-versa (i.e. referring to the entity for which the second entity is named); in such a case, however, the proper term would be "eponym."
Mitchell River (Victoria)
The Mitchell River is a perennial river of the East Gippsland catchment, located in the Australian state of Victoria. The unregulated river provides a unique example of riparian ecology, flowing generally south with the catchment area drawing from the steep mountains of the Victorian Alps to enter Lake King, one of the Gippsland Lakes, and then empty into the Bass Strait.

Gunaikurnai language
The Gunaikurnai or Gunai/Kurnai (/ˈɡʌnaɪkɜːrnaɪ/ GUN-eye-kur-nye) language, also spelt Gunnai, Kurnai, Ganai, Gaanay, or Kurnay /ˈkɜːrnaɪ/ KUR-nye) is an Australian Aboriginal dialect cluster of the Gunaikurnai people in Gippsland in south-east Victoria.  Bidawal was either a divergent dialect or a closely related language.
Lupareve
Lupareve (Ukrainian: Лупареве; Russian: Лупарево) is a village in Mykolaiv Raion (district) in Mykolaiv Oblast of southern Ukraine, at about 24.6 kilometres (15.3 mi) south by west from the centre of Mykolaiv city. It belongs to Halytsynove rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Lupareve belonged to Vitovka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Mykolaiv Oblast to four. The area of Vitovka Raion was merged into Mykolaiv Raion.

The village came under attack by Russian forces in 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Southern front of the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
On 24 February 2022, the Russian military invaded Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine  from Russian-occupied Crimea, quickly entering Mykolaiv Oblast and Zaporizhzhia Oblast amid battles with the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Elements from the southern Russian offensive joined forces with elements advancing from the Donbas to jointly surround and bombard the city of Mariupol in Donetsk Oblast, which fell after months of siege.

Kherson was surrounded two days into the war, after which Russian forces advanced to the outskirts of Mykolaiv, which they failed to capture. The front then stabilised until a Ukrainian offensive in August. Ukrainian forces retook all of the territory west and north of the Dnieper river, and the front stabilised again just south of Kherson in November 2022. Kherson, the only oblast capital captured by Russia after its 2022 invasion, was liberated on 11 November.
Vanai, Kermanshah
Vanai (Persian: ونايي, also Romanized as Vanā'ī; also known as Vānī and Wanāī) is a village in Howmeh-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 692, in 157 families.

Eslamabad-e Gharb County
Eslamabad-e Gharb County (Persian: شهرستان اسلام‌آباد غرب) or Shahabad- Ghrb County (Persian: شهرستان شاه‌آباد غرب) is in Kermanshah Province, Iran, part of what is unofficially referred to as Iranian Kurdistan. Its capital is the city of Eslamabad-e Gharb.
Yiḥyah Qafiḥ
Yiḥyah Qafiḥ (Hebrew: רבי יחיא בן שלמה קאפח; Arabic: يحيى القافح also known as Yiḥyah ibn Shalomo el Qafiḥ and as Yahya Kapach (his Hebrew name)) (1850–1931), known also as "Ha-Yashish" (English: "the Elder"), served as the Chief Rabbi of Sana'a, Yemen in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He was one of the foremost rabbinical scholars in Sana'a during that period, and an advocate of reforms in Jewish education. He was also learned in astronomy, and  rabbinic astrology and Jewish classical literature.

Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler
Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler (Hebrew: אליהו אליעזר דסלר; 1892 – 31 December 1953) was an Orthodox rabbi, Talmudic scholar, and Jewish philosopher of the 20th century. He is best known for being the mashgiach ruchani ("spiritual counselor") of the Ponevezh yeshiva in Israel and through collections of his writings published posthumously by his pupils.
Ayalaan (soundtrack)
Ayalaan is the soundtrack to the 2024 Tamil-language science fiction film of the same name directed by R. Ravikumar, starring Sivakarthikeyan, Rakul Preet Singh, Sharad Kelkar, and Isha Koppikar. It was produced by KJR Studios and PhantomFX Studios. The film's soundtrack featured five songs composed by A. R. Rahman and lyrics written by Vivek, Madhan Karky, Krithika Nelson, thoughtsfornow, Sivakarthikeyan and Rahman themselves. The soundtrack was released on 9 January 2024 through Sony Music India.

Rakul Preet Singh
Rakul Preet Singh (born 10 October 1990) is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Telugu, Hindi and Tamil films. Singh is a recipient of several accolades including a SIIMA Award, in addition to four nominations at the Filmfare Awards South.

Singh started her career as a model and made her acting debut with the Kannada film Gilli (2009). Singh received Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu nominations for her performance in Venkatadri Express (2013), Loukyam (2014), Nannaku Prematho (2016) and Rarandoi Veduka Chudham (2017). She then appeared in commercial successes: Pandaga Chesko (2015), Sarrainodu (2016), Dhruva (2016), Spyder (2017), Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru (2017) and Ayalaan (2024). Singh expanded to Hindi films with Yaariyan (2014). She has since appeared in De De Pyaar De (2019), Runway 34 (2022) and Doctor G (2022).

Alongside her acting career, Singh is a celebrity endorser for several brands. She is married to actor–producer Jackky Bhagnani.
Persistence hunting
Persistence hunting, also known as endurance hunting or long-distance hunting, is a variant of pursuit predation in which a predator will bring down a prey item via indirect means, such as exhaustion, heat illness or injury. Hunters of this type will typically display adaptions for distance running, such as longer legs, temperature regulation, and specialized cardiovascular systems.

Some endurance hunters may prefer to injure prey in an ambush before the hunt and rely on tracking to find their quarry. Hadza hunter-gatherers do not persistence hunt, but they do run in short bursts while hunting small game.

Monitor lizard
Monitor lizards are lizards in the genus Varanus, the only extant genus in the family Varanidae. They are native to Africa, Asia, and Oceania, and one species is also found in the southern United States as an invasive species.  About 94 species are recognized.

Monitor lizards have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and well-developed limbs. The adult length of extant species ranges from 20 cm (7.9 in) in some species such as Varanus sparnus, to over 3 m (10 ft) in the case of the Komodo dragon, though the extinct megalania (Varanus priscus) may have reached lengths of more than 7 m (23 ft). Most monitor species are terrestrial, but many are also arboreal or semiaquatic. While most monitor lizards are carnivorous, eating smaller reptiles, fish, birds, insects, small mammals, and eggs, a few species also eat fruit and vegetation.
Freak In
Freak In is the 20th album by trumpeter Dave Douglas. It was released on the RCA Bluebird label in 2003 and features performances by Douglas, Jamie Saft, Marc Ribot, Karsh Kale, Joey Baron, Romero Lubambo, Brad Jones, Ikue Mori, Seamus Blake, Chris Speed, Craig Taborn, Michael Sarin, with Stephanie Stone contributing vocals on one track.

Following his post-bop effort Infinite (2002), Freak In saw Douglas move into an abstract electronic jazz direction, arranging tunes and sound collages from his sextet using computer software with Saft. The album features "early electro-acoustic experimentation". The jazz sound is accompanied by Kale's tabla beats, Mori's "weird sounds" and Ribot's avant-garde guitar work.

Sound collage
In music, montage (literally "putting together") or sound collage ("gluing together") is a technique where newly branded sound objects or compositions, including songs, are created from collage, also known as musique concrète. This is often done through the use of sampling, while some sound collages are produced by gluing together sectors of different vinyl records. Like its visual cousin, sound collage works may have a completely different effect than that of the component parts, even if the original parts are recognizable or from a single source. Audio collage was a feature of the audio art of John Cage, Fluxus, postmodern hip-hop and postconceptual digital art.
2022 Forlì Open – Doubles
This was the inaugural edition of the doubles competition of the 2022 Forlì Open tennis tournament.

Nicolás Barrientos and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela won the title after defeating Sadio Doumbia and Fabien Reboul 7–5, 4–6, [10–4] in the final.

Nicolás Barrientos
Nicolás Barrientos (Spanish pronunciation: [nikoˈlas βaˈrjentos]; born 24 April 1987) is a Colombian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He reached his highest ATP doubles ranking of world No. 47 on 23 April 2024 and a singles ranking of No. 237 on 21 September 2015.
Barrientos has won two ATP Tour doubles titles, including the 2024 Rio Open with Rafael Matos, and 21 titles on the ATP Challenger Tour.
American Rocketry Challenge
The American Rocketry Challenge is an annual American model rocketry competition for students in grades six to 12 sponsored by the Aerospace Industries Association and the National Association of Rocketry.  Co-sponsors include NASA, United States Department of Defense, the American Association of Physics Teachers and the Civil Air Patrol. Previously known as the "Team America Rocketry Challenge," the name was changed following the 2019 event.

The event receives local and national media coverage and usually draws well-known representatives of the Defense Department, NASA, the FAA, and other government agencies. Past National Fly-Offs have been attended by United States Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin, Rocket Boys author Homer Hickam, former NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe, U.S. Senator Mike Enzi, and former NASA Administrator, Charles Bolden.

The 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017 International Fly-Offs were won by the American winners of TARC.

Homer Hickam
Homer Hadley Hickam Jr. (born February 19, 1943) is an American author, Vietnam War veteran, and a former NASA engineer who trained the first Japanese astronauts. His 1998 memoir Rocket Boys (also published as October Sky) was a New York Times Best Seller and was the basis for the 1999 film October Sky. Hickam's body of written work also includes several additional best-selling memoirs and novels, including the "Josh Thurlow" historical fiction novels, his 2015 best-selling Carrying Albert Home: The Somewhat True Story of a Man, his Wife, and her Alligator and in 2021 the sequel to Rocket Boys titled Don't Blow Yourself Up: The Further Adventures and Travails of the Rocket Boy of October Sky. His books have been translated into many languages.
Giga (instrument)
The giga was a type of bowed lyre that was very popular, especially in Norway, but also common in England, Iceland and Denmark. It is considered to be extinct; however, there are some reconstruction projects. The name does not originate from Latin, but rather derives from an Old Norse word meaning "to vibrate", "to move in a fast way". This term is also the origin of the name of the dance called Jig, which is very common in Northern Europe, especially in the UK and Ireland.

Jig
The jig (Irish: port, Scottish Gaelic: port-cruinn) is a form of lively folk dance in compound metre, as well as the accompanying dance tune. It first gained popularity across the British Isles in the 16th-century, and was adopted on mainland Europe where it eventually became the final movement of the mature Baroque dance suite (the French gigue; Italian and Spanish giga). Today it is most associated with Irish dance music, Scottish country dance, French Canadian traditional music and dance and the Métis people in Canada. Jigs were originally in quadruple compound metre, (e.g., 128 time), but have been adapted to a variety of time signatures, by which they are often classified into groups, including double jigs (68), slip jigs (98) and single jigs (128).
Middlebrook Schools
The Middlebrook Schools are a pair of historic public school buildings located at Middlebrook, Augusta County, Virginia. The original school building was built in 1916 and expanded in 1919.  A separate high school was built adjacent to it in 1922–1923, and an agriculture shop building was added in the 1930s.  The original school is an L-shaped, two-story  building consisting of two front rooms and a south ell room, with a one-room plan, two-story addition creating a square plan.  It has a hipped roof and vernacular Colonial Revival style entrance.  The interior also reflects the Colonial Revival style. The school closed in 1967.

Both buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Augusta County, Virginia
Augusta County is a county in the Shenandoah Valley on the western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The second-largest county of Virginia by total area, it completely surrounds the independent cities of Staunton and Waynesboro. Its county seat is Staunton, but most of the administrative services have offices in neighboring Verona.

The county was created in 1738 from part of Orange County and was named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. It was originally a huge area, but many of its parts were carved out to form other counties and several states until the current borders were finalized in 1790.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 77,487. Along with Staunton and Waynesboro, it forms the Staunton–Waynesboro, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area.