hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emma L. Bowen
Emma L. Bowen was a community activist in community health care and fair media. She was an advocate for the disenfranchised and vulnerable. She was one of the co-founders of Black Citizens For Fair Media (BCFM).

Disfranchisement
Disfranchisement, also disenfranchisement (which has become more common since 1982) or voter disqualification, is the restriction of suffrage (the right to vote) of a person or group of people, or a practice that has the effect of preventing someone from exercising the right to vote. Disfranchisement can also refer to the revocation of power or control of a particular individual, community, or being to the natural amenity they have; that is to deprive of a franchise, of a legal right, of some privilege or inherent immunity. Disfranchisement may be accomplished explicitly by law or implicitly through requirements applied in a discriminatory fashion, through intimidation, or by placing unreasonable requirements on voters for registration or voting.
High barriers to entry to the political competition can disenfranchise political movements.
Bond scheme (housing)
In the United Kingdom a bond scheme is an alternative to a landlord taking a deposit from their tenant(s). They are usually run by councils, housing associations or charities and operate with the scheme operator guaranteeing any losses the landlord suffers due to the damage by the tenant(s).

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.
Drawdown (book)
Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming is a 2017 book created, written, and edited by Paul Hawken about climate change mitigation. Other writers include Katharine Wilkinson, and the foreword was written by (hardback edition) Tom Steyer and (paperback) Prince Charles.

The book describes solutions arranged in order by broad categories: energy, food, women and girls, buildings and cities, land use, transport, materials, and "coming attractions". The book provides a list of 100 potential solutions and ranks them by the potential amount of greenhouse gases each could cut, with cost estimates and short descriptions.

The Guardian notes that the author has had influence in corporate sustainability efforts and that companies such as Interface and Autodesk have backed the project. It was intended that the book be supplemented with an online database, Project Drawdown, which was to compile the numerous types of solutions.

Tom Steyer
Thomas Fahr Steyer (/ˈstaɪ.ər/; born June 27, 1957) is an American billionaire, entrepreneur, and environmentalist. A member of the Democratic Party, Steyer is the founder and former co-senior managing partner of Farallon Capital.

Born in New York City, Steyer graduated from Yale University and Stanford University.  After retiring from Farallon in 2012, Steyer founded NextGen America (a political action committee) and resigned from NextGen after announcing his presidential bid in 2019.

Steyer sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2020, but dropped out of the race after the first four state contests, having spent more than $191 million on campaign advertising but failing to obtain any pledged delegates.  In November 2025, Steyer announced his candidacy in the 2026 California gubernatorial election.
Lakshannath Road railway station
Lakshannath Road railway station is a railway station on Kharagpur–Puri line, part of the Howrah–Chennai main line under Kharagpur railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Gabarghata in Balasore district in the Indian state of Odisha.

South Eastern Railway zone
The South Eastern Railway (abbreviated SER) is one of the 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It comprises Adra railway division, Chakradharpur railway division, Kharagpur railway division and Ranchi railway division.
1951 International Cross Country Championships
The 1951 International Cross Country Championships was held in Caerleon, Wales, at the Caerleon Racecourse on 31 March 1951.  A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results, medalists, and the results of British athletes were published.

The Herald (Glasgow)
The Herald is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from The Glasgow Herald in 1992. Following the closure of the Sunday Herald, the Herald on Sunday was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018.
Gunnison Massacre Site
Then Gunnison Massacre Site, in Millard County, Utah near Hinckley, Utah, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

It is the site of the 1853 "Gunnison massacre", in which John W. Gunnison and seven of his railroad survey party were killed, purportedly by Pah Vent Native Americans, possibly with contention between the Native Americans and Mormons over water being involved.

A stone monument with a bronze marker was placed at the site in 1927.  The marker included a description of the event and names of the men killed.  The bronze marker was stolen before the 1976 listing.

It is located about 6 miles (9.7 km) southwest of Hinckley on the Sevier River.

Pahvant
The Pahvant or Pahvants (Pavant, Parant, Pahva-nits) were a band of Ute people that lived in present-day Utah. Called the "Water People", they fished and hunted waterfowl. They were also farmers and hunter-gatherers. In the 18th century they were known to be friendly and attentive, but after a chief's father was killed by emigrating white settlers, a group of Pahvant Utes killed John Williams Gunnison and seven of his men during his exploration of the area. The bodies of water of their homeland were dried up after Mormons had diverted the water for irrigation. Having intermarried with the Paiutes, they were absorbed into the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah and relocated to reservations.
Josephat Koli Nanok
Josephat Koli Nanok is a Kenyan politician. He belongs to the Orange Democratic Movement and was elected to represent the Turkana South Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the 2007 Kenyan general election.

Orange Democratic Movement
The Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) is a centre-left political party in Kenya. It is the successor of a grassroots people's movement that was formed during the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum campaign. This movement separated in August 2007 into the Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya and the Wiper Democratic Movement – Kenya (formerly the Orange Democratic Movement – Kenya, known as ODM–Kenya).

The name "orange" originates from the ballot cards in the referendum, in which the banana represented a "yes" vote, and the orange represented a "no" vote. Thus, the parties demonstrates that it supported a no vote in the 2005 referendum. The original linchpins of the ODM were Uhuru Kenyatta's KANU party and the late Raila Odinga's LDP. While Kenyatta left KANU, Odinga remained and led ODM until his death in 2025. The party tends to be more popular among the Kenyan Luo people.
Ganev
Ganev (masculine, Bulgarian: Ганев) or Ganeva (feminine, Bulgarian: Ганева) is a Bulgarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dimitar Ganev (1898–1964), Bulgarian communist politician

Guinio Ganev (1928–2016), Bulgarian politician, MP and national ombudsman

Lyubomir Ganev (born 1965), Bulgarian volleyball player

Mihail Ganev (born 1985), Bulgarian sport wrestler

Nikolay Ganev (born 1955), Bulgarian former swimmer

Petko Ganev (born 1996), Bulgarian professional footballer

Stoyan Ganev (1955–2013), Bulgarian diplomat, politician and jurist

Valentin Ganev (born 1956), Bulgarian theatre and film actor and theatre director

Venelin Ganev (1880–1966), Bulgarian lawyer, diplomat and politician

Veselin Ganev (born 1987), Bulgarian footballer

Hennadiy Hanyev (born 1990), Ukrainian footballer of Bulgarian descent

Venelin Ganev
Venelin Yordanov Ganev (Bulgarian: Венелин Йорданов Ганев; 16 February 1880 – 25 March 1966) was a Bulgarian lawyer, diplomat, and politician. He was a leading authority on commercial law, and after the Communist coup d'état on 9 September 1944 was one of the regents of underage tsar Simeon II.
Lake Calumet
Lake Calumet is the largest body of water within the city of Chicago.  Formerly a shallow, postglacial lake draining into Lake Michigan, it was transformed into an industrial harbor during the 20th century.  Parts of the lake have been dredged, and other parts reshaped by landfill. Following the completion of the Cal-Sag Channel in 1922, which reversed the flow of the Calumet River, the lake drains into the Des Plaines River via the channel instead of Lake Michigan.

Calumet is a Norman word used since the 17th century by French colonists in Canada for the ceremonial pipes they saw used by First Nations peoples.

Norman language
Norman or Norman French (Normaund, French: Normand [nɔʁmɑ̃] ⓘ, Guernésiais: Normand, Jèrriais: Nouormand) is a langue d'oïl spoken in the historical and cultural region of Normandy.

The name "Norman French" is sometimes also used to describe the administrative languages of Anglo-Norman and Law French used in England. For the most part, the written forms of Norman and modern French are mutually intelligible. The thirteenth-century philosopher Roger Bacon was the first to distinguish it along with other dialects such as Picard and Bourguignon.

Today, although it does not enjoy any official status outside of Jersey, some reports of the French Ministry of Culture have recognized it as one of the regional languages of France.
Land Bank of Taiwan, Tainan Branch
The Land Bank of Taiwan, Tainan Branch (traditional Chinese: 土地銀行台南分行; simplified Chinese: 土地银行台南分行; pinyin: Tǔdì Yínháng Táinán Fēnháng) is the branch office of Land Bank of Taiwan located in West Central District, Tainan, Taiwan.

West Central District
22°59′47.3″N 120°11′38″E﻿ / ﻿22.996472°N 120.19389°E﻿ / 22.996472; 120.19389

West Central District (Chinese: 中西區; pinyin: Zhōngxī Qū; Wade–Giles: Chung-hsi Ch'ü; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-se-khu) is a district located in the center of Tainan City, Taiwan. It is home to 76,983 people.
Milano Santa Giulia
Milano Santa Giulia is a green and residential district ("quartiere") under construction located in the south-east of Milan, Italy, between the districts of Rogoredo and Taliedo, in the Zone 4 administrative division. As the construction is still in progress, the district is not formally recognized as such, and its area is still referred to as being part of Rogoredo and Taliedo.

The area where Milano Santa Giulia is being built is a 296 acres (1.20 km2) wide former industrial zone, where Montedison and Acciaierie Redaelli facilities used to be. For this reason, the district is also nicknamed Montecity, after Montedison.

The leading architect of the Milano Santa Giulia project is Norman Foster (UK), and the developer is Risanamento.

Edison (company)
Edison S.p.A. is an Italian electric utility company headquartered in Milan. The company was established in 1884 and acquired by Electricité de France in 2012. Edison employs more than 5,000 people in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The chairman of the board is Luc Rémont (CEO of EDF) and the chief executive officer is Nicola Monti.
Bredichinryggen
Bredichinryggen is a mountain ridge in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway. It is named after Russian astronomer Fyodor Bredikhin. The ridge has a length of about fourteen kilometers, and is located south of Hornsund, east of the glaciers of Vestjøkulen and Chomjakovbreen, and west of Austjøkulen and Mendeleevbreen. The ridge comprises the mountains Knattberget, Austjøkultinden, Hjelmen, Steinhatten, Stuptinden, Černajafjellet, Bladegga, Smalegga, Starostinfjellet and Bautaen.

Sørkapp Land
Sørkapp Land is the land area south of Hornsund,  at the southern part of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Two glaciers, Hornbreen and Hambergbreen, divide Sørkapp Land from Torell Land.

Sørkapp Land is included in the Sør-Spitsbergen National Park.
OER4Schools
The OER4Schools programme is a teacher professional development programme utilizing information and communication technologies (ICT), focussing on sub-Saharan Africa. It was initiated at the Centre for Commonwealth Education, based at the Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge. Aspects of the OER4Schools project are developed in conjunction with OER Africa.

OER Africa
OER Africa is an initiative of Saide, established in 2008 with support from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, to collaborate with higher education institutions in Africa in the development and use of Open Educational Resources (OER), to enhance teaching and learning.

Currently, OER Africa is

Developing continuous professional development (CPD) frameworks for supporting OER practices in higher education institutions in Africa.

Identifying, evaluating and sharing CPD OER available from institutions around the world.

Establishing working partnerships with selected African universities to identify the most appropriate strategies to strengthen the policy and operational environments.

Regular, up-to-date communications on news and events relating to OER in African higher education are provided on the website.

OER Africa has been cited recently in EdTechHub, TESSA, Policy Commons, Open Praxis, and PLoS One
Kamen Rider Ghost: The 100 Eyecons and Ghost's Fated Moment
Kamen Rider Ghost the Movie: The 100 Eyecons and Ghost's Fated Moment (劇場版 仮面ライダーゴースト 100の眼魂とゴースト運命の瞬間, Gekijōban Kamen Raidā Gōsuto Hyaku no Aikon to Gōsuto Unmei no Toki) is a 2016 Japanese film, serving as the film adaptation of the 2015-2016 Kamen Rider Series television series Kamen Rider Ghost, and featuring the debut of the protagonist of Kamen Rider Ex-Aid. It was released in Japan on August 6, 2016, in a double billing with Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger the Movie: The Exciting Circus Panic!.

DJ Ozma
Nao Baba (Japanese: 馬場 直, Hepburn: Baba Nao), known professionally as DJ Ozma (stylized DJ OZMA) and legally as Sumitada Ozumano (尾妻野 純直, Ozumano Sumitada), is a Japanese pop singer and musical artist. He is also known as Show Ayanocozey of the rock band Kishidan and Naomi Camelia Yazima of the drag queen pop group Yazima Beauty Salon.
Huétor-Tájar
Huétor-Tájar (or Huétor Tájar) is a  municipality and town located in the province of Granada (Andalusia), in southern Spain. It is situated 43 km west of the city of Granada, and its population in 2007 was 9,467. The municipality's extension is close to 40 km2. Huétor-Tájar lies within the fertile Genil river valley, a part of the Granada depression.

The main source of income is the asparagus culture and its commercialisation under the Geographical Indication Esparragos de Huétor-Tájar.

The town is located near Granada, which has had a significant influence on it during the centuries.

Genil
The Genil River is the main (left) tributary of the river Guadalquivir in Andalusia, Spain. Known as Singilis in Latin, its modern name derives from the Moorish rendering of the Roman name: Sinyil, Sannil, and Sinnil.
Beckerman
Beckerman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alyssa Beckerman (born 1981), American gymnast

Bernard Beckerman (contemporary), American Shakespeare scholar and theater director

Ilene Beckerman (born 1935), American writer

Jon Beckerman (born 1969), American television producer, director, and writer

Kyle Beckerman (born 1982), American soccer player

Marty Beckerman (born 1983), American alternative journalist, humorist, and author

Michael Beckerman(contemporary), American trade association President

Sandra Beckerman (born 1983), Dutch archaeologist and politician

Shloimke (Sam) Beckerman (1883–1974), American klezmer clarinetist

Sidney Beckerman (musician) (1919–2007), American klezmer clarinetist

Ilene Beckerman
Ilene Beckerman (born 1935) is an American writer, who was not published until she was 60 years old, and a former advertising agency executive. She is best known for her first book Love, Loss, and What I Wore, published in 1995, which in 2008 became a successful play written by Nora Ephron and Delia Ephron based on her book.
Gloucester Quays
Gloucester Quays (also known as Gloucester Quays Designer Outlet Centre) is an outlet shopping centre on St Ann Way, Gloucester, in the area of the city formerly known as High Orchard. The outlet is situated close to Gloucester Docks, a historic area of the city.

Gloucester Docks
Gloucester Docks is a historic area of the city of Gloucester. The docks are located at the northern junction of the River Severn with the Gloucester and Sharpness Canal. They are Britain's most inland port.

The docks include fifteen Victorian warehouses, that are now listed buildings. It also contains the Gloucester Waterways Museum (opened in 1988) and the Soldiers of Gloucestershire Museum (opened in 1990). The Robert Opie Collection of Advertising and Packaging (now the Museum of Brands in Notting Hill, London) was also here from 1984 until 2001.

Every year since 2007, Gloucester Docks has been home to the Tall Ships Festival.
Noncommutative logic
Noncommutative logic is an extension of linear logic that combines the commutative connectives of linear logic with the noncommutative multiplicative connectives of the Lambek calculus. Its sequent calculus relies on the structure of order varieties (a family of cyclic orders that may be viewed as a species of structure), and the correctness criterion for its proof nets is given in terms of partial permutations. It also has a denotational semantics in which formulas are interpreted by modules over some specific Hopf algebras.

Partial permutation
In combinatorial mathematics, a partial permutation, or sequence without repetition, on a finite set S
is a bijection between two specified subsets of S. That is, it is defined by two subsets U and V of equal size, and a one-to-one mapping from U to V. Equivalently, it is a partial function on S that can be extended to a permutation.
Electrical Guitar Company
The Electrical Guitar Company (also EGC) is a United States–based manufacturer of all-aluminium and aluminium-neck electric guitars and bass guitars. Operated by machinist and luthier Kevin Burkett, it produces limited run and custom designed instruments. Originally located in Pensacola, Florida, as of 2020 the company headquarters is Irondale, Alabama. The aluminium-necks, bodies and pickups are all manufactured by EGC, with remaining items being sourced from high-quality manufacturers such as Grover, Gotoh and Switchcraft. The aluminium necks are machined from Alcoa T6061.

Early versions of the EGC "Standard" model started appearing around 2004, with later models appending numbers after the style. Series 1, 2, 3, etc.
EGC is also known for notable artist signature models.

The company also builds reissues of Travis Bean guitars and basses under the Travis Bean Designs imprint.

HEICO
HEICO Corporation (NYSE: HEI and HEI.A) is an American aerospace and electronics company headquartered in Hollywood, Florida. The company designs, manufactures, and distributes components and systems for a range of industries including aviation, defense, space, medical, and telecommunications. HEICO operates through two main business segments: the Flight Support Group (FSG) and the Electronic Technologies Group (ETG).
McGuinty
McGuinty is a surname of Irish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Dalton McGuinty (born 1955), Canadian politician

Dalton McGuinty Sr. (1926-1990), Canadian politician

David McGuinty (born 1960), Canadian lawyer and politician

Dalton McGuinty Sr.
Dalton James Patrick McGuinty (August 13, 1926 – March 16, 1990) was a Canadian politician from Ontario. A member of the Ontario Liberal Party, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1987 to 1990. He represented the riding of Ottawa South. He had 10 children,  including Dalton McGuinty who was Premier of Ontario from 2003 to 2013, and David McGuinty who has been a member of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Canada since 2004.
386MAX
386MAX (originally 386 to the Max, later Qualitas MAX) is a computer memory manager for DOS-based personal computers. It competed with Quarterdeck's QEMM memory manager. It was manufactured by Qualitas.

BlueMax was a special version designed for the IBM PS/2 with ROM compression to get the most of the Upper Memory Blocks.

In 2022, the source code was made available on GitHub, and released under the GNU GPL v3 license by Bob Smith of Sudley Place Software. It joined other tools that Smith had originally written at Qualitas which had their source code released in 2012:

DPMIONE, a DPMI 1.0 host component

386SWAT, a protected-mode debugger

QLINK, a linker tool written to handle 32-bit data types, in support of the 386SWAT program

Linker (computing)
A linker or link editor is a computer program that combines intermediate software build files such as object and library files into a single executable file such as a program or library. A linker is often part of a toolchain that includes a compiler and/or assembler that generates intermediate files that the linker processes. The linker may be integrated with other toolchain tools such that the user does not interact with the linker directly.

A simpler version that writes its output directly to memory is called the loader, though loading is typically considered a separate process.
Orfana railway station
Orfana railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Ορφανών, romanized: Sidirodromikos stathmos Orfanon) is a railway station in Orfana, Karditsa, Thessaly, Greece.
It is located just east of the village. Opened in 1995, replacing an older station of the same name.

Fyllo
Fyllo (Greek: Φύλλο) is a village and a former municipality in the Karditsa regional unit, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Palamas, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 139.155 km2. Population 2,446 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in Itea. Fyllo reflects the name of the ancient city of Phyllos, the site of which is located within the bounds of Fyllo's municipal unit.
Euhyponomeutoides albithoracellus
Euhyponomeutoides albithoracellus, the currant bud moth, is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in Fennoscandia, Denmark, Germany, Poland, the Baltic region, Romania, Slovakia, Austria, Switzerland and France.

The wingspan is 12–16 mm. Adults are on wing from late June to mid-July.

Fennoscandia
Fennoscandia (Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian: Fennoskandia; Russian: Фенноскандия, romanized: Fennoskandiya), Fenno-Scandinavia, or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is a peninsula in Europe which includes the Scandinavian and Kola peninsulas, mainland Finland, and Karelia. Administratively, this roughly encompasses the mainlands of Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Karelia, and parts of northern Leningrad Oblast in Russia.
New Columbia (Portland, Oregon)
New Columbia is a housing development in the Portsmouth neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States. It was previously called Columbia Villa. It is operated by the city's public housing authority, Home Forward, and is the largest public housing development in the state.

Multnomah County, Oregon
Multnomah County /mʌltˈnoʊmə/ ⓘ is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 815,428. Multnomah County is part of the Portland metropolitan area. The state's smallest and most populous county, its county seat, Portland, is the state's most populous city.