hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pulicosis
Pulicosis is a skin condition caused by several species of fleas, including the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) and dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis). This condition can range from mild irritation to severe irritation. In some cases, 48 to 72 hours after being bitten, a more severe rash-like irritation may begin to spread across the body. Symptoms include swelling of the bitten area, erythema, ulcers of the mouth and throat, restlessness, and soreness of the areolae. In extreme cases, within 1 week after being bitten, the condition may spread through the lymph nodes and begin affecting the central nervous system. Permanent nerve damage can occur.: 450

If they receive an excessive number of bites, pets can also develop flea allergy dermatitis, which can potentially be fatal if no actions are taken. However, dogs and cats are not the only ones that are at risk. Humans can suffer from flea bites and, depending on a variety of factors, the bites can cause much pain and discomfort.

Dog flea
The dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis) is a species of flea that lives as an ectoparasite on a wide variety of mammals, particularly the domestic dog and cat. It closely resembles the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), which can live on a wider range of animals and is generally more prevalent worldwide.

The dog flea is of veterinary importance because it can spread Dipylidium caninum.

Although they feed on the blood of dogs and cats, they sometimes bite humans. They can live without food for several months, but females must have a blood meal before they can produce eggs. They can deliver about 4,000 eggs on the host's fur. The eggs go through four lifecycle stages: embryo, larva, pupa, and imago (adult). This whole life cycle from egg to adult takes from two to three weeks, although this depends on the temperature. It may take longer in cool conditions.
White Shoulders (1922 film)
White Shoulders is a lost 1922 American silent drama film starring Katherine MacDonald that was directed by Tom Forman. It was produced by B. P. Schulberg and released through Associated First National, later First National Pictures.

First National Pictures
First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the country's largest theater chain. Expanding from exhibiting movies to distributing them, the company reincorporated in 1919 as Associated First National Theatres, Inc., and Associated First National Pictures, Inc. In 1924 it expanded to become a motion picture production company as First National Pictures, Inc., and became an important studio in the film industry. In September 1928, control of First National passed to Warner Bros., into which it was completely absorbed on November 4, 1929. A number of Warner Bros. films were thereafter branded First National Pictures until July 1936, when First National Pictures, Inc., was dissolved.
Guselkumab
Guselkumab, sold under the brand name Tremfya, is a human monoclonal antibody against interleukin-23 used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Citharichthys amblybregmatus
Citharichthys amblybregmatus is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the western north Atlantic Ocean. It has been collected at a depth of 198 m (650 ft).

It is a demersal fish. Like the rest of the large-tooth flounders, it has both eyes on the left side of its head. The species was described at the same time as the anglefin whiff. Both species display sexual dimorphism, with the males displaying several secondary sex characteristics, making both species similar to the previously described horned whiff (Citharichthys cornutus).

Demersal fish
Demersal fish, also known as groundfish, live and feed on or near the bottom of seas or lakes (the demersal zone). They occupy the sea floors and lake beds, which usually consist of mud, sand, gravel or rocks. In coastal waters, they are found on or near the continental shelf, and in deep waters, they are found on or near the continental slope or along the continental rise. They are not generally found in the deepest waters, such as abyssal depths or on the abyssal plain, but they can be found around seamounts and islands. The word demersal comes from the Latin demergere, which means to sink.

Demersal fish are bottom feeders. They can be contrasted with pelagic fish, which live and feed away from the bottom in the open water column.
Demersal fish fillets contain little fish oil (one to four per cent), whereas pelagic fish can contain up to 30 per cent.
Nocaima
Nocaima (Spanish pronunciation: [noˈkajma]) is a municipality and town of Colombia in the department of Cundinamarca. It is the oldest European settlement in Colombia, and therefore of historical significance. Founded on June 8, 1605, it sits in the hills of the Andes, about 60 km outside Bogota, the current Capital of Colombia.

The official municipal website of Nocaima is found under
http://nocaima-cundinamarca.gov.co/sitio.shtml

Departments of Colombia
Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two administrative divisions referred to as departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and one Capital District (Distrito Capital). Departments are country subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy. Each department has a governor (gobernador) and an Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods.

Departments are formed by a grouping of municipalities (municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is headed by mayor (alcalde) and administered by a municipal council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected by popular vote for four-year periods.
The Family Legend
The Family Legend is an 1810 historical tragedy by the British writer Joanna Baillie. It premiered at the Theatre Royal in Edinburgh on 29 January 1810 and ran for thirteen consecutive nights. The Edinburgh cast included Henry Siddons, his wife Harriet Siddons and Daniel Terry. Its Edinburgh staging was due largely to the lobbying of Walter Scott on its behalf. On 29 May 1815 it debuted in London's West End at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane with a cast that featured George Bartley as the Earl of Argyle, Alexander Rae as John of Lorne, James William Wallack as Maclean, Samuel Penley as Sir Hubert de Grey, John Powell as Loctorish Mrs Bartley as Helen and Susan Boyce as Rosa. It revolves around the historic rivalry of the Campbells and the Macleans.

George Bartley (comedian)
George Bartley (1782?–1858) was an English stage comedian. He was successful in playing comic old men and bluff uncles, and Falstaff became his favourite character. He had roles in many Shakespearean Comedies throughout his career spanning over half a century.
Karaözü
Karaözü is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Sarıoğlan, Kayseri Province, Turkey. Its population is 633 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

The village is located at the tripoint of Kayseri, Sivas, and Yozgat provinces. It was founded in the late 18th century.

Sivas Province
Sivas Province (Turkish: Sivas ili) is a province of Turkey. It is located in the eastern part of the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Its area is 28,164 km2 (the second largest province after Konya), and its population is 634,924 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Yozgat to the west, Kayseri to the southwest, Kahramanmaraş to the south, Malatya to the southeast, Erzincan to the east, Giresun to the northeast, and Ordu to the north. Its capital is Sivas.

Most of Sivas Province has the typical continental climate of the Central Anatolian Region, in which summer months are hot and dry, while winter months are cold and snowy. However, the northern part of the province shows some features of the oceanic/humid subtropical Black Sea climate, while the eastern portion has influences of the Eastern Anatolian highland climate. This province is noted for its thermal springs.
John Garnier (cricketer)
John Garnier (26 April 1813 – 26 March 1838) was an English first-class cricketer and clergyman.

The son of The Reverend Thomas Garnier, he was born in April 1813 at Bishopstoke, Hampshire. He was educated at Winchester College, before going up to Exeter College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Oxford in 1832. Batting twice in the match, he was run out for 4 runs in the Oxford first innings, before being dismissed leg before wicket for 3 runs in their second innings. He was elected a fellow of Merton College in 1835.

After graduating from Oxford, Garnier took holy orders in the Church of England. He became the curate at St Ebbe's Church, Oxford in 1837. Garnier died in March of the following year after catching smallpox while visiting his parishioners. Several family members played cricket at first-class level, including his brother Thomas Garnier junior.

Run out
Run out is a method of dismissal in cricket, in which the fielding team put down the wicket of a batter who is outside their ground, usually because they are trying to score a run.

Run out is governed by Law 38 of the laws of cricket. If the batter is judged run out, the run does not count and the bowler does not get credit for the wicket.

A run out can also be effected when the batters are not attempting a run if one of them leaves the crease when the ball is not dead. Some such dismissals cause controversy because they challenge long-established — but not universal — conventions about the spirit of the game.
Perideridia bacigalupii
Perideridia bacigalupii is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common names Mother Lode yampah and Bacigalupi's perideridia. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from the northern and central Sierra Nevada foothills. It is a member of the flora in chaparral and pine woodlands. It is a perennial herb which may exceed 1.5 meters in maximum height, its slender, erect stem growing from tubers. Leaves near the base of the plant have blades up to 40 centimeters long which are divided into many narrow subdivided lobes. Leaves higher on the plant are smaller and less divided. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of many spherical clusters of small white flowers. These yield ribbed, oblong-shaped fruits about half a centimeter long.

The plant was first described in 1969. The plant's Latin and common names are for the American botanist Rimo Bacigalupi (1901–1996).

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Rhenonema
Rhenonema eifeliense ("Rheinland thread of Eifel") is a large, extinct, high-crested holonematid arthrodire placoderm from Givetian-aged strata of Middle Devonian Gerolstein, Germany.  It is known from some fragments of armor, including an anterior-lateral plate estimated to be around 24 centimetres (9.4 in) long, and a portion of a median dorsal plate with a very tall crest running along the median line of the dorsal surface.  The ornamentation is very similar to that of Holonema, but the concentrically arranged ridges are much coarser in Rhenonema.  The holotype was originally described by Kayser, in 1880, as a species of Dinichthys, but was then redescribed in 1964 by Obruchev as a holonematid.

Eifel
The Eifel (German: [ˈaɪfl̩] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Äifel, pronounced [ˈæːɪ̯fəl]) is a low mountain range in western Germany, eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. It occupies parts of southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and the southern area of the German-speaking Community of Belgium.

The Eifel is part of the Rhenish Massif; within its northern portions lies the Eifel National Park. The Eifelian stage in geological history is named after the region because rocks of that period reach the surface in the Eifel at the Wetteldorf Richtschnitt outcrop.

The inhabitants of the Eifel are known as Eiflers or Eifelers.
Matvei Platov
Count Matvei or Matvey Ivanovich Platov (Russian: Матвей Иванович Платов; 8 [19 N.S.] August 1753 – 3 [15 N.S.] January 1818) was a Russian general who commanded the Don Cossacks in the Napoleonic Wars and founded Novocherkassk as the new capital of the Don Host Province.

Don Host Oblast
Don Host Oblast was a province (oblast) of the Russian Empire which consisted of the territory of the Don Cossacks, coinciding approximately with present-day Rostov Oblast in Russia. Its administrative center was Cherkassk, and later Novocherkassk.

It comprised the areas where the Don Cossack Host settled in the Russian Empire. From 1786, the territory was officially named Don Host Land (Russian: Земля Войска Донского, romanized: Zemlya Voyska Donskogo), renamed Don Host Oblast in 1870.

During 1914, the oblast, with an area of 164,000 km², had about 3.9 million inhabitants. Of these, 55% (2.1 million) were Cossacks in possession of all the land; the remaining 45% of the population being townsfolk and agricultural guest labourers from other parts of Russia.

It was abolished in 1920; from the major part of it the Don Oblast of the RSFSR was created, which was incorporated into the North Caucasus Krai in 1924.
Ramat HaKovesh
Ramat HaKovesh (Hebrew: רָמַת הַכּוֹבֵשׁ, lit. 'Pioneer Ridge') is a kibbutz in central Israel. Approximately 7 kilometers northeast of Kfar Saba and south-west of Tira. The kibbutz falls under the jurisdiction of Drom HaSharon Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 1,077.

Kfar Saba
Kfar Saba [kfaʁˈsaba] (Hebrew: כְּפַר סַבָּא, lit. 'Grandfather's Village'), officially Kfar Sava [kfaʁ saˈva], is a city in the Sharon region, of the Central District of Israel. In 2023 it had a population of 100,013, making it the 16th-largest city in Israel. The population of Kfar Saba is nearly entirely Jewish.
Antarctaspis
Antarctaspis (meaning "Antarctica's shield") is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm fish which existed in Antarctica during the Givetian age of the Devonian period. The type species Antarctaspis mcmurdoensis was described White in 1968, and is known from a partial head shield discovered in the Lashly Mountains of Antarctica. It is one of the more basal members of the order Arthrodira, closely related to Yujiangolepis, as shown in the cladogram below:

Givetian
The Givetian is one of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian Period. It lasted from 387.95 million years ago to 382.31  million years ago. It was preceded by the Eifelian Stage and followed by the Frasnian Stage. It is named after the town of Givet in France. The oldest forests occurred during the late Givetian. The lower GSSP is located at Jebel Mech Irdane, Tafilalt, Morocco.
Loraine Despres
Loraine Despres is an American novelist and screenwriter.  Her novels The Scandalous Summer of Sissy LeBlanc (2002) and  The Bad Behavior of Belle Cantrell (2005) were Literary Guild and Doubleday Book Club featured selections. Despres wrote episodes for many top network TV shows including The Highlander, The Equalizer, Knots Landing and Dynasty.  Most famously, she wrote the Who shot J.R.? episode of Dallas.

Bookspan
Bookspan LLC is a New York–based online bookseller, founded in 2000.

Bookspan began as a joint endeavor by Bertelsmann and Time Warner. Bertelsmann took over control in 2007, and a year later, sold its interest to Najafi Companies, an Arizona investment firm. Najafi held its ownership in a subsidiary named Direct Brands, which also held Najafi's ownership in the Columbia House record club. In 2013, Najafi sold its interest in Direct Brands to Pride Tree Holdings, a New York–based media and consumer technology holding company founded in 2012 and incorporated in Delaware.
Carlos Chávez (weightlifter)
Carlos Chávez Gordón (4 November 1928 – 2 June 2006) was a Panamanian weightlifter. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics, where his 90 points left him at the bottom of the table.

Weightlifting at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's 60 kg
The men's 60 kg weightlifting competitions at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki took place on 25 July at Messuhalli. It was the seventh appearance of the featherweight class, and the second time the weight class featured weightlifters between 56 and 60 kg (prior appearances had featherweight as the lightest weight class before a 56 kg weight class was added in 1948).

Each weightlifter had three attempts at each of the three lifts. The best score for each lift was summed to give a total. The weightlifter could increase the weight between attempts (minimum of 5 kg between first and second attempts, 2.5 kg between second and third attempts) but could not decrease weight. If two or more weightlifters finished with the same total, the competitors' body weights were used as the tie-breaker (lighter athlete wins).
Fernando Ramírez de Haro, 10th Marquess of Villanueva del Duero
Fernando Ramírez de Haro y Aguirre, 10th Marquess of Villanueva del Duero, GE (born 23 August 1976) is a Spanish aristocrat.

Born at Madrid, he is the eldest son of Fernando Ramírez de Haro, 16th Count of Bornos, Grandee of Spain, and his wife Esperanza Aguirre y Gil de Biedma, the prominent conservative politician and former President of the Community of Madrid.

On 12 April 2000, his paternal grandfather, Ignacio Ramírez de Haro, 15th Count of Bornos, ceded him the marquessate of Villanueva de Duero

Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy (from Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, "rule of the best"; Latin: aristocratia) is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class with hereditary rank and titles. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy.
Banqalan
Banqalan (Persian: بانقلان, also Romanized as Bānqalān; also known as Bāneh Kalān and Bāngalān) is a village in Deh Pain Rural District, in the Central District of Ilam County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,586, in 510 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Baltej Singh
Baltej Singh (born 4 November 1990) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Punjab. He made his Twenty20 debut on 2 January 2016 in the 2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. In February 2022, he was bought by the Punjab Kings in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament.

He was part of the Punjab team that won the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy in 2022-23. In 2025, he announced his retirement from Indian cricket.

2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy
The 2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy was the eighth edition of the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, an annual Twenty20 tournament in India. Played from 2 to 20 January 2016, it was contested by all 27 Ranji Trophy teams. Uttar Pradesh won the championship, claiming their first title.
Hi Izuru Tokoro
Hi Izuru Tokoro (日出処; "The Land of the Rising Sun"), also known as Sunny, is the fifth studio album by Japanese musician Ringo Sheena released on November 5, 2014, by Universal Music Japan sublabel Virgin Records. It is a compilation studio album compiling singles released since 2009 as well as new compositions.

EMI Records Japan
EMI Records Japan (Japanese: EMIレコーズ・ジャパン) was a Japanese record label which operated as a division of Universal Music Japan. The record label was launched on April 1, 2013, following the absorption of EMI Music Japan and its in-house record labels by Universal Japan. After multiple restructures within Universal Japan, EMI Records Japan was retired exactly one year after its formation. The label was succeeded by the formation of EMI Records and the short-lived EMI R label, eventually rebranding as Virgin Records.
Torpedo belt
The torpedo belt was part of the armoring scheme in some warships between the 1920s and 1940s. It consisted of a series of lightly armored compartments, extending laterally along a narrow belt that intersected the ship's waterline. In theory this belt would absorb the explosions from torpedoes, or any naval artillery shells that struck below the waterline, and thus minimize internal damage to the ship itself.

Torpedo belts are also known as Side Protection Systems or SPS, or Torpedo Defense System or TDS.

Waterline
The waterline is the line where the hull of a ship meets the surface of the water.

A waterline can also refer to any line on a ship's hull that is parallel to the water's surface when the ship is afloat in a level trimmed position. Hence, waterlines are a class of "ships lines" used to denote the shape of a hull in naval architecture lines plans.

The load line (also known as Plimsoll line) is the waterline which indicates the legal limit to which a ship may be loaded for specific water types and temperatures in order to safely maintain buoyancy.

For vessels with displacement hulls, the hull speed is defined by, among other things, the waterline length. In a sailing boat, the waterline length can change significantly as the boat heels, and can dynamically affect the speed of the boat.
2003–04 FIBA Europe Cup
The 2003–04 FIBA Europe Cup was the second season of the  FIBA Europe Cup. After its first season as FIBA's revived' Champions Cup the competition was renamed and now considered Europe's fourth level professional club basketball tournament. However it kept the previous competition system dividing the teams in conferences and the three top teams would now automatically qualify to FIBA Europe League 's following season.

The season started on 5 November 2003, and ended on 28 March 2004. A total number of 41 teams participated in the competition.

FIBA EuroChallenge
FIBA EuroChallenge (called the FIBA Europe League in 2003–05, and FIBA EuroCup in 2005–08) was the 3rd-tier continental club basketball competition in Europe, from 2003 to 2015. It was organized and run by FIBA Europe. It is not to be confused with the FIBA EuroCup Challenge – the defunct 4th-tier competition, which was also organized and run by FIBA Europe, played between 2002–03 and 2006–07. In 2015, FIBA dissolved the EuroChallenge, in order to start the Basketball Champions League (BCL) and FIBA Europe Cup (FEC), in order to extend opportunities outside the competitions organized by the Euroleague Basketball.