hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alabagrus texanus
Alabagrus texanus is a species of braconid wasp in the family Braconidae. It develops within the larvae of Herpetogramma theseusalis.  Males emerge from pupation earlier than females. Females typically only mate once, whereas males mate more than once.

Studies have found that the males that arrive early to a site where females recently emerged from were often successful, but the very young and very old males were always unsuccessful. Males also had short-term memory regarding sites of female emergence.

Male
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces, or is organized to produce, the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilisation. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most male mammals, including male humans, have a Y chromosome, which codes for the production of larger amounts of testosterone to develop male reproductive organs.

In humans, the word male can also be used to refer to gender, in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.
Leviton (quasiparticle)
A leviton is a collective excitation of a single electron within a metal. It has been mostly studied in two-dimensional electron gases alongside quantum point contacts. The main feature is that the excitation produces an electron pulse without the creation of electron holes. The time-dependence of the pulse is described by a Lorentzian distribution created by a pulsed electric potential.

Levitons have also been described in graphene.

The leviton is named after Leonid Levitov, who first predicted its existence in 1996.

Two-dimensional electron gas
A two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is a scientific model in solid-state physics. It is an electron gas that is free to move in two dimensions, but tightly confined in the third. This tight confinement leads to quantized energy levels for motion in the third direction, which can then be ignored for most problems. Thus the electrons appear to be a 2D sheet embedded in a 3D world. The analogous construct of holes is called a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG), and such systems have many useful and interesting properties.
Kyūkyoryūchi-Daimarumae Station
Kyūkyoryūchi-Daimarumae Station (旧居留地・大丸前駅, Kyūkyoryūchi-Daimarumae-eki) is a train station in Chūō-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. The station name literally means "in front of the Former Foreign Settlement and Daimaru".

Chūō-ku, Kobe
Chūō (中央区, Chūō-ku) is one of 9 wards of Kobe, Japan. It has an area of 28.46 km2, and a population of 127,602 with 74,814 households as of January 31, 2012. The ward was formed from the 1980 merger of the former Fukiai-ku (葺合区) and Ikuta-ku (生田区).

The Consulate-General of Panama in Kobe is located on the eighth floor of the Moriyama Building in Chūō-ku. Also in the ward are the headquarters of Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Sysmex Corporation, a global medical devices manufacturing company and TOA Corporation, an electronics company.
Chehlare
Chehlare, with a former name of Morozovo (09.04.1950 - 23.09.1969), is a village located in Southern Bulgaria, Plovdiv Province, Municipality Brezovo. The permanent population of the village is 58, and the villagers with a current address Chehlare are counted to be 110.

Plovdiv Province
42°10′N 24°45′E﻿ / ﻿42.167°N 24.750°E﻿ / 42.167; 24.750

Plovdiv Province (Bulgarian: Област Пловдив: Oblast Plovdiv, former name Plovdiv okrug) is a province in central southern Bulgaria. It comprises 18 municipalities (общини, obshtini, sing. общинa, obshtina) on a territory of 5,972.9 km2 (2,306.1 sq mi) with a population, as of February 2011, of 683,027 inhabitants. The province is named after its administrative and industrial centre — the city of Plovdiv.
IPA consonant chart with audio
The International Phonetic Alphabet, or IPA, is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.

The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants. In the IPA, a pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis (the space between the vocal cords) or oral cavity (the mouth) and either simultaneously or subsequently letting out air from the lungs. Pulmonic consonants make up the majority of consonants in the IPA, as well as in human language. All consonants in the English language fall into this category.

In the audio samples below, the consonants are pronounced with [ä] for demonstration.

Phonetic transcription
Phonetic transcription (also known as phonetic alphabet, phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phonetics) by means of symbols. The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet.
Robinson River (Virginia)
The Robinson River is a 34.2-mile-long (55.0 km) tributary of the Rapidan River in Madison County, Virginia, in the United States.  It flows southeast through White Oak Canyon and Berry Hollow, under Routes 231, 29 and 15.  From its start in Shenandoah National Park as Cedar Run and Tims River, it has confluences with the Rose River, Quaker Run, Shotwell Run, Leathers Run, Mulatto Run, White Oak Run, Deep Run, Dark Run, Beaverdam Run and Great Run before its confluence with the Rapidan River.  A 19-mile (31 km) section of the Robinson River from Syria to Locust Dale is Class II whitewater, with an average gradient of 15 feet per mile (2.8 m/km).  In the Syria area, both the Rose River and Robinson River are stocked with Rainbow trout and Brook trout by the state of Virginia.

Shenandoah National Park
Shenandoah National Park /ˈʃɛnənˌdoʊə/ (often /ˈʃænənˌdoʊə/) is a national park of the United States that encompasses part of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia. The park is long and narrow, with the Shenandoah River and its broad valley to the west, and the rolling hills of the Virginia Piedmont to the east. Skyline Drive is the main park road, generally traversing along the ridgeline of the mountains. Almost 40% of the park's land—79,579 acres (124 sq mi; 322 km2)—has been designated as wilderness areas and is protected as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. The highest peak is Hawksbill Mountain at 4,051 feet (1,235 m).
Pat Liddy
Pat Liddy (Irish: Pádraig Ó Lideadha, born 1944 in Dublin) is an Irish artist, historian, writer, illustrator, broadcaster, mapmaker, and environmental lobbyist. Pat is the author and illustrator of twelve books on the city, as well as others on Irish cultural sites and topics. Since 2004, he has been the owner of Pat Liddy's Walking Tours of Dublin.

RTÉ One
RTÉ One is an Irish free-to-air flagship television service owned and operated by RTÉ. It is the most-popular and most-watched television channel in the country and was launched as Telefís Éireann on 31 December 1961, it was renamed RTÉ in 1966, and it was renamed as RTÉ 1 upon the launch of RTÉ2 in 1978.  It is funded partly by the government's licence fee; the remainder of the funding is provided by commercial advertising. Because RTÉ is funded partly by the licence fee it shows considerably fewer advertisements than most other channels available in Ireland and Northern Ireland.

RTÉ One is available to 98% of the Irish population in HD on the Saorview DTT service. It is also available in Northern Ireland via Saorview, Freeview, Sky, and cable provider Virgin Media. The channel is also available online through RTÉ Player.
SC Bonifika
Sport Club Bonifika, commonly referred to as SC Bonifika or simply Bonifika, was a Slovenian football club. It has played in Koper until 2007, when it moved to Izola, intending to merge with MNK Izola. In the spring part of the 2008–09 season, the club moved to Sežana, but soon withdrew from the competition and ceased all operations.

MNK Izola
Nogometni klub Izola (English: Izola Football Club), commonly referred to as NK Izola or simply Izola, is a Slovenian football club from Izola that competes in the Slovenian Third League, the third tier of Slovenian football. Izola was established in 1996 as Mladinski nogometni klub Izola (MNK Izola) after the dissolution of NK Izola, a club which folded following the 1995–96 Slovenian PrvaLiga season due to high financial debt. Legally, the two clubs' records and honours are kept separate by the Football Association of Slovenia.
Kemény, son of Lawrence
Kemény, son of Lawrence (Hungarian: Lőrinc fia Kemény; died between 1299 and 1302) was a Hungarian lord in the late 13th century, who served as Master of the cupbearers in 1289. During the era of feudal anarchy, he was one of the most powerful landowners in Southern Transdanubia, especially Baranya County. The Cseményi noble family descended from him.

Southern Transdanubia
Southern Transdanubia (Hungarian: Dél-Dunántúl ['deːl ˈdunaːntuːl]) is a subdivision of Hungary as defined by the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS). It is one of the eight classified NUTS-2 statistical regions of Hungary. The region incorporates the south-western parts of the country, and encompasses an area of 14,197 km2 (5,481 sq mi). It incorporates three counties –Somogy, Tolna, and Baranya. With a population of just over 0.85 million, it is the least populated of the all the regions in Hungary. The seat of the region and the largest city is Pécs.
Lendemeriella
Lendemeriella is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has ten species. The genus was circumscribed in 2020 by Sergey Kondratyuk, with Lendemeriella reptans assigned as the type species. The genus name honours the American lichenologist James Lendemer, who co-authored the type species in 2012 (as Caloplaca reptans).

Lendemeriella species have an arctic-alpine, boreal-montane, and Mediterranean distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. They grow on twigs, wood, bryophytes, the bark of deciduous trees as well as Siberian fir. They also grow on siliceous and calcareous rock in certain habitats.

Calcareous
Calcareous (/kælˈkɛəriəs/) is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is  used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.
Laws of robotics
Laws of robotics are any set of laws, rules, or principles, which are intended as a fundamental framework to underpin the behavior of robots designed to have a degree of autonomy. Robots of this degree of complexity do not yet exist, but they have been widely anticipated in science fiction, films and are a topic of active research and development in the fields of robotics and artificial intelligence.

The best known set of laws are those written by Isaac Asimov in the 1940s, or based upon them, but other sets of laws have been proposed by researchers in the decades since then.

Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political,  bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in their work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine.
Sproul State Forest
Sproul State Forest is a Pennsylvania state forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #10.  The main offices are located in Renovo, Pennsylvania in Clinton County in the United States.

The forest is located in western Clinton County and northern Centre County and contains 280,000 acres (113,310 ha) of land. It also includes several tracts in Potter, Cameron County, and Lycoming Counties. Its forests are part of the  Allegheny Highlands forests ecoregion. It was named for former Pennsylvania governor William C. Sproul (in office from 1919 to 1923).

The first land for what became Sproul State Forest was purchased in 1898. This was also the first land purchased by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for what are now the twenty Pennsylvania State Forests, with over two million acres (810,000 ha) of forest.

Cameron County, Pennsylvania
Cameron County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,547, making it  Pennsylvania's least populous county. Its county seat is Emporium. The county was created on March 29, 1860, from parts of Clinton, Elk, McKean, and Potter counties. It is named for Senator Simon Cameron. The county is part of the North Central region of the commonwealth.
Jules Bourcier
Claude Marie Jules Bourcier (French pronunciation: [klod maʁi ʒyl buʁsje]; 19 February 1797 – 9 March 1873) was a French naturalist and expert on hummingbirds.

Bourcier was born in Cuisery, Saône-et-Loire. He was the mayor of Millery, Rhône from 1832 to 1837, and he was the French consul to Ecuador from 1849 to 1850. In 1857, he became a corresponding member of the Société linnéenne de Lyon.

Bourcier named a number of new hummingbird species, either alone or with other ornithologists, such as Adolphe Delattre and Martial Etienne Mulsant.

The following hummingbird species bear his name:

Colibri de Bourcier (Polyonymus caroli), described by Bourcier in 1847;

Phaethornis bourcieri, described by René Primevère Lesson in 1832.

A species of South American snake, Saphenophis boursieri, was named in his honor by Giorgio Jan in 1867. The terrestrial mollusk genus Bourciera was named after him, based on specimens he collected for Louis Pfeiffer.

He died in Batignolles, Paris, in 1873.

Straight-billed hermit
The straight-billed hermit (Phaethornis bourcieri) is a species of bird in the family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The Canadian Conspiracy
The Canadian Conspiracy is a 1986 CBC Television mockumentary, directed by Robert Boyd and co-written by Boyd, Mark Achbar and Mike Short. It parodies American Cold War propaganda films and tabloid journalism, using archival clips and interviews with notable Canadian entertainers to build a narrative that the Canadian government has for decades been training agents to infiltrate and take over the American entertainment industry for the purpose of subverting American culture in preparation for a Canadian invasion of the United States.

The film stars numerous celebrities as fictionalized versions of themselves, including Eugene Levy, Lorne Greene, Leslie Nielsen, William Shatner, Margot Kidder, Dave Thomas, John Candy, Anne Murray and Tommy Chong. It won two Gemini Awards and was nominated for an International Emmy Award.

Tommy Chong
Thomas Bing Kin Chong (born May 24, 1938) is a Canadian comedian, actor, musician and activist. He is known for his role/inspiration in the marijuana industry, his marijuana-themed Cheech & Chong comedy albums and movies with Cheech Marin, and playing the character Leo on Fox's That '70s Show. He became a naturalized United States citizen in the late 1980s.
2021 Liberian by-elections
The 2021 Liberian by-elections were held on November 16 in the following House districts: Bomi-1, Bong-2, Grand Gedeh-1, and Nimba-1. The vacancies in the House were caused by four sitting representatives winning seats the 2020 Senate election. The 2021 by-elections were delayed beyond constitutional limits. Neither the ruling Coalition for Democratic Change nor the major opposition alliance Collaborating Political Parties won seats in the 2021 by-election. The elected House members were Finda Gborie Lansanah (Bomi-1), James M. Kolleh (Bong-2), Erol Madison Gwion (Grand Gedeh-1), and Samuel N. Brown (Nimba-1).

House of Representatives of Liberia
The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the bicameral legislative branch of Liberia, and together with the Senate comprises the Legislature of Liberia. The number of seats is fixed by law at 73, with each county being apportioned a number of seats based on its percentage of the national population. House members represent single-member districts within the counties drawn up by the National Elections Commission and serve six-year terms. The House meets at the Capitol Building in Monrovia.

The primary purpose of the House is to pass bills in conjunction with the Senate so that they may be sent to the president for signature or veto. The House also holds the exclusive right to introduce revenue bills into the Legislature, as well as to impeach the president, the vice president and judges upon the concurrence of two-thirds of its members. The House is led by the Speaker of the House, elected at the beginning of each new legislature from among its members only.
Biosphere reserves of Albania
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Biosphere Reserves are significant institutions of international status as described in the established order of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves within the framework of the Man and the Biosphere Programme. The biosphere reserves specifically promote and support sustainable development for conservation of biological and cultural diversity.

The Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Biosphere Reserve shared with North Macedonia is the only biosphere reserve in Albania. Designated in 2014, the reserve covers a territory of 446,244.52 ha (4,462.4452 km2) with diverse landscapes ranging from high mountains to the coasts of the lakes of Ohrid and Prespa.

World Network of Biosphere Reserves
The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) covers internationally designated areas of high biological and cultural diversity, known as biosphere reserves, which are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature (e.g. encourage sustainable development). They are created under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB).
Quatre-vingt-treize (film)
Quatre-vingt-treize is a French silent film adapted by Alexandre Arnoux based on the novel Ninety-Three by Victor Hugo. Originally undertaken as a follow-up to his great success with Les misérables (1913), director Albert Capellani began the project in the spring and summer of 1914, but the war interrupted shooting and Capellani left France for the United States, not to return until 1923. In 1916 André Antoine with Assistant Director Julien Duvivier shot additional footage, and then production was banned for the duration of World War I. In 1921 Antoine edited the film, and it was shown that year in two parts.

In 1985 Philippe Esnault, under the auspices of the Cinémathèque française, restored the film from scattered parts to a 170 minute run time.

André Antoine
André Antoine (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁe ɑ̃twan]; 31 January 1858 – 23 October 1943) was a French actor, theatre manager, film director, author, and critic who is considered the father of modern mise en scène in France.
1975–76 KNVB Cup
The 1975-76 KNVB Cup was the 58th edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 46 teams contested, beginning on 6 September 1975 and ending at the final on 7 April 1976.

FC Den Haag unsuccessfully defended its 1975 title in the Round of 16 against PSV, 3–2. PSV successfully pursued its 3rd successive Cup title on 7 April 1976 at De Kuip, Rotterdam against Roda JC, 1–0 (after extra time). 32,760 attended. PSV became champions of the Netherlands by winning the Eredivisie 1975-76, thereby taking the double. They contested in the 1977 European Cup, so finalists Roda JC entered the Cup Winners' Cup tournament.

ADO Den Haag
Alles Door Oefening Den Haag (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑləz doːr ˈufənɪŋ dɛn ˈɦaːx]), commonly known by the abbreviated name ADO Den Haag ([ˈaːdoː dɛn ˈɦaːx]), is a Dutch association football club from the city of The Hague. They play in the Eerste Divisie, the second tier of Dutch football, following relegation from the Eredivisie in the 2020–21 season. The club was for a time known as FC Den Haag ([ɛfˈseː dɛn ˈɦaːx]), with ADO representing the amateur branch of the club. Despite being from one of the traditional three large Dutch cities, it has not been able to match Ajax, Feyenoord or PSV in terms of success in the Eredivisie or in European competition. There is nonetheless a big rivalry with Ajax and Feyenoord. The Dutch words "Alles Door Oefening" translate into Everything Through Practice.
2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race
The Senior women's race at the 2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held at the Leopardstown Racecourse near Dublin, Ireland, on March 23, 2002.  Reports of the event were given in The New York Times, in the Herald, and for the IAAF.

Complete results for individuals, for senior women's teams, medallists, and the results of British athletes who took part were published.

The Herald (Glasgow)
The Herald is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from The Glasgow Herald in 1992. Following the closure of the Sunday Herald, the Herald on Sunday was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018.
The Christmas Spirit (2013 film)
The Christmas Spirit is a 2013 American made-for-television Christmas-themed romantic comedy film starring Nicollette Sheridan and Bart Johnson. The film was directed by Jack Angelo, written by Angelo and Sheridan, and executive-produced by Sheridan, Jimmy Townsend, Eric Jarboe, Brad Krevoy, Francisco J. Gonzalez, and Alexandre Coscas. The film premiered on Hallmark Channel on December 1, 2013.

Brad Krevoy
Brad Krevoy is a film producer, entrepreneur, and founder and chairman/CEO of the Motion Picture Corporation of America. Over his 37-year career, Krevoy has been involved in the production and distribution of more than 250 film and television projects, most notably Dumb and Dumber, and Christmas-themed entertainment, including the A Christmas Prince and The Princess Switch trilogies, as well as Falling for Christmas and Irish Wish.
Cryptothallus
Cryptothallus is a previously recognized genus of liverworts in the family Aneuraceae. The plants are small, and are white to pale green as a result of lacking chlorophyll. This feature led to the creation of a separate genus. The morphology of species assigned to Cryptothallus is very similar to that of Aneura.  As a result, Karen Renzaglia in 1982 suggested that the only species then placed in the genus, Cryptothallus mirabilis, may be considered "merely as an achlorophyllous species of Aneura." Wickett and Goffinet argued the same position on the basis of sequences of nuclear, mitochondrial, and plastid DNA, and moved Cryptothallus mirabilis to Aneura. A 2010 molecular phylogenetic study confirmed the position of Cryptothallus within Aneura. This was accepted in the 2016 world checklist of hornworts and liverworts.

Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός (khloros, "pale green") and φύλλον (phyllon, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed to bacteriochlorophylls, related molecules found only in bacteria and involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b.