hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pavangad
The Kolhapur District of Maharashtra is half a mile towards the east of Panhala fort from which it is separated by a ravine. The chief defense of the fort is a scarped rock fifteen to twenty-five feet high. In most places the steepness of the rock has been increased by artificial scarping and it has been strengthened by a parapet wall of Kolhapur black stone fourteen feet high.

In 1827, under Shahoji I (1821–1837), Pavangad and its neighboring fort Panhala were given over to the British Raj. In 1844, during the minority of Shivaji IV (1837–1860), Panhala and Pavangad were taken by rebels who seized Colonel Ovans, the Resident of Satara, when he was on tour and imprisoned him in Panhala. A British force under General Delamotte was sent against the rebels and on 1 December 1844 breached Panhala fort walls, took it by storm. Shortly thereafter in 1844, the two main entrances of Pavangad were pulled down and the fort was dismantled. The fort though deserted has a good water supply.

Kolhapur district
Kolhapur district (Marathi pronunciation: [kolʱaːpuɾ]) is a district in the Maharashtra state of India. The city of Kolhapur is its district headquarter. It is situated near Panchaganga river.

It is bordered by the Sangli district to the north, by Ratnagiri district, Sindhudurg to the west and by Karnataka state to the east.

Kolhapur was a princely state during British rule in India. Shahu Maharaj ruled the state from 1894 to 1922 and worked toward its social and educational development. Kolhapur was a major hub of the Marathi film industry and was known as Chitranagari. It is now known as Bhalji Pendharkar Chitranagari.
2014 Rialto Channel New Zealand Film Awards
The 2014 Rialto Channel New Zealand Film Awards was the third presentation of the New Zealand Film Awards, a New Zealand film industry award. The 2014 ceremony took place in Shed 10 on Queen's Wharf in Auckland on Friday 12 December 2014. It was webcast live on the New Zealand Herald website, and later broadcast on the Rialto Channel.

Rialto Channel
Rialto, is a commercial television channel in New Zealand. It began broadcasting in November 2002 on Sky Network Television, who is its part-owner. Rialto developed from the Sundance Channel, owned by David Ross, entertainment entrepreneur John Barnett, businessman Wayne Brown and Peter Francis.

In 2002, the latter three sold shares to Hawken, who has since owned the channel 50:50 with Ross. Sky is not involved with the overseas expansion.

The channel screens films, documentaries and general entertainment programming. The channel has at times sponsored the New Zealand Film Awards.
Abdilda Tazhibaev
Äbdıldä Täjıbaiūly Täjıbaev (Kazakh: Әбділдә Тәжібайұлы Тәжібаев; 4 February [O.S. 22 January] 1909 – 1991) was a Kazakh writer, screenwriter, and playwright. He was named a People's Writer of the Kazakh SSR in 1985.

Tazhibayev came from a literary family; his mother, Aimankul Tazhibaeva, also wrote in Kazakh. His son, Rustem Tazhibaev, is a film director.

People's Writer
People's Writer is a honorary title to distinguished writers.

The title originated in the Soviet Union and was  granted by the Republics of the Soviet Union and the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics. Some post-Soviet states continue granting this type of award.

People's Writer of Azerbaijan

People's Writer of Bashkortostan

People's Writer of Belarus

People's Writer of the Kazakh SSR

People's Writer of the Kyrgyz Republic

People's Writer of the Latvian SSR

People's Writer of the Lithuanian SSR

People's Writer of the Mari El Republic

People's Writer (Poet) of the Republic of Dagestan

People's Writer of the Republic of Tatarstan

People's Writer of the Republic of Dagestan

People's Writer of the Chuvash Republic

People's Writer of the Estonian SSR
17th Africa Movie Academy Awards
The 2021 African Movie Academy Award ceremony was held on Sunday 28 November 2021 at the Marriott Hotel in Lagos Nigeria.

Submissions for consideration for the awards were held between 31 May and 31 July 2021. Over 500 films were submitted for consideration.

The nominees in 26 categories were announced in a ceremony held at Ebony Life Place, Victoria Island Lagos, on Friday 29 October 2021 by the head of the jury, Steve Oluseyi Ayorinde. The Somalian movie, Gravedigger’s Wife received the highest number of nominations including Best Film in African Language, Best Actor in a Leading Role, and Best Director. Other nominated films include Omo Ghetto: The Saga, Ayinla and Eyimofe. Oluwabamike Olawunmi-Adenibuyan, a former housemate in Big Brother Naija was nominated in the Best Young/Promising Actor category for her role in the movie Collision Course.

Ayinla (film)
Ayinla is a 2021 musical eponymous film based on the life of Ayinla Yusuf, popularly known as Ayinla Omowura, an Apala musician who was stabbed to death by his manager named Bayewu in a bar fight on 6 May 1980 at Abeokuta. The film premiered on 13 June 2021 in Lagos and was released to theatres on 18 June 2021. Directed by Tunde Kelani, the film was set in the 1970s and early 1980s and shot in Abeokuta, Ogun State. Lateef Adedimeji assumed the role of Ayinla, starring alongside Omowumi Dada, Bimbo Manuel, Ade Laoye, Kunle Afolayan, Bimbo Ademoye and Mr Macaroni. Ayinla is Kelani's first major film since his 2015 release of Dazzling Mirage. The budget for this feature film is officially given as ₦50 Million.
Știința Stadium
Știința Stadium (Romanian: Stadionul Știința) is a football stadium in Timișoara. Opened in 1928, the stadium is located on the campus of the Polytechnic University of Timișoara. The stadium has an athletics track, an electronic scoreboard, floodlights, as well as facilities for athletes (locker rooms, showers, gym, etc.). Politehnica Timișoara, the city's flagship team, played on this stadium until the construction of Dan Păltinișanu Stadium. It is now used by Liga II team SSU Politehnica Timișoara.

In 2020, the National Investment Company approved an extensive expansion and modernization project that provides for increasing the capacity of the grandstands to 3,000 seats, rooftop minifootball fields, various sports spaces and functions, as well as an above-ground parking lot.

Liga II
The Liga 2, most commonly spelled as Liga II, is the second level of the Romanian football league system. The league changed its name from Divizia B just before the start of the 2006–07 football season. It is currently sponsored by Casa Pariurilor, a betting company under the official name Liga 2 Casa Pariurilor.
Russian military commissariats attacks
A series of Molotov cocktail arson attacks and shootings took place in Russian military commissariat registration and enlistment offices following the start of the country's invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Other governmental buildings were also attacked in multiple regions of Russia. Part of the Russian partisan and anti-war movements, the attacks were spurred by several factors, including the invasion of Ukraine, the deployment of Russian conscripts to the front line, the start of spring conscription, and rumors about possible mobilization in the country, which were later found to be true.

Commissariat offices recruit servicemen to the Russian Army and choose who is eligible and ineligible for service. The attacks were not a single coordinated campaign; and were led by a variety of people, from left-wing anarchists and scammers to far-right groups and assorted lone wolf actors.

Russian Ground Forces
The Russian Ground Forces (Russian: Сухопу́тные войска́ [СВ], romanized: Sukhopútnye Voyská [SV]), also known as the Russian Army in English, are the land forces of the Russian Armed Forces.

The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Forces are the protection of the state borders and land-based combat operations.
The president of Russia is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces is appointed by the president of Russia. The Main Command of the Ground Forces is based in Moscow.
The Language of Life
The Language of Life is the fifth studio album by British musical duo Everything but the Girl. It was released on 5 February 1990 by Atlantic Records and Blanco y Negro Records.

The Language of Life became Everything but the Girl's second album to surpass sales of 500,000 copies, but the album divided the group's British fanbase. In 2012, group member Tracey Thorn described The Language of Life as "a slightly slick, kind of semi-jazzy, sophisticated record" and recalled that it "was a definite attempt to try and do something that had a character to it, but in retrospect when we were asked why we had taken that direction, we couldn't entirely say why".

Nick Knight (photographer)
Nicholas David Gordon Knight CBE (born 24 November 1958) is a British fashion photographer and founder and director of SHOWstudio.com. He is an honorary professor at University of the Arts London and was awarded an honorary Ph.D. by the same university. He has produced books of his work including retrospectives Nicknight (1994) and Nick Knight (2009). In 2016, Knight's 1992 campaign photograph for fashion brand Jil Sander was sold by Phillips auction house at the record-breaking price of HKD 2,360,000.
Ulearum donburnsii
Ulearum donburnsii is a species of plant in the family Araceae. Native to the Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador, it can be distinguished from its relative Ulearum sagittatum by the finer, thread-like staminodes on its spadix. It has arrowhead-shaped leaves and grows terrestrially from small rhizomes. The species was described in 2003 and named for Don Burns, a noted grower of aroids and a member of the International Aroid Society.

Staminode
In botany, a staminode is an often rudimentary, sterile or abortive stamen, which means that it does not produce pollen.  Staminodes are frequently inconspicuous and stamen-like, usually occurring at the inner whorl of the flower, but are also sometimes long enough to protrude from the corolla.

Sometimes, the staminodes are modified to produce nectar, as in the witch-hazel (Hamamelis).

Staminodes can be a critical characteristic for differentiating between species, for  instance in the orchid genus Paphiopedilum, and among the penstemons.

In the case of cannas, the petals are inconsequential and the staminodes are refined into eye-catching petal-like replacements.

A spectacular example of staminode is given by Couroupita guianensis, a tropical tree growing in South America also known as the cannonball tree.
Dave Luckett
Dave Luckett (born 1951) is an Australian children's writer born in Stanmore, New South Wales. He has written three non-fiction books about cricket and medieval weapons and armour. He has also written three series of fantasy books as well as a number of standalone fantasy books. One of the series, The Rhianna Chronicles, has been reprinted in the United States and Poland. His A Dark Winter won the Aurealis Award for best fantasy novel in 1998.

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
Digital phobic
Digital phobic is an informal phrase used to describe a reluctance to become fully immersed in the digital age for being fearful of how it might negatively change or alter everyday life.

The fast-paced development of the digital world in the twenty-first century has contributed to the digital divide becoming a very real problem for a segment of the population for whom a lack of education of, interest in, or access to digital devices has left them excluded from the technological world and fearful of its growing omnipresence.

Digital phobic is part of a growing dictionary of digital vocabulary exploring the social impact of the technological age.  The phrase considers the fears associated with technological evolution and change, and acknowledges the possibility of exclusion as a result of a rising reliance on technology in day-to-day life.

Digital electronics
Digital electronics is a field of electronics involving the study of digital signals and the engineering of devices that use or produce them. It deals with the relationship between binary inputs and outputs by passing electrical signals through logical gates, resistors, capacitors, amplifiers, and other electronic components. The field of digital electronics is in contrast to analog electronics, which work primarily with analog signals (signals with varying degrees of intensity as opposed to on/off two-state binary signals). Despite the name, digital electronics designs include important analog design considerations.

Large assemblies of logic gates, used to represent more complex ideas, are often packaged into integrated circuits. Complex devices may have simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions.
Shooting at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol
The qualification round of  Men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol event was held on 12 and 13 April 2018 at the Belmont Shooting Centre, while the final was held on 13 April 2018 at the same place. Anish Bhanwala from India won the gold medal while Sergei Evglevski from Australia won the silver medal.

Anish Bhanwala
Anish Bhanwala (born 26 September 2002) is an Indian sports shooter. Bhanwala has been a member of the Indian shooting team since 2017, representing the country at the Olympics, World Championships, Commonwealth Games, Asian Games, Asian Championships, South Asian Games, as well as multiple World Cups at both senior and junior levels.
V. Standish Mallory
Victor Standish Mallory (1919 in Englewood, New Jersey – February 15, 2003) was a micropaleontologist, biostratigrapher, Professor Emeritus at the University of Washington Department of Geology, and a Curator Emeritus of Invertebrate Paleontology at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture.

Mallory earned his BS in Geology from Oberlin College and his Masters and Ph. D. studying under Robert Kleinpell at the University of California, Berkeley. He was an expert in the Tertiary of Washington State and specialized in biostratigraphy using Foraminifera. A number of paleontological species from Eastern Washington and Oregon have the specific epithet "malloryi" in honor of his expertise in the stratigraphy and paleontology of the area, including the Miocence chipmunk, Neotamias malloryi plus the Ypresian sumac Rhus malloryi and winter-hazel Fothergilla malloryi.

V. Standish Mallory

Micropaleontology
Micropaleontology (American spelling; spelled micropalaeontology in European usage) is the branch of paleontology (palaeontology) that studies microfossils, or fossils that require the use of a microscope to see the organism, its morphology and its characteristic details.
War Pass
War Pass (April 17, 2005 – December 24, 2010) was an American champion Thoroughbred racehorse and winner of the 2007 Breeders' Cup Juvenile. Owned by Robert V. LaPenta and bred by Cherry Valley Farm, he was out of the mare Vue, a daughter of the influential Champion sire Mr. Prospector. He was sired by the 1994 Breeders' Cup Sprint winner, Cherokee Run, a descendant of the very important sire Nearco.

Champion
A champion (from the late Latin campio) is the victor in a challenge, contest or competition. There can be a territorial pyramid of championships, e.g. local, regional/provincial/state, national, continental and world championships, and even further (artificial) divisions at one or more of these levels, as in association football. Their champions can be accordingly styled, e.g. national champion, world champion.
Jithan
Jithan (spelt onscreen as Githan) is a 2005 Indian Tamil-language  supernatural romantic thriller film directed by R. K. Vincent Selva. The film stars Ramesh (in his Tamil debut) and Pooja along with Kalabhavan Mani,  S. Ve. Shekher, Livingston, Mukesh and Nalini. R. Sarathkumar played a guest role in the film.

The film was simultaneously shot with the Hindi film, Gayab (2004) and was produced by Raadan Mediaworks, owned by Radhika. The music for the film was composed by Srikanth Deva. The film was released to positive reviews and became a hit.

S. Ve. Shekher
Sattanathapuram Venkataraman Shekher (born 26 December 1950) is an Indian actor, film director, screenwriter, politician and also a playwright in Tamil-language plays. In 2006, he was elected as an MLA for the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) from Mylapore. He is the founder of Federation of Brahmin associations of South India (FEBAS).
Tracy Drake
Tracy C. Drake (1864–1939) and his brother John Drake Jnr. were the developers and proprietors of the Blackstone Hotel and Drake Hotel, which are both located along Michigan Avenue in Chicago, IL.  The former is located in the Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District and the latter along the Magnificent Mile. Their father John Drake (1826-1895), was also a hotelier and the  business partner of Timothy Blackstone.

Michigan Avenue (Chicago)
Michigan Avenue is a north-south street in Chicago that runs at 100 east on the Chicago grid.  The northern end of the street is at DuSable Lake Shore Drive on the shore of Lake Michigan in the Gold Coast Historic District. The street's southern terminus is at Sibley Boulevard in the southern suburb of Dolton, but like many other Chicago streets, it exists in several disjointed segments.

As the home of the Chicago Water Tower, the Art Institute of Chicago, Millennium Park, and the  shopping on the Magnificent Mile, it is a street well-known to Chicago natives as well as tourists to the city.  Michigan Avenue also is the main commercial street of Streeterville. It includes all of the Historic Michigan Boulevard District and most of the Michigan–Wacker Historic District, including the scenic urban space anchored by the DuSable (Michigan Avenue) Bridge.
Bo Bo Aung
Bo Bo Aung (Burmese: ဘိုးဘိုးအောင်) was a prominent Burmese weizza or wizard (Burmese: ဝိဇ္ဇာ, Pali: vijjādhara) from Sagaing, who lived in Myanmar under the Konbaung dynasty (18th century). He was also called Maung Aung, or "Master Victory".  He supposedly lived to be around 200 years of age.  He is credited with creating the modern weizza movement when he discovered  manuscripts revealing the secrets of weizzas and mastered the art of qi. "Bo Bo" is a common Burmese honorific which translates to "grandpa".

Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with style and customs.

Typically, honorifics are used as a style in the grammatical third person, and as a form of address in the second person. Some languages have anti-honorific (despective or humilific) first person forms (expressions such as "your most humble servant" or "this unworthy person") whose effect is to enhance the relative honor accorded to the person addressed.
Matt Simm
Matthew Turnbull Simm (4 January 1869 – 8 October 1928) was a National Democratic and Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) representing Wallsend, from 1918 to 1922.

At the 1922 general election he stood for re-election as a candidate of the National Liberals but came fourth as the seat was won by Patrick Hastings of the Labour Party.

1922 United Kingdom general election
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Wednesday 15 November 1922. It was won by the Conservative Party, led by Prime Minister Bonar Law, which gained an overall majority over the Labour Party, led by J. R. Clynes, and a divided Liberal Party.

This election is considered one of political realignment, with the Liberal Party falling to third-party status. The Conservative Party went on to spend all but eight of the next forty-two years as the largest party in Parliament, and Labour emerged as the main competition to the Conservatives.

The election was the first not to be held in Southern Ireland, due to the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6 December 1921, under which Southern Ireland was to secede from the United Kingdom as a Dominion – the Irish Free State – on 6 December 1922. This reduced the size of the House of Commons by nearly one hundred seats when compared to the previous election.
Holy Rosary Church (Cleveland)
Holy Rosary Catholic Church is a historic Catholic parish church in the Little Italy neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
Founded in the early 1890s, the parish completed the present Baroque-styled church shortly before 1910; the building has been named a historic site.

Historic site
A historic site or heritage site is an official location where pieces of political, military, cultural, or social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value. Historic sites are usually protected by law, and many have been recognized with official historic status. A historic site may be any building, landscape, site or structure that is of local, regional, national, or global significance. Usually this also means the site must be at least 50 years or older.
Sørfjorden, Indre Fosen
Sørfjorden or Mælan is a village in Indre Fosen Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located at the head of the Sørfjorden, an arm of the Stjørnfjorden. It is located about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southeast of the village of Råkvåg, about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) east of Husbysjøen, about 22 kilometres (14 mi) northeast of the village of Hasselvika, and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of the lake Storvatnet. Ramsvik Church is located on the north shore of the fjord, just west of the village.

The 0.33-square-kilometre (82-acre) village (including neighboring Husbysjøen) had a population (2014) of 243 and a population density of 736.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,907/sq mi). Since 2014, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.

Statistics Norway
Statistics Norway (Norwegian: Statistisk sentralbyrå, abbreviated to SSB) is the Norwegian statistics bureau. It was established in 1876.

With a staff of approximately 1,000, it publishes around 1,000 new statistical releases annually on its website in both Norwegian and English. Additionally, it offers a number of edited publications, all of which are available for free online.

As the central Norwegian office for official government statistics, Statistics Norway provides the public and government with extensive research and analysis activities. It is administratively placed under the Ministry of Finance but operates independently from all government agencies. Statistics Norway has a board appointed by the government. It relies extensively on data from registers, but are also collecting data from surveys and questionnaires, including from cities and municipalities.