hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jasper Avenue
Jasper Avenue is an arterial road in central Edmonton, Alberta, and is the city's main street. Jasper Avenue has no official street number but is aligned with 101 Avenue with the majority of its length. Jasper Avenue is a major public transit route as several of Edmonton's busiest bus routes travel along it. The LRT travels underneath Jasper Avenue between 99 and 110 Streets. It is named after Jasper Hawes, manager of a North West Company trading post of Jasper House in the early 1800s, located in present-day Jasper National Park.

North West Company
The North West Company was a Canadian fur trading business headquartered in Montreal from 1779 to 1821. It competed with increasing success against the Hudson's Bay Company in the regions that later became Western Canada and Northwestern Ontario. With great wealth at stake, tensions between the companies increased to the point where several minor armed skirmishes broke out, and the two companies were forced by the British government to merge.
Parakeratosis
Parakeratosis is a mode of keratinization characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. In mucous membranes, parakeratosis is normal.  In the skin, this process leads to the abnormal replacement of annular squames with nucleated cells. Parakeratosis is associated with the thinning or loss of the granular layer and is usually seen in diseases of increased cell turnover, whether inflammatory or neoplastic. Parakeratosis is seen in the plaques of psoriasis and in dandruff.

Granular parakeratosis (originally termed axillary granular parakeratosis) is an idiopathic, benign, nondisabling cutaneous disease that manifests with intertriginous erythematous, brown or red, scaly or keratotic papules and plaques. It presents in all age groups and has no established clinical associations.

In contrast, hyperkeratosis (pictured) may also show a heterogeneous stratum corneum, but a preserved granular layer is seen.

Intertriginous
In medicine, an intertriginous area is where two skin areas may touch or rub together. Examples of intertriginous areas are the axilla of the arm, the anogenital region, skin folds of the breasts and between digits. Intertriginous areas are known to harbor large amounts of aerobic cocci and aerobic coryneform bacteria, which are both parts of normal skin flora.
Gouffé Case
The Gouffé Case, also known as the Gouffé trunk, Miller's bloody trunk or the Eyraud-Bompard affair, was an 1889 murder case which unfolded in France. On 26 July 1889, bailiff Toussaint-Augustin Gouffé of Montmartre, Paris, was reported missing. Two weeks later, Gouffé's corpse was found 300 miles (480 km) away, near Millery village, a suburb of Lyon. The case marked a milestone in the use of forensic pathology and forensic science in criminal investigations, and the trial of Gouffé's accused killers, Michel Eyraud and Gabrielle Bompard, captured the attention of the French press.

Forensic pathology
Forensic pathology is pathology that focuses on determining the cause of death by examining a corpse. A post mortem examination is performed by a medical examiner or forensic pathologist, usually during the investigation of criminal law cases and civil law cases in some jurisdictions. Coroners and medical examiners are also frequently asked to confirm the identity of remains.
Mohammad Nazar Faqiri
Haji Mohammad Nazar Faqiri (born 1955), or Nazar Muhammad Faqiri, was appointed to serve in the Meshrano Jirga, the upper house of Afghanistan`s national legislature, in 2005. He sits in the Meshrano Jirga as a direct appointment by Afghan President Hamid Karzai. Faqiri is from Baghlan Province, and is considered a tribal elder there.

He was born in 1955 in the village of Faqi in Pul-e-Khumri, Baghlan Province. and is a member of Afghanistan`s Tajik ethnic group. Faqiri completed high school prior to leaving Afghanistan as a war-time refugee in 1980. He went to live in Pakistan as a refugee in 1980, eventually serving as a director of two refugee camps.

An individual named Nazar Muhammad Faqiri was a candidate for the Wolesi Jirga in 2010, but failed to win a seat. Nevertheless the office of the Attorney General investigated whether he was involved in election irregularities.

Hajji
Hajji (Arabic: الحجّي; sometimes spelled Hajjeh, Hadji, Haji, Alhaji,  Al-HadjListenⓘ , Al-Haj or El-Hajj) is an honorific title which is given to a Muslim who is attending and performing the Hajj during the specific period to Mecca}}Hajj to Mecca.
Mario Bertini
Mario Bertini (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmaːrjo berˈtiːni]; born 7 January 1944) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a defender and midfielder. Throughout his career Bertini played for Italian clubs Empoli, Fiorentina, Inter Milan, Prato, and Rimini; he spent nine seasons with Inter, winning a Serie A title in 1971. At international level, he played for the Italy national team on 25 occasions between 1966 and 1972, scoring twice, and was a member of the team that reached the 1970 FIFA World Cup Final.

Mitropa Cup
The Mitropa Cup, officially called Coupe de l'Europe Centrale, Mitteleuropäischer Pokal or Central European Cup, was one of the first international major European football cups for club sides. It was conducted among the successor states of the former Austria-Hungary. After World War II in 1951 a replacement tournament named Zentropa Cup was held, but just for one season, the Mitropa Cup name was revived, and again in 1958 the name of the tournament changed to Danube Cup but only for one season. The tournament was discontinued after 1992.

The most successful club is Vasas with six titles.
Sanaa al-Sarghali
Sanaa al-Sarghali (born 2 February 1987) is a Palestinian legal and political researcher. She is the first woman from the State of Palestine to hold a PhD in Constitutional Law. She is an assistant professor at An-Najah National University and director of the Center for Constitutional Studies, which she co-founded in 2019. In 2019, she was appointed as the ninth member of the Palestinian Constitution Drafting Committee by the Palestinian National Council (PNC), the legislative arm of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). Then in 2020, she was appointed as the UNESCO Chair on Human Rights, Democracy and Peace.

Palestinian National Council
The Palestinian National Council (PNC; Arabic: المجلس الوطني الفلسطيني, romanized: Al-majlis Al-wataniu Al-filastiniu) is the legislative body - in Arabic, the Majlis - of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). The PNC is intended to serve as the parliament that represents all Palestinians inside and outside the Palestinian territories, and all sectors of the worldwide Palestinian community, including political parties, popular organizations, resistance movements, and independent figures from all sectors of life.

The Council met formally 20 times in the 27 years between 1964 and 1991. Since the Oslo Accords, the council met formally only twice: in 1996 and 2018.

The PNC is intended to be responsible for formulating the policies and programs for the PLO, and elects the PLO Executive Committee, which assumes leadership of the organization between its sessions. Resolutions are passed by a simple majority with a quorum of two-thirds. The PNC elects its own Chairman.
1947 Dustabad earthquake
The 1947 Dustabad earthquake, also known as the Charmeh earthquake, occurred in South Khorasan province of northeastern Iran on 23 September. The mainshock had a magnitude of Mw 6.9 and maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). It was accompanied by a Mw  6.1 aftershock on 26 September. These earthquakes killed an estimated 500 people.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Bo Fuzhun
Bo Fuzhun, also Bofuzhun (Chinese language: 勃匐準 Bo-fu-zhun, ruled from 745 CE per Chinese sources) was a ruler of the Turk Shahis. He is only known in name from Chinese imperial accounts and possibly numismatic sources. The identification of his coinage remains conjectural.

Old Book of Tang
The Old Book of Tang, or simply the Book of Tang, is the first classic historical work about the Tang dynasty, comprising 200 chapters, and is one of the Twenty-Four Histories. Originally compiled during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (10th century AD), it was superseded by the New Book of Tang, which was compiled in the Song dynasty, but later regained acceptance.

The credited editor was chief minister Liu Xu, but the bulk (if not all) of the editing work was actually completed by his predecessor Zhao Ying. The authors include Zhang Zhao, Jia Wei (賈緯), and Zhao Xi (趙熙).
Simon Ofori Ametepey
Simon Ofori Ametepey born on (23rd August 1982)  is a Ghanaian engineer who was appointed as a commissioner of the National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE). He is a member of the Project Management Institute (PMI) and the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET).

Institution of Engineering and Technology
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) is a multidisciplinary professional engineering institution. The IET was formed in 2006 from two separate institutions: the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), dating back to 1871, and the Institute of Incorporated Engineers (IIE), dating back to 1884. Its worldwide membership is currently in excess of 156,000 in 148 countries. The IET's main offices are in Savoy Place in London, England, and at Futures Place in Stevenage, England.

In the United Kingdom, the IET has the authority to establish professional registration for the titles of Chartered Engineer, Incorporated Engineer, Engineering Technician, and ICT Technician, as a licensed member institution of the Engineering Council.

The IET is registered as a charity in England, Wales and Scotland.
Ampelopsin
Ampelopsin, also known as dihydromyricetin and DHM, when used as an herbal medicine, is a flavanonol, a type of flavonoid. It is extracted from the Japanese raisin tree and found in Ampelopsis species japonica, megalophylla, and grossedentata; Cercidiphyllum japonicum;  Hovenia dulcis; Rhododendron cinnabarinum; some Pinus species; and some Cedrus species, as well as in Salix sachalinensis.

Hovenia dulcis has been used in traditional Japanese, Chinese, and Korean medicines to treat fever, parasitic infection, as a laxative, and a treatment of liver diseases, and as a hangover treatment. Methods have been developed to extract ampelopsin on a larger scale, and laboratory research has been conducted with the compound to see if it might be useful as a drug in any of the conditions for which the parent plant has been traditionally used.

Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Cercidiphyllum japonicum, known as the Katsura (from its Japanese name カツラ, 桂), is a species of flowering tree in the family Cercidiphyllaceae native to China and Japan. It is sometimes called caramel tree for the light caramel smell it emits during leaf fall. It is also sometimes called candyfloss tree because of the scent.
Phlegmacium ochribubalinum
Phlegmacium ochribubalinum is a species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Cortinariaceae, originally described in 2014 as Cortinarius ochribubalinus before being reclassified in 2022 based on molecular data. The mushroom features a 5–8 centimetre cap with an ochre-yellow centre fading to whitish at the margins, moderately spaced pale brownish-grey gills, and a club-shaped white stipe that gradually turns pale brown-yellow with age. It grows on the ground among deciduous trees in South Finland, particularly in species-rich woodlands dominated by aspen, birch, alder, oak, hazel and other broad-leaved trees.

Broad-leaved tree
A broad-leaved, broad-leaf, or broadleaf tree is any tree within the diverse botanical group of angiosperms that has flat leaves and produces seeds inside of fruits. It is one of two general types of trees, the other being a conifer, a tree with needle-like or scale-like leaves and seeds borne in woody cones. Broad-leaved trees are sometimes known as hardwoods.

Most deciduous trees are broad-leaved, but some are coniferous, like larches.
Bōgutsuki Karate
Bōgutsuki Karate (防具付き空手 or ぼうぐつきからて, eng. Karate with Armour) is one of the competition formats of Karate.
It is also known as bōgu karate (防具空手, Armour Karate), bōgu-tsuki shiai (防具付試合), bōgu-tsuki kumite (防具付組手, Kumite with Armour).

Yasuhiro Konishi
Yasuhiro Konishi (小西康裕, Konishi Yasuhiro; 1893 - 1983) was one of the first karateka to teach karate on mainland Japan. He was instrumental in developing modern karate, as well as a driving force in the art's acceptance in Japan. He is credited with developing the style known as Shindō jinen-ryū (神道自然流).
Michael M. Cernea
Michael (Mihail) M. Cernea (born 14 October 1931) is a sociologist and anthropologist born in Romania who reestablished himself in the United States in 1974, where he has since lived. He is widely recognized for introducing sociological and anthropological approaches into the World Bank. He worked as the World Bank's Senior Adviser for Sociology and Social Policy until 1997. He has published on a wide range of the effects of development, including social change, social forestry, participation, grassroots organizations, and population resettlement. He is an author of the term "development-induced displacement and resettlement".

Judith Freidenberg reports Cernea as arguing that "Development Anthropology is a Contact Sport".

Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy (Romanian: Academia Română [akadeˈmi.a roˈmɨnə]) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life.

According to its bylaws, the academy's main goals are the cultivation of Romanian language and Romanian literature, the study of the national history of Romania and research into major scientific domains. Some of the academy's fundamental projects are the Romanian language dictionary (Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române), the dictionary of Romanian literature, and the treatise on the history of the Romanian people.
Jack A. Roth
Jack Alan Roth is an American physician-scientist, thoracic surgeon, and translational cancer researcher best known for leading early clinical development of gene-based therapies for thoracic malignancies and for pioneering multidisciplinary, molecularly informed approaches to lung and esophageal cancer. He is a professor in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, director of the W. M. Keck Center for Innovative Cancer Therapies, and chief of the Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology.

Cardiothoracic surgery
Cardiothoracic (CT) surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thoracic cavity — generally treatment of conditions of the heart (heart disease), lungs (lung disease), and other pleural or mediastinal structures.

In most countries, cardiothoracic surgery is further subspecialized into cardiac surgery (involving the heart and the great vessels) and thoracic surgery (involving the lungs, esophagus, thymus, etc.); the exceptions are the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, India and some European Union countries such as Portugal.
McArthur, Arkansas
McArthur is an unincorporated community in Clayton Township, Desha County, Arkansas. It is located on Arkansas Highway 1 northeast of McGehee.

McArthur is one of two possible sites of the death of Hernando de Soto. The Natives of the region called the Mississippi River "Tamaliseu", while De Soto called it "Río del Espíritu Santo". Afraid of revealing to the Native Americans that he was a mortal and not a deity, he opted for a watery burial under the Mississippi.

Desha County, Arkansas
Desha County (/dəˈʃeɪ/ də-SHAY) is a county located in the southeast part of the U.S. state of Arkansas, with its eastern border the Mississippi River. At the 2020 census, the population was 11,395. The county is plurality-African American. The county seat is Arkansas City.
Serraaine El Faouqa
Saraain El Faouqa  (Arabic: سرعين الفوقا) is a village located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northeast of Rayak in Baalbek District, Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon. Most of its inhabitants Shia Muslims and a minority are Maronites.

Lebanese Shia Muslims
Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيون), historically and communally known as Matāwila (Arabic: متاولة, plural of متوالي mutawāli; pronounced as متوالي metouéle in Lebanese Arabic), are Lebanese people who are adherents of Shia Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role alongside Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. Shiite Muslims in Lebanon are synonymous with Twelver Shi'ism and are distinguished from Alawites and Isma'ilis.

Today, Shiite Muslims constitute around 31.2% of the Lebanese population per the CIA's World Factbook. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Shiites are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament.
Iulota ischnora
Iulota ischnora is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1919. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are ochreous-whitish irrorated with dark-fuscous, which tends to be arranged in longitudinal streaks. The first discal is obsolete. The other stigmata are indicated, with an additional dot above the middle and with the termen irrorated with dark fuscous. The hindwings are whitish.

Alfred Jefferis Turner
Alfred Jefferis Turner (3 October 1861 in Canton – 29 December 1947 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) was a pediatrician and amateur entomologist. He was the son of missionary Frederick Storrs-Turner. He introduced the use of diphtheria antitoxin to Australia in 1895, and resided in Dauphin Terrace, Highgate Hill, Brisbane.

The Jefferis Turner Centre for mothercraft was opened in 1952 as part of the Queensland Government's Maternal and Child Welfare program. In 1986, its role was changed to provide short-term respite care for intellectually disabled children. It is located in the heritage building Fairy Knoll in Ipswich.
Yangon City FM Awards
The Yangon City FM Music Awards are annual music awards organised by Yangon City FM, a radio station owned by the Yangon City Development Committee, the city's municipal corporation. The awards ceremony is held at the Myanmar Convention Centre. The highly coveted awards were first held in 2002. Several awards are given on the basis of albums sales volumes in the Yangon metropolitan region.

Music award
A music award is an award or prize given to honour skill or distinction in music. There are different awards in different countries, and awards may focus on or exclude certain music; for example, some awards are only for classical music and not focused on popular music. Some awards are academic, while others are commercial and created by the music industry.
Zachary Taylor Wellington House
Zachary Taylor Wellington House is a historic home located at Huntington, Cabell County, West Virginia. It is a two-story I house form dwelling.  It was originally constructed about 1847, as a small, 1+1⁄2-story, hall-and parlor house. About 1870, an addition and substantial changes were made giving the house its current appearance with Folk Victorian detailing.  The house is associated with Zachary Taylor Wellington (18 April 1847 – 25 August 1923) a prominent Republican politician who served in numerous public offices while residing in Guyandotte.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

I-house
The I-house is a vernacular house type, popular in the United States from the colonial period onward. The I-house was so named in the 1930s by Fred Kniffen, a cultural geographer at Louisiana State University who was a specialist in folk architecture. He identified and analyzed the type in his 1936 study of Louisiana house types.

He chose the name "I-house" because the style was commonly built in the rural farm areas of Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, all states beginning with the letter "I". But he was not implying that this house type originated in, or was restricted to, those three states. It is also referred to as Plantation Plain style.
Lys-MDA
Lys-MDA, or lysine-MDA, also known as N-(L-lysinamidyl)-MDA, is an entactogen of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and MDxx families with entactogenic effects, which acts as a prodrug for MDA with a somewhat slower onset of effects and longer duration of action. Lys-MDA, along with the related derivative Lys-MDMA, are in early stage human clinical trials as potential treatments for treatment-resistant depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. New MDMA prodrugs are in the development phase at MiHKAL GmbH in Switzerland. A phase 1 clinical trial comparing MDMA, MDA, Lys-MDMA, and Lys-MDA has been completed as of August 2024. The trial results, which included pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic findings, was published in September 2025.

Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon 'drug' and kinetikos 'moving, putting in motion'; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to describing how the body affects a specific substance after administration. The substances of interest include any chemical xenobiotics such as pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, food additives, cosmetics, etc. PK attempts to analyze chemical metabolism and discover the fate of a chemical from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body. PK is based on mathematical modeling that places great emphasis on the relationship between drug plasma concentration and the time elapsed since the drug's administration. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how an organism affects the drug, whereas pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of how the drug affects the organism. Both together influence dosing, benefit, and adverse effects, as seen in PK/PD models.
Vandana Shiva
Vandana Shiva (born 5 November 1952) is an Indian scholar, environmental activist, food sovereignty advocate, ecofeminist and anti-globalization author. Based in Delhi, Shiva has written more than 20 books. She is often referred to as "Gandhi of grain" for her activism associated with the anti-GMO movement.

Shiva is one of the leaders and board members of the International Forum on Globalization (with Jerry Mander, Ralph Nader, and Helena Norberg-Hodge), and a figure of the anti-globalisation movement. She has argued in favour of many traditional practices, as in her interview in the book Vedic Ecology (by Ranchor Prime). She is a member of the scientific committee of the Fundacion IDEAS, Spain's Socialist Party's think tank. She is also a member of the International Organization for a Participatory Society.

Chelsea Green Publishing
Chelsea Green Publishing is an American publishing company that specialises in non-fiction books on progressive politics and sustainable living. Based in Vermont, it has published over 400 books since it was founded in 1984, and now releases between 25 and 30 titles each year.