hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sarah Rowland-Jones
Sarah Rowland-Jones FRCP is a British physician who is a Professor of Immunology at the University of Oxford. She works on immune responses to HIV infection. She has focussed her research on problems caused by HIV in Africa, with a hope to create  a successful HIV vaccine. She is the former president of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Nature Medicine
Nature Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Nature Portfolio covering all aspects of medicine. It was established in 1995. The journal seeks to publish research papers that "demonstrate novel insight into disease processes, with direct evidence of the physiological relevance of the results". Nature Medicine also publishes reviews, perspectives and other content commissioned from leading scientists in their fields. As with other Nature journals, there is no external editorial board, with editorial decisions being made by an in-house team, although peer review by external expert referees forms a part of the review process. The editor-in-chief is João Monteiro.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 58.7, ranking it 1st out of 296 journals in the category "Biochemistry & Molecular Biology".
The table below provides a detailed overview of recent bibliometric indicators for Nature Medicine:
Estrone sulfate
Estrone sulfate, also known as E1S, E1SO4 and estrone 3-sulfate, is a natural, endogenous steroid and an estrogen ester and conjugate.

In addition to its role as a natural hormone, estrone sulfate is used as a medication, for instance in menopausal hormone therapy; for information on estrone sulfate as a medication, see the estrone sulfate (medication) article.

Endogeny (biology)
Endogeny, in biology, refers to the property of originating or developing from within an organism, tissue, or cell.

For example, endogenous substances, and endogenous processes are those that originate within a living system (e.g. an organism or a cell). For instance, estradiol is an endogenous estrogen hormone produced within the body, whereas ethinylestradiol is an exogenous synthetic estrogen, commonly used in birth control pills.

In contrast, exogenous substances and exogenous processes are those that originate from outside of an organism.
April 2016 Idlib bombings
The April 2016 Idlib bombings are two separate aerial bombardments on marketplaces in the rebel-held towns of Maarrat al-Nu'man and Kafr Nabl in the Idlib Governorate of Syria. The bombings killed more than 40 civilians and was described as a massacre by the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.

Maarat al-Numan
Maarat al-Numan (Arabic: مَعَرَّةُ النُّعْمَانِ, romanized: Maʿarrat an-Nuʿmān), also known as al-Ma'arra, is a city in northwestern Syria, 33 km (21 mi) south of Idlib and 57 km (35 mi) north of Hama, with a population of 58,008 at the time of the 2004 census. In 2017, it was estimated to have a population of 80,000, including several displaced by fighting in neighbouring towns. It is located on the highway between Aleppo and Hama and near the Dead Cities of Bara and Serjilla.
2007 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship
The 2007 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship was a golf tournament that was played from February 21–25, 2007 over the South Course at The Gallery Golf Club at Dove Mountain in Marana, Arizona. It was the ninth WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship and the first of three World Golf Championships events held in 2007. It was the first time the championship was played at The Gallery, having previously been hosted by the La Costa Resort and Spa in Carlsbad, California.

Henrik Stenson defeated defending champion Geoff Ogilvy 2 and 1 in the 36 hole final to claim his first World Golf Championships title. The total purse was $8,000,000 of which Stenson earned $1,350,000. He also became the first player from Continental Europe to win one of the individual World Golf Championships.

Henrik Stenson
Henrik Olof Stenson (pronounced [ˈhɛ̌nːrɪk ˈstěːnsɔn]; born 5 April 1976) is a Swedish professional golfer. In the late 1990s, Stenson turned pro and had much success on the European Tour, winning a number of events in the 2000s. In 2009, Stenson won the PGA Tour's flagship event, The Players Championship, and has primarily focused on the United States since then. Shortly thereafter, however, Stenson entered a drought where he fell out of the top 200 in the world. In 2013, however, Stenson had his most successful year, winning a number of significant worldwide titles and finishing runner-up at the Open Championship. Due to his success he won the season-ending titles for the PGA Tour, the FedEx Cup, and European Tour, the Race to Dubai. In 2016, Stenson won his only major championship, the Open Championship by three strokes over Phil Mickelson.
Frank Szécsi
Frank Szécsi de Felsőlendva (Széchy; died 28 September 1396) was a Hungarian nobleman from the influential House of Szécsi.   He was the son of Nicholas I Szécsi, the Palatine of Hungary (1385–1386) and Margit Debreceni, granddaughter of former palatine Dózsa Debreceni. He had three brothers, including Nicholas II, who served as Master of the treasury. He had no children.

He functioned as Ban of Szörény and Ispán of Temes County between 1393 and 1394. He held the office of Royal treasurer from November 1394 to May 1396. He was killed in the Battle of Nicopolis.

Palatine of Hungary
The Palatine of Hungary (Hungarian: nádor or nádorispán, German: Landespalatin, Latin: palatinus regni Hungariae) was the highest-ranking office in the Kingdom of Hungary from the beginning of the 11th century to 1848. Initially, Palatines were representatives of the monarchs, later (from 1723) the vice-regent (viceroy). In the early centuries of the kingdom, they were appointed by the king, and later (from 1608) were elected by the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary. A Palatine's jurisdiction included only Hungary proper, in the Kingdom of Croatia until 1918 the ban held similar function as the highest office in the Kingdom (after the king himself), monarch's representative, commander of the royal army and viceroy (after the union of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia with Hungary in 1102).
December 2022 Gulf 12 Hours
The 2022 Gulf 12 Hours was the 12th edition of the Gulf 12 Hours, and was held at Yas Marina Circuit on 9–11 December 2022. The race was contested with GT3-spec cars and Porsche 992 Cup spec cars. It was the final round of the 2022 Intercontinental GT Challenge, replacing the Kyalami 9 Hours. This was the first of a trio of Gulf-based events promoted by the Driving Force Events (DFE).

Porsche Supercup
The Porsche Supercup (officially known as Porsche Mobil 1 Supercup, known as Porsche Michelin Supercup prior to 2007 and often abbreviated as PSC) is an international one-make production stock car racing series supporting the FIA Formula One World Championship organized by Porsche Motorsport GmbH.

Porsche Supercup drivers compete in identical Porsche 911 GT3 Cup cars. On average, 24 race cars take part in each race. Most circuits visited by the series are European, although circuits in Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, the United States and Mexico have been included in the calendar as well.
Serenad
"Serenad" (in English: "Serenade"; in Finnish: "Serenadi"), JS 168, is an art song for baritone and orchestra written in c. 1894–1895 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The piece, which is a setting of the eponymous poem by the Swedish poet Erik Johan Stagnelius, premiered on 17 April in Helsinki, with Sibelius conducting the Helsinki Philharmonic Society; the soloist was the Finnish baritone Abraham Ojanperä.

The "Serenad", however, remained unpublished and was never performed again in Sibelius's lifetime, apparently because he wished to revise it (however, a planned revision in 1910 never materialized). In 1984, however, the composer's estate agreed to permit its recording. The song was first published in Volume VIII/1 of the Jean Sibelius Works (JSW) critical edition, an ongoing collaborative project involving the National Library of Finland, the German firm of Breitkopf & Härtel, and the Sibelius Society of Finland.

Sibelius Society of Finland
The Sibelius Society of Finland (Finnish: Sibelius-Seura ry, Swedish: Sibelius-Samfundet rf) is a society in Finland dedicated to the music of the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. It was set up in December 1957. The Society and the Ministry of Education opened the composer and his wife Aino's Järvenpää house Ainola as a museum in 1974. Since 1965 they have also organised the international Sibelius competition in violin every five years.
William Penn Foundation
The William Penn Foundation is a grant-making foundation established in 1945 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by businessman Otto Haas and his wife Phoebe, and initially called the Phoebe Waterman Foundation.

It strives to improve "the quality of life in the Greater Philadelphia region through efforts that foster rich cultural expression, strengthen children’s futures, and deepen connections to nature and community."

In 2008, it disbursed new and continuing grants worth $62,974,512.

In 2021, it made grants totalling $183,602,884. Recipients were charities in the areas of education, arts and the environment.

Rohm and Haas
Rohm and Haas Company is a US manufacturer of specialty chemicals for end use markets such as building and construction, electronic devices, packaging, household and personal care products. Headquartered in Philadelphia, the company is organized into three business groups of Specialty Materials, Performance Materials and Electronic Materials, and also has two stand-alone businesses of Powder Coatings and Salt. Formerly a Fortune 500 Company, Rohm and Haas employs more than 17,000 people in 27 countries, with its last sales revenue reported as an independent company at US$8.9 billion.  Dow Chemical Company bought Rohm and Haas for $15 billion in 2009.
Optical Express
Optical Express is a provider of ophthalmology services including laser eye surgery, cataract surgery and lens replacement surgery in the United Kingdom and Europe.

Optical Express is a trading name of DCM (Optical Holdings) Limited which operates as the Optical Express Group. In 2013 the company was described by the Competition Commission as the market leader in refractive surgery. As a chain of retail opticians, offering a number of healthcare services, the company once operated a private hospital in Manchester. This closed on 4 June 2015.

Refractive surgery
Refractive surgery is an optional eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and thereby decrease or eliminate dependency on glasses or contact lenses. This can include various methods of surgical remodeling of the cornea (keratomileusis), lens implantation or lens replacement. The most common methods today use excimer lasers to reshape the curvature of the cornea. Refractive eye surgeries are used to treat common vision disorders such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism.
Ezenzeleni Blind Institute
Ezenzeli Blind Institute was a school for the blind in Roodepoort, near Johannesburg in South Africa. It was founded in 1939 by Arthur Blaxall, a British-born Anglican pastor who with his wife worked in South Africa since 1923.

Among the institute's teachers was Es'kia Mphahlele, who worked there in the 1940s. Desmond Tutu's mother Aletha worked there is a cook in the same period; it was there that Tutu met Trevor Huddleston.

Roodepoort
Roodepoort (locally /ˈrʊərdəpʊərt/ ROOR-də-poort) is a city in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Formerly an independent municipality, Roodepoort became part of the Johannesburg municipality in the late 1990s, along with Randburg and Sandton. Johannesburg's most famous botanical garden, Witwatersrand National Botanical Gardens (now renamed Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden), is located in Roodepoort.
Daisy Mullan
Daisy Elizabeth Mullan (born 29 November 2002) is an English cricketer who currently plays for Lancashire. An all-rounder, she is a right-handed batter and right-arm medium bowler. She has previously played for North Representative XI, Cumbria, The Blaze, North West Thunder and Manchester Originals.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a handful of batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batter and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term wicket-keeper-batter is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicket keepers who also bowl.
Apollo's Arrow
Apollo’s Arrow: The Science of Prediction and the Future of Everything is a non-fiction book about prediction written by Canadian author and mathematician David Orrell. The book was initially published in Canada by HarperCollins in 2007, and was a national bestseller. It was published in the United States as The Future of Everything: The Science of Prediction, and translated versions were also published in Japan, South Korea and China.

The book was taught as part of a university course in “Forecasting via Mathematical Modeling” at Gustavus Adolphus College in 2009.

Prediction
A prediction (from Latin  prae- 'before' and  dictum 'something said') or  forecast is a statement about a future event or about future data. Predictions are often, but not always, based upon experience or knowledge of forecasters. There is no universal agreement about the exact difference between "prediction" and "estimation"; different authors and disciplines ascribe different connotations.

Future events are necessarily uncertain, so guaranteed accurate information about the future is impossible. Prediction can be useful to assist in making plans about possible developments.
Youth Criminal Justice Act
The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA; French: Loi sur le système de justice pénale pour les adolescents) is a federal Canadian statute that covers the prosecution of youths for criminal offences.

Coming into effect on April 1, 2003, the Act replaced the Young Offenders Act, which itself was a replacement for the Juvenile Delinquents Act.

Counsel
A counsel or a counsellor at law is a person who gives advice and deals with various issues, particularly in legal matters. It is a title often used interchangeably with the title of lawyer.

The word counsel can also mean advice given outside of the context of the legal profession.
J. K. Gibson-Graham
J. K. Gibson-Graham is a pen name shared by feminist economic geographers Julie Graham and Katherine Gibson. The two professors' landmark first book The End of Capitalism (As We Knew It) was first published in 1996, followed by A Postcapitalist Politics in 2006. The two scholars also founded The Community Economies Research Network (CERN) and the Community Economies Collective (CEC), "international collaborative networks of researchers who share an interest in theorizing, discussing, representing and ultimately enacting new visions of economy."

Julie Graham died on April 4, 2010 of complications from cancer. Since then, Gibson has published some texts under their joint pen name—for instance, as co-editor of The Handbook of Diverse Economies (Gibson-Graham and Dombroski 2020). She has, since Graham’s passing, mostly published under her own name, Katherine Gibson. Gibson is currently professor at the Institute of Culture and Society, University of Western Sydney.

Economic geography
Economic geography is the subfield of human geography that studies economic activity and factors affecting it. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics.

Economic geography takes a variety of approaches to many different topics, including the location of industries, economies of agglomeration (also known as "linkages"), transportation, international trade, development, real estate, gentrification, ethnic economies, gendered economies, core-periphery theory, the economics of urban form, the relationship between the environment and the economy (tying into a long history of geographers studying culture-environment interaction), and globalization.
Harring
Harring is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Harry K. Harring (1871–1928), American zoologist

Laura Harring (born 1964), Mexican actress

Michael Harring (born 1979), American film director

Roger Harring (1932–2021), American football player and coach

Harry K. Harring
Harry K. Harring (1871–1928) was a zoologist specializing in the study of Rotatoria. He was born in Nykjobing, Denmark and emigrated to the United States in 1893. He wrote The Rotifers of Wisconsin with Frank Jacob Myers. He was awarded the honorary title of Custodian of the Rotatoria in the Division of Marine Invertebrates of the United States National Museum (USNM) in 1914.
Newton–Allaire House
The Newton–Allaire House is a private house located at 337 Dresser Street in Cheboygan, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Cheboygan, Michigan
Cheboygan (/ʃəˈbɔɪɡən/ shə-BOY-gən) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of and the largest settlement in Cheboygan County. At the 2020 census, Cheboygan had a population of 4,770.

Cheboygan is situated on Lake Huron at the mouth of the Cheboygan River. It is the third-largest American city on Lake Huron after Port Huron and Alpena. Cheboygan is part of Northern Michigan, and is the northernmost city in Michigan's Lower Peninsula. Directly north of Cheboygan is Bois Blanc Island (part of Mackinac County), which can be accessed via ferry from Cheboygan.
Whitney Sudler-Smith
Whitney Sudler-Smith (born June 2, 1968) is an American filmmaker, television director, and a classically trained guitarist. He is the creator, executive producer, and main cast member of Bravo's Southern Charm, a reality docu-series following the lives of socialites in Charleston, South Carolina. He was an executive producer on the Savannah and New Orleans spin-off shows.

Southern Charm
Southern Charm is an American reality television series that premiered on Bravo on March 3, 2014. The series chronicles the personal and professional lives of several socialites who reside in Charleston, South Carolina.

The show focuses on the Southern culture, along with the political history of the area, and has featured local historical places including Lewisfield Plantation and Mikell House.
Forres Castle
Forres Castle was a fort and castle built near Forres, Scotland. The fort was destroyed in 850 by Vikings. Forres was created a royal burgh by King David I of Scotland in 1140. The castle, once a royal castle, was built as a motte and bailey castle and was strengthened in the 14th century. It was demolished in 1297 by the adherents of Wallace. King William the Lion and King Alexander II of Scotland visited and stayed at the castle. King David II of Scotland stayed at the castle in 1346. It was burned by Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan in 1390. Held by the Dunbars of Westfield until the 17th century, it fell into ruins. Nothing now remains above ground.

Forres
Forres (/ˈfɒrɪs/; Scottish Gaelic: Farrais) is a town and former royal burgh in the north of Scotland on the Moray coast, approximately 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Inverness and 12 miles (19 km) west of Elgin. Forres has been a winner of the Scotland in Bloom award on several occasions. There are many geographical and historical attractions nearby such as the River Findhorn, and there are also classical, historical artifacts and monuments within the town itself, such as Forres Tolbooth and Nelson's Tower. Brodie Castle, the home of the Brodie Clan, lies to the west of the town, close to the A96.
The Rebel (1932 film)
The Rebel (German: Der Rebell) is a 1932 German historical drama film directed by Curtis Bernhardt, Edwin H. Knopf, and Luis Trenker and starring Trenker, Luise Ullrich, and Victor Varconi. The film's art direction was by Fritz Maurischat. A separate English language version, The Rebel, was released the following year. The film is part of the mountain film genre.

Trenker stated that the film's plotline of a Tyrolean mountaineer, Severin Anderlan, leading a revolt against occupying French forces in 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars. Andreas Hofer, the noted Tirolean patriot, was a proto-type of "Severin Anderlan" (both died in the same year). Trenker was designed to mirror what was happening in contemporary Germany, as it rejected the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. In 1933 Luis Trenker's novel Der Rebell. Ein Freiheitsroman aus den Bergen Tirols was published.

Trenker later made a second film about the Tyrolean Rebellion The Fire Devil in 1940.

Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism.
2019 Cassis Open Provence – Doubles
Matt Reid and Sergiy Stakhovsky were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

André Göransson and Sem Verbeek won the title after defeating Sander Arends and David Pel 7–6(8–6), 4–6, [11–9] in the final.

Matt Reid (tennis)
Matt Reid (born 17 July 1990) is an inactive Australian professional tennis player. His highest ATP singles ranking is world No. 183, which he reached on 3 February 2014. His career high in doubles was at world No. 60 set on 11 September 2017.
1979 LPGA Championship
The 1979 LPGA Championship was the 25th LPGA Championship, played June 7–10 at Jack Nicklaus Golf Center at Kings Island in Mason, Ohio, a suburb northeast of Cincinnati.

Donna Caponi Young won the first of her two LPGA Championships, three strokes ahead of runner-up Jerilyn Britz. It was the third of her four major titles; her previous major win was nine years earlier.

Mason, Ohio
Mason is a city in southwestern Warren County, Ohio, United States. The population was 34,792 at the 2020 census. Located approximately 22 miles (35 km) north of downtown Cincinnati, it is home to Fortune 500 corporation Cintas, the Kings Island amusement park, and the Lindner Family Tennis Center, home of the Cincinnati Open.
Bryn Gunn
Brynley Charles Gunn (born 21 August 1958) is an English former footballer who played as a full-back for a number of clubs between 1975 and 1996. He is best remembered for his time with Nottingham Forest, with which he won the 1979–80 European Cup, coming on as a substitute in the final. His daughter, Jenny, played cricket for England, and was part of the Ashes-winning team of 2005.

The Women's Ashes
The Women's Ashes is the perpetual trophy in women's international cricket series between England and Australia. The name derives from the historic precedent of the Ashes in cricket and, until 2013, was similarly decided exclusively on the outcomes of Test matches.

Since the Australian tour of England in 2013, the competition is decided on a points system, taking account of One-Day Internationals and Twenty20 International matches as well as Tests. Four (previously six) points are awarded for a Test victory (two points to each side in the event of a draw), and two points for a victory in a limited-overs game.