hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fazli Namangani
Fazli Namangani (died after 1822) was a Central Asian bilingual poet and historian, who wrote in Persian and Chaghatai at the court of the Khanate of Kokand.

The Tajikistan Academy of Science is currently keeping Fazli's divan (collection of poems) that was replicated in Bukhara in 1811 and contains several anthologies that feature his ghazals and qasidas in Chaghatai and Persian. Fazli's poetic works encompass short narrative poems, including the story of Yusuf and Zulaikha as well as Moses.

Fazli is regarded as being the founder of the Kokand school of historiography. Before 1820, he wrote the poetic history book Umar-nama ("Book of Umar") in Persian about the Khanate of Kokand, modeled after the Timur-nama ("Book of Timur") by Hatefi (d. 1521). It has forty-two chapters and 5,000 verses.

Yusuf and Zulaikha
Yusuf and Zulaikha (the English transliteration of both names varies greatly) is a title given to many tellings in the Muslim world of the story of the relationship between the prophet Yusuf and Potiphar's wife. Developed primarily from the account in Sura 12 of the Qur'an, a distinct story of Yusuf and Zulaikha seems to have developed in Persia around the tenth century CE. According to Agnès Kefeli, "in the biblical and Qur’anic interpretations of Joseph's story, Potiphar's wife bears all the blame for sin and disappears quickly from the narrative". But "in Turkic and Persian literatures, Joseph and Zulaykha do, ultimately, become sexually united, in parallel to their noncorporeal mystical union".: 384  The story of Yusuf and Zulaikha is subsequently found in many languages, such as Arabic, Persian, Bengali, Turkish, Punjabi and Urdu. Its most famous version was written in the Persian language by Jami (1414–1492), in his Haft Awrang ('Seven Thrones').
Janusz Głowacki
Janusz Andrzej Głowacki (13 September 1938 – 19 August 2017), better known as Janusz Głowacki or colloquially simply as Głowa, was a Polish playwright, essayist and screenwriter. Głowacki was the recipient of multiple awards and honours, including Guggenheim Fellowship, two Nike Award nominations and BAFTA Award nomination. He was awarded the Gloria Artis Gold Medal in 2005 for his contribution to Polish culture, and in 2014, the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.

Commander (order)
Commander (Italian: Commendatore; French: Commandeur; German: Komtur; Spanish: Comendador; Portuguese: Comendador), or Knight Commander, is a title of honor prevalent in chivalric orders and fraternal orders.

The title of Commander occurred in the medieval military orders, such as the Knights Hospitaller, for a member senior to a Knight. Variations include Knight Commander, notably in English, sometimes used to denote an even higher rank than Commander. In some orders of chivalry, Commander ranks above Officier (i.e. Officer), but below one or more ranks with a prefix meaning 'Great', e.g. Grand- in French, Grosskomtur in German, Gran Comendador (using an equivalent suffix) in Spanish, Grande Ufficiale in Italian, and Groot- in Dutch (Grootcommandeur, 'Grand Commander'), Grand Cross.
Door breaching
Door breaching is a process used by military, police, or emergency services to force open closed or locked doors. A wide range of methods are available depending on the door's opening direction (inward or outward), construction materials, etc., and one or more of these methods may be used in any given situation. In the United States, residential doors typically open inward while commercial building doors usually open outward. Some breaching methods require specialized equipment and can be categorized as one of the following: mechanical breaching, ballistic breaching, hydraulic breaching, explosive breaching, or thermal breaching.

M26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System
The M26-MASS (Modular Accessory Shotgun System) is a shotgun configured as an underbarrel ancillary weapon attachment mounted onto the handguard of a service rifle, usually the M16/M4 family of the United States Armed Forces, essentially making the host weapon a combination gun.  It can also be operated as a stand-alone shotgun by attachment to a pistol grip/collapsible buttstock module. Rollout commenced in 2013, replacing the Mossberg 500 shotguns in service.
Ernst Büchner
Ernst Wilhelm Büchner (18 March 1850 – 25 April 1924) was the German industrial chemist after whom the Büchner flask and Büchner funnel are named. The patent for his two inventions was published in 1888.

Chemical industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, the chemical industry converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into commodity chemicals for industrial and consumer products. It includes industries for petrochemicals such as polymers for plastics and synthetic fibers; inorganic chemicals such as acids and alkalis; agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides; and other categories such as industrial gases, speciality chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Various professionals are involved in the chemical industry including chemical engineers, chemists and lab technicians.
91st United States Congress
The 91st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1969, to January 3, 1971, during the final weeks of the presidency of Lyndon Johnson and the first two years of the first presidency of Richard Nixon.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1960 United States census.

Both chambers had a Democratic majority, though the party had lost its supermajority status in the Senate.  With Richard Nixon being sworn in as president on January 20, 1969, this ended the Democrats' overall federal government trifecta that they had held since the 87th Congress.

87th United States Congress
The 87th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1961, to January 3, 1963, during the final weeks of Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency and the first two years of John F. Kennedy's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1950 United States census, along with two seats temporarily added in 1959 (one member each from recently admitted states of Alaska and Hawaii).

Both chambers had a Democratic majority (albeit reduced in the House).  With President Kennedy being sworn in on January 20, 1961, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 82nd Congress in 1952.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 697
United Nations Security Council resolution 697, adopted unanimously on 14 June 1991, noted a report of the Secretary-General that, due to the existing circumstances, the presence of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would continue to be essential for a peaceful settlement. The Council asked the Secretary-General to report back again before 30 November 1991, to follow the implementation of the resolution.

The Council reaffirmed its previous resolutions, including Resolution 365 (1974), expressed its concern over the situation, urged the involved parties to work together toward peace and once more extended the stationing of the Force in Cyprus, established in Resolution 186 (1964), until 15 December 1991.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 365
United Nations Security Council Resolution 365, adopted on 13 December 1974, after receiving General Assembly resolution 3212 (which regarded the Cyprus Question) and noting with satisfaction in unanimous adoption the Council endorsed the General Assembly resolution and urges the parties concerned to implement it as soon as possible, requesting the Secretary-General to report on the progress of the implementation of this resolution.

No details of the voting were given, the resolution states it was adopted "by consensus".
Transformer (gene)
Transformer (tra) is a family of genes which regulate sex determination in insects such as flies. Among its effects, it (P11596) regulates differences between males and females in Drosophila fruit flies.

The tra-2 gene (P19018) is needed for sexual differentiation in female fruit flies, and for spermatogenesis in the males. It is not in the same protein family as tra, but instead works together with it in the splicing enhancer complex.

Sexual differentiation
Sexual differentiation is the process of development of the sex differences between males and females from an undifferentiated zygote. Sex differentiation is usually distinct from sex determination; sex determination is the designation of the development stage towards either male or female, while sex differentiation is the pathway towards the development of the phenotype.

In many species, testicular or ovarian differentiation begins with the appearance of Sertoli cells in males and granulosa cells in females.

As embryos develop into mature adults, sex differences develop at many levels, including chromosomes, gonads, hormones, and anatomy. Beginning with determining sex by genetic and/or environmental factors, humans and other organisms proceed towards different differentiation pathways as they grow and develop.
Kimpurushas
The kimpurushas (Sanskrit: किंपुरुष, romanized: Kimpuruṣa) are a race of beings featured in Hindu literature, described as possessing the bodies of human beings and lion heads. They are associated with, and sometimes considered the same as the kinnaras, though some Puranas distinguish between them. They are attendants of the god of wealth, Kubera.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Lynching of Joe Coe
Joe Coe, also known as George Smith, was an African-American laborer who was lynched on October 10, 1891, in Omaha, Nebraska. Overwhelmed by a mob of one thousand at the Douglas County Courthouse, the twelve city police officers stood by without intervening. Afterward, the mayor called the lynching "the most deplorable thing that has ever happened in the history of the country."

Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).
Church of the Redeemer (Orangeburg, South Carolina)
The Church of the Redeemer is a parish of the Anglican Diocese of South Carolina, affiliated with the Anglican Church in North America, in the city of Orangeburg, South Carolina.

The first Anglican church in Orangeburg Township was established in 1749 by the Rev. John Giessendanner, and a chapel at Orangeburg was later provided by the Act of 1768, which created St. Matthew's Parish in Ft. Motte, South Carolina. Following a long dormant period, the Church of the Redeemer was organized. The current building was erected between 1854 and 1855 on Boulevard Street, near the corner of Amelia, where the cemetery remains.  The structure, which features Louis Comfort Tiffany stained glass windows, was moved to its present site, improved and renovated in 1895.

In November 2012, the congregation, along with other churches in the Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina, left the national Episcopal Church of the United States, and in June 2017, formally joined the Anglican Church in North America.

Orangeburg, South Carolina
Orangeburg is the principal city in and the county seat of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population of the city was 13,964 according to the 2020 census. The city is located 37 miles southeast of Columbia, on the north fork of the Edisto River.

Two historically black institutions of higher education are located in Orangeburg: Claflin University (a liberal arts college) and South Carolina State University (a public university).
La leyenda de las Momias
La leyenda de las Momias, also known as The Legend of the Mummies of Guanajuato, is a 2014 Mexican animated horror adventure comedy film co-written and directed by Alberto Rodríguez, produced by Ánima Estudios and distributed by Videocine.

The third installment of the Leyendas film saga, following Nahuala and Llorona, the story is a fictional take on the origin of the mummies, mainly those of the Guanajuato origin. The film features the voices of Benny Emmanuel, Eduardo "Lalo" España, Mayté Cordero, Rafael Inclán, Andrés Cuturier, and Ale Müller.

It was released in theaters and in 4DX on October 30, 2014, in Mexico, becoming the first Mexican film to be released in the format.

The film was released on digital platforms in the United States through Vix.

Vix (streaming service)
Vix (stylized as ViX) is an over-the-top streaming service owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision. The service primarily shows content either owned by TelevisaUnivision or acquired from third-party content providers, including television series, movies, and sports programming.

Originally launched in the United States as PrendeTV on March 30, 2021, the service was merged with TelevisaUnivision's other streaming services under its current branding on March 31, 2022.
1896 Virginia Orange and Blue football team
The 1896 Virginia Orange and Bluefootball team represented the University of Virginia as an independent during the 1896 college football season. Led by first-year coach Martin V. Bergen, the team went 7–2–2 and claims a Southern championship. W. A. Martin played at end.

1896 college football season
The 1896 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Lafayette and Princeton as having been selected national champions.  Lafayette finished with an 11–0–1 record while Princeton had a 10–0–1 record.  In the  second game of the season for both teams, Lafayette and Princeton played to a scoreless tie.  Both teams had signature wins: Lafayette defeated Penn 6–4, giving the Quakers their only loss of the season, while Princeton defeated previously unbeaten Yale, 24–6, on Thanksgiving Day in the last game of the season.  Princeton was retroactively named the 1896 national champions by the Billingsley Report, the Helms Athletic Foundation, the Houlgate System, and Lafayette and Princeton were named national co-champions by the National Championship Foundation and Parke Davis.
Japanese submarine I-177
I-177 was an Imperial  Japanese Navy Kaidai-type cruiser submarine of the KD7 subclass commissioned in 1942. She served during World War II, patrolling off Australia, taking part in the New Guinea campaign, operating in the North Pacific, and participating in the Palau campaign before she was sunk by the destroyer escort USS Samuel S. Miles (DE-183) in 1944, with no survivors.

Simpson Harbour
Simpson Harbour is a sheltered harbour of Blanche Bay, on the Gazelle Peninsula in the extreme north of New Britain. The harbour is named after Captain Cortland Simpson, who surveyed the bay while in command of HMS Blanche in 1872. The former capital city of Rabaul is on its shores.

The harbour is part of a huge flooded caldera, Rabaul caldera. The harbour is ringed by a number of volcanoes.
Alexander Luard Wollaston
Alexander Luard Wollaston FRS (14 June 1804 – 10 June 1874) was an amateur scientist.

The fourth son of George Hyde Wollaston (1765–1841) and Mary Anne Luard (aunt of Sir William Luard and John Luard), Wollaston was educated at Hackney and Harrow before matriculating on 15 March 1823 at St John's College, Cambridge and then migrating on 10 November 1821 to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He graduated there B.A. 1826 and M.A. 1829. He qualified M.B. in 1829 but never practised medicine. He was elected F.R.S. in 1829. He studied chemistry and natural philosophy in Paris.

On 16 March 1837, at Ryde, he married Susanna Charlotte Morris (1807–1894) and had two sons and four daughters. The doctor and explorer Alexander Frederick Richmond Wollaston was his grandson.

Ryde
Ryde is a seaside town and civil parish on the north-east coast of the Isle of Wight. The parish area had a population of 24,096 according to the 2021 Census. Its growth as a seaside resort came after the villages of Upper Ryde and Lower Ryde were merged in the 19th century, as can still be seen in the town's central and seafront architecture. The resort's expansive sands are revealed at low tide. Their width means the regular ferry service to the mainland requires a long listed pier – the fourth longest in the United Kingdom, and the oldest surviving.
Acronicta perblanda
Acronicta perblanda is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from Carteret County, North Carolina and Stoddard County, Missouri to northern Florida to southern Louisiana.

Adults are on wing from March to April. There is probably one generation per year.

Stoddard County, Missouri
Stoddard County is a county located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,672. The county seat is Bloomfield. The county was officially organized on January 2, 1835, and is named for Amos Stoddard, the first American commandant (an early term for "governor") of Upper Louisiana.
Guadiana Valley Natural Park
Guadiana Valley Natural Park (Portuguese: Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana) is a natural park in southeastern Portugal. It is one of the 30 areas which are officially under protection in the country.

The top of the flow gage tower was reached by the Guadiana twice in 50 years.

Pulo do Lobo (Wolf's Leap) is a waterfall in the Guadiana river, in the Guadiana Valley Natural Park.

Pulo do Lobo, flow gage tower

Nature park
A nature park, or sometimes natural park, is a designation for a protected area by means of long-term land planning, sustainable resource management and limitation of agricultural and real estate developments. These valuable landscapes are preserved in their present ecological state and promoted for ecotourism purposes.

In most countries nature parks are subject to legally regulated protection, which is part of their conservation laws.

In terms of level of protection, a category "Nature Park" is not the same as a "National Park", which is defined by the IUCN and its World Commission on Protected Areas as a category II protected area. 
A "Nature Park" designation, depending on local specifics, falls between category III and category VI according to IUCN categorization, in most cases closer to category VI.
However some nature parks have later been turned into national parks.
Elsbeth von Ameln
Elsbeth von Ameln (16 June 1905 in Cologne – 30 April 1990) was a German lawyer to the Allied military courts and later in the office - and Cologne Regional Court.

After graduating from high school, she began studying law in Marburg in 1925, where she was the only law student in her semester. Her professional goal was a criminal lawyer at the juvenile court. Until her retirement on 2 July 1984 she was instrumental in building the democratic judiciary in Cologne.

On 30 April 1990, Elsbeth von Ameln died in Cologne at the age of 84. She was buried in the family plot at Melaten Cemetery.

Marburg
Marburg (/ˈmɑːrbʊərk/; German: [ˈmaːɐ̯bʊʁk] or [ˈmaʁbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a university town in the German state (Land) of Hesse and the capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (Landkreis). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has a population of approximately 76,000.

Having been awarded town privileges in 1222, Marburg served as capital of the landgraviate of Hessen-Marburg during periods of the 15th to 17th centuries. The University of Marburg was founded in 1527 and dominates the public life in the town to this day.

Marburg is a historic centre of the pharmaceutical industry in Germany, and there is a plant in the town (by BioNTech) to produce vaccines to tackle COVID-19.
Toronto National Sea Fleas
The Toronto National Sea Fleas were a senior men's amateur ice hockey team that won the 1932 Allan Cup, and also represented Canada at the 1933 World Ice Hockey Championships held in Prague, Czechoslovakia where the team lost the final game to the United States in overtime to capture the silver medal for Canada.

The 1932 team which won the Allan Cup was coached by Harry Watson, who as a player had won an Olympic gold medal with a 1924 Toronto Granites.  Watson stepped down as head coach prior to the 1933 World Championships, to be replaced by Harold Ballard for the 1933 tournament and season.

The Toronto National Sea Fleas played as part of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) in the OHA Senior A League. The team were finalists for the league championship in 1930, and won the J. Ross Robertson Cup as league champions in 1932.

Overtime (ice hockey)
Overtime is a method of determining a winner in an ice hockey game when the score is tied after regulation. The main methods of determining a winner in a tied game are the overtime period (commonly referred to as overtime), the shootout, or a combination of both. If league rules dictate a finite time in which overtime may be played, with no penalty shoot-out to follow, the game's winning team may or may not be necessarily determined.
Tanzania at the Commonwealth Games
Tanzania has competed in thirteen of the fourteen Commonwealth Games since 1966, following the formation of the country in 1964, missing only the 1986 Commonwealth Games. One of its predecessor states, Tanganyika, competed in the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games.

1986 Commonwealth Games
The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. This was the second Commonwealth Games to be held in Edinburgh. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa.

The Games were commemorated on the UK's first-ever £2 circulating coin, which showed a Scottish thistle upon the St. Andrew's saltire design on the reverse side of the coin.