hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foreign relations of Tajikistan
Foreign relations of Tajikistan are based on a desire to secure foreign investment and promote regional security while ensuring Tajikistan's independence. Sirojiddin Muhriddin is the current Foreign’s Minister of Tajikistan.

Sirojiddin Muhriddin
Sirojiddin Muhriddin (Tajik: Сироҷиддин Муҳриддин; born Sirojiddin Muhriddinovich Aslov (Russian: Сироджиддин Мухриддинович Аслов; 17 February 1964) is the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Tajikistan since 2013. Muhriddin previously worked as a Permanent Representative of the Republic of Tajikistan to the United Nations from 2006 to 2013.
Engineered Garments
Engineered Garments is a clothing, footwear and accessories brand founded by Japanese-American Daiki Suzuki. It was founded in 1999.

The brand has collaborated with Uniqlo, Gola, Paraboot, K-Swiss, Hoka One One, Converse, Reebok, and others.

Hoka (brand)
Hoka (stylized as HOKA and formerly known as Hoka One One) is a sportswear company that designs and markets running shoes. It was founded in 2009 in Annecy, France, and had been based in Richmond, California, United States, before it was acquired by Deckers Brands in 2013. Hoka first gained attention in the running industry by producing shoes with oversized midsoles, dubbed "maximalist" shoes, in contrast to the minimalist shoe trend that was gaining popularity at the time.
Jaco Fourie (rugby union)
Jaco Fourie (born 19 April 1988) is a South African rugby union player.

He was born in Bloemfontein and went to Grey College, but then played for the University of Pretoria in the FNB Varsity Cup in 2008 and represented the Blue Bulls in various underage competitions, as well as the Vodacom Cup. In 2010, he joined the Eastern Province Kings in the Currie Cup First Division.

Bulls (rugby union)
The Bulls (known for sponsorship reasons as the Vodacom Bulls) are a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria. They play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. They compete in the United Rugby Championship, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020 and the domestic Currie Cup competition.

The side won the Super 14 in 2007, 2009 and 2010, placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles. They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era (2006–10), winning three out of the five titles. They are the most successful South African team, and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title.

Formerly known as Northern Transvaal the side has competed in the Currie Cup since 1937 before becoming the Bulls in 1997.
Theiler
Theiler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arnold Theiler (1867–1936), South African scientist and veterinarian

Gertrud Theiler (1897–1986), South African parasitologist

Jorge Theiler (born 1964), Argentine football player and manager

Luciano Theiler (born 1981), Argentine football player and manager

Max Theiler (1899–1972), South African-American virologist and physician

Rolf Theiler (born 1957), Swiss businessman

Max Theiler
Max Theiler (30 January 1899 – 11 August 1972) was a South African-American virologist and physician. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1951 for developing a vaccine against yellow fever in 1937, becoming the first African-born Nobel laureate.

Born in Pretoria, Theiler was educated in South Africa through completion of his degree in medical school. He went to London for postgraduate work at St Thomas's Hospital Medical School and at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, earning a 1922 diploma in tropical medicine and hygiene. That year, he moved to the United States to do research at the Harvard University School of Tropical Medicine. He lived and worked in that nation the rest of his life. In 1930, he moved to the Rockefeller Foundation in New York, becoming director of the Virus Laboratory.
World Policy Conference
The World Policy Conference (WPC) is an independent organization whose aim is to contribute to improving all aspects of governance, with a view to promoting a world that is more open, prosperous, fairer and more respectful of the diversity of States and nations. It was launched in 2008, by Thierry de Montbrial, Chairman and Founder of the French Institute of International Relations (Ifri).

This annual conference revolves around debates gathering economic and political leaders, diplomats, representatives of civil society, experts and journalists from all over the world. It aims at reflecting, debating, and offering constructive solutions to major regional and international issues, in an atmosphere of respect and tolerance.

In 2017, the World Policy Conference ranked 3rd best Think Tank Conference according to The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP) at the Lauder Institute, University of Pennsylvania '2017 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report'.

Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program
The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP) was an academic, non-profit program based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that operated from 1989 to 2021. TTCSP was originally established at the Foreign Policy Research Institute (itself a think tank) in 1989; in 2008 it moved to become part of the International Relations Program and the Lauder Institute at the University of Pennsylvania. The program's director was James McGann; and at times it had hundreds of interns and staff working on its projects. The program conducted research on policy institutes around the world, published surveys, rankings and guides, and maintained a database of over 11,000 think tanks from across the world.
Namyajamanru
Namyajamanru is a 2009 Indian Kannada-language action drama film directed and written by T. S. Nagabharana. The film stars Vishnuvardhan along with Navya Nair and Vijay Raghavendra. The film was produced by Rajakumari Rajshekar.
The film was released on 27 February 2009.

T. S. Nagabharana
Talakadu Srinivasaiah Nagabharana (born 23 January 1953), commonly known as T. S. Nagabharana, is an Indian film director, in the Kannada film industry and a pioneer of parallel cinema. He is one of the few film directors to have straddled the mainstream and parallel cinema worlds.
Morgan Barbançon
Morgan Barbançon Mestre (born 12 August 1992 in Paris, France) is a French and Spanish Olympic dressage rider. Representing Spain, she competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London where she finished 7th in team competition and 23rd in the individual competition.

Barbançon competed at the 2014 World Equestrian Games in Normandy, France, where she finished 5th in team dressage, 15th in special dressage and 15th in freestyle dressage competition. She also competed at the 2015 FEI World Cup Finals in Las Vegas, Nevada, where she finished 8th.

She competes for France since May 2018.

2014 FEI World Equestrian Games
The 2014 Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games were held in the region of Normandy, France. It was the seventh edition of the Games, which are held every four years and run by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI). For team events in the dressage, eventing, and show jumping disciplines, these Games were the first qualifying event for the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Retained antrum syndrome
Retained antrum syndrome or retained gastric antrum syndrome is one of the rare postgastrectomy syndromes. It happens after Billroth II surgery and the mechanism involved is the inadequate removal of the distal antrum and pylorus during resection of the antrum and gastrojejunostomy.

Lack of the usual acid-secreting gastric glands makes the antral segment continually exposed to the alkaline environment of the duodenum, which causes it to secrete excessive acid and be prone to form ulcers.

Gastrin
Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility. It is released by G cells in the pyloric antrum of the stomach, duodenum, and the pancreas.

Gastrin binds to cholecystokinin B receptors to stimulate the release of histamines in enterochromaffin-like cells, and it induces the insertion of K+/H+ ATPase pumps into the apical membrane of parietal cells (which in turn increases H+ release into the stomach cavity). Its release is stimulated by peptides in the lumen of the stomach.
Edna May Wonacott
Edna May Wonacott (February 6, 1932 – June 26, 2022) was an American child actress, best known for her role as Ann Newton in the 1943 movie Shadow of a Doubt. The director, Alfred Hitchcock, and film producer Jack H. Skirball handpicked the then-nine year old for the film while she was waiting for the bus. At that time she had no experience as an actress.

Wonacott received a seven-year contract and Hitchcock predicted that she would become a star within a year. Other than Shadow of a Doubt, she made minor (uncredited) appearances in several films, including The Bells of St. Mary's and The Model and the Marriage Broker, then retired at age 20.

The Bells of St. Mary's
The Bells of St. Mary's is a 1945 American comedy-drama film produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman. Written by Dudley Nichols and based on a story by McCarey, the film is about a priest and a nun who, despite their good-natured rivalry, try to save their parochial school from being shut down. The character Father O'Malley had been previously portrayed by Crosby in the 1944 film Going My Way, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. The film was produced by Leo McCarey's production company, Rainbow Productions.
Adventist HealthCare
Adventist HealthCare is a nonprofit organization based in Gaithersburg, Maryland that employs more than 6,000 people and provides healthcare for more than 400,000 individuals in the community each year. The primary service area for Adventist HealthCare is the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.

Gaithersburg, Maryland
Gaithersburg (/ˈɡeɪθərzbɜːrɡ/ ⓘ GAY-thərz-burg) is a city in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. At the time of the 2020 United States census, Gaithersburg had a population of 69,657, making it the third-largest incorporated city and the ninth-most populous community in the state. Gaithersburg is located to the northwest of Washington, D.C., and is considered a suburb and a primary city within the Washington metropolitan area. Gaithersburg was incorporated as a town in 1878 and as a city in 1968.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is headquartered in Gaithersburg directly west of I-270. Other major employers in the city include IBM, Lockheed Martin Information Systems and Global Services business area headquarters, AstraZeneca. Gaithersburg is also the location of the garrison of the United States Army Reserve Legal Command.
Albert Pinkus
Albert Sidney Pinkus (20 March 1903 in New York City – 4 February 1984 in New York) was an American tropical explorer, chess master and writer. His main career was as an explorer of remote regions, from which he brought back zoological and botanical specimens. He also worked as a stockbroker on Wall Street.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
An Trạch
An Trạch is a rural commune (xã) of Cà Mau Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.

The Standing Committee of the National Assembly issued Resolution No. 1655/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the rearrangement of commune-level administrative units of Cà Mau Province in 2025. Accordingly, An Trạch Commune was established in Cà Mau Province on the basis of the entire natural area and population of An Trạch Commune and An Trạch A Commune, both formerly belonging to Đông Hải District, Bạc Liêu Province.

Commune (Vietnam)
A commune (Vietnamese: xã) is a type of second tier subdivision of Vietnam. It is divided into 2,621 units. Communes have a lower status than provinces and municipalities.

This subdivision has existed since 1428, when Emperor Lê Thái Tổ re-organised the country into five administrative levels. Xã 社 was the lowest level, equivalent to a village.

Since 2019, Vietnam has undertaken a comprehensive rearrangement of administrative units in order to streamline the apparatus of local authorities. The re-organisation, conducted in two periods, between 2020 and 2023 and between 2023 and 2030, comprises forced mergers of several districts and commune-level administrative units and localities. As of April 2023, the number of third-level subdivision units dropped to 10,598 units including 1,737 wards, 614 commune-level towns and 8,247 communes. This has been a significant reduction from 11,162 in 2018.
South Jetty (South Beach)
South Jetty is a state park in Newport, Oregon, U.S.

The park is administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, and adjacent to South Beach State Park.  Both are south of the jetties, which form the entrance to Yaquina Bay, one of Oregon's major fishing and whale watching ports.

Activities at the park include equine access to the sandy beach, surfing, including windsurfing, fishing, scuba diving, and clamming.  There are no fees for access or use to the park.

Newport, Oregon
Newport is a city in and the county seat of Lincoln County, Oregon, United States. It was incorporated in 1882 with the name dating back to the establishment of a post office in 1868. Newport was named for Newport, Rhode Island. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 10,256.

It is also home of the Oregon Coast Aquarium, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Nye Beach, Yaquina Head Light, Yaquina Bay Light, Newport Sea Lion Docks, Pacific Maritime Heritage Center, and the former Rogue Ales. The city is the western terminus of U.S. Route 20, a cross-country highway that originates in Boston and is the longest road in the United States.
Philip LF Liu
Philip Li-Fan Liu (Chinese: 劉立方) is an American engineer, currently the Class of 1912 Professor at Cornell University, the Kwoh-Ting Lee Chair Professorship Chair Professor at National Central University and also a Distinguished Professor at National University of Singapore.

He is a fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers and American Geophysical Union. He was elected a member of the US National Academy of Engineering in 2015 for coastal engineering research, education, computer modeling and leadership for tsunami and wave damage. Liu is also an academician of Academia Sinica.

American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international fields within the Earth and space sciences. The geophysical sciences involve four fundamental areas: atmospheric and ocean sciences; solid-Earth sciences; hydrologic sciences; and space sciences. The organization's headquarters is located on Florida Avenue in Washington, D.C.
Kyle Pontifex
Kyle Marshall Pontifex (born 5 February 1980 in Wellington) is a New Zealand professional field hockey player. He plays as a goalkeeper. He earned his first cap for the New Zealand national team, nicknamed The Black Sticks, in 2001 against Malaysia.

Pontifex represented his country in three consecutive Summer Olympics: in 2004 (Athens), 2008 (Beijing) and 2012 (London). He was a batonbearer for the 2022 Commonwealth Games Queen's Baton Relay when the baton came to Basin Reserve in March 2022.

New Zealand men's national field hockey team
The New Zealand men's national field hockey team, also known as the Black Sticks Men, is the national team for men's field hockey of New Zealand, under the New Zealand Hockey Federation.

At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, they upset Australia to win gold, becoming the first non-Asian/European team to clinch the gold medal. They have also won silver and bronze at the 2002 and 2010 Commonwealth Games.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 421
United Nations Security Council Resolution 421, adopted unanimously on December 9, 1977, after recalling Resolution 418, the Council decided to establish a committee to oversee the implementation of that resolution. It tasked the committee to report back on its observations and recommendations regarding ways in which the arms embargo could be made more effective against South Africa and to ask Member States as to how they are implementing the resolution.

Resolution 421 went on to call on all Member States to cooperate fully with the committee in the above respects, and to the Secretary-General to make appropriate arrangements to allow the committee to function.

Lists of United Nations Security Council resolutions
United Nations Security Council resolutions are United Nations resolutions adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council (UNSC); the United Nations (UN) body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security".
2014–15 West of Scotland Super League Premier Division
The 2014–15 West of Scotland Super League Premier Division was the thirteenth Super League Premier Division competition since the formation of the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region in 2002. The season began on 30 August 2014. The winners of this competition were eligible to enter round one of the 2015–16 Scottish Cup. The two last placed sides are relegated to the Super League First Division. The third-bottom placed side will enter the West Region league play-off, a two-legged tie against the third placed side in the Super League First Division, to decide the final promotion/relegation spot.

Auchinleck Talbot won their third successive title on 23 May 2015.

SJFA West Region Premiership
The SJFA West Region Premiership (also known as the McBookie.com West Region Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was a semi-professional football league run by the West Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association, and was the highest tier of league competition for its member clubs.

Formerly known as the West of Scotland Super League Premier Division, the league was created in 2002 with the amalgamation of the top leagues of the Central and Ayrshire regions.

It was abolished in 2020 when all SJFA West Region clubs moved to join the newly formed senior West of Scotland Football League.

The final champions and most successful club were Auchinleck Talbot, who won seven league titles. A total of 32 clubs competed in the league.
2008 in Elite Xtreme Combat
The year 2008 is the 2nd year in the history of the Elite Xtreme Combat, a mixed martial arts promotion based in The United States. In 2008 Elite Xtreme Combat held 12 events beginning with, ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series.

Table Mountain Rancheria
The Table Mountain Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe of Native American people from the Chukchansi band of Yokuts and the Monache tribe. It is also the tribe's ranchería, located in Fresno County, California.
Gold Reserve Inc.
Gold Reserve Inc. is a gold mining company founded in 1956 with operations and mining property in Bolivar State, Venezuela.

The company is currently headquartered in Spokane, Washington.

As a part of a 2016 settlement based on a dispute over withdrawal of a gold concession to Gold Reserve, the government of Venezuela entered into a joint venture with the company to mine the Brisas and Las Cristinas goldmines.

Bolívar (state)
Bolívar (Spanish: Estado Bolívar, IPA: [esˈtaðo βoˈliβaɾ]) is the largest of the 23 states of Venezuela in area. The state capital city is Ciudad Bolívar and the largest city is Ciudad Guayana. Bolívar State covers a total surface area of 242,801 km2 (93,746 sq mi) and as of the 2011 census, had a population of 1,410,964. The state contains Angel Falls.
Acapulco Mexican Restaurant and Cantina
Acapulco Mexican Restaurant and Cantina is a restaurant chain founded in 1960 in Pasadena, California. They currently only have restaurants in California. The restaurant chain is owned by Xperience Restaurant Group which is headquartered in Cypress, California. There are currently four restaurants, all of which are located in Southern California.

Compass Group
Compass Group plc is a British multinational contract foodservice company headquartered in Chertsey, England. It is the largest contract foodservice company in Europe, employing over 580,000 people as of July 2025. It serves meals in locations including offices and factories, schools, universities, hospitals, major sports and cultural venues, mining camps, prisons and offshore oil platforms. Compass Group is listed on the London Stock Exchange, as a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. As of July 2025, it has one of the highest market capitalisations on the London Stock Exchange. It is also a Fortune Global 500 company.
Adolf S. Jensen Land
Adolf S. Jensen Land (Danish: Ad. S. Jensen Land) is a peninsula in the southern limit of King Frederick VIII Land, northeastern Greenland. Administratively it belongs to the NE Greenland National Park area.

King Frederik VIII Land
King Frederik VIII Land (Greenlandic: Kunngi Frederik VIII Nuna; Danish: Kong Frederik VIII Land) is a major geographic division of northeastern Greenland. It extends above the Arctic Circle from 76°N to 81°N in a North-South direction along the coast of the Greenland Sea.
Molybdenum ditelluride
Molybdenum(IV) telluride, molybdenum ditelluride or just molybdenum telluride is an inorganic compound with formula MoTe2. It is a semiconductor, and can fluoresce. It is one of the transition metal dichalcogenides. As a semiconductor the band gap lies in the infrared region.  It is a potential use as a semiconductor in electronics or an infrared detector.  MoTe2 is black.  Although sometimes described as Mo4+, 2Te2-, it is not ionic but highly covalent.

Direct and indirect band gaps
In semiconductors, the band gap of a semiconductor can be of two basic types, a direct band gap or an indirect band gap.   The minimal-energy state in the conduction band and the maximal-energy state in the valence band are each characterized by a certain crystal momentum (k-vector) in the Brillouin zone. If the k-vectors are different, the material has an "indirect gap". The band gap is called "direct" if the crystal momentum of electrons and holes is the same in both the conduction band and the valence band; an electron can directly emit a photon. In an "indirect" gap, a photon cannot be emitted because the electron must pass through an intermediate state and transfer momentum to the crystal lattice.

Examples of direct bandgap materials include hydrogenated amorphous silicon and some III–V materials such as InAs and GaAs. Indirect bandgap materials include crystalline silicon and Ge. Some III–V materials are indirect bandgap as well, for example AlSb.
Parkland College (United States)
Parkland College is a public community college in Champaign, Illinois.  It is part of the Illinois Community College System serving Community College District 505, which includes parts of Coles, Champaign, DeWitt, Douglas, Edgar, Ford, Iroquois, Livingston, Moultrie, McLean, Piatt, and Vermilion Counties. Parkland College enrolls approximately 9,000 students annually, with more than 340,000 students served since September 1967.

William M. Staerkel Planetarium is located at Parkland College.

Moultrie County, Illinois
Moultrie County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, its population was 14,526. Its county seat is Sullivan. The name is pronounced as in "mole tree", unlike the pronunciation of its namesake, the South Carolinian Revolutionary War hero William Moultrie.