hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jay Ritter
Jay R. Ritter (born 1954) is an American economist and the Joseph B. Cordell Eminent Scholar Chair Emeritus at the University of Florida's Warrington College of Business. Known widely as "Mr. IPO," Ritter is a leading authority on initial public offerings (IPOs), capital structure, and behavioral finance.

Warrington College of Business
The Warrington College of Business is the business school of the University of Florida. Its subordinate schools include the Heavener School of Business (the undergraduate wing), the Hough Graduate School of Business (the graduate wing), and the Fisher School of Accounting.

About 6,300 students are enrolled in classes, including undergraduates and graduate students, including Master of Business Administration and Ph.D.-seeking students. All programs are accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.
Frederick Low (British politician)
Sir Frederick Low (21 November 1856 – 4 September 1917) was an English lawyer, judge and Liberal Party politician.

Low was educated privately and at Westminster School. He qualified as a solicitor in 1878, and was called to the bar in 1890, practising on the South-Eastern Circuit and becoming an authority on local government and licensing.
He became a King's Counsel in 1902,
and became recorder of Ipswich in 1906.
He was knighted in 1909.

At the 1900 general election, Low unsuccessfully contested Salisbury, and he was unsuccessful again when he contested Clapham in 1906. He won a seat on his third attempt, when he was elected at the  January 1910 general election as one of the two Members of Parliament (MPs) for Norwich.
He was re-elected in December 1910,
and held the seat until January 1915, when he was appointed as a Judge of the King's Bench division of the High Court.

Local government in the United Kingdom
Local government in the United Kingdom has origins which pre-date the United Kingdom itself, as each of the four countries of the United Kingdom has its own separate system. For an overview, see Administrative geography of the United Kingdom. For details, see:

Local government in England

Local government in Northern Ireland

Local government in Scotland

Local government in Wales

For the history of local government in each country, see:

History of local government in England

History of local government in Northern Ireland

History of local government in Scotland

History of local government in Wales

For local government entities in each country, see

Category:Local authorities of England

Category:Local authorities of Northern Ireland

Category:Local authorities of Scotland

Category:Local authorities of Wales
James A. James
James A. James was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois Senate.

He served as a state senator representing Randolph, Madison, and St. Clair counties in the 12th Illinois General Assembly; and Randolph and Monroe counties in the 13th Illinois General Assembly.

Madison County, Illinois
Madison County is located in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is a part of the Metro East in southern Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 264,776, making it the eighth-most populous county in Illinois and the most populous in the southern portion of the state. The county seat is Edwardsville, and the largest city is Granite City.

Madison County is part of the Metro East region of Greater St. Louis. The pre-Columbian city of Cahokia Mounds, a World Heritage Site, was located near Collinsville. Edwardsville is home to Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. To the north, Alton is known for its abolitionist and American Civil War-era history. It is also the home of the Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine. Godfrey, the village named for Captain Benjamin Godfrey, offers Lewis and Clark Community College formerly the Monticello Female Seminary.
Töö Ashuu
Tөө Ashuu (Kyrgyz: Төө-Ашуу, romanised: Tөө-Ashuu, [tœː ɑʃuː]; Russian: Туя Ашуу), literally "camel mountain pass", is a mountain pass in Kyrgyzstan on the highway from Bishkek to Osh (European route E010) in Kyrgyzstan approximately 120 km from Bishkek. The pass goes over part of the Kyrgyz Alatau range of the Tien Shan mountains. Its elevation is 3,586 m (11,765 ft). In the 1960s a 2.8-kilometre-long (1.7 mi) road tunnel was built under the pass at 3,120 m (10,240 ft) elevation, bypassing the uppermost part of the pass road.

A ski resort is situated on the south slope of the Too Ashuu pass at 2960 m.a.s.l. The resort has one blue 1,500-metre-long (4,900 ft) ski slope operated by a chairlift with a height difference of 200 m. There is a possibility to ski a further 1500 m down to the highway. Shuttle marshrutkas then take the skiers back to the top section of the resort.

Osh
Osh (English: /ɒʃ/, Kyrgyz: [Ош] ⓘ, Russian: [Ош]) is the second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan, located in the Fergana Valley in the south of the country. It is often referred to as the "capital of the south". It is the oldest city in the country (estimated by UNESCO to be more than 3,000 years old) and has served as the administrative center of Osh Region since 1939. The city has an ethnically mixed population of 322,164 in 2021, comprising  Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Koreans, and other smaller ethnic groups.
Yasui Sentetsu
Yasui Sentetsu (安井 仙哲, 1734–1780) was a Japanese Go player, who is said to be born in either Aizu or Kawachi Province. His year of birth is unknown, but his birthname is believed to be Hara Gonhei (原 權平). He served as an apprentice to Yasui Shuntetsu Senkaku.

In 1748, he changed his birthname to his present name, and began playing castle game oshirogo (御城碁). As he was part of a famous Go house, he would play with the other Go houses in the shōgun's castle. In 1775, his mentor Yasui Shuntetsu Senkaku retired, causing him to become the sixth head of the Yasui house.

He died on September 4, 1780.

Four Go houses
In the history of Go in Japan, the four Go houses were four major schools of Go instituted, supported, and controlled by the state, at the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate. (There were also many minor houses.) At roughly the same time shogi was organised into three houses. Here "house" implies an institution run on the recognised lines of the iemoto system common in all Japanese traditional arts. In particular, the house head had, in three of the four cases, a name handed down: Inoue Inseki, Yasui Senkaku, Hayashi Monnyu. References to these names, therefore, mean to the contemporary head of the house.

The four houses were the Honinbo, Hayashi, Inoue, and Yasui. They were originally designed to be on a par with each other, and competed in the official castle games called oshirogo.
V. K. Chinnasamy
V. K. Chinnasamy is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Bhavanisagar constituency in 1977, 1984 and 1991 elections and as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Jayalalitha) candidate in 1989 election.

1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The eighth legislative assembly election for Tamil Nadu was held on 24 December 1984. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the election and its general secretary, incumbent M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R) was sworn in as Chief Minister, for the third time. The election victory was mainly attributed to the sympathy wave created by Indira Gandhi's assassination and M.G.R's illness coupled with Rajiv Gandhi's popularity. This is the last election M.G.R contested as he died in office in 1987. This is also the only general election which M. Karunanidhi did not contest since 1957 until his death, as he sought to avoid a direct, disadvantageous contest due to a volatile political climate. As now, this is the last election where the ruling party gained seats.
Dick Strittmatter
Dick Strittmatter is an American former football coach  He served as the head football coach at Peru State College from 1995 to 2000 and at Briar Cliff College from 2002 to 2007, compiling a career college football record of 49–70

Peru State College
Peru State College (Peru) is a public college in Peru, Nebraska, United States. It was founded by members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1865, and opened in 1866 as Mount Vernon Academy.  It is the first and oldest institution of higher education in Nebraska.

The college is organized into three schools, each supporting a different set of majors, including a graduate program, plus an extensive online education program.
Wrestling at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 90 kg
The men's Greco-Roman 90 kilograms at the 1992 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya from July 28 to July 30. The wrestlers are divided into 2 groups. The winner of each group decided by a double-elimination system.

Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya
The Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (English: National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia, INEFC) is an indoor venue located in Barcelona. Renovated in 1991 on a design by Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura, it hosted the wrestling events for the 1992 Summer Olympics.
SEC Nation
SEC Nation is a pre-game show broadcast by SEC Network as part of its coverage of college football.

Modeled after ESPN's College GameDay, it broadcasts on Saturday mornings during the regular season from the campus of a Southeastern Conference (SEC) school, and features news and analysis of the day's upcoming games in the SEC.

Paul Finebaum
Paul Finebaum (born July 26, 1955) is an American sports author, former columnist, and television-radio personality. His primary focus is sports in the Southeast United States. After Finebaum spent many years as a reporter, columnist, and sports talk radio host in the Birmingham, Alabama, area, ESPN hired him in 2013 as a personality on the new SEC Network. Finebaum produces a radio show out of the network's regional base in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Jetty Kleijn
Jetty Kleijn (short for Henriëtte Cornelia Margaretha Kleijn) is a Dutch computer scientist known for her work in automata theory and concurrent computing, on Petri nets, and on interactions between computer science and biology. A 2020 special issue of Fundamenta Informaticae was dedicated to Kleijn in celebration of her 65th birthday.

Petri net
A Petri net, also known as a place/transition net (PT net), is one of several mathematical modeling languages for the description of distributed systems.  It is a class of discrete event dynamic system. A Petri net is a directed bipartite graph that has two types of elements: places and transitions. Place elements are depicted as white circles and transition elements are depicted as rectangles. 
A place can contain any number of tokens, depicted as black circles. A transition is enabled if all places connected to it as inputs contain at least one token.
Like industry standards such as UML activity diagrams, Business Process Model and Notation, and event-driven process chains, Petri nets offer a graphical notation for stepwise processes that include choice, iteration, and concurrent execution. Unlike these standards, Petri nets have an exact mathematical definition of their execution semantics, with a well-developed mathematical theory for process analysis.
Tumba-Lediima Nature Reserve
Tumba-Lediima Nature Reserve is a protected area in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It lies immediately east of the Congo River, in Mai-Ndombe and Équateur provinces, and extends from east of the town of Yumbi to just south of the town of Liranga.

It protects a portion of the eastern Congolian swamp forests.

The reserve was designated in 2006, and covers an area of 7411.77 km2.

The reserve, along with Ngiri Triangle Nature Reserve to the northeast, is part of the Triangle de la Ngiri Ramsar Site, a designated wetland of international importance covering 65,696.24 km2.

Yumbi
Yumbi is a town and territory of Mai-Ndombe in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It lies on the eastern bank of the Congo River between Bolobo and Lukolela. 
The town of Yumbi is the headquarters of Yumbi Territory and has a population of approximately 30,000.

On February 2, 2003 a tornado killed 17 people in and near the town. Over 4,000 people were injured, 217 seriously.
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. is an American manufacturer of discrete semiconductors and passive electronic components founded by Polish-born businessman Felix Zandman. Vishay has manufacturing plants in Israel, Asia, Europe, and the Americas where it produces rectifiers, diodes, MOSFETs, optoelectronics, selected integrated circuits, resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Vishay Intertechnology revenues for 2024 were $2.9 billion. At the end of 2024, Vishay had approximately 22,700 full-time employees.

Vishay is one of the world's foremost manufacturers of power MOSFETs. They have a wide range of power electronic applications, including portable information appliances, internet communications infrastructure,  power integrated circuits, cell phones, and notebook computers.

Power semiconductor device
A power semiconductor device is a semiconductor device used as a switch or rectifier in power electronics (for example in a switched-mode power supply). Such a device is also called a power device or, when used in an integrated circuit, a power IC.

A power semiconductor device is usually used in "commutation mode" (i.e., it is either on or off), and therefore has a design optimized for such usage; it should usually not be used in linear operation. Linear power circuits are widespread as voltage regulators, audio amplifiers, and radio frequency amplifiers.

Power semiconductors are found in systems delivering as little as a few tens of milliwatts for a headphone amplifier, up to around a gigawatt in a high-voltage direct current transmission line.
Hu Gabrielse
Hubert Gabrielse (March 1, 1926 – March 11, 2024) was a Canadian geologist who worked for the Geological Survey of Canada. He devoted much of his more than 50 years in geosciences to regional geological mapping in the American Cordillera of British Columbia, southeast Yukon and southwest District of Mackenzie. His work has led to syntheses of the geological evolution of the northern Cordillera range.

Gabrielse published several papers with Stewart Blusson in the late 1960s. He was a contributor to Lithoprobe.

Gabrielse died in West Vancouver on March 11, 2024, at the age of 98.

One of the volcanoes found in the Tuya Volcanic Field is named after him, Gabrielse Cone.

District of Mackenzie
The District of Mackenzie was a regional administrative district of Canada's Northwest Territories. The district consisted of the portion of the Northwest Territories directly north of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan on Canada's mainland.
Nick van der Meer
Nick van der Meer (born 18 January 1985) is a retired Dutch professional tennis player.

Van der Meer reached a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 332 achieved on 25 June 2012. He also had a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 444 achieved on 19 October 2009.

Van der Meer made his ATP Tour main draw debut in singles at the 2004 Dutch Open held on clay courts in Amersfoort, Netherlands. He received a wild card entry into the first round of the singles draw,  where he was defeated by seventh seeded Spaniard Alberto Martín in straight sets 0–6, 4–6.

Van der Meer reached 13 career singles finals with a record of 7 wins and 6 losses all occurring on the ITF Futures circuit. Additionally, he has reached 9 career doubles finals, with a record of 2 wins and 7 losses which includes a 0–1 record in ATP Challenger finals.

Amersfoort
Amersfoort (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈaːmərsfoːrt] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of Utrecht, Netherlands. As of 31 January 2023, the municipality had a population of 160,902, making it the second-largest of the province and fifteenth-largest of the country. Amersfoort is also one of the largest Dutch railway junctions with its three stations—Amersfoort Centraal, Schothorst and Vathorst—due to its location on two of the Netherlands' main east to west and north to south railway lines. The city was used during the 1928 Summer Olympics as a venue for the modern pentathlon events. Amersfoort marked its 750th anniversary as a city in 2009.
Tabae
Tabae or Tabai (Ancient Greek: Τάβαι) was a city in ancient Caria, although, according to Strabo it was located in a plain in Phrygia on the boundaries of Caria. The place is now Tavas, near Kale, Denizli in Turkey; some inscriptions and numerous ancient remains have been found.

Stephanus Byzantius mentions two cities of this name, one in Lydia (which is conjectured to be Tabala), the other in Caria. Livy says that it was on the frontier of Pisidia towards the coast of the Gulf of Pamphylia. The town in question, however, some coins of which are extant, was one which claimed to have been founded by one Tabus. Others derive its name from tabi, which in Semitic languages means "good", and others from a native word taba, meaning "rock", which seems a probable derivation.

Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Latin: Stephanus Byzantinus; Ancient Greek: Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; fl. 6th century AD) was an Eastern Roman grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά). Only meagre fragments of the dictionary survive, but the epitome is extant, compiled by one Hermolaus, not otherwise identified.
Fabio Alberto León Bentley Airport
Fabio Alberto León Bentley Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Fabio Alberto León Bentley) (IATA: MVP, ICAO: SKMU) is an airport serving Mitú in the  Vaupés Department of Colombia. It is next to the Vaupés River and runs along the entire length of the city.

It has an asphalt runway sufficient for medium-sized passenger jets and military transport aircraft. The passenger terminal is small but functional, with one or two shops and a cafeteria. All visitors to Mitú must register with the police at the airport upon arrival and departure.

The Mitu VOR-DME (Ident: MTU) and non-directional beacon (Ident: MTU) are located on the field.

Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.
Acrocercops telestis
Acrocercops telestis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from India (Bihar).

The larvae feed on Mallotus repandus, Trewia species (including Trewia nudiflora), Cinnamomum species, Eugenia cumini, Eugenia jambolana and Gmelina arborea. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

Mallotus repandus
Mallotus repandus, known in Australia as the climbing mallotus, is a species of plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to the Indian subcontinent, mainland Southeast Asia, Malesia, New Guinea, Queensland, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.
MV John J. Boland
MV John J. Boland is a diesel-powered lake freighter owned and operated by the Buffalo-based American Steamship Company (ASC), a subsidiary of Rand Logistics. This vessel was built in 1973 at Bay Shipbuilding Company, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. Initially named Charles E. Wilson, the vessel was renamed to its current name in 2000.

She is a self-unloading vessel, with a 250-foot (76 m) boom, mounting a conveyor belt, that could be swung to port or starboard. The ship is 680 feet (210 m) long and 78 feet (24 m) wide, with a carrying capacity of 34,000 tons (at midsummer draft), limestone, grain, coal or iron ore.

Bay Shipbuilding Company
Bay Shipbuilding Company (BSC) is a shipyard and dry dock company in Sturgeon Bay, Door County, Wisconsin. As of 2015, Bay Ships was a subsidiary of Fincantieri Marine Group and produces articulated tug and barges, OPA-90 compliant double hull tank ships and offshore support vessels. It also provides repair services to the lake freighter fleet. In the past the shipyard located in Sturgeon Bay has operated under several different names and traces its history back to 1918.

The company also built 40,000 ton Lake freighters in the 1970s and 1980s. While capable of producing large freighters, the yard had not built a freighter over 20,000 tons since 1987 until the MV Mark W. Barker, launched in 2022. Former names of the shipyards at the 2015 location of Bay Shipbuilding are: Sturgeon Bay Shipbuilding, Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Company and Christy Corporation.
Reginald H. Phillips
Reginald H. "Reggie" Phillips (born 1953) was a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives who represented the 110th district. He was sworn into office in January 2015. During his tenure, the 110th district, located in Downstate Illinois, includes Coles, Cumberland, Clark, Crawford and Lawrence counties.

On September 22, 2017, Phillips announced he would not run for a third term. He was succeeded by Republican Chris Miller.

Cumberland County, Illinois
Cumberland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,450. Its county seat is Toledo.

Cumberland County is part of the Charleston–Mattoon, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Pestil
Pestil is a traditional dried fruit pulp that is commonly produced in Anatolia and Armenia. It is known under different names such as bastegh or pastegh (Armenian: պաստեղ), t'tu lavash (Armenian: թթու լավաշ, lit. 'sour lavash'), bestil, and fruit leather.

Fruit leather is made from mechanically pulverizing fruit, then spreading it out to dry into a tough, yet flexible and edible material which can be kept preserved for several months in an airtight container. It is a popular dessert in Armenia and Turkey.

Pestil might be made with different types of fruit beside plums. Pomegranates, grapes, apples, apricots, pears, peaches and watermelons are popular choices.

Plum
A plum is a fruit of some species in Prunus subg. Prunus. Dried plums are usually called prunes.

Plums are likely to have been one of the first fruits domesticated by humans, with origins in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus Mountains and China. They were brought to Britain from Asia, and their cultivation has been documented in Andalusia, southern Spain. Plums are a diverse group of species, with trees reaching a height of 5–6 metres (16–20 ft) when pruned. The fruit is a drupe, with a firm and juicy flesh.  Plums can be eaten fresh, dried to make prunes, used in jams, or fermented into wine and distilled into brandy. Plum seeds (also called kernels) contain the cyanide-like poison, amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside.

In 2023, China produced 55% of the world total of plums. Japanese or Chinese plums dominate the fresh fruit market, while European plums are also common in some regions.
Ganhoué
Ganhoué is a village in the far west of Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Ouaninou, Ouaninou Department, Bafing Region, Woroba District.

Ganhoué was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Ouaninou Department
Ouaninou Department is a department of Bafing Region in Woroba District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 65,981 and its seat is the settlement of Ouaninou. The sub-prefectures of the department are Gbelo, Gouékan, Koonan, Ouaninou, Saboudougou, and Santa.