hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Valsad
GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Valsad, established in 2012, is a medical college situated in Valsad, Gujarat. The college imparts the degree Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS). Nursing and para-medical courses are also offered. The college is affiliated to Veer Narmad South Gujarat University and is recognized by Medical Council of India. The hospital associated with the college is one of the largest hospitals in the Valsad. The selection of the college is done on the basis of merit through National Eligibility and Entrance Test. Yearly undergraduate student intake is 200.

Veer Narmad South Gujarat University
Veer Narmad South Gujarat University is a public university located in the city of Surat, Gujarat, India. Previously known as South Gujarat University, it was renamed as Veer Narmad South Gujarat University (VNSGU) in 2004 in honour of the famous scholar and Gujarati poet Narmad. Established  in 1965, the university offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses, including non-traditional postgraduate departments such as public administration, rural studies, comparative literature, and aquatic biology.
Louis Foster
Louis James Foster (born 27 July 2003) is a British racing driver. He competes in the IndyCar Series for Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing. He is the 2024 Indy NXT champion and also won the 2022 Indy Pro 2000 championship. Foster previously competed in the 2021 Euroformula Open Championship with CryptoTower Racing and the 2020 BRDC British Formula 3 Championship with Double R Racing where he finished third.

2021 Euroformula Open Championship
The 2021 Euroformula Open Championship was a multi-event motor racing championship for single-seater open wheel formula racing cars that was held across Europe. The championship featured drivers competing in Euroformula Open Championship specification Dallara 320 chassis cars. It was the eighth Euroformula Open Championship season.
Comets on Fire
Comets on Fire were an American noise rock band from Santa Cruz, California, United States. The band was formed in 1999 by guitarist and vocalist Ethan Miller and longtime friend bassist Ben Flashman, who were seeking to create rhythmically and sonically intense music that paid no attention to categorizations.

Sub Pop
Sub Pop is an independent record label founded in 1986 in Seattle by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman. Sub Pop achieved fame in the early 1990s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Tad, Beach House, The Postal Service, Sleater-Kinney, Flight of the Conchords, Foals, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, clipping., Shabazz Palaces, Weyes Blood, Guerilla Toss, Bully,  La Luz, Low, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Kiwi Jr., Built to Spill, TV Priest and The Shins. In 1995, the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.
Mamman Daura
Mamman Daura CON CFR (born 1939) is a Nigerian newspaper editor who edited and later managed the New Nigerian from 1969 to 1975. He is a nephew of President Muhammadu Buhari; and a prominent member of the infamous Kaduna Mafia, a loose group of Nigerian businessmen, civil servants, intellectuals and military officers from Northern Nigeria.

Order of the Federal Republic
The Member of the Order of the Federal Republic (MFR) is one of two orders of merit, established by the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1963. It is senior to the Order of the Niger.

The highest honours are the Grand Commander in the Order of the Federal Republic and Grand Commander in the Order of the Niger and they are awarded to the President and vice-president respectively. The Presiding Judge in the Supreme Court and the Chairman of the Senate are former officials Grand Commanders in the Order of the Niger.

The Nigerians have followed the British example in the form and structure of the Order. There are also post-nominal letters for the members of the Order of the Niger.

There is a Civil Division and a Military Division. The ribbon of the latter division has a small red line in the middle.
Newark Valley (Nevada)
Newark Valley is a north–south trending endorheic valley in western White Pine County, Nevada. The valley contains the dry Newark Lake bed, which is approximately 23 km (14 mi) by 3.5 km (2.2 mi). To the west, the Diamond Mountains border the valley and to the east, various minor mountains separate the Newark from Long Valley. To the north across a relatively low divide lies Huntington and Ruby valleys.

US Route 50 crosses the south end of the valley at the north end of the Pancake Range. Nevada State Route 892 runs north from US 50 along the west margin of the valley.

Long Valley (Nevada)
Long Valley is an approximately 25-mile (40 km) long endorheic basin in the northern portion of Washoe County, Nevada in the northwest corner of Nevada. It is bordered by the Hays Canyon Range to the west, which gradually transitions into rolling hills north of the valley. To the east lies a large plateau, which is partially dissected by Massacre Lake Valley; this plateau eventually rises to over 7,000 feet in elevation as it rises toward the Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge.
You're Skitting Me
You're Skitting Me is an Australian children's sketch comedy series that began airing on 29 February 2012 on ABC3. The cast consists of six teen actors who make up the main cast, as well as another six teens who make up the additional cast, who together perform numerous sketches or "skits". The show is composed of numerous short segments per episode, and pokes fun at and parodies many subjects and themes, such as TV shows, movies and cultural stereotypes, as well as controversial issues such as global warming. Twenty-six episodes have been produced by Jigsaw Entertainment. The name of the series is a play on the phrase "You're Kidding Me".

The second series aired from 27 September to 9 October 2013. The third series began airing on 19 September 2016, when ABC3 rebranded as ABC ME. It features five new actors, as well as three featured from Series 2.

ABC Me
ABC Me was an Australian children's free-to-air television channel owned by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. It was launched by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd on 4 December 2009 as ABC3, to become Australia's first dedicated children’s channel on free-to-air. It also aimed to broadcast 50% local programming. In ratings recorded in 2015, ABC3 held a high average audience of 562,000 among its target audience of 5–12-year-old children.

Budget cuts by the Abbott government led to a brand refresh on 19 September 2016 to ABC Me, with the network pushing online streaming. The channel also reduced its Australian content quota to 25%. On 3 June 2024, ABC Me was rebranded to ABC Entertains, which now features general entertainment programming. Children's programming mostly moved to ABC Family and ABC iview.
Peont
Peont is a village  and a Panchayat at Nissing tehsil in Karnal district in the Indian state of Haryana. It comes under Chirao block. The village is located about 22 km from Karnal on Assandh road National Highway  709A. It is well connected to Jundla via Assandh road 9 km & Gondar road 11 km Pacca khera road 6 km

Gharaunda
Gharaunda is a town and a municipal committee  in Karnal district  in the state of Haryana, India. It is situated at a distance of sixty-five miles to the northwest of New Delhi. It is eleven miles from Karnal, the district headquarters. The Amritsar-Delhi main broad-gauge railway line passes through the town. Indo-Israel Centre For Excellence in Vegetables and one of the leading footwear industries of India 'Liberty Shoes' has its manufacturing unit in Gharaunda. This has given fame to the place. Gharaunda serves as a big Grain market for the state.
All I Need (Air song)
"All I Need" is a song by French music group Air from their debut album Moon Safari (1998). The song was written by group members Nicolas Godin and Jean-Benoît Dunckel, along with American singer Beth Hirsch, who provides vocals on the song. Production of the song was handled by the former two.  The song was released as the third single from Moon Safari on 9 November 1998.

Bass (sound)
Bass (/beɪs/ BAYSS) (also called bottom end) describes tones of low (also called "deep") frequency, pitch and range from 16 to 250 Hz (C0 to middle C4) and bass instruments that produce tones in the low-pitched range C2-C4. They belong to different families of instruments and can cover a wide range of musical roles. Since producing low pitches usually requires a long air column or string, and for stringed instruments, a large hollow body, the string and wind bass instruments are usually the largest instruments in their families or instrument classes.
Hvalsey Church
Hvalsey Church (Danish: Hvalsø Kirke; Old Norse: Hvalseyjarfjarðarkirkja) was a Catholic church at the abandoned Greenlandic Norse homestead of Hvalseyjarfjord (near modern-day Qaqortoq). The best preserved Norse ruins in Greenland, the church was also the location of the last written record of the Greenlandic Norse, a wedding in September 1408.

Norsemen
The Norsemen (or Northmen) were a Germanic cultural group in the Early Middle Ages, originating among speakers of Old Norse in Scandinavia. During the late eighth century, Scandinavians embarked on a large-scale expansion in all directions, giving rise to the Viking Age. In English-language scholarship since the 19th century, Norse seafaring traders, settlers and warriors have commonly been referred to as Vikings.

Historians of Anglo-Saxon England often use the term "Norse" in a different sense, distinguishing between Norse Vikings (Norsemen) from Norway, who mainly invaded and occupied the islands north and north-west of Britain as well as Ireland and western Britain, and Danish Vikings, who principally invaded and occupied eastern Britain.
Multi-dynamic image technique
Multi-dynamic image technique is a name given by its Canadian creator Christopher Chapman (January 24, 1927 – October 24, 2015) to a film innovation which shows several images shifting simultaneously on right-angled panes within the overall image, with these panes variously containing a single image or forming part of an image completed by one or a number of other panes. The process was first used in his film A Place to Stand, produced for the Ontario pavilion at Expo 67, held in Montreal.

Right angle
In geometry and trigonometry, a right angle is an angle of exactly 90 degrees or ⁠/2⁠ radians corresponding to a quarter turn. If a ray is placed so that its endpoint is on a line and the adjacent angles are equal, then they are right angles. The term is a calque of Latin angulus rectus; here rectus means "upright", referring to the vertical perpendicular to a horizontal base line.

Closely related and important geometrical concepts are perpendicular lines, meaning lines that form right angles at their point of intersection, and orthogonality, which is the property of forming right angles, usually applied to vectors. The presence of a right angle in a triangle is the defining factor for right triangles, making the right angle basic to trigonometry.
Saeed Qasim Al-Khalidi Al-Maliki
Saeed Bin Qasim Bin Yahya Al-Khalidi (Arabic: سعيد بن قاسم بن يحيى الخالدي المالكي) is a Saudi Arabian academic and politician. He was a Member of the Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia, and an associate Professor in the College of Business at King Khalid University.

A graduate of Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, he completed an MSc in Computer Science at the University of East Anglia in 2001, and subsequently completed a PhD in Information Systems at East Anglia in 2006.

King Khalid University
King Khalid University is a public university in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Established in 1998, the university came to being through the merger of the satellite campuses of Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University and King Saud University into one entity. It is named after King Khalid bin Abdulalziz, the ruler of Saudi Arabia from 1975 until 1982.
Aphaniops
Aphaniops is a genus of killifishes in the family Aphaniidae, which are native to Western Asia (including Asia Minor and Iran), Northeast Africa and east to southwest India. Several species in the genus have very limited distribution and may be threatened.

Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.
Music (D Train album)
Music is the second studio album by the American urban/post-disco group D Train, released in 1983 on Prelude Records via the United States and United Kingdom. The album was remastered by Canadian label Unidisc Music in 1992 including five bonus tracks.

The album was produced by its musical group member Hubert Eaves III. Recording sessions began in late 1982 and finished in mid 1983.

Prelude Records
Prelude Records was a New York–based independent record label that was active from 1977 to 1986. At one time, François Kevorkian held an A&R position at Prelude. The label's owner was Marvin Schlachter, and his business partner was Stan Hoffman, who had worked with him at Janus Records, and later Pye/ATV. Hoffman eventually became a noted boxing promotor.
Zgornje Hlapje
Zgornje Hlapje (pronounced [ˈzɡoːɾnjɛ ˈxlaːpjɛ]) is a dispersed settlement in the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice) in northeastern Slovenia. It belongs to the Municipality of Pesnica, traditionally part of Styria. The area is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

Slovene Hills
The Slovene Hills or the Slovenian Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice, German: Windische Bühel or Windische Büheln) is the largest hilly region of Slovenia, a smaller part is located in the Austrian province of Styria. It is situated in the northeast of the country and has an area of 1,017 square kilometres (393 sq mi). It comprises the Western Slovene Hills and the Eastern Slovene Hills (also named Prlekija). The region is known for its vineyards and wines. The central town and municipality is Lenart.
Agamede (Lesbos)
Agamede (Ancient Greek: Ἀγαμήδη) was a town of ancient Lesbos. According to Stephanus of Byzantium, it was named after Agamede, a daughter of Macar. The town had already disappeared in Pliny's day.

The site of Agamede has been identified in 2002 with the ancient ruins on a small hill called Vounaros 3 km north of ancient Pyrrha.

Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Latin: Stephanus Byzantinus; Ancient Greek: Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; fl. 6th century AD) was an Eastern Roman grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά). Only meagre fragments of the dictionary survive, but the epitome is extant, compiled by one Hermolaus, not otherwise identified.
John Penick
John E. Penick (born 1944) is an American professor of science education who has taught in high schools, community college, and at several universities in the United States and abroad. Author of more than 200 articles in professional journals and 40 books and monographs, Penick is best known for promoting innovative programs and processes for enhancing undergraduate teacher education. Many of his innovations were based on his studies of exemplary teachers in the United States, studies that focused on determining the roles of effective teachers.

In addition to his work with undergraduates, Penick has conducted workshops and presentations for teachers in almost every state of the U.S., speaking about and demonstrating how research can inform teacher practice and conditions. Widening his scope, Penick has worked extensively with a variety of international universities, ministries of education, and organizations in 35 countries.

Science education
Science education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public. The field of science education includes work in science content, science process (the scientific method), some social science, and some teaching pedagogy. The standards for science education provide expectations for the development of understanding for students through the entire course of their K-12 education and beyond. The traditional subjects included in the standards are physical, life, earth, space, and human sciences.
Bowman–Heidenhain hypothesis
The Bowman–Heidenhain hypothesis is an early explanation of renal function and urinary secretion.

The hypothesis states that the kidney is first and foremost a secreting gland. According to the theory, glomeruli are merely filters, while the tubules are the true secretory structures. To prove his hypothesis, Rudolph Heidenhain injected methylene blue into an animal's bloodstream, which soon appeared in the urine. More evident proof of this theory is that when the tubules are destroyed, urine becomes watery and urea and other toxic products remain in the blood.

This theory was later merged with the Ludwig theory to form the modern theory.

Tubule
In biology, a tubule is a general term referring to small tube or similar type of structure. Specifically, tubule can refer to:

a small tube or fistular structure

a minute tube lined with glandular epithelium

any hollow cylindrical body structure

a minute canal found in various structures or organs of the body

a slender elongated anatomical channel

a minute tube, especially as an anatomical structure.
National Route 1 (South Korea)
National Route 1 (Korean: 국도 제1호선; RR: Gukdo Je Il(1) Hoseon) is a national highway in South Korea. It connects Mokpo, South Jeolla Province with the city of Paju in Gyeonggi-do. Before the division of the Korean peninsula, the highway ran until Sinuiju, North P'yongan Province, in present-day North Korea.

South Pyongan Province
South Pyongan Province (Korean: 평안남도; MR: Phyŏngannamdo; IPA: [pʰjʌŋanːamdo]) is a province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the southern half of the former Pyongan Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Pyongsong.
McGeachy
McGeachy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edward McGeachy, the Crown Surveyor for the county of Surrey in Jamaica

Forster Alleyne McGeachy (1809–1887), British politician

Iain David McGeachy, British singer-songwriter and guitarist

Neill McGeachy (1942–2018), American basketball coach

Neill McGeachy
Neill Roderick McGeachy Jr. (April 20, 1942 – February 9, 2018) was an American basketball coach and college athletics administrator. Following the resignation of Bucky Waters, McGeachy was named the Duke Blue Devils men's basketball head coach in September 1973. He had previously served as the freshman team's coach in 1971–72 and as an assistant in 1972–73. McGeachy was fired after one season at the helm, compiling a record of 10–16.

McGeachy also served as an assistant coach for the Davidson Wildcats and the Wake Forest Demon Deacons. He later returned to his alma mater, Lenoir-Rhyne University, assuming the role of athletic director in 2002. He retired in 2016 after suffering a stroke in September 2015.

McGeachy died on February 9, 2018.
Alfredo Sadun
Alfredo Arrigo Sadun (born October 23, 1950) is an American ophthalmologist, academic, author and researcher. He holds the Flora L. Thornton Endowed Chair and is chief of ophthalmology at Doheny Eye Centers  and Vice-Chair of Ophthalmology at UCLA.

Sadun has received recognition for his work in neuro-ophthalmology and especially in diseases of the optic nerve. He has published over 430 peer-reviewed articles and has 5 patents awarded. He is the author of 5 books, entitled Optics for Ophthalmologists: A Board-Review Manual, Neuroprotection: Implication for Eye Disease, New Methods of Sensory Visual Testing, Ophthalmology, and Atlas of Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. His publications have been cited over 25,000 times, and his h-index is 86.

Sadun is a Gold Fellow of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). and the editor-in-chief of Perspective for the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Optic nerve
In neuroanatomy, the optic nerve, also known as the second cranial nerve, cranial nerve II, or simply CN II, is a paired cranial nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve is derived from optic stalks during the seventh week of development and is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells; it extends from the optic disc to the optic chiasma and continues as the optic tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus.
Francisca of Portugal
Franscisca of Portugal can refer to:

Infanta Francisca Josefa of Portugal (1699–1736), daughter of Peter II of Portugal and Marie Sophie of Neuberg

Princess Francisca of Brazil (1824–1898), daughter of Pedro I of Brazil and Maria Leopoldina of Austria.

Peter II of Portugal
Dom Pedro II (Peter II; 26 April 1648 – 9 December 1706), nicknamed the Pacific (Português: o Pacífico) was King of Portugal from 1683 until his death, previously serving as regent for his brother Afonso VI from 1668 until his own accession. He was the fifth and last child of John IV and Luisa de Guzmán.
Lethal Vows
Lethal Vows is a 1999 made-for-television American drama film based on the events which led to the trial and conviction of Richard K. Overton for the poisoning death of his third wife, Janet Overton. Starring John Ritter, Marg Helgenberger and Megan Gallagher, the movie premiered October 13, 1999, on CBS.

Megan Gallagher
Megan Gallagher (born February 6, 1960) is an American theater and television actress. Having studied at the Juilliard School under the supervision of John Houseman, Gallagher began her career on stage, and has appeared in several Broadway theatre productions, winning a Theatre World Award for her role in A Few Good Men.

From there, Gallagher moved to Los Angeles to pursue acting in film and television; after making a screen debut in George Washington, she graduated to recurring roles in Hill Street Blues and China Beach, and starring roles in The Slap Maxwell Story, The Larry Sanders Show and Millennium. The role of Catherine Black in that series had been written with Gallagher in mind.
KTFN
KTFN (channel 65) is a television station in El Paso, Texas, United States, affiliated with the Spanish-language network UniMás. It is owned by Entravision Communications alongside Univision affiliate KINT-TV (channel 26). The two stations share studios on North Mesa Street/Highway 20 in northwest El Paso; KTFN's transmitter is located atop the Franklin Mountains on the El Paso city limits.

Franklin Mountains (Texas)
The Franklin Mountains of Texas (Spanish: Sierras de los Mansos) are a small range 23 miles (37 km) long, 3 miles (5 km) wide that extend from El Paso, Texas, north into New Mexico. The Franklins were formed due to crustal extension related to the Cenozoic Rio Grande rift. Although the present topography of the range and adjoining basins is controlled by extension during rifting in the last 10 million years, faults within the range also record deformation during the Laramide orogeny, between 85 and 45 million years ago.

The highest peak is North Franklin Peak at 7,192 feet (2,192 m). Much of the range is part of the Franklin Mountains State Park. The mountains are composed primarily of sedimentary rock with some igneous intrusions. Geologists refer to them as tilted-block fault mountains and in them can be found 1.25 billion-year-old Precambrian rocks, the oldest in Texas.