hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vladimir Ostroushko
Vladimir Sergeevich Ostroushko (Russian: Владимир Сергеевич Остроушко; born 30 September 1986) is a former Russian rugby union player. He played as a wing.

He played for RC Kuban, from 2012/13 to 2019/20, when he finished his career.

He had 51 caps for Russia, since 2006, with 25 tries scored, 125 points on aggregate. he had his first game at the 67–7 loss to Italy, at 14 October 2006, in Moscow, for the 2007 Rugby World Cup qualifyings. Ostroushko was part of the Russian squad at the 2011 Rugby World Cup, playing in all the four games and scoring two tries. He was called for the 2019 Rugby World Cup, playing a single game but without scoring. He had his last game at the 32–25 win over Romania, at 7 March 2020, in Krasnodar, for the Six Nations B, aged 33 years old.

Ostroushko also played for the Russia national rugby sevens team, and represented Russia during the 2015-16 World Rugby Sevens Series.

RC Kuban
RC Kuban is a professional Russian rugby union team from Krasnodar. It was created in 1996, thanks to the initiative of businessman Anatoly Kiselev and Fedor Musatov. The first section was opened on the basis of a comprehensive school No.82.
Reuben Johannes
Reuben Benjamin Johannes (born 5 October 1990) is a South African professional rugby union player who last played for the Pumas in the Currie Cup and in the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is flanker.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
Mike Veile
Michael Veile is an American politician, businessman and engineer who is currently serving as a Republican member of the Idaho House of Representatives, representing District 35A. He was appointed to the seat on September 25, 2025, to fill a vacancy left after Kevin Andrus resigned from the Idaho House of Representatives following his appointment to a position in the United States Department of Agriculture.

Idaho House of Representatives
The Idaho House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Idaho Legislature.

It consists of 70 representatives elected to two-year terms. The state is divided into 35 districts, each of which elects two representatives to separate seats. It meets at the Idaho State Capitol in Boise, Idaho, in the State Capitol Building.
Sunday's Well
Sunday's Well (Irish: Tobar Rí an Domhnaigh, meaning 'Well of the King of Sunday') is a suburb of Cork city in Ireland. It is situated in the north-west of the city, on a ridge on the northern bank of the River Lee. Sunday's Well is part of the Dáil constituency of Cork North-Central, and Cork City Council's Cork City North West local electoral area.

The area's former 19th century Catholic church, St. Vincent's Church, was previously associated with the Vincentian Fathers and deconsecrated in 2018. The local GAA club is also named St Vincent's. Rugby union club Sundays Well RFC was formed in the area in 1906, before moving to Musgrave Park on the southside of the city in the 1940s. Sundays Well Boating and Tennis Club, established in 1899, is also based nearby in Mardyke Walk.

Cork North-Central
Cork North-Central is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects five deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Joe Kennaway
James T. Kennaway (25 January 1907 – 7 March 1969) was a dual international (Canada and Scotland) football goalkeeper. He began his career in Canada, spent four years in the American Soccer League before finishing his career with Celtic in the Scottish Football League. He later coached the Brown University soccer team from 1946 to 1959.

Providence F.C.
The Providence Football Club was a member of the American Soccer League. They were renamed the Providence Gold Bugs before the spring half of the 1928–1929 season. In the fall of 1929, the team installed lights at its field, allowing for night games. The club won the American Soccer Association Cup in 1929.

After the fall 1930 season, the club was bought and became the Fall River F.C.
Viesīte Municipality
Viesīte Municipality (Latvian: Viesītes novads) is a former municipality in Selonia, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Elkšņi parish, Rite parish, Sauka parish and Viesīte town with its countryside territory, the administrative centre being Viesīte. In 2010 Viesīte parish was created from the countryside territory of Viesīte town. The population in 2020 was 3,500.

On 1 July 2021, Viesīte Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged into Jēkabpils Municipality.

Rite Parish
Rite Parish (Latvian: Rites pagasts) is an administrative territorial entity of Jēkabpils Municipality in the Selonia region of Latvia. Prior to 2009, it was an administrative unit of the former Jēkabpils district. 
The administrative center is Cīruļi village.
Snow Petrel Peak
Snow Petrel Peak is a sharp rock peak marking the easternmost summit of Mason Spur at the northeast end of Hillary Coast, Ross Dependency in Antarctica. Snow Petrel Peak appears in a 1987 sketch map and report by geologist Anne Wright-Grassham, (earlier Anne C. Wright), who was a member of the 1983-1984 New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology field party to Mason Spur. The name Snow Petrel Peak may come from a story about a pair of nesting snow petrels seen flying around the peak over several days in November 1983.
Its elevation is 605 meters.

New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
The New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech or NMT), formerly New Mexico School of Mines, is a public university in Socorro, New Mexico, United States.

It offers over 30 Bachelor of Science degrees in technology, the sciences, engineering, management, and technical communication, as well as graduate degrees at the masters and doctoral levels.

NMT regularly ranks high as a top public college in the West (U.S. News & World Report), public universities for percentage of bachelor's students who earn a doctorate (National Science Foundation), and as one the best Hispanic-serving universities in America (Niche.com).
Simone Hines (album)
Simone Hines is the only studio album by American contemporary R&B singer Simone Hines, released September 16, 1997 via Epic Records. Recording sessions took place at Quad Studios, Sony Studios, Mystic Studios, Cutting Room and AXIS Studios in New York City, at Studio 'N' That Hood, Westlake Studios, Palm Tree Studios and Skip Saylor's in Los Angeles, at Tarpan Studios and SoundWeb Studios in San Rafael, at DARP Studios in Atlanta, at The Track House in Chino Hills and at Hillside Studios in Englewood. Production was handled by Gregory Charley, Manuel Seal, Michael "$" Mani, Sauce, Andre Evans, Bernard Belle, Bob Antoine, Darkchild, Frank "Nitty" Primentel, Harvey Mason Jr., Jae-E, Narada Michael Walden, SOL and Steve Russell.

The album did not chart in the United States, however its lead single "Yeah! Yeah! Yeah!" peaked at No. 38 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

Manuel Seal
Manuel Lonnie Seal, Jr. (born September 26, 1960) is an American multi-instrumentalist, record producer, composer, singer, songwriter, vocal coach, and arranger. He has been credited, often in tandem with Jermaine Dupri, on releases by Mariah Carey, Janet Jackson, Usher, TLC, Aretha Franklin, Xscape, Cherish, Tyrese, Alicia Keys, Gerald Levert, Marc Dorsey and Destiny's Child, among others.

Seal has won a Grammy Award from 13 nominations.
Paul Barrow
Paul Barrow (born 20 October 1974) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played at club level for Swinton Lions (two spells), and Warrington Wolves, as a second-row.

Swinton Lions
The Swinton Lions are a professional rugby league club based in Swinton, Greater Manchester, England, which competes in the RFL Championship. The club has won the Championship six times and three Challenge Cups. Before 1996, the club was known simply as Swinton RLFC.
Eure, North Carolina
Eure is an unincorporated community in mid-western Gates County, North Carolina, United States. It lies at an elevation of 23 feet (7 m). It is approximately 15 minutes away from Merchants Millpond State Park, and about 40 minutes away from the Great Dismal Swamp.

Eure was incorporated in 1915, but later fell in active in municipal affairs. A volunteer fire department was established in 1980.

Volunteer fire department
A volunteer fire department (VFD) is a fire department of volunteers who perform fire suppression and other related emergency services for a local jurisdiction. Volunteer and retained (on-call) firefighters are expected to be on call to respond to emergency calls for long periods of time, and are summoned to the fire station when their services are needed. They are also expected to attend other non-emergency duties as well (training, fundraising, equipment maintenance, etc.).

Volunteer firefighters contrast with paid firefighters who work full or part-time and receive a salary. Some volunteer firefighters may be part of a combination fire department that employs both full-time and volunteer firefighters. On-call firefighters who receive some pay for their work are known as call firefighters in the United States, and retained firefighters in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Caux-et-Sauzens
Caux-et-Sauzens (French pronunciation: [ko e sozɛ̃s] ⓘ; Occitan: Caus e Sausens) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.

Located 8 kilometres west of Carcassonne between the Montagne Noire and Malepère, at the crossroads of the old Roman roads to Toulouse and from Foix towards Ariège and Spain. The Canal du Midi runs between the Village of Caux and the Hamlet of Sauzens. Its inhabitants are known as Cauxois.

Montagne Noire
The Montagne Noire (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃taɲ nwaʁ]; Occitan: Montanha Negra, known as the 'Black Mountain' in English) is a mountain range in central southern France. It is located at the southwestern end of the Massif Central at the juncture of the Tarn, Hérault and Aude departments. Its highest point is the Pic de Nore at 1,210 metres (3,970 ft).

The mountain is within the Haut-Languedoc Regional Nature Park.

The GSSP for the Tournaisian is near the summit of La Serre hill, in the commune of Cabrières, in the Montagne Noire. The GSSP is in a section on the southern side of the hill, in an 80 cm deep trench, about 125 m south of the summit, 2.5 km southwest of the village of Cabrières and 2.5 km north of the hamlet of Fontès.
Powars
Powars is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David S. Powars (fl. 1999), American geologist

Edward Eveleth Powars (fl. c. 1776–c. 1813), American newspaper publisher

Page Powars (fl. 2023), American romance writer

David S. Powars
David S. Powars  is a Research Geologist with the United States Geological Survey at the Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center, in  Reston, Virginia.

He is credited as a principal discoverer of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater.    He is the task leader of geological investigation of Coastal Plain (CP) deposits in Chesapeake Bay Region (as part of the Atlantic Watershed Project).
Pantheon (Marvel Comics)
Pantheon is a fictional organization appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Peter David, the Pantheon first appeared in The Incredible Hulk vol. 2 #368 (April 1990), and was a large part of that book's supporting cast from issue #379 (March 1991) to issue #426 (February 1995).

The Incredible Hulk (comic book)
The Incredible Hulk is a superhero comic book series series published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, it stars scientist Bruce Banner, who is irradiated by gamma rays that cause him to transform under stress into the Hulk, a giant powerful green-skinned monster who is the manifestation of Banner's anger.

The comic has been published on and off since 1962, and has been passed to many high-profile comics writers, such as Bill Mantlo, Peter David, and Greg Pak. Throughout its publication history, it has been intermittently replaced as the primary Hulk title by other series, including Tales to Astonish (1963–68), Indestructible Hulk (2013–15), and The Immortal Hulk (2018–21). The title is currently being written by Phillip Kennedy Johnson, who will relaunch it as The Infernal Hulk in 2025.
3rd Manchurian Army
The 3rd Manchurian Army (Russian: 3-й Маньчжурская армия / 3 МА) was a field army of the Russian Empire that was established in 1904 during  the Russo-Japanese War, to operate in Manchuria against Japan. It was one of the three such armies that were created and was disbanded in February 1906.

Field army
A field army (also known as numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps. It may be subordinate to an army group. Air armies are the equivalent formations in air forces, and fleets in navies. A field army is composed of 80,000 to 300,000 soldiers.
Mir-181 microRNA precursor
In molecular biology miR-181 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the RNase-III type enzyme Dicer to give a ~22 nucleotide mature product. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 5' arm of the precursor. They target and modulate protein expression by inhibiting translation and / or inducing degradation of target messenger RNAs. This new class of genes has recently been shown to play a central role in malignant transformation. miRNA are downregulated in many tumors and thus appear to function as tumor suppressor genes. The mature products miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-181c or miR-181d are thought to have regulatory roles at posttranscriptional level, through complementarity to target mRNAs. miR-181 has been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide number of vertebrate species such as rat, zebrafish, and pufferfish (see below) (MIPF0000007).

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Hartnup disease
Hartnup disease (also known as "pellagra-like dermatosis" and "Hartnup disorder") is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting the absorption of nonpolar amino acids (particularly tryptophan that can be, in turn, converted into serotonin, melatonin, and niacin). Niacin is a precursor to nicotinamide (both are forms of vitamin B3), a necessary component of NAD+.: 541

The causative gene, SLC6A19, is located on chromosome 5. It is named after the British family, Hartnup, who had this disease.

Chromosome 5
Chromosome 5 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 5 spans about 182 million base pairs (the building blocks of DNA) and represents almost 6% of the total DNA in cells. Chromosome 5 is the 5th largest human chromosome, yet has one of the lowest gene densities.   This is partially explained by numerous gene-poor regions that display a remarkable degree of non-coding and syntenic conservation with non-mammalian vertebrates, suggesting they are functionally constrained.

Because chromosome 5 is responsible for many forms of growth and development (cell divisions) changes may cause cancers. One example would be acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Harold Gladstone Watkin
Harold Gladstone Watkin (born 17 January 1882 in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, died 11 November 1965), known by many of his contemporaries as "Watty", is considered one of the most pioneering English orthodontists of the early 20th century.

Burslem
Burslem (/ˈbɜːrzləm/ BURZ-ləm) is one of the six towns that along with Hanley, Tunstall, Fenton, Longton and Stoke-upon-Trent form part of the city of Stoke-on-Trent in Staffordshire, England. It is often referred to as the "mother town" of Stoke on Trent. The population of the town was included under the Burslem Central ward and had a population of 6,490 in the 2021 Census.
Tuber cinereum hamartoma
Tuber cinereum hamartoma is a benign tumor in which a disorganized collection of neurons and glia accumulate at the tuber cinereum of the hypothalamus on the floor of the third ventricle. It is a congenital malformation, included on the spectrum of gray matter heterotopias. Formation occurs during embryogenesis, typically between days 33 and 41 of gestation. Size of the tumor varies from one to three centimeters in diameter, with the mean being closer to the low end of this range. It is estimated to occur at a frequency of one in one million individuals.

Gray matter heterotopia
Gray matter heterotopia is a neurological disorder caused by gray matter being located in an atypical location in the brain.

Grey matter heterotopia is characterized as a type of focal cortical dysplasia.  The neurons in heterotopia are otherwise healthy; nuclear studies have shown glucose metabolism equal to that of normally positioned gray matter. The condition causes a variety of symptoms, but usually includes some degree of epilepsy or recurring seizures, and often affects the brain's ability to function.

Symptoms vary in severity; the condition is occasionally discovered as an incidentaloma when brain imaging performed for an unrelated problem and has no apparent ill effect on the patient.  In other cases, heterotopia can result in severe seizure disorders, loss of motor skills, and intellectual disability.
Little Joe Blue
Little Joe Blue (September 23, 1934 – April 22, 1990) was an American electric blues singer and guitarist. His musical style was often compared to B. B. King.

His most notable track was "Dirty Work Going On", which was written by Ferdinand "Fats" Washington, and originally recorded by Little Joe Blue in 1966. It was released by Checker Records. The track peaked at No. 40 in the US Billboard R&B chart.

Jewel Records (Shreveport record label)
Jewel Records was an American independent record label, founded in 1963 by Stan Lewis (July 5, 1927 – July 15, 2018) and based in Shreveport, Louisiana.

It had two subsidiary labels, Paula (established in 1965 and named after Lewis's wife Pauline) and Ronn (established in 1967).
Cepstral mean and variance normalization
Cepstral mean and variance normalization (CMVN) is a computationally efficient normalization technique for robust speech recognition. The performance of CMVN is known to degrade for short utterances. This is due to insufficient data for parameter estimation and loss of discriminable information as all utterances are forced to have zero mean and unit variance.

CMVN minimizes distortion by noise contamination for robust feature extraction by linearly transforming the cepstral coefficients to have the same segmental statistics.  Cepstral Normalization has been effective in the CMU Sphinx for maintaining a high level of recognition accuracy over a wide variety of acoustical environments.

Estimation theory
Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component.  The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data. An estimator attempts to approximate the unknown parameters using the measurements.
In estimation theory, two approaches are generally considered:

The probabilistic approach (described in this article) assumes that the measured data is random with a probability distribution dependent on the parameters of interest

The set-membership approach assumes that the measured data vector belongs to a set which depends on the parameter vector.
Eddie Collins (miner)
J. T.  Eddie Collins (1894–1972) was a Yorkshire Miner, labour activist and local councillor. He was particularly active at Denaby Main, where he was for many years branch secretary of the Miners Union there.

Eddie was born at Wombwell, a mining village near Barnsley. His father was a sinker at Cadeby Main Colliery in the 1900s, and the family moved to Denaby Main. Eddie had aspirations to be a school teacher, but after failing the relevant exams he started work at Cadeby Main colliery, transferring to Denaby Main in 1911. However he did enrol in classes with the Workers Educational Association where he was taught by Arnold Freeman.

Barnsley
Barnsley (/ˈbɑːrnzli/ ⓘ) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It is the main settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley and the fourth largest settlement in South Yorkshire. The town's population was 71,422 in 2021, while the wider borough had a population of 244,600 in the 2021 census.

Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Barnsley is located on the M1 corridor between the cities of Sheffield to the south and Wakefield to the north. Doncaster is to the east, Huddersfield to the north-west, and Manchester lies west across the Peak District to which it is connected to via the A628 road.

Barnsley's former industries include linen, coal mining, glass making and textiles. Barnsley's culture is rooted in its industrial heritage and it has a tradition of brass bands, originally created as social clubs by its mining communities.
E. M. Rose
E. M. Rose (born 1959) is a historian of medieval and early modern England and a journalist, and the inaugural visiting scholar in the Program in Medieval Studies at Harvard University, best known for the book The Murder of William of Norwich. Rose worked as a producer at CNN for a decade prior to beginning a career as a historian. She has taught at Princeton University, Johns Hopkins, Villanova, and Baruch College, and has been a visiting fellow of Murray Edwards College, Cambridge University and visiting scholar at Oxford University's Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies. She has written widely about medieval antisemitism in England and France and the early English colonization of Virginia, among other topics.

Murray Edwards College, Cambridge
Murray Edwards College is a women-only constituent college of the University of Cambridge. It was founded in 1954 as New Hall and renamed in 2008. The name honours a gift of £30 million by alumna Ros Edwards and her husband Steve, and the first President and woman Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, Dame Rosemary Murray.
Ezri Konsa
Ezri Ngoyo Konsa (born 23 October 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back or right-back for Premier League club Aston Villa and the England national team.

Konsa came through the academy at Charlton Athletic, and later joined Brentford and Aston Villa. He played for England at youth level, winning the 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup with the under-20 team and the 2018 Toulon Tournament with the under-21s, before making his senior debut in March 2024.

2016–17 Charlton Athletic F.C. season
The 2016–17 season was Charlton Athletic's 95th season in their existence and first back in League One – since being champions in 2011–12 – following relegation from the championship the previous season. Along with competing in the League One, the club also participated in the FA Cup, League Cup and League Trophy. The season covered the period from 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.