hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moirang dialect
In linguistics, Moirang (ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ), also known as Moilang (ꯃꯣꯏꯂꯥꯡ), denotes a historical dialectal variety of the Meitei language (also known as Manipuri) associated with the Moirang clan and its former Moirang kingdom. The Moirang polity was one of the seven principal Yek Salai clans within the traditional Meitei confederacy. Historically prominent in ancient Moirang, this dialect exerted a notable influence on the development of Meitei by contributing a distinct lexical stratum. Vocabulary of Moirang origin is frequently attested in classical Meitei manuscripts and early literary sources. Owing to these characteristics, the Moirang dialect has attracted sustained scholarly attention, particularly in Tibeto-Burman linguistics, where it is examined for evidence relevant to the historical evolution, internal variation, and clan-based stratification of the Meitei language.

Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Chinese members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail.

Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree.
Terrorism in Turkey
Terrorism in Turkey is defined in Turkey's criminal law as crimes against the constitutional order and internal and external security of the state by the use of violence as incitement or systematic to create a general climate of fear and intimidation of the population and thereby effect political, religious, or ideological goals. Since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, both organized groups, lone wolf, and international spy agencies have committed many acts of domestic terrorism against Turkish people.

This article serves as categorization and a compilation of acts of terrorism, attempts to commit acts of terrorism, and other such items which pertain to terrorist activities which are engaged in by non-state actors or spies who are acting in the interests of state actors or persons who are acting without the approval of foreign governments within the domestic borders of the Republic of Turkey.

Non-state actor
A non-state actor (NSA) is an individual or organization that has significant political influence but is not allied to any particular country or state.

The interests, structure, and influence of NSAs vary widely. For example, among NSAs are non-profit organizations, labor unions, non-governmental organizations, banks, corporations, media organizations, business magnates, people's liberation movements, lobby groups, religious groups, aid agencies, and violent non-state actors such as paramilitary forces.
Montes Claros Vôlei
Montes Claros Vôlei is a Brazilian men's volleyball team from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. The team has been created in Goiás in 1998 under the name Associação de Paula e Montecristo Voleibol. It was transferred to Montes Claros to dispute the Brazilian Superleague for the season 2013–14, and was rebranded to Montes Claros Vôlei.

In the 2019/20 season, Montes Claros will represent América Futebol Clube.

Brazilian Volleyball Super League (men)
The Brazilian Volleyball Super League (Portuguese: Superliga Brasileira de Voleibol) is the top level Brazilian professional volleyball competition. It is organized by the Brazilian Volleyball Confederation. It shares the same name with the women's tournament, and are disputed simultaneously. The number of participating clubs varies every year. The champion team qualifies for the South American Championship.
Shyam Manav
Shyam Manav (born 9 September 1951) is an Indian rationalist and social reformer who leads the Akhil Bharatiya Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti (ABANS) organization that fights superstitions. He established ABANS in 1982 along with other rationalist activists from India. He also runs his YouTube channel, where he discusses issues such as rationality, superstitions, and personality development. Manav was a major force behind the Anti-Superstition and Black Magic Act enacted by the Indian state of Maharashtra, which he helped draft as well.

Reformism (historical)
Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes.
Michelle Lisa Herman
Michelle Lisa Herman (born 1985) is an American contemporary and conceptual artist who works with sculpture, video, installation, and painting. Herman's work draws on theoretical and philosophical research, feminist and disability politics, comedy, and conceptualism and investigates ideas of agency and invisible systems of power in technologically mediated society. Herman is currently based in Washington, DC.

Maryland Institute College of Art
The Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) is a private art and design college in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1826 as the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, it is regarded as one of the oldest art colleges in the United States.

MICA is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD), a consortium of US art schools. The college hosts pre-college, post-baccalaureate, continuing studies, Master of Fine Arts, and Bachelor of Fine Arts programs, as well as young peoples' studio art classes.
Caecilia dunni
Caecilia dunni is a species of caecilian in the family Caeciliidae. It is endemic to Ecuador and known from the Amazon basin in Napo and Pastaza Provinces. The specific name dunni honors Emmett Reid Dunn, a prominent American herpetologist. Common name Dunn's caecilian has been coined for it.

Caecilia dunni live subterraneanously in submontane forests. Deforestation is a potential threat to this little known species.

Napo Province
Napo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈnapo]) is a province of Ecuador. Its capital is Tena. The province is named after the Napo River. The province is not well developed and does not have much industrial presence. The thick rainforest is home to many natives that remain isolated by preference, descendants of those who fled the Spanish invasion in the Andes, and the Incas years before. In 2000, the province was the sole remaining majority-indigenous province of Ecuador, with 56.3% of the province either claiming indigenous identity or speaking an indigenous language.

This province is one of the many located in Ecuador's section of the Amazon rainforest.

In Napo province are also Antisana Ecological Reserve, Sumaco Napo-Galeras National Park, and Limoncocha National Biological Reserve.
2010 in Malaysia
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 2010, together with the deaths of notable Malaysians. Malaysia Day, 16 September was celebrated as a national holiday for the first time.

Klang Valley
2°40′54″N 101°39′41″E﻿ / ﻿2.68168°N 101.66127°E﻿ / 2.68168; 101.66127

Klang Valley (Malay: Lembah Klang) is an urban agglomeration in Malaysia centred on the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, along with their surrounding cities and towns in the state of Selangor. It is part of the larger Greater Kuala Lumpur metropolitan area.

The Klang Valley is geographically defined by the Titiwangsa Mountains to the east and the Strait of Malacca to the west. It stretches to Rawang in the northwest, Semenyih in the southeast and Klang and Port Klang in the southwest. The conurbation forms the core of Malaysia's industrial and commercial activity. As of 2022, the Klang Valley is home to around 9 million people, nearly one third of Malaysia's total population of 32 million.
Vallabhaneni Balashowry
Vallabhaneni Balashowry (born 18 September 1968) is an Indian politician currently serving as the Member of Parliament representing Machilipatnam parliamentary constituency. He belongs to Jana Sena Party. He previously has represented Tenali constituency as the Member of Parliament in the 14th Lok Sabha.

14th Lok Sabha
The 14th Lok Sabha (2 June 2004 – 18 May 2009) was convened after the 2004 Indian general election, held in four phases during 20 April – 10 May 2004, which led to the formation of the first Manmohan Singh ministry (2004–2009). Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 62 more seats than previous 13th Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 8 sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 14th Lok Sabha after the 2004 Indian general election.

The next 15th Lok Sabha was convened after 2009 Indian general election.
Czech Republic men's national under-19 floorball team
The Czech Republic men's under-19 national floorball team is the men's under-19 national floorball team of the Czech Republic, and a member of the International Floorball Federation. The team is composed of the best Czech floorball players under the age of 19. The current national team coach, since 2023, is Ladislav Štancl.

The team has participated in all editions of the Men's Under-19 World Floorball Championships. With two titles, in 2019 and 2021, it is the third most successful men's junior national team, behind Sweden and Finland. At the most recent tournament in 2025, they finished in second place.

International Floorball Federation
The International Floorball Federation (IFF) is the worldwide governing body for the sport of floorball.  It was founded on 12 April 1986 in Huskvarna, Sweden, by representatives from the national floorball associations of Finland, Sweden and Switzerland. It is based in Helsinki, Finland. The president of the federation is Filip Šuman.

The federation became a member of Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) in 2000. It is recognized by the IOC and has been an ordinary member of the ARISF since 2008, and of International World Games Association (IWGA) since 2013.
Birmingham Parks Police
Birmingham Parks Police was a small police force maintained by Birmingham Corporation to police the parks and open spaces of Birmingham, United Kingdom. They were first formed in 1912 and were disbanded in 1962, when they were replaced with Park Rangers.

Birmingham City Council
Birmingham City Council is the local authority for the city of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. Birmingham has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council, a type of unitary authority. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the most populous local government district in England, serving over 1.1 million people. The council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority since 2016.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012. It is based at the Council House on Victoria Square, Birmingham.

On 6 September 2023, the council declared effective bankruptcy, and central government commissioners were subsequently appointed to run the council under emergency measures.
Chicken karahi
Chicken karahi, or chicken kadahi, is a chicken dish from South Asia. It is known as gosht karahi or gosht kadahi when prepared with goat or lamb meat instead of that of chicken. The dish is prepared in a karahi (a type of wok from the Indian subcontinent) and can take between 30 and 50 minutes to prepare and cook the dish. Ginger, garlic, tomatoes, green chilli and coriander are key to the flavor of the dish. What distinguishes chicken karahi from other curries from the region is that traditionally, it is cooked without onions in the base, and instead uses just tomatoes, ginger and garlic. It is usually served with naan, roti or rice. This dish is common in North Indian and Pakistani cuisine.

Goat meat
Goat meat is the meat of the domestic goat (Capra hircus). The term 'goat meat' denotes meat of older animals, while meat from young goats is called 'kid meat'. In South Asian cuisine, goat meat is called mutton, along with sheep meat.
Libzip
libzip is an open-source library for handling zip archives. It is written in portable C and can thus be used on multiple operating systems. It is based on zlib. It is used by PHP's zip extension for zip file support and MySQL Workbench. It is also used by KDE's ark archiving tool for zip archive support.

KDE
KDE is an international free software community that develops free and open-source software. As a central development hub, it provides tools and resources that enable collaborative work on its projects. Its products include the KDE Plasma graphical shell, KDE Frameworks, and the KDE Gear range of applications including Kate, digiKam, and Krita. Many KDE applications are cross-platform and can run on Unix and Unix-like operating systems as well as Microsoft Windows. KDE is legally represented by KDE e.V. based in Germany, which also owns the KDE trademarks and funds the project.
Martha Jane King
Martha Jane King (born April 13, 1955) is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 2009 to 2017. King was first elected in 2008 after incumbent representative Sheldon Baugh retired. She was defeated for reelection by Republican Jason Petrie in 2016.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Bowie County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bowie County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Bowie County, Texas. There are one district and 17 individual properties listed on the National Register in the county. Seven individually listed properties are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks including one that is also a State Antiquities Landmark. An additional property is also part of a State Antiquities Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
Roberto Torres (politician)
Roberto Vilar Torres (29 August 1938 – 4 February 2021) was a Brazilian politician. A member of multiple political parties, he served in the Legislative Assembly of Alagoas from 1979 to 1987 and in the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil from 1987 to 1995.

Torres died on 4 February 2021, of COVID-19 in Maceió, Alagoas, at the age of 82.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
The Widow from Monte Carlo
The Widow from Monte Carlo is a 1936 American comedy film directed by Arthur Greville Collins and starring Warren William, Dolores del Río, Louise Fazenda and Colin Clive.  It was based on the play A Present from Margate by Ian Hay and A.E.W. Mason. It was shot at Warner Bros.'s Burbank Studios with sets designed by the art director Hugh Reticker.

Warner Bros. Studios Burbank
Warner Bros. Studios Burbank, formerly known as First National Studio (1926–1929), Warner Bros.-Seven Arts Studios (1967–1970) and The Burbank Studios (1972–1990), is a major filmmaking facility owned and run by Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. in Burbank, California, United States. First National Pictures built the 62-acre (25 ha) studio lot in 1926 as it expanded from a film distributor to film production.
Terje Mærli
Terje Mærli (born 24 December 1940) is a Norwegian playwright, stage director and theatre director.

He was born in Oslo to Steffen Mærli and Inga Lysew. He was stage instructor at the Oslo Nye Teater from 1970 to 1976, at Fjernsynsteatret from 1976 to 1986, and Nationaltheatret from 1987 to 1992. He was theatre director at Trøndelag Teater from 1993 to 1997. He received the Amanda Award for the television movie Du kan da ikke bare gå in 1986, and for Fugleelskerne in 1989. He was awarded the Norwegian Theatre Critics Award in 1988.

Amanda Award
The Amanda Award (Norwegian: Amandaprisen) is an award given annually at the Norwegian International Film Festival in Haugesund, Norway, to promote and improve Norwegian film. The award originated in 1985, and has since 2005 been exclusively a film award (not television). Winners are awarded a trophy by the Norwegian sculptor Kristian Kvakland, and the name—and theme—of the sculpture comes from a legendary local woman from the 1920s. The award ceremony is marked every year by a major, nationally televised event.
Kotogwanda
Kotogwanda (also spelled Koto Ngonda) is a village in eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Koun-Fao, Koun-Fao Department, Gontougo Region, Zanzan District.

Kotogwanda was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Koun-Fao Department
Koun-Fao Department is a department of Gontougo Region in Zanzan District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 167,881 and its seat is the settlement of Koun-Fao. The sub-prefectures of the department are Boahia, Kokomian, Kouassi-Datékro, Koun-Fao, Tankessé, and Tienkoikro.
1892 Rangitikei by-election
The 1892 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the Rangitikei electorate of the North Island. This was the fifth by-election since the Rangitikei electorate was established for the 1861 election. The previous by-election took place in 1880 and the following one took place in 1909. Robert Bruce, who had previously been the MP for Rangitikei between 1884 and 1890, won the by-election narrowly.

This was the last election in Rangitikei and the fifth last election overall in New Zealand in which there was no universal suffrage. The Electoral Act 1893 extended voting rights to all women aged 21 and over.

1860–1861 New Zealand general election
The 1860–1861 New Zealand general election was held between 12 December 1860 and 28 March 1861 to elect 53 MPs to the third session of the New Zealand Parliament. 13,196 electors were registered.

1860 was the year gold miners who held a Miner's Right continuously for at least three months were able to vote without having to own, lease or rent property.
Sanderson (politician)
Ubiratan Antunes Sanderson (born 1 December 1969), known mononymously as Sanderson, is a Brazilian politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2019. In 2023, he served as chairman of the public security committee.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Zelkova schneideriana
Zelkova schneideriana, the Chinese zelkova (a name it shares with other members of its genus), is a species of flowering plant in the family Ulmaceae. It is found in southeastern Tibet, and central and southern China, usually alongside streams. A fast-growing deciduous tree with attractive exfoliating bark, it can reach 35 m (115 ft) tall and have a DBH of 80 cm (31 in). Although highly resistant to honey fungus, it can still (rarely) be afflicted with Dutch elm disease.

Diameter at breast height
Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the diameter of the trunk or bole of a standing tree. DBH is one of the most common dendrometric measurements.

Tree trunks are measured at the height of an adult's breast, which is defined differently in different countries and situations. In many countries, DBH is measured at approximately 1.3 m (4.3 ft) above ground.
Magnus Pyke
Magnus Alfred Pyke OBE FRSE FRIC (29 December 1908 – 19 October 1992) was an English nutritional scientist, governmental scientific adviser, writer and presenter. He worked for the UK Ministry of Food, the post-war Allied Commission for Austria, and different food manufacturers. He wrote prolifically and became famous as a TV and radio personality, and was featured on Thomas Dolby's 1982 synth-pop hit, "She Blinded Me with Science".

Multi-Coloured Swap Shop
Multi-Coloured Swap Shop, more commonly known simply as Swap Shop, is a British children's television series that aired on BBC1 from 2 October 1976 to 27 March 1982. It was groundbreaking in many ways: by broadcasting on Saturday mornings, being live, being three hours in length, and using the phone-in format extensively for the first time on TV.

The show rivalled the growing success of rival broadcaster ITV's Tiswas, though the latter was initially only broadcast in the ATV region in the Midlands and, at the time of Multi-Coloured Swap Shop's inception, had yet to be taken up by other ITV franchises around the country.