hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Skiagraphia
Skiagraphia is a painting technique developed by Ancient Greek painter Apollodorus, used to create shadows in an image.

Skiagraphia is often described as a hatching technique used to create the illusion of forms through shading. The shading is created by the use of curved lines, either by the use of hatching or cross-hatching. Within this same approach, painters can use different colors to add shade to an area.

Archaeologist Eva Keuls, using passages from Aristotle, suggested that "skiagraphia" was a technique that utilized patches of color that blend from afar, similar to the neo-impressionist paintings of Georges Seurat, but this is disputed by Elizabeth G. Pemberton, who instead suggests that the passages from Aristotle are only in relation to shade and not color.

Detail from the vergina tomb, given as an example of skiagraphia by Britannica. The original article points to the hatched, colored lines of the drapery to create shade.

Georges Seurat
Georges Pierre Seurat (UK: /ˈsɜːrɑː, -ə/ SUR-ah, -⁠ə, US: /sʊˈrɑː/ suu-RAH; French: [ʒɔʁʒ pjɛʁ sœʁa]; 2 December 1859 – 29 March 1891) was a French post-Impressionist artist. He devised the painting techniques known as chromoluminarism and pointillism and used conté crayon for drawings on paper with a rough surface.

Seurat's artistic personality combined qualities that are usually thought of as opposed and incompatible: on the one hand, his extreme and delicate sensibility, on the other, a passion for logical abstraction and an almost mathematical precision of mind. His large-scale work A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884–1886) altered the direction of modern art by initiating Neo-Impressionism, and is one of the icons of late 19th-century painting.
Ryszard Dembiński
Rotmistrz Ryszard Dembiński (born 24 February 1924, Poznań – 29 June 2008, London) was a Polish Cavalry officer and D-Day Veteran, who, following World War II, helped to establish the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum in London, which he chaired for 25 years (1979–2004).

Rittmaster
Rittmaster (German: Rittmeister, lit. 'riding/cavalry master') is usually a commissioned officer military rank used in a few armies, usually equivalent to Captain. Historically it has been used in Germany, Austria-Hungary, Scandinavia, and some other countries.

A rittmeister is typically in charge of a squadron (a company-sized unit called a "troop" in the United States, as opposed to the U.S. cavalry squadron of larger battalion size), and is the equivalent of a Hauptmann rank (or captain in most army branches).
Judy Eason McIntyre
Judy Eason McIntyre (born May 21, 1945) is an American politician from the U.S. state of Oklahoma. A  Democrat, McIntyre served as an Oklahoma state Senator from 2004 to 2012 representing District 11, which includes Osage and Tulsa counties. She also served as State Representative from 2002 to 2004 representing District 73 where she was the first freshman appointed to the Speaker's Leadership Team. For the 16 years before her election to the Oklahoma Legislature, she was an elected board member for the Tulsa Public Schools in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

McIntyre gained some national notoriety in February 2012 at a protest rally by holding a picket sign that contained an obscenity.

Tulsa County, Oklahoma
Tulsa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 669,279, making it the second-most populous county in the state, behind only Oklahoma County. Its county seat and largest city is Tulsa, the second-largest city in the state. Founded at statehood, in 1907, it was named after the previously established city of Tulsa. Before statehood, the area was part of both the Creek Nation and the Cooweescoowee District of Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory. Tulsa County is included in the Tulsa metropolitan statistical area. Tulsa County is notable for being the most densely populated county in the state. Tulsa County also ranks as having the highest income.
Big Blue Sky (The Northern Pikes album)
Big Blue Sky is the first major label album by The Northern Pikes released in 1987.  It featured two hit Canadian singles - "Teenland" (#29) and "Things I Do for Money"(#85).

The songs "Love Will Break You" and "Heartaches Heartbreaks (Open Up)" were added to the album when it was released on CD in 1990. "Heartaches Heartbreaks (Open Up)" was the b-side to the "Teenland" single in 1987. "Love Will Break You" originally appeared on The Northern Pikes, the band's original independent release in 1984 and it was the b-side to the "Things I Do for Money" single. Additionally, the song "Dancing in a Dance Club" originally appeared on the band's 1984 independent release The Northern Pikes, while the songs "Lonely House", "You Sold the Farm", "Jackie T", and "Teenland" all appeared on the band's 1985 independent release Scene in North America.

Jay Semko
John Peter "Jay" Semko is a singer/songwriter and bassist with Canadian band, The Northern Pikes. He is also a music composer for numerous film and television productions, most notably the successful Canadian television series Due South.  Semko has been nominated for a Juno Award eight times as a member of the Northern Pikes, and also been nominated twice for a Gemini Award, and once for a Canadian Screen Award, and received two awards from the Canadian Music Publishers Association for his songwriting. His hometown is Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
East Chambers High School
East Chambers High School, also abbreviated as  ECHS, is a public high school located in Winnie, Texas (USA). It is the sole high school in the East Chambers Independent School District and is classified as a 3A school by the UIL. For the 2021-2022 school year, the school was given a "B" by the Texas Education Agency.

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
2023 Mountain Pacific Sports Federation men's volleyball tournament
The 2023 Mountain Pacific Sports Federation men's volleyball tournament was a postseason men's volleyball tournament for the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation during the 2023 NCAA Division I & II men's volleyball season. It was scheduled for April 19 through April 22, 2023 at the Maples Pavilion on the campus of Stanford University. The Venue was chosen before the season started. All games will be streamed live on FloVolleyball.

The winner received The Federation's automatic bid to the 2023 NCAA Volleyball Tournament, to be held at EagleBank Arena.

NCAA men's volleyball tournament
The NCAA men's volleyball tournament, officially titled the NCAA national collegiate men's volleyball championship, is an annual competition that determines the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship in American college men's volleyball. It had been the only NCAA championship in the sport from 1970 until 2012, when the NCAA launched a Division III championship.

Unlike most NCAA sports, men's volleyball uses a modified version of the National Collegiate championship format, which means Division I and Division II teams compete against each other in the same tournament.

In the past, schools from the Pacific Coast region have dominated this sport, in particular UCLA with coach Al Scates leading the program to 19 NCAA titles (more than any other coach).
Amos Garren
Franklin "Amos" Garren was the first bassist for Bill Monroe and his band, the Blue Grass Boys. He was the bass player on Monroe's hit recording of "Mule Skinner Blues." Though he was not in the Blue Grass Boys for a long time, his impact as a double bass player is still seen today.

Mule Skinner Blues
"Blue Yodel no. 8, Mule Skinner Blues" (a.k.a. "Muleskinner Blues", and "Muleskinner's Blues") is a classic country song written by Jimmie Rodgers. The song was first recorded by Rodgers in 1930 and has been recorded by many artists since then, acquiring the de facto title "Mule Skinner Blues" after Rodgers named it "Blue Yodel #8" (one of his Blue Yodels).

"George Vaughn", a pseudonym for songwriter George Vaughn Horton, is sometimes listed as co-author. Horton wrote the lyrics for "New Mule Skinner Blues", Bill Monroe's second recorded version of the song.

The song was discussed in the Ken Burns 2019 documentary miniseries Country Music and Jimmie Rodgers' rendition was on the soundtrack album for the series.
Corno di Faller
Corno di Faller, also known as Monte Turlo, or Fallerhorn in Walser language, is a mountain of Piedmont, Italy, with an elevation of 3,128 metres (10,262 ft).

Part of the Pennine Alps, it is located between the Valsesia, in the Province of Vercelli, and the Valle Anzasca, in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola. It lies west of Colle Turlo and south of the Bocchetta di Faller.

Pennine Alps
The Pennine Alps (French: Alpes Pennines, German: Walliser Alpen, Italian: Alpi Pennine, Latin: Alpes Poeninae), sometimes referred to as the Valais Alps (which are just the Northern Swiss part of the Pennine Alps), are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps. They are located in Italy (the Aosta Valley and Piedmont) and Switzerland (Valais).

The Pennine Alps are amongst the three highest major subranges of the Alps, together with the Bernese Alps and the Graian Alps that include the Mont Blanc massif.
Katranlık, Hassa
Katranlık is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Hassa, Hatay Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 619 in 2022.

In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement inhabited by Turks.

Hassa, Hatay
Hassa is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 520 km2, and its population is 56,675 (2022). It is on the eastern side of the Nur (Amanos) Mountains, looking towards the city of Gaziantep. It is on the Antakya-Malatya road. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Hassa was part of the Adana Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. Its population was predominantly Turkoman. Hassa was a district in Cebel-i Bereket Province from 1923 to 1933 and then a part of Gaziantep Province until 1939.

Hassa is an olive-growing district. The olive trees were first brought there by Ottoman governor Derviş Paşa in the late 19th century. Hassa was heavily damaged by powerful earthquakes in February 2023 and subsequent aftershocks. The same year it recorded the hottest temperature so far in Turkey as of 2023 at 50 °C (122 °F)
Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Mauleon
Juan Vélaz de Medrano y Mauleon y Navarra (b. 16th century, Igúzquiza) was a baron, lord, nobleman and knight from the House of Medrano. Juan was the owner of the Palace of Vélaz de Medrano and the hereditary baron and lord of Igúzquiza, Agos, Aguinano, Orendain, Zabala, Arroniz, and 5th lord of Learza during the reign of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Juan Vélaz de Medrano was a descendant of Kings Henry I of Navarre from the House of Blois; Charles II of Navarre from the House of Évreux; and King Philip III of Navarre and Joan II, Queen of Navarre, from the House of Capet (the most senior line of the royal Capetian dynasty).

House of Blois
The House of Blois (French: [blwa]) was a noble family that arose in the Kingdom of West Francia in the early 10th century, and whose prominent members were often named Theobald (Thibaud, Thibault, Thibaut in French).
Park Jae-beom
Park Jae-beom (Korean: 박재범) is a South Korean screenwriter. He began his writing career in 2000 with the film Theater, followed by writing for two KBS one-act dramas in 2002 and 2003. In 2010, he made his official television debut with OCN's crime series Quiz of God. In 2013, he wrote the script for KBS2's medical drama Good Doctor, which later received an US adaptation as The Good Doctor. Park is widely recognized for his self-proclaimed "Justice Trilogy", which includes the acclaimed dramas Good Manager (2017), The Fiery Priest (2019), and Vincenzo (2021).

Blood (South Korean TV series)
Blood (Korean: 블러드) is a 2015 South Korean television series starring Ahn Jae-hyun, Ji Jin-hee, Koo Hye-sun, and Son Soo-hyun. It aired on KBS2 from February 16 to April 21, 2015 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 for 20 episodes.
Messelasturidae
Messelasturidae is an extinct family of birds known from the Eocene of North America and Europe. Their morphology is a mosaic that in some aspects are very similar to modern hawks and falcons, but in others are more similar to parrots. Initially interpreted as stem-owls, more recent studies have suggested a closer relationship to parrots and passerines. Their ecology is enigmatic.

Mosaic evolution
Mosaic evolution (or modular evolution) is the concept, mainly from palaeontology, that evolutionary change takes place in some body parts or systems without simultaneous changes in other parts. Another definition is the "evolution of characters at various rates both within and between species".408 Its place in evolutionary theory comes under long-term trends or macroevolution.
Second Nature (Netsky album)
Second Nature is the fourth studio album by Belgian producer Netsky, released through Hospital Records on 30 October 2020. The album marks Netsky's return to Hospital Records, and includes collaborations with Becky Hill, Rudimental and Sub Focus. Second Nature debuted in the top 10 of the Flemish albums chart, and also reached the top 20 in New Zealand.

Becky Hill
Rebecca Claire Hill (born 14 February 1994) is an English singer and songwriter. She rose to fame after appearing on the first series of The Voice UK, auditioning with John Legend's "Ordinary People". She joined Jessie J's team and reached the semi-final of the competition.

In June 2014, she became the first (and only thus far) The Voice UK contestant to score a UK number one single when the song "Gecko (Overdrive)" with Oliver Heldens topped the UK Singles Chart. In 2022, she received two Brit Awards nominations, including British Song of the Year for "Remember" with David Guetta, and Best Dance Act, which she won two years in a row in 2022 and 2023.
Meat inspection
Meat inspection is a crucial part of food safety measures and encompasses all measures directed towards the prevention of raw and processed meat spoilage. It was first recorded in the Mosaic law of the Hewbrew Bible.

In the United States, Federal enforcemnt of meat inspection began in 1891, and where subsecuently inproved by Federal Meat Inspection Act (1906) and Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)—both partly a response to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle—then later Wholesome Meat Act (1967), and the Wholesome Poultry Products Act (1968).

Scientific counsel is provided by institutions like the American Meat Science Association and similar.

Meat spoilage
The spoilage of meat occurs, if the meat is untreated, in a matter of hours or days and results in the meat becoming unappetizing, poisonous, or infectious. Spoilage is caused by the practically unavoidable infection and subsequent decomposition of meat by bacteria and fungi, which are borne by the animal itself, by the people handling the meat, and by their implements. Meat can be kept edible for a much longer time – though not indefinitely – if proper hygiene is observed during production and processing, and if appropriate food safety, food preservation and food storage procedures are applied.
2015 FIA WTCC Race of Argentina
The 2015 FIA WTCC Race of Argentina was the opening round of the 2015 World Touring Car Championship season and the third running of the FIA WTCC Race of Argentina. It was held on 8 March 2015 at the Autódromo Termas de Río Hondo in Termas de Río Hondo, Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina.

Both races were won by Citroën Total WTCC with race one won by José María López and race two won by Sébastien Loeb.

Autódromo Termas de Río Hondo
Autódromo Termas de Río Hondo is a 4.805 km (2.986 mi) motorsport circuit located in Termas de Río Hondo, Argentina. The circuit was opened in 2008 and underwent a complete overhaul and rebuild process in 2012, based on design by the Italian circuit designer Jarno Zaffelli.
Deep Purple European Tour
The Deep Purple European Tour was a year-long concert tour by English hard rock band Deep Purple, lasting from July 1969 until June 1970. The band played mostly United Kingdom shows, also covering West Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, the Netherlands and Belgium. It was the first tour to feature the classic Deep Purple line-up: Ian Gillan, Roger Glover, Ritchie Blackmore, Jon Lord and Ian Paice. It is considered to be the pre-tour for the In Rock album, as the band mostly played songs from the upcoming album.

Child in Time
"Child in Time" is a song by English rock band Deep Purple, released on their fourth studio album, Deep Purple in Rock in 1970. It is the longest track on the album, running over ten minutes. The song's lyrics are loosely inspired by the Cold War. The song is notable for showcasing singer Ian Gillan's full vocal range, and the instrumental interplay section between guitarist Ritchie Blackmore and organist Jon Lord.
The Fantastic Golem Affairs
The Fantastic Golem Affairs (Spanish: El fantástico caso del Golem) is a 2023 Spanish absurdist science fiction comedy film written and directed by Burnin' Percebes (Fernando Martínez and Juan González) which stars Brays Efe. It also features Bruna Cusí, Luis Tosar, Anna Castillo, Javier Botet, Tito Valverde, Roger Coma, Nao Albet, and Roberto Álamo.

The plot follows Juan (Efe), a guy trying to unravel the mystery behind his best friend being shattered into pieces as if he were made of porcelain after falling from a roof.

The film world premiered at the 26th Málaga Film Festival on 15 March 2023 ahead of its Spanish theatrical release on 16 June 2023.

Javier Botet
Javier Botet López (born 30 July 1977) is a Spanish actor. Often cast in creature roles, he portrayed Tristana Medeiros in the REC franchise (2007–2009), the title character in Mama (2013), Set in The Mummy (2017), Slender Man in the 2018 film of the same name, and Dracula in The Last Voyage of the Demeter (2023). His appearances in horror films also include Crimson Peak (2015), The Conjuring 2 (2016), It (2017) and its 2019 sequel, Insidious: The Last Key (2018), and Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark (2019).
SS West Mahomet
SS West Mahomet was a steel–hulled cargo ship which saw service as an auxiliary with the U.S. Navy in 1918–19.

West Mahomet was built as part of the United States Shipping Board's World War I emergency wartime shipbuilding program. Completed just too late to see service in the war, the ship was nevertheless commissioned into the Navy as USS West Mahomet (ID-3681), but saw only a handful of voyages on the Navy's behalf—including a postwar famine relief mission to Romania—before being decommissioned in June 1919.

The ship was subsequently placed into merchant service as SS West Mahomet, but with the onset of the Great Depression, she was laid up like many other ships of the period for lack of work. The vessel was scrapped at Rosyth, Scotland in 1938.

Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to: war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Southeast and South Asia, as well as Eastern and Central Europe, suffered the greatest number of fatalities due to famine. Deaths caused by famine declined sharply beginning in the 1970s, with numbers falling further since 2000. Since 2010, Africa has been the most affected continent in the world by famine. As of 2025,  Haiti and Afghanistan are the two countries with the most catastrophic and widespread states of famine, followed by Sudan.
Sahel Academy
Sahel Academy is a Christian international school in Niamey, Niger. It was established by SIM in 1987.

It educates the children of missionaries and the English-speaking people of Niamey. During the 2013–2014 school year, Sahel Academy had 200 students in grades K-12, representing 14 countries, and a staff of 40 from four nations. The school offers an English-speaking international curriculum, consisting of IGCSE (from Cambridge) for grades 9–10. Sahel Academy has been accredited by the ACSI and MSS-CESS.

Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
The Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools (also referred to as the Middle States Association or MSA) is an accreditor in the United States. Historically, it has accredited schools in the Mid-Atlantic states region of the Northeastern United States. The peer-based, Philadelphia-based non-profit association was founded in 1887. It is a voluntary organization that performs peer evaluation and regional accreditation of public and private schools (including parochial / religious-owned and independent secular schools).

The association has two commissions, the Middle States Commission on Elementary Schools (MSCES) and Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools (MSCSS). A higher education commission, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE), operates completely independently of the other two commissions. MSCSS also accredits some institutions that offer postsecondary education but only those that do not confer academic degrees or offer technical programs.
Kapurthala State
Kapurthala State was a kingdom and later princely state of the Punjab Province of British India. Ruled by Ahluwalia Sikh rulers, spread across 510 square miles (1,300 km2). According to the 1901 census the state had a population of 314,341 and contained two towns and 167 villages. In 1930, Kapurthala became part of the Punjab States Agency and acceded to the Union of India in 1947.

In colonial India, Kapurthala State was known for its communal harmony, with its Sikh ruler Jagatjit Singh building the Moorish Mosque for his Muslim subjects. At the time of the Indian independence movement, the ruler of the Kapurthala State opposed the partition of India and advocated for a united, secular country.

Bhag Singh Ahluwalia
Bhag Singh Ahluwalia (or Bagh Singh Ahluwalia), was the chief of the Ahluwalia Misl from 1783 to 1801. He succeeded Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, following a disputed succession against Jassa Singh’s sons-in-law. Before his rule, he was a close associate and administrator under Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. He is noted for his military campaigns against the Nakkai, Bhangi, and Ramgarhia misls, as well as his alliance with Jai Singh Kanhaiya and Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra.