hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viennese nougat
Viennese nougat (German: Wiener Nougat) is a kind of confectionery. Named for its association with Vienna, Viennese nougat is a softer form of the brown Central and Northern European kind of nougat. It is generally made from sugar, cocoa, and almond without the whipped egg white common in Western European nougat.

Aeration
Aeration (also called aerification or aeriation) is the process by which air is circulated through, mixed with or dissolved in a liquid or other substances that act as a fluid (such as soil). Aeration processes create additional surface area in the mixture, allowing greater chemical or suspension reactions.
2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 3 – Women's 500 metres
The women's 500 metres races of the 2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 3, arranged in Eisstadion Inzell, in Inzell, Germany, were held on 4 and 6 December 2015.

Lee Sang-hwa of South Korea won race one, while Americans Brittany Bowe and Heather Richardson-Bergsma came second and third. Janine Smit of the Netherlands won the first Division B race.

Lee also won race two, with Richardson in second place, and Heather McLean of Canada in third. Kim Hyun-yung of South Korea won the second Division B race.

Lee Sang-hwa
Lee Sang-hwa (Korean: 이상화; Hanja: 李相花, Korean pronunciation: [i.saŋ.ɦwa]; born 25 February 1989) is a South Korean retired speed skater who specialises in the sprint distances. She is a two-time Olympic champion in 500 metres (2010 and 2014) and the 2010 World Sprint champion. She was the world record holder in women's 500 metres with the time of 36.36 seconds set in Salt Lake City on 16 November 2013, and held the South Korean record on 1000 metres from March 2009 until January 2024.

She has also won three World Championships medals in 500 metres, and has placed in the top three in World Cup events four times in this distance. Her first World Cup victory, however, came on the non-Olympic distance 100 metres. On the 1000 metres, however, she has never placed higher than fifth in international events (2010 World Sprint Championships, first 1000 metres).
Bedding (animals)
Bedding, in ethology and animal husbandry, is material, usually organic, used by animals to support their bodies when resting or otherwise stationary. It reduces pressure on skin, heat loss, and contamination by waste produced by an animal or those it shares living space with.

Ethology
Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig. The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of the Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and the Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, the three winners of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Ethology combines laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Tupou Tongapoʻuli Aleamotuʻa
Brigadier General Tupou Tongapoʻuli Aleamotuʻa (born 1966), also known as Lord Fielakepa, is a Tongan soldier and noble. He has served as Chief of Staff of His Majesty's Armed Forces since 21 December 2014. From April 2021 to May 2022 he served as Acting Commissioner for the Tongan Police.

tion of Hunga Tonga Hunga Haapai and follow on tsunami. This crisis was later followed by the covid19 hitting Tonga in 2022.

On 1 August 2024, Lord Fielakepa was appointed an Honorary Officer of the Order of Australia for distinguished leadership of His Majesty's Armed Forces of Tonga and fostering its relationship with the Australian Defence Force.

His Majesty's Armed Forces (Tonga)
His Majesty's Armed Forces (HMAF) is the military of Tonga. It is composed of three operational components and two support elements (logistics and training ).

The mission of HMAF is to: "Defend the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Tonga".

The HMAF is partially supported by defence co-operation agreements with Australia, the United States, China, India, New Zealand and Fiji. The co-operation aims at capacity development through training of HMAF personnel in leadership, academic and trades while support for infrastructure development is another part of the security co-operation.

Since 2001, members of HMAF have supported the coalition of the willing in Operation Iraqi Freedom, the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan, and the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands.
Ter Heijde
Ter Heijde is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Westland, and lies about 6 km southwest of The Hague.

The area "Ter Heijde", which also includes the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 690, mostly elderly people. Ter Heijde is a popular beach-resort. It has a lifeboat station of the KNRM, the Dutch equivalent of the  Royal National Lifeboat Institution.

Ter Heijde is known for the Battle of Ter Heijde (also known as The Battle of Scheveningen). This was the final battle, in 1653, of the First Anglo-Dutch War, which saw the death of Admiral Maarten Tromp. In remembrance of the battle there is a monument in the village. In 2003, 350 years after the battle, the Tromp-festival was held.

In 1677 Prince William of Orange and his recently married wife Mary (the future King William III and Queen Mary II of England) were forced to land at Ter Heijde, Rotterdam being ice bound.

First Anglo-Dutch War
The First Anglo-Dutch War, or First Dutch War, was a naval conflict between the Commonwealth of England and the Dutch Republic. Largely caused by disputes over trade, it began with English attacks on Dutch merchant shipping, but expanded to vast fleet actions. Despite a series of victories in 1652 and 1653, the Commonwealth was unable to blockade Dutch trade, although English privateers inflicted serious losses on Dutch merchant shipping.

The economic damage eventually led to the Treaty of Westminster in 1654 where the Dutch were forced to make minor concessions to the Commonwealth. Both sides agreed to the exclusion of the House of Orange from the office of Stadtholder, but failed to resolve underlying commercial issues. In 1665, Dutch objections to the Navigation Acts and English concerns over their rival's trading practices led to the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
A. Landi General Merchandise Building
The A. Landi General Merchandise Building is a historic commercial building on Arkansas Highway 8 near Eudora, Arkansas in the village of Grand Lake.  Built c. 1920, it is a single story wood-frame building with Plain Traditional styling, including a central section on its main facade with a raised parapet section over the centered entrance.  The building is significant for its association with the Landi family, one of a small number of Italian immigrants to remain in the area after the plantation economy collapsed.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Arkansas Highway 8
Arkansas Highway 8 (AR 8) is a designation for four state highways in lower Arkansas. One segment runs from the Oklahoma state line east to US 59/US 71 in Mena. A second segment runs from US 59/US 71 in Mena east to US 63 in Warren. A third segment runs from US 63 at Carmel east to US 65 in Eudora. A fourth segment runs from US 65 south of Eudora to US 65 at Arkla.
2019 Pakistan Cup
The 2019 Pakistan Cup was the fourth edition of the Pakistan Cup, a List A cricket competition which was contested by five teams. It was held from 2 to 12 April 2019, with all the matches played at the Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium. The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) stated that the top performers in the tournament would be considered for the 2019 Cricket World Cup in England.

Federal Areas, the defending champions, were eliminated from the competition after losing their first three matches of the tournament. On 9 April 2019, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa beat Sindh by nine runs to advance to the final of the tournament. The result meant that Baluchistan also progressed to the final, regardless of the outcome of their last match against Federal Areas. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa won the tournament, and their second title, after beating Balochistan by nine runs in the final.

Federal Areas cricket team
Federal Areas was a first-class cricket team in Pakistan based in the capital, Islamabad. Between 2008 and 2012 they played 16 first-class matches in four seasons of the Pentangular Cup. Their home ground was the Diamond Club Ground in Islamabad.
UK Adult Film and Television Awards
The UK Adult Film and Television Awards (UKAFTAs) were a short-lived annual awards ceremony for the adult industry in the United Kingdom, which ran for two years from 2006 to 2008. Redzone Pictures and adult video producer Phil Black organised the awards in an attempt to promote the adult film industry in the UK.

The inaugural awards show was held on 17 November 2006 at the Hammersmith Palais, London and was hosted by adult film performer and director Ben Dover. There were around thirty award categories, honouring performance, production, and technical achievements in film, television, and the Internet. Notable award nominees included the TV series The Secret Diary of a Call Girl, starring Billie Piper, which was nominated for "Best Soft Core Production" at the 29 November 2007 Awards.

The 2008 awards were the last to be held, with one commentator, in 2013, attributing the award's demise to insufficient financial backing or bad planning and promotion.

Hammersmith Palais
The Hammersmith Palais de Danse, in its last years simply named Hammersmith Palais, was a dance hall and entertainment venue in Hammersmith, London, England that operated from 1919 until 2007. It was the first palais de danse to be built in Britain. In 2009, it was named by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of twelve venues which had made the most important contributions to jazz music in the United Kingdom.

The Palais occupied a large site on the A219 at 242 Shepherd's Bush Road, London W6, near the circular system under the A4 Hammersmith flyover. The area has two London Underground stations, a bus station, and the road network at Hammersmith Broadway.
Virve Holtsmeier
Virve Holtsmeier (since 1985 Liiri; born 2 November 1944 in Suure-Jaani) is an Estonian archer.

In 1968 she graduated from Tallinn Polytechnical Institute's Department of Chemistry.

From 1969 to 1975 she was a member of Soviet Union team.

In 1971 she won silver and in 1975 gold medal at World Arching Championships.

From 1969 to 1976 she became the 13-time Estonian champion in different arching disciplines.

In 1975 she was named as Estonian Athlete of the Year.

Tallinn University of Technology
Established in 1918, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech; Estonian: Tallinna Tehnikaülikool) is the only technical university in Estonia. TalTech, in the capital city of Tallinn, is a university for engineering, business, public administration and maritime affairs. TalTech has colleges in Tartu and Kohtla-Järve. Despite the similar names, Tallinn University and Tallinn University of Technology are separate institutions.
Édouard Rinfret
Édouard-Gabriel Rinfret, PC, OC (May 12, 1905 – January 11, 1994) was a Canadian lawyer, politician and judge.

Born in Saint-Jérôme, Quebec, the son of Thibaudeau Rinfret, he was called to the Quebec bar in 1928. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1945 for the Quebec riding of Outremont. He was re-elected in 1949. A Liberal, he was Postmaster General from 1949 to 1952.

From 1952 to 1977, he was a judge of the Quebec Court of Appeal. From 1977 to 1980, he was the  Chief Justice of the Province of Quebec.

In 1982, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 1979, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of British Columbia.

There are Édouard Rinfret fonds at Library and Archives Canada and Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec.

King's Privy Council for Canada
The King's Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada), sometimes called His Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal advisors to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs. Practically, the tenets of responsible government require the sovereign or his viceroy, the governor general, almost always to follow only that advice tendered by the Cabinet: a committee within the Privy Council composed usually of elected members of Parliament. Those summoned to the Privy Council are appointed for life by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The group is composed predominantly of former Cabinet ministers, with some others having been inducted as an honorary gesture. Privy counsellors are accorded the use of an honorific style and post-nominal letters, as well as various signifiers of precedence.
2021–22 I-League
The 2021–22 I-League (also known as Hero I-League for sponsorship reasons) was the 15th season of I-League, last as the top tier of Indian football league system, since its establishment in 2007. All the matches were hosted in a bio-secure bubble in West Bengal due to COVID-19 pandemic in India.

After the commencement of the first match-week of the league on 27 December 2021, the tournament got suspended on 29 December due to reports of numerous COVID-19 cases among the players and staff. All India Football Federation released new dates on 1 February 2022, with a revised schedule of the league resuming from 3 March.

The AIFF allowed spectators in the second phase of the league. On final matchday, with only a draw needed, Gokulam Kerala defeated Mohammedan by 2–1 to successfully defend the title, becoming the first team to do so in I-League and first time in 14 years to do so in the Indian football league's history.

Bio-secure bubble
A bio-secure bubble, also known as a bubble, or hub city, is a hosting arrangement for sporting events, under which events were held at a centralized site, often behind closed doors, with strict quarantine and safety protocols in order to prevent the spread of illness. A bubble was established for a single sports season, tournament, or for an ongoing series of events, allowing them to still be held and made available to broadcast audiences.
Paulo Lowndes Marques
Paulo Henrique Lowndes Marques (21 August 1941-1 January 2011) was a Portuguese politician, lawyer, author, historian and conservationist. He was a founder member of the CDS – People's Party and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in Portugal. With a Portuguese father and a British mother, he was an active promoter of Anglo-Portuguese relations.

St. Julian's School
St. Julian's School is a British international school, in Carcavelos, Cascais Municipality, on the Portuguese Riviera, in the Greater Lisbon region. It is housed at Quinta de Santo António, a historic Pombaline quinta (estate) near Carcavelos Beach.
Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom
This article lists the Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom to provide insight into the politics of the United Kingdom. It contains details including which party the leader belongs to, the leader's seat, and which form of leadership that person holds.

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
Brevinema andersonii
Brevinema andersonii (Brev. i. ne' ma. L. adj. brevis, short; Gr. n. nema, thread; N.L. neut. n. Brevinema, a short thread.) (an.derso'ni.i. N.L. gen. n. andersonii, of Anderson), named for John F. Anderson, who first described the organism. This organism is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, helical shaped, chemoorganotrophic organism from the genus Brevinema. Brevinema andersonii is host associated, strains have been isolated from blood and other tissues of short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda) and white-footed mice (Peromyscus Zeucopus) and are infectious for laboratory mice and Syrian hamsters.B. andersonii is readily identified by restriction enzyme analysis, and SDS-PAGE, or fatty acid composition data. Another identifier for B. andersonii is the sheathed periplasmic flagella in the 1-2-1 configuration. While cells are visible by dark-field or phase-contrast microscopy, they cannot be seen when bright-field microscopy is used.

Dark-field microscopy
Dark-field microscopy, also called dark-ground microscopy, describes microscopy methods, in both light and electron microscopy, which exclude the unscattered beam from the image. Consequently, the field around the specimen (i.e., where there is no specimen to scatter the beam) is generally dark.

In optical microscopes a darkfield condenser lens must be used, which directs a cone of light away from the objective lens. To maximize the scattered light-gathering power of the objective lens, oil immersion is used and the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens must be less than 1.0. Objective lenses with a higher NA can be used but only if they have an adjustable diaphragm, which reduces the NA. Often these objective lenses have a NA that is variable from 0.7 to 1.25.
Ivan Urumov
Ivan Kirov Urumov (Bulgarian: Иван Киров Урумов, sometimes transliterated as Ivan Kiroff Urumoff; 5 May 1856 – 9 October 1937) was a Bulgarian botanist, naturalist, teacher and a member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (abbreviated BAS; Bulgarian: Българска академия на науките, romanized: Bŭlgarska akademiya na naukite, abbreviated БАН) is the National Academy of Bulgaria, established in 1869.

The Academy, with headquarters in Sofia, is autonomous and consists of a Society of Academicians, Correspondent Members and Foreign Members. It publishes and circulates different scientific works, encyclopaedias, dictionaries and journals, and runs its own publishing house.

The activities are distributed in three main branches: Natural, mathematical and engineering sciences; Biological, medical and agrarian sciences and Social sciences, humanities and art. They are structured in 42 independent scientific institutes, and a dozen of laboratories and other sections.

Julian Revalski has been the president of the BAS since 2016. As of 2022, its budget was 119,860 million leva (€61.28 million).
Kyrksten
Kyrksten is a locality situated in Storfors Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden with 263 inhabitants in 2020. The settlement is located south of Alkvettern Manor, southeast of the municipal seat Storfors and 13 km (8 mi) northwest of Karlskoga.

Storfors Municipality
Storfors Municipality (Swedish: Storfors kommun) is a municipality in Värmland County in west central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Storfors, which has approximately 2,500 inhabitants.

The first local government unit named Storfors was created in 1950 when a market town (köping) by that name was detached from Kroppa. (The rest of Kroppa is since 1971 in Filipstad Municipality.) In 1967 Ullvättern was amalgamated with Storfors, making up the present municipal territory.

Storfors is one of Sweden's least populated municipalities. The nearest city is Karlstad, approximately 50 kilometers to the west.

Several small lakes and streams offer fishing opportunities. The countryside is also suitable for other outdoor activities, including walking and hiking.
Ghana Society for the Blind
The Ghana Society for the Blind is the official body that advocates for the improvement of life for the blind in Ghana. The federation is headed by Yaw Ofori Debrah. In April 2010, the Ghana Society for the Blind merged with the Ghana Association of the Blind, and the Ghana Blind Union was formed.

Yaw Ofori Debrah
Yaw Ofori Debrah (or Yaw Ofori Debra) is a Ghanaian disability rights activist and chairman of the National Council for Persons with Disabilities. He was formerly the president of the Ghana Federation of Disability Organizations, the umbrella body that advocates for the various disability groups in Ghana.  Prior to that, he was president of the Ghana Blind Union and vice president of the African Union of the Blind. In 2018, the United States Embassy in Ghana awarded Debra the Martin Luther King, Jr. Award for Peace and Social Justice for his activism and work focused on people with disabilities and disability rights.
Into The Fight 2021
Into The Fight 2021 was a professional wrestling event promoted by DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT). It took place on February 28, 2021, in Tokyo, Japan, at Korakuen Hall. The event aired live on Fighting TV Samurai and on DDT's streaming service Wrestle Universe.

Professional wrestling throws
Professional wrestling throws are the application of professional wrestling techniques that involve lifting the opponent up and throwing or slamming them down. They are sometimes also called "power" maneuvers, as they are meant to emphasize a wrestler's strength. Many of these moves are used as finishers by various wrestlers, who refer to them by several different names that reflect their gimmick. Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.
MWorks
MWorks is an engineering simulation and numeric computing software developed by Suzhou Tongyuan Software & Control Technology Co., Ltd. It provides an interactive programming environment supporting co-simulation of engineering models from different domains.

The software consists of the numerical computing environment MWorks.Syslab, the system modeling and simulation environment MWorks.Sysplorer, the collaborative system modeling and model data management environment MWorks.Syslink, and the computational simulation cloud platform MoHub.

MWorks supports graphical drag-and-drop development and creation of user interfaces, and offers C/C++ and Python APIs as well as interoperability with other simulation software such as Simulink.

Interoperability
Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system to work with other products or systems. While the term was initially defined for information technology or systems engineering services to allow for information exchange, a broader definition takes into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system-to-system performance.

Types of interoperability include syntactic interoperability, where two systems can communicate with each other, and cross-domain interoperability, where multiple organizations work together and exchange information.