hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2011 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2011. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.

Janko Tipsarević
Janko Tipsarević (Serbian Cyrillic: Ћацко Типсаревић, pronounced [jâːŋko tipsǎːreʋitɕ]; born 22 June 1984) is a Serbian tennis coach and former professional player. He is also a politician, serving as a member of the City Assembly of Belgrade since 21 June 2024. He is also a member of the populist Serbian Progressive Party (SNS).

In tennis, his career-high singles ranking is world No. 8, achieved on 2 April 2012. In his career, he  won 4 ATP World Tour titles, one ATP doubles title, three Futures, and 15 Challenger titles. Tipsarević also won the 2001 Australian Open junior title. He holds notable victories over former world No. 1 players Carlos Moyá, Marat Safin, Lleyton Hewitt, Juan Carlos Ferrero, Andy Roddick, his compatriot Novak Djokovic, and Andy Murray. His best results at a Grand Slam tournament were reaching the quarterfinals at the US Open in 2011 and 2012.
Hispania (journal)
Hispania is a peer-reviewed academic journal and the official journal of the American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese. It is published quarterly by the AATSP and covers Spanish and Portuguese literature, linguistics, and pedagogy. Hispania publishes in literature, linguistics, and pedagogy having to do with Portuguese- and Spanish-speaking communities, as well as book/media reviews, which are subdivided into Pan-Hispanic/Luso-Brazilian Literary and Cultural Studies, linguistics, language, media, and fiction and film.

Portuguese Brazilians
Portuguese Brazilians (Portuguese: luso-brasileiros) are Brazilian citizens whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in Portugal. Most of the Portuguese who arrived throughout the centuries in Brazil sought economic opportunities. Although present since the onset of the colonization, Portuguese people began migrating to Brazil in larger numbers and without state support in the 18th century.
Starstruck (comics)
Starstruck is an American science fiction comic book series. It is based on the off-Broadway stage play of the same name written by Elaine Lee, with contributions from Susan Norfleet Lee and Dale Place. An audio drama has also appeared.

The Comics Journal
The Comics Journal, often abbreviated TCJ, is an American magazine of news and criticism pertaining to comic books, comic strips and graphic novels. Known for its lengthy interviews with comic creators, pointed editorials and scathing reviews of the products of the mainstream comics industry, the magazine promotes the view that comics are a fine art, meriting broader cultural respect, and thus should be evaluated with higher critical standards.
Haslingden
Haslingden /ˈhæzlɪŋdən/ is a town in Rossendale, Lancashire, England. It is 16 miles (26 km) north of Manchester. The name means 'valley of the hazels' or 'valley growing with hazels'. At the time of the 2011 census the town (including Helmshore) had a population of 15,969. The town is surrounded by high moorland; 370 m (1215 ft) to the north; 396 m (1300 ft) Cribden to the east; 418 m (1372 ft) Bull Hill to the south.

Haslingden is the birthplace of the industrialist John Cockerill (1790–1840) and the composer Alan Rawsthorne (1905–1971), and 
was the home for many years of the Irish Republican leader, Michael Davitt (1846–1906). Haslingden Cricket Club is a member of the Lancashire League.

Lancashire League (cricket)
The Lancashire League is a competitive league of local cricket clubs drawn from the small to middle-sized mill towns, mainly but not exclusively, of East Lancashire. Its real importance is probably due to its history of employing professional players of international standing to play in the League. After declining earlier opportunities to have this status, the league became an ECB Premier League from the 2023 season.
Barettin
Barettin is a brominated alkaloid made of a dehydrogenated brominated derivative of tryptophan linked by two peptide bonds to an arginine residue, forming a 2,5-diketopiperazine nucleus. It is a cyclic dipeptide and a cyclized tryptamine. The compound occurs naturally in certain sea sponges and is known to interact with certain serotonin receptors.

Peptide bond
In organic chemistry, a peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another, along a peptide or protein chain.

It can also be called a eupeptide bond to distinguish it from an isopeptide bond, which is another type of amide bond between two amino acids.
Deaths in May 1996
The following is a list of notable deaths in May 1996.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics was represented by 15 events: 7 for women and 8 for men. All events were held between 19 and 24 July in the Messuhalli building in Helsinki. Men's events were held in Exhibition Hall I while women's events were contested in the smaller Exhibition Hall II.
Norman Joseph Favaloro
Norman Joseph Favaloro (15 August 1905 – 25 October 1989) was an Australian lawyer and amateur ornithologist and zoologist.  Norman was born in Bendigo. He practiced law in Mildura, Victoria where he lived most of his life.  In 1940 he was appointed an Honorary Associate in the Ornithology Department of the National Museum of Victoria, an association he retained the rest of his life.  He made three trips to the subantarctic, visiting Macquarie Island, Heard Island and Kerguelen Island.  At Macquarie Island he collected king penguins and their eggs for the National Museum of Victoria.  His own notable egg collection was also bequeathed to the Museum.

He joined the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU) in 1923 at the age of eighteen, and served the organisation as President 1952–1954, and Treasurer 1965–1968.

Subantarctic
The sub-Antarctic zone is a physiographic region in the Southern Hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46° and 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence. Subantarctic glaciers are, by definition, located on islands within the subantarctic region. All glaciers located on the continent of Antarctica are by definition considered to be Antarctic glaciers.
Jean-Rabel massacre
The Jean-Rabel massacre took place in Haiti on 23 July 1987, near the town of Jean-Rabel. At least 139 people were killed (one of the self-proclaimed assassins claimed 1042). It was carried out by "paramilitary groups led by macoutes and acting upon the alleged orders from a local land oligarch, Rémy Lucas".

Several days earlier Henri Namphy had visited the area and "publicly supported the Lucas family and their rights to the land they claimed". Many of the dead were members of the Tet Ansamn land reform group.

Arrest warrants were finally issued on 13 September 1995, and in January and February 1999, Rémy Lucas, Léonard Lucas and Jean-Michel Richardson were detained for a short period.

Tonton Macoute
The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout [tɔ̃tɔ̃ makut]) or simply the Macoute, was a Haitian paramilitary and secret police force created in 1959 by dictator François "Papa Doc" Duvalier. Haitians named this force after the Haitian mythological bogeyman, Tonton Macoute ("Uncle Gunnysack"), who kidnaps and punishes unruly children by snaring them in a gunny sack (macoute) before carrying them off to be consumed for breakfast. The Macoute were known for their brutality, state terrorism, and assassinations. In 1970, the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale (VSN, English: National Security Volunteers). Though formally disbanded in 1986, its members continued to terrorize the country.
West Kingston, Jamaica
West Kingston is an area of Kingston, Jamaica, that includes the communities of Tivoli Gardens and Denham Town. It is known for violence, gangs, and reggae musicians who have emerged from the area.

Violent clashes with police have taken place here, especially in the Tivoli Gardens, including the 2010 Kingston unrest, known locally as the "Tivoli Incursion". CVM Television aired a documentary on this conflict with the military and police that took place in Tivoli Gardens.

CVM Television
CVM Television Limited (CVM TV) is a television station in Kingston, Jamaica owned by VertiCast Media Group. The station's name is an acronym for the three original major shareholders granted the television license in 1991: Community Television Systems Limited, Videomax Limited, and Mediamix Limited.

CVM is known for broadcasting newscasts and Caribbean lifestyle & entertainment shows, as well as overseas movie and TV productions. CVM News has been one of the station's long-running programmes.
Æon Flux
Æon Flux (/ˌiːɒn ˈflʌks/) is an American adult animated avant-garde science-fiction adventure television series that aired on MTV from November 30, 1991 until October 10, 1995. It premiered on MTV's Liquid Television experimental animation show as a six-part serial, followed in 1992 by five individual short episodes. In 1995, a season of ten half-hour episodes aired as a stand-alone series. Æon Flux was created by American animator Peter Chung. Each episode's plot has elements of social science fiction, biopunk, dystopian fiction, spy fiction, psychological drama, postmodern and psychedelic imagery, and Gnostic symbolism.

The live-action movie  Æon Flux, loosely based upon the series and starring Charlize Theron, was released in theaters on December 2, 2005, preceded in November of that year by a tie-in video game of the same name – based mostly on the movie but containing some elements of the original television series.

Biopunk
Biopunk (a portmanteau of "biotechnology" or "biology" and "punk") is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on biotechnology. It is derived from cyberpunk, but focuses on the implications of biotechnology rather than mechanical cyberware and information technology. Biopunk is concerned with synthetic biology. It is derived from cyberpunk and often involves bio-hackers, biotech megacorporations, and oppressive organizations that engineer DNA. Most often keeping with the dark atmosphere of cyberpunk, biopunk generally examines risks and downsides of genetic engineering and illustrates potential perils of biotechnologies.
Folly Farm, Somerset
Folly Farm is a traditionally managed working farm and nature reserve run by the Avon Wildlife Trust. It is located between Stowey, Clutton and Stanton Wick in the civil parish of Stowey in the English county of Somerset.

The farm house is 18th century and the surrounding land includes neutral grassland, wildflower meadows and woodlands with splendid views. Much of Folly Farm is designated as a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. Some of the land has never been ploughed. The SSSI comprises two adjacent areas, the meadows (19.36 hectares) and Dowlings Wood (9 hectares). It is also a Local Nature Reserve.

It can be found near Bishop Sutton in the Chew Valley, just off the A368. The site is situated on a curved ridge of land on neutral soils derived from the underlying Keuper Marl. The soil is of the Icknield Association with dark brown, moist but moderately well-drained clay.

The 250 acres (100 ha) nature reserve includes the Folly Oak which is over 400 years old.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Mississippi River and Bonne Terre Railway
The Mississippi River & Bonne Terre Railway (M.R. & B.T.) was a single-track standard-gauge steam railroad that was located in southeastern Missouri and began service in 1892. It extended from Riverside in a general southwesterly direction to the lead-mining field in St. Francois County. The main stem, from Riverside to Doe Run, was 46.492 miles (74.822 km) long. Eight short branch lines had a total trackage of 17.418 miles (28.032 km). Sidings and spurs aggregated 30.664 miles (49.349 km), and all tracks owned 94.574 miles (152.202 km).

4-6-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-6-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The 4-6-2 locomotive became almost globally known as a Pacific type after a locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia was shipped across the Pacific Ocean to New Zealand.
Omnivoropteryx
Omnivoropteryx (meaning "omnivorous wing") is a genus of primitive flying avialan from the early Cretaceous Upper Jiufotang Formation of China. The authors who described Omnivoropteryx, Stephen Czerkas and Qiang Ji, stated that their specimen closely resembles Sapeornis, but the pubis was longer and, since no skull was known for Sapeornis, they did not consider the two names synonyms. The later discovery of Sapeornis skulls shows that they were indeed similar to Omnivoropteryx. This may make Omnivoropteryx a junior synonym of Sapeornis, and the name may be abandoned.

Avialae
Avialae ("bird wings") is a clade containing the only living dinosaurs, the birds, and their closest relatives. It is usually defined as all theropod dinosaurs more closely related to birds (Aves) than to deinonychosaurs, though alternative definitions are occasionally used (see below).

Archaeopteryx lithographica, from the late Jurassic Period Solnhofen Formation of Germany, is usually considered the earliest known avialan which may have had the capability of powered flight; a minority of studies have suggested that it might have been a  deinonychosaur instead. Several older (but non flight-capable) possible avialans are known from the late Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of China, dated to about 160 million years ago.
Ryan Moore (racing driver)
Ryan Moore (born October 8, 1983) is an American stock car racing driver who currently races super late models in the Southern United States. He previously competed in NASCAR, winning the 2003 Busch North Series Rookie of the Year award and winning two races and three poles en route to a career-best 5th-place points finish in 2005. He then made a total of 15 starts in the Busch Series and Craftsman Truck Series between 2005 and 2006.

Late model
Late Model stock car racing, also known as late model racing and late models, refers to a type of auto racing that involves purpose-built cars simultaneously racing against each other primarily on oval tracks.  This type of racing was early-on characterized by its participants' modification to the engines of post-World War II passenger cars, but the modern day understanding references a class that allows considerable modifications to both the engine and body, yet requires some form of front fender package.
Braitling
Braitling is a suburb of the town of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory, Australia. It is on the traditional Country of the Arrernte people.

The suburb is named after Bill and Doreen Braitling, who established Mount Doreen Station in 1930.

Mount Doreen Station
22°05′20″S 131°25′19″E﻿ / ﻿22.089°S 131.422°E﻿ / -22.089; 131.422﻿ (Mount Doreen)
Mount Doreen Station is a 7,337-square-kilometre (2,833 sq mi) pastoral lease operating as a cattle station in the Northern Territory of Australia.

It is situated about 142 kilometres (88 mi) north east of Papunya and approximately 319 kilometres (198 mi) north west of Alice Springs just off the Tanami Track in the central region of the Northern Territory. The property shares a boundary with Yunkanjini Aboriginal Land Trust to the south, the Yuendumu Aboriginal Land Trust to the east (with Yuendumu the closest settlement), the Mala Aboriginal Land Trust to the north and the Lake Mackay Aboriginal Land Trust to the west. The nearest leases are Newhaven Sanctuary (formerly Station) to the south and Mount Denison to the east.

Vaughan Springs, known to the Warlpiri people as Pikilyi, is a large and important natural spring on the property.
Albert McGinn
Albert McGinn (11 November 1913 – 20 August 2006) was an Australian cricketer. He played in four first-class matches for Queensland between 1941 and 1948. He also played for Northern Suburbs District Cricket Club (Norths).

Queensland cricket team
The Queensland men's cricket team (also known as the Queensland Bulls) are an Australian men's professional cricket team based in Queensland. The team competes in Sheffield Shield, the highest level of Australia domestic first class cricket, since the 1926–27 season, as well as the One-Day Cup, the highest level of Australian domestic one-day, since its inception in 1969–70. They also competed in the now defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash.
Holidays Rule
Holidays Rule is a collection of holiday music featuring various artists that range from indie rock to jazz and pop, including Paul McCartney, Rufus Wainwright, and The Shins. The songs on the compilation are both traditional and modern. The album was released by Hear Music/Concord Music Group on October 30, 2012 in North America. Chris Funk of The Decemberists served as the album’s producer, and he also appears on the album with Black Prairie. It peaked at #42 on the December 2012 Billboard album chart.

The Decemberists
The Decemberists are an American indie rock band from Portland, Oregon, formed in 2000. The band consists of Colin Meloy (lead vocals, guitar), Chris Funk (guitar, multi-instrumentalist), Jenny Conlee (piano, keyboards, accordion, backing vocals), Nate Query (bass), and John Moen (drums).

As of 2024, the band has released nine studio albums with their lyrics often focusing on historical incidents and folklore. Audience participation is a part of their live performances, typically during encores. The band stages whimsical reenactments of sea battles and other centuries-old events, typically of regional interest, or acts out songs with members of the crowd.

In 2011,  the track "Down by the Water" from their album The King Is Dead was nominated for Best Rock Song at the 54th Grammy Awards.
Mass surveillance in Australia
Mass surveillance in Australia takes place in several network media, including telephone, internet, and other communications networks, financial systems, vehicle and transit networks, international travel, utilities, and government schemes and services including those asking citizens to report on themselves or other citizens.

Timothy Pilgrim
Timothy Hugh Pilgrim PSM (born 19 August 1960) is a former Australian public servant, who was the Australian Privacy Commissioner from 2010, and was appointed to the additional role of Australian Information Commissioner in October 2016, after acting in that role since July 2015. Pilgrim retired from both roles on 24 March 2018.

Pilgrim was appointed Privacy Commissioner on 19 July 2010, and Acting Australian Information Commissioner from 20 July 2015. He was first appointed to the Office of the Privacy Commissioner as Deputy Privacy Commissioner in February 1998. On 1 November 2010, he and other staff of the Office of the Privacy Commissioner were integrated into the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner. Before joining the Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Pilgrim held senior management positions in a range of Australian Government agencies, including the Small Business Program within the Australian Taxation Office and the Child Support Agency.
Footprints Under the Window
Footprints Under the Window is the twelfth volume in the original The Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap.

This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate in 1933, purportedly by Leslie McFarlane; however, the writing style is noticeably different from other books in the series known to have been written by McFarlane.  Between 1959 and 1973 the first 38 volumes of this series were systematically revised as part of a project directed by Harriet Adams, Edward Stratemeyer's daughter. The original version of this book was rewritten in 1965 by David Grambs, resulting in two different stories with the same title.

Stratemeyer Syndicate
The Stratemeyer Syndicate was an American book packaging company that produced a number of book series for children, including Nancy Drew, The Hardy Boys, the various Tom Swift series, the Bobbsey Twins, the Rover Boys, and others. It contracted the many pseudonymous authors who wrote the series from 1899 to 1987, and arranged the publishing by firms such as Grosset & Dunlap. In 1987 it was sold to Simon & Schuster.
Kalawana Electoral District
Kalawana electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between March 1960 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Kalawana in Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Kalawana electoral district was replaced by the Ratnapura multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections.

Constitution of Sri Lanka
The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව, romanized: Śrī Laṅkā āndukrama vyavasthāva, Tamil: இலங்கைச் சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசின் அரசமைப்பு, romanized: Ilaṅkaic caṉanāyaka cōcalicak kuṭiyaraciṉ aracamaippu) has been the constitution of the island nation of Sri Lanka since its original promulgation by the National State Assembly on 7 September 1978. As of October 2022 it has been formally amended 21 times.

It is Sri Lanka's second republican constitution, replacing the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972, its third constitution since the country gained  independence within the British Commonwealth as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, and its fourth constitution overall.