hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johannes Bard
Johannes (sometimes John) Bard (1797–1861) was an American fraktur artist.

A blacksmith by trade, Bard was also a lay leader in the German Methodist Church; he passed his career in Adams and York Counties, Pennsylvania, and Frederick County, Maryland. He is among the most prolific fraktur artists known to have lived or worked in York County, alongside Daniel Peterman. A large portion of his work consists of copies of baptismal certificates published by a printer in Hanover, Pennsylvania. It has been posited that he was a pupil of George Peter Deisert. Unusually, some of his pieces incorporate American symbols and themes into their decorative schemes. Others depict prominent figures, including American presidents.
Many examples of Bard's work, mainly writing samples but including other pieces as well, can be found in the collection of the Winterthur Museum.

Adams County, Pennsylvania
Adams County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 103,852. Its county seat is Gettysburg. The county was created on January 22, 1800, from part of York County, and was named for John Adams, the second President of the United States.

Between July 1 and July 3, 1863, the Battle of Gettysburg, the bloodiest and most significant battle of the American Civil War, was fought near Gettysburg. As a result, Adams County is a center for Civil War-related tourism.  Adams County comprises the Gettysburg metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Gupte
Gupte is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Amole Gupte (born 1962) is an Indian screenwriter, actor, and director

Avadhoot Gupte

B.A. Gupte (1851–1925), Indian ethnographer

Baloo Gupte (1934–2005), Indian cricket player

Chinmay Gupte (born 1972), Indian-born English orthopaedic surgeon and cricket player

Chitaman Gupte (1916–1994), Indian cricket player

Lalita D. Gupte

Mahendra Gupte (1931–2017), Indian cricket umpire

Narayan Murlidhar Gupte (1872–1947), Indian poet and scholar

Neelima Gupte, Indian physicist

Partho Gupte, Indian child actor

Prabhakar Gupte, Indian cricket player

Rango Bapuji Gupte

Sakharam Hari Gupte (1718–1779)

Subhash Gupte (1929–2002), cricket player

V. M. Gupte, Indian cricket umpire

Vandana Gupte, Indian actress

Sakharam Hari Gupte
Sakharam Hari Gupte Tipnis (19 September 1718- October 1779) was born in Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu (CKP) family, and was the commander and tipnis (secretary) of Peshwa Bajirao I. For few years he worked under Peshwa Nanasaheb and then became the General of Raghunathrao Peshwa. He was responsible for conquering Attock on the banks of the Indus and repelling the Durrani ruler, Ahmad Shah Abdali out of India in the 1750s.
Konrad von Bussnang
Konrad von Bussnang (died December 20, 1239) was abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall from 1226 to 1239. He descended from the barons von Bussnang from the Canton of Thurgau. He is first mentioned in records as provost in 1221.

Thurgau
Thurgau (/ˈtʊərɡaʊ/ TOOR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈtuːrɡaʊ] ⓘ; French: Thurgovie; Italian: Turgovia; Romansh: Turgovia), anglicized as Thurgovia, and formally as the Canton of Thurgau, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of five districts. Its capital is Frauenfeld.

Thurgau is part of Eastern Switzerland. It is named after the river Thur, and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area, including part of this river's basin upstream of the modern canton. The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century. Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.

The population, as of December 2020, is 282,909. In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 resident foreigners, constituting 19.9% of the population.
Jeremy Sands
Jeremy Nigel Sands (born 9 January 1944) is an English-born Scottish former first-class cricketer.

Sands was born in England at Carshalton in January 1944. He was educated in Scotland at the Edinburgh Academy, where he played for the rugby fifteen as a fly-half. From there he went up to the University of Edinburgh. Sands made his debut in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Scotland at Glasgow in 1965. In the same year he made two further appearances in first-class cricket for Scotland against the touring New Zealanders at Hamilton Crescent and Ireland at Dublin. He made a final first-class appearance in 1967, for the MCC against Scotland. In four first-class matches, Sands scored 37 runs with a highest score of 17.

Edinburgh Academy
The Edinburgh Academy is a private day school in Edinburgh, Scotland, which was opened in 1824. The original building, on Henderson Row in Stockbridge, is now part of the Senior School. The Junior School is on Arboretum Road to the north of the city's Royal Botanic Garden.

In the latter half of the twentieth century there were many cases of physical and sexual abuse of pupils by Edinburgh Academy staff; in 2023 the Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry investigated numerous reports by ex-pupils of historical abuse by several staff; the Academy later issued an acknowledgement and apology. Several surviving staff member were found guilty in criminal trials, or Examinations of Facts ("trials of the facts") for those unfit to plead.
Karayayla, Tarsus
Karayayla is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 205 (2022). It is situated in Çukurova (Cilicia of the antiquity) to the northeast of Tarsus and the junction of the motor ways O.21 and O.52. The village is slightly elevated with respect to the plains. Its distance to Tarsus is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) and its distance to Mersin is 40 kilometres (25 mi). The main economic activity of the village is agriculture. Grapes are the major crop of the village.

Otoyol 52
Otoyol 52 (English: Motorway 52), abbreviated as O-52, a.k.a. Adana-Şanlıurfa Otoyolu (English: Adana-Şanlıurfa Motorway), is a toll motorway in the regions of Mediterranean and Southeastern Anatolia in Turkey, connecting the cities Adana and Şanlıurfa. The motorway is part of European route E90 and Asian Highway 84. The O-52 starts from the eastern terminus of The O-51, runs eastward through Osmaniye, Gaziantep and terminates east of Şanlıurfa. The O-52 is currently the second longest Motorway in Turkey being only 5 km shorter than the O-4.

The highway sustained damage in the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.
Be With (poetry collection)
Be With (2018), published by New Directions, is the tenth collection of poems written by Forrest Gander. The book won the 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry and was longlisted for a 2018 National Book Award. The collection is, in part, an elegy for poet C. D. Wright to whom Gander had been married since 1986 and who passed unexpectedly in 2016. The title of Be With comes from the dedication of ShallCross, a collection of poems by Wright published posthumously. Gander eventually stopped doing public readings from Be With over personal concerns with performing his grief. The design for the 2018 print of the collection was done by art designer Sasha Veryovka.

Elegy
An elegy is a poem of serious reflection, and in English literature usually a lament for the dead. However, according to The Oxford Handbook of the Elegy, "for all of its pervasiveness ... the 'elegy' remains remarkably ill defined: sometimes used as a catch-all to denominate texts of a somber or pessimistic tone, sometimes as a marker for textual monumentalizing, and sometimes strictly as a sign of a lament for the dead".
Outline of the Philippines
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Philippines:

Philippines – archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. In the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of 7,641 islands which are broadly categorized in three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The Philippines is bounded by the South China Sea to the west, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Celebes Sea to the south. It shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Japan to the northeast, Palau to the east and southeast, Indonesia to the south, Malaysia to the southwest, Vietnam to the west, and China to the northwest.

Mount Apo
Mount Apo is the highest mountain peak in the Philippines, with an elevation of 2,954 meters (9,692 ft) above sea level. A large solfataric, dormant stratovolcano, it is part of the Apo-Talomo Mountain Range of Mindanao island. Apo is situated on the tripartite border of Davao City, Davao del Sur, and Cotabato; its peak is visible from Davao City 45 kilometers (28 mi) to the northeast, Digos 25 kilometers (16 mi) to the southeast, and Bansalan 20 kilometers (12 mi) to the west. Apo is a protected area and is the centerpiece of Mount Apo Natural Park.
Topor (headgear)
A topor (Bengali: টোপর) is a type of conical headgear traditionally worn by the Bengali groom as part of the Bengali Hindu wedding ceremony for good luck. The topor is typically fragile, made of sholapith and white in colour.

The topor is traditionally given to the groom by the bride's family. The groom dons the topor before the main ceremony begins. The bride will typically wear related, but differently-shaped, headgear (Bengali: মুকুট, mukut).

Topors are also worn by infant boys as part of the annaprashana ceremony, when they are dressed as grooms.

Headgear
Headgear, headwear, or headdress is any element of clothing which is worn on one's head, including hats, helmets, turbans and many other types. Headgear is worn for many purposes, including protection against the elements, decoration, or for religious or cultural reasons, including social conventions.
Chopping Machine
Chopping Machine is the debut album by the stoner rock band Colour Haze, released in 1995. It was recorded January 30 – February 3, 1995, and mixed in July 1995 in Munich.

The album received a rating of 8 out of 12 from Visions.de. Ox-Fanzine criticized the overall package and booklet, whereas the music was "actually really good. Technically flawless, dense noise attacks full of clean breaks".

Ox-Fanzine
Ox-Fanzine is a monthly punk zine from Solingen, Germany, founded in 1988. It is edited by Joachim Hiller and has had many contributors. Besides its focus on punk subculture, it also covers similar genres, reviews of comics, books and films, and has included serial novels by authors such as Klaus N. Frick.

By 2019, Ox had a circulation of 10,000 copies.
Hezekiah Maham
Hezekiah Maham (June 26, 1739 - 1789) was a legislator in South Carolina and a soldier in the South Carolina State Troops.  He was a member of the first Provincial Congress of South Carolina.  During the American Revolution, he commanded the South Carolina 3rd Regiment of State Dragoons.

Provincial Congress
A provincial congress was an extralegal general convention or representative assembly patterned after colonial lower houses formed in ten of the thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution to initiate self-rule. Some were referred to as provincial congresses while others used different terms. The provincial congresses were generally replaced or renamed when the ten British colonies declared themselves sovereign states.
Cerisy Forest
Cerisy Forest (forêt de Cerisy or forêt de Balleroy) is a 2,127-hectare (5,260-acre) beech woodland (75% of the land), located in the French Calvados and Manche departments.

Since 1976 it has been a national nature reserve managed by the National Forests Office. Its goals include conservation of an endemic golden sub-species of carabus auronitens, which is protected at national level.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
1999 Wychavon District Council election
The 1999 Wychavon District Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Wychavon District Council in Worcestershire, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative Party gained overall control of the council from no overall control.

Wychavon
Wychavon (/ˈwɪtʃ.eɪvən/) is a local government district in Worcestershire, England. The largest towns therein are Evesham and Droitwich Spa; the council is based in the town of Pershore. The district also includes numerous villages and surrounding rural areas, and includes part of the Cotswolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The district's name references the Saxon Kingdom of Hwicce and the River Avon. The population in 2024 was 138,017.

The neighbouring districts are Malvern Hills, Worcester, Wyre Forest, Bromsgrove, Redditch, Stratford-on-Avon, Cotswold, and Tewkesbury.
Lucky Day (album)
Lucky Day is the sixth studio album released by Jamaican singer Shaggy. It was released on October 29, 2002. The album peaked at number 24 on the Billboard 200 and later reached Gold certification. Three singles were released from the album: "Hey Sexy Lady", "Strength of a Woman" and "Get My Party On". The album featured guest appearances from Shaggy's longtime collaborators Brian and Tony Gold, as well as a guest appearance from Chaka Khan. The song "We Are the Ones" was included on the album Barbie Mix, which was released to promote the My Scene dolls.

MCA Records hoped that Lucky Day could stop a slump in sales at the label for 2002. While the album was a moderate commercial success (selling 352,000 copies by July 2005), it did not sell as well as hoped, resulting in MCA's president, Jay Boberg, resigning from his position at the label in January 2003, and ultimately led to MCA being merged into Geffen Records in June 2003.

Jay Boberg
Jay Robert Boberg (born in 1958) is an American music, entertainment and viticulture executive. He co-founded the independent record label I.R.S. Records in 1979, and later served as the president of Universal/MCA Music Publishing and the president of MCA Records. He is the founder of the entertainment company Liberation Entertainment and is chairman of the Isolation Entertainment board of directors. In 2013, he co-founded the winery Domaine Nicolas-Jay in Oregon with Méo Camuzet owner and winemaker, Jean-Nicolas Méo.
2013 Sacramento Challenger – Doubles
Tennys Sandgren and Rhyne Williams were the defending champions, but they lost in the first round.

John-Patrick Smith and Matt Reid won the title, defeating Jarmere Jenkins and Donald Young in the final, 7–6(7–1), 4–6, [14–12].

Donald Young (tennis)
Donald Oliver Young Jr. (born July 23, 1989) is an American professional pickleball player with the American PPA Tour and Major League Pickleball, and also a former professional tennis player. Young had a tennis career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 38, achieved on 27 February 2012, and doubles ranking of world No. 43, achieved on 14 August 2017. As a junior he was ranked No. 1 in the world in 2005. His best singles performance was reaching the fourth round of the 2011 US Open, as well as the 2015 US Open. In doubles, he reached the final of the 2017 French Open, partnering Santiago González.  In mixed doubles, he reached the final of the 2024 US Open, partnering Taylor Townsend.
Laing's Nek
Laing's Nek, or Lang's Nek is a pass through the Drakensberg mountain range in South Africa, south of Charlestown, at 27°27′39″S 29°52′10″E﻿ / ﻿27.46083°S 29.86944°E﻿ / -27.46083; 29.86944 at an elevation of 5400 to 6,000 ft (1,800 m). It is the lowest part of a ridge that slopes from Majuba Hill east to the Buffalo River. Before the opening of the railway in 1891, the road over the nek was the main artery of communication between Durban and Pretoria. The railway crosses the pass via a 2,213 ft (675 m) tunnel.

Buffalo River (KwaZulu-Natal)
The Buffalo River (Zulu: uMzinyathi; Afrikaans: Buffelsrivier) is the largest tributary of the Tugela River in South Africa. With a total length of 426 km (265 mi), its source is in Majuba Hill, "Hill of Doves" in the Zulu language, located northeast of Volksrust, close to the Mpumalanga / KwaZulu-Natal border. It follows a southerly route into KwaZulu-Natal past Newcastle then turns southeast past Rorke's Drift, before joining the Tugela River at Ngubevu near Nkandla. During the nineteenth century it formed part of the boundary between the Colony of Natal and Zululand.

The Buffalo River has a number of tributaries, including the Ingagane from the SW and the Blood River from the NE, which it joins near Kandi Mountain. Rorke's Drift is a ford across the Buffalo River which is one of the famous places of the 1878–79 Anglo-Zulu War and Isandhlwana is another important place of that war located about 20 km SE of the river, not far from the confluence with the Tugela.
Emma Ríos
Emma Ríos Maneiro (born April 1, 1976, Vilagarcía de Arousa) is a Spanish comics artist, writer, and editor with an international presence in the comics industry. She has worked for some of the largest American comics publishers, including Marvel, Image, and Boom! Studios.

She has several ongoing titles: Mirror with Malaysian artist Hwei Lim and Pretty Deadly with American writer Kelly Sue Deconnick. The latter earned Ríos Eisner award nominations for Best Penciller/Inker/Artist and Best Cover Artist in 2014 and a win for Best Cover Artist in 2020. She is also a rapier fencer specializing in La Verdadera Destreza.

Vilagarcía de Arousa
Vilagarcía de Arousa (Galician: [ˌbilɐɣaɾˈθi.ɐ ð(e) aˈɾowsɐ], Spanish: [bilaɣaɾˈθi.a ðe aˈɾowsa] ⓘ) is a municipality in the province of Pontevedra, in Galicia, Spain.  As of 2014 it has a population of 37,712, being ninth largest town in Galicia.
Albert Mannheimer
Albert Mannheimer (9 March 1913, in New York City, New York – 19 March 1972, in Los Angeles County, California) was an American writer, principally of screenplays, including the Academy Award-nominated screenplay for Born Yesterday, which screenplay also received the Writers Guild of America award for Best Written American Comedy Award.

He was a protégé of philosopher-novelist Ayn Rand in the late 1940s and early 1950s. His relationship with Rand is covered in two recent (as of 2010) books - Ayn Rand and the World She Made by Anne C. Heller and Goddess of the Market by Jennifer Burns.

Jennifer Burns (historian)
Jennifer Burns (born 1975) is an American historian serving as the Edgar E. Robinson Professor in United States History at Stanford University and as a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She previously served as assistant professor of history at the University of Virginia from 2007 to 2012. Her research focuses on 20th-century U.S. political and cultural history, including the history of markets, capitalism, and economic ideas.

Burns has published major intellectual biographies of American political-economic thinkers, notably Goddess of the Market (2009) and Milton Friedman: The Last Conservative (2023). Goddess of the Market was reviewed in outlets such as Booklist, The Washington Times, and The New York Times, generally receiving favorable reception.
History of Istria
Istria (Croatian and Slovene: Istra; Istriot: Eîstria; Istro-Romanian, Italian and Venetian: Istria, Latin: Histria) is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner. It is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy.

Plomin
Plomin (Italian: Fianona) is a village in Kršan municipality in Istria County, Croatia.
, situated approximately 11 km north of Labin, on a hill 80 meters tall. It is a popular destination for tourists traveling through Istria by road.
The A-List (novel)
The A-List is the first novel in The A-List series by Zoey Dean.  It follows the story of a shy, privileged teenage girl who moves across the country to Los Angeles for her senior year and vows to reinvent herself as she becomes embroiled with the Beverly Hills elite. It was released in 2003 through Megan Tingley Books by Poppy.

Little, Brown and Company
Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown in Boston. It publishes works by American authors. Early lists featured Emily Dickinson's poetry and Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. Since 2006, Little, Brown and Company is a division of the Hachette Book Group.
John Groves Gould
John Groves Gould (April 20, 1912 – February 7, 2002) was a Canadian lawyer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Vancouver-Burrard in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a Liberal from 1949 to 1952.

He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, the son of John Gould, a native of England, and Clara Groves. Groves served as a lieutenant with the Royal Canadian Navy in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean during World War II. He served as a member of a Liberal-Conservative coalition in the provincial assembly. Groves was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1952 and 1953.

He died in 2002 after a brief illness.

Vancouver-Burrard (provincial electoral district)
Vancouver-Burrard was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada. It first appeared on the hustings in the 1933 general election and included the neighbourhoods of Kitsilano and Fairview. This version of the riding was abolished in 1979, and its territory was divided between Vancouver-Point Grey, Vancouver-Little Mountain, and Vancouver Centre.

In 1991, a new Vancouver-Burrard was established, containing the western half of the former Vancouver Centre. For the 2009 election, the riding was split across two new ridings. The portion west of Burrard, Georgia, and Jervis became the new Vancouver-West End riding. The remainder of Vancouver-Burrard joined part of Vancouver-Fairview to become the new Vancouver-False Creek riding.
Prado Dam
Prado Dam is an earth-fill dry dam across the Santa Ana River at the Chino Hills near Corona, California in Riverside County with the resulting impounded water creating Prado Flood Control Basin reservoir. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built the dam in Lower Santa Ana River Canyon. Its primary purpose is flood control and it is the downstream element of the Santa Ana River's flood control system, which is a natural constriction about 30.5 mi (49.1 km) upstream from the ocean. The area upstream from the dam contains 2,255 sq mi (5,840 km2) of the watershed's 2,650 sq mi (6,900 km2). The dam's construction was authorized in 1936 and the flood of 1938 demonstrated its necessity. Construction was completed in 1941. Prado Flood Control Basin also provides water storage for groundwater recharge operations.

Groundwater recharge
Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process, where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer. This process usually occurs in the vadose zone below plant roots and is often expressed as a flux to the water table surface. Groundwater recharge also encompasses water moving away from the water table farther into the saturated zone. Recharge occurs both naturally (through the water cycle) and through anthropogenic processes (i.e., "artificial groundwater recharge"), where rainwater and/or reclaimed water is routed to the subsurface.

The most common methods to estimate recharge rates are: chloride mass balance (CMB); soil physics methods; environmental and isotopic tracers; groundwater-level fluctuation methods; water balance (WB) methods (including groundwater models (GMs)); and the estimation of baseflow (BF) to rivers.