hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dynagroove
Dynagroove is a recording process introduced in 1963 by RCA Victor that, for the first time, used analog computers to modify the audio signal used to produce master discs for LPs.  The intent was to boost bass on quiet passages, and reduce the high-frequency tracing burdens (distortion) for the less-compliant, "ball" or spherical-tipped playback cartridges then in use.  With boosted bass, tracing demands could be reduced in part by reduced recording levels, sometimes supplemented by peak compression.  This added top-end margin permitted selective pre-emphasis of some passages for greater perceived (psychological) brilliance of the recording as a whole.  As with any compander, the program material itself changed the response of the Dynagroove electronics that processed it.  But, because the changes were multiple (bass, treble, dynamic range) and algorithmic (thresholds, gain curves), RCA  referred to the analog device as a computer.

Dynamic range
Dynamic range (abbreviated DR, DNR, or DYR) is the ratio between the largest and smallest measurable values of a specific quantity. It is often used in the context of signals, like sound and light. It is measured either as a ratio or as a base-10 (decibel) or base-2 (doublings, bits or stops) logarithmic value of the ratio between the largest and smallest signal values.

Electronically reproduced audio and video is often processed to fit the original material with a wide dynamic range into a narrower recorded dynamic range for easier storage and reproduction. This process is called dynamic range compression.
Nathan Steinberner
Nathan Steinberner (born 11 March 1977) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Port Adelaide in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Steinberner, originally from Tanunda, in the Barossa Valley, was picked up by Port Adelaide from the Central District Football Club, as a zone selection. An on-baller, he played just once in their inaugural league season and also played only one game in 1998. He made 11 appearances in 1999, most in the second half of the season. Over the next two years he added just seven more games to his tally.

He was a member of five premiership teams at Central District, in 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005. In the 2004 SANFL Grand Final, Steinberner won the Jack Oatey Medal, awarded to the best on ground. He was club captain in 2006, but missed most of the year with injury, including the grand final loss to Woodville-West Torrens.

Jack Oatey Medal
The Jack Oatey Medal is awarded to the best player during the SANFL Grand Final. It has been awarded since 1981. In 2018, Mitch Grigg of Norwood became the first player to win the Jack Oatey Medal on a losing team, after his team were defeated by North Adelaide in the 2018 SANFL Grand Final.
Dance on Roses
Dance on Roses (Swedish: Dans på rosor) is a 1954 Swedish comedy drama film directed by Schamyl Bauman and starring Sickan Carlsson, Karl-Arne Holmsten and Olof Winnerstrand. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Arthur Spjuth.

Arthur Spjuth
Arthur Spjuth (1904–1989) was a Swedish art director who designed film sets for many Swedish productions. He also directed five films and worked as a screenwriter on seven and a producer on two, as well as production manager on many others.
Muskrat River (Grand lac Saint François)
The Muskrat River (in French: rivière Muskrat) is a tributary of Grand lac Saint François which constitutes the head lake of the Saint-François River. The course of the Muskrat river "crosses the territory of the municipality of Adstock, in the Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, on the South Shore of the St. Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada.

Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality
Les Appalaches (French pronunciation: [lez‿apalaʃ]) is a regional county municipality (RCM) in the Chaudière-Appalaches region in southeastern Quebec, Canada.  It was established in 1982 from parts of the historic counties of Beauce, Frontenac, Mégantic, and Wolfe. The county seat and largest city is Thetford Mines.

The name of the RCM is linked to its location in the Appalachian Mountains with Mounts Adstock, Caribou, Oak, and Saint-Adrien being the highest. Until 2008, it was known as L'Amiante Regional County Municipality, because of the importance of asbestos mining in the region (amiante is French for "asbestos").
Michael X. Mockus
Michael X. Mockus (October 26, 1864 – October 23, 1939) was a Lithuanian-American philosopher and former Unitarian minister. Mockus is remembered for having been convicted in nationally publicized trials for having violated archaic Connecticut and Maine state laws prohibiting blasphemy as a result of his public challenges of certain points of Christian orthodox religious belief.

Rumford, Maine
Rumford is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. The population was 5,858 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Rumford is home to both ND Paper Inc's Rumford Mill and the Black Mountain of Maine ski resort.
Tauweru
Tauweru, alternatively Taueru, and previously known as Wardell, or Wardelltown is a locality in the Wairarapa region of New Zealand's North Island.  It is named after and located on the middle reaches of the Tauweru River, which drains into the Ruamāhanga River near Gladstone and Te Whiti, and the name is a Māori-language word meaning "hanging in clusters".

Tauweru is situated east of the Wairarapa's largest town, Masterton, and is located on the main road between Masterton and Castlepoint.  The nearest railway is the Wairarapa Line in Masterton.  In June 1942, Tauweru was the epicentre of one of the most destructive earthquakes since European settlement of the Wairarapa in the mid-19th century.

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Muellerella lichenicola
Muellerella lichenicola is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the family Verrucariaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1826 by Søren Christian Sommerfelt, as Sphaeria lichenicola. David Leslie Hawksworth transferred it to the genus Muellerella in 1979.

It has been reported growing on Caloplaca aurantia, Caloplaca saxicola and Physcia aipolia in Sicily, and on an unidentified crustose lichen in Iceland. In Mongolia, it has been reported growing on the thallus of a Biatora-lichen at 2,800 m (9,200 ft) elevation in the Bulgan district and on Aspicilia at 1,850 m (6,070 ft) elevation in the Altai district.  In Victoria Land, Antarctica, it has been reported from multiple hosts, including members of the Teloschistaceae and Physciaceae.

Aspicilia
Aspicilia (sunken disk lichen) is a genus of mostly crustose areolate lichens that grow on rock. Most members have black apothecia discs that are slightly immersed in the areolas, hence the common name": 223 Given the same reason, the  naming of Aspicilia is derived from the Greek word for "shield concave".

Most of the species of this genus grow on calcareous and acidic rocks and most of the taxa prefer temperate and arctic habitats.

Some members of the genus Aspicilia are pioneer species on granite and other hard rock, after which members of other lichen species may grow on them, such as members of Acarospora.
Diary of a Madman (song)
"Diary of a Madman" is the debut single by the Gravediggaz, released in June 1994 from their debut album, 6 Feet Deep. The song was produced by members RZA (The Rzarector) and Prince Paul (The Undertaker) along with RNS and featured verses from Killah Priest and Scientific Shabazz. "Diary of a Madman" was Gravediggaz' most successful single, peaking at No. 82 on the Billboard Hot 100, their only single to reach the chart, as well as No. 8 on the Hot Rap Singles chart.

Hot Rap Songs
Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles) is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip hop-focused or exclusive markets. Streaming data, digital downloads and All-Format radio stations were added to the methodology of determining chart rankings in 2012. From 1989 through 2001, it was based on how much the single sold in that given week.
Hallym University
Hallym University (Korean: 한림대학교) is a private university located in Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea. Hallym University was established in 1982. In 1995 it was designated by the Ministry of Education as one of a handful of universities entitled to receive the financial support of the Ministry for their specialization programs. After that, it continued to be so designated consecutively for five years. In addition, it has acquired the status of "distinguished university," the title granted by the Ministry of Education, three years in a row, and has also been selected for funding by the Brain Korea 21 Project.

Gangwon Province, South Korea
Gangwon Province (Korean: 강원도; RR: Gangwon-do), officially Gangwon State (강원특별자치도; lit. Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province), is a Special Self-Governing Province of South Korea. It is known as the largest and least densely populated subdivision of South Korea. Gangwon is one of the three provinces in South Korea with special self-governing status, the others being Jeju Province and Jeonbuk State. Gangwon is bordered on the east by the East Sea(Or Sea of Japan), it borders Gyeonggi Province to the west, North Gyeongsang Province and North Chungcheong Province to the south, and the Military Demarcation Line to the north, separating it from North Korea. In the 1945 division of Korea, the historical Gangwon Province was divided in half, and remains so to this day.

Pyeongchang County in Gangwon hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2018 Winter Paralympics. Gangwon also hosted the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics.
Huide Tower
Huide Tower is a mixed-use skyscraper in Longhua District, Shenzhen. It is 258 meters tall and has 58 above-ground floors and 3 underground floors. It has a floor area of 173,500 m2. It functions as an office building and a hotel. Construction started in 2015 and ended in 2019. Huide Tower is the 31st tallest building in Shenzhen and 429th tallest in the world. Huide Tower was designed by HPP Architects.

The tower was developed by China Railway Construction Engineering Group and Shenzhen Metro. It was built as part of transit oriented development in the area, as it is located near to the adjacent Shenzhen North train station.

Shenzhen North railway station
Shenzhen North Railway Station (Chinese: 深圳北站; pinyin: Shēnzhèn Běi Zhàn; Jyutping: sam1 zan3 bak1 zaam6) is one of the four large intercity railway stations of Shenzhen, located in Longhua District. It has 11 platforms and 20 lines. It is an interchange station between the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link, the Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, future Shenzhen–Zhanjiang high-speed railway and the Shenzhen Metro Lines 4, 5 and 6. Construction started in 2007 and was completed in June 2011. The Line 4 and Line 5 platforms opened on 22 June 2011, CRH platforms opened on 26 December 2011 and Line 6 platforms opened on 18 August 2020.

High speed trains run from Shenzhen North train station to Beijing West railway station, Xiamen and Guangzhou.
Winsorizing
Winsorizing or winsorization is the transformation of statistics by limiting extreme values in the statistical data to reduce the effect of possibly spurious outliers. It is named after the engineer-turned-biostatistician Charles P. Winsor (1895–1951). The effect is the same as clipping in signal processing.

The distribution of many statistics can be heavily influenced by outliers, values that are 'way outside' the bulk of the data. A typical strategy to account for, without eliminating altogether, these outlier values is to 'reset' outliers to a specified percentile (or an upper and lower percentile) of the data.  For example, a 90% winsorization would see all data below the 5th percentile set to the 5th percentile, and all data above the 95th percentile set to the 95th percentile. Winsorized estimators are usually more robust to outliers than their more standard forms, although there are alternatives, such as trimming (see below), that will achieve a similar effect.

Clipping (signal processing)
Clipping is a form of distortion that limits a signal once it exceeds a threshold.  Clipping may occur when a signal is recorded by a sensor that has constraints on the range of data it can measure, it can occur when a signal is digitized, or it can occur any other time an analog or digital signal is transformed, particularly in the presence of gain or overshoot and undershoot.

Clipping may be described as hard, in cases where the signal is strictly limited at the threshold, producing a flat cutoff; or it may be described as soft, in cases where the clipped signal continues to follow the original at a reduced gain.  Hard clipping results in many high-frequency harmonics; soft clipping results in fewer higher-order harmonics and intermodulation distortion components.
Village Cricket Boy
Village Cricket Boy is a 2022 Malayalam-language Indian children's short film directed by Rahul R. Sarma, starring Davinchi Santhosh and Divya Gopinath. The film won the 2022 Kerala State Television Awards for Best Children's Film and Best Child Actor.International Documentary Short Film Festival of Kerala was screened in the competition section of the film festival.

Children's film
A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that generally relates to children in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.
Angrignon station
Angrignon station (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ɡʁiɲɔ̃]) is a Montreal Metro station in Le Sud-Ouest borough of Montreal, Quebec. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and is the western terminus of the Green Line. The station includes a large bus terminus for buses to southwest Montreal, the West Island (Dorval), and South Western Quebec. It opened in 1978.

Dorval
Dorval (/dɔːrˈvæl/; French: [dɔʁval] ⓘ) is an on-island suburban city on the island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec, Canada. In 2016, the Canadian Census indicated that the population increased by 4.2% to 18,980. Although the city has the largest surface area in Montréal’s west side, it is among the least densely populated. Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport constitutes about 60% of the city's land; consequently, all of Dorval's population is concentrated in the southern part of the city.

Dorval is the oldest city in the west side of Montréal, having been founded in 1667, and one of the oldest in Canada and North America.
Carlos Massad
Carlos Alberto Massad Abud (29 August 1932) was a Chilean politician and economist, who served as minister and was two-times president of the Central Bank of Chile.

In 1982, he was involved in the economic scandal of the Bank of Talca alongside Sebastián Piñera.

Central Bank of Chile
The Central Bank of Chile (Spanish: Banco Central de Chile) is the central bank of Chile. It was established in 1925 and is incorporated into the current Chilean Constitution as an autonomous institution of constitutional rank. Its monetary policy is currently guided by an inflation targeting regime.
Washington Cook
Washington Cook (February 22, 1873 – October 12, 1955) was an American politician who served one term on the Massachusetts Governor's Council. He was the brother of Massachusetts State Auditor Alonzo B. Cook.

Massachusetts State Auditor
The state auditor of Massachusetts is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Twenty-six individuals have occupied the office of state auditor since the office's creation in 1849. The incumbent is Diana DiZoglio, a Democrat.
Sainte-Gemmes-d'Andigné
Sainte-Gemmes-d'Andigné (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t ʒɛm dɑ̃diɲe] ⓘ, literally Sainte-Gemmes- of Andigné) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 15 December 2016, it was merged into the new commune Segré-en-Anjou Bleu. Its population was 1,461 in 2022.

Maine-et-Loire
Maine-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [mɛn e lwaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Loire Valley in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France. It is named after the two rivers, Maine and the Loire. It borders Mayenne and Sarthe to the north, Loire-Atlantique to the west, Indre-et-Loire to the east, Vienne and Deux-Sèvres to the south, Vendée to the south-west, and Ille-et-Vilaine to the north-west. Its prefecture is Angers; its subprefectures are Cholet, Saumur and Segré-en-Anjou Bleu. Maine-et-Loire had a population of 818,273 in 2019.
Enigma, Georgia
Enigma is a town in Berrien County, Georgia, United States. The population was 1,278 at the 2010 census, and 1,058 in 2020. The origin of the name "Enigma" is obscure; the name is itself an enigma. Enigma has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names.

Place names considered unusual
Place names considered unusual can include those which are also offensive words, inadvertently humorous (especially if mispronounced) or highly charged words, as well as place names of unorthodox spelling and pronunciation, including especially short or long names. These names often have an unintended effect or double-meaning when read by someone who speaks another language.
Image analysis
Image analysis or imagery analysis is the extraction of meaningful information from images; mainly from digital images by means of digital image processing techniques. Image analysis tasks can be as simple as reading bar coded tags or as sophisticated as identifying a person from their face.

Computers are indispensable for the analysis of large amounts of data, for tasks that require complex computation, or for the extraction of quantitative information.  On the other hand, the human visual cortex is an excellent image analysis apparatus, especially for extracting higher-level information, and for many applications — including medicine, security, and remote sensing — human analysts still cannot be replaced by computers.  For this reason, many important image analysis tools such as edge detectors and neural networks are inspired by human visual perception models.

ASM International (society)
ASM International, formerly known as the American Society for Metals, is an association of materials-centric engineers and scientists.

As the charitable arm of ASM, the ASM Materials Education Foundation also operates ASM Materials Camp in the summers for high school students and teachers. These camps are intended to educate the public about the materials field, and encourage young people to pursue careers in materials science and engineering.
Ashton Baumann
Ashton Baumann (born January 5, 1993) is a Canadian competition swimmer who specializes in the breaststroke. Baumann competed for Canada at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 200 m breaststroke. He is the son of former Canadian Olympic swimmer Alex Baumann.

He relocated to Ottawa with his family at age 14, attending Canterbury High School, and first became interested in competitive swimming when he joined the Greater Ottawa Kingfish Swim Club. In 2016, he was named to Canada's Olympic team for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
Apprehensive Films
Apprehensive Films was an independent American film production and distribution company in operation from 1997–2016. Its main focus was low-budget exploitation-inspired films shot in Super 8 mm film and 16 mm film. In 2006, Apprehensive Films became a DVD distributor specializing in cult, horror and exploitation film. Apprehensive Films took over the television distribution of the horror hosted television series Cinema Insomnia which led to their re-licensing the show to AMGTV.

16 mm film
16 mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch); other common film gauges include 8 mm and 35 mm. It is generally used for non-theatrical (e.g., industrial, educational, television) film-making, or for low-budget motion pictures. It also existed as a popular amateur or home movie-making format for several decades, alongside 8 mm film and later Super 8 film. Eastman Kodak released the first 16 mm "outfit" in 1923, consisting of a Ciné-Kodak camera, Kodascope projector, tripod, screen and splicer, for US$335 (equivalent to US$6,330 in 2025).: 334  RCA-Victor introduced a 16 mm sound movie projector in 1932, and developed an optical sound-on-film 16 mm camera, released in 1935.: 231
The Meadows (Battleboro, North Carolina)
The Meadows, also known as the Robert Carter Hilliard House, is a historic plantation house located near Battleboro, Nash County, North Carolina.  It dates to the early-19th century, and is a two-story, five bay by two bay, Federal style dwelling with a one-story rear shed addition. It is sheathed in weatherboard, a low-pitched gable roof, and double-shoulder exterior end chimneys.  The front facade features a one-story replacement porch covering the center three bays.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Nash County, North Carolina
Nash County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 94,970. Its county seat is Nashville.

Nash County is part of the Rocky Mount, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Stafford–Olive Historic District
Stafford–Olive Historic District is a national historic district located at Washington, Franklin County, Missouri. The district encompasses 140 contributing buildings in a predominantly residential section of Washington. The district developed between about 1858 and 1949, and includes representative examples of Queen Anne, Second Empire, Tudor Revival, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style residential architecture.  Notable buildings include the Jos. Rumme House (c. 1865), Chas Haupt House (c. 1875), Louis Horn House (c. 1858), F. R. Pelster House (c. 1865), Hydecker House (c. 1858), Stephen Filla House (c. 1909), Chas. Kopp House (c. 1930), Hy. Thias Honse (c. 1855), and William Pace House (1929).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Franklin County, Missouri
Franklin County is located in the U.S. state of Missouri. At the 2020 census, the population was 104,682. Its county seat is Union. The county was organized in 1818 and is named after Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. Franklin County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and contains some of the city's exurbs. It is located along the south side of the Missouri River. The county has wineries that are included in the Hermann AVA (American Viticultural Area) and is part of the region known as the Missouri Rhineland, which extends on both sides of the Missouri River.