hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alliena gens
The gens Alliena or Aliena was a minor plebeian family of the Roman Republic.  The first member of the gens to achieve prominence was Lucius Alienus, plebeian aedile in 454 BC.  However, the family then slipped into obscurity for several centuries, emerging once more in the first century BC.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
What Is Enlightenment? (Foucault)
"What Is Enlightenment?" (French: Qu'est-ce que les Lumières?) is the title of two texts by the philosopher Michel Foucault that deal with the meaning of enlightenment and comment on Immanuel Kant's essay "Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?". Both texts by Foucault have the same tenor and originate in a lecture at the Collège de France on January 5, 1983.

"What Is Enlightenment?" is also an important contribution in Foucault's debate with Jürgen Habermas. The longer of the two texts first appeared 1984 as "What Is Enlightenment" in English, the shorter and sharper in content in the same year as "Qu'est-ce que les Lumières?" in Magazine littéraire.

Collège de France
The Collège de France (French pronunciation: [kɔlɛʒ də fʁɑ̃s] ⓘ; formerly known as the Collège Royal or as the Collège impérial), founded in 1530 by François I, is a higher education and research establishment (grand établissement) in France. It is located in Paris near La Sorbonne. The Collège de France has been considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment. It is an associate member of PSL University.

Research and teaching are closely linked at the Collège de France, whose ambition is to teach "the knowledge that is being built up in all fields of literature, science and the arts".
Pawnee Rangers
"Pawnee Rangers" is the fourth episode of the fourth season of the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation. Unlike many episodes during the fourth season that focus on Leslie's campaign for city council, this episode hardly even mentions it. "Pawnee Rangers" garnered 3.99 million viewers, a decrease in viewers from the previous episode. The episode was written by Alan Yang and was directed by Charles McDougall.

Alan Yang
Alan Michael Yang (Chinese: 楊維榕; born August 22, 1983) is an American screenwriter, producer and director. He was a writer and producer for the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation, for which he received his first Emmy nomination. With Aziz Ansari, Yang co-created the Netflix series Master of None, which was awarded a Peabody Award. At the 68th Emmy Awards in 2016, Yang and Ansari became the first writers of Asian descent to win the Emmy for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series for Master of None, which was also nominated for  Outstanding Comedy Series. In 2018, Yang co-created the Amazon Video series Forever, and in 2022 he co-created Loot for Apple TV +.
Kyzylkak
Kyzylkak (Kazakh: Қызылқақ; Russian: Кызылкак) is a bittern salt lake in Ertis District, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan.

The lake lies 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) to the east of the northern end of larger Siletiteniz lake. There are no settlements by the lakeshore. The nearest inhabited locality is Kyzylkak village, located 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) to the south of the southern coastline of the lake.

Bittern (salt)
Bittern (pl. bitterns), or nigari, is the salt solution formed when halite (table salt) precipitates from seawater or brines. Bitterns contain magnesium, calcium, and potassium ions as well as chloride, sulfate, iodide, and other ions.

Bittern is commonly formed in salt ponds where the evaporation of water prompts the precipitation of halite. These salt ponds can be part of a salt-producing industrial facility, or they can be used as a waste storage location for brines produced in desalination processes.

Bittern is a source of many useful salts. It is used as a natural source of Mg2+, and it can be used as a coagulant both in the production of tofu and in the treatment of industrial wastewater.
2014 Durand Cup final
The 2014 Durand Cup final was a football match on 8 November 2014 at Raia Sports Complex, Raia, Goa. It was the final match of the 2014 Durand Cup, the 127th season of the Durand Cup, a football competition for the Indian football system.

Salgaocar F.C. won the cup by defeating Pune F.C. 1–0.

Football in India
Association football is one of the most popular sports in India. According to a survey, 305 million Indians or around 21% of the Indians are football fans. Association football is the most popular sport in some Indian states, like Assam, Goa, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya and West Bengal. In Odisha, field hockey is number one. In the other Indian states, cricket is the main sport.

The 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup was the first FIFA event the country hosted. It was called the most successful FIFA U-17 World Cup ever, with a record-breaking attendance of 1,347,133, exceeding China's record of 1,230,976 from 1985. India also hosted the 2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup and bid to host the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup.

The Indian national football team qualified for the 1950 FIFA World Cup but did not participate.
Secretariat of Labour, Employment and Social Security (Argentina)
The Secretariat of Labour, Employment and Social Security (Spanish: Secretaría de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social) is a secreariat and former ministry of the Argentine Government tasked with overseeing the country's public policies on labour conditions, employment and social security. It was established in December 1943.

It proposes, designs, elaborates, administers and supervises the policies in all that is inherent to the relations and individual and collective conditions of work, to the legal regime of collective bargaining and of the professional associations of workers and employers, to employment, job training and social security. In addition, it was informally tasked with overseeing the government's relationship with Argentina's trade unions.

The secretariat is under the guidance of Ministry of Human Capital since its inception in 2023.

Trade unions in Argentina
Trade unions in Argentina have traditionally played a strong role in the politics of the nation. The largest trade union association, the Confederación General del Trabajo has been a force since the 1930s, and approximately 40% of workers in the formal economy are unionized.
Death by Chocolate
Death by Chocolate is a colloquial descriptive or marketing term for various cakes and desserts that feature chocolate, especially dark chocolate or cocoa as the primary ingredient. The phrase is trademarked in some countries, and the dessert is a signature dish of Bennigan's restaurants in the United States.

Cocoa solids
Dry cocoa solids are the components of cocoa beans remaining after cocoa butter, the fatty component of the bean, is extracted from chocolate liquor, roasted cocoa beans that have been ground into a liquid state. Cocoa butter is 46% to 57% of the weight of cocoa beans and gives chocolate its characteristic melting properties. Cocoa powder is the powdered form of the dry solids with a small remaining amount of cocoa butter. Untreated cocoa powder is bitter and acidic. Dutch process cocoa has been treated with an alkali to neutralize the acid.

Cocoa powder contains flavanols, amounts of which are reduced if the cocoa is subjected to acid-reducing alkalization.

Other definitions of cocoa solids, especially legal ones, include all cocoa ingredients (cocoa mass, cocoa powder and cocoa butter). In this case, cocoa solids without cocoa butter are specified as non-fat cocoa solids.
James M. Brown (attorney)
James McElwain Brown (December 9, 1941 – September 8, 2023) was an American trial attorney in private practice in Salem, Oregon, who served as Oregon Attorney General from 1980 to 1981. He was a Democrat.

Born in St. Paul, Minnesota, Brown attended American University before graduating Willamette University magna cum laude with a B.A. in 1964, and Yale Law School with an LL.B. in 1967, being admitted to the Oregon bar the same year.

He served as a Deputy District Attorney from 1970 to 1972, and as District Attorney from 1972 to 1977, in Benton County, Oregon.  He was Counsel to the Governor of Oregon (1977–1979) and Assistant Attorney General (1979–1980), before being appointed as state Attorney General in 1980.

Brown died after a brief illness in San Jose, Costa Rica, on September 8, 2023, at the age of 81.

Governor of Oregon
The governor of Oregon is the head of government of Oregon and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The title of governor was also applied to the office of Oregon's chief executive during the provisional and U.S. territorial governments.

The current governor of Oregon is Tina Kotek, who took office on January 9, 2023. The governor's salary as of 2018 is $98,600.
2010 Kremlin Cup
The 2010 Kremlin Cup was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 21st edition of the Kremlin Cup for the men (15th edition for the women) and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2010 ATP World Tour, and of the Premier Series of the 2010 WTA Tour. It was held at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia, from 18 October through 24 October 2010. Viktor Troicki and Victoria Azarenka won the singles title.

Olympic Stadium (Moscow)
Olympic Stadium (Russian: Олимпийский стадион) (known locally as Olimpiyskiy) was an indoor arena located in Moscow, Russia. It was built for the 1980 Summer Olympics and, divided into two separated halls, hosted the basketball and boxing events. It was closed in March 2019, and was subsequently demolished in 2020 for the construction of a new complex.
Bulawayo Railway Museum
Bulawayo Railway Museum (established 1972) is a railway museum located at Bulawayo railway station in Zimbabwe that houses several exhibitions on the history of the railway system in Zimbabwe, formerly Rhodesia. Its oldest exhibits date back to 1897, and include Cecil Rhodes' personal railway coach. The museum is owned by National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ). Due to the severe shortage of rolling stock, some steam locomotives from the museum have, in the past, been refurbished and returned to service.

4-8-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-8-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels, eight powered and coupled driving wheels and two trailing wheels. This type of steam locomotive is commonly known as the Mountain type, though the New York Central Railroad used the name Mohawk for their 4-8-2s.
Rainer Blatt
Rainer Blatt (born 8 September 1952) is a German-Austrian experimental physicist. His research centres on the areas of quantum optics and quantum information. He and his team performed one of the first experiments to teleport atoms, the other was done at NIST in Boulder Colorado. The reports of both groups appeared back-to-back in Nature.

Austrian Academy of Sciences
The Austrian Academy of Sciences (German: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften; ÖAW) is a legal entity under the special protection of the Republic of Austria. According to the statutes of the Academy its mission is to promote the sciences and humanities in every respect and in every field, particularly in fundamental research.
Escribano Point Wildlife Management Area
Escribano Point Wildlife Management Area (EPWMA) contains 4,057 acres of salt marsh, shrub bog, and sandhill habitat fourteen miles north of Pensacola in Santa Rosa County, Florida.  In 2004, an initial 1,166 acres were acquired by the Florida Forever program and leased to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to establish the EPWMA.

Santa Rosa County, Florida
Santa Rosa County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2020, its population was 188,000. The county seat is Milton, which lies in the geographic center of the county. Other major communities within Santa Rosa County are Navarre, Pace, and Gulf Breeze. Navarre is the most populated community with a population of approximately 45,000 residents. Santa Rosa County is included in the Pensacola metropolitan area, which also includes Escambia County.
Trobbiani
Trobbiani is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Marcelo Trobbiani (born 1955), Argentine footballer and manager

Matt Trobbiani, Australian video game developer

Pablo Trobbiani (born 1976), Argentine footballer and manager

Marcelo Trobbiani
Marcelo Antonio Trobbiani Ughetto (born 17 February 1955 in Casilda, Santa Fe) is an Argentine football coach and a former player, who played as an attacking midfielder. He currently works as the manager of River Ecuador in Ecuador.
The Corner (album)
The Corner is the fourth compilation album released by the Oakland, California-based, underground hip hop collective, Hieroglyphics.  The album was released on September 20, 2005 by the group's own independent record label, Hieroglyphics Imperium Recordings.

Tajai
Tajai Massey, known mononymously as Tajai (/tɑːˈʒeɪ/ tah-ZHAY; born April 21, 1975), is an American rapper and producer. He is one of the four founding members of the Oakland, California-based underground hip hop group Souls of Mischief and, with Souls of Mischief, a part of the eight-person, alternative hip hop collective Hieroglyphics. He is also one half of the hip hop duo Rap Noir.
Hussong
Hussong is a German surname. It comes from the French name Husson (a hypocorism of the Old French personal name Hue or Hugues, itself a variant of the Germanic Hugo, which originates from the Proto-Germanic word hug-, meaning "heart", "mind", "spirit"). Notable people with the surname include:

Christin Hussong (born 1994), German athlete

Friedrich Hussong (1878–1943), German journalist

Günther Hussong (1948–2025), German poet

Johann Hussong (1863–1928), German businessman who established Hussong's

Stefan Hussong (born 1965), German classical accordionist and professor

Christin Hussong
Christin Hussong (born 17 March 1994) is a German track and field athlete who competes in the javelin throw. She has won gold at the 2011 World Youth Championships, 2015 European U23 Championships and at the 2018 European Championships. Hussong holds the European Championships record with her personal best throw of 69.19 m.

She is a member of LAZ Zweibrücken's track and field squad and is coached by her father, Udo Hussong.
Agia Theodoti
Agia Theodoti (Greek: Αγία Θεοδότη) is a settlement on the island Ios in the regional unit of Thira, in the region of South Aegean, according to the Kallikratis reform. Prior to the Kallikratis and the Kapodistrias reforms, it belonged to the province of Thira in the prefecture of Cyclades, in the geographical group of Aegean Islands.

South Aegean
The South Aegean (Greek: Περιφέρεια Νοτίου Αιγαίου, romanized: Periféreia Notíou Aigaíou [periˈferia noˈtiu eˈʝeu]) is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. It consists of the Cyclades and Dodecanese island groups in the central and southeastern Aegean Sea.
Halal-TV
Halal-TV was a Swedish television show, based on the Dutch show De Meiden van Halal. The program was hosted by three Swedish muslim women who interviewed members of the public on a wide range of subjects through an islamic lens. The show's run consisted of seven episodes and a special debate episode. The program was broadcast on SVT2 in the fall of 2008.

The program sparked controversy before the first episode had been broadcast. Cherin Awad, one of the hosts, had made a statement in the show Existens five years earlier which some interpreted as her condoning stoning because of sexual infidelity.

Another controversy emerged when author Carl Hamilton appeared for an interview and insisted on shaking the presenter's hands. Two of the hosts refused, as it would have violated their religious beliefs. This sparked a heated discussion between Hamilton and the hosts which was later published by SVT.

SVT2
SVT2 (SVT Två; commonly referred to as Tvåan) is one of the two main television channels broadcast by Sveriges Television in Sweden.

Launched in 1969 by Sveriges Radio, the channel was until the 1990s the most watched in Sweden but now serves as SVT's specialist television network, carrying more highbrow and minority programming compared to the more mainstream SVT1.
Parafomoria cistivora
Parafomoria cistivora is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in the western Mediterranean region.

The length of the forewings is 2.3-2.6 mm for males and 2.1-2.6 mm for females. Adults are on wing from the end of August to the end of October. There is probably one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Cistus ladanifer, Cistus laurifolius, Cistus monspeliensis, Cistus populifolius and Cistus salviifolius. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Cistus monspeliensis
Cistus monspeliensis is a species of rockrose known by the common name Montpellier cistus or narrow-leaved cistus. It is native to southern Europe and northern Africa, in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecosystems of matorral—maquis shrublands.
Moriggl
Moriggl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barbara Moriggl (born 1982), Italian cross-country skier

Josef Moriggl (1841–1908), Austrian master woodcarver and teacher

Thomas Moriggl (born 1981), Italian cross-country skier

Josef Moriggl
Josef Moriggl (1841–1908) was a master woodcarver and teacher whose work covered both religious and folk themes. Examples of his intricately detailed carvings, sculptures, and furniture can be found today in churches and private collections, mainly in his native Austria but also abroad.
Tytherington railway station
Tytherington railway station served the village of Tytherington in South Gloucestershire. The station was on the Yate to Thornbury branch line that was opened by the Midland Railway in 1872. The station was designed by the Midland Railway company architect John Holloway Sanders.

Tytherington was a small station with a single platform on a single track section of the line. There was a single-storey wooden building. The station was closed to passengers with the rest of the line in 1944, but remained open for goods traffic until 1963. In mid 2013, the line beyond Yate Middle Jn was signed 'Out of Use' by Network Rail due to the quarry being mothballed and rail traffic having ceased.. The line has since been reinstated with regular freight workings from Tytherington Quarry to Calvert and Didcot

The station building has now been demolished, but the station master's house remains in residential use.

Thornbury branch line
The Thornbury branch line is a railway line from Yate to Thornbury in the West of England. From 1963 until mid 2013, it remained as a freight route, serving the quarry at Tytherington. It was designated 'Out of Use (temporary)' by Network Rail from 2013 until 2017, when it reopened to serve Tytherington quarry again.
The 7+1⁄2-mile (12.1 km) branch of the Midland Railway line between Bristol and Gloucester opened on 2 September 1872, and started at Yate and finished at Thornbury, with stops at Iron Acton and Tytherington.
Canthon indigaceus
Canthon indigaceus is a species of dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae.

The IUCN conservation status of Canthon indigaceus is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival.

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
Franco-Turkish War (1798–1801)
The Franco-Turkish War (1798–1801) was a conflict between Revolutionary France and the Ottoman Empire, forming a part of the wider French Revolutionary Wars. It began with the French invasion of Egypt under Napoleon Bonaparte but lasted until 1802. Its other fronts included Palestine, Syria, Albania, the Ionian Islands, Sicily and mainland Italy. The Ottomans also allied themselves with the Russian Empire and Great Britain.

Damietta
Damietta (Dumyāṭ [domˈjɑːtˤ]) is a port city and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt. It is located at the Damietta branch, an eastern distributary of the Nile Delta, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Mediterranean Sea, and about 200 kilometres (120 mi) north of Cairo. The city was a Catholic bishopric and is a multiple titular see. Damietta is also a member of the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities.
Castello di Amorosa
Castello di Amorosa is a winery located near Calistoga, California. The winery opened to the public in April 2007, as the project of a fourth-generation vintner, Dario Sattui, who also owns and operates the V. Sattui Winery named after his great-grandfather, Vittorio Sattui, who originally established a winery in San Francisco in 1885 after emigrating from Italy to California.

The winery property was once part of an estate owned by Edward Turner Bale. In 1993, Sattui purchased 171 acres (69 ha) for $3.2 million, then spent another $40 million to construct the castle, outbuildings, and the winery inside the castle; construction work began in 1995.

During the Glass Fire that began on September 27, 2020, the farmhouse suffered major damage, the entire 2020 vintage of the wine Fantasia was lost, but the castle was left unharmed.

Edward Turner Bale
Edward Turner Bale (1810 – October 9, 1849), later known by his Spanish name Don Eduardo A. Bale, was a British-born Californian physician, entrepreneur, and ranchero. He is known for having built the Bale Grist Mill in Napa County, California.
Upper Guinea Creoles
Upper Guinea Creoles can refer to:

Guinea-Bissau Creole — Creole spoken in Guinea-Bissau

Cape Verdean Creole — Creole spoken in Cape Verde

Also related

Portuguese-based creole languages — creole languages with Portuguese as the lexifier language

Cape Verdean Creole
Cape Verdean Creole is a Portuguese-based creole language spoken on the islands of Cape Verde. It is the native creole language of virtually all Cape Verdeans and is used as a second language by the Cape Verdean diaspora.

The creole has particular importance for creolistics studies since it is the oldest living creole. It is the most widely spoken Portuguese-based creole language.