hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philip A. Vernon
Philip Anthony "Tony" Vernon (born 1950) is a Canadian psychologist. He is a professor and intelligence researcher. Vernon is the former editor-in-chief of the scientific journal Personality and Individual Differences and formerly sat on the editorial board of Intelligence and the board of directors of the International Society for the Study of Individual Differences (ISSID).

Intelligence
Intelligence (/ˌɪntɛlɪˈdʒəns/) has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s. Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.

Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in the cognition of non-human animals. Some researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial.
Merv Cross
Mervyn John Cross OAM (3 July 1941 – 25 August 2023) was an Australian rugby league footballer and orthopaedic surgeon. He played in Australia's major competition the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) but Cross, a doctor, was better known for his achievements in the field of sports medicine as an orthopaedic surgeon.

New South Wales Rugby League
The New South Wales Rugby League Ltd (NSWRL) is an Australian rugby league football competition operator in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory and is a member of the Australian Rugby League Commission.

It was registered on 21 December 1983 and succeeded the New South Wales Rugby Football League which had been formed in Sydney on 8 August 1907. The NSWRFL and then NSWRL operated the premier rugby league club competitions for Sydney, then New South Wales and then Australia from 1908 to 1994. The organisation administers the New South Wales rugby league team for State of Origin.
Apalachee River (Alabama)
The Apalachee River is a distributary river in Baldwin County, Alabama that forms part of the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta. It branches off from the Tensaw River at 30°44′36″N 87°55′55″W﻿ / ﻿30.74333°N 87.93194°W﻿ / 30.74333; -87.93194.  From there it flows southward for approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) before emptying into Mobile Bay at 30°39′39″N 87°57′31″W﻿ / ﻿30.66074°N 87.95860°W﻿ / 30.66074; -87.95860. Apalachee comes from the Hitchiti word apalahchi, which means "on the other side".

Mikasuki language
Mikasuki, Hitchiti-Mikasuki, or Hitchiti is a language or a pair of dialects or closely related languages that belong to the Muskogean languages family. As of 2014, Mikasuki was spoken by around 290 people in southern Florida. Along with the Cow Creek Seminole dialect of Muscogee, it is also known as Seminole. It is spoken by members of the Miccosukee tribe and of the Seminole Tribe of Florida. The extinct Hitchiti was a mutually intelligible dialect of or the ancestor of Mikasuki.
Shah Jahan Begum of Bhopal
Shahjahan Begum GCSI CI (29 July 1838 – 16 June 1901) was the Nawab Begum of Bhopal (the ruler of the Islamic principality of Bhopal in central India) for two periods: 1844–60 (her mother acting as regent), and secondly during 1868–1901.

Central India
Central India refers to a geographical region of India that generally includes the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.

The Central Zonal Council, established by the Government of India, includes these states as well as Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand to the north. The inclusion of Uttarakhand extends the region to the Himalayan border with Tibet/China.
2021 Furesø municipal election
Following the 2009 election, only Ole Bondo Christensen had been mayor of Furesø Municipality. In the 2017 election, they had won 10 seats, one short on an absolute majority, but he still managed to get a majority to support him.

In this election, the Social Democrats would lose 2 seats. On the other end, the Conservatives managed to become the largest party of the traditional blue bloc for the first time in the municipality's history.  However Ole Bondo Christensen would find a majority supporting him being mayor for a fourth term.

2009 Danish local elections
Local elections were held in Denmark on 17 November 2009. Councils were elected in Denmark's 98 municipalities and the five regions. 2468 seats were contested in the municipal elections (previous election: 2522 seats). 205 seats were contested in the regional elections.
Hutchinson metric
In mathematics, the Hutchinson metric otherwise known as Kantorovich metric is a function which measures "the discrepancy between two images for use in fractal image processing" and "can also be applied to describe the similarity between DNA sequences expressed as real or complex genomic signals".

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
Baby, I Couldn't See
Baby, I Couldn't See was a 1969 single for The Foundations. It enjoyed some popularity in the Netherlands there where it was a chart hit. It has been recorded by a number of other artists in the early 1970s which include, a number of South American acts, a Mexican band, and a New Zealand band.

John Macleod (songwriter)
John Macleod (sometimes spelled McLeod) is a Canadian-born English songwriter and musician. he co-wrote the hits "Baby, Now That I've Found You" for The Foundations, "Let the Heartaches Begin for Long John Baldry, "Heaven Knows I'm Missing Him Now" and many more.
Astra Films
Astra Films was a British film production and distribution company of the silent era. It was set up in Leeds following the First World War by the film director Herbert Wilcox, his younger brother Charles Wilcox and H.W. Thompson, a leading figure in film distribution in the North of England. After the company's initial success, Wilcox left the firm to set up on his own and rose to become one of the most successful independent producer-directors in the world. After a merger the company released films under the name Astra-National.

While smaller than the leading British studios Ideal Films and Stoll Pictures, it was an important producer of films before the Slump of 1924. As was common during the era, many of the same writers, directors and a stock company of actors worked on various different films for the company. After Herbert Wilcox left the company, the majority of films were directed by Kenelm Foss and featured stars such as Mary Odette, Lionelle Howard and Roy Travers.

Repertory theatre
A repertory theatre, also called repertory, rep, true rep or stock, which are also called producing theatres, is a theatre in which a resident company presents works from a specified repertoire, usually in alternation or rotation.
Celebrity Treasure Island 2022
Celebrity Treasure Island 2022 is the sixth celebrity edition and the 12th season overall of the New Zealand reality-television series Treasure Island which returned to Ngataki, Northland, New Zealand. This season premiered on 5 September, and aired weekly, Monday to Wednesday, at 7:30 PM on TVNZ 2 and TVNZ+; hosted by Matt Chisholm and Bree Tomasel. One of the twenty-one celebrities won a grand prize of $100,000 for their chosen charity.

Jesse Tuke won the treasure hunt on Day 27 and took $100,000 for Live Ocean. Courtney Louise and Elvis Lopeti were the other two finalists. This season raised $205,000 across 14 various charities across New Zealand.

Va'aiga Tuigamala
Va'aiga Lealuga Tuigamala Pulelua Fesola'i MNZM (4 September 1969 – 24 February 2022), often known as Inga Tuigamala, was a professional rugby union and rugby league footballer. Born in Western Samoa, he represented New Zealand in rugby union, winning 19 caps, and later Samoa in both rugby league (two caps) and rugby union (23 caps). He played in one rugby league and two rugby union World Cups.

Tuigamala began his career in rugby union, and played provincially for Auckland. He changed codes from rugby union to rugby league, and became an integral part of the successful Wigan team of the 1990s. He returned to rugby union, winning English  championships with London Wasps and Newcastle Falcons.

A centre or wing, he was known as a powerful runner, much larger than most rugby wingers of the time.
Syla Swords
Syla Swords (born January 28, 2006) is a Canadian college basketball player for the Michigan Wolverines of the Big Ten Conference. She earned freshman All-American and All-Big Ten honours in 2025. Swords is also a member of the Canadian national team and was an Olympian in 2024.

Long Island Nets
The Long Island Nets are an American professional basketball team in the NBA G League based in Uniondale, New York, and are affiliated with the Brooklyn Nets. The team plays its home games at the Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale, New York. The Nets became the twelfth Development League team to be owned by an NBA team when it was announced in 2015.
Joseph Betts
Joseph Betts was an English mathematician. He held the Savilian Chair of Geometry at the University of Oxford in 1765.

Betts was an undergraduate and Fellow of University College, Oxford, where he was a tutor of William Jones. He had previously sought election as Savilian Professor of Astronomy with the support of the Earl of Lichfield, the Earl of Halifax, and the Earl of Bute. He thanked his patrons for that failed attempt in the dedication to an engraving of the annular solar eclipse of 1 April 1764.

George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax
George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax (6 October 1716 – 8 June 1771) was a British statesman of the Georgian era. Due to his success in extending commerce in the Americas, he became known as the "father of the colonies". President of the Board of Trade from 1748 to 1761, he aided the foundation of Nova Scotia, 1749, the capital Halifax being named after him. When Canada was ceded to the King of Great Britain by the King of France, following the Treaty of Paris of 1763, he restricted its boundaries and renamed it "Province of Quebec".
Ebyakh
Ebyakh (Russian: Эбях; Yakut: Эбээх, Ebeex) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Kangalassky 2-y Rural Okrug of Srednekolymsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 228 kilometers (142 mi) from Srednekolymsk, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 504, of whom 249 were male and 255 female, the same as was recorded during the 2002 Census.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Jatlan
Jatlan (Urdu: جاتلاں) is a bazaar that was once a village located on the northern bank of the Upper Jhelum Canal in the administrative region of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. As of the most recent data available, Jatlan has a population of approximately 2,214 residents.

Jatlan, was at the epicentre of the 2019 Kashmir earthquake, a seismic event of magnitude 6 Mww. This earthquake resulted in substantial damage to the village's infrastructure and caused widespread disruption to the lives of its residents.

Jatlan has several notable sites, including the Jatlan Head, a construction dating back to the British colonial period. The structure stands as a tangible testament to the architectural and engineering styles prevalent during the British colonial rule in the region.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Pătrașcu
Pătrașcu is a Romanian-language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bogdan Pătrașcu (born 1979), Romanian footballer

Cerasela Pătraşcu (born 1992), Romanian artistic gymnast

Florin Pătrașcu (born 1986), Romanian footballer

Mihai Pătrașcu (disambiguation), multiple people

Nicolae Pătrașcu (1580 – 1627), titular Prince of Wallachia

Pătrașcu cel Bun (?–1557), ruler of Wallachia

Pătrașcu the Good
Pătrașcu the Good (Romanian: Pătrașcu cel Bun), (? – 24 December 1557) was a ruler of the principality of Wallachia, between 1554 and 24 December 1557, one of many rulers of Wallachia during the 16th century. A member of the House of Drăculești, he was the son of Radu Paisie.
2023–24 Eredivisie (women)
The 2023–24 Eredivisie Vrouwen, known as Azerion Vrouwen Eredivisie for sponsorship reasons, is the fourteenth season of the Netherlands women's professional football league. Twente won the league title. The season saw FC Utrecht rejoin the league, which expanded to 12 teams. Tessa Wullaert of Fortuna Sittard was the leading goal scorer and was named the player of the year. Lily Yohannes of Ajax received the Talent of the Year award.

AFC Ajax (women)
AFC Ajax Vrouwen is a Dutch football club from Amsterdam representing AFC Ajax in the Vrouwen Eredivisie, the top women's league in the Netherlands. The team was founded in 2012 and played its first three seasons in the BeNe League before the Eredivisie re-formed. The club won its first title in its second season, winning the domestic KNVB Cup in the 2013–14 season. Ajax won its first two Eredivisie titles in back-to-back seasons in 2016–17 and 2017–18. It won its third title in the 2022–23 season. The best performance in the UEFA Women's Champions League came in the 2023–24 competition, when it finished second in the group stage before losing in the quarterfinals, the first Dutch club to reach that stage. After a third place finish in the 2024–25, Ajax qualified for the inaugural UEFA Women's Europa Cup.
Kapil Krishna Thakur
Kapil Krishna Thakur (1940–2014) was an Indian politician. He hailed from Thakurnagar in West Bengal.

He was elected to the 16th Lok Sabha in the 2014 Indian general election from Bangaon (Lok Sabha constituency), West Bengal, as an All India Trinamool Congress candidate. But he died just a few months into his term.

He was a graduate of the University of Calcutta. He was the eldest son of Matua Boro Maa Binapani Devi and the sanghadhipati of Matua Mahasangha. Majulkrishna Thakur, who is also a politician, is his younger brother.

He died at Kolkata on 13 October 2014, after being ill for sometime.

Matua Mahasangha
The Matuaism (Bengali: মতুয়া মহাসংঘ) is a Hindu reform movement that originated around 1860 AD in modern-day Bangladesh. Today, it has a considerable number of adherents both in Bangladesh and in West Bengal, India.

The Matua movement originated among the Namasudras, an avarna (outcaste) community of Bengali Hindus, founded by the followers of Harichand Thakur. The teachings of Harichand, also known as Matuaism, emphasise the importance of education for the upliftment of the population, while also providing a formula for ending social conflict.

Members of the Matua Mahasangha believe in Swayam-Dikshiti ("Self-Realisation") through harinaam, the chanting of the holy name of Hari (God). Harichand stressed the congressional chanting of God's name as the sole means to mukti (liberation). In Bengali, this is known as hariname matoara, giving rise to the name "Matua".
Louis Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg
Louis Henry of Nassau-Dillenburg (9 May 1594 in Saarbrücken – 12 July 1662 in Dillenburg), was Count, and from 1654 Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg. During the Thirty Years' War, he was a senior officer. He climbed to the rank of Major General. Before 1635, he served on the Protestant side; after 1635, he served in the imperial army.

Prince
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. Prince is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The female equivalent is a princess. The English word derives, via the French word prince, from the Latin noun prīnceps, from primus (first) and caput (head), meaning "the first, foremost, the chief, most distinguished, noble ruler, prince".

In a related sense, now not commonly used, all more or less sovereign rulers over a state, including kings, were "princes" in the language of international politics. They normally had another title, for example king or duke. Many of these were Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
Grand Lodge of Connecticut
The Grand Lodge of Ancient Free & Accepted Masons of the State of Connecticut is the main governing body of Freemasonry in the U.S. state of Connecticut as recognized by the United Grand Lodge of England.  The Grand Lodge of Connecticut is headquartered at Wallingford, Connecticut.

Pierpont Edwards
Pierpont Edwards (April 8, 1750 – April 5, 1826) was a delegate to the Congress of the Confederation and was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut.
Executive Mansion (Virginia)
The Virginia Governor's Mansion, better known as the Executive Mansion, is located in Richmond, Virginia, on Capitol Square and serves as the official residence of the governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Designed by Alexander Parris, it is the oldest occupied governor's mansion in the United States.  It has served as the home of Virginia governors and their families since 1813. This mansion is both a Virginia and a National Historic Landmark and has had a number of renovations and expansions during the 20th century.

Adjacent and immediately north of Capitol Square is the Court End neighborhood, which houses the White House of the Confederacy. During the Civil War, the Virginia State Capitol, also in Richmond, housed offices of the Confederacy. Tours of the mansion are offered several days a week.

Virginia Landmarks Register
The Virginia Landmarks Register (VLR) is a list of historic properties in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The state's official list of important historic sites, it was created in 1965, by the General Assembly in the Code of Virginia. The Register serves the same purpose as the National Register of Historic Places. The nomination form for any Virginia site listed on the VLR is sent forward to the National Park Service for consideration for listing on the National Register.

The Virginia Landmarks Register is maintained by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.
Finland–Norway relations
Finland–Norway relations are the foreign relations between Finland and Norway. The states share the Finland-Norway border.

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1917, after Finland's independence. Finland has an embassy in Oslo. Norway has an embassy in Helsinki.

For some decades surrounding 1900, many in Norway feared the Finnish immigration and Kven people in Northern Norway, coining the term "the Finnish danger". For a period, interests in Norway wanted to annex parts of Lapland (most notably the "arm" protruding from the north-west and into Storfjord Municipality) as buffer zones. The controversy around Finns in Norway subsided over time, and the land claim never evolved into open conflict.

Both countries are full members of the Nordic Council, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO and of the Council of Europe.

Council of the Baltic Sea States
The Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) is a regional intergovernmental organisation working on three priority areas: regional identity; regional safety and security; regional sustainability and prosperity. 
These three priority areas aim to address the themes of sustainable development, environment, sustainable maritime economy, education, labour, culture, youth engagement, civil security, children's rights and trafficking in human beings.
Victor Stacey
Christianity portal

Victor George Stacey (19 March 1944 – 30 December 2020) was Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin from 2012 until 2016.

Stracey was educated at Kilkenny College, the National University of Ireland, Trinity College, Dublin and Queen's University Belfast; and ordained in 1973. He held curacies at Derriaghy then Knock. He was the incumbent at Ballymacarrett from 1979 to 1986; Santry, 1986 to 1994; and Dún Laoghaire from 1995 until his appointment as Dean.

Dún Laoghaire
Dún Laoghaire (/dʌn ˈlɪəri/ dun LEER-ee, Irish: [ˌd̪ˠuːn̪ˠ ˈl̪ˠeːɾʲə, - ˈl̪ˠiːɾʲə]) is a suburban coastal town in County Dublin in Ireland. It is the administrative centre of the county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown. The town was built up alongside a small existing settlement following 1816 legislation that allowed the building of a major port to serve Dublin. It was known as Dunleary in the English language, until it was renamed Kingstown in honour of King George IV's 1821 visit, and in 1920 was given its present name, which is the original Irish form from which "Dunleary" was anglicised. Over time, the town became a residential location, a seaside resort, the terminus of Ireland's first railway and the administrative centre of the former borough of Dún Laoghaire, and from 1994, of the county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown.
Inanna Publications
Inanna Publications and Education Inc. is a Canadian book publisher based in Toronto, Ontario. Inanna publishes women's writing, including a journal, literary fiction, poetry, and academic books. Inanna's books are on a wide variety of feminist topics accessible to the largest possible community of women. Inanna "is bucking the trend – and flourishing." Most of Inanna Publications' books are collected at Harvard Library. Inanna's writers have won several Independent Publisher Book Awards and Canadian Jewish Book Awards, and have been shortlisted for the League of Canadian Poets's Raymond Souster Award, the Western Mail (Wales) Book of the Year, the Lambda Literary Foundation awards, and have been among the Toronto Book Award finalists.

League of Canadian Poets
The League of Canadian Poets (LCP), founded in 1966, is a national non-profit arts service organization based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The organization acts as the national association of professional and aspiring poets in Canada. The League counts Lillian Allen, John Barton, bill bissett, Phil Hall, Susan McCaslin, Erín Moure, Gay Allison, Micheline Maylor and Margaret Atwood among its membership; it provides funding for poetry readings and competitions, hosts an annual AGM, runs a series of awards, and publishes an electronic newsletter.