hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kothari Commission
National Education Commission (1964-1966), popularly known as Kothari Commission, was an ad hoc commission set up by the Government of India to examine all aspects of the educational sector in India, to develop a general pattern of education, and to recommend guidelines and policies for the development of education in India. It was formed on 14 July 1964 under the chairmanship of Daulat Singh Kothari, then chairman of the University Grants Commission. The terms of reference of the commission was to formulate the general principles and guidelines for the development of education from primary level to the highest and advise the government on a standardized national pattern of education in India. However, the medical and legal studies were excluded from the purview of the commission. The tenancy of the commission was from 1964 to 1966 and the report was submitted by the commission on 29 June 1966.

Jayant Pandurang Naik
Jayant Pandurang Naik, also known as J. P. Naik (5 September 1907 – 30 August 1981) was an Indian educator.

A great humanist, freedom fighter, polymath, encyclopedic thinker and socialist educationist. Recognized by the UNESCO alongside Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi as three pioneering educationists, J.P. Naik is also known as an institution maker. Born at very small town in Kolhapur district Bahirewadi, Taluka-Ajara.

He founded the Indian Institute of Education in 1948.

He served as Member Secretary of the Indian Education Commission from 1964 to 1966.

He also was Educational Adviser to the Government of India.
Filipa Areosa
Filipa Areosa (born 1990) is a Portuguese film and television actress, best known for her appearances in TV series, including O Mundo ao Contrario (2013), Morangos com Açucar (2012), Os Filhos do Rock, Aqui Tão Longe(2016), Mar Salgado(2014–2015) and Nazaré (telenovela) (2019-2020). She also has made appearances in films, including Morangos Com Açucar – O Filme, A Uma Hora Incerta and other short movies.

Morangos com Açúcar
Morangos com Açúcar (lit. Strawberries with Sugar; distributed internationally as Sweet Strawberries) is a Portuguese teen drama. It was broadcast daily on the Portuguese TV station TVI between 30 August 2003 to 15 September 2012. The Portuguese show has also been broadcast in Angola, Syria, Brazil, Romania and Galicia. Based on the early years of the Brazilian series Malhação.
Annamalai Ramanathan
Annamalai Ramanathan (29 August 1946 – 12 March 1993) was an Indian mathematician in the field of algebraic geometry, who introduced the notion of Frobenius splitting of algebraic varieties jointly with Vikram Bhagvandas Mehta in (Mehta & Ramanathan 1985). The notion of Frobenius splitting led to the solution of many classical problems, in particular a proof of the Demazure character formula and results on the equations defining Schubert varieties in general flag manifolds.

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) is a research Institute under the Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India. It is a public deemed university located at Navy Nagar, Colaba in Mumbai. It also has centres in Bangalore, Pune and Hyderabad. TIFR conducts research primarily in the natural sciences, the biological sciences and theoretical computer science.
Zhan'erxiang
Zhan'erxiang is a town of Liangdang County, Gansu, China, located around 20 kms from Liangdang's county seat. In 2008 it had a population of 3,944. Liangdang railway station, which opened in 1955, is the only station in Liangdang handling passengers.

In 1962 it was established as Zhan'erxiang commune, in 1983 it became a township and in 2003 it received its current town status.

Locals cultivate morchella and matsutake mushrooms, Chinese herbal medicine and engage in aquaculture.

Liangdang County
Liangdang County (simplified Chinese: 两当县; traditional Chinese: 兩當縣; pinyin: Liǎngdāng Xiàn) is a county under the administration of Longnan City, in the southeast of Gansu Province of China. It has a land area of 1,374 km2 (531 sq mi), and a population of 50,000 in 2004. The postal code is 742400. The county seat is located in Chengguan Town. In 2017 it was the poorest county in Gansu.

Liangdang is best known in China for an April 1932 uprising launched by Xi Zhongxun, father of Xi Jinping.
Bambusa tulda
Bambusa tulda, or Indian timber bamboo (alternatively spineless Indian bamboo or Bengal bamboo), is considered to be one of the most useful of bamboo species. It is native to the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, Tibet, and Yunnan, and naturalized in Iraq, Puerto Rico, and parts of South America.

B. tulda is used extensively by the paper pulp industry in India. It can grow to a height of 15 m and a thickness of 8 cm. The single most important fact about Bambusa tulda is its incredible tensile strength; up to 60,000 pounds (27,000 Kg) per square inch.  It is commonly found in southeastern Asia.

Pulp (paper)
Pulp is a fibrous lignocellulosic material prepared by chemically, semi-chemically, or mechanically isolating the cellulosic fibers of wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags. Mixed with water and other chemicals or plant-based additives, pulp is the major raw material used in papermaking and the industrial production of other paper products.
Shouting Secrets
Shouting Secrets is a 2011 independent film directed by Korinna Sehringer. It premiered at Hollis Cinemas 4 in downtown Globe, Arizona, on September 13, 2011.

The film has been nominated for and won numerous awards, including Best Feature Film at the Rhode Island International Film Festival.

Globe, Arizona
Globe (Western Apache: Bésh Baa Gowąh "Place of Metal") is a city in and the county seat of Gila County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 7,249. Globe was founded c. 1875 as a mining camp. Mining, tourism, government and retirees are most important in the present-day Globe economy.

The Globe Downtown Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
Keibel Gutiérrez
Keibel Gutiérrez Torna (born May 6, 1987) is a volleyball player from Cuba, who plays as a libero for the Men's National Team. He won the award for "Best Receiver" at the first 2008 Olympic Qualification Tournament in Düsseldorf, where Cuba ended up in second place and missed qualification for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, P.R. China.

Cuba men's national volleyball team
The Cuba men's national volleyball team (Spanish: Selección masculina de voleibol de Cuba) represents Cuba in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches, governed by Federación Cubana De Voleibol. Cuba in the 1976 Summer Olympics won their first bronze medal. In FIVB competitions, the national team won one gold each at World Cup, World Grand Champions Cup, World League and Challenger Cup. Cuba also attained two silver and two bronze World Championship medals and have won the NORCECA Championship 15 times with a 6-peat record.
Stormy Sea (Nolde)
Stormy Sea is a watercolor landscape painting by German painter Emil Nolde, executed in 1930. It has the dimensions of 34 by 45 cm. The painting is held in the collection of the Sprengel Museum, in Hanover, Germany.

Emil Nolde
Emil Nolde (born Hans Emil Hansen; 7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956) was a German painter and printmaker. He was one of the first Expressionists, a member of Die Brücke, and was one of the first oil painting and watercolor painters of the early 20th century to explore color. He is known for his brushwork and expressive choice of colors. Golden yellows and deep reds appear frequently in his work, giving a luminous quality to otherwise somber tones. His watercolors include vivid, brooding storm-scapes and brilliant florals.

Nolde's intense preoccupation with the subject of flowers reflected his interest in the art of Vincent van Gogh.

Even though his art was included in the Entartete Kunst exhibition of 1937, Nolde was a member of the Nazi Party, with racist and antisemitic views, and a staunch supporter of Nazi Germany.
January 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
January 21 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 23

All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 4 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For January 22nd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 9.

Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Passages of Holy Scripture, saints and events for commemoration are associated with each date, as are many times special rules for fasting or feasting that correspond to the day of the week or time of year in relationship to the major feast days.

There are two types of feasts in the Orthodox Church calendar: fixed and movable. Fixed feasts occur on the same calendar day every year, whereas movable feasts change each year. The moveable feasts are generally relative to Pascha (Easter), and so the cycle of moveable feasts is referred to as the Paschal cycle.
Rex Stevenson
Rex Kenneth Stevenson AO (born 16 October 1942) is an Australian company director and former intelligence officer, who was the Director-General of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service from 1992 to 1998.

Born in Melbourne, Stevenson attended Northcote High School, and then studied a Bachelor of Arts with Honours and a Master of Arts at Monash University. His 1970 masters thesis, Cultivators and administrators: British educational policy towards the Malays, 1875–1906, was published as a book by Oxford University Press in 1975.

Stevenson began his career as an intelligence officer in 1973, and by 1990 he was the Deputy Director-General of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS). On 25 November 1992, he was promoted to acting Director-General and was officially appointed to the role two weeks later on 9 December.

After his retirement from ASIS in 1998, Stevenson co-founded the security consulting firms Signet Group and Spectrum Consultancy.

Australian Secret Intelligence Service
The Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS /ˈeɪsɪs/) is the foreign intelligence agency of the Commonwealth of Australia, responsible for gathering, processing, and analysing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence. The service was formed in 1952, however its existence remained secret within much of the government and to the public until 1972. ASIS is a primary entity of the Australian Intelligence Community.

ASIS is part of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) portfolio and has its headquarters in Canberra. Its director-general, currently Kerri Hartland, reports to the minister for foreign affairs. The service is comparable to the CIA (US) and MI6 (UK).
2-Bromobutane
2-Bromobutane is an isomer of 1-bromobutane.  Both compounds share the molecular formula C4H9Br.  2-Bromobutane is also known as sec-butyl bromide or methylethylbromomethane.  It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.  Because it contains bromine, a halogen, it is part of a larger class of compounds known as alkyl halides.  Because the carbon atom connected to the bromine is connected to two other carbons the molecule is referred to as a secondary alkyl halide. 2-Bromobutane is chiral and thus can be obtained as either of two enantiomers designated as (R)-(−)-2-bromobutane and (S)-(+)-2-bromobutane.

2-Bromobutane is relatively stable, but is toxic and flammable.  When treated with a strong base, it is prone to undergo an E2 reaction, which is a bimolecular elimination reaction, resulting in (predominantly) 2-butene, an alkene (double bond). 2-Bromobutane is an irritant, and harmful if ingested. It can irritate and burn skin and eyes.

Elimination reaction
An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 reaction.  The numbers refer not to the number of steps in the mechanism, but rather to the kinetics of the reaction: E2 is bimolecular (second-order) while E1 is unimolecular (first-order). In cases where the molecule is able to stabilize an anion but possesses a poor leaving group, a third type of reaction, E1CB,  exists.  Finally, the pyrolysis of xanthate and acetate esters proceed through an "internal" elimination mechanism, the Ei mechanism.
Valérie Lacroute
Valérie Lacroute (born 29 October 1965) is a French politician who represented Seine-et-Marne's 2nd constituency in the National Assembly of France from 2012 to 2020. She left Parliament in 2020 due to an accumulation of mandates and was replaced by her substitute Sylvie Bouchet Bellecourt.

Substitute (elections)
A substitute is a political candidate who is not directly elected, but who succeeds a politician holding an elected office after that person ceases to hold the office due to, for example, resignation or death. This system can be used to fill casual vacancies instead of holding by-elections or special elections to fill the vacant office. Substitutes are nominated, not at the time the vacancy arises but, rather, before the election for the information of voters. In voting systems which use electoral lists, the candidates on a given list who are not among those initially elected may become the substitutes for those who are. In other systems, individual candidates may have substitutes.
Pentarthrum huttoni
Pentarthrum huttoni is a species of wood boring weevil in family Curculionidae. It has a mainly nearctic distribution, but has also been reported from several European countries. It was first reported in Austria in 2006 when it was found to be the cause of disintegration of historically significant 18th century softwood coffins in the crypt of St. Michael's church in the center of Vienna.

These beetles prefer extremely high humidity (100%), and also prefer to attack wood that is already rotting. Most Central European records are from buildings.

Nearctic realm
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.

The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America that are not in the Nearctic realm include most of coastal Mexico, southern Mexico, southern Florida, coastal central Florida, Central America, Bermuda and the Caribbean islands. Together with South America, these regions are part of the Neotropical realm.
Lend (Graz)
Lend (German pronunciation: [lɛnt] ⓘ) is the 4th district of the Austrian city of Graz. It is located on the west bank of the Mur and north of the district Gries and west of the district Innere Stadt and the Schloßberg.

It has a population of 32,859 (in 2023) and covers an area of 3.7 square kilometres. The postal codes of Lend are 8020 and 8051.

Schlossberg (Graz)
The Schlossberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃlɔsbɛʁk] ⓘ, "Castle Hill") is a tree-clad hill and the site of a fortress in the centre of the city of Graz, Austria. The hill, at 473 metres (1,552 ft) above sea level, is now a public park and affords extensive views of the city. It is the site of several entertainment venues, cafés, and restaurants, and is managed by Holding Graz, the city-owned utility company.
Quitralco Fjord
Quitralco Fjord (Spanish: Estero Quitralco or Fiordo Quitralco) is a fjord in Aysén Region, Chile. The fjord from Moraleda Channel in the southwest to the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault in the northwest. Indeed, at the head of the fjord there is an underwater fault scarp of Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault. Mate Grande Volcano lies a few kilometers to the northeast of the fjord's head and Mount Hudson Volcano is visible from the fjord. There are hot springs along the fjord. Most of the near-shore vegetation is made op of ferns and bushes. Trees that grow around the fjord include Nothofagus dombeyi (coigüe) and Drimys winteri (canelo).

Drimys winteri
Drimys winteri, also known as Winter's bark, foye and canelo, is a slender species of tree in the family Winteraceae, growing up to 20 m (66 ft) tall. It is native to the Magellanic and Valdivian temperate forests of Chile and Argentina, where it is a dominant tree in the coastal evergreen forests. It is found below 1,200 m (3,900 ft) between latitude 32° south and Cape Horn at latitude 56°. In its southernmost natural range it can tolerate temperatures down to −20 °C (−4 °F). The plant is renowned for its phenotypic plasticity being able to grow in different sites from "extreme arid zones to wetlands along Chile". The tree does also grow in places with various types and degrees of competition from other plants.
1969 World Sportscar Championship
The 1969 World Sportscar Championship season was the 17th season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It featured the 1969 International Championship for Makes, which was a series for FIA Group 6 Prototype Sports Cars, Group 4 Sports Cars and Group 3 Grand Touring Cars and the 1969 International Cup for GT Cars, which was restricted to Group 3 Grand Touring Cars. The season ran from 1 February 1969 to 10 August 1969 and comprised 10 races.

Porsche won both the International Championship for Makes and the International Cup for GT Cars.

Group 4 (motorsport)
Group 4 referred to regulations for sportscars and grand touring (GT) cars used in racing and rallying, as regulated by the FIA. The group was introduced in 1954 and was replaced by Group B for the 1982 season.
Mulapeta Port
Mulapeta Port is an under-construction deep sea port located at Mulapeta in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The port is being constructed under the Andhra Pradesh Maritime Board, an organization of the Government of Andhra Pradesh. It is estimated that the construction cost of the port will more than ₹43 billion.

The port consist of  an artificial  harbour surrounded by breakwaters. Cargo will be handled through container berths, coal berths and multipurpose cargo berths located within the harbour. It will have a depth of 18 m (59 ft) and will be able to accommodate panamax and capsize vessels. According to a data from the Andhra Pradesh Maritime Board, the draft of the port will be around 16 m (52 ft), which accommodate 120,000 deadweight tonnage vessels at the harbour's jetties.

Capsizing
Capsizing or keeling over occurs when a boat or ship is rolled on its side or further by wave action, instability or wind force beyond the angle of positive static stability or it is upside down in the water. The act of recovering a vessel from a capsize is called righting. Capsize may result from broaching, knockdown, loss of stability due to cargo shifting or flooding, or in high speed boats, from turning too fast.

If a capsized vessel has enough flotation to prevent sinking, it may recover on its own in changing conditions or through mechanical work if it is not stable while inverted. Vessels of this design are called self-righting.
George Stephens (cricketer)
George William Stephens (26 April 1889 – 17 March 1950) was an English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket for Warwickshire from 1907 to 1925.

A middle-order batsman, Stephens also acted as county captain in several matches from 1912 to 1924, and was the official captain in 1919, when Warwickshire won one match and finished last. He made only 275 runs in the season at an average of 14.47. He was a more successful batsman in 1920 when he made his first century and scored 612 runs at 43.71. His highest score was 143, made in 120 minutes, against Gloucestershire in 1923. In 1925 against Derbyshire he shared a ninth-wicket partnership of 154 with Alfred Croom which remained the county record until 2009. Warwickshire had been 154 for 8; Stephens scored 121 in 120 minutes.

His twin brother, Frank, also played for Warwickshire. Both brothers played in Warwickshire's first County Championship victory in 1911 and later served on the Warwickshire committee.

Amateur sports
Amateur sports are sports in which participants engage largely or entirely without remuneration. The distinction is made between amateur sporting participants and professional sporting participants, who are paid for the time they spend competing and training. In the majority of sports which feature professional players, the professionals will participate at a higher standard of play than amateur competitors, as they can train full-time without the stress of having another job. The majority of worldwide sporting participants are amateurs.

Sporting amateurism was a zealously guarded ideal in the 19th century, especially among the upper classes, but faced steady erosion throughout the 20th century with the continuing growth of pro sports and monetisation of amateur and collegiate sports, and is now strictly held as an ideal by fewer and fewer organisations governing sports, even as they maintain the word "amateur" in their titles.
Felício dos Santos
Felício dos Santos is a Brazilian municipality located in the center-north of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 4,704 living in a total area of 358 km2 (138 sq mi). The city belongs to the statistical mesoregion of Jequitinhonha and to the statistical microregion of Diamantina. It became a municipality in 1962.

Microregions of Brazil
A microregion (Portuguese: Microrregião) was a legally defined area in Brazil consisting of a group of municipalities. They were abolished in 2017 and replaced by Intermediate and Immediate Geographic Regions. Microregions were grouped together into mesoregions. In theory, Brazilian law provided for member municipalities to cooperate on matters of common interest, but in practice, the divisions were used primarily for statistical purposes by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.
William Bennett Webster
William Bennett Webster (January 18, 1798 – April 4, 1861) was a medical doctor, amateur geologist and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented King's County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1855 to 1861.

He was born in Kentville, Nova Scotia, the son of Doctor Isaac Webster and Prudence Bentley. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, later returning to Kentville around 1822. In 1826, Webster married Wilhelmina Moore. He helped found the Nova Scotia Medical Society in 1854. He also laid out the plan for the main streets of Kentville. Webster died in office at Halifax at the age of 63. His geological collection was donated to the provincial museum.

Nova Scotia Museum
Nova Scotia Museum (NSM) is the corporate name for the 28 museums across Nova Scotia, Canada, and is part of the province's tourism infrastructure. The organization manages more than 200 historic buildings, living history sites, vessels, and specialized museums and about one million artifacts and specimens, either directly or through a system of co-operative agreements with societies and local boards. The NSM delivers programs, exhibits and products which provide both local residents and tourists in Nova Scotian communities an opportunity to experience and learn about Nova Scotia's social and natural history.  More than 600,000 people visit the facilities each year.
German submarine U-676
German submarine U-676 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 13 June 1942 at the Howaldtswerke yard at Hamburg, launched on 6 July 1943, and commissioned on 4 August 1943 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Werner Sass.

Attached to 5th U-boat Flotilla based at Kiel, U-676 completed her training period on 31 August 1944 and was assigned to front-line service.

Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft
Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (often abbreviated HDW) was a German shipbuilding company, headquartered in Kiel. It is now part of TKMS (ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems). The Howaldtswerke shipyard was founded in Kiel in 1838 and merged with Hamburg-based Deutsche Werft to form Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW) in 1968. The company's shipyard was formerly used by Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft until the end of World War II.