hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diphenidol
Diphenidol is a muscarinic antagonist employed as an antiemetic and as an antivertigo agent. It is not marketed in the United States or Canada.

Although the mechanism of action of diphenidol on the vestibular system has not yet been elucidated, it exerts an anticholinergic effect due to interactions with mACh receptors, particularly M1, M2, M3 and M4. Hence, its actions may take place at the vestibular nuclei, where a significant excitatory input is mediated by ACh receptors, and also at the vestibular periphery where mACh receptors are expressed at efferent synapses. A series of selective mACh-receptor antagonists based on the diphenidol molecule has been synthesized, but they have not yet been the subject of clinical trials.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-coupled receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells. They play several roles, including acting as the main end-receptor stimulated by acetylcholine released from postganglionic fibers. They are mainly found in the parasympathetic nervous system, but also have a role in the sympathetic nervous system in the control of sweat glands.

Muscarinic receptors are so named because they are more sensitive to muscarine than to nicotine. Their counterparts are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), receptor ion channels that are also important in the autonomic nervous system. Many drugs and other substances (for example pilocarpine and scopolamine) manipulate these two distinct receptors by acting as selective agonists or antagonists.
Chenna massacre
The Chenna massacre was a mass extrajudicial killing perpetrated by the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) in and around the village of Chenna Teklehaymanot in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, between 31 August and 4 September 2021.

The village is about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the town of Dabat in the North Gondar Zone of Amhara Region.

Tigray Defense Forces
The Tigray Defense Forces (TDF; Tigrinya: ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ትግራይ), colloquially called the Tigray Army (ሰራዊት ትግራይ), is a paramilitary organization located in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. It was founded by former generals of the Ethiopian military in 2020 to combat federal forces enforcing national government mandates in the Tigray region, culminating in the outbreak of the Tigray War that same year. The TDF has made use of guerilla tactics and strategies. Human rights groups including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have reported that the TDF has committed war crimes against civilians including gang rape and extrajudicial killing during their occupation of both the Afar and Amhara regions. According to the Ethiopian Ministry of Justice, TDF combatants have been found liable for upwards of 540 civilians casualties. as of 28 December 2021.
Celia Calle
Celia Calle is a Boston-born and New York City-based illustrator, fashion designer and comic book penciller. Educated at the Parsons School of Design, Calle began her career as a costume designer before eventually turning to illustration. Her illustration work has included the cover art for comic books such as Vertigo Comics' American Virgin (#15-#23), Virgin Comics' Walk-In and Seven Brothers,  and Marvel Comics' Mekanix. Other illustration credits include work with ESPN Magazine, Adidas, Nike and MTV Networks. Calle's illustrations were included in the first issue of IDW Publishing's magazine Swallow. She's currently working on an adaptation of Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights.

Liquid Comics
Liquid Comics is an Indian comic book publishing company, founded in 2006 as Virgin Comics LLC, which produces stories (many of which are Indian-culture related) for an international audience. The company was founded by Sir Richard Branson and his Virgin Group, author Deepak Chopra, filmmaker Shekhar Kapur, and entrepreneurs Sharad Devarajan, Suresh Seetharaman, and Gotham Chopra. In August 2008, the company restructured and relocated from New York to Los Angeles. On September 24, 2008, it was announced that Virgin Comics was renamed Liquid Comics after a management buyout.
2002 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 2002 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 2 May 2002 to elect members of Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council in South Yorkshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party stayed in overall control of the council.

Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley
The Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley is a metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England; the main settlement is Barnsley and other notable towns include Wombwell, Worsbrough, Penistone, Hoyland and the Dearne Towns.

The borough is bisected by the M1 motorway; it is rural to the west, and largely urban/industrial to the east. It is estimated that around 16% of the borough is classed as urban overall, with this area being home to the vast majority of its residents. Additionally, 68% of Barnsley's 32,863 hectares is green belt and 9% is national park land, the majority of which is west of the M1. In 2007, it was estimated that Barnsley had 224,600 residents, measured at the 2011 census as 231,221.

The neighbouring districts are Doncaster, Rotherham, Sheffield, High Peak, Kirklees and Wakefield.
Reusch
Reusch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christian Friedrich Reusch (1778–1848), East Prussian administrative lawyer

Franz Heinrich Reusch (1825–1900), German theologian

Friedrich Reusch (1843–1906), German sculptor

Hans Henrik Reusch (1852–1922), Norwegian geologist

Helga Marie Ring Reusch (1865–1944), Norwegian artist

Kina Reusch (1940–1988), Canadian artist

Michael Reusch (1914–1989), Swiss gymnast

Roman Reusch (born 1954), German politician

Ron Reusch, Canadian sports broadcaster

Michael Reusch
Michael Reusch (3 February 1914 – 6 April 1989) was a Swiss gymnast and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, where he received silver medals in parallel bars and team combined exercises. At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London he received a gold medal in parallel bars, and silver medals in rings and team combined exercises.  Additionally, he competed at the 1938 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships where he helped his Swiss team to the silver medal, won individual gold medals on the pommel horse, parallel bars, and horizontal bars apparatuses, and an individual silver medal on the rings apparatus.
Rhodoferax ferrireducens
Rhodoferax ferrireducens is a psychrotolerant bacterium from the genus  Rhodoferax,  which was isolated from the mud of Oyster Bay in Virginia.

It has been found to be capable of producing electricity as it feeds on sugars, as a component in a bacterial battery.

Biobattery
A biobattery is an energy storing device that is powered by organic compounds. Although the batteries have never been commercially sold, they are still being tested, and several research teams and engineers are working to further advance the development of these batteries.
Bong Spirit Vodka
Bong Spirit Vodka is a vodka brand, sold in a bottle shaped like a bong. It is made from European grain, distilled six times and filtered through four processes, using reverse osmosis and charcoal filtering. It is distributed in the United States by Southern Glazer's Wine and Spirits, and Republic National.

Southern Glazer's Wine and Spirits
Southern Glazer's Wine and Spirits, LLC is the largest wine and spirits distributor in the United States has operations in 47 U.S. markets and Canada, as well as brokerage operations through its Southern Glazer’s Travel Retail Sales & Export Division in the Caribbean, Central and South America. It was the 10th largest private company in the United States in 2022.
Levenslied
Levenslied (Dutch, literally "life song" or "song about life") is a sentimental Dutch-language subgenre of popular music. Levenslied lyrics can be sweet or bitter, light and sentimental, but also reflective and dark, about subjects such as love, misery and far-away, sunny, exotic holiday places. The darker, more sentimental songs are also known as "smartlap" ("sorrow bandage", or tearjerker). The levenslied is related to the chanson though for a lower-class audience, like the schlager.

A typical levenslied has catchy, simple rhythms and melodies and is built up in couplets and refrains. Traditional musical instruments in levenslied music are the accordion and the barrel organ. Modern levenslied artists also use synthesizers and guitars.

The songs are usually in Dutch but also English or Italian.

Three cities in the Netherlands, Breda, Tilburg and Nijmegen, have annual Levenslied festivals.

Couplet
In poetry, a couplet (/ˈkʌplət/ CUP-lət) or distich (/ˈdɪstɪk/ DISS-tick) is a pair of successive lines that rhyme and have the same metre. A couplet may be formal (closed) or run-on (open).  In a formal (closed) couplet, each of the two lines is end-stopped, implying that there is a grammatical pause at the end of a line of verse. In a run-on (open) couplet, the meaning of the first line continues to the second.
Truman Wesley Collins Legal Center
The Truman Wesley Collins Legal Center houses the Willamette University College of Law at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, United States. Located on Winter Street, just south of the Oregon State Capitol, the facility features classrooms, the law library, administrative offices, and faculty offices. The building also contains a fully functioning trial courtroom used for moot court. It houses Lady Justice, the 12-foot (3.7 m)-tall, 300-pound (140 kg) statue formerly located on the roof of the Marion County Courthouse.

Willamette University
Willamette University is a private liberal arts college in Salem, Oregon. Founded in 1842, it is the oldest college in the Western United States. Originally named the Oregon Institute, the school was an unaffiliated outgrowth of the Methodist Mission. The name was changed to Wallamet University in 1852, followed by the current spelling in 1870. Willamette founded the first medical school and law school in the Pacific Northwest in the second half of the 19th century.

Approximately 2,400 students are enrolled at Willamette between its undergraduate and graduate programs. It has an additional campus in Portland, Oregon, which contains a graduate education center and the Pacific Northwest College of Art. The college is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division III Northwest Conference.
Horace Copeland
Horace Cornellius Copeland (born January 2, 1971) is an American former professional football player who played wide receiver for seven seasons for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Miami Dolphins and Oakland Raiders.  Copeland was selected in the fourth round of the 1993 NFL draft.

Copeland is a graduate of Maynard Evans High School in Orlando, Florida, where he also established state records in the high jump and long jump. His high school made it to the 6A Football State Championship, which helped him earn a scholarship to the University of Miami, where he played until his graduation.

Throughout his playing career in the NFL, Copeland frequently celebrated touchdowns by performing a backflip.

Copeland was also an accomplished long jumper for the Miami Hurricanes track and field team, placing 5th and earning All American status at the 1992 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

1993 NFL draft
The 1993 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 25–26, 1993, at the Marriot Marquis in New York City, New York. No teams chose to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year, but the New York Giants and Kansas City Chiefs forfeited their first and second round picks, respectively, due to selecting quarterback Dave Brown and defensive end Darren Mickell in the 1992 supplemental draft.

With the first overall pick of the draft, the New England Patriots selected quarterback Drew Bledsoe.
Ngāti Ranginui
Ngāti Ranginui is a Māori iwi (tribe) in Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. Its rohe (tribal area) extends from Waihi in the north, to the Kaimai Range in the west, to south of Te Puke in the south, and to Tauranga in the east. The rohe does not extend offshore to Matakana Island or Mayor Island / Tūhua.

Ngāti Ranginui is part of the Tauranga Moana iwi group, which also includes Ngāti Pūkenga and Ngāi Te Rangi. The three iwi all consider Mauao (Mount Maunganui) sacred and share many things in common. Collectively, the iwi are seeking compensation from the New Zealand Government for their losses from the New Zealand Wars but are yet to seek a settlement.

Te Puke
Te Puke  (/tɛˈpʊkɛ/ teh-PUU-keh) is a town located 18 kilometres (11 miles) southeast of Tauranga in the Western Bay of Plenty of New Zealand. It is particularly well known for the cultivation of kiwifruit.

Te Puke is close to Tauranga and Maketu, which are both coastal towns/cities, as well as the small townships of Waitangi, Manoeka, Pongakawa, and Paengaroa. The Tauranga Eastern Link, completed in 2015, moved State Highway 2 away from Te Puke and removed large volumes of traffic from its streets.

The town's name comes from the Māori language, which translates to the hill; it is on a hill near the Papamoa Hills.
Minster School
The Minster School can refer to:

Lincoln Minster School (independent) in Lincolnshire

The Minster School, Southwell (state) in Nottinghamshire

The Minster School, York (independent) in York

Lytchett Minster School (state) in Dorset

Lytchett Minster School
Lytchett Minster School is a comprehensive school, with about 1,400 students aged 11 to 18, and 100 teachers, in Lytchett Minster, just outside Upton, 4 miles (6 km) from Poole, Dorset, England.

The school uses a house system to arrange the students. The head of house remains the same person for each pupil for the whole first 5 years of school. In the upper school there is no house system.
Fastest (film)
Fastest is a documentary film about Grand Prix motorcycle racing, MotoGP. Filmed between 2010 and 2011 by director Mark Neale, it is narrated by Ewan McGregor and produced by Neale and Paul Taublieb. "Fastest" followed the release of the documentary "The Doctor, The Tornado and The Kentucky Kid" and then was followed by "Hitting the Apex" which will be followed by "Charge," which is currently awaiting release.

Colin Edwards
Colin Edwards II (born February 27, 1974), nicknamed the "Texas Tornado", is an American former professional motorcycle racer who retired half-way through the 2014 season. He is a double World Superbike champion and competed in the MotoGP class from 2003 to 2014.
Oaths Act, 1873
The Oaths Act, 1873, was a statute passed by the Parliament of Canada in 1873 which authorized any committee of the Senate or House of Commons to examine witnesses under oath.

The enactment was subsequently disallowed by the government of the United Kingdom as it was deemed ultra vires. The Oaths Act, 1873 is the only instance of an enactment of Canadian Parliament to be disallowed by the government of the United Kingdom.

Ultra vires
Ultra vires is a Latin phrase used in law to describe an act that requires legal authority but is done without it. Its opposite, an act done under proper authority, is intra vires. Acts that are intra vires may equivalently be termed "valid", and those that are ultra vires termed "invalid".

Legal issues relating to ultra vires can arise in a variety of contexts:

Companies and other legal persons sometimes have limited legal capacity to act, and attempts to engage in activities beyond their legal capacities may be ultra vires. Most countries have restricted the doctrine of ultra vires in relation to companies by statute.

Similarly, statutory and governmental bodies may have limits upon the acts and activities which they legally engage in.

Subordinate legislation which is purported passed without the proper legal authority may be invalid as beyond the powers of the authority which issued it.
Bethsaida
Bethsaida (/bɛθˈseɪ.ɪdə/ beth-SAY-id-ə; from Koine Greek: Βηθσαϊδά, romanized: Bēthsaïdá; from Aramaic and Hebrew: בֵּית צַידָה, romanized: Bēṯ Ṣayḏā, lit. 'House of Fishing or the Hunt', from the Hebrew root צ-י-ד; Arabic: بيت صيدا, romanized: Bayt Ṣaydā), also known as Julias or Julia (Ancient Greek: Ἰουλία, romanized: Ioulía), is a place mentioned in the New Testament. Julias lay in an administrative district known as Gaulonitis, now the Golan Heights.

Historians have suggested that the name is also referenced in rabbinic literature under the epithet Ṣayḏān (Hebrew: צַידָן).

Rabbinic literature
Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, is the entire corpus of works authored by rabbis throughout Jewish history. The term typically refers to literature from the Talmudic era (70–640 CE), as opposed to medieval and modern rabbinic writings. It aligns with the Hebrew term Sifrut Chazal (Hebrew: ספרות חז״ל), which translates to “literature [of our] sages” and generally pertains only to the sages (Chazal) from the Talmudic period. This more specific sense of "Rabbinic literature"—referring to the Talmud, Midrashim (Hebrew: מדרשים), and related writings, but hardly ever to later texts—is how the term is generally intended when used in contemporary academic writing. The terms mefareshim and parshanim (commentaries and commentators) almost always refer to later, post-Talmudic writers of rabbinic glosses on Biblical and Talmudic texts.
Ron Zook
Ronald Andrew Zook (/zʊk/; born April 28, 1954) is an American football coach who is a special teams quality control coach at the University of Maryland. He was the head football coach at the University of Florida from 2002 to 2004 and the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign from 2005 to 2011.

Zook is a native of Ohio and an alumnus of Miami University, where he played college football. He has worked as an assistant coach in the National Football League (NFL) with the Pittsburgh Steelers (1996–1998), Kansas City Chiefs (1999), and New Orleans Saints (2000–2001). In August 2012, he was hired as a college football studio analyst by CBS Sports. He was also employed as the special teams coach for the Green Bay Packers. In 2019, he was the special teams coordinator and secondary coach for the Salt Lake Stallions of the Alliance of American Football (AAF).

Position coach
In American football, a position coach is a team official in charge of coaching a specific position group. Position coaches have more specialized duties than the head coach, associate and assistant coach, and the offensive and defensive coordinators.
Casa de Pilatos
La Casa de Pilatos (Pilate's House) is an Andalusian palace in Seville, Spain, which serves as the permanent residence of the Dukes of Medinaceli. It is an example of an Italian Renaissance building with Mudéjar elements and decorations. It is considered the prototype of the Andalusian palace.

The Casa de Pilatos has around 150 different azulejo (Spanish glazed tile) designs made in the 1530s by the brothers Diego and Juan Pulido, one of the largest early-modern azulejo collections in the world.

Duke of Medinaceli
Duke of Medinaceli (pronounced [meðinaˈθeli]) is an hereditary title in the peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee. The Catholic Monarchs,  Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, created the title and awarded it on 31 October 1479 to Luis de la Cerda y de la Vega. He also held the title of 5th Count of Medinaceli, which was first awarded in 1368 to his ancestor, Bernal de Foix.
Sukhdev Singh Kang
Sukhdev Singh Kang ( 15 May 1931 – 12 October 2012) was the fourteenth Governor of Kerala from 25 January 1997 to 18 April 2002. He served as a judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court from 19 February 1979 till 23 October 1989 and was subsequently promoted and transferred as the Chief Justice of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court, a post he held from 24 October 1989 to 14 May 1993. During his tenure as Kerala governor, E K Nayanar and A K Antony were the Chief Ministers of Kerala. 
Following his stint as the Governor of Kerala, he was appointed a member of the National Human Rights Commission 1993. He then retired.

Kang died in Chandigarh on 12 October 2012 after a long illness. He was 81.

High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh
The High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh is the common high court for union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. It was established as the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir on 26 March 1928 by the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. The seat of the court shifts between the summer capital Srinagar and winter capital Jammu. The court has a sanctioned judge strength of 17, 13 of whom are permanent judges, and 4 are additional judges. Tashi Rabstan has been the acting chief justice of the court since 18 July 2024.
John Walker (rowing)
John Drummond Walker (4 January 1891 – 22 July 1952) was a British rowing coxswain who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

Walker was born in Oxford, the son of Rev. Edward Newburn Walker, senior tutor of The Queen's College, Oxford, and his wife Gertrude May Hamilton. He was educated at New College, Oxford.

Walker was the coxswain of the New College eight which won the silver medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1918, Walker was in the Naval Sea Transport Branch, Ministry of Shipping, when he was awarded the MBE.

Coxswain (rowing)
In a rowing crew, the coxswain (/ˈkɒksən/ KOK-sən or /ˈkɒksweɪn/ KOK-swayn; colloquially known as the cox or coxie) is a crewmember who does not row but directs the boat. The coxswain sits facing the bow, unlike the rowers, and is responsible for steering the boat and coordinating the power and rhythm of the rowers. The coxswain's role while on the water is similar to that of an assistant coach or team captain, and they are sometimes also called upon to implement the training regimen or race plan.

In most racing, coxswains may be of either sex regardless of the sex of the rowers. Often they are women, since women are more likely to be near the ideal weight of a cox, which is 110 lbs or 120 lbs for USRowing and 55 kg for World Rowing (see Sex, and Weight, below).
Xénofolies
Xénofolies is a Canadian short documentary film, directed by Michel Moreau and released in 1991. The film centres on the challenges of cultural integration at a racially diverse secondary school in Montreal.

The film was a Genie Award nominee for Best Short Documentary at the 13th Genie Awards in 1992.

13th Genie Awards
The 13th annual Genie Awards were held on November 22, 1992, to honour Canadian films released in late 1991 and 1992. They were dominated by David Cronenberg's Naked Lunch, Jean-Claude Lauzon's Léolo, and Jean Beaudin's Being at Home with Claude.

The academy now recognized that its annual ceremony was not attracting audiences in Quebec. It worked with Radio-Canada to produce a French-language special, hosted by Quebec journalist René Homier-Roy, that aired immediately after the main broadcast and presented viewers with film clips and winner and nominee interviews.

The ceremony was held at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Toronto. Actor John Candy was slated to host the event, but he pulled out in a dispute over advance advertising which he had not approved and which he perceived as making fun of his weight. Actor Leslie Nielsen stepped in as host and received a standing ovation.