hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richmond Farm Pit, Gedgrave
Richmond Farm Pit, Gedgrave is a 0.57-hectare (1.4-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-west of Orford in Suffolk. It is a Geological Conservation Review site, and is in the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

This pit shows the Coralline Crag Formation of the Pliocene. It is described by Natural England as especially notable for its excellent exposure of the sandwave facies of the Coralline Crag, but it has very few fossils, which have been transported elsewhere.

It is situated some 500 metres from the similar site Gedgrave Hall Pit. The site is on private land with no public access.

Coralline Crag Formation
The Coralline Crag Formation is a geological formation in England. It is a series of marine deposits found near the North Sea coast of Suffolk and characterised by bryozoan and mollusc debris. The deposit, whose onshore occurrence is mainly restricted to the area around Aldeburgh and Orford, is a series of bioclastic calcarenites and silty sands with shell debris, deposited during a short-lived warm period at the start of the Pliocene Epoch of the Neogene Period. Small areas of the rock formation are found in locations such as Boyton and Tattingstone to the south of Orford as well as offshore at Sizewell.

Crag is a local word for a shelly sand. Coralline Crag has sometimes been used historically in the Suffolk coast area for building and a number of quarries exist. The tower of St Peter's Church in Chillesford is one of only two built using the rock.
Zoé Samudzi
Zoé Samudzi (born 1992/1993) is an American writer and activist known for her co-authored book As Black as Resistance. Samudzi has written for The New Inquiry, The Daily Beast and Vice magazine. Samudzi was a 2017 Public Imagination Fellow at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. She is currently a postdoctoral scholar at the Department of African-American and Africana Studies at The Ohio State University.

Yerba Buena Center for the Arts
Yerba Buena Center for the Arts (YBCA) is a multi-disciplinary contemporary arts center in San Francisco, California, United States. Located in Yerba Buena Gardens, YBCA features visual art, performance, and film/video that celebrates local, national, and international artists and the Bay Area's diverse communities. YBCA programs year-round in two landmark buildings—the Galleries and Forum by Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki and the adjacent Theater by American architect James Stewart Polshek and Todd Schliemann. Betti-Sue Hertz served as Curator from 2008 through 2015.
Chief of Defence (Luxembourg)
The Chief of Defence (French: Chef d’État-major de l'Armée) is a position in the military of Luxembourg and head of the Luxembourg Army. The Chief of Defence is the professional head of the armed forces, and in charge of the day-to-day operation. The current Chief of Defence is Steve Thull.

He is formally subordinate to the Grand Duke, whom the Constitution names as the commander-in-chief, but answers to the Minister for Defence in the civilian government.

Monarchy of Luxembourg
The monarchy of Luxembourg is the institution headed by the grand duke of Luxembourg, who is the head of state of the country.  Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was created from territory of the former Duchy of Luxembourg.  It was in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1890 under the House of Orange-Nassau. Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign grand duchy, and since 1815 there have been ten monarchs, including the incumbent, Guillaume V.
Robert Y. Moore
Robert Y. Moore (born December 5, 1931) is an American neurologist with interests in disorders of biological rhythms, movement disorders, and behavioral neurology. He is credited with discovering the function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as the circadian clock, as well as, describing its organization. He is also credited with establishing the role of the mammalian retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) as a photic entrainment pathway. Moore cin 2017 serves as a professor of neurology, with a secondary in psychiatry and neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, and as co-director of the National Parkinson Foundation Center of Excellence at the University of Pittsburgh.

Movement disorder
Movement disorders are clinical syndromes with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity. Movement disorders present with extrapyramidal symptoms and are caused by basal ganglia disease. Movement disorders are conventionally divided into two major categories- hyperkinetic and hypokinetic.

Hyperkinetic movement disorders refer to dyskinesia, or excessive, often repetitive, involuntary movements that intrude upon the normal flow of motor activity.

Hypokinetic movement disorders fall into one of four subcategories: akinesia (lack of movement), hypokinesia (reduced amplitude of movements), bradykinesia (slow movement), and rigidity. In primary movement disorders, the abnormal movement is the primary manifestation of the disorder. In secondary movement disorders, the abnormal movement is a manifestation of another systemic or neurological disorder. Treatment depends upon the underlying disorder.
Edgewood, British Columbia
Edgewood is a settlement on the west shore of Lower Arrow Lake in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. The former steamboat landing is between the mouths of Inonoaklin Creek and Eagle Creek. The locality, off BC Highway 6, is by road about 136 kilometres (85 mi) southeast of Vernon and 76 kilometres (47 mi) by road and ferry southwest of Nakusp.

Vernon, British Columbia
Vernon is a city in British Columbia, Canada. It is 440 km (270 mi) northeast of Vancouver. Named after Forbes George Vernon, a former MLA of British Columbia who helped establish the Coldstream Ranch in nearby Coldstream, Vernon was incorporated in 1892. Vernon has a population of 44,519 (2021), while its metropolitan region, Greater Vernon, has a population of 67,086 as of the 2021 Canadian census. With this population, Vernon is the largest city in the North Okanagan Regional District. A resident of Vernon is called a "Vernonite."
2003 Barbadian general election
General elections were held in Barbados on all 30 seats in the House of Assembly on 21 May 2003. The result was a victory for the Barbados Labour Party, which won 23 of the 30 seats. Voter turnout was 57%, the lowest since universal suffrage was introduced in 1951.

House of Assembly of Barbados
The House of Assembly of Barbados is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Barbados. It has 30 Members of Parliament (MPs), who are directly elected in single member constituencies using the simple-majority (or first-past-the-post) system for a term of five years.  The House of Assembly sits roughly 40–45 days a year and is presided over by a Speaker. If the Speaker elected by the Assembly is not an MP currently in the House of Assembly, that Speaker becomes the 31st member of the Assembly, having a vote on motions that are tied.

The Barbadian House of Assembly chamber is located in the east-wing of The Public Buildings on Broad Street, in Bridgetown, Barbados.
Over the Hill (1931 film)
Over the Hill is a 1931 American Pre-Code black-and-white melodrama film directed by Henry King for Fox Film Corporation. Starring Mae Marsh, James Dunn, Sally Eilers, and Olin Howland, the story concerns a young mother who devotedly cares for her children but when they grow up, most of them turn their backs on her and she has no choice but to go live in the poorhouse. The film is a remake of the 1920 silent film Over the Hill to the Poorhouse, which had been a major box-office hit for Fox. The story was based on a pair of poems by Will Carleton. Over the Hill also inspired the South Korean film adaptation Over the Ridge (1968). The production marked Marsh's first sound film and the second pairing of Dunn and Eilers, who had achieved celebrity in Fox's Bad Girl released earlier in the year.

In 2019, the film was being digitally scanned for preservation by the Library of Congress's Silent Film Project.

Marilyn Harris (actress)
Marilyn Harris (July 17, 1924 – December 1, 1999) was an American child actress who appeared in several Hollywood productions in the 1930s and 1940s. She is best remembered for her role as "Little Maria" in the 1931 horror film Frankenstein.
1958 Masters Tournament
The 1958 Masters Tournament was the 22nd Masters Tournament, held April 3–6 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Arnold Palmer won the first of his four Masters titles, one stroke ahead of runners-up Doug Ford and Fred Hawkins. It was the first of his seven major titles.

U.S. Amateur
The United States Amateur Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Amateur, is the leading annual golf tournament in the United States for amateur golfers. It is organized by the United States Golf Association and is currently held each August over a 7-day period.
Petrogradets
Petrogradets (UCI team code: PCW) was a Russian professional cycling team, which competed in elite road bicycle racing events such as the UCI Women's Road World Cup. For the 2010 season, the team merged with Fenixs.

Alexandra Burchenkova
Alexandra Vasilyevna Burchenkova (Russian: Александра Васильевна Бурченкова; born 16 September 1988) is a Russian road racing cyclist.

Burchenkova participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the road race finishing 43rd. In 2010, she won a gold medal at the European Road Championships. In 2011, she won the Tour de Bretagne
Cambarus scotti
Cambarus scotti, the Chattooga River crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Alabama and Georgia. The common name refers to the Chattooga River. The original specimens were collected from Clarks Creek in Chattooga County.

The IUCN conservation status of Cambarus scotti is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2010.

Chattooga River (Alabama–Georgia)
The Chattooga River runs 64.4 miles (103.6 km) through northwest Georgia and northeast Alabama in the United States.  The river begins in Walker County, Georgia, and flows southwest into Weiss Lake on the Coosa River in Alabama.  This river is one of two rivers named Chattooga in the state of Georgia.  The other, more  famous Chattooga River forms part of the boundary between Georgia and South Carolina, and was the wild river featured in the book and movie Deliverance. The name Chattooga is likely from the Cherokee word gatsugi, which means "I have crossed".
2002 Swiss referendums
Eight referendums were held in Switzerland during 2002. The first two were held on 3 March on popular initiatives for Switzerland to join the United Nations and to reduce working hours. UN membership was approved, whilst the shorter working hours proposal was rejected. The next two were held on 2 June on amending the penal code regarding abortion, which was approved, and a popular initiative "for mother and child", which was rejected.

The next set referendums was held on 22 September, with a popular initiative on adding surplus gold reserves to the country's pension fund and a counter-proposal, as well as a federal law on the electricity market. All three were rejected. The final two referendums were held on 24 November on a popular initiative "against misuse of asylum rights" and a federal law on compulsory unemployment insurance and compensation for insolvencies. The asylum proposal was rejected, whilst the federal law was approved.

Swiss Criminal Code
The Swiss Criminal Code (SR/RS 311, German: Strafgesetzbuch (StGB), French: Code pénal suisse (CP), Italian: Codice penale svizzero (CP), Romansh: Cudesch penal svizzer) is a portion of the third part (SR/RS 3) of the internal Swiss law ("Private law - Administration of civil justice - Enforcement") that regulates the criminal code in Switzerland. The original version was created on 21 December 1937. It entered into force on 1 January 1942. Previously, criminal law had been a cantonal competency.
Fremantle Railway Workshops
Fremantle Railway Workshops were the main workshops for the Western Australian Government Railways from  1886 until 1904 when the workshops were moved to Midland Junction where the Midland Railway Workshops operated until 1994.

The workshops were created in 1886, and expanded in 1896.

Industrial unrest at the workshops was common.

The proximity of the Fremantle Harbour and the Fremantle town was a convenience for the workers and also the community businesses. By accounts from the era, local pride in having the workshops was strong, and in most cases the workers lived locally.

The Fremantle workshops were located west of the Fremantle railway station and were considered to be in an area that would not accommodate the needs of the railway system.

The move in 1904 was a major change for the labour force, and some did not move to Midland for the new location.

Western Australian Government Railways
Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) was the state owned operator of railways in the state of Western Australia between October 1890 and June 2003. Owned by the state government, it was renamed a number of times to reflect extra responsibility for tram and ferry operations that it assumed and later relinquished. Westrail was the trading name of the WAGR from September 1975 until December 2000, when the WAGR's freight division and the Westrail brand were privatised. Its remaining passenger operations were transferred to the Public Transport Authority in July 2003.
Materials with memory
In continuum physics, materials with memory, also referred as materials with hereditary effects are a class of materials whose constitutive equations contains a dependence upon the past history of thermodynamic, kinetic, electromagnetic or other kind of state variables.

Kinetics (physics)
In physics and engineering, kinetics is the branch of classical mechanics that is concerned with the relationship between motion and its causes, specifically, forces and torques. Since the mid-20th century, the term dynamics (or analytical dynamics) has largely superseded kinetics in physics textbooks, though the term is still used in engineering.

In plasma physics, kinetics refers to the study of continua in velocity space.  This is usually in the context of non-thermal (non-Maxwellian) velocity distributions, or processes that perturb thermal distributions. These "kinetic plasmas" cannot be adequately described with fluid equations.

The term kinetics is also used to refer to chemical kinetics, particularly in chemical physics and physical chemistry. In such uses, a qualifier is often used or implied, for example: "physical kinetics", "crystal growth kinetics", and so on.
Suzuki FR80
The Suzuki FR80 (スズキ・スーパーフリー, Suzuki Sūpāfurī; Suzuki Super Free) is a step through motorcycle, very similar to the Yamaha Mate and the Honda Super Cub, that was produced by Suzuki from the early 1970s to the early 1980s.

It is powered by an 80 cc (4.9 cu in), two-stroke, air-cooled, single-cylinder engine which incorporates a self-mixing system, so it has a separate two-stroke oil tank and petrol tank. It is started by a kick start mechanism which turns over the engine.

It has a small 6 V battery fitted and an ignition switch to provide easy starting and for constant and even power to the lights and horn.

It is one of the most popular Suzuki models in Malaysia and Africa.

Air-cooled engine
Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over heat dissipation fins or hot areas of the engine to cool them in order to keep the engine within operating temperatures. Air-cooled designs are far simpler than their liquid-cooled counterparts, which require a separate radiator, coolant reservoir, piping and pumps.

Air-cooled engines are widely seen in applications where weight or simplicity is the primary goal. Their simplicity makes them suited for uses in small applications like chainsaws and lawn mowers, as well as small generators and similar roles. These qualities also make them highly suitable for aviation use, where they are widely used in general aviation aircraft and as auxiliary power units on larger aircraft. Their simplicity, in particular, also makes them common on motorcycles.
Karel Svoboda (scientist)
Karel Svoboda (born 1965) is a neuroscientist. His research focuses on the question of how the neural circuits of the brain produce behavior. He has also performed notable work in molecular biophysics, neurotechnology, and  neuroplasticity, particularly changes in the brain due to experience and learning. In 2021, he became the Vice President and Executive Director of the Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Igor Pisarev
Igor Pisarev (Russian: Игорь Писарев; 19 February 1931 – 2001) was a Soviet sprint canoer who competed from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won a silver medal in the K-1 1000 m event at Melbourne in 1956.

Pisarev also won a bronze medal in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Prague.

1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia. This event was held under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation.

The men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Two events were held for the women, both in kayak. This was the fifth championships in canoe sprint.

The Soviet Union won their first medals at these championships.
Apprenticeship learning
In artificial intelligence, apprenticeship learning (or learning from demonstration or imitation learning) is the process of learning by observing an expert. It can be viewed as a form of supervised learning, where the training dataset consists of task executions by a demonstration teacher.

Supervised learning
In machine learning, supervised learning (SL) is a type of machine learning paradigm where an algorithm learns to map input data to a specific output based on example input-output pairs. This process involves training a statistical model using labeled data, meaning each piece of input data is provided with the correct output. For instance, if you want a model to identify cats in images, supervised learning would involve feeding it many images of cats (inputs) that are explicitly labeled "cat" (outputs).

The goal of supervised learning is for the trained model to accurately predict the output for new, unseen data. This requires the algorithm to effectively generalize from the training examples, a quality measured by its generalization error. Supervised learning is commonly used for tasks like classification (predicting a category, e.g., spam or not spam) and regression (predicting a continuous value, e.g., house prices).
Buchyna
Buchyna (Ukrainian: Бучина) is a village (selo) in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, in western Ukraine. It belongs to Brody urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

From 1918 to 1939 the village was in Tarnopol Voivodeship in Poland.

Until 18 July 2020, Buchyna belonged to Brody Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Brody Raion was merged into Zolochiv Raion.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
Maria Aitken
Maria Penelope Katharine Aitken (born 12 September 1945) is an Irish-born, British theatre director, teacher, actress, and writer.

As an actress, Aitken has been twice nominated at the Olivier Awards, in 1980 for Private Lives and in 1985 for Waste. Her performance in the film A Fish Called Wanda (1988) earned her a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.

Waste (play)
Waste is a play by the English author Harley Granville Barker.  It exists in two wholly different versions, from 1906 and 1927.  The first version was refused a licence by the Lord Chamberlain and had to be performed privately by the Stage Society in 1907; the second was finally staged in public at the Westminster Theatre in 1936.
Nupen
Nupen is a small mountain in Troms county, Norway. The 412-metre (1,352 ft) tall mountain lies on the border of Kvæfjord Municipality and Harstad Municipality, about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) west of the town of Harstad. The peak of the mountain is in Harstad, but the mountain itself straddles the municipal border. The village of Bremnes lies just west of the mountain in Kvæfjord and the Andfjorden lies to the north. The mountain is known for its view of the midnight sun.

Midnight sun
Midnight sun, also known as polar day, is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle, when the Sun remains visible at the local midnight. When midnight sun is seen in the Arctic, the Sun appears to move from left to right. In Antarctica, the equivalent apparent motion is from right to left. This occurs at latitudes ranging from approximately 65°44' to exactly 90° north or south, and does not stop exactly at the Arctic Circle or the Antarctic Circle, due to refraction.

The opposite phenomenon, polar night, occurs in winter, when the Sun stays below the horizon throughout the day.
Yohannah Audu
Yohannah Ahmed Audu is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: a former Archdeacon he is the current Bishop of Damaturu, one of ten dioceses within the Anglican Province of Jos, itself one of 14 provinces within the Church of Nigeria.

Church of Nigeria
The Church of Nigeria, officially styled the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), is the Anglican church in Nigeria. The church claims to be the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion, as measured by baptised membership (not by attendance), after the Church of England with 18 million members.

Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces. It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 and 176 from September 2025. The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja. Archbishop Henry Ndukuba became its primate in 2020.