hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2C-MMDA-2
2C-MMDA-2 (2C-2), also known as MMDPEA-2 or 6-methoxy-MDPEA, as well as 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenethylamine, is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist of the phenethylamine and methylenedioxyphenethylamine families. Along with lophophine (2C-MMDA-1 or MMDPEA-1), it is one of the positional isomers of methoxymethylenedioxyphenethylamine (MMDPEA). 2C-MMDA-2 is also the phenethylamine analogue of MMDA-2.

5-HT2 receptor
The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of 5-HT receptors that bind the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT2 subfamily consists of three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are coupled to Gq/G11 and mediate excitatory neurotransmission, including 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. For more information, please see the respective main articles of the individual subtypes:

5-HT2A receptor

5-HT2B receptor

5-HT2C receptor
2022 Sindhi–Afghan strife
On July 12 violent incidents erupted in the Sindh and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan after the killing of Bilal Kaka, a young Sindhi man, by an Afghan hotel owner in Hyderabad. People from different cities of Sindh stormed shops owned by Afghan immigrants and forced them to close their businesses. Later on, people demanded justice for the deceased person on social media by running the hashtag #JusticeForBilalKaka. As a retaliation, Afghanis living in Pakistan and Pashtoons stopped Sindhis from traveling to Balochistan and forcefully laid them off from the public buses and vans. They stormed the M9 motorway on 14 July and damaged vehicles and set them on fire. Pashtoons also ran hashtag #پشتون_کوجینےدیں (let Pashtoon live) on Twitter.

M-9 motorway (Pakistan)
The M-9 motorway or the Karachi–Hyderabad motorway (Urdu: کراچی–حیدرآباد موٹروے) is a north–south motorway in the Sindh province of Pakistan, connecting Karachi to Hyderabad. The six-lane road is 136 kilometres long, and caters to the commercial traffic originating from the Karachi Port and Port Qasim. Daily traffic count is around 30,000 vehicles.

The motorway is an upgrade of the old Super Highway. The Frontier Works Organization executed the project on a build–operate–transfer basis for 25 years.
Söderqvist
Söderqvist is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jan Söderqvist, author, see Netocracy

Louise Söderqvist, Swedish journalist and publicist

Nils-Erik Söderqvist (born 1948), Swedish politician

Robin Söderqvist (born 1994), Swedish ice hockey player

Robin Söderqvist
Robin Söderqvist (born September 27, 1994) is a Swedish ice hockey player. He is currently playing with IK Oskarshamn of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

Söderqvist made his Swedish Hockey League debut playing with Frölunda HC during the 2013–14 season.
Batase, Terhathum
Batase (Nepali: बतासे) is a small village in the Terhathum District, of Province No. 1 in Nepal, situated in the Himalayan Mountains. To the west side of the village is a large hill covered by a thick forest. The people of the village keep livestock for their personal use and for sale. They also grow crops such as cardamom, maize, buckwheat, mustard, and peas, among others. The area is prominent in producing several drugs such as marijuana, hashish, and cannabis.

Cardamom
Cardamom (/ˈkɑːrdəməm/), sometimes cardamon or cardamum, is a spice made from the seeds of several plants in the genera Elettaria and Amomum in the family Zingiberaceae. Both genera are native to the Indian subcontinent and Indonesia. They are recognized by their small seed pods: triangular in cross-section and spindle-shaped, with a thin, papery outer shell and small, black seeds; Elettaria pods are light green and smaller, while Amomum pods are dark brown and larger.

Species used for cardamom are native throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. The first references to cardamom are found in Sumer, and in Ayurveda. In the 21st century, it is cultivated mainly in India, Indonesia, and Guatemala.
Canton of Pau-4
The canton of Pau-4 is an administrative division of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, southwestern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Pau.

It consists of the following communes:

Gelos

Pau (partly)

Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French pronunciation: [pi.ʁe.nez‿at.lɑ̃.tik] ⓘ; Gascon Occitan: Pirenèus Atlantics; Basque: Pirinio Atlantikoak) is a department located in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the southwest corner of metropolitan France. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlantic Ocean, it covers the French Basque Country and the Béarn. It is divided in three arrondissements and its prefecture is Pau. In 2019, it had a population of 682,621.
Erandi Bermúdez
José Erandi Bermúdez Méndez (born 15 March 1977) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN).

A native of Celaya, Guanajuato, he has been elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the 11th district of Guanajuato on three occasions:

In the 2003 mid-terms, for the 59th Congress.

In the 2009 mid-terms, for the 61st Congress.

In the 2015 mid-terms, for the 63rd Congress.

In the 2018 general election, he was elected to the Senate for the state of Guanajuato, where he served during the 64th and 65th Congresses.

Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
The Senate of the Republic (Spanish: Senado de la República), constitutionally the Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union (Spanish: Cámara de Senadores del H. Congreso de la Unión), is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six-year terms.
Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat
Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat (French: [ivɔn ʃɔkɛ bʁy.a] ⓘ; 29 December 1923 – 11 February 2025) was a French mathematical physicist now best remembered for her investigation of the mathematics of general relativity. Her proof that the Einstein field equations can be expressed as a well-posed initial-value problem was listed by the journal Classical and Quantum Gravity as one of thirteen "milestone" results in general relativity in an issue published in the centennial anniversary of its birth in 2015. She also studied non-Abelian gauge theory, relativistic hydrodynamics, and supergravity.

Choquet-Bruhat was the first woman to be elected to the French Academy of Sciences and was a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.

Classical and Quantum Gravity
Classical and Quantum Gravity is a peer-reviewed journal that covers all aspects of gravitational physics and the theory of spacetime.

The editor-in-chief is Susan Scott at the Australian National University. The journal's 2023 impact factor is 3.6 according to Journal Citation Reports. As of October 2015, the journal publishes letters in addition to regular articles.
Seong Sil Kim v. New York City Transit Authority
Seong Sil Kim v. New York City Transit Authority is a lawsuit in which a woman who laid down on subway tracks in 2000 in an apparent suicide attempt was first awarded over US$14,000,000 after a train hit her. The New York City Transit Authority appealed, and in 2006 the New York Supreme Court Appellate Division, First Department overturned the jury verdict and dismissed the case.

New York City Transit Authority
The New York City Transit Authority (also known as NYCTA, the TA, or simply Transit, and branded as MTA New York City Transit) is a public-benefit corporation in the U.S. state of New York that operates public transportation in New York City. Part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, the busiest and largest transit system in North America, the NYCTA has a daily ridership of 8 million trips (over 2.5 billion annually).

The NYCTA operates the following systems:

New York City Subway, a rapid transit system serving Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens

Staten Island Railway, a rapid transit line on Staten Island (operated by the subsidiary Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority)

New York City Bus, an extensive bus network serving all five boroughs (operated by the subsidiary MTA Regional Bus Operations)
Miss Universe 1964
Miss Universe 1964 was the 13th Miss Universe pageant, held on at the Miami Beach Convention Hall in Miami Beach, Florida, the United States, on 1 August 1964.

At the conclusion of the event, Iêda Maria Vargas of Brazil crowned Corinna Tsopei of Greece as Miss Universe 1964. It is the first victory of Greece in the history of the pageant.

Contestants from sixty countries and territories competed in this edition. The pageant was hosted by Jack Linkletter, while Arlene Francis and John Daly served as backstage correspondents.

Iêda Maria Vargas
Iêda Maria Brutto Vargas (December 31, 1944 – December 22, 2025) was a Brazilian actress and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Universe in Miami Beach, Florida in 1963. Previously, she was Miss Brazil and was crowned by Maria Olívia Rebouças. She was the first person from her country to win a major international beauty pageant. Vargas was a native of Rio Grande do Sul. During her term she opened the Capital Plaza Mall in Landover Hills, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C.

Iêda Maria Vargas died in Gramado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil on December 22, 2025 at the age of 80.
Tuileagna Ó Maoil Chonaire
Tuileagna Ó Maoil Chonaire (fl. 1585) was an Irish poet.

A member of the Ó Maolconaire bardic family of Connacht, Tuileagna is known from a number of extant works, including Labhram ar iongnaibh Éireann, addressed to Sir Nicholas Walsh, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and previously Speaker of the third Irish Parliament convened in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, (Perrott's parliament) of 1585–6. It relates the Middle Irish story of the judgement of King Niall Frossach of Ailech (died 778) concerning a young woman and her fatherless child.

The only manuscript in which it survives is Royal Irish Academy 23 L 17 (RIA 3). Two copies of the Middle Irish text that have survived, from Leabhar Mór Leacain and Liber Flavus Fergusiorum.

Northern Uí Néill
The Northern Uí Néill was any of several dynasties in north-western medieval Ireland that claimed descent from a common ancestor, Niall of the Nine Hostages. Other dynasties in central and eastern Ireland who also claimed descent from Niall are termed the Southern Uí Néill (together they are known as the Uí Néill dynasty). The dynasties of the Northern Uí Néill were the Cenél Conaill and Cenél nEógain, named after the two most powerful sons of Niall: Conall and Eógain.

The Northern Uí Néill's over-kingdom in its earliest days was known as In Fochla and In Tuaiscert, both meaning 'the North', and was initially ruled by the Cenél Conaill. After the Cenél nEógain's rise to dominance, it became known as Ailech.
Brecken
Brecken is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Frederick de St Croix Brecken (1828–1903), Prince Edward Island lawyer and politician

John Brecken (1800–1847), Prince Edward Island businessman and politician

John Brecken (died 1827), English-born United Empire Loyalist

Paul Brecken (1886–1960), Canadian politician

Ralph Brecken (1770–1813), Prince Edward Island businessman

Brecken Mellon

Given name:

Brecken Palmer (born 1998), American actor

Yours, Mine & Ours (2005 film)
Yours, Mine & Ours is a 2005 American family comedy film directed by Raja Gosnell and starring Dennis Quaid, Rene Russo, Rip Torn, and Linda Hunt. It is a remake of the 1968 film of the same name. The film follows a blended family with 18 children, who try to stop the marriage between the two parents.

Yours, Mine & Ours was released by Paramount Pictures in the United States and by Sony Pictures Releasing International in international markets on November 23, 2005. It received negative reviews from critics and grossed $72.7 million against a $45 million budget.
Inversion (meteorology)
In meteorology, an inversion (or temperature inversion) is a phenomenon in which a layer of warmer air overlies cooler air. Normally, air temperature gradually decreases as altitude increases, but this relationship is reversed in an inversion.

An inversion traps air pollution, such as smog, near the ground. An inversion can also suppress convection by acting as a "cap". If this cap is broken for any of several reasons, convection of any humidity can then erupt into violent thunderstorms. Temperature inversion can cause freezing rain in cold climates.

Refraction
In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation relative to the direction of change in speed.

Optical prisms and lenses use refraction to redirect light, as does the human eye. The refractive index of materials varies with the wavelength of light, and thus the angle of the refraction also varies correspondingly. This is called dispersion and allows prisms  and raindrops in rainbows to divide white light into its constituent spectral colors.
Cinara
Cinara, the conifer aphids or giant conifer aphids, is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae. They are widespread in the Northern Hemisphere.

These aphids specialize on conifers in the pine and cypress families.

Some species are pests that attack cultivated Christmas trees. The parasitoid wasp species in the genus Pauesia are specific to the genus.

Cinara cedri has been shown to host three symbionts: Buchnera aphidicola, a secondary symbiont, and bacteria in the genus Wolbachia.

There are about 243 species in this genus.

Species include:

Cinara abietis

Cinara acutirostris

Cinara cedri

Cinara confinis

Cinara cupressi

Cinara fornacula

Cinara laricis

Cinara piceae

Cinara piceicola

Cinara pini

Cinara pilicornis

Cinara strobi

Wolbachia
Wolbachia is a genus of gram-negative bacteria infecting many species of arthropods and filarial nematodes. The relationship between Wolbachia and its hosts ranges from parasitism through benign symbiosis up to obligate mutualism. It is one of the most common parasitic microbes of arthropods, and is possibly the most widespread reproductive parasite bacterium in the biosphere. Its interactions with hosts are complex and highly diverse across the various species in which it is found. Some host species cannot reproduce, or even survive, absent internal Wolbachia colonies. One study concluded that more than 16% of neotropical insect species carry bacteria of this genus, and as many as 25 to 70% of all insect species are estimated to be potential hosts.
Clara-Jumi Kang
Clara-Jumi Kang (Korean: 클라라 주미 강, born in Mannheim, Germany on 10 June 1987) is a South Korean-German classical violinist. She won the Indianapolis International Violin Competition in 2010 with five additional prizes. South Korean newspaper The Dong-A Ilbo listed her among South Korea's one hundred "most inspiring and influential people" in 2012. She was named the Kumho Musician of the Year in 2013.

International Violin Competition of Indianapolis
The International Violin Competition of Indianapolis (IVCI) is a classical violin competition which takes place once every four years in Indianapolis, Indiana. Since its founding in 1982, "The Indianapolis" has been regarded as the Olympics of the Violin, and dubbed "the ultimate violin contest" by the Chicago Tribune.
Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav
Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbrandiːs ˈnad labɛm ˈstaraː ˈbolɛslaf]; German: Brandeis and Altbunzlau) is an administratively united pair of towns in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 20,000 inhabitants and it is the second largest Czech united pair of towns after Frýdek-Místek.

Stará Boleslav is known as an important pilgrimage site, which is the oldest in Bohemia. There are several important monuments. The historic centres of both Brandýs nad Labem and Stará Boleslav are well preserved and are protected as two urban monument zones.

Frýdek-Místek
Frýdek-Místek (Czech pronunciation: [ˈfriːdɛk ˈmiːstɛk], Polish: Frydek-Mistek; German: Friede(c)k-Mistek) is a city in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 54,000 inhabitants. It is located in the Moravian-Silesian Foothills, at the confluence of the Ostravice and Morávka rivers.

Frýdek-Místek is an administratively united pair of towns. Frýdek is located in the historical region of Czech Silesia, while Místek is in Moravia, and they are divided by the Ostravice River. They were two separate towns until the merger in 1943.

The historic centres of both Frýdek and Místek are well preserved and are protected as two urban monument zones. The most important historical landmark is a pilgrimage site with the Basilica of the Visitation of Our Lady, which is protected as a national cultural monument.
Heavy-footed moa
The heavy-footed moa (Pachyornis elephantopus), or Moa waewae taumaha (Māori), is an extinct species of moa from the lesser moa family. The heavy-footed moa was widespread across the South Island of New Zealand, and inhabited lowland environments like shrublands, dunelands, grasslands, and forests. Moa are ratites, flightless birds with a sternum without a keel. They also have a distinctive palate.

The heavy-footed moa was about 1.8 m (5.9 ft) tall, and weighed as much as 145 kg (320 lb). Three complete or partially complete moa eggs in museum collections are considered eggs of the heavy-footed moa, all sourced from Otago. These eggs have an average length of 226 mm (8.9 in) and a width of 158 mm (6.2 in), making these the second-largest moa eggs, behind the single South Island giant moa egg specimen.

Sternum
The sternum (pl.: sternums or sterna) or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury. Shaped roughly like a necktie, it is one of the largest and longest flat bones of the body. Its three regions are the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The word sternum originates from Ancient Greek στέρνον (stérnon) 'chest'.
Susan Jane Cunningham
Susan Jane Cunningham (March 23, 1842 – January 24, 1921) was an American mathematician instrumental in the founding and development of Swarthmore College. She was born in Maryland, and studied mathematics and astronomy with Maria Mitchell at Vassar College as a special student during 1866–67. She also studied those subjects during several summers at Harvard University, Princeton University, Newnham College, Cambridge, the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and Williams College.

Maria Mitchell
Maria Mitchell (/məˈraɪə/ mə-RY-ə; August 1, 1818 – June 28, 1889) was an American astronomer, librarian, naturalist, and educator. In 1847, she discovered a comet named 1847 VI (modern designation C/1847 T1) that was later known as "Miss Mitchell's Comet" in her honor. She won a gold medal prize for her discovery, which was presented to her by King Christian VIII of Denmark in 1848. Mitchell was the first internationally known woman to work as both a professional astronomer and a professor of astronomy after accepting a position at Vassar College in 1865. She was also the first woman elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Mitchell is the namesake of the Maria Mitchell Association, the Maria Mitchell Observatory, and the Maria Mitchell Aquarium.
Affinity Designer
Affinity Designer is a discontinued vector graphics editor developed by Serif for macOS, Microsoft Windows and iPadOS.

Developed as a successor to Serif’s DrawPlus and first released in 2014, Affinity Designer was part of a suite alongside Affinity Photo and Affinity Publisher, respectively a raster graphics editor and desktop publishing application.

Affinity used a perpetual license model. In 2025, following the purchase of Serif by Canva in 2024, it was replaced by the freemium Affinity application, bundling vector, raster and layout features together.

Raster graphics editor
A raster graphics editor (also called bitmap graphics editor) is a computer program that allows users to create and edit images interactively on the computer screen and save them in one of many raster graphics file formats (also known as bitmap images) such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF.
The Ultimate Tour (Steps)
The Ultimate Tour was the sixth concert tour by British group Steps. Formed in 1997, the group comprises Claire Richards, Faye Tozer, Ian "H" Watkins, Lee Latchford-Evans and Lisa Scott-Lee.
Beginning in April 2012, 'The Ultimate Tour' supports the band's compilation album, The Ultimate Collection. It is the group's first concert tour in 11 years. Additional dates were added for the summer of 2012, playing music festivals. The tour predominantly visited arenas across the United Kingdom as well as a one-off performance in the Republic of Ireland. The initial UK dates sold out in the first few hours of their general release, leading the band to announce six new dates. Dates were also added for music festivals for summer 2012.

It's the Way You Make Me Feel
"It's the Way You Make Me Feel" is a song by British dance-pop group Steps, released as their 12th single on 1 January 2001. It is the second track to be released from their third album, Buzz, and peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. This was the first song the band performed following their official reformation in October 2011. One of the single's B-sides, a cover of Marvin Gaye's "Too Busy Thinking About My Baby", was taken from the Motown Mania compilation.
In on the Kill Taker
In on the Kill Taker is the third studio album by the American post-hardcore band Fugazi, released in June 1993 through Dischord Records. It was recorded at Inner Ear Studios and produced by the band and Ted Niceley. In on the Kill Taker captured the aggressiveness of the band's earlier releases while displaying a more diverse range of influences.

Due in part to the popularity of alternative rock in the early 1990s, In on the Kill Taker became the group's first album to debut on the Billboard charts and subsequently became the band's breakthrough album.

Inner Ear Studios
38°50′38″N 77°05′22″W﻿ / ﻿38.8439°N 77.0895°W﻿ / 38.8439; -77.0895

Inner Ear Studios is a recording studio founded in Arlington, Virginia that has been in operation since the late 1970s. Originally started in founder Don Zientara's basement, the studio spent many years on South Oakland St. in Arlington. The studio is now back in Don's basement, and has been in continuous operation for over 40 years. During that time, virtually all of Washington, DC's most widely recognized and acclaimed bands have recorded there. The studio is known for its association with the Washington, D.C. hardcore scene.