hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DIGIC
Digital Imaging Integrated Circuit (often styled as "DiG!C") is Canon Inc.'s name for a family of signal processing and control units for digital cameras and camcorders.  DIGIC units are used as image processors by Canon in its own digital imaging products. Several generations of DIGICs exist, and are distinguished by a version number suffix.

Currently, DIGIC is implemented as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed to perform high speed signal processing as well as the control operations in the product in which it has been incorporated.  Over its numerous generations, DIGIC has evolved from a system involving a number of discrete integrated circuits to a single chip system, many of which are based around the ARM instruction set. Custom firmware for these units has been developed to add features to the cameras.

Control unit
In computer architecture, the control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. A CU typically uses a binary decoder to convert coded instructions into timing and control signals that direct the operation of the other units (memory, arithmetic logic unit and input and output devices, etc.).

Most computer resources are managed by the CU. It directs the flow of data between the CPU and the other devices. John von Neumann included the control unit as part of the von Neumann architecture. In modern computer designs, the control unit is typically an internal part of the CPU with its overall role and operation unchanged since its introduction.
Marquette–Joliet Bridge
The Marquette–Joliet Bridge is a bridge crossing the Mississippi River, connecting Marquette, Iowa and Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. Local residents refer to the bridge as the Prairie Bridge or the Marquette Bridge; both terms are used equally.

The structure is an automobile bridge about three lanes wide, and is designed to accept Jersey barriers for deck service.  It is located between the Black Hawk Bridge, about 40 miles (64 km) to the north upstream, and the Dubuque-Wisconsin Bridge some 60 miles (97 km) south. The bridge carries U.S. Route 18 from Iowa to Wisconsin.

The design of the bridge is a cable-supported tied arch bridge, with the two ends of the arch terminating at abutments located in the middle of the river.

In the winter after its opening, the bridge developed several cracks and had to be closed for repair. In more recent years, the approach on the Iowa side of the bridge was rebuilt as part of the U.S. 18 bypass that was built around Marquette and McGregor, Iowa.

Tied-arch bridge
A tied-arch bridge is an arch bridge in which the outward-directed horizontal forces of the arch(es) are borne as tension by a chord tying the arch ends rather than by the ground or the bridge foundations. This strengthened chord may be the deck structure itself or consist of separate, independent tie-rods.
Francesco Stella
Francesco Stella (Italian pronunciation: [frаnˈtʃesko ˈstella]; 1862–1940) was an Italian set designer, artist-painter, and decorator.

Stella was born in Rome and studied art in his hometown under the guidance of teacher Luigi Alessandro Bazzani. He went to Argentina in 1897, and was hired to perform the wall decorations at the private residence of then President of the Republic, José Evaristo Uriburu. Later he decorated the churches of San Carlos and Our Lady of Sion, in Buenos Aires, and Our Lady of the Rosary (now Cathedral) in Santa Fe.

Stella was noted as an artist who traveled, who made different art-works in Spain, Greece, and Egypt, etc. Approximately between 1911 and 1924 he was engaged by the Teatro Colón of Buenos Aires, where he performed a scenographic work as an artist and set-designer for various performances of opera and ballet.

He was father of Ugo Stella (1891–1953), the Italian designer and restorer of historic buildings. He died in 1940 in Buenos Aires.

José Evaristo Uriburu
José Félix Evaristo de Uriburu y Álvarez de Arenales (19 November 1831 – 23 October 1914) was President of Argentina from 23 January 1895 to 12 October 1898.

He was an adept diplomat; participating as arbiter on the peace negotiations on the War of the Pacific between Chile, Perú and Bolivia.

He was vice-president and became president of Argentina in 1895 when Luis Sáenz Peña resigned.

His son was José Evaristo Uriburu y Tezanos Pinto (1880–1956), Argentinian Ambassador in London in the 1920s, and father of Clarita de Uriburu, Cecil Beaton's model.
Simon Biwott
Simon Biwott (born 3 March 1970 in Eldoret, Uasin Gishu District) is a former long-distance runner from Kenya who won the silver medal in the men's marathon at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics. The race in Edmonton, Canada was won by Ethiopia's reigning Olympic champion Gezahegne Abera. A year later, Biwott won the Rotterdam Marathon. He also won marathons in Cancún, Mexico City (1998), Berlin, Milan (2000), and Paris (2001). After his career in athletics, he started a private school in Eldoret. His personal best of 2:06:49 was run at the 2002 edition of the Berlin Marathon.

He was a surprise winner at the 2000 Berlin Marathon, having only entered as a pacemaker originally.

Paris Marathon
The Paris Marathon (French: Marathon de Paris) is an annual marathon hosted by the city of Paris, France. It is the largest running event in France in terms of finishers and is typically among the five largest marathons in the world.

The marathon begins along the Champs-Élysées, runs southeast through the city to the Bois de Vincennes, heads back through the city along the River Seine, and finishes on Avenue Foch.
Yūji Tajiri
Yūji Tajiri (田尻裕司, Tajiri Yūji) is a Japanese film director, screenwriter, and actor. He is one of the group of pink film directors collectively known as the "Seven Lucky Gods of Pink" (ピンク七福神, shichifukujin), a group which also includes Toshiya Ueno, Mitsuru Meike, Shinji Imaoka, Yoshitaka Kamata, Toshirō Enomoto and Rei Sakamoto.

Rei Sakamoto
Rei Sakamoto (坂本怜, Sakamoto Rei; born 24 June 2006) is a Japanese professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 157 achieved on 23 February 2026 and a doubles ranking of No. 750 reached on 23 February 2026. He is currently the No. 5 singles player from Japan.

Sakamoto has won three singles titles on ATP Challenger Tour. He represents Japan at the Davis Cup.
The Big Cage
The Big Cage is a 1933 American pre-Code circus film starring Clyde Beatty and Anita Page, and featuring Raymond Hatton, Wallace Ford, Andy Devine and Mickey Rooney, with Walter Brennan and Louise Beavers in bit parts. It was originally released by Universal Pictures.

The film was the debut of Beatty, whose skills as an animal trainer in circuses had brought him fame since his late teens and made him a national celebrity. As in his three subsequent films, he plays a fictionalized version of himself, also named Clyde Beatty. The film proved to be one of the studio's most popular releases in 1933 and was reissued several times in second-run theaters into the early 1950s.

Anita Page
Anita Page (born Anita Evelyn Pomares; August 4, 1910 – September 6, 2008) was an American film actress who reached stardom in the final years of the silent film era.

She was referred to as "a blond, blue-eyed Latin" and "the girl with the most beautiful face in Hollywood" in the 1920s. She retired from acting in 1936, made a comeback in 1961, then retired again. Page returned to acting 35 years later in 1996 and appeared in four films in the 2000s.
The King and the Queen
The King and the Queen (Korean: 왕과 비; RR: Wanggwa bi) is a South Korean television series starring Im Dong-jin and Chae Shi-ra, along with Han Hye-sook, Lee Jin-woo and Ahn Jae-mo. It aired on KBS1 from June 6, 1998, to March 26, 2000, on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:45 (KST) for 186 episodes. The series begins with the death of King Munjong and ends with the Jungjong coup.

Munjong of Joseon
Munjong (Korean: 문종; Hanja: 文宗; 15 November 1414 – 10 June 1452), personal name Yi Hyang (이향; 李珦), was the fifth monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. As the eldest son (and the sickly son) of Sejong the Great and Queen Soheon, he succeeded to the throne in 1450.
Kitty Cooper
Kitty Cooper born Catherine Anne Munson in 1950 is an American bridge player and genetic genealogist originally from New York City,  now from San Diego. As a player in important bridge tournaments, she has been known also as Kitty Bethe, Kitty Munson, and Kitty Munson Cooper.

Venice Cup
The Venice Cup is a biennial world championship contract bridge tournament for national teams of women. It is contested every odd-number year under the auspices of the World Bridge Federation (WBF), alongside the Bermuda Bowl (open), Wuhan Cup (mixed), and d'Orsi Bowl (seniors). Entries formally represent WBF Zones as well as nations, so it is also known as the World Zonal Women Team Championship, one of three World Zonal Team Championships. It was first contested in 1974 as one long match between two teams and has been concurrent with the Bermuda Bowl from 1985.

The Venice Cup is also the name of the trophy awarded to the winning team. It was donated by Italy when Venice hosted the inaugural contest.

The most recent event took place in 2023 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
Federation of Regional Parties
Federation of Regional Parties (Spanish: Federación de Partidos Regionales, FPR) was a Spanish electoral list in the European Parliament election in 1989 made up from several centre-right regionalist parties. Navarrese People's Union (UPN) and the Regionalist Aragonese Party (PAR) were initially also expected to join the Federation, but chose to support the newly-founded People's Party (PP) instead.

Navarrese People's Union
The Navarrese People's Union (Spanish: Unión del Pueblo Navarro; Basque: Nafar Herriaren Batasuna), abbreviated to UPN, is a regional conservative political party in Navarre, Spain. Until 2008, it was a fraternal party of the People's Party (PP), acting as the latter's Navarrese branch.

UPN is a strong opponent of Basque nationalism, and supports a Spanish regional identity for Navarre with a marginal Basque component and separate from the Basque Country. The party's regionalist tradition dates back to the nineteenth century, in which the Spanish nation is seen to be based on 'regional liberties'.

During the 1991–2008 period, UPN acted as the Navarrese branch of the PP, which, in return, did not run at Navarrese elections as a part of their agreement. Since 1991, UPN has been the largest party in elections for the regional Parliament of Navarre and was the ruling party of the Autonomous Community from 1996 to 2015.
Concio (surname)
Concio is a surname of Italian origin. Notable people with this surname include:

Cesar Concio (1907–2003), Filipino architect

Joseph Concio, 17th century Italian-Jewish poet

Michael Concio (born 2005), Filipino chess player

Cesar Concio
Cesar Homero Rosales Concio Sr. (1907 – 2003) was an architect who as the first University Architect of the University of the Philippines designed many buildings in the University of the Philippines Diliman campus.  He was also one of the architects who created the Makati Central Business District. Concio's architecture has been described in the Encyclopedia of Art as “a rational approach to design, resulting in logically arranged spaces, neatness of form, and a successful adaptation to climate".
Peter Gibbs (weather forecaster)
Peter John Gibbs is a former BBC Weather forecaster, who appeared regularly on BBC News, BBC World News and BBC Radio, particularly BBC Radio 4. He previously worked on the BBC News at One, BBC News at Six, BBC News at Ten and BBC Breakfast. He left the BBC on 9 December 2016.

BBC Breakfast
BBC Breakfast is a British television breakfast news programme, produced by BBC News and broadcast on BBC One every morning from 6:00am. It is also broadcast on the UK feed of BBC News channel on weekends. The simulcast is presented live, originally from the BBC Television Centre, London before moving in 2012 to MediaCityUK in Salford, Greater Manchester. The programme is broadcast daily and contains a mixture of news, sport, weather, business and feature items. When BBC Breakfast is  not broadcast on BBC One, it is transmitted via BBC Two.
John A. Pollock (professor)
John A. Pollock, is a Full Professor of Biological Science at Duquesne University Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, where he researches and teaches molecular neurobiology. He is Principal Investigator for The Partnership in Education, a non-profit multidisciplinary health literacy and informal science education project at Duquesne University funded primarily through a Science Education Partnership Award(SEPA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, a component of the National Institutes of Health.

Pollock holds the additional title of co-director for the Chronic Pain Research Consortium at Duquesne University. He serves as a faculty affiliate at the BrainHub at Carnegie Mellon University and separately at the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC.

Informal education
Informal education is a general term for education that can occur outside of a traditional lecture or school based learning systems. The term includes customized-learning based on individual student interests within a curriculum inside a regular classroom, but is not limited to that setting. It could work through conversation, and the exploration and enlargement of experience. Sometimes there is a clear objective link to some broader plan, but not always. The goal is to provide learners with the tools they need to eventually reach more complex material. It can refer to various forms of alternative education, such as unschooling or homeschooling, autodidacticism (self-teaching), and youth work.

Informal education can include accidental and purposeful ways of collaborating on new information. It can be discussion-based and focuses on bridging the gaps between traditional classroom settings and life outside of the classroom.
NewPage
NewPage was a leading producer of printing and specialty papers in North America with $3.1 billion in net sales for the year ended December 31, 2012. NewPage was headquartered in Miamisburg, Ohio, and owned paper mills in Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. These mills have a total annual production capacity of approximately 3.5 million tons of paper.

NewPage's Niagara Mill, located in Niagara, Wisconsin closed in 2008, Kimberly Mill, located in Kimberly, Wisconsin closed in 2009, Chillicothe Mill, located in Chillicothe, Ohio sold in 2006 to Glatfelter and is still operational, Port Hawkesbury Mill, located in Point Tupper, Nova Scotia closed in 2011, re-opened in 2012 by Stern Partners as Port Hawkesbury Paper) and Whiting Mill, located in Whiting, Wisconsin closed in 2011. In  2015, the company was acquired by the Verso Corporation.

Whiting, Wisconsin
Whiting is a village in Portage County, Wisconsin, United States and is a suburb of Stevens Point. It is included in the Stevens Point Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,601 at the 2020 census.
Eugene Kole
Fr. Eugene Kole, OFM Conv, served as Quincy University's 20th president from 1997–2002.  During his tenure the school embarked on an $8.6 million fitness center renovation, remodeling of St. Francis Hall and the addition of new academic programs.

Order of Friars Minor Conventual
The Order of Friars Minor Conventual (O.F.M. Conv.) is a male religious fraternity in the Catholic Church and a branch of the Franciscan Order.  Conventual Franciscan Friars are identified by the affix O.F.M. Conv. after their names. They are also known as Conventual Franciscans or Minorites.

The Conventual Franciscan Friars have worldwide provinces that date to the 13th century. They dress in black or grey habits with white cords. Many friars engage in such ministries as teaching, parish ministry and service to the poor.
David Ramage
David Ramage (born 25 June 1939) is an Australian former rower. He was a five time national champion who won a Commonwealth Games silver medal and competed at two Olympic Games. He still won gold medals at World Masters Championships in 2015.

Australian Rowing Championships
The Australian Rowing Championships is an annual rowing event that determines Australia's national rowing champions and facilitates selection of Australian representative crews for World Championships and the Olympic Games. It is Australia's premier regatta, with states, clubs and schools sending their best crews. The Championships commence with the National Regatta - men's, women's and lightweight events in open, under 23, under 19, under 17 and school age events. Rowers at the National Regatta race in their local club colours with composite crews permitted. The Championships conclude with the Interstate Regatta - currently eight events competed by state representative crews or scullers selected by the state rowing associations. The states compete for an overall points tally which decides the Zurich Cup.
Embryo transfer
Embryo transfer (aka ET) refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy. This technique - which is often used in connection with in vitro fertilization (IVF) - may be used in humans or in other animals, in which situations and goals may vary.

Embryo transfer can be done at day two or day three, or later in the blastocyst stage, which was first performed in 1984.

Factors that can affect the success of embryo transfer include the endometrial receptivity, embryo quality, and embryo transfer technique.

Progesterone
Progesterone (/proʊˈdʒɛstəroʊn/ ⓘ; P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species. It belongs to a group of steroid hormones called the progestogens and is the major progestogen in the body. Progesterone has a variety of important functions in the body. It is also a crucial metabolic intermediate in the production of other endogenous steroids, including the sex hormones and the corticosteroids, and plays an important role in brain function as a neurosteroid.

In addition to its role as a natural hormone, progesterone is also used as a medication, such as in combination with estrogen for contraception, to reduce the risk of uterine or cervical cancer, in hormone replacement therapy, and in feminizing hormone therapy. It was first prescribed in 1934.
Musaeus (officer of Antiochus III)
Musaeus (Ancient Greek: Μουσαῖος) was an officer of Antiochus III the Great, the ruler of the Seleucid Empire. Following his defeat in the Battle of Magnesia (190 BC), Antiochus III sent Musaeus to the triumphant Roman consuls (Scipio Asiaticus and Scipio Nasica), then stationed at Sardis to request their permission to start negotiating a peace treaty. According to Polybius 
 Scipio Nasica received him courteously and granted him a safe passage back, with his consent to start negotiating a truce.

Polybius later mentions Musaeus as an emissary sent by Antiochus III to Gnaeus Manlius Vulso (consul in 189 BC), to discuss a truce with the Romans. Both incidents are also related by Livy, who only refers to Musaeus as "Antiochi legati."
 Appianus, similarly, mentions the events, but again does not mention Musaeus by name and refers to anonymous "Άντιόχου πρέσβεσι" (Antiochus' messengers or ambassadors)

Sardis
Sardis (/ˈsɑːrdɪs/ SAR-diss) or Sardes (/ˈsɑːrdiːs/ SAR-deess; Lydian: 𐤮𐤱𐤠𐤭, romanized: Sfar; Ancient Greek: Σάρδεις, romanized: Sárdeis; Old Persian: 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭, romanized: Sparda) was an ancient city best known as the capital of the Lydian Empire. After the fall of the Lydian Empire, it became the capital of the Persian satrapy of Lydia and later a major center of Hellenistic and Byzantine culture. Now an active archaeological site, it is located in modern day Turkey, in Manisa Province, near the town of Sart. Sardis was also mentioned as the campsite of Brutus and Cassius in William Shakespeare's play, Julius Caesar (1599).

In 2025, Sardis was listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Line 24 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 24 will be a future subway line on the Shanghai Metro. The line was announced by the Municipal government in 2016.
 It will run in a north–south direction through Pudong and connect the Huangpu River bank in Yangpu District with the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum. It will form a ring around the Middle Ring Road together with Line 20 and Line 22.

Huangpu River
The Huangpu (pronunciationⓘ), formerly romanized as Whangpoo, is a 113 km-long (70 mi) river flowing north through Shanghai. The Bund and Lujiazui are located along the Huangpu River.

The Huangpu is the biggest river in central Shanghai, with the Suzhou Creek being its major tributary. It is on average 400 m (1,312 ft) wide and 9 m (30 ft) deep, and divides the city into two regions: Puxi ("west of Huangpu"), the traditional city center, and Pudong ("east of Huangpu").
Raffaele Zanon
Raffaele Zanon (born 26 September 1957 in Verona) is an Italian politician.

He joined the Italian Social Movement in the 1970s and later National Alliance. Three times elected to the Regional Council of Veneto (1995, 2000, 2005), he was regional minister of Social Affairs in Galan I Government (1995–2000) and minister of Security and Immigration in Galan II Government (2000–2005).

In 2008, along with National Alliance, Zanon joined The People of Freedom (PdL), but failed to be re-elected to the Council in 2010. He is also the leader of Venetian Right, a regional faction of the PdL composed by former Missini who are both Italian and Venetian nationalists.

First Galan government
The first Galan government, led by president Giancarlo Galan, was the 14th government of Veneto and was in office from 26 June 1995 to 6 June 2000.

Source: Region of Veneto — The Regional Government from 1970 until today
PNPLA4
PNPLA4 (patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 4) encodes a lipid hydrolase with both triacylglycerol lipase and transacylase activity, suggesting a dual role in lipid hydrolysis and remodeling. Multiple transcript variants, including transcript variant 2, have been identified; however, they encode the same isoform, highlighting regulatory diversity rather than structural differences. PNPLA4 shows broad tissue expression, consistent with a role in maintaining lipid homeostasis.
Comparative genomic analyses indicate that PNPLA4 is a relatively small member of the PNPLA family (≈252–255 amino acids) containing the conserved patatin domain with a Ser–Asp catalytic dyad and oxyanion hole motif. The human gene is located on the X chromosome (Xp22.3) and is conserved across vertebrates, supporting its essential metabolic function.

X chromosome
The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in many organisms, including mammals, and is found in both males and females. It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and XO sex-determination system. The X chromosome was named for its unique properties by early researchers, which resulted in the naming of its counterpart Y chromosome, for the next letter in the alphabet, following its subsequent discovery.
Fair Oaks, Henrico County, Virginia
Fair Oaks is an unincorporated community located in Henrico County, Virginia, United States. Fair Oaks Station was located on the Richmond and York River Railroad and played a role in the Peninsula Campaign in 1862 during the American Civil War. A major battle was fought nearby, known variously as the Battle of Fair Oaks or the Battle of Seven Pines.

Richmond and York River Railroad
The Richmond and York River Railroad Company was incorporated under an act of the Virginia General Assembly on January 31, 1853. The State of Virginia subscribed to 60 per cent of the capital stock. The company built and initially operated 39 miles (63 km) of railroad line between Richmond, Virginia and West Point, Virginia on the York River. The railroad prospered during the first year of the American Civil War but was wrecked during the Peninsula Campaign. It was rebuilt after the Civil War. In 1894, it became part of the Southern Railway Company.