hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christopher Gill
Christopher John Fred Gill RD (born 28 October 1936) is a British politician, and a former member of the National Executive Committee of the UK Independence Party (UKIP). He is the president of The Freedom Association (TFA). A former Conservative Party Member of Parliament, he was one of the Maastricht Rebels of the mid-1990s.

Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve
The Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve, commonly known as the Reserve Decoration (RD) was a medal awarded to officers with at least fifteen years service in the Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) of the United Kingdom. The medal was instituted in 1908.
Differing perceptions of the Line of Actual Control
Differing perceptions or areas of differing perceptions was a theory to explain why border conflicts have arisen between China and India, since the Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement, 1993 has been signed. It maintains that the two sides have different perception of where the Line of Actual Control (LAC) between the territories of the two countries lies. Further, the Chinese have their own understanding of where the Indians perceive their LAC to be, and vice versa. For many decades India and China carried forward the differing perceptions theory.

India has called this as one of the causes for the loss of Indian territory to China's salami slicing. The existence of areas of differing perceptions resulted in "overlapping areas of influence, extending from a few hundred meters to tens of kilometers" and was "one of the reasons for Chinese to enhance their transgressions in Ladakh".

Chinese salami slicing strategy
China's salami slicing is a geopolitical strategy involving a series of small steps taken by the government of People's Republic of China that would become a larger fait accompli which would have been difficult or unlawful to perform all at once. When discussing this concept, notedly debated in the publications of the Lowy Institute from Australia, some defenders of the concept are Brahma Chellaney, Jasjit Singh, Bipin Rawat or the Observer Research Foundation from India or the United States Institute of Peace, Bonnie S. Glaser (Center for Strategic and International Studies) or Erik Voeten (The Washington Post) from the US, while detractors are H. S. Panag from India or Linda Jakobson. Advocates of the term have cited examples such as the territorial disputes in the South China Sea and along the Sino-Indian border.
Paul O'Neil
Paul Joseph O'Neil (born August 24, 1953) is an American former professional ice hockey center. He was drafted by the Vancouver Canucks in the fifth round, 67th overall, of the 1973 NHL Amateur Draft. He was also drafted by the Houston Aeros in the fifth round, 61st overall, of the 1973 WHA Amateur Draft. O'Neil played six National Hockey League games in his career (five with Vancouver and one with the Boston Bruins) and one World Hockey Association game (with the Birmingham Bulls), spending the bulk of his career in the minor leagues. Internationally he played for the United States at the 1973 World Championship Group B.

Birmingham Bulls (WHA)
The Birmingham Bulls were a professional ice hockey team based in Birmingham, Alabama. They played in the World Hockey Association from 1976 to 1979 and the Central Hockey League from 1979 to 1981. The Bulls played their home games at the Birmingham Jefferson Convention Center.

Prior to being in Birmingham, the team was known as the Ottawa Nationals and the Toronto Toros. The Birmingham Bulls' name has been used for other hockey teams such as the Birmingham Bulls of the East Coast Hockey League and the Birmingham Bulls of the Southern Professional Hockey League.
Kudumbavilakku
Kudumbavilakku (transl. Lamp of the Family) is an Indian Malayalam-language drama television series. It is an official remake of the Bengali television series Sreemoyee. The show premiered on Asianet and also streams on Disney+ Hotstar. Meera Vasudevan portrays the lead role in the series, returning to television after thirteen years.

The first season of the show aired from 27 January 2020 to 1 December 2023. The second season aired from 4 December 2023 to 3 August 2024.

The series was produced by Chitra Shenoy under Good Company Productions. It is among the longest-running soap operas in Malayalam television.

Chitra Shenoy
Chitra Shenoy is an Indian actress and producer in South Indian movies and television series. She has acted in more than 600 films predominately in Kannada and Malayalam. She is known as the 'young mother' in the Kannada film industry having portrayed the role of a mother to almost all top stars in Kannada. In Malayalam she rose to fame with her role as Mammootty's mother in Rajamanikyam.

She became a house-hold name in Kerala playing the villainous mother-in-law character in the Malayalam serial Sthreedhanam. She owns the production company Good Company Productions.
Oliver Jones (visual effects artist)
Oliver Jones is a British special effects supervisor. Known for his works at LAIKA as a visual effects supervisor in acclaimed films such as  Coraline (2009), ParaNorman (2012), and Kubo and the Two Strings for which he received Academy Award for Best Visual Effects nomination at 89th Academy Awards, that he shared with Steve Emerson, Brian McLean, and Brad Schiff.

Academy Award for Best Visual Effects
The Academy Award for Best Visual Effects is presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for the best achievement in visual effects. It has been handed to four members of the team directly responsible for creating the film's visual effects since 1980.
2013 Macedonian local elections
The fifth local elections since the independence of the country for the election of local mayors of the municipalities of the Republic of Macedonia and members of municipality councils were held in 2013. There were two large coalitions on the elections: the Coalition for a Better Macedonia led by VMRO-DPMNE and the Union for the Future led by SDSM. Also present on the elections was the Democratic Union for Integration (DUI), Democratic Party of Albanians (DPA) and the Union of Roma Forces. There were two rounds in the elections on March 24, 2013, and April 7, 2013.

Local election
In many parts of the world, local elections take place to select office-holders in local government, such as mayors and councillors. Elections to positions within a city or town are often known as municipal elections. Their form and conduct vary widely across jurisdictions.
Svend Karlsen
Svend Karlsen (born 6 October 1967) is a Norwegian former strongman, powerlifter and bodybuilder. The winner of the 2001 World's Strongest Man and three times Norway's Strongest Man, he was well known for shouting his catch phrase "Viking Power!" while competing.

Being a winner of the World's Strongest Man, the Europe's Strongest Man, the World Muscle Power Classic, and 3 times runner up at the Arnold Strongman Classic, he is regarded as one of the greatest strongmen in history.

Squat (exercise)
A squat is a strength exercise in which the trainee lowers their hips from a standing position and then stands back up. During the descent, the hip and knee joints flex while the ankle joint dorsiflexes; conversely the hip and knee joints extend and the ankle joint plantarflexes when standing up.

Squats are considered a vital exercise for increasing the strength and size of the lower body muscles as well as developing core strength. The primary agonist muscles used during the squat are the quadriceps femoris, the adductor magnus, and the gluteus maximus. The squat also isometrically uses the erector spinae and the abdominal muscles, among others.

The squat is one of the three lifts in the strength sport of powerlifting, together with the deadlift and the bench press. It is also considered a staple exercise in many popular recreational exercise programs.
Chadian constitution of 1996
The Constitution of the Republic of Chad (French: Constitution de la République du Tchad) is the supreme law of Chad. Chad's seventh constitution, it was adopted in 1996, six years after President Idriss Déby rose to power following a successful rebellion against President Hissène Habré, this formal document establishes the framework of the Chadian state and government and enumerates the rights and freedoms of its citizens. In its current form, the contents of the Constitution include a preamble, 16 parts and 225 articles.

The Constitution, originally composed of 239 articles and 15 parts, has been amended in 2005 for the first time since 1996. In the amendments approved by the Chadian populace amid fraud allegations, the term limits for the presidency were eliminated, an amendment deeply resented by the opposition and parts of the establishment. It was replaced by a new text in 2018.

Preamble
A preamble (from Latin  preambulum 'preliminary, preface') is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy.  When applied to the opening paragraphs of a statute, it may recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute.  It is distinct from the long title or enacting formula of a law.

In the American context of parliamentary procedure, according to Robert's Rules of Order, a preamble consists of "Whereas" clauses that are placed before the resolving clauses in a resolution (formal written motion). However, preambles are not required to be placed in resolutions. According to Robert's Rules of Order, including such background information may not be helpful in passing the resolution.
Maximum entropy thermodynamics
In physics, maximum entropy thermodynamics (colloquially, MaxEnt thermodynamics) views equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics as inference processes. More specifically, MaxEnt applies inference techniques rooted in Shannon information theory, Bayesian probability, and the principle of maximum entropy. These techniques are relevant to any situation requiring prediction from incomplete or insufficient data (e.g., image reconstruction, signal processing, spectral analysis, and inverse problems). MaxEnt thermodynamics began with two papers by Edwin T. Jaynes published in the 1957 Physical Review.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
A Few Good Men
A Few Good Men is a 1992 American legal drama film, produced and directed by Rob Reiner and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted his 1989 play. It stars an ensemble cast including Tom Cruise, Jack Nicholson, Demi Moore, Kevin Bacon, Kevin Pollak, J. T. Walsh, Cuba Gooding Jr., and Kiefer Sutherland. The plot follows the court-martial of two U.S. Marines charged with the murder of a fellow Marine and the tribulations of their lawyers as they prepare a case.

A Few Good Men premiered on December 9, 1992, at Westwood, Los Angeles, and was released by Columbia Pictures in the United States on December 11. It received positive reviews and grossed $243 million on a budget of $40 million. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

Westwood, Los Angeles
Westwood is a commercial and residential neighborhood in the northern central portion of the Westside region of the city of Los Angeles, California. It is the home of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Bordering the campus on the south is Westwood Village, a major regional district for shopping, dining, movie theaters, and other entertainment.

Wilshire Boulevard through Westwood is a major corridor of condominium towers, on the eastern end and of Class A office towers, on the western end. Westwood also has residential areas of multifamily and single family housing, including exclusive Holmby Hills. The neighborhood was developed starting in 1919, and UCLA opened in 1929, while Westwood Village was built up starting in 1929 through the 1930s.
Kate Gosselin
Katie Irene Gosselin (née Kreider; born March 28, 1975) is a former television personality. She appeared on the American reality TV show Jon & Kate Plus 8, in which she and Jon Gosselin were profiled as they raised their atypical family of sextuplets and twins.

Wyomissing, Pennsylvania
Wyomissing /waɪəˈmɪsɪŋ/ is a borough in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States, adjacent to Reading. The borough was incorporated on July 2, 1906. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,114, compared to 10,461 at the 2010 census. The growth was significantly larger between 2000 and 2010 largely because of its merger in January 2002 with neighboring Wyomissing Hills. Wyomissing is the most populous borough in Berks County.

The borough is recognized as a Tree City USA and selected as a "Contender" for the best places to live in Pennsylvania by Money magazine.
Alexandru Sirițeanu
Alexandru Sirițeanu (Romanian pronunciation: [alekˈsandru siriˈt͡se̯anu]; born 16 April 1984) is a Romanian sabre fencer who competed in the 2012 Summer Olympics winning a silver medal in the sabre team event as a reserve.

Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics
The fencing competitions at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held from 28 July to 5 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre. Ten events (six individual, four team) were contested. The International Fencing Federation (FIE) had pushed for the inclusion of two more team events, but the International Olympic Committee voted to keep the format at ten events.

The women's individual épée semi final became a notable controversy at the 2012 Olympics when a time-keeping error by a games volunteer helped German Britta Heidemann beat South Korea's Shin A-lam. Despite there being two hundredths of a second remaining in the match, the timer could only be reset to a whole second after the mistake. The extra time was enough for the German to score a winning attack and proceed to the final.
Judith Worell
Judith Peschya Worell (born 1928) is a licensed clinical psychologist whose work has focused on developing a feminist model for counseling and psychotherapy. She is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Kentucky.

Worell served as President of the Society for the Psychology of Women, American Psychological Association (APA) Division 35, from 1997 to 1998 and as Editor of Psychology of Women Quarterly.

Psychology of Women Quarterly
Psychology of Women Quarterly is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the fields of psychology and women's studies, focusing on the psychological health of women. The journal's editor is Dawn M. Szymanski, PhD (University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States). It was established in 1976 and is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Society for the Psychology of Women, a division of the American Psychological Association.
Frederick M. Irish
Frederick Mortimer "Cap" Irish (May 16, 1870 – April 12, 1941) was an American football coach, college athletics administrator, and science instructor. He served as the first head football coach at the Territorial Normal School, renamed Tempe Normal School in 1903 and now known as Arizona State University, coaching from 1897 to 1906 and compiling a record of 12–8. Territorial Normal did not field a football team in 1898 or 1901. Irish was also the first athletic director at Territorial/Tempe Normal, serving from 1896 to 1913. In addition, he taught science at the school. Irish Field one of the original homes of Arizona State Football was also named after the coach and administrator.

Irish graduated from the University of Iowa in 1895 with a Bachelor of Science degree. He taught in his hometown of Dubuque, Iowa, before moving to Arizona.

Irish died at a hospital in Tempe, Arizona, on April 12, 1941. Irish Hall, a residence hall at Arizona State University, is named for him.

Dubuque, Iowa
Dubuque (/dəˈbjuːk/ ⓘ, dəb-YOOK) is a city in Dubuque County, Iowa, United States, and its county seat. The population was 59,667 at the 2020 census. The city lies along the Mississippi River at the junction of Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin, a region locally known as the Tri-State Area. It serves as the main commercial, industrial, educational, and cultural center for the area. Geographically, it is part of the Driftless Area, a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsin Glaciation, resulting in a hilly topography unlike most of the Midwestern United States.

Dubuque is a regional tourist destination featuring the city's architecture, casinos, and riverside location. It is home to five institutions of higher education. While Dubuque has historically been a center of manufacturing, the local economy also includes health care, publishing, and financial service sectors.
Solar eclipse of June 21, 2020
An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Sunday, June 21, 2020, with a magnitude of 0.994. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 6.2 days after apogee (on June 15, 2020, at 1:55 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

Annulus (mathematics)
In mathematics, an annulus (pl.: annuli or annuluses) is the region between two concentric circles. Informally, it is shaped like a ring or a hardware washer. The word "annulus" is borrowed from the Latin word anulus or annulus meaning 'little ring'. The adjectival form is annular (as in annular eclipse).

The open annulus is topologically equivalent to both the open cylinder S1 × (0,1) and the punctured plane.
George Scangos
George A. Scangos was a pharmaceutical executive and former chief executive officer of Vir Biotechnology from 2017 to 2023. Scangos was previously the chief executive officer of Biogen from 2010 to 2016 and of Exelixis from 1996 to 2010. Prior to joining industry, Scangos was a professor of biology at Johns Hopkins University.

Biogen
Biogen Inc. is an American multinational biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States specializing in the treatment of neurological diseases. The company's primary products are dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera), diroximel fumarate (Vumerity), interferon beta-1a (AVONEX), peginterferon beta-1a (Plegridy), and natalizumab (Tysabri), all for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (collectively 45% of 2024 revenues); nusinersen (Spinraza) for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (16.2% of 2024 revenues); omaveloxolone (Skyclarys) for the treatment of Friedreich's ataxia (4.0% of 2024 revenues); tofersen (Qalsody) for the treatment of ALS; and dimethyl fumarate (Fumaderm) for the treatment of severe plaque psoriasis. The company also produces 5 biosimilars (8.2% of 2024 revenues) and has collaborations with Genentech for several drugs (18.1% of 2024 revenues).

The company is ranked 424th on the Fortune 500 and 845th on the Forbes Global 2000.
Living Out Loud (album)
Living Out Loud is the debut studio album by Canadian country music singer Aaron Lines. The album was released by RCA Nashville. It was nominated for Country Recording of the Year at the 2004 Juno Awards. In the U.S., the album produced two chart singles in "You Can't Hide Beautiful" and "Love Changes Everything". The former peaked at No. 4 on Hot Country Songs and No. 38 on the Billboard Hot 100, while the latter peaked at No. 39 on the US country charts.

Juno Award for Country Album of the Year
The Juno Award for "Country Recording of the Year" has been awarded since 1970, as recognition each year for the best country music artist in Canada.  A number of previous award categories have been combined under this name, including "Best Country Male Artist", "Best Country Female Artist" and "Country Group or Duo of the Year".
2011 Abkhazian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Abkhazia on 26 August 2011. This was the fifth such election since the post of President of the Republic of Abkhazia was created in 1994. The election was held to elect the successor of president Sergei Bagapsh who died in office on 29 May 2011.

President of Abkhazia
The president of Abkhazia is the de facto head of state and head of government of the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia, that is de jure part of Georgia. The position was created in 1994. Before the office of president was created the head of state position was known as the chairman of Parliament between 1992 and the creation of the 1994 constitution. Before the position of Chairman of Parliament, the highest office in Abkhazia was the chairman of the Supreme Soviet. The post would last from the declaration of sovereignty from the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic on 25 August 1990 until the outright declaration of independence on 23 July 1992.
We All Sleep Alone
"We All Sleep Alone" is the second official single from American singer and actress Cher's self-titled eighteenth album, Cher (1987), released on January 28, 1988 by Geffen Records. The song was written and produced by Desmond Child, Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora. It was remixed over a decade later by Todd Terry for her 1998 album Believe. The single was also released on VHS containing the music video, as directed by Cher herself.

Geffen Records
Geffen Records (formerly The David Geffen Company from 1980 to 1992 and Geffen Records Inc. from 1993 to 2004) is an American record label owned by Interscope Geffen A&M (IGA), a division of the Interscope Capitol Labels Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded in 1980 by David Geffen, as a music subsidiary of his then film company Geffen Pictures, with financial and distribution support from Warner Bros. Records.

In 1990, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment, which later became part of Universal Music Group (UMG) through acquisitions by Panasonic and Seagram. Since its merger into the Interscope Geffen A&M group in 1999, Geffen has served as a syndicate label within Interscope Records, expanding its catalog through the absorption of other imprints. It has operated as a key platform for new releases, especially following its 2003 expansion and 2017 relaunch. As of 2024, Geffen is part of Universal Music Group's Interscope Capitol Labels Group.
Zion Wright
Zion Wright (born February 3, 1999) is an American regular-footed skateboarder. In 2019, Wright solidified himself as one of the newest generation's stars after being named a member of the USA Skateboarding Team.

Footedness
In human biology, footedness is the natural preference of one's left or right foot for various purposes. It is the foot equivalent of handedness. While purposes vary, such as applying the greatest force in a certain foot to complete the action of kick as opposed to stomping, footedness is most commonly associated with the preference of a particular foot in the leading position while engaging in foot- or kicking-related sports, such as association football and kickboxing. A person may thus be left-footed, right-footed or ambipedal (able to use both feet equally well).