hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Markham
Sir Alexander Fred Markham, born 1950, is professor of medicine at the University of Leeds, director of the Molecular Medicine Institute at St James's University Hospital, and a former chief executive of Cancer Research UK.

Cancer Research UK
Cancer Research UK (CRUK) is the world's largest independent cancer research organisation. It is registered as a charity in the United Kingdom, as well as the Isle of Man, and was formed on 4 February 2002 by the merger of The Cancer Research Campaign and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund. Cancer Research UK conducts research using both its own staff and grant-funded researchers. It also provides information about cancer and runs campaigns aimed at raising awareness and influencing public policy. The organisation's work is almost entirely funded by the public. It raises money through donations, legacies, community fundraising, events, retail and corporate partnerships. Over 25,000 people are regular volunteers.
Megalocnidae
Megalocnidae is an extinct family (alternatively considered to be a superfamily as Megalocnoidea) of sloths, native to the islands of the Greater Antilles from the Early Oligocene to the Mid-Holocene. They are known from Cuba, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, but are absent from Jamaica. While they were formerly placed in the Megalonychidae alongside two-toed sloths and ground sloths like Megalonyx, recent mitochondrial DNA and collagen sequencing studies place them as the earliest diverging group basal to all other sloths. or as an outgroup to Megatherioidea. They displayed significant diversity in body size and lifestyle, with Megalocnus being terrestrial and probably weighing several hundred kilograms, while Neocnus was likely arboreal and similar in weight to extant tree sloths, at less than 10 kilograms.

Rupelian
The Rupelian, in the geologic timescale, the older of two ages or the lower of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 33.9 and 27.3 Ma. It is preceded by the Priabonian Stage (part of the Eocene) and is followed by the Chattian Stage. The Rupelian is also known, informally, as the early Oligocene  and lower Oligocene.
Irving Sandler
Irving Sandler (July 22, 1925 – June 2, 2018) was an American art critic, art historian, and educator. He provided numerous first hand accounts of American art, beginning with abstract expressionism in the 1950s. He also managed the Tanager Gallery downtown and co-ordinated the New York Artists Club (the "Club") of the New York School from 1955 to its demise in 1962 as well as documenting numerous conversations at the Cedar Street Tavern and other art venues. Al Held named him, "Our Boswell of the New York scene," and Frank O'Hara immortalized him as the "balayeur des artistes" (sweeper-up after artists) because of Sandler's constant presence and habit of taking notes at art world events. Sandler saw himself as an impartial observer of this period, as opposed to polemical advocates such as Clement Greenberg and Harold Rosenberg.

10th Street galleries
The 10th Street galleries was a collective term for the co-operative galleries that operated mainly in the East Village on the east side of Manhattan, in New York City in the 1950s and 1960s. The galleries were artist run and generally operated on very low budgets, often without any staff. Some artists became members of more than one gallery. The 10th Street galleries were an avant-garde alternative to the Madison Avenue and 57th Street galleries that were both conservative and highly selective.
Verandah, Isle of Man
The Verandah, Isle of Man is a series of four bends which motorcyclists negotiate at high speed during road racing on the Snaefell Mountain Course on the Isle of Man.

Located on the primary A18 Snaefell Mountain Road which starts at Ramsey and traverses the Snaefell mountain at 1,400 ft (430 m) altitude before leading to Douglas, the Verandah is built around the edge of a Snaefell mountainside slope with adjacent steep drops, between the 29th and 30th Milestone markers measured from the start line at the TT Grandstand. Falling within the parishes of Lezayre and Lonan, it precedes The Bungalow, a major viewing point and visitor attraction on the TT course.

The Verandah series of bends follows the land contours of Snaefell mountain as an embankment with a purpose-built graded road section and reflects nineteenth-century highway construction practices.

Douglas, Isle of Man
Douglas (Manx: Doolish, pronounced [ˈdðuːlʲəʃ]) is the capital city and largest settlement of the Isle of Man, with a population of 26,677 (2021) and an area of 4.1 square miles (10.5 km2). It is located at the mouth of the River Douglas, and on a sweeping bay of two miles (three kilometres). The River Douglas forms part of the city's harbour and main commercial port.

Douglas was a small settlement until it grew rapidly as a result of links with the English port of Liverpool in the 18th century. Further population growth came in the following century, resulting during the 1860s in a staged transfer of the High Courts, the Lieutenant Governor's residence (actually located in nearby Onchan), and finally the seat of the legislature, Tynwald, to Douglas from the ancient capital, Castletown.

The city is the island's main hub for business, finance, legal services, shipping, transport, shopping, and entertainment. The annual Isle of Man TT motorcycle races start and finish in Douglas.
Paul the Apostle and women
The relationship between Paul the Apostle and women is an important element in the theological debate about Christianity and women because Paul was the first writer to give ecclesiastical directives about the role of women in the Church. However, there are arguments that some of these writings are post-Pauline interpolations.

Corinth
Corinth (/ˈkɒrɪnθ/ KORR-inth; Greek: Κόρινθος, romanized: Kórinthos, Modern Greek pronunciation: [ˈkorinθos]) is a city in the Peloponnese in Greece. The successor to the ancient city of Corinth, it is the capital of the Corinthia regional unit and the seat of the municipality of Corinth, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has a population of 38,485 according to the 2021 census, of whom 30,816 live within the city limits of Corinth.

It was founded as New Corinth (Greek: Νέα Κόρινθος, romanized: Néa Kórinthos) in 1858 after an earthquake destroyed the existing settlement of Corinth, which had developed in and around the site of the ancient city.
Mildred K. Nobles
Mildred Katherine Nobles (7 June 1903 – 26 March 1993) was a Canadian mycologist. Born in Colborne, Northumberland County, Ontario, the only surviving child of William Harold and Ethel Nobles, she spent her early life at the family farm in Vernonville. She was an authority of the culture and identification of wood-rotting fungi, and developed a numerical identification system today known as the "Nobles Species Code". Nobles died in Ottawa, Ontario after a short illness. She was awarded the "Distinguished Mycologist" award, along with Rolf Singer, by the Mycological Society of America in 1986.

Rolf Singer
Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a German mycologist and taxonomist of gilled mushrooms (agarics).

He wrote the book "The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy". He fled to various countries during the Nazi period, pursuing mycology in the Soviet Union, Argentina, and finally the United States, as mycologist at the Field Museum in Chicago.
Jelena Kostanić Tošić
Jelena Kostanić Tošić (née Kostanić; born 6 July 1981) is a former professional tennis player from Croatia.

On 26 July 2004, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 32. On 4 October 2004, she reached her highest doubles ranking of No. 30. Kostanić Tošić won eight doubles titles on the WTA Tour and four singles and ten doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. As a junior, she won the 1998 Australian Open.

Kostanić Tošić married Croatian table tennis player Roko Tošić on 8 July 2006 (until 6 January 2007 she competed as Jelena Kostanić).

At the 2008 Australian Open, Tošić was defeated in the first round by the eventual champion, Maria Sharapova, in straight sets.

Playing for Croatia Fed Cup team, Kostanić Tošić has a win–loss record of 19–20.

Her last professional tournament was the 2010 US Open.

2010 US Open (tennis)
The 2010 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 30 to September 13, 2010, in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, Queens, New York City, United States.

The tournament was initially going to finish with Men's Singles final on September 12, but was postponed due to rain on the last day and just before the men's tournament final. In the previous two years the tournament was also postponed because of weather.

Juan Martín del Potro and Kim Clijsters were the defending champions. Del Potro, due to a wrist injury, opted not to defend his title. Clijsters successfully defended her title with a score of 6–2, 6–1 in the final against Vera Zvonareva.
Udhowali Kalan
Udhowali Kalan is a village in Dera Baba Nanak in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) from sub district headquarter and 40 kilometres (25 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Dera Baba Nanak
Dera Baba Nanak is a town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district, in the state of Punjab, India. It is the sub-district headquarters of Dera Baba Nanak tehsil. It is 36 km away from Gurdaspur city, the capital of the district. In November 2019, a corridor between India and Pakistan was established at its shrine.
Stanford G. Ross
Stanford G. Ross (October 9, 1931 – August 26, 2020) was an American attorney who served as the 7th Commissioner of the Social Security Administration from 1978 to 1979.

Ross was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He went to Washington University as an undergraduate and went to Harvard Law School for his law degree. For four years he was a professor at the New York University School of Law, before becoming a White House staff assistant in 1967. From August 1967 to early 1968, he served as the Executive Director of the President's National Advisory Panel on Insurance in Riot-Affected Areas. Thereafter and until 1969, he was the General Counsel for the Department of the Treasury. After resigning from the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration, he began a law firm with Joseph A. Califano.

Ross was married to his wife, Dorothy, for sixty-two years. He had two children and two grandchildren. Ross died of heart failure on August 26, 2020, in Washington, D.C., at age 88.

New York University School of Law
40°43′49″N 73°59′58″W﻿ / ﻿40.73028°N 73.99944°W﻿ / 40.73028; -73.99944

The New York University School of Law (NYU Law) is the law school of New York University, a private research university in New York City.

Established in 1835, it was the first law school established in New York City and is the oldest extant law school in New York State and one of the oldest law schools in the United States. Located in Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan, NYU Law grants J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees.

As of 2025, NYU Law's first-time bar passage rate is 96.6 percent, with an ultimate bar passage rate of 99.2 percent.
Ömer Kemaloğlu
Ömer Kemaloğlu (born April 2, 1987) is a European champion Turkish karateka competing in the kumite -65 kg division. He is a member of the İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi S.K. Now he is physical education teacher in Sultangazi Cumhuriyet Anatolian Highschool

Kumite
Kumite (Japanese: 組手, literally "grappling hands") is one of the three main sections of karate training, along with kata and kihon. Kumite is the part of karate in which a person trains against an adversary.

Kumite can be used to develop a particular technique or a skill (e.g. effectively judging and adjusting one's distance from one's opponent) or it can be done in competition.
Elif Esen
Elif Esen is a Turkish politician and a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for the main opposition Republican People's Party. She was elected from the province of Muğla during the 2023 Turkish general election. Esen serves on the National Education, Culture, Youth and Sports Committee in the parliament.

2023 Turkish general election
General elections were held in Turkey on 14 May 2023, combining presidential elections and parliamentary elections to elect 600 members of the Grand National Assembly.

Election monitors criticized the conduct of the elections, observing restrictions on fundamental freedoms of assembly, association and expression. There was political interference in the electoral process, threats of throttling social media platforms, arrests of people posting criticisms on social media, and fines against media organizations that criticized the government. The state-run media heavily favored the AK Party, led by incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Popular political opponents were jailed or intimidated during the election campaign. A 2023 study in PLOS One found that the election was "riddled with statistical irregularities, that may be indicative of electoral fraud."
Haman Jo clan
The Haman Jo clan (Korean: 함안 조씨; Hanja: 咸安 趙氏) is one of many Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Haman County, South Gyeongsang Province. According to research held in 2015, the population of the Haman Jo clan was 282,890. Their founder was Jo Jeong, who was a chief vassal in Goryeo. He was the descendant of a royal family in the ancient Chinese state of Zhao. He went to Korea, and contributed to founding Goryeo. He was awarded Gongsin (Hanja: 功臣) and the Four-star rank.

Royal family
A royal family is the immediate family of monarchs and sometimes their extended family.

The term imperial family appropriately describes the family of an emperor or empress, and the term papal family describes the family of a pope, while the terms baronial family, comital family, ducal family, archducal family, grand ducal family, or princely family are more appropriate to describe, respectively, the relatives of a reigning baron, count/earl, duke, archduke, grand duke, or prince.

However, in common parlance members of any family which reigns by hereditary right are often referred to as royalty or "royals". It is also customary in some circles to refer to the extended relations of a deposed monarch and their descendants as a royal family. A dynasty is sometimes referred to as the "House of ...". In July 2013 there were 26 active sovereign dynasties in the world that ruled or reigned over 43 monarchies.
La Cheminée du roi René
La Cheminée du roi René (The Chimney of King René), Op. 205, is a suite in seven movements for wind quintet, composed in 1939 by the French composer Darius Milhaud. The title alludes to a Provençal proverb playing on words for 'fireplace', 'chimney' and 'promenade': the 15th-century King of Sicily René d'Anjou is said to have enjoyed walks in the winter sun of Provence.

Darius Milhaud
Darius Milhaud (French: [daʁjys mijo], Provençal: [miˈjawt]; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—The Group of Six—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions are influenced by jazz and Brazilian music and make extensive use of polytonality. Milhaud is considered one of the key modernist composers. He taught many future jazz and classical composers, including Burt Bacharach, Dave Brubeck, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, György Kurtág, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis among others.
Palacio de Buenavista
Buenavista Palace (Spanish: El Palacio de Buenavista or El Palacio de los Condes de Buenavista, "the palace of the counts of Buenavista") is a historical edifice in Málaga, Andalusia, Spain. It was built in the first half of the 16th century for Diego de Cazalla on the ruins of a Nasrid palace. Declared a "Property of Cultural Interest" in 1939, it was leased to the Spanish government in 1946 for a provincial art museum, which opened in 1961. In 1997 it was acquired to house the present Museo Picasso Málaga, which opened there in 2003. It is located in the historic center of Málaga, in the Calle San Agustín in the former Jewish quarter (judería), next to the San Agustín convent and not far from the Cathedral of Málaga.

Nasrid dynasty
The Nasrid dynasty (Arabic: بنو نصر banū Naṣr or بنو الأحمر banū al-Aḥmar; Spanish: Nazarí) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the Emirate of Granada from 1232 to 1492. It was the last Muslim dynasty in the Iberian Peninsula. Twenty-three sultans ruled Granada from the founding of the dynasty in 1232 by Muhammad I until 1492, when Muhammad XII surrendered all lands to Isabella I of Castile. Today, the most visible evidence of the Nasrid dynasty is the Alhambra palace complex built under their reign.
Baba Sucha Singh
Baba Sucha Singh (died 26 January 2007) was an Indian politician belonging to Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar). He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Bathinda  in Punjab. His son, Beant Singh was the assassin of Indian Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.

Bathinda Lok Sabha constituency
Bathinda Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 13 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies of Punjab state in northern India. In 18th Lokh Sabha, it is represented by Harsimart Kaur Badal. She has been representing Bathinda Lok Sabha Constituency in Lok Sabha since 2009. In general election of 2009, Harsimrat Kaur defeated Yuvraj Raninder Singh (Son of Captain Amarinder Singh) with margin of 1,20,948 votes. In 2014`s general election she defeated Manpreet Singh Badal with margin of 19,395 votes and in 2019, Amarinder Singh Raja warring lost to Harsimart Kaur Badal with a margin of 21,722 votes. In 2024 Indian general election, Harsimrat Kaur Badal was elected with a margin of 49,656 votes.
Giles Gherson
Giles Gherson is a Canadian civil servant and journalist. He was editor-in-chief of the Edmonton Journal and Toronto Star newspapers. He has worked as a civil servant in the Ontario government since 2007 and is currently the Deputy Minister of Ontario's Ministry of Economic Development and Growth and Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science.

Deputy minister (Canada)
In Canada, a deputy minister (DM; French: sous-ministre) is the senior civil servant in a government organization, who acts as deputy head. Deputy ministers take political direction from a minister of the Crown, who is typically an elected member of Parliament and responsible for the department.

The Canadian position is equivalent to the position of permanent secretary in the United Kingdom and the Australian position of departmental secretary. This position should not be confused with the deputy prime minister of Canada, who is not a civil servant at all, but a politician and senior member of the Cabinet.

Much of the current management structure of the Government of Canada – including the role of deputy heads – originates from the Royal Commission on Government Organization, also known as the Glassco Commission.

The title is not only used for the federal (national) government, but also for equivalent positions in the provincial and territorial governments.
Poor Little Rich Girl (1965 film)
Poor Little Rich Girl is a 1965 underground film by Andy Warhol starring Edie Sedgwick. Poor Little Rich Girl was conceived as the first film in part of a series featuring Sedgwick called The Poor Little Rich Girl Saga. The saga was to include other Warhol films: Restaurant, Face, and Afternoon.

The title references the 1936 film of the same name, starring Shirley Temple, whom Warhol idolized as a child. The title also serves as a sort of description of the star, heiress Edie Sedgwick.

Underground film
An underground film is a film that is out of the mainstream either in its style, genre or financing.

Notable examples include
John Waters' Pink Flamingos,
David Lynch's Eraserhead, 
Andy Warhol's Blue Movie,
Rosa von Praunheim's Tally Brown, New York,
Frank Henenlotter's Basket Case,
Nikos Nikolaidis' Singapore Sling, 
Rinse Dreams' Café Flesh, and
Jörg Buttgereit's Nekromantik.
Henri-Joseph de Croes
Henricus Josephus de Croes, Hendrik Jozef de Croes, known as Henri-Joseph de Croes (Brussels, 1748 – Regensburg, 1842) was a Flemish composer and violinist. He was Kapellmeister of the court orchestra of the Thurn und Taxis in Regensburg. He composed symphonies, various clarinet concertos, partitas, divertimenti and a Singspiel or opera.

Partita
Partita (also partie, partia, parthia, or parthie) closely resemble the dance suites of the Baroque Period (and are often used synonymously with suites and variations with the addition of a prelude movement at the beginning of each partita). It was originally the name for a single-instrumental piece of music (16th and 17th centuries), but Johann Kuhnau  (Thomaskantor at Leipzig until 1722), his student Christoph Graupner, and Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) used it for collections of musical pieces, as a synonym for suite. In the early Baroque period, a partita referred to a string of variations or a piece in parts that reflected different dances.
Die Heimkehr des Verbannten
Die Heimkehr des Verbannten (The Return of the Banished, 1844), (originally Il proscritto, 1841), is an opera by Otto Nicolai.

The libretto by Gaetano Rossi for Il proscritto, based on the play Le proscrit by Frédéric Soulié, had been given to Nicolai after being rejected by Verdi, this after Nicolai had rejected and given to Verdi Temistocle Solera's libretto for Nabucco. Whereas Verdi's opera was a triumph, Nicolai's, premiered 13 March 1841 at La Scala in Milan was a failure. On his return to Vienna Nicolai had Siegfried Kapper rework Rossi's libretto to produce Die Heimkehr des Verbannten, which premiered successfully on 3 February 1844 at the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna.

Gaetano Rossi
Gaetano Rossi (Italian: [ɡaeˈtaːno ˈrossi]; 18 May 1774 – 25 January 1855) was an Italian opera librettist for several of the well-known bel canto-era composers including Gioachino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti, and Saverio Mercadante in Italy and Giacomo Meyerbeer in one of his early Italian successes.  Other composers with whom he worked included Simon Mayr, a composer and Donizetti's teacher, as well as the prolific  Giovanni Pacini.
Paul Otto (historian)
Paul Otto is an American historian and Professor Emeritus of History at George Fox University. His main research is early America with specialty in Dutch-Native American relations, Native American history, and the history of wampum.

George Fox University
George Fox University is a private Christian university in Newberg, Oregon, United States. Founded as a school for Quakers in 1891, it is now the largest private university in Oregon with more than 4,000 students combined between its main campus in Newberg, its centers in Portland and Redmond, and online. The 108-acre (44 ha) main campus is near downtown Newberg, near the junction of Oregon Route 99W and Oregon Route 219. George Fox competes athletically at the NCAA Division III level in the Northwest Conference as the Bruins. The school colors are navy blue and old gold. The university is associated with the Evangelical Friends Church International and is a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Connection.
La Tour-Blanche Anticline
The La Tour-Blanche Anticline, also called Chapdeuil Anticline or Chapdeuil-La Tour-Blanche Anticline, is a tectonically caused, dome-like upwarp in the sedimentary succession of the northeastern Aquitaine Basin in France. The structure is oriented west-northwest-east-southeast.

Charente
Charente (French: [ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ; Saintongese: Chérente; Occitan: Charanta [tʃaˈɾantɔ]) is a department in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It is named after the river Charente, the most important and longest river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited. In 2019, it had a population of 352,015.