hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ernst Pflüger
Ernst Pflüger (1 July 1846, in Büren an der Aare – 30 September 1903, in Bern) was a Swiss ophthalmologist.

In 1870 he received his medical doctorate at the University of Bern, then furthered his education in ophthalmology at Utrecht University with Franciscus Donders and at the University of Vienna with Carl Ferdinand von Arlt. Afterwards, he worked as an eye doctor in Lucerne, and in 1876 became an associate professor and successor to Henri Dor at the University of Bern. From 1879 up until his death in 1903, he was a full professor of ophthalmology at the university.

From 1882 to 1896 he developed optotypes for the testing of vision. He also made contributions in the areas of retinoscopy, direct ophthalmoscopy and ophthalmometry. He published around 100 papers on topics such as myopia, glaucoma, color vision, et al.

Keratometer
A keratometer, also known as an ophthalmometer, is a diagnostic instrument for measuring the curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea, particularly for assessing the extent and axis of astigmatism. It was invented by the German physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz in 1851, although an earlier model was developed in 1796 by Jesse Ramsden and Everard Home.

A keratometer uses the relationship between object size (O), image size (I), the distance between the reflective surface and the object (d), and the radius of the reflective surface (R). If three of these variables are known (or fixed), the fourth can be calculated using the formula

There are two distinct variants of determining R; Javal-Schiotz type keratometers have a fixed image size and are typically 'two position', whereas Bausch and Lomb type keratometers have a fixed object size and are usually 'one position'.
Berns (surname)
Berns is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alphonse Berns (born 1952), Luxembourg diplomat

Augusto Berns (1842–after 1888), German engineer and entrepreneur that rediscovered Machu Picchu

Bert Berns (1929–1967), American songwriter

Ilene Berns (1943–2017), American record company director

Magdalen Berns (1983–2019), British YouTuber and radical feminist activist

Marguerite Bernes (1901–1996), Algerian nun recognised as Righteous Among the Nations

Rick Berns (born 1956), American football player

Sam Berns (1997–2014), American progeria sufferer and campaigner

Thomas B. Berns (1945–2019), American politician, civil engineer, and surveyor

Walter Berns (1919–2015), American law professor

Augusto Berns
Augusto Berns, originally Rudolph August Berns (born June 8, 1842, in Uerdingen; died after 1888), was a German engineer and entrepreneur. In 1867 he visited the abandoned Inca city of Machu Picchu in the Peruvian Andes, which nowadays is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and counted among the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Roberto Andino
Roberto Andino (born October 4, 1956) is a retired boxer from Puerto Rico, who competed in the men's lightweight division (– 60 kg). He represented his native country at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montréal, Canada. Andino captured the silver medal at the 1979 Pan American Games.

1979 Pan American Games
The 1979 Pan American Games, officially the VIII Pan American Games (Spanish: VIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as San Juan 1979, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization (PASO), and were held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from July 1 to  July 15, 1979. Volleyball and some baseball matches were held in Caguas, Puerto Rico. The 1980 documentary film A Step Away showcased a number of athletes competing in the Games.
North Mankato, Minnesota
North Mankato (/mænˈkeɪtoʊ/ ⓘ man-KAY-toh) is a city in Nicollet and Blue Earth Counties, Minnesota, United States. The population was 14,275 at the 2020 census. North Mankato is situated on the north bank of the Minnesota River, across from the larger city of Mankato.

Most of North Mankato is in Nicollet County, but a small part extends into Blue Earth County. It is neighbored to the south across the Minnesota River by Mankato. The two cities have a combined population of 58,763. North Mankato is the smaller of the two principal cities of the Mankato-North Mankato Metropolitan Statistical Area.

North Mankato was incorporated as a village on December 19, 1898. U.S. Highways 14 and 169 and Minnesota State Highway 60 are three of the city's main routes.

Minnesota State Highway 60
Trunk Highway 60 (MN 60) is a 221.532-mile-long (356.521 km) highway in southern Minnesota, which runs from Iowa Highway 60 at the Iowa state line (at Bigelow) and continues east-northeast to its eastern terminus at the Wisconsin state line (at Wabasha), where the route becomes Wisconsin Highway 25 upon crossing the Mississippi River.

Highway 60 is the only state highway in Minnesota which runs from one border to another.  The route runs in a general southwest-to-northeast direction.

Its western half forms a large portion of the four-lane expressway connecting Sioux City and the Twin Cities.
Usman Ashraf (Pakistani cricketer)
Usman Ashraf (born 15 December 1989) is a Pakistani cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Islamabad in the 2010–11 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy on 22 November 2010. In April 2018, he played for Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL) in the final of the Patron's Trophy Grade-II tournament. ZTBL won the match, to qualify for the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy.

Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited cricket team
The Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited cricket team, formerly known as Agriculture Development Bank of Pakistan cricket team, was a first-class cricket side in Pakistan. It was sponsored by the Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited. In May 2019, then Prime Minister Imran Khan revamped the domestic cricket structure in Pakistan, excluding departmental teams like Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited in favour of regional sides. The decision and the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) were criticised for removing departmental sides, with players voicing their concern to revive the teams.
Debert Palaeo-Indian Site
The Debert Palaeo-Indian Site is located nearly three miles southeast of Debert, Colchester County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Nova Scotia Museum has listed the site as a Special Place under the Special Places Protection Act. The site acquired its special status when it was discovered as the only and oldest archaeological site in Nova Scotia. The Debert site is significant to North American archaeology because it is the most North-easterly Palaeo-Indian site discovered to date. It also provides evidence for the earliest human settlements in eastern North America, which have been dated to 10,500–11,000 years ago. Additionally, this archaeological site remains one of the few Palaeo-Indian settlements to be identified within the region of North America that was once glaciated.

Debert
Debert (English: /dəˈbɜːrt/ də-BURT; 2006 pop: 1,471) is an unincorporated farming community in Nova Scotia, Canada. Located in the central-western part of Colchester County, it is approximately 20 km (12 mi) west of Truro.

The community has two churches (United Baptist Church and United Church of Canada), Royal Canadian Legion (Branch 106), a skating rink, a community centre, two vehicle repair garages, one convenience store, and a volunteer fire department.

Debert is situated near coal and iron ore deposits that were mined in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Debert became a station stop on the Halifax-Montreal mainline of the Intercolonial Railway in the 1870s. This railway line continues to this day under the ownership of Canadian National Railway (CN Rail), with passenger service provided by Via Rail, but without a stop at Debert.
Chottanikkara Amma
Chottanikkara Amma is a 1976 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Crossbelt Mani and produced by Thiruvonam Pictures. The film stars Srividya, Kaviyoor Ponnamma, Adoor Bhasi and Hari in the lead roles. The film has musical score by R. K. Shekhar and lyrics by Bharanikkavu Sivakumar

Crossbelt Mani
K. Velayudhan Nair, better known by his stage name Crossbelt Mani (22 April 1935 – 30 October 2021), was an Indian film director and cinematographer, who worked in the Malayalam cinema. He directed more than 40 Malayalam movies and worked as a cinematographer for ten movies. He became popular with his second movie Cross Belt in 1970 and adopted Crossbelt to his name. Veteran director Joshiy worked as an assistant director under him.
The Orange Lights
The Orange Lights are a downtempo/indie/rock band from Newcastle upon Tyne, England.

The group's vocalist is Jason ("Jay") Hart, former guitarist in Jason Pierce's band Spiritualized. Co-founder of The Orange Lights is Newcastle-based keyboard player and songwriter Paul Tucker, who is also one half of pop/soul duo Lighthouse Family.

Their debut album, Life Is Still Beautiful, was released in 2007 on Blackbird Records and was produced by Ken Nelson and Chris Potter, and mixed by Chris Lord-Alge.

Spiritualized
Spiritualized (stylised as Spiritualized®) are an English rock band formed in 1990 in Rugby, Warwickshire, by Jason Pierce (often known as J. Spaceman), formerly of Spacemen 3. The band had fluid personnel in its early years but by 1999 became centred on Pierce (vocals, guitar), Doggen Foster (guitar) and Kevin Bales (drums and percussion), with revolving bassists and keyboardists. Bassist James Stelfox has been playing with the band since 2012.

As of 2023, Spiritualized have released nine studio albums. The best known and most critically acclaimed of these is 1997's Ladies and Gentlemen We Are Floating in Space, which NME magazine named as their Album of the Year.
2017 Dunlop World Challenge – Women's doubles
Ksenia Lykina and Akiko Omae were the defending champions, but Omae chose not to participate.

Lykina partnered alongside Junri Namigata, and successfully defended her title, defeating Nicha Lertpitaksinchai and Peangtarn Plipuech in the final, 3–6, 6–3, [10–4].

Junri Namigata
Junri Namigata (波形 純理, Namigata Junri, born 5 July 1982) is a Japanese tennis player. Her career-high WTA singles ranking is 105, which she reached in February 2011. Her career-high doubles ranking is 101, achieved May 2015.
2017 China Open (tennis)
The 2017 China Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 19th edition of the China Open for the men (21st for the women). It was part of ATP World Tour 500 series on the 2017 ATP World Tour, and the last WTA Premier Mandatory tournament of the 2017 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events were held at the National Tennis Center in Beijing, China, from October 2 to October 8, 2017.

Wang Qiang (tennis)
Wang Qiang (Chinese: 王蔷; pinyin: Wáng Qiáng; Mandarin pronunciation: [wǎŋ tɕʰjǎŋ]; born 14 January 1992) is a Chinese former professional tennis player. On 9 September 2019, Wang achieved her highest singles ranking of world No. 12, becoming the third-highest ranked Chinese tennis player in history after Li Na and Zheng Qinwen.

She has won two singles titles on the WTA Tour, one WTA Challenger singles title, and 14 singles titles and one doubles title on the ITF Circuit. Her best performance at a major came at the 2019 US Open when she advanced to the quarterfinals. Alongside Li Na, Zheng Jie, Peng Shuai, Zhang Shuai and Zheng Qinwen, Wang is one of only six Chinese tennis players to have reached the quarterfinals of a major.
Rassam
Rassam (Arabic: رسّام) also spelled with the definite article Al Rassam, is a common Arabic surname meaning artist, painter or draftsman. The noun is also present in Azerbaijani, Turkish, and Uzbek.

Notable people with the surname include:

Abdul Qadir Al Rassam (1882–1952), Iraqi painter

Dimitri Rassam, French film producer

Hind Rassam Culhane, Iraqi and Lebanese educator and journalist of Assyrian descent

Hormuzd Rassam (1826–1910), native Assyrian and Christian Assyriologist

Hossein Rassam, former employee of the British Embassy in Tehran

Hussam Al Rassam, Iraqi singer

Ibn Rassam, Egyptian Muslim alchemist and tile-maker and mosaic designer, who flourished during the Mamluk Bahri dynasty

Jean-Pierre Rassam, French Lebanese film producer

Julien Rassam, French Lebanese actor

Jean-Pierre Rassam
Jean-Pierre Rassam (14 October 1941 – 28 January 1985) was a French film producer mostly active during the 1970s. He was found dead, age 43, in his suite at the Plaza Athénée, the cause of death being barbiturate overdose, in 1985.
Executive Order 14176
Executive Order 14176, titled "Declassification of Records Concerning the Assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.", is an executive order signed by Donald Trump on January 23, 2025, to declassify records about the assassinations of John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Martin Luther King. The John F. Kennedy assassination files were released in March 2025, the Robert F. Kennedy assassination files were released in April, May, and June 2025, and the Martin Luther King assassination files were released in July 2025.

Declassification
Declassification is the process of ceasing a protective classification, often under the principle of freedom of information. Procedures for declassification vary by country. Papers may be withheld without being classified as secret, and eventually made available.
Holzgauer Wetterspitze
Holzgauer Wetterspitze is a mountain in the Lechtal Alps of Tyrol, Austria. The elevation at its peak is 2,895 metres (9,498 ft). It is located in the district of Reutte, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south of Holzgau, for which its name (meaning "Holzgau weather tip/point") is derived, and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Kaisers. It is also about 600 metres (2,000 ft) north of the Feuerspitze (2,852 m).

The mountain consists primarily of limestone from the Upper Triassic period.

Reutte District
The Bezirk Reutte is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Tyrol, Austria. It borders Bavaria (Germany) in the north, the districts Imst and Landeck in the south, and Bregenz and Bludenz (both in Vorarlberg) in the west. The district is also referred to as Außerfern.

The district is 1,236.37 km2 (477.37 square miles), with a population of 31,758 (January 1, 2012), and population density of 26 inhabitants per square kilometre (67/sq mi). Administrative center is Reutte.
2018 J&T Banka Prague Open – Doubles
Anna-Lena Grönefeld and Květa Peschke were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Grönefeld was scheduled to play alongside Raquel Atawo, but the pair withdrew due to Atawo's abductor injury. Peschke teamed up with Nicole Melichar and successfully defended the title, defeating Mihaela Buzărnescu and Lidziya Marozava in the final, 6–4, 6–2.

Raquel Atawo
Raquel Atawo (née Kops-Jones; born December 8, 1982) is an American former professional tennis player, who is currently the head women's tennis coach for the Washington State Cougars.

She is primarily a doubles specialist, winning 18 WTA doubles titles, including two Premier-5 titles at the 2012 Toray Pan Pacific Open and the 2014 Cincinnati Masters, and reaching the semifinals of the 2014 Australian Open, 2015 Wimbledon Championships and 2016 Wimbledon Championships, all alongside her regular partner, fellow American Abigail Spears.

Before serving as the head coach at Washington State, Atawo was an assistant women's tennis coach for Auburn University and a volunteer coach for University of California women's tennis.
Antoinette de Vaucouleurs
Antoinette de Vaucouleurs (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twanɛt də vokulœʁ]; November 14, 1921, Paris, France-August 29, 1987, Austin, Texas, USA) was an astronomer who worked in the Astronomy Department of the University of Texas at Austin for 25 years (1961-1986) when few women worked in the field. In addition to ongoing collaborations with her husband, Gérard de Vaucouleurs, she carried out her own research in spectroscopy.  Her contributions (and Gérard's) were recognized in a festschrift in 1988, entitled The World of Galaxies.

UCL Observatory
UCL Observatory (called the University of London Observatory until 2015) at Mill Hill in London is an astronomical teaching observatory. It is part of the Department of Mathematical & Physical Sciences at University College London.
Random (rapper)
Emanuele Caso (born 26 April 2001), known professionally as Random, is an Italian rapper and singer. His stage name is a pun on his surname: "a caso" means "at random" in Italian.

He participated at the Sanremo Music Festival 2021 with the song "Torno a te".

Pun
A pun, also known as a paronomasia in the context of linguistics, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language.

A pun differs from a malapropism in that a malapropism is an incorrect variation on a correct expression, while a pun involves expressions with multiple (correct or fairly reasonable) interpretations. Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, especially as their usage and meaning are usually specific to a particular language or its culture.

Puns have a long history in writing. For example, the Roman playwright Plautus was famous for his puns and word games.
Street Farm
Street Farm was a London-based collective active in the early 1970s, with its origins in the Architectural Association (AA). Its core members were AA students Peter Crump, Bruce Haggart and Graham Caine.

Street Farm was discontinued in around 1976, although Graham Caine and Peter Crump continued to work on sustainable architecture projects in the Bristol area in later years. The group's ideas and projects proved influential as renewable energy and concern for sustainability in architecture became more mainstream in subsequent decades, with leading green architects, including Paul F. Downton and Howard Liddell, citing early encounters with the Street Farmers as important inspirations for their careers.

Howard Liddell (architect)
Howard Laurence Liddell (7 June 1945 – 23 February 2013) was a British architect who was a pioneer of sustainable development and passive housing. He has been called "one of the most influential green architects of his generation". He was principal of Gaia Architects, which pioneered ecologically friendly and brettstapel design. He was awarded an OBE in the 2013 New Year Honours list but died before he was due to collect it.
Mount Pleasant Historic District (Mount Pleasant, South Carolina)
Mount Pleasant Historic District (also known as Old Village Historic District) is a national historic district located at Mount Pleasant, Charleston County, South Carolina. The district encompasses nine contributing buildings in the town of Mount Pleasant.  The dwellings reflect Mount Pleasant's historic role as a summer resort town.  The building reflect  architectural styles of the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, including vernacular Georgian, Greek Revival and Gothic Revival.  Notable buildings include the Mount Pleasant Presbyterian Church, St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, Mount Pleasant Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Hibben-McIver House, 200 Bank Street, and the Captain Peter Lewis House.  Located in the district is the separately listed Old Courthouse.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Charleston County, South Carolina
Charleston County is located in the U.S. state of South Carolina along the Atlantic coast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 408,235, making it the third-most populous county in South Carolina (behind Greenville and Richland counties). Its county seat is Charleston. It is also the largest county in the state by total area, although Horry County has a larger land area. The county was created in 1800 by an act of the South Carolina State Legislature. Charleston County is included in the Charleston-North Charleston, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Lowcountry region of South Carolina.
Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 50 metre breaststroke
The men's 50 metre breaststroke at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships took place on 27 March (heats and semifinals) and on the evening of 28 March (final) at Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, Australia. 136 swimmers were entered in the event, of which 127 swam.

Existing records at the start of the event were:

World record (WR): 27.18, Oleg Lisogor (Ukraine), 2 August 2002 in Berlin, Germany.

Championship record (CR): 27.46, James Gibson (Great Britain), Barcelona 2003 (22 July 2003)

Rod Laver Arena
Rod Laver Arena is a multipurpose arena located within Melbourne Park, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The arena is the main venue for the Australian Open, the first Grand Slam tennis tournament of the calendar year.
Newmarket Hurricanes (2025)
The Newmarket Hurricanes is the name of a junior ice hockey franchise in the Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL) based in Newmarket, Ontario. The team debuted as the Hurricanes in the 2025–26 OJHL season. The franchise previously was based in Toronto and known as the Toronto Jr. Canadiens from 2006–2025.

In the 2024–25 OJHL regular season, average attendance for Toronto Jr. Canadiens home games was about 95 spectators. That same year, the team played two of its home games in Newmarket and had a turnout of 526 and 478 spectators respectively.

A previous OJHL franchise in Newmarket, also known as the Hurricanes, relocated to Milton in 2019 and rebranded as the Milton Menace. Local news media quoted its former owner saying, "Newmarket doesn’t care about junior hockey."

Milton, Ontario
Milton (2021 census population 132,979) is a town in Southern Ontario, Canada, and part of the Halton Region in the Greater Toronto Area. Between 2001 and 2011, Milton was the fastest growing municipality in Canada, with a 71.4% increase in population from 2001 to 2006 and another 56.5% increase from 2006 to 2011. In 2016, Milton's census population was 110,128 with an estimated growth to 228,000 by 2031. It remained the fastest growing community in Ontario but was deemed to be the sixth fastest growing in Canada at that time.

Milton is located 54 km (34 mi) west of Downtown Toronto on Highway 401, and is the western terminus for the Milton line commuter train and bus corridor operated by GO Transit. Milton is situated on the Niagara Escarpment, a UNESCO world biosphere reserve and the Bruce Trail.
Idama Grama Niladhari Division
Idama Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Moratuwa Divisional Secretariat  of Colombo District  of Western Province, Sri Lanka .  It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 552.

St. Sebastian's College, Moratuwa, Prince of Wales' College, Moratuwa and Princess of Wales' College  are located within, nearby or associated with Idama.

Idama is a surrounded by the Horethuduwa North, Rawathawatta West, Kadalana, Moratuwella North, Uyana South and Rawathawatta South  Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Grama Niladhari
Grama Niladhari (English: village officer, Sinhala: ග්‍රාම නිලධාරී, romanized: grāma niladhārī, Tamil: கிராம உத்தியோகத்தர், romanized: Kirāma uttiyōkattar) is a Sri Lankan public official appointed by the central government by
the act No.2 of 1993. Grama Niladhari (GN) are entrusted with multifaceted duties and responsibilities under as 46 legislative enactments of Sri Lanka.