hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chinese Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area
The Chinese Canadian community in the Greater Toronto Area was first established around 1877, with an initial population of two laundry owners. While the Chinese Canadian population was initially small in size, it dramatically grew beginning in the late 1960s due to changes in immigration law and political issues in Hong Kong. Additional immigration from Southeast Asia in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and related conflicts and a late 20th century wave of Hong Kong immigration led to the further development of Chinese ethnic enclaves in the Greater Toronto Area. The Chinese established many large shopping centres in suburban areas catering to their ethnic group. There are 679,725 Chinese in the Greater Toronto Area as of the 2021 census, second only to New York City for largest Chinese community in North America.

Olivia Chow was the first Chinese-Canadian mayor of Toronto following the 2023 Toronto mayoral by-election.

Mayor of Toronto
The mayor of Toronto is the head of Toronto City Council and chief executive officer of the municipal government. The mayor is elected alongside city council every four years on the fourth Monday of October; there are no term limits. While in office, mayors are styled His/Her Worship.

Olivia Chow has served as the 66th and current mayor of Toronto since July 12, 2023, after winning the 2023 by-election.
Kvabliani (river)
Kvabliani (Georgian: ქვაბლიანი) is a river on the southern slope of the Meskheti Range, in the Khulo and Adigeni municipalities. It originates at 2355 m above sea level. Attached to the river Potskhovistskali from the left. Length 41 km, basin area 900 km. It feeds on snow, rain and groundwater. Floods are known in spring, waterlogging in summer and winter, and floods in autumn. 52% of annual runoff flows in spring, 16% in summer, 20% in autumn and 12% in winter. Frostbite, toss, drizzle, ice cover are common occurrences from November to March. The average annual flow at the confluence is 16.2 m3/ s. Used for irrigation.

Adigeni Municipality
Adigeni (Georgian: ადიგენის მუნიციპალიტეტი) is a municipality in Georgia's southern region of Samtskhe-Javakheti. Covering an area of about 799.5 km2 (309 sq mi). As of 2021 it had a population of 16,092 people. The borough (daba) Adigeni is its administrative centre.
Habib Abu Shahla
Habib Abu Shahla (Arabic: حبيب أبو شهلا / Ḥabīb Abū Shahlā, also spelled Abou Chahla) or Abi Shahla (Arabic: أبي شهلا / Abī Shahlā, also spelled Abi Chahla; 1902 – 22 March 1957) was a Lebanese politician and public figure, several times member of Parliament. He hailed from an Orthodox family. Abu Shahla had studied at the American University of Beirut and at the University of Paris. He was the minister of justice in 1943 and the minister of education and Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon between 1943 and 1945 and the speaker of the Lebanese Parliament between 1946 and 1947.

A street bears his name and a statue of him stands in Beirut.

American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees.

AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.
Adduct purification
Adduct purification is a technique for preparing extremely pure simple organometallic compounds, which are generally unstable and hard to handle, by purifying a stable adduct with a Lewis acid and then obtaining the desired product from the pure adduct by thermal decomposition.

Epichem Limited is the licensee of the major patents in this field, and uses the trademark EpiPure to refer to adduct-purified materials; Professor Anthony Jones at Liverpool University is the initiator of the field and author of many of the important papers.

The choice of Lewis acid and of reaction medium is important; the desired organometallics are almost always air- and water-sensitive. Initial work was done in ether, but this led to oxygen impurities, and so more recent work involves tertiary amines or nitrogen-substituted crown ethers.

Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether (abbreviated as eth. or Et2O) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)2O, belonging to the ether class. It is a colourless, highly volatile, sweet-smelling (termed "ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It is a common solvent and was formerly used as a general anesthetic.
Fort Meade
Fort George G. Meade is a United States Army installation located in Maryland, that includes the Defense Information School, the Defense Media Activity, the United States Army Field Band, and the headquarters of United States Cyber Command, the National Security Agency, the Defense Courier Service, Defense Information Systems Agency headquarters, and the U.S. Navy's Cryptologic Warfare Group Six. It is named for George G. Meade, a Union general from the American Civil War, who served as commander of the Army of the Potomac. The fort's smaller census-designated place includes support facilities such as schools, housing, and the offices of the Military Intelligence Civilian Excepted Career Program (MICECP).

Army of the Potomac
The Army of the Potomac was the primary field army of the Union army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in June 1865 following the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in April.
Theodhor Haxhifilipi
Theodhor Haxhifilipi, also known as Dhaskal Todhri (Elbasan, c.1730–1805), was a teacher from Elbasan, who is credited as an inventor of an original Albanian alphabet. The Todhri script, as is called because of him, according to Kostandin Kristoforidhi, was either invented by Theodor, or brought by him from Voskopojë. Theodhor is the author of numerous translations of liturgical works in Albanian, of which only a few survived. A mass of John Chrysostom, preserved in a later manuscript of 32 pages, is amongst the rare ones kept at the National Library of Albania.

Elbasan
Elbasan (/ˌɛlbəˈsɑːn/ EL-bə-SAHN, Albanian: [ɛlbaˈsan]; Albanian definite form: Elbasani, pronounced [ɛlbaˈsani]) is the fourth most populous city of Albania and seat of Elbasan County and Elbasan Municipality. It lies to the north of the river Shkumbin between the Skanderbeg Mountains and the Myzeqe Plain in central Albania.
Hertling
Hertling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Franz Xaver von Hertling (1780–1844), Bavarian Lieutenant General and War Minister

Friedrich von Hertling (1781–1850), Bavarian Lieutenant General and Acting War Minister

Franz Xaver Freiherr von Hertling (1780–1844), Bavarian lieutenant general and War Minister

Georg von Hertling (1843–1919), Bavarian politician, Prime Minister of Bavaria and then of Prussia, and Chancellor of the German Empire

Knud Ludvig Johannes Hertling (1925–2010), Greenlandic-Danish politician

Mark Hertling (born 1953), United States Army general

Nele Hertling (born 1934), German theatre manager and promoter of innovative culture

Richard Hertling (born 1960), Acting United States Assistant Attorney General

William Hertling (born 1970), American science fiction writer and programmer

Theater manager
A theater manager, also called a general manager, managing director, or intendant (British English), is the administrator of a theater. They often also have the responsibilities of an artistic director but in any case oversee all administrative, marketing, production, and financial functions of their theater. They often report to a board and must have excellent communication skills, the ability to work independently, and strong organizational capacity.  They also typically have prior training or experience in one of the art forms and have experience working in professional productions in some capacity. They must also have experience with budget creation and management, planning, budgeting/financial tracking, contract management, accounting, and schedule tracking.
Ricardo Viana Vargas
Ricardo Viana Vargas is a Brazilian engineer, author of project management books and executive director of Brightline Initiative: a strategic initiative management movement formed by The Boston Consulting Group (BCG), Project Management Institute (PMI), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Saudi Telecom Company, Lee Hecht Harrison, NetEase and Agile Alliance.

Previously, Vargas was the director of infrastructure (engineering) and project management at the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS).

Stc Group
The Saudi Telecom Company, (Arabic: شركة الاتصالات السعودية), trading as STC Group (stylised as stc), provides ICT services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, across the Middle East and Europe. The group offers landline and fixed infrastructure, mobile and data services, and broadband & cloud computing services. It also offers online payments, telecommunications, IOT, 5G,  e-gaming, cybersecurity, digital entertainment, and fintech.
Zhou Jiawei
Zhou Jiawei (born 23 August 1983) is a national-record-holding swimmer from China. He set the Asian Record in the long-course 50m butterfly (23.43) at the 2009 Chinese Nationals; and set the Chinese Record also in the long-course 100 butterfly (51.24) at the 2009 Chinese National Games.

Born in Guangdong, Zhou has swum for China at the:

Asian Games: 2006, 2010

World Championships: 2007, 2009

2009 Asian Swimming Championships

At the 2006 Asian Games, he finished 4th place in the 100 butterfly (53.24). At the 2010 Asian Games, he won both the 50 and 100 butterfly events.

National Games of China
The National Games of the People's Republic of China is the highest-level comprehensive multi-sport event of China. It is hosted by the General Administration of Sport of China. The games is held every four years, usually in the summer or autumn of the year after the Summer Olympics.

The National Games was first held in 1959 in Beijing at the Workers' Stadium, when 10,658 athletes competed across 384 events in 42 sports.
Bartonella capreoli
Bartonella capreoli is a pathogenic bacteria first isolated from European ruminants. It is small, fastidious, aerobic, oxidase-negative, gram-negative and rod-shaped. Its type strain is IBS 193T (= CIP 106691T = CCUG 43827T).

Oxidase
In biochemistry, an oxidase is an oxidoreductase (any enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction) that uses dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. In reactions involving donation of a hydrogen atom, oxygen is reduced to water (H2O) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving monoamine oxidase or xanthine oxidase, typically do not involve free molecular oxygen.

The oxidases are a subclass of the oxidoreductases. The use of dioxygen is the only unifying feature; in the EC classification, these enzymes are scattered in many categories.
Click Clack Jack
Click Clack Jack: A Rail Legend is a 2008 Christian family film directed by Ryan Bodie. The film has received several film festival awards, including Best Short Film at the New York International Independent Film and Video Festival. It was produced in California on an estimated budget of $1,000,000.

Children's film
A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that generally relates to children in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.
Dundonald Links
Dundonald Links is a golf course in North Ayrshire, Scotland. The course was designed by Willie Fernie and opened in 1911. It had an extensive renovation in the early 2000s.

In 2017, the course hosted the men’s and women’s Scottish Opens. In 2023, the women's event returned to the course. In 2025, the Women's Scottish Open will again be held at Dundonald.

In 2025, the course's clubhouse was named "Best in Scotland". It was the second time in three years that the clubhouse was awarded this honor.

North Ayrshire
North Ayrshire (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Àir a Tuath, pronounced [ˈʃirˠəxk aːɾʲ ə ˈt̪ʰuə]) is one of 32 council areas in Scotland. The council area borders Inverclyde to the north, Renfrewshire and East Renfrewshire to the northeast, and East Ayrshire and South Ayrshire to the east and south respectively. The local authority is North Ayrshire Council, formed in 1996 with the same boundaries as the district of Cunninghame, which existed from 1975 to 1996.

Located in the west central Lowlands with the Firth of Clyde to its west, the council area covers the northern portion of the historic county of Ayrshire, in addition to the islands of Arran and The Cumbraes from the historic county of Buteshire. North Ayrshire had an estimated population of 134,010 in 2024. Its largest towns are Irvine and Kilwinning. From 1975 to 1996 under the name Cunninghame it was one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region.
Mierzęcin, Gmina Polska Cerekiew
Mierzęcin ([mjɛˈʐɛnt͡ɕin], additional name in German: Mierzenzin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Polska Cerekiew, within Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

Kędzierzyn-Koźle County
Kędzierzyn-Koźle County (Polish: powiat kędzierzyńsko-kozielski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Kędzierzyn-Koźle, which lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) south-east of the regional capital Opole.

The county covers an area of 625.28 square kilometres (241.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 94,135, out of which the population of Kędzierzyn-Koźle is 60,852 and the rural population is 33,283.
Host Based Security System
Host Based Security System (HBSS) is the official name given to the United States Department of Defense (DOD) commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) suite of software applications used within the DOD to monitor, detect, and defend the DOD computer networks and systems.  The Enterprise-wide Information Assurance and computer Network Defense Solutions Steering Group (ESSG) sponsored the acquisition of the HBSS System for use within the DOD Enterprise Network.  HBSS is deployed on both the Non-Classified Internet Protocol Routed Network (NIPRNet) and Secret Internet Protocol Routed Network (SIPRNet) networks, with priority given to installing it on the NIPRNet.  HBSS is based on McAfee, Inc's ePolicy Orchestrator (ePO) and other McAfee point product security applications such as Host Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS).

SIPRNet
The Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNet) is "a system of interconnected computer networks used by the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of State to transmit classified information (up to and including information classified SECRET) by packet switching over the 'completely secure' environment". It also provides services such as hypertext document access and electronic mail.

SIPRNet is a component of the Defense Information Systems Network. Other components handle communications with other security needs, such as the  NIPRNet, which is used for nonsecure communications, and the Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS), which is used for Top Secret communications.
1978 NSL Cup final
The 1978 NSL Cup final was the second NSL Cup Final, the final match of the 1978 NSL Cup. It was played at Perry Park in Brisbane, Australia, on 8 October 1978, contested by Brisbane City and Adelaide City. Brisbane won the match 2–1.

NSL Cup
The National Soccer League Cup (known most commonly as the NSL Cup) was an annual knockout football competition in men's domestic Australian soccer organised by the Australian Soccer Federation between 1977 and 1997.
Zrinski Park
Zrinski Park (Croatian: Perivoj Zrinskih) is situated in downtown Čakovec, northern Croatia, close to the central square.

The area had been a part of the city fortification since the 13th century. The castle, located in the centre of the Park, was owned by the Zrinski family between the 16th and the 18th century. It is known today as the "Old Town of the Zrinskis" (Croatian: Stari grad Zrinskih) and is an important landmark.

Zrinski family
The House of Zrinski or Zrínyi was a Croatian-Hungarian noble family, a cadet branch of the Croatian noble tribe of Šubić, influential during the period in history marked by the Ottoman wars in Europe in the Kingdom of Croatia's union with the Kingdom of Hungary and in the later Kingdom of Croatia as a part of the Habsburg monarchy. Notable members of this family were Bans of Croatia, considered national heroes in both Croatia and Hungary, and were particularly celebrated during the period of Romanticism, a movement which was called Zrinijada in Croatia.
Maptek
Maptek is a technology company based in Adelaide, Australia that develops 3D modelling, spatial analysis, and design technology software. The company was founded by Bob Johnson in 1981. It operated under the name K. Robert Johnson and Associates for 10 years before changing its name to Maptek in 1992.

Bob Johnson graduated in 1969 from the UNSW Sydney as a geologist, and completed his doctorate in 1972. Since 1976, he has pursued a commercial career using computers for mining. Johnson is a Fellow of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, and a member of the American Society of Mining Engineers.

Technology company
A technology company (or tech company) is a company that focuses primarily on the manufacturing, support, research and development of—most commonly computing, telecommunication and consumer electronics–based—technology-intensive products and services, which include businesses relating to digital electronics, software, optics, new energy, and Internet-related services such as cloud storage and e-commerce services. Big Tech refers to the 6 largest companies, both in the United States and globally, symbolized by the metonym 'Silicon Valley', where 4 of them are based.
Bartki, Braniewo County
Bartki [ˈbartki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lelkowo, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Braniewo County
Braniewo County (Polish: powiat braniewski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Braniewo, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county also contains the towns of Pieniężno, lying 27 km (17 mi) south-east of Braniewo, and Frombork, 11 km (7 mi) west of Braniewo.

The county covers an area of 1,204.54 square kilometres (465.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 41,223, out of which the population of Braniewo is 17,875, that of Pieniężno is 2,271, that of Frombork is 2,332, and the rural population is 19,130.
Balagansk
Balagansk (Russian: Балага́нск) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Balagansky District, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. It is located on the left bank of the Angara River, downstream from Svirsk and 285 kilometres (177 mi) by road northwest of Irkutsk and to the southeast of Sayansk. Population:  4,109 (2010 Census); 4,307 (2002 Census); 4,136 (1989 Soviet census).

On three sides of Balagansk is the Bratsk Reservoir. The settlement is best known for Balagansk Prison, which was used as one of the Siberian exile camps during the Stalin era.

Angara
The Angara (/ˌæŋɡəˈrɑː, ˌɑːŋ-/; Russian: Ангара [ənɡɐˈra]) or Angar (Russian Buryat: Ангар [ˈaɴɢɐr] мүрэн) is a major river in Siberia, which traces a course through Russia's Irkutsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai. It drains out of Lake Baikal and is the headwater tributary of the Yenisey. It is 1,849 kilometres (1,149 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 1,039,000 square kilometres (401,000 sq mi). It was formerly known as the Lower or Nizhnyaya Angara (distinguishing it from the Upper Angara). Below its junction with the Ilim, it was formerly known as the Upper Tunguska (Russian: Верхняя Тунгуска, Verhnyaya Tunguska, distinguishing it from the Lower Tunguska) and, with the names reversed, as the Lower Tunguska.
Jayen Varma
Jayen Varma (born 3 February 1961) is an Indian electric bass player.  He is known for developing tabla and mridangam style finger technique on bass guitar to play slap bass.
The style developed by him is widely known as Indian slap bass, which won him fans around the globe and accolades from some of the great names in bass guitar like Jeff Berlin, Bootsy Collins, Victor Wooten etc. He belongs to the State of Kerala in India. He performs with the band Trinaad consisting of Indian classical vocalist Aparna Panshikar and French drummer Jean Davoisne. He is also a member of the bands Afro Tala and Firefly.

Bassist
A bassist (also known as a bass player or bass guitarist) is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass (upright bass, contrabass, wood bass), bass guitar (electric bass, acoustic bass), keyboard bass (synth bass) or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or trombone. Many musical genres tend to be associated with at least one or more of these instruments.
Weightlifting at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' 63 kg
The girls' 63 kg weightlifting event was the fourth women's event at the weightlifting competition at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, with competitors limited to a maximum of 63 kilograms of body mass. The whole competition took place on August 17 at 18:00.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

Clean and jerk
The clean and jerk is a composite of two weightlifting movements, most often performed with a barbell: the clean and the jerk. During the clean, the lifter moves the barbell from the floor to a racked position across the deltoids, without resting fully on the clavicles. During the jerk, the lifter raises the barbell to a stationary position above the head, finishing with straight arms and legs, and the feet in the same plane as the torso and barbell.

Of the several variants of the lift, the most common is the Olympic clean and jerk, which, with the snatch, is included in Olympic weightlifting events. Clean and jerk is most commonly performed with a squat clean and a split jerk.