hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals
Ciba  was a chemical company based in and near Basel, Switzerland. "Ciba" stood for "Chemische Industrie Basel" (Chemical Industries Basel) and was formed when the non-pharmaceuticals elements of Novartis were spun out in 1997, following the merger in the previous year of Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz that created Novartis.

In 2008, Ciba was acquired by the German chemical company BASF and, in April 2009, integrated into the BASF group. Ciba AG initially continued to trade under the old name, but was renamed to BASF Schweiz AG in March 2010.

The BASF subsidiary makes products in the following areas: Agriculture, Automotive, Construction & Pipes, Electronic materials, Extractive & Process Technologies, Home & Fabric Care, Inks & Graphics, Lubricants, Monomers & Water Soluble Polymers, Packaging, Paints and Coatings, Paper, Personal Care, Photo & Digital Imaging, Plastics & Rubber, Textiles & Fibers, Water treatment.

Photograph
A photograph (also known as a photo, or more generically referred to as an image or picture) is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor. The process and practice of creating such images is called photography.

Photographs are now created using a smartphone or camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye would perceive.
Rickey Bolden
Rickey Allen Bolden (born September 8, 1961) is an American former professional football player who played offensive lineman for six seasons for the Cleveland Browns. He was selected by the Browns in the fourth round of the 1984 NFL draft.

Bolden was raised in Dallas, Texas as one of ten children. His father died when he was 12 years old. According to Bolden, he grew up in "a typical inner city." He said he was shot when he was 14 years old.

Bolden played college football as a tight end for the SMU Mustangs. After being selected by the Browns in the 1984 NFL draft, he was converted to offensive line.

While still only 28 years old and a starting offensive lineman for the Browns, Bolden left football to become a pastor. He completed his studies at Ashland Theological Seminary and worked with churches of various Christian denominations.

SMU Mustangs football
The SMU Mustangs football team is a college football team representing Southern Methodist University (SMU) in University Park, Dallas County, Texas. The Mustangs compete in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). SMU joined the ACC in July 2024 after eleven years as a member of the American Athletic Conference (AAC).
Rakeeranbeg
Rakeeranbeg (/rəˌkɪərənˈbɛɡ/, locally /ɹəˌciəɹənˈbeːɟ/), or Rathkeeranbeg (/ræθˌkɪərənˈbɛɡ/, locally /ɹaθˌciəɹənˈbeːɟ/; Irish: Ráth Caorthainn Beag, meaning 'little fort of the rowan') is a townland in the Dromore area in County Tyrone in Northern Ireland. It is situated in the barony of Omagh East and the civil parish of Dromore and covers an area of 180 acres.

Rowan
The rowans (/ˈraʊənz/ ROW-ənz or /ˈroʊənz/ ROH-ənz) or mountain-ashes are shrubs or trees in the genus Sorbus of the rose family, Rosaceae. They are native throughout the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the highest species diversity in the  Himalaya, southern Tibet and parts of western China, where numerous apomictic microspecies occur. The name rowan was originally applied to the species Sorbus aucuparia and is also used for other species in the genus Sorbus.

Natural hybrids, often including S. aucuparia and the whitebeam, Aria edulis (syn. Sorbus aria), give rise to many endemic variants in the UK.
Jake Wheatley
Jake Wheatley Jr. is an American politician who served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from the 19th district, covering the Hill District, North Side, South Side, Allentown, Hazelwood, Downtown Pittsburgh, The Bluff, Knoxville, Beltzhoover, Manchester, Arlington, Arlington Heights, and North, South and West Oakland.

Hazelwood (Pittsburgh)
Hazelwood is a neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is represented on Pittsburgh City Council by Barb Warwick. It is bordered by Greenfield and Oakland on the north, Squirrel Hill and Glen Hazel on the east, and the Monongahela River on the south and west.  The Pittsburgh Bureau of Fire houses 13 Engine and 13 Truck in Hazelwood.
Old Gerald School
Old Gerald School is a historic school building located at Gerald, Franklin County, Missouri. It was built in 1910, and is a two-story, rectangular brick building with Georgian Revival style design influences.  It sits on a concrete foundation, has a hipped roof, and measures 66 feet by 36 feet.  A kitchen was added in 1948.  The school closed in 1951.: 6, 12

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

Franklin County, Missouri
Franklin County is located in the U.S. state of Missouri. At the 2020 census, the population was 104,682. Its county seat is Union. The county was organized in 1818 and is named after Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. Franklin County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and contains some of the city's exurbs. It is located along the south side of the Missouri River. The county has wineries that are included in the Hermann AVA (American Viticultural Area) and is part of the region known as the Missouri Rhineland, which extends on both sides of the Missouri River.
János Haraszti
János Haraszti, Dr. (Kaposvár, 29 October 1924 – Budapest, 22 October 2007) was a veterinarian, university teacher, and researcher. He used to be the key figure of Hungarian reproductive biology research. He became one of the first members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences as a veterinarian. He was the Secretary of the Committee of Veterinary Medicine of the Hungarian Academy of Science and President of the Association of Hungarian Veterinarians.

Reproductive biology
Reproductive biology includes both sexual and asexual reproduction.

Reproductive biology includes a wide number of fields:

Reproductive systems

Endocrinology

Sexual development (Puberty)

Sexual maturity

Reproduction

Fertility
Milton of Ogilvie
Milton is a hamlet in Angus, Scotland situated near Glamis. Considerable early history is in the general area including Glamis Castle and the Eassie Stone, a carved Pictish stone dating prior to the Early Middle Ages.

Angus, Scotland
Angus (Scots: Angus; Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the east of the county.

Angus was historically a province, and later a sheriffdom and county (called Forfarshire or the County of Forfar until 1928), bordering Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west; southwards it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The county included Dundee until 1894, when it was made a county of a city. The pre-1894 boundaries of Angus continue to be used as a registration county. Between 1975 and 1996 Angus was a lower-tier district within the Tayside region. The district took on its modern form and powers in 1996, since when the local authority has been Angus Council.
Wollert, Victoria
Wollert (/ˈwɒlərt/ ⓘ WOL-ərt) is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 26 km north of Melbourne's central business district, located within the City of Whittlesea local government area. Wollert recorded a population of 24,407 at the 2021 census.

Local government areas of Victoria
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in Victoria, sorted by region.

Also referred to as municipalities, the 79 Victorian LGAs are classified as cities (34), shires (38), rural cities (6) and boroughs (1). In general, an urban or suburban LGA is called a city and is governed by a city council, while a rural LGA covering a larger rural area is usually called a shire and is governed by a shire council. Local councils have the same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their classification.

Local elections are held in Victoria every four years with the most recent elections held in 2024.
A Bit of Liverpool
A Bit of Liverpool, released as With Love (From Us to You) in the UK, is the third studio album by the Supremes, released in the fall of 1964 on the Motown label. It was produced by Berry Gordy with Hal Davis and Marc Gordon doing the mixing.

The Supremes performed the Beatles' "Eight Days a Week" on several television shows including Shindig and Hullabaloo, though the song did not make the album. 
The album featured covers of recent hits by British Invasion acts and also included two songs originally by Motown artists that had been covered by British groups: "Do You Love Me" (a UK hit for both Brian Poole and the Tremeloes, and the Dave Clark Five; and "You Really Got a Hold on Me" (an album track by the Beatles). The album just missed the Top 20 in the U.S., peaking at No. 21. While not quite as prolific as the Beatles, the Supremes enjoyed three albums charting simultaneously in 1964–65.

Hullabaloo (TV series)
Hullabaloo is an American musical variety series that aired on NBC from January 12, 1965, to April 11, 1966 (with repeats to August 1966).  Similar to ABC's Shindig! and in contrast to American Bandstand, it aired in prime time.
Billy Dickson (footballer)
William Dickson (born 8 April 1947 in Larkhall) is a Scottish former footballer, who played most notably for Kilmarnock and Scotland.

He played for Kilmarnock for approximately a decade, winning international honours in 1970 and 1971. After a season with Motherwell, he became a coach at Ayr United. He briefly resumed his playing career with Hamilton.

Hamilton Academical F.C.
Hamilton Academical Football Club, often known as Hamilton Accies, or The Accies, is a Scottish football club from Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, who currently compete in Scottish League One. They were established in 1874 from the school football team at Hamilton Academy and remain the only professional club in British football to have originated from a school team. Hamilton have won the Scottish Challenge Cup three times and have finished runners-up in the Scottish Cup twice. The club play their home games at Broadwood Stadium.
Gathurst Viaduct
Gathurst Viaduct carries the M6 motorway across the Douglas valley at Shevington, Wigan, Greater Manchester, England.

The second largest bridge on the M6 motorway, it lies between junctions 26 and 27. Constructed in 6 spans, it crosses the Leeds-Liverpool Canal, the Manchester to Southport railway line and the River Douglas itself.

The viaduct is 800 ft (240 m) long and 87 ft (27 m) above the level of the river. The reinforced concrete piers consist of five sets of four 6 ft (1.8 m) diameter columns supporting a cill beam. The reinforced concrete deck is carried on ten 10 ft (3.0 m) deep continuous welded plate girders extending over the full length of the bridge. In design terms it is a sister bridge of the Rakewood Viaduct on the M62 motorway near Littleborough. It was built primarily out of wrought iron.

It was built in 1961 by A. Monk and Co Ltd of Irlam at a cost of some £830,000. Steelwork was manufactured by Robert Watson Steelwork Ltd of Bolton.

Manchester–Southport line
The Manchester–Southport line is a railway line in the north-west of England, operated by Northern Trains. It was originally built as the Manchester and Southport Railway. The section between Wigan and Salford is also known locally as the Atherton Line.

Starting at the city centre stations of Manchester Victoria (also serving Salford Central on the fringe of the city centre) and Manchester Piccadilly (also serving Manchester Oxford Road and Deansgate), it runs in a north-western direction through the towns, villages and suburbs of the City of Salford and Wigan. It then proceeds in the same direction through the small rural villages of West Lancashire, before ending on the Irish Sea coast at the resort town of Southport.
Projection fiber
Projection fibers consist of efferent and afferent fibers uniting the cortex with the lower parts of the brain and with the spinal cord. In human neuroanatomy, bundles of axons (nerve fibers) called nerve tracts, within the brain, can be categorized by their function into association tracts, projection tracts, and commissural tracts.

In the neocortex, projection neurons are excitatory neurons that send axons to distant brain targets. Considering the six histologically distinct layers of the neocortex, associative projection neurons extend axons within one cortical hemisphere; commissural projection neurons extend axons across the midline to the contralateral hemisphere; and corticofugal projection neurons extend axons away from the cortex. That said, some neurons are multi-functional and can therefore be categorized into more than one such category.

Medullary pyramids (brainstem)
In neuroanatomy, the medullary pyramids are paired white matter structures of the brainstem's medulla oblongata that contain motor fibers of the corticospinal and corticobulbar  tracts – known together as the pyramidal tracts. The lower limit of the pyramids is marked when the fibers cross (decussate).
Edinburgh Grand Opera
Edinburgh Grand Opera was Scotland's oldest existing grand opera company, founded in 1955 by Richard Telfer. This society was run by its non-professional chorus with advice and support from the professional Artistic and Musical Directors and Designers it engaged. It was originally known as the Edinburgh Grand Opera Group, and it has also been referred to as Edinburgh Grand Opera Company. Its soloists were a mixture of amateur, semi-professional and professional singers from Scotland and abroad, many of whom were students or graduates from the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland (previously the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Dance). It was the first amateur company to perform at the Edinburgh Festival Theatre.

Grand opera
Grand opera is a genre of 19th-century opera generally in four or five acts, characterized by large-scale casts and orchestras. The original productions consisted of spectacular design and stage effects with plots normally based on or around dramatic historic events. The term is particularly applied (sometimes specifically used in its French-language equivalent grand opéra, pronounced [ɡʁɑ̃t‿ɔpeʁa]) to certain productions of the Paris Opéra from the late 1820s to around 1860; 'grand opéra' has sometimes been used to denote the Paris Opéra itself.

The term 'grand opera' is also used in a broader application in respect of contemporary or later works of similar monumental proportions from France, Germany, Italy, and other countries.

It may also be used colloquially in an imprecise sense to refer to 'serious opera without spoken dialogue'.
2022 GMR Grand Prix
The 2022 GMR Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 2022 IndyCar season. The race was held on May 14, 2022, in Speedway, Indiana at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The race was originally scheduled for 85 laps, but under INDYCAR rules, the race was declared a wet race at the start, meaning the race was limited to two hours.

Speedway, Indiana
Speedway is a town in Wayne Township, Marion County, Indiana, United States. The population was 13,952 at the 2020 census, up from 11,812 in 2010. Speedway, which is an enclave of Indianapolis, is the home of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
Cape Town Open Education Declaration
The Cape Town Open Education Declaration is a major international statement on open access, open education and open educational resources. It emerged from a conference on open education hosted in Cape Town on 14 and 15 September 2007 by the Shuttleworth Foundation and the Open Society Institute. The aim of this meeting [being] to "accelerate efforts to promote open resources, technology, and teaching practices in education". Individuals and organizations that sign the Declaration share its "statement of principle, a statement of strategy and a statement of commitment".

The declaration was released officially on January 22, 2008.

As of January 2014, over 2,400 individuals and 250 organisations (including the Wikimedia Foundation) have signed the declaration.

Shuttleworth Foundation
The Shuttleworth Foundation was established in January 2001 by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth as an experiment with the purpose of providing funding for people engaged in social change. While there have been various iterations of the foundation, its structure and how it invests in social innovation, the current model employs a fellowship model where fellows are given funding commensurate with their experience to match a year's salary, allowing them to spend that year developing a particular idea. The Foundation announced that it is shutting itself down "by the beginning of 2024."

Notable past and present fellows include Marcin Jakubowski (who develops the Open Source Ecology project), Rufus Pollock (co-founder of the Open Knowledge Foundation) and Mark Surman (now Executive Director of Mozilla Foundation.)
San Juan, Southern Leyte
San Juan, officially the Municipality of San Juan (Kabalian: Lungsod san San Juan; Cebuano: Lungsod sa San Juan; Tagalog: Bayan ng San Juan), is a municipality in the province of Southern Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 14,912 people.

The municipality was formerly known as Cabalian (also spelled as Cabali-an) It is spelled as "Caualian" in the first Murillo-Velarde Map of the Philippines published in 1734.

The Kabalian language, a Visayan language distinct from Waray-Waray and Cebuano, is spoken in some communities in San Juan.

Waray language
Waray (also known as Waray-Waray or Bisayâ/Binisayâ and Winaray/Waray, Spanish: idioma samareño meaning Samar language) is an Austronesian language and the fifth-most-spoken native regional language of the Philippines, native to Eastern Visayas. It is the native language of the Waray people and second language of the Abaknon people of Capul, Northern Samar, and some Cebuano-speaking peoples of western and southern parts of Leyte island. It is the third most spoken language among the Bisayan languages, only behind Cebuano and Hiligaynon.
2020 World Women's Curling Championship
The 2020 World Women's Curling Championship (branded as the 2020 World Women's Curling Championship presented by Nature's Bounty for sponsorship reasons) was scheduled to be held from March 14 to 22 at the CN Centre in Prince George, Canada. On March 12, 2020, following the recommendations of Provincial Health Officer Bonnie Henry, the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The event was set to be the first event to start gathering points towards the 2022 Winter Olympic Qualification. Upon cancellation, the qualifying process was left unclear.

Bonnie Henry
Bonnie J. Fraser Henry (born 1965 or 1966) is a Canadian epidemiologist, physician, and public official who has been the provincial health officer at the British Columbia Ministry of Health since 2014. Henry is also a clinical associate professor at the University of British Columbia. She is a specialist in public health and preventive medicine, and is a family doctor. In her role as provincial health officer, Henry notably led the response to COVID-19 in British Columbia (BC).
Grignetta
45°58′N 9°26′E﻿ / ﻿45.967°N 9.433°E﻿ / 45.967; 9.433

The Grignetta, also known as Grigna Meridionale, is a mountain of Lombardy, Italy, with an elevation of 2,184 metres (7,165 ft). It is located in the Orobic Alps, in the Grigna massif.

It is located in the territory of Mandello del Lario, south of the Grigna and north of Pian dei Resinelli. It has four main ridges: Cresta Segantini to the west, Cresta Sinigaglia to the south-east, Cresta Cermenati to the south, and Cresta di Campione to the east; a fifth ridge, to the north, connects it to the Grigna.

A rocky and rugged mountain, its many pinnacles have been a training ground for mountaineers such as Riccardo Cassin, Emilio Comici and Walter Bonatti.

A small mountain shelter, Bivacco Ferrario, is located on its peak, whereas a mountain hut (Rifugio Rosalba) is located farther down, at the foot of Cresta Segantini. The peak can be reached through various hiking paths and climbing routes.

Emilio Comici
Leonardo Emilio Comici (21 February 1901 – 19 October 1940) was an Italian mountain climber and caver. He made numerous ascents in the Eastern Alps, particularly in the Dolomites (where he made over 200 first ascents during his career) and in the Julian Alps. Comici was nicknamed the "Angel of the Dolomites".

In the 1930s and 1940s Comici and other climbers (including Riccardo Cassin, Raffaele Carlesso and Alvise Andrich) represented the Italian answer to the achievements of German climbers. Comici perfected the Bavarian technique of mountain climbing, and began the era of "sixth grade" climbing (at that time the highest climbing grade considered humanly surmountable). He was the inventor and proponent of using multi-step aid ladders, solid belays, the use of a trail/tag line, and hanging bivouacs, contributing greatly to the techniques of big wall climbing.
Johannes Draaijer
Johannes Draaijer (8 March 1963 – 27 February 1990) was a Dutch cyclist. He won two stages of the Peace Race in 1987 and one stage of the Vuelta a Murcia in 1989. The same year he finished 130th in the Tour de France and was part of the team that won the race.

On 27 February 1990, Draaijer died in his sleep of heart block, just a few days after a race. It is widely presumed, though not proven, that his death was caused by the use of the performance-enhancing drug erythropoietin (EPO). The autopsy did not specify the cause of death, but Draaijer's wife later told the German news magazine, Der Spiegel, that her husband became sick after using EPO.  This was the second death of a Dutch cyclist that was attributed to EPO, after the demise of Bert Oosterbosch in 1989.

Performance-enhancing substance
Performance-enhancing substances (PESs), also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans.

Many substances, such as anabolic steroids, can be used to improve athletic performance and build muscle, which in most cases is considered cheating by organized athletic organizations. This usage is often referred to as doping. Athletic performance-enhancing substances are sometimes referred to as ergogenic aids. Cognitive performance-enhancing drugs, commonly called nootropics, are sometimes used by students to improve academic performance. Performance-enhancing substances are also used by military personnel to enhance combat performance.
Siege of Miletus
The siege of Miletus was Alexander the Great's first siege and naval encounter with the Achaemenid Empire. This siege was directed against Miletus, a city in southern Ionia, which is now located in the Aydın province of modern-day Turkey. During the battle, Parmenion's son Philotas would be key in preventing the Persian Navy from finding safe anchorage. It was captured by Parmenion's son, Nicanor in 334 BC.

Aydın Province
Aydın Province (Turkish: Aydın ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of southwestern Turkey, located in the Aegean Region. Its area is 8,116 km2, and its population is 1,148,241 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Aydın. Other towns in the province include the summer seaside resorts of Didim and Kuşadası.