hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States v. Bormes
United States v. Bormes, 568 U.S. 6 (2012), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States holding that the Little Tucker Act, which provides jurisdiction to federal courts for certain claims brought against the federal government, does not apply to lawsuits brought under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA).

The Court characterized the Little Tucker Act as merely "gap-filling" and, therefore, superseded when a statute authorizing a claim for damages set forth its own specific enforcement procedures, as did the FCRA. Otherwise, the Court believed, the Little Tucker Act would broadly impose a waiver of sovereign immunity under detailed statutes that did not provide for it. The Court directed the lower court to address on remand whether the FCRA itself authorized a claim for damages against the government for violating its provisions.

Fair Credit Reporting Act
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), 15 U.S.C. § 1681 et seq., is federal legislation enacted to promote the accuracy, fairness, and privacy of consumer information contained in the files of consumer reporting agencies. It was intended to shield consumers from the willful or negligent inclusion of erroneous data in their credit reports. To that end, the FCRA regulates the collection, dissemination, and use of consumer information, including consumer credit information. It was originally passed in 1970, and is enforced by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and private litigants.
Zaca Creek
Zaca Creek was an American country music group formed in 1989. The band consisted of brothers Gates, Scot, Jeff and James Foss. Their debut single, "Sometimes Love's Not a Pretty Thing," was their only song to reach the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart, peaking at No. 38. It was included on their eponymous debut album, issued in 1989 on Columbia Records. The group was signed by Giant Records in 1992, who released their second album, Broken Heartland. The band broke up in 1994.

In 1991, Zaca Creek was shortlisted for the Academy of Country Music Award for New Vocal Duo or Group of the Year.

Giant Records
Giant Records was an American record label launched in 1990 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. Records and record executive Irving Azoff. Currently, this name is used as a Swedish label owned by Warner Music Sweden, a Swedish branch of Warner Music Group.
Schuback
Schuback is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bengt Schuback (1928–2015), Swedish Navy vice admiral

Ian Schuback (born 1952), Australian lawn bowler

Jacob Schuback (born 1983), Australian rules footballer

Nicolaus Schuback (1700–1783), German lawyer and mayor

Jacob Schuback
Jacob Schuback (born 28 November 1983) is an Australian rules footballer who played with Adelaide in the Australian Football League (AFL).

A small forward, Schuback came to Adelaide from the Gippsland Power, but originally played for Sale Magpies. He made just one appearance in the 2003 AFL season and put together six senior games in 2004, until suffering a shoulder injury. In 2005 he spent the entire season at Glenelg, not able to earn a call up to the Adelaide team due to constant shoulder trouble. He was delisted at the end of the 2005 season and returned to Sale Magpies.
The Buddha and His Dhamma
The Buddha and His Dhamma, is a 1957 posthumous work by the Indian scholar and social reformer B. R. Ambedkar on Buddha's life and philosophy.
It presents Ambedkar's interpretation of Buddhism, reinterpreting traditional teachings in a modern framework that emphasises social equality, ethics, and the rejection of the caste system. The book serves as a foundational text for Navayana (also known as Ambedkarite Buddhism), where it is regarded as a sacred scripture by followers.
Ambedkar completed the manuscript shortly before his death and his public conversion to Buddhism in October 1956.

Religious text
Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition. They often feature a compilation or discussion of beliefs, ritual practices, moral commandments and laws, ethical conduct, spiritual aspirations, and admonitions for fostering a religious community.

Within each religion, these texts are revered as authoritative sources of guidance, wisdom, and divine revelation. They are often regarded as sacred or holy, representing the core teachings and principles that their followers strive to uphold.
Gołuń, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Gołuń [ˈɡɔwuɲ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kościerzyna, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kościerzyna County
Kościerzyna County (Kashubian: Kòscérsczi kréz, Polish: powiat kościerski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Kościerzyna, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. Its borders equal approximately the borders of the old Marquessate of Berent in the German Empire.

The county covers an area of 1,165.85 square kilometres (450.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 72,589, out of which the population of Kościerzyna is 23,776, and the rural population is 48,813.

Kościerzyna County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kościerzyna County is bordered by Kartuzy County to the north, Gdańsk County and Starogard County to the east, Chojnice County to the south, and Bytów County to the west.
Great dodecicosahedron
In geometry, the great dodecicosahedron (or great dodekicosahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U63. It has 32 faces (20 hexagons and 12 decagrams), 120 edges, and 60 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral.

It has a composite Wythoff symbol, 3 5⁄3 (3⁄2 5⁄2) |, requiring two different Schwarz triangles to generate it: (3 5⁄3 3⁄2) and (3 5⁄3 5⁄2). (3 5⁄3 5⁄2 | represents the great dodecicosahedron with an extra 12 {10⁄2} pentagons, and 3 5⁄3 3⁄2 | represents it with an extra 20 {6⁄2} triangles.)

Its vertex figure 6.10⁄3.6⁄5.10⁄7 is also ambiguous, having two clockwise and two counterclockwise faces around each vertex.

Decagram (geometry)
In geometry, a decagram is a 10-point star polygon. There is one regular decagram, containing the vertices of a regular decagon, but connected by every third point. Its Schläfli symbol is {10/3}.

The name decagram combines a numeral prefix, deca-, with the Greek suffix -gram. The -gram suffix derives from γραμμῆς (grammēs) meaning a line.
Oz (surname)
Oz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amos Oz (1939–2018), Israeli author

Avraham Oz (born 1944), Israeli theatre professor

Daphne Oz (born 1986), American author, chef, and television host

Frank Oz (born 1944), American film director, actor, and puppeteer

Kobi Oz (born 1969), Israeli singer with the Teapacks

Lisa Oz (born 1963), American author, television personality, and radio personality

Mehmet Oz (born 1960), known as Dr. Oz, Turkish-American surgeon, television host, and politician

Daphne Oz
Daphne Nur Oz (Turkish: Öz; born February 17, 1986) is an American television host, food writer, and chef. She was one of five co-hosts on the ABC daytime talk show The Chew for the show's first six seasons and was a co-host of the syndicated talk/cooking show The Good Dish.
Car-free
Car-free can refer to several things:

Car-free city - a population center that relies primarily on public transport, walking, or cycling for transport within the urban area.

Car-free days

Car Free Day Vancouver

Car-free movement

Car free walking

List of car-free islands

Pedestrian zones

World Carfree Network

Car ban

Car-free city
A car-free city is an urban area absent of motor vehicles. Car-free cities rely on public transport, walking, and cycling for travel, as opposed to motor vehicles. Districts where motor vehicles are prohibited are referred to as car-free zones. Car-free city models have gained traction in the second half of the 20th century due to issues with congestion and infrastructure, and proposed environmental and quality of life benefits. Many cities in Asia, Europe, and Africa have car-free areas due to the cities being created before the invention of motor vehicles, while many developing cities in Asia are using the car-free model to modernize their infrastructure.
Iverson Creek
Iverson Creek is a small river in San Mateo County, California and is a tributary of Pescadero Creek.
It flows about 0.6 miles (1 km) from its source on Butano Ridge in Pescadero Creek County Park to its mouth in Portola Redwoods State Park.

San Mateo County, California
San Mateo County, officially the County of San Mateo, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 764,442. Redwood City is the county seat, the third-most populated city in the county after Daly City and San Mateo.

San Mateo County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA MSA (metropolitan statistical area), Silicon Valley, and is part of the San Francisco Bay Area, the nine counties bordering San Francisco Bay. As of 2020, it has a median household income of $128,091, the fourth-highest household income of any county in the nation behind Loudoun County, Virginia, Falls Church, Virginia, and Santa Clara County, California.

The county covers most of the San Francisco Peninsula. The county is predominantly suburban and is home to many corporate campuses.
Anthomyiopsis nigra
Anthomyiopsis nigra is a species of fly first described by Baranov in 1938. It is part of the genus Anthomyiopsis and the family Tachinidae. It is distributed in Uttar Pradesh, India. No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life.

Catalogue of Life
The Catalogue of Life (CoL) is an online database that provides an index of known species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It was created in 2001 as a partnership between the global Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxonomic Information System. The Catalogue is used by research scientists, citizen scientists, educators, and policy makers. The Catalogue is also used by the Biodiversity Heritage Library, the Barcode of Life Data System, Encyclopedia of Life, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. The Catalogue currently compiles data from 165 peer-reviewed taxonomic databases that are maintained by specialist institutions around the world. As of September 2022, the COL Checklist lists 2,067,951 of the world's 2.2m extant species known to taxonomists on the planet at present time.
George Young Blair
George Young Blair JP (10 March 1824 – 22 September 1894) was a Scottish marine engineer, who specialised in the building of triple expansion engines at his factory Blair & Co., Ltd. in Stockton-on-Tees.

Compound steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.
A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Multiple-expansion engines employ additional cylinders, of progressively lower pressure, to extract further energy from the steam.

Invented in 1781, this technique was first employed on a Cornish beam engine in 1804. Around 1850, compound engines were first introduced into Lancashire textile mills.
Almgren's isomorphism theorem
Almgren isomorphism theorem is a result in geometric measure theory and algebraic topology about the topology of the space of flat cycles in a Riemannian manifold.

The theorem plays a fundamental role in the Almgren–Pitts min-max theory as it establishes existence of topologically non-trivial families of cycles, which were used by Frederick J. Almgren Jr., Jon T. Pitts and others to prove existence of (possibly singular) minimal submanifolds in every Riemannian manifold. In the special case of the space of null-homologous codimension 1 cycles with mod 2 coefficients on a closed Riemannian manifold Almgren isomorphism theorem implies that it is weakly homotopy equivalent to 
the infinite real projective space.

Minimal surface
In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area. This is equivalent to having zero mean curvature (see definitions below).

The term "minimal surface" is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area subject to some constraint. Physical models of area-minimizing minimal surfaces can be made by dipping a wire frame into a soap solution, forming a soap film, which is a minimal surface whose boundary is the wire frame. However, the term is used for more general surfaces that may self-intersect or do not have constraints. For a given constraint there may also exist several minimal surfaces with different areas (for example, see minimal surface of revolution): the standard definitions only relate to a local optimum, not a global optimum.
Bernhard Gustav of Baden-Durlach
Bernhard Gustav von Baden-Durlach OSB (24 December 1631 at Karlsburg Castle in Durlach – 26 December 1677 in Hammelburg) was a Major General in the Swedish army. After his conversion to Catholicism, he was Abbot of Fulda and Kempten Abbey and also cardinal.

Durlach
Durlach is a district in Karlsruhe, Germany, with a population of roughly 30,000.

The district is further divided into Alt-Durlach, Dornwald-Untermühl, Hanggebiet, Bergwald, Aue, Lohn-Lissen and Killisfeld.
Eydon
Eydon is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, about 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Banbury. The village is between 510 and 540 feet (160 m) above sea level on the east side of a hill, which rises to 580 feet (180 m) and is the highest point in the parish. The parish is bounded to the west by the River Cherwell, to the south by a stream that is one of its tributaries, and to the east and north by field boundaries.

The villages name means 'Aega's hill'.

The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 422.

Banbury
Banbury is an historic market town and civil parish on the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire, South East England. The parish had a population of 54,335 at the 2021 Census.

Banbury is a significant commercial and retail centre for the surrounding area of north Oxfordshire and southern parts of Warwickshire and Northamptonshire which are predominantly rural. Banbury's main industries are motorsport, car components, electrical goods, plastics, food processing and printing. Banbury is home to the Jacobs Douwe Egberts factory which was previously the world's largest coffee-producing facility, built in 1964. The town is famed for Banbury cakes, a spiced sweet pastry.

Banbury is located 64 miles (103 km) north-west of London, 37 miles (60 km) south-east of Birmingham, 27 miles (43 km) south-east of Coventry and 22 miles (35 km) north-northwest of Oxford.
1997 Rose Bowl
The 1997 Rose Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game between the Arizona State Sun Devils of the Pacific-10 Conference and the Ohio State Buckeyes of the Big Ten Conference. The game was the 83rd edition of the annual Rose Bowl Game, held on New Year's Day in the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. The game resulted in a dramatic 20–17 victory for the Buckeyes when Joe Germaine led a last-minute touchdown drive. Joe Germaine was named the Rose Bowl Player Of The Game. The loss remains infamous among Arizona State fans, as the loss cost them a chance at winning their only national championship. Had they won, they would have been the only undefeated team in the nation, and as a result, would have possibly given the Devils at least a share of the national championship.

Jason Simmons
Jason Lawrence Simmons (born March 30, 1976) is an American professional football coach and former safety who is the defensive pass game coordinator and defensive backs coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Arizona State Sun Devils and was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the fifth round of the 1998 NFL draft, later playing for the Houston Texans. Simmons' coaching career began in 2011 as a defensive assistant with the Green Bay Packers, later having stints with the Carolina Panthers,Las Vegas Raiders, and Washington Commanders.
Chyhyryn campaign (1674)
The Chyhyryn campaign or Chigirin campaign was an unsuccessful siege conducted by the Russian-Cossack forces in order to oust Petro Doroshenko from power, along with Ottoman–Crimean forces on his side.

Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441.

In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance.
Loch An T-Slagain
Loch An T-Slagain is an extremely remote small low-lying shallow freshwater loch that lies directly east of Slaggan Bay, at the entrance to Loch Ewe, in the Rubha Mòr peninsula and is directly north of Mellon Charles in Wester Ross, Scotland. Directly east is the remote hamlet of Mellon Udrigle, the site of an ancient Pictish hut circle.

Mellon Charles
Mellon Charles (Scottish Gaelic: Meallan Theàrlaich, 'Charles’s Little Hill') is a remote crofting village on Rubha Mòr on the north east shore of Loch Ewe near Gairloch in Wester Ross, in the Highland council area of Scotland. Mellon Charles is the location of a former Royal Navy and Royal Air Force base at Rubh a' Choin point.

The village of Ormiscaig is located less than one mile along the coast road.
Nicaenetus of Samos
Nicaenetus of Samos (Ancient Greek: Νικαίνετος) was a Greek epic and epigrammatic poet of the 3rd century BC. He wrote, among other things, a list of illustrious women, and epigrams. There are four epigrams of his in the Greek Anthology.

He was either an Abderite who lived in Samos island or a native Samian. Athenaeus speaks of him as either of Samos or of Abdera, and Stephanus of Byzantium mentions him among the celebrated Abderites. Athenaeus speaks of him in connection with his celebrating a Samian usage, as being a poet of strong native tendencies. From Athenaeus we infer that he lived prior to the age of Phylarchus, who wrote in 219 BC.

Epigram
An epigram is a brief, interesting, memorable, sometimes surprising or satirical statement. The word derives from the Greek ἐπίγραμμα (epígramma, "inscription", from ἐπιγράφειν [epigráphein], "to write on, to inscribe"). This literary device has been practiced for over two millennia.

The presence of wit or sarcasm tends to distinguish non-poetic epigrams from aphorisms and adages, which typically do not show those qualities.
Eastern common cuscus
The eastern common cuscus (Phalanger intercastellanus) is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae found in eastern Papua New Guinea. Until recently, it was considered conspecific with P. mimicus, and before that also with P. orientalis.

The eastern common cuscus was introduced by humans into the Aru Islands and parts of northern Australia.

Aru Islands Regency
The Aru Islands Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru) is a group of about 95 low-lying islands in the Maluku Islands of eastern Indonesia. It also forms a regency of Maluku Province, with a land area of 6,426.77 km2 (2,481.39 sq mi). At the 2011 Census the Regency had a population of 84,138; the 2020 Census produced a total of 102,237, and the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 112,531 (comprising 57,767 males and 54,764 females). Some sources regard the archipelago as part of Asia, while others regard it as part of Melanesia.
Paper Doll Club
The Paper Doll Club, also known as Paper Doll, was an LGBTQ bar and supper club in operation from 1949 to 1961, and located at the corner of Cadell Place and Union Street (now 524 Union Street) in the North Beach neighborhood in San Francisco, California. It is believed to be one of the earliest lesbian bars in the city.

The former building has been a designated San Francisco landmark since 2019.

North Beach, San Francisco
North Beach is a neighborhood in the northeast of San Francisco adjacent to Chinatown, the Financial District, and Russian Hill. The neighborhood is San Francisco's "Little Italy" and has historically been home to a large Italian American population, largely from Northern Italy. It still has many Italian restaurants and a sizeable Italian community, though many other ethnic groups currently live in the neighborhood. It was also the historic center of the beatnik subculture and has become one of San Francisco's main nightlife districts as well as a residential neighborhood populated by a mix of young urban professionals, families, and Chinese immigrants.

The American Planning Association (APA) has named North Beach as one of ten "Great Neighborhoods in America".
Vernon Petherick
Vernon Gordon Petherick (20 April 1876 – 14 August 1945) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Victoria from 1918 to 1924, 1932 to 1938 and 1941 to 1945 for the Liberal Union, Liberal Federation and Liberal and Country League.

Liberal Federation
The Liberal Federation was a South Australian political party from 16 October 1923 to 1932. It came into existence as a merger between the rival Liberal Union and National Party, to oppose Labor.

Encouraged by the overwhelming success of the Emergency Committee of South Australia at the 1931 federal election, the Liberal Federation merged with the Country Party to form the South Australian Liberal and Country League in 1932, again with overwhelming success at the 1933 state election.
Outline of scientific method
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the scientific method:

Scientific method – body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating previous knowledge. It is based on observable, empirical, reproducible, measurable evidence, and subject to the laws of reasoning.

Phenomenon
A phenomenon  (pl. phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which cannot be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in this part of his philosophy, in which phenomenon and noumenon serve as interrelated technical terms. Far predating this, the ancient Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus also used phenomenon and noumenon as interrelated technical terms.
Bzoummar
Bzoummar (Arabic: بزمار; Western Armenian: Զմմառ Zmmar; also spelled Bzommar or Bzemmar) is a village in the Keserwan District of the  Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate in Lebanon. It is 36 km (22 mi) northeast of Beirut, and has an elevation ranging between 920 and 950 m (3,020 and 3,120 ft) above sea level. Bzoummar's inhabitants are predominantly Maronite and Armenian Catholics. Bzoummar is home to a monastery of the Armenian Catholic Church that was built in 1749, where the image of Our Lady of Bzommar is venerated.

Keserwan District
Keserwan District (Arabic: قضاء كسروان, transliteration: Qaḍā' Kisrawān) is a district (qadaa) in Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon, to the northeast of Lebanon's capital Beirut. The capital, Jounieh, is overwhelmingly Christian, mostly consisting of Maronites. The area is home to the Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve.