hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Distortion free energy density
The distortion free energy density is a quantity that describes the increase in the free energy density of a liquid crystal caused by distortions from its uniformly aligned configuration. It also commonly goes by the name Frank free energy density named after Charles Frank.

Charles Frank (physicist)
Sir Frederick Charles Frank, FRS, (6 March 1911 – 5 April 1998) was a British theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on crystal dislocations, including (with Thornton Read) the idea of the Frank–Read source of dislocations. He also proposed the cyclol reaction in the mid-1930s, and made many other contributions to solid-state physics, geophysics, and the theory of liquid crystals.
2014–15 All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship
The 2014–15 All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship was the 10th staging of the All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Killeedy GAA Club in 2005.

The All-Ireland final was played on 23 March 2014 at Páirc Íde Naofa between Doon and Killenaule, in what was their second meeting that season after already playing each other in the Munster final. Doon  won the match by 0–12 to 0–10 to claim their first ever All-Ireland title.

Killenaule GAA
Killenaule GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club is located in south County Tipperary, Ireland. The club participates in hurling and Gaelic football competitions organized by Tipperary GAA. The club is a member of the South Tipperary divisional board.
Pouncet Island
Pouncet Island is an island located in Nunavut's Kitikmeot Region within the northern Canadian Arctic. It is in the western Gulf of Boothia, near the mainland's Boothia Peninsula, and 8.5 km (5.3 mi) northwest of the smaller Susanna Island.

Kitikmeot Region
Kitikmeot Region (/ˈkɪtəkmjuːt/; Inuktitut: Qitirmiut ᕿᑎᕐᒥᐅᑦ ) is an administrative region of Nunavut, Canada. It consists of the southern and eastern parts of Victoria Island with the adjacent part of the mainland as far as the Boothia Peninsula, together with King William Island and the southern portion of Prince of Wales Island. The regional centre is Cambridge Bay (population 1,760).

Before 1999, Kitikmeot Region existed under slightly different boundaries as Kitikmeot Region, Northwest Territories.
Censorship in the Soviet Union
Censorship in the Soviet Union was pervasive and strictly enforced.

Censorship was performed in two main directions:

State secrets were handled by the General Directorate for the Protection of State Secrets in the Press (also known as Glavlit), which was in charge of censoring all publications and broadcasting for state secrets

Censorship, in accordance with the official ideology and politics of the Communist Party was performed by several organizations:
Goskomizdat censored all printed matter: fiction, poetry, etc.
Goskino, in charge of cinema
Gosteleradio, in charge of radio and television broadcasting
The First Department in many agencies and institutions, such as the State Statistical Committee (Goskomstat), was responsible for assuring that state secrets and other sensitive information only reached authorized hands.

State Committee of Television and Radio Broadcasting of the Soviet Union
The State Committee of Television and Radio Broadcasting of the Soviet Union (Russian: Государственный комитет СССР по телевидению и радиовещанию) commonly  known as Gosteleradio of the USSR (Гостелерадио СССР) was the main state body of that supervised over all television and radio broadcasting of the Soviet Union from September 10, 1931, to December 27, 1991.
Butchers' Tower
The Butchers' Tower (Romanian: Turnul Măcelarilor, German: Fleischhauerturm) is one of the nine towers located in the Citadel of Sighişoara, belonging to Mureș County in Romania. The Butcher's Tower was built in late 15th century. Originally, the tower was shaped in an eight-sided prism, but in the 16th century it was rebuilt on a hexagonal plan and was raised with the specific purpose of enlarge the field of view over the small bastion built right in front of it. The tower has three floors with five loopholes and the access was made, in the past, by the fortress wall gallery. The fire from 1676 did not affect the tower. The latter together with the bastion had a great importance in the defense of the western side of the Citadel.

Documents from 1680 mention that the tower hosted five arquebuses, few cannonballs and quintals of gunpowder.

46°13′08″N 24°47′24″E﻿ / ﻿46.2189°N 24.7900°E﻿ / 46.2189; 24.7900

Prism (geometry)
In geometry, a prism is a polyhedron comprising an n-sided polygon base, a second base which is a translated copy (rigidly moved without rotation) of the first, and n other faces, necessarily all parallelograms, joining corresponding sides of the two bases. All cross-sections parallel to the bases are translations of the bases. Prisms are named after their bases, e.g. a prism with a pentagonal base is called a pentagonal prism. Prisms are a subclass of prismatoids.

Like many basic geometric terms, the word prism (from Greek  πρίσμα (prisma) 'something sawed') was first used in Euclid's Elements. Euclid defined the term in Book XI as "a solid figure contained by two opposite, equal and parallel planes, while the rest are parallelograms". However, this definition has been criticized for not being specific enough in regard to the nature of the bases (a cause of some confusion amongst generations of later geometry writers).
Nuʻakea (deity)
In Hawaiian mythology, Nuʻakea is a beneficent goddess of milk and lactation.

This name was also a title for a wet nurse of royal prince, according to David Malo.

Nuʻakea was appealed to, to staunch the flow of milk in the mother's breasts.

David Malo
David Malo or Davida Malo (birth name: Malo, 1795–1853) was a chiefly counselor, a Hawaiian intellectual, educator, politician and minister. He is remembered by subsequent generations of Hawaiian people and scholars primarily as a Native Hawaiian historian of the Kingdom of Hawaii. In 1852 he was ordained as a minister at Kēōkea, Maui.
Kings Avenue, Canberra
Kings Avenue is a road in Canberra which goes between New Parliament House (35°18′25″S 149°07′37″E﻿ / ﻿35.307°S 149.127°E﻿ / -35.307; 149.127﻿ (Kings Avenue at Parliament House)), across Lake Burley Griffin at the Kings Avenue Bridge (35°18′07″S 149°08′28″E﻿ / ﻿35.302°S 149.141°E﻿ / -35.302; 149.141﻿ (Kings Avenue Bridge)), to Russell near the Australian-American Monument. (35°17′53″S 149°09′04″E﻿ / ﻿35.298°S 149.151°E﻿ / -35.298; 149.151﻿ (Kings Avenue at Russell)).

Russell, Australian Capital Territory
Russell is a suburb of Canberra, Australia in the North Canberra district. Russell is one of the smallest suburbs in Canberra, comprising a number of government offices but with no private residences. It is probably best known for the headquarters of the Australian Defence Force, which is housed in the Russell Offices complex.

Russell is bounded by Morshead Drive, Parkes Way and Constitution Avenue. Mount Pleasant lies just to the east, between Russell and Duntroon (which is part of the suburb of Campbell). The Australian American War Memorial is located in Russell. To the west lie Kings Park and Grevillea Park, on the shore of Lake Burley Griffin.

The suburb name has been associated with the locality for many years; the surveyor Charles Scrivener gave the name 'Russell' to an adjacent trigonometrical station in about 1910 and later adopted the name for an early settlement in the locality. The streets in Russell are named after armed services personnel.
Delta12-fatty acid dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a Delta12-fatty acid dehydrogenase (EC 1.14.99.33) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

linoleate + 2AH + O2  crepenynate + 2A + H2O

where AH is either NADH or NADPH.

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are linoleate, 2AH, and O2, whereas its 3 products are crepenynate, 2A, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derive from O miscellaneous.

This enzyme participates in linoleic acid metabolism.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
Paroster caecus
Paroster caecus is blind beetle in the Hydroporini tribe of the subfamily Hydroporinae  in the Dytiscidae family. It was first described by Chris Watts in 1982 as Terradessus caecus. It was transferred to the genus, Paroster, in 2016 by Toussaint, Hendrich and others.

It is known only from the type locality, Mount Sorrow, Cape Tribulation in Queensland, where it has been found in rainforest.

Cape Tribulation, Queensland
Cape Tribulation (Kuku-Yalanji: Kulki) is a headland and coastal locality in the Shire of Douglas in northern Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Cape Tribulation had a population of 123 people.
Bud Plant Inc.
Bud Plant Inc. was a wholesale comics distributor active in the 1970s and 1980s during the growth of the direct market. The company also published a selection of comics and zines during the same period. Starting in 1970 as a mail-order distributor specializing in underground comix, Bud Plant absorbed some of his smaller rivals in the 1980s, and then sold his business to Diamond Comics Distributors in 1988. He still, as Bud Plant's Art Books, sells quality reprints and graphic novels.

Bill Schelly
William Carl Schelly  (November 2, 1951 – September 12, 2019) was an Eisner Award-winning author who chronicled the history of comic books and comic book fandom, and wrote biographies of comic book creators, including Otto Binder, L.B. Cole, Joe Kubert, Harvey Kurtzman, John Stanley, and James Warren as well as silent film comedian Harry Langdon.
Acytolepis
Acytolepis is a genus of small butterflies that belongs to the lycaenids or blues (family Lycaenidae). The genus was first described by Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus in 1927. The species are found in the Indomalayan and the Australasian realms.

Australasian realm
The Australasian realm is one of eight  biogeographic realms that is coincident with, but not (by some definitions) the same as, the geographical region of Australasia. The realm includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (comprising Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua), and the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccas (the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku), and the islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor, often known as the Lesser Sundas.

The Australasian realm also includes several Pacific island groups, including the Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. New Zealand and its surrounding islands are a distinctive sub-region of the Australasian realm.  The rest of Indonesia is part of the Indomalayan realm. In the classification scheme developed by Miklos Udvardy, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and New Zealand are placed in the Oceanian realm.
Křídla
Křídla is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Křídla lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Žďár nad Sázavou, 42 km (26 mi) east of Jihlava, and 138 km (86 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
Qira, Salfit
Qira (Arabic: قيرة) is a Palestinian town in the Salfit Governorate in the northern West Bank, 19 kilometers southwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of approximately 1,278 in 2017.

Salfit
32°04′55″N 35°10′56″E﻿ / ﻿32.08194°N 35.18222°E﻿ / 32.08194; 35.18222

Salfit (Arabic: سلفيت, romanized: Salfīt) is a city in the central West Bank, Palestine, and the capital of the Salfit Governorate. It is located adjacent to the Israeli settlement of Ariel. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Salfit had a population of 10,911 in 2017. Since the 1995 Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Salfit, located in Area A, has been administered by the Palestinian National Authority, while continuing under Israeli military occupation.
Felixberto Camacho Flores
Felixberto Camacho Flores (January 23, 1921 – October 25, 1985) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Agaña from April 21, 1971, to his death October 25, 1985.

Born in Agaña, Guam, Flores was ordained a priest on April 30, 1945, in the Capuchin order. On February 5, 1970, he was appointed apostolic administrator of the Archdiocese of Agaña and titular bishop of Stagnum, and was consecrated on May 17, 1970. On May 24, 1971, he was appointed bishop of the Agaña Diocese and then was appointed archbishop of Agaña. He died while still in office.

Hagåtña, Guam
Hagåtña, formerly Agana or Agaña, is a coastal village and the capital of the United States territory of Guam. From the 18th through mid-20th century, it was Guam's population center, but today, it is the second smallest of the island's 19 villages in both area and population. However, it remains one of the island's major commercial districts in addition to being the seat of government.
Unseen Terror
Unseen Terror was a British extreme metal band formed by Mitch Dickinson (Heresy) and Shane Embury (later of Napalm Death), and played extreme metal with a technical edge along with elements of hardcore punk. Their most notable feat took place in March 1988, when they recorded tracks for John Peel's BBC Radio 1 program.

Earache Records
Earache Records is a British independent record label, music publisher and management company founded by Digby Pearson in 1985, based in Nottingham, England, with offices in London and New York. The label helped to pioneer extreme metal by releasing early grindcore and death metal records between the late 1980s and mid-1990s. Its roster has since diversified into more mainstream guitar music, working with bands such as Rival Sons, the Temperance Movement, Blackberry Smoke, Scarlet Rebels and the White Buffalo. The company also hosted the 'Earache Express' stage at Glastonbury Festival in 2017 and 'The Earache Factory' at Boomtown 2018. The label's logo is a homage to Thrasher magazine, as Pearson was a skateboard culture enthusiast.
KVLA-FM
KVLA-FM (90.3 MHz) is a public radio station owned by American Public Media Group, through its Southern California Public Radio subsidiary. Licensed to Coachella, California, it serves Palm Springs, the Coachella Valley, and surrounding areas.

KVLA-FM generally simulcasts 89.3 FM KPCC, based in Pasadena, California.  It carries such NPR shows as All Things Considered, Morning Edition and Fresh Air, along with news and features from KPCC's news department.

All Things Considered
All Things Considered (ATC) is the flagship news program produced by National Public Radio (NPR). It was the first news program on NPR, premiering on May 3, 1971. It is broadcast live on NPR affiliated stations in the United States, and worldwide through several different outlets. All Things Considered and Morning Edition were the highest rated public radio programs in the United States in 2002 and 2005. The show combines news, analysis, commentary, interviews, and special features, and its segments vary in length and style. ATC airs weekdays from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time (live) or Pacific Time (recorded with some updates; in Hawaii it airs as a fully recorded program) or from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Central Time. ATC's weekend counterpart airs on Saturdays and Sundays.
Jim Crosby
James Huskisson Crosby (3 July 1873 – 25 February 1960) was a South African international rugby union player. Born in Cape Town, he attended SACS before playing provincial rugby for Transvaal (now known as the Golden Lions). He made his only Test appearance for South Africa during Great Britain's 1896 tour. He played as a forward in the 2nd Test of the series, an 8–17 South Africa loss at the Wanderers Ground. Crosby died in 1960, in Johannesburg, at the age of 86.

South African College Schools
The South African College Schools (colloquially often known as “SACS”) is a public English medium primary and high education institution situated in Newlands – part of the Southern Suburbs region of Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Founded in 1829, it claims to be the oldest continuously run school in South Africa, however, there are a number of older schools such as Simons Town High School (1815), Outeniqua High School in George, Muir College in Uitenhage (1822), and Durbanville High School (1827) in the northern suburbs of Cape Town.

SACS is one of four schools expressly endowed by Cecil John Rhodes to offer an annual Rhodes Scholarship to one of their graduating students.
Baikiain
Baikiain is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H9NO2. Chemically, it is classified as a tetrahydropyridine substituted with a carboxylic acid.  Because it contains both this carboxylic acid and an adjacent amine group, it is also an alpha-amino acid.  Baikiain is one of the two enantiomers of the chiral compound 4,5-didehydropipecolic acid.

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
Pungkung
Pungkung (also known as Pungkang) is a settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 149.6 kilometres (93 mi) east-south-east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include:

Sedarat 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) east

Geligau 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) west

Empelam 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) west

Sepalau 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northwest

Ensurai 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) west

Setugak 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) southeast

Basi 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest

Selalau 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) northeast

Setengin 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) east

Basi
Basí is a traditional Ilocano fermented alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane juice, predominantly produced in Northern Luzon, Philippines particularly in the Ilocos Region. It is fermented in burnáy (earthen jars) and flavored with gamú or natural additives such as samak bark. Basí has been an integral part of Ilocano culture for centuries, commonly featured in various rituals and celebrations, with distinct regional variations in its production methods and flavor profiles.
The Oven of Akhnai
The Oven of Akhnai is a Talmudic story found in Bava Metzia 59a-b which is set around the early 2nd century CE. The story concerns a debate which was held over the halakhic status of a new type of oven. In the course of the rabbinic disagreement, the story expresses differing views of the nature of law and authority, concerns over a fractured and divisive community, and the issue of harming another person through words and actions.

Bava Metzia
Bava Metzia (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: בָּבָא מְצִיעָא, "The Middle Gate") is the second of the first three Talmudic tractates in the order of Nezikin ("Damages"), the other two being Bava Kamma and Bava Batra. Originally all three formed a single tractate called Nezikin (torts or injuries), each Bava being a Part or subdivision. Bava Metzia discusses civil matters such as property law and usury. It also examines one's obligations to guard lost property that has been found, or property explicitly entrusted to him.
Margaret Bourchier, Countess of Bath
Margaret Bourchier, Countess of Bath (née Donington; c. 1509 – 20 December 1561) was an English Tudor noblewoman. She is notable for the three high-profile and advantageous marriages she secured during her lifetime, and for her success in arranging socially impressive marriages for many of her children. Through her descendants she is a common ancestor of many of the noble families of England.

Margaret was the only daughter and sole heiress of John Donington, a member of the Worshipful Company of Salters, and Elizabeth Pye. Through her first marriage she became the owner of Hengrave Hall, where she installed a tomb and stained glass window to the memory of her three husbands, who all predeceased her. She is buried in Hengrave Church.

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Peter Chasseaud
Peter Chasseaud is a British historian of military cartography. Chasseaud is a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, a member of the Royal United Services Institute, and the founder of the Historical Military Mapping Group of the British Cartographic Society. His, Mapping the First World War (2013), included maps not published since the end of that conflict.

British Cartographic Society
The British Cartographic Society (BCS) is a registered charity dedicated to exploring and developing the world of maps. Membership includes national mapping agencies, publishers, designers, academics, researchers, map curators, individual cartographers, GIS specialists and ordinary members of the public with an interest in maps.

The BCS is regarded as one of the world's leading cartographic societies and its main publication, The Cartographic Journal, is recognised internationally.
Lists of number-one albums
The following articles contain lists of number-one albums:

List of number-one albums in Argentina

List of number-one albums in Australia

List of number-one albums (Finland)

List of number-one albums in Greece

List of number-one albums (Ireland)

List of number-one albums (Japan)

List of number-one albums (Mexico)

List of number-one albums (New Zealand)

List of number-one albums in Norway

List of number-one albums (Poland)

List of UK Albums Chart number ones

List of Billboard 200 number-one albums

Lists of Irish Albums Chart number ones
This is a list of number-one albums in Ireland by year from the Irish Albums Chart. The albums chart is issued weekly by the Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA) and compiled on behalf of the IRMA by Official Charts. Chart rankings are based on sales, which are compiled through over-the-counter retail data captured electronically each day from retailers' EPOS systems. While album charts were compiled prior to 1992 in Ireland, these charts are incomplete and unreliable, as they were based on the supply to the retailer rather than consumer sales.