hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Single domain (magnetic)
In magnetism, single domain refers to the state of a ferromagnet (in the broader meaning of the term that includes ferrimagnetism) in which the magnetization does not vary across the magnet. A magnetic particle that stays in a single domain state for all magnetic fields is called a single domain particle (but other definitions are possible; see below). Such particles are very small (generally below a micrometre in diameter). They are also very important in a lot of applications because they have a high coercivity. They are the main source of hardness in hard magnets, the carriers of magnetic storage in tape drives, and the best recorders of the ancient Earth's magnetic field (see paleomagnetism).

Magnetic storage
Magnetic storage or magnetic recording is the storage of data on a magnetized medium.  Magnetic storage uses different patterns of magnetisation in a magnetizable material to store data and is a form of non-volatile memory.  The information is accessed using one or more read/write heads.

Magnetic storage media, primarily hard disks, are widely used to store computer data as well as audio and video signals. In the field of computing, the term magnetic storage is preferred and in the field of audio and video production, the term magnetic recording is more commonly used. The distinction is less technical and more a matter of preference. Other examples of magnetic storage media include floppy disks, magnetic tape, and magnetic stripes on credit cards.
Chambless, California
Chambless is a ghost town in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California, United States, south of Interstate 40 on the historic Route 66.

Chambless is east of the Bullion Mountains and Ludlow and ten miles east of Amboy Crater and Amboy, California. The ZIP Code is 92319, and the community is inside area code 760. It is 3 miles north of the railroad town of Cadiz.

Amboy Crater
Amboy Crater is a dormant cinder cone volcano that rises above a 70-square-kilometer (27 sq mi) lava field in the eastern Mojave Desert of southern California, within Mojave Trails National Monument.

It is about 75 miles (120 km) equidistant from Barstow to the west and Needles to the east, and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of historic U.S. Route 66, near the town of Amboy in San Bernardino County. In 1973, Amboy Crater was designated the Amboy Crater National Natural Landmark.
Michael Magee (mathematician)
Michael Magee is a Northern Irish mathematician. He is Professor of Mathematics at Durham University.

Magee studied mathematics at the University of Cambridge, graduating with first-class honours in 2007, and completed Part III the following year. He received his PhD in 2014 from the University of California, Santa Cruz, where he was supervised by Alexander Gamburd. In 2022, Magee, working alongside his doctoral student Will Hide, confirmed the existence of a conjecture about complex surfaces dating back to 1984.

He was awarded the Whitehead Prize by the London Mathematical Society in 2021, and the Philip Leverhulme Prize in 2023.

Conjecture
In mathematics, a conjecture is a proposition that is proffered on a tentative basis without proof. Some conjectures, such as the Riemann hypothesis or Fermat's conjecture (now a theorem, proven in 1995 by Andrew Wiles), have shaped much of mathematical history as new areas of mathematics are developed in order to prove them.
Italian destroyer Zeffiro (1904)
Zeffiro ("Zephyr") was an Italian Nembo-class destroyer. Commissioned into service in the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in 1905, she served in the Italo-Turkish War and World War I, playing an active role in the Adriatic campaign. Reclassified as a torpedo boat in 1921, she was decommissioned in 1924.

Adriatic Campaign of World War I
The Adriatic Campaign of World War I was a naval campaign fought between the Central Powers and the Mediterranean squadrons of the Allies, specifically the United Kingdom, France, the Kingdom of Italy, Australia, and the United States.
First Impressions (play)
First Impressions is an 1813 comedy play by the British writer Horatio Smith. It was first performed at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on 30 October 1813. The original cast included Joseph Munden as Sir Thomas Trapwell, Alexander Rae as Fortescue, Robert Elliston as Harcourt, William Lovegrove as Sir Toby Harbottle, William Oxberry as Sapling, Benjamin Wrench as Professor Trifleton, Julia Glover as Laetitia Freemantle, Elizabeth Rebecca Edwin as Lady Trapwell, Sarah Sparks as Lady Anemone, Frances Maria Kelly as Louisa and Susan Boyce as Phoebe. It lasted for fifteen performances on its original run. Its Irish premiere took place at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 27 January 1814.

Crow Street Theatre
Crow Street Theatre was a theatre in Dublin, Ireland, on Crow Street in the Temple Bar area of the city, originally opened in 1758 by the actor Spranger Barry. From 1788 until 1818 it was a patent theatre.
Alexandros Kountouras
Alexandros Kountouras (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Κουντουράς d. 30 April 2012) was a Hellenic Army officer. In the era of the Metapolitefsi, he became known as one of the core supporters of the monarchy. He was a founder (along with Georgios Kourouklis) and afterwards the leader of BEO ("The National Byzantine Organisation", earlier the "National Royal Organization"), a name that was eventually modified due to litigation.

Monarchy of Greece
The Monarchy of Greece (Greek: Μοναρχία της Ελλάδας, romanized: Monarchía tis Elládas) or Greek monarchy (Greek: Ελληνική Μοναρχία, romanized: Ellinikí Monarchía) was the form of government used by the Kingdom of Greece, under which a hereditary sovereign (Basileus) reigned as the head of state of Greece. Greece was led by a monarchy from 1832 to 1924 and from 1935 to 1973.
Les Thornton
Les Thornton (9 April 1934 – 1 February 2019) was a British professional wrestler who competed in Great Britain, Japan, and North America throughout the 1970s and 1980s most notably for Joint Promotions, Stampede Wrestling, the World Wrestling Federation, and various National Wrestling Alliance territories.

Stampede Wrestling North American Heavyweight Championship
The Stampede Wrestling North American Heavyweight Championship was the major title in the Canadian professional wrestling promotion Stampede Wrestling. From its establishment in 1968 until 1972, it was Stampede's secondary singles championship, becoming the top title in 1972 after the previous top championship, the Calgary version of the NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship (Calgary version), was abandoned.
First Battle of Auburn
The First Battle of Auburn was fought on October 13, 1863, between Union infantry and Confederate cavalry forces at the start of the Bristoe Campaign during the American Civil War. A Union infantry column stumbled upon a Confederate cavalry reconnaissance party and a short, inconclusive fight ensued. The Confederate cavalry withdrew in the face of the superior Union force, but a much larger body of Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, attempting to raid a Union wagon train became entrapped by the column, forcing them to abandon the raid and hide in a ravine overnight awaiting Confederate infantry to come to their aid.

Fitzhugh Lee
Fitzhugh Lee (November 19, 1835 – April 28, 1905) was an American Confederate cavalry general in the American Civil War, the 40th Governor of Virginia, diplomat, and United States Army general in the Spanish–American War. He was a descendant of the Lee Family of Virginia - the son of Sydney Smith Lee, a captain in the Confederate States Navy, and the nephew of Robert E. Lee.
Cerro Chela
Chela is a volcano in Chile that was active between 3.75±0.5 and 4.11±0.25 million years ago. It is constructed on top of the 5.4±0.3 million years old rhyolitic Carcote ignimbrite. Its eruption products are mafic andesites.

The volcano was degraded by glaciation but radial ridges and red-gray rocks as well as the uniform slopes indicate that it was a symmetric stratovolcano. The Pleistocene snow line was located at 4,800 metres (15,700 ft) altitude and moraines formed on the northern, western and southern flanks. Perhaps volcanically pre-formed cirques also developed.

Cerro Chela is located south of Aucanquilcha, from which it is separated by the Portezuelo Puquíos. It forms a lineament with Cerro Carcote, Cerro Palpana, Miño Volcano and Volcan Las Cuevas that is oriented north-south.

Andesite
Andesite (/ˈændəzaɪt/) is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich rhyolite. It is fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic in texture, and is composed predominantly of sodium-rich plagioclase plus pyroxene or hornblende.

Andesite is the extrusive equivalent of plutonic diorite. Characteristic of subduction zones, andesite represents the dominant rock type in island arcs. The average composition of the continental crust is andesitic.  Along with basalts, andesites are a component of the Martian crust.

The name andesite is derived from the Andes mountain range, where this rock type is found in abundance. It was first applied by Christian Leopold von Buch in 1826.
Petrary
Petrary (from Greek petra "stone") is a generic term for medieval stone-throwing siege engines such as mangonels and trebuchets,  used to hurl large rocks against the walls of the besieged city, in an attempt to break down the wall and create an entry point. Catapult, trebuchet, and mangonel are all types of petrary, but ballista-style armaments, which shoot bolts or arrows, would not fit into this category.

Petraries are sometimes considered smaller versions of mangonels. In 1159, Frederick Barbarossa, the Holy Roman Emperor, distinguished between petraries, which were small artillery, and mangonels, which were large artillery. The opposite is also true and sometimes the petrary is considered the more powerful weapon, whereas mangonels were the smaller artillery, as was the case in 1185 when the French set up light "Turkish mangonels" and heavy petraries and 1195 when Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut laid siege to Huy.

Huy
Huy (French: [ɥi] ⓘ or [wi] ⓘ; Dutch: Hoei [ɦui] ⓘ; Walloon: Hu) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium. Huy lies along the river Meuse, at the mouth of the small river Hoyoux. It is in the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia, home to the Walloon population.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Ben-Ahin, Huy, Neuville-sous-Huy, and Tihange.
Belaya (Kama)
The Belaya (/ˈbɛlaɪə/ BEL-y-ə) is a river in Bashkortostan, Russia. Its source lies in the south-western Ural Mountains.

It is 1,430 kilometres (890 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi).

Settlements along the Belaya include Beloretsk, Sterlitamak, Ufa (at the confluence with the river Ufa), and Birsk. The Belaya flows into the Kama near Neftekamsk.

Neftekamsk
Neftekamsk (Russian: Нефтека́мск; Bashkir: Нефтекама, romanized: Neftekama) is a city in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located in the northwest of the republic on the Kama River, 220 kilometers (140 mi) from the republic's capital Ufa. It is a large industrial and cultural center of the republic. Population:  121,733 (2010 Census); 122,290 (2002 Census); 106,801 (1989 Soviet census).
Sport in ancient Greek art
Athletics were an important part of the cultural life of Ancient Greeks. Depictions of boxing and bull-leaping can be found back to the Bronze Age.  Buildings were created for the sole use of athletics including stadia, palaestrae, and gymnasiums. Starting in the Archaic period, Panhellenic Games, including the Olympic Games, begin taking place each year. These games gave people from all over Greece the chance to gain fame for their athletic prowess. Athletics in Greece became one of the most commonly depicted scenes of everyday life in their art.

Aegean civilization
Aegean civilization is a general term for the Bronze Age civilizations of Greece around the Aegean Sea. There are three distinct but communicating and interacting geographic regions covered by this term: Crete, the Cyclades and the Greek mainland. Crete is associated with the Minoan civilization from the Early Bronze Age. The Cycladic civilization converges with the mainland during the Early Helladic ("Minyan") period and with Crete in the Middle Minoan period. From c. 1450 BC (Late Helladic, Late Minoan), the Greek Mycenaean civilization spreads to Crete, probably by military conquest. The earlier Aegean farming populations of Neolithic Greece brought agriculture westward into Europe before 5000 BC.
Stem Stem in Electro
Stem Stem in Electro is the second album by Canadian band Hrsta. It was recorded in the  Hotel2Tango, Montreal,  by Howard Bilerman, who co-owns the studio with Efrim Menuck and Thierry Amar of Godspeed You! Black Emperor fame.

Howard Bilerman
Howard Bilerman (born September 25, 1970) is a Canadian musician, sound engineer, and record producer based in Montreal, Quebec. He co-owns the hotel2tango recording studio, and played drums for the band Arcade Fire.

Across his recording career, Bilerman has worked on albums by several prominent Canadian artists, including Godspeed You! Black Emperor, Wolf Parade, Leonard Cohen, Bell Orchestre, U.S. Girls and The Weather Station.
Sara Pinto Coelho
Sarah Augusta de Lima Abreu Pinto Coelho, better known as Sara Pinto Coelho (1913 in Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe – 1990 in Portugal), was a writer of fiction, plays and children's literature, as well as being a primary school teacher and, later, a radio theatre director.

Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (Portuguese: São Tomé e Príncipe Português) was a colony of the Portuguese Empire from the discovery of the islands in 1470 until 1975, when independence was granted by Portugal.
Leger, Edmonton
Leger is a newer neighbourhood in the Terwillegar Heights area of south west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

According to the 2005 municipal census, approximately four out of five homes (82%) are single-family dwellings.  Another 14% are duplexes and 4% are row houses.  Substantially all (97%) of residences are owner-occupied.

The neighbourhood is bounded on the south by 23 Avenue, on the west by Terwillegar Drive, on the east by Rabbit Hill Road, and on the north by a utility corridor located just north of 29 Avenue.

Duplex (building)
A duplex house plan has two living units attached to each other, either next to each other as townhouses and condominiums or one above the other like apartments. By contrast, a building comprising two attached units on two distinct properties is typically considered semi-detached or twin homes but is also called a duplex in parts of the Northeastern United States, Western Canada, and Saudi Arabia.

The term "duplex" is not extended to three-unit and four-unit buildings, as they would be referred to with specific terms such as three-family (or triplex) and fourplex (or quadplex/quadruplex) or a more general multiplex. Because of the flexibility of the term, the line between an apartment building and a duplex is somewhat blurred, with apartment buildings tending to be bigger, while duplexes are usually the size of a single-family house.

Certain jurisdictions may describe these as paired homes.
USS McKean
Two ships of the United States Navy have been named USS McKean, in honor of William McKean.

USS McKean (DD-90), was a Wickes-class destroyer, converted to APD-5 for service in World War II.

USS McKean (DD-784), was a Gearing-class destroyer during World War II.

Gearing-class destroyer
The Gearing class was a series of 98 destroyers built for the U.S. Navy during and shortly after World War II. The Gearing design was a minor modification of the Allen M. Sumner class, whereby the hull was lengthened by 14 ft (4.3 m) at amidships, which resulted in more fuel storage space and increased the operating range.

The first Gearings were not ready for service until mid-1945 and saw little service in World War II. They continued serving, with a series of upgrades, until the 1970s. At that time many were sold to other nations, where they served many more years.
Hussein Al-Awadi
Hussein Al-Awadi (Arabic: حسين العوادي; born 1944) is a former Iraqi politician and member of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, Governor of Anbar (1995), Governor of Najaf (1996), and official of the party's organizations in Nineveh Governorate.

Nineveh Governorate
Nineveh Governorate is a governorate in northern Iraq. It has an area of 37,323 km2 (14,410 sq mi) and an estimated population of 2,453,000 people as of 2003. Its largest city and provincial capital is Mosul, which lies across the Tigris river from the ruins of ancient Nineveh. Before 1976, it was called Mosul Province and included the present-day Dohuk Governorate.

The region is home to many historical sites including the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh, and the ruins of Hatra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which was part of the 2nd-century Arab Kingdom of Hatra. An ethnically, religiously and culturally diverse region, where the second largest city, Tal Afar, has an almost exclusively Turkmen population.
Walter Reed (Canadian politician)
Walter Reed (February 22, 1869 – January 16, 1945) was a construction contractor and political figure in Quebec. He represented L'Assomption in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1908 to 1935 as a Liberal.

He was born in Saint-Clément, Quebec, the son of William Reed and Vitaline Langevin, and was educated in Beauharnois. In 1890, he married Léa Champagne. Reed served on the city council for Maisonneuve from 1901 to 1905 and was mayor from 1905 to 1907. He lived in L'Assomption from 1910 to 1935. He was defeated when he ran for reelection to the Quebec assembly in 1935 and 1936. He died in Montreal at the age of 75 and was buried in L'Assomption.

L'Assomption
L'Assomption (French pronunciation: [lasɔ̃psjɔ̃]) is an off-island suburb of Montreal, in southwestern Quebec, Canada on the L'Assomption River. It is the seat of the Regional County Municipality of L'Assomption.  It is located on the outer fringes of the Montreal urban area.

Most of the economy depends on the  agricultural industries of the surrounding plains.  It is also the cultural centre of the region.
Periplasm
The periplasm is a concentrated gel-like matrix in the space between the inner cytoplasmic membrane and the bacterial outer membrane called the periplasmic space in Gram-negative (more accurately "diderm") bacteria. Using cryo-electron microscopy it has been found that a much smaller periplasmic space is also present in Gram-positive bacteria (more accurately "monoderm"), between cell wall and the plasma membrane. The periplasm may constitute up to 40% of the total cell volume of gram-negative bacteria, but is a much smaller percentage in gram-positive bacteria.

Matrix (biology)
In biology, matrix (pl.: matrices) is the material (or tissue) in between cells within an eukaryotic organism.

The structure of connective tissues is an extracellular matrix. Fingernails and toenails grow from matrices. It is found in various connective tissues. It serves as a jelly-like structure instead of cytoplasm in connective tissue.
2014 Presidents Cup (box lacrosse)
The 2014 Presidents Cup is the National Senior "B" Championship of Canada. This year's tournament is being hosted by the Tri-City Bandits and the West Coast Senior Lacrosse Association. The Senior B national championship will be played at the Poirier Sport & Leisure Complex in Coquitlam, British Columbia.

One team enters the tournament after an undefeated season; St. Albert Miners. After a perfect 16–0 regular season, the Miners swept their way to a Rocky Mountain Lacrosse League championship.

Coquitlam
Coquitlam (/koʊˈkwɪtləm/ ⓘ koh-KWIT-ləm) is a city in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. Mainly suburban, Coquitlam is the sixth-largest city in the province, with an estimated population of 174,248 in 2024, and one of the 21 municipalities comprising Metro Vancouver. The mayor is Richard Stewart.
Pujun Beilu station
Pujun Beilu Station (Chinese: 普君北路站; pinyin: Pǔjūn Běilù Zhàn; Jyutping: pou2gwan1 bak1lou6 zaam6; lit. 'Pujun North Road station') is a metro station on the Guangfo Line (FMetro Line 1). located under  Zhaoxiang Road (兆祥路) just west of its junction Pujun North Road (普君北路) and Shidongxia Road (市东下路) in the Chancheng District of Foshan, near Zhaoxiang Park (兆祥公园) and the Guangdong Cantonese Opera Museum (广东粤剧博物馆). It was completed on 3 November 2010.

Guangfo line
The Guangfo line or Guangfo Metro or Foshan Metro Line 1 is a intercity metro line in China that connects the cities of Foshan and Guangzhou in Guangdong province. As of December 2018, the line is 39.6 km (24.61 mi) long and has 25 stations, all underground. Guangfo Line is the first intercity metro line in China that span two cities: Guangzhou and Foshan, become a "golden corridor" for the integrated development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
25B-NBOMe
25B-NBOMe, also known as NBOMe-2C-B, Cimbi-36, or as N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, 2C, and 25-NB (NBOMe) families. It is the N-(2-methoxybenzyl) derivative of 2C-B. The drug is taken sublingually, bucally, or intranasally.

It acts as a potent full agonist for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.

25B-NBOMe was first described in the scientific literature by Ralf Heim and colleagues at the Free University of Berlin by 1999. After 25I-NBOMe and along with 25C-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe is one of the most widely used 25-NB psychedelics.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Mosjøen IL
Mosjøen Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club from the town of Mosjøen in Vefsn Municipality, Nordland county. It has sections for association football, gymnastics and skiing.

Mosjøen Turnforening (gymnastics) was founded in 1892, and this is also regarded as the foundation year of the current club. Mosjøen Fotballklubb (football) was founded separately in 1909. In 1914, the two clubs merged, and changed its name to the present name Mosjøen Idrettslag.

The men's football team currently plays in the Fourth Division, the fifth tier of Norwegian football. It last played in the Norwegian Second Division in 2000. Former players include Per Joar Hansen, Bent Inge Johnsen and Thomas Drage. The pop-duo Marcus & Martinus currently plays for the men's football team.

Norwegian Second Division
The Norwegian Second Division, also called 2. divisjon is the third-highest level of the Norwegian football league system.

There are 28 teams divided into two groups, and at the end of the season the winner of each group earns promotion to the second-highest division, 1. divisjon. The teams finishing in second place in their respective group will qualify for the promotion play-offs, where they will face each other. The winner will play against the 14th placed team in 1. divisjon for promotion. The bottom three teams in each group are relegated to 3. divisjon.

2. divisjon is the highest league a reserve team can participate in, and only reserve teams from the Eliteserien clubs (first tier) are allowed to enter. The participation of reserve teams stirs debate from time to time.