hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Angus Calder
Angus Lindsay Ritchie Calder (5 February 1942 – 5 June 2008) was a Scottish writer, historian, and poet. Initially studying English literature, he became interested in political history and wrote a landmark study on Britain during the Second World War in 1969 entitled The People's War. He subsequently wrote several other historical works but turned to literature and poetry and worked primarily as a writer, though often holding a number of university teaching positions. A socialist and Scottish nationalist, he was a prominent Scottish public intellectual during the 1970s and 1980s.

Political history
Political history is the narrative and survey of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders. It is closely related to other fields of history, including diplomatic history, constitutional history, social history, people's history, and public history. Political history studies the organization and operation of power in large societies.

From approximately the 1960s onwards, the rise of competing subdisciplines, particularly social history and cultural history, led to a decline in the prominence of "traditional" political history, which tended to focus on the activities of political elites. In the two decades from 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, and the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%.
Return from the Ashes
Return from the Ashes is a 1965 British thriller film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Ingrid Thulin,  Maximilian Schell, Samantha Eggar and Herbert Lom.  It is based on a novel by French crime writer Hubert Monteilhet, adapted for film by prolific screenwriter Julius J. Epstein.

The novel was also adapted for a second film, the 2014 German Phoenix, written and directed by Christian Petzold. He made multiple changes from the book's elements, focusing on the plot to reclaim an inheritance.

The British film starts shortly before the Battle of France (1940) when chess master Stanislaus Pilgrin and Dr. Michele Wulf, a Jewish woman, have a romantic relationship. They get married, but Michele is sent to a Nazi concentration camp.

Following the end of World War II, Michele is released and attempts to reunite with her husband and her step-daughter Fabi. The two plan to kill Michele and claim her estate. The main theme of the film is attempted uxoricide.

Chess title
A chess title is a title regulated by a chess governing body and bestowed upon players based on their performance and rank. Such titles are usually granted for life. The international chess governing body FIDE grants several titles, the most prestigious of which is Grandmaster; many national chess federations also grant titles such as National Master. More broadly, the term "master" can refer to any highly skilled chess player.
Grindstone Creek (Grand River tributary)
Grindstone Creek is a stream in Clinton, DeKalb and Daviess counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Grand River.

The stream headwaters are in northern Clinton County south of the community of Osborn at 39°43′50″N 94°22′01″W﻿ / ﻿39.73056°N 94.36694°W﻿ / 39.73056; -94.36694. The stream flows northeast through southeastern DeKalb County past the community of Fordham and passing under Missouri Route 6 1.5 miles east of Weatherby. It enters Daviess County approximately three miles northeast of Weatherby and flows north crossing under Missouri Route E one half mile west of Santa Rosa. The strem turns to the northeast for another four miles to its confluence with the Grand two miles south of Pattonsburg at 40°01′08″N 94°08′09″W﻿ / ﻿40.01889°N 94.13583°W﻿ / 40.01889; -94.13583.

Grindstone Creek was named for the fact grindstones were sourced from quarries along its course.

Grindstone
A grindstone, also known as grinding stone, is a sharpening stone used for grinding or sharpening ferrous tools, used since ancient times. Tools are sharpened by the stone's abrasive qualities that remove material from the tool through friction in order to create a fine edge. Similar to sandpaper, each stone has a different grit that will result in sharper or duller tools. In Australia, Aboriginal peoples created grinding grooves by repeated shaping of stone axes against outcrops of sandstone.
Fractured Dimensions
Fractured Dimensions is an album by American jazz double bassist William Parker, which was recorded live during the Berlin Total Music Meeting in 1999 and released on the German FMP label in 2003.

The band originally billed to play was the free jazz quartet Other Dimensions In Music, but Rashid Bakr's unavailability led to the fortuitous last-minute substitution of Alan Silva.

Other Dimensions in Music
Other Dimensions in Music is an American free jazz group founded in the 1980s.

The group is a collective quartet composed of trumpeter Roy Campbell, multi-instrumentalist Daniel Carter, bassist William Parker and drummer Rashid Bakr. Campbell, Parker and Bakr began working together as members of Jemeel Moondoc‘s group Muntu. Other Dimensions In Music came into existence when Carter joined them in 1981. Their third album, Time is of the Essence is Beyond Time is a live collaboration with pianist Matthew Shipp. On their next recording, Live at the Sunset, drummer Hamid Drake replaces Bakr. Kaiso Stories finds the quartet backing vocalist Fay Victor.

The group's music is entirely improvised but is generally more melodic than some listeners expect from free jazz.
1934 Upton by-election
The 1934 West Ham Upton by-election was held on 14 May 1934.  The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Alfred Chotzner.  It was won by the Labour candidate Benjamin Walter Gardner.

Alfred Chotzner
Alfred James Chotzner (28 March 1873 – 12 February 1958) was a British judge in colonial India and Conservative politician.

He was the son of Joseph Chotzner, a notable rabbi. Alfred was educated at Harrow and Cambridge University, and afterwards entered the Indian Civil Service, rising to become a High Court judge. In 1931 Chotzner was elected as a Member of Parliament for Upton, but resigned his seat in 1934.
Natwarlal
Natwarlal (born Mithilesh Kumar Srivastava; 1912 — 25 July 2009) was an Indian fraudster known for his high-profile crimes and prison escapes, including having supposedly "sold" the Taj Mahal, the Red Fort, the Rashtrapati Bhavan, and the Parliament House of India on multiple occasions. If valued today, these properties would be worth approximately ₹129 billion ($1.4 billion) in total.

Parliament House, New Delhi
Parliament House (ISO: Saṁsada Bhavana) in New Delhi is the seat of the Parliament of India. It houses the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, which are lower and upper houses respectively in India's bicameral parliament. It is located on Rafi Marg in Central Vista, the central administrative area in New Delhi. It is located to the east of the Old Parliament House, amongst the other administrative buildings of the Indian government.

The Old Parliament House was constructed in 1927. Proposals for a new parliament building to replace the old one emerged in the early 2010s due to the ageing of the old building. In 2019, the proposal to construct a new parliament building was unveiled by the Government of India as part of the Central Vista Redevelopment Project. It was inaugurated on 28 May 2023 by prime minister Narendra Modi. The new building was first used for official business on 19 September 2023 during a special session of the parliament.
Scholz's Star
Scholz's Star /ˈʃoʊlz(əz)/ (WISE designation WISE 0720−0846 or fully WISE J072003.20−084651.2) is a dim binary stellar system 22 light-years (6.8 parsecs) from the Sun in the constellation Monoceros near the galactic plane. It was discovered in 2013 by astronomer Ralf-Dieter Scholz. In 2015, Eric Mamajek and collaborators reported that the system passed through the Solar System's Oort cloud roughly 70,000 years ago in a stellar encounter, and dubbed it Scholz's Star.

Stellar encounter
A stellar encounter is an astronomical event in which two or more stars get within a close distance of each other. Encounters between stars outside dense regions are rare, but they are more frequent in regions dense with stars such as star clusters or multiple star systems. Impacts between two stars do happen but are extremely rare events. Such stellar encounters can caused both star systems to exchange materials such as cosmic dust and planets. After such encounters, especially for stars with protoplanetary disk, both systems will come out with material from the other system. Stars with protoplanetary disk in stellar rich regions undergo background heating, disk truncation and photoevaporation. Theses effects can halt the growth of gas giant planets during their planetary formation phase or not form any gas giant planets at all.
Bassa Friulana
The Bassa Friulana is a low-lying and level area of Friuli, specifically the very southern part of the provinces of Pordenone, Udine and Gorizia in the north-eastern Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

It is well known for its beaches (such as those of Grado, Grado Pineta, Lignano Sabbiadoro, Lignano Pineta and Lignano Riviera), and for its lagoons (such as those of Grado and Marano Lagunare). There is a unique example of industrial archaeology at Torviscosa. Palmanova is a small Renaissance town shaped as a star. Monfalcone has important shipyards.

The Roman and medieval town of Aquileia is of great historical importance. In both Roman and present times, the Bassa Friulana was a highly productive farmland, but during the twelve centuries between the two periods, this land was depopulated.

Palmanova
Palmanova (Friulian: Palme) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeast Italy. The town is an example of a star fort of the late Renaissance, built by the Venetian Republic in 1593.

The fortifications were included in UNESCO's World Heritage Site list as part of Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar in 2017. Palmanova is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
2002 Eurocard German Open – Singles
Justine Henin defeated Serena Williams in the final, 6–2, 1–6, 7–6(7–5) to win the singles tennis title at the 2002 WTA German Open.

Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion, but withdrew prior to her quarterfinal match against Williams.

Amélie Mauresmo
Amélie Simone Mauresmo (French pronunciation: [ameli simɔn moʁɛsmo]; born 5 July 1979) is a French former professional tennis player, tennis coach, and tournament director. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 39 weeks. Mauresmo won 25 WTA Tour-level singles titles, including two majors, at the 2006 Australian Open and the 2006 Wimbledon Championships, as well as the 2005 WTA Tour Championships. She also won an Olympic silver medal in singles at the 2004 Athens Olympics. Mauresmo was known for her powerful one-handed backhand and strong net play.

Mauresmo officially announced her retirement from professional tennis on 3 December 2009, ending a career of 15 years. The following year, she started her coaching career, covering both WTA and ATP players, including ATP world No. 1 Andy Murray. She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2015. In 2021, Mauresmo was named the director of the French Open.
Iracema Vale
Iracema Cristina Vale Lima (born 18 June 1968) is a Brazilian politician serving as president of the Legislative Assembly of Maranhão since 2023. From 2013 to 2020, she served as mayor of Urbano Santos.

Legislative Assembly of Maranhão
The Legislative Assembly of Maranhão (Portuguese: Assembleia Legislativa do Maranhão) is the unicameral legislature of the Brazilian state of Maranhão. The assembly, which is seated in the state capital of São Luís, is composed of has 42 state deputies elected by proportional representation.
Stolec, Łódź Voivodeship
Stolec ([ˈstɔlɛt͡s]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złoczew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Złoczew, 26 km (16 mi) south of Sieradz, and 71 km (44 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Złoczew
Złoczew is a town in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland, with 3,340 inhabitants (2020). It is located in the historic Sieradz Land, 23 kilometres (14 miles) south of Sieradz and 23 kilometres (14 miles) north of Wieluń.

Złoczew is a relatively young town in the region, dating back to the Late Middle Ages, with a preserved palace and park ensemble and Renaissance churches. It is located close to the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok.
Herbert Cheney
Herbert Denison Cheney (June 6, 1873 – January 13, 1931) was an American football coach and educator. He served as the head football coach at the Academy of Idaho—now known as Idaho State University–from 1902 to 1903, compiling a record of 5–1–1.

Cheney was an 1895 graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University and earned his master's degree in ancient and modern languages from Harvard University in 1899. As of September 1918, Cheney was teaching at Gooding College and living in Gooding, Idaho, with his wife, Edna. Cheney died on January 13, 1931, after being struck by an automobile in Tacoma, Washington, while on his way to teach night classes at the College of Puget Sound—he was survived by his wife, two daughters, and two sons.

Ohio Wesleyan University
Ohio Wesleyan University (abbreviated OWU) is a private liberal arts college in Delaware, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1842 by Methodist leaders and central Ohio residents, OWU is a member of the Ohio Five – a consortium of Ohio liberal arts colleges. Its 200-acre (81 ha) campus is 27 miles (44 km) north of Columbus, Ohio and includes the main academic and residential campus, Perkins Observatory, and the Kraus Wilderness Preserve.
Thomas Jefferys
Thomas Jefferys (c. 1719 – 1771), "Geographer to King George III", was an English cartographer who was the leading map supplier of his day. He engraved and printed maps for government and other official bodies and produced a wide range of commercial maps and atlases, especially of North America.

Joshua Fry
Colonel Joshua Fry (1699–1754) was an English-born American adventurer who became a professor, then real estate investor and local official in the colony of Virginia. Although he served several terms in the House of Burgesses, he may be best known as a surveyor and cartographer who collaborated with Peter Jefferson, the father of future U.S. president Thomas Jefferson.  After Fry’s death on a military expedition, George Washington became commanding officer of the Virginia Regiment, a key unit in what became the French and Indian War.
Radium Girls
The Radium Girls were female factory workers who contracted radiation poisoning from painting radium dials – watch dials and hands with self-luminous paint. The incidents occurred at three factories in the United States: one in Orange, New Jersey, beginning around 1917; one in Ottawa, Illinois, beginning in the early 1920s; and one in Waterbury, Connecticut, also in the 1920s.

After being told that the paint was harmless, the women in each facility ingested deadly amounts of radium after being instructed to "point" their brushes on their lips in order to give them a fine tip. The women were instructed to point their brushes in this way because using rags or a water rinse caused them to use more time and material, as the paint was made from powdered radium, zinc sulfide (a phosphor), gum arabic, and water.

The Radium Girls had lasting effects on the labor laws in the United States and Europe following numerous lawsuits following deaths and illness from ingestion of radium.

Labour law
Labour laws (also spelled as labor laws), labour code or employment laws are laws that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer, and union.

Individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work also through the contract for work. Employment standards are social norms (in some cases also technical standards) for the minimum socially acceptable conditions under which employees or contractors are allowed to work. Government agencies (such as the former US Employment Standards Administration) enforce labour law (legislature, regulatory, or judicial).
All Saints Anglican Church (Teulon, Manitoba)
All Saints Anglican Church, also known as Erinview Church, is an historic
Anglican church building located west of Teulon, in the Rural Municipality of Woodlands. Built in 1884 of logs and wood, its steep pitched roof and lancet windows are typical of Carpenter Gothic style churches, albeit a very plain example. The church's historic Erinview Cemetery contains the graves of many area pioneers.

All Saints is a municipal heritage site as designated by the rural municipality of Woodlands on March 13, 2001. It is open for an annual service and special events.

Rural Municipality of Woodlands
Woodlands is a rural municipality (RM) in the province of Manitoba in Western Canada. It lies in the southern part of the Interlake and is named for the community of Woodlands, which itself is named for the wooded lands of the area.
Bruno Dupire
Bruno Dupire (born 1958) is a researcher and lecturer in quantitative finance. He is currently Head of Quantitative Research at Bloomberg LP. He is best known for his contributions to local volatility modeling and Functional Itô Calculus. He is also an Instructor at New York University since 2005, in the Courant Master of Science Program in Mathematics in Finance.

Bloomberg L.P.
Bloomberg L.P. is an American privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It was co-founded by Michael Bloomberg in 1981, with Thomas Secunda, Duncan MacMillan, Charles Zegar, and a 12% ownership investment by Merrill Lynch.

Bloomberg L.P. provides financial software tools and enterprise applications such as analytics and an equity trading platform, data services, and news to financial companies and organizations through the Bloomberg Terminal (via its Bloomberg Professional Service), its core revenue-generating product. Bloomberg L.P. also includes a news agency (Bloomberg News), a global television network (Bloomberg Television), websites, radio stations (Bloomberg Radio), subscription-only newsletters, and two magazines: Bloomberg Businessweek and Bloomberg Markets.

As of 2019, the company has 176 locations and nearly 20,000 employees.
Ebelyakh
Ebelyakh (Russian: Эбелях; Yakut: Эбэлээх, romanized: Ebeleex) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Ebelyakhsky Rural Okrug of Anabarsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 160 kilometers (99 mi) from Saskylakh, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 36; down from 988 recorded in the 2002 Census.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Francis Dawes Melville
Francis Dawes Melville (20 August 1836 – 9 February 1881) was a British civil servant who served in Bombay during British rule. 
He was the Commissioner in Sind from 1877 to 1879.

Melville was born in Camberwell, London, the fourth son of Rev. Henry Melville. He entered the Bombay Civil Service of the East India Company on the last day of 1855. He died in Cairo in 1881, aged 46.

Camberwell
Camberwell (/ˈkæmbərwɛl/ KAM-bər-wel) is an area of South London, England, in the London Borough of Southwark, 2+3⁄4 miles (4.5 kilometres) southeast of Charing Cross.

Camberwell was first a village associated with the church of St Giles and a common of which Goose Green is a remnant. This early parish included the neighbouring hamlets of Peckham, Dulwich, Nunhead, and part of Herne Hill (the rest of Herne Hill was in the parish of Lambeth). Until 1889, it was part of the county of Surrey. In 1900 the original parish became the Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell.

In 1965, most of the Borough of Camberwell was merged into the London Borough of Southwark. To the west, part of both West Dulwich and Herne Hill come under the London Borough of Lambeth.

The place now known as Camberwell covers a much smaller area than the ancient parish, and it is bound on the north by Walworth; on the south by East Dulwich and Herne Hill; to the west by Kennington; and on the east by Peckham.
The Man with All the Toys
"The Man with All the Toys" is a Christmas song written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was released on their 1964 album The Beach Boys' Christmas Album. As a single that year it had limited success (No. 3 on the Billboard Christmas chart), but built sales over successive Christmases and is listed by Billboard in the Top 100 selling Christmas songs in history, though well below the Beach Boys' 1963 Christmas single "Little Saint Nick".

A French-language version of this song was recorded in 1968 by Canadian singer Renée Martel, under the title "As-tu vu le Père Noël?".

Wilson re-recorded this song for his 2005 Christmas album, What I Really Want for Christmas.

D-TV Disney set the song to the two Silly Symphonies, Santa's Workshop and The Night Before Christmas.

D-TV
D-TV is a music video television series produced by Charles Braverman and edited by Ted Herrmann. Premiering on May 5, 1984, on the Disney Channel, the series combined both classic and contemporary popular music with various footage of vintage animated shorts and feature films from The Walt Disney Company, created out of the trend of music videos on cable channel MTV, which inspired the name of this series.
Sutapa Chakraborty
Sutapa Chakraborty is a Bengali poet. She is the first person from Assam to receive the Yuva Puraskar for literary work in Bengali language.

Chakraborty was honored with the Yuva Puraskar by Sahitya Akademi in 2024 for her poetry collection Deraje Halud Ful, Gatajanma.

Yuva Puraskar
The Yuva Puraskar, also known as Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar, is an annual literary award conferred by Sahitya Akademi on young writers of outstanding works in 24 Indian languages. Instituted in 2011, it recognises writers under 35, with the aim of encouraging and promoting young writers.

The award comprises a cash prize of ₹50,000 and an engraved copper plaque. It is usually announced alongside Bal Sahitya Puraskar.