hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meta Quarck-Hammerschlag
Meta Quarck-Hammerschlag (born Meta Heinrichs:  21 December 1864 – 11 August 1954) was a German social reformer and women's rights activist.   She had a number of 'firsts' to her name:  she was the first woman to serve as a member of the Frankfurt city council ("Magistrat"), which she did between 1919 and 1924 and again between 1926 and 1933.   Through that period the focus of her work remained, as before, on welfare issues and youth work.

Gründerzeit
The Gründerzeit (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁʏndɐˌtsaɪt] ⓘ; lit. 'founders' period') was a period of European economic history in mid- and late-19th century Germany and Austria-Hungary between industrialization and the great stock market crash of 1873. Its name is derived from the many incorporations of companies that occurred in the years between the Franco-Prussian War and the panic of 1873.

The term also refers to a cultural and architectural era which began in the mid-19th century and lasted until 1914. Gründerzeit architecture is closely associated with historicism, and occupies a prominent place in many Central European cities due to 19th-century urbanization.
Mailara Mahadevappa
Mailara Mahadevappa (8 June 1911 – 1 April 1943), also known as Mahadeva, from Motebennur of Karnataka state, India, was an Indian revolutionary, known for resisting British rule. 
Martandapp alias Martand and  Basamma are his parents.
At the age of 18, he accompanied Mahatma Gandhi on the Dandi March, as the only representative from Karnataka.

In 2018, he was depicted on a stamp issued by Indian Post, and a Memorial Trust is named in his honor. Mailara Mahadevappa participated in noncooperation movement call given by Mahatma Gandhi and he was killed by the police on 1 April 1943, along with his followers Tirakappa Madivalar and Veerayya Hiremath while breaking open the treasury where colonial officials had kept the land revenue in Hosaritti Village Veerabhadra Swamy Temple by collecting forcefully from farmers. Mahadev Mailar use to collect back Land Revenue and redistribute it to the concerned farmers.

Indian Imperial Police
The Indian Imperial Police, (officially known as the Imperial Police or I.P.) was part of the uniform system of police administration in British Raj, as established by Government of India Act 1858 and Police Act of 1861. It was motivated by the danger experienced by the British during the 1857 Revolution.

In 1920, the Imperial Indian police had 310,000 police in their contingent. Its members policed more than 300 million people from the Raj (now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Burma).

In 1948, a year after India's independence, the Imperial Police Service was replaced by the Indian Police Service, which had been constituted as part of the All-India Services by the Constitution.
Sturmscharführer
SS-Sturmscharführer (German: [ˈʃtʊʁmʃaːɐ̯ˌfyːʁɐ]; lit. 'Storm squad leader') was a Nazi rank of the Waffen-SS that existed between 1934 and 1945. The rank was the most senior enlisted rank in the Waffen-SS, the equivalent of a regimental sergeant major, in other military organizations.

Regimental sergeant major
Regimental sergeant major (RSM) is an appointment that may be held by a warrant officer (WO) in the British Army, the Royal Marines, and the armies of many other Commonwealth and former Commonwealth nations. It is also an actual rank in the Irish Defence Forces, and formerly in the British Army, Royal Marines and United States Army. Only one warrant officer holds the appointment of RSM in any regiment or battalion, making them the senior warrant officer; in a unit with more than one top-ranked WO, the RSM is considered to be first amongst equals". The RSM is primarily responsible for assisting their commander in maintaining standards and discipline amongst the non-commissioned members and acts as a parental figure to their subordinates, sometimes referred to by the mantra "Drill, Dress and Discipline".
Ibru
Ibru  is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Ibru (1945–2011), Nigerian businessman and politician

Cecilia Ibru (born 1946), Nigerian bank chief

Elvina Ibru (born 1972), Nigerian actress

Felix Ibru (1935–2016), Nigerian architect and politician

Goodie Ibru (born 1942), Nigerian businessman

Maiden Alex Ibru (born 1949), Nigerian media executive

Michael Ibru (1930–2016), Nigerian industrialist

Oskar Ibru (1958–2025), Nigerian businessman and socialite

Alex Ibru
Alex Ibru (1 March 1945 – 20 November 2011) was a Nigerian businessman, founder and publisher of The Guardian (Nigeria) newspaper, who was minister of internal affairs from 1993 to 1995 during the military regime of General Sani Abacha.
Christina Lake (Alberta)
Christina Lake is an elongate lake in northern Alberta, Canada, located  near Highway 881 east of Conklin, between Lac La Biche and Fort McMurray. Christina Lake and the Christina River are named to honour Christine Gordon, originally from Scotland, who was the first white woman to live permanently in the Fort McMurray area.

Alberta Highway 881
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 881, commonly referred to as Highway 881, is a highway split into two sections in northeast Alberta, Canada.  Each section is over 200 kilometres (120 mi) in length; the southern portion runs from Highway 13 in Hardisty to Highway 55 northwest of Bonnyville, while the northern section stretches from Highway 55 in Lac La Biche to the south side of Fort McMurray, serving as an important alternate route to Highway 63. A 72-kilometre (45 mi) section of Highway 55 joins the two sections. Lac La Biche County is lobbying the Government of Alberta to renumber the section of Highway 881 between Lac La Biche and Fort McMurray to Highway 36.

Both sections are entirely paved. This highway is also 49 Street in Hardisty, 53 Street in Irma, 47 Street in Mannville, 50 Street in Myrnam, and 40 Street in St. Paul.
John Giffard, 1st Baron Giffard
John Giffard, Baron Giffard of Brimsfield (1232–1299) was an English nobleman prominent in the Second Barons' War and in Wales. His initial gift of land in Oxford led to the foundation of Gloucester College, Oxford.

Second Barons' War
The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of barons led by Simon de Montfort against the royalist forces of King Henry III, led initially by the king himself and later by his son, the future King Edward I. The barons sought to force the king to rule with a council of barons, rather than through his favourites. To bolster the initial success of his baronial regime, de Montfort sought to broaden the social foundations of parliament by extending the franchise to the commons for the first time. However, after a rule of just over a year, de Montfort was killed by forces loyal to the king at the Battle of Evesham. The war also involved a series of massacres of Jews by some of de Montfort's supporters (and his sons Henry and Simon) in attacks aimed at seizing and destroying evidence of baronial debts.
Kelath Aravindakshan Marar
Kelath Aravindakshan Marar (1942 – 5 May 2024) was an Indian Chenda artist. He hailed from Ollur in Thrissur district of Kerala, India. Aravindakshan Marar was a regular presence in Thrissur Pooram's Ilanjiththara Melam, Peruvanam Pooram, Arattupuzha Pooram, Thrippunithura temple festival, Irinjalakuda Koodalmanikyam temple festival and other major temple festivals.

Marar was trained in percussion by his father Makoth Sankarankutty Marar. After completing his studies, he made his debut performance during Navarathri festival at Edakkunni temple at the age of 12. Marar died at Thrissur on 5 May 2024, aged 82.

Thrippunithura
Thrippunithura or Tripunithura (Malayalam:തൃപ്പൂണിത്തുറ) is a prominent historical and residential region in the city of Kochi in Kerala, India. Located about 7 km (4 mi) from the city centre, Tripunithura was the capital of the erstwhile Kingdom of Cochin. The descendants of the Cochin royal family still live here. The Hill Palace situated in Tripunithura was the palace of Maharaja of Cochin, the ruler of Kingdom of Cochin. Tripunithura is also well known for its historical cultures  and worldwide famous because of Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple and the annual festival Vrishchikoltsawam that takes place at the temple.

In local administration, it is a municipality named Tripunithura Municipality. In the state administrative structure, Tripunithura is part of the Ernakulam District in the state of Kerala.
Kott
Kott or Kött is a surname of German, Polish, Czech, and also Yiddish origins.

Alexander Kott (born 1973), Russian film director

Christoph Florentius Kött (1801–1873), German bishop

Gary Kott (born 1947), American television writer

Jan Kott (1914–2001), Polish writer

Micheal Kott (born 1961), American actor

Pete Kott (born 1949), American politician

Phillip Kott (born 1952), American statistician

Vladimir Kott (born 1973), Russian film and stagedirector

Wilhelmina Kott (1880–1994), American supercentenarian

Christoph Florentius Kött
Christoph Florentius Kött (7 November 1801, in St. Martin – 17 October 1873, in Fulda) was a bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda from 1848 to 1873.

Kött was ordained as priest on 18 December 1824. On 29 March 1848 he was appointed as bishop of Fulda. He was confirmed on 11 December 1848 and ordained on 1 May 1849. During his tenure he ordained the future bishop Adalbert Endert as priest, on 6 April 1873. Kött re-founded the boys' seminary, which was housed together with the seminary for priests in the former cloister building. Kött was arrested in 1873, during the Kulturkampf, for protesting the laws that gave the state far-reaching influence on the seminary. In the end, this conflict would lead to the disbanding of the boys' seminary (1873) and the priests' seminary (December 1874). For years afterward the bishop's seat in Fulda remained empty. Kött died in Fulda, shortly after his arrest.
Île Sainte-Marguerite
Île Sainte-Marguerite (pronounced [il sɛ̃tmaʁɡ(ə)ʁit]; French: Île Sainte-Marguerite, transl. Saint Margaret Island) is the largest of the Lérins Islands, about half a mile offshore from the French Riviera city of Cannes, situated in the Bay of Cannes. The island is approximately 3,200 metres (2.0 miles) in length (east to west) and 950 metres (0.59 miles) across (north to south).: 422–423  Sainte Marguerite Island is the closest of the Lérins Islands to Cannes, just 700 metres from the Palm-Beach headland, and the most extensive, covering an area of 2.1 square kilometres (210 hectares).: 422–423  It reaches an altitude of only 27.6 metres (0.0171 miles) in the north, near the fort.: 422–423

The island is most famous for its fortress prison, entitled the "Fort Royal" (French: "Fort Royal"), in which the so-called Man in the Iron Mask was held for 11 years (1687–1698) of his 34 years of imprisonment.

National Forests Office (France)
The National Forests Office (French: Office national des forêts), or ONF, is a Government of France agency that manages the state forests, city forests and biological reserves. ONF is based in Paris.

The office is responsible for the sustainable management of France's approximately 10 million hectares of public forests. The ONF takes over their protection and carries out forestry policing tasks. Around 9,000 civil servants work at the ONF and its regional offices. ONF is under legislation of Ministère de l'Agriculture and Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire.
Fantozzi in paradiso
Fantozzi in Paradiso (Fantozzi in Heaven)  is a 1993 Italian comedy film directed by Neri Parenti. It is the eighth chapter in the Fantozzi film series of the unlucky clerk Ugo Fantozzi, played by its creator, Paolo Villaggio. In this film, Fantozzi dies. It is followed by Fantozzi - Il ritorno (1996).

Neri Parenti
Neri Parenti (born 26 April 1950) is an Italian film director and writer. He is known for comedy films, including the series starring Paolo Villaggio playing the character Ugo Fantozzi, and a later series of cinepanettoni—zany comedy films scheduled for release during the Christmas period.
Doug Brown (sportscaster)
Doug Brown is an American sportscaster who has worked for ESPN Radio since 1993. He is currently the host of SportsCenterNightly.

Brown has previously worked for WSAR (1978–1981), WHLL (1981–1983), WNDS, WBZ Radio (1987), WEEI (1987–1991), WSBK-TV (1993–1996), WABU (1996–1999). He has hosted studio shows for the Boston Red Sox, Boston Celtics, and Boston Bruins and was the Celtics color commentator during the 1990–91 season.

For ESPN Radio, Brown called NBA and college basketball and reported and hosted shows from the Olympics, the World Series, the Final Four, and the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

Brown is a 1978 graduate of the Boston University College of Communication. He served as the play-by-play announcer for Boston University men's basketball on radio from 1981 to 1995 and on television from 1995 to 1999 and from 2005 to 2024.

Brown is also known by his nicknames, "Dougie Fresh" and "Downtown Dougie Brown."

WEZE
WEZE (590 AM) – branded 590 AM The Word – is a commercial Christian radio station licensed to Boston, Massachusetts, serving Greater Boston and much of surrounding New England. Owned by Salem Communications, WEZE is the Boston affiliate for the Salem Radio Network. The WEZE studios are located in the Boston suburb of North Quincy, and the station transmitter resides in neighboring Medford. Besides a standard analog transmission, WEZE is available online.
Emi Kawabata
Emi Kawabata (川端 絵美, Kawabata Emi, born 13 February 1970) is a Japanese skier. She competed in Alpine skiing at the 1988, 1992 and the 1994 Winter Olympics. She is the only female Japanese skier to finish on the podium of an Alpine World Cup race, placing third in a downhill race at St. Anton, Austria, on 18 December 1993.

Downhill (ski competition)
Downhill is a form of alpine skiing competition. Whereas the other alpine skiing events (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, and combined) emphasize turning and technique, downhill emphasizes "the six components of technique, courage, speed, risk, physical condition and judgement", according to the FIS "International Ski Competition Rules (ICR)". Speeds of up to 130 km/h (81 mph) are common in international competition. Athletes must have an aerodynamically efficient tuck position to minimize drag and increase speed.

The term, "downhill skiing", is also used as a synonym for alpine skiing as a recreational activity.
Joy to the World (Lincoln Brewster album)
Joy to the World: A Christmas Collection by Lincoln Brewster is the eighth studio album, and first ever Christmas release recorded by contemporary worship musician Lincoln Brewster. The album was produced by Brewster along with Colby Wedgeworth, and it was released by Integrity Music. The album has seen commercial charting successes and positive critical attention.

Contemporary worship music
Contemporary worship music (CWM), also known as praise and worship music, is a distinct genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship. It has evolved over the past 60 years and is stylistically similar to pop music. The songs are often referred to as "praise songs" or "worship songs" and are typically led by a "worship band" or "praise team," with either a guitarist or pianist serving as the lead. It has become a common genre of music performed in many churches, particularly in charismatic or non-denominational Protestant churches, with some Catholic congregations also incorporating it into the Mass.
Rebar Art and Design Studio
Rebar Art and Design Studio, stylized as REBAR, is an interdisciplinary studio founded in 2004 and based in San Francisco, United States. The group's work encompasses visual and conceptual public art, landscape design, urban intervention, temporary performance installation, digital media and print design. Rebar's projects often intersect with contemporary urban ecology, new urbanism, and psychogeography practices and theory.

Principal members of Rebar are John Bela, Matthew Passmore, and Blaine Merker. Rebar's work has been exhibited at the 2008 Venice Architecture Biennale, ExperimentaDesign Amsterdam, ISEA 2009 Dublin, the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, the American Institute of Architects, the Canadian Centre for Architecture, the Harvard Graduate School of Design, Parsons School of Design, University of California Berkeley, the University of Michigan, the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Venice Biennale of Architecture
The Venice Biennale of Architecture (Italian: Mostra di Architettura di Venezia) is an international exhibition showcasing architectural works from around the world, held in Venice, Italy, every other year.

Originally held in even-numbered years until 2018, the event was postponed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and rescheduled for 2021, shifting the calendar to odd-numbered years. It forms the architecture section of the broader Venice Biennale and was officially established in 1980, although architecture had been included in the Venice Art Biennale since 1968.

The Biennale is divided into two main sections: the permanent national pavilions located in the Giardini della Biennale, and the Arsenale, which hosts projects from numerous countries under one roof.
Trolleybuses in Rome
The Rome trolleybus system (Italian: Rete filoviaria di Roma) forms part of the public transport network of the city and comune of Rome, Italy.  In operation since 2005, the current system comprises three routes (60, 74 and 90).

From 1937 to 1972, Rome was served by a much more extensive trolleybus system, which was then the largest in Italy and one of the largest in Europe.

Porta Pia
Porta Pia was one of the northern gates in the Aurelian Walls of Rome, Italy.  One of Pope Pius IV's civic improvements to the city, it is named after him. Situated at the end of a new street, the Via Pia, it was designed by Michelangelo to replace the Porta Nomentana situated several hundred meters southwards, which was closed up at the same time. Construction began in 1561 and ended in 1565, after the artist's death. A 1561 bronze commemorative medal by Gian Federico Bonzagna shows an early plan by Michelangelo, very different from his final design. The façade on the outside of the city was completed in 1869 under the Neo-Classicist design by Virginio Vespignani.
UESAC
The Uppsala–ESO Survey of Asteroids and Comets (UESAC) took place in 1992–1993. A large number of asteroids were investigated. Over 15,000 positions were detected, and orbits were calculated for 2500.

The observations were taken at ESO's La Silla Observatory site in Chile, with a total of 74 obtained photographic plates, and at the Anglo-Australian Observatory (Siding Spring Observatory) in Australia. Details were published in 1996.

Photographic plate
Photographic plates preceded film as the primary medium for capturing images in photography. These plates, made of metal or glass and coated with a light-sensitive emulsion, were integral to early photographic processes such as heliography, daguerreotypes, and photogravure. Glass plates, thinner than standard window glass, became widely used in the late 19th century for their clarity and reliability. Although largely replaced by film during the 20th century, plates continued to be used for specialised scientific and medical purposes until the late 20th century.
Hernando de Alarcón
Hernando de Alarcón (born c. 1500) was a Spanish explorer and navigator of the 16th century, noted for having led a 1540 expedition to the Colorado River Delta, during which he became one of the first Europeans to ascend the Colorado River from its mouth and became the first European to see Alta California.

Little is known about Alarcón's life outside of his exploits in New Spain. He was probably born in the town of Trujillo, in present-day Extremadura, Spain, in the first years of the 16th century and travelled to the Spanish colonies in the Americas as a young man.

Trujillo, Cáceres
Trujillo (Spanish: [tɾuˈxiʎo] ⓘ) is a municipality located in Extremadura, an autonomous community of Spain in the Province of Cáceres. In 2013 the municipality had 9,086 inhabitants (INE Census, 2013).

Originally settled on a granite knoll, which was readily fortified, Trujillo now extends to the southeast of its original site. Likewise, it lies on the A-5 road route connecting central Spain with the Portuguese border. The old town contains many medieval and renaissance buildings.

It hosts the national cheese festival in early May.
Seven Types of Ambiguity
Seven Types of Ambiguity is a work of literary criticism by William Empson which was first published in 1930. It was one of the most influential critical works of the 20th century and was a key foundation work in the formation of the New Criticism school. The book is organized around seven types of ambiguity that Empson finds in the poetry he discusses. The second edition (revised) was published by Chatto & Windus, London, 1947, and there was another revised edition in 1953. The first printing in America was by New Directions in 1947.

Seven Types of Ambiguity ushered in New Criticism in the United States. The book is a guide to a style of literary criticism practiced by Empson. An ambiguity is represented as a puzzle to Empson. We have ambiguity when "alternative views might be taken without sheer misreading." Empson reads poetry as an exploration of conflicts within the author.

Chatto & Windus
Chatto & Windus is an imprint of Penguin Random House that was formerly an independent book publishing company founded in London in 1855 by John Camden Hotten. Following Hotten's death, the firm reorganized under the names of his business partner Andrew Chatto and poet William Edward Windus. The company was purchased by Random House in 1987 and is now a sub-imprint of Vintage Books within the Penguin UK division.
Mary Armanios
Mary Armanios is Professor of Oncology, Genetic Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Biology, and Genetics at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Director of the Telomere Center at Johns Hopkins University. Her research focuses on the role of telomeres in disease.

Telomere
A telomere (/ˈtɛləmɪər, ˈtiːlə-/;  from Ancient Greek  τέλος (télos) 'end' and  μέρος (méros) 'part') is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Telomeres are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes. In most or even all species possessing them, they protect the terminal regions of chromosomal DNA from progressive degradation and ensure the integrity of linear chromosomes by preventing DNA repair systems from mistaking the very ends of the DNA strand for a double-strand break.
Reeves Glacier
The Reeves Glacier (74°45′S 162°15′E﻿ / ﻿74.750°S 162.250°E﻿ / -74.750; 162.250) is a broad glacier originating on the interior upland and descending between Eisenhower Range and Mount Larsen to merge with the Nansen Ice Sheet along the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica.

Victoria Land
Victoria Land is a region in eastern Antarctica which fronts the western side of the Ross Sea and the Ross Ice Shelf, extending southward from about 70°30'S to 78°00'S, and westward from the Ross Sea to the edge of the Antarctic Plateau. It was discovered by Captain James Clark Ross in January 1841 and named after Queen Victoria. The rocky promontory of Minna Bluff is often regarded as the southernmost point of Victoria Land, and separates the Scott Coast to the north from the Hillary Coast of the Ross Dependency to the south.
Władysławowo, Łódź Voivodeship
Władysławowo [vwadɨswaˈvɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeżów, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-west of Jeżów, 12 km (7 mi) east of Brzeziny, and 32 km (20 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Brzeziny, Brzeziny County
Brzeziny ([bʐɛˈʑinɨ]; Yiddish: ברעזין, Brezin) is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, about 20 km (12 mi) east of Łódź. It is the capital of Brzeziny County and has a population of 12,326 as of December 2021. It is situated on the Mrożyca River within the historic Łęczyca Land.