hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mark de Cataldo
Mark Andrea de Cataldo is an Italian mathematician.

De Cataldo earned a doctorate from the University of Notre Dame in 1995, and began teaching at Stony Brook University in 1998–1999, after completing postdoctoral research at the Washington University in St. Louis, the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, and Harvard University. He is a member of the Institute for Advanced Study and has been awarded the Simons Foundation fellowship. In 2019, de Cataldo was elected a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Simons Foundation
The Simons Foundation is an American private foundation established in 1994 by Marilyn and Jim Simons with offices in New York City. As one of the largest charitable organizations in the United States with assets of over $5 billion in 2022, the foundation's mission is to advance the frontiers of research in mathematics and basic sciences. The foundation supports science by making grants to individual researchers and their projects.

In 2021, Marilyn Simons stepped down as president after 26 years at the helm, and astrophysicist David Spergel was appointed president.
Jeremy Rose (jockey)
Jeremy Rose (born April 1, 1979 in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse jockey. He began his career as a professional rider at Delaware Park in Wilmington, Delaware and in 2001 was his breakout year and he was voted the United States' Eclipse Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey.

In 2005, Rose guided Afleet Alex, to victory in two American Classic Races, the Preakness and Belmont Stakes. His performances that year earned him the ESPY Award as the top American jockey of 2005. He earned his 1000th career victory at Delaware Park on July 3, 2005.

In 2008, Rose was suspended for six months by the Delaware Thoroughbred Racing Commission for whipping Appeal to the City in the head during a June 23 race at Delaware Park. Rose, the horse's trainer and its owner, have asserted it was an accident and the suspension is under appeal.

Jeremy Rose currently resides in Elkton, Maryland.

Eclipse Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey
The Eclipse Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey is an American thoroughbred horse racing honor. Created in 1971, it is part of the Eclipse Awards program honoring Champions in numerous horse racing categories. This article lists the annual winners of the Eclipse Award for a jockey undergoing their apprenticeship.

The 1977 winner, Steve Cauthen, also won the overall Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey that same year. Three women have won this Eclipse Award: Rosemary Homeister in 1992, Emma-Jayne Wilson in 2005, and Jessica Pyfer for 2021.

Past winners:
Il Flaminio
Il Flaminio is a 1735 opera buffa by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi to a Neapolitan libretto by Gennaro Antonio Federico, first performed at the Teatro Nuovo, Naples. Untypically in Pergolesi's difficult and short career the opera was an immediate success and continued to be staged up to 1750.

Teatro Nuovo (Naples)
The Teatro Nuovo (New Theatre) is a theatre located on Via Montecalvario in the Quartieri Spagnoli district of Naples. The original theatre was an opera house designed by Domenico Antonio Vaccaro. Completed in 1724, it was also known as the Teatro Nuovo sopra Toledo and the Teatro Nuovo de Montecalvario. The theatre specialised in the opera buffa genre and saw the world premieres of hundreds of operas in its heyday. These included fifteen of Cimarosa's operas and seven of Donizetti's. The present theatre is the third to have been erected on the site following its destruction by fire in 1861 and again in 1935.
Bangladesh Army football team
Bangladesh Army Football Team  (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ সেনাবাহিনী ফুটবল দল) represents the Bangladesh Army in football and competes in the National Football Championship, which is the main district tournament in the country. They also participate in the Independence Cup and previously played in the Federation Cup.

The Army team consists of players who play professionally in the Bangladesh Football League, Championship League, Dhaka League and its lower tiers, while still being employed in the Bangladesh Army.

Dhaka Football League
Dhaka Football League (Bengali: ঢাকা ফুটবল লিগ) is Bangladesh's semi-professional football league. It includes the third-tier, Senior Division, the fourth-tier, Second Division and the fifth-tier, Third Division. The league is run by Dhaka Metropolitan Football League Committee (DMFLC) under the supervision of Bangladesh Football Federation (BFF). Prior to the introduction of the professional league in 2007, the regional league consisted of the country's top-three tiers, and until 2004, the winners of the top-tier were given entry to the Asian Club Championship (now AFC Champions League Elite). The top-two finishing clubs of the Senior Division are promoted to the professional league through the second-tier, the Bangladesh Championship League, while the bottom two teams of the Third Division are relegated to the amateur sixth-tier, the Pioneer Football League.
Chornyi voron
Chornyi voron (Чорний ворон; lit. Black Raven) is a 2009 Ukrainian historical novel by Vasyl Shkliar. It portrays the anti-Bolshevik Ukrainian insurgency of the early 1920s and was selected for the Shevchenko National Prize in 2011. In English-language coverage the novel is often referred to by a literal translation of its Ukrainian title (Black Raven), while the published English translation uses the title Raven (Aventura, April 2013; translated by Stephen Komarnyckyj and Susie Speight); a later English print edition appeared as Raven's Way (Kalyna Language Press Limited, 2015; translated by Komarnyckyj). The novel has also been published in Ukraine under the title Залишенець. Чорний Ворон (Kharkiv: Кн. клуб "Клуб Сімейного Дозвілля").

Shevchenko National Prize
The Shevchenko National Prize (Ukrainian: Націона́льна пре́мія Украї́ни і́мені Тараса́ Шевче́нка; also Shevchenko Award) is the highest state prize of Ukraine for works of culture and arts awarded since 1961. It is named after the inspirer of the Ukrainian national revival Taras Shevchenko. It is one of the five state prizes of Ukraine that are awarded for achievements in various fields.
Adder–subtractor
In digital circuits, an adder–subtractor is a circuit that is capable of adding or subtracting numbers (in particular, binary). Below is a circuit that adds or subtracts depending on a control signal. It is also possible to construct a circuit that performs both addition and subtraction at the same time.

Circuit (computer science)
In theoretical computer science, a circuit is a model of computation in which input values proceed through a sequence of gates, each of which computes a function. Circuits of this kind provide a generalization of Boolean circuits and a mathematical model for digital logic circuits. Circuits are defined by the gates they contain and the values the gates can produce.  For example, the values in a Boolean circuit are Boolean values, and the circuit includes conjunction, disjunction, and negation gates.  The values in an integer circuit are sets of integers and the gates compute set union, set intersection, and set complement, as well as the arithmetic operations addition and multiplication.
Büllingen
Büllingen (German: [ˈbʏlɪŋən]; French: Bullange [bylɑ̃ʒ] ⓘ) is a municipality of East Belgium, located in the Belgian province of Liège, Wallonia. On January 1, 2006, Büllingen had a total population of 5,385 inhabitants. The total area is 150.49 km2 which gives a population density of 36 inhabitants per km2. The official language of Büllingen is German, but it offers French language facilities to francophones.

Since 1977 Büllingen consists of 27 villages:

Büllingen, Honsfeld, Hünningen, Mürringen

Rocherath, Krinkelt, Wirtzfeld

Manderfeld, Afst, Allmuthen, Andlermühle, Berterath, Buchholz, Eimerscheid, Hasenvenn, Hergersberg, Holzheim, Hüllscheid, Igelmonder Hof, Igelmondermühle, Kehr, Krewinkel, Lanzerath, Losheimergraben, Medendorf, Merlscheid, Weckerath.

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.
Painted (Narrows album)
Painted is the second studio album by the international rock band Narrows. The album was released on February 28, 2012, through Deathwish Inc. To promote Painted, prior to its release Narrows previewed the tracks "Under the Guillotine" and "Absolute Betrayer". A music video was also made for the song "TB Positive".

In 2011, Narrows guitarist Jodie Cox, who lives in England, was denied access to the United States. Cox's guitar parts were recorded by Wayne Pennell at Bunker Studios in Brentford, England and sent to the rest of the band over the internet. Matt Bayles tracked the rest of the album at Red Room Studio in Seattle, Washington. Cox described the process, which involved communicating with the rest of the band through the online video service Skype, as being "a frustrating and challenging experience."

Deathwish Inc.
Deathwish Inc. is an American independent record label conceived by Jacob Bannon of Converge and Tre McCarthy in 2000. Their first release was Deeper the Wound, a split album between Converge and Japanese band Hellchild on April 23, 2001. Deathwish established itself quickly, working with a diverse group of bands and eventually becoming one of the most respected and innovative labels in contemporary hardcore punk and aggressive music in general.

After having previously worked with RED Distribution, in March 2016, Deathwish signed a global deal with Alternative Distribution Alliance (ADA), an independent distribution label under Warner Music Group that has also partnered with other punk labels including Epitaph Records, Rise Records, and Run for Cover Records.

Deathwish, Inc. has also expanded into releasing exclusive archived prints from various artists, which include Jacob Bannon.
Sara Alström
Sara Alström (born 28 October 1975 in Stockholm) is a Swedish former actress. She started acting when she was 11 years old, then together with her younger sister Hanna. She first gained notoriety for her role as Lina Dahlén in the popular soap opera Rederiet. She studied at Balettakademien, Kulturama, and the Stella Adler Studio of Acting in New York City.

She was born on 28 October 1975.

She has a daughter. As of 2015, she worked in sales and marketing for organic skincare products.

Stella Adler Studio of Acting
The Stella Adler Studio of Acting (formerly Stella Adler Conservatory) is a prestigious acting school that was founded by actress and teacher Stella Adler. The Stella Adler Studio of Acting has two locations: its original New York City conservatory, founded in 1949, and the Art of Acting Studio in Los Angeles. The Stella Adler Studio of Acting in New York is not affiliated with the Stella Adler Academy & Theatre, which Adler established in Los Angeles in 1985. The Stella Adler Studio and the Juilliard School currently boast the lowest program acceptance rates in the professional acting world. The studio only accepts 28 students a semester into its professional conservatory program.
Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria
The Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN) is a statutory service organisation responsible for the management of all commercial airports in Nigeria and for providing services to both passenger and cargo airlines. Its mandate is to create conditions for the development of air transport and related services in the most economic and efficient manner. The authority has its head office at Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory.

Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)
The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) is a federal territory in central Nigeria. Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria, is located in this territory. The FCT was formed in 1976 from parts of the states of old Kaduna, Kwara, Niger, and Plateau states, with the bulk of land mass carved out of Niger state. The Federal Capital Territory is within the North Central region of the country. Unlike other states of Nigeria, which are headed by elected Governors, it is administered by the Federal Capital Territory Administration, headed by a minister, who is appointed by the president.
Philippe Carcassonne
Philippe Carcassonne is a French film producer. He is a frequent producer of films directed by Patrice Leconte, Benoît Jacquot, and his wife Anne Fontaine. He was nominated for an Academy Award and two BAFTA Film Awards for producing The Father (2020).

Benoît Jacquot
Benoît Jacquot (French: [bənwa ʒako]; born 5 February 1947) is a French sexual predator, film director and screenwriter who has had a varied career in European cinema.

In July 2024, Jacquot was charged with rape, including of a minor, and was barred from directing and having contact with minors.
Penetralia
Penetralia is the debut studio album by Swedish melodic death metal band Hypocrisy, released in 1992. The cover artwork was created by Dan Seagrave. The digipak reissue contains two bonus tracks: "Life of Filth" (from Death....Is Just the Beginning II) and "Lead by Satanism". The album was since reissued multiple times alongside the band's other earlier death metal albums, resulting in mixed-to-positive reviews.

Lyrical themes explored on the album include antireligion and blasphemy, most notoriously in "God Is a Lie".

Antireligion
Antireligion is opposition to religion or traditional religious beliefs and practices. It involves opposition to organized religion, religious practices or religious institutions. The term antireligion has also been used to describe opposition to specific forms of supernatural worship or practice, whether organized or not.

Antireligion is distinct from deity-specific positions such as atheism (the lack of belief in deities) and antitheism (an opposition to belief in deities); although "antireligionists" may also be atheists or antitheists. Unlike antitheism, antireligion is also against those religions that do not have deities, such as some sects of Buddhism and Jainism.
Raffaele Nogaro
Raffaele Nogaro (31 December 1933 – 6 January 2026) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate.

Nogaro was born in Gradisca, Sedegliano, on 31 December 1933. On 29 June 1958 he was ordained a priest at Udine Cathedral by Archbishop Giuseppe Zaffonato.

On 25 October 1982, Pope John Paul II appointed him Bishop of Sessa Aurunca; he succeeded Vittorio Maria Costantini, who had resigned due to reacheding the age limit. On 9 January 1983, he received episcopal ordination at the cathedral in Udine from Archbishop Alfredo Battisti, the co-consecrating bishops were Emilio Pizzoni and Vittorio Maria Costantini. On 20 October 1990, he was transferred to the Diocese of Caserta, where he succeeded Archbishop Francesco Cuccarese.

On 25 April 2009, Pope Benedict XVI accepted his resignation, presented upon reaching the age limit, from the pastoral care of the Diocese of Caserta; he was succeeded by Pietro Farina.

Nogaro died on 6 January 2026 at the age of 92.

Sedegliano
Sedegliano (Friulian: Sedean) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Udine.

Sedegliano borders the following municipalities: Codroipo, Coseano, Flaibano, Mereto di Tomba, San Giorgio della Richinvelda, San Martino al Tagliamento, Valvasone.
Shaw, Oregon
Shaw is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Oregon, United States, on Oregon Route 214 near its intersection with Oregon Route 22. It is about 10 miles southeast of Salem, and was annexed into the city of Aumsville.

The Shaw area was settled by pioneer Daniel Waldo in the 1840s.

Shaw was a station in the Waldo Hills between Macleay and Aumsville on the Oregonian Railway (later the Southern Pacific Railroad and today the Willamette Valley Railway). In 1881, the station was named "Waldo Hills". Shaw post office was established in 1887 and named for Angus Shaw, the town's first postmaster. Shaw was from Ontario, Canada and settled in the area 1876. In 1891, the name of the town was changed to "Shaw" after Angus.

In 1915, Shaw had two grain mills; these no longer exist. The post office closed in 1937. As of 2005, Shaw had 18 dwellings, a machine shop, a general store building, a warehouse, and a church.

Oregon Route 22
Oregon Route 22 is an Oregon state highway that runs between the Oregon Coast community of Hebo, to a junction with U.S. Route 20 near Santiam Pass in the Cascade Mountains. OR 22 traverses several highways of the Oregon state highway system, including the Three Rivers Highway No. 32, part of the Salmon River Highway No. 39, the Willamina–Salem Highway No. 30, part of the Salem Highway No. 72, and the North Santiam Highway No. 162.
Colin Rattray
Colin Lewis Rattray OAM (28 December 1931 – 19 February 2009) was an Australian politician. He was an Independent member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council from 1992 to 2004, representing first South Esk and then Apsley.

Rattray was born in Scottsdale, and was elected Mayor of Ringarooma in 1981. In 1992 he was elected to the Legislative Council for South Esk, which he held until that seat was replaced by Apsley in 1999. He remained member for Apsley until 2004, when he retired; he was succeeded by his daughter, Tania Rattray.

Rattray died in February 2009, aged 77.

Scottsdale, Tasmania
Scottsdale is the largest town in north-east Tasmania, Australia, serving as the administrative and economic centre of the Dorset Council region. Located on the Tasman Highway, it connects Launceston to the east coast and acts as a key service hub for surrounding agricultural areas. The town has a strong historical association with potato and dairy farming, forestry, and poppy cultivation, industries that continue to support its economy. In recent years, Scottsdale has expanded into tourism, with attractions such as Barnbougle Dunes Golf Links and the Bridestowe Lavender Estate farm drawing visitors. It is also home to the Defence Science and Technology Group's nutrition research facility.

Scottsdale is part of the federal Division of Bass and the state electoral division of the same name. According to the 2021 Australian census, Scottsdale had a population of 2,408 residents.
Puczniew-Leonów
Puczniew-Leonów [ˈput͡ʂɲɛf lɛˈɔnuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lutomiersk, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Lutomiersk, 27 km (17 mi) north-west of Pabianice, and 28 km (17 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Pabianice County
Pabianice County (Polish: powiat pabianicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pabianice, which lies 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Konstantynów Łódzki, lying 12 km (7 mi) north of Pabianice.

The county covers an area of 490.77 square kilometres (189.5 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 119,008, out of which the population of Pabianice was 70,445, that of Konstantynów Łódzki 17,564, and the rural population was 30,999.
Comedian Marcus
Marcus Fernandes (unknown – 21 February 2020), known professionally as Comedian Marcus, was an Indian comedian, playwright, director, actor, and singer known for his work in Konkani films and tiatr productions. He began his career as a drummer, co-founding the band Key Notes. Fernandes made his debut on the tiatr stage as a child actor in Tem Tujem. He was particularly known for his humorous one-liners and gestures.

Goa Medical College
Goa Medical College (GMC) is a public medical college and hospital located in Goa, India. It is one of the oldest medical colleges in Asia. The medical college is affiliated to the Goa University (GU), being its oldest unit.
José Vicente Matias
José Vicente Matias (born September 24, 1966), also known as Corumbá, is a Brazilian serial killer and former artisan who raped, murdered and then dismembered 6 girls and women between 1999 and 2005. In addition to killing, Matias also practised cannibalism with the remains of his victims, ingesting blood and brain pieces from them.

In his testimonies, 'Corumbá' gave contradictory statements on several occasions. He sometimes mentioned suffering "influences" from the Devil, who whispered in his ear that his mission was to kill seven women, while on other occasions, he cited xenophobia and jokes aimed at his sexual impotence. Before this, he had been arrested by the police for rape and violent assault. He was sentenced to 23 years imprisonment on June 2, 2008.

Xenophobia
Xenophobia (from Ancient Greek  ξένος (xénos) 'strange, foreign, or alien' and  φόβος (phóbos) 'fear') is the fear or dislike of people who are perceived as being foreign or strange. It is an expression that is based on the perception that a conflict exists between an in-group and an out-group and it may manifest itself in suspicion of one group's activities by members of the other group, a desire to eliminate the presence of the group that is the target of suspicion, and fear of losing a national, ethnic, or racial identity.
Condenser (heat transfer)
In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a heat exchanger used to condense a gaseous substance into a liquid state through cooling. In doing so, the latent heat is released by the substance and transferred to the surrounding environment. Condensers are used for efficient heat rejection in many industrial systems. Condensers can be made according to numerous designs and come in many sizes ranging from rather small (hand-held) to very large (industrial-scale units used in plant processes). For example, a refrigerator uses a condenser to get rid of heat extracted from the interior of the unit to the outside air.

Condensers are used in air conditioning, industrial chemical processes such as distillation, steam power plants, and other heat-exchange systems. The use of cooling water or surrounding air as the coolant is common in many condensers.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.