hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Military tribunals in the United States
Military tribunals in the United States are military courts designed to judicially try members of enemy forces during wartime, operating outside the scope of conventional criminal and civil proceedings. The judges are military officers and fulfill the role of jurors. Military tribunals are distinct from courts-martial.

A military tribunal is an inquisitorial system based on charges brought by military authorities, prosecuted by a military authority, judged by military officers, and sentenced by military officers against a member of an enemy army.

The United States has made use of military tribunals or commissions, rather than rely on a court-martial, within the military justice system, during times of declared war or rebellion.

Most recently, as discussed below, the administration of George W. Bush sought to use military tribunals to try "unlawful enemy combatants", mostly individuals captured abroad and held at a prison camp at a military base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba.

Private law
Private law is the part of a legal system that governs interactions between individual persons. It is distinguished from public law, which deals with relationships between both natural and artificial persons (i.e., organizations) and the state, including regulatory statutes, penal law and other law that affects the public order. In general terms, private law involves interactions between private individuals, whereas public law involves interrelations between the state and the general population. In legal systems of the civil law tradition, it is that part of the jus commune that involves relationships between individuals, such as the law of contracts and torts (as it is called in the common law tradition), and the law of obligations (as it is called in the civil law tradition).
2016 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Trophy
The 2016 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Trophy was the second level of international women's rugby sevens competitions organised by Rugby Europe during 2016. The competition featured two tournaments, one hosted in Prague and one hosted in Esztergom. Sweden won both tournaments. Sweden and Poland were promoted to the 2017 Grand Prix series while Norway and Denmark were relegated to the 2017 Conferences.

2017 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Grand Prix Series
The 2017 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Grand Prix Series was the top level of international women's rugby sevens competitions organised by Rugby Europe during 2017. The series featured two tournaments, one hosted in Malemort and one hosted in Kazan. Russia won both tournaments and finished as overall champions. Ireland finished third in both tournaments and finished as the series runners–up.  The series also served as a 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens qualifier and Ireland qualified for the World Cup based on their performances in the series.  Sweden and the Netherlands were relegated to the 2018 Trophy series.
Lady Chatterley's Lover (2015 film)
Lady Chatterley's Lover is a 2015 British historical romantic drama television film starring Holliday Grainger, Richard Madden and James Norton. It is an adaptation by Jed Mercurio of D. H. Lawrence's 1928 novel Lady Chatterley's Lover, and premiered on BBC One on 6 September 2015.

The adaptation is part of a series of four 20th-century literary adaptations by the BBC, including Laurie Lee's Cider With Rosie, L. P. Hartley's The Go-Between and J. B. Priestley's play An Inspector Calls.

Historical romance
Historical romance is a broad category of mass-market fiction focusing on romantic relationships in historical periods, which Byron helped popularize in the early 19th century. The genre often takes the form of the novel.
Western Maori
Western Maori was one of New Zealand's four original parliamentary Māori electorates established in 1868, along with Northern Maori, Eastern Maori and Southern Maori. In 1996, with the introduction of MMP, the Maori electorates were updated, and Western Maori was replaced with the Te Tai Hauāuru and Te Puku O Te Whenua electorates.

Tainui
Tainui is a tribal waka confederation of New Zealand Māori iwi. The Tainui confederation comprises four principal related Māori iwi of the central North Island of New Zealand: Hauraki, Ngāti Maniapoto, Ngāti Raukawa and Waikato.
There are other Tainui iwi whose tribal areas lay outside the traditional Tainui boundaries – Ngāi Tai in the Auckland area, Ngāti Raukawa ki Te Tonga and Ngāti Toa in the Horowhenua, Kāpiti region, and Ngāti Rārua and Ngāti Koata in the northern South Island.
2022 Christus Health Pro Challenge – Doubles
Giuliana Olmos and Marcela Zacarías were the defending champions but Olmos chose not to participate. Zacarías partnered alongside Madison Brengle, but the pair withdrew ahead of their quarterfinal match against Abigail Rencheli and Alana Smith.

Maria Kozyreva and Ashley Lahey won the title, defeating Jaeda Daniel and Nell Miller in the final, 7–5, 6–2.

Abigail Rencheli
Abigail Rencheli (born April 5, 2002) is a  Moldovan-born American tennis player.

She represented Moldova until October 2022, then started playing for the United States.

Rencheli has won 10 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 27 October 2025, she peaked at No. 184 in the doubles rankings by the WTA.

Partnering Alana Smith, Rencheli won her first $60k tournament in July 2023 at Saskatoon, Canada, defeating Stacey Fung and Karman Thandi in the final.

She plays college tennis at North Carolina State.
Kosi Zone
Kosi or Koshi (Nepali: कोसी अञ्चल, Nepali: कोशी अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructure of zones to provinces. The headquarters of Kosi Zone was Biratnagar which was also its largest city. Other cities of Kosi Zone were Inaruwa, Dharan, Dhankuta, Jhumka, Duhabi, Tarahara and Itahari. Its main rivers were Arun, Tamor and Sapta Koshi.

Provinces of Nepal
The Provinces of Nepal, officially the Autonomous Nepalese Provinces (Nepali: स्वायत्त नेपाली प्रदेशहरू, romanized: Nepālkā Swayatta Pradeśharū), were formed on 20 September 2015 in accordance with Schedule 4 of the Constitution of Nepal. The seven provinces were formed by grouping the existing districts. The current system of seven provinces replaced an earlier system where Nepal was divided into 14 administrative zones which were grouped into five development regions.
Scotland national under-19 rugby union team
The Scotland national under-19 rugby union team is one of several junior national rugby union teams behind the Scottish national side. Starting in 2008, the International Rugby Board scrapped its under-21 and under-19 world championships in favour of a single under-20 competition, the IRB Junior World Championship. Scotland accordingly replaced its under-21 and under-19 sides with a new under-20 side.

The Under 19s regularly played until 2010 before being scrapped. The age grade is still very occasionally used by Scotland. In July 2014, the Under 18 boss Eddie Pollock named an Under 19 squad for a double header in August 2014 against Romanian age grades. The Scotland Under 19 side played the Romania Under 19 and Romania Under 20 sides.

2008 IRB Junior World Championship
The 2008 IRB Junior World Championship was the first annual international rugby union competition for Under 20 national teams. All players who were twenty years of age or under on 1 January 2008 were eligible for selection.

This competition replaced the now defunct Under 19 Rugby World Championship and Under 21 Rugby World Championship. The event, organised by rugby's governing body, the International Rugby Board (IRB), was contested by sixteen men's under-20 national teams.

The tournament was held in June and hosted by Wales, at four separate venues, and won by New Zealand.
Laufenburg (Baden) station
Laufenburg (Baden) station (German: Bahnhof Laufenburg (Baden)) is a railway station in the town of Laufenburg (Baden), Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The station lies on the High Rhine Railway, directly next to the river and is opposite the Swiss part of Laufenburg. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn.

Laufenburg, Aargau
Laufenburg (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈlaʊfn̩ˌbʊrɡ] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is the seat of the district of the same name.  On 1 January 2010 the municipality Sulz merged into Laufenburg.

It has approximately 2000 inhabitants. On the other side of the Rhine River lies Laufenburg (Baden), Germany.  The same name is not by accident, as the two used to be the same city. In the early 19th century Napoleon divided the city. Two bridges now link both cities.

In 1985, Laufenburg received the Wakker Prize for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage.
Love + Fury
Love + Fury is the sixth studio album by Canadian rock band, Headstones. It was the band's first album released after their hiatus. At a length of 33 minutes, it is the band's shortest album to date. The album was nominated for "Rock Album of the Year" at the 2014 Juno Awards.

Rock music of Canada
Rock music of Canada is a wide and diverse part of the general music of Canada, beginning with American and British style rock and roll in the mid-20th century.   Since then Canada has had a considerable impact on the development of the modern popular music called rock.  Canada has produced many of the genre's most significant groups and performers, while contributing substantively to the development of the most popular subgenres, which include pop rock, progressive rock, country rock, folk rock, hard rock, punk rock, heavy metal and indie rock.
Democratic Party of Lazio (Italy)
The Democratic Party of Lazio (Italian: Partito Democratico del Lazio, PD Lazio) is one of the regional branches of the Italian Democratic Party (Partito Democratico) the major centre-left party in Italy. The Democratic Party of Lazio's regional secretary is Fabio Melilli elected in February 2014 by regional primary elections.

The Democratic Party of Lazio was founded on October 14, 2007 at the same time of Italian Democratic Party as a merger of various left-wing and centrist parties; its bulk was formed by the Democrats of the Left (heirs of the Italian Communist Party), Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy and Christian leftists, direct heirs of the late Christian Democracy's left.

Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy
Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (Italian: Democrazia è Libertà – La Margherita, DL), commonly known simply as The Daisy (La Margherita), was a centrist political party in Italy. The party was formed from the merger of three parties within the centre-left coalition: the Italian People's Party, The Democrats and Italian Renewal.

The party president and leader was Francesco Rutelli, former mayor of Rome and prime minister candidate during the 2001 general election for The Olive Tree coalition, within which The Daisy electoral list won 14.5% of the national vote. The Daisy became a single party in February 2002. It was set up by former left-leaning Christian Democrats, centrists,  and social-liberals, including former Liberals and Republicans, as well as other left-wing politicians from the former Italian Socialist Party and Federation of the Greens. On 14 October 2007, DL merged with the Democrats of the Left to form the Democratic Party (PD).
2018 Eastern Washington Eagles football team
The 2018 Eastern Washington Eagles football team represented Eastern Washington University in the 2018 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The team was coached by second year head coach Aaron Best. The Eagles played their home games at Roos Field in Cheney, Washington and were a member of the Big Sky Conference.  They finished the season 12–3, 7–1 in Big Sky play to finish in a three-way tie for the Big Sky championship with UC Davis and Weber State. They received an at-large bid to the FCS playoffs, where they defeated Nicholls, UC Davis, and Maine to advance to the National Championship Game, where they lost to North Dakota State.

2018 North Dakota State Bison football team
The 2018 North Dakota State Bison football team represented North Dakota State University in the 2018 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by fifth-year head coach Chris Klieman, who also coached his final season with the Bison before heading off to take over for the retiring Bill Snyder at Kansas State. The team played their 26th season in the Fargodome in Fargo, North Dakota as members of the Missouri Valley Football Conference. They entered the season as defending National Champions and had won six of the last seven FCS titles. In 2018, the Bison finished the regular season 11–0, the first undefeated Bison season since the 2013 campaign, and won their eighth consecutive MVFC title. They received an automatic qualifying bid to the FCS playoff tournament and were seeded as the No. 1 team.  The Bison then went 4–0 in the FCS playoffs to finish 15–0 and FCS champions.
Anthony Mulvey
Anthony Mulvey (1882 – 11 January 1957) was an Irish nationalist politician.

Born in County Leitrim, Mulvey edited the Ulster Herald newspaper before his election to represent Fermanagh and Tyrone for the Nationalist Party in the British House of Commons at the 1935 general election.

Mulvey did not take his seat until 1945, and with Patrick Cunningham, proposed that the Nationalist Party also take an abstentionist policy with regard to the Parliament of Northern Ireland.

Mulvey held his seat at the 1945 general election, and in 1950 after the division of Fermanagh and Tyrone constituency, he was elected for Mid Ulster, one of the successor constituencies. He stood down the following year, and died aged 74 in 1957.

Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland)
The Nationalist Party (Irish: An Páirtí Náisiúnach) was the continuation of the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), and was formed after the partition of Ireland, by the Northern Ireland-based members of the IPP.
Pablo Prigioni
Pablo Prigioni (born 17 May 1977) is an Argentine-Italian professional basketball coach and former player who is an assistant coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played the point guard position, and was a member of the senior Argentina national basketball team that won the bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Prigioni is the oldest rookie in NBA history, making his debut with the New York Knicks in 2012 at 35. Prior to this, he was a two-time All-EuroLeague selection playing in Europe, most notably Spain. He played four seasons in the NBA with the Knicks, Houston Rockets, and Los Angeles Clippers before starting coaching in 2017.

2003 Tournament of the Americas
The 2003 Tournament of the Americas in basketball, later known as the FIBA Americas Championship and the FIBA AmeriCup (also known as Las Americas Tournament for Men, FIBA Americas Olympic Qualifying Tournament, or Panamerican Olympic Qualifying Tournament for Men), was hosted by Puerto Rico, from August 20 to August 31, 2003. The games were played in San Juan, at the Roberto Clemente Coliseum. This FIBA AmeriCup was to earn the three berths allocated to the Americas for the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Greece. The United States won the tournament, the country's fifth AmeriCup championship.
Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos, Zabrđe
The Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos (Serbian: Црква рођења пресвете Богородице, Crkva rođenja presvete Bogorodice) in Zabrđe on Luštica peninsula of the Herceg Novi municipality is a Serbian Orthodox church in Montenegro. The church is a listed protected cultural heritage of Montenegro. It is a part of historical cultural landscape of Zabrđe settlement and Luštica peninsula.  This 18th century church was built at the site of an older church that was in ruined condition at the time of construction of the modern day building.

Luštica
Luštica (Montenegrin: Луштица, pronounced [lûːʃtit͡sa]) is a peninsula on the south Adriatic Sea, located at the entrance of the Bay of Kotor (Serbo-Croatian: Boka kotorska or Boka) in southwestern Montenegro. It effectively separates Tivat Bay from the Adriatic.

The peninsula has an area of 47 km2 and is 13 km long. The highest point of the peninsula is Obosnik peak, at 582 m. It has 35 km of coast, which accounts for 12% of Montenegrin coastline. Lustica is divided between Herceg Novi and Tivat Montenegrin municipalities.
Pablo Visconti
Pablo E. Visconti is an Argentine professor of reproductive biology at the  University of Massachusetts Amherst, whose papers on reproduction were recognized as Papers of the Week by both the Journal of Biological Chemistry and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in October 2013.

Reproductive biology
Reproductive biology includes both sexual and asexual reproduction.

Reproductive biology includes a wide number of fields:

Reproductive systems

Endocrinology

Sexual development (Puberty)

Sexual maturity

Reproduction

Fertility
1852 United States presidential election in Maryland
The 1852 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 2, 1852, as part of the 1852 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.

Maryland voted for the Democratic candidate, Franklin Pierce, over Whig candidate Winfield Scott. Pierce won Maryland by a margin of 6.59%. This was the first presidential election in which Maryland voted Democratic. In addition, in 1851, Baltimore became an independent city, and had its election results calculated separately from Baltimore County for the first time. Also, Howard County voted for president for the first time in its history.

Baltimore County, Maryland
Baltimore County is the third-most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Baltimore County partly surrounds but does not include the independent city of Baltimore. It is part of the Northeast megalopolis, which stretches from Northern Virginia in the south to Boston in the north and includes major American population centers, including New York City and Philadelphia. Major economic sectors in the county include education, government, and health care. As of the 2020 census, the population was 854,535. The county is home to several universities, including Goucher College, Stevenson University, Towson University, and University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
Cuneiform cartilages
In the human larynx, the cuneiform cartilages (from Latin: cuneus 'wedge' + forma 'form'; also known as cartilages of Wrisberg) are two small, elongated pieces of yellow elastic cartilage, placed one on either side, in the aryepiglottic fold.

The cuneiforms are paired cartilages that sit on top of and move with the arytenoids.  They are located above and in front of the corniculate cartilages, and the presence of these two pairs of cartilages result in small bulges on the surface of the mucous membrane, i.e. cuneiform tubercle.
Covered by the aryepiglottic folds, the cuneiforms form the lateral aspect of the laryngeal inlet, while the corniculates form the posterior aspect, and the epiglottis the anterior.

Function of the cuneiform cartilages is to support the vocal folds and lateral aspects of the epiglottis.  They also provide a degree of solidity to the folds in which they are embedded.

Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue known as the lamina propria. It is mostly of endodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at body openings such as the eyes, eyelids, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lips, the genital areas, the urethral opening and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.

Amphibians, fish, snails, slugs, and some other invertebrates also produce external mucus from their epidermis as protection against pathogens, to help in movement, and to line fish gills. Plants produce a similar substance called mucilage that is also produced by some microorganisms.
Texas's 17th Senate district
District 17 of the Texas Senate is a senatorial district that currently serves all of Colorado, Jackson, Matagorda, and Wharton counties, and portions of Brazoria, Fort Bend, Harris, and Waller counties in the U.S. state of Texas.

The current senator from District 17 is Joan Huffman.

Jackson County, Texas
Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census its population was 14,988. Its county seat is Edna. The county was created in 1835 as a municipality in Mexico and in 1836 was organized as a county (of the Republic of Texas). It is named for Andrew Jackson, President of the United States from 1829 to 1837.
Georg Ludwig Spalding
Georg Ludwig Spalding (8 April 1762 – 7 June 1811) was a German philologist born in Barth, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. He was the son of theologian Johann Joachim Spalding (1714–1804).

He studied philology and theology at the Universities of Göttingen and Halle, afterwards taking an extended journey through France, England and the Netherlands. From 1787 onward, he taught classes at Grauen Kloster in Berlin.

Spalding's best written work was an edition of Quintilian's Institutio oratoria, being credited for publishing its first three volumes. Philipp Karl Buttmann (1764–1829) published the fourth volume after Spalding's death, with Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1792–1849) and Eduard Bonnell (1802–1877) continuing the series with edition of Volumes V and VI. Two other noteworthy publications by Spalding are Vindiciae philosophorum megaricorum (1792) and  Midiana des Demosthenes (1794), the latter work being revised in 1823 by Philipp Buttmann.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Tornado outbreak of May 23–24, 1946
On May 23–24, 1946, a tornado outbreak occurred across the Central and Midwestern United States. Over two days at least 15 significant tornadoes struck parts of Kansas, Nebraska and Oklahoma, killing four people and injuring 42 others. The storm system also caused numerous other impacts including hail, heavy rains, and damaging lightning strikes.

Central United States
40°N 98°W﻿ / ﻿40°N 98°W﻿ / 40; -98

The Central United States is sometimes conceived as between the Eastern and Western as part of a three-region model, roughly coincident with the U.S. Census Bureau's definition of the Midwestern United States plus the western and central portions of the U.S. Census's definition of the Southern United States. The Central States are typically considered to consist of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, Mississippi and Alabama.