hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Opium trade in the Yan'an Soviet
Northwestern China had a historical tradition of opium plantation and trade since the Opium Wars, despite continuous government attempts to stop it. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was alleged to have secretly planted and exported opium in their controlled areas during the 1940s. This claim has received limited attention in Chinese academia and research regarding the topic was censored, and was denied by certain Chinese scholars. There has been no official recognition or denial.

According to Taiwanese historian Chen Yung-fa, from 1941 to 1945, around 40% of the financial income of the Communist China was from opium trade, although the CCP strictly banned its consumption within their territory. The plantation and sales of opium, termed the Special Commodity by the CCP, sparked fierce debates within the CCP, with Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Ren Bishi and Li Fuchun supporting it and Lin Boqu, Xie Juezai and Gao Gang strongly against it.

Zhu De
Zhu De (1 December 1886 – 6 July 1976) was a Chinese general, military strategist, politician and revolutionary in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

Zhu was born into poverty and was adopted by a wealthy uncle at age nine and received a superior early education that led to his admission into a military academy. After graduating, he joined a rebel army and became a warlord. Afterward he joined the CCP. He commanded the Eighth Route Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. By the end of the civil war he was also a high-ranking party official.

Zhu is regarded as one of the principal founders of the People's Republic of China, and was a prominent political figure until dying in 1976. In 1955, he was ranked first among the ten marshals. He was chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1959 to 1976.
California Culinary Academy
The California Culinary Academy (CCA) was a for-profit school, and an affiliate of Le Cordon Bleu located in San Francisco, California.  Danielle Carlisle established the school in 1977 to train chefs using the European education model. The original location on the corner of Fremont and Howard Street in the South of Market area of San Francisco, was located in the remodeled, top-floor, cafeteria in the Del Monte headquarters. The academy trained more than 15,000 people for restaurant careers through its 30-week baking and pastry chef program and 16-month culinary arts degree program.  It was purchased by Career Education Corporation in 1999.

James Beard Foundation Award
The James Beard Foundation Awards are annual awards presented by the James Beard Foundation to recognize chefs, restaurateurs, authors and journalists in the United States. The James Beard Foundation Awards have been likened to the Academy Awards of the food world due to its prestige and recognition.

The awards are voted on by more than 600 culinary professionals, including previous award winners. Recipients receive a medallion etched with the image of James Beard and a certificate from the foundation.
Time Lock
Time Lock is a 1957 British thriller film directed by Gerald Thomas and starring Vincent Winter, Lee Patterson and Betty McDowall. It was written by Peter Rogers based on the CBC Television General Motors Theatre play of the same title by Arthur Hailey. It features a young, pre-James Bond Sean Connery. The film follows the attempt to rescue a six-year-old boy who is accidentally locked in a bank vault. The film was released in 1957 on a double bill with Ed Wood's Plan 9 From Outer Space (1957).

General Motors Theatre
General Motors Theatre (also known as CBC Theatre, Encounter, Ford Television Theatre, and General Motors Presents) was a Canadian television anthology drama series of television plays, which ran on CBC Television under various titles from September 18, 1952, until January 1, 1961, and in the US on ABC from October 5 to November 2, 1958. The series mainly consisted of one-hour episodes of romance, adventure, or mystery stories, with some social realist drama plays.
City Centre (Edinburgh ward)
City Centre is one of the seventeen wards used to elect members of the City of Edinburgh Council. Established in 2007 along with the other wards, it elects four Councillors. As its name suggests, the ward's territory is based around a compact area in the centre of Edinburgh, including Calton Hill, the Canongate, Haymarket, Lauriston, the New Town, the Old Town, West Coates and the West End. A minor 2017 boundary change saw the loss of Abbeyhill and the gain of Tollcross and Dumbiedykes, but the overall population rose considerably and one further representative was added. In 2019, the ward had a population of 32,410.

Abbeyhill
Abbeyhill is an area of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland.

Abbeyhill is one of the oldest parts of the city, taking its name from Holyrood Abbey, a major historic religious site. The main east-west thoroughfare through the area is London Road, laid in the 1820s as part of the Calton development of the New Town. This superseded an older road to Haddington which still skirts the north side of the Holyrood Park.

As with many other parts of the city, the area has varying definitions. Generally it may be taken to mean the part of town lying between Holyrood Park (and perhaps The Palace of Holyroodhouse itself) to the south; London Road and adjoining streets to the north; Calton Hill and the yards of Waverley Station to the west; and Meadowbank to the east. It is in the locale of the Scottish Parliament building, contains several old churches and other historic sites, and looks onto the Palace of Holyroodhouse.
Rupert Kinnard
Rupert Kinnard (born 1954) also credited as Prof. I.B. Gittendowne, is an American cartoonist who created the first ongoing gay/lesbian-identified African-American comic-strip characters: the Brown Bomber (a teenage superhero) and Diva Touché Flambé (his ageless lesbian partner). Kinnard is gay and African American.

Cornell College
Cornell College is a private liberal arts college in Mount Vernon, Iowa, United States. Originally the Iowa Conference Seminary (Methodist), the school was founded in 1853 by George Bryant Bowman. Four years later, in 1857, the name was changed to Cornell College, in honor of iron tycoon William Wesley Cornell.
Little Mosque on the Prairie
Little Mosque on the Prairie is a Canadian television sitcom created by Zarqa Nawaz and produced by WestWind Pictures, originally broadcast from 2007 to 2012 on CBC. Filmed in Toronto, Ontario, and Indian Head, Saskatchewan, the series was showcased at the Dawn Breakers International Film Festival.  After the series finale aired in April 2012, Hulu announced it would begin offering the series under the name Little Mosque that summer. The series made its American premiere on Pivot in August 2013.

Television in Canada
Television in Canada officially began with the sign-on of the nation's first television stations in Montreal and Toronto in 1952. As with most media in Canada, the television industry, and the television programming available in that country, are strongly influenced by media in the United States and the United Kingdom, perhaps to an extent not seen in any other major industrialized nation. As a result, the government institutes quotas for "Canadian content". Nonetheless, new content is often aimed at a broader North American audience, although the similarities may be less pronounced in the predominantly French-language province of Quebec.
Madehurst
Madehurst  is a small village and civil parish in the Arun District of West Sussex, England on the south slopes of the South Downs in the South Downs National Park. It is three miles (5 km) north-west of Arundel, to the west of the A29 road. The village of Madehurst is in two well-wooded valleys, listed in park guides.

South Downs National Park
The South Downs National Park is England's newest national park, designated on 31 March 2010. The park, covering an area of 1,627 square kilometres (628 sq mi) in southern England, stretches for 140 kilometres (87 mi) from Winchester in the west to Eastbourne in the east, through the counties of Hampshire, West Sussex and East Sussex. The national park covers the chalk hills of the South Downs (which on the English Channel coast form the white cliffs of the Seven Sisters and Beachy Head) and a substantial part of a separate physiographic region, the western Weald, with its heavily wooded sandstone and clay hills and vales. The South Downs Way spans the entire length of the park and is the only National Trail that lies wholly within a national park.
Foreign support of Uganda in the Uganda–Tanzania War
Foreign support played an important role for Uganda during the Uganda–Tanzania War of 1978–1979. Before this conflict, the Second Republic of Uganda under President Idi Amin had generally strained international relations. Accordingly, only a few states as well as non-state allies provided Uganda with substantial military support during the war, most importantly Libya under Muammar Gaddafi and the Palestine Liberation Organization. The intervention of these two parties was regarded as crucial for Amin's ability to stay in power during the later stages of the war, even though they did not prevent Uganda's eventual defeat. However, there were many claims about other states and groups in Africa, the Arab world, Europe, and Asia covertly supplying Amin with materiel, soldiers, and money, although most of these remain unverifiable.

Second Republic of Uganda
The Second Republic of Uganda existed from 1971 to 1979, when Uganda was ruled by Idi Amin's military dictatorship. Amin's rule formally came to an end with the Uganda-Tanzania War, which ended with Tanzania occupying Uganda and Amin fleeing into exile.

The Ugandan economy was devastated by Idi Amin's policies, including the expulsion of Asians, the nationalisation of businesses and industry, and the expansion of the public sector. The real value of salaries and wages collapsed by 90% in less than a decade. The number of people killed as a result of his regime is unknown; estimates from international observers and human rights groups range from 100,000 to 500,000.
Moshe Kaplinsky
Maj. Gen. Moshe Kaplinsky (Hebrew: משה קפלינסקי; born January 20, 1957) is an Israeli army general and businessman who was CEO of the Israeli subsidiary of Better Place. Most recently, he was Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces. He was previously head of the Israel Defense Forces's Central Command, whose area of responsibility includes the West Bank. As Deputy Chief of the General Staff he was second in command of the Israel Defense Forces.

General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces
The General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces or General Headquarters (Hebrew: המטה הכללי של צה"ל), abbreviated Matkal (מטכ"ל), is the supreme command of the Israel Defense Forces. It is based in the Kirya compound (Rabin Camp) in Tel Aviv.
Inge Larsen
Inge Larsen is a 1923 German silent drama film directed by Hans Steinhoff and starring Henny Porten, Paul Otto and Ressel Orla. It was shot on location in Copenhagen. The film's sets were designed by art directors Alfred Junge, Ludwig Kainer and Fritz Lück.

Alfred Junge
Alfred Junge (29 January 1886, Görlitz, Silesia (now Saxony), Germany – 16 July 1964, Bad Kissingen, West Germany) was a German production designer who spent a large part of his career working in the British film industry.
Thorncliffe
Thorncliffe or Thorncliff is the name of the following places:

In Canada

Thorncliffe, Calgary

Thorncliff, Edmonton

Thorncliff, Ontario

Thorncliffe Park, a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario

In England

Thorncliffe, Staffordshire

Thorncliffe, West Yorkshire

Thorncliffe, Staffordshire
Thorncliffe is a small village in Staffordshire, England, straddling the Staffordshire Moorlands and Peak District National Park.  By 1600 the name Thorncliffe had replaced the settlement's earlier name, Thorntileg, meaning "clearing in thorn trees".  The nearest towns to the village are Leek (2 miles), Buxton (10 miles) and Macclesfield (14 miles).

The village of Thorncliffe has only one pub, the Red Lion Inn, which dates from 1787, when it was called the Reform Inn. The village also has a small Methodist chapel and is the site of Citizen Weather Observer Program station 03330.

Thorncliffe is close to a number of popular tourist attractions. The Roaches, Tittesworth reservoir, Thor’s Cave and Alton Towers are all within a few miles.

The cities of Manchester, Sheffield, Derby and Nottingham are within an hour's commute of the village.
N25 road (Belgium)
The N25 is a national and provincial road in Belgium, connecting Leuven in Flemish Brabant with Nivelles in Walloon Brabant via Wavre and Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve. Portions of it are built to expressway standards between Louvain-la-Neuve and Nivelles.

As part of the Brabant tertiary national roads network, the N25 serves as a vital north–south corridor linking several university and commuter towns. Traffic volumes peaked in 2008–2010, with reporting showing increasing car usage along the N25 corridor.

Wavre
Wavre (French pronunciation: [wavʁ] ⓘ; Walloon: Åve-el-Roman-Payis; Dutch: Waver [ˈʋaːvər] ⓘ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia, and the capital of the province of Walloon Brabant, Belgium.

Wavre is in the Dyle valley.  Most inhabitants speak French as their mother tongue and are called "Wavriens" and "Wavriennes".

The municipality consist of the following sub-municipalities: Bierges, Limal, and Wavre proper.

Wavre is also called "the City of the Maca", referring to the statue of the small boy trying to climb the wall of the city hall.  Tradition holds that touching the Maca's buttocks brings a year of luck.
Even Now Tour
The Even Now Tour (also known as the North American Tour and advertised as Barry Manilow in Concert) is the fourth concert tour by American recording artist Barry Manilow. The tour supports his fifth studio album Even Now (1978). Beginning in the summer of 1978, Manilow performed over 60 shows in North America and, marks the first time the singer performed in Europe.

During this jaunt, Manilow played 15 shows at the Greek Theatre in Los Angeles, California; performing for 72,000 people. Footage of the concerts became the singer's first HBO special, airing in 1979.

Even Now (Barry Manilow album)
Even Now is the fifth studio album by singer-songwriter Barry Manilow. It was recorded at A&M Studios in Hollywood, California, and released in 1978. The album reached triple platinum and spun off four hit singles in 1978 and early 1979: the title song, "Can't Smile Without You", "Copacabana" and "Somewhere in the Night" (which had previously been a hit in 1976 for Helen Reddy). Even Now peaked at No. 3 on the U.S. Billboard 200 album chart on April 8, 1978.

At the 21st Annual Grammy Awards, Even Now was nominated for Album of the Year. The award, however, went to the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack.  Still, Barry Manilow won a Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal for "Copacabana (At the Copa)". This remains Barry Manilow's only Grammy Award despite fifteen (15) other nominations.
Usban
Usban (or osban) (Arabic: عصبان, pronounced [ʕusˤbɑːn]) is a traditional kind of sausage in Algeria, Libya and Tunisia, stuffed with a mixture of rice, herbs, lamb, chopped liver and heart. This dish is usually served alongside the main meal of rice or couscous, often on special occasions.

Several varieties of usban exist, and the herbs and spices used can vary but typically include cayenne pepper, black pepper, turmeric and cinnamon, as well as dried mint, parsley and dill. This is added to spring onion, tomato, vegetable oil and rice. The mixture is stuffed into sheep intestines or commercial sausage casings and then tied off at the ends using thread. The sausages cook for an hour in a pot and are then browned in a frying pan or oven.

Mentha
Mentha, also known as mint (from Greek μίνθα míntha, Linear B mi-ta), is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is estimated that 18 to 24 species exist, but the exact distinction between species is unclear. Hybridization occurs naturally where some species' ranges overlap. Many hybrids and cultivars are known.

The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution, growing best in wet environments and moist soils.
Steve Hall (Canadian football)
Steve Hall (born March 19, 1960) is an Australian former professional Canadian football player who played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Toronto Argonauts, and Ottawa Rough Riders. He previously played at the University of Guelph. After his football career ended, Hall took up bobsledding, competing internationally for Canada's national team for several years.

He is the father of the first overall pick in the 2010 NHL Draft NHL player Taylor Hall 
, who currently plays for the Carolina Hurricanes.

Steve was a bobsled stuntman in the movie Cool Runnings.

Ottawa Rough Riders
The Ottawa Rough Riders were a Canadian Football League team based in Ottawa, Ontario, founded on September 19, 1876. Formerly one of the oldest and longest-lived professional sports teams in North America, the Rough Riders won the Grey Cup championship nine times. Their most dominant era was the 1960s and 1970s,  in which they won five Grey Cups. The team's fortunes waned in the 1980s and 1990s, and they ultimately ceased operations following the 1996 season. Five years later, a new CFL team known as the Ottawa Renegades was founded, though they suspended operations in 2006. The Ottawa Redblacks, which own the Rough Riders and Renegades intellectual properties, joined the league in 2014.
Northup
Northup is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amos Northup (1889–1937), American automotive designer

Anne Northup (born 1948), American politician

Diana Northup, American biologist

James M. Northup (1820–1899), New York politician

Jeremiah Northup (1816–1879), Canadian merchant, shipowner, and politician

Jeremiah Northup (Nova Scotia politician) (died 1809), Nova Scotia politician

Harry Northup (born 1940), American actor and poet

Nancy Northup (born 1960), American political activist

Nate Northup (born 1981), American soccer player

Oliver Northup (1925–2013), American murder victim

Solomon Northup (1808–1863), American farmer, violinist and author

Stephen Northup (circa 1630–after 1687), early settler of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

Willard C. Northup (1882–1942), American architect

Amos Northup
Amos Earl Northup (October 23, 1889 – February 8, 1937) was an American automotive designer.  Regarded as a leader in the field in the United States by the late 1920s, Northup worked for the Wills Sainte Claire, Murray Corporation of America, Hupmobile, American Austin,  REO, Willys-Overland, Willys-Knight, and Graham-Paige automakers during his career.  His design for the 1932 Graham Bluestreak included a number of revolutionary features in automotive design.
Shirvan steppe
The Shirvan steppe (Azerbaijani: Şirvan düzü) is part of the Kura-Aras Lowland of Azerbaijan and is located on the left bank of the Kura River.

The elevation of the steppe ranges between 16 m (52 ft) and 100 m (330 ft). The steppe has grey desert soil. Its vegetation is halophytic and wormwood, with estuary meadows. The Upper Shirvan water channel was directed from the Mingachevir Reservoir in order to irrigate the land. Animal husbandry (in winter pastures) and horticulture (cotton, crops, and grape) are the main agriculture in the steppe.

Mingachevir reservoir
The Mingachevir Reservoir (Azerbaijani: Mingəçevir su anbarı) (also known as the Mingachevir Sea (Azerbaijani: Mingəçevir dənizi)) is a large reservoir on the Kura river in northwestern Azerbaijan. It supplies water to the Upper Karabakh and Upper Shirvan channels, and is used for electricity generation, irrigation water supply, and  fishing.
Bujumbura Rural Province
Bujumbura Rural Province was one of the provinces of Burundi. It surrounded the former national capital Bujumbura and its provincial capital was Isale. In 2025, the province was merged into the new Bujumbura Province.

Bujumbura
Bujumbura (French pronunciation: [buʒumbuʁa]; Kirundi pronunciation: [buʒuᵐbuɾa]), formerly Usumbura, is the economic capital, former political capital, largest city and main port of Burundi. It ships most of the country's chief export, coffee, as well as cotton and tin ore. Bujumbura was formerly the country's political capital. In late December 2018, Burundian president Pierre Nkurunziza announced that he would follow through on a 2007 promise to return Gitega its former political capital status, with Bujumbura remaining as economical capital and center of commerce. A vote in the Parliament of Burundi made the change official on 16 January 2019, and as of late 2025, the transition is still ongoing, having estimated to end in 2022.
Frognerseteren
Frognerseteren is a neighborhood of Oslo, Norway, located within Nordmarka. It is a popular starting point for recreational hiking and skiing in Oslo. Frognerseteren Station is the terminal station of the Holmenkollen Line of the Oslo Metro.  Frognerseteren Restaurant (59°58′39″N 10°40′39″E﻿ / ﻿59.9776°N 10.6776°E﻿ / 59.9776; 10.6776) and conference facilities  is one of the best examples of architectural style Dragestil in Oslo.

Frognerseteren means the seter ("mountain dairy farm", roughly comparable to shieling) of Frogner (Manor). Frognerseteren with parts of the Nordmarka forest (Frognerseterskogen) was part of Frogner Manor until 1848, when the owner Jacob Benjamin Wegner sold the rest of the estate but kept Frognerseteren. Wegner's heirs sold Frognerseteren to Thomas Johannessen Heftye in 1864, and Heftye's heirs sold Frognerseteren to Christiania municipality in 1889.

The restaurant menu is based on traditional Norwegian cuisine.

Frognerseteren station
Frognerseteren is the end station of the Holmenkollen Line of the Oslo Metro, located in the Marka section of Oslo, the capital city of Norway. It is the northernmost station in Oslo Metro, and is the station after Voksenkollen. The line to Frognerseteren was completed on 16 May 1916. The station has two platforms which, like other stations on the Holmenkollen Line, only accommodate two-car trains. The elevation of the station is 469 meters (1,539 ft) above sea level, the highest of all the stations in Oslo. The elevation difference between this station and the lowest in Oslo Metro (Stortinget), 478 meters (1,568 ft), is the highest elevation difference within a metro network in the world.

The area around Frognerseteren has very little population, but is popular for recreation, with a restaurant and hiking trails or, during the winter, skiing. Tryvannstårnet is also within walking distance although Voksenkollen station is slightly closer.
2009 Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation election
The 2009 Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation election was conducted on 23 November 2009 to elect members to all 150 wards of the municipal corporation. These were the first elections since to the GHMC since its creation in 2007. About 43% of the 57 lakh (5.7 million) voters cast their vote in the polls. The Indian National Congress and the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen formed the government in a post-poll agreement. Banda Karthika Reddy, corporator from Tarnaka became the mayor from the Congress Party and Toli Chowki corporator Jaffer Hussain became deputy mayor from AIMIM.

Banda Karthika Reddy
Banda Karthika Reddy (born 17 August 1977) is an Indian politician and former Mayor of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), Telangana, India. She was the first mayor of GHMC, elected in 2009 and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.