hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bruce Wagner
Bruce Alan Wagner (born March 22, 1954) is an American novelist and screenwriter based in Los Angeles. He is known for his apocalyptic yet ultimately spiritual view of humanity as seen through the lens of Hollywood.

Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills
Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills is a 1989 American black comedy film co-written and directed by Paul Bartel. The film re-unites Bartel with his Eating Raoul co-stars Mary Woronov and Robert Beltran. It also stars Jacqueline Bisset, Ray Sharkey, Ed Begley Jr., Wallace Shawn, Paul Mazursky, and Rebecca Schaeffer in her final film during her lifetime. Schaeffer's appearance in the film served as the catalyst for her murder one month after its release.

The film deals with a widowed television actress, her circle of friends, and her employees. Her planned comeback is sabotaged, when the people around her start bragging to a reporter about their sexual indiscretions. The actress soon starts a romantic relationship with a playwright, while rejecting jealous protests by her husband's ghost.
Nonimaging optics
Nonimaging optics (also called anidolic optics) is a branch of optics that is concerned with the optimal transfer of light radiation between a source and a target. Unlike traditional imaging optics, the techniques involved do not attempt to form an image of the source; instead an optimized optical system for optimal radiative transfer from a source to a target is desired.

Optical axis
An optical axis is an imaginary line that passes through the geometrical center of an optical system such as a camera lens, microscope or telescopic sight. Lens elements often have  rotational symmetry about the axis.

The optical axis defines the path along which light propagates through the system, up to first approximation. For a system composed of simple lenses and mirrors, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry. The optical axis is often coincident with the system's mechanical axis, but not always, as in the case of off-axis optical systems.

For an optical fiber, the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core, and is also known as the fiber axis.
Intent marketing
Intent marketing is about marketing a product or a service based on consumers' intent to adopt, purchase or consume that particular service which the subscriber may have explicitly or implicitly conveyed.

Marketing to consumers' intent is expected to produce better ROI because of the absence of the need to create awareness about a product or service in the consumer's mind before promoting it. Consumer's intent for consuming a product or service may either be predicted based on behavioral data or captured explicitly when the subscriber tries to purchase a product and the transaction has been aborted for some reason.

Search engine optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving the visibility and performance of websites and web pages in search engine results pages (SERPs). It focuses on increasing the quantity and quality of traffic from unpaid (organic) search results rather than paid advertising. SEO applies to multiple search formats, including web, image, video, news, academic, and vertical search engines, as well as AI-assisted search interfaces.

SEO is commonly used as part of a broader digital marketing strategy and involves optimizing technical infrastructure, content relevance, and authority signals to improve rankings for user queries. The objective of SEO is to attract users who are actively searching for information, products, or services, thereby supporting brand visibility, user engagement, and conversions.
Radnorshire Challenge Cup
The Radnorshire Challenge Cup  is a football knockout tournament competed for by clubs either based within the Mid-Wales county boundary of Radnorshire or have a team in membership of the Mid Wales South League.

Aberystwyth Town F.C.
Aberystwyth Town Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Pêl-Droed Tref Aberystwyth) is a Welsh football club, relegated to the Cymru South for the 2025–26 season.

The club was founded in 1884, and plays at Park Avenue, Aberystwyth, where their ground accommodates 5,000 spectators with 1,000 of that capacity seated. The club was one of the founding members of the Cymru Premier.

The club's youth team, Aberystwyth Town Under 19s, currently play in the Welsh Premier Development League – South, whilst the Women's team play in the Genero Adran Premier. The club has an academy, which has produced many players that have played for the first team and some that have gone on to play at higher levels.
Ashdon Meadows
Ashdon Meadows is a 1.5-hectare (3.7-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Ashdon in Essex.

The site is unimproved grassland which is used for hay growing, with some areas calcareous and others neutral. It is the only known example of grassland on chalky boulder clay in north-west Essex. Flora includes salad burnet, downy oat-grass and fen bedstraw.

There is access from the footpath between Water End and Plumtree Grove.

Avenula
Avenula is a genus of Eurasian flowering plants in the grass family. Over 100 names have been proposed for species, subspecies, varieties, and other infraspecific taxa within Avenula, but only one species is accepted. The others names are all regarded as synonyms of other accepted names. The only recognized species in the genus is Avenula pubescens, commonly known as downy oat-grass or downy alpine oatgrass, native to Europe and Asia from Iceland and Portugal to Xinjiang, Mongolia, and Siberia. It is also naturalized in scattered locations in North America, in states as Connecticut, Delaware, Minnesota, New Jersey and Vermont, and in Canadian provinces such as Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and Saskatchewan.

Other genera containing species once included in Avenula: Helictochloa, Helictotrichon and Tricholemma.
Zoya Parfyonova
Zoya Ivanovna Akimova  née Parfyonova (Russian: Зоя Ивановна Парфёнова; 21 June 1920 – 7 April 1993) was a senior lieutenant and deputy squadron commander in the 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment during World War II. For completing 815 sorties during the war, she was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 18 August 1945, making her the only woman from Chuvashia to receive the title.

Chuvashia
Chuvashia, officially known as Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuvash people. The republic's capital city is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619.
The Sound of Johnny Cash
The Sound of Johnny Cash is the eighth studio album by American singer-songwriter Johnny Cash, released on June 4, 1962. Among other songs, it contains "In the Jailhouse Now", a Jimmie Rodgers cover which reached #8 on the Country charts, and "Delia's Gone", which Cash would re-record years later, on American Recordings, in 1994. Cash would also go on to record a significantly slower, more ballad-like version of "I'm Free from the Chain Gang Now", which was ultimately released in 2006 on American V: A Hundred Highways as the last track on the album.

During the recording sessions for the album, Cash rerecorded his Sun Records hits "Folsom Prison Blues", "Hey, Porter" and "I Walk the Line", but none of these versions were ultimately used on the album and sat unreleased until the 1990s.

Hey, Porter
"Hey, Porter" is a song by Johnny Cash. It was recorded on September 1, 1954, and released as a single in May the following year. It tells the story of a train journey home to Tennessee, from the point of view of an excited passenger who continually asks the porter for updates.
Great Fire of 1852
The Great Fire of 1852 was a fire in Montreal that began on July 8, 1852, and left as many as 10,000 people homeless (at a time when the city's population was only 57,000) and destroyed almost half of the city's housing. The fire occurred at a time when the city's recently constructed reservoir, located at the site of today's Saint-Louis Square, was drained and closed for repairs. The first fire broke out at a tavern on St. Lawrence Boulevard and spread quickly, fanned by strong winds and hot, dry summer weather.

The fire that started on St. Lawrence originated from a wooden house, as was typical at the time. It spread from there to the block in between Saint Denis Street and Craig Street (now Saint Antoine Street). The flames engulfed the Saint-Jacques Cathedral, the hospital on Dorchester Street and the Theatre Royal. Within hours, one quarter of Montreal was destroyed.

Saint Laurent Boulevard
Saint Laurent Boulevard, also known as Saint Lawrence Boulevard (officially in French: boulevard Saint-Laurent), is a major street in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. A commercial artery and cultural heritage site, the street runs north west–south east through the near-centre of city and is nicknamed The Main (French: La Main), which is the abbreviation for "Main Street".
2019 International Darts Open
The 2019 International Darts Open was the twelfth of thirteen PDC European Tour events on the 2019 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at the SACHSENarena, Riesa, Germany, from 13–15 September 2019. It featured a field of 48 players and £140,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner.

Gerwyn Price was the defending champion after defeating Simon Whitlock 8–3 in the previous year's final, and he successfully defended his title, by defeating Rob Cross 8–6 in the final. It was his second Euro Tour title, while Cross failed to get over the line in his fourth consecutive European final.

Simon Whitlock
Simon Whitlock (born 3 March 1969) is an Australian professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, having previously competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) and World Seniors Darts (WSD) events.

Nicknamed "the Wizard", he won the 2012 European Championship and the 2022 World Cup of Darts for Australia, partnering Damon Heta. Whitlock is also a two-time World Championship finalist, having been the runner-up at the BDO World Darts Championship in 2008, and the PDC World Darts Championship in 2010. He has won a total of 18 PDC titles and 31 Dartsplayers Australia (DPA) titles. In 2025, he became the inaugural ANZ Premier League champion.
HD 88133
HD 88133 is a yellow star with an orbiting exoplanet in the equatorial constellation of Leo. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 8.01, which is too faint to be visible to the naked eye. With a small telescope it should be easily visible. The distance to this system, as measured through parallax, is 240 light years, but it is slowly drifting closer with a radial velocity of −3.6 km/s.

This is classified as an ordinary G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G8V. However, D. A. Fischer and associates in 2005 listed a class of G5 IV, suggesting it is instead a subgiant star that is evolving away from the main sequence having exhausted the hydrogen at its core. It is about 5 billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 4.9 km/s. The star has 23% more mass than the Sun and has double the Sun's girth. It is radiating over three times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,414 K.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Ernst Schröder (mathematician)
Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Ernst Schröder (German: [ˈʃʁøːdɐ]; 25 November 1841 – 16 June 1902) was a German mathematician mainly known for his work on algebraic logic. He is a major figure in the history of mathematical logic, by virtue of summarizing and extending the work of George Boole, Augustus De Morgan, Hugh MacColl, and especially Charles Peirce. He is best known for his monumental Vorlesungen über die Algebra der Logik (Lectures on the Algebra of Logic, 1890–1905), in three volumes, which prepared the way for the emergence of mathematical logic as a separate discipline in the twentieth century by systematizing the various systems of formal logic of the day.

C. I. Lewis
Clarence Irving Lewis (April 12, 1883 – February 3, 1964) was an American academic philosopher. He is considered the progenitor of modern modal logic and the founder of conceptual pragmatism. First a noted logician, he later branched into epistemology, and during the last 20 years of his life, he wrote much on ethics.  The New York Times memorialized him as "a leading authority on symbolic logic and on the philosophic concepts of knowledge and value." He coined the term "Qualia" as used in philosophy, linguistics, and cognitive sciences.
Dhatal
Dhatal    is a village development committee in Dadeldhura District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3571 people living in 612 individual households.

Mahakali Zone
Mahakali (Nepali: महाकाली अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones located in the Far-Western Development Region of Nepal, covering an area of 7449.28 km2 in the westernmost part of the country. It stretches along Nepal's far western border with India, marked by the Kali River or Mahakali River.

In 2015 Nepal discontinued use of zone designations in favor of provinces. The zone formerly known as Mahakali is now part of Sudurpashchim Province.

Mahakali's headquarters is Bhimdatta (formerly called Mahendranagar) in Kanchanpur District. The zone covers the Himalayan range including Api Peak in the North, Hill valleys, Inner Terai valleys such as Patan Municipality in Baitadi District in the center and the outer Terai in the South. The name of this zone is derived from the Kali River.
Troglocyclocheilus
Troglocyclocheilus is a monospecific genus of freshwater, troglobitic ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the carps, barbs and allied fishes. The only species in the genus Troglocyclocheilus khammouanensis which is known only from a single specimen, the holotype, collected from the resurgence of the Nam Don, near the village of Ban Phondou, Thakhek District in the Khammouane province of Laos at 17°33'50"N, 104°52'20"E.

Khammouane province
Khammouane province (Khammouan) (Lao: ຄໍາມ່ວນ, pronounced [kʰám mūan]) is a province in southern Laos. Its capital is Thakhek. Khammouane province covers an area of 16,315 square kilometres (6,299 sq mi), most of which is forested mountainous terrain. The forests of the Nakai-Nam Theun National Park contains streams that feed Mekong tributaries and form the catchment area for Nam Theun 2, the largest hydropower project in Laos. The Xe Bang Fai River, Nam Hinboun River, and the Nam Theun are some of the rivers of the province.

Part of the aborted Thakhek-Tan Ap railway would have crossed the province to connect with the North-South Railway at Tân Ấp Railway Station, Quảng Bình province, Vietnam through Mụ Giạ Pass. Khammouane's human development index is 0.602 which is less than the Laos average of 0.620.
Smallburgh Fen
Smallburgh Fen is a 7.6-hectare (19-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Smallburgh in Norfolk, United Kingdom. It is part of the Broadland Ramsar site and Special Protection Area, and The Broads Special Area of Conservation. It is also a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade 2.

This spring-fed fen site is in the valley of a tributary of the River Ant. The diverse flora includes several rare species, including the only known locality in the county for the moss Bracthythecium mildeanum. There is also an area of alder carr.

There is access to the site by a short track from Union Street.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
Richard Cooper (journalist)
Richard (Dick) Cooper, (born December 8, 1946) is an American journalist retired from a 28-year career as reporter and editor at The Philadelphia Inquirer. After attending Grand Rapids Community College and graduating from Michigan State University in 1969, Cooper joined the Rochester Times-Union; there, he and John Machacek won the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for Local General or Spot News Reporting for their coverage of the Attica Prison Riots. He currently lives in Saint Michaels, Maryland, where he founded Cooper Media Associates and writes for the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum and other clients.

Cooper is an avid sailor and has owned several boats over the years.  Currently, he sails Tusitala, a Hinckley Bermuda 40 yawl with a flag-blue hull, out of Saint Michaels, Maryland.

Saint Michaels, Maryland
Saint Michaels, also known as St. Michaels, is a town in Talbot County, Maryland, United States. The population was 1,094 at the 2023 World Population Review. Growing at a rate of 1.3% annually, its population hit a peak with the 2020 Census reporting a 3.99% increase. Saint Michaels derives its name from the Episcopal parish — itself named after Michael the Archangel — established there in 1677. The church attracted settlers who engaged in tobacco growing and ship-building, and thence further development.
1988–89 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
The 1988–89 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio season was the 4th season since its establishment. It was contested by 10 teams, and S.P. Domagnano won the championship defeating S.P. La Fiorita 2-1 in the finals.

SP Cailungo
S.P. Cailungo is a Sanmarinese football club, based in Cailungo, a civil parish of Borgo Maggiore. The club was founded in 1974. Cailungo currently plays in Girone A of Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio. The team's colors are red and green.
Corynebacterium renale
Corynebacterium renale is a pathogenic bacterium that causes cystitis and pyelonephritis in cattle.

C. renale is a facultatively anaerobic Gram-positive organism, characterized by nonencapsulated, nonsporulated, immobile, straight or curved rods with a length of 1 to 8 μm and width of 0.3 to 0.8 μm, which forms ramified aggregations in culture (looking like "Chinese characters").

The bacterium is sensitive to the majority of antibiotics, such as penicillins, ampicillin, cephalosporins, quinolones, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, cefuroxime, and trimethoprim.

Due to similarities in diagnostic testing procedures Corynebacterium cystiditis may be misdiagnosed as Corynebacterium renale in beef cattle.

Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of bladder infections. Other uses include for middle ear infections and travellers' diarrhoea. With sulfamethoxazole or dapsone it may be used for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS. It is taken orally (swallowed by mouth).

Common side effects include nausea, changes in taste, and rash. Rarely it may result in blood problems such as not enough platelets or white blood cells. Trimethoprim may cause sun sensitivity. There is evidence of potential harm during pregnancy in some animals but not humans. It works by blocking folate metabolism via dihydrofolate reductase in some bacteria, preventing creation of bacterial DNA and RNA and leading to bacterial cell death.

Trimethoprim was first used in 1962. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.
Kırklareli gas power plant
Kirklareli gas power plant is an 850 MW (originally to be 890MW) gas-fired power station in Kırklareli in north-western Turkey, under construction by ENKA. It is not to be confused with the much older and smaller plant owned by Alarko. It is due to be completed in late 2025.

Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.
ENKA İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. (stylized as ENKA) is a Turkish engineering and construction company based in Istanbul. ENKA provides construction and engineering services through its subsidiaries in approximately 30 countries across the world. As of 2023, ENKA was listed third among the largest construction companies in Turkey.  As of 2025, the number of countries in which ENKA had delivered projects increased to nearly 60, and the company ranked first among the largest Turkish construction companies.
11th Brigade (Australia)
The 11th Brigade is an Australian Army brigade which currently comprises most Australian Army Reserve units located in Queensland. The brigade was first formed in early 1912 following the introduction of the compulsory training scheme. Later, as part of the 3rd Division and saw action during World War I on the Western Front as part of the First Australian Imperial Force. In the interwar years, the brigade was re-raised with its headquarters in Brisbane.

During World War II, it undertook garrison and defensive duties in north Queensland before deploying to Dutch New Guinea in 1943. In 1944–1945, the brigade took part in the fighting against the Japanese on Bougainville. In the postwar era, the 11th Brigade was raised and disbanded several times, before being raised in Townsville in 1987, where its headquarters is currently located. It forms part of the 2nd Division, and consists of units based across Queensland and New South Wales.

2nd Military District (Australia)
33°53′09″S 151°13′23″E﻿ / ﻿33.8859°S 151.2231°E﻿ / -33.8859; 151.2231

The 2nd Military District was an administrative district of the Australian Army that covered most of New South Wales, with its headquarters in Sydney. The southern border with the 3rd Military District was the Murrumbidgee River rather than the Murray River, and the western part of the state around Broken Hill was part of the 4th Military District.

In March 1939 a regional command structure was adopted, with 2nd Military District becoming Eastern Command and the 5th Military District was redesignated Western Command, while the 1st Military District in Queensland became Northern Command, and the three southern districts, the 3rd, 4th and 6th Military Districts in Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania, were amalgamated into Southern Command. This required legislative changes to the Defence Act (1903), and did not come into effect until October 1939.
Karen Joy Fowler
Karen Joy Fowler is an American author of science fiction, fantasy, and literary fiction. Her work often centers on the nineteenth century, the lives of women, and social alienation.

She is best known as the author of the best-selling novel The Jane Austen Book Club (2004) that was adapted into a movie of the same name.

G. P. Putnam's Sons
G. P. Putnam's Sons is an American book publisher based in New York City, New York. The publisher was founded in 1838 and features books by authors such as Renée Ahdieh, C. J. Box, Edgar Allan Poe, and many others. Since 1996, it has been an imprint of the Penguin Group.