hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buhrman
Buhrman or Bührman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bert Buhrman (died 1999), American organist

Frits Bührman (1904–1930), Dutch athlete

Harry Buhrman (born 1966), Dutch computer scientist

Henry G. Buhrman (1844–1906), Union Army soldier

Upton Buhrman (1818–1895), American politician from Maryland

Harry Buhrman
Harry Buhrman (born 1966) is a Dutch computer scientist, currently Chief Scientist Quantum Algorithms & Innovation at Quantinuum. He previously was Professor of algorithms, complexity theory, and quantum computing at the University of Amsterdam (UvA), group leader of the Quantum Computing Group at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), and executive director of QuSoft, the Dutch research center for quantum software.

Buhrman research interests are on Quantum Computing, Quantum Information, Quantum Cryptography, Computational complexity theory, Kolmogorov Complexity, and Computational Biology.

Buhrman contributed substantially to the quantum analogue of Communication complexity, exhibiting an advantage of the use of qubits in distributed information-processing tasks. Although quantum entanglement cannot be used to replace communication, can be used to reduce the communication exponentially.

Buhrman was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2020.
Southern Ridge and Valley/Cumberland dry calcareous forest
The Southern Ridge and Valley / Cumberland dry calcareous forest is a forest system found in Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia.

These forests occur on dry to dry–mesic calcareous habitats of the southern Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians and on low escarpments of the Cumberland Plateau. They often grow on deep soils and can be found on many landscapes within their range.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Casetta
Casetta is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Castelnuovo Berardenga, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 396.

Casetta is about 10 km from Siena and 11 km from Castelnuovo Berardenga.

Castelnuovo Berardenga
43°20′50.65″N 11°30′15.85″E﻿ / ﻿43.3474028°N 11.5044028°E﻿ / 43.3474028; 11.5044028

Castelnuovo Berardenga is a comune (municipality) in the province of Siena in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Florence and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Siena. Since 1932 it has been included in the Chianti wine-production area.

The Battle of Montaperti between Guelphs and Ghibellines was fought nearby on 4 September 1260.

The territory of Castelnuovo Berardenga borders that of the comuni of Asciano, Bucine, Castellina in Chianti, Gaiole in Chianti, Monteriggioni, Radda in Chianti, Rapolano Terme and Siena.
Wilhem de Haan
Wilhem de Haan (7 February 1801 in Amsterdam – 15 April 1855 in Leiden) was a Dutch zoologist. He specialised in the study of insects and crustaceans, including aquatic arthropods, and was the first keeper of invertebrates at the Rijksmuseum in Leiden, now Naturalis. He was forced to retire in 1846, when he was partially paralysed by a spinal disease. He was responsible for the invertebrate volume of Siebold's Fauna Japonica, which was published in 1833, and introduced the western world for the first time to Japanese wildlife. He named a great many new taxa, and several taxa are named in his honour.

He published significant work on both mantids and phasmids (1842).

Paralysis
Paralysis (pl.: paralyses; also known as plegia) is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles. Paralysis can also be accompanied by a loss of feeling (sensory loss) in the affected area if there is sensory damage. In the United States, roughly 1 in 50 people have been diagnosed with some form of permanent or transient paralysis. The word "paralysis" derives from the Greek παράλυσις, meaning "disabling of the nerves" from παρά (para) meaning "beside, by" and λύσις (lysis) meaning "making loose". A paralysis accompanied by involuntary tremors is usually called "palsy".
Tong Chup massacre
The Tong Chup massacre (Vietnamese: Thảm sát Tổng Chúp) was a war crime committed by the People's Liberation Army of China during the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979. The incident happened in Tong Chup village, Hung Dao commune, Cao Bằng city. From February 17, 1979, the Chinese Liberation Army simultaneously attacked Vietnam along the northern border between the two countries.

Since the Sino-Vietnamese border region was inaccessible to foreign correspondents during the war, Vietnamese claims was never independently verified, and the incident was largely unknown outside Vietnam. Similarly, the death toll of the massacre is unverifiable. Associated Press journalists visiting Tong Chup in 1987 cited Vietnamese officials that the number of deaths was higher than the 504 killed in the Mỹ Lai massacre according to Vietnamese statistics.

China–Vietnam border
The China–Vietnam border is the international boundary between China and Vietnam, consisting of a 1,297 km (806 mi) terrestrial border stretching from the tripoint with Laos in the west to the Gulf of Tonkin coast in the east, and a maritime border in the Gulf of Tonkin and South China Sea.

While disputes over the terrestrial border have been settled with the signing of a land boundary treaty between the two countries, the maritime border is currently undefined due to disputes over the ownership of territorial waters and islands, including the Spratly and Paracel Islands.
Paul O'Sullivan (actor)
Paul O'Sullivan (April 4, 1964 – May 18, 2012) was a Canadian comedy actor.

Originally associated with The Second City's Toronto troupe, O'Sullivan acted both on stage and in television shows such as George Shrinks, Friends and Heroes, Grossology and Getting Along Famously, as well as in guest roles on The Red Green Show, Murdoch Mysteries, Dan for Mayor and Little Mosque on the Prairie. He previously taught for Humber College's Comedy Writing and Performance program in Toronto, Canada.

Humber Polytechnic
The Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, rebranded as Humber Polytechnic since 2024, is a public college in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1967, Humber has three main campuses and locations – the Humber North campus, the Lakeshore campus, and the International Graduate School. Today, Humber boasts over 200 programs, 86,000 full time students and 9,300 international students.
OpenConnect
Free and open-source software portal

OpenConnect is a free and open-source cross-platform multi-protocol virtual private network (VPN) client software which implement secure point-to-point connections.

The OpenConnect client supports the following VPN protocols:

Cisco AnyConnect

Juniper Secure Connect (since 7.05)

Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect (since 8.00)

Ivanti/Pulse Connect Secure (since 8.04)

F5 BIG-IP and

Fortinet FortiGate and

Array Networks AG SSL VPN (since 8.20)

It was originally written as an open-source replacement for Cisco's proprietary AnyConnect SSL VPN client, which is supported by several Cisco routers.

As of July 2023, support for several other proprietary VPN protocols is desired or in development:

SonicWall NetExtender VPN support

Check Point SNX VPN support

H3C VPN support

Barracuda CloudGen Firewall VPN support

Huawei VPN support

Check Point
Check Point Software Technologies is an Israeli cybersecurity company with operations in over 60 countries. Its headquarters are located in Tel Aviv, Israel, and the company maintains a significant presence in Redwood City, California, United States. The company protects over 100,000 organizations globally and is home to the Check Point Research team. It is a partner organization of the World Economic Forum.
Urkulu
Urkulu (1,419 m)  is a mountain in the Basque Country straddling the border between France and Spain. The summit is located in the western Pyrenees, within walking distance from Roncevaux and close to the so-called French Way of St James, which crosses the mountain range at the historic Roncevaux Pass.

Roncevaux Pass
Roncesvalles Pass, Ronceval Pass or Roncevaux Pass (Spanish: Puerto de Ibañeta; Basque: Ibañetako Mendatea; French: Col de Roncevaux; Occitan: Puerto de Roncesvalles; elevation 1057 m) is a high mountain pass in the Pyrenees near the border between France and Spain. The pass itself is entirely in Spain.
Lordsburg-Hidalgo County Library
The Lordsburg-Hidalgo County Library is a public library located at 208 E. Third St. in Lordsburg, New Mexico. The Lordsburg Women's Club established Lordsburg's library in 1919; it originally operated out of spaces in other public buildings and houses. The Works Progress Administration built a permanent building for the library in 1936–37. The library building has a Pueblo Revival design with adobe walls and vigas supporting the roof. A New Deal-commissioned oil painting titled Landscape in Talpa, which was given to the library upon its opening, decorates the inside. The library currently has over 20,000 volumes and is one of two county-funded libraries in New Mexico.

The library was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 4, 2004.

Lordsburg, New Mexico
Lordsburg is a city in and the county seat of Hidalgo County, New Mexico, United States. Hidalgo County includes the southern "bootheel" of New Mexico, along the Arizona border. The population was 2,335 at the 2020 census.
Château de Bellevue
The Château de Bellevue (French: [ʃɑto d(ə) bɛlvy]; "Castle of Bellevue") was a small château built for Madame de Pompadour in 1750.  It was constructed on a broad plateau in Meudon, above a slope overlooking the Seine to the east, but was demolished in 1823 and little remains.

Ange-Jacques Gabriel
Ange-Jacques Gabriel (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʒ ʒak ɡabʁijɛl]; 23 October 1698 – 4 January 1782) was the principal architect of King Louis XV.  His major works included the Place de la Concorde, the École Militaire, and the Petit Trianon and opera theater at the Palace of Versailles. His style was a careful balance between French Baroque architecture and French neoclassicism.
Tennis at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles
China's Li Ting and Sun Tiantian defeated Spain's Conchita Martínez and Virginia Ruano Pascual in the final, 6–3, 6–3 to win the gold medal in Women's Doubles tennis at the 2004 Summer Olympics. In the bronze medal match, Argentina's Paola Suárez and Patricia Tarabini defeated Japan's Shinobu Asagoe and Ai Sugiyama, 6–3, 6–3.

The tournament was held at the Olympic Tennis Centre in Athens, Greece. 64 competitors (32 teams) from 22 countries participated.

Serena Williams and Venus Williams were the reigning gold medalists, but Serena chose not to participate. Venus partnered with Chanda Rubin for the United States, but the pair lost in the first round to future winners Li and Sun.

Chanda Rubin
Chanda Rubin (born February 18, 1976) is an American former top-10 professional tennis player. During her career, she reached the semifinals at the 1996 Australian Open, the quarterfinals of the French Open three times, and had wins over world No. 1s Serena Williams and Martina Hingis. In doubles, she won the 1996 Australian Open with Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and alongside Sandrine Testud, were runners-up at the 1999 US Open.

She is also known to have played at the very first official match of the Arthur Ashe Stadium, at the 1997 US Open, in which she faced Tamarine Tanasugarn of Thailand and lost in two sets.
Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin
Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan ʒɑ̃ sɛ̃ maʁtɛ̃]; 17 January 1791 – 17 July 1832) was a French academic, orientalist, and pioneer in the field of what would be known as Armenian Studies.

Armenian studies
Armenian studies or Armenology (Armenian: հայագիտություն, pronounced [hɑjɑɡituˈtʰjun]) is a field of humanities covering Armenian history, language and culture. The emergence of modern Armenian studies is associated with the foundation of the Catholic Mechitarist order in the early 18th century. Until the early 20th century, Armenian studies were largely conducted by individual scholars in the Armenian communities of the Russian Empire (Moscow, Saint Petersburg, New Nakhichevan, Tiflis), Europe (Venice, Vienna, Paris, London, Berlin, Leipzig), Constantinople and Vagharshapat in Armenia. After the establishment of Soviet rule, Armenian studies, and sciences in general, were institutionalized in Armenia and put under direct control of the Academy of Sciences. Today, numerous  research centers in many parts of the world specialize in Armenian studies.
Richard Hewet
Richard Hewet (by 1463 – 1519), of Exeter, Devon, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Exeter in 1512 and 1515. He was mayor of Exeter in 1506–7 and 1513–14.

Exeter (UK Parliament constituency)
Exeter (/ˈɛksɪtər/ EK-sit-ər) is a constituency composed of the cathedral city and county town of Devon represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Steve Race of the Labour Party.
Orange County Museum of Art
The UC Irvine Langson Orange County Museum of Art is a modern and contemporary art museum located on the campus of the Segerstrom Center for the Arts in Costa Mesa, California. The museum's collection comprises more than 4,500 objects, with a concentration on the art of California and the Pacific Rim from the early 20th century to present. Exhibits include traditional paintings, sculptures, and photography, as well as new media in the form of video, digital, and installation art.

Vija Celmins
Vija Celmins (/ˈvijə ˈsɛlmənz/ VEE-yə SEL-məns; Latvian: Vija Celmiņa; Latvian pronunciation: [ˈvija ˈt̪͡s̪ɛlmiɲa]; born October 25, 1938) is a Latvian American visual artist best known for photo-realistic paintings and drawings of natural environments and phenomena such as the ocean, spider webs, star fields, and rocks. Her earlier work included pop sculptures and monochromatic representational paintings. Based in New York City, she has been the subject of over forty solo exhibitions since 1965, and major retrospectives at the Museum of Modern Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Institute of Contemporary Arts, London and the Centre Pompidou, Paris.
Sherwin Vries
Sherwin Marchel Vries (born 22 March 1980 in Walvis Bay, South Africa) is a sprinter who represents South Africa after switching from Namibia in 2003.

He finished fifth at the 2001 Summer Universiade and fourth at the 2006 African Championships in Athletics, both over 200 metres. He also reached the semi-final at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics.

At the 2001 Universiade he also competed for the Namibian 4 x 100 metres relay team who set a national record of 39.48 seconds.

2001 Summer Universiade
The 2001 Summer Universiade, also known as the XXI Summer Universiade, was an international multi-sport event that took place in Beijing, China, between 22 August and 1 September. Beijing also hosted the 1990 Asian Games. A total of 6,757 athletes from 165 nations took part in 12 sports. The hosts, China, topped the medal table for the first time, with a total of 103 medals and 54 gold medals (more than twice the number of gold- medals won by the United States, in second place).

The event was also considered a rehearsal for the 2008 Beijing Olympics due to the announcement that Beijing would host the 2008 Olympic Games, which was made one month before the Opening Ceremony of the Universiade.
Kosovo field
Kosovo field (Albanian: Fusha e Kosovës; Serbian: Косово поље, romanized: Kosovo polje, lit. 'Blackbird Field') is a large karst field, located in the middle part of Kosovo. It is mostly known for being the site of the Battle of Kosovo (1389) between the Balkan Alliance led by Lazar of Serbia and Ottoman armies led by Murad I, and many other battles.

Polje
A polje, also called karst polje or karst field, is a large flat plain found in karstic geological regions of the world, with areas usually in the range of 5–400 km2 (2–154 sq mi). The name derives from the Slavic languages, where polje literally means 'field', whereas in English polje specifically refers to a karst plain or karst field.
First Love (2018 film)
First Love is a 2018 Philippine romantic drama film co-produced and directed by Paul Soriano from a story he wrote and adapted into a screenplay by Anjeli Pessumal and Rona Co. Starring Aga Muhlach and Bea Alonzo, the film tells a love story between a photographer and a venture capitalist in the city in Canada's Pacific coast.

Filmed in Vancouver and produced by Ten17P, in participation with Star Cinema and Viva Films, the film was theatrically released in the Philippines on October 17, 2018.

Viva Films
Viva Films, Inc. (also known as Viva Films, stylized as VIVA Films) is a Philippine film production and distribution company owned by Viva Communications. It was founded in 1981 by Vic del Rosario Jr. and his sister Tess Cruz. Viva Films is one of the largest film studios in the Philippines, along with Star Cinema, Regal Entertainment and GMA Pictures.
2022 Trofeo Faip–Perrel
The 2022 Trofeo Faip–Perrel was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the seventeenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bergamo, Italy between 31 October and 6 November 2022.

Jan-Lennard Struff
Jan-Lennard Struff (German pronunciation: [ʃtʁʊf]; born 25 April 1990) is a German professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 21, achieved on 19 June 2023. He also reached a best doubles ranking of No. 21 on 22 October 2018. He is currently the No. 3 German singles player.

Struff became the third oldest first-time ATP champion (since the inception of the ATP Tour in 1990) in 2024 at the age of 33, when he won his first ATP singles title by beating third seeded Taylor Fritz in straight sets in the final of the BMW Open.
Kathrin Weßel
Kathrin Wessel (née Ullrich; born 14 August 1967) is a retired German long-distance runner who specialized in the 10,000 metres. She was the 1987 World Championship bronze medallist, the 1990 European Championship silver medallist, and won the 1989 World Cup title. She also competed at three Olympic Games (Seoul 1988, Barcelona 1992, and Atlanta 1996).

1989 IAAF World Cup
The 5th IAAF World Cup in Athletics was an international track and field sporting event sponsored by the International Association of Athletics Federations, held on September 8–10, 1989, at the Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys in Barcelona, Spain.
Network administrator
A network administrator is a person designated in an organization whose responsibility includes maintaining computer infrastructures with emphasis on local area networks (LANs) up to wide area networks (WANs). Responsibilities may vary between organizations, but installing new hardware, on-site servers, enforcing licensing agreements, software-network interactions as well as network integrity and resilience are some of the key areas of focus.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
Miracle in Soho
Miracle in Soho is a 1957 British drama film directed by Julian Amyes and starring John Gregson, Belinda Lee and Cyril Cusack. It was written by Emeric Pressburger. The film depicts the lives of the inhabitants of a small street in Soho and the romance between a local road-builder and the daughter of Italian immigrants.

The film had its premiere on 11 July 1957 at the Odeon Leicester Square, preceded by the British Film Academy awards.

It was Emeric Pressburger's first movie after the dissolution of his partnership with Michael Powell.

Screenonline
Screenonline is a website about the history of British film, television and social history as documented by film and television. The project has been developed by the British Film Institute and funded by a £1.2 million grant from the National Lottery New Opportunities Fund.

Reviews featured on the site are usually of significant film or television topics, including production companies, films and television programmes. The site also offers downloads of clips or full episodes of television programmes, although these are only viewable in registered libraries and educational institutions.
Artistes 311 Love Beyond Borders
Artistes 311 Love Beyond Borders (Chinese: 愛心無國界311燭光晚會) was a major fund raising campaign held in Hong Kong for the victims of the Japan 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The event was organized by the Hong Kong Performing Artistes Guild and began at 7pm on 1 April 2011 at Causeway Bay Victoria park. About HK$18 million were raised in this event alone, not counting other fund raisers. Converted into US Dollars, the charity concert raised approximately 2.31 million dollars.

Causeway Bay
Causeway Bay is an area and a bay on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, straddling the border of the Eastern and the Wan Chai districts. It is a major shopping, leisure and cultural centre in Hong Kong, with a number of major shopping centres. The rents in the shopping areas of Causeway Bay were ranked as the world's most expensive for around a decade after overtaking New York City's Fifth Avenue in 2012. The area's Cantonese name "Tung Lo Wan" is never used to refer to the area in English, and "Causeway Bay" is always used instead.
Miss World Philippines 2024
Miss World Philippines 2024 was the twelfth Miss World Philippines pageant, held at the SM Mall of Asia Arena in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines, on July 19, 2024.

Gwendolyne Fourniol of Negros Occidental crowned Krishnah Gravidez of Baguio at the end of the event. Gravidez represented the Philippines at the 72nd Miss World pageant, where she ended up as a top eight finalist and continental queen for Asia.

Contestants from thirty-three localities competed in this edition. The pageant was hosted by Billy Crawford, Maria Gigante, Teejay Marquez, and Emmanuelle Vera. The competition also featured the debut of “Rays of Hope,” a new crown designed by Oro China Jewelry. Filipino pop rock band The Juans, the Manila Philharmonic Orchestra, Johnoy Danao, Alyssa Muhlach and Filipino pop groups Kaia and Bilib performed in the finals. Miss World 2023 Krystyna Pyszková and Julia Morley also attended the coronation night.

Kaia (group)
Kaia (stylized in all caps) is a Filipino girl group. The quintet consists of twin sisters Charice and Angela, Alexa, Sophia, and Charlotte. Their pre-debut single "Kaya" was released on December 10, 2021. The group officially debuted on April 8, 2022, with debut single "Blah Blah".