hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ridgewood Pearl
Ridgewood Pearl (1992–2003) was an Irish-based Thoroughbred racehorse who in 1995 won four Group/Grade 1 races in four countries including over male horses in the Breeders' Cup Mile at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York.

The filly was bred by Sean Couglan and raced by his wife, Anne.

Ridgewood Pearl was retired to broodmare duty and produced five foals before dying in 2003 as a result of hemorrhaging after producing a dead foal.

Breeders' Cup Mile
The  Breeders' Cup Mile is a 1-mile (1.6 km) Grade 1 Weight for Age stakes race for thoroughbred racehorses three years old and up, run on a turf course. It has been conducted annually as part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships since the event's inception in 1984. All Breeders' Cups to date have been held in the United States except for the 1996 event in Canada.

The purse was raised from $1.5 million US to $2 million in 2007.

Freddy Head has won this race twice as a jockey and three times as a trainer.

There is no official stakes record for the Breeders' Cup Mile as it is run on different racecourses each year, some of which are significantly faster than others. In 2012, Wise Dan set a then-course record at Santa Anita with his time of 1:31.78. Although Tourist ran faster than this with a time of 1:31.71 in 2016, he just missed the current Santa Anita course record of 1:31.69.
Batu (Kuala Lumpur federal constituency)
Batu is a federal constituency in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1986.

The federal constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

Federal territories of Malaysia
The federal territories (FT; Malay: Wilayah Persekutuan) in Malaysia comprise three territories—Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya—governed directly by the Federal Government of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital of Malaysia, Putrajaya the administrative capital, and Labuan an offshore international financial centre. Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya are enclaves in the state of Selangor. Labuan is an island off the coast of the Sabah state.
2024 A-League Women grand final
The 2024 A-League Women grand final, known officially as the Liberty A-League Women grand final, was a championship soccer match between Melbourne City and Sydney FC at AAMI Park in Melbourne on 4 May 2024. It was the 15th A-League Women grand final and the culmination of the 2023–24 season. Melbourne City came into the match as premiers.

The match was refereed by Casey Reibelt. Sydney FC won the match 1–0 and received its second-consecutive championship, the tenth league title in the club's history. Mackenzie Hawkesby was named man of the match. As winners, Sydney FC became the first A-League Women club to win five championships.

The match was broadcast live in Australia and New Zealand by Network 10 and Sky Sport respectively, as well as 10 Bold and Paramount+. 7,671 spectators were in attendance at the venue, the second-highest at a grand final behind the 2023 grand final.

10 Drama
10 Drama is an Australian free-to-air digital television multichannel owned by Network 10. It originally launched on 26 March 2009 as One HD with a focus on broadcasting sports-based programming and events, but rebranded to One in April 2011 to include more scripted and adventure-based programming aimed at males between the ages of 25 and 54. As of October 2018, the channel now primarily broadcasts dramatic programming.
Pietro Pezzati (artist)
Pietro Pezzati (1828–1890) was an Italian painter.

Born in Tuscany, he was a resident of Livorno. He exhibited at the Promotrice of Florence: Il mio diletto a me ed io a lui and a Holy Family. In 1886, at the Exhibition of Livorno, he displayed another  depicting: Virgin and Child. Pezzati mainly painted sacred subjects.

He painted the altarpiece of San Giovanni Gualberto in prayer visited by the Divine Light (1856) found in the Chapel of San Giovanni Gualberto located near Tavarnelle Val di Pesa.

Tavarnelle Val di Pesa
Tavarnelle Val di Pesa is a village (Italian: frazione) in Barberino Tavarnelle in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany. Before 2019 it was a  municipality (Italian: comune). It is about 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Florence.
Wager Island
Wager Island (Spanish: Isla Wager) is an uninhabited island in Guayaneco Archipelago, a remote part of western Patagonia. Located 1,600 kilometres (990 miles) south of Santiago, the island is part of Capitán Prat Province of the Aysén Region, Chile. The island was the location of the Wager Mutiny, which took place in October 1741 after the wreck of the British warship HMS Wager.

Llanquihue glaciation
The last glacial period and its associated glaciation is known in southern Chile as the Llanquihue glaciation (Spanish: Glaciación de Llanquihue). Its type area lies west of Llanquihue Lake where various drifts or end moraine systems belonging to the last glacial period have been identified. The glaciation is the last episode of existence of the Patagonian Ice Sheet. Around Nahuel Huapi Lake the equivalent glaciation is known as the Nahuel Huapi Drift.

The preceding interglacial is known as the Valdivia interglacial after its type locality of Valdivia.
Rettig
Rettig (nickname of the greengrocer or radish farmer) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alvin Rettig (born 1963), American arena football player

Charles P. Rettig (born 1956), American attorney and Commissioner of Internal Revenue

Chase Rettig (born 1991), American football player

Haviv Rettig, Israeli-American journalist

James R. Rettig (1950–2022), American librarian

Otto Rettig (1894–1977), American baseball player

Raúl Rettig (1909–2000), Chilean politician and lawyer

Tommy Rettig (1941–1996), American child actor, computer software engineer and author

Fictional characters:

Lancer Rettig, fictional character in the novel Endymion by Dan Simmons

James R. Rettig
James R. Rettig (November 11, 1950 – August 17, 2022) was an American librarian and educator. He served as dean of libraries at the United States Naval Academy and as president of the American Library Association, the largest and oldest library association in the world.
Absolutely Seriously
Absolutely Seriously (Russian: Совершенно серьёзно) is a 1961 Soviet comedy anthology film directed by Eldar Ryazanov, Naum Trakhtenberg, Eduard Zmoiro, Vladimir Semakov and Leonid Gaidai. The best known novella is Dog Barbos and Unusual Cross which is often screened separately.

Eldar Ryazanov
Eldar Aleksandrovich Ryazanov (Russian: Эльдар Александрович Рязанов; 18 November 1927 – 30 November 2015) was a Soviet and Russian film director, screenwriter, poet, actor and pedagogue whose popular comedies, satirizing the daily life of the Soviet Union and Russia, are celebrated throughout the former Soviet Union and former Warsaw Pact countries.
Ben Oliver (cyclist)
Ben Oliver (born 17 December 1996) is a New Zealand racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team MitoQ–NZ Cycling Project. In 2026, he will join UCI ProTeam Modern Adventure Pro Cycling.

Oliver specializes in road racing and mountain biking. He also occasionally competes on the track, having ridden in the individual pursuit at the 2025 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

His brother Craig is also a professional cyclist.

New Zealand Cycle Classic
The New Zealand Cycle Classic  (previously known as the Tour of Wellington) was a road cycling race held in and around the Wairarapa near Wellington, New Zealand. The race was a men's competition over five stages and part of the UCI Oceania Tour.

In August 2024, it was announced by race organiser Jorge Sandoval that the race was being cancelled due to difficulty finding a naming rights sponsor.
Luca Roman
Luca Roman (born 10 December 1985) is an Italian Olympic eventing rider. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro where he finished 40th in the individual and 9th in the team competition.

Roman also participated at the 2015 European Eventing Championships, where he placed 6th with the Italian team in the team event and finished 15th individually.

His brother Pietro also participated at the 2016 Olympics. They became the second set of Roman brothers that represented Italy at the Olympics, as their father Federico and their uncle Mauro were part of the Italian eventing squad that took team silver at the 1980 Games in Moscow. Federico also won an individual gold at the Games.

Equestrian at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Team eventing
The team eventing in equestrian at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held at National Equestrian Center from 6 to 9 August.

The French team of Karim Laghouag, Thibaut Vallette, Mathieu Lemoine and Astier Nicolas won the gold medal. Germany won the silver medal and Australia took bronze.
Étampes
Étampes (French: [etɑ̃p] ⓘ) is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located 48.1 km (29.9 mi) south-southwest from the center of Paris (as the crow flies). Étampes is a sub-prefecture of the Essonne department.

Étampes, together with the neighboring communes of Morigny-Champigny and Brières-les-Scellés, form an urban area of 30,881 inhabitants (2018). This urban area is a "satellite city" of Paris.

Kilometre zero
Kilometre zero (or km 0), also known as zero mile marker or zero milepost, is a particular location (usually in the nation's capital city) from which traveled distances are traditionally measured, as in distance markers. Historically, they were markers where drivers could set their odometers to follow the directions in early roaming guidebooks.

One such marker is the Milliarium Aureum ("Golden Milestone") of the Roman Empire, believed to be the origin for the maxim "All roads lead to Rome".
Sholi
Sholi is an American indie/alternative/experimental group that originated in Davis, California, and now has members dispersed throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. The members include primary songwriter Payam Bavafa, drummer Jonathon Bafus, and bassist Eric Ruud, occasionally with keyboardist Greg Hagel.  In autumn of 2008, Sholi signed to Quarterstick Records / Touch and Go Records. Their full-length debut, produced with Greg Saunier of Deerhoof, was released on February 17, 2009.

Davis, California
Davis is the most populous city in Yolo County, California, United States. Located in the Sacramento Valley region of Northern California, the city had a population of 66,850 in 2020, not including the on-campus population of the University of California, Davis, which was over 9,400 (not including students' families) in 2016. As of 2023, there were 40,850 students enrolled at the university, which is known as the biking capital of America.
The Soul Cages (story)
"The Soul Cages" is a fairy tale invented by Thomas Keightley, originally presented as a genuine Irish folktale in T. Crofton Croker's Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland (1825–28).

It features a male merrow (merman) inviting a local fisherman to his undersea home. The "soul cages" in the title refer to a collection of human souls that the merman kept in his home.

The invention of the tale, rather than being a hoax perpetrated on Croker, was a request carried out at Croker's behest, according to Keightley's correspondences. Croker had the idea of Keightley writing up a tale based on the Grimms' German legend "Der Wassermann und der Bauer", after having listened to Keightley's English translation of the Grimms's book, Deutsche Sagen.

County Clare
County Clare (Irish: Contae an Chláir) is a county in the province of Munster in the  Southern part of Ireland, bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Clare County Council is the local authority. The county had a population of 127,938 at the 2022 census. The county seat and largest settlement is Ennis.
Ammazzacaffè
Ammazzacaffè (Italian: [amˌmattsakafˈfɛ]; lit. 'coffee-killer') is a small glass of liqueur usually consumed after coffee to dull its taste or the effects of caffeine. It is a common Italian custom, especially after a generous festive meal.

Liqueur
A liqueur (UK: /lɪˈkjʊər/ ⓘ li-KURE, US: /lɪˈkɜːr/ li-KUR; French: [likœʁ]) is an alcoholic drink composed of spirits (often rectified spirit) and additional flavorings such as sugar, fruits, herbs, and spices. Often served with or after dessert, they are typically heavily sweetened and un-aged, beyond a resting period during production, when necessary, for their flavors to mingle.

Liqueurs are historical descendants of herbal medicines. They were made in France as early as the 13th century, often prepared by monks (for example, Chartreuse). Today they are produced all over the world, commonly served neat, over ice, with coffee, in cocktails, and used in cooking.
Canton of Villegusien-le-Lac
The canton of Villegusien-le-Lac is an administrative division of the Haute-Marne department, northeastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Villegusien-le-Lac.

It consists of the following communes:

Villegusien-le-Lac
Villegusien-le-Lac (French pronunciation: [vilɡyzjɛ̃ lə lak]) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, the former commune Heuilley-Cotton was merged into Villegusien-le-Lac. It is around 50 km north of Dijon.
Louise Schack Elholm
Louise Schack Elholm (born 26 October 1977) is a Danish politician who serves as a member of the Folketing for the Venstre political party. She was elected into parliament at the 2007 Danish general election. She also served as minister of ecclesiastical affairs between 2022 and 2023.

2007 Danish general election
General elections were held in Denmark on 13 November 2007. The elections allowed prime minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen to continue for a third term in a coalition government consisting of Venstre and the Conservative People's Party with parliamentary support from the Danish People's Party. They were the first elections held using the current constituencies.
Wake the Sleeper
Wake the Sleeper is the 21st studio album by the rock band Uriah Heep, released on 2 June 2008 in Europe and on 26 August 2008 in the United States. The announced September 2007 release was rescheduled (initially to March 2008) as a result of the purchase of Sanctuary Records by Universal Music. This was to allow proper promotion of the album, rather than it be 'lost' during the changeover and, although frustrating for them, was something the band members supported. It is their first studio album since 1998's Sonic Origami. It is also their first album since 1980's Conquest without long-time drummer Lee Kerslake, who had to withdraw from the band due to ill health in 2007, putting an end to the band's longest-lasting lineup which existed for 21 years.

Lee Kerslake
Lee Gary Kerslake (16 April 1947 – 19 September 2020) was an English musician, best known as the longtime drummer and backing vocalist for the rock band Uriah Heep and for his work with Ozzy Osbourne in the early 1980s.
Andri Syahputra
Andri Syahputra Sudarmanto (born 29 June 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Malaysia Super League club Johor Darul Ta'zim, on loan from Al-Gharafa. Born in Indonesia, he represents Qatar at international level.

Al-Gharafa SC
Al-Gharafa Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الغرافة الرياضي) is a Qatari multi-sports club based in the Al Gharrafa district of Al Rayyan municipality. The club is best known for its football team, although it also has teams for other sports. The club was established on 6 June 1979 as Al-Ittihad and later officially incorporated into the Qatar Football Association on 23 September of that same year. The club was officially renamed to its current form in 2004 to better represent the district of Al-Gharafa, where the club is located.

The club was founded by Sheikh Mohammed bin Jassim Al Thani, Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim Al Thani, Sheikh Hamad bin Faisal Al Thani, Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani and Saad Mohammed Al-Rumaihi. In a documentary produced by Al Kass sports channel about the history of the club, Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim mentioned that the idea was initially suggested by Saad Al-Rumaihi who was working as a sports journalist at the Al Raya newspaper.
AQ Interactive
AQ Interactive, Inc. was a Japanese video game developer and publisher. AQ stands for Artistic Quality. It was the parent company of the developers Artoon, Cavia and feelplus, and most recently the U.S. publisher Xseed Games. AQ Interactive and its subsidiaries produced games both under the AQ Interactive name, as well as developing for other publishers such as Microsoft Studios (now Xbox Game Studios) and Nintendo.

Simulation video game
Simulation video games are a diverse super-category of video games, generally designed to closely simulate real world activities. A simulation game attempts to copy various activities from real life in the form of a game for various purposes such as training, analysis, prediction, or entertainment. Usually there are no strictly defined goals in the game, and the player is allowed to control a character or environment freely. Well-known examples are war games, business games, and role play simulation. From three basic types of strategic, planning, and learning exercises: games, simulations, and case studies, a number of hybrids may be considered, including simulation games that are used as case studies. Comparisons of the merits of simulation games versus other teaching techniques have been carried out by many researchers and a number of comprehensive reviews have been published.
Isetsky (rural locality)
Isetsky (Russian: Исетский; masculine), Isetskaya (Исетская; feminine), or Isetskoye (Исетское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Isetskoye, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a selo in Kamensky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast

Isetskoye, Tyumen Oblast, a selo in Isetsky Rural Okrug of Isetsky District of Tyumen Oblast

Tyumen Oblast
Tyumen Oblast (Russian: Тюме́нская о́бласть, romanized: Tyumenskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is located in Western Siberia, and is administratively part of the Ural Federal District. The oblast has administrative jurisdiction over two autonomous okrugs: the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The oblast, including its autonomous okrugs, is the third-largest federal subject by area, and has a population of 3,395,755 (2010).

Tyumen is the largest city and the administrative center of the oblast, and the first Russian city in Siberia.

Tyumen Oblast is the largest producer of oil and natural gas in the country, and has experienced an oil boom since the early 2000s. The rapid growth of the fuel industry has made the oblast by far the richest federal subject of Russia, with an average GDP per capita several times the national average since 2006.
1460s in poetry
[O]u sont les neiges d'antan
("Where are the snows of yesteryear?")

— François Villon, the "Ballade des Dams du Temps Jadis" in Le Grand Testament, 1461

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

Makar
A makar ( /ˈmækər/ ⓘ) is a term from Scottish literature for a poet or bard, often thought of as a royal court poet.

Since the 19th century, the term The Makars has been specifically used to refer to a number of poets of fifteenth and sixteenth century Scotland, in particular Robert Henryson, William Dunbar and Gavin Douglas, who wrote a diverse genre of works in Middle Scots in the period of the Northern Renaissance.

The Makars have often been referred to by literary critics as Scots Chaucerians. In modern usage, poets of the Scots revival in the 18th century, such as Allan Ramsay and Robert Fergusson are also makars.

Since 2002, the term "makar" has been revived as the name for a publicly funded poet, first in Edinburgh, followed by the cities of Glasgow, Stirling and Dundee. In 2004 the position of Makar, was authorized by the Scottish Parliament.
Cephalothecaceae
The Cephalothecaceae are a family of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes. The family was circumscribed in 1917 by Austrian naturalist Franz Xaver Rudolf von Höhnel. Species in this family are saprobic, often growing on rotten wood or on other fungi. They are known to be distributed in northern temperate regions. The family was placed in a monotypic class Cephalothecales Hubka & Réblová in Index Fungorum 424: 1 (2019).

The family Cephalothecaceae contains the genera (with amount of species); Albertiniella Kirschst. (1936) (2), Cephalotheca Fuckel (1871) (14), Cryptendoxyla Malloch & Cain (1970) (2), Phialemonium W. Gams & McGinnis (1983) (9) and Victoriomyces (1 - Victoriomyces antarcticus Maggi, Davolos & Persiani (2019).

Franz Xaver Rudolf von Höhnel
Franz Xaver Rudolf von Höhnel (24 September 1852 – 11 November 1920) was an Austrian bryologist, mycologist, and algologist, brother of explorer Ludwig von Höhnel (1857–1942). The fungus genus Hoehneliella is named after him.
Ahmad Boestamam
Abdullah Thani bin Raja Kechi (30 November 1920 – 19 January 1983), commonly known as Ahmad Boestamam, was a Malaysian freedom fighter and politician. He was the founding president of Parti Rakyat Malaysia and Parti Marhaen Malaysia and former chairman of the Malaysian Social Justice Party. He was an editor and reporter for several newspapers and took a pen-name honouring Indian freedom fighter Subhas Chandra Bose. He was elected a member of parliament for Setepak in Malaysia' first post-independence elections in 1959, and served lengthy spells as a political prisoner.

Alliance Party (Malaysia)
The Alliance Party (Malay: Parti Perikatan) was a political coalition in Malaysia. The Alliance Party, whose membership comprised the ethnic parties of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), was informally founded in 1952 before being formally registered as a political organisation in 1957 after its victory in the 1955 Malayan general election. It was the ruling coalition of Malaya from 1957 to 1963, and Malaysia from 1963 to 1974. The coalition became known as the Barisan Nasional (BN) that year, which ruled Malaysia for another 44 years until 2018.
Tumut High School
Tumut High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in Tumut, in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1913 the school enrolled approximately 540 students in 2018, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom ten percent identified as Indigenous Australians and four percent were from a language background other than English. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education; the principal is Donald Dixon.

Year 7
Year 7 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Australia and New Zealand. It is the seventh full year (or eighth in Australia and England) of compulsory education and is roughly equivalent to grade 6 in the United States and Canada (or to grade 7 for the Australian Year 7). Children in this year are between 11 and 12.