hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kumlienia
Kumlienia is a small genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family known generally as false buttercups. There are two species in this genus, both of which were formerly included in Ranunculus. Kumlienia cooleyae is native to the northwestern Pacific coast of North America from Alaska to Washington. Kumlienia hystricula is endemic to the Sierra Nevada of California. These perennial herbs produce a basal rosette of leaves on a caudex and erect inflorescences of a few yellow or white buttercup flowers.

The genus is named for the Swedish-American naturalist Thure Kumlien.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
Laurence Shorter
Laurence Shorter (born 1970) is an author and comedian who lives in London.

He is the author of The Optimist: One Man’s Search For The Brighter Side Of Life, which was published in January 2009 by Canongate Books, and author and photographer of A Hedonist's Guide to Tallinn, published by Hg2.

Born in New York, he studied History at Cambridge University. Following an early career in business which included management consultancy, new media business development and venture capital, Shorter gained an MBA at the business school INSEAD. He went on to co-found a Business-to-business web startup in Paris. He has been writing and performing since 2001, when he was selected for the Old Vic Theatre’s noted "New Voices" programme. He and his work have appeared on the BBC, in The Observer and The Independent, and at the Edinburgh Festival and assorted London theatres.

INSEAD
INSEAD (/ˈɪnsiæd/ IN-see-ad; French: Institut européen d'administration des affaires) is a non-profit business school with locations in France (Fontainebleau), Singapore, the United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi) and the United States (San Francisco).

As a graduate-only business school, INSEAD offers a full-time Master of Business Administration, an Executive MBA (EMBA), an Executive Master in Finance, a Master in Management, an Executive Master in Change, a PhD in management, a Business Foundations post-graduate certificate and a variety of Executive education programmes delivered at campuses in France, Singapore and Abu Dhabi.
Rhaita
The rhaita or ghaita (Arabic: غيطة, romanized: ghayṭa) is a double reed instrument from West North Africa, specifically Morocco, Algeria, Libya, and Mauritania. It is nearly identical in construction to the Arabic mizmar and the Turkish zurna. The distinctive name owes to a medieval Gothic-Iberian influence. In southern Iberia, various sorts of wind instruments, including the related shawm, are known as gaitas, but in northern Iberia gaita refers only to bagpipes.

The rhaita was featured in The Lord of the Rings soundtracks by Howard Shore, specifically in the Mordor theme. American composer John Corigliano calls one of the movements of his 1975 Concerto for Oboe and Orchestra "Rhaita Dance", asking the oboist to imitate a rhaita by pushing the reed further into their mouth. In 1981 while composing the soundtrack to Altered States Corigliano again called for oboists to mimic the rhaita sound during Three Hallucinations.

Gaita navarra
The gaita narvarra is a double reeded flute-like folk instrument originating from Navarra, Spain.  The gaita narvarra is very similar to the Spanish folk instrument known as the dulzaina.  Both are variants of shawms, from Spain.  The reeds of the gaita are very similar to bassoon reeds.

While the word gaita is commonly translated from Spanish as "bagpipe", many instruments which share the term in part of their name bear little resemblance to bagpipes.  The gaita navarra utilizes double reeds and most resembles an oboe, unable to be considered a true bagpipe in that it lacks a bag or drone.

This instrument is typically played for Processional Giants better known as "Gigantes" or "Erraldoiak" in Euskera.
Ward's red-backed vole
The Ward's red-backed vole (Eothenomys wardi) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in China, specifically the north-western area of Yunnan Province. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of Eothenomys chinensis, but most zoologists consider it to be a separate species due to the noticeably shorter tail and hind feet.

Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At over 870 species, it is either the largest or second-largest family of mammals, and has members throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia.
Antonacci
Antonacci is an Italian surname derived from Antonius. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Caterina Antonacci (born 1961), Italian soprano

Biagio Antonacci (born 1963), Italian singer-songwriter

Bob Antonacci, properly Robert E. Antonacci, American politician

Greg Antonacci (1947–2017), American television actor, director, producer and writer

Joe Antonacci (born 1960), American boxing ring announcer

Pietro Antonacci (fl. 18th century), Italian composer

Sam Antonacci (born 2003), American baseball player

Anna Caterina Antonacci
Anna Caterina Antonacci (born 5 April 1961) is an Italian soprano known for roles in the bel canto and Baroque repertories. She performed as a mezzo-soprano for several years, particularly performing the Rossini canon.
2024 MAAC men's basketball tournament
The 2024 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament will be the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference for the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The tournament will be played March 12–16, 2024, at the Jim Whelan Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey, for the fifth year in a row. The tournament winner will receive the conference's automatic bid to the 2024 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament.

Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC, /mæk/) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I. Its current 13 full members are located in five Northeastern states: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York.

Members are all relatively small private institutions, a majority Catholic or formerly Catholic, with the only exceptions being two secular institutions: Rider University and Quinnipiac University.

The MAAC currently sponsors 25 sports and has 17 associate member institutions.
Eidsiva Energi
Eidsiva Energi is a Norwegian energy company based in Hamar with large sections of Hedmark and Oppland counties as its core market. The company is the largest producer, distributor, and trader of electricity in the county. The corporation had a revenue of 3.5 billion kr and market capitalization of 9 billion kr in 2006. It is owned by Hedmark County as well as by 25 municipalities. In 2019, it became a subsidiary of Hafslund.

The corporation is decentralised and has ten division offices in the two counties, while the head office is located in downtown Hamar, while the customer centre is located in Kongsvinger. It has 163,000 power- and grid customers as well as an electricity production of 3.2 terawatt-hours (12 PJ), all hydroelectricity, from 20 wholly owned and 24 partially owned power plants. It also operates 20,000 kilometers of power grid including 10,000 net stations and transformers. It also holds a 39.6% stake in Moelven Industrier.

Kongsvinger (town)
Kongsvinger (pronunciationⓘ) is a town located within Kongsvinger Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of the municipality. It is located along the river Glomma, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of the city of Oslo and about 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of the town of Elverum. The town is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the border with Sweden.

The 8.27-square-kilometre (2,040-acre) town has a population (2024) of 12,443 and a population density of 1,505 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,900/sq mi).

The downtown area of Kongsvinger has a new public library and a town square. There are also plans for a new hotel to be built in conjunction to the refurbishment of the downtown area as well as for the construction of two new shopping centres. These plans are part of the overall strategy of the municipal council to make Kongsvinger more attractive to tourists and potential new residents.
AC Horsens
Alliance Club Horsens (Danish: [æliˈɑŋsə ˈkʰlup ˈhɒːsn̩s]), commonly referred to as AC Horsens (Danish: [ɛˀˈse̝ˀ ˈhɒːsn̩s]) or simply Horsens, is a Danish professional football club based in Horsens, Central Denmark Region. Founded in 1994, as a superstructure on Horsens fS (founded 1915), Stensballe IK and FC Horsens, the club competes in the Danish 1st Division, the second tier of the Danish football league system. Both Stensballe IK and FC Horsens has later left the cooperation, and only Horsens fS remains.

Central Denmark Region
The Central Denmark Region (Danish: Region Midtjylland), or more directly translated as the Central Jutland Region and sometimes simply Mid-Jutland, is an administrative region of Denmark established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish municipal reform. The reform abolished the traditional counties (amter) and replaced them with five new administrative regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the total number of municipalities from 271 to 98. The reform diminished the power of the regional level dramatically in favour of the local level and the national government in Copenhagen. The Central Denmark Region comprises 19 municipalities.
Kunaev Home Museum
Kunaev Home Museum (Kazakh: Қонаев үй-музейі, romanized: Qonaev üi-muzeiı; Russian: Дом-музей Кунаева, romanized: Dom-muzei Kunaeva) is a memorial museum and memorial apartments of the politician and First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan Dinmukhamed Kunaev in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Kazakh alphabets
The Kazakh language was written mainly in four scripts at various points of time – Old Turkic, Cyrillic, Latin, and Arabic – each having a distinct alphabet. The Arabic script is used in Iran, Afghanistan, and China, while the Cyrillic script is used in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Mongolia. In October 2017, a presidential decree in Kazakhstan ordered a transition from the Cyrillic to Latin script to be implemented by 2025. In January 2021, the target year for finishing the transition was pushed back to 2031.
Isotopes of fermium
Fermium (100Fm) is a synthetic element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be discovered (in nuclear fallout from the Ivy Mike H-bomb test) was 255Fm in 1952. 250Fm was independently synthesized (to establish priority if the former result had to remain classified) shortly after the discovery of 255Fm.

There are 20 known radioisotopes ranging in atomic mass from 241Fm to 260Fm (260Fm is unconfirmed), and 5 nuclear isomers. The longest-lived isotope is 257Fm with a half-life of 100.5 days, and the longest-lived isomer is 247mFm with a half-life of 5.1 seconds.

Ivy Mike
Ivy Mike was the codename given to the first full-scale test of a thermonuclear device, in which a significant fraction of the explosive yield comes from nuclear fusion. Ivy Mike was detonated on November 1, 1952, by the United States on the island of Elugelab in Enewetak Atoll, in the now independent  island nation of the Marshall Islands, as part of Operation Ivy. It was the first full test of the Teller–Ulam design, a staged fusion device.

Due to its physical size and fusion fuel type (cryogenic liquid deuterium),  the "Mike" device was not suitable for use as a deliverable weapon. It was intended as a "technically conservative" proof of concept experiment to validate the concepts used for multi-megaton detonations.

Samples from the explosion had traces of the isotopes plutonium-246, plutonium-244, and the predicted elements einsteinium and fermium.
Albert B. Corey Prize
The Albert B. Corey Prize is an academic prize, granted jointly by the Canadian Historical Association and American Historical Association every two years for the best historical books on the history of Canada and the United States of America, or Canadian-American relations. The prize has been awarded biennially since 1967, and notable recipients include Gustave Lanctot, Charles Perry Stacey, James Eayrs, and James L. Axtell.

James Axtell
James L. Axtell (December 20, 1941 – August 29, 2023) was an American historian. He was a professor of history at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia.  Axtell, whose interests lie in American Indian history and the history of higher education, was the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Humanities. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2004. Axtell retired at the end of the spring 2008 semester, although he taught a class at Princeton University in the fall of 2009.
Word Juggler
Word Juggler was a word processor application by Quark, Inc. for the Apple IIe, IIc, and III computers. Until the release of AppleWorks, Word Juggler was the leading word processor on the IIe and IIc, beating out Apple Writer. The software was copy protected with a hardware dongle.

It was one of the first software titles to use ProDOS.

The software was well received and was considered easy to learn and master.

The software also came with a dictionary/spell checker called Lexicheck which was also well received.

Apple IIe
The Apple IIe (styled as Apple //e) is the third model in the Apple II series of personal computers produced by Apple Computer. It was released in January 1983 as the successor to the Apple II Plus. The e in the name stands for enhanced. It is the first Apple II with built-in lowercase, 80-column text support and 64K RAM standard, while reducing the total chip count from previous models by approximately 75%.

Improved expandability combined with the new features made for an attractive general-purpose machine to first-time computer shoppers. As the last surviving model of the Apple II computer line before discontinuation, and having been manufactured and sold for nearly 11 years with relatively few changes, the IIe was the longest-lived computer in Apple's history.
1957 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1957 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries.

The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published on 4 June 1957 for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, and to members of the British Armed Forces in recognition of distinguished and gallant services in the Operations in the Near East, October–December 1956.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Royal Corps of Signals
The Royal Corps of Signals (often simply known as the Royal Signals – abbreviated to R SIGNALS) is one of the combat support arms of the British Army. Signals units are among the first into action, providing the battlefield communications and information systems essential to all operations. Royal Signals units provide the full telecommunications infrastructure for the Army wherever they operate in the world. The Corps has its own engineers, logistics experts and systems operators to run radio and area networks in the field. It is responsible for installing, maintaining and operating all types of telecommunications equipment and information systems, providing command support to commanders and their headquarters, and conducting electronic warfare against enemy communications.
Albinaria idaea
Albinaria idaea is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.

Two percostate populations are known. Based on shell characters, Albinaria idaea seems closely related to Albinaria ariadne, except that Albinaria ariadne has a weak basalis. It has been stated that further research is necessary to clarify the status of Albinaria ariadne.

Clausiliidae
Clausiliidae, also known by the common name door snails, is a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.

With over 1700 recognized recent and fossil species, this is among the most diverse families of terrestrial gastropods (cf. Orthalicidae), although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae is larger.

Most species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium, which enables the snail to close off the aperture of the shell with a sliding "door".
1986 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup
The 1986 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup was the second Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup, held from October 17 to 19 in Tokyo, Japan. The competition was officially organized by the International Gymnastics Federation.

The top 18 individuals and top 8 groups from the 1985 World Championships qualified for the event.

In the individual event, the 1983 World Cup all-around champion, Lilia Ignatova, defended her all-around title after receiving multiple perfect 10 scores. It was her final competition. Tatiana Druchinina was in second place for most of the competition, and an error in her last routine meant that she tied with Galina Beloglazova for bronze. Bianka Panova, the reigning World bronze medalist, dropped a club in her last routine and finished in fourth.

Tatiana Druchinina
Tatiana Rudolfovna Druchinina (Russian: Татьяна Рудольфовна Дручинина; born 18 April 1969) is a Russian former rhythmic gymnast who represented the Soviet Union. She is the 1987 World champion in ribbon and the 1986 World Cup Final all-around silver medalist, Merited Master of Sports in Rhythmic Gymnastics, Honored coach of Russia and figure skating choreographer.
North Alabama SC
North Alabama Soccer Coalition is an American soccer team based in Huntsville, Alabama. The team is a member of the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, and plays in the Southeast Conference. The NPSL is officially affiliated to the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) and qualifies for the U.S. Open Cup. It is generally considered to be the level of competition behind Major League Soccer (MLS), the USL Championship, USL League One, and roughly equal with USL League Two.

National Premier Soccer League
The National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) is an American men's soccer league. The league is officially affiliated to the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) and has automatic qualification for the U.S. Open Cup. It is the successor of the Men's Premier Soccer League, a regional league originally based in the Western United States, which has now expanded nationwide to encompass teams from 29 states. The league's motto is "A National League with a Regional Focus".
USS Preble (1813)
USS Preble, sometimes called Commodore Preble, was a sloop which served in the United States Navy from 1813–1815. Named for Commodore Edward Preble,  she was the first ship by that name in American naval service . Preble was purchased on Lake Champlain in 1813, commissioned 6 August, Lt. Charles Augustus Budd in command. Operating with Commodore Macdonough's squadron, she participated in the Battle of Lake Champlain, 11 September, which gave control of that lake to the Americans and forced General Prevost to retire back to Canada. Laid up after the battle, Preble was sold at Whitehall, New York, in July 1815.

Thomas Macdonough
Thomas Macdonough, Jr. (December 31, 1783 – November 10, 1825) was a United States Navy officer noted for his roles in the First Barbary War and the War of 1812. He was the son of a revolutionary officer, Thomas Macdonough, Sr. who lived near Middletown, Delaware.

He was the sixth child from a family of ten siblings and was raised in the countryside. He entered naval life at an early age, receiving a midshipman's commission at the age of sixteen.

Serving with Stephen Decatur at Tripoli, he was a member of "Preble's Boys", a select group of U.S. naval officers who served under the command of Commodore Preble during the First Barbary War. Macdonough achieved fame during the War of 1812, commanding the American naval forces that overpowered a British squadron at the Battle of Lake Champlain, part of the larger Battle of Plattsburgh.
Concerts of Chembai
The Concerts of Chembai were the performances given by Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar (1896–1974), an Indian Carnatic music vocalist. Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar performed numerous concerts throughout his career, often accompanied by prominent musicians of the era.

Muthiah Bhagavatar
Harikesanallur Muthiah Bhagavatar (15 November 1877 – 30 June 1945), commonly known as Muthiah Bhagavatar, is one of Carnatic classical music's famous twentieth-century composers. He also created about 20 ragas.
Journal of Business Logistics
The Journal of Business Logistics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP), covering research and best practices in logistics and supply chain management. In October 2025, Terry Esper The Ohio State University Fischer College of Business, Christian Hofer University of Arkansas Sam M. Walton College of Business, and Rodney Thomas University of Arkansas Sam M. Walton College of Business were appointed as the incoming editors-in-chief, taking over from Glenn Richey and Beth-Davis-Sramek (both of Auburn University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2020 impact factor is 6.677 and its 5-year impact factor is 7.362, ranking it 48th out of 226 journals in the category "Management".

Fisher College of Business
40°00′16.62″N 83°00′54.17″W﻿ / ﻿40.0046167°N 83.0150472°W﻿ / 40.0046167; -83.0150472

The Fisher College of Business is the business school of Ohio State University, a public research university in Columbus, Ohio. Fisher's campus is located on the northern part of the university within a partially enclosed business campus adjacent to St. John Arena. It is composed of brick buildings loosely arranged in a quadrangle. The 370,000-square-foot (34,000 m2) complex is the largest multi-building project ever undertaken by the university. Fisher is one of the founding members of the AACSB.

Established in 1916 as the College of Commerce and Journalism, the college was renamed in 1993 for Max M. Fisher, a 1930 Ohio State graduate who led efforts to provide a $20 million gift to the college. It has nearly 83,000 living alumni.