hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
European Judaism (journal)
European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe is a biannual academic journal published by Berghahn Books in association with the Leo Baeck College and the Michael Goulston Education Foundation. It was established in 1968 and covers Judaism studies concerning Judaism in Europe. The editor-in-chief is Jonathan Magonet.

Jewish studies
Jewish studies (Hebrew: מדעי היהדות, romanized: madʿê ha-yahadut, lit. 'sciences of Judaism'), or Judaic studies, is an academic discipline centered on the study of Jews and Judaism. Jewish studies is interdisciplinary and combines aspects of history (especially Jewish history), Middle Eastern studies, Asian studies, Oriental studies, religious studies, archeology, sociology, languages (Jewish languages), political science, area studies, women's studies, and ethnic studies. Jewish studies as a distinct field is mainly present at colleges and universities in North America.

Related fields include Holocaust research and Israel studies, and in Israel, Jewish thought. Bar-Ilan University has the world's largest school of Jewish studies, while Harvard University was the first American university, and perhaps the first in the world, to appoint a full-time scholar of Judaica to its faculty.
John Glenn High School (Westland, Michigan)
John Glenn High School is a public high school in Westland, Michigan. It serves portions of Westland, Canton Township, Inkster, and Dearborn Heights. It is a part of the Wayne-Westland Community Schools district.

Canton, Michigan
Canton Township (commonly known simply as Canton) is a charter township in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A western suburb of Detroit, Canton is located roughly 23 miles (37.0 km) west of downtown Detroit, and 15 miles (24.1 km) east of Ann Arbor. As of the 2020 census, the township had a population of 98,659, making it Michigan's second most-populated township (after Clinton Township) and ninth most-populated municipality overall.

The township is ranked as the 96th highest-income place in the United States with a population of 50,000 or more, and is consistently ranked as one of the safest communities in the United States.
Student Seduction
Student Seduction is a 2003 television film directed by Peter Svatek and starring Elizabeth Berkley, Corey Sevier and Rick Roberts. It was produced by Lions Gate Entertainment's Lionsgate Television, filmed in Montréal, Québec, and premiered on Lifetime on May 5, 2003.

The film's working title was Inappropriate Behaviour.

Working title
A working title is a preliminary name for a product or project. The usage is especially common in film and TV, gaming, music and publishing. It is often styled in trade publications as (wt) and is synonymous with production title and tentative title.
Nathaniel Baker House
The Nathaniel Baker House is a historic house in Barnstable, Massachusetts.  The house was probably built about 1721, and is a well-preserved example of an early Georgian hip-roofed house.  It is also noted for its association with the locally prominent Baker family. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Barnstable, Massachusetts
Barnstable (/ˈbɑːrnstəbəl/ BARN-stə-bəl) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts and the county seat of Barnstable County. Barnstable is the largest community, both in land area and population, on Cape Cod, and is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalities that have been granted city forms of government by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts but wish to retain "the town of" in their official names. At the 2020 census it had a population of 48,916. The town contains several villages (one of which is also named Barnstable) within its boundaries. Its largest village, Hyannis, is the central business district of the Cape, and home to Barnstable Municipal Airport, the airline hub of Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Additionally, Barnstable is a 2007 winner of the All-America City Award.
Pollex Christi
Pollex Christi ("The Thumb of Christ") was the first of Ralph America's limited edition CDs by the Residents. It is thought to be a solo studio project by the band's keyboardist and main composer Hardy Fox. The 20-minute synthesizer piece is made up entirely of quoted material, mostly works by famous German composers, including Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and Orff's Carmina Burana, with a few American television show tunes added in.

The piece was purportedly composed by the friend and collaborator from their early years, N. Senada, and in some ways plays on classical themes the same way their 1976 album, Third Reich and Roll, did with 1960s top-40 music. Two editions were released of 400 copies each, the first issue being hand numbered.

Carmina Burana (Orff)
Carmina Burana is a cantata composed in 1935 and 1936 by Carl Orff, based on 24 poems from the medieval collection Carmina Burana. Its full Latin title is Carmina Burana: Cantiones profanae cantoribus et choris cantandae comitantibus instrumentis atque imaginibus magicis ("Songs of Beuern: Secular songs for singers and choruses to be sung together with instruments and magical images"). It was first performed by the Oper Frankfurt on 8 June 1937. It is part of Trionfi, a musical triptych that also includes Catulli Carmina and Trionfo di Afrodite. The first and last sections of the piece are called "Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi" ("Fortune, Empress of the World") and start with "O Fortuna".

The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Bavarian State Library, and was issued in a facsimile edition by Schott Music.
Vikström
Vikström is a surname of Swedish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

John Vikström (born 1931), Archbishop emeritus of Finland

Peter Vikström, wheelchair tennis player

Thomas Vikström (born 1969), Swedish vocalist

Thomas Vikström
Sven Erik Herman Thomas Vikström (born 21 January 1969) is a Swedish singer best known for working with hard rock and heavy metal bands including doom metal band Candlemass (during their initial final years, from 1991 to 1994) and power metallers Stormwind. He is the son of opera singer Sven-Erik Vikström. He is also a permanent vocalist for the symphonic metal band Therion.
Outline of Philadelphia
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Philadelphia:

Philadelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the second-largest city on the East Coast of the United States after New York City, and the fifth-most-populous city in the United States.

Philadelphia is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, and it is the only consolidated city-county in Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 1,526,006, growing to 1,547,607 in 2012 by Census estimates. Philadelphia is the economic and cultural center of the Delaware Valley, home to over 6 million people and the country's sixth-largest metropolitan area.

Philadelphia Police Department
The Philadelphia Police Department (PPD, Philly PD, or Philly Police) is the police agency responsible for law enforcement and investigations within the County and City of Philadelphia. The PPD is one of the oldest municipal police agencies, fourth-largest police force and sixth-largest non-federal law enforcement agency in the United States. Since records were first kept in 1828, at least 289 PPD officers have died in the line of duty.

The Philadelphia Police Department has a history of police brutality, intimidation, coercion, and disregard for constitutional rights, particularly during the tenure of Frank Rizzo as police commissioner (1967–1971) and mayor (1972–1980).  The patterns of police brutality were documented in a 1978 Pulitzer Prize–winning Philadelphia Inquirer series by William K. Marimow and Jon Neuman.
Brachauchenius
Brachauchenius (meaning 'short neck') is an extinct genus of pliosaurs that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what are now North America and North Africa. Only one species is known, B. lucasi, initially described by Samuel Wendell Williston in 1903 from a partial fossil skeleton discovered in a quarry in Kansas, United States. Many other fossil specimens attributed to the species were subsequently discovered, including an individual from Morocco whose presence was made official in 2016. Many contemporary pliosaur specimens were formerly attributed to Brachauchenius, but have since been reidentified as belonging to other genera or are recognized as indeterminate.

Turonian
The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.2 Ma and 89.8 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage.

At the beginning of the Turonian an oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event". Sea level fall took place in the latter part of the Turonian from the highstand at the beginning of the Turonian.
Darboux transformation
In mathematics, the Darboux transformation, named after Gaston Darboux (1842–1917), is a method of generating a new equation and its solution from the known ones. It is widely used in inverse scattering theory, in the theory of orthogonal polynomials, and as a way of constructing soliton solutions of the KdV hierarchy. From the operator-theoretic point of view, this method corresponds to the factorization of the initial second order differential operator into a product of first order differential expressions and subsequent exchange of these factors, and is thus sometimes called the single commutation method in mathematics literature. The Darboux transformation has applications in supersymmetric quantum mechanics.

Differential operator
In mathematics, a differential operator is an operator defined as a function of the differentiation operator. It is helpful, as a matter of notation first, to consider differentiation as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function (in the style of a higher-order function in computer science).

This article considers mainly linear differential operators, which are the most common type. However, non-linear differential operators also exist, such as the Schwarzian derivative.
Babar (Pashtun tribe)
Babar or Bāborī are a tribe of Pashtuns residing in Afghanistan as well as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan in Pakistan.

The Babar tribe residing east of the Takht-e-Sulaiman were exempt from paying tax during the reign of Timur Shah Durrani and Shah Zaman.

Timur Shah Durrani
Timur Shah Durrani (born Timur Khan Abdali; December 1746 – 20 May 1793) was the second ruler of the Afghan Durrani Empire, from November 1772 until his death in 1793. An ethnic Pashtun, he was the second eldest son of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Wólka Tanewska
Wólka Tanewska [ˈvulka taˈnɛfska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ulanów, within Nisko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

Wólka Tanewska is home to the football club Dolina-Tanew Wólka Tanewska.

Nisko County
Nisko County (Polish: powiat niżański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Nisko, which lies 57 kilometres (35 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów. The county also contains the towns of Rudnik nad Sanem, lying 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Nisko, and Ulanów, 11 km (7 mi) east of Nisko.

The county covers an area of 785.58 square kilometres (303.3 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 66,699, out of which the population of Nisko is 15,324, that of Rudnik nad Sanem is 6,710, that of Ulanów is 1,422, and the rural population is 43,243.
Metro Toronto Parks and Culture
Metro Toronto Parks and Culture was a department within the former regional municipality of Metropolitan Toronto.

The department was responsible for maintaining major parks and cultural sites around Metro Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Parks – now under Toronto Parks and Recreation

Morningside Park

Glen Rouge Park and stables

Humber Bay Park

Colonel Samuel Smith Park

Sunnybrook Park and stables

Toronto Islands and the Toronto Island ferries

Bluffers Park

Colonel Danforth Park

Lower Don Parkland / Don Valley Brickworks

Marie Curtis Park

Culture

O'Keefe Centre – now the Sony Centre for the Performing Arts

Metro Toronto Zoo – now Toronto Zoo

Black Creek Pioneer Village

Toronto Heritage

Exhibition Place – park used by the Canadian National Exhibition or "The Ex"

Museums other than the Royal Ontario Museum, Bata Shoe Museum

The Village at Black Creek
The Village at Black Creek, previously Black Creek Pioneer Village, and before that Dalziel Pioneer Park, is an open-air heritage museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The village is located in the North York district of Toronto, just west of York University and southeast of the Jane and Steeles intersection. It overlooks Black Creek, a tributary of the Humber River. The village is a recreation of life in 19th-century Ontario and gives an idea how rural Ontario might have looked in the early-to-mid-19th century. The village is a regular destination for field trips by schoolchildren from the Greater Toronto Area. It was opened in 1960 and is operated by the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.

Napier Simpson, a restoration architect in Ontario devoted his professional life to raising public awareness of the importance of heritage conservation including the Black Creek Pioneer Village project.
Muppets Most Wanted (soundtrack)
Muppets Most Wanted: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack is a soundtrack album released by Walt Disney Records on March 18, 2014, for the musical comedy film Muppets Most Wanted. The soundtrack features six original songs, two re-recordings of popular Muppet songs ("The Muppet Show Theme" and "Together Again"), three cover versions of existing songs (Allen Toussaint's "Working in the Coal Mine", Maroon 5 and Christina Aguilera's "Moves Like Jagger", and Los del Río's "Macarena (Bayside Boys Mix)"), an orchestral suite by Christophe Beck, five demos by Bret McKenzie, and eight dialogue tracks.

Songs not included in the album, but featured in the film include "Long Train Runnin'" by The Doobie Brothers, "End of the Road" by Boyz II Men and Marvin Hamlisch's "I Hope I Get It" (from A Chorus Line).

Allen Toussaint
Allen Richard Toussaint (/ˈtuːsɑːnt/; January 14, 1938 – November 10, 2015) was an American musician, songwriter, arranger, and record producer. He was an influential figure in New Orleans rhythm and blues from the 1950s to the end of the century, described as "one of popular music's great backroom figures." Many musicians recorded Toussaint's compositions. He was a producer for hundreds of recordings: the best known are "Right Place, Wrong Time", by longtime friend Dr. John, and "Lady Marmalade" by Labelle.
Hugh Moore (businessman)
Hugh Everett Moore (1887–1972) was an advertising expert and the founder and longtime president of the Dixie Cup Company, manufacturer of the disposable paper Dixie Cup. Inspired by William Vogt’s book Road to Survival, Moore started to work outside his business, using his fortune and expertise to support the development of transatlantic structures facilitating international peace and influence population discourse and policy for the primary purpose of decreasing the number of humans.

Road to Survival
Road to Survival is a 1948 book by William Vogt.  It was a major inspiration for a certain strand of modern environmentalism as well as for the revival of Malthusianism—the so-called neo-Malthusianism—in the post-war era.
Mayo Building (Rochester, Minnesota)
The Mayo Building is the main center of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. When the original 10-story Mayo Building was completed in 1955 by designers of Ellerbe & Co., it had been the largest construction project undertaken by Mayo. The Mayo Clinic features artwork by many famous artists such as Andy Warhol. Floors hold patient care offices as well administrative offices. The physical shape of each floor is that of a greek cross when viewed from above, though now that it has conjoined with the Gonda Building since 2001, the shape is not as recognizable.

Rochester, Minnesota
Rochester is a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States. It is the county seat. It is located along rolling bluffs on the Zumbro River's south fork in Southeast Minnesota. The population was 121,395 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 123,624 in 2024, making it the third-most populous city in Minnesota. The Rochester metropolitan area has an estimated 230,000 residents. The city is the home and birthplace of Mayo Clinic.

Rochester first developed as a stagecoach stop between Dubuque, Iowa, and Saint Paul, Minnesota. With the creation of the Mayo Clinic in 1864, Rochester became a national center for healthcare, as well as a hub for regional agriculture.  For higher education needs the University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester Community and Technical College, and Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine are located in the city.
Arinia dentifera
Arinia dentifera is a species of small land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod molluscs in the family Diplommatinidae. This species is endemic to Malaysia.  Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Diplommatinidae
Diplommatinidae is a family of small land snails, also known as staircase snails, with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks  in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea. The Cochlostomatinae Kobelt, 1902, were previously considered a subfamily of the Diplommatinidae, but are now known to be a separate family.
George Godsey
George Robert Godsey (born January 1, 1979) is an American football coach and former player who is the current offensive coordinator at Georgia Tech. He was formerly the tight ends coach for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as an assistant coach for the Miami Dolphins, Detroit Lions, Houston Texans and New England Patriots, and as the co-offensive coordinator and sole offensive coordinator for the Dolphins and Texans, respectively.

Godsey played college football as a quarterback for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, earning first-team All-American honors in 2000 and setting several school records. He played professionally for one season in the Arena Football League (AFL) before becoming a coach. He first coached at Central Florida and then the NFL's New England Patriots before joining the Texans, Lions, and Dolphins, all of whom were coached by former Belichick assistants: Bill O'Brien, Matt Patricia, and Brian Flores respectively.

Position coach
In American football, a position coach is a team official in charge of coaching a specific position group. Position coaches have more specialized duties than the head coach, associate and assistant coach, and the offensive and defensive coordinators.
Harry Hampton (cricketer)
Harry Hampton (1773 – 12 November 1845) was an English professional cricketer who played during the early 19th century.

Hampton was born in Surrey in 1773. He made his debut in 1800 for Surrey in 1800 and went on to make a total of six appearances in important matches, his last in 1811.

Hampton died at Peckham, then in Surrey, in 1845.

Surrey county cricket team (pre-1846)
Until 1845, the Surrey county cricket team, always known as Surrey, was organised by individual patrons and other groups, particularly Chertsey Cricket Club in the 18th century, and by Montpelier Cricket Club in the 19th. The team played important matches from the early 18th century until the formation of Surrey County Cricket Club on 22 August 1845.
Arden railway station, Scotland
Arden railway station was a station on the Slamannan Railway. The line connected mines and villages in the Central Scotland.

Opened by the Slamannan Railway, then joining the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, was absorbed into the North British Railway. It became part of the London and North Eastern Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The station was then closed by that company.

Railways Act 1921
The Railways Act 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5. c. 55), also known as the Grouping Act, was an act of Parliament enacted by the British government. It was intended to stem the losses being made by many of the country's 120 railway companies by "grouping" them into four large companies, dubbed the "Big Four". The system of the "Big Four" lasted until the nationalisation of the railways in 1947.

During World War I, the British government had taken control, although not ownership, of British railways. The intention behind the Act was to reduce inefficient internal competition between railway companies and retain some of the benefits which the country had derived from a government-controlled railway system during the war. The provisions of the act took effect from the start of 1923.
Erford Gage
Erford Holmes Gage (April 5, 1912 – March 17, 1945) was an American actor. After several years as a stage actor, he was active in RKO Pictures films between 1942 and 1944. In his movies, he often played shady characters or outright villains, most notably the sadistic Nazi Dr. Schmidt in Hitler's Children. In a different vein, he appeared as the no-nonsense Sgt. Burke in the two low-budget GI comedies starring the team of Brown and Carney.

Hitler's Children (1943 film)
Hitler's Children is a 1943 American black-and-white war film made by RKO Radio Pictures. The film stars Tim Holt, Bonita Granville and Kent Smith and was directed by Edward Dmytryk from an adaptation by Emmet Lavery of Gregor Ziemer's book Education for Death, which had previously been adapted as a Disney animated short film.

The film was among the most financially successful produced by RKO Studios. It is known for its portrayal of brutality associated with the Hitler Youth, represented particularly by two young participants.
Jesse Ray Sheps
Jesse Ray Sheps is an American actor, and musician. In 2018, Sheps gained wider recognition for his leading role in the movie All Square, the winner of the Best Narrative Film Award at SXSW, starring in the lead role opposite actors Michael Kelly and Pamela Adlon.

Sheps is the founder and President of the "Fire Island Film Festival", an annual international film festival that had its premiere event in August 2021. The film festival was hosted by Sheps and celebrated over 300 film submissions. It was also a fundraiser for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.

Sheps is also a published author in national news publications. This includes the Pulitzer Prize winning Gainesville Sun.

Collateral Beauty
Collateral Beauty is a 2016 American fantasy drama film directed by David Frankel and written by Allan Loeb. The film stars an ensemble cast of Will Smith, Edward Norton, Keira Knightley, Michael Peña, Naomie Harris, Jacob Latimore, Kate Winslet and Helen Mirren.

The story follows Howard Inlet, a successful New York advertising executive who suffers a great tragedy, and retreats from life where he seeks answers from the universe by writing letters to Love, Time, and Death. Receiving unexpected personal responses, he begins to see how these things interlock and how even loss can reveal moments of meaning and beauty.

Collateral Beauty premiered at the Dubai International Film Festival on December 13, 2016, and was released in the United States on December 16, 2016. It was panned by critics, but grossed $88 million worldwide against its net $36 million budget.