hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 113
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 113 (P. Oxy. 113 or P. Oxy. I 113) is a letter, written in Greek and discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. The document was written in the 2nd century. Currently it is housed in the Egyptian Museum (Cat. Gen. 10011) in Cairo, Egypt.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
David Graham (American poet)
David Graham is an American writer married to the artist Lee Shippey.  He has published six collections of poetry, as well as poetry and short stories in numerous literary magazines. Born and raised in Johnstown, New York, he has taught English at Ripon College in Ripon, Wisconsin since 1987, where he became full professor in 2001. In 1996 he was poet in residence at The Frost Place in Franconia, NH.

The Frost Place
The Frost Place is a museum and nonprofit educational center for poetry located at Robert Frost's former home on Ridge Road in Franconia, New Hampshire, United States. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
Von Wright brothers
The von Wright brothers were five Finnish brothers of whom three were noted artists - Magnus von Wright (1805–1868), Wilhelm von Wright (1810–1887) and Ferdinand von Wright (1822–1906). These ornithologists, scientists, nature illustrators and artists were born in Haminalahti near Kuopio in Finland. Magnus and Wilhelm von Wright began the illustrative work Svenska Fåglar ("Swedish birds") in August 1828. The work was financed by count Nils Bonde. The works was ready by 1838 and contains 178 lithographs.

Grey-headed woodpecker by Magnus von Wright

Eurasian golden oriole  by Magnus von Wright

Atlantic puffin by Wilhelm von Wright

Eurasian magpie by Wilhelm von Wright

The first surprise by Ferdinand von Wright

Western capercaillie by  Ferdinand von Wright

Cuckoo wrasse by Wilhelm von Wright

Western capercaillie
The western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), also known as the Eurasian capercaillie, wood grouse, heather cock, cock-of-the-woods, or simply capercaillie /ˌkæpərˈkeɪl(j)i/, is a heavy member of the grouse tribe and the largest of all extant grouse species. Found across Europe and the Palearctic, this primarily-ground-dwelling forest grouse is renowned for its courtship display. The bird shows extreme sexual dimorphism, with males nearly twice the size of females. The global population is listed as "least concern" under the IUCN, although the populations of central Europe are declining and fragmented, or possibly extirpated.

The western capercaillie is one of two living species under the genus Tetrao, which also includes the lesser-known black-billed capercaillie.
Chris Patrick (gridiron football)
Chris Patrick (born September 22, 1984) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers before being signed by the New York Giants as an undrafted free agent in 2007.

Patrick was also a member of the New England Patriots, Green Bay Packers, Detroit Lions, Philadelphia Eagles, Kansas City Chiefs, San Francisco 49ers, Edmonton Eskimos, Toronto Argonauts, Virginia Destroyers, and Saskatchewan Roughriders.

Virginia Destroyers
The Virginia Destroyers were a professional American football team based in Virginia Beach, Virginia. They began play in the United Football League (UFL) in the 2011 season. They played their home games at the Virginia Beach Sportsplex.

The team succeeded the Florida Tuskers, a charter UFL franchise based in Orlando, Florida, from 2009 to 2010. The Tuskers appeared in the first two UFL championship games, losing both to the Las Vegas Locomotives. In 2010, the league suspended the Tuskers' operations and moved the remnants of the team to Virginia Beach to assume the identity (and some executive staff) of a previously announced expansion team that was to begin play in 2011.

The Destroyers' business license expired on March 1, 2013; the team had effectively ceased operations several weeks earlier.
Peel Viking Sport
The Peel Viking Sport was a Mini-based car made by the Peel Engineering Company on the Isle of Man between 1966 and 1970. The 2+2 debuted at the 1966 Racing Car Show. Using moulded replicas of cut-down Mini doors, the glassfibre, monocoque, fastback styled bodyshell sold for 230 GBP and accepted standard Mini front and rear subframes on a square tube chassis.

After two prototypes, production was taken over by Bill Last who formed Viking Performance of Woodbridge, Suffolk to make it and the car was renamed the Viking Minisport. About 22 examples are thought to have been built before production ended in 1970. New evidence now proves Peel Engineering were still supplying Viking bodyshells to customers as late as December 1969.
Viking Performance became Trident Cars in 1967 producing the TVR based Clipper car.

Woodbridge, Suffolk
Woodbridge is a port town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) up the River Deben from the sea. It lies 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Ipswich and around 74 miles (119 km) north-east of London. In 2011 it had a population of 7,749.

The town is close to some major archaeological sites of the Anglo-Saxon period, including the Sutton Hoo burial ship. It is well known for its boating harbour and tide mill next to the River Deben, in the Suffolk & Essex Coast & Heaths National Landscape. Several festivals are held. As a "gem in Suffolk's crown" (according to The Suffolk Coast tourist site) it has been named the best place to live in the East of England.
Via Port Rotterdam
Via Port Rotterdam, formerly Rotterdam Square, is a shopping mall located in Rotterdam, New York, United States. When it opened, the mall was originally called Rotterdam Square and owned by Wilmorite Properties (who also owned Wilton Mall in Wilton) until 2005, when Wilmorite was acquired by The Macerich Company, who then took over ownership and management of most of their properties. The mall has an area of 900,000 square feet (84,000 m2) on one level with 36 stores, a 450-seat food court as well as restaurants, an aquarium, entertainment center, and a seven-screen Sony-Loews Cineplex, now operated by Zurich Cinemas (independent company). The mall was purchased by Kohan Retail Investment Group in January 2014, and was later sold to Via Properties in June 2015. In 2016, Via Properties renamed the mall Via Port Rotterdam.

Food court
A food court (in Asia-Pacific also called food hall or hawker centre) is generally an indoor plaza or common area within a facility that is contiguous with the counters of multiple food vendors and provides a common area for self-serve dining.

Food courts may be found in shopping malls, airports, and parks. In various regions (such as Asia, the Americas, and Africa), a food court may be a standalone development. In some places of learning such as high schools and universities, food courts have also come to replace or complement traditional cafeterias.
Nónfjall
Nónfjall is a 367-metre-high (1,204 ft) mountain on the island Vágar in the Faroe Islands. The mountain is located south of the village of Sørvágur, near Vágar Airport and east of the mountain Høgafjall. The name Nónfjall translates to 'Noon mountain'. However, the Faroese use the word noon differently from the current English usage. In the Faroese language noon refers to 15:00 in the 24-hour clock or 3pm in the 12-hour clock, whereas in the English language noon usually now refers to 12:00 or 12pm.

If you are standing in the centre of the old village in Sørvágur at 15:00 you will see the sun above Nónfjall. Hence the name.

Nónfjall lies above the valley of Kjóvadalur.

24-hour clock
The modern 24-hour clock is the convention of timekeeping in which the day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 hours. This is indicated by the hours (and minutes) passed since midnight, from 00(:00) to 23(:59), with 24(:00) as an option to indicate the end of the day. This system, as opposed to the 12-hour clock, is the most commonly used time notation in the world today, and is used by the international standard ISO 8601.

A number of countries, particularly English speaking, use the 12-hour clock, or a mixture of the 24- and 12-hour time systems. In countries where the 12-hour clock is dominant, some professions prefer to use the 24-hour clock. For example, in the practice of medicine, the 24-hour clock is generally used in documentation of care as it prevents any ambiguity as to when events occurred in a patient's medical history.
Serge Yoffou
Serge Yoffou (born 24 December 1971) is an Ivorian former professional footballer who played as a forward. He played in his country for Stella d'Adjamé and Stade d'Abidjan, in France for Dijon FCO and Paris FC, in Bulgaria for Dobrudzha Dobrich and Levski Sofia and in Switzerland for FC Baden, SR Delémont, FC Thun and CS Chênois. At International level, he made four appearances for the Ivory Coast national team scoring four goals.

Ivory Coast national football team
The Ivory Coast national football team (French: Équipe de football de Côte d'Ivoire, recognized as the Côte d'Ivoire by FIFA) represents Ivory Coast in men's international football. Nicknamed the Elephants, the team is managed by the Ivorian Football Federation (FIF). The team has won the Africa Cup of Nations three times, in 1992, 2015 and 2023, and has qualified for the FIFA World Cup four times, in 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2026.

Ivory Coast's home colours are all orange. Since 2020 their home games have been played at Alassane Ouattara Stadium, in Abidjan. Prior to this their home ground was Felix Houphouet Boigny Stadium, also in Abidjan. Didier Zokora holds the record for number of caps, with 123. The nation's leading goalscorer is Didier Drogba, who scored 65 goals for the Elephants in 105 appearances.
Graphium junodi
Graphium junodi, the Junod's swordtail, is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Mozambique and along the eastern border of Zimbabwe. The habitat consists of warm forests.

Guineo-Congolian region
The Guineo-Congolian region is a biogeographical region in Africa straddling the Equator and stretching from the Atlantic Ocean through the Congo Basin to the Congo / Nile divide in Rwanda and Burundi. Formerly, this region was largely covered in rain forest, on both well-drained sites and in swamp forests, but little undisturbed primary forest now remains, having been replaced in many areas by savanna and secondary-growth forest.
United Wholesale Mortgage
United Wholesale Mortgage (UWM), formerly United Shore Financial Services, is an American wholesale mortgage lender headquartered in Pontiac, Michigan. UWM underwrites loans for independent brokers, and as of 2024 is the largest mortgage lender in the United States.

Wholesale mortgage lenders
A wholesale mortgage lender is a bank or other lending institution that funds and sometimes services mortgage loans, but uses independent mortgage brokers for the initial interaction with the client, including the application process.
Molybdenum oxytetrachloride
Molybdenum oxytetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula MoOCl4. This thermally unstable, dark green solid is used to prepare other complexes of molybdenum. Its molecule adopts a square pyramidal molecular geometry of C4v symmetry. As for other Mo(VI) compounds, it is diamagnetic. It decomposes thermally to MoOCl3.

Thermal decomposition
Thermal decomposition, or thermolysis, is a chemical decomposition of a substance caused by heat. The decomposition temperature of a substance is the temperature at which the substance chemically decomposes. The reaction is usually endothermic  as heat is required to break chemical bonds in the compound undergoing decomposition. If decomposition is sufficiently exothermic, a positive feedback loop is created producing thermal runaway and possibly an explosion or other chemical reaction.
Dibble Glacier
Dibble Glacier in Antarctica is a prominent channel glacier flowing from the continental ice and terminating in a prominent tongue at the east side of Davis Bay. Primarily directed to the east of the Dibble Basin, the ice flow is fast, showing recent loss of ~2.4 Gt/year. The glacier connects to the Dibble Iceberg Tongue extending across the entire continental shelf, and holds ~12cm of sea-level equivalent.

Dibble glacier was delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47) and covers an area of ~36,500 km2. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Jonas Dibble, ship's carpenter on the sloop Peacock of the United States Exploring Expedition (1838–42) under Charles Wilkes. Dibble is credited with leaving his sick bed and working 24 hours without relief with other carpenters to repair a broken rudder on the Peacock, when the ship was partially crushed in an ice bay in 151°19′E and forced to retire northward.

Charles Wilkes
Charles Wilkes (April 3, 1798 – February 8, 1877) was an American naval officer, ship's captain, and explorer. He led the first United States Exploring Expedition (1838–1842). 
During the American Civil War (1861-1865), he commanded USS San Jacinto during the Trent Affair incident in which he stopped a British Royal Mail ship and forcibly removed two Confederate diplomats, almost leading to war between the United States and United Kingdom.
Île-de-France tramway Line 4
Île-de-France tramway Line 4, also called the T4, is an 13.3-kilometre (8.3 mi) long tram-train line in the Seine-Saint-Denis department of Île-de-France. The line starts at Aulnay-sous-Bois and features two branches, with the first running to Bondy (opened 20 November 2006) and the second running to Montfermeil (opened 14 December 2019 and 31 August 2020).

The line is operated by SNCF, which brands it as part of its Transilien network. The operation of line will become subject to a competitive bidding process in November 2029, which will be overseen by Île-de-France Mobilités.

It is the result of the transformation and installation of a double-track on the Bondy to Aulnay-sous-Bois line, or ligne des Coquetiers ("Egg Cup Line"), which opened in 1875. It thus became the first French tram-train line, an event whose true significance emerged during plans to expand it into a tramway and integrate it into the urban transport network.

Réseau Ferré de France
Réseau ferré de France (French pronunciation: [ʁezo fɛʁe də fʁɑ̃s], lit. 'French Rail Network', abbr. RFF) was a French company which owned and maintained the French national railway network from 1997 to 2014. The company was formed with the rail assets of SNCF in 1997. Afterwards, the trains were operated by the SNCF, the national railway company, but due to European Union Directive 91/440, the Government of France was required to separate train operations from the railway infrastructure. On 1 January 2015, RFF became SNCF Réseau, the operational assets of SNCF became SNCF Mobilités, and both groups were placed under the control of SNCF.

Unlike other infrastructure managers, RFF did not provide maintenance services or rail traffic control operations, which were both done by SNCF Infra on RFF's behalf. Furthermore, SNCF retained the ownership of stations. In September 2013, RFF had over €32 billion of debt.
Jason Stockwood, Baron Stockwood
Jason Stockwood, Baron Stockwood (born July 1970) is an English businessman who is joint majority shareholder and former chairman of Grimsby Town F.C.

Having graduated with a Bachelor of Philosophy (BPhil), he moved into the travel business and has previously held roles as the managing director of Travelocity, non-executive of Skyscanner and commercial roles with lastminute.com. He is also the former international managing director of dating website Match.com. In 2010 he joined Simply Business, a tech start up in financial services where he was group CEO.

He was the Labour Party candidate for the 2025 Greater Lincolnshire mayoral election. In September 2025, he was appointed to the British government as Minister of State for Investment, jointly serving in the Department of Business and Trade and HM Treasury. As it is convention that all ministers sit in one of the two Houses of Parliament, he received a life peerage to sit in the House of Lords.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
Peter Fincham
Peter Arthur Fincham (born 26 July 1956) is a British television producer and executive. From 2008 until 2016, he was the director of television for the ITV network. He was also formerly the controller of BBC One, the primary television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation, until his resignation on 5 October 2007, following criticism over the handling of the Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work debacle.

Jimmy Mulville
James Thomas Mulville (born 5 January 1955) is an English actor, comedian, comedy writer, producer and television presenter. He is best known for co-founding (in 1986) the British independent television production company Hat Trick Productions with Denise O'Donoghue and Rory McGrath (who left in 1992). In 2003, Mulville and O'Donoghue, as co-founders of Hat Trick, were listed in The Observer as two of the 50 funniest people in Britain.
NCAA Division II men's outdoor track and field championships
The NCAA Division II men's outdoor track and field championships (known as the NCAA College Division outdoor track and field championships between 1963 and 1972) are contested at an annual track meet hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate outdoor track and field among its Division II members in the United States and Canada. It has been held annually since 1963.

The most successful program has been Abilene Christian, with nineteen titles. After the Wildcats' departure to Division I, the active program with the most championships is St. Augustine's, with 16.

The four-time reigning champions are Pittsburg State, who won their fourth national title in 2025.

Pittsburg State Gorillas
The Pittsburg State Gorillas, commonly referred to as Pitt State, are the athletic teams that represent Pittsburg State University. They are in the NCAA Division II as a member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA). The Gorillas previously competed in the Central States Intercollegiate Conference (CSIC) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1976–77 to 1988–89; in the Great Plains Athletic Conference (GPAC) from 1972–73 to 1975–76; in the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference (RMAC) from 1968–69 to 1971–72; in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (CIC) from 1923–24 to 1967–68; and in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (KCAC) from 1902–03 to 1922–23.
Fort de la Fraternité
The Fort de la Fraternité (fort of brotherhood) is a fort located on the îlot du Diable in Roscanvel, France.  The whole complex is now in ruins, though a gunpowder magazine is still standing, with a roof of large rectangular tiles and elaborate guttering.

The fort was built in 1791 (around a gun battery built in 1695) as part of the defences around the goulet de Brest.  It was modified in the second half of the 19th century, though it was abandoned by the military in 1870 and turned into a storehouse for wood and lime (a lime kiln at the site dates to 1800, and a limestone seam on the site continued to be exploited until 1875).

A casemate was added by the Germans in 1942.

Lime kiln
A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called quicklime (calcium oxide). The chemical equation for this reaction is: CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2

This reaction can take place at anywhere above 840 °C (1,540 °F), but is generally considered to occur at 900 °C (1,650 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 1 atmosphere), but a temperature around 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 3.8 atmospheres) is usually used to make the reaction proceed quickly. Excessive temperature is avoided because it produces unreactive, "dead-burned" lime.

Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) can be formed by mixing quicklime with water.
Andrei Mishin
Andrey Alekseevich Mishin (born 18 September 1976) is a Russian former professional tennis player.

A Saint Petersburg native, Mishin has a background in the sport of figure skating. He was a figure skater in his younger years and is the son of Alexei Mishin, an Olympic figure skater who became a famous coach, tutoring the likes of Evgeni Plushenko. His brother, Nikolay, also played tennis professionally.

Mishin never competed on the international tennis tour, only featuring in events held in his home city. In 2004 he teamed up with Mikhail Elgin to win a Challenger doubles title in Saint Petersburg and two-months later the pair received a wildcard to compete at the St. Petersburg Open, an ATP Tour event.

Now working as a tennis coach, Mishin is married to one of his pupils, WTA Tour player Daria Mishina (née Mironova).

Alexei Mishin
Alexei Nikolayevich Mishin (Russian: Алексей Николаевич Мишин; born 8 March 1941) is a Russian figure skating coach and former pair skater. With partner Tamara Moskvina, he is the 1969 World silver medalist and Soviet national champion.

Mishin is based in Saint Petersburg at Yubileyny Sports Palace. His former students include Olympic champions Alexei Urmanov, Alexei Yagudin, and Evgeni Plushenko. Mishin also runs summer seminars. Among the skaters who have attended those are Stéphane Lambiel and Sarah Meier. He has authored several books on the biomechanics of figure skating.
Langeneß Wadden Sea Station
The Langeneß Wadden Sea Station (German: Wattenmeerhaus Langeneß) is an information centre on the island (Hallig) of  Langeneß in the German Wadden Sea. It is located in the biosphere reserve of the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea and Halligen. Since the station at Langeneß was founded, the house has been run by the Wadden Sea Conservation Station (Schutzstation Wattenmeer) and the World Wide Fund for Nature.

Wadden Sea Conservation Station
The Wadden Sea Conservation Station (German: Schutzstation Wattenmeer) is a non-profit NGO in North Germany. The organisation was founded in 1962 and, since then, has been one of the official NGO partners of the Wadden Sea National Parks. Today, the conservation group employs over 100 young people, both volunteers and paid workers, at its headquarters in Husum and the 17 stations on the westcoast of Schleswig-Holstein.

The main work of the organisation is running continuous monitoring programmes, such as bird-monitoring, monitoring of the tidal-influenced benthos and coastal-monitoring. Also, the station carries out a wide programme of guided tours, information evenings and other PR activities.

At Westerhever, at Hallig Hooge and at Hallig Langeneß, the stations run three training establishments. Since 2009, there has been a German Foundation "Stiftung Schutzstation Wattenmeer" which supports the everyday work of the organisation.