hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eugénie Foa
Eugénie Foa (Bordeaux, 1796 - Paris, 1852) was a French writer, at times using the nom de plume "Maria Fitzclarence."

Eugénie Foa (born Esther-Eugénie Rodrigues-Henriques) was by descent a Sephardi Jew of Portuguese-Jewish descent, her mother being a member of the Gradis family, and both parents being members of the Bordeaux Jewish community. On the death of her father in 1826, the family moved to Paris. Eugenie married young, but after leaving her husband Joseph Foa shortly after their wedding, she began to support herself by writing.

Her sister, Leonie, was the wife of composer Fromental Halévy and she is a cousin of Olinde Rodrigues.

History of the Jews in Portugal
The history of the Jews in Portugal reaches back over two thousand years and is directly related to Sephardi history, a Jewish ethnic division that represents communities that originated in the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain). In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Portuguese Jews emigrated to a number of European cities outside Portugal, where they established new Portuguese Jewish communities, including in Hamburg, Antwerp, and the Netherlands, which remained connected culturally and economically, in an international commercial network during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Ashleigh Fay Pittaway
Ashleigh Fay Pittaway (born 23 May 2000 in Munich) is a former German-British skeleton racer who competed on the Skeleton World Cup and Europe Cup circuits.  She started racing in 2011 in Germany while a student, and joined the national team in 2015.  Her personal coach was Danny Holdcroft, and she used a BlackRoc sled.  She won a gold medal in the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics in Lillehammer. She also made her World Cup debut in 2016, at Königssee, where she finished 15th. She retired from competitive racing in September 2021, ahead of the 2022 Winter Olympics.

2016 Winter Youth Olympics
The 2016 Winter Youth Olympics (Norwegian: Olympiske vinterleker for ungdom 2016; Nynorsk: Olympiske vinterleikane for ungdom 2016), officially known as the II Winter Youth Olympic Games, took place in and around Lillehammer, Norway, from 12 to 21 February 2016. They were the fourth Youth Olympic Games and the second winter edition. Lillehammer was awarded the games on 7 December 2011 as the only candidate. The games reused venues from the 1994 Winter Olympics; this made Lillehammer the first city to host both regular and Youth Olympics. In addition to Lillehammer Municipality, Olympic events were staged at venues in Hamar Municipality, Gjøvik Municipality and Øyer Municipality.
Edward Matthew Farrell
Edward Matthew Farrell (March 31, 1854 – August 6, 1931) was a Canadian printer, publisher, and politician from the province of Nova Scotia.

Born in Liverpool, Nova Scotia, the son of Patrick Farrell and Mary Ann (Shea) Farrell, Farrell was educated in public schools in Liverpool. From 1888 to 1896, he was the Chief Deputy Sheriff in Queens County, Nova Scotia. In 1896, he was acclaimed to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly for the electoral district of Queen's County. A Nova Scotia Liberal, he was re-elected in 1897, 1901, and 1906. From 1905 to 1910, he was the Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. A Roman Catholic, he was summoned to the Senate of Canada on the advice of Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier for the senatorial division of Liverpool, Nova Scotia. A Liberal, he served until his death in 1931.

Nova Scotia Liberal Party
The Nova Scotia Liberal Party (officially the Liberal Association of Nova Scotia) is a centrist provincial political party in Nova Scotia, Canada and the provincial section of the Liberal Party of Canada. The party currently holds two seats in the Legislature, under the interim leadership of Iain Rankin. The party was in power most recently from the 2013 election until the 2021 election.

The party is the only party in the province with uninterrupted presence in the legislature since confederation. It has formed the Government of Nova Scotia for 90 of the approximately 160 years since it became a province of Canada. It won 25 of the province's 42 elections, but was supplanted by the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party as the official opposition for three consecutive elections in 1999, 2003 and 2006, and again in the most recent election in 2024.
The Sowetan
The Sowetan is an English-language South African daily newspaper that started in 1981 as a liberation struggle newspaper and was freely distributed to households in the then apartheid-segregated township of Soweto, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province.

It is one of the largest national newspapers in South Africa. Regarded as having a left-leaning editorial tone, it carried a readership of almost 2 million and a circulation of 124,000 in 2006.

The newspaper is the property of a South African media company Arena Holdings (formerly Tiso Blackstar Group, Avusa, and Times Media Group). Before that, it belonged to Dr. Nthato Motlana (1925–30 November 2008), a prominent South African businessman, physician and anti-apartheid activist, who took a leading role in the formation of the New African Investments Limited (NAIL), which purchased The Sowetan following the apartheid.

Anti-Apartheid Movement
The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-white population who were oppressed by the policies of apartheid. The AAM changed its name to ACTSA: Action for Southern Africa in 1994, when South Africa achieved majority rule through free and fair elections, in which all races could vote.
FireDaemon
FireDaemon Pro is an operating system service management application. FireDaemon Pro allows users to install and run most standard Windows applications as a service. These include regular standard Windows executables as well as applications written in scripting languages such as Perl, Java, Python and Ruby. FireDaemon is popular amongst the online gaming community for running dedicated servers such as Minecraft, Rust, and America's Army.

It is possible to add services to Windows without FireDaemon Pro or use other free tools found in the Windows Resource Kits. However, setting up services manually can be complicated and error-prone as the Windows Registry needs to be edited directly. Windows services by default will generally be restarted after a minimum of 1 minute has passed. However, FireDaemon Pro proactively monitors the application and ensures an immediate restart. This can be critical when using server-based applications such as web servers, SFTP servers, etc.

Resource Kit
Resource Kit is a term used by Microsoft for a set of software resources and documentation released for their software products, but which is not part of that product. Resource kits offer supplementary resources such as technical guidance, compatibility and troubleshooting information, management, support, maintenance and deployment guides and multipurpose useful administrative utilities, which are available separately.
Community of Saint Martin
The Community of Saint Martin is a Catholic public clerical association of pontifical right, comprising priests and deacons. It was founded in 1976 by Fr Jean-François Guérin, a French priest from the Archdiocese of Tours, under the protection of the Italian cardinal Giuseppe Siri, Archbishop of Genoa. The community focuses on traditionalist liturgy, with its priests wearing cassocks and offering Novus Ordo Mass often in Latin, with Gregorian chant and facing ad orientem.

In 2023, the community included 185 priests and deacons and more than 100 seminarians. Priests of the community work in parishes, schools, nursing homes, chaplaincies, or sanctuaries in 30 dioceses in France, Germany, Austria, Cuba and Italy. The priests and deacons of the community are sent in groups of at least three to live and pray together in a spiritual and practical brotherhood.

Archdiocese of Genoa
The Archdiocese of Genoa (Latin: Archidioecesis Ianuensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. Erected in the 3rd century, it was elevated to an archdiocese on 20 March 1133. The archdiocese of Genoa was, in 1986, united with the Diocese of Bobbio-San Colombano, forming the Archdiocese of Genoa-Bobbio; however a split in 1989 renamed it the "Archdiocese of Genoa."

The Archdiocese of Genoa is a metropolitan archdiocese, the suffragan dioceses in its ecclesiastical province are the Diocese of Albenga-Imperia, Diocese of Chiavari, Diocese of La Spezia-Sarzana-Brugnato, Diocese of Savona-Noli, Diocese of Tortona, and Diocese of Ventimiglia-San Remo.
Bective, New South Wales
Bective is a locality in New South Wales, located on the Oxley Highway about 18 kilometres WNW of Tamworth.

The name originally appears at the name of a large pastoral property near the Peel River in the 1860s.  The name is derived from a town near Dublin,  or an abbey located there, or from Lord Bective, a notable British cabinet minister of the era whose title name derives from that place.

Oxley Highway
Oxley Highway is a rural highway in New South Wales, Australia, linking Nevertire, Gilgandra, Coonabarabran, Tamworth, and Walcha to Port Macquarie, on the coast of the Tasman Sea. It was named to commemorate John Oxley, the first European to explore much of inland New South Wales in 1818.
Nectogalini
Nectogalini is a tribe of Old World shrews within the family Soricidae.  As of late 2007, it consisted of six extant genera and 25 species, with some of the latter being further divided into subspecies. Some, but not all members of the tribe are semiaquatic.

Neomys
The genus Neomys is a group of four Eurasian water shrews from the subfamily Soricinae of the family Soricidae. These shrews are found in most of Europe and parts of northern Asia, as well as Turkey and Iran. Its member species are:

Eurasian water shrew (Neomys fodiens) — (Pennant, 1771)

Iberian water shrew (Neomys anomalus) — Cabrera, 1907

Mediterranean water shrew (Neomys milleri) — Mottaz, 1907

Transcaucasian water shrew (Neomys teres) — Miller, 1908
Chemama
Chemama is the name of the region along the Northern bank of the Senegal River, in Mauritania: a fertile band of land extending sixteen to thirty-two kilometers north of the river and containing alluvial soil. It is the only agricultural region in the country.

The Chemama region has a rainy season that stretches from May to September. The region's average annual precipitation ranges from 300 to 600 mm (12 to 24 inches) per year.

The population in this region is a potentially volatile mixture of ethnic Maures from the Mauritanian heartland and of Black African peoples linked to the nations to the south. The cities of Rosso and Kaedi are among the largest settlements.

During the colonial era, there would be periodic raids by Maures on the towns of the region. The region became the center of ethnic conflict once again during the late 1980s, with significant displacement of the black population into neighboring Senegal in 1989.

Mauritania–Senegal Border War
The Mauritania–Senegal Border War was a conflict fought between the West African countries of Mauritania and Senegal along their shared border from 1989 to 1991. The conflict began around disputes over the two countries' River Senegal border and grazing rights. The conflict resulted in the rupture of diplomatic relations between the two countries for several years, the creation of thousands of refugees from both sides, as well as having a significant impact on domestic Senegalese politics.

Ethnic tension, political/economic crises in Senegal, and competition for natural resources between the two nations were the main underlying causes of this conflict.
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: the Operation Reinhard Death Camps is a 1987 book by Israeli historian Yitzhak Arad which discusses Operation Reinhard and the extermination camps of Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka. It was published in Hebrew by Yad Vashem, and in English by Indiana University Press. In contrast to Raul Hilberg, Arad paid more attention to the Jewish response to persecution.

In 1999, Michael Berkowitz noted that "this book no longer represents the cutting edge of scholarship". As recently as 2019, the book is still being used as the basis of research on the Holocaust.

Indiana University Press
Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences. Its headquarters are located in Bloomington, Indiana. IU Press publishes approximately 100 new books annually, in addition to 38 academic journals, and maintains a current catalog comprising some 2,000 titles.

Indiana University Press primarily publishes in the following areas: African, African American, Asian, cultural, Jewish, Holocaust, Middle Eastern studies, Russian and Eastern European, and women's and gender studies; anthropology, film studies, folklore, history, bioethics, music, paleontology, philanthropy, philosophy, and religion. IU Press undertakes extensive regional publishing under its Quarry Books imprint.
2012 Intersport Heilbronn Open – Doubles
Jamie Delgado and Jonathan Marray were the defending champions, but both players chose not to participate.

Johan Brunström and Frederik Nielsen won the title, defeating Treat Conrad Huey and Dominic Inglot in the final 6–3, 3–6, [10–6].

Dominic Inglot
Dominic Inglot (/ˈɪŋɡlɒt/ ING-glot; born 6 March 1986) is a British former professional tennis player who was a doubles specialist. He made the final of twenty seven ATP World Tour events, winning fourteen, including the Citi Open and Swiss Indoors partnering Treat Huey and Franko Škugor, and also made the final of nine ATP Challenger Tour events winning six of them. He was a former British No. 1 in doubles. Also known as 'Dom the Bomb' due to his menacing serve.

Inglot made his debut in the Great Britain Davis Cup squad for the 2014 World Group first round tie against the United States. Inglot also played in the 2015 Davis Cup first round tie against the United States, and joined the team for the Final against Belgium, Great Britain winning the Davis Cup in 2015, the nation's first success in the tournament for 79 years. The Davis Cup team was awarded the 2015 BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award.
Hector Stoddart
Hector George Stoddart (15 February 1905 – 3 May 1964) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Collingwood to furrier Robert Patterson Stoddart and Mary Rosina Geddes. He took a commission in the Australian Military Forces from 1926 to 1929 and subsequently worked as a fitter for the State Electricity Commission at Yallourn. On 18 September 1934 he married Edith Grace Hill; they had three children. From 1947 he worked as a real estate agent at Moe. In 1952 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Gippsland North. His seat was abolished in 1955 and he was defeated running for Morwell. He had served on Narracan Shire Council from 1949 to 1955 and from 1955 to 1964 was on Moe Borough Council, serving as mayor from 1956 to 1957 and from 1961 to 1962. Stoddart died at Yallourn in 1964.

Shire of Narracan
The Shire of Narracan was a local government area about 120 kilometres (75 mi) east-southeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of 2,300 square kilometres (888.0 sq mi), and existed from 1878 until 1994.
Purple Pyramid Records
Purple Pyramid Records is a sub-label to Cleopatra Records that focuses on progressive rock and psychedelic music. The label began in 2000 with a series of releases by guitarist Allan Holdsworth, Jon Anderson, and Hawkwind co-founder Nik Turner. The label expanded its roster with releases by Yes, Rick Wakeman, Steve Howe, Santana, Amon Düül II, Nektar, Brainticket, Tangerine Dream, Alan Davey, L. Shankar, and Quicksilver Messenger Service as well as projects by producer Billy Sherwood dubbed The Prog Collective, (featuring members of Asia, King Crimson, Mahavishnu Orchestra, and Gong), and The Fusion Syndicate (featuring Rick Wakeman, Steve Stevens, Billy Cobham, and Steve Morse).

Brainticket
Brainticket was an experimental European band most active in the early 1970s, and known for its use of exotic instruments and jazz-inspired compositions.  The only constant member was Belgian musician Joel Vandroogenbroeck until his death in 2019.  The band continued to perform concerts and release albums in the 2000s.
Albert D. Shaw
Albert Duane Shaw (December 21, 1841 – February 10, 1901) was an American government official and politician from New York.  A Union Army veteran of the American Civil War, he was most notable for his service as commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic and a U.S. representative from New York's 24th congressional district.

Enrollment Act
The Enrollment Act of 1863 (12 Stat. 731, enacted March 3, 1863) also known as the Civil War Military Draft Act, was an Act passed by the United States Congress during the American Civil War to provide fresh manpower for the Union Army. The Act was the first genuine national conscription law. The law required the enrollment of every male citizen and those immigrants who had filed for citizenship, between 20 and 45 years of age, unless exempted by the Act. The Act replaced the Militia Act of 1862.

It set up under the Union Army an elaborate machine for enrolling and drafting men for conscription. Quotas were assigned in each state, and each congressional district, with deficiencies in volunteers being met by conscription.

In several cities, including New York City, enforcement of the act sparked civil unrest as the war dragged on, leading to the New York City draft riots on July 13–16, 1863.
Santa Catalina National Forest
Santa Catalina National Forest was established as the Santa Catalina Forest Reserve by the United States General Land Office in Arizona on July 2, 1902 with 155,520 acres (629.4 km2). After the transfer of federal forests to the U.S. Forest Service in 1905, it became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908 it was combined with Dragoon National Forest and Santa Rita National Forest to create Coronado National Forest and the name was discontinued.

The Santa Catalina Mountains are located northeast of Tucson and are part of the Santa Catalina Ranger District of Coronado National Forest.

National forest (United States)
In the United States, national forest is a classification of protected and managed federal lands that are largely forest and woodland areas. They are owned collectively by the American people through the federal government and managed by the United States Forest Service, a division of the United States Department of Agriculture. The U.S. Forest Service is also a forestry research organization that provides financial assistance to the state and local forestry industry. There are 154 national forests in the United States.
Flotilla Service Act of 1814
Flotilla Service Act was a United States federal statute passed on April 16, 1814 preceding the British Royal Navy blockade of the New England Colonies commencing on April 25, 1814. The public law established a temporary Mid-Atlantic naval auxiliary service for amphibious operations orchestrated by the Chesapeake Colonies during the War of 1812. The Chesapeake Bay Flotilla conducted amphibious maneuvers in low-level tidal creeks seeking to deter the territorial headway of the British Royal Navy offensive into the Chesapeake Bay tributaries. The Act of Congress authorized appropriations for the federal law in response to the foreseeable onslaught by the British Army redcoats arson offensive on August 24, 1814 at Washington City better known as the Burning of Washington.

Tidal creek
A tidal creek or tidal channel is a narrow inlet or estuary that is affected by the ebb and flow of ocean tides. Thus, it has variable salinity and electrical conductivity over the tidal cycle, and flushes salts from inland soils. Tidal creeks are characterized by slow water velocity, resulting in buildup of fine, organic sediment in wetlands. Creeks may often be a dry to muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but with significant depth of water at high tide. Due to the temporal variability of water quality parameters within the tidally influenced zone, there are unique biota associated with tidal creeks which are often specialised to such zones. Nutrients and organic matter are delivered downstream to habitats normally lacking these, while the creeks also provide access to inland habitat for salt-water organisms.
Parson's Barn
Parson's Barn is a large sea-level cavern below the Ballard Point cliffs, between Studland and Swanage bays in the English Channel. Ballard Point is the  headland of the Ballard Downs, an area of chalk downland, on the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, southern England.

Parson's Barn lies directly east of Studland, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Swanage, and a few hundred metres south of Handfast Point and the Old Harry Rocks. Parson's Barn is the largest of several arches and caverns in this location and is 12 metres high at its mouth.

The cavern was once used as a smugglers' cave. A large section has collapsed since then and has been eroded away by the sea. Now only a few chalk stacks, called the Pinnacles, remain.

Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed under the sea by the accumulation and lithification of hard parts of organisms, mostly microscopic plankton, which had settled to the sea floor. Chalk is common throughout Western Europe, where deposits underlie parts of France, and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel.

Chalk is mined for use in industry, such as for quicklime, bricks and builder's putty, and in agriculture, for raising pH in soils with high acidity. It is also used for "blackboard chalk" for writing and drawing on various types of surfaces, although these can also be manufactured from other carbonate-based minerals, or gypsum.
Hivinau
The hivinau is a dance from Tahiti where the dancers turn in pairs around the orchestra. It is often either the first or the last dance of a dance festival or used as a transition between two dances.

Although an old dance, it is not traditional, the name hivinau probably derived from a yell by the officers of any passing European ship: "Heave now!", and the subsequent turning of the wheel with anchor chain by the crew.

The dance has two circles, one of men, another of women, turning around the centre axis where the orchestra sits, as whether the anchor is to be heaved. Every time a male and female dancer meet each other, they turn to each other, yell: "Hiri, haʻa, haʻa" and may perform some knee or hip shakes respectively.

Anchor
An anchor is a device, normally made of metal, used to secure a vessel to the bed of a body of water to prevent the craft from drifting due to wind or current. The word derives from Latin ancora, which itself comes from the Greek ἄγκυρα (ankȳra).

Anchors can either be temporary or permanent. Permanent anchors are used in the creation of a mooring, and are rarely moved; a specialist service is normally needed to move or maintain them. Vessels carry one or more temporary anchors, which may be of different designs and weights.

A sea anchor is a drag device, not in contact with the seabed, used to minimize drift of a vessel relative to the water. A drogue is a drag device used to slow or help steer a vessel running before a storm in a following or overtaking sea, or when crossing a bar in a breaking sea.