hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hekla
Hekla (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhɛhkla] ⓘ), or Hecla, is an active stratovolcano in the south of Iceland with a height of 1,491 m (4,892 ft). Hekla is one of Iceland's most active volcanoes; over 20 eruptions have occurred in and around the volcano since the year 1210. During the Middle Ages, the Icelandic Norse called the volcano the "Gateway to Hell" and the idea spread over much of Europe.

The volcano's frequent large and often initially explosive eruptions have covered much of Iceland with tephra, and these layers can be used to date eruptions of Iceland's other volcanoes. Approximately 10% of the tephra created in Iceland in the last thousand years has come from Hekla, amounting to 5 km3 (1.2 cu mi). Cumulatively, the volcano has produced one of the largest volumes of lava of any in the world in the last millennium, around 8 km3 (1.9 cu mi).

Tephra
Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism.

Volcanologists also refer to airborne fragments as pyroclasts. Once clasts have fallen to the ground, they remain as tephra unless hot enough to fuse into pyroclastic rock or tuff. When a volcano explodes, it releases a variety of tephra including ash, cinders, and blocks. These layers settle on the land and, over time, sedimentation occurs incorporating these tephra layers into the geologic record.

Tephrochronology is a geochronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephra—volcanic ash from a single eruption—to create a chronological framework in which paleoenvironmental or archaeological records can be placed. Often, when a volcano explodes, biological organisms are killed and their remains are buried within the tephra layer. These fossils are later dated by scientists to determine the age of the fossil and its place within the geologic record.
Andrea Gallo
Don Andrea Gallo (18 July 1928 – 22 May 2013) was an Italian presbyter. He was the founder and leader of the Community of San Benedetto al Porto. He often called himself a "priest of the sidewalk", referring to his activity of helping poor and needy people.

Presbyter
Presbyter (/ˈprɛzbɪtər/) is an honorific title for Christian clergy. The word derives from the Greek presbyteros, which means elder or senior, although many in Christian antiquity understood presbyteros to refer to the bishop functioning as overseer. The word presbyter is used many times in the New Testament, referring both to the Jewish leadership and the "tradition of the elders", and to the leaders of the early Christian community.

In modern Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican usage, presbyter is distinct from bishop: in Roman Catholicism it means Catholic priest. In other Protestant usage, for example, Methodism, presbyter does not refer to a member of a distinctive priesthood called priests but rather to a minister, pastor, or elder.
ISO 3166-2:CU
ISO 3166-2:CU is the entry for Cuba in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Cuba, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 15 provinces and one special municipality. The special municipality, Isla de la Juventud, is not part of any province and administered directly by the central government.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is CU, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Cuba. The second part is two digits:

01, 03–16: provinces

99: special municipality

The code CU-02 was assigned to La Habana Province as it existed from 1976 through 2010; it was split into Artemisa and Mayabeque as of January 1, 2011. The codes for the original 14 provinces were assigned roughly from west to east.

Province
A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman provincia, which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city".

While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Turkey. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.
1980–81 Iraq FA Cup
The 1980–81 Iraq FA Cup was the fifth edition of the Iraq FA Cup as a club competition. The tournament was won by Al-Zawraa for the third time, beating 1980–81 Iraqi National League champions Al-Talaba 1–0 in the final with a goal from Thamir Yousef. Al-Zawraa's previous results in the tournament included a 3–0 win over Al-Najaf a 1–0 win over Al-Shabab and a 2–0 win over Al-Amana. Al-Talaba's previous results were a 6–5 penalty shootout win over Al-Shorta, a 2–0 win over Al-Ittihad and a 1–0 win over Al-Minaa.

1980–81 Iraqi National League
The 1980–81 Iraqi National Clubs First Division League was the 7th season of the competition since its foundation in 1974. The competition was originally meant to be held in a double round-robin format, but was later changed to a single round-robin tournament due to the Iran–Iraq War. Al-Talaba won the league title for the first time in their history.

Al-Shorta defeated Al-Zawraa 3–0 on the final day of the season on 19 May to move level with Al-Talaba on both points and goal difference. The next tiebreaker was number of wins, and therefore Al-Talaba were crowned champions having won two more matches than Al-Shorta.
Ed Yardeni
Edward Yardeni (born March 15, 1950) is an Israeli-born American economist and the president of Yardeni Research, which offers economic research and recommendations to clients. He is also the former chief economist for EF Hutton, Prudential Securities, and C. J. Lawrence.

Yardeni is known for coining the "Fed model", a disputed theory of equity valuation, as well as the term "bond vigilante". He generally predicts a positive market trend for the stock market, although his predictions in 1999 of disruptions due to the Year 2000 problem were incorrect.

Market trend
A market trend is a perceived tendency of the financial markets to move in a particular direction over time. Analysts classify these trends as secular for long time-frames, primary for medium time-frames, and secondary for short time-frames. Traders attempt to identify market trends using technical analysis, a framework which characterizes market trends as predictable price tendencies within the market when price reaches support and resistance levels, varying over time.

A future market trend can only be determined in hindsight, since at any time prices in the future are not known. This fact makes market timing inherently a game of educated guessing rather than a certainty. Past trends are identified by drawing lines, known as trendlines, that connect price action making higher highs and higher lows for an uptrend, or lower lows and lower highs for a downtrend.
Steve Mills (juggler)
Steve Mills (September 16, 1957 – June 3, 2023) was an American juggler and unicyclist from Morristown, New Jersey. He was the inventor of the "Mills' Mess" juggling pattern. Mills was taught to juggle by Ron Graham, a juggler and mathematician.

Juggling
Juggling is a physical skill, performed by a juggler, involving the manipulation of objects for recreation, entertainment, art or sport. The most recognizable form of juggling is toss juggling. Juggling can be the manipulation of one object or many objects at the same time, most often using one or two hands but other body parts as well, like feet or head. Jugglers often refer to the objects they juggle as props. The most common props are balls, clubs, or rings. Some jugglers use more dramatic objects such as knives, fire torches or chainsaws. The term juggling can also commonly refer to other prop-based manipulation skills, such as diabolo, plate spinning, devil sticks, poi, cigar boxes, contact juggling, hooping, yo-yo, hat manipulation and kick-ups.
Freestyle skiing at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
Freestyle skiing at the 2003 Asian Winter Games took place in the Ajigasawa Ski Area located in the town of Ajigasawa, Aomori Prefecture, Japan with two events contested — one each for men and women. This was the second time that freestyle skiing events were included in the official Winter Asiad program; the first time was in the 1999 Harbin Winter Asiad which included only aerial events.

1999 Asian Winter Games
The 4th Asian Winter Games (Korean: 제 4 회 동계 아시안 게임, romanized: je 4 hoe dong-gye asian geim), also known as Kangwon 1999 (Korean: 강원1999), were held from January 30 to February 6, 1999, in the province of Kangwon (now Gangwon), South Korea. The games were staged in three different clusters in the province which were Yongpyong, Kangnung (Gangneung) and Chunchon (Chuncheon). The name Yongpyong was derived from the Yongpyong Resort.

On December 2, 1993, the Olympic Council of Asia announced that South Korea would host the 4th Asian Winter Games in 1999. South Korea initially aimed to host the previous games in 1996 but lost the voting process and awarded the 1999 edition instead.
Subterranean Press
Subterranean Press is a small press publisher in Burton, Michigan. Subterranean is best known for publishing genre fiction, primarily horror, suspense and dark mystery, fantasy, and science fiction. In addition to publishing novels, short story collections and chapbooks, Subterranean also produced a quarterly publication called Subterranean Magazine from 2005 to 2014, specialising in short fiction and edited by William Schafer; it had also an online direct seller. In addition to trade editions, the company produces collector's and limited editions. These books are issued with author signatures, in both numbered and lettered states, and are produced using high-grade book papers and bindings with matching slipcases and traycases.

Subterranean Press won the 2025 Locus Award for Best Publisher.

Burton, Michigan
Burton is a city in Genesee County, Michigan, United States and a suburb of Flint. The population was 29,715 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 29,420 in 2024. making Burton the second largest city in Genesee County.
Mervyn Matthews
William Haydn Mervyn Matthews (July 25, 1932 – November 26, 2017) was a British expert on Soviet society, writer, and broadcaster.

He was born in Swansea and his early years are described in his 2002 memoir Mervyn's Lot. He took a degree in Russian at Manchester University, then moved to  St Catherine's College, Oxford, then St Antony's College for work on his Ph.D.

The story of his love with his future wife from the Soviet Union (see "Family") cost him carrier.   He was accepted as a research fellow at Moscow University, but expelled from the Soviet Union in 1964 for "anti-Soviet propaganda and speculation". St Antony's College annulled his research fellowship for political troublemaking, after which he moved to the University of Nottingham.
He eventually settled as reader in the University of Surrey's linguistic and regional studies department.

Anti-Soviet agitation
Anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda (ASA) (Russian: антисове́тская агита́ция и пропага́нда, АСА) was a criminal offence in the Soviet Union. Initially, the term was interchangeably used with counter-revolutionary agitation. The latter term was in use immediately after the October Revolution of 1917. The offence was codified in criminal law in the 1920s, and revised in the 1950s in two articles of the Russian SFSR Criminal Code. The offence was widely used against Soviet dissidents.
Cotton Street, Shreveport, Louisiana
LGBTQ portal

Cotton Street runs along the south side of Downtown Shreveport. One of the oldest gay bars in Louisiana, the Korner Lounge, has been continuously operating since the late 1930s at the corner of Cotton and Louisiana Avenue. On Marshall Street near the terminus of Cotton Street is the largest of Shreveport's gay and lesbian bars, Central Station. This club is located in the Central Railroad Station of Shreveport, built in 1909, and features a country and western bar, a dance club, a video bar, and a drag queen showroom upstairs.

Downtown
Downtown is a term primarily used in American and Canadian English to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district (CBD). It may also be a center for shopping and entertainment. Downtowns typically contain a small percentage of a city's employment but are concentrated in services, including high-end services (office or white-collar jobs). Sometimes, smaller downtowns include lower population densities and lower incomes than nearby suburbs. It is often distinguished as a hub of public transit and culture.
Siate Tokolahi
Siate Tokolahi (born 16 March 1992) is a Tongan rugby union player who played as a prop for Canterbury and Southland in New Zealand's domestic Mitre 10 Cup and the Chiefs and Highlanders in the international Super Rugby competition.

Southland (National Provincial Championship)
Southland (often known as the Southland Stags) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Invercargill, New Zealand. The union was originally established in 1887, with the National Provincial Championship established in 1976. They now play in the reformed National Provincial Championship competition. They play their home games at Rugby Park Stadium in Invercargill in the Southland region. The team is affiliated with the Highlanders Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are maroon and gold.
Karpaty Stadium
Karpaty Stadium (Ukrainian: Стадіон Карпати) is a football stadium in Khust, Ukraine. It is the home stadium of FC Khust.

Stadium was opened in 1982 as Avanhard and holds 5,200 spectators. It was used as home stadium by Fetrovyk Khust during the 1993–95 seasons in Ukrainian Third league. On 28 May 2003 stadium was reorganized into a municipal enterprise, run by the Khust city council. On 20 October 2019 stadium reopened after three year renovation.

Khust
Khust is a city located on the Khustets River in Zakarpattia Oblast, western Ukraine. It is near the сonfluence of the Tisa and Rika Rivers. It serves as the administrative center of Khust Raion. Population: 28,039 (2022 estimate).

Khust was the capital of the short-lived republic of Carpatho-Ukraine.
Buddleja rufescens
Buddleja rufescens is endemic to western Peru from Piura to Ica where it grows along roadsides, dry river courses, and in remnants of scrubby woodland from sea level to 2,000 m. The species was first named and described by Willdenow in 1827.

Carl Ludwig Willdenow
Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist.  He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants.  Willdenow was also a mentor of Alexander von Humboldt, one of the earliest and best known phytogeographers. He also influenced Christian Konrad Sprengel, who pioneered the study of plant pollination and floral biology.
Druid (video game)
Druid is a hack and slash dungeon crawl developed by Electralyte Software and published by Firebird in 1986 for the Atari 8-bit computers, and Commodore 64. It was also ported to Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum, and by Nippon Dexter in 1988 for the MSX, although the MSX port was released in Japan only. Another Japanese port of Druid entitled Druid: Kyōfu no Tobira (ドルイド　恐怖の扉) was made for the Famicom Disk System by Jaleco in 1988. The game was followed by Druid II: Enlightenment and Warlock: The Avenger.

Dungeon crawl
A dungeon crawl is a type of scenario in fantasy role-playing games (RPGs) in which heroes navigate a labyrinth environment (a "dungeon"), battling various monsters, avoiding traps, solving puzzles, and looting any treasure they may find. Video games and board games which predominantly feature dungeon crawl elements are considered to be a genre.
St Doulagh's Church
St Doulagh's Church (Irish: Clochar Dúiligh) is the oldest stone-roofed church still in use in Ireland. It is situated approximately 10 kilometres from Dublin city, just north of the hamlet of Balgriffin, within Fingal and in the traditional County Dublin, and is marked as "St Doulagh's Church, Balgriffin". Its complex also comprises an octagonal baptistry built over a holy well - Ireland's only surviving standalone baptistry - and a stone housing over a pool. St Doulagh's is one of the two churches in the Church of Ireland "United Parishes of Malahide, Portmarnock and St Doulagh's.

Malahide
Malahide (/ˈmæləhaɪd/ MAL-ə-hyde; Irish: Mullach Íde, meaning 'possibly "the [sand]hill of Íde"') is an affluent coastal settlement in Fingal, County Dublin, Ireland, situated 14 kilometres (9 miles) north of Dublin city. It has a village centre surrounded by suburban housing estates, with a population of 18,608 as per the 2022 census.

Malahide Castle dates from the 12th century and is surrounded by a large park, part of which incorporates an international cricket ground. The area also features a sandy beach, a marina, a parkrun and a number of sporting clubs.
Sixth Belgian state reform
The sixth state reform in the federal kingdom of Belgium is the result after the 2010–2011 Belgian government formation, with 541 days of negotiations, the longest ever in Belgium and possibly the world. The agreement was made among the Christian democratic CD&V and cdH, social democratic sp.a and PS, liberal Open Vld and MR and ecologist Groen! and Ecolo, each respectively a Flemish and French-speaking party. The first six parties, therefore not including the green parties, then formed the Di Rupo I Government. The Flemish nationalist party New Flemish Alliance, which became the largest after the 2010 elections, was notably not part of the agreement nor of the government coalition.

It is also called Butterfly Agreement (Dutch: Vlinderakkoord; French: Accord papillon), referring to the bow tie which Elio Di Rupo nearly always wears.

2010 Belgian federal election
Federal elections were held in Belgium on 13 June 2010, during the midst of the 2007-11 Belgian political crisis. After the fall of the previous Leterme II Government over the withdrawal of Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats (Open VLD) from the government the King dissolved the legislature and called new elections. The New Flemish Alliance, led by Bart De Wever, emerged as the plurality party with 27 seats, just one more than the francophone Socialist Party, led by Elio Di Rupo, which was the largest party in the Wallonia region and Brussels. It took a world record 541 days until a government was formed, resulting in a government led by Di Rupo.

Yves Leterme served as the caretaker prime minister of the country for the period that it had no official government.
Planeta Rica
Planeta Rica is a town and municipality located in the Córdoba Department, northern Colombia.

According to 2020 estimates, the population of Planeta Rica was 64,776, with a population density of 57 persons per square kilometer.

Córdoba Department
Córdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa], Spanish: Departamento de Córdoba) is a Department of the Republic of Colombia located to the north of this country in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Córdoba faces to the north with the Caribbean Sea, to the northeast with the Sucre Department, east with the Bolívar Department and south with the Antioquia Department. As of 2018, the population of Córdoba was estimated to be 1,784,783. Its capital is the city of Montería.
Fernando de Mascarenhas
Fernando de Mascarenhas, 1st Count of Torre (c. 1610 – 9 August 1651) was a Portuguese military and colonial administrator who held the position of governor-general of Brazil from 20 January 1639 to 20 November 1639, appointed by King Philip III.

Philip IV of Spain
Philip IV (Spanish: Felipe Domingo Victor de la Cruz de Austria y Austria, Portuguese: Filipe III; 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665), also called the Planet King (Spanish: Rey Planeta), was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and (as Philip III) King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule over Spain during the Thirty Years' War.

By the time of his death, the Spanish Empire had reached approximately 12.2 million square kilometres (4.7 million square miles) in area, the largest empire in the world, but in other aspects was in decline, a process to which Philip contributed with his inability to achieve successful domestic and military reform. He was succeeded on his death by his young son Charles II as King of Spain and in 1640 (with the collapse of the Iberian Union) by John IV as King of Portugal.
Peter Michael Gish
Peter Michael Gish (1926–2024) was an American combat artist, painter, aviator, and academic. He served as a United States Marine Corps officer and was noted for his contributions to military art, painting and art education. Over his career, Gish participated in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and post-retirement humanitarian missions in Iraq and Somalia. He was a tenured professor of fine arts at Fairfield University and an alumnus of Dartmouth College and Yale University.

Visual arts education
Visual arts education is the area of learning that is based upon the kind of art that one can see, visual arts—drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, and design in jewelry, pottery, weaving, fabrics, etc. and design applied to more practical fields such as commercial graphics and home furnishings. Contemporary topics include photography, video, film, design, and computer art. Art education may focus on students creating art, on learning to criticize or appreciate art, or some combination of the two.
Danheiser annulation
The Danheiser annulation or Danheiser TMS-cyclopentene annulation is an organic reaction of an α,β-unsaturated ketone and a trialkylsilylallene (e.g., trimethylsilyl- or triisopropylsilyl-) in the presence of a Lewis Acid to give a trialkylsilylcyclopentene in a regiocontrolled annulation.

Allenes
In organic chemistry, allenes are organic compounds in which one carbon atom has double bonds with each of its two adjacent carbon atoms (R2C=C=CR2, where R is H or some organyl group). Allenes are classified as cumulated dienes. The parent compound of this class is propadiene (H2C=C=CH2), which is itself also called allene. A group of the structure R2C=C=CR− is called allenyl, while a substituent attached to an allene is referred to as an allenic substituent (R is H or some alkyl group). In analogy to allylic and propargylic, a substituent attached to a saturated carbon α (i.e., directly adjacent) to an allene is referred to as an allenylic substituent.  While allenes have two consecutive ('cumulated') double bonds, compounds with three or more cumulated double bonds are called cumulenes.
Sirsha Ray
Sirsha Ray is an Indian cinematographer who works in Bengali, Hindi, Telugu and Tamil films. He collaborated with Aparna Sen, Kaushik Ganguly, Srijit Mukherji, Sujoy Ghosh, Suman Mukhopadhyay, Churni Ganguly and Raj Chakraborty. Some of his notable works include A Death in the Gunj, Nirbashito, Arshinagar, Shabdo, Maati and Rocketry: The Nambi Effect.

Sujoy Ghosh
Sujoy Ghosh (born 21 May 1966) is an Indian film director, actor, producer, and screenwriter who works in Hindi films. He has directed Jhankaar Beats (2003), Home Delivery: Aapko... Ghar Tak (2005), Aladin (2009), Kahaani (2012), Kahaani 2 (2016) and Badla (2019). He has also written and directed short films such as Ahalya (2015) and Anukul (2017). He had directed two projects for Netflix, the horror drama series Typewriter (2019) and the mystery thriller film Jaane Jaan (2023).