hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schizodus
Schizodus is an extinct genus of shallow marine clams. It lived from the Silurian to Late Permian periods .

Schizodus represents the primitive stage of schizodonts, clams having reverse V-shaped scissurate hinge teeth (still triangular in Schizodus), and often an elongated lateral tooth .

Lopingian
The Lopingian,  informally the Late or Upper Permian, is the uppermost series/last epoch of the Permian, and last epoch of the Paleozoic. The Lopingian was preceded by the Guadalupian and followed by the Early Triassic.

The name was introduced by Amadeus William Grabau in 1931 and derives from Leping, Jiangxi in China. It consists of two stages/ages. The earlier is the Wuchiapingian and the later is the Changhsingian.

The International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2018/07) provides a numerical age of 259.1 ±0.5 Ma. If a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) has been approved, the lower boundary of the earliest stage determines numerical age of an epoch. The GSSP for the Wuchiapingian has a numerical age of 259.8 ± 0.4 Ma.

Evidence from Milankovitch cycles suggests that the length of an Earth day during this epoch was approximately 22 hours.
TGI Fridays
TGI Fridays Franchisor, LLC, doing business as TGI Fridays, is an American casual dining restaurant chain focusing primarily on American cuisine. The restaurant's name stands for "Thank God It's Friday". TGI Fridays operates more than 380 locations in more than 35 countries, including 79 in the United States. The chain filed for bankruptcy in the United States on November 2, 2024.

Types of restaurant
Restaurants fall into several industry classifications, based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing, as well as the means by which the food is served to the customer. This article mainly describes the situation in the US, while categorisation differs widely around the world.
Outline of Iraq
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Iraq:

Iraq – sovereign country located in Western Asia. It spans most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert. It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. It has a very narrow section of coastline at Umm Qasr on the Persian Gulf. There are two major flowing rivers: the Tigris and the Euphrates. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.

Zagros Mountains
The Zagros Mountains are a mountain range in West Asia spanning Iran, northern Iraq, and southeastern Turkey. The mountain range has a total length of 1,600 km (990 miles). The Zagros range begins in northwestern Iran and roughly follows Iran's western border while covering much of southeastern Turkey and northeastern Iraq. From this border region, the range continues southeast to the waters of the Persian Gulf. It spans the southern parts of the Armenian highlands, and the whole length of the western and southwestern Iranian plateau, ending at the Strait of Hormuz. The highest point is Mount Dena, at 4,409 metres (14,465 ft).
Arhopala oenea
Arhopala oenea , Hewitson's dull oakblue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1869. It is found in the Indomalayan realm (Sikkim, Burma, Assam, Nepal, Indo China, Hainan, Yunnan).

Lighter ground than the very similar Arhopala allata differing in the pale reddish-brown under surface on which the dark brown markings are rather scanty; particularly the proximal spots are small, some almost punctiform.

Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.

Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the realm boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalaya from Australasia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands.

Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, and includes tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. The tropical forests of Indomalaya are highly variable and diverse, with economically important trees, especially in the families Dipterocarpaceae, Ficus, and Fabaceae.
2014–15 Slovenian Basketball League
The 2014–15 Slovenian Basketball League, also known as the 2014–15 Telemach League due to sponsorship reasons, was the 24th season of the Premier A Slovenian Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in Slovenia.
Tajfun won its first title, by defeating Rogaška 3–1 in the finals.

Slovenian Basketball League
The Slovenian Basketball League (Slovene: 1. slovenska košarkarska liga), abbreviated as 1. SKL and known as the Liga OTP banka due to sponsorship reasons, is the top-level professional men's basketball league in Slovenia. The league is operated by the Basketball Federation of Slovenia and consists of eleven clubs. The most successful team is Cedevita Olimpija with 22 titles.
Alfred Midgley
Alfred Midgley (24 February 1849 – 5 February 1930) was an Australian politician in Queensland. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. He represented the seat of Fassifern from 7 September 1883 to 20 July 1887.

Electoral district of Fassifern
Fassifern was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland from 1873 to 1992.

It was based on the area south of Ipswich and stretched toward the New South Wales border, although in subsequent redistributions was reduced in size away from the growing Brisbane area. It was named after the Fassifern Valley.

Fassifern was a safe Country/National district for most of its existence. It was abolished in the 1991 redistribution under the Goss government, and was largely replaced by the new district of Beaudesert.
Rau/Strong House
The Rau/Strong House is a historic house and accompanying carriage barn in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.  It is located in Saint Paul's West Side neighborhood. It was built 1884–86, with an eclectic Italianate/Second Empire/Eastlake movement design featuring a mansard roof and hammered quoin blocks.  The Rau/Strong House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 for its architectural significance as a finely crafted "urban estate" representative of Saint Paul's late-19th-century middle class residences.

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.
The Johnstown Flood (1926 film)
The Johnstown Flood is a 1926 American silent epic film directed by Irving Cummings, that addresses the Great Flood of 1889 in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The film stars George O'Brien, Florence Gilbert, and Janet Gaynor.

Epic film
Epic films have large scale, sweeping scope, and spectacle. The term is slightly ambiguous, sometimes designating a film genre and at other times simply big-budget films. Like epics in the classical literary sense, it is often focused on a heroic character. An epic's ambitious nature helps to set it apart from other genres such as the period piece or adventure film.

Epic historical films would usually take a historical or a mythical event and add an extravagant setting, lavish costumes, an expansive musical score, and an ensemble cast, which would make them extremely expensive to produce. The most common subjects of epic films are royalty and important figures from various periods in world history.
Decoupling of wages from productivity
The decoupling of median wages from productivity, sometimes known as the great decoupling, is the gap between the growth rate of median wages and the growth rate of GDP per person or productivity. Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee highlighted this problem toward the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century. This problem furthermore leads to wage stagnation for the median despite continued economic growth overall.  Mathematically, if inequality grows, then top incomes and total income can increase even if median income is relatively stagnant.

A number of causes have been hypothesized, including advances in technology (such as automation), globalization, self-employment and wage inequality. Some commentators argue that some or all of the Great Decoupling can be explained as the product of faulty assumptions about the underlying economics.

Andrew McAfee
Andrew Paul McAfee (born c. 1967) is a principal research scientist at MIT and cofounder and codirector of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy at the MIT Sloan School of Management. He studies how digital technologies are changing the world.
Calvin Jones (composer)
Calvin P. Jones (born May 3, 1966) is an American musician, record producer, composer, songwriter, and pianist. He composed the hit song "Whitewater Chopped Sticks" popular in talent shows, recitals and pageants. "Whitewater Chopped Sticks" was edited by Jones and performed by Miss Nebraska, Teresa Scanlan to win the 2011 Miss America Pageant with over 14 million viewers watching on ABC TV. Jones has composed music for many soundtracks, including the hit documentary 2016: Obama's America. Produced by Gerald R. Molen (Schindler's List, Jurassic Park), 2016 was a major theatrical release, grossing over $33.45 million at the box office, making it the second highest domestic-grossing political documentary in the United States since 1982. Jones has worked with Producer Jerry Marcellino (Michael Jackson, Diana Ross), Kerry Livgren of the group Kansas ("Dust in the Wind", "Carry On Wayward Son") and director Jim Hanon (End of the Spear) among others.

Kerry Livgren
Kerry Allen Livgren (born September 18, 1949) is an American musician, best known as one of the founding members and primary songwriters for the American rock band Kansas.

Livgren, raised in Topeka, Kansas, developed an early interest in music and songwriting. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, he played in various bands, exploring spiritual themes in his lyrics. Livgren formed bands such as the Gimlets, Saratoga, and eventually Kansas. With Kansas, he achieved commercial success, writing hit songs like "Carry On Wayward Son" and "Dust in the Wind". In 1979, Livgren converted to evangelical Christianity, which influenced his subsequent work. He continued to work with Kansas, formed a new band called AD, and pursued a solo career. Livgren later formed a band called Proto-Kaw, which released new material until 2011. As the primary songwriter for Kansas, Livgren contributed to the band's worldwide success, with numerous Gold and multi-Platinum albums and over 14 million recordings sold.
Hexafluorobenzene
Hexafluorobenzene, HFB or perfluorobenzene is an organofluorine compound with the chemical formula C6F6. In this derivative of benzene, all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms. The technical uses of the compound are limited, although it has some specialized uses in the laboratory owing to distinctive spectroscopic properties.

Organofluorine chemistry
A: fluoromethane

B: isoflurane

C: a CFC

D: an HFC

E: triflic acid

F: Teflon

G: PFOS

H: fluorouracil

I: fluoxetine

Organofluorine chemistry describes the chemistry of organofluorine compounds, organic compounds that contain a carbon–fluorine bond. Organofluorine compounds find diverse applications ranging from oil and water repellents to pharmaceuticals, refrigerants, and reagents in catalysis. In fact, "about 40% of new pharmaceuticals ... and 25% of all those on the market...  contain fluorine".

In addition to these applications, some organofluorine compounds are pollutants because of their contributions to ozone depletion, global warming, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. The area of organofluorine chemistry often requires special techniques associated with the handling of fluorinating agents.
Jeron Robinson
Jeron Robinson (born April 30, 1991, in Angleton, Texas) is an American track and field high jumper.  He is a three time NCAA Div II Outdoor Champion (2013-2015) while jumping for Texas A&M–Kingsville.  His 2015 victory was capped by a personal best 2.31 m (7 ft 6+3⁄4 in), to set the NCAA Division II record.  He also won the 2013 DII Indoor Championships, finishing second and third the following years.  He was the USTFCCCA Div. II Male Athlete of the Year in 2014 and 2015.

After taking 4th at the 2017 USAs outdoors, Robinson took the 2018 USA championship men's high jump title with a Jump of 2.31m

In 2017, he repeated his 2015 feat finishing 4th at the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

Fourth place is normally considered the worst position because it just misses qualifying for subsequent competitions, however in 2017, due to Erik Kynard already holding a bye as Diamond League Champion, Robinson advanced to the 2017 World Championships.

NCAA Division II men's outdoor track and field championships
The NCAA Division II men's outdoor track and field championships (known as the NCAA College Division outdoor track and field championships between 1963 and 1972) are contested at an annual track meet hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate outdoor track and field among its Division II members in the United States and Canada. It has been held annually since 1963.

The most successful program has been Abilene Christian, with nineteen titles. After the Wildcats' departure to Division I, the active program with the most championships is St. Augustine's, with 16.

The four-time reigning champions are Pittsburg State, who won their fourth national title in 2025.
Halymeniales
Halymeniales is an order of red algae belonging to the class Florideophyceae and the subclass Rhodymeniophycidae.

The type species is Halymenia C.Agardh.

The red algae colour comes from photosynthetic pigments (phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin). Then the various blends of relative amounts of these 3 and chlorophyll, influences the plant colour, which can vary from dark red to blue, brown, or greenish.

Allophycocyanin
Allophycocyanin ("other algal blue protein"; from Greek: ἄλλος (allos) meaning "other", φύκος (phykos) meaning “alga”, and κυανός (kyanos) meaning "blue") is a protein from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, along with phycocyanin, phycoerythrin and phycoerythrocyanin. It is an accessory pigment to chlorophyll. All phycobiliproteins are water-soluble and therefore cannot exist within the membrane like carotenoids, but aggregate, forming clusters that adhere to the membrane called phycobilisomes. Allophycocyanin absorbs and emits red light (650 and 660 nm max, respectively), and is readily found in Cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae), and red algae. Phycobilin pigments have fluorescent properties that are used in immunoassay kits. In flow cytometry, it is often abbreviated APC.  To be effectively used in applications such as FACS, High-Throughput Screening (HTS) and microscopy, APC needs to be chemically cross-linked.
Daniel Rojas Medellín
José Daniel Rojas Medellín (born November 11, 1987) is a Colombian economist, political activist, and politician who served as Director of the Special Assets Society from 2022 to 2024 and currently as Minister of National Education since July 23, 2024.

Born in Bogotá, D.C., he studied economics at Saint Thomas Aquinas University. Rojas was part of Gustavo Petro 2018 presidential campaign and later joined Petro presidential transition team. In June 2022, Rojas, along with Aurora Vergara (his predecessor), Carolina Corcho, and Mauricio Lizcano, became part of the team for Gustavo Petro's presidential transition in 2022.

Ministry of National Education (Colombia)
The Ministry of National Education (Spanish: Ministerio de Educación Nacional) is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia responsible for overseeing the instruction and education of the Colombian people, similar to education ministries in other countries.
Supreme Council of Government
The Supreme Council of Government (Spanish: Consejo Supremo de Gobierno) was a military junta which, de facto, exercised the role of head of state and head of government of the Republic of Ecuador from 1976 to 1979, being considered the last military dictatorship in the history of Ecuador.

Formed following the ousting of dictator Guillermo Rodríguez (who seized power in the 1972 military coup), the Council consisted of three members, representing each branch of the Armed Forces: Admiral Alfredo Poveda as representative of the Navy and President of the Council, Divisional General Guillermo Durán Arcentales as representative of the Army and General Luis Leoro Franco as representative of the Air Force.

Ecuadorian Army
The Ecuadorian Army (Spanish: Ejército Ecuatoriano) is the land component of the Ecuadorian Armed Forces. Its 25,650 active soldiers are deployed in relation to its military doctrine. The contemporary Ecuadorian Army incorporates many jungle and special forces infantry units into its structure.
Electra Consumer Products
Electra Consumer Products, stylized as ELECTRA CP, is an Israeli multi-industry public company which was founded in 1945. The company has divisions in the areas of electric consumer products, retail of electrical goods, food and beverages, sports and leisure, and real estate. Electra Consumer Products is traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and is a constituent company of the TA-90 Index of top shares, trading under the ticker symbol ECP. The company is part of the Elco Group.

Bosch (company)
Robert Bosch GmbH (/bɒʃ/; German: [bɔʃ] ⓘ), commonly known as Bosch (styled BOSCH), is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886. Bosch is 94% owned by the Robert Bosch Stiftung, a charitable institution. Although the charity is funded by owning the vast majority of shares, it has no voting rights and is involved in health and social causes unrelated to Bosch's business.

Bosch's core operating areas are spread across four business sectors: mobility (hardware and software), consumer goods (including household appliances and power tools), industrial technology (including drive and control), and energy and building technology.

In terms of revenue, Bosch is the largest automotive supplier. From 2025 onwards, Bosch faced massive economic problems in the automotive sector, because global sales of German cars are declining.
Ammanford railway station (GWR)
Ammanford railway station was opened under the name Cross Inn by the Llanelly Railway in 1840 to serve the town of Ammanford, West Wales. It was renamed Ammanford in 1883. The station was the main one in the town until it closed in 1958, leaving the current Ammanford station (then known as Tirydail, later Ammanford & Tirydail) providing trains for the area.

West Wales
West Wales (Welsh: Gorllewin Cymru) is a region of Wales.

It has various definitions, either covering Pembrokeshire, Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire, which historically comprised the Welsh principality of Deheubarth, and an alternative definition is to include Swansea and Neath Port Talbot, but exclude Ceredigion. The West Wales and the Valleys NUTS area also includes more westerly parts of North Wales as well as the South Wales Valleys.

The preserved county of Dyfed covers what is generally considered to be West Wales; between 1974 and 1996, Dyfed was a county, with a county council and six district councils.
February 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
February 10 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 12

All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 24 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 11th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 29.

January 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
January 28 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 30

All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 11 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For January 29th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 16.
Happiness (Pointer Sisters song)
"Happiness" is a song by The Pointer Sisters, written by Allen Toussaint, which was released in early 1979 as the second single from their 1978 LP, Energy.

"Happiness" was a top 40 hit in the U.S., Canada and New Zealand. It also reached No. 6 in The Netherlands in the Dutch Top 40 and No. 8 in Belgium.

Allen Toussaint
Allen Richard Toussaint (/ˈtuːsɑːnt/; January 14, 1938 – November 10, 2015) was an American musician, songwriter, arranger, and record producer. He was an influential figure in New Orleans rhythm and blues from the 1950s to the end of the century, described as "one of popular music's great backroom figures." Many musicians recorded Toussaint's compositions. He was a producer for hundreds of recordings: the best known are "Right Place, Wrong Time", by longtime friend Dr. John, and "Lady Marmalade" by Labelle.
Dana Loesch
Dana Lynn Loesch (/læʃ/ LASH; née Eaton; born September 28, 1978) is an American radio and TV host. She is a former spokesperson for the National Rifle Association and a former writer and editor for Breitbart News. Loesch was the host of the program Dana on TheBlaze TV from 2014 to 2017.  She also hosts a nationally syndicated weekday radio talk show.  Loesch has appeared as a guest on television networks such as Fox News, CNN, CBS, Newsmax, ABC, and HBO.

Webster University
Webster University is a private university with its main campus in Webster Groves, Missouri, United States. It has multiple branch locations across the United States and countries across Europe, Asia, and Africa. The university has an alumni network of around 170,000 graduates worldwide.
Roma Church
Roma Church (Swedish: Roma kyrka) is a medieval church in Lövsta, Gotland (Sweden). The church is one of the largest countryside churches on Gotland. Built during the 13th century, it displays influences from Cistercian architecture and may have been used by Dominicans preaching for the Northern Crusades. It belongs to the Church of Sweden and lies in the Diocese of Visby.

Diocese of Visby
The Diocese of Visby (Swedish: Visby stift) is a division of the Church of Sweden consisting of the island of Gotland. Its seat is Visby Cathedral located in the largest town on Gotland, Visby.

The Bishop of Visby is also responsible for the episcopal oversight of the Church of Sweden Abroad (SKUT).