hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Promenade des Anglais
Promenade des Anglais (French pronunciation: [pʁɔm.nad de.z‿ɑ̃ɡlɛ]; Niçard: Camin dei Anglés; meaning Walkway of the English) is a promenade along the Mediterranean coast of Nice, France.  It extends from the airport on the west to the Quai des États-Unis ("United States Quay") on the east, for a distance of approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi). Administratively speaking, it forms part of Route nationale 98, which runs between Toulon and Menton.

Menton
Menton (French: [mɑ̃tɔ̃]; Occitan: Menton in classical norm or Mentan in Mistralian norm, pronounced [menˈta], locally [mɛ(n)ˈtã]; Italian: Mentone [menˈtoːne]; Ligurian: Menton or Mentun depending on the orthography) is a resort town and commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region on the French Riviera, close to the Italian border.

Menton has always been a frontier town. Since the end of the 14th century, it has been on the border between the County of Nice, held by the Duke of Savoy, and the Republic of Genoa. It was an exclave of the Principality of Monaco until the disputed French plebiscite of 1860 when it was added to France. It had been always a fashionable tourist centre with grand mansions and gardens. Its temperate Mediterranean climate is especially favourable to the citrus industry, with which it is strongly identified.
Haley Elizabeth Garwood
Haley Elizabeth Garwood (born April 25, 1940) is an American historical novelist. She has worked as an airline stewardess and as a teacher of special education students. She also teaches literature at university.

After her retirement as a high school principal in West Virginia, she began to write full-time. Garwood began her "Warrior Queen Series" with the book, The Forgotten Queen (1998). The series focuses on "forgotten women in history." She has four completed novels in her Warrior Queen Series about women warriors.  After Rani of Jhansi, she will be searching for an "African Queen" series.

Flight attendant
A flight attendant is a member of the aircrew whose primary responsibility is to ensure the safety of passengers in the cabin of an aircraft across all stages of flight. Their secondary duty is to see to the comfort of passengers. Flight attendants are also known as a steward (MASC) or stewardess (FEM), or air host (MASC) or air hostess (FEM) and are collectively referred to as cabin crew.
William Jewell College
William Jewell College is a private liberal arts college in Liberty, Missouri, United States. It was founded in 1849 by members of the Missouri Baptist Convention and endowed with $10,000 by William Jewell. It was associated with the Missouri Baptist Convention for over 150 years until it separated in 2003 and became independent. After becoming a nonsectarian institution, the college's enrollment fell by approximately 40% to 739 students in 2018. Jewell is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Alpha Gamma Delta
Alpha Gamma Delta (ΑΓΔ), also known as Alpha Gam, is an international women's fraternity and social organization. It was founded in 1904 at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York. It is the youngest member of the Syracuse Triad of North American social sororities that also includes Gamma Phi Beta (1874) and Alpha Phi (1872).

Since its founding, Alpha Gamma Delta has initiated over 201,000 members and installed 199 collegiate chapters and more than 250 alumnae groups in the United States and Canada. Its current philanthropic initiative is a fight against hunger, partnered with the nonprofit organizations Feeding America and Meals on Wheels. Alpha Gamma Delta is a member of the National Panhellenic Conference. Its international headquarters is located in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Alexander Lvovsky
Alexander Lvovsky (Russian: Александр Исаевич Львовский; born 15 September, 1973, Moscow, Russia) is an educator and experimental physicist. He currently holds a professorship at the University of Oxford and has contributed to quantum optics and its applications in technology.

Quantum optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light). It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons and their interaction with, for instance, atoms and molecules. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing.
Kristian Luuk
Ants Robert Kristian Luuk (born 14 June 1966) is a Swedish comedian and television presenter. He has presented several shows such as Sen kväll med Luuk, Melodifestivalen and På spåret. He was married to Carina Berg.

Melodifestivalen 2007
Melodifestivalen 2007 was the 47th edition of the Swedish music competition Melodifestivalen, which was organised by Sveriges Television (SVT) and took place over a six-week period between 3 February and 10 March 2007. The winner of the competition was the band The Ark with the song "The Worrying Kind", who represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007, where they came eighteenth with 51 points.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AJOG) is a peer reviewed journal of obstetrics and gynecology.  It is popularly called the "Gray Journal". Since 1920, AJOG has continued the American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, which began publishing in 1868. AJOG has been Medline-indexed since 1965. The current editors-in-chief are Catherine Bradley, MD, MSCE & Roberto Romero, MD, DMedSci.

It is the official publication of the following societies and associations:

American Gynecological and Obstetrical Society

Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

Pacific Coast Obstetrical and Gynecological Society

Society of Gynecologic Surgeons

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine

South Atlantic Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

The journal also publishes selected papers from the annual meeting of the American Urogynecologic Society.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine  was established in 1977 and is a not-for-profit organization of over 5,000 members that are dedicated to improving maternal and child outcomes. The organization's headquarters is located in Washington, D.C.

Board certified maternal-fetal medicine physicians have an additional two to three years training in maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) and are involved in the latest advancements in maternal and fetal care. Because of their additional training, MFM's are considered high-risk pregnancy experts. The Society's primary objectives are to promote and expand research and education in maternal-fetal medicine.
Tommy Leahy (Tipperary hurler)
Thomas Leahy (16 November 1905 – 17 October 1981) was an Irish hurler. At club level he played for Boherlahan and was the left wing-forward on the Tipperary senior hurling team that won the 1930 All-Ireland Championship.

A native of Tubberadora, County Tipperary, Leahy played his club hurling with Boherlahan and won four Tipperary Senior Championship medals between 1924 and 1928.

Leahy made his first appearance for the Tipperary senior hurling team during the 1927 Munster Championship. In the following years he had several successes, including a Munster Championship medal, and an All-Ireland Championship medal. The latter coming when Tipperary defeated Dublin in the final in 1930.

Leahy's brothers, Paddy, Mick and Johnny, were also All-Ireland medal winners.

Tipperary county hurling team
The Tipperary county hurling team represents Tipperary in hurling and is governed by Tipperary GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Munster Senior Hurling Championship and the National Hurling League.

Tipperary's home ground is Semple Stadium, Thurles. The team's manager is Liam Cahill.

The team last won the Munster Senior Championship in 2016, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2025 and the National League in 2008.
Jacobini
Jacobini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Diomira Jacobini (1899–1959), Italian actress

Domenico Jacobini (1837–1900), Italian cardinal

Luigi Jacobini (1832–1887), Italian cardinal

Maria Jacobini (1892–1944), Italian actress

Paolo Jacobini  (1919-2003), Italian footballer

Luigi Jacobini
Luigi Jacobini (6 January 1832 – 28 February 1887) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Vatican Secretary of State from 1880 until his death; he was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 1879.
97 Klotho
97 Klotho is a fairly large main-belt asteroid. While it is an M-type, its radar albedo is too low to allow a nickel-iron composition.  Klotho is similar to 21 Lutetia and 22 Kalliope in that all three are M-types of unknown composition. Klotho was found by Ernst Tempel on February 17, 1868. It was his fifth and final asteroid discovery. It is named after Klotho or Clotho, one of the three Moirai, or Fates, in Greek mythology.

13-cm radar observations of this asteroid from the Arecibo Observatory between 1980 and 1985 were used to produce a diameter estimate of 108 km.

In 1990, the asteroid was observed for four nights from the Collurania-Teramo Observatory in Italy, producing an asymmetric light curve that showed a rotation period of 10.927 ± 0.001 hours and a brightness variation of 0.17 ± 0.02 in magnitude. This period confirms a value independently determined in 1971.

Collurania-Teramo Observatory
The Collurania Observatory, also Teramo Observatory, (Italian: Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania "Vincenzo Cerulli"), is an astronomical observatory located in Teramo, in Abruzzo region of central Italy. It was founded by Vincenzo Cerulli in 1890, who was later honoured by having it bear his name. The observatory is owned and operated by the National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF). It has the IAU code 037.
Safety cabinet
A safety cabinet is used for the safe storage of flammable chemical substance or compressed gas cylinders.

Primarily, they should meet three major safety requirements:

Minimize the fire risks associated with the storage of flammable substances and protect the cabinet's contents for a known (tested) minimum length of time (fire rating). It should prevent the materials stored in the cabinet from contributing to the spread of fire or leading to an explosion in the event of a fire

Minimize the amount of vapor released into the working environment

Retention of accidental spillages within the cabinet

Areas of application and uses are diverse: pharmaceutical, universities, hospitals, industry, workshops, public organizations working with hazardous substances etc. In essence, any facility where flammable substances are stored.

Flammable liquid
A flammable liquid is a liquid which can be easily ignited in air at ambient temperatures, i.e. it has a flash point at or below nominal threshold temperatures defined by a number of national and international standards organisations.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of the United States Department of Labor defines a liquid as flammable if it has a flash point at or below 93 °C (199.4 °F). Prior to bringing regulations in line with the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) in 2012, OSHA considered flammable liquids to be those with a flash point below 37.8 °C (100.0 °F). Those with flash points above 37.8 °C/100 °F and below 93.3 °C (199.9 °F) were classified as combustible liquids. Studies show that the actual measure of a liquid's flammability, its flash point, is dependent on the local air pressure, meaning that at higher altitudes where the air pressure is lower, the flash point is also lower.
John Croker (engraver)
John Croker (21 October 1670 – 21 March 1741), born in the Electorate of Saxony and known in his youth as Johann Crocker, was a master jeweller who migrated to London, where he became a medallist and engraved dies for English and later British coins and medals.

For most of his adult life Croker worked in England, serving provincial mints as well as that at the Tower of London. For some seven years he engraved the die stamps for the coins of King William III and Queen Anne before becoming Chief Engraver to the Royal Mint, a position he held from 1705 until his death. He worked closely with the head of the Mint, the scientist Isaac Newton.

Medalist
A medalist (or medallist) is an artist who designs medals, plaquettes, badges, metal medallions, coins and similar small works in relief in metal. Historically, medalists were typically also involved in producing their designs, and were usually either sculptors or goldsmiths by background. In modern times, medalists are mostly primarily sculptors of larger works, but in the past the number of medals and coins produced were sufficient to support specialists who spent most of their career producing them. From the 19th century, the education of a medalist often began with time as an engraver, or a formal education in an academy, particularly modeling and portraiture. On coins, a mark or symbol signifying the medalist as the original designer was often included in a hidden location and is not to be mistaken for the symbol of the mint master. Artistic medals and plaquettes are often signed prominently by the artist.
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, also known as cortisone reductase, is an NADPH-dependent enzyme highly expressed in key metabolic tissues including liver, adipose tissue, and the central nervous system. In these tissues, HSD11B1 reduces cortisone to the active hormone cortisol that activates glucocorticoid receptors. It belongs to the family of short-chain dehydrogenases. It is encoded by the HSD11B1 gene.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
George R. Edwards
George R. Edwards (1890 – June 10, 1972) was an American football, basketball, and golf coach and college athletics administrator.  He was the fourth head football coach at Kansas Wesleyan University in Salina, Kansas, serving for two seasons, in 1914 and again in 1917, and compiling a record of 4–11.  He was the head basketball coach at the University of Missouri from 1926 to 1946. He coached Missouri to a 181–172 record, winning three Big Six Conference championships and one NCAA tournament appearance.  He also served as Missouri's athletic director from 1943 to 1945.  Edwards grew up in Palmyra, Missouri.  He died on June 10, 1972, at the age of 81, Columbia, Missouri.  He was inducted into the Missouri Athletics Hall of Fame in 1991.

Kansas Wesleyan University
Kansas Wesleyan University is a private Christian university in Salina, Kansas, United States. Founded in 1886, it is affiliated with the United Methodist Church and accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. It has over 900 students and a 28-acre (11 ha) campus.
Niebla caespitosa
Niebla caespitosa is a fruticose lichen that grows along the fog regions of the Pacific Coast of North America from southern California, including the Channel Islands, to the Vizcaíno Peninsula of Baja California. The epithet, caespitosa, is in regard to the clustered thallus branches spreading widely from a central attachment or holdfast

Fruticose lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts.  Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes.  Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions.
Beverly Donofrio
Beverly Ann Donofrio (born September 23, 1950) is an American memoirist, children's author, and creative writing teacher known for her 1992 best selling memoir, Riding in Cars with Boys. The memoir was adapted into the 2001 film Riding in Cars with Boys, directed by Penny Marshall, with Drew Barrymore portraying Donofrio.

Penny Marshall
Carole Penny Marshall (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018) was an American actress, film director, and producer. She is best known for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal.

Marshall made her directorial debut with Jumpin' Jack Flash (1986) before directing Big (1988), which became the first film directed by a woman to gross more than $100 million at the U.S. box office. Her subsequent directing credits included Awakenings (1990) (which was nominated for Academy Award for Best Picture), A League of Their Own (1992), Renaissance Man (1994), The Preacher's Wife (1996), and Riding in Cars with Boys (2001). She also produced Cinderella Man and Bewitched (both 2005), and directed episodes of the television series According to Jim and United States of Tara.
Camp Lay
Camp Lay was a Confederate army encampment during the American Civil War located near Tallahassee in Leon County, Florida, United States.  Its exact location is not currently known.

Camp Lay is known to have had these individuals:

Private Joseph White Campbell, who enlisted April 20, 1864, Company B, 8th Florida Infantry. Campbell was from Gadsden County.

Private Jonah Beale Davis, who enlisted September 24, 1864, Company B, 8th Florida Infantry. Davis was from Decatur County, Georgia.

Decatur County, Georgia
Decatur County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,367. The county seat is Bainbridge.

Decatur County comprises the Bainbridge, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), which is included in the Tallahassee—Bainbridge, FL-GA Combined Statistical Area.
Centrolepis banksii
Centrolepis banksii is a species of plant in the Restionaceae family and is found in northern parts of Australia.

The sometimes red coloured annual herb has a tufted habit and typically grows to a height of 2 to 12 centimetres (0.8 to 4.7 in). It blooms between May and August.

The species was first formally described by botanist Jean Louis Marie Poiret in 1817 as part of the work Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique Suppl.. The only synonyms are Devauxia pusilla and Devauxia banksii.

It is found in and around swamps and along creeks and streams in the Kimberley and Pilbara regions of Western Australia where it grows in damp muddy-sandy soils. It is also found in the Northern Territory and Queensland.

Jean Louis Marie Poiret
Jean Louis Marie Poiret (11 June 1755 in Saint-Quentin – 7 April 1834 in Paris) was a French clergyman, botanist, and explorer.

From 1785 to 1786, he was sent by Louis XVI to Algeria to study the flora.  After the French Revolution, he became a professor of natural history at the Écoles Centrale of Aisne.

The genus Poiretia of the legume family Fabaceae was named after him in 1807 by Étienne Pierre Ventenat.
The standard author abbreviation Poir. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Black Hawk (lacrosse)
Black Hawk (born 23 May 1877, date of death unknown), also known by his Anglicised name of Joe Crawford, was a First Nations lacrosse player. He was the goaltender of the Mohawk Indians Lacrosse Team that competed on behalf of Canada at the 1904 Summer Olympics.

At the games, they first competed against the St. Louis Amateur Athletic Association and tied with a score of two to two. Although they tied, the Mowhawk Indians did not advance further, instead winning a bronze. Not much is known about Hawk's life though he was arrested during the St. Louis World's Fair for public intoxication.

Anglicisation of names
The anglicisation of personal names is the change of non-English-language personal names to spellings nearer English sounds, or substitution of equivalent or similar English personal names in the place of non-English personal names.
Crosswater Club
Crosswater Club is a private golf club in the northwest United States, located in central Oregon at Sunriver, southwest of Bend.

Opened 30 years ago in 1995, the par-72 golf course was designed by Robert E. Cupp and plays to 7,683 yards (7,025 m), at an approximate average elevation of 4,160 feet (1,270 m) above sea level. It occupies about 600 acres (2.4 km2) of wetlands and woodlands along the Deschutes and Little Deschutes rivers.

At its opening in 1995, it was the longest course in the United States.

The course hosted the JELD-WEN Tradition tournament for four years, from 2007 to 2010, a senior major championship. It has also hosted the PGA Professional National Championship four times: 2001, 2007, 2013, and 2017.

Deschutes River
The Deschutes River (/dəˈʃuːts/ də-SHOOTS) in central Oregon is a major tributary of the Columbia River. The river provides much of the drainage on the eastern side of the Cascade Range in Oregon, gathering many of the tributaries that descend from the drier, eastern flank of the mountains. The Deschutes provided an important route to and from the Columbia for Native Americans for thousands of years, and then in the 19th century for pioneers on the Oregon Trail. The river flows mostly through rugged and arid country, and its valley provides a cultural heart for central Oregon. Today the river supplies water for irrigation and is popular in the summer for whitewater rafting and fishing.

The Deschutes flows generally north, as do several other large Oregon tributaries of the Columbia River, including the Willamette and John Day.
Linda Lomahaftewa
Linda Lomahaftewa (born 1947) is a Native American printmaker, painter, and educator living in Santa Fe, New Mexico. She is a citizen of the Hopi Tribe and a descendant of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma.

Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian
The Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian is a museum devoted to Native American arts. It is located in Santa Fe, New Mexico and was founded in 1937 by Mary Cabot Wheelwright, who came from Boston, and Hastiin Klah, a Navajo singer and medicine man.
Swimming at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 1500 metre freestyle
The heats for the men's 1500 m freestyle race at the 2009 World Championships took place on the morning of 1 August, with the final in the evening session of 2 August at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy.

Foro Italico
Foro Italico is a sports complex in Rome, Italy, on the slopes of Monte Mario. It was built between 1928 and 1938 as the Foro Mussolini (literally Mussolini's Forum) under the design of Enrico Del Debbio and, later, Luigi Moretti.  Inspired by the Roman forums of the imperial age, its design is lauded as a preeminent example of Italian fascist architecture instituted by Mussolini. The purpose of the prestigious project was to get the Olympic Games of 1940 to be organised by fascist Italy and held in Rome.