hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portrait of Nicolas Joseph Maison
Portrait of Nicolas Joseph Maison is an 1835 portrait painting by the French artist Léon Cogniet. It depicts the French general Nicolas Joseph Maison. A veteran of the Napoleonic Wars, he is best known for commanding the French Expedition to Morea of 1828 during the Greek War of Independence. He was made a Marshal of France in 1829. He later briefly served as both Foreign Minister and Minister of War during the July Monarchy.

Cogniet was a noted artist of the Romantic movement although he also incorporated Neoclassical influences in his work. The painting was commissioned for 1200 francs by the French state to hang in the new Musée de l'Histoire de France at the Palace of Versailles.

Franc
The franc is any of various units of currency. One franc is typically divided into 100 centimes. The name is said to derive from the Latin inscription francorum rex (King of the Franks) used on early French coins  and until the 18th century, or from the French franc, meaning "frank" (and "free" in certain contexts, such as coup franc, "free kick").

The countries that use francs today include Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and most of Francophone Africa. The Swiss franc is a major world currency today due to the prominence of Swiss financial institutions.

Before the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999, francs were also used in France, Belgium and Luxembourg, while Andorra and Monaco accepted the French franc as legal tender (Monégasque franc). The franc was also used in former French colonies including Algeria and Cambodia. The franc is sometimes Italianised or Hispanicised as the franco, for instance in Luccan franco.
Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg
The Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg is an art museum in central Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, opened 1994. It presents modern and contemporary art and is financed by the Kunststiftung Volkswagen.

It takes up aspects of the industrial city of Wolfsburg, which was only founded in 1938: modernity, urbanity, internationality and quality. The Kunstmuseum is located at the southern end of the pedestrian zone in the vicinity of the Alvar-Aalto-Kulturhaus, Theater, Planetarium and CongressPark.

Ed van der Elsken
Eduard van der Elsken (10 March 1925 – 28 December 1990) was a Dutch photographer and filmmaker.

His imagery provides quotidian, intimate and autobiographic perspectives on the European zeitgeist spanning the period of the Second World War into the 1970s in the realms of love, sex, art, music (particularly jazz), and alternative culture. He described his camera as 'infatuated', and said: "I'm not a journalist, an objective reporter, I'm a man with likes and dislikes". His style is subjective and emphases the seer over the seen; a photographic equivalent of first-person speech.
Vilvoorde
Vilvoorde (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈvɪlvoːrdə] ⓘ; West Flemish: Vilvôorde; French: Vilvorde [vilvɔʁd]; historically known as Filford in English) is a municipality and city in the Halle-Vilvoorde district (arrondissement) of the province of Flemish Brabant, Belgium. The municipality comprises the city of Vilvoorde proper with its two outlying quarters of Koningslo and Houtem and the small town of Peutie.

The official language of Vilvoorde is Dutch, as in the rest of Flanders. There is a French-speaking minority of about 33.7%, concentrated especially in the Koningslo and Beauval quarters, bordering the Neder-Over-Heembeek neighbourhood of Brussels. The French-speaking minority is represented by 3 members on the 33-seat local council.

From 2000 until August 1, 2007, the mayor of Vilvoorde was former Belgian prime minister Jean-Luc Dehaene. The mayor from 2013 to 2024 was Hans Bonte, also a member of the Federal House of Representatives.

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.
New Mexico Association of Counties
The New Mexico Association of Counties is a non-partisan association representing public employees and elected officials working at the county level of government in the U.S. state of New Mexico. Founded in 1968, the organization is headquartered in Santa Fe, New Mexico. It is the New Mexico chapter of the National Association of Counties. As of 2014, the president of the New Mexico Association of Counties is Wendell Bostwick, a commissioner of Curry County. Its vice-president is Los Alamos County clerk Sharon Stover.

Los Alamos County, New Mexico
Los Alamos County (English: "The Poplars" or "Cottonwoods"; Spanish: Condado de Los Álamos) is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,419. The smallest county by area in the state, Los Alamos County was formed from parts of Sandoval and Santa Fe counties on June 10, 1949.: 46   The county has two census-designated places: Los Alamos and White Rock.

The land that eventually became Los Alamos County was administered exclusively by the U.S. federal government during and for a few years after the Manhattan Project.: 29

Los Alamos County comprises the Los Alamos Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos combined statistical area.

The county is home to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos County is noted for having the lowest level of child poverty of any county in the United States.
Indian Summer (story)
"Indian Summer" is a short story by Erskine Caldwell, dealing with adolescence in the Southern countryside and an early, ambivalent sexual experience.

It was originally published in 1932 and included in We Are the Living (1933). It was also included in the 1983 collection of Caldwell stories, Stories of Life North & South.. In 1989 Story magazine chose it for re-publication as "a classic story"..

Erskine Caldwell
Erskine Preston Caldwell (December 17, 1903 – April 11, 1987) was an American novelist and short story writer. His writings about poverty, racism and social problems in his native Southern United States, in novels such as Tobacco Road (1932) and God's Little Acre (1933), won him critical acclaim.

With cumulative sales of 10 million and 14 million copies, respectively, Tobacco Road and God's Little Acre rank as two of the best-selling American novels of all-time, with the former being adapted into a 1933 play that set a Broadway record for consecutive performances, since surpassed.
Weber v Ontario Hydro
Weber v Ontario Hydro, [1995] 2 S.C.R. 929 is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada where the Court held that a labour arbitration board was a "court of competent jurisdiction" within the meaning of section 24(1) of the Charter, and could grant declarations and damages. Consequently,  the board has exclusive jurisdiction over the matter, and so employees cannot bring suits concerning matters under a collective agreement to court.

Section 24 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 24 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides for remedies available to those whose Charter rights are shown to be violated.  Some scholars have argued that it was actually section 24 that ensured that the Charter would not have the primary flaw of the 1960 Canadian Bill of Rights. Canadian judges would be reassured that they could indeed strike down statutes on the basis that they contradicted a bill of rights.
Lucca–Aulla railway
The Lucca-Aulla railway also known as the Garfagnana railway is an Italian railway branch line. Running from the city of Lucca the line crosses the Garfagnana and Lunigiana regions to join the Parma–La Spezia railway in Aulla.

The railway is managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI) and passenger traffic is operated by Trenitalia, both of which are subsidiaries of Italy's state-owned rail company Ferrovie dello Stato (FS).

Lucca
Lucca (/ˈluːkə/ LOO-kə, Italian: [ˈlukka] ⓘ) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain.

The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as an Italian "Città d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact Renaissance-era city walls and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D., the Guinigi Tower, a 45-metre-tall (150 ft) tower that dates from the 14th century  and the Cathedral of San Martino.

The city is the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including Giacomo Puccini, Alfredo Catalani, and Luigi Boccherini.
Calvey Township, Franklin County, Missouri
Calvey Township is an unincorporated township in Franklin County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

This Township contains the Communities of Robertsville and Catwissa

Calvey Township was established in 1821, and named after Calvey Creek.

Calvey Creek
Calvey Creek is a stream in Franklin and Jefferson counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary to the Meramec River.

The stream headwaters are in Jefferson County at 38°17′39″N 90°45′10″W﻿ / ﻿38.29417°N 90.75278°W﻿ / 38.29417; -90.75278 and the confluence with the Meramec in Franklin County is at 38°26′18″N 90°48′04″W﻿ / ﻿38.43833°N 90.80111°W﻿ / 38.43833; -90.80111. The source area for the stream lies south of Missouri Route 30 north of Grubville in Jefferson County and the stream flows north along the county line before turning northwest passing under Route HH. The stream forms the east boundary of Robertsville State Park west of Catawissa and meets the Meramec at the northeast corner of the park.

Calvey Creek has the name of the Calvey family, French pioneers to the region.
Formula for change
The formula for change (or "the change formula") provides a model to assess the relative strengths affecting the likely success of organisational change programs. The formula was created by David Gleicher while he was working at management consultants Arthur D. Little in the early 1960s, refined by Kathie Dannemiller in the 1980s, and further developed by Steve Cady.

Arthur D. Little
Arthur D. Little is an international management consulting firm originally headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, founded in 1886 and formally incorporated in 1909 by Arthur Dehon Little, an MIT chemist who extended the applications of cellulose acetate, especially its use as artificial silk. Arthur D. Little pioneered the concept of contracted professional services. The company played key roles in the development of business strategy, operations research, the word processor, the first synthetic penicillin, LexisNexis, SABRE, and NASDAQ.
The Conscript
The Conscript (Dutch: De loteling) is a 1974 Belgian drama film directed by Roland Verhavert, based on the eponymous 1850 novel by Hendrik Conscience. It was entered into the 24th Berlin International Film Festival. It was also selected as the Belgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 47th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Hendrik Conscience
Henri (Hendrik) Conscience (3 December 1812 – 10 September 1883) was a Belgian author. He is considered the pioneer of Dutch-language literature in Flanders, writing at a time when Belgium was dominated by the French language among the upper classes, in literature and government. Conscience fought as a Belgian revolutionary in 1830 and was a notable writer in the Romanticist style popular in the early 19th century. He is best known for his romantic nationalist novel, The Lion of Flanders (1838), inspired by the victory of a Flemish peasant militia over French knights at the 1302 Battle of the Golden Spurs during the Franco-Flemish War.

Over the course of his career, he published over 100 novels and novellas and achieved considerable popularity. After his death, with the decline of romanticism, his works became less fashionable but are still considered as classics of Flemish literature.
Assault! Jack the Ripper
Assault! Jack the Ripper (暴行切り裂きジャック, Bōkō Kirisaki Jakku) is a 1976 Japanese film in Nikkatsu's Roman Porno series (in the "Violent Pink" subgenre). It was directed by Yasuharu Hasebe and has in the lead roles Tamaki Katsura and Yutaka Hayashi.

Nikkatsu
Nikkatsu Corporation (日活株式会社, Nikkatsu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese film studio located in Bunkyō. The name Nikkatsu amalgamates the words Nippon Katsudō Shashin, literally "Japan Motion Pictures".

Shareholders are Nippon Television Holdings (35%) and SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation (28.4%).
2018 Detroit Tigers season
The 2018 Detroit Tigers season was the team's 118th season. It was the team's first year under a mostly new coaching staff led by new Manager Ron Gardenhire. It was the fourth consecutive season they missed the playoffs, finishing with the same record as the previous season, 64–98, but good for third place in the American League Central division.

It was the last season for television announcers Mario Impemba and Rod Allen, who had been together since 2003. Their contracts were not renewed due to an alleged physical altercation after the game on September 4.

2018 Kansas City Royals season
The 2018 Kansas City Royals season was their 50th season for the franchise, and their 46th at Kauffman Stadium. They significantly failed to improve upon their 80–82 record the previous year, reaching 100+ losses for the first time since 2006 and finishing 58–104, the second-worst record in the 2018 MLB season, ahead of only the Baltimore Orioles, who finished 47–115.
Radio Gaga
Radio Gaga is a comic strip created by the Norwegian humourist "Flis" (Øyvind Sagåsen).

The series started in 2001, and is about characters who run a local radio station called Radio Gaga. Although the action takes place in the radio environment, it is mostly about the somewhat eccentric characters, and not so much about radio. Since 2008 it was published in the Pondus magazine, and in the newspapers Aftenposten  and Nordlys, as well as in a number of smaller publications.

Humorist
A humorist is an intellectual who uses humor, or wit, in writing or public speaking. A raconteur is one who tells anecdotes in a skillful and amusing way.

Henri Bergson writes that a humorist's work grows from viewing the morals of society.

The term comedian is generally applied to one who is performing to an audience for laughter.
Libas
Libas is an Indian fashion brand specializing in ethnic and fusion wear for women. The brand was founded in 1985 by Sunil Keshwani. It is led by Sidhant Keshwani, who is the CEO. It operates in India under the parent company Zivore Apparel Pvt Ltd.

Fashion brand
The term "fashion brand" (or "fashion label") includes all the brands that operate within the fashion industry. A fashion brand combines symbolism, style, and experiential elements, and it needs to differentiate its products and coordinate its supply chain to succeed in the market. Consumers commonly employ brands as a means of expressing either their genuine identity or an idealized self-image that they aspire to achieve.
Liechtenstein Homeland Service
Liechtenstein Homeland Service (German: Liechtensteiner Heimatdienst, LHD) was a political party in Liechtenstein that advocated corporate statism and the abolition of party politics. Shortly after its founding, the party also moved towards Nazism. It merged with the Christian-Social People's Party to form the Patriotic Union in 1936.

Liechtenstein Institute
The Liechtenstein Institute (German: Liechtenstein-Institut) is a scientific research center and academic institution in Gamprin-Bendern, Liechtenstein.

The institute carries out research into the history, politics, law, and economics of Liechtenstein.
Yekaterinovsky, Adygea
Yekaterinovsky (Russian: Екатериновский; Adyghe: Екатериновскэр) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Sergiyevskoye Rural Settlement of Giaginsky District, Adygea, Russia. The population was 141 as of 2018. There are 3 streets.

Adygea
Adygea (/ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪə/ AH-dig-AY-ə), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with a population of roughly 500,731 residents  as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.
Watkin George
Watkin George (1759-1822) was an carpenter, engineer and ironmaster from Trevethin in Monmouthshire. He rose from humble beginnings as a carpenter to have a major influence on ironworks at Cyfartha and Pontypool and is responsible for the design of early cast-iron bridges.

Pontypool
Pontypool (Welsh: Pont-y-pŵl [ˌpɔntəˈpuːl]) is a town and the administrative centre of the county borough of Torfaen, within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire in South Wales. As of 2021, it has a population of 29,062.
Modal jazz
Modal jazz is jazz that makes use of musical modes, often modulating among them to accompany the chords instead of relying on one tonal center used across the piece.

Though exerting influence to the present, modal jazz was most popular in the 1950s and 1960s, as evidenced by the success of Miles Davis's 1958 composition "Milestones" and 1959 album Kind of Blue, and John Coltrane's quartet from 1960 to 1965. Other performers of modal jazz include Chick Corea, Bill Evans, Herbie Hancock, Joe Henderson, Bobby Hutcherson, Pharoah Sanders, Woody Shaw, Wayne Shorter, McCoy Tyner, and Larry Young.

Modulation (music)
In music, modulation is the change from one tonality (tonic, or tonal center) to another. This may or may not be accompanied by a change in key signature (a key change). Modulations articulate or create the structure or form of many pieces, as well as add interest. Treatment of a non-tonic chord as a temporary tonic, for less than a phrase, is considered tonicization.

Modulation is the essential part of the art. Without it there is little music, for a piece derives its true beauty not from the large number of fixed modes which it embraces but rather from the subtle fabric of its modulation.
Von Magnus phenomenon
The von Magnus phenomenon describes the generation of  defective interfering particles (DIPs) by viruses. It was first observed by Preben von Magnus in influenza viruses, after the serial passage of undiluted allantoic fluid in eggs.

Allantois
The allantois (/əˈlæntoʊɪs/ a-LAN-toe-iss; pl.: allantoides or allantoises) is one of the four membranes of the extraembryonic tissue arising from the yolk sac. It is a hollow sac-like structure filled with clear fluid that forms part of the developing conceptus in an amniote that helps the embryo exchange gases and handle liquid waste. The other extraembryonic membranes are the yolk sac, the amnion, and the chorion. In mammals these membranes are known as fetal membranes.

The allantois, along with the amnion, chorion, and yolk sac (other extraembryonic membranes), identify humans and other mammals, birds, and reptiles as amniotes. These extraembryonic membranes that form the embryo have aided amniotes in the transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments. Fish and amphibians are anamniotes, lacking the allantois.
Carl Josefsson (judge)
Carl Josefsson (born 1965) is a former Swedish Judge at the Svea Court of Appeal in Stockholm, and currently President of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), a new position created within the EPO. He took up his new position on 1 March 2017 for a period of five years. As President of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO, Josefsson also acts as President of the Enlarged Board of Appeal.

Josefsson was appointed judge at the Svea Court of Appeal in 2013. From 1998 to 2013, he worked at the Swedish Ministry of Justice.

European Patent Office
The European Patent Office (EPO) is one of the two organs of the European Patent Organisation (EPOrg), the other being the Administrative Council. The EPO acts as executive body for the organisation while the Administrative Council acts as its supervisory body as well as, to a limited extent, its legislative body. The actual legislative power to revise the European Patent Convention lies with the Contracting States themselves when meeting at a Conference of the Contracting States.

Within the European Patent Office, examiners are notably in charge of studying European patent applications, filed by applicants, to decide whether to grant a patent for an invention. The patents granted by the European Patent Office are called European patents.
Jamal Anderson
Jamal Sharif Anderson (born September 30, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Falcons in the seventh round of the 1994 NFL draft. He played high school football at El Camino Real High School, where he was named to the CIF Los Angeles City Section 4-A All-City first-team in 1989.  He went on to play college football at Moorpark College for the Moorpark College Raiders before playing for the Utah Utes.

Anderson earned a Pro Bowl selection in 1998, leading the NFC in rushing and helping the Falcons to an appearance in Super Bowl XXXIII. He suffered a career-ending knee injury in 2001 while finishing his eight-year career with 41 touchdowns and nearly 7,000 yards of offense.

El Camino Real Charter High School
El Camino Real Charter High School (also known locally as "ECR" or "Elco") is an independent charter secondary school located in the Woodland Hills district of the San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles, California, United States. The school, founded in 1969, was designed to emulate a small college campus, with a large central "quad" and an open campus policy.

ECR serves portions of Woodland Hills and West Hills and also maintains a sizable "traveling" student population from other areas of the district.

ECR's Academic Performance Index was 832 out of 1,000 in 2012.

On March 31, 2009, El Camino Real High School became a California Distinguished School. In December 2010, the teachers and staff at the school voted for it to become a charter school. This change took effect in the fall of 2011.