hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Earth shelter
An earth shelter, also called an earth house, earth-bermed house, earth-sheltered house, earth-covered house, or underground house, is a structure (usually a house) with earth (soil) against the walls and/or on the roof, or that is entirely buried underground.

Earth acts as thermal mass, making it easier to maintain a steady indoor air temperature and therefore reduces energy costs for heating or cooling.

Earth sheltering became relatively popular after the mid-1970s, especially among environmentalists. However, the practice has been around for nearly as long as humans have been constructing their own shelters.

Jay Swayze
Julian Harvey "Jay" Swayze (27 October 1923 – 12 June 1981) was an architect from Plainview, Texas best known for his creation of Underground World Home at the 1964 New York World's Fair, which proved to be not popular at the fair. During his career he was a promoter of underground living and he wrote a book called: Underground gardens & homes: The best of two worlds, above and below.
German submarine U-2353
German submarine U-2353 was a Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 20 September 1944, and was laid down on 10 October 1944 at Deutsche Werft AG, Hamburg, as yard number 507. She was launched on 6 December 1944 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Jürgen Hillmann on 9 January 1945.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Bakrahat
Bakhrahat is a village and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Along with a Boys' School, Bakhrahat also has the Bakhrahat Girls' High School, which is situated on Borokachari Road.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Splitting Image (comics)
Splitting Image is a 2 issue comic-book limited series created in 1993 by Don Simpson (though based on an idea from Image co-founder Rob Liefeld) and published by Image Comics. It satirizes the founders of Image and their initial titles such as Savage Dragon, Spawn, Youngblood, WildC.A.T.s: Covert Action Teams, Cyber Force, Shadowhawk, Wetworks, and Pitt. Issue #2 ends with a cliffhanger ending featuring Megaton Man, Captain Everything from normalman, and Mr. Spook from Tales of the Beanworld which was continued in the Megaton Man/normalman Special.
In 2017, to celebrate the publisher's 25th anniversary, Image released an 80-Giant Special collecting both issues of Splitting Image along with the Normalman/Megaton Man special and supplementary material.

Wetwork
Wetwork (Russian: мокрое дело, romanized: mokroye delo), (colloquial: Russian: мокруха, romanized: mokrukha) is a euphemism for murder or assassination that alludes to spilling blood. The expression and the similar wet job, wet affair, or wet operation are all calques of Russian terms for such activities and can be traced to criminal slang from at least the 19th century and originally meant robbery that involved murder or the spilling of blood.

The operations are reputed to have been handled by the CIA and by the KGB's SpecBureau 13 (Spets Byuro 13), known as the "Department of Wet Affairs" (Otdel mokrykh del), or "Department 13".
1997 Giro del Trentino
The 1997 Giro del Trentino was the 21st edition of the Tour of the Alps cycle race and was held on 28 April to 1 May 1997. The race started in Riva del Garda and finished in Lienz. The race was won by Luc Leblanc.

Lienz
Lienz (German: [ˈliːɛnt͡s] ⓘ; Southern Bavarian: Lianz) is a medieval town in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is the administrative centre of the Lienz district, which covers all of East Tyrol. The municipality also includes the cadastral subdivision of Patriasdorf.
Stardock
Stardock Corporation is an American software development company founded in 1991 and incorporated in 1993 as Stardock Systems. Stardock initially developed for the OS/2 platform, but transitioned to Microsoft Windows with the collapse of the OS/2 ecosystem between 1997 and 1998. The company is best known for software that allow a user to modify or extend a graphical user interface as well as PC games, particularly strategy games such as the Galactic Civilizations series.

Stardock created and maintains WinCustomize, a graphical user interface customization community, and developed the Impulse digital distribution system before its sale to GameStop and its 2014 discontinuation. It offers skins and themes for software that is part of their Object Desktop desktop suite. The company is headquartered in Plymouth, Michigan.

Strategy video game
A strategy video game is a video game genre that emphasizes strategic or tactical planning and decision-making, often involving the indirect control of multiple units and the management of limited resources, rather than the quick reflexes typical of action games.

Strategy video games are commonly divided into two main forms: turn-based strategy (TBS), in which players act in discrete turns, and real-time strategy (RTS), in which play proceeds continuously. Many also incorporate elements such as tactics, diplomacy, economics, or exploration.

Electronic strategy games developed in part from earlier non-digital board games and wargames, and scholars note that the definition of “strategy” in games is not entirely uniform across contexts.
Custos Rotulorum of Durham
The custos rotulorum of County Durham was formerly appointed by the Bishop of Durham until the abolition of his palatine rights following the Palatinate of Durham Act, 1836. After that date the office of custos rotulorum was passed to the Lord Lieutenant of Durham.

This is an incomplete list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of Durham.

Thomas Layton 1574

George Baker 1621

William Talbot 1722–1730 (Bishop of Durham)

Edward Chandler 1730–1750 (Bishop of Durham)

Joseph Butler 1750–1752 (Bishop of Durham)

Richard Trevor 1752–1771 (Bishop of Durham)

John Egerton 1771–1787 (Bishop of Durham)

Thomas Thurlow 1787–1791 (Bishop of Durham)

Shute Barrington 1791–1826  (Bishop of Durham)

William Van Mildert 1826–1836 (Bishop of Durham)

For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Durham.

Custos rotulorum
Custos rotulorum (/ˈkʌstɒs roʊtjʊˈlɔːrəm/; plural: custodes rotulorum; Latin for "keeper of the rolls", Neo-Latin: [ˈkus.tos roˈtuː.lo.rum]) is a civic post that is recognised in the United Kingdom (except Scotland) and in Jamaica.
Aire Lepik
Aire Lepik is an Estonian footballer.

Club career: Viljandi JK Tulevik.

She has played for Estonia women's national football team.

In 1994 and 1995, she was chosen to Estonian Female Footballer of the Year.

Viljandi JK Tulevik
Viljandi Jalgpalliklubi Tulevik, commonly known as Viljandi Tulevik, or simply as Tulevik, is an Estonian football club based in Viljandi that competes in II liiga, the fourth tier of Estonian football. The club's home ground is Viljandi linnastaadion.

Founded in 1912 as Sports Association Tulevik (lit. 'Future'), the club was disbanded in 1940 due to the Soviet occupation of Estonia and re-established in 1992 as one of the founding members of the Meistriliiga. The club has competed in the Estonian top division in 1992–1993, 1997–2010, 2015, and most recently from 2017 until 2021.
Mugla Passage
Mugla Passage (Bulgarian: проток Мугла, ‘Protok Mugla’ \'pro-tok 'mu-gla\) is the 1.35 km wide passage between Half Moon Island and the north coast of Burgas Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

The passage is named after the settlement of Mugla in southern Bulgaria.

Half Moon Island
Half Moon Island is a minor Antarctic island, lying in McFarlane Strait 1.35 km (0.84 mi) north of Burgas Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands of the Antarctic Peninsula region. Its surface area is 171 hectares (420 acres).  The Argentine Cámara Base is located on the island. It is only accessible by sea and by helicopter; there is no airport of any kind. The naval base is operational occasionally during the summer, but is closed during the winter.
Pendennis
The History of Pendennis: His Fortunes and Misfortunes, His Friends and His Greatest Enemy (1848–1850) is a novel by the English author William Makepeace Thackeray. It is set in 19th-century England, particularly in London. The main hero is a young English gentleman Arthur Pendennis, who is born in the country and sets out for London to seek his place in life and society.  As such, it is generally categorized as a bildungsroman. The novel took two years for Thackeray to write and, in line with other Thackeray works, most notably Vanity Fair, it offers an insightful and satiric picture of human character and aristocratic society. The characters include the snobbish social hanger-on Major Pendennis and the tipsy Captain Costigan.

Bildungsroman
In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪldʊŋs.ʁoˌmaːn] ⓘ) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth and change of the protagonist from childhood to adulthood (coming of age). The term comes from the German words Bildung ('formation' or 'education') and Roman ('novel').
HMS Maeander
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Maeander, after the Maeander river, or its patron Meander, in Greek mythology:

HMS Maeander (1813) was a 38-gun fifth rate launched in 1813 and broken up in 1817.

HMS Maeander (1840) was a 44-gun fifth rate launched in 1840 and used as a coal hulk from 1859. She was ordered to be broken up in 1865 but survived to be wrecked in 1870.

Meander (mythology)
Meander, Maeander, Mæander or Maiandros (Ancient Greek: Μαίανδρος) was a river god in Greek mythology, patron deity of the Meander river (modern Büyük Menderes River) in Caria, southern Asia Minor (modern Turkey).

He was one of the sons of the Titans Oceanus and his sister/wife (incest) Tethys. Meander was the father of Cyanee, Samia (wife of Ancaeus, who begat Perilaus, Enudus, Samus, Alitherses and a daughter Parthenope), Kalamos and Callirhoe.
One Out of the Bag
One Out Of The Bag is a DVD/CD live release by New Zealand Rock music band Split Enz. It was recorded during their 2006 tour of Australia. This is also the first Split Enz release since Waiata/Corroboree to feature drummer Malcolm Green, who was sacked shortly before Waiata/Corroboree's release. Green shares drum duties with percussionist Noel Crombie.

Waiata (album)
Waiata, released as Corroboree  in Australia, is the sixth studio album by New Zealand new wave band Split Enz, released in March 1981. Waiata is the Māori term for song and singing, while corroboree is an Aboriginal term. According to Noel Crombie the intention was to name the album using a word from the natives of every country it was released in. This did not go ahead and the only country to adopt this change was Australia. The rest of the world kept the New Zealand title Waiata.

The songs "History Never Repeats" and "One Step Ahead" were among the first music videos aired on MTV when the cable television channel launched in the United States in 1981.
Succinic acid fermentation
Microbial production of Succinic acid can be performed with wild bacteria like Actinobacillus succinogenes, Mannheimia succiniciproducens and Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens or genetically modified Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Understanding of the central carbon metabolism of these organisms is crucial in determining the maximum obtainable yield of succinic acid on the carbon source employed as substrate.

Actinobacillus succinogenes
Actinobacillus succinogenes is a bacterium. It is a succinic acid-producing strain first isolated from the bovine rumen. It is a facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic, Gram-negative rod. Its type strain is ATCC 55618T.
Gérard Diffloth
Gérard Diffloth (13 February 1939 – 14 August 2023) was a French linguist known as a leading specialist in the Austroasiatic languages. As a linguistics professor, he was employed at the University of Chicago and Cornell University. He received his Ph.D. from UCLA, after a dissertation on the Irula language. He was an advocate of immersion fieldwork for linguistic research.

Diffloth was known for his widely cited 1974 and 2005 classifications of the Austroasiatic languages.

Diffloth was a consulting editor of the journal Mon-Khmer Studies.

Gérard Diffloth died on 14 August 2023, at the age of 84, in Surin, Thailand.

Irula language
Irula (Natively: ër̠la/ïr̠la, IPA: [ərla, ɨrla]) is a Dravidian language spoken by the Irulas who inhabit the area of the Nilgiri mountains, in the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka, India. It is closely related to Tamil. It is written in the Tamil script.
Wasco, California
Wasco (formerly Dewey and Deweyville) is a city in the San Joaquin Valley, in Kern County, California, United States. Wasco is located 24 miles (39 km) northwest of Bakersfield, at an elevation of 328 feet (100 m). The population was 27,047 at the 2020 census, up from 25,545 at the 2010 census.

Wasco is the headquarters of the Tejon Indian Tribe of California, a federally recognized tribe of Kitanemuk, Yokuts, and Chumash Indigenous people of California.

Tejon Indian Tribe
The Tejon Indian Tribe is a federally recognized tribe of Kitanemuk,  Yokuts, Paiute and Chumash Indigenous people of California.

Their ancestral homeland is the southern San Joaquin Valley, San Emigdio Mountains, and Tehachapi Mountains. Today they live in Kern County, California.
Amy Nicoletto
Amy Nicoletto is an American tattoo artist and television personality. She is most known for her appearances  on the TLC reality television show LA Ink. Her name is sometimes misspelled as Nicoletti or Nicoletta.

Tattoo artist
A tattoo artist (also tattooer or tattooist) is an individual who applies permanent decorative tattoos, often in an established business called a "tattoo shop", "tattoo studio" or "tattoo parlour". Tattoo artists usually learn their craft via an apprenticeship under a trained and experienced mentor.
Josh Cullen (footballer)
Joshua Jon Cullen (born 7 April 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for and captains Premier League club Burnley. Born in England, he plays for the Republic of Ireland national team at international level. He has previously played for West Ham United and Anderlecht and on loan for Bradford City, Bolton Wanderers and Charlton Athletic.

Republic of Ireland national under-21 football team
The Republic of Ireland national under-21 football team is a representative team of Irish football players. It is governed by the Football Association of Ireland and represents them at Under-21 level against the national teams of other national associations. The team played its first match in 1978 and has competed in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship since 1988.
Elba Benítez
Elba Benítez is a Spanish art dealer and the owner of Galería Elba Benítez in Calle San Lorenzo, Madrid.

Benítez has a degree in political science and sociology from the Complutense University of Madrid.

Galería Elba Benítez was founded in Madrid in 1990.

In 2016, she was included in Artnet's list of "Europe's 10 Most Respected Art Dealers".

Benítez represents artists including Vik Muniz, Ernesto Neto, Cristina Iglesias, and Miriam Bäckström.

Artnet
Artnet is an art market website based in New York City. Established in 1989 to provide consumers with access to databases of historical prices paid for works of art at auction, Artnet expanded in the 1990s to host its own online auctions and provide digital platforms for art galleries to publish their exhibitions online. The website has also hosted two successive digital publications focused on art world and market news, Artnet Magazine (1996–2012), and Artnet News (2014–present).

Artnet is owned by Artnet AG, a German company previously listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Artnet AG was acquired by the American venture capital firm Beowolff Capital in 2025 and taken private.
Maamannan
Maamannan (transl. Emperor) is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language political drama film written and directed by Mari Selvaraj, and produced by Udhayanidhi Stalin'via Red Giant Movies. The film stars Vadivelu as the title character, along with Fahadh Faasil, Keerthy Suresh, and Udhayanidhi in his final acting credit.

The film was officially announced in March 2022, and principal photography commenced later that month; production wrapped in September 2022. The music was composed by A. R. Rahman, while the cinematography and editing were handled by Theni Eswar and Selva R. K., respectively.

Maamannan was released in theatres on 29 June 2023. The film received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics and became a commercial success.

Political drama
A political drama can describe a play, film or TV program that has a political component, whether reflecting the author's political opinion, or describing a politician or series of political events.

Dramatists who have written political dramas include Aaron Sorkin, Robert Penn Warren, Sergei Eisenstein, Bertolt Brecht, Jean-Paul Sartre, Howard Brenton, Caryl Churchill, and Federico García Lorca.
Crno Boci
Crno Boci (Macedonian: Црно Боци) is a village in the municipality of Centar Župa, North Macedonia. Crno Boci, a former neighbourhood of the village of Balanci was elevated in the 1960s to the status of an independent village. The population density of the village is 6.4 km2.

Centar Župa Municipality
Centar Župa (Macedonian: Центар Жупаⓘ; Turkish: Merkez Jupa) is a municipality in the western part of North Macedonia. Centar Župa is also the name of the village where the municipal seat is found. Centar Župa Municipality is part of the Southwestern Statistical Region.
Doric Tetrapolis
The Doric Tetrapolis (Greek: Δωρική Τετράπολις) comprised a set of four closely situated cities in the valley of the Pindus River in the region of Doris in ancient Greece.  The four cities were Erineus, Boium, Cytinium, and Pindus. (Strabo x. p. 427.)

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Tetropolis". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

Kanianitis
The Kanianitis (Greek: Κανιανίτης) is a river in Phocis, central Greece. It receives its water from the mountains Oeta and Giona. It flows through the villages Kastellia, Gravia and Mariolata, and flows into the Cephissus near the village Lilaia in the municipality of Parnassos. In antiquity, it was called Pindos or Pindus (Greek: Πίνδος). The Pindus was a river of ancient Phocis and Doris. The ancient cities Lilaea and Pindus were situated on the river.
Vladimír Hartinger
Vladimír Hartinger (born July 16, 1979 in Šternberk) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He was formerly a member of the Huntsville Havoc in Huntsville, Alabama, and helped the team to win the Southern Professional Hockey League championship in 2009–10. Then later played in Rapid City, South Dakota for the Rapid City Rush in the Central Hockey League. Vladimir Hartinger has been involved with the sport of hockey from a young age.  He played with the Czech National team as well as the Czech Army team as a young adult.  Hartinger played professional hockey for the CHL, SPHL, and an international league from 2001 - 2011.  Vladimir has been coaching youth hockey in New Mexico since leaving professional hockey.  He is passionate about helping youth players develop not only as high level competitive players, but also as teammates and responsible young adults.

He also coaches youth ice hockey in New Mexico and Missouri.

Central Hockey League
The Central Hockey League (CHL) was a North American mid-level minor professional ice hockey league which operated from 1992 until 2014. It was founded by Ray Miron and Bill Levins and later sold to Global Entertainment Corporation, which operated the league from 2000 to 2013, at which point it was purchased by the individual franchise owners.  As of the end of its final season in 2014, three of the 30 National Hockey League teams had affiliations with the CHL: the Dallas Stars, Minnesota Wild, and Tampa Bay Lightning.

Several teams of defunct leagues joined the CHL along its history, including the Southern Hockey League, Western Professional Hockey League and International Hockey League. After two teams suspended operations during the 2014 offseason, the ECHL accepted the remaining seven teams as members in October 2014, meaning the end for the CHL after 22 seasons.
The Rural Minstrel
The Rural Minstrel: A Miscellany of Descriptive Poems is an 1813 book of poetry by Patrick Brontë. It was Brontë's second book of poetry after his Cottage Poems of 1811.

The title page describes the book as "Printed and sold by P.K. Holden, for the author, 1813" and that the book was sold by B. and R. Crosby & Co. of Stationer's Court, London. The collection has 108 pages and was priced at 5 shillings.

The collection includes a long poem set at Kirkstall Abbey, where Brontë had proposed to Maria Branwell in 1812. The poem "Lines, Addressed to a Lady on her Birth-day" is dedicated to Maria on her 30th birthday. The Rural Minstrel was published nine months after Patrick and Maria's wedding in December 1812.

Kirkstall Abbey
Kirkstall Abbey is a ruined Cistercian monastery in Kirkstall, north-west of Leeds city centre in West Yorkshire, England. It is set in a public park on the north bank of the River Aire. It was founded c. 1152. It was disestablished during the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII.

The picturesque ruins have been drawn and painted by artists such as J. M. W. Turner, Thomas Girtin and John Sell Cotman.

Kirkstall Abbey was acquired by the Leeds Corporation as a gift from Colonel North and opened to the public in the late 19th century. The gatehouse became a museum, which is now part of the Leeds Museums & Galleries group.