hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Haaparannan sanomat
Haaparannan sanomat ('Haparanda News') was a Finnish-language twice-weekly liberal newspaper published from Haparanda, Sweden, between 1916 and 1917. It was linked to the Swedish-language newspaper Haparanda Nyheter. Arwi Hällfors was the editor of the newspaper.

Liberalism in Europe
Liberalism in Europe is a political movement that supports a broad tradition of individual liberties and constitutionally-limited and democratically accountable government. These European derivatives of classical liberalism are found in centrist movements and parties, as well as some parties on the centre-left and the centre-right.

Most liberalism in Europe is conservative or classical whilst European social liberalism and progressivism is rooted in classical radicalism, a left-wing classical liberal idea. Liberalism in Europe is broadly divided into two groups: "social" (or "left-") and "conservative" (or "right-"). This differs from the USA's method of dividing liberalism into "modern" (simply liberal) and "classical" (or libertarian, albeit there is some disagreement), although the two groups are very similar to their European counterparts.
Heath's Meadows
Heath's Meadows is a local nature reserve with an area of over 5.5 ha (14 acres) located in Burgh le Marsh, Lincolnshire, England. It was acquired by Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust in 1969. The site was originally called Bratoft Meadows but was re-named in honour of Winifred Heath, a LWT fundraiser. The grassland meadows contain many flowers, including: cowslips, green-winged orchid, spotted orchid, adder's tongue, and dyer's greenweed.

Genista tinctoria
Genista tinctoria, the dyer's greenweed or dyer's broom, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. Its other common names include dyer's whin, waxen woad and waxen wood. The Latin specific epithet tinctoria means "used as a dye".
Martha Walker Freer
Martha Walker Freer (1822–1888) was an English writer on French history. She was the daughter of John Booth Freer, M.D. and Martha, daughter of Sir William Walker of Leicestershire, and was born in Leicester. In 1861 she married the Rev. John Robinson, rector of Widmerpool, near Nottingham and became Martha Walker Robinson, but she continued to write under her maiden name. She died on 28 June 1888.

Widmerpool
Widmerpool is a village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, about 10 miles south-south-east of Nottingham and some 7.5 miles north-east of Loughborough. It is one of Nottinghamshire's oldest settlements and is just over a mile west of the A46 (the Fosse Way). Extensive dual carriageway road works along the A46 have now been completed. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 262, increasing to 339 at the 2011 census, and falling slightly to 327 residents at the 2021 census. Until the 1960s there had not been any building in the village for 100 years.

Widmerpool is also the surname of a disreputable character in Anthony Powell's twelve-volume sequence of novels A Dance to the Music of Time. The connexion between the village and the character can be explored at Kenneth Widmerpool.
Daiki Kamikawa
Daiki Kamikawa (上川 大樹, Kamikawa Daiki; born 9 November 1989 in Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi) is a Japanese judoka. He won the gold medal in the openweight division at the 2010 World Judo Championships by defeating Teddy Riner of France by a flags decision. Kamikawa is known for being a very technical judoka for a heavy weight and uses techniques such as harai goshi and uchi mata with frequency. He represented Japan at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Uchi mata
Uchi mata (内股) is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Kanō Jigorō. It belongs to the second group, Dai Nikyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo (no waza), of Kodokan Judo. It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo. It is classified as a foot technique, Ashi-Waza. A counter to uchi mata is uchi mata sukashi as well as Te Guruma. To this day uchi mata has consistently been one of the highest scoring techniques in competition.
Yan Lik Kin
Yan Lik Kin (Chinese: 甄力健; Jyutping: jan1 lik6 gin6, born 13 July 1961) is a Hong Kong football coach.

He played for Seiko, South China, Sing Tao, Instant Dict, Golden/Sun Hei and Happy Valley. He qualified as an AFC Class A coach. He is the coach of Hong Kong team that participating 2009–10 Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup.

As he looked like singer Jacky Cheung when he was a player, he was also nicknamed "Jacky Cheung on the football pitch". Fans of Jacky Cheung mistook him for Cheung and sought his signature.

Happy Valley AA
Happy Valley Athletic Association (Chinese: 愉園體育會), known simply as Happy Valley or HVAA, is a Hong Kong sports club which no longer competes in the Hong Kong football league system. They are historically one of the most successful football clubs in Hong Kong, having won the First Division six times and had consistently been in the top division, until they were relegated to the Second Division after the 2009–10 season.

The football section is part of a sports association which also operates swimming, basketball, first aid, table tennis, athletics and various other recreation activities under its umbrella.
2018 Ohio House of Representatives election
An election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect all 99 members to Ohio's House of Representatives. The election coincided with the elections for other offices, including U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, state governor and state senate. The primary election was held on May 8, 2018.

Republicans retained a supermajority in the House despite a net loss of five seats, winning 61 seats compared to 38 seats for the Democrats.

Supermajority
A supermajority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of one-half used for a simple majority, the latter sometimes expressed as a "50% + 1 vote". Supermajority rules in a democracy can help to prevent a majority from eroding fundamental rights of a minority, but can also hamper efforts to respond to problems and encourage corrupt compromises at times when action is taken. Changes to constitutions, especially those with entrenched clauses, commonly require supermajority support in a legislature. In consensus democracy, the supermajority rule is applied in most cases.
Barkakana–Netaji S.C.Bose Gomoh line
The Barkakana–Netaji S.C.Bose Gomoh line is a railway line connecting Barkakana and Gomoh in India. This 105-kilometre long (65 mi) track is under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway.  The section links to South Eastern Railway through Bokaro Steel City and Adra.

East Central Railway zone
The East Central Railway (ECR) is one of the 19 railway zones in India, serving primarily the eastern and central regions of the country. Headquartered in Hajipur, Bihar, the zone manages a vast network of railway lines across five divisions: Sonpur, Samastipur, Dhanbad, Danapur & Deen Dayal Upadhyaya
Colleen Hoover
Margaret Colleen Hoover (née Fennell; born December 11, 1979) is an American author who primarily writes novels in the romance and young adult fiction genres. She is best known for her 2016 novel It Ends with Us. Many of her works were self-published before they were picked up by a publishing house. As of October 2022, Hoover has sold approximately 20 million books. She was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2023.

Tarryn Fisher
Tarryn Fisher (born 1983) is a South African-born novelist based in Seattle, Washington, United States. She writes primarily in the romance, thriller, and new adult genres, and is best known for her New York Times best selling novels The Wives and The Wrong Family.
Conesus Lake, New York
Conesus Lake is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Livingston County, New York, United States. Its population was 2,584 as of the 2010 census. The community is located in the towns of Geneseo, Livonia, Groveland, and Conesus and covers Conesus Lake, the westernmost of New York's Finger Lakes, and nearly all of the lake's shoreline communities.

Finger Lakes
The Finger Lakes are a group of eleven long, narrow, roughly north–south lakes located in an area called the Finger Lakes region in New York, in the United States. This region straddles the northern and transitional edge of the Northern Allegheny Plateau, known as the Finger Lakes Uplands and Gorges ecoregion, and the Ontario Lowlands ecoregion of the Great Lakes Lowlands.

The geological term finger lake refers to a long, narrow lake in an overdeepened glacial valley, while the proper name Finger Lakes goes back to the late 19th century. Cayuga and Seneca Lakes are among the deepest in the United States, measuring 435 and 618 feet (133 and 188 m), respectively, with bottoms well below sea level. Though none of the lakes' widths exceed 3.5 miles (5.6 km), Seneca Lake is 38.1 miles (61.3 km) long, and at 66.9 square miles (173 km2) is the largest in total area.
Glenn B. Woodruff
Glenn Barton Woodruff was an American civil engineer who worked as a design engineer for the 1936 spano of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge and 1957 Mackinac Bridge. He worked as a consulting engineer and for the engineering firms Woodruff and Sampson as well as the Bechtel Corp. He was a celebrated bridge designer and consulting engineer in the San Francisco Bay Area from the 1930s to 1960s. He was in high profile investigations such as the 1940 collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge and the Reber Plan of the late 1940s.

Yerba Buena Tunnel
The Yerba Buena Tunnel, also known as the Yerba Buena Island Tunnel, is a highway tunnel in San Francisco, California. It is the part of San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge complex that crosses Yerba Buena Island. The Yerba Buena Tunnel carries ten lanes of Interstate 80 (I-80) on two decks, connecting the two component spans of the Bay Bridge, the western suspension span and the eastern self-anchored suspension span. At the opening of the Bay Bridge in 1936, it was the world's largest-bore tunnel.
1976 PGA Championship
The 1976 PGA Championship was the 58th PGA Championship, played August 12–16 at Congressional Country Club (Blue Course) in Bethesda, Maryland, a suburb northwest of Washington, D.C. Held six weeks following the United States Bicentennial, it was the second major at Congressional; the U.S. Open was conducted twelve years earlier in 1964.

Dave Stockton, the 1970 champion, sank a 15-foot (5 m) putt to save par on the 72nd hole to win his second PGA Championship, one stroke ahead of runners-up Raymond Floyd and Don January. The final round was delayed to Monday for the first time, due to weather. Stockton's final putt averted the first sudden-death playoff in major championship history, which came a year later at the 1977 PGA Championship.

Defending champion Jack Nicklaus shot a final round 74 (+4) and finished two strokes back, in a tie for fourth. Third round leader Charles Coody shot 77 and fell into a tie for eighth.

United States Bicentennial
The United States Bicentennial was a series of celebrations and observances during the mid-1970s that paid tribute to historical events leading up to the creation of the United States as an independent republic. It was a central event in the memory of the American Revolution. The Bicentennial culminated on Sunday, July 4, 1976, with the 200th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence by the Founding Fathers in the Second Continental Congress.
Gladys Bustamante
Gladys Maud, Lady Bustamante, OJ (née Longbridge; 8 March 1912 – 25 July 2009) was a Jamaican workers' and women's rights activist and wife of Sir Alexander Bustamante, Jamaica's first Prime Minister. She was a prominent member of the Jamaican trade union movement, and was affectionately known as "Lady B".

She has been called the "Mother of the Nation" due to her relationship with many of Jamaica's founders. Jamaican Prime Minister Bruce Golding has called Bustamante "an icon of political struggles" in Jamaica's march towards independence.

Bustamante Industrial Trade Union
The Bustamante Industrial Trade Union (BITU, also referred to as the Busta Union) is a trade union center in Jamaica established by Sir Alexander Bustamante. The BITU was formed in 1938, as a split from the Jamaica Workers and Tradesmen's Union.  It built up a membership of 54,000 within 6 years. It is affiliated to the International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Association.
Bahupura Uparwar
Bahupura Uparwar is a village in Deegh Mandal, Bhadohi district, Uttar Pradesh State. Bahupura Uparwar is located 39.7 km distance from its District Main City Bhadohi. It is located 222 km distance from its State Main City Lucknow.

Bhadohi district
Bhadohi district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. It is also referred to as Sant Ravidas Nagar. It is the smallest district by area in the state of Uttar Pradesh which was created on June 30, 1994 by dividing western part of the district Varanasi. It is surrounded by Varanasi district on east, Prayagraj district on west, Jaunpur north and Mirzapur district in south. The state capital Lucknow is distanced at 234 KM from Bhadohi. Its district headquarters is situated in the city of Gyanpur. The district is popularly known for carpet weaving as it is one of largest centres of Carpet Industries in India and therefore it also  known as the 'Carpet City of India'. Carpets of Bhadohi have 'Geographical Indication' tag attached to it. Bhadohi has huge geographical significance and position attached to it due to its location between two culturally important and rich heritage cities of Prayagraj and Varanasi.
Anders Eriksson (footballer)
Anders Eriksson (born 19 April 1965) is a Finnish former football player. He played as a defender, and was capped 15 times for Finland scoring one goal.

Eriksson played for FF Jaro, KPV, RoPS and FC Inter at the first tier in Finland. He also played in the Norwegian First Division with Bryne and Lyn, and in Allsvenskan with Östers IF. Eriksson played for Lyn in the 1994 Norwegian Football Cup final, and became the first Finnish player to play in a Norwegian Football Cup final.

1994 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1994 Norwegian Football Cup was the 89th edition of the Norwegian Football Cup. The 1994 Norwegian Football Cup was won by Molde after they defeated Lyn in the final with the score 3–2. Both teams played in the 1. divisjon (Level 2) at the time.
Polygraff
Polygraff was a quarterly anthology of short stories in science fiction, fantasy, horror, pulp, cyberpunk, and other genres of speculative fiction. It was available in print since 2009. As of July 2010, Polygraff had completed its first volume of publication, consisting of 4 issues.

The contents of Polygraff included short stories, an editorial, publication reviews and interviews. The magazine featured an in-depth interview with Gor author John Norman in Volume 1, Issue No. 2. This was the only known interview with Mr. Norman currently in print (at that time).

Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre of fiction that encompasses all the subgenres that depart from realism, or strictly imitating everyday reality, instead presenting fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative realms or beings.

This catch-all genre includes, but is not limited to: fantasy, science fiction, science fantasy, superhero, paranormal and supernatural horror, alternate history, magical realism, slipstream, weird fiction, utopia and dystopia, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. In other words, the genre presents individuals, events, or places beyond the ordinary real world.

The term speculative fiction has been used for works of literature, film, television, drama, video games, radio, and hybrid media.
Sanele Vavae Tuilagi
Sanele Vavae Tuilagi (born 15 June 1988) is a Samoan professional rugby player. Sanele is the younger brother of former and current Samoan internationals Henry, Freddie, Alesana, Anitelea Tuilagi and the older brother of England international Manu Tuilagi.

Tuilagi played for the Samoan National U-20 team in the 2008 IRB Junior World Championship. He also represented Savaii Samoa in the 2010 IRB Pacific Rugby Cup. In 2015, he represented the Samoan national side, making his debut in the opening round of the 2015 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup against the United States.

Tuilagi played for French club Narbonne in the Rugby Pro D2. He now plays for US Carcassonne and is also playing rugby league for AS Carcassonne in the Elite One Championship.

US Carcassonne
Union Sportive Carcassonnaise are a French rugby union club based in Carcassonne. US Carcassonne currently compete in the Pro D2, the second tier of French rugby. The club was established in 1899. They play in black and yellow colours and at the Stade Albert Domec. Carcassonne have contested one French championship final in their history; losing to USA Perpignan in 1925.
Nowe Borne
Nowe Borne [ˈnɔvɛ ˈbɔrnɛ] (German: Kolonie Alt Hütten) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

Świdwin County
Świdwin County (Polish: powiat świdwiński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Świdwin, which lies 89 kilometres (55 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Połczyn-Zdrój, lying 23 km (14 mi) east of Świdwin.

The county covers an area of 1,093.06 square kilometres (422.0 sq mi). As of 2012 its total population is 49,181.
Micrelenchus
Micrelenchus is a genus of small sea snails that have shells with pearly interiors and an operculum. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cantharidinae  of the family Trochidae, the top snails or top shells.

This genus is only known to occur in New Zealand.

Baden Powell (malacologist)
Arthur William Baden Powell CBE (4 April 1901 – 1 July 1987) was a New Zealand malacologist, naturalist and palaeontologist, a major influence in the study and classification of New Zealand molluscs through much of the 20th century. He was known to his friends and family by his third name, "Baden".
Linwood Springs Research Station
The Linwood Springs Research Station (LSRS) is a raptor research station located in Stevens Point, Wisconsin. Each fall, the station conducts studies on migrant northern saw-whet owls are to gain information about their migration routes, molt patterns, mortality rates, and winter and summer ranges.

The station also studies red-shouldered and sharp-shinned hawks. These are nesting ecology studies that are conducted annually to determine productivity, reoccupancy, natal dispersal, and nest site fidelity.

Additionally, each summer and fall a five-day raptor workshop is offered for those interested in gaining valuable field experience working with many of the techniques used in raptor studies.

Moulting
In biology, moulting (British English), or molting (American English), also known as sloughing, shedding, or in many invertebrates, ecdysis, is a process by which an animal casts off parts of its body to serve some beneficial purpose, either at specific times of the year, or at specific points in its life cycle.

In medieval times, it was also known as "mewing" (from the French verb "muer", to moult), a term that lives on in the name of Britain's Royal Mews where the King's hawks used to be kept during moulting time before becoming horse stables after Tudor times.

Moulting can involve shedding the epidermis (skin), pelage (hair, feathers, fur, wool), or other external layer. In some groups, other body parts may be shed, for example, the entire exoskeleton in arthropods, including the wings in some insects.
Scebatiana
Scebatiana was an ancient civitas of the Roman Province of Byzacena during the Roman Empire and late antiquity. The exact location of the town is unknown, but is thought to be somewhere in southern Tunisia.

Civitas
In Ancient Rome, a civitas (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkiːwɪtaːs]; plural civitates), sometimes translated as "city", was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by their laws, which gave them responsibilities (Latin: munera) on the one hand, and rights on the other. The agreement (concilium) has a life of its own, creating a res publica or "public entity" (synonymous with civitas), into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are ejected. The civitas is not just the collective body of all the citizens; it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a civis.
Joseph Smith (general)
Joseph Smith (31 October 1901 – 19 May 1993) was a United States Air Force lieutenant general. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, in June 1923 and was commissioned in the  Cavalry but transferred to the United States Army Air Corps in 1929. During World War II, he served in the China-Burma-India Theater and on Okinawa. After the war he became the commandant of the Air Tactical School. He commanded the Military Air Transport Service from 1952 until his retirement in 1958.

Army Air Forces Tactical Center
The Army Air Forces Tactical Center was a major command and military training organization of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. It trained cadres from newly formed units in combat operations under simulated field conditions around which new combat groups would be formed.  It was established as the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics (AAFSAT) in 1942 and redesignated the following year.

In addition to its training function, the school also developed as a tactical doctrine development center, assuming the functions formerly assigned the Air Corps Tactical School. In June 1946, the center became the Army Air Forces Proving Ground Command.
Lowville and Beaver River Railroad
The Lowville and Beaver River Railroad (reporting mark LBR) was a short-line railroad that was owned by Genesee Valley Transportation (GVT) of Batavia, New York from 1993 to November 2025.  Click here for an archived System Map.

The Lowville & Beaver River ran from an interchange, with GVT subsidiary Mohawk, Adirondack and Northern Railroad (MHWA) at Lowville, NY to Croghan, New York.

Croghan, New York
Croghan /ˈkroʊɡən/ is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 3,093 at the 2010 census. The town is in the northern part of the county and located northeast of the county seat, Lowville. The town contains a village also named Croghan, a small part of which is located in the adjacent town of New Bremen.  Both the village and town are locally pronounced \Krō-gun\ (with a hard g and silent h, emphasis on the first syllable).
History of education in Japan
The history of education in Japan dates back at least to the sixth century, when Chinese learning was introduced at the Yamato court. Foreign civilizations have often provided new ideas for the development of Japan's own culture.

Imperial Rescript on Education
The Imperial Rescript on Education (教育ニ関スル勅語, Kyōiku ni Kansuru Chokugo), or IRE for short, was signed by Emperor Meiji of Japan on 30 October 1890 to articulate government policy on the guiding principles of education on the Empire of Japan. The 315 character document was read aloud at all important school events, and students were required to study and memorize the text.