hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dihydrofolate reductase
Dihydrofolate reductase, or DHFR, is an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, using NADPH as an electron donor, which can be converted to the kinds of tetrahydrofolate cofactors used in one-carbon transfer chemistry. In humans, the DHFR enzyme is encoded by the DHFR gene. It is found in the q14.1 region of chromosome 5.

There are two structural classes of DHFR, evolutionarily unrelated to each other. The former is usually just called DHFR and is found in bacterial chromosomes and animals. In bacteria, however, antibiotic pressure has caused this class to evolve different patterns of binding diaminoheterocyclic molecules, leading to many "types" named under this class, while mammalian ones remain highly similar. The latter (type II), represented by the plastid-encoded R67, is a tiny enzyme that works by forming a homotetramer.

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.
The Pupil (TV series)
The Pupil is a Singaporean drama series that aired on MediaCorp Channel 5, revolving around the legal profession of Singaporean lawyers and the cases they take on as civil litigators. During its span of two years, the first season premiered on 7 January 2010, while the second season premiered on 18 August 2011, which concluded on 8 November of the same year.

The show received favourable reviews and multiple spin-offs were created based on the series, including Code of Law, Derek, and Forensik.

Legal profession
Legal profession is a profession in which legal professionals study, develop and apply law. Usually, there is a requirement for someone choosing a career in law to first pass a bar examination after obtaining a law degree or some other form of legal education such as an apprenticeship in a law office.

It is difficult to generalize about the structure of the profession, because

there are two major legal systems, and even within them, there are different arrangements in jurisdictions, and

terminology varies greatly.

While in civil law countries there are usually distinct clearly defined career paths in law, such as judge, in common law jurisdictions there tends to be one legal profession, and it is not uncommon, for instance, that a requirement for a judge is several years of practising law privately.
Mary McCarthy (CIA)
Mary O'Neil McCarthy (born 1945) is a former United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee who last worked in the Office of the Inspector General. In her career, she was an intelligence analyst and national intelligence officer for warning.

She was dismissed on April 21, 2006, after, according to the CIA, an individual admitted "unauthorized contacts with the media and discussion of classified information" following a polygraph examination.

Termination of employment
Termination of employment or separation of employment is an employee's departure from a job and the end of their time with an employer. Termination may be voluntary on the employee's part (resignation), or it may be at the hands of the employer, often in the form of dismissal (firing or sacking) or a layoff. Dismissal or firing is usually thought to be the employee's fault, whereas a layoff is generally done for business reasons (for instance, a business slowdown or an economic downturn) outside the employee's performance.

Firing carries a stigma in many cultures and may hinder the jobseeker's chances of finding new employment, particularly if they have been terminated from a previous job. Jobseekers sometimes do not mention jobs from which they were fired on their resumes. Accordingly, unexplained gaps in employment, and refusal or failure to contact previous employers are often regarded as "red flags".
Pavan Rathnayake
Pavan Rathnayake (Sinhala: පවන් රත්නායක, [paʋan ratnaːjəkə]; born 24 August 2002) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Sri Lanka Police Sports Club in Tier B of the 2018–19 Premier League Tournament on 17 April 2019. He made his Twenty20 debut on 10 March 2021, for Colombo Cricket Club in the 2020–21 SLC Twenty20 Tournament. In August 2021, he was named in the SLC Blues team for the 2021 SLC Invitational T20 League tournament.

Colombo Cricket Club
The Colombo Cricket Club (CCC) is a first-class cricket club in Sri Lanka.  It is the oldest in the country, having been formed in 1863, and is headquartered at 31 Maitland Crescent, Colombo 7, close to the headquarters of Sri Lanka Cricket.
Loomis, Washington
Loomis is a census-designated place (CDP) in Okanogan County, Washington, United States. The population was 159 at the 2010 census. Its area is 0.85 square miles (2.2 km2), which is all land and no water.

Wind chill
Wind chill (popularly wind chill factor) is the sensation of cold produced by the wind for a given ambient air temperature on exposed skin as the air motion accelerates the rate of heat transfer from the body to the surrounding atmosphere. Its values are always lower than the air temperature in the range where the formula is valid. When the apparent temperature is higher than the air temperature, the heat index is used instead.
AFC Cup and AFC Champions League Two records and statistics
This page details all statistics of all seasons of the AFC Cup and AFC Champions League Two. These statistics do not include the qualifying rounds of the AFC Cup and AFC Champions League Two, unless otherwise noted.

2023–24 AFC Cup
The 2023–24 AFC Cup was the 20th edition of the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the final edition under the AFC Cup title, as the competition was revamped under the name AFC Champions League Two starting in 2024–25. This was the first AFC Cup season to have a two-year (autumn-to-spring) schedule, unlike the previous all-year-round (spring-to-autumn) schedule.

As the title holders, Al-Seeb qualified for the 2023–24 AFC Champions League playoff stage. So they were unable to defend their title.

Central Coast Mariners won the competition for the first time, defeating Al Ahed 1–0 in the final. Central Coast Mariners' victory meant that Australia became the first nation to have had clubs winning both the AFC Champions League and AFC Cup, following Western Sydney Wanderers' victory in the 2014 AFC Champions League.
Pylene
Pylene (Ancient Greek: Πυλήνη) was a town of ancient Aetolia, between the Acheolous and the Evenus, mentioned in Homer's Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad, is placed by Pliny the Elder on the Corinthian Gulf. It would therefore seem to have existed in later times. Strabo says that the Aeolians who took Pylene afterwards removed higher up into the country and founded Proschium.

Its site is tentatively located near the modern Magoula/Aitolikon.

Catalogue of Ships
The Catalogue of Ships (Ancient Greek: νεῶν κατάλογος, neōn katálogos) is an epic catalogue in Book 2 of Homer's Iliad (2.494–759), which lists the contingents of the Achaean army that sailed to Troy. The catalogue gives the names of the leaders of each contingent, lists the settlements in the kingdom represented by the contingent, sometimes with a descriptive epithet that fills out a half-verse or articulates the flow of names and parentage and place, and gives the number of ships required to transport the men to Troy, offering further differentiations of weightiness. A similar, though shorter, Catalogue of the Trojans and their allies follows (2.816–877). A similar catalogue appears in the Pseudo-Apollodoran Bibliotheca.
Véronique Pecqueux-Rolland
Véronique Pecqueux-Rolland (born 9 October 1972) is a French former handballer who played for the French national team. She received a gold medal at the 2003 World Championship and a silver medal at the 1999 World Championship. She won the Cup Winners' Cup with ES Besançon in 2003.

Pecqueux-Rolland made her debut with the national team on 12 March 1993. She stopped playing for France after the 2008 Summer Olympics, having scored 898 goals in 302 matches. She retired from handball in April 2009.

1999 World Women's Handball Championship
The 1999 World Women's Handball Championship, the 14th of its kind, was held between November 29 and December 12, 1999, and was jointly hosted by Denmark and Norway, with the finals being played in Lillehammer, Norway.

Norway won their first ever World Cup title.
South Korea at the 1992 Winter Olympics
South Korea was represented at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France by the Korean Olympic Committee.

In total, 23 athletes including 19 men and four women represented South Korea in six different sports including alpine skiing, biathlon, cross-country skiing, figure skating, short track speed skating and speed skating.

South Korea won four medals at the games, all in short track speed skating, after Kim Ki-hoon won gold in the women's 500 m, the men's relay team won gold in the men's 5,000 m relay and Kim Yoon-man and Lee Joon-ho won silver and bronze respectively in the men's 1,000 m.

Korean Sport & Olympic Committee
The Korean Sport & Olympic Committee (Korean: 대한체육회; Hanja: 大韓體育會, abbr. KSOC) is the National Olympic Committee of Republic of Korea (competing as Korea) for the Olympic Games movement and inbound sports issue. It is a non-profit organization that selects players and teams to represent the nation, and raises funds to send them to Olympic events organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Rumbula, Riga
Rumbula is a neighbourhood of Riga located in the Latgale Suburb, on the right bank of the Daugava river. With a population of about 882 inhabitants in 2024, Rumbula's territory covers 6.978 km2 (2.694 sq mi).

Rumbula is also the home of Rumbula Air Base, a defunct airport formerly used by Soviet and Latvian armies. Rumbula is home to Kurbads Ice Hall, which serves as the home arena of the ice hockey team HK Kurbads.

Rumbula is served by the Rumbula Station on the Riga–Daugavpils Railway.

Riga–Daugavpils Railway
The Riga–Daugavpils railway line (Latvian: Dzelzceļa līnija Rīga—Daugavpils) is a 218-kilometre (135 mi) long railway line in Latvia that connects the cities of Riga in central Latvia and Daugavpils in south-eastern Latvia.

The railway line is double track between Riga and Krustpils and single track between Krustpils and Daugavpils. It is electrified between Riga and Aizkraukle. The track gauge is 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) (Russian gauge). It was built in 1861, and is one of the oldest railway lines in Latvia.
Ynyshir
Ynyshir (Welsh: [ənɪshiːr]; English pronunciation 'Un-is-heer') is a village and community located in the Rhondda Valley, within Rhondda Cynon Taf, South Wales. The name of the village means "long island" in Welsh and takes its name from a farm in the area, falling within the historic parishes of Ystradyfodwg and Llanwynno (Llanwonno). The community of Ynyshir lies between the small adjoining village of Wattstown and the larger town of neighbouring Porth.

Ynyshir has its own post office, doctor's surgery and a number of shops and other significant amenities, although these represent a fraction of the businesses that once fronted the main road – Ynyshir Road during the village's heyday. It is also home to local football teams Ynyshir Albions and Ynyshir and Wattstown Boys Club.

Ystradyfodwg
Ystradyfodwg or Ystrad Dyfodwg (Vale of Tyfodwg) was an ancient upland parish in Glamorgan, Wales. It is believed to have been named after Dyfodwg (or Tyfodwg) a 6th-century saint or chieftain. The parish included most of the area which would later be known as Rhondda named for the parish rivers, Rhondda Fawr and Rhondda Fach.
PKS 0438−436
PKS 0438−436, also known as PKS J0440−4333, is a quasar located in constellation Caelum. With a high redshift of 2.86, the object is located 11.2 billion light-years from Earth and is classified as a blazar due to its flat-spectrum radio source, (in terms of the flux density as (Fv ~ V−a) with α < 0.5 and its optical polarization.

Calibration
In measurement technology and metrology, calibration is the comparison of measurement values delivered by a device under test with those of a calibration standard of known accuracy. Such a standard could be another measurement device of known accuracy, a device generating the quantity to be measured such as a voltage, a sound tone, or a physical artifact, such as a meter ruler.

The outcome of the comparison can result in one of the following:

no significant error being noted on the device under test

a significant error being noted but no adjustment made

an adjustment made to correct the error to an acceptable level

Strictly speaking, the term "calibration" means just the act of comparison and does not include any subsequent adjustment.

The calibration standard is normally traceable to a national or international standard held by a metrology body.
Wayne Horvitz
Wayne Horvitz (born September 1, 1955) is an American composer, keyboardist and record producer. He came to prominence in the Downtown scene of 1980s and '90s New York City, where he met his future wife, the singer, songwriter and pianist Robin Holcomb. He is noted for working with John Zorn's Naked City among others. Horvitz has since relocated to the Seattle, Washington area where he has several ongoing groups and has worked as an adjunct professor of composition at Cornish College of the Arts.

Cornish College of the Arts
The Cornish College of the Arts (CCA) is the art college of Seattle University, a private Jesuit university in Seattle, Washington, United States. Founded in 1914 by music teacher Nellie Cornish, it operated as a private art college until it was absorbed by Seattle University on June 2, 2025. The college's main campus is in the Denny Triangle portion of the South Lake Union neighborhood near downtown Seattle.
Ralph Covert
Ralph Covert is an American musician, singer, songwriter, performer, producer, playwright, actor, educator, and record company executive. He is the lead singer of children's music group Ralph's World and lead singer of the Chicago based indie-rock band The Bad Examples. Ralph's World was nominated for Best Musical Album for Children at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards.

Among his many songs, he has a writing credit for the song "Not Dead Yet", featured on the Styx album Edge of the Century, released in 1990.

Along with G. Riley Mills, he wrote Sawdust And Spangles and Streeterville, both earning Joseph Jefferson Awards for Best New Work. The pair also collaborated on The Flower Thieves and A Nutcracker Christmas.

He has also worked as a record producer. His production credits include Framing Caroline by Los Angeles based singer-songwriter Kat Parsons, released in 1999.

Jeff Award
The Joseph Jefferson Award, more commonly known informally as the Jeff Award, is given for theatre arts produced in the Chicago area. Founded in 1968, the awards are named in tribute to actor Joseph Jefferson, a 19th-century American theater star who, as a child, was a player in Chicago's first theater company.  Two types of awards are given: "Equity" (annual judging season August 1 to July 31) for work done under an Actors' Equity Association contract, and "Non-Equity" (annual judging season April 1 to March 31) for non-union work. Award recipients are determined by a secret ballot.
Mount Tao
Mount Tao (Chinese: 桃山; pinyin: Tao Shān) is a 3,325-metre-high (10,909 ft) mountain located in the north of Wuling Farm and is one of the Snow Mountains group. The mountain is ranked 44 on the Taiwan hiking declination scale; it borders Jianshi ridge, Hsinchu County, Taichung City and Heping District, and is marked with peakpoint label no. 6327. In the local Atayal language the mountain is known as "B'bu Qba", meaning "fist hill". In Chinese the name translates to "Peach" mountain, due to the view from the southwest side.

Atayal language
The Atayal language is an Austronesian language spoken by the Atayal people of Taiwan. Squliq and C’uli’ (Ts’ole’) are two major dialects. Matu’uwal and Pa’kuali’, two subdialects of C’uli’, are unique among Atayal dialects in having male and female register distinctions in their vocabulary.
Summer Whispers
Summer Whispers (Korean: 여름, 속삭임; RR: Yeoreum, soksagim) is a 2008 South Korean romance film starring Lee Young-eun and Ha Seok-jin. It is written and directed by first-time director Kim Eun-joo. Lee was nominated Best New Actress at the 46th Grand Bell Awards in 2009.

46th Grand Bell Awards
The Grand Bell Awards (Korean: 대종상 영화제; RR: Daejongsang Yeonghwajae), also known as Daejong Film Awards, are determined and presented annually by The Motion Pictures Association of Korea for excellence in film in South Korea. The Grand Bell Awards were first presented in 1962 and have gained prestige as the Korean equivalent of the American Academy Awards.
Pokémon Art Academy
Pokémon Art Academy is a 2014 educational drawing game developed by Headstrong Games and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS. It is a spin-off of the Art Academy series featuring characters from the Pokémon media franchise. The game was made available as both a retail and downloadable release from the Nintendo eShop, and is the first 3DS title with built-in Miiverse support for sharing artwork.

Educational entertainment
Educational entertainment, also referred to by the portmanteau edutainment, is media designed to educate through entertainment. The term has been used as early as 1933. Most often it includes content intended to teach but has incidental entertainment value. It has been used by academia, corporations, governments, and other entities in various countries to disseminate information in classrooms and/or via television, radio, and other media to influence viewers' opinions and behaviors.
Wonieść, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Wonieść [ˈvɔɲɛɕt͡ɕ] is a village in western Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, in Kościan County, in the administrative district of gmina Śmigiel.

Wonieść lies beside Lake Wonieść. In the village, there are St. Lawrence church and a hospital specializing in treating neurosis.

Kościan County
Kościan County (Polish: powiat kościański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kościan, which lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań. The county contains three other towns: Śmigiel, 13 km (8 mi) south-west of Kościan, Czempiń, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Kościan, and Krzywiń, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Kościan.

The county covers an area of 722.53 square kilometres (279.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 77,760, out of which the population of Kościan is 24,102, that of Śmigiel is 5,452, that of Czempiń is 5,135, that of Krzywiń is 1,547, and the rural population is 41,524.
Bitter Lake (film)
Bitter Lake is a 2015 BBC documentary by British filmmaker Adam Curtis. It argues that Western politicians have manufactured a simplified story about militant Islam, turning it into a good vs. evil argument informed by, and in a reaction to, Western society's increasing chaos and disorder, which they neither grasp nor understand. The film makes extended use of newsreels and archive footage, and intersperses brief narrative segments with longer segments that depict violence and war in Afghanistan.

Newsreel
A newsreel is a form of short documentary film, containing news stories and items of topical interest, that was prevalent between the 1910s and the mid 1970s. Typically presented in a cinema, newsreels were a source of current affairs, information, and entertainment for millions of moviegoers. Newsreels were typically exhibited preceding a feature film, but there were also dedicated newsreel theaters in many major cities in the 1930s and ’40s, and some large city cinemas also included a smaller theaterette where newsreels were screened continuously throughout the day.

By the end of the 1960s television news broadcasts had supplanted the format. Newsreels are considered significant historical documents, since they are often the only audiovisual record of certain cultural events.
Planica 1941
Planica 1941 was a ski flying study week, allowed only in study purposes, with main competition held on 2 March 1941 in Planica, Drava Banovina, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Around 15,000 people gathered for the competition, which was used as a propaganda tool by the Nazi regime. Two world records were set, including a 118-metre (387 ft) jump which stood until 1948.

Drava Banovina
The Drava Banovina or Drava Banate (Slovene and Serbo-Croatian: Dravska banovina), was a province (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. This province consisted of most of present-day Slovenia and was named for the Drava River. The capital city of the Drava Banovina was Ljubljana.
Philip Wormald
Philip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire.

Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of which came against Leicestershire in the 1991 NatWest Trophy. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 42 runs at an average of 14.00, with a high score of 16. With the ball he took 5 wickets at a bowling average of 31.40, with best figures of 2/85.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Sophie Carmen Eckhardt-Gramatté
Sophie Carmen Eckhardt-Gramatté (Russian: Софи Кармен Экхардт-Граматте; 6 January 1899 [O.S. 25 December 1898] in Moscow, Russia – 2 December 1974 in Stuttgart, Germany) was a Russian-born Canadian composer, virtuoso pianist, and violinist.

Virtuoso
A virtuoso (from Italian virtuoso, Italian: [virˈtwoːzo] or Italian: [virtuˈoːso]; Late Latin virtuosus; Latin virtus; 'virtue', 'excellence' or 'skill') is an individual who possesses outstanding talent and technical ability in a particular art or field such as fine arts, music, singing, playing a musical instrument, or composition.