hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1949 Little League World Series
The 1949 Little League World Series was held from August 24 to August 27 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The Hammonton All Stars of Hammonton, New Jersey, defeated the Pensacola All Stars of Pensacola, Florida, in the third championship game of Little League Baseball.

This was the first tournament to be called the "Little League World Series". Attendees at the championship game included Ford Frick, president of the National League (and later Commissioner of Baseball).

Commissioner of Baseball
The commissioner of baseball is the chief executive officer of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the associated Minor League Baseball (MiLB) – a constellation of leagues and clubs known as "organized baseball". Under the direction of the commissioner, the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball hires and maintains the sport's umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, and television contracts. The commissioner is chosen by a vote of the owners of the teams. The incumbent MLB commissioner is Rob Manfred, who assumed office on January 25, 2015.
Birkbeck Building
The Birkbeck Building is a four-storey office building in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is a National Historic Site of Canada and is protected under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act since 1976  with an Ontario Heritage Trust easement on the property.

Ontario Heritage Act
The Ontario Heritage Act, (the Act) first enacted on March 5, 1975,  allows municipalities and the provincial government to designate individual properties and districts in the Canadian Province of Ontario, as being of cultural heritage value or interest.
Deltavjatia
Deltavjatia is an extinct species of pareiasauromorph procolophonoid from the Tatarian stage of the Permian time period. It had a large body of about 1.5 m (4.9 ft) in length. Deltavjatia was an herbivore and lived in what is now Russia. The first specimen of Deltavjatia was a specimen of a skull and lower mandible (PIN 2212/1), found in the Urpalov Formation in Kotelnich, Vyatka River. Since then, numerous mostly complete skeletons have been found, many of them being so well preserved due to the silty, anaerobic environment of the Kotelnich deposits that fossilised white blood cells are able to be distinguished in them. Analyses of the bone histology of Deltavjatia show that they grew very rapidly during the early stages of their ontogeny but that their growth rate drastically slowed down once they reached approximately half of their full body size.

Deltavjatia was placed as a subtaxon of Pareiasauridae by M.S.Y. Lee in 1997.

Procolophonoidea
Procolophonoidea is an extinct superfamily of procolophonian parareptiles. Members were characteristically small, stocky, and lizard-like in appearance. Fossils have been found worldwide from many continents including Antarctica. The first members appeared during the Late Permian in the Karoo Basin of South Africa.
Mademoiselle Dennebault
Françoise Jacob de Montfleury, stage name Mademoiselle Dennebault (1642 – 1708), was a French stage actress.

She was engaged at the Molière's company in 1661. She became a Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française in 1680. She retired in 1685.

She played the tragic heroines Junie (Britannicus, 1669) and Aricie (Phèdre, 1677) by Racine, in the comedies of her brother Antoine de Montfleury, as well as breeches roles of La Femme juge and La Fille capitaine.

Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française
The sociétaires of the Comédie-Française are chosen from among the pensionnaires who have been in the company a year or more.

They are decided upon in the course of a general assembly of the company's administrative committee, made up of six existing sociétaires, the senior sociétaire, and the general administrator.  A pensionnaire is thus named a societaire by a decree of the Ministry of Culture, from names put forward by the general administrator of the Comédie-Française.  On becoming a sociétaire, an actor automatically becomes a member of the Société des Comédiens-Français and receives a share of the profits as well as receiving a number of shares in the société to which he or she is contractually linked.

After his or her retirement, a sociétaire can continue to act, becoming an honorary sociétaire.  The senior member of the Comédie-Française is not the oldest sociétaire, but the sociétaire who has been with the company longest (since their entering it as a pensionnaire).
Lemna trisulca
Lemna trisulca L. (syn. Staurogeton trisulcus (L.) Schur; star duckweed; ivy-leaved duckweed) is a species of aquatic plants in the arum family Araceae. It has a subcosmopolitan distribution. Unlike other duckweeds, it has submerged rather than floating fronds (up to 12-14m below the surface), except when flowering or fruiting. Also unlike other duckweeds, a large number of fronds remain attached to each other at a time.

Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
Lanxi Daolong
Lanxi Daolong (traditional Chinese: 蘭溪道隆; simplified Chinese: 兰溪道隆; pinyin: Lánxī Dàolóng; Wade–Giles: Lan-hsi Tao-long; Japanese: 蘭渓道隆, romanized: Rankei Dōryū; c. 1213–1278), born in Sichuan Province, China in 1213 A.D. (Southern Song dynasty), was a famous Chinese Buddhist monk, calligrapher, idealist philosopher, and is the founder of the Kenchō-ji sect, which is a branch of the Rinzai school.

Lanxi Daolong entered temple life at the age of thirteen. During the Song dynasty, he went to Japan at the invitation of Hōjō Tokiyori. He founded Kenchō-ji in 1253.

Lanxi Daolongs calligraphy was famous in Japan, especially Rule of Zen (法语规则). Daolong died in Kenchō-ji and was given the Posthumous Name of Dajue Zen Master (大覚禅師, Daikaku Zenji in Japanese) by Emperor Go-Uda (後宇多天皇). Throughout his lifetime, he made great contributions to promote Sino-Japanese cultural interactions.

Rinzai school
The Rinzai school (Japanese: 臨済宗, romanized: Rinzai-shū, simplified Chinese: 临济宗; traditional Chinese: 臨濟宗; pinyin: Línjì zōng), named after Linji Yixuan (Romaji: Rinzai Gigen, died 866 CE) is one of three sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism, along with Sōtō and Ōbaku. The Chinese Linji school of Chan Buddhism was first transmitted to Japan by Myōan Eisai (1141–1215). Contemporary Japanese Rinzai is derived entirely from the Ōtōkan lineage transmitted through Hakuin Ekaku (1686–1769), who is a major figure in the revival of the Rinzai tradition.
Joseph Crosfield
Joseph Crosfield (5 October 1792 – 16 February 1844) was a businessman who established a soap and chemical manufacturing business in Warrington, which was in the historic county of Lancashire and is now in the ceremonial county of Cheshire.  This business was to become the firm of Joseph Crosfield and Sons.

Ceremonial counties of England
Ceremonial counties, formally known as counties for the purposes of the lieutenancies, are areas of England to which lord-lieutenants are appointed.  A lord-lieutenant is the monarch's representative in an area.

Shrieval counties have the same boundaries and serve a similar purpose, being the areas to which high sheriffs are appointed. High sheriffs are the monarch's judicial representative in an area.

The ceremonial counties are defined in the Lieutenancies Act 1997, and the shrieval counties in the Sheriffs Act 1887. Both are defined as groups of counties used for local government.
HIV-associated nephropathy
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) refers to kidney disease developing in association with infection by human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. The most common, or "classical", type of HIV-associated nephropathy is a collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), though other forms of kidney disease may also occur. Regardless of the underlying histology, kidney disease in HIV-positive patients is associated with an increased risk of death.

Histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, microanatomy or histoanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

Historically, microscopic anatomy was divided into organology, the study of organs, histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells, although modern usage places all of these topics under the field of histology. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. In the field of paleontology, the term paleohistology refers to the histology of fossil organisms.
Diaconia University of Applied Sciences
Diaconia University of Applied Sciences (Finnish: Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu, Diak) is a university of applied sciences (a polytechnic or higher vocational institute offering tertiary level education) in Finland. It is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland.

Its campuses are located in Helsinki, Oulu, Pori, Pieksämäki and Turku.

Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Finnish: Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko; Swedish: Evangelisk-lutherska kyrkan i Finland) is a national church of Finland and belongs to the Lutheran branch of Christianity. The church enjoys the legal position of a national church in the country, along with the Orthodox Church of Finland.

The church is a member of the World Council of Churches and the Conference of European Churches. It is also a member of the Porvoo Communion and is actively involved in ecumenical relations.

With 3.5 million members as of 2024, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland is one of the largest Lutheran churches in the world. It is Finland's largest religious community with 62.2% of the Finnish population being members of the church, as of 2024. The church is led by a primate who holds the title of Archbishop of Turku and Finland; the office's 15th and current occupant being Tapio Luoma, who succeeded Kari Mäkinen on 3 June 2018.
Bi-scalar tensor vector gravity
Bi-scalar tensor vector gravity theory (BSTV) is an extension of the tensor–vector–scalar gravity theory (TeVeS). TeVeS is a relativistic generalization of Mordehai Milgrom's Modified Newtonian Dynamics MOND paradigm proposed by Jacob Bekenstein. BSTV was proposed by R.H.Sanders. BSTV makes TeVeS more flexible by making a non-dynamical scalar field in TeVeS into a dynamical one.

Jacob Bekenstein
Jacob David Bekenstein (Hebrew: יעקב דוד בקנשטיין; May 1, 1947 – August 16, 2015) was a Mexican-born American-Israeli theoretical physicist who made fundamental contributions to the foundation of black hole thermodynamics and to other aspects of the connections between information and gravitation.
Paugus Bay
Paugus Bay is a 1,227-acre (4.97 km2) water body located in Belknap County in the Lakes Region of central New Hampshire, United States, in the city of Laconia. A short channel at its north end connects it with  Lake Winnipesaukee in the village of Weirs Beach, and a dam on its southern end separates it from Opechee Bay in the village of Lakeport. The bay is named after Chief Paugus, who fought in the Battle of Pequawket during Dummer's War. The 19th-century construction of the dam in Lakeport raised the elevation of Paugus Bay to that of Lake Winnipesaukee. Water flowing out of Paugus Bay travels down the Winnipesaukee River to the Merrimack River.

The bay is classified as a cold- and warmwater fishery, with observed species including brook trout, rainbow trout, lake trout, land-locked salmon, lake whitefish, smallmouth and largemouth bass, chain pickerel, white perch, black crappie, bluegill, and horned pout.

White perch
The white perch (Morone americana) is not a true perch but is a fish of the temperate bass family, Moronidae, notable as a food and game fish in eastern North America. In some places it is referred to as "Silver Bass".

The common name "white perch" is sometimes applied to the white crappie (Pomoxis annularis).
Swiss Sports Personality of the Year
The Swiss Sports Personality of the Year was originally chosen annually from 1950 by the Swiss newspaper Sport. As the newspaper was discontinued in the 1990s, the winners are now chosen by Swiss journalists and TV viewers. Both groups' votes are equally weighted in determining the final result. In 2009 Roger Federer had a large lead among voters working in the media, but viewers voted for Didier Cuche, giving him the award. Even Cuche was surprised and in his speech he apologized to Federer, saying "I hope he's not too angry."  In 2005 spectators voted for Thomas Lüthi while the media instead voted for Federer.

Roger Federer has won this award a record seven times (2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2012, 2014, and 2017).

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
Melanie McCann
Melanie J. McCann (born 8 October 1989) is a Canadian modern pentathlete and a member of the Canadian national team. McCann placed 4th at the 2011 Pan American Games which qualified her to compete in the following Olympics. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she finished in 11th place in the women's competition.  In June 2016, she was named in Canada's Olympic team, and finished 15h at the Olympics.

Modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's
The women's modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was held on 12 August. Three venues were used: the Copper Box (fencing), Aquatics Centre (swimming) and Greenwich Park (horse-riding and combined running and shooting).

Laura Asadauskaitė from Lithuania won the gold medal, breaking  an Olympic record with her final score of 5,408 points. Great Britain's Samantha Murray won silver, and fifth overall for the women's since 2000. Meanwhile, Yane Marques became Brazil's first Olympic medalist in modern pentathlon, taking the bronze. Belarus' Anastasiya Prokopenko set an Olympic record for the combined running and shooting event, with a time of 11:06.00, but finished only in sixth place.
1991 Kangaroo tour of Papua New Guinea
The 1991 Kangaroo tour of Papua New Guinea was a two-week, end of season tour of Papua New Guinea by the Australia national rugby league team. The Australians played five matches on the tour, including two Test matches against the Papua New Guinea Kumuls. The tour began on 29 September and finished on 13 October.

As of 2025 this remains the only full Kangaroo Tour of Papua New Guinea.

Scott Gourley
Scott Robert Gourley (born 18 July 1968) is an Australian former rugby league and rugby union footballer who played from 1986 to 1998 and achieved the status of a dual-code international representing his country in both sports. He made five Test appearances for the Wallabies
and switched to rugby league in 1990 playing for the St George Dragons, the Sydney Roosters and making one Test appearance for the Kangaroos.
Functional classification
The functional classification of a road is the class or group of roads to which the road belongs.  There are three main functional classes as defined by the United States Federal Highway Administration: arterial, collector, and local.

Federal Highway Administration
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is a division of the United States Department of Transportation that specializes in highway transportation.  The agency's major activities are grouped into two programs, the Federal-aid Highway Program and the Federal Lands Highway Program. Its role had previously been performed by the Office of Road Inquiry, Office of Public Roads and the Bureau of Public Roads.
Komatsu D575A
The Komatsu D575A is a 1,150 horsepower (860 kW) tractor crawler produced in a 'SR' or Super Ripper bulldozer/ripper configuration, or as a dedicated bulldozer in the form of the 'SD' or Super Dozer. Both models can move 90 cubic yards (69 m3) of material per pass using the standard blade. The D575A-3 SD Super Dozer can move 125 cubic yards (96 m3) of material per pass if equipped with an optional blade. The D575A-3 can dig to a maximum depth of 6 feet 9 inches (2.06 m) using its single-shank ripper.

Commonly referred to as the 'world's largest production bulldozer', the D575A series bulldozers were produced by Komatsu Ltd. in Osaka, Japan. Surface mine operators in the United States, Australia and Japan were the primary users of the D575A, although they were sometimes used in heavy construction applications and quarries as well.

Conexpo-Con/Agg
Conexpo-Con/Agg is North America’s largest construction trade show representing asphalt, aggregates, concrete, earthmoving, lifting, mining, utilities and more. Conexpo-Con/Agg is a result of the merger of Conexpo and Con/Agg in 1996. It is held at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester, Nevada, United States.
R. W. Bechtel
Reuben William "Rube" Bechtel (? – 1955) was an American football and basketball coach. He served as the head football coach at Baldwin–Wallace College—now known as Baldwin Wallace University—from 1922 to 1923 and at Albion College from 1924 to 1926, compiling a career college football coaching record of 22–17–4. Bechtel was also the head basketball coach at Baldwin–Wallace from 1922 to 1924 and Albion from 1924 to 1927, tallying a career college basketball coaching mark of 56–28.

Bechtel graduated in 1917 from Wittenberg University in Springfield, Ohio. He died in 1955, in Milwaukie, Oregon.

Wittenberg University
Wittenberg University (officially Wittenberg College) is a private liberal arts college in Springfield, Ohio, United States. It had 1,326 full-time students drawn from 33 states and 9 foreign countries in 2022 but enrollment has declined. Wittenberg University is associated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Although the college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, it was placed on probation in November 2025 for not meeting HLC criteria related to financial management.
Charles Mitchell Whiteside
Charles Mitchell Whiteside (June 15, 1854 – July 19, 1924) was an American businessman and politician.

Whiteside was born in Camden, Ohio and went to the Camden public schools. In 1880, Whiteside moved to Sturgeon Bay in Door County, Wisconsin. He worked for the Wisconsin Chair Company and was in the milling business. He was involved with the Democratic Party and was the editor of the Door County Post newspaper. In 1891 and 1892, Whiteside served in the Wisconsin Assembly in the 40th Wisconsin Legislature but did not seek re-election. While in the Assembly Whiteside sponsored a bill that merged the community of Sawyer, Wisconsin with the city of Sturgeon Bay. In 1892, Whiteside moved to St. Ignace, Michigan and was involved with the abstract business. Whiteside also served as deputy register of deeds and as deputy county clerk for Mackinac County, Michigan. Whiteside died in St. Ignace, Michigan from a stroke.

Mackinac County, Michigan
Mackinac County (/ˈmækənɔː/ MAK-ə-naw, locally /ˈmækənə/ MAK-ə-nə) is a county in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,834. The county seat is St. Ignace. Formerly known as Michilimackinac County, in 1818 it was one of the first counties of the Michigan Territory, as it had long been a center of French and British colonial fur trading, a Catholic church and Protestant mission, and associated settlement. The county's name is shortened from "Michilimackinac", which referred to the Straits of Mackinac area as well as the French settlement at the tip of the lower peninsula. Mackinac County is one of two U.S. counties to feature shorelines on two Great Lakes, being Lake Huron and Lake Michigan (the other county being neighboring Chippewa County).
Staseva
Staseva (Ukrainian: Стасева) is a village in Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. It is a part of the Malyn city hromada. The population was 2001 in 26.

The historical date of formation is considered to be 1537.

Zhytomyr Oblast
Zhytomyr Oblast (Ukrainian: Житомирська область, romanized: Zhytomyrska oblast), also referred to as Zhytomyrshchyna (Ukrainian: Житомирщина), is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately 1,179,032 (2022 estimate).
2009 Houphouët-Boigny stampede
The 2009 Houphouët-Boigny stampede occurred on 29 March 2009 in the Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny in Abidjan, Ivory Coast before a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification match between Malawi and Ivory Coast. Nineteen people were killed and 135 were injured. In an attempt to control a crowd crush, police fired tear gas into the crowds, who had begun jostling with each other at least 40 minutes before kick off. The match was particularly popular among locals, with world stars such as Didier Drogba, Sol Bamba and Salomon Kalou due to play for Ivory Coast.

Ivory Coast national football team
The Ivory Coast national football team (French: Équipe de football de Côte d'Ivoire, recognized as the Côte d'Ivoire by FIFA) represents Ivory Coast in men's international football. Nicknamed the Elephants, the team is managed by the Ivorian Football Federation (FIF). The team has won the Africa Cup of Nations three times, in 1992, 2015 and 2023, and has qualified for the FIFA World Cup four times, in 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2026.

Ivory Coast's home colours are all orange. Since 2020 their home games have been played at Alassane Ouattara Stadium, in Abidjan. Prior to this their home ground was Felix Houphouet Boigny Stadium, also in Abidjan. Didier Zokora holds the record for number of caps, with 123. The nation's leading goalscorer is Didier Drogba, who scored 65 goals for the Elephants in 105 appearances.
Puracé, Cauca
Puracé (Spanish pronunciation: [puɾaˈse]) is a town and municipality in the Cauca Department, Colombia.

An 1853 watercolor by Manuel María Paz is an early depiction of four indigenous people in Puracé wearing straw hats and ruanas.

Cauca Department
Cauca Department (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkawka], Spanish: Departamento del Cauca) is a department of Southwestern Colombia. Located in the southwestern part of the country, facing the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Valle del Cauca Department to the north, Tolima Department to the northeast, Huila Department to the east, and Nariño Department to the south. Putumayo and Caqueta Departments border the southeast portion of Cauca Department as well. It covers a total area of 29,308 km2 (11,316 sq mi), the 13th largest in Colombia. Its capital is the city of Popayán. The offshore island of Malpelo belongs to the department. It is located in the southwest of the country, mainly in the Andean and Pacific regions (between 0°58′54″N and 3°19′04″N latitude, 75°47′36″W and 77°57′05″W longitude) plus a tiny part (Piamonte) in the Amazonian region. The area makes up 2.56% of the country.