hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Public holidays in Rwanda
This is a list of public holidays in Rwanda. Rwanda observes fourteen regular public holidays, which reflects the civic, historical and religious landscape.

Additionally, the week following Genocide Memorial Day on 7 April is designated an official week of mourning. The last Saturday of each month is umuganda, a national day of community service, during which most normal services remain closed until midday.

Community service
Community service is unpaid work performed by a person or group of people for the benefit and betterment of their community. In many cases, people doing community service are compensated in other ways, such as getting a lunch for free. In many countries, there are programs to incite people to do community service. In some cases, it is possible to replace a criminal justice sanctions with community service; there may also be school or class requirements. Obtaining certain benefits may be linked to doing some form of community service. For all these reasons, it is distinct from volunteering.
John Crook (politician)
John William Crook (14 November 1895 – 4 July 1970) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1949 to 1959. He was a member of the Labor Party (ALP).

Neilly was born in Korumburra. He was the son of a miner and was educated to elementary level at Kurri Kurri Public School. At age 13 he became a coal miner and worked mainly at Richmond Main Colliery. He was an office-holder in the Miners' Federation and was general secretary of the Northern Lodge of the union from 1934 to 1949.

He won ALP pre-selection for the seat of Cessnock at a 1949 by-election caused by the resignation of Jack Baddeley to accept a position with the New South Wales State Coal Authority. He won the by-election and subsequent elections in 1950, 1953 and 1956. He did not contest the 1959 election and was succeeded by George Neilly.

1959 New South Wales state election
The 1959  New South Wales  state election  was held on 21 March 1959. It  was conducted in single member constituencies with compulsory preferential voting and  was held on boundaries created at a 1957 redistribution. The election was for all of the 94 seats in the  Legislative Assembly.
Har Kareh
Har Kareh (Persian: هركاره, also Romanized as Har Kāreh; also known as Āḵāreh (Persian: اكاره) and Ar Kāreh) is a village in Jannatabad Rural District, Salehabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 122, in 29 families.

Salehabad County
Salehabad County (Persian: شهرستان صالح‌آباد) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Salehabad, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 8,625 in 2,198 households.
Laogai
Laogai (Chinese: 劳改), short for laodong gaizao (劳动改造), which means reform through labor, is a criminal justice system involving the use of penal labor and prison farms in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Láogǎi (劳改) is different from láojiào (劳教), or re-education through labor, which was the abolished administrative detention system for people who were not criminals but had committed minor offenses, and was intended to "reform offenders into law-abiding citizens".  Persons who were detained in the laojiao were detained in facilities that were separate from those which comprised the general prison system of the laogai. Both systems, however, were based on penal labor.

Some writers have likened the laogai to slavery.

Misdemeanor
A misdemeanor (American English, spelled misdemeanour elsewhere) is any "lesser" criminal act in some common law legal systems. Misdemeanors are generally punished less severely than more serious felonies, but theoretically more so than administrative infractions (also known as minor, petty, or summary offences) and regulatory offences. Typically, misdemeanors are punished with prison time of no longer than one year, monetary fines, or community service.
Fátima Delgado
Fátima Del Carmen Delgado Cortés (born 25 November 2000) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a  Left back for Liga MX Femenil side UNAM.

In 2018, she started her career in Atlas. In 2021, she signed with Querétaro. In 2025, she was transferred to UNAM.

Querétaro F.C. (women)
Querétaro Fútbol Club Femenil is a Mexican women's football club based in Querétaro, Querétaro. The club has been the women's section of Querétaro F.C. since 2017. The team currently plays in the Liga MX Femenil which started in July 2017.
R21 (New York City Subway car)
The R21 was a New York City Subway car built by St. Louis Car Company from 1956 to 1957 for the IRT A Division. A total of 250 cars were built, arranged as single units. Two versions were manufactured: Westinghouse (WH)-powered cars and General Electric (GE)-powered cars.

The first R21s entered service on November 7, 1956. The R21s were replaced by the R62As in the 1980s, and the final train of R21s ran on December 30, 1987. Four R21 cars were preserved, while the rest were scrapped.

St. Louis Car Company
38°42′38″N 90°13′32″W﻿ / ﻿38.710668°N 90.225509°W﻿ / 38.710668; -90.225509

The St. Louis Car Company was a major United States manufacturer of railroad passenger cars, streetcars, interurbans, trolleybuses and locomotives. Based in St. Louis, Missouri, it operated from 1887 to 1974.

Among its most successful products were the Birney Safety Car, made from 1915 until 1930, and the PCC streetcar, from 1936 to 1952.
Božidar Prokić
Božidar Prokić (Zabojnica, near Kragujevac, 11 October 1859 – Belgrade, 6 May 1922) was a Serbian historian who was among the first Byzantinists. He was the principal founder of Byzantine Studies as an independent academic discipline at the University of Belgrade in 1906. His work is considered a significant contribution to the study and understanding of John Skylitzes and the history of the origin and development of the Bulgarian Empire under Samuel of Bulgaria.

He was also the director of the National Archives of Serbia during the Balkan Wars and World War I.

John Skylitzes
John Skylitzes, commonly Latinized as Ioannes Scylitzes (Greek: Ἰωάννης Σκυλίτζης, romanized: Iōánnēs Skylítzēs, Byzantine Greek: [i.oˈa.nis sc̠iˈlit.t͡sis]; Latin: Ioannes Scyllitzes, Latin: [jɔˈan.ne̝s sk̟ilˈlit̪.d͡ze̝s]; early 1040s – after 1101), was a Byzantine historian of the late 11th century.
2001 Virginia 500
The 2001 Virginia 500 was the eighth stock car race of the 2001 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 52nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, April 8, 2001, Martinsville, Virginia at Martinsville Speedway, a 0.526 miles (0.847 km) permanent oval-shaped short track. The race took the scheduled 500 laps to complete. Within the final laps of the race, Robert Yates Racing driver Dale Jarrett would manage to pass teammate Ricky Rudd to earn his 27th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his third victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Rudd and Roush Racing driver Jeff Burton would finish second and third, respectively.

Jeff Burton
Jeffrey Tyler Burton (born June 29, 1967), nicknamed "the Mayor", is an American former professional stock car racing driver and current racing commentator. He is a member of the Burton racing family. He scored 21 career victories in the NASCAR Cup Series, including two Coca-Cola 600s in 1999 and 2001 and the 1999 Southern 500. He currently serves as a color commentator for NBC Sports, having joined them upon their return to their coverage of NASCAR. His son and nephew, Harrison and Jeb, respectively, both currently compete in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, while his brother Ward Burton has also raced in the Cup Series.
Kevin Seitzer
Kevin Lee Seitzer (/ˈsaɪtsər/; born March 26, 1962) is an American former professional baseball third baseman who is currently the hitting coach for the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for the Kansas City Royals, Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland Athletics, and Cleveland Indians. He has also served as the hitting coach for the Royals, Arizona Diamondbacks, Toronto Blue Jays, and Atlanta Braves.

Eastern Illinois University
Eastern Illinois University (EIU, Eastern) is a comprehensive public university in Charleston, Illinois, United States. Established in 1895, EIU offers a broad range of curricula leading to bachelor's and master's degrees within its four Colleges (Arts and Sciences, Business and Technology, Education, and Health & Human Services).
Miss Diva 2016
The 4th edition of Miss Diva took place in 2016. 16 contestants competed in the pageant. Miss Diva 2016 featured a television reality series which was telecast on Colors Infinity. The 16 contestants, who were mentored by former Femina Miss India Universe 2000 and Miss Universe 2000 Lara Dutta through the series, were based in a "Diva Villa" at Madh Island and judged based on their performances by celebrity judges.

At the finale held on September 1, 2016, Roshmitha Harimurthy won the pageant and was crowned Miss Diva India Universe 2016 by the previous winner Urvashi Rautela, Srinidhi Shetty was crowned Miss Diva Supranational 2016 by Natasha Assadi and Stephania Stegman and Aradhana Buragohain was crowned Miss Diva Runner Up 2016 by Naveli Deshmukh.

Roshmitha Harimurthy represented India at the Miss Universe 2016 pageant held in the Philippines where she is unplaced. Srinidhi Shetty, representing India, was crowned Miss Supranational 2016 on December 2, 2016 in Poland.

Madh Island
Madh (Marathi pronunciation: [məɖʱ]) is a peninsular locality in the northern part of the Mumbai Suburban District, Maharashtra, India. Historically, it was an island, but land reclamations in the 20th century connected it to Malad village on Salsette Island.
Convention of conservatism
In accounting, the convention of conservatism, also known as the doctrine of prudence, is a policy of anticipating possible future losses but not future gains. It states that when choosing between two solutions, the one that will be least likely to overstate assets and income should be selected. This policy tends to understate net assets and net income, and therefore lead companies to "play safe". When given a choice between several outcomes where the probabilities of occurrence are equally likely, one should recognize that transaction resulting in the lower amount of profit, or at least the deferral of a profit.

Conservatism plays an important role in a number of accounting rules, including the allowance for doubtful debts and the lower of cost or market rule, which states that one should record inventory at the lower of either its acquisition cost or its current market value.

Profit (accounting)
Profit, in accounting, is an income distributed to the  owner in a  profitable market production process (business). Profit is a measure of profitability which is the owner's major interest in the income-formation process of market production. There are several profit measures in common use.

Income formation in market production is always a balance between income generation and income distribution. The income generated is always distributed to the stakeholders of production as economic value within the review period. The profit is the share of income formation the owner is able to keep to themselves in the income distribution process. Profit is one of the major sources of  economic well-being because it means incomes and opportunities to develop production. The words "income", "profit" and "earnings" are synonyms in this context.
2002 Australian GT Production Car Championship
The 2002 Australian GT Production Car Championship was an Australian motor racing competition for Group 3E Series Production Cars.  The championship, which was sanctioned by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as an Australian Title, was the seventh running of the Australian GT Production Car Championship.

The championship was won by Brett Peters driving a  Subaru Impreza WRX STi.

Group 3E Series Production Cars
Group 3E Series Production Cars is an Australian motor racing formula for production based cars competing with limited modifications. Group 3E cars formerly contested the Australian Manufacturers' Championship and Australian Production Car Championship titles and compete in the annual Bathurst 12 Hour and Bathurst 6 Hour endurance races.
Newmills railway station
Newmills railway station served the village of Newmills in County Donegal, Ireland.

The station opened on 9 March 1903 when the Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway opened their Letterkenny and Burtonport Extension Railway, from Letterkenny to Burtonport. It closed on 3 June 1940 when the LLSR closed the line from Tooban Junction to Burtonport in an effort to save money.

Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway
The Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway Company (The L&LSR, the Swilly) was an Irish public transport and freight company that operated in parts of County Londonderry and County Donegal between 1853 and 2014.

Established in the Victorian era and incorporated in June 1853, the L&LSR operated 99 miles of railways at its peak. With its rail services struggling to be profitable, it began a transition to bus and road freight services in 1929 and closed its last railway line in July 1953.

As it continued to operate bus services under the name Lough Swilly Bus Company into the 21st century, the L&LSR became the oldest railway company in the world to continue trading as a commercial concern. However, following a High Court petition by HM Revenue and Customs, the company went into liquidation, operating its final bus services on 19 April 2014.
Asanka Shehan Semasinghe
Asanka Shehan Semasinghe   is a Sri Lankan Politician and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka from Anuradhapura. He belongs to the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna. He is currently serving as Minister of State for Finance, serving with Ranjith Siyambalapitiya since 8 September 2022. Following the mass resignation of the Sri Lankan cabinet in the wake of the 2022 Sri Lankan protests, he was appointed as the Minister of Trade by President Gotabaya Rajapaksa on 18 April 2022. He left office on May 9 following the resignation of then Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa and thereby the collapse of the government.

Minister of Finance (Sri Lanka)
The minister of finance (Sinhala: මුදල්, ආර්ථික ස්ථායිකරණ සහ ජාතික ප්‍රතිපත්ති අමාත්‍ය; Tamil: நிதி, பொருளாதார நிலைப்படுத்தல் மற்றும் தேசிய கொள்கைகள் அமைச்சர்) is an appointment in the Cabinet of Sri Lanka. The post was created in 1947 when Ceylon gained independence as Sri Lanka.
Clinidium integrum
Clinidium integrum is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Rhysodinae. It was described by Antoine Henri Grouvelle in 1903. It is known from its type locality in western Amazonas state, Brazil, and from Leticia in Amazonas Department, Colombia.

Clinidium integrum measures 6.8 mm (0.27 in) in length.

Rhysodinae
Rhysodinae is a subfamily (sometimes called wrinkled bark beetles) in the family Carabidae. There are 19 genera and at least 380 described species in Rhysodinae. The group of genera making up Rhysodinae had been treated as the family Rhysodidae in the past, and subsequent DNA analysis then placed it within Carabidae, where it was sometimes treated as the tribe Rhysodini, but the most recent analyses place it as a subfamily in a clade along with subfamilies Paussinae and Siagoninae, forming a sister to the remaining Carabidae.
Talbieh Camp
Talbieh Camp (or Talbiyye or Talbiyeh) (Arabic: مخيم الطالبية) is one of the 10 officially recognized UNRWA Palestinian refugee camps in Jordan. It is located about 35 kilometres (22 miles) south of Amman, placing it within the main urban area of Al-Jeezah, immediately to the west of where Desert Highway passes through the town. The refugee camp is also slightly south of the more recently built Queen Alia International Airport.

The camp covers an area of 0.13 km2 (0.050 sq mi), making it Jordan's largest refugee camp as far as the amount of state land used, the land was donated by three of Sheikh Mithqal Al-Fayez's sons: Akef, Trad, and Talal Al-Fayez. Other refugee camps in Jordan cover more land overall, such as Baqa'a on 1.4 km2 (0.54 sq mi) and Zaatari on 5.2 km2 (2.0 sq mi).

Palestinian refugee camps
Palestinian refugee camps were first established to accommodate Palestinians who were displaced by the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight during the 1948 Palestine war. Camps were established by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. A subsequent wave of Palestinian refugees were created in the Naksa after the Six-Day War in 1967.

There are 68 Palestinian refugee camps in total, 58 official and 10 unofficial, ten of which were established after the Six-Day War while the others were established in 1948 to 1950s.

Only a third of registered Palestinian refugees live within the boundaries of the refugee camps. Most have integrated socially and economically outside the camps. Many live in adjacent geographic areas.

The number of registered Palestine refugees grew from 750,000 in 1950 to around 5 million in 2013.
Donald Mann House
Donald Mann House is a historic home located at Scottsville, Monroe County, New York. It was built about 1830, and is a two-story, Late Federal stone farmhouse with a 1+1⁄2-story side wing.  It has a garage addition and stone porch (now enclosed) added about 1900.  Also on the property is a contributing stone outbuilding.: 3

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

Scottsville, New York
Scottsville is a village within the town of Wheatland in Monroe County, New York, United States. The population was 2,009 at the 2020 census. The village is named after an early settler, Isaac Scott, and is within the Rochester metropolitan area.
Leo I, Archbishop of Ravenna
Leo I (or Leone) was archbishop of Ravenna from A.D. 770, following a disputed election, until his death in A.D. 777. Archbishop Leo played an important role in the arrest of Paul Afiarta and was the subject of letters from Pope Hadrian I to Charlemagne collected in the Codex Carolinus and dated from late 774.

Desiderius
Desiderius, also known as Daufer or Dauferius (born c. 720 – died c. 786), was king of the Lombards in northern Italy, ruling from 756 to 774. The Frankish king of renown, Charlemagne, married Desiderius's daughter and subsequently conquered his realm. Desiderius is remembered for this connection to Charlemagne and for being the last Lombard ruler to exercise regional kingship.
Prison conditions in France
A prison is a place where people condemned to a custodial sentence or awaiting their trial are held against their will. Prisons are also used to try to reintegrate inmates into society in order to prevent recidivism. French prisons are overflowing and the penitentiary personnel is understaffed. In 2003 the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT), an organ of the Council of Europe, reported "inhumane and degrading treatment" in French prisons.

Recidivism
Recidivism (/rɪˈsɪdɪvɪzəm/; from Latin: recidivus 'recurring', derived from re- 'again' and cadere 'to fall') is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have experienced negative consequences of that behavior, or have been trained to extinguish it. Recidivism is also used to refer to the percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense.

The term is frequently used in conjunction with criminal behavior and substance abuse. Recidivism is a synonym of relapse, which is more commonly used in medicine and in the disease model of addiction.
Tree-depth
In graph theory, the tree-depth of a connected undirected graph  is a numerical invariant of , the minimum height of a Trémaux tree for a supergraph of . This invariant and its close relatives have gone under many different names in the literature, including vertex ranking number, ordered chromatic number, and minimum elimination tree height; it is also closely related to the cycle rank of directed graphs and the star height of regular languages.  Intuitively, where the treewidth of a graph measures how far it is from being a tree, this parameter measures how far a graph is from being a star.

Connectivity (graph theory)
In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to separate the remaining nodes into two or more isolated subgraphs. It is closely related to the theory of network flow problems. The connectivity of a graph is an important measure of its resilience as a network.
Rydzew
Rydzew [ˈrɨd͡zɛf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzeźnio, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Brzeźnio, 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Sieradz, and 71 km (44 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz County
Sieradz County (Polish: powiat sieradzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sieradz, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains three other towns: Złoczew, lying 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Sieradz, Warta, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and Błaszki, 23 km (14 mi) west of Sieradz.

The county covers an area of 1,491.04 square kilometres (575.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 121,013, out of which the population of Sieradz is 44,045, that of Złoczew is 3,403, that of Warta is 3,388, that of Błaszki is 2,179, and the rural population is 67,998.
Freedom (Jimi Hendrix song)
"Freedom" is a rock song by Jimi Hendrix that is often regarded as one of the most fully realized pieces he wrote and recorded in the months before his death.  It incorporates several musical styles and the lyrics reflect various situations facing Hendrix at the time.

Hendrix recorded the song in mid-1970 with his post-Band of Gypsys backing lineup of drummer Mitch Mitchell and bassist Billy Cox, along with additional musicians. "Freedom" became the opening track on The Cry of Love (1971) and, in the U.S., it was released as Hendrix's first posthumous single.

West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology
West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology is a posthumous box set by American rock musician Jimi Hendrix. The set was released on November 16, 2010, in the US and includes four discs of previously unreleased studio and live recordings as well as a DVD with a documentary based on the life and career of Hendrix directed by Bob Smeaton called Jimi Hendrix Voodoo Child.

Disc one documents Jimi's time as a backing guitarist for other musicians. A single disc "Best of" edition is also available, with or without the documentary. The box-set is available in a deluxe edition featuring eight 12-inch vinyl LPs.
AA (song)
"AA" is a song by American country music singer Walker Hayes. It was released on November 19, 2021 as the third single from his third studio album Country Stuff the Album. Hayes and Shane McAnally co-wrote the song with Luke Laird, and co-produced it with Joe Thibodeau.

Shane McAnally
Shane Lamar McAnally (born October 12, 1974) is an American country music singer, songwriter, and record producer. He debuted as a singer in 1999 with his self-titled album on Curb Records. This project produced three singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including "Are Your Eyes Still Blue".

After a hiatus from music, McAnally returned to songwriting, having his first major success with "Last Call" by Lee Ann Womack in 2008. From the early 2010s onward, McAnally has worked almost exclusively as a songwriter and producer. Artists with whom he has worked include Old Dominion, Midland, and Kacey Musgraves. He has won four Grammy Awards and multiple awards from the Country Music Association (CMA). In 2023, he collaborated with Brandy Clark in writing the musical Shucked.