hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Susan Gelman
Susan A. Gelman (born July 24, 1957) is currently Heinz Werner Distinguished University Professor of psychology and linguistics and the director of the Conceptual Development Laboratory at the University of Michigan. 
Gelman studies language and concept development in young children.  
Gelman subscribes to the domain specificity view of cognition, which asserts that the mind is composed of specialized modules supervising specific functions in the human and other animals. Her book The Essential Child is an influential work on cognitive development.

Gelman was elected to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2008 and the National Academy of Sciences in 2012. She has served as the President of the Society for Philosophy and Psychology (2018)  and the President of the Cognitive Development Society (2005-2007).  Gelman was a founding co-editor of the journal the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology.

Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning refers to a variety of methods of reasoning in which the conclusion of an argument is supported not with deductive certainty, but at best with some degree of probability. Unlike deductive reasoning (such as mathematical induction), where the conclusion is certain, given the premises are correct, inductive reasoning produces conclusions that are at best probable, given the evidence provided.
Abitibi—Témiscamingue (electoral district)
Abitibi—Témiscamingue (French pronunciation: [abitibi temiskamɛ̃ɡ]) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. The area was also represented by the electoral district of Témiscamingue from 1968 until 2004.

Abitibi-Ouest Regional County Municipality
Abitibi-Ouest Regional County Municipality (French pronunciation: [abitibi wɛst], Abitibi West) is a regional county municipality located in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec. Its seat is La Sarre.
Justin Warsylewicz
Justin Warsylewicz (born 19 October 1985 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian speedskater.

In February 2004, at the age of eighteen, he became Canadian All Round Champion after winning the World Junior Championships earlier that year. His win left the talented Dutchman Sven Kramer behind him in second place. The student of kinesiology missed the first half of the 2004/2005 season when he was diagnosed with a heart irregularity. This required catheter ablation procedures performed by Dr. L. Brent Mitchell at the Foothills Medical Centre in Calgary on November 17 and December 8. Successful outcomes of the procedures allowed Justin to compete in the Canadian All Round Championship at the end of December, and successfully defended his national title.  Justin subsequently participated in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, winning a silver medal in men's team pursuit speed skating.

Libin Cardiovascular Institute
51°03′55″N 114°08′06″W﻿ / ﻿51.0654°N 114.135°W﻿ / 51.0654; -114.135

The Libin Cardiovascular Institute is an entity of Alberta Health Services and the University of Calgary.  It connects all cardiovascular research, education and patient care in Southern Alberta, serving a population of about two million. Its more than 1,500 members include physicians, clinicians and other health professionals, researchers and trainees.

The Libin Cardiovascular Institute was made possible through the donation of founding donors Mona and Alvin Libin.

On March 6, 2003, the Alvin and Mona Libin Foundation presented $15 million to Alberta Health Services and the University of Calgary to form the Libin Cardiovascular Institute. It was then the largest one-time donation to the organizations. The institute was formally created on January 27, 2004.

The Foundation renewed their commitment to the Institute in May 2022 with a $7.5 million donation.
University of Maine at Farmington
The University of Maine at Farmington (UMaine Farmington or UMF) is a public liberal arts college in Farmington, Maine. It is part of the University of Maine System and a founding member of the Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges.

Stanley Motor Carriage Company
The Stanley Motor Carriage Company was an American manufacturer of steam cars that operated from 1902 to 1924, going defunct after it failed to adapt to competition from rapidly improving internal combustion engine vehicles. The cars made by the company were colloquially called Stanley Steamers although several different models were produced.
Lagoa de Óbidos
The Lagoa de Óbidos is the largest coastal lagoon system on the Portuguese coast. It has a total area of approximately 6.9 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi) and an average depth of 2 metres (6.6 ft), with depths ranging from 0.5 metres (1.6 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft). It is located in the Oeste region and it is bordered by the municipality of Caldas da Rainha to the north and by the municipality of Óbidos to the south.

The lagoon has a predominant NW-SW orientation, with a maximum length of 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) and a width that varies between 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) and 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi). It extends inland through two main channels: the Braço do Bom Sucesso to the west and the Braço da Barrosa to the east. It is connected to two small lakes, Poça do Vau to the south and Poça das Ferrarias to the west.

The lagoon is largely responsible for the development of historic sites, such as Castle of Óbidos. It was designated as a protected Ramsar site in 2025.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
A (kana)
A (hiragana: あ, katakana: ア) is a Japanese kana that represents the mora consisting of single vowel [a]. The hiragana character あ is based on the sōsho style of kanji 安, while the katakana ア is from the radical of kanji 阿.  In the modern Japanese system of alphabetical order, it occupies the first position of the alphabet, before い. Additionally, it is the 36th letter in Iroha, after て, before さ.  The Unicode for あ is U+3042, and the Unicode for ア is U+30A2.

Mora (linguistics)
A mora (pl. morae or moras; often symbolized μ) is a smallest unit of timing, equal to or shorter than a syllable, that theoretically or perceptually exists in some spoken languages in which phonetic length (such as vowel length) matters significantly. For example, in the Japanese language, the name of the city Ōsaka (おおさか) consists of three syllables (O-sa-ka) but four morae (O-o-sa-ka), since the first syllable, Ō, is pronounced with a long vowel (the others being short). Thus, a short vowel contains one mora and is called monomoraic, while a long vowel contains two and is called bimoraic. Extra-long syllables with three morae (trimoraic) are relatively rare. Such metrics based on syllables are also referred to as syllable weight. In Japanese, certain consonants also stand on their own as individual morae and thus are monomoraic.

The term comes from the Latin word for 'linger, delay', which was also used to translate the Greek word χρόνος : chrónos ('time') in its metrical sense.
Anderson Valley AVA
Anderson Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in Anderson Valley in the western part of Mendocino County, California lying generally along the watershed of the Navarro River. The viticultural area was established on August 18, 1983, by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by the Anderson Valley Appellation Committee proposing a viticultural area to be named "Anderson Valley."  It encompasses about 57,600 acres (90 sq mi) with 600 acres (243 ha) of vineyards widely dispersed within its boundaries. It is known primarily for its Pinot noir and sparkling wine production.

Lying 10 to 15 miles (16 to 24 km) from the Pacific Ocean, the AVA is prone to wide diurnal temperature variation of between 40 and 50 °F (22 and 28 °C).  The valley often has long Indian summers.

Wineries in the AVA host an annual Alsatian wine festival where locally produced Riesling and Gewurztraminer wines are showcased.

Navarro River
The Navarro River is a 28.3-mile-long (45.5 km) river in Mendocino County, California, United States. It flows northwest through the Coastal Range to the Pacific Ocean. The main stem of the Navarro River begins less than 1 mile (2 km) south of the town of Philo at the confluence of Rancheria Creek and Anderson Creek. The mouth of the Navarro is 10 miles (16 km) south of the city of Mendocino. State Route 128 starts from the intersection of State Route 1 at the mouth of the Navarro River, and follows the river valley upstream to Philo. The river is close to the highway through the lower canyon but is some distance south of the highway as the Anderson Valley widens upstream of Wendling.
Sayed Mersal
Sayed Mersal (22 January 1937 – March 2022) was an Egyptian boxer. He competed in the men's light heavyweight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics. At the 1964 Summer Olympics, he defeated Thomas Arimi of Ghana, before losing to Alexander Nikolov of Bulgaria.

Boxing at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Light heavyweight
The light heavyweight class in the boxing at the 1964 Summer Olympics competition was the second-heaviest class.  Light heavyweights were limited to those boxers weighing less than 81 kilograms. 19 boxers from 19 nations competed.
Monteflavio
Monteflavio (Romanesco: Montefraviu) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about 35 kilometres (22 miles) northeast of Rome.

Monteflavio borders the following municipalities: Licenza, Montorio Romano, Moricone, Palombara Sabina, San Polo dei Cavalieri, Scandriglia.

Romanesco dialect
Romanesco (Italian pronunciation: [romaˈnesko]) is one of the Central Italian dialects spoken in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, especially in the core city. It is linguistically close to Tuscan and Standard Italian, with some notable differences from these two. Rich in vivid expressions and sayings, Romanesco is used in a typical diglossic setting, mainly for informal/colloquial communication, with code-switching and translanguaging with the standard language.
New Writings in SF 30
New Writings in SF 30 is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Kenneth Bulmer, the ninth volume of nine he oversaw in the New Writings in SF series in succession to the series' originator, John Carnell, and the final volume in the series. Most late volumes in the series were first published in hardcover by Sidgwick & Jackson, followed by a paperback edition issued by Corgi. No reference to a hardcover edition of this volume has been found; the Corgi paperback was issued in 1977.

The book collects eight novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, with a foreword by Bulmer.

Sidgwick & Jackson
Sidgwick & Jackson was an imprint of book publishing company Pan Macmillan. Formerly it was an independent publisher; as such, it was founded in Britain in 1908 by Frank Sidgwick (1879–1939) as chairman of directors and Robert Cameron Jackson (1882–1917) as company secretary. The firm was funded by Lord Forte.

It was best known as a publisher of literary fiction and some academic non-fiction. Early authors included poet Rupert Brooke and novelist E.M. Forster. In more recent times it helped launch the careers of Lynda La Plante, Shirley Conran and Judith Krantz.

Pan Macmillan acquired the company from Trusthouse Forte in the mid-1980s. It was dissolved in 2015.

The managing director from 1968 to 1995 was William Armstrong; the company and Armstrong were said to have encouraged individuality and entrepreneurship among staff. Armstrong was also the father of the singer Dido.

Their archives from 1903 to 1966 are held by the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
German submarine U-719
German submarine U-719 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 3 July 1942 at the H. C. Stülcken Sohn yard at Hamburg, launched on 28 April 1943, and commissioned on 27 July 1943 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Klaus-Dietrich Steffens. Attached to 5th U-boat Flotilla based at Kiel, U-719 completed her training period on 30 April 1944 and was assigned to front-line service.

H. C. Stülcken Sohn
H. C. Stülcken Sohn (also known as Stülcken-Werft) was a German shipbuilding company located in Hamburg and founded in 1846 by Heinrich Christoph Stülcken.

During World War I the company built one single U-boat for the Kaiserliche Marine, the U-157, which under command of the famous Max Valentiner undertook the longest cruise in the war from November 27, 1917 to April 15, 1918, a total of 139 days. During World War II the company built 24 VIIC U-boats for the Kriegsmarine. The company used slave labour of the Neuengamme concentration camp with its own subcamp.

After the war the company constructed several vessels for the Bundesmarine. In the 1950s the company developed the  Stülcken derrick, a lifting device for very heavy cargo.

In 1966 the company was absorbed by Blohm + Voss.
Nissan Fairlady Z (S130)
The Nissan S130 is a sports coupé produced by Nissan in Japan from 1978 until 1983. It was sold as the Datsun 280ZX, Nissan Fairlady Z and Nissan Fairlady 280Z, depending on the market. In Japan, it was exclusive to Nissan Bluebird Store locations. It was the second generation Z-car, replacing the Nissan Fairlady Z (S30) in late 1978. The 280ZX was the first time the "by Nissan" subscript was badged alongside the Datsun logo, along with Nissan trucks. The 280ZX was Motor Trend's import car of the year for 1979. The 280ZX was replaced by the Nissan 300ZX in 1984.

Motor Trend
Motor Trend is an American automobile magazine. It first appeared in September 1949, and designated the first Car of the Year, also in 1949. Motor Trend bears the tagline "The Magazine for a Motoring World".

Petersen Publishing Company in Los Angeles published Motor Trend until 1998, when it was sold to British publisher EMAP, who then sold the former Petersen magazines to Primedia Inc. in 2001. 
In December 2024, Hearst Communications acquired Motor Trend Group and most its assets including Motor Trend from Warner Bros. Discovery.

Publication was monthly but changed to quarterly in 2024.
Wolin railway station
Wolin is a local railway station located in Wolin, in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, at 6 Kolejowa Street. It is operated by the Polish State Railways. The station operates the railway line no. 401 between stations of Szczecin Dąbie and Świnoujście Port.

Wolin (town)
Wolin ([ˈvɔlin]; German: Wollin) is a town in Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. It is the seat of Gmina Wolin. It is situated on the southern tip of Wolin island off the Baltic coast of the historic region of Western Pomerania. The island lies at the edge of the strait of Dziwna.

The town, now a fishing port and gateway to the island's bathing resorts, has a population of approximately 4,900. Dating from the 9th century, it has been associated with the semi-legendary settlements of Jomsburg, Jumne, Julin and Vineta. It played an important role in the conversion of Pomerania and in 1140 became the first see of the Pomeranian diocese. Several ruins from the Slavic period occupy the area. The early medieval town fell victim to the late 12th century Danish raids, and was refounded in 1260.
Dacrydium gibbsiae
Dacrydium gibbsiae is a conifer species native to Borneo. It grows on Mount Kinabalu on ultramafic soil, and is notable for being able to tolerate the high levels of toxic metal compounds present in these soils.

Ultramafic rock
Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are usually composed of greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. Ultrabasic is a more inclusive term that includes igneous rocks with low silica content that may not be extremely enriched in Fe and Mg, such as carbonatites and ultrapotassic igneous rocks.
8th Primetime Emmy Awards
The 8th Emmy Awards, later referred to as the 8th Primetime Emmy Awards, were held on March 17, 1956, to honor the best in television of the year. The ceremony was held at  the Pan Pacific Auditorium in Hollywood, California and was hosted by Art Linkletter and John Charles Daly. All nominations are listed, with winners in bold and series' networks are in parentheses.

The top shows of the night were The Phil Silvers Show, and Producers' Showcase. Each show won a record four major awards. Producers' Showcase, with its twelve major nominations, became the first show to receive over ten major nominations. (Both of these records were subsequently passed by multiple shows).

Art Linkletter
Arthur Gordon Linkletter (born Gordon Arthur Kelly or Arthur Gordon Kelly; sources differ; July 17, 1912 – May 26, 2010) was a Canadian-born American radio and television personality. He was the host of House Party, which ran on CBS radio and television for 25 years, and People Are Funny, which aired on NBC radio and television for 19 years. He became a naturalized United States citizen in 1942.

Old clips from Linkletter's House Party program were later featured as segments on the first incarnation of Kids Say the Darndest Things. A series of books followed which contained the humorous comments made on-air by children. He appeared in four films.
Simon Spencer (producer)
Simon Spencer (born 26 June 1959) is a British television and theatre producer, director and writer.

Spencer started his career in theatre before joining BBC Television and working mainly in Light Entertainment. He later went freelance and moved into children's television, for which he has received three BAFTA nominations as director and producer.

Spencer is writer and producer of a new British musical Are You As Nervous As I Am? that premièred in London in October 2022. The creative team included composer Leighton James House and lyricist Shaun McKenna.

CBeebies
CBeebies is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content targeted for children aged six years and under. Its sister channel, CBBC, is intended for older children aged six to twelve. It broadcasts every day from 6:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Four.
École de Mars
The École de Mars (School of Mars) was a French military and civic school established in the final months of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution. Established by the National Convention on 1 June 1794 (13 Prairial Year II), it was located in the Plaine des Sablons in Neuilly-sur-Seine, near Paris. Its purpose was to provide military training and instill republican values in young men selected primarily from the sons of sans-culottes. Operating for only a few months, the school was shut down in October 1794 following the Thermidorian Reaction.

Neuilly-sur-Seine
Neuilly-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: [nøji syʁ sɛn] ⓘ; lit. 'Neuilly-on-Seine'), also known simply as Neuilly, is an urban commune in Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, France. An immediate western suburb of Paris, it is physically separated from the capital centre only by the Périphérique to its east and the Bois de Boulogne to its south.

Neuilly is mainly made up of residential neighborhoods and hosts several corporate headquarters and foreign embassies. One of the most affluent areas of France, it is the wealthiest and most expensive suburb of Paris. Although, as of 2020, it is the commune with only the fourth highest median per capita income (€52,570 per year) in France, if Neuilly is grouped together with the city's adjacent 16th and 17th arrondissements, they form the most affluent residential area in the country.
Dan Clawson
Daniel "Dan" Conness Clawson (18 August 1948 – 7 May 2019) was an American sociologist, professor, and activist. Clawson was Professor of Sociology at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and former executive committee member of the Massachusetts Teachers Association, the Massachusetts affiliate of the National Education Association.

Industrial and Labor Relations Review
Industrial and Labor Relations Review (ILR Review) is a publication of the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations. It is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research on all aspects of industrial relations. The editors are Rosemary Batt and Lawrence M. Kahn (Cornell University). The target audience is composed of academics and practitioners in labor and employment relations.

The review covers economics of the workplace, work-life issues, collective bargaining and contract administration, union governance and reform, dispute resolution, history of the labor movement, union organizing, law and other issues.  It publishes approximately 25 book reviews each year. It was founded in 1947. Starting in 2014, SAGE Publications took over publication and increased the frequency from quarterly to five per year.
Berriatua
Berriatua is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, in the north of Spain. Its neighbors are Ondarroa and the Bay of Biscay to the north, Markina-Xemein to the south, Mutriku to the east, Amoroto and Mendexa to the west. Historically Berriatua was a town of farmers with little industry. Recently the town has seen significant industrial growth as well as a great deal of construction.

Mutriku
Mutriku (Spanish: Motrico) is a coastal town located in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Autonomous Community of Basque Country in northern Spain. It has a population of around 5000 and provides access to the Bay of Biscay. It is the site of the world's first multi-turbine breakwater wave power station, opened July 8, 2011. The Church of San Andrés can be found here, being one of the oldest churches in Gipuzkoa, dating to the year 1080.
Wildwood, Illinois
Wildwood is an unincorporated community along Belvidere Road (Illinois Route 120) just east of U.S. Route 45 in Lake County, Illinois. Wildwood is part of the Gages Lake census-designated place and is bordered by Gages Lake Road to the north, Gurnee to the northeast and east, Libertyville to the south, and Grayslake to the west.

Libertyville, Illinois
Libertyville is a village in Libertyville Township, Lake County, Illinois, United States. It is located 5 miles (8 km) west of Lake Michigan, approximately 40 miles north of the Chicago Loop. As such, it is part of the United States Census Bureau's Chicago combined statistical area (CSA). It is bordered by Gages Lake and Gurnee to the north, Vernon Hills to the south, Mundelein to the west, and Grayslake to the northwest.  The eastern portions of the village border Mettawa, unincorporated Waukegan and Lake Forest, and part of Knollwood CDP. Its 2020 census population was 20,579.