hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vaovasamanaia Filipo
Vaovasamanaia Reginald Filipo (also known as Reginald Paul Phillips) (died 1993) was a Samoan politician, Cabinet Minister, and Judge. He was the first Samoan appointed Chief Justice of Samoa.

Vaovasamanaia Reginald was the husband of Samoan politician Faimaala Filipo. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in the 1973 election, winning the seat of Palauli West which had previously been held by his wife. In 1975 he was appointed Minister of Agriculture in the Cabinet of Tupua Tamasese. He was re-elected at the 1976 election and appointed Minister of Finance in the government of Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Efi, a role he held until 1982. In May 1983 he was appointed Chief Justice by Prime Minister Tofilau Eti Alesana, and resigned from the Fono.

Filipo later served as Ombudsman in 1993, and died in office.

Palauli
Palauli is a district and village of Samoa, with a population (2016 Census) of 9,300. It consists of two sections on the southern side of Savai'i.  The capital is Vailoa which is also referred to as Vailoa i Palauli (Vailoa in Palauli district).

Geological formations of lava tubes have created the Taga Blowholes on the coast of Taga village and  attracts visitors and tourists.

In recent years, the inland village of Sili has refused to let the government of Samoa build a hydroelectric power plant on traditional land due to conservation and cultural concerns.

The paramount title of this district is Lilomaiava, which is conferred in Vailoa. As part of the selection process for the title-holder, Vailoa must consult Safotu village in the Gagaifomauga political district. Safotu is the northern base of the Lilomaiava title in Savai'i.
Léo Bérubé
Léo Bérubé, KC (October 27, 1884 – May 18, 1967) was a Canadian lawyer and politician.

Born in Saint-André, in Kamouraska, Quebec, Bérubé was educated at the Université Laval. He was admitted to the Quebec Bar in 1908. He was made a King's Counsel in 1938. He was a practising lawyer in Rivière-du-Loup for 40 years. Bérubé was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Témiscouata in 1912. A Conservative, he was defeated in 1916 and again in 1923.

He died in Rivière-du-Loup in 1967.

Université Laval
Université Laval is a public research university in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The university traces its roots to the Séminaire de Québec, founded by François de Montmorency-Laval in 1663, making it the oldest institution of higher education in Canada and the first North American institution to offer higher education in French. The university, which was founded in Old Québec, moved to a new campus in the 1950s in the suburban borough of Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge. It is ranked among the top 10 Canadian universities in research funding and holds four Canada Excellence Research Chairs.
Junior Books Ltd v Veitchi Co Ltd
Junior Books Ltd v Veitchi Co Ltd [1983] 1 AC 520 was a House of Lords judgment on whether a duty of care in delict exists between a contractor or sub-contractor and an employer.

This Scottish case initially caused some excitement amongst English academic lawyers who thought it heralded the fusion of contract and tort into a single "law of obligations". Although textbooks were written with such a title, the idea did not generally catch on, and Junior Books has since become "a very distinguished case".

Law of obligations
The law of obligations is one branch of private law under the civil law legal system and so-called "mixed" legal systems. It is the body of rules that organizes and regulates the rights and duties arising between individuals. The specific rights and duties are referred to as obligations, and this area of law deals with their creation, effects and extinction.

An obligation is a legal bond (vinculum iuris) by which one or more parties (obligants) are bound to act or refrain from acting. An obligation thus imposes on the obligor a duty to perform, and simultaneously creates a corresponding right to demand performance by the obligee to whom performance is to be tendered.
Xiong'an–Xinzhou high-speed railway
The Xiong'an–Xinzhou high-speed railway or Xiongxin HSR (Chinese: 雄忻高速铁路; pinyin: Xióngxīn Gāosù Tiělù) is a 342 kilometres (213 mi) long high-speed railway under construction between Xiong'an in Hebei province and Xinzhou in Shanxi province, China. It will connect to the Datong–Xi'an high-speed railway. The railway will form part of the Beijing–Kunming corridor of the 8+8 HSR Grid. Construction started on 1 October 2022.

Xinzhou
Xinzhou, ancient name Xiurong (秀荣), is a prefecture-level city occupying the north-central section of Shanxi Province in the People's Republic of China, bordering Hebei to the east, Shaanxi to the west, and Inner Mongolia to the northwest. As of 2022, the city has a permanent population of 2,655,563.
Nonlabens antarcticus
Nonlabens antarcticus is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, psychrophilic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nonlabens which has been isolated from the core of a glacier from the King George Island.

Psychrophile
Psychrophiles /ˈsaɪkroʊˌfaɪl/ or cryophiles (adj. psychrophilic or cryophilic) are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures, ranging from −20 °C (−4 °F) to 20 °C (68 °F). They are found in places that are permanently cold, such as the polar regions and the deep sea. They can be contrasted with thermophiles, which are organisms that thrive at unusually high temperatures, and mesophiles at intermediate temperatures. Psychrophile is Greek for 'cold-loving', from Ancient Greek  ψυχρός (psukhrós) 'cold, frozen'.

Many such organisms are bacteria or archaea, but some eukaryotes such as lichens, snow algae, phytoplankton, fungi, and wingless midges, are also classified as psychrophiles.
15 cm TbtsK C/36 naval gun
The 15 cm TbtsK C/36 was a German medium-caliber naval gun deployed on Type 1936A (Mob) destroyers during the Second World War. It was designed because the Oberkommando der Marine (German Naval High Command) thought that the 12.7 cm (5.0 in) guns of the Type 1936 and 1936A destroyers would potentially be inferior to those of possible enemies. The guns caused serious issues when placed upon the ships as they added significant weight high up on the ships. To deal with this increase in weight, the destroyers had one gun removed, sometimes with a twin gun being used in order to keep five guns.

Type 1936B destroyer
The Type 1936B destroyers were a group of five destroyers built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine between 1941 and 1942, of which only three were completed and saw service. Eight ships of this design were ordered, but the orders for three ships were cancelled before construction began. Z35 was the first ship of the class to be completed and was commissioned in mid-1943. Her sister ships, Z36 and Z43, followed in 1944. Z44 was sunk during an air raid in 1944 before she was completed while Z45 was never completed. Both ships were scrapped after the war.

All three ships spent the war in the Baltic Sea, escorting German convoys, laying minefields, and bombarding Soviet forces in 1944–1945. Z35 and Z36  were lost in the Gulf of Finland after hitting friendly mines in late 1944, while Z43 was scuttled a few days before the end of the war in May 1945.
Electoral history of Jacinda Ardern
This is a summary of the electoral history of Jacinda Ardern, Prime Minister of New Zealand (2017–2023), Leader of the Labour Party (2017–2023), a List MP (2008–17) and MP for Mount Albert (2017–2023).

List MP
A list MP is a member of parliament (MP) elected from a party list rather than a geographic electoral district. The place in Parliament is due to the number of votes the party won, not to votes received by the MP personally. This occurs only in countries with an electoral system based wholly or partly on party-list proportional representation.
Matsumoto Kōshirō VII
Matsumoto Kōshirō VII (七代目 松本 幸四郎, Shichidaime Matsumoto Kōshirō; 12 May 1870-27 January 1949) was a Japanese actor. He was one of the leading tachiyaku Kabuki actors of Japan's Meiji period (1868–1912) through the late 1940s.

Kabuki
Kabuki (歌舞伎; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.bɯ.kʲi]) is a classical form of Japanese theatre, mixing dramatic performance with traditional dance. Kabuki theatre is known for its heavily stylised performances, its glamorous, highly decorated costumes, and for the elaborate kumadori make-up worn by some of its performers.

Kabuki is thought to have originated in the early Edo period, when the art's founder, Izumo no Okuni, formed a female dance troupe that performed dances and light sketches in Kyoto. The art form later developed into its present all-male theatrical form after women were banned from performing in kabuki theatre in 1629. Kabuki developed throughout the late 17th century and reached its zenith in the mid-18th century.

In 2005, kabuki theatre was proclaimed by UNESCO as an intangible heritage possessing outstanding universal value. In 2008, it was inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Peter Biľak
Peter Biľak (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈpeter ˈbiʎak]; born 29 March 1973) is a  Dutch-Slovak designer based in The Hague, Netherlands. He works in the editorial, graphic, and type design fields.

He has been teaching typography since 2001 at the Royal Academy of Arts in The Hague. He founded Typotheque in 1999, a company that develops fonts for global languages and also operates as a publishing house. His personal focus is on the support of digitally disadvantaged languages and the revitalisation of indigenous languages in North America, South Asia and Africa.

Opéra National de Lyon
The Opéra National de Lyon (French pronunciation: [ɔpeʁa nɑsjɔnal də ljɔ̃]), marketed as Opéra de Lyon during the last decade, is an opera company in Lyon, based and performing mostly at the Opéra Nouvel, an 1831 theater that was modernized and architecturally transformed in 1993.
Loo language
Loo, or Shụŋọ, is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.  It is one of the more than 500 native languages spoken in that country.  As of 1992, the approximate number of Loo speakers was 8,000.  Those speakers reside in parts of Gombe State and also the adjacent state to the south: Taraba State.

Adamawa languages
The Adamawa /ædəˈmɑːwə/ languages are a putative family of 80–90 languages scattered across the Adamawa Plateau in Central Africa, in northern Cameroon, north-western Central African Republic, southern Chad, and eastern Nigeria, spoken altogether by only one and a half million people (as of 1996). Joseph Greenberg classified them as one branch of the Adamawa–Ubangi family of Niger–Congo languages.  They are among the least studied languages in Africa, and include many endangered languages; by far the largest is Mumuye, with 400,000 speakers. A couple of unclassified languages—notably Laal and Jalaa—are found along the fringes of the Adamawa area.

Geographically, the Adamawa languages lie near the location of the postulated Niger–Congo – Central Sudanic contact that may have given rise to the Atlantic–Congo family, and so may represent the central radiation of that family.
Inhumate
Inhumate are a French deathgrind band. They started off as a death metal band in 1990 but with a line up change in 1993 where Stephane and Olivier left the band and were replaced by Valentin and Sebastien, the band's  musical stile shifted towards grindcore.

In their career they have played concerts with such band as Agathocles, Cannibal Corpse, Cryptopsy, Immolation, Sepultura, Malignant Tumour, Nile, Six Feet Under, Unholy Grave and Vader, in a total of 9 different European countries (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Poland, Germany, Italy, Austria and Czech Republic).

Cryptopsy
Cryptopsy is a Canadian death metal band from Montreal, formed in 1988, initially consisting of drummer Mike Atkin, guitarist Steve Thibault, and vocalist Dan "Lord Worm' Greening. The band are regarded as one of the most significant acts in Technical Death Metal and Brutal Death Metal, with their second album None So Vile today regarded as an influential cult classic in the death metal underground.

The band initially formed under the name Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, releasing numerous demos before eventually renaming to Cryptospy and releasing their debut album, Blasphemy Made Flesh, followed by their second album, None So Vile. The band continue to record and release music, so far having released nine albums, two EPs, and a live album.
Blue Bossa (McCoy Tyner album)
Blue Bossa is a 1991 album by McCoy Tyner released on the LRC label. It was recorded in February 1991 and features performances by Tyner with bassist Avery Sharpe, drummer Aaron Scott, percussionist Raphael Cruz and trumpeter  Claudio Roditi. The Allmusic review by Ken Dryden states "Although Tyner is in top form throughout, this is not an important release in his considerable discography, but its low price makes it worth acquiring".

Ken Dryden
Kenneth Wayne Dryden PC OC (August 8, 1947 – September 5, 2025) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender, politician, lawyer, businessman and author. He played for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1971 to 1979, winning the Stanley Cup six times, the Vezina Trophy as the goaltender on the team allowing the fewest goals five times, and the Conn Smythe Trophy along with the Calder Memorial Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs and rookie of the year respectively over the course of his rookie campaign. He was elected as member of the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1983. Thereafter, Dryden served as a Liberal Member of Parliament from 2004 to 2011 and was appointed Minister of Social Development from 2004 to 2006 for which he was named an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2017, the NHL commemorated him as one of the league's 100 Greatest Players. He received the Order of Hockey in Canada in 2020.
Transport tetany
Transport tetany is a disease that occurs in cows and ewes after the stress of prolonged transport in crowded, hot and poorly ventilated vehicles. It is commonly seen in animals in late pregnancy and those transported to slaughter. The disease is generally fatal, even with treatment, unless detected early. It is also known as transit tetany, railroad disease, railroad sickness, or staggers.

Early clinical signs include restlessness, excitement, trismus, grinding of teeth, staggering gait and later paddling of hind legs. Rumen hypomotility, gastrointestinal stasis and anorexia develop. Also may develop tachycardia and rapid, labored respiration. If not recovered, the animal dies, often after a coma.

It may also happen in horses.

Rumen
The rumen, also known as a paunch, is the largest stomach compartment in ruminants. The rumen and the reticulum make up the reticulorumen in ruminant animals. The diverse microbial communities in the rumen allows it to serve as the primary site for microbial fermentation of ingested feed, which is often fiber-rich roughage typically indigestible by mammalian digestive systems. The rumen is known for containing unique microbial networks within its multiple sac compartments to break down nutrients into usable energy and fatty acids.
Alberic of Trois-Fontaines
Alberic of Trois-Fontaines (French: Aubri or Aubry de Trois-Fontaines; Latin: Albericus Trium Fontium) (fl. 1230–1251, died c. 1252) was a medieval Cistercian chronicler who wrote in Latin. He was a monk of Trois-Fontaines Abbey in the diocese of Châlons-sur-Marne. He died after 1252. He wrote a chronicle describing world events from the Creation to the year 1241.

Diocese of Châlons
The Diocese of Châlons (Latin: Dioecesis Catalaunensis; French: Diocèse de Châlons) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Châlons-sur-Marne, France. The diocese comprises the department of Marne, excluding the arrondissement of Reims.

The Diocese of Châlons is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Reims.

In 2021, in the Diocese of Limoges there was one priest for every 5,954 Catholics.
Swimming at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's 1500 metre freestyle
The men's 1500 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 2015 Pan American Games took place on July 18 at the CIBC Pan Am/Parapan Am Aquatics Centre and Field House in Toronto, Canada. The defending Pan American Games champion was Arthur Frayler of the United States.

This race consisted of thirty lengths of the pool in freestyle. All participating swimmers would take part in 3 heats based on qualifying time. There were no finals.

Swimming at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's 1500 metre freestyle
The men's 1500 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 2011 Pan American Games took place on October 17 and 18 at the Scotiabank Aquatics Center in the municipality of Zapopan, near Guadalajara, Mexico. The defending Pan American Games champion was Chip Peterson of the United States.

This race consisted of thirty lengths of the pool, all lengths being in freestyle.
Vitexin beta-glucosyltransferase
In enzymology, a vitexin beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.105) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-glucose + vitexin  UDP + vitexin 2"-O-beta-D-glucoside

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and vitexin, whereas its two products are UDP and vitexin 2"-O-beta-D-glucoside.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:vitexin 2. This enzyme is also called uridine diphosphoglucose-vitexin 2"-glucosyltransferase.

Uridine diphosphate
Uridine diphosphate, abbreviated UDP, is an organic compound. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil.

UDP is an important factor in glycogenesis. Before glucose can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase forms a UDP-glucose unit by combining glucose 1-phosphate with uridine triphosphate, cleaving a pyrophosphate ion in the process. Then, the enzyme glycogen synthase combines UDP-glucose units to form a glycogen chain. The UDP molecule is cleaved from the glucose ring during this process and can be reused by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.
Adcox Cloud Buster
The Adcox A-100, also known as the Adcox Cloud Buster was a two-seat enclosed sporting biplane built by the students of the US Adcox Aviation Trade School, Portland, Oregon in 1931. Identified in some publications as Adcox Cloud Buster or Bidwell Cloud Buster Junior, it was originally powered by a Salmson AD-9 engine of 40 hp (30 kW), however in 1936 it was repowered with a more powerful, but heavier, 65 hp LeBlond 60-5D and later dismantled in 1938 after several other owners.

It was sold successively to Groat Aeronautical, Yale Air Service and on 20 August 1931 to William B Bidwell as the Cloud Buster Junior. The Bidwell-Yale Aviation Co was based at Gardiner Airport, Gardiner, Montana.

Gardiner Airport
Gardiner Airport (FAA LID: 29S) is a public use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) northwest of the central business district of Gardiner, a city in Park County, Montana, United States. The airport is owned by the city and county.
Santa Maria del Carmine, Vigevano
The Church of Santa Maria del Carmine or Church of Madonna del Carmine or more simply Church of Carmine is a religious building located in Vigevano, in province of Pavia and diocese of Vigevano, Italy.

Province of Pavia
The province of Pavia (Italian: provincia di Pavia) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is Pavia.

As of 2015, the province has a population of 548,722 inhabitants and an area of 2,968.64 square kilometres (1,146.20 sq mi); the town of Pavia has a population of 72,205.
Walter Hurst
Walter Edmund Wilmshurst Hurst CBE (1912–1987)  was an Anglican priest in the mid 20th century.

Hurst was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1936. After curacies at Drumachose and Lower Hutt he was a Chaplain to the New Zealand Armed Forces during World War II. When peace returned he held incumbencies at Waiwhetū, Stratford and New Plymouth. He was Dean of Dunedin from 1956 to 1963; and Dean of Wellington from 1963 to 1977.

In the 1976 Queen's Birthday Honours, Hurst was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the community.

Stratford, New Zealand
Stratford (Māori: Whakaahurangi) is the only town in Stratford District, and the seat of the Taranaki region, in New Zealand's North Island. It lies beneath the eastern slopes of Mount Taranaki, approximately halfway between New Plymouth and Hāwera, near the geographic centre of the Taranaki Region. The town has a population of 6,430, making it the 62nd largest urban area in New Zealand (using the Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018 (SSGA18)), and the fourth largest in Taranaki (behind New Plymouth, Hāwera and Waitara).

The Stratford District has a population of 10,500, and a land area of 2,163.35 km2 (835.27 sq mi), which is divided between the Manawatū-Whanganui region (including the settlements of Whangamōmona, Marco and Tahora, 31.87% of its land area) and the Taranaki region (68.13% of its land area).
Sligo Mac Diarmada railway station
Sligo railway station, also known as MacDiarmada station (Irish: Stáisiún Mhic Dhiarmada), is a mainline railway station which serves the town of Sligo in County Sligo, Ireland. It is a terminal station which now has two platforms and an intermediate carriage siding. The railway at the station is elevated above the surrounding streets and the station building dominates its surrounds. There is a passing loop at the approach to the station. It is named after Irish patriot Seán Mac Diarmada. Iarnród Éireann, Ireland's national railway operator, runs inter-city rail services between Sligo and Dublin on the Dublin-Sligo railway line.

Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism.
Tafadzwa Tsiga
Tafadzwa Tsiga (born 13 July 1994) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Southern Rocks in the 2013–14 Logan Cup on 24 February 2014. In February 2017, he was named in an academy squad by Zimbabwe Cricket to tour England later that year.

In June 2018, he was named in a Zimbabwe Select team for warm-up fixtures ahead of the 2018 Zimbabwe Tri-Nation Series. He made his Twenty20 debut for Mountaineers in the 2018–19 Stanbic Bank 20 Series on 11 March 2019. In December 2020, he was selected to play for the Southern Rocks in the 2020–21 Logan Cup alongside Shane Snater, Ben Curran and Club Captain Richmond Mutumbami.

In the 2022 season Tafadzwa went to the UK to join GMCL (Greater Manchester Cricket League) team Mottram CC as the club professional. After a successful debut season, he confirmed he would be returning to the Manchester based club in 2023, for a further season.

2020–21 Logan Cup
The 2020–21 Logan Cup was the 27th edition of the Logan Cup, a first-class cricket competition in Zimbabwe, which started on 9 December 2020. After originally scheduled to start on 3 December 2020, the tournament was moved back a week to allow time to set up a bio-secure bubble. Five teams took part in the competition, including the Southern Rocks, who last played in the 2013–14 tournament. There was no defending champion, after the previous tournament was voided due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Four matches were played during December 2020. However, on 3 January 2021, Zimbabwe Cricket halted all cricket in the country following a rise in COVID-19 cases. In mid-March 2021, it was reported that the tournament would resume later that month, with the next round of matches starting on 18 March 2021.

In March 2021, Rocks won their first ever Logan Cup title, with a match left to play.