hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hazuri Bagh
Hazuri Bagh (Urdu: حضوری باغ) is a garden in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, bounded by the Lahore Fort to the east, Badshahi Mosque to the west, the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh to the north, and the Roshnai Gate to the south. The garden was built during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, in the style of Mughal gardens. In the centre of the garden stands the Hazuri Bagh Baradari, built by the Maharaja in 1818 to celebrate his capture of the Koh-i-Noor diamond from Shuja Shah Durrani in 1813. The Serai Alamgiri caravanserai formerly stood where Hazuri Bagh is now located.

Roshnai Gate
Roshnai Gate (Urdu: روشنائی دروازہ, lit. 'Gate of Lights') is one of the thirteen gates within the Walled City of Lahore in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It was the main entry into Lahore for emperors and nobles during the Mughal, and later Sikh period.

Its extended height and width is testament to its use by emperors' caravans of elephants. Since the Ravi river once flowed alongside the northern wall of the Lahore Fort and the Badshahi Mosque, the gate was profusely illuminated during night to aid travelers. It is for this reason that the gate has been named as “Roshnai Darwaza” or the “gate of light”. It is considered to be the oldest of Lahore's gates, and is only gate that has been preserved in its original shape.
Cao Teng
Cao Teng (died c. late 150s), courtesy name Jixing, was a eunuch who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty of China. He served four Han emperors (Shun, Chong, Zhi, and Huan). Through his adopted son Cao Song, he was the grandfather of Cao Cao, who laid the foundations for the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. On 3 August 229, during the reign of Cao Cao's grandson Cao Rui, Cao Teng was posthumously honoured as "Emperor Gao of Wei" (魏高帝), becoming the only eunuch in Chinese officialdom to have this honor.

Rafe de Crespigny
Richard Rafe Champion de Crespigny (born 1936), also known by his Chinese name Zhang Leifu (Chinese: 張磊夫), is an Australian sinologist and historian. He is an honorary professor in the College of Asia and the Pacific at the Australian National University. He specialises in the history, geography and literature of the Han dynasty, particularly the translation and historiography of material concerning the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period.
Isaiah Cousins
Isaiah De Vonte Cousins (born March 13, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for Bashkimi of the Kosovo Superleague. He played college basketball for the University of Oklahoma before playing professionally in the NBA G League, France and Israel.

Salt Lake City Stars
The Salt Lake City Stars are an American minor-league basketball team. They are a member of the NBA G League, based in the Salt Lake City suburb of West Valley City, Utah, and are affiliated with the Utah Jazz. Their home arena is the Maverik Center. Before the 2016–17 season, they were based in Boise, Idaho, and were known as the Idaho Stampede.
Desert warfare
Desert warfare is warfare in deserts or similar arid or semi-arid environments. The term encompasses military operations affected by the terrain, climate, and resource availability of these areas, as well as the strategies and tactics used by military forces in these situations and environments.

Desert warfare is distinct from other types of warfare in other environments and terrains, in that the desert is generally considered very inhospitable. The hot temperatures in the day and the cold temperatures in the night, the scarcity of food, water, and plant life, and the lack of cover and concealment, affect how military forces operate in desert environments. The heat and lack of water can sometimes be more dangerous than the enemy.

Military operation
A military operation (op) is the coordinated military actions of a state, or a non-state actor, in response to a developing situation. These actions are designed as a military plan to resolve the situation in the state or actor's favor. Operations may be of a combat or non-combat nature and may be referred to by a code name for the purpose of national security. Military operations are often known for their more generally accepted common usage names than their actual operational objectives.
Charles Rankin Deniston
Charles Rankin Deniston (1835–?) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1874 and 1875.

Deniston was born in 1835 in Green County, Wisconsin, the son of John W. Deniston and Elizabeth Van Sant. He attended Mount Morris College and Lawrence University. During the American Civil War, he visited the 22nd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment in 1863 and was captured by the Confederates at Brentwood, Tennessee. He married Susan C. Coryell (1838–1873), and after her death married a second time in 1877 to Hattie M. Bramhall (1859–1941).

Lawrence University
Lawrence University is a private liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1847, its first classes were held on November 12, 1849. Lawrence was the second college in the U.S. to be founded as a coeducational institution.
So Long Little Miss Sunshine
So Long Little Miss Sunshine is the fifth studio album by American bluegrass musician Molly Tuttle. It was released on August 15, 2025, via Nonesuch Records in LP, CD and digital formats.

So Long Little Miss Sunshine was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Americana Album, and the song "That's Gonna Leave a Mark" was nominated for Best Americana Performance.

Nonesuch Records
Nonesuch Records is an American record company and label owned by Warner Music Group, distributed by Warner Records (formerly Warner Bros. Records), and based in New York City. Founded by Jac Holzman in 1964 as a budget classical label, Nonesuch has developed into a label that records a wide range of music genres. Robert Hurwitz was president of the company from 1984 to 2017.
John Filak
John Filak (October 13, 1903 – September 29, 1954) was an American football player.

Filak played college football for Penn State from 1924 to 1926. Coach Hugo Bezdek rated Filak as the team's best tackle in 1925. He also played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the Frankford Yellow Jackets. He appeared in 39 NFL games, 18 as a starter, during the 1927, 1928, and 1929 seasons. He also reportedly played for the Green Bay Packers in 1941.

Filak also trained as a boxer under Leo Florian Hauck. After retiring from football, he owned and operated a confectionery store in Newark, New Jersey. He died in 1954 at age 49 a Beth Israel Hospital in Newark.

Leo Florian Hauck
Leo Florian Hauck (November 4, 1888 – January 21, 1950) was an American boxer. During his career he was able to achieve victories over many Hall of Famers including Jack Britton, Jack Dillon, Battling Levinsky, Frank Klaus, Billy Papke, Jeff Smith and Harry Lewis. He also faced the likes of Harry Greb, Gene Tunney and Mike Gibbons. He was inducted into the Ring Magazine hall of fame in 1969, the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame in 1972, and enshrined within the International Boxing Hall of Fame as a part of the 2012 class.
Roger Cukierman
Roger Cukierman (born 23 August 1936) is a French banker, businessman and Jewish philanthropist. He served as the President of the Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France (CRIF) and is Vice President of the World Jewish Congress.

Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions
Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions (French: Conseil représentatif des institutions juives de France, CRIF) is an umbrella organization of other groups representing the interests of French Jews.
1996 Qatar Open – Doubles
Stefan Edberg and Magnus Larsson were the defending champions but only Edberg competed that year with Petr Korda.

Edberg and Korda lost in the quarterfinals to Patrick Galbraith and Andrei Olhovskiy.

Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor won in the final 7–6, 6–3 against Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis.

Mark Knowles
Mark Knowles (born 4 September 1971) is a Bahamian former professional tennis player and coach. He is a former world No. 1 in doubles. He won three of the four Grand Slam tournaments in men's doubles, partnering with Daniel Nestor, as well as Wimbledon in mixed doubles. At various times between 2002 and 2005 he was ranked World No. 1 in doubles. He is a five-time Olympian.
Billy Abit Joo
Billy Abit Joo (born 10 May 1949) was the Member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the Hulu Rajang constituency in Sarawak from 1990 to 2013.

Billy Abit entered Parliament in the 1990 election, running as an independent. He later joined the Sarawak People's Party (PRS) in the Barisan Nasional coalition. His rural constituency was the largest by area in Malaysia. In 2009, he led a parliamentary delegation into the constituency to enquire into living conditions of the Penan people. He has called for the establishment of forest reserves for the Penans. In 2008, he crossed party lines to be the only government MP to sign a petition for the review of Malaysia's Internal Security Act.

Billy Abit's parliamentary career came to an end at the 2013 election, when the PRS nominated Wilson Ugak Kumbong to contest Hulu Rajang.

1990 Malaysian general election
General elections were held in Malaysia on 20 and 21 October 1990. Voting took place in all 180 parliamentary constituencies of Malaysia, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 351 state constituencies in 11 (out of 13, except Sabah and Sarawak) states of Malaysia on the same day.

The result was a victory for the Barisan Nasional (BN) at the federal level and state except state of Kelantan with opposition alliance Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) winning all 39 state assembly seats with 24 seats going to PAS and 15 for Semangat 46.
Jamshed Quarters
Jamshed Quarters (Urdu: جمشید کوارٹرز) is a residential neighborhood in the Karachi East district of Karachi, Pakistan. It is administered as part of Jamshed Town, which was disbanded in 2011 before being restored in early 2022. To the northwest is Liaquatabad Town across the Lyari River, while to the east is Gulshan Town and to the southeast is Korangi Town across the Malir River. Jamshed Town is bordered by Karachi Cantonment and Clifton Cantonment to the west.

Malir River
Malir River (Urdu: دریائے ملیر) is a seasonal river that flows in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It passes through the city of Karachi from the northeast, through the center, and drains into the Arabian Sea. It is one of the two rivers passing through Karachi, the other being the Lyari River. It has two main tributaries, the Thadho and the Sukhan.

In the rainy season, the Malir river experiences heavy waterflow, with millions of gallons emptying into the Arabian Sea. The Malir Dam is a barrage regulating flow and flooding of the river, preserving a reservoir during seasonal droughts.

The 39km Malir Expressway is under-construction along the banks of the Malir River, connecting newer areas of development (Bahria Town) on the outskirts of the city to posh areas (DHA) in Karachi. It is controversial because it would cause displacement of poor people, destroy farms and forests, make many species of fish and birds endangered, and exacerbate the urban heat island effect and global warming.
Non-binary characters in fiction
Non-binary (also spelled nonbinary) or genderqueer is a spectrum of gender identities that are not exclusively masculine or feminine‍—‌identities that are outside the gender binary. Non-binary identities can fall under the transgender umbrella, since many non-binary people identify with a gender that is different from their assigned sex. Another term for non-binary is enby (from the abbreviation "NB"). This page examines non-binary characters in fictional works as a whole, focusing on characters and tropes in cinema and fantasy.

For more information about fictional characters in other parts of the LGBTQ community, see the corresponding pages about pansexual, intersex, and gay characters in fiction.

Fantasy trope
A fantasy trope is a specific type of literary trope (recurring theme) that occurs in fantasy fiction. Worldbuilding, plot, and characterization have many common conventions, many of them having ultimately originated in myth and folklore. J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium (and in particular, The Lord of the Rings) for example, was inspired from a variety of different sources including Germanic, Finnish, Greek, Celtic and Slavic myths. Literary fantasy works operate using these tropes, while others use them in a revisionist manner, making the tropes over for various reasons such as for comic effect, and to create something fresh (a method that often generates new clichés).
Matthai
Matthäi, Matthai are surnames of several origins, all related to local rendering of Matthew. "Matthäi" may also be rendered as Matthaei. Notable people with the surname include:

Friedrich Matthäi (1777–1845), German painter

George Matthai (1887–1947), Indian zoologist

John Matthai (1886–1959), Indian economist

John Matthai (civil servant), Indian former Chief Secretary of Kerala

Pallithanam Luca Matthai (1880–1962), Indian agriculturalist

Ravi J. Matthai (1927–1984), Indian scholar

Sigrid Matthäi, birth name of Sigrid Schmidt (born 1930), German folklorist

Sigrid Schmidt
Sigrid Schmidt (birth name: Sigrid Matthäi) (born 12 July 1930) is a German folklorist, best known for her Afrika erzählt ("Africa Narrates") series. The ten volumes are tales (with extensive commentary) collected by the author from 1959-1962 and  1972-1997 (volumes 1 to 7 in German, volumes 8 to 10 in English), mostly  in Namibia.
James Horstead
Christianity portal

James Lawrence Cecil Horstead CMG, CBE (16 February 1898 – 9 June 1989) was an Anglican bishop of Sierra Leone who later became Archbishop of West Africa.

He was educated at Christ's Hospital and (after World War I service) Durham University. Horstead was President of the Durham Union for Easter term of 1921. He was ordained in 1924 and began his career with a curacy at St Margaret's Church, Durham. Emigrating to Africa he was Principal of Fourah Bay College until 1936 when he was elevated to the episcopate. In 1955 he became the Province's Primate, retiring in 1961. He was Rector of Appleby Magna until 1968 and an Assistant Bishop in the Diocese of Leicester until 1976.

Principal (academia)
The principal is the chief executive and the chief academic officer of a university or college in certain parts of the Commonwealth.

In the United States, the principal is the head of school at most pre-university, non-boarding schools.
Cian Byrne (footballer)
Cian Byrne (born 31 January 2003) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a defender for League of Ireland Premier Division club Bohemians. He has also previously spent time on loan at Longford Town and Galway United.

Sligo Rovers F.C.
Sligo Rovers Football Club is an Irish professional football club playing in the League of Ireland Premier Division. The club is based in Sligo in the west of Ireland.

The club was founded in 1928 and have been in the League of Ireland since 1934. The club is a co-operative venture, owned by the people of Sligo. Rovers have played at The Showgrounds since their inception. In 2013, they won a third FAI Cup in four years, and also became the 2012 Premier Division Champions, winning the league with two games to spare. In total, they have won three league titles, five FAI Cups and two League Cups.
Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners
The Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners, which was passed on March 7, 1852, in the Utah Territory, dealt with Native American slavery.  A similar law, the Act in Relation to Service, which had made slavery legal in the territory, had been passed on February 4, 1852.

Utah Territory
The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state.  At its creation, the Territory of Utah included all of the present-day State of Utah, most of the current state of Nevada save for a portion of Southern Nevada (including the metro area of the city of Las Vegas), much of modern western Colorado, and the extreme southwest corner of present-day Wyoming.
Jamshed Akhtar
Jamshed Akhtar (born 1947, Faizabad, India) is an Indian writer and researcher. He graduated from Aligarh Muslim University, India, in 1969, with a degree in Electrical Engineering. He is involved in the scientific study of religion and has written two books on this topic.

Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh Muslim University is a collegiate, central, and research university located in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, which was originally established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875. Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920, following the Aligarh Muslim University Act.

The university offers more than 300 courses in traditional and modern branches of education. It is an Institute of National Importance and is listed in the Union List under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India.
Lee Da-hyeon
Lee Da-hyeon (Korean: 이다현; born (2001-11-11)11 November 2001) is a South Korean female volleyball player. She is part of the South Korea women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2021 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League.
On a club level she was 2nd pick in the first round of the 2019-2020 draft, signing for Suwon Hyundai Hillstate.

2021 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League
The 2021 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League was the third edition of the FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League, an annual women's international volleyball tournament. This edition was scheduled to start earlier than the previous edition due to the 2020 Summer Olympics in July. It was held in between May and June 2021, and the final round took place at the Rimini Fiera in Rimini, Italy.

United States won their third title in the competition, outlasting Brazil in the final. Turkey swept the third place match against Japan. Michelle Bartsch-Hackley claimed her second MVP title of the tournament.
World Archery Philippines
The World Archery Philippines, Inc. is the national governing body for archery in the Philippines. It is used to be known as the Philippines and Philippine Archers' National Network and Alliance (PANNA). It is accredited by the World Archery Federation which is the governing body for the sport of archery in the world.

Its former president was Federico Moreno, the only son of the late German Moreno and the father of 2014 Youth Olympic Games gold-medalist Luis Gabriel Moreno.

Luis Gabriel Moreno
Luis Gabriel Magdayao Moreno (Tagalog pronunciation: [mɐɡˈdɐjaʊ mɔˈɾɛ.nɔ]; born May 28, 1998) is a Filipino archer later actor who competed for the Philippines at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. Competing with Li Jiaman of China, Moreno is the first representative of the Philippines to clinch a gold medal for a Mixed-NOC team in the Summer Youth Olympics.
Lyubomir Lyubenov (canoeist)
Lyubomir Lyubenov (Bulgarian: Любомир Любенов, born 26 August 1957) is a Bulgarian sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. At the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, he won a gold in the C-1 1000 m event and a silver in the C-1 500 m event.

Born in Plovdiv, Lyubenov won four medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (C-1 500: 1978), a silver (C-1 1000 m: 1979), and two bronzes (C-1 500 m: 1979, C-2 500 m: 1981).

1979 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1979 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Duisburg, West Germany.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the fifteenth championships in canoe sprint. It was where an incident later referred to as The Česiunas Affair took place when Soviet-born Lithuanian canoer Vladas Česiūnas appeared at the event as a spectator only to vanish. The West German government claimed Česiunas had defected, but the former canoer had returned to the Soviet Union voluntarily several weeks later. During Česiunas' disappearance, he would speak in favor of the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott, more than two months before the Soviet–Afghan War, but later returned to the Soviet Embassy in Bonn. The Soviets toned down their rhetoric about Česiunas' "disappearance" in the West and changed his mind all the while West Germany continued to maintain that he had been kidnapped.
60th Oklahoma Legislature
The 60th Oklahoma Legislature is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the government of Oklahoma, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It meets in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma from January 3, 2025, to January 3, 2027, during the second two years of the second administration of Governor Kevin Stitt. The 2024 Oklahoma elections maintained Republican control of both the House and Senate.

Kevin Stitt
John Kevin Stitt (born December 28, 1972) is an American businessman and politician serving as the 28th governor of Oklahoma since 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he was elected in 2018, defeating Democrat and former state Attorney General Drew Edmondson with 54.3% of the vote. Stitt was reelected to a second term in 2022, defeating Superintendent of Public Instruction Joy Hofmeister, a Republican turned Democrat, with 55.4% of the vote.

Stitt grew up in Norman, Oklahoma, and graduated with a degree in accounting from Oklahoma State University, where he was a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. He is the founder and former chairman and CEO of Gateway Mortgage Group.
Iran-Venezuela Bi-National Bank
Iran-Venezuela Bi-National Bank (Persian: بانک مشترک ایران و ونزوئلا, Bank Moshtarek-e Iran vâ Vânuzuilâ, Spanish: Banco Binacional Irán-Venezuela) is an international financial institution that was founded in 2010 with an aim to develop commercial ties between Iran and Venezuela.

Out of the 40 banks legally licensed to operate in Iran, the Iran-Venezuela Bi-National Bank is one of the only five foreign banks to make that list. In 2024 the bank was targeted in a cyberattack by IRLeaks.

International financial institutions
An international financial institution (IFI) is a financial institution that has been established (or chartered) by more than one country, and hence is subject to international law. Its owners or shareholders are generally national governments, although other international institutions and other organizations occasionally figure as shareholders. The most prominent IFIs are creations of multiple nations, although some bilateral financial institutions (created by two countries) exist and are technically IFIs. The best known IFIs were established after World War II to assist in the reconstruction of Europe and provide mechanisms for international cooperation in managing the global financial system.
Roy Fyllingen
Roy Harald Fyllingen (born January 31, 1975) is a Norwegian chess player who holds the title of International Master. He won the Norwegian Chess Championship in 1998. He represents the Bergen's Chess Club, and plays the top board for the club in the current team chess championship.

According to ChessBase, Fyllingen usually plays 1.d4 when he is White. With Black against 1.d4 he frequently plays openings in the Nimzo-, Bogo-, and Queen's Indian complex. Against 1.e4 he frequently plays the open games (1.e4 e5) or the French Defence (1.e4 e6).

ChessBase
ChessBase is a German company that develops and sells chess software, maintains a chess news site, and operates an internet chess server for online chess. Founded in 1986, it maintains and sells large-scale databases containing the moves of recorded chess games. The databases contain data from prior games and provide engine analyses of games. Endgame tablebases are also provided by the company.

ChessBase India, ChessBase's Indian YouTube channel, has amassed more than 2.5 million YouTube subscribers and more than 2.5 billion total views as of December 2024.