hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buzz!: Master Quiz
Buzz!: Master Quiz is a 2008 party video game developed by Relentless Software and Curve Studios and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation Portable. It is the first game in the Buzz! series to be made for a handheld console as well as the first game to be developed by Curve Studios as a primary developer.

The game includes both familiar round types and rounds that are new to the Buzz series. The game's multi-player option operates in three different modes: multiple consoles and multiple copies of the game, multiple consoles and one copy of the game or Pass Around mode for use with one console and one copy of the game. Pass Around allows multiple players to pass the console between themselves and to target certain players. There are five rounds in a game of Pass Around with 2 players but with more there are six although that number can be lowered.

Relentless Software
Relentless Software was a British video game developer based in Brighton. Founded in 2003, the company was best known for developing most games in Sony's Buzz! series from 2005 to 2010. Relentless released its first self-published title, Blue Toad Murder Files on PC and PSN in 2009 and Quiz Climber Rivals, for iPhone in 2011. Relentless has also developed Air Band and Mutation Station, for the Kinect Fun Labs series. In 2012 it released Kinect Nat Geo TV, after which co-founder David Amor left the studio. In 2014 the studio released Murder Files: The Enigma Express on iOS, Google Play, Google Chrome and Kindle Fire. In 2016, the studio was shut down. The studio was working on an unannounced title for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One prior to its closure.
Tornolo
Tornolo (Ligurian: Tùrneru; Parmigiano: Tornol) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) west of Bologna and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Parma.

Tornolo borders the following municipalities: Albareto, Bedonia, Borzonasca, Compiano, Mezzanego, Santo Stefano d'Aveto, Varese Ligure.

Province of Parma
The province of Parma (Italian: provincia di Parma) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its largest town and capital is the city of Parma.

It is made up of 47 comuni (sg.: comune). It has an area of 3,449 square kilometres (1,332 sq mi) and a total population of around 450,000.

The province is bordered by the province of Reggio Emilia to the east, the Piacenza to the west, Lombardy's provinces of Cremona and Mantua to the north and by Liguria's provinces of La Spezia and Genoa and Tuscany's Province of Massa-Carrara to the south.
Soni Falls
The Soni Falls is a waterfall in the Usambara Mountains of northeastern Tanzania, near the village of Soni, to the northeast of Kitunda. The falls lie at the end of the Mkuzu River where it joins the Bangala River. The falls lie in the southern part of the West Usambaras Lushoto Mountain Reserve.

Kitunda
Kitunda (Kata ya Kitunda, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward of the Ilala Municipal Council of  the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. Kipawa, Yombo Vituka, and Buza, the last two of Temeke MC, border the ward to the north. The Kiburugwa and Charambe wards of Temeke MC border the east of the ward. Chamazi is to the south, and Kivule lies to the west. According to the 2022 census, the ward has a total population of 42,259.
Guaiacum angustifolium
Guaiacum angustifolium is a species of flowering plant in the caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae. Common names include Texas guaiacum, Texas lignum-vitae, soapbush and huayacán. It is native to southern and western Texas in the United States and northern Mexico. The specific name is derived from the Latin angustus, meaning "narrow," and -folius, meaning "-leaved".

CITES
CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of international trade. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and CITES entered into force on 1 July 1975.

Its aim is to ensure that international trade (import/export) in specimens of animals and plants included under CITES does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild. This is achieved via a system of permits and certificates. CITES affords varying degrees of protection to more than 40,900 species.

As of December 2024, the Secretary-General of CITES is Ivonne Higuero.
Taulil–Butam languages
The Taulil–Butam or Butam–Taulil languages are a small language family spoken in East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. They may be related to the Baining languages. Speakers consistently report that their ancestors came from New Ireland.

East New Britain Province
East New Britain is a province of Papua New Guinea, consisting of the north-eastern part of the island of New Britain and the Duke of York Islands. The capital of the province is Kokopo, not far from the old capital of Rabaul, which was largely destroyed in a volcanic eruption in 1994. East New Britain covers a total land area of 15,816 square kilometres (6,107 sq mi), and the province's population was reported as 220,133 in the 2000 census, rising to 328,369 in the 2011 count. Provincial coastal waters extend over an area of 104,000 square metres (26 acres). The province's only land border is with West New Britain Province to the west, and it also shares a maritime border with New Ireland Province to the east.

East New Britain has a dual economy: a cash economy operates side by side with the subsistence-farming sector. The main crops produced for export are cocoa and copra. Tourism continues to be an increasingly important sector of the provincial economy.
Supercritical drying
Supercritical drying, also known as critical point drying, is a process to remove liquid in a precise and controlled way.  It is useful in the production of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), the drying of spices, the production of aerogel, the decaffeination of coffee and in the preparation of biological specimens.

Freon
Freon (/ˈfriːɒn/ FREE-on) is a registered trademark of Chemours and generic descriptor for a number of halocarbon products. They are stable, nonflammable, low toxicity gases or liquids which have generally been used as refrigerants and as aerosol propellants. They include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), both of which cause ozone depletion (although the latter much less so) and contribute to global warming. "Freon" is the brand name for the refrigerants R-12, R-13B1, R-22, R-410A, R-502, and R-503 manufactured by Chemours. They emit a strong smell similar to acetone. Freon has been found to cause damage to human health when inhaled in large amounts. Studies have been conducted in the pursuit to find beneficial reuses for gases under the Freon umbrella as an alternative to disposal.
Schupp
Schupp is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Johann Balthasar Schupp (1610–1661), German theologian, diplomat, pastor, innovative preacher and author of satirical tracts

Ferdie Schupp (1891–1971), American baseball pitcher

Fritz Schupp (1896–1974), German architect

Philipp Schupp (1911 – 1991), American field handball player

Julio César Schupp (d. 2005), Paraguayan diplomat

Paul Schupp (1937–2022), American mathematician

Markus Schupp (born 1966), German football manager and former player

Walt Schupp (1895–1941), American football player

Johnny Schupp (2012-2016), American football player

Walt Schupp
Walter Lee Schupp (September 30, 1895 – August 10, 1941) was an American football tackle, guard, and coach who played one season in the American Professional Football Association (APFA) for the Cincinnati Celts. He played college football for Miami (OH) and was a high school coach for eighteen years afterwards until his death in 1941.
Denial and deception
Denial and deception (D&D) is a Western theoretical framework for conceiving and analyzing military intelligence techniques pertaining to secrecy and deception. Originating in the 1980s, it is roughly based on the more pragmatic Soviet practices of maskirovka (which preceded the D&D conceptualization by decades) but it has a more theoretical approach.

Deception
Deception is the act of convincing of one or many recipients of untrue information. The person creating the deception knows it to be false while the receiver of the information does not. It is often done for personal gain or advantage.

Deceit and dishonesty can also form grounds for civil litigation in tort, or contract law (where it is known as misrepresentation or fraudulent misrepresentation if deliberate), or give rise to criminal prosecution for fraud.
Joan Veny i Clar
Joan Veny i Clar (Campos, Majorca, on 22 August 1932) is a linguist and Catalan dialectologist from Majorca, considered one of the most prestigious and renowned of the Catalan Countries. He is the author of Els parlars catalans, an essential book for Catalan dialectology, synthesis of the dialectal variation of the entire space of the Catalan Countries; and furthermore a dense and rich work, made in conjunction with Lydia Pons: Linguistic Atlas of the Catalan Domain.

Institute for Catalan Studies
The Institute for Catalan Studies (Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans [instiˈtud dəsˈtuðis kətəˈlans]), also known by the acronym IEC, is an academic institution which seeks to undertake research and study into "all elements of Catalan culture". It is based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Xenophilus (phrourarch)
Xenophilus (fl. second half of the 4th century BC) was a Macedonian military figure under Alexander the Great.

As Alexander was preparing to move into Persis, he left a garrison in Susa, appointed Xenophilus as its garrison commander (phrourarch), and reconfirmed Abulites as satrap of Susiana, "holding civil jurisdiction". Xenophilus replaced the Persian commandant of Susa, Mazarus. During the Wars of the Diadochi he defended Susa against the forces of Seleucus I. What became of Xenophilus is unknown, but it is likely that Antigonus either kept him in honorable detention (as appears to be the case with Peucestas) or eliminated him.

Susa
Susa (/ˈsuːsə/ SOO-sə) was an ancient city in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km (160 mi) east of the Tigris, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers in Iran. It represents the current city of Shush, located on the site of ancient Susa. One of the most important cities of the Ancient Near East, Susa served as the capital of Elam and the winter capital of the Achaemenid Empire, and remained a strategic centre during the Parthian and Sasanian periods.
1961 Haitian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Haiti on 30 April 1961. They followed the dissolution of Parliament by President François Duvalier and the abolition of the Senate, making the Chamber of Deputies a unicameral body. Duvalier's National Unity Party won all 67 seats in the elections, which were later re-interpreted as presidential elections in order to give Duvalier a six-year presidential term and avoid the need for scheduled presidential election in 1963.

For the first time in Haitian history, two women were elected as deputies: Madame Max Adolphe and Aviole Paul-Blanc.

Chamber of Deputies (Haiti)
The Chamber of Deputies (French: Chambre des députés; Haitian Creole: Chanm Depite) is the lower house of Haiti's bicameral legislature, the Haitian Parliament. The upper house of the Haitian Parliament is the Senate of Haiti. The Chamber has 119 members (previously 99) who are elected by popular vote to four-year terms. There are no term limits for Deputies; they may be re-elected indefinitely.

In March 2015 a new electoral decree stated that the new Chamber of Deputies have 118 members, and the Senate will retain the 30 members. On 13 March, President Michel Martelly issued a decree that split the Cerca La Source into two constituencies, and therefore increasing the number of deputies up to 119.
Maritime history of Chile
The Maritime history of Chile started when Chile gained independence, but traces it origin in the colonial era and has ultimately origin in the seafaring tradition of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and the Mediterranean as well as from indigenous peoples of Chile.

Mocha Island
Mocha Island (Spanish: Isla Mocha [ˈisla ˈmotʃa]) is a Chilean island located west of the coast of Arauco Province in the Pacific Ocean. The island is the location of numerous historic shipwrecks. In Mapuche mythology, the souls of dead people travel west to visit this island. The waters off the island are a popular place for recreational sea fishing.
Ford Evos (concept car)
The Ford Evos is a coupe-style plug-in hybrid grand tourer concept car unveiled to the public at the September 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show by Ford Europe.

The exterior design, referred to as Kinetic 2.0, was carried out by Stefan Lamm under the leadership of Ford of Europe's executive design director Martin Smith. The car features four gull-wing doors and is not intended for production. However, Ford announced that the design strategy showcased in the Evos will appear on production cars in a few months.

The Evos is powered by a plug-in hybrid electric powertrain which consists of a 2.0-liter Atkinson cycle gasoline engine, electric motor and lithium-ion battery pack.

Atkinson cycle
The Atkinson-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine invented by James Atkinson in 1882. The Atkinson cycle is designed to provide efficiency at the expense of power density.

A variation of this approach is used in some modern automobile engines. While originally seen exclusively in hybrid electric applications such as the earlier-generation Toyota Prius, later hybrids and some non-hybrid vehicles now feature engines with variable valve timing. Variable valve timing can run in the Atkinson cycle as a part-time operating regimen, giving good economy while running in Atkinson cycle mode, and conventional power density when running in conventional Otto cycle mode.
Celestine Onwuliri
Celestine Onyemobi Elihe Onwuliri (17 February 1952 – 3 June 2012) was a Nigerian academician in the field of Parasitology. He served as the 5th Vice Chancellor of Federal University of Technology Owerri. He was also the Acting Vice Chancellor of the University of Jos.

Onwuliri served in other capacities like a university professor and Honorable Commissioner.

Following his passing, the Graduate Theological Foundation established the Celestine O. E. Onwuliri Fellowship in Scientific Research and Human Values in his honor. The fellowship, based in the United States, reflects his impact on scientific research and the importance he placed on human values.

National Universities Commission
The National Universities Commission (NUC) is a Nigerian government agency set up to regulate higher education in Nigeria.

NUC, as it is popularly called, was established in 1962 as an advisory agency in the cabinet office.  In 1974, it became a statutory body and its first executive secretary was professor Jibril Aminu.  NUC is currently part of the Federal Ministry of Education and is a parastatal (government-owned corporation).

The commission has a governing council, currently headed by professor Shehu Galadanchi and its executive secretary is Abubakar Adamu Rasheed, who assumed office on 3 August 2016.  Since its establishment, the commission has transformed from a small office in the cabinet office to an important arm of government in the area of development and management of university education in Nigeria.
Super-voting stock
Supervoting stock is a stock class whose holders have disproportionately larger voting right than holders of other kinds of stock. It enables a limited number of stockholders to control a company.

Usually, the purpose of the super voting shares is to give key company insiders greater control over the company's voting rights, and thus its board and corporate actions. The existence of super voting shares can also be an effective defense against hostile takeovers, since key insiders can maintain majority voting control of their company without actually owning more than half of the outstanding shares.

An example of a company that uses super-voting stock is Alphabet, the parent company of Google. It has three classes of shares: Class A, Class B, and Class C. Its Class B shares are super-voting shares, which confer 10 votes per share. They are only held by founders and insiders, and can't be publicly traded.

Takeover
In business, a takeover is the purchase of one company (the target) by another (the acquirer or bidder). In the UK, the term refers to the acquisition of a public company whose shares are publicly listed, in contrast to the acquisition of a private company.

Management of the target company may or may not agree with a proposed takeover, and this has resulted in the following takeover classifications: friendly, hostile, reverse or back-flip. Financing a takeover often involves loans or bond issues which may include junk bonds as well as a simple cash offer. It can also include shares in the new company.
2009–10 Kuwaiti Federation Cup
The 3rd Kuwaiti Federation Cup started on October 2, 2009.

The third Federation Cup is one of four competitions in the Kuwaiti 2009/2010 season. 14 clubs are taking part in the tournament.

They were divided into two groups of seven, and the winner and runner-up of each group will advance to the semi-finals.

The cup is used as a curtain raiser to the Kuwaiti Premier League season.

Kuwait Premier League
The Kuwaiti Premier League (Arabic: الدوري الكويتي, romanized: Dawriyy al-Kuwaytī), known as Zain Premier League due to sponsorship reasons, is the top division of the Kuwait football pyramid system. Formed in 1961, Kuwait SC holds the best record in the competition, having won 20 times.
Duriankari people
Duriankari people, also known as Efpan, are an ethnic group living in Duriankari, Central Salawati District, Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua, Indonesia. They previously spoke the Duriankari language (Duriankere), which became extinct in the 1990s; the language was replaced by the Moi and Ma'ya (Salawati) languages. They rely on sago harvesting and fishing.

The population of this tribe is nearly extinct. In 1979, only 15 people identified themselves as Duriankari, making them the smallest population among the surrounding ethnic groups. Because of their small numbers, the Duriankari assimilated and have always lived among the Kawit people, a subgroup of the Moi. As a result, they are sometimes also referred to as Kawit people. The Duriankari generally practice Protestant Christianity.

Salawati language
Salawati is an Austronesian language spoken on Salawati Island, in the Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesian New Guinea. There is some uncertainty as to whether the dialects comprise a single language or two separate ones (divided geographically between the west and east sides of the island).: 29

Salawati is a vulnerable-to-endangered language (6b-7 on the EGIDS scale), with younger community members having only a passive command of the language. Anecdotal reports suggest that younger speakers may be learning the language in some Tepin-dialect villages, but these reports are unconfirmed.: 27–28

Like its related languages of the Raja Ampat Islands, Salawati has approximately 15 consonants and 5-6 vowels and lexical tone. It is mainly head-initial in noun phrases, and primarily uses prepositions over postpositions.: 28, 30
Stefan I of Bulgaria
Stefan I was a Bulgarian prelate. He was elected Metropolitan of Sofia in 1922 and, from 1945, also served as Exarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. He actively contributed to the rescue of the Bulgarian Jews in World War II. He was awarded Order of the White Eagle and other decorations.

Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)
The Order of the White Eagle (Serbian: Орден Белог орла, romanized: Orden Belog orla) was a state order in the Kingdom of Serbia (1883–1918) and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1945).

It continues as a dynastic order, with appointments currently made by Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia.
Saratoga Cup
The Saratoga Cup was an American Thoroughbred horse race open to horses of either sex age three and older although geldings were not eligible from 1865 through 1918. Between 1865 and 1955 it was hosted by Saratoga Race Course, in Saratoga Springs, New York with the exception of 1943 through 1945 when wartime restrictions were in place and the race was held at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York.

The race was not run from 1887 to 1890, from 1892 to 1900, in 1908, 1911, 1912, from 1956 to 1962, and from 1964 to 1993. The 75 editions of the race were contested at four different distances:

1865–1886 : 2+1⁄4 miles

1891 : 2 miles

1901: 15⁄8 miles

1902–1955 : 1+3⁄4 miles

Elmont, New York
Elmont is an unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in northwestern Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, United States, along its border with the borough of Queens in the City of New York. The population was 35,265 at the time of the 2020 census.

The hamlet is famous for Belmont Park which hosts the Belmont Stakes, the third leg of the prestigious Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing. Elmont is also home to UBS Arena, home of the NHL's New York Islanders.

Elmont has tried incorporating itself as a village multiple times, but has been unable to successfully do so.
History of electricity
History of electricity can refer to:

See Electricity § History for an overview

History of electromagnetic theory

History of electrical engineering

History of electric power transmission

History of electricity generation

History of electronic engineering

History of electromagnetic theory
The history of electromagnetic theory begins with ancient measures to understand atmospheric electricity, in particular lightning. People then had little understanding of electricity, and were unable to explain the phenomena. Scientific understanding and research into the nature of electricity grew throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries through the work of researchers such as André-Marie Ampère, Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, Michael Faraday, Carl Friedrich Gauss and James Clerk Maxwell.

In the 19th century it had become clear that  electricity and magnetism  were related, and their theories were unified: wherever charges are in motion electric current results, and magnetism is due to electric current. The source for electric field is electric charge, whereas that for magnetic field is electric current (charges in motion).
Tania Rincón
Tania Vanessa Rincón Sánchez (born December 15, 1986) is a Mexican model and television presenter.

After winning the 2006 Nuestra Belleza Michoacán pageant, Rincón earned the right to represent her state in the national Nuestra Belleza México 2006 competition, in which she eventually reached the top 10 and was presented with the contest's annual Academic Award.

Rincón went on to pursue a television career and became host of Fox Sports Latinoamérica's Lo mejor de Fox Sports. She also joined the cast of the entertainment morning talk show Venga la alegría on TV Azteca. In August 2014, Rincón helped to raise awareness of the disease ALS by participating in the Ice Bucket Challenge.

TV Azteca
Televisión Azteca, commonly known as TV Azteca, is a Mexican multimedia conglomerate owned by Grupo Salinas. It is the second-largest mass media company in Mexico after Televisa. It primarily competes with Televisa as well as some local operators. It owns two national television networks, Azteca Uno and Azteca 7, and operates two other nationally distributed services, adn40 and A Más+. All three of these networks have transmitters in most major and minor cities.

TV Azteca also operates Azteca Trece Internacional, reaching 13 countries in Central and South America, and formerly part of the Azteca América network in the United States. Its flagship program is the newscast Hechos.