hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chryseobacterium gwangjuense
Chryseobacterium gwangjuense  is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from soil from the Gwangju province in Korea.

Gwangju
Gwangju (Korean: 광주; Korean: [kwaŋ.dʑu] ⓘ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until its promotion to a metropolitan city in 2005, upon which the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County.

Its name is composed of the words gwang (Korean: 광; Hanja: 光) meaning "light" and ju (주; 州) meaning "province". Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju (무주; 武州), in which "Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju, Ungju, Jeonju, Muju and various counties, plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla" in the Samguk sagi. In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.
Oxfordshire Day
Oxfordshire Day is celebrated on 19 October to promote the historic English county of Oxfordshire. It is also the principal feast day of the patron saint of the city and university of Oxford, St Frideswide.

The commemoration of St Frideswide's Day was encouraged in the nineteenth century by Henry Liddell, Dean of Christ Church. The feast day now appears in the calendars of the Diocese of Oxford and the Roman Catholic Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham. Each year there is a civic service to celebrate St Frideswide's Day in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, which houses her shrine.

Henry Liddell
Henry George Liddell (/ˈlɪdəl/; 6 February 1811 – 18 January 1898) was dean (1855–1891) of Christ Church, Oxford, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University (1870–1874), headmaster (1846–1855) of Westminster School (where a house is now named after him), author of A History of Rome (1855), and co-author (with Robert Scott) of the monumental work A Greek–English Lexicon, known as "Liddell and Scott", which is still widely used by students of Greek. Lewis Carroll wrote Alice's Adventures in Wonderland for Henry Liddell's daughter Alice.
Sayyidina Husain Secondary School
Sayyidina Husain Secondary School (Malay: Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Husain) is a government secondary school in Sengkurong, a settlement in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. The school provides five years of general secondary education leading up to GCE O Level qualification. It was established in May 1994 and has a student population of around 1,100. The current principal is Nor'izzah binti Othman since January 2022. It is one of the schools under Cluster 4, a school district of the Ministry of Education.

Cambridge O-Level
Cambridge O-Level is one of many school qualifications offered by Cambridge International Education (CIE) for students typically aged 14–16. It is considered equivalent to the UK General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and the IGCSE (also offered by Cambridge), and acts as a foundation for CIE's higher-level school qualifications such as the Cambridge International AS & A Levels. The qualification is generally exam-based with little to no coursework options, and continues internationally as an adaptation of the GCE Ordinary Level, which was abolished in the United Kingdom in 1988.
Argyrolagus
Argyrolagus is an extinct genus of South American metatherian, belonging to the order Polydolopimorpha from the Early Pliocene Monte Hermoso Formation, Patagonia, Argentina.

Jumping on its hind legs, the 15–20-centimetre (5.9–7.9 in) long (without tail) Argyrolagus resembled a gerbil or kultarr. It had a long tail for balance, and a narrow head with a pointed snout. Judging from its huge eyes, Argyrolagus was nocturnal. The form of its teeth suggest that it would have fed on desert plants. A 2019 study confirmed that Argyrolagus was probably adapted for bipedal jumping and was probably also well adapted for digging.

Kultarr
The kultarr (Antechinomys laniger) (also called the "jerboa-marsupial" or marsupial jerboa) is a small insectivorous nocturnal marsupial inhabiting the arid interior of Australia. Preferred habitat includes stony deserts, shrubland, woodland, grassland and open plains. The kultarr has a range of adaptations to help cope with Australia's harsh arid environment including torpor similar to hibernation that helps conserve energy. The species has declined across its former range since European settlement due to changes in land management practices and introduced predators.
Baby Ameya
Ameya Anilkumar (born 5 January 2018), credited professionally as Baby Ameya, is an Indian child actress who predominantly works in Malayalam-language soap operas. She is well known for her role of Parukutty in the sitcom Uppum Mulakum aired on Flowers.

Flowers TV
Flowers TV is an Indian Malayalam-language, general-entertainment, pay television channel owned by Insight Media City. The channel was launched on 12 April 2015. Flowers TV HD feed is only available through their YouTube channel.
Purington
Purington is a surname.

Notable people with the name include:

C. W. Purington, geologist who co-discovered the Purington Shale, a geological formation in Illinois

Carl Purington Rollins (1880–1960), American printer

Elisha Purington, American clockmaker, builder and first resident of the Elisha Purington House

Florence Purington (1862–1950), American academic, first dean of Mount Holyoke College

Louise C. Purington (1844–1916), American physician and temperance movement leader

William Purington Cole Jr. (1889–1957), American jurist and Congressman

Dillwyn V. Purington, politician and co-founder of Purington Paving Brick Company

William C. Purington, co-founder of Purington Paving Brick Company

Louise Chamberlain Purington
Louise C. Purington (née Chamberlain; 1844–1916) was an American physician and temperance movement leader. She collaborated with Frances Willard in the early movements and efforts of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). Purington served as National Superintendent of the WCTU's Department of Health and Heredity. She contributed to leading periodicals, as well as publishing manuals and leaflets, in both missionary and temperance lines.
1999 British GT Championship
The 1999 Privilege Insurance British GT Championship was the seventh season of the British GT Championship, an auto racing series organised by the British Racing Drivers Club (BRDC) and sponsored by Privilege.  The races featured grand touring cars conforming to two categories of regulations known as GT1 and GT2, and awarded a driver championship in each category.  This was the final season that the GT1 class competed in the series.  The season began on 28 March 1999 and ended on 10 October 1999 after eleven events, all held in Great Britain with one race in Belgium.  The series was joined by the BRDC Marcos Mantis Challenge Cup for several events.

Jamie Campbell-Walter and Julian Bailey won the GT1 championship for Lister Storm Racing, while David Warnock won the GT2 category for Cirtek Motorsport.

Privilege (insurance company)
Privilege is a division of the Direct Line Group founded in 1994 that specialises in selling insurance over the phone and internet.

Privilege insurance, based in Bromley, is underwritten by UK Insurance Limited and currently sells home insurance, car insurance and car breakdown cover.

Joanna Lumley, Ian Wright and Nigel Havers are celebrities who have all appeared in Privilege advertising campaigns, featuring the 'You don't have to be posh to be Privileged' slogan.
Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal
Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (transl. New Meanings) is a 1989 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film, written and directed by K. Balachander. The film stars Rahman (credited as Raghu) and Geetha, with Sowcar Janaki, Jayachitra, Janagaraj and Sithara (in her Tamil cinema debut) in supporting roles. It was released on 28 October 1989. The film won a Filmfare Award South, and two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.

Filmfare Awards South
The Filmfare Awards South are annual awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema. They are presented by Filmfare magazine of The Times Group. When it was introduced in 1954, the Filmfare Awards initially only recognized achievements in the Hindi cinema. In 1964 the awards were extended to Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Marathi languages for the films released in 1963. The awards were extended to Malayalam cinema in 1967 and Kannada cinema in 1970.

Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad. Before 1976, the ceremony was held in Mumbai along with Hindi segment. From 1976, the southern region segment were separated from awards for Hindi-language films and moved to Chennai first, and later to Hyderabad in 1997. The event made its debut in Bengaluru and Kochi in 2022 and 2026 respectively.
2011 Winton 300
The 2011 Winton 300 was a motor race for the Australian sedan-based V8 Supercars racing cars. It was the fifth event of the 2011 International V8 Supercars Championship. It was held on the weekend of May 20 to 22 at the Winton Motor Raceway near Benalla, Victoria.

The event hosted races 10 and 11 of the 2011 season. A 40 lap, 120-kilometre race was held on Saturday while a 67 lap, 200-kilometre race was held on Sunday. Both races were preceded by a 20-minute qualifying session to decide the grid.

Jamie Whincup continued his strong start to the season with a win and a second place. Jason Bright took his second win in as many events by taking out the second race. Steven Johnson recorded his first podium finish for the year, only narrowly beaten to second place in the Saturday race by Lee Holdsworth. Whincup increased his championship lead to 262 points.

Benalla
Benalla /bəˈnælə/
is a small city in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia. The town sits on the Broken River, about 212 kilometres (130 mi) north east of the state capital Melbourne. As of the 2021 census, the population was 9,316. It is the administrative centre for the Rural City of Benalla local government area.
Lotek (food)
Lotek (alt. spelling: lothek, Javanese: ꦭꦺꦴꦛꦼꦏ꧀) is a Javanese (Indonesian) vegetable-based salad with peanut sauce. While the sauce ingredients are the same with that of pecel, lotek sauce is typically much sweeter to taste, a nod to a classic "Matraman" (adj. belong to the Mataram Sultanate) cuisine.

Lotek is popular in the southern parts of Central Java and Yogyakarta, where a sweet taste is traditionally preferred. It may also be called lontong pecel since it is basically lontong and pecel served with krupuk and gorengan.

Fritter
A fritter is a portion of meat, seafood, fruit, vegetables, or other ingredients which have been battered or breaded, or just a portion of dough without further ingredients, that is deep-fried. Fritters are prepared in both sweet and savory varieties.
Limes Gate Dalkingen
The Limes Gate in Dalkingen is a unique Roman triumphal monument on the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes and is one of its most impressive ruins. Since 2005, the ancient border passage, which was developed into a triumphal gate under Emperor Caracalla, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, together with the entire Roman Limes complex in Germany. It is also part of the open-air museum of the Rhaetian Limes, which was established in 1972 and also includes the nearby Buch fort and its civilian settlement. The gate, which was declared a cultural monument in 2006, is located between the villages of Schwabsberg and Dalkingen in the Ostalbkreis district of Baden-Württemberg.

Gatehouse
A gatehouse is a type of fortified gateway, an entry control point building, enclosing or accompanying a gateway for a town, religious house, castle, manor house, or other fortification building of importance. Gatehouses are typically the most heavily armed section of a fortification, to compensate for being structurally the weakest and the most probable attack point by an enemy. There are numerous surviving examples in France, Austria, Germany, England and Japan.
B. Sriramulu
Ballari Sreeramulu (born 8 August 1971) is an Indian politician who served as Minister of Transport Department and Tribal Welfare of Karnataka from 4 August, 2021, till 13 May, 2023. He was the Minister of Social Welfare Department of Karnataka from 12 October, 2020, to 26 July, 2021. He was a member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Bellary Rural Molakalmuru Constituency in Chitradurga district. He is the Social Welfare minister in the Government of Karnataka. He served as a Health and Family welfare minister previously from (2008-2011 and August 2019 to October 2020) also as a Minister of Backward class welfare from September 2019 to October 2020. He serves in the Bharatiya Janata Party government led by B. S. Yediyurappa. He served as a member of Lok Sabha from 2014-2018 from Ballari. In March 2024, he was announced as the BJP candidate from the same constituency in the 2024 General Elections.

Karnataka Legislative Assembly
The Karnataka Legislative Assembly (formerly the Mysore Legislative Assembly) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Karnataka is one of the six states in India where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (lower house) and the Vidhan Parishad (upper house).

There are 224 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and are directly elected  through adult franchise. Karnataka is thus divided into 224 constituencies to elect members to the Assembly, each constituency electing one member. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India.
Ilva Mare
Ilva Mare (Hungarian: Nagyilva) is a commune in Bistrița-Năsăud County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Ilva Mare and Ivăneasa (Mihalyászatanya).

The commune is situated in the Bârgău Mountains, at an altitude of 620 m (2,030 ft), on the banks of the river Ilva. It is located in the northeastern part of Bistrița-Năsăud County, 52 km (32 mi) from the county seat, Bistrița. Ilva Mare borders the following communes: Lunca Ilvei to the east, Leșu to the south, Tiha Bârgăului to the southeast, Măgura Ilvei to the west, Rodna to the northwest, and Șanț to the northeast.

At the 2021 census, the commune had a population of 2,338; of those, 89.14% were Romanians and 7.74% Roma.

Bârgău Mountains
The Bârgău Mountains (Hungarian: Borgói-hegység) are a mountain range in the Carpathian Mountains, part of the Căliman-Harghita Mountains in the Bistrița-Năsăud County, in the north of Romania.

The highest point is Heniu Mare at 1,610.5 metres (5,284 feet).
Elaine Equi
Elaine Equi (born 1953) is an American poet.

Equi was born in Oak Park, Illinois and grew up in the Chicago area. Both her parents emigrated from Italy in the 1920s. Since 1988 she has lived in New York City with her husband, poet Jerome Sala. She currently teaches creative writing in the Master of Fine Arts programs at City College of New York and The New School. Widely published, her poems have appeared in Big Other, The New Yorker, American Poetry Review, and numerous volumes of The Best American Poetry. In April 2007  Coffee House Press published Ripple Effect: New and Selected Poems. Also in 2007 she edited a special section for Jacket Magazine: The Holiday Album: Greeting Card Poems For All Occasions.

Jacket (magazine)
Jacket was an online literary periodical founded by the Australian poet John Tranter, published from 1997-2010. The first issue was in October 1997.

Until 2010, each new number of the magazine was posted at the website piece by piece until the new issue was full, when the next issue started. Past issues remain posted as well. Most of the material was original to the magazine, "but some is excerpted from or co-produced with hard-to-get books and magazines, partly to help them find new readers", according to the Jacket website.

Peter Forbes called Jacket the "prince of online poetry magazines". After the 40th volume, Tranter gave the magazine to the University of Pennsylvania in 2010, where it was published with an augmented staff and resources at the Kelly Writers House as Jacket2.
Irish measure
Irish measure or plantation measure was a system of units of land measurement used in Ireland from the 16th century plantations until the 19th century, with residual use into the 20th century. The units were based on "English measure" but used a linear perch measuring 7 yards (6.4 m) as opposed to the English rod of 5.5 yards (5.0 m). Thus, linear units such as the furlong and mile, which were defined in terms of perches, were longer by a factor of 14:11 (~27% more) in Irish measure, while units of area, such as the rood or acre, were larger by 196:121 (~62% more). The Weights and Measures Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 74) mandated the use throughout the British Empire of "Imperial measure", also called "statute measure", based on English measure. Imperial measure soon replaced Irish measure in the use of the Dublin Castle administration, but Irish measure persisted in local government, and longer still in private use.

Civil Survey
The Civil Survey was a cadastral survey of landholdings in Ireland carried out in 1654–1656. It was separate from the Down Survey, which began while the Civil Survey was in progress, and made use of Civil Survey data to guide its progress.  Whereas the Down Survey was a cartographic survey based on measurements in the field, the Civil Survey was an inquisition which visited each barony and took depositions from landholders based on parish and townland, with written descriptions of their boundaries. The Civil Survey covered 27 of Ireland's 32 counties, excluding 5 counties in Connacht which had been covered in the 1630s by the Strafford survey commissioned by Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford. The original Civil Survey records were destroyed by fire in 1711, but a set of copies for 10 counties was discovered in the 19th century.
Impact Arena
The Impact Arena (Thai: อิมแพ็ค อารีน่า) is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in the Impact, Muang Thong Thani commercial complex in Pak Kret, Nonthaburi, Thailand, north of Bangkok. It was opened in December 1998 and is owned by the Bangkok Land Public Company Limited. The arena has a capacity of 12,000 people.

Nonthaburi province
Nonthaburi is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946), which came into force on 9 May 1946 (Thursday).

Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Bangkok, and Nakhon Pathom. Nonthaburi is the most densely populated province after Bangkok. The Bang Kwang Central Prison is in the province.
Woodface
Woodface is the third studio album by Crowded House. The album was produced by Mitchell Froom and Neil Finn and was released by Capitol Records in July 1991. It features five singles: "Chocolate Cake", "Fall at Your Feet", "It's Only Natural", "Weather with You", and "Four Seasons in One Day". Woodface was a major hit in Australia and New Zealand as well as giving the band their first top ten hit album in the UK. It was listed at No. 3 in the book 100 Best Australian Albums in October 2010. It was voted number 80 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000).

All Time Top 1000 Albums
All Time Top 1000 Albums is a book by Colin Larkin, creator and editor of the Encyclopedia of Popular Music. The book was first published by Guinness Publishing in 1994. The list presented is the result of over 200,000 votes cast by the public in record shops, universities, schools and the French music trade show MIDEM – and ranked in order. Each album's entry is accompanied by an annotation with a 100-word review, details of its creation, and notes about the band or artist who recorded it.

The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album made the top spot in the first edition, and the same band's Revolver made the top spot in the second, third and pocket editions of the series.
Trans-Pecos rat snake
The Trans-Pecos rat snake or Davis Mountain rat snake (Bogertophis subocularis), is a species of medium to large, nonvenomous rat snake in the family Colubridae. Bogertophis subocularis is endemic to the Chihuahuan Desert.

Chihuahuan Desert
The Chihuahuan Desert (Spanish: Desierto de Chihuahua, Desierto Chihuahuense) is a desert ecoregion designation covering parts of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It occupies much of far West Texas, the middle to lower Rio Grande Valley and the lower Pecos Valley in New Mexico, and a portion of southeastern Arizona, as well as the central and northern portions of the Mexican Plateau. It is bordered on the west by the Sonoran Desert, the Colorado Plateau, and the extensive Sierra Madre Occidental range, along with northwestern lowlands of the Sierra Madre Oriental range. Its largest, continual expanse is located in Mexico, covering a large portion of the state of Chihuahua, along with portions of Coahuila, north-eastern Durango, the extreme northern part of Zacatecas, and small western portions of Nuevo León. With an area of about 501,896 km2 (193,783 sq mi), it is the largest hot desert in North America. The desert is fairly young, existing for only 8,000 years.
Palms (Palms album)
Palms is the first studio album by the alternative rock band Palms. It was released in 2013 in CD digipack, limited edition vinyl, limited edition cassette and digital download formats by Ipecac Records. The album was made available for streaming by Spin on June 18, 2013, one week before its release. Upon its release, Palms debuted at No. 55 on the Billboard 200 and received positive reviews. The album has been described as post-metal and alternative rock, much like singer Chino Moreno's main band, Deftones.

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.
Return to Montauk
Return to Montauk (Rückkehr nach Montauk) is a 2017 German drama film directed by Volker Schlöndorff. It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section of the 67th Berlin International Film Festival.

Golden Bear
The Golden Bear (German: Goldener Bär) is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival and is, along with the Palme d'Or and the Golden Lion, widely considered among the most prestigious film festival awards. The bear is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin.
Samsung Galaxy Beam i8530
The Samsung Galaxy Beam i8530 (also known as the Galaxy Beam) is a projector-enabled smartphone produced by Samsung. Its main feature is a built-in DLP nHD projector at up to 50 inches (1,300 mm) in size at 15 lumens. The Galaxy Beam was presented at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona on February 2012.

Lumen (unit)
The lumen (symbol: lm) is the SI unit of luminous flux, which quantifies the perceived power of visible light emitted by a source. Luminous flux differs from power (radiant flux), which encompasses all electromagnetic waves emitted, including non-visible ones such as thermal radiation (infrared). By contrast, luminous flux is weighted according to a model (a "luminosity function") of the human eye's sensitivity to various wavelengths; this weighting is standardized by the CIE and ISO.

The lumen is defined as equivalent to one candela-steradian (symbol cd·sr):

A full sphere has a solid angle of 4π steradians (≈ 12.56637 sr), so an isotropic light source (that uniformly radiates in all directions) with a luminous intensity of one candela has a total luminous flux of

One lux is one lumen per square metre.