hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iota Sagittarii
Iota Sagittarii (Iota Sgr, ι Sagittarii, ι Sgr) is a star in the zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. With an apparent visual magnitude of +4.118, it is bright enough to be viewed with the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 17.94 mas as seen from Earth, this star is located 182 light years from the Sun. It is moving away from the Earth with a radial velocity of +35.8 km/s.

This is a probable astrometric binary, based upon proper motion data collected during the Hipparcos mission. The visible component shows the spectrum of an evolved K-type giant or bright giant star with a stellar classification of K0 II-III. The measured angular diameter, after correction for limb darkening, is 2.32±0.02 mas. At an estimated distance of this star, this yields a physical size of about 15 times the radius of the Sun. It has 1.4 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 87 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of about 4,594 K.

Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. A stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance and luminosity. Spectroscopy can show the velocity of motion towards or away from the observer by measuring the Doppler shift. Spectroscopy is also used to study the physical properties of many other types of celestial objects such as planets, nebulae, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei.
John A. Schefte
John Anton Schefte (16 February 1872 – 24 February 1957) was a Norwegian newspaper editor and politician for the Liberal Party.

He was born in Ogndal, and had a bookprinter's education. He was the editor-in-chief of Grømstad-Posten from 1900 to 1908, and was also a member of the municipal council for Grimstad. He then started and edited Indherred from October 1910 to September 1919. He was acting editor of Inntrøndelagen briefly, before taking over as editor of Stjørdalens Blad. He was a member of the municipal council of Stjørdal Municipality as well, and was a temperance activist. He remained editor of Stjørdalens Blad until his death in February 1957. He was buried in Værnes.

Skei, Trøndelag
Skei (also known as Ogndal) is a village in Steinkjer Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located in the Ogndalen valley, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) east of the town of Steinkjer. The rural village is the site of the Skei Church. The village was part of Ogndal Municipality until 1964 when it became part of Steinkjer Municipality.
Farm to Market Road 3078
Farm to Market Road 3078 (FM 3078) is a 14.7-mile (23.7 km) road maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) that connects Interstate 10 (I-10) to State Highway 17 (SH 17) in Toyahvale. The route is in Jeff Davis and Reeves counties and connects Toyahvale to points farther west along I-10 including Kent and Van Horn. FM 3078 is part of the state's Farm and Ranch to Market Road System.

Between 1966 and 1983 the numerical designation was assigned to a road in Maverick and Zavala counties. The current road was previously assigned as SH 27 and then U.S. Route 290 before the completion of I-10 locally.

The road was part of a major route connecting El Paso to central and southern Texas and was accordingly constructed better than its current designation would suggest. The road is entirely rural in nature with no major intersections between its termini.

Jeff Davis County, Texas
Jeff Davis County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,996. Its county seat is Fort Davis. The county is named for Jefferson Davis, who served as the 23rd United States Secretary of War in the 1850s, and as Confederate president.

Jeff Davis County is recognizable for its unique shape; it is a pentagon that has no north–south nor east–west boundaries, save for a six-mile line serving as its southern boundary. It is the only county in the United States that touches a foreign country (Mexico) at a single point. Jeff Davis is one of the nine counties that compose the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas.

The county contains the 270,000-acre (1,100 km2) Texas Davis Mountains American Viticultural Area. About 50 acres (0.2 km2) are "under vine". The McDonald Observatory, owned by the University of Texas at Austin, is located near Fort Davis.
Armando Cupo
Oscar Armando Cupo (Buenos Aires, 26 December 1921 - 21 July 1990) was a piano player, composer and bandleader in Argentina during the golden age of tango.

In 1952 Cupo's orchestra invited a singer Roberto Rufino. He also worked with Alberto Morán in 1955. In 1960 Cupo created an orchestra "Estrellas de Buenos Aires". In 1972 he was one of the founders of Sexteto Mayor orchestra.

Armando Cupo is a composer of tangos “Con este corazón”, “Siempre a tiempo” and “Una vida más”.

Argentine tango
Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires. It typically has a 24 or 44 rhythmic time signature, and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC. Its lyrics are marked by nostalgia, sadness, and laments for lost love. The typical orchestra  has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the bandoneon. It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally, adding modern elements without replacing the older ones. Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter Carlos Gardel and composers/performers Francisco Canaro, Juan D'Arienzo, Carlos Di Sarli, Osvaldo Pugliese, Elvira Santamaría, and Ástor Piazzolla.
Tom Harrop Sidebottom
Thomas Harrop Sidebottom (16 April 1826 – 25 May 1908) was a British businessman and Conservative Party politician.

He was the eldest son of William Sidebottom of Etherow House, Hollingworth, Cheshire. Following education at Manchester Grammar School, he followed his father into business as a cotton spinner and manufacturer in the city. He was a director of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway and was considered an authority on bimetallism.

Sidebottom was appointed a justice of the peace for the counties of Cheshire and Derbyshire and in 1886 married Edith Murgatroyd of Didsbury.

At the 1874 general election he was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Stalybridge. He was unseated by his Liberal opponent at the ensuing election in 1880, but regained the seat in 1885. He retired from parliament at the 1900 general election.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
The Leith Agency
The Leith Agency is a creative agency that predominantly focuses on advertising based in the Leith area of Edinburgh, Scotland. The agency was founded in St Mary's School House, Leith in 1984, starting life as a traditional advertising agency. It was bought by marketing services group Cello in 2004.

Leith
Leith (/liːθ/; Scottish Gaelic: Lìte) is a suburb to the north of Edinburgh, Scotland, lying at the mouth of the Water of Leith. It is home to the Port of Leith.

The earliest surviving historical references are in the royal charter authorising the construction of Holyrood Abbey in 1128 in which it is termed Inverlet (Inverleith). After centuries of control by Edinburgh, Leith was made a separate burgh in 1833 only to be merged into Edinburgh in 1920.

Leith is located on the southern coast of the Firth of Forth and lies within the City of Edinburgh council area; since 2007 it has formed one of 17 multi-member wards of the city.
Walter Butler of Nodstown
Walter Butler of Nodstown (or Ballynenoddagh or Moyaliffe), (died 1560) was the fourth son of James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond and Lady Joan Fitzgerald. Nodstown is a townland in the civil parish of Ardmayle in the barony of Middle Third, County Tipperary. Moyaliff is a townland and a civil parish in the barony of Kilnamanagh Upper, County Tipperary.

Kilnamanagh Upper
Kilnamanagh Upper (Irish: Cill na Manach Uachtarach) is a barony in County Tipperary, Ireland. This geographical unit of land is one of 12 baronies in County Tipperary. Its chief town is Borrisoleigh. The barony lies between Ormond Upper to the north (whose chief town is Toomevara), Kilnamanagh Lower to the south (whose chief town is Dundrum) and Eliogarty to the east (whose chief town is Thurles). It is currently administered by Tipperary County Council.
Freedom's Watch
Freedom's Watch was a Washington, D.C.-based 501(c)(4) lobbying organization. Freedom's Watch was supportive of the George W. Bush administration's positions in the war on terror and of Republican Congressional candidates. The group was run and supported, in part, by several former officials of the Bush administration. The organization stated that its goal was "educating individuals about and advancing public policies that protect America’s interests at home and abroad, foster economic prosperity, and strengthen families." In the 2008 election cycle, Freedom's Watch purchased advertisements in support of Republican congressional candidates.

Bradley A. Blakeman, Republican strategist and former member of George W. Bush's senior staff, served as President.

In December 2008, the organization's board of directors decided to shut it down at the end of 2008.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Train of Many Metals
The Train of Many Metals (also referred to as TOMM) is one of the New York Transit Museum's nostalgia trains used for B Division excursions. The name refers to most of the cars that were preserved being constructed from steel, and in reference to the Train of Many Colors.

The train made its first run in August 2014, when some of the cars were used on an excursion to The Rockaways as part of celebrating the restoration of service on the IND Rockaway Line. In general, cars may be used to commemorate a special occasion.

Some of the cars are housed in the New York Transit Museum when not used for excursions. Others are stored at the 207th Street Yard.

Excursion train
An excursion train is a chartered train run for a special event or purpose. Examples are trains to major sporting event, trains run for railfans or tourists, and special trains operated by the railway company for employees and prominent customers.
Warmington, Warwickshire
Warmington is a village and civil parish in the Stratford-on-Avon district of Warwickshire, England. It is located on the border with Oxfordshire, around 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Banbury. The civil parish had, according to the 2001 Census a population of 297 increasing to 304 at the 2011 Census. The parish also includes Arlescote and the council is called Warmington & Arlescote. The National Herb Centre is found just outside the village.

Warmington is on the northern side of Edge Hill, a prominent local ridge. Its church is one of six that make up the Edgehill group, along with those of nearby Radway, Ratley and Shotteswell. The village is also regarded as being part of the informal area of Banburyshire. The M40 motorway passes just to the north and east of Warmington. Before the motorway was built, the village lay on the A41 road. The National Herb Centre is in the village.

M40 motorway
The M40 motorway links London, Oxford, and Birmingham in England, a distance of about 89 miles (143 km).

The motorway is dual three lanes except for junction 1A to junction 3 (which is dual four lanes) a short section in-between the exit and entry slip-roads at junction 4 (which is two lanes in both directions) and also between the slip-roads at junction 9 (in the south-eastbound direction only).

An Active Traffic Management system operates on the short section north-westbound from junction 16 (A3400) to the M42.
The Longest Yard (2005 film)
The Longest Yard is a 2005 American sports comedy film directed by Peter Segal and written by Sheldon Turner. A remake of 1974's film of the same name, it stars Adam Sandler as a washed-up former professional American football quarterback who goes to prison and is forced to assemble a team to play against the guards. The film co-stars Chris Rock, James Cromwell, Nelly, William Fichtner, David Patrick Kelly, Tracy Morgan, Cloris Leachman, and Burt Reynolds, who played Sandler's role in the original.

It was released by Paramount Pictures in the United States and Canada, and Sony Pictures Releasing–under the Columbia Pictures label–in other territories on May 27, 2005, to negative reviews from critics, but the film was a box office success by grossing $191.2 million on an $82 million budget.

Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group
Sony Pictures Entertainment Motion Picture Group (formerly known as the Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group until 2013, and abbreviated as SPMPG) is a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment to manage its motion picture operations. It was launched in 1998 by integrating the businesses of Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures.
Munificentissimus Deus
Munificentissimus Deus (Latin: The most bountiful God) is an apostolic constitution published in 1950 by Pope Pius XII. It defines ex cathedra the dogma of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It was the first and thus far the only ex-cathedra infallible statement since the official ruling on papal infallibility was made at the First Vatican Council (1869–1870). In 1854 Pope Pius IX had made an infallible statement with Ineffabilis Deus on the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, which was a basis for this dogma.

Apostolic constitution
An apostolic constitution (Latin: constitutio apostolica) is the most solemn form of legislation issued by the Pope.

By their nature, apostolic constitutions are addressed to the public. Generic constitutions use the title apostolic constitution and treat solemn matters of the church, such as the promulgation of laws or definitive teachings. The forms dogmatic constitution and pastoral constitution are titles sometimes used to be more descriptive as to the document's purpose.

Apostolic constitutions are issued as papal bulls because of their solemn, public form. Among types of papal legislation, apostolic letters issued motu proprio are next in solemnity.
1938 Speedway National League Division Two
The 1938 National League Division Two was the inaugural season of British speedway's National League Division Two albeit a continuation of the Provincial League from the previous season in all but name.

The list of teams had several changes. Bristol Bulldogs had moved up to the National League and Hackney Wick Wolves had moved down to take their place. They also swapped licences and riders as well as divisions. Other new entrants were Newcastle, Sheffield and West Ham Hawks (West Ham's reserve team) and Lea Bridge Cubs (made up largely of Harringay reserve riders).

Belle Vue Merseysiders who had replaced Liverpool in the previous season were also absent.

Nottingham withdrew just after the start of the league fixtures and were replaced by Leeds Lions. They did complete most of their early season cup fixtures.

Hackney Wick Wolves won the title.

Newcastle Diamonds
Newcastle Diamonds were a motorcycle speedway team that raced in the British speedway leagues from 1929 to 2022. They were based at Newcastle Stadium on the Fossway, Byker. The Stadium was previously known as Brough Park.
Central Committee of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The Central Committee (CC) composition was elected by the 13th Congress, and sat from 2 June 1924 until 31 December 1925. The CC 1st Plenary Session renewed the composition of the Politburo, Secretariat and the Organizational Bureau (OB) of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).

14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was held during 18–31 December 1925 in Moscow. The congress elected the 14th Central Committee. The congress is best remembered for its declaration of intent to pursue rapid industrialisation of the Soviet Union rather than seeking lasting accommodation as an agricultural producer within the international system of capitalist world economy. It also marked the victory of the majority faction of Joseph Stalin and Nikolai Bukharin over the "New Opposition" headed by Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev.
Anupam (supercomputer)
Anupam is a series of supercomputers designed and developed by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) for their internal usages. It is mainly used for molecular dynamical simulations, reactor physics, theoretical physics, computational chemistry, computational fluid dynamics, and finite element analysis.

The latest in the series is Anupam-Aganya.

Nuclear reactor physics
Nuclear reactor physics is the field of physics that studies and deals with the applied study and engineering applications of chain reaction to induce a controlled rate of fission in a nuclear reactor for the production of energy.

Most nuclear reactors use a chain reaction to induce a controlled rate of nuclear fission in fissile material, releasing both energy and free neutrons. A reactor consists of an assembly of nuclear fuel (a reactor core), usually surrounded by a neutron moderator such as regular water, heavy water, graphite, or zirconium hydride, and fitted with mechanisms such as control rods which control the rate of the reaction.

The physics of nuclear fission has several quirks that affect the design and behavior of nuclear reactors. This article presents a general overview of the physics of nuclear reactors and their behavior.
2018 Sparks Energy 300
The 2018 Sparks Energy 300 was the ninth stock car race of the 2018 NASCAR Xfinity Series season, and the 27th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, April 28, 2018, in Lincoln, Alabama at Talladega Superspeedway, a 2.66 miles (4.28 km) permanent triangle-shaped superspeedway. The race was extended from the scheduled 113 laps to 115 due to a NASCAR overtime finish. At race's end, Spencer Gallagher of GMS Racing would make a last lap pass on Tyler Reddick and fend off the field to win a shocker, winning his first and so far final NASCAR Xfinity Series win of his career and his first and only win of the season. To fill out the podium, Brandon Jones of Joe Gibbs Racing and Justin Allgaier of JR Motorsports would finish second and third, respectively.

Justin Allgaier
Justin Myrl Allgaier (born June 6, 1986) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 7 Chevrolet Camaro SS for JR Motorsports and part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 40 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for JRM.

He is the 2008 ARCA Re/Max Series champion, the 2024 NASCAR Xfinity Series champion, and the 2009 NASCAR Nationwide Series Rookie of the Year.
Carlos Manuel Piedra
Carlos Manuel Piedra y Piedra (or Carlos Modesto Piedra y Piedra) (1895–1988) was a Cuban politician who served as the Interim President of Cuba for nearly a day (January 1, 1959) during the transition of power between Fulgencio Batista and revolutionary leader Fidel Castro in the Cuban Revolution. Piedra was appointed interim president by a junta led by Major General Eulogio Cantillo in accordance with the 1940 Cuban Constitution. Piedra had previously been the eldest judge of the Supreme Court. The appointment of Piedra, the last president to be born under Spanish Cuba, was met with opposition from Castro, who believed that Manuel Urrutia should be appointed.

He was married to María Luisa Martínez Díaz and had two daughters, Isis and Flavia Piedra Martínez.

People's Supreme Court of Cuba
The People's Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo Popular) is the supreme judicial organ of Cuba. It is elected by, and accountable to, the National Assembly of People's Power. The judiciary are independent from the executive branch, as all judges on every level are elected by the National Assembly; the provincial judges by provincial assemblies and the municipal judges by municipal assemblies. The current court dates to 1973 and replaced the earlier Supreme Court of Cuba c. 1898.
Body plan
A body plan, Bauplan (pl. German: Baupläne), or ground plan is a set of morphological features common to many members of a phylum of animals. The vertebrates share one body plan, while invertebrates have many.

This term, usually applied to animals, envisages a "blueprint" encompassing aspects such as symmetry, layers, segmentation, nerve, limb, and gut disposition. Evolutionary developmental biology seeks to explain the origins of diverse body plans.

Body plans have historically been considered to have evolved in a flash in the Ediacaran biota; filling the Cambrian explosion with the results, and a more nuanced understanding of animal evolution suggests gradual development of body plans throughout the early Palaeozoic. Recent studies in animals and plants started to investigate whether evolutionary constraints on body plan structures can explain the presence of developmental constraints during embryogenesis such as the phenomenon referred to as phylotypic stage.

Phenotypic trait
A phenotypic trait, simply trait, or character state is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.  For example, having eye color is a character of an organism,   while blue, brown and hazel versions of eye color are traits.  The term trait is generally used in genetics, often to describe the phenotypic expression of different combinations of alleles in different individual organisms within a single population, such as the famous purple vs. white flower coloration in Gregor Mendel's pea plants.  By contrast, in systematics, the term  character state is employed to describe features that represent fixed diagnostic differences among taxa, such as the absence of tails in great apes, relative to other primate groups.