hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jiangzhe Province
Jiangzhe province (江浙行省) or Chiangche was a province of the Yuan dynasty established in 1276. It included the southern portion of Jiangsu south of the Yangtze River, Zhejiang, Fujian, and part of northern Guangdong. With capital was initially at Yangzhou, but in 1297 it was moved to Hangzhou Lu.

The former Song dynasty circuits which were incorporated into Jiangzhe included Liangzhe East Circuit, Liangzhe West Circuit, Fujian Circuit, and Guangnan East Circuit.

After the establishment of the Ming dynasty, Jiangzhe province was split into Zhejiang and Fujian, with part of the province also being combined into Guangdong.

Guangnan East Circuit
Guangnan East Circuit or Guangnan East Province was one of the major circuits during the Song dynasty. Its administrative area corresponds to roughly the modern Chinese province of Guangdong (minus Leizhou Peninsula) and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.

Guangnan East Circuit and Guangnan West Circuit were split from Guangnan Circuit in 988.
Phạm Cự Lạng
Phạm Cự Lạng (chữ Hán: 范巨倆, 944–984) or Phạm Cự Lượng (范巨量), was a general of Đại Cồ Việt, who served as Grand Commandant during the Đinh dynasty and Early Lê dynasty.

Lạng was born in Trà Hương, Khúc Giang (modern Nam Sách District, Hải Dương Province). His father Phạm Lệnh Công was a general of Ngô Quyền. Lạng led 2,000 men and swore allegiance to Đinh Bộ Lĩnh, and later became an important general of the Đinh dynasty.

Lê Hoàn was made regent in 979, and Lạng became Hoàn's right hand. Song China took note of the weakened condition of Đại Cồ Việt and began to make plans for reconquering the country. Lạng was appointed commander-in-chief to defense. Before the troops set out, Lạng staged a coup, and declared Lê Hoàn the new emperor.

Hải Dương province
Hải Dương was a former province in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. Its name derives from the Sino-Vietnamese 海陽 phrase "ocean sun", though the modern province is in fact landlocked. Located in the Northern Key Economic Region, Hai Duong Province has a dynamic economy with a focus on industrial manufacturing.

On June 12, 2025, Hải Dương was incorporated into Haiphong.
Dave Hendrickson
Dave Hendrickson (born c. 1949) is an American former football coach. He served as the head football coach at Mayville State University in Mayville, North Dakota in 1989 and Minot State University—in Minot, North Dakota from 1990 to 1999, compiling a career college football record of 61–44.

A native of Rugby, North Dakota, Hendrickson attended Valley City State University in Valley City, North Dakota, lettering in football and baseball. He began his coaching career at Minnewaukan High School in Minnewaukan, North Dakota, where he coached football, basketball, and baseball. 1974, he was appointed head football coach at Hettinger High School in Hettinger, North Dakota.

Valley City State University
Valley City State University (VCSU) is a public university in Valley City, North Dakota, United States. It is part of the North Dakota University System. Founded in 1890 as Valley City State Normal School, a two-year teachers' college, it was authorized to confer bachelor's degrees in 1921 and changed its name to Valley City State Teachers College. With an expansion in programs outside teacher education after World War II, it became Valley City State College in 1963. In 1986, it was renamed State University of North Dakota-Valley City and a year later received its current name.

VCSU offers more than 65 undergraduate programs and multiple online graduate programs including a Master of Education, Master of Arts in Teaching and Master of Science in Business Information Systems degrees. In 2015, VCSU graduated 302 students, the largest class in its 125-year history.

VCSU is listed as a Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.
Jhargram railway station
Jhargram railway station is a railway station on Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line under Kharagpur railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Jhargram in Jhargram district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is 40 km (25 mi) from Kharagpur Junction and 96 km (60 mi) from Tatanagar Junction.

Jhargram district
Jhargram  is a district in the state of West Bengal, India.The district lies between the Kangsabati River in the north and the Subarnarekha in the south. Jhargram has one of the lowest population densities among the districts of West Bengal, with almost all its population living in rural areas. It is a popular tourist destination known for its sal forests, elephants, ancient temples and royal palaces. The district was formed on 4 April 2017, after bifurcation from the Paschim Medinipur district as the 22nd district of West Bengal. The district has its headquarters at Jhargram.
1996 National League Championship Series
The 1996 National League Championship Series (NLCS) was a semifinal series in Major League Baseball’s 1996 postseason that matched the East Division champion Atlanta Braves and the Central Division champion St. Louis Cardinals. It was the second NLCS meeting of the two teams and first since 1982. The Braves won in seven games, becoming the eighth team in baseball history to win a best-of-seven postseason series after being down 3–1, and first to overcome such a deficit in the NLCS. They outscored the Cardinals, 32–1, over the final three games. Also, Bobby Cox became the only manager to be on both the winning and losing end of such a comeback in postseason history, having previously lost the 1985 American League Championship Series with the Toronto Blue Jays against the Kansas City Royals after winning three of the first four games.

The Braves would go on to lose to the New York Yankees in the World Series in six games.

Marquis Grissom
Marquis Deon Grissom (born April 17, 1967) is an American former professional baseball center fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Montreal Expos, Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians, Milwaukee Brewers, Los Angeles Dodgers, and San Francisco Giants between 1989 and 2005.

With the Expos, Grissom led the National League (NL) in stolen bases in 1991 and 1992, and represented the NL in the MLB All-Star Game in 1993 and 1994. He won the 1995 World Series as a member of the Braves. Grissom won four consecutive Gold Glove Awards from 1993 to 1996.
Aikaterini Fotopoulou
Aikaterini Fotopoulou, also known as Katerina Fotopoulou, is a Greek psychologist and cognitive neuroscientist. She is Professor of Psychodynamic Neuroscience in the Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology at University College London.

She is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, past co-chair of its International Convention, and a past President of the Psychology Section of the British Science Association.

British Science Association
The British Science Association (BSA) is a charity and learned society founded in 1831 to aid in the promotion and development of science. Until 2009 it was known as the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BA). The current Chief Executive is Hannah Russell. The BSA's mission is to get more people engaged in the field of science by coordinating, delivering, and overseeing different projects that are suited to achieve these goals. The BSA "envisions a society in which a diverse group of people can learn and apply the sciences in which they learn." and is managed by a professional staff located at their Head Office in the Wellcome Wolfson Building. The BSA offers a wide variety of activities and events that both recognise and encourage people to be involved in science. These include the British Science Festival, British Science Week, the CREST Awards, For Thought, The Ideas Fund, along with regional and local events.
Tricky Dicks
Tricky Dicks is a 1953 short subject directed by Jules White starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Shemp Howard). It is the 147th entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.
Costa Mesa Speedway
Costa Mesa Speedway in Costa Mesa, California, US, is a major motorsports venue credited with the renaissance of motorcycle speedway racing in Southern California. The 185 yards (169 metres) long track hosts both Solo and Sidecar speedway.

Costa Mesa, California
Costa Mesa (/ˌkoʊstə ˈmeɪsə/ KOH-stə MAY-sə; Spanish for 'Mesa Coast') is a city in Orange County, California, United States. Since its incorporation in 1953, the city has grown from a semi-rural farming community of 16,840 to an urban area including part of the South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city, one of the region's largest commercial clusters, with an economy based on retail, commerce, and light manufacturing. The population was 111,918 at the 2020 census.
Neoconocephalus robustus
Neoconocephalus robustus, known generally as the robust conehead or crepitating conehead, is a species of conehead in the family Tettigoniidae. It is found in North America.
The song of this insect has an incredible volume of 116 decibels.
The peak frequency of the song is 8 kilohertz and the sound can be heard from 500 meters away, even in a driving car with closed windows. From a distance, the song has a whining quality but at close range, it becomes painful to listen to.

Copiphorini
The Copiphorini are a tribe of bush crickets or katydids in the family Tettigoniidae. Previously considered a subfamily (the Copiphorinae), they are now placed in the subfamily Conocephalinae. Like some other members of Conocephalinae, they are known as coneheads, grasshopper-like insects with an extended, cone-shaped projection on their heads that juts forward in front of the base of the antennae.
The MANIAC
The MANIAC is a 2023 novel by Chilean author Benjamín Labatut, written in English. It is a fictionalised biography of polymath John von Neumann, whom Labatut calls "the smartest human being of the 20th century". The book focuses on von Neumann, but is also about physicist Paul Ehrenfest, the history of artificial intelligence, and Lee Sedol's Go match against AlphaGo. The book received mostly positive reviews from critics.

Polymath
A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, but some are gifted at explaining abstractly and creatively.

Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectually, artistically, socially, physically, and spiritually.
Eublemma rivula
Eublemma rivula is a species of moth of the family Erebidae first described by Frederic Moore in 1882. It is found in most of southeast Asia, including Hong Kong, India, Japan, the Society Islands, Taiwan and in Australia in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and Queensland.

The larvae mainly feed on Carthamus tinctorius (safflower).

Safflower
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), also false saffron, is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual plant in the family Asteraceae. It is one of the world's oldest crops; today, it is commercially cultivated for vegetable oil extracted from the seeds. Plants are 30 to 150 cm (12 to 59 in) tall with globular flower heads having yellow, orange, or red flowers. Each branch will usually have from one to five flower heads containing 15 to 20 seeds per head. Safflower is native to arid environments having seasonal rain. It grows a deep taproot which enables it to thrive in such environments.
Velar stop
In phonetics and phonology, a velar stop is a type of consonantal sound, made with the back of the tongue in contact with the soft palate (also known as the velum, hence velar), held tightly enough to block the passage of air (hence a stop consonant).  The most common sounds are the stops [k] and [ɡ], as in English cut and gut.  More generally, several kinds are distinguished:

[k], voiceless velar plosive

[ɡ], voiced velar plosive

[ŋ], voiced velar nasal

[ŋ̊], voiceless velar nasal

[kʼ], velar ejective

[ɠ ], voiced velar implosive (rare)

[ɠ̊ ] or [kʼ↓], voiceless velar implosive (unattested in normal words; some English speakers use it to imitate the "glug-glug" sound of liquid being poured from a bottle).

Voiced velar implosive
A voiced velar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɠ ⟩. It is familiar to English speakers as the sound made when mimicking the 'gulping' of water.
Yeshivat Eretz HaTzvi
Yeshivat Eretz Hatzvi (Hebrew: ישיבת ארץ הצבי) is a Modern Orthodox yeshiva, located in the  Givat Mordechai neighborhood of Jerusalem on the Jerusalem College of Technology Campus, Israel. It was founded in 2004.

Rav Yehuda Susman serves as the Rosh Yeshiva. and Mashgiach ruchani emeritus. Rav Benny Pflanzer is the Menahel (Director) of the yeshiva. Rav Todd Berman is the associate director.

Jerusalem College of Technology
The Jerusalem College of Technology - Lev Academic Center (JCT; Hebrew: המרכז האקדמי לב) is a private college in Israel, recognized by the Council for Higher Education, which specializes in providing high-level science and technology education to the Jewish community. More than 2,000 of JCT's 4,700 students are ultra-Orthodox, and the remainder of the students are from diverse segments of Israeli society including Ethiopian-Israelis, national religious and international students.

JCT's main campus  ("Lev") is situated in the Givat Mordechai neighborhood of Jerusalem. Other branches are located in the Givat Shaul neighborhood ("Tal Campus") of Jerusalem and Ramat Gan ("Lustig Campus"). JCT offers bachelor's degrees and master's degrees in several fields of study combined with intensive Jewish studies.
Salvation Fire
Salvation Fire in the Gila National Forest of southwestern New Mexico burned some 26,000 acres (105 km2) from 27 June to 2 July 1974.  It was started by lightning along with some 300 other wildfires, but was one of the last to be contained due to the rugged terrain.

The fire was located some 60 miles north of Silver City and 24 miles east-southeast of Reserve.  In addition to local fire-fighting crews, crews came from as far away as Montana.  In addition several U.S. Army units were dispatched to help contain the blaze.

The fire received its name from the Forest Service, since it originated near Salvation Peak.

Reserve, New Mexico
Reserve is a village in Catron County, New Mexico, United States. The town population was 293 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Catron County. Currently the village has two grocery stores, a hardware store, a bar, fairgrounds, and a health clinic. It is the site where Elfego Baca held off a gang of Texan cowboys who wanted to kill him for arresting cowboy Charles McCarty.
Yuliya Shamshurina
Yuliya Mikhailovna Shamshurina (Russian: Ю́лия Михаловна Шамшу́рина, née Stepanova; born 16 July 1962) is a Soviet cross-country skier who competed from 1982 to 1989, training at VSS Urozhay in Ustinov. She won a silver medal in the 4x5 km at the 1989 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti and had her best individual finish of fourth in the 10 km event at those same championships.

At the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Shamshurina (then known as Yuliya Stepanova), she finished fourth in the 4 × 5 km relay and had her best individual finish of eighth in the 10 km event.

Her lone career victory was in a 10 km event in Switzerland in 1988.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1989
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1989 took place 17–26 February 1989 in Lahti, Finland, for a record fifth time (1926, 1938, 1958, 1978). The women's 5 km was not held after being reintroduced in the previous championships. These championships featured separate races of men's 15 km and women's 10 km both in the classical technique and in the freestyle technique. Additionally, the women's 15 km event debuted and the women's 20 km event was lengthened to 30 km.
Semantic argument
Semantic argument is a type of argument in which one fixes the meaning of a term in order to support their argument. Semantic arguments are commonly used in public, political, academic, legal or religious discourse. Most commonly such semantic modification are being introduced through persuasive definitions, but there are also other ways of modifying meaning (like attribution or classification). There are many subtypes of semantic arguments such as: no true Scotsman arguments, arguments from verbal classification, arguments from definition or arguments to definition.

Douglas N. Walton
Douglas Neil Walton (2 June 1942 – 3 January 2020) was a Canadian academic and author, known for his books and papers on argumentation, logical fallacies and informal logic. He was a Distinguished Research Fellow of the Centre for Research in Reasoning, Argumentation, and Rhetoric (CRRAR) at the University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada, and before that (2008–2014), he held the Assumption Chair of Argumentation Studies at the University of Windsor. Walton's work has been used to better prepare legal arguments and to help develop artificial intelligence.

A special issue of the journal Informal Logic surveyed Walton's contributions to informal logic and argumentation theory up to 2006.
The Shockwave Rider
The Shockwave Rider is a science fiction novel by John Brunner, originally published in 1975. It is notable for its hero's use of computer hacking skills to escape pursuit in a dystopian future, and for the coining of the word "worm" to describe a program that propagates itself through a computer network. It also introduces the concept of a Delphi pool, perhaps derived from the RAND Corporation's Delphi method – a prediction market on world events which bears close resemblance to DARPA's controversial and cancelled Policy Analysis Market.

Policy Analysis Market
The Policy Analysis Market (PAM), part of the FutureMAP project, was a proposed futures exchange developed, beginning in May 2001, by the Information Awareness Office (IAO) of the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and based on an idea first proposed by Net Exchange, a San Diego, California, research firm specializing in the development of online prediction markets.  PAM was shut down in August 2003 after multiple US senators condemned it as an assassination and terrorism market, a characterization criticized in turn by futures-exchange expert Robin Hanson of George Mason University, and several journalists. Since PAM's closure, several private-sector variations on the idea have been launched.
CANT 22
The CANT 22 was a flying boat airliner built in Italy in the 1920s and operated by Società Italiana Servizi Aerei (SISA) on their Adriatic routes. It was a conventional biplane design with unstaggered wings braced by Warren trusses. The three engines were mounted in nacelles carried in the interplane gap. Accommodation for passengers was provided within the hull, but the pilots sat in an open cockpit. Originally designed to carry eight passengers, an engine upgrade on later examples allowed the addition of two more seats.

Stagger (aeronautics)
In aviation, stagger  is the relative horizontal fore-aft positioning of stacked wings in a biplane, triplane, or multiplane.

An aircraft is said to have positive stagger, or simply stagger, when the upper wing is positioned forward of the lower (bottom) wing, Examples include the de Havilland Tiger Moth or Stearman. Conversely, an aeroplane is said to have negative stagger in unusual cases where the upper wing is positioned behind the lower wing, as in the Sopwith Dolphin or Beech Model 17 Staggerwing. An aircraft with the wings positioned directly above each other is said to have unstaggered wings, as in the Sopwith Cuckoo or Vickers Vildebeest.
Feyerick
Feyerick is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Deborah Feyerick, American journalist and CNN correspondent

Ferdinand Feyerick (1865–1920), Belgian Olympic fencer

Jacques Feyerick (1874–1955), Belgian athlete

Robert Feyerick (1892–1940), Belgian Olympic fencer, son of Ferdinand

Robert Feyerick
Robert Feyerick (18 January 1892 – 18 June 1940) was a Belgian fencer. He competed in the individual and team sabre events at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics with the best result of fourth place in the team competition in 1920. His father Ferdinand was also an Olympic fencer.

He was killed in action during World War II.
Naked cuticle 2
Naked cuticle 2 (NKD2) is a human gene that encodes the protein Nkd2, one of the Naked cuticle (Nkd) family of proteins that regulate the Wnt signaling pathway.  Both Nkd1 and Nkd2 proteins can bind to Dishevelled proteins (DVL1, DVL2, DVL3), but only Nkd2 can bind to the EGF-ligand family member TGF alpha and regulate its polarized secretion in cultured epithelial cells.

DVL2
Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DVL2 gene.

This gene encodes a member of the dishevelled (dsh) protein family. The vertebrate dsh proteins have approximately 40% amino acid sequence similarity with Drosophila dsh. This gene encodes a 90-kD protein that undergoes posttranslational phosphorylation to form a 95-kD cytoplasmic protein, which may play a role in the signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple Wnt proteins. The mechanisms of dishevelled function in Wnt signaling are likely to be conserved among metazoans.
Vinos de la Región Vitivinícola de Querétaro
Vinos de la Región Vitivinícola de Querétaro is the geographical indication (Indicación Geográfica Protegida - IGP) that recognizes and protects the wine produced in the region of Querétaro in Mexico (Querétaro IGP). The label was created in March 2025 by the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property, and marked the first time an IGP was attributed to a wine region in Mexico.

The State of Querétaro grows grapes on 600 hectares, producing 300 different wine labels.  The main cities producing wine in the IGP region are:

Tequisquiapan

El Marqués

Ezequiel Montes

San Juan del Río

Colón

Huimilpan

Cadereyta de Montes

Pedro Escobedo

Ezequiel Montes, Querétaro
Ezequiel Montes is a municipality in the Mexican state of Querétaro. Its seat is the town of the same name, founded in 1861 by Julián Velázquez Feregrino. Its original name was Corral Blanco.

The municipality was created in 1940, including the nearby towns of Bernal and Villa Progreso. As such, the municipality contains Saint Michael's temple, which was built from the 16th to the 18th centuries by the indigenous Otomies who lived in Querétaro and Jilotepec de Abasolo.

The main attractions are La Peña de Bernal, Freixenet vineyards and Villa Progreso.