hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Einar Østby
Einar Østby (17 September 1935 – 3 April 2022) was a Norwegian cross-country skier who competed during the early 1960s. He earned a silver in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley and also finished fifth in the 15 km event as well. Østby also won a bronze medal in the 15 km event at the 1962 Nordic skiing World Championships.

Østby was born in Vinger on 17 September 1935. He was also an able long distance runner. His personal best times were 14:46.2 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in July 1959 at Bislett stadion, and 31:01.2 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in August 1962 in Drammen. He represented the club Jaren IL.

Østby died on 3 April 2022, at the age of 86.

Vinger
Vinger is a traditional district in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,677-square-kilometre (647 sq mi) district encompasses the lands that make up Kongsvinger Municipality and Eidskog Municipality. It is generally located to the south and east of the town of Kongsvinger and the river Glomma. The main church for the region historically was Vinger Church. The area was once part of Vinger Municipality and it is also included in the Solør, Vinger og Odal prosti which is a deanery within the Church of Norway. This area was also once part of the jurisdictional area of the Vinger og Odal District Court.
Dwight T. Reed
Dwight Thornton Reed (May 13, 1915 – May 31, 2000) was an American college football player, coach of college football, college basketball, and track, and athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Louisville Municipal College (a separate Negro College of University of Louisville) in Louisville, Kentucky and Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri from 1949 to 1972, compiling a career college football coaching record of 149–84–7. As a college football player, Reed lettered three times at the University of Minnesota and competed on the Gopher's 1935 and 1936 national championship squads.

Lincoln University (Missouri)
Lincoln University (Lincoln U) is a public, historically black, land-grant university in Jefferson City, Missouri. Founded in 1866 by African-American veterans of the American Civil War, it is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. This was the first black university in the state. In the fall 2023, the university enrolled 1,799 students.
Gary Shillabeer
Gary Shillabeer  is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played at club level for Stanley Rangers ARLFC, Huddersfield Giants, Batley Bulldogs (two spells), Hunslet Hawks, and Featherstone Rovers (Herirage № 881), as a second-row.

Hunslet R.L.F.C.
Hunslet R.L.F.C. is a professional rugby league club in Beeston, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at South Leeds Stadium and compete in Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

The club was formed as a Phoenix club after the original Hunslet club folded.
Creatininase
In enzymology, a creatininase (EC 3.5.2.10) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of creatinine to creatine, which can then be metabolised to urea and sarcosine by creatinase.

creatinine + H2O  creatine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are creatinine and H2O, whereas its product is creatine.

Creatininase is a member of the urease-related amidohydrolases, the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is creatinine amidohydrolase. This enzyme is also called creatinine hydrolase.  This enzyme participates in arginine and proline metabolism.

Urease
Ureases (EC 3.5.1.5), functionally, belong to the superfamily of amidohydrolases and phosphotriesterases. Ureases are found in numerous Bacteria, Archaea, fungi, algae, plants, and some invertebrates. Ureases are nickel-containing metalloenzymes of high molecular weight. Ureases are important in degrading avian faecal matter, which is rich in uric acid, the breakdown product of which is urea, which is then degraded by urease as described here.

These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia:

(NH2)2CO + H2O urease→ CO2 + 2NH3

The hydrolysis of urea occurs in two stages. In the first stage, ammonia and carbamic acid are produced. The carbamate spontaneously and rapidly hydrolyzes to ammonia and carbonic acid. Urease activity increases the pH of its environment as ammonia is produced, which is basic.
Ginette Kolinka
Ginette Kolinka (born Ginette Cherkasky; 4 February 1925) is a French Holocaust survivor. When her father and brother were taken away to be killed by poison gas, shortly after the train on which they had been transported arrived at Auschwitz, she was selected for factory work and taken to the women's camp.   Released in May 1945, she remained silent about her war-time experiences for half a century.   Her own explanation for this is that she did not wish to irritate people.   Whatever the truth of that, after her husband died, and soon after the dawn of a new century, she became an energetic "ambassador for the memory" of those times, criss-crossing the country to share her holocaust knowledge with school children and students.   Thanks to the ensuing media exposure, it is no longer only among children and students that, during the first decades of the twenty-first century, she has heightened awareness of the Shoah and its lessons.

Gas chamber
A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing humans or animals with gas, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced. Poisonous agents used include hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. High concentration carbon dioxide is typically used in gas chambers for animals.
Rivière à la Loutre (Témiscamingue)
The rivière à la Loutre (English: Otter River) is a tributary of the upper part of the Ottawa River. Rivière à la Loutre crosses the territory of the municipalities of Fugèreville and Saint-Bruno-de-Guigues, in the regional county municipality (MRC) of Témiscamingue, in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, in Quebec, in Canada.

Ottawa River
The Ottawa River (French: Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi) is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word "to trade", as it was the major trade route of Eastern Canada at the time. For most of its length, it defines the border between these two provinces. It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River and the longest river in Quebec.
Tatiana Troyanos
Tatiana Troyanos (September 12, 1938 – August 21, 1993) was an American mezzo-soprano remembered as "one of the defining singers of her generation". Her voice, "a paradoxical voice — larger than life yet intensely human, brilliant yet warm, lyric yet dramatic" — "was the kind you recognize after one bar, and never forget", wrote Cori Ellison in Opera News.

Troyanos' performances "covered the full range of operatic history" in an international  career of three decades that also produced a variety of operatic recordings, among them Carmen (co-starring Plácido Domingo and conducted by Georg Solti), cited almost four decades later as "the finest of all Carmens." After ten years based at the Hamburg State Opera, Troyanos became widely known for her work with the Metropolitan Opera beginning in 1976, with over 270 performances (several dozen of them broadcast or televised) spanning twenty-two major roles.

Giulio Cesare
Giulio Cesare in Egitto (Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo ˈtʃeːzare in eˈdʒitto, - ˈtʃɛː-]; lit. 'Julius Caesar in Egypt'; HWV 17), commonly known as Giulio Cesare, is a dramma per musica (opera seria) in three acts composed by George Frideric Handel for the Royal Academy of Music in 1724. The libretto was written by Nicola Francesco Haym who used an earlier libretto by Giacomo Francesco Bussani, which had been set to music by Antonio Sartorio (1676). The opera was a success at its first performances, was frequently revived by Handel in his subsequent opera seasons and is now one of the most often performed Baroque operas.

The opera's plot is loosely based on historical events during the Roman Civil War of 49–45 BC.
House of Burnett
The House of Burnett (Burnett, Burnette, Burnard, Bernard) is a Lowland and Border Scottish family composed of several branches. The Chief of the Name and Arms of Burnett is James Comyn Amherst Burnett of Leys.

Battle of Pinkie
The Battle of Pinkie, also known as the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh (/kl(j)ux/), took place on 10 September 1547 on the banks of the River Esk near Musselburgh, Scotland. The last pitched battle between Scotland and England before the Union of the Crowns, it was part of the conflict known as the Rough Wooing. It was a catastrophic defeat for Scotland, where it became known as "Black Saturday". A highly detailed and illustrated English account of the battle and campaign authored by an eyewitness William Patten was published in London as propaganda four months after the battle.
Cerebro
Cerebro (/səˈriːbroʊ/; Spanish for "brain", from Latin cerebrum) is a fictional device appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the device first appeared in X-Men #7 (September 1964). Cerebro is a device used by the X-Men, primarily by their leader, Professor Charles Xavier, to detect and locate humans, particularly mutants. It was originally created by Professor X and Magneto, and later upgraded by Hank McCoy / Beast.

Bastion (comics)
Bastion (Sebastion Gilberti) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by Scott Lobdell and Pascual Ferry, and first made a cameo appearance in X-Men (vol. 2) #52 (May 1996) while his first full appearance was in The Uncanny X-Men #333 (June 1996).
Zenon Klemensiewicz
Zenon Klemensiewicz (1891 in Tarnów – 2 April 1969) was a Polish linguist, specialist in the Polish language, professor of the Jagiellonian University. He fought in World War I and World War II, and took part in the underground education in WWII occupied Poland. He was one of the founders of the Polish Linguistic Society.

He died in the crash of the LOT Polish Airlines Flight 165.

LOT Polish Airlines Flight 165 (1969)
LOT Polish Airlines Flight 165 was an Antonov An-24 aircraft, registration SP-LTF, operating a scheduled passenger flight from Warsaw to Krakow Balice airport. It crashed into a mountain on 2 April 1969 at 16:08 local time (UTC+1) during a snowstorm. All 53 people on board were killed.
Hackenköpfe
The Hackenköpfe are a row of peaks in the western Kaisergebirge range in Austria. Their maximum height is 2,126 metres (6,975 ft). They are located in the ridge running west from the Sonneck between the Treffauer and Scheffauer. To the north their rock faces, up to 800 metres high, drop into the Kaisertal valley; to the south they present steep, craggy rock flanks. They are typically scaled either over the arête from the Sonneck or along the one from the Scheffauer. Both normal routes include sections of UIAA grade II climbs and are not signed or secured. A popular but challenging crossing exists, which is a crossing of the crest running from the Scheffauer to the Sonneck from the base at Scheffau am Wilden Kaiser. This crossing also involves the Hackenköpfe.

International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
The International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation, commonly known by its French name Union internationale des associations d'alpinisme (UIAA; French for 'International Union of Alpine Clubs'), was founded in August 1932 in Chamonix, France when 20 mountaineering associations met for an alpine congress. Count Charles Egmond d'Arcis, from Switzerland, was chosen as the first president and it was decided by the founding members that the UIAA would be an international federation which would be in charge of the "study and solution of all problems regarding mountaineering". The UIAA Safety Label was created in 1960 and was internationally approved in 1965 and currently (2015) has a global presence on five continents with 86 member associations in 62 countries representing over 3 million people.
Ramose
Ramose (Egyptian: rꜥ-ms(.w)) was an ancient Egyptian name, meaning "Ra is born". Variants of the name include Ramesses (Ramessu) and Paramessu; these various spellings could be used to refer to the same person.

Notable bearers of the name include:

Ramose, a son of Ahmose I

Ramose, the father of Senenmut, Hatshepsut's highest state official

Ramose, Amenhotep III's vizier (TT55)

Ramose, a general from Amarna (Tombs of the Nobles (Amarna))

Ramose, a general from the end of the 18th Dynasty, buried at Saqqara

Ramose, a scribe and artisan who lived during the reigns of Ramesses II

Ramose (TT7)
Ramose was an ancient Egyptian scribe and artisan who lived in Deir el-Medina on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes, during the reigns of Ramesses II. He held the position of Scribe of the Tomb, the highest administrative position for a scribe in Deir el-Medina, from around years 5 to 38 of Ramesses II's reign. He was buried in a tomb in the village necropolis.

Ramose created a total of three tombs for himself in the Theban Necropolis, TT7, TT212 and TT250.
Blue-winged laughingthrush
The blue-winged laughingthrush (Trochalopteron squamatum) is a bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Eastern Himalaya, Yunnan, Myanmar and Laos where its natural habitat is the dense undergrowth of subtropical or tropical moist broadleaved evergreen montane forests.

Laughingthrush
The laughingthrushes are a family, Leiothrichidae, of Old World passerine birds. The family contains 143 species and is divided into 17 genera. The species are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.  The entire family used to be included in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae.
1882 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1882 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1882, to elect the Governor of Tennessee. Incumbent Republican Governor Alvin Hawkins lost re-election against Democratic nominee and former member of the Tennessee House of Representatives William B. Bate.

William B. Bate was sworn in as the 23rd Governor of Tennessee on January 15, 1883.

Governor of Tennessee
The governor of Tennessee is the head of government of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor is the only official in the Tennessee state government who is directly elected by the voters of the entire state.

The current governor is Bill Lee, a member of the Republican Party, who took office on January 19, 2019, as the state's 50th governor. He was re-elected to serve a second term in 2022.
Newton Theater
The Newton Theater (now used as a CVS Pharmacy) is located at 3601 12th Street, Northeast, Washington, D.C., in the Brookland neighborhood. The Art Deco building was designed by John Jacob Zink and opened on July 29, 1937. Zink is credited with more than 200 movie theater projects in this region. The first film shown at the Newton Theater was I Met Him in Paris, starring Claudette Colbert and Robert Young.

After the theater closed in the mid-1960s, the Catholic University of America purchased the building and used it until 1971. The Newton Theater resumed screening films in the late 1970s, under the ownership of the Brookland Community Corporation, but that, too, ended in 1979. The theater hosted punk rock concerts throughout 1984, featuring bands like Hüsker Dü, Government Issue, Negative Approach, Void, Iron Cross, 9353, Honor Role, and Malefice. The Newton Theater was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Northeast (Washington, D.C.)
Northeast (NE or N.E.) is the northeastern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. It encompasses the area located north of East Capitol Street and east of North Capitol Street.
Parnassius nomion
Parnassius nomion, the Nomion Apollo, is a forest steppe butterfly which is found in the Urals, Altai, south Siberia, Amur and the Ussuri region, Mongolia, China and Korea. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae).

Populations vary throughout its range and there are very many described subspecies. The adult flies from July to mid-August and the larvae feed on Sedum and Orostachys (Crassulaceae).

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
Internationalist Theatre
Internationalist Theatre is a London theatre company founded by South African Greek actress Angelique Rockas in September 1980. The company was originally named New Internationalist Theatre, with an intention to pursue an internationalist approach in its choice of plays as well as "a multi-racial drama policy, with an even mix of performers drawn from different cultural groups", The Stage, April 1981.

The theatre has received coverage from stage papers around the world. It received charity status in 1986.

Jean Genet
Jean Genet (/ʒəˈneɪ/; French: [ʒɑ̃ ʒənɛ]; (1910-12-19)19 December 1910 – (1986-04-15)15 April 1986) was a French novelist, playwright, poet, essayist, and political activist. In his early life he was a vagabond and petty criminal, but he later became a writer and playwright. His major works include the novels The Thief's Journal and Our Lady of the Flowers and the plays The Balcony, The Maids and The Screens.
Amit Lal
Amit Lal is an American academic, a Robert M. Scharf 1977 Professor of Engineering at the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Cornell University and director of SonicMEMS laboratory.

He served as a Program Manager at DARPA in the Microsystems Technology Office (MTO), from 2005 to 2009. At DARPA he managed ten and started six new programs in the area of navigation, low-energy computation, bio-robotics, and atomic microsystems.

Microsystems Technology Office
The Microsystems Technology Office (MTO) is one of seven current organizational divisions of DARPA, an agency responsible for the development of new technology for the United States Armed Forces. It is sometimes referred to as the Microelectronics Technology Office.

The office focuses on the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), electronics, algorithms, systems architecture, and photonics.
Caloptilia celtidis
Caloptilia celtidis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Shannxi, Sichuan, Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan), Hong Kong and Japan (Kyūshū, Honshū).

The wingspan is 9.2–12 mm. Adults of the autumnal form are on wing in October and November, while the aestival form is on wing in July.

The larvae feed on Celtis jessoensis and Celtis sinensis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Henry Habib
Henri Habib is the distinguished professor emeritus at Concordia University. He established the Political Science Department at Loyola College, and was instrumental in establishing the Global Forum for International Co-operation (GFIC). He is a well-known authority on Middle Eastern politics.

Habib received his bachelor's degree in political science from the American University of Beirut in Beirut, Lebanon; his M.A. from Fordham University; and his Ph.D. from McGill University.

He is of Lebanese Christian descent and is currently in semi-retirement, teaching courses in World History, Middle Eastern politics and international law at Concordia University, McGill University, University of Ottawa and Carleton University. He currently lives in Ottawa. He is also the second cousin of renowned diplomat Philip Habib.

Henry Habib's grandfather was a lieutenant governor for the Ottoman Empire in Jerusalem; he was responsible for Christian and Jewish affairs in Jerusalem.

Loyola College (Montreal)
Loyola College was a Jesuit college in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was founded in 1896 and ceased to exist as an independent institution in 1974 when it was incorporated into Concordia University. A portion of the original college remains as a separate entity called Loyola High School.
Atticus Browne
Atticus Jeremy Browne (born 12 December 1991) is a Vincentian cricketer who has played for the Windward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. He is a left-handed opening batsman.

Browne made his first-class debut for the Windwards in March 2011, in a match against Barbados during the 2010–11 Regional Four Day Competition. He opened the batting with Tyrone Theophile in both innings, scoring 12 runs in the first and 29 in the second. Browne was selected for two more matches during the 2010–11 season, one against the England Lions and one against the Leeward Islands, but had little success in either. He returned to the Windwards team for another three matches during the 2011–12 Regional Four Day Competition, but again had little success.

2011–12 Regional Four Day Competition
The 2011–12 Regional Four Day Competition was the 46th domestic first-class cricket tournament held in the West Indies, it took place from 5 February 2011 – 16 April 2012. Unlike the previous year when the touring England Lions took part in the series, this edition was played between the seven teams based in the Caribbean. The tournament retained the same structure as the previous season; a round–robin that was followed by semi–finals where the top four teams competed.

Jamaica won the tournament for the 12th time and for the fifth time in succession. It is the first time that a team has won five outright titles in a row, previously Barbados had won four in a row plus a shared title from 1975/76 to 1979/80. Jamaica sealed their victory by beating Barbados by 139 runs in the final at Sabina Park; this was preceded by a semi–final win over Guyana and six wins from six games in the initial league stage, which saw them finish top of the table.
2021 Challenger de Santiago III – Doubles
Diego Hidalgo and Nicolás Jarry were the defending champions but only Hidalgo chose to defend his title, partnering Sergio Galdós. Hidalgo lost in the quarterfinals to Hans Hach Verdugo and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela.

Evan King and Max Schnur won the title after defeating Hach Verdugo and Reyes-Varela 3–6, 7–6(7–3), [16–14] in the final.

Hans Hach Verdugo
Hans Hach Verdugo (born 11 November 1989) is a Mexican tennis player.

Hach Verdugo has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 60 achieved on 11 July 2022 and a singles ranking of No. 528 achieved on 20 July 2015. He has won one ATP doubles title at 2021 Los Cabos Open.

Hach Verdugo has represented Mexico at the Davis Cup where he has a W/L record of 3–1.