hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
These Are the Plunderers
These Are the Plunderers: How Private Equity Runs—and Wrecks—America is a book written by Pulitzer Prize-winner journalist Gretchen Morgenson, along with Wall Street expert and Managing director Joshua Rosner, published by Simon & Schuster. The book heavily details the activities of private equity in the United States, and its very apparent toll on the American economy, more specifically corporate restructuring, asset stripping, its influence on employment, public service and institutional stability, with case studies on systemic economic consequences. This book investigates the perceived greed in private equity and its negative effects regarding industries, paychecks, and the lives of everyday people.

Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting
The Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting was presented from 1991 to 2006 for a distinguished example of beat reporting characterized by sustained and knowledgeable coverage of a particular subject or activity.

From 1985 to 1990 it was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Specialized Reporting.

For 2007, the category was dropped in favor of a Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, with the Pulitzer Prize Board noting that "the work of beat reporters remains eligible for entry in a wide range of categories that include—depending on the specialty involved—national, investigative, and explanatory reporting, as well as the new local category."
Overlapping subproblems
In computer science, a problem is said to have overlapping subproblems if the problem can be broken down into subproblems which are reused several times or a recursive algorithm for the problem solves the same subproblem over and over rather than always generating new subproblems.

For example, the problem of computing the Fibonacci sequence exhibits overlapping subproblems.  The problem of computing the nth Fibonacci number F(n), can be broken down into the subproblems of computing F(n − 1) and F(n − 2), and then adding the two.  The subproblem of computing F(n − 1) can itself be broken down into a subproblem that involves computing F(n − 2).  Therefore, the computation of F(n − 2) is reused, and the Fibonacci sequence thus exhibits overlapping subproblems.

A naive recursive approach to such a problem generally fails due to an exponential complexity. If the problem also shares an optimal substructure property, dynamic programming is a good way to work it out.

Recursion
Recursion occurs when the definition of a concept or process depends on a simpler or previous version of itself. Recursion is used in a variety of disciplines ranging from linguistics to logic. The most common application of recursion is in mathematics and computer science, where a function being defined is applied within its own definition. While this apparently defines an infinite number of instances (function values), it is often done in such a way that no infinite loop or infinite chain of references can occur.

A process that exhibits recursion is recursive. Video feedback displays recursive images, as does an infinity mirror.
MS Pride of Free Enterprise
MS Pride of Free Enterprise was a RORO Passenger and Freight ferry operating services between Almeria and Nador on a time-charter basis to the Spanish ferry operator Acciona Trasmediterranea. The ship was formerly called the M/F Oleander (2001–2013), P&OSL Picardy (1999–2001), Pride of Bruges (1987–1999) and Pride of Free Enterprise (1980–1987). She was operated by FerriMaroc and Comarit between 2010 and 2011 and previously owned and operated by TransEuropa Ferries between Ramsgate and Ostend. TransEuropa Ferries owned the ferry between 2001 and 2013 and operated her between 2001 and 2010 before placing her on charter. She was scrapped at Alang in late 2015 under the name Sher.

Nador
Nador (Arabic: الناظور) is a coastal city and provincial capital in the northeastern Rif region of Morocco with a population of about 158,202 (2024 census).
It is the capital of the homonymous Nador Province with more than 600,000 inhabitants.
Nador is considered the second largest city in the Oriental Region after Oujda.
I'm in Marsport Without Hilda
"I'm in Marsport Without Hilda" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. The story first appeared in the November 1957 issue of Venture Science Fiction Magazine, and was reprinted in the collection Nine Tomorrows in 1959, in a bowdlerized version. The complete original version appeared in Asimov's Mysteries (1968). It is a mystery story in a science fiction setting.

Thomas Bowdler
Thomas Bowdler LRCP FRS (/ˈbaʊdlər/; 11 July 1754 – 24 February 1825) was an English physician known for publishing The Family Shakespeare, an expurgated edition of William Shakespeare's plays edited by his sister Henrietta Maria Bowdler. The two sought a version they saw as more appropriate than the original for 19th-century women and children. Bowdler also published works reflecting an interested knowledge of continental Europe. His last work was an expurgation of Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, published posthumously in 1826 under the supervision of his nephew and biographer, Thomas Bowdler the Younger. From his name derives the eponym verb bowdlerise or bowdlerize, meaning to expurgate or to censor something through the omission of elements deemed unsuited to children in literature and films and on television.
Chambang
Chambang is an administrative and revenue block of  Kra Daadi district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. Also it is one of the administrative sub-unit comprising the 18-Palin assembly constituency.

The Circle Officer of Chambang circle (Equivalent SDM in other states in India) is the head of block administration and is assisted by various officers of development and work departments.

Legislative assembly
Legislative assembly is the name given in some countries to either a legislature, or to one of its houses.

The name is used by a number of countries, including member-states of the Commonwealth of Nations and other countries.  It is also used by their sub-national divisions, such as the Indian states and union territories, Australian states and Canadian provinces.
Richard E. Korf
Richard Earl Korf is an American computer scientist whose research in artificial intelligence has focused on heuristic search methods, including the invention of iterative deepening depth-first search and iterative deepening A*, often using puzzles as test cases for his algorithms. In 1997, he wrote the first computer program that could optimally solve the Rubik's Cube puzzle. He is a professor emeritus of computer science at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

Heuristic (computer science)
In mathematical optimization and computer science, heuristic (from Greek εὑρίσκω eurísko "I find, discover") is a technique designed for problem solving more quickly when classic methods are too slow for finding an exact or approximate solution, or when classic methods fail to find any exact solution in a search space.  This is achieved by trading optimality, completeness, accuracy, or precision for speed.  In a way, it can be considered a shortcut.

A heuristic function, also simply called a heuristic, is a function that ranks alternatives in search algorithms at each branching step based on available information to decide which branch to follow. For example, it may approximate the exact solution.
Arbor Low
Arbor Low is a well-preserved Neolithic henge in the Derbyshire Peak District, England. It lies on a Carboniferous Limestone plateau known as the White Peak area. The monument consists of a stone circle surrounded by earthworks and a ditch.

Earthworks (archaeology)
In archaeology, earthworks are artificial changes in land level, typically made from piles of artificially placed or sculpted rocks and soil. Earthworks can themselves be archaeological features, or they can show features beneath the surface.
Norbeck School
Norbeck School, also known as the Norbeck Recreation Center, was built in 1927 as a Rosenwald School for the African American community of Mt. Pleasant in Montgomery County, Maryland. The 2,107 square-foot, two-room school was built with assistance from the Rosenwald fund, established by philanthropist Julius Rosenwald.

After the integration of public schools, the school was converted into a recreation center, and the surrounding land was acquired for M-NCPPC's Norbeck-Muncaster Mill Neighborhood Park.   Norbeck School is a historic site, designated on the Montgomery County Master Plan for Historic Preservation.

Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.
Ceren Sözeri
Ceren Sözeri Özdal, is a Turkish academic. She has been working as an associate professor in the Department of Communications of Galatasaray University since 2004. Her fields of work are ownership of the media, media policies, and discrimination in media, hate speech, freedom of speech and the press in Turkey. She has been Ethical Journalism Network's Turkey representative since 2015. She also writes as a columnist for Evrensel.

She was sued for an article she wrote in which she criticised Sabah-ATV group and Anadolu Agency for publishing "fake news" during 2019 Istanbul Mayoral Elections. EVP of Turkuvaz Media Group, Serhat Albayrak, requested ₺200,000 to be paid for "damaging their commercial standing".

Galatasaray University
Galatasaray University (Turkish: Galatasaray Üniversitesi, French: Université Galatasaray) is a public university established in Istanbul, Turkey in 1992, following an agreement signed in the presence of President François Mitterrand of France and President Turgut Özal of Turkey during a ceremony at Galatasaray High School, the mother school of the university. Turkey's Ambassador to France, Coşkun Kırca, was instrumental in facilitating the agreement.

Galatasaray University is a member of the Galatasaray Community, alongside Galatasaray High School and Galatasaray Sports Club, and is recognized as a prominent institution in Turkey. Galatasaray University is located at Ortaköy within the borough of Beşiktaş, a populous central district on the European side of Istanbul. The building that accommodates  Galatasaray University was originally the Feriye Palace, a coastal summer palace on the Bosphorus built in 1871.
Gorgon Painter
The Gorgon Painter was one of the early Attic black-figure vase painters. He was active between 600 and 580 BC. His name vase, Dinos of the Gorgon Painter, is currently on display in the Louvre and depicts Perseus fleeing the Gorgons.

The Gorgon Painter is considered as a very productive successor of the Nessos Painter. Additionally, in accordance with other Geometric style artists, he arranged his subjects in symmetric patterns. Characteristic of his paintings are flat representations of humans or gods and animals painted in sections around the pottery. Rather than filling blank spaces with geometric patterns, the Gorgon Painter uses the Animal style; depicting real and fantastical animals in friezes around the vases which is considered to be a Corinthian tradition.

The better recorded artist Sophilos is said to be influenced by the Gorgon Painter, continuing work in the black-figure style and zoomorphic decoration.

Geometric art
Geometric art is a phase of Greek art, characterized largely by geometric motifs in vase painting, that flourished towards the end of the Greek Dark Ages and a little later, c. 900–700 BC. Its center was in Athens, and from there the style spread among the trading cities of the Aegean. The so-called Greek Dark Ages were considered to last from c. 1100 to 800 BC and include the phases from the Protogeometric period to the Middle Geometric I period, which Knodell (2021) calls Prehistoric Iron Age. The vases had various uses or purposes within Greek society, including, but not limited to, funerary vases and symposium vases.
2011 Albanian opposition demonstrations
Anti-government protests took place in 2011 in cities across Albania following 18 months of political conflict over alleged electoral fraud by the opposition. A video surfaced which portrayed the deputy prime minister arranging a corrupt deal with the minister of economy. The public outcry over the video resulted in the resignation of the deputy prime minister, Ilir Meta. A demonstration was called by parliamentary opposition parties, which include the Socialist Party and the Unity for Human Rights Party. These were called on 21 January in order to protest the alleged corruption of the Albanian government as well as widespread unemployment and poverty in the country.

On 21 January, a protest in Tirana led to the killings of three demonstrators by the Republican Guard during a rally in front of Prime Minister Sali Berisha office. A fourth person died several days later in a hospital in Ankara, Turkey.

Freedom Party of Albania
The Freedom Party (Albanian: Partia e Lirisë, PL), formerly known as the Socialist Movement for Integration (Albanian: Lëvizja Socialiste për Integrim, LSI), is a social democratic political party in Albania. The party was formed on 6 September 2004, when Ilir Meta defected from the Socialist Party of Albania (PS). A proposal to change its logo, name and other symbols was unanimously approved at the party's National Convention (Congress) on 25 July 2022. The party is seen as more socially conservative than the Socialist Party of Albania.

Through the use of the term "movement", the party attempted to give the message that it is open and inclusive. The other reason for using this term was its intention to differentiate itself from the other parties. It was the first Albanian political party to employ the one member, one vote system in March 2005 to elect its leader, Ilir Meta.
Peter Fadrique
Peter (I) Fadrique (died between 1350 and 1355), Count of Salona, was the eldest son of Alfonso Fadrique, vicar general of Athens and Neopatras, and Marulla of Verona.

As the Papacy supported the claims of Walter VI of Brienne on the Duchy of Athens, Peter (along with his father and his brother James) was among the Catalan leaders excommunicated on 29 December 1335 by William Frangipani, Latin Archbishop of Patras. Alfonso died in about 1338, and Peter succeeded his father in the County of Salona, the baronies of Loidoriki, Veteranitsa, Aegina, and perhaps Zetouni.

His possessions were confiscated by the Crown of Aragon sometime between 1350 and Peter's death, which occurred before 1355. The reason for the confiscation is unknown, but after Peter's death, his fiefs were restored to his younger brother James, as had been stipulated by Alfonso in his will. Another brother, John, appears as lord of Aegina (and nearby Salamis) already in 1350.

Walter VI, Count of Brienne
Walter VI of Brienne (c. 1304 – 19 September 1356) was a French nobleman and crusader. He was the count of Brienne in France, the count of Conversano and Lecce in southern Italy and claimant to the Duchy of Athens in Frankish Greece.
Mineral bonded wood wool board
Mineral bonded wood wool boards (WW boards) are building boards made of wood wool fibres, water and the binding agents cement, caustic magnesia and gypsum. Mineral bound wood wool boards are used in a wide range of applications, e.g., thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, indoor decoration, etc.

Historical brand names include Ceban, Erulit, Fibrolith, Frankotekt, Hapec, Hapri, Heraklith, Hincolith, Holwolith, Klimalit, Lenzolite, Lignolith, Lossius and Saalith. Because of the term wool, laypersons sometimes mistake wood wool boards with wood fibre insulating boards, a different insulation material that does not contain mineral bindings.

In German speaking areas, because of their surface also known as sauerkraut plates.

Magnesium oxide
Magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide). It has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg2+ ions and O2− ions held together by ionic bonding. Magnesium hydroxide forms in the presence of water (MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2), but it can be reversed by heating it to remove moisture.

Magnesium oxide was historically known as magnesia alba (literally, the white mineral from Magnesia), to differentiate it from magnesia nigra, a black mineral containing what is now known as manganese.
Indicators of spatial association
Indicators of spatial association are statistics that evaluate the existence of clusters in the spatial arrangement of a given variable. For instance, if we are studying cancer rates among census tracts in a given city local clusters in the rates mean that there are areas that have higher or lower rates than is to be expected by chance alone; that is, the values occurring are above or below those of a random distribution in space.

Census tract
A census tract, census area, census district, or meshblock is a geographic region defined for the purpose of taking a census. Sometimes these coincide with the limits of cities, towns or other administrative areas and several tracts commonly exist within a county. In unincorporated areas of the United States these are often arbitrary, except for coinciding with political lines.

Census tracts represent the smallest territorial entity for which population data are available in many countries. In the United States, census tracts are subdivided into block groups and census blocks. In Canada, they are divided into dissemination areas. In the U.S., census tracts are "designed to be relatively homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions" and "average about 4,000 inhabitants".
Frederic Dufaux
Frederic Dufaux is an electrical engineer with Telecom ParisTech in Paris, France. Dufaux was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2016 for his contributions to visual information processing and coding.

Dufaux serves as an Editor-in-Chief of the Signal Processing: Image Communication and is a member of the Technical Directions Board of the French National Center for Scientific Research.

Télécom Paris
Télécom Paris is an engineering grande école located in Palaiseau, France. It is a member of the Polytechnic Institute of Paris and the Institut Mines-Télécom. In 2021, it was the sixth highest ranked French university in THE World University Rankings, and the 7th best small university worldwide.
In the QS Ranking, Télécom Paris is the 64th best university worldwide in engineering.

In 1991, Télécom Paris and the EPFL established a school named EURECOM located in Sophia-Antipolis. Students can be admitted either in Palaiseau or in Sophia-Antipolis.
Sam Slade (politician)
Samuel Slade is a Canadian politician. He was elected to the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly in a by-election on November 26, 2013 and sworn in on December 11, 2013. He represented the electoral district of Carbonear-Harbour Grace as a member of the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador from 2013 until 2015. In 2015, Slade lost the Liberal nomination in Carbonear - Trinity - Bay de Verde to MHA Steve Crocker.

Prior to his election to the legislature, Slade was the mayor of Carbonear from 2005 to 2013. He ran for mayor again in 2017 but lost to Frank Butt. In 2021, Slade ran for councillor in Carbonear. He was elected and was sworn in as deputy mayor.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Lake Rândunica
Lake Rândunica (Romanian: Lacul Rândunica, also called Lacul Sf. Ioan) is a natural salt lake in the town of Ocna Sibiului, Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is one of the many lakes of the Ocna Sibiului mine, a large salt mine which has one of the largest salt reserves in Romania.

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
CDC Cyber
The CDC Cyber range of mainframe-class supercomputers were the primary products of Control Data Corporation (CDC) during the 1970s and 1980s. In their day, they were the computer architecture of choice for scientific and mathematically intensive computing. They were used for modeling fluid flow, material science stress analysis, electrochemical machining analysis, probabilistic analysis, energy and academic computing, radiation shielding modeling, and other applications. The lineup also included the Cyber 18 and Cyber 1000 minicomputers. Like their predecessor, the CDC 6600, they were unusual in using the ones' complement binary representation.

Mainframe computer
A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe, maxicomputer, or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing. A mainframe computer is large but not as large as a supercomputer and has more processing power than some other classes of computers, such as minicomputers, workstations, and personal computers. Most large-scale computer-system architectures were established in the 1960s, but they continue to evolve. Mainframe computers are often used as servers.

The term mainframe was derived from the large cabinet, called a main frame, that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers. Later, the term mainframe was used to distinguish high-end commercial computers from less powerful machines.