hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Jacobson
Joseph Jacobson (born June 28, 1965 in Newton, Massachusetts), is a tenured professor and head of the Molecular Machines group at the Center for Bits and Atoms at the MIT Media Lab, and is one of the inventors of microencapsulated electrophoretic display (known as E Ink) commonly used in electronic devices such as e-readers.  He is the founder of several companies including E Ink Corporation, Gen9, Inc., and Kovio, and serves on the scientific board of several more companies (such as Epitome Biosystems).

E-reader
An e-reader, also called an e reader or e device, is a mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books and periodicals.

Any device that can display text on a screen may act as an e-reader; however, specialized e-reader devices may optimize portability, readability, and battery life for this purpose. Their main advantage over printed books is portability: an e-reader is capable of storing thousands of books while weighing less than a single one. Another advantage is the convenience provided by add-on features.
Raccoon of Kherson
The raccoon of Kherson (Ukrainian: єнот з Херсона, romanized: yenot z Khersona) is a raccoon that was stolen from the city of Kherson in November 2022 by Russian zookeeper Oleg Zubkov.  The theft occurred during the Russian retreat from Kherson during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, with Zubkov stating that he took the raccoon, along with several other animals, from Kherson to his safari park in Crimea to protect them from the war. The animal became a subject of satirical memes in Ukraine while in Russia it became a reported source of morale and tool in pro-Russian propaganda, receiving the call name Kherson in Russian media.

Military call sign
Military call signs are call signs (or callsigns) or a specialized form of nicknames assigned as unique identifiers to military communications. In wartime, monitoring an adversary's communications can be a valuable form of intelligence. Consistent call signs can aid in this monitoring, so in wartime, military units often employ tactical call signs and sometimes change them at regular intervals. In peacetime, some military stations will use fixed call signs in the international series.
Chaleh Chaleh, Ilam
Chaleh Chaleh (Persian: چاله چاله, also Romanized as Chāleh Chāleh) is a village in Zardalan Rural District, Helilan District, Chardavol County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 99, in 19 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
James Oruwori
James Aye Oruwori is the Anglican Bishop of Ogbia in Niger Delta Province  of the Church of Nigeria.

Oruwori was Bishop of Ogbia at the first synod of the Diocese at St. Stephen's Anglican Church, Otuoke, Ogbia in 2012, at which President Goodluck Jonathan spoke, and at the Provincial Bishops' Missionary conference held in the Anglican Diocese of Lagos West in 2008.

Goodluck Jonathan
Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan Listenⓘ GCFR GCON (born 20 November 1957) is a Nigerian politician who served as the president of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015. He lost the 2015 presidential election to former military head of state General Muhammadu Buhari and was the first incumbent president in Nigerian history to lose re-election.

Previously, Jonathan served as the vice president of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010 under the administration of Umaru Musa Yar'Adua; and in oil-rich Bayelsa State as governor from 2005 to 2007, and deputy governor from 1999 to 2005. In 2015, Jonathan became the first Nigerian president to concede election defeat. It allowed the transfer of power to the opposition party in Africa's biggest democracy—a country that had hitherto experienced vote-rigging and violence.
Hideo Noda
Hideo Noda (野田 英夫, Noda Hideo; July 15, 1908 – January 12, 1939), also known as Hideo Benjamin Noda and Benjamin Hideo Noda, was a Japanese-American modernist painter and muralist, member of the Shinseisakuha movement in Japan, student of Arnold Blanch, and uncle of Japanese printmaker Tetsuya Noda, as well as alleged communist spy recruited by Whittaker Chambers.

Meyer Schapiro
Meyer Schapiro (23 September 1904 – 3 March 1996) was a Lithuanian-born American art historian who developed new art historical methodologies that incorporated an interdisciplinary approach to the study of works. An expert on early Christian, Medieval and modern art, he explored periods and movements with an eye toward their works' social, political and material constructions.

Credited with fundamentally changing the course of the art historical discipline, Schapiro's scholarly approach was dynamic and it engaged other scholars, philosophers and artists. An active professor, lecturer, student, writer and humanist, he maintained a long professional association with Columbia University in New York.
New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme
The New Zealand Antarctic Research Programme (NZARP) was a research programme that operated a permanent research facility in Antarctica from 1959 to 1996. It was created by the Geophysics Division of New Zealand's Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), originally based in Wellington. The programme promoted research in geochemistry, zoology, geology, botany, meteorology, and limnology.

Geochemistry
Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans.: 1  The realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth, encompassing the entire Solar System, and has made important contributions to the understanding of a number of processes including mantle convection, the formation of planets and the origins of granite and basalt.: 1  It is an integrated field of chemistry and geology.
Dante Tiñga
Dante Osorio Tiñga (born May 11, 1939) is a Filipino politician and jurist who has served as the acting chairman of the Development Bank of the Philippines from 2022 to 2024. He served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 2003 to 2009.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
Reissita
Reissita simonyi, the Arabian burnet moth, is a species of diurnal moth of the Zygaenidae family. It is the only species from the genus Reissita, and native to the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. It resembles some species from the related genus Zygaena, and like them Reissita simonyi is toxic because it is able to biosynthesize hydrogen cyanide. The larvae feed on Maytenus, specifically M. dhofarensis and M. senegalensis.

It has two subspecies:

R. s. simonyi at altitudes of 400–2,900 metres (1,300–9,500 ft) in Oman and eastern Yemen. Blackish with a bluish sheen and red spots.

R. s. yemenicola at altitudes of 350–900 metres (1,150–2,950 ft) in western Yemen and southwestern Saudi Arabia. Smaller than previous, and blackish with a greenish-blue sheen and red spots, or all red (some males only).

Gymnosporia dhofarensis
Gymnosporia dhofarensis is a species of plant in the family Celastraceae and is found in Oman and Yemen. It is an intricately branched spiny shrub or small tree with its leaves arranged alternately or clustered on short shoots. The flowers have white or cream petals and the fruit are purple or red.  It is threatened by habitat loss.
Pine Tree of Seowon-ri, Boeun
In Seowon-ri, Boeun County, North Chungcheong Province, South Korea, there is an ancient Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora). On April 30, 1988, it was designated Natural Monument of South Korea No. 352. The tree is famously known by its nickname Jeongbuinsong (정부인송; 貞夫人松), which translates to "Government Wife Pine" or "Lady Minister Pine," due to its folkloric status as the wife of the nearby Jeongipumsong (Natural Monument No. 103), a tree famously granted a ministerial rank by King Sejo of Joseon dynasty.

Sejo of Joseon
Sejo (Korean: 세조; Hanja: 世祖; 7 November 1417 – 23 September 1468), personal name Yi Yu (이유; 李瑈), sometimes known as Grand Prince Suyang (수양대군; 首陽大君), was the seventh monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of Sejong the Great and the uncle of King Danjong, against whom he led a coup d'état in 1453. After seizing power he killed rivals, including his brother, Grand Prince Anpyeong. During his reign, he strengthened the monarchy, reformed administration, suppressed rebellions, and led campaigns against the Jurchens. He revised land laws, promoted literature, and established court music. His Grand Code for State Administration became Joseon's foundational legal framework.
Natsuko Tanihara
Natsuko Tanihara (谷原菜摘子)(born 1989) was born in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. She completed her BFA and graduate studies in oil painting at the Kyoto City University of Arts. From 2017 to 2018, she received a grant from the former Gotoh Memorial Foundation and stayed in Paris, France. After returning to Japan, she went back to school for her PhD in Fine Arts. She is the recipient of numerous domestic awards and continues her production based in the Kansai region. She works in various mediums but is known for her signature works using velvet as a support and her use of decorative materials such as glitter, sequin and rhinestones.

Yōga
Yōga (洋画; literally "Western-style painting") is a style of artistic painting in Japan, typically of Japanese subjects, themes, or landscapes, but using Western (European) artistic conventions, techniques, and materials.  The term was coined in the Meiji period (1868–1912) to distinguish Western-influenced artwork from indigenous, or more traditional Japanese paintings, or Nihonga (日本画).
Cadelling (south Wales)
The dynasty of the Cadelling, also known as the House of Deheubarth or the House of Dinefwr after its seat in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, was a medieval Welsh dynasty founded at the turn of the tenth century and primarily associated with the Kingdom of Dyfed and later Deheubarth. It was named for its founder, Cadell ap Rhodri, a son of Rhodri Mawr of Gwynedd who conquered south-west Wales around 900 AD.

Many members of this family were influential in Welsh history, such as Hywel Dda, who allegedly codified Welsh law under his rule, and achieved the important title of King of the Britons, or Lord Rhys, Prince of Wales, who rebelled against Richard the Lionheart, and became one of the most powerful Welsh leaders of the Middle Ages.

Cardigan Castle
Cardigan Castle (Welsh: Castell Aberteifi) is a castle overlooking the River Teifi in Cardigan, Ceredigion, Wales. It is a Grade I listed building. The castle dates from the late 11th-century, though was rebuilt in 1244. Castle Green House was built inside the castle walls in the early 1800s. After falling into disrepair the castle was restored in the early 2000s and opened to the public in 2015. It is owned by Ceredigion County Council and now includes a heritage centre and open-air concert facilities. The castle's gardens are listed on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.
Erie (provincial electoral district)
Erie was an electoral riding in the Niagara region of Ontario, Canada. It existed from 1975 to 1987, when it was abolished when the riding was redistributed to Niagara South. It consisted of the federal electoral district of the same name. It was only represented by Liberal Ray Haggerty.

Erie (electoral district)
Erie was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1997. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1976 from parts of Lincoln and Welland ridings.

It initially consisted of the Townships of Wainfleet and West Lincoln, the City of Port Colborne and the Towns of Fort Erie and Pelham.

In 1987, it was redefined to include the part of the City of Welland lying south of a line drawn from west to east along the Welland River, east along Broadway Avenue, north along Regional Road No. 68, east along Ontario Road, and east in a straight line to Ridge Road.

The electoral district was abolished in 1996 when it was redistributed between Erie—Lincoln, Niagara Centre and Niagara Falls ridings.
Bhai Maharaj Singh
Bhai Maharaj Singh (disputed – 5 July 1856) was a prominent Sikh saint-soldier (sant-sipahi) turned revolutionary anti-colonial resistance fighter of the early British colonial establishment in Punjab. He is also remembered as the first Sikh in Singapore on record, having been exiled there as punishment in the latter part of his life. Bhai Maharaj Singh succeeded Baba Bir Singh (Naurangabad) of Bhai Daya Singh Samparda.

Bir Singh of Naurangabad
Bir Singh of Naurangabad (1768–1844) was a prominent Sikh religious figure of the first half of the 19th century. He was the disciple of Baba Sahib Singh of Una, a descendant of Guru Nanak. Bir Singh was a military officer who served Maharaja Ranjit Singh, particularly in his early Kashmiri and Multani campaigns.
Age of the Sturlungs
The Age of the Sturlungs or the Sturlung Era (Icelandic: Sturlungaöld [ˈstʏ(r)tluŋkaˌœlt]) was a 42-/44-year period of violent internal strife in mid-13th-century Iceland. It is documented in the Sturlunga saga. This period is marked by the conflicts of local chieftains, goðar, who amassed followers and fought wars, and is named for the Sturlungs, the most powerful family clan in Iceland at the time. The era led to the signing of the Old Covenant, which brought Iceland under the Norwegian crown.

Clan
A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship
and descent. Even if lineage details are unknown, a clan may claim other descent from a founding member or apical ancestor who serves as a symbol of the clan's unity. Many societies' exogamy rules are on a clan basis, where all members of one's own clan, or the clans of both parents or even grandparents, are excluded from marriage as incest.

Clans preceded more centralized forms of community organization and government, and have existed in every country. Members may identify with a coat of arms or other symbol.
Crataegus mollis
Crataegus mollis, known as downy hawthorn or red hawthorn, is a species of plant that occurs in eastern North America from southeastern North Dakota east to Nova Scotia and southwest to eastern Texas. The range of this species is from southern Ontario and Michigan to eastern North Dakota and southward to Denison, Texas, and Arizona. This tree inhabits wooded bottomlands, the prairie border, and the midwest savanna understorey.

Denison, Texas
Denison is a city in Grayson County, Texas, United States, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the Texas–Oklahoma border. Its population was 24,479 at the 2020 census, up from 22,682 at the 2010 census. Denison is part of the Texoma region and is one of two principal cities in the Sherman–Denison metropolitan statistical area. It is the birthplace of 34th U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower.
López Museum and Library
The López Museum and Library, also known as simply the Lopez Museum, is a Philippine art and history museum and library. It previously was located in Pasig, Philippines at the ground floor of the Benpres Building, Exchange Road corner Meralco Avenue, Ortigas Center.

Filipiniana
Filipiniana, based on the definition by Isagani Medina from "Collection Building: Filipiniana", in his In Developing Special Library Collections, Filipiniana: Proceedings (November 1992), are Philippine-related books and non-book materials (such as figurines, games, fashion and culture).  The materials may be produced inside or outside the Philippines by Filipino or non-Filipino authors.  The product could be literature written in any of the languages and dialects in the Philippines or a foreign language.
Vladimir, Gorj
Vladimir is a commune in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania, with a population of 2,793. It is composed of four villages: Andreești, Frasin, Valea Deșului, and Vladimir. Tudor Vladimirescu, the Romanian revolutionary hero and the leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821 was born in the Vladimir village and the house where he was born is now a museum.

Gorj County
Gorj County (Romanian pronunciation: [ɡorʒ] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Oltenia, with its capital city at Târgu Jiu. Gorj comes from the Slavic Gornji Jiu (“upper Jiu”), in contrast with Dolnji (“lower Jiu”).
Sundowner winds
A sundowner is a northerly offshore wind in California along the southern Pacific slope of Santa Ynez Mountains, in communities along the Gaviota Coast and Santa Barbara towards but not including Ventura County.

Ventura County, California
Ventura County (/vɛnˈtʊərə/ ⓘ) is a county located in the southern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 843,843. The largest city is Oxnard, California, and the county seat is the city of Ventura, California.

Ventura County comprises the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Greater Los Angeles area (Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area). It is also considered the southernmost county along the California Central Coast.

Two of the Channel Islands are part of the county: Anacapa Island, which is the most visited island in Channel Islands National Park, and San Nicolas Island.
Warning: Parental Advisory
Warning: Parental Advisory is a 2002 American comedy-drama television film directed by Mark Waters and written by Jay Martel. The film follows the story of Dee Snider, John Denver, and Frank Zappa, testifying before Congress against lyrics labeling laws.

The film focuses on the formation of the Parents Music Resource Center and its impact on music during 1985. It stars Jason Priestley, Mariel Hemingway as Tipper Gore, Griffin Dunne as Zappa, and Snider as himself. The introductory speech that Snider gave in the film before testifying is the same speech he gave in 1985.

Jason Priestley
Jason Bradford Priestley (born August 28, 1969) is a Canadian-American actor and television director. Priestley starred as virtuous Brandon Walsh on the television series Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–1998, 2000). His other television roles include Richard "Fitz" Fitzpatrick in the show Call Me Fitz (2010–2013) and Matt Shade in the Canadian series Private Eyes (2016–2021).
Paula B. Stanic
Paula B. Stanic (also known as Paula Bardowell Stanic) is a British playwright and the winner of the 2008 Alfred Fagon Award for the best new play by a Black playwright of African or Caribbean descent living in the United Kingdom. Her play Monday was short-listed for the 2009 John Whiting Award. She has been a writer-in-residence at the Royal Court Theatre and Soho Theatre (2012-13), and a writer on attachment at the National Theatre Studio.

She grew up in Manor Park, East London. Her parents are from Jamaica, and her husband is from Serbia.

East London
East London is the part of London, England, east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames as it begins to widen. East London developed as London's docklands and the primary industrial centre. The expansion of railways in the 19th century encouraged the eastward expansion of the East End of London and a proliferation of new suburbs. The industrial lands of East London are today an area of regeneration, which are well advanced in places such as Canary Wharf and ongoing elsewhere.
Heartfield (surname)
Heartfield is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

James Heartfield (born 1961), British journalist

John Heartfield (1891–1961), German photographer

Simon Heartfield (born 1962), British musician

Thad Heartfield (1940–2022), United States judge

John Heartfield
John Heartfield (born Helmut Herzfeld; 19 June 1891 – 26 April 1968) was a German visual artist who pioneered the use of art as a political weapon. Some of his most famous photomontages were anti-Nazi and anti-fascist statements. Heartfield also created book jackets for book authors, such as Upton Sinclair, as well as stage sets for contemporary playwrights, such as Bertolt Brecht and Erwin Piscator.
Shatunovo
Shatunovo (Russian: Шатуново) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Shatunovsky Selsoviet, Zalesovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 836 as of 2013. There are 16 streets.

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Mississippi Highway 510
Mississippi Highway 510 (MS 510) is a state highway in eastern Mississippi. The route starts at MS 145 near Shubuta and travels eastward. The road turns southward near Matherville, and the route ends southeast of the unincorporated area. The road was constructed around 1957, and majority of the road was paved by 1967. A portion of the route east of Matherville was removed from the state highway system in 1999.

Matherville, Mississippi
Matherville is an unincorporated community located in Wayne County, Mississippi, United States. Matherville is located in the northeast corner of Wayne County, just to the west of the state of Alabama. The elevation of Matherville is 289 feet (88 m).
Kevin M. Esvelt
Kevin Michael Esvelt is an American biologist. He is currently an associate professor at the MIT Media Lab and leads the Sculpting Evolution group. After receiving a B.A. in chemistry and biology from Harvey Mudd College, he completed his PhD work at Harvard University as a Hertz Fellow. Esvelt developed phage assisted continuous evolution (PACE) during his PhD as a graduate student in David R. Liu's laboratory. As a Wyss Technology Fellow, Esvelt was involved with the development of gene drive technology. He focuses on the bioethics and biosafety of gene drives. In 2016, Esvelt was named an Innovator Under 35 by MIT Technology Review.

Harvey Mudd College
Harvey Mudd College (HMC) is a private liberal arts college in Claremont, California, focused on science and engineering. It is part of the Claremont Colleges, which share adjoining campus grounds and resources. The college enrolled 913 undergraduate students as of 2025 and awards the Bachelor of Science degree.

The college was funded by the friends and family of Harvey Seeley Mudd, one of the initial investors in the Cyprus Mines Corporation. Although involved in the planning of the new institution, Mudd died before it opened in 1955. The campus was designed by Edward Durell Stone in a New Formalist style.