hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Open access in Canada
In Canada the Institutes of Health Research effected a policy of open access in 2008, which in 2015 expanded to include the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. The Public Knowledge Project began in 1998 at University of British Columbia. Notable Canadian advocates for open access include Leslie Chan, Jean-Claude Guédon, Stevan Harnad, Heather Morrison, and John Willinsky.

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC; French: Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada, CRSH; often colloquially pronounced 'shirk', /ʃɜːrk/) is a Canadian federal research-funding agency that promotes and supports post-secondary research and training in the humanities and social sciences.

In 2019-2020, SSHRC funded 24,000 researchers and 5000 research trainees in 51 programs. Staff numbers were reported as 333 in the same period. Ted Hewitt is the current President. SSHRC's provided CA$684 million for funding and $453 million institutional support for the fiscal year 2023-2024 and the number of employees (FTE) was 258.

Along with the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), SSHRC forms the major source of federal government funding to post-secondary research. They are collectively referred to as the "Tri-Council" or "Tri-Agency.
Muhammad Tauseef Ahmed
Muhammad Tauseef Ahmed (2 April 1992 – 27 February 2017) was a Pakistani footballer who played as a midfielder. Tauseef earned one international cap with Pakistan. Tauseef also represented Pakistan under-23 at the 2010 Asian Games, the 2012 Summer Olympics qualifiers and in test series against Palestine, where he scored a goal.

Pakistan Football Federation
The Pakistan Football Federation (PFF) is the national governing body of association football in Pakistan. It is a member of FIFA, the international governing body of football, and affiliated to the Asian Football Confederation and South Asian Football Federation. The federation was founded in 1947; it also manages the futsal and beach soccer national teams.
Linowno
Linowno [liˈnɔvnɔ] (German: Woltersdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drawsko Pomorskie, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Drawsko Pomorskie and 88 km (55 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Drawsko Pomorskie
Drawsko Pomorskie [ˈdrafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] (until 1948 Polish: Drawsko; German: Dramburg) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Drawsko County and the urban-rural commune of Gmina Drawsko Pomorskie. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 11,292. It is home to the Drawsko Training Ground, one of the largest training areas in Poland.
Alone (1935 song)
Alone is a popular musical number, first performed by Allan Jones and Kitty Carlisle in the 1935 Marx Brothers film A Night at the Opera.

The lyrics were written by Arthur Freed, with music by Nacio Herb Brown.

Popular versions in 1936 were by the Tommy Dorsey orchestra (vocal by Cliff Weston), Hal Kemp, and by Al Donahue (vocal by Harry McKinley).

Tommy Dorsey
Thomas Francis Dorsey Jr. (November 19, 1905 – November 26, 1956) was an American jazz trombonist, composer, conductor and bandleader of the big band era. He was known as the "Sentimental Gentleman of Swing" because of his smooth-toned trombone playing. His theme song was "I'm Getting Sentimental Over You". His technical skill on the trombone gave him renown among other musicians. He was the younger brother of bandleader Jimmy Dorsey. After Dorsey broke with his brother in the mid-1930s, he led an extremely successful band from the late 1930s into the 1950s. He is best remembered for standards such as "Opus One", "This Love of Mine" (no. 3 in 1941) featuring Frank Sinatra on vocals, "Song of India", "Marie", "On Treasure Island", and his biggest hit single, "I'll Never Smile Again" (no. 1 for 12 weeks in 1940).
Rome (department)
Rome (French: [ʁɔm]) was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Italy. Its capital was Rome. It was formed on 17 May 1809, when most of the Papal States were annexed by France, and was first known as Tibre (after the Tiber river) before being renamed on 17 February 1810. Following the conquest of the Eternal City, Napoleon granted to his son  Napoleon II the title of the King of Rome.

The department was disbanded after the defeat of Napoleon in 1814. At the Congress of Vienna, the Papal States were restored to Pius VII. Its territory corresponds approximately to the modern Italian region of Lazio.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Krajnčica
Krajnčica (pronounced [ˈkɾaːi̯ntʃitsa]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills above the left bank of the Voglajna River southwest of the town of Šentjur. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

Voglajna
The Voglajna (pronounced [ʋɔˈɡlaːi̯na]) is a river in Styria, Slovenia. The river is 35 kilometres (22 mi) long (including its source river, the Ločnica), and its catchment area is 412 km2 (159 sq mi). Its source is Lake Slivnica (Slovene: Slivniško jezero) near Slivnica pri Celju. It passes Šentjur, the ruins of Rifnik Castle, and Štore, and then merges with the Savinja River in Celje.
South Canberra
South Canberra, or the Inner South, is a subdivision of Canberra Central in the Australian Capital Territory in Australia.

South Canberra is separated from North Canberra by Lake Burley Griffin. The two subdivisions combined form the district of Canberra Central and share Civic as their central commercial area.

It is one of the oldest parts of Canberra and is built in part in accordance with Walter Burley Griffin's designs.

According to the 2021 census, South Canberra's population was 31,592.

Walter Burley Griffin
Walter Burley Griffin (November 24, 1876 – February 11, 1937) was an American architect and landscape architect. He designed Canberra, Australia's capital city,  the New South Wales towns of Griffith and Leeton, and (with his wife) the Sydney suburb of Castlecrag.

Influenced by the Chicago-based Prairie School, Griffin developed a unique modern style in partnership with his wife Marion Mahony Griffin. In 28 years they designed over 350 buildings, landscape and urban-design projects as well as designing construction materials, interiors, furniture and other household items.
Jorge Espat
Jorge Luis Espat (born September 10, 1959) is a Belizean academic and politician. Espat is a former member People's United Party area representative in the Belize House of Representatives. He served on the faculty of St. John's College in Belize City as an instructor and later as president.

People's United Party
The People's United Party (Spanish: Partido Unido del Pueblo, PUP) is one of two major political parties in Belize. It is currently the governing party of Belize after success in the 2025 Belizean general election, winning a majority of 26 seats out of 31 in the Belizean House of Representatives. It is a centre-left Christian democratic party. The party leader is Johnny Briceño, who currently serves as the Prime Minister of Belize.
Yerupajá
Yerupajá is a mountain of the Huayhuash mountain range in west central Peru, part of the Andes. It is located at Áncash, Bolognesi Province, Lauricocha Province. At 6,635 metres (21,768 ft) (other sources: 6,617 m (21,709 ft)) it is the second-highest in Peru and the highest in the Huayhuash mountain range. The summit is the highest point in the Amazon River watershed, and was first reached in 1950 by Jim Maxwell and Dave Harrah, and its northern peak (Yerupajá Norte) in 1968 by the Wellingtonian Roger Bates and Graeme Dingle. Many visitors consider Yerupajá to be the most spectacular peak in South America.

There have been only a few successful ascents of Yerupajá because it is one of the hardest Andean high peaks to climb. The most popular route is the southwest face. The approach is normally made from Huaraz southwards via Chiquián and Jahuacocha.

Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) is the relative height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak (if any) is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
Rationalist–constructivist debate
The rationalist–constructivist debate is an ontological debate within international relations theory between rationalism and constructivism. In a 1998 article, Christian Reus-Smit and Richard Price suggested that the rationalist–constructivist debate was, or was about to become, the most significant in the discipline of international relations theory. The debate can be seen as to be centered on preference formation, with rationalist theories (such as neorealism) characterising changes in terms of shifts in capabilities, whereas constructivists focus on preference formation.

Christian Reus-Smit
Christian Reus-Smit (born 8 August 1961) is Professor of International Relations (IR) at the University of Melbourne, Australia. He is an internationally renowned scholar in the field of IR. Reus-Smit's research focuses on the institutional nature and evolution of international orders, and he has published on widely on issues of international relations theory, international law, multilateralism, human rights, American power, and most recently, cultural diversity and international order. He is long-time editor (with Nicholas Wheeler and Evelyn Goh) of the Cambridge Studies in International Relations book series, and was a Founding Editor with Duncan Snidal and Alexander Wendt of the leading journal International Theory. His publications have been awarded many prizes, including the Susan Strange Best Book Prize (2014), the BISA Best Article Prize (2002), and the Northedge Prize (1992).  In 2013-14 Professor Reus-Smit served as a Vice-President of the International Studies Association.
Victor Villanueva
Victor Villanueva (born 1948) is an American academic and scholar in rhetoric and composition studies, serving the role of Regents Professor Emeritus at Washington State University. Villanueva was awarded NCTE's David Russell Award for Distinguished Research in the Teaching of English for his groundbreaking book Bootstraps, From an American Academic of Color. In 2009, Villanueva was the recipient of the Conference on College Composition and Communication Exemplar's Award. Villanueva has written and edited a number of significant works on the topic of race, rhetoric, basic writing, and the social and political contexts of literacy education.

Basic writing
Basic writing, or developmental writing, is a subdiscipline of composition studies which focuses on the writing of students sometimes otherwise called "remedial" or "underprepared", usually freshman college students.
Ailsa Lister
Ailsa Lister (born 8 April 2004) is a Scottish cricketer. In October 2020, Lister was named in Scotland's squad to play Ireland at the La Manga Club during their tour of Spain. However, the matches were called off due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2021, Lister was again named in Scotland's squad to face Ireland, this time for a four-match Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) series in Belfast. She made her WT20I debut on 24 May 2021, for Scotland against Ireland.

In January 2022, she was named in Scotland's team for the 2022 Commonwealth Games Cricket Qualifier tournament in Malaysia. In March 2024, it was announced that she had signed a professional contract with North West Thunder.

In September 2024, she was named in the Scotland squad for the 2024 ICC Women's T20 World Cup.

Lister was part of the Scotland squad for the 2025 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier in Pakistan in April 2025.

North West Thunder
North West Thunder, commonly referred to as Thunder, were a women's cricket team that represented Lancashire and North West England, one of eight regional hubs in English domestic women's cricket. They played their home matches at various grounds, including Old Trafford Cricket Ground. They were captained by Eleanor Threlkeld and coached by Chris Read. The team carried over many elements of the WCSL team Lancashire Thunder, but were partnered with Lancashire, Cheshire and Cumbria.

At the end of the 2024 season, following reforms to the structure of women's domestic cricket, the team was effectively replaced by a professionalised Lancashire team.
Logan Oxenham
Logan Jax Oxenham is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 2023 Manitoba general election. He represents the district of Kirkfield Park as a member of the Manitoba New Democratic Party.

He previously ran in the district in the 2022 by-election, losing narrowly to Kevin Klein.

He is Canada's first transgender politician elected to either a provincial, territorial or federal elected office. Fellow New Democrat Uzoma Asagwara, elected in 2019, is non-binary and preceded him as the first non-cisgender MLA in Manitoba.

Prior to being elected, he was a juvenile correctional officer and counsellor at the Manitoba Youth Centre.

New Democratic Party of Manitoba
The New Democratic Party of Manitoba (Manitoba NDP; French: Nouveau Parti démocratique du Manitoba), branded as Manitoba's NDP, is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is the provincial section of the federal New Democratic Party, and is a successor to the Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. It is currently the governing party in Manitoba.
Popular Demand
Popular Demand is the second solo album by Black Milk, a rapper and hip hop producer from Detroit, Michigan. It was released on March 13, 2007, which may be a reference to Detroit's area code, 313. The album features guest appearances from numerous Detroit-based artists, including Slum Village's current members T3 and Elzhi and former member Baatin as well as many of Slum Village's close affiliates, most notably Guilty Simpson, Phat Kat, Que D, and One Be Lo (of Binary Star). As of July 3, 2009, Popular Demand has sold  10,679 units according to Soundscan.

Binary Star (hip-hop group)
Binary Star is a hip-hop project by rapper One Be Lo (also known as OneManArmy), and was formerly a duo with rapper Senim Silla. The pair met in high school and formed the group in 1998 during their time in Hiawatha Correctional Facility.
Death of Mouhcine Fikri
Mouhcine Fikri (Arabic: محسن فكري, Tamazight  ⵎⵓⵃⵙⵉⵏ ⴼⵉⴽⵔⵉ 'muḥsin fikrī') was a Moroccan fish vendor from Al Hoceima. On October 28, 2016, a police officer confiscated 500 kg of swordfish that he had purchased from Al Hoceima port. When Fikri climbed into the back of a rubbish truck to retrieve the confiscated fish, worth over $11,000, the rubbish crusher mechanism was activated, crushing him to death. A witness is said to have heard the police officers involved order the crusher to be activated, leading to the man's death. Video footage of his death was widely played on social media in Morocco. Outrage led to protests in Al Hoceima, that spread across Morocco, known as Hirak Rif. Fikri's death drew parallels with the suicide of Mohamed Bouazizi, the Tunisian fruit seller whose death in 2010 sparked protests in Tunisia, leading both to revolution there and to the wider Arab Spring.

Al Hoceima
Al Hoceima (Arabic: الحسيمة, romanized: al-Ḥusayma) is a city in the north of Morocco, on the northern edge of the Rif Mountains and on the Mediterranean coast. It is the capital city of the Al Hoceima Province. The city is a known tourist destination despite its small size. It has a population of about 50,225 (2024 census).

Al Hoceima is distinguished by its pristine sandy beaches such as Cala Iris, Bades, Quemado, and Tala Youssef, as well as its mountainous rocky terrain.
Hlíðarendi
Hlíðarendi (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈl̥iːðarˌɛntɪ]) is a famous place in Icelandic historical literature. Hlíðarendi in Old Icelandic (Old Norse) means 'Slope's End'. Gunnar Hámundarson the Viking hero from Njals Saga (Brennunjálssaga in Icelandic and Njal's Saga in English) used to live in Hlíðarendi at Fljótshlíð, and in later times there were traditional Icelandic turf covered farm houses (now gone), and a church and churchground which is still there.

Fljótshlíð
Fljótshlíð (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈfljoutsˌl̥iːθ]) is a rural area in the municipality of Rangárþing eystra in Southern Region, Iceland. Before the formation of Rangárþing eystra in 2002, Fljótshlíð was its own municipality called  Fljótshlíðarhreppur. Fljót (genitive case: fljóts) means "river", and hlíð means "slope".
Fljótshlíð lies to the east of Hvolsvöllur and north of the Markarfljót river. Gunnar Hámundarson lived in the area in the 10th century. Other notable inhabitants include Tómas Sæmundsson, editor of Fjölnir, artist Nína Sæmundsson and poet Þorsteinn Erlingsson.

Fljótshlíð was evacuated as a result of the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull.

Fljótshlíð is also where the band Retro Stefson shot a video for the 'Inspired by Iceland' concert series.
AMD K6
The K6 microprocessor was launched by AMD in 1997. The main advantage of this particular microprocessor is that it was designed to fit into existing desktop designs for Pentium-branded CPUs. It was marketed as a product that could perform as well as its Intel Pentium II equivalent but at a significantly lower price. The K6 had a considerable impact on the PC market and presented Intel with serious competition.

Front-side bus
The front-side bus (FSB) is a computer communication interface (bus) that was often used in Intel-chip-based computers during the 1990s and 2000s.  The EV6 bus served the same function for competing AMD CPUs. Both typically carry data between the central processing unit (CPU) and a memory controller hub, known as the northbridge.

Depending on the implementation, some computers may also have a back-side bus that connects the CPU to the cache. This bus and the cache connected to it are faster than accessing the system memory (or RAM) via the front-side bus. The speed of the front side bus is often used as an important measure of the performance of a computer.

The original front-side bus architecture was replaced by HyperTransport, Intel QuickPath Interconnect, and Direct Media Interface, followed by Intel Ultra Path Interconnect and AMD's Infinity Fabric.
Bacterial kidney disease
Bacterial kidney disease (BKD, also known as white boil disease) is a systemic infection caused by the bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum. The disease affects populations of wild salmonid. BKD was originally discovered in the Scottish rivers of Dee and Spey in 1933.

River Spey
The River Spey (Scottish Gaelic: Uisge Spè) is a river in the northeast of Scotland. At 107 mi (172 km) it is the ninth longest river in the United Kingdom and the third longest and fastest-flowing river in Scotland.  It is an important location for the traditions of salmon fishing and whisky production in Scotland.
Oberti
Oberti is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Oberti (1945–2009), American artist, sculptor, teacher, lecturer, and mentor

Giuliano Oberti (1901–?), Italian sailor

Jacques Oberti (born 1960), French politician

Massimo Oberti (1901–?), Italian sailor

Paolo Oberti (died 1567), Roman Catholic prelate

Massimo Oberti
Massimo Oberti (22 June 1901 – 6 January 1972) was an Italian sailor. He competed at the mixed 6 metres at the 1928 and 1936 Summer Olympics, as well as the mixed 5.5. metres at the 1956 Summer Olympics. His twin brother was Giuliano Oberti.
Thudufushi
Thudufushi (sometimes spelled Thundufushi), formerly one of the uninhabited islands of Alif Dhaal Atoll (South Ari Atoll), Maldives, was developed into a 70 room 5 star resort called Diamonds Thudufushi Beach and Water Villas in 1990. It is managed by Planhotel Hospitality Group. Some of the best diving points in the Maldives are located in the Ari Atoll.

Alif Dhaalu Atoll
Alifu Dhaalu Atoll (also known as Southern Ari Atoll or Ari Atholhu Dhekunuburi) is an administrative division of the Maldives.

The separation of Ari Atoll (formerly Alifu Atoll) on March 1, 1984, into a Northern and a Southern section formed the two most recent administrative divisions of the Maldives, namely Alifu Alifu Atoll  and Alifu Dhaalu Atoll. Alifu Dhaalu Atoll lies south of the line between the channels of Himendhoo Dhekunukandu and Genburugau Kandu.

There is an ancient mosque in Fenfushi island having wooden decorated ceilings and lacquerwork panels.

Buddhist remains, including a stupa, have been found in Ariadhoo Island.

Whale sharks are year-round residents of Alif Dhaal Atoll.
Rhyd-y-gors
51°50′50″N 4°19′08″W﻿ / ﻿51.847288°N 4.318808°W﻿ / 51.847288; -4.318808

The name Rhyd-y-gors or Rhydygors has been associated with two historic sites near the market town of Carmarthen in Southwest Wales.  The first was the Norman Rhyd-y-gors Castle and the other was Rhyd-y-gors Mansion, home of the Edwardes family.

Abergwili
Abergwili (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village and community in Carmarthenshire, Wales, near the confluence of the rivers Towy and Gwili, close to the town of Carmarthen. It is also an electoral ward. Named after the village of Abergwili, the community includes the settlements of Peniel, Llanfihangel-uwch-Gwili and White Mill. The grounds of the former Bishop's Palace are listed on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.
Age disparity in sexual relationships
In sexual relationships, concepts of age disparity, including what defines an age disparity, have developed over time and vary among societies. Differences in age preferences for mates can stem from partner availability, gender roles, and evolutionary mating strategies, and age preferences in sexual partners may vary cross-culturally. There are also social theories for age differences in relationships as well as suggested reasons for "alternative" age-hypogamous relationships (see more at Hypergamy). Age-disparate relationships have been documented for most of recorded history and have been regarded with a wide range of attitudes dependent on sociocultural norms and legal systems.

Social theory
Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena. A tool used by social scientists, social theories relate to historical debates over the validity and reliability of different methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), the primacy of either structure or agency, as well as the relationship between contingency and necessity. Social theory in an informal nature, or authorship based outside of academic social and political science, may be referred to as "social criticism" or "social commentary", or "cultural criticism" and may be associated both with formal cultural and literary scholarship, as well as other non-academic or journalistic forms of writing.