hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American goshawk
The American goshawk (Astur atricapillus) is a species of raptor in the family Accipitridae. It was first described by Alexander Wilson in 1812. The American goshawk was previously considered conspecific with the Eurasian goshawk but was assigned to a separate species in 2023 based on differences in morphology, vocalizations, and genetic divergence. It was formerly placed in the genus Accipiter. It is mainly resident, but birds from colder regions migrate south for the winter. In North America, migratory goshawks are often seen migrating south along mountain ridge tops at nearly any time of the fall depending on latitude.

Accipiter
Accipiter (/ækˈsɪpɪtər/) is a genus  of birds of prey in the family Accipitridae. Some species are called sparrowhawks, but there are many sparrowhawks in other genera such as Tachyspiza.

These birds are slender with short, broad, rounded wings and a long tail which helps them maneuver in flight. They have long legs and long, sharp talons used to kill their prey, and a sharp, hooked bill used in feeding. Females tend to be larger than males. They often ambush their prey, mainly small birds and mammals, capturing them after a short chase. The typical flight pattern is a series of flaps followed by a short glide. They are commonly found in wooded or shrubby areas.

The genus Accipiter was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. The type species is the Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus).  The name is Latin for "hawk", from accipere, "to grasp".
Bamaga Road
The Bamaga and Telegraph Roads link the Peninsula Developmental Road (PDR), at a junction 117 km (73 mi) north of Coen, with Airport Road in Bamaga, Queensland to the North. The southern part of the road, between PDR junction and Bramwell Junction (114 km (71 mi)), is named Telegraph Road. The northern part of the road between Bramwell Junction and Bamaga (217 km (135 mi)) is named Bamaga Road. The Bamaga and Telegraph Roads are also referred to as the Northern Peninsula Road.

Bamaga
Bamaga (English: /ˈbæməɡə/ BAM-ə-gə, Kala Lagaw Ya: [ˈbamaɡa]) is an Indigenous town and locality about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the northern tip of Cape York in the north of Queensland, Australia. It is within the Northern Peninsula Area Region. It is one of the northernmost settlements in continental Australia and is the administrative centre for the Northern Peninsula Area Regional Council.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Bamaga had a population of 1,186 people.
Angel Kyodo williams
angel Kyodo williams (born December 2, 1969) is an American writer, activist, ordained Zen priest and the author of Being Black: Zen and the Art of Living with Fearlessness and Grace, published by Viking Press in 2000, and the co-author of Radical Dharma: Talking Race, Love, and Liberation, published by North Atlantic Books. Called "the most vocal and most intriguing African-American Buddhist in America" by Library Journal, williams is the Spiritual Director of the meditation-based newDharma Community and founder of the Center for Transformative Change in Berkeley, California and is also credited with developing fearlessMeditation, fearlessYoga and Warrior Spirit Training. As of October 2013, she is the world's 2nd female Zen teacher of African descent. Her given Buddhist name, Kyodo, means "Way of Teaching."

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Nová Ves nad Žitavou
Nová Ves nad Žitavou (Hungarian: Zsitvaújfalu) is a village and municipality in the Nitra District in western central Slovakia, in the Nitra Region. The village lies at an elevation of 164 metres (538 ft) and covers an area of 10.173 km2 (3.928 sq mi). It has a population of about 1,270 people, with a distribution of approximately 99% Slovak and 1% Magyar. It was first mentioned in historical records in 1355. Since 1925 the village has a football club.

The village has a public library, a gym and a football pitch.

Gym
A gym, short for gymnasium (pl.: gymnasiums or gymnasia), is an indoor venue for exercise and sports. The word is derived from the ancient Greek term "gymnasion". They are commonly found in athletic and fitness centres, and as activity and learning spaces in educational institutions. "Gym" is also the commonly used name for a "fitness centre" or health club, which is often an area for indoor recreation. A "gym" may include or describe adjacent open air areas as well. In Western countries, "gyms" often describe places with indoor or outdoor courts for basketball, hockey, tennis, boxing or wrestling, and with equipment and machines used for physical development training, or to do exercises. In many European countries, Gymnasium (and variations of the word) also can describe a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university, with or without the presence of athletic courts, fields, or equipment.
Science, Technology and Society
Science, Technology & Society is a peer-reviewed journal. It provides a forum for discussion on how the advances in science and technology influence society and vice versa. It is published three times a year by SAGE Publications.

Science Technology & Society has been honoured with the Charles et Monique Moraze Award by Fondation Maison Des Sciences De l'homme.

This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Committee on Publication Ethics
The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) is a nonprofit organization whose stated mission is to define best practice in the ethics of scholarly publishing and to assist editors and publishers to achieve this.
Pope Michael IV of Alexandria
Pope Michael IV of Alexandria, also known as Khail IV, 68th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark.

He was initially a monk at the Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great in Scetes. He later went to a place near Singar, where he lived in a cave for more than 20 years. On 12 Paopi, 809 A.M. (9 October 1092 AD), he was ordained Pope of Alexandria. He was known for his love of the poor and needy, and for spending the church money on paying the Jizya for those Copts who could not afford to pay it, so that they could keep their Christianity.

The Arabic historian al-Makin is quoted by later historians as recounting that Pope Michael IV made a journey to Ethiopia to ask that country's Emperor to allow the Nile to flood to its normal levels, which would end the current famine. Trimingham dismisses this as only a legend.

Michael IV departed on 30 Pashons, 818 A.M. (25 May 1102 AD) He remained on the Throne of Saint Mark for 9 years, 7 months, and 17 days.

Wadi El Natrun
Wadi El Natrun (Arabic: وادي النطرون, lit. 'Valley of Natron'; Coptic: Ϣⲓϩⲏⲧ, romanized: Šihēt, lit. 'measure of the heart') is a depression in northern Egypt that is located 23 m (75 ft) below sea level and 38 m (125 ft) below the Nile River level. The valley contains several alkaline lakes, natron-rich salt deposits, salt marshes and freshwater marshes.

In Christian literature it is usually known as Scetis (Σκήτις  in Hellenistic Greek) or  Skete (Σκήτη, plural Σκήτες in ecclesiastical Greek). 
It is one of the three early Christian monastic centers located in the Nitrian Desert of the northwestern Nile Delta. The other two monastic centers are Nitria and Kellia. Scetis, now called Wadi El Natrun, is best known today because its ancient monasteries remain in use, unlike Nitria and Kellia which have only archaeological remains. The desertified valley around Scetis in particular may be called the Desert of Scetis.
Shamordino Convent
The Convent of St. Ambrose and Our Lady of Kazan (Казанская Амвросиевская ставропигиальная женская пустынь) is a stauropegial Russian Orthodox convent in the village of Shamordino, Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Seryona River, 12 km (7.5 mi) from Optina Monastery.

The convent was founded near the village of Shamordino in 1884 by Sofia Bolotova, a local noblewoman, with the blessing of Saint Ambrose of Optina. The monastery's churches were designed by Sergey Sherwood and Roman Klein in a peculiar brick version of the Russian Revival. By 1918, some 800 women lived in the convent and its sketes, making it one of the largest monastic establishments in Central Russia. In 1910, after leaving Yasnaya Polyana, Leo Tolstoy planned to go to Shamordino, where his sister Maria was living as a nun. The convent was shut down by the Soviets from 1923 until 1990.

Russian Revival architecture
The Russian Revival style comprises a number of different movements within Russian architecture that arose in the second quarter of the 19th century and was an eclectic melding of Byzantine elements (Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire) and pre-Petrine (Old Russian) architecture.

Russian Revival architecture arose within a framework of renewed interest in national architectures which occurred in Europe during the 19th century, and it is an interpretation and stylization of the Russian architectural heritage. Sometimes, Russian Revival architecture is often erroneously called Russian or Old-Russian architecture, but the majority of Revival architects did not directly reproduce the old architectural tradition. Being instead a skilful stylization, the Russian Revival style was consecutively combined with other international styles, from the architectural romanticism of first half of the 19th century to the style moderne.
Kulmerland (ship)
Kulmerland was a Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) cargo liner that was launched in 1928. She worked HAPAG's route between Hamburg and the Far East until 1939. In the Second World War she was a supply ship for German auxiliary cruisers in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. In 1942 she became a successful blockade runner to German-occupied Europe. An Allied air raid on German-occupied France in 1943 put her out of action. German forces sank her as a blockship in 1944. She was raised in 1945 after the Liberation of France, and scrapped in 1950.

This was the first of two HAPAG ships named after Kulmerland in West Prussia, which is now Chełmno Land in Poland. The second Kulmerland was a motor ship that was completed in 1961, and sold and renamed in 1971.

Cargo liner
A cargo liner, also known as a passenger-cargo ship or passenger-cargoman, is a type of merchant ship which carries general cargo and often passengers.

They became common just after the middle of the 19th century, and eventually gave way to container ships and other more specialized carriers in the latter half of the 20th century.
Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University
Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University (岐阜聖徳学園大学, Gifu Shōtoku Gakuen Daigaku) is a private university in the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

Named after the 7th-century Prince Shōtoku, the school was founded in 1972 as the Gifu College of Education (聖徳学園岐阜教育大学, Shōtoku Gakuen Gifu Kyōiku Daigaku) and adopted the present name in 1998. 
Its name is sometimes abbreviated to Shōtoku (聖徳) or Gishōdai (岐聖大).

It has main campuses in both Gifu and nearby Hashima, as well as a junior college campus in Gifu.

Hashima, Gifu
Hashima (羽島市, Hashima-shi) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 1 January 2019, the city had an estimated population of 67,909 in 26,327 households, and a population density of 1300 persons per km2, in 26,367 households. The total area of the city is 53.66 square kilometres (20.72 sq mi).
Colleen Mayer
Colleen Mayer is a former Canadian politician and member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, who represented the electoral district of St. Vital as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba from 2016 until 2019. St. Vital was an open seat in the 2016 Manitoba general election, with incumbent MLA Nancy Allan not seeking re-election.

On August 1, 2018, Premier Brian Pallister appointed Mayer to the Executive Council of Manitoba as Minister of Crown Services.

Mayer lost her seat in the 2019 election to New Democrat Jamie Moses, who contested the seat in 2016. She subsequently accepted a position with STARS Air Ambulance as the Director of Development for Manitoba.

In December of 2025, Mayer was nominated to lead the Winnipeg Police Board.

New Democratic Party of Manitoba
The New Democratic Party of Manitoba (Manitoba NDP; French: Nouveau Parti démocratique du Manitoba), branded as Manitoba's NDP, is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is the provincial section of the federal New Democratic Party, and is a successor to the Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. It is currently the governing party in Manitoba.
Sellur K. Raju
Sellur K. Raju  is an Indian politician and incumbent Member of the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly for the Madurai West constituency since 2011. He represents the AIADMK party. This was his first election and he won by securing 59 percentage of vote in Madurai west Constituency. He was the minister for Co-operation, which includes Co-operation, Statistics and Ex-service welfare.

Madurai West Assembly constituency
Madurai West is a legislative assembly constituency in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Elections and winners from this constituency are listed below.
Louie Mack
Louie Mack (November 28, 1923 – February 17, 2006) was an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1985 to 1993. Mack was first elected to the house in 1984, defeating incumbent representative David Van Horn for renomination. He did not seek reelection in 1992.

He died in February 2006 at age 82.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
Hunter Wessells
Hunter Buchanan Wessells (born c. 1963) is an American urologist.

Hunter Buchanan Wessells was born to Henry W. Wessells III and his wife Nancy Hunter Wessells. The family was related to Henry W. Wessells, and lived in Paoli, Pennsylvania. Hunter Buchanan Wessells earned his undergraduate and medical degrees from Georgetown University, and at the time of his marriage to Bokgi Choi in 1995, was an assistant professor of urology at the University of Arizona Health Science Center, where Choi also taught.

Wessells holds the Nelson Chair of Urology at the University of Washington. In 2021, the American Association of Genitourinary Surgeons awarded him the Barringer Medal.

Henry W. Wessells
Henry Walton Wessells (February 20, 1809 – January 12, 1889) was an American brigadier general, best known for his service during the American Civil War, including his surrender of Union fortifications during the Battle of Plymouth in 1864.
Jonnybone J Kurum
Jonnybone J Kurum is a Malaysian politician who has served as Assistant Minister of Industry, Entrepreneurship and Transport of Sabah in the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) state administration under Chief Minister Hajiji Noor and Minister Ewon Benedick since December 2025 and Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Telupid since September 2020. He is a member of the United Sabah Party (PBS) a component party of the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) coalition.

United Sabah Party
The United Sabah Party (Malay: Parti Bersatu Sabah; abbrev: PBS), formerly the United Sabah Movement (Malay: Gerakan Sabah Bersatu), is a political party of Sabah. The PBS was founded by Joseph Pairin Kitingan in 1985 and it is Sabah's oldest local party. PBS is also the one of eight major component parties that formed the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS), a Sabah-based official political coalition since 2022.

Since 2022, the PBS acts as an allied partner, providing confidence and supply to the ruling federal Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition as part of GRS. PBS is a major component of the Sabah-based Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) state governing alliance since 2022.
RWB Adria
RWB Adria (full name: Red White and Blue Adria, Croatian: Crven, bijeli, plavi Jadran) is an American soccer club from Chicago, Illinois. The club currently competes in the Midwest Premier League as well as the National Soccer League of Chicago.

National Amateur Cup
The National Amateur Cup, also known as the USASA Amateur Cup, is an American knockout soccer competition open to all amateur teams affiliated with the United States Soccer Federation through United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA). The National Amateur Cup began in 1923 in response to the number of teams applying to play in the National Challenge Cup. The winner of the men's National Amateur Cup tournament is awarded the Fritz Marth Cup and an entry into the U.S. Open Cup.
Thomas Meikle
Thomas Meikle (4 December 1861 – 8 February 1939), born in Scotland, was a businessman and pioneer in Southern Rhodesia, the African country now known as Zimbabwe.

He travelled to Durban, Natal (in present-day South Africa), in December 1869 with his parents, his brothers John and Stewart and his sister Jeannie. He worked initially as a transport rider, then as a gold prospector, finally settling as a trader in Mashonaland. In 1894 he set up stores in Bulawayo and Gwelo (present-day Gweru) with his brother John, who pulled out of the venture two years later. He took over his brother Stewart's original idea to set up a chain of hotels, which culminated in the present day Meikles Hotel in Salisbury, today Harare.

He died at Hillside, Bulawayo on 8 February 1939 after a long illness, and was survived by his widow and four daughters.

Gold prospecting
Gold prospecting is the act of searching for new gold deposits.  Methods used vary with the type of deposit sought and the resources of the prospector.  Although traditionally a commercial activity, in some developed countries placer gold prospecting has also become a popular outdoor recreation. Gold prospecting has been popular since antiquity. From the earliest textual and archaeological references, gold prospecting was a common thread for gaining wealth.
Lyalya Nasukhanova
Lyalya Andarbekovna Nasukhanova (Russian: Ляля Андарбековна Насуханова, Chechen: Насуханова Ляля Ӏандарбекан йоӀ; 1939 – 2000) was a parachutist, aviator, flight instructor, and the first Chechen woman to become a pilot. Throughout her career she won many flight competitions, completed over 100 parachute jumps, gained well over 2,500 flight hours on Yakovlev and MiG jets, and trained more than 200 novice pilots. After dedicating 23 years of her life to aviation she entered politics before her death as a refugee during the First Chechen War.

Chechen language
Chechen (Нохчийн, Noxçiyn, [ˈnɔxt͡ʃĩː]) is a Northeast Caucasian language, spoken primarily by the Chechen people, native to the Russian republic of Chechnya, as well as its neighbouring republics. With approximately 1.8 million speakers, it is also spoken by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia and the rest of the world.
Butte County Railroad
The Butte County Railroad was a 31.5-mile (50.7 km) class II railroad that ran from a connection with the Southern Pacific Railroad at Chico, California to the Diamond Match Company lumber mill at Stirling City.  The railroad operated from 1903–1915 and then became the Southern Pacific's Stirling City Branch. From 1915 until abandonment in the 1970s the line was operated as the Southern Pacific's Stirling City Branch. The Chico and Northern Railroad was a non-operating subsidiary holding company of the Southern Pacific Railroad that was created to acquire a 32.31 mile line from Chico – Stirling City from the Butte County Railroad. Upon acquiring the line, Chico & Northern immediately leased the line back to the Butte County Railroad. The Chico & Northern was dissolved into Southern Pacific in 1912 and never operated any of the line.

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
Szewce-Walentyna
Szewce-Walentyna [ˈʂɛft͡sɛ valɛnˈtɨna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bedlno, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Bedlno, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Kutno, and 46 km (29 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Kutno County
Kutno County (Polish: powiat kutnowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kutno, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Żychlin, lying 18 km (11 mi) east of Kutno, and Krośniewice, 14 km (9 mi) west of Kutno.

The county covers an area of 886.29 square kilometres (342.2 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 104,124, out of which the population of Kutno was 47,557, that of Żychlin is 8,880, that of Krośniewice was 4,647, and the rural population was 43,040.
Ilyás (short story)
"Ilyás" ("Ильяс", 1885, sometimes translated as "Elias") is a short story by Leo Tolstoy written in 1885.  It is the story of the farmer, Ilyas, who grew up successful but loses his fortune through mistake, in the end only finding peace without having property.

Marxists Internet Archive
Marxists Internet Archive, also known as MIA or Marxists.org, is a non-profit online encyclopedia that hosts a multilingual library (created in 1990) of the works of communist, anarchist, and socialist writers, such as Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Rosa Luxemburg, Mikhail Bakunin, Peter Kropotkin, and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, as well as that of writers of related ideologies, and even unrelated ones (for instance, Sun Tzu). The collection is maintained by volunteers and is based on a collection of documents that were distributed by email and newsgroups, later collected into a single gopher site in 1993. It contains over 180,000 documents from over 850 authors in 80 languages. All material in the archive is provided free of charge to users, although not necessarily free of copyright.