hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anti-satellite weapon
Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic or tactical purposes. Although no ASAT system has yet been utilized in warfare, a few countries (China, India, Russia, and the United States) have successfully shot down their own satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force. ASATs have also been used to remove decommissioned satellites.

ASAT roles include: defensive measures against an adversary's space-based and nuclear weapons, a force multiplier for a nuclear first strike, a countermeasure against an adversary's anti-ballistic missile defense (ABM), an asymmetric counter to a technologically superior adversary, and a counter-value weapon.

Use of ASATs generates space debris, which can collide with other satellites and generate more space debris. A cascading multiplication of space debris could cause Earth to suffer from Kessler syndrome.

Countervalue
In nuclear strategy, countervalue is the targeting of an opponent's assets that are of value but not actually a military threat, such as cities and civilian populations. Counterforce is the targeting of an opponent's military forces and facilities. The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., records the first use of the word in 1660 and the first use in the modern sense in 1965 in which it is described as a "euphemism for attacking cities".
Doris Hanson
Doris Jean Hanson (October 24, 1925 – November 8, 2006) was an American realtor, politician, and public administrator.  She was the 7th secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Administration, and the first woman to hold that office.  Later she was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the east side of the city of Madison and central Dane County.

Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County. Dane County is the fastest growing county in Wisconsin. It contains nearly 10% of the population of Wisconsin, and it only contained 5% of Wisconsin's population in 1950.

The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area, as well as the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
Mabel Akande
Mabel Akande (born 5 September 2006) is a British sprinter. She came third at the 2024 British Indoor Athletics Championships in the 60 metres. She was a silver medalist at the 2025 European Athletics U20 Championships over 100 metres.

2025 European Athletics U20 Championships
The 2025 European Athletics U20 Championships was the twenty-eighth edition of the biennial athletics competition between European  athletes under the age of twenty. The 2025 European Athletics U20 Championships were organized by European Athletics Association and held from 7–10 August 2025 in Tampere, Finland.
19th CableACE Awards
The 19th Annual CableACE Awards ceremony was held on November 14, 1997, and was the final edition of the CableACE Awards. Below are the nominees and the winners from that ceremony in the main categories.

George Carlin: 40 Years of Comedy
George Carlin: 40 Years of Comedy (1997) is comedian George Carlin's tenth HBO special. It was broadcast live from the Wheeler Opera House in Aspen, Colorado, as part of the US Comedy Arts Festival. Unlike Carlin's other stand-up specials, this contains only 27 minutes of stand-up performance. The rest is a retrospective celebrating Carlin's 40th anniversary in entertainment, with clips of his television appearances and an interview with the host Jon Stewart. Some of Carlin's material was repeated in his next special, You Are All Diseased.
Tahir bin Jalaluddin
Tahir Jalaluddin (8 December 1869 in Ampek Angkek, Agam, West Sumatra – 26 October 1956) was a famous Muslim ulama in Southeast Asia.

He became the editor for Al-Imam publication which was published in Singapore between 1906 and 1908.

Tahir published two major treatises on astronomy: Natijatul'Umur (published 1357 H./ 1936 M.) and Kitab Jadual Pati Kiraan (published in 1362 H./ 1941 M.) -  logarithms for determining the direction of kiblat and times for prayer.

His son Hamdan bin Sheikh Tahir was a Penang state governor (Yang di-Pertua Negeri) from 1989–2002.

Yang di-Pertua Negeri
The Governor, officially Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوا نݢري‎, lit. 'He Who is Made Head of the State') is the constitutional head of the four Malaysian states without a ruler, namely Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak. This is in contrast with the ruler (Malay: Raja), who serves as the constitutional monarch and head of state in the nine Malay states. These rulers are the Sultans of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Terengganu; the Raja of Perlis; and the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.
Banega
Banega is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Éver Banega (born 1988), Argentine footballer

Félix Banega (born 1996), Argentine footballer

Tiago Banega (born 1999), Argentine footballer

Éver Banega
Éver Maximiliano David Banega (born 29 June 1988) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Argentine Primera División club Defensa y Justicia.

He started his career with Boca Juniors, and signed with Valencia in 2008 where he remained for several years, appearing in 162 official games and winning the 2008 Copa del Rey. After joining Sevilla in 2014, he conquered three Europa League trophies over two spells.

Banega represented Argentina at the 2018 World Cup. Additionally, he won an Olympic medal in 2008 and appeared in three Copa América tournaments, helping the team to the final of the 2015 and 2016 editions.
Marouan Kechrid
Marouan Kechrid (born 2 June 1981) is a Tunisian-French former basketball player and current coach. After starting his career with JS Kairouan, Kechrid played the majority of his career in Tunisia and won five CNA championships over an eighteen-year span. He also played for Ittihad Tanger and Maghreb de Fes in the Moroccan Division Excellence.

Kechrid was a member of the Tunisia national basketball team that finished third at the 2009 FIBA Africa Championship to qualify for the country's first FIBA World Championship.  Kechrid averaged 9.8 PPG and 1.9 RPG for the Tunisians during the tournament.  He also competed for the Tunisians in the 2005 and 2007 FIBA Africa Championship.  He was a member of the Tunisian team that took part in the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Kechrid started his coaching career in 2021 as an assistant with US Monastir, and was promoted to head coach after a year. In October 2022, Kechrid and Monastir agreed to terminate their contract.

2005 FIBA Africa Championship
The 2005 FIBA Africa Championship was the 23rd FIBA Africa Championship, played under the rules of FIBA, the world governing body for basketball, and the FIBA Africa thereof. The tournament was hosted by Algeria from August 15 to 24 2005 and took place at the Salle Omnisports La Coupole.

Angola defeated Senegal 70–61 in the final to win their eighth title. and securing a spot at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Fourpoints Bridge
The Fourpoints Bridge, near Emmitsburg, Maryland is a wrought iron bridge by the Wrought Iron Bridge Company of Canton, Ohio.  The bridge crosses Toms Creek and is similar to the Poffenberger Road Bridge elsewhere in Frederick County. The 103-foot Pratt truss bridge remains in daily use.

Frederick County, Maryland
Frederick County is located in Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 271,717. The county seat is Frederick. The county is part of the Capital region of the state.

Like other outlying sections of the Washington metropolitan area, Frederick County has experienced a rapid population increase since the 1980s. It borders the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia.

Catoctin Mountain Park in the county is the location of Camp David, a U.S. presidential retreat, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army base.
2024 Slovak Open
The 2024 Slovak Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 26th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour and the 11th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Bratislava, Slovakia between 28 October and 3 November 2024 for the men and 7 and 13 October for the women.

Raphaël Collignon
Raphaël Collignon (born 13 January 2002) is a Belgian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 59 achieved on 16 February 2026 and a best doubles ranking of No. 435 reached on 31 March 2025. He is currently the No. 2 male singles player from Belgium.

Collignon has won four singles titles on the ATP Challenger Tour.
Gomphiocephalus
Gomphiocephalus is a genus of springtail native to Antarctica. Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni is the only member of the genus.

The Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni was first collected from Granite Harbour, southern Victoria Land, Eastern Antarctica in 1902 by the British National Antarctic Expedition.

Victoria Land
Victoria Land is a region in eastern Antarctica which fronts the western side of the Ross Sea and the Ross Ice Shelf, extending southward from about 70°30'S to 78°00'S, and westward from the Ross Sea to the edge of the Antarctic Plateau. It was discovered by Captain James Clark Ross in January 1841 and named after Queen Victoria. The rocky promontory of Minna Bluff is often regarded as the southernmost point of Victoria Land, and separates the Scott Coast to the north from the Hillary Coast of the Ross Dependency to the south.
Hans Raj Model School
Hans Raj Model School (HRMS) is a co-educational private school in Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi, India, providing education to students from kindergarten through the 12th grade, it is situated in the suburbs of West Delhi, spans 8 acres of green lawns, with its kindergarten division housed in a separate 1.5-acre campus.
The school was recognised as one of the ’Top’ schools of West Delhi in C-Fore surveys by Hindustan Times in 2009, 2012, and 2016.

West Delhi district
West Delhi district is one of the 11 administrative districts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India. Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Patel Nagar, Rajouri Garden and Punjabi Bagh. West Delhi is bound by the districts of North West Delhi to the north, North Delhi and Central Delhi to the east, South West Delhi to the south, and Jhajjar District of Haryana state to the west. Major residential and commercial areas of Delhi like Janakpuri, Uttam Nagar and Tilak Nagar are located in West Delhi.

West Delhi has an area of 129 km2 (50 sq mi), with a population density of nearly 14,000 persons per km2 (about 36,000 per sq mi). The population of 2,543,243 consists of 1,356,240 males and 1,187,003 females. Children between 0–6 years are 203,528 (109,526 boys and 94,002 girls). In 2001, the literacy rate for West Delhi was above 83% (87.85% of males and 77.99% of females).
Hypeugoa
Hypeugoa is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Arctiinae. Its single species, Hypeugoa flavogrisea, is found in western China. Both the genus and species were first described by John Henry Leech in 1899.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Francesco Ceccarelli
Francesco Ceccarelli (1752, in Foligno – 21 September 1814, in Dresden) was a castrato soprano known for his grace and excellent singing technique.

After early opera appearances in his native Umbria, he sang mainly in the German-speaking countries and was thought better suited to church and concert music.

He was notably engaged by Count Hieronymus von Colloredo as a court singer at Salzburg (1777–88), where he became a friend of the Mozart family; Mozart wrote a mass, K275/272b, and a rondò, K374, for him. At the premiere on 21 December 1777 of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Missa Brevis, K. 272b, Ceccarelli was among the soloists singled out for praise for his performance. Around 1780, Mozart revised "Exsultate, jubilate," possibly for Ceccarelli to sing at the Dreifaltigkeitskirche.

Later, Ceccarelli held posts at Mainz (1788–92) and sang in opera in Italy. In decline, he served the Elector of Saxony in Dresden from 1800.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Deoxycytidylate 5-hydroxymethyltransferase
In enzymology, a deoxycytidylate 5-hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + H2O + deoxycytidylate  tetrahydrofolate + 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, H2O, and deoxycytidylate, whereas its two products are tetrahydrofolate and 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases that transfer one-carbon groups, specifically the hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:deoxycytidylate 5-hydroxymethyltransferase. Other names in common use include dCMP hydroxymethylase, d-cytidine 5'-monophosphate hydroxymethylase, deoxyCMP hydroxymethylase, deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase, and deoxycytidylic hydroxymethylase.  This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism and one carbon pool by folate.

5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate (N5,N10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate; 5,10-CH2-THF) is cofactor in several biochemical reactions.  It exists in nature as the diastereoisomer [6R]-5,10-methylene-THF.

As an intermediate in one-carbon metabolism, 5,10-CH2-THF converts to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, and methenyltetrahydrofolate.  It is substrate for the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which gives 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. It is mainly produced by the reaction of tetrahydrofolate with serine, catalyzed by the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu (film series)
Kurigalu Saar Kurigalu is a series of Indian Kannada-language comedy films. The series is directed by Rajendra Singh Babu. The film's title is based on a famous poem on herd mentality written by acclaimed poet K. S. Nissar Ahmed.

K. S. Nissar Ahmed
Kokkare Hosahalli Shekh Haider Nissar Ahmed (5 February 1936 – 3 May 2020) was an Indian poet and writer in the Kannada language. He was awarded the Padma Shri (2008), the Rajyotsava Award (1981) and the Pampa award for his work (2017). He became a household name for his work Nityotsava (Daily celebration), which is a poem about Karnataka, a piece he composed after seeing Jog falls. He has numerous poems, translations  and children's books to his credit. He is known for using simple words that resonate deeply with the public in his literary work.
Melik Shahnazar II
Melik Shahnazar II (Armenian: Մելիք-Շահնազար Բ; 1725/26 or 1731 – 1792) was the melik of Varanda, one of the five Melikdoms of Karabakh, in the 18th century. He is a controversial figure in Armenian history, whose actions contributed significantly to the demise of the Armenian Melikdoms of Artsakh.

Raffi (novelist)
Hakob Melik Hakobian (Armenian: Յակոբ Մելիք Յակոբեան (classical); 1835 – 25 April 1888), better known by his pen name Raffi (Armenian: Րաֆֆի), was an Armenian author and leading figure in 19th-century Armenian literature. He is considered one of the most influential and popular modern Armenian authors. His works, especially his historical novels, played an important role in the development of modern Armenian nationalism. Ara Baliozian described him as Armenia's "greatest novelist of the 19th century."
Veterum Sapientia
Veterum Sapientia (English: "The Wisdom of the Ancients") is an apostolic constitution promulgated by Pope John XXIII on February 22, 1962 regarding the significance of Latin and other non-vernacular languages to the Catholic Church and in the priesthood.

Apostolic constitution
An apostolic constitution (Latin: constitutio apostolica) is the most solemn form of legislation issued by the Pope.

By their nature, apostolic constitutions are addressed to the public. Generic constitutions use the title apostolic constitution and treat solemn matters of the church, such as the promulgation of laws or definitive teachings. The forms dogmatic constitution and pastoral constitution are titles sometimes used to be more descriptive as to the document's purpose.

Apostolic constitutions are issued as papal bulls because of their solemn, public form. Among types of papal legislation, apostolic letters issued motu proprio are next in solemnity.
KEYU (TV)
KEYU (channel 31) is a television station licensed to Borger, Texas, United States, serving the Amarillo area as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is owned by Gray Media alongside CBS affiliate KFDA-TV (channel 10). The two stations share studios on Broadway Drive (just south of West Cherry Avenue) in northern Amarillo; KEYU's transmitter is located on Dumas Drive (US 87-287) and Reclamation Plant Road in rural unincorporated Potter County.

Despite its full-power status, the station's broadcasting radius does not reach the entire Amarillo market (covering a 55.2-mile-wide [88.8 km] area, compared to KFDA's 75.2-mile-wide [121.0 km] signal contour). To reach portions of the Texas Panhandle that do not receive KEYU's signal adequately, if at all, KEYU is simulcast in 480i widescreen standard definition on KFDA's third subchannel (10.3) from a separate transmitter at the KEYU/KFDA studios.

Potter County, Texas
Potter County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 118,525. Its county seat is Amarillo. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1887. It is named for Robert Potter, a politician and signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and the Texas Secretary of the Navy. Potter County is included in the Amarillo metropolitan area.
2022 Europe Netball Open Challenge
2022 Europe Netball Open Challenge was a second level tournament organised by Europe Netball. It featured eight teams playing a series of netball test matches in May 2022 at the National Sports Centre in Douglas, Isle of Man. The Republic of Ireland finished as overall winners after winning all of their matches. In the final they defeated the United Arab Emirates 55–41. The hosts, the Isle of Man, finished third after defeating Gibraltar 53–31 in a playoff. The tournament was livestreamed on Europe Netball's YouTube channel.

Douglas, Isle of Man
Douglas (Manx: Doolish, pronounced [ˈdðuːlʲəʃ]) is the capital city and largest settlement of the Isle of Man, with a population of 26,677 (2021) and an area of 4.1 square miles (10.5 km2). It is located at the mouth of the River Douglas, and on a sweeping bay of two miles (three kilometres). The River Douglas forms part of the city's harbour and main commercial port.

Douglas was a small settlement until it grew rapidly as a result of links with the English port of Liverpool in the 18th century. Further population growth came in the following century, resulting during the 1860s in a staged transfer of the High Courts, the Lieutenant Governor's residence (actually located in nearby Onchan), and finally the seat of the legislature, Tynwald, to Douglas from the ancient capital, Castletown.

The city is the island's main hub for business, finance, legal services, shipping, transport, shopping, and entertainment. The annual Isle of Man TT motorcycle races start and finish in Douglas.
Trinity Forest Golf Club
Trinity Forest Golf Club is an 18-hole private golf club in the southern United States, located in Dallas, Texas.

Southeast of downtown Dallas, the club was founded in 2014 and the course opened for play in autumn 2016. Built on a former landfill, the treeless links-style course was designed by Bill Coore and Ben Crenshaw and features diversely architectured holes over undulating terrain.

Trinity Forest became the host course for the AT&T Byron Nelson on the PGA Tour in 2018, held in May. However, after years of declining revenue, along with other issues such as lack of entertainment and dining options in the area, the PGA Tour removed it from the 2020 schedule and moved the event to the TPC Craig Ranch when the event was revived for 2021. It is also the home of the SMU Mustangs men's and women's college golf teams.

In 2023, The USGA and Trinity Forest Golf Club announced it will host the U.S. Junior Amateur (in 2025), and its female equivalent, the U.S. Girls' Junior (in 2031).

Ben Crenshaw
Ben Daniel Crenshaw (born January 11, 1952) is an American retired professional golfer who has won 19 events on the PGA Tour, including two major championships: the Masters Tournament in 1984 and 1995. Nicknamed Gentle Ben, Crenshaw is widely regarded as one of the best putters in golf history.
Peter van Niekerk
Petrus Reininus Johannes "Peter" van Niekerk (born 30 November 1971 in Hazerswoude) is a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his country for the first time at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. With Roy Heiner as helmsman and Dirk de Ridder as fellow crew member, Van Niekerk took the 4th place in the Soling. In the 2004 Olympics in Athena Van Niekerk made his second Olympic appearance. This time in the Star with Mark Neeleman as helmsman. They took 14th place.

In 1997–98, he was a crewmember on Volvo 60 yacht Brunel Sunergy in the Whitbread Round the World Race and in 2008–09 on yacht Delta Lloyd in the Volvo Ocean Race.

He sailed for ALL4ONE Challenge in the 2010 Louis Vuitton Trophy Dubai.

Louis Vuitton Trophy Dubai
The Louis Vuitton Trophy Dubai was the fourth in a scheduled series of regattas that compete for the Louis Vuitton Trophy. The regatta occurred in Dubai between 14–27 November 2010.  The Louis Vuitton Trophy format uses existing International America's Cup Class yachts loaned to the regatta by various America's Cup racing syndicates, keeping costs relatively low for the competing teams.

The Louis Vuitton Trophy was organised after the success of the Louis Vuitton Pacific Series and the continued legal battle surrounding the America's Cup yachting competition at the time.  Because of the long delays from the legal action, and the fact that the 2010 America's Cup became a Deed of Gift match without a defender or challenger selection series, the Louis Vuitton Trophy series was established as a competition for other America's Cup racing syndicates.

The Dubai event was hosted by Dubai International Marine Club and sponsored by the airline Emirates.