hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Second League of Armed Neutrality
The Second League of Armed Neutrality or the League of the North was an alliance of the north European naval powers Denmark–Norway, Prussia, Sweden, and Russia. It was founded during the War of the Second Coalition by Paul I of Russia in 1801. A revival of the First League of Armed Neutrality, like the first league it was intended to prevent neutral shipping from being inspected for French contraband by the Royal Navy. The league collapsed in 1801 after Paul was assassinated.

Military alliance
A military alliance is a formal agreement between nations that specifies mutual obligations regarding national security. In the event a nation is attacked, members of the alliance are often obligated to come to their defense regardless if attacked directly. Military alliances can be classified into defense pacts, non-aggression pacts, and ententes. Alliances may be covert (as was common from 1870 to 1916) or public.

According to a 2002 dataset of military alliances, there have been 538 alliance treaties from 1815 to 2003. The vast majority of the alliances involve commitments to come to the military support of one ally involved in war. The vast majority are defensive in nature. Since the end of the Second World War, military alliances have usually behaved less aggressively and act more as a deterrent. A 2025 analysis of alliances across the 19th and 20th century found that alliances overall tend to deter war.
2018 İstanbul Cup
The 2018 İstanbul Cup (also known as the TEB BNP Paribas İstanbul Cup for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 11th edition of the İstanbul Cup, and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2018 WTA Tour. It took place in Istanbul, Turkey, from 23 through 29 April 2018. Unseeded Pauline Parmentier won the singles title.

Ayla Aksu
Ayla Aksu (born 15 July 1996) is a Turkish tennis player.

Aksu has a career-high WTA singles ranking of 214, achieved on 18 September 2017, and a career-high doubles ranking of No. 199, set on 11 June 2018. She has won 13 singles titles and 16 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
San Francisco de Opalaca
San Francisco de Opalaca (Spanish pronunciation: [saɱ fɾanˈsisko ðe opaˈlaka]) is a Lenca-populated municipality in the Honduran department of Intibucá. The municipality also lends its name to a contemporary electro-punk fusion collective from Osaka, currently touring Denmark with their album 'I call it Nature'.

Municipalities of Honduras
Honduras is administratively divided into 18 departments, which are subdivided into 298 municipalities (Spanish: municipios). Municipalities are the only administrative division in Honduras that possess local government. Each municipality has its own elected mayor as opposed to the appointed governors of departments. For statistical purposes, the municipalities are further subdivided into 3731 aldeas, and those into 27969 caserios. At the lowest level, some caserios are subdivided into 3336 barrios or colonias.
One Za'abeel
One Za’abeel is a mixed-use skyscraper located in the Za’abeel district of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The development was completed in December 2023 and officially opened on 10 February 2024. It consists of two towers connected by a horizontal structure known as The Link.

Za'abeel, Dubai
Za'abeel (Arabic: زعبيل) is a community in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), located in eastern Dubai. It consists of two sub-communities, Za'abeel 1 and Za'abeel 2, which are relatively new and affluent, featuring villas and townhomes.
Tolson
Tolson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aaron Tolson, American tap dancer

Chick Tolson (1898–1965), American baseball player

Clyde Tolson (1900–1975), American Associate Director of the FBI

Dean Tolson (born 1951), American basketball player

Dickon Tolson, British actor

Edgar Tolson (1904–1984), American woodcarver

Jim Tolson, Scottish politician

Joe P. Tolson (1941–2019), American politician

John Tolson (academic) (died 1644), English academic administrator at the University of Oxford

Max Tolson (born 1945), Australian football (soccer) forward

Melvin B. Tolson (1900–1966), American writer

Neil Tolson (born 1973), English footballer

Jim Tolson
James "Jim" Tolson (born 26 May 1965) is a Scottish Liberal Democrat politician, and a former Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Dunfermline West from 2007 until 2011.

Prior to his election as an MSP, he was a Fife councillor and employee of Sky Subscriber Services Ltd in Dunfermline. In 2005, Tolson won a case against Sky at an employment tribunal seeking more time off to carry out council duties.

Tolson's seat was abolished in the 2011 Scottish Parliament election and he contested the new Dunfermline constituency but lost to the Scottish National Party's Bill Walker.
Kyasuchus
Kyasuchus is an extinct genus of shartegosuchid crocodyliform. Fossils have been found from the Ilek Formation outcropping in the Kemerovo Oblast of Russia, deposited during the Aptian and Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. The localities from which specimens of this genus have been found have also yielded many other vertebrate remains such as those of palaeonisciform fishes, turtles, various lizards, troodontids, triconodonts, the ceratopsian Psittacosaurus, and the protosuchian-grade crocodylomorph Tagarosuchus.

Eutriconodonta
Eutriconodonta is an order of early mammals. Eutriconodonts existed in Asia (including pre-contact India), Africa, Europe, North and South America during the Jurassic and the Cretaceous periods. The order was named by Kermack et al. in 1973 as a replacement name for the paraphyletic Triconodonta.

Traditionally seen as the classical Mesozoic small mammalian insectivores, discoveries over the years have shown them to be among the best examples of the diversity of mammals in this time period, including a vast variety of bodyplans, ecological niches and locomotion methods.
When the Song Does Not End
When the Song Does Not End (Russian: Когда песня не кончается) is a 1965 Soviet musical film revue, directed by Roman Tikhomirov and produced by the Leningrad Film Studio. It features music by Andrey Petrov, Georgi Portnov, Vasily Solovyov-Sedoi, Viktor Fyodorov, and Georgy Firtich. Among other things, it is notable for being Edita Piekha's screen début. The film features the first recording of Nikolai Kapustin's piece "Toccata", op.8.

Andrei Petrov
Andrei Pavlovich Petrov (Russian: Андре́й Па́влович Петро́в; 2 September 1930, Leningrad – 15 February 2006, Saint Petersburg) was a Soviet and Russian composer. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1980. Andrey Petrov is known for his music for numerous classic Soviet films such as Walking the Streets of Moscow, Beware of the Car, and Office Romance.
712 Naval Air Squadron
712 Naval Air Squadron (712 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). It was initially established as a (Catapult) Flight in 1936, before being upgraded to squadron status in 1938. It was charged with operating Supermarine Walrus seaplanes for the cruisers HMS Glasgow, HMS Newcastle, HMS Sheffield and HMS Southampton, which all commissioned during 1937. Assigned to the Humber Force and the 18th Cruiser Squadron at the start of the Second World War, the group totalled nine vessels with eighteen Supermarine Walrus aircraft. However, in January 1940, it combined with 700 Naval Air Squadron. It was reformed at HMS Sparrowhawk, RNAS Hatston,  in August 1944, as a Communications Squadron, taking 'B' flight from 771 Naval Air Squadron. The aircraft used were Stinson Reliant, Supermarine Sea Otter, and Beech Traveller. The squadron was disbanded in August 1945.

HMNZS Leander
HMNZS Leander was a light cruiser which served with the Royal New Zealand Navy during World War II. She was the lead ship of the Leander class. The ship initially served as HMS Leander in the Royal Navy before her transfer to New Zealand in 1937. In 1945, the ship was returned to the Royal Navy as HMS Leander and was involved in the Corfu Channel incident. The ship was scrapped in 1950.
Ruler of the World
Ruler of the World (foaled 17 March 2010) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse who won The Derby in 2013. He was unraced as a two-year-old. In 2013, he won a maiden race at the Curragh and the Group Three Chester Vase before winning the Derby on his third appearance. Later that year, he finished second in the Prix Niel and third in the Champion Stakes. He remained in training as a four-year-old and won the Prix Foy before being retired to stud.

Curragh Racecourse
The Curragh Racecourse is a flat racecourse in County Kildare, Ireland. The racecourse is home to Ireland’s five most important flat races, known as the Classics. Racing takes place 23 days each year from the end of March until late October. Guided tours of the venue are available outside of race days.
Presidential Guard (Greece)
The Presidential Guard (Greek: Προεδρική Φρουρά, romanized: Proedrikí Frourá) is a ceremonial infantry unit that guards the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and the Presidential Mansion in Athens, Greece. The unit is distinguished as the last unit of Evzones in the Hellenic Army, and is closely associated with the traditional Evzone's uniform, which evolved from the clothes worn by the klephts in the Greek War of Independence. The most visible item of this uniform is the fustanella, a kilt-like garment. In 1868–1914 and 1937–1973 (with interruptions), the guard also included a cavalry company.

Klepht
Klephts (/klɛfts/; Greek κλέφτης, kléftis, pl. κλέφτες, kléftes, which means "thieves" and perhaps originally meant just "brigand") were highwaymen turned self-appointed armatoloi, anti-Ottoman insurgents, and warlike mountain-folk who lived in the countryside when Greece was a part of the Ottoman Empire. They were the descendants of Greeks who retreated into the mountains during the 15th century in order to avoid Ottoman rule. Klepht bands also included many ethnic Albanians. They carried on a continuous war against Ottoman rule and remained active as brigands until the 19th century.

The terms kleptomania and kleptocracy are derived from the same Greek root, κλέπτειν (kléptein), "to steal".
Kalman Yeger
Kalman Yeger (born April 26, 1974) is an American politician who serves in the New York State Assembly for the 41st district. He is a conservative member of the Democratic Party. On Nov 5, 2024, Yeger won an uncontested election for the Assembly seat which is located in Brooklyn and includes all or part of the neighborhoods of Flatlands & Sheepshead Bay, as well as parts of East Flatbush, Midwood, and Canarsie.

East Flatbush, Brooklyn
East Flatbush is a residential neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. East Flatbush is bounded by Crown Heights and Empire Boulevard to the north; Brownsville and East 98th Street to the east; Flatlands, Canarsie and the Long Island Rail Road's Bay Ridge Branch to the south; and the neighborhood of Flatbush and New York Avenue to the west. East Flatbush is a predominantly black neighborhood of African American and Afro-Caribbeans  and has a population of 135,619 as of the 2010 United States census.

East Flatbush is part of Brooklyn Community District 17, and its primary ZIP Code is 11203. It is patrolled by the 67th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically it is represented by the New York City Council's 40th, 41st, and 45th Districts.
Louis Fieser
Louis Frederick Fieser (April 7, 1899 – July 25, 1977) was an American organic chemist, professor, and in 1968, professor emeritus at Harvard University. His award-winning research included work on blood-clotting agents including the first synthesis of vitamin K, synthesis and screening of quinones as  antimalarial drugs, work with steroids leading to the synthesis of cortisone, and study of the nature of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. He also invented militarily effective napalm while at Harvard in 1942.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is any member of a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple fused aromatic rings. Most are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter—by engine exhaust fumes, tobacco, incinerators, in roasted meats and cereals, or when biomass burns at lower temperatures as in forest fires. The simplest representative is naphthalene, having two aromatic rings, and the three-ring compounds anthracene and phenanthrene. PAHs are uncharged, non-polar and planar. Many are colorless. Many of them are also found in fossil fuel deposits such as coal and in petroleum. Exposure to PAHs can lead to different types of cancer, to fetal development complications, and to cardiovascular issues.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed as possible starting materials for abiotic syntheses of materials required by the earliest forms of life.
A Peaceful Killing
"A Peaceful Killing" is a song recorded by British singer-songwriter Matthew Barton. It was self-released digitally under Silverprince Pictures. The song was written by Darius Shu, Barton, and produced by Barton himself, and mixed and mastered by Sam Wain. Arron Blake and Darius Shu, director of the 2021 film I AM Norman, approached the singer to contribute an original song to the film.

A music video for the track was released on YouTube. Critical response to the song was generally positive.

Arron Blake
Arron Blake (born 23 October 1987) is an English actor and director. A graduate of The Poor School in London, Blake's directorial debut short film His Hands with Darius Shu premiered at Tribeca Film Festival 2019 and was nominated for Best Narrative Short.
Clayton Knight Committee
The Clayton Knight Committee was founded by Billy Bishop and Clayton Knight in 1940. Homer Smith and several German émigrés, who wanted America to join the war against the Axis powers, provided funding for the secret and unlawful commissioning agency. Its mission was to bring Americans to Canada in order to prepare and battle for the Allies while the US was still neutral. By Canada allowing the training to take place on their soil, it is considered the most important contribution it made to the Allied air war. This was before the US declared war on Japan and Germany. The committee was forced to defend itself from opposing forces such as, "pacifists and isolationists, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt."

United States declaration of war on Germany (1941)
On December 11, 1941, the United States Congress declared war on Germany (Pub. L. 77–331, Sess. 1, ch. 564, 55 Stat. 796), hours after Germany declared war on the United States after the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan. The vote was approved unanimously by both houses of Congress; 88–0 in the Senate and 393–0 in the House.
Miltiadès Papamiltiadès
Miltiadès Papamiltiadès (Greek: Μιλτιάδης Παπαμιλτιάδης; 1910–1987) was a Greek anatomist known for his studies of the lymphatic system. He was among the passengers of Mataroa in 1945, fleeing from Greece to France among with many Greek intellectuals to escape the White Terror.

White Terror (Greece)
In Greece, the White Terror (Greek: Λευκή Τρομοκρατία) was the period of persecution of members of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) and other former members of the leftist World War II-era resistance organization National Liberation Front (EAM) in 1945–1946, prior to the outbreak of the Greek Civil War. The term is used in Greece in an analogy to similar cases elsewhere.
Thomas Bloomer
Thomas Bloomer (14 July 1894 – 5 January 1984) was an English bishop. He was educated at the Royal School Dungannon and Trinity College, Dublin. He began his ministry as a curate at Carrickfergus. Later he was Vicar of St Mark's, Bath and then Vicar and Rural Dean of Barking before his ordination to the episcopate as Bishop of Carlisle. He was consecrated a bishop on St Luke's day (18 October) 1946, by Cyril Garbett, Archbishop of York, at York Minster; his brother, James Bloomer, then-Rector of Armagh, preached. He retired as bishop in 1966, and died on 5 January 1984.

Carrickfergus
Carrickfergus (from Irish Carraig Fhearghais [ˌkaːɾˠəɟ ˈaɾˠɣəʃ]ⓘ, meaning "Fergus' rock") is a large town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It sits on the north shore of Belfast Lough, 11 miles (18 km) from Belfast. The town had a population of 28,141 at the 2021 census. It is County Antrim's oldest town and one of the oldest towns in Ireland as a whole. Carrickfergus Castle, built in the late 12th century at the behest of Anglo-Norman knight John de Courcy, was the capital of the Earldom of Ulster. After the earldom's collapse, it remained the only English outpost in Ulster for the next four centuries. Carrickfergus was the administrative centre for Carrickfergus Borough Council, before this was amalgamated into the Mid and East Antrim District Council in 2015, and forms part of the Belfast Metropolitan Area. It is also a townland of 65 acres, a civil parish and a barony.
Korosnytsia
Korosnytsia (Ukrainian: Коросниця, German: Josephsberg or Josefsberg, Polish: Korośnica or Korosnica) is a village in Drohobych Raion, Lviv Oblast, south-west Ukraine. It belongs to Medenychi settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The community was founded in 1784, and in 2001 had a population of 144. Korosnytsia, originally known as Josefsberg in German and later also as Korosnica in Polish, is located four kilometers from the town of Medenychi and 22 kilometers from Drohobych.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
Tell al-Rimah
Tell al-Rimah (also Tell ar-Rimah) is an archaeological settlement mound, in Nineveh Province, Iraq, roughly 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Mosul and ancient Nineveh in the Sinjar region. It lies 15 kilometers south of the site of Tal Afar.

It has been proposed that its ancient name in the 2nd millennium BC was Karana or Qattara or Razama. Karana and Qattara were very close together and thought to be part of a small kingdom. It has also been suggested that the site's name in the 1st Millennium BC was Zamaḫâ. It is near the circular walled similar archaeological sites of Tell Hadheil, a large Early Dynastic site with Old Babylonian and Neo-Assyrian occupation, and Tell Huweish. Tell Hamira, known earlier as Tell Abu Hamira, is 16 kilometers to the east and has also been suggested as the site of Karana.

Currently, archaeology leans toward Qattara as the ancient name of Tell Al-Rimah.

Tal Afar
Tal Afar (Arabic: تَلْعَفَر, romanized: Talʿafar, IPA: [talˈʕafar]; Turkish: Telafer, تلعفر) is a city in the Nineveh Governorate of northwestern Iraq, located 63 km (39 mi) west of Mosul, 52 km (32 mi) east of Sinjar and 200 km (120 mi) northwest of Kirkuk. Its local inhabitants are exclusively Turkmen.

While no official census data exists, the city, which had previously been estimated to have a population of approximately 200,000, had dropped to 80,000 as of 2007. In 2003, Tal Afar's Turkmen population in the city center was about 15 percent Bektashi and Shia, while 85 percent was Sunni. Surrounding areas push the total Sunni ratio to 90%. On 27 April 2025, Baghdad Today reported of an ongoing government initiative to convert Tel Afar District into the 20th governorate of Iraq. The proposed name of the new governorate is Jazira.
Grand Bay Elementary School for Colored
The Grand Bay Elementary School for Colored, also known simply as the Grand Bay School, was a racially segregated elementary school located midway between Grand Bay, Alabama and St. Elmo, Alabama along U.S. Route 90. The school was established in 1919 with support from the residents of the surrounding community of Fernland and funding from the Julius Rosenwald Fund. It was constructed on land donated for that purpose by Peter Alba, a Confederate veteran of the Civil War, who lived at Bayou La Batre, Alabama. Of the thousands of schools constructed by the Rosenwald Fund, this school was the eleventh school so funded.  All that remains of the original school is a 2 by 3 feet (0.61 m × 0.91 m) piece of stone and mortar.

Rosenwald Fund
The Rosenwald Fund (also known as the Rosenwald Foundation, the Julius Rosenwald Fund, and the Julius Rosenwald Foundation) was established in 1917 by Julius Rosenwald and his family for "the well-being of mankind." Rosenwald became part-owner of Sears, Roebuck and Company in 1895, serving as its president from 1908 to 1922, and chairman of its board of directors until his death in 1932.
La Barrosa
La Barrosa (meaning 'mud coloured') is a flamenco piece by Spanish virtuoso guitarist Paco de Lucía. An alegrías, it featured on his 1987 album Siroco and is one of his best known and acclaimed works. The piece is named after Playa la Barrosa, a 6 km long beach in Chiclana de la Frontera, Cádiz. He has performed it all across the world including a performance in front of the Plaza Mayor in Madrid in 1996 and televised nationally on TVE1. It is played in the key of B major with a capo on the second fret.
Eric Clapton and Richard Chapman described the piece as "full of effortless delicacy with cascading phrases".

La 1 (Spanish TV channel)
La 1 (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈuno], The One) is a Spanish free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Televisión Española (TVE), the television division of state-owned public broadcaster Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE). It is the corporation's flagship television channel and is known for broadcasting mainstream and generalist programming, including Telediario news bulletins, prime time drama, cinema and entertainment, and major breaking news, sports and special events.
Animal Farm (2025 film)
Animal Farm is a 2025 animated fantasy comedy-adventure film directed by Andy Serkis and written by Nicholas Stoller, based on the 1945 novella by George Orwell. The film stars Seth Rogen, Gaten Matarazzo, Woody Harrelson, Steve Buscemi, Glenn Close and Kieran Culkin. It is the third adaptation of the novella, following the 1954 animated film and the 1999 live-action film, with an alternative, coming-of-age plot that introduces new characters such as a piglet named Lucky.

The film premiered at the 2025 Annecy International Animation Film Festival on 9 June 2025, and is scheduled to be theatrically released in the United States on 1 May 2026, by Angel Studios.

Iman Vellani
Iman Vellani (born August 12, 2002) is a Canadian actress and comic book writer. She starred as Kamala Khan in the Marvel Cinematic Universe productions Ms. Marvel (2022) and The Marvels (2023). Vellani has also appeared as Khan in other Disney productions and has co-written two Ms. Marvel limited series.
Winnipeg Warming Huts; An Art and Architecture Competition on Ice
The Warming Huts: An Art and Architecture Competition on Ice is a design competition that takes place in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The competition features art installations submitted by various artists and architects that are placed along the frozen Red River and Assiniboine River for the community to enjoy. The Warming Huts are the product of a recurring exercise in design and construction that takes place on the frozen rivers of Winnipeg every winter with limitless design variations allowing a lot of freedom for concept exploration.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.