hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Papilio agenor polymnestor
Papilio agenor polymnestor, the Indian blue mormon, is a large swallowtail butterfly found in south India. It is the "state butterfly" of the Indian state of Maharashtra. With a wingspan of 120–150 mm, it is the fourth largest butterfly of India.

Rutaceae
The Rutaceae (/ruːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.

Species of the family generally have flowers that divide into four or five parts, usually with strong scents. They range in form and size from herbs to shrubs and large trees.

The most economically important genus in the family is Citrus, which includes the orange (C. × sinensis), lemon (C. × limon), grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and lime (various). Boronia is a large Australian genus, some members of which are plants with highly fragrant flowers and are used in commercial oil production. Other large genera include Zanthoxylum, several species of which are cultivated for Sichuan pepper, Melicope, and Agathosma. The family Rutaceae contains about 160 genera.
Swarf
Swarf, also known as chips or by other process-specific names (such as turnings, filings, or shavings), are pieces of metal, wood, or plastic that are the debris or waste resulting from machining, woodworking, or similar subtractive (material-removing) manufacturing processes. Swarf can be small particles (such as the gritty swarf from grinding metal or the sawdust from sawing or sanding wood); long, stringy tendrils (such as the springy chips from turning tough metals, or long shavings from whittling); slag-like waste (such as is produced within pipe during pipefitting work); or stone fragments and dust (as in masonry).

Some of these terms are mass nouns (such as swarf and sawdust) and some of them are count nouns (such as chips, filings, or shavings).

Wood swarf is discussed at sawdust.

Whittling
Whittling may refer either to the art of carving shapes out of raw wood using a knife or a time-occupying process of repeatedly shaving slivers from a piece of wood.: 14 : 10 : 30  It is used by many as a pastime, or as a way to make artistic creations.
Blue Downs
Blue Downs is a town in the Western Cape, South Africa. It forms part of the Eastern Suburbs Zone of the City of Cape Town situated on the eastern outskirts of the city and is also located on the Cape Flats, a flat expanse of land east of Cape Town.

The suburb is one of the outlying areas of Cape Town that has been targeted by the Western Cape provincial government for development. Planned developments include improved public transportation for the area and the building of additional schools.

Cape Flats
The Cape Flats (Afrikaans: Die Kaapse Vlakte) is an expansive, low-lying, flat area situated to the southeast of the central business district of Cape Town. The Cape Flats is also the name of an administrative region of the City of Cape Town, which lies within the larger geographical area.
IC3 Convention Center
The IEC Convention Center of Cebu or the IC3 Convention Center (formerly the International Eucharistic Congress Pavilion) is a convention center within the grounds of the 23 Minore Park development along Pope John Paul II Avenue in Barangay Luz, Cebu City, Philippines. The convention center was built in order to host the 2016 International Eucharistic Congress held in the city.

The facility is owned by the Archdiocese of Cebu and is managed by Regent Property International.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
Snaefell
Snaefell (Old Norse: snjœ-fjall/snjó-fall – snow mountain or snaufjell - area above the tree line) – (Manx: Sniaull)  is the highest mountain and the only summit above 2,000 feet (610 m) on the Isle of Man, at 2,037 feet (620.9 m) above sea level. The summit is crowned by a railway station, cafe, several communications masts and can be reached by narrow gauge railway.

Cairn
A cairn is a human-made pile (or stack) of stones raised for a purpose, usually as a marker or as a burial mound. The word cairn comes from the Irish: carn [ˈkʰaːrˠn̪ˠ] (plural cairn [ˈkʰaːrˠɲ]).

Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes. In prehistory, they were raised as markers, as memorials and as burial monuments, some of which contained chambers.

In the modern era, cairns are often raised as landmarks, especially to mark the summits of mountains, and as trail markers. They vary in size from small piles of stones to entire artificial hills, and in complexity from loose conical rock piles to elaborate megalithic structures. Cairns may be painted or otherwise decorated, whether for increased visibility or for religious reasons.
Gaura, Jamo
Gaura is a village in Jamo block of Amethi district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The namesake of the historical pargana of Gaura Jamun, Gaura consists of a main site called Gaura khas in the northeast surrounded by several smaller hamlets. The village lands are fertile and contain many orchard groves. In the east-central part there is a large jhil which provides a convenient source of irrigation but also sometimes overflows and floods the surrounding fields. Gaura is located just north of Jamo on the Gauriganj-Jagdishpur road, and another road also leads off to Musafirkhana.

As of 2011, Gaura has a population of 4,349 people, in 700 households. It has 3 primary schools and a family welfare centre and it does not host a regular market or weekly haat. It serves as the seat of a nyaya panchayat which also includes 6 other villages.

Amethi district
Amethi district is a district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. This district is a part of Ayodhya division in the Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh. It covers an area of 2,329.11 km2. Gauriganj is the administrative headquarters of the district.
It is widely known for its association with the Nehru-Gandhi political family since 1980. Sanjay Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi (former Prime Minister), sons of Indira Gandhi, as well as Sonia Gandhi and her son Rahul Gandhi, have, at different times, represented this constituency.
. However, this changed in 2019 when Rahul was defeated in the Lok Sabha elections by Smriti Irani of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Irani was defeated in 2024 by Kishori Lal Sharma of the Indian National Congress.
Alec Snow
Alec Snow (born May 26, 1945) is a businessperson and former politician in Labrador. He represented Menihek in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1989 to 1996.

He was born in Millertown Junction, was educated in Grand Falls and moved to Labrador in 1964, working for the Iron Ore Company of Canada for 10 years. He opened his own business in 1973. Snow was a member of the town council for Labrador City, also serving as mayor. He married Anita Lannon; the couple had two children.

He was elected to the Newfoundland and Labrador assembly in 1989 and was elected in 1993. Snow was defeated by Perry Canning when he ran for election in the new riding of Labrador West in 1996. In 2005, he was named to the province's Business Advisory Board.

His grandson is the founder of VAKTROS Inc, an AI video surveillance solution.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
John Joseph Fanning
John Joseph Fanning (27 April 1874 – 14 June 1931) was an Irish-Australian insurance manager, equestrian judge, horse trader, amateur jockey and civic leader. Well known in North Queensland’s pastoral and racing circles, he served 36 years with the National Mutual Life Association of Australasia (NMLA), rising from a clerk to Northern District Manager, and later a senior role in Brisbane. His equestrian career spanned ownership, judging, and trading across all horse classes - ponies, hacks, thoroughbreds, and draught horses - while his civic contributions shaped Townsville’s infrastructure and community life. Fanning’s legacy reflects the Irish diaspora’s resilience and his pivotal role in Queensland’s colonial development.

AMP Limited
AMP Limited (formerly Australian Mutual Provident Society) is an Australian financial services company that operates in Australia and New Zealand. It offers superannuation and investment products, financial advice and banking services through AMP Banking, including home loans and savings accounts. AMP is headquartered in Sydney, Australia.

AMP has one of Australia's largest shareholder registers, with most shareholders living in Australia and New Zealand due to all policy holders receiving shares in the new company when the society demutualised.
Lascahobas Arrondissement
Lascahobas (French pronunciation: [laskaɔbas]; Haitian Creole: Laskawobas) is an arrondissement in the Centre department of Haiti. As of 2015, the population was 168,685 inhabitants. Postal codes in the Lascahobas Arrondissement start with the number 53.

The arrondissement consists of the following communes:

Lascahobas

Belladère

Savanette

Baptiste

Departments of Haiti
In the administrative divisions of Haiti, the department (French: département d'Haïti, pronounced [depaʁtəmɑ̃ d‿aiti]; Haitian Creole: depatman Ayiti) is the first of four levels of government. Haiti is divided administratively into ten departments, which are further subdivided into 42 arrondissements, 145 communes, and 571 communal sections.

In 2014, there was a proposal by the Chamber of Deputies to increase the number of departments from 10 to 14 —perhaps as high as 16.
David Arconti
David A. Arconti Jr. (born September 22, 1986) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 109th district since 2013.

On July 25th, he was nominated by Connecticut governor Ned Lamont to be commissioner of the Connecticut Public Utilities Regulatory Authority after its incumbent commissioner, John W. "Jack" Betkoski III, faced controversy over clashing with its chairperson, Marissa Gillett.

Connecticut's 109th House of Representatives district
Connecticut's 109th House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It encompasses parts of Danbury and has been represented by Democrat Farley Santos since 2023.
Giardini Botanici di Stigliano
The Giardini Botanici di Stigliano are botanical gardens located in Canale Monterano, province of Rome, Latium, central Italy. They form a part of the Grandi Giardini Italiani.

The sulphur springs themselves have been known since Etruscan times, and named Acquae Stygianae by the Romans. The hotel parkland extends across 20 hectares, and contain the ruins of Roman thermal baths, as well as bamboo, hazel trees, maples, oaks, Roman pines, tamarisks, and fauna including falcons, herons, owls, badgers, ferrets, foxes, porcupines, and weasels.

Province of Rome
The province of Rome (Italian: provincia di Roma) was one of the five provinces that formed part of the Lazio region of Italy. It was established in 1870 and disestablished in 2014. It was essentially coterminous with the Rome metropolitan area. The city of Rome was the provincial capital. During the 1920s, the boundary of the province shrank as land was ceded to establish new provinces. The province of Rome was the most populous province in Italy. On 1 January 2015, it was superseded by a new local government body—the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital.
Etro
Etro is a family-managed Italian luxury fashion house house founded in 1968. It is primarily known for its paisley patterns, which the company began producing in 1981.
In December  2025 the founding family sold its minority stake and completely exited  the company.

L Catterton
L Catterton is an American multinational private equity firm. Founded in Greenwich, Connecticut in 1989, the fund has made over 250 investments in brands across all segments of the consumer industry. The firm is led by co-CEOs J. Michael Chu and Scott Dahnke. Originally Catterton Partners, the fund merged with Bernard Arnault's family office and LVMH in 2016 to create L Catterton.

In June 2024, L Catterton ranked 39th in Private Equity International's PEI 300 ranking among the world's largest private equity firms.
Mark Sterling
Mark Rattelle (born March 1, 1983) is an American professional wrestler and manager. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he performs under the ring name "Smart" Mark Sterling as the manager of The Premier Athletes (Tony Nese, Ariya Daivari and Josh Woods). He also makes appearances for AEW's sister company Ring of Honor (ROH) and performing to independent circuit.

Manager (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a manager is a supporting character paired with a wrestler (or wrestlers) for a variety of reasons. A woman accompanying, or "seconding", a male wrestler to a match is sometimes referred to as a valet.

Performers who assume this role may be non-wrestlers, occasional wrestlers, older wrestlers who have retired or are nearing retirement, the tag team partner of the wrestler they are managing, or new wrestlers who are breaking into the business (or a specific company) and need experience in front of the crowds. The wrestler who is paired with a manager may be referred to as their charge, client, or ward. A professional wrestling manager's portrayal as a wrestler's decision-maker is usually fictional and has nothing to do with a wrestler or promotion's real-world counterpart or road agent.
Michael E. Boyle
Michael Edward Boyle (born 1965) is a United States Navy vice admiral who has served as the director of the Navy Staff since 2 August 2024. He most recently served as commander of the United States Third Fleet from 2022 to 2024. He served as the Director of Maritime Operations of the United States Pacific Fleet from 2020 to 2022, and previously commanded Carrier Strike Group 12 from 2019 to 2020.

Raised in McLean, Virginia, Boyle is a 1987 graduate of Jacksonville University with a B.S. degree in business management. He is the son of a naval aviator and became one himself in January 1990 after completing flight school. Boyle later earned a master's degree in foreign affairs from the Air Command and Staff College.

In April 2024, Boyle was nominated for assignment as deputy chief of naval operations for operations, plans, and strategy. In July 2024, he was nominated for director of the Navy Staff instead.

United States Third Fleet
The United States Third Fleet is one of the numbered fleets in the United States Navy. Third Fleet's area of responsibility includes approximately fifty million square miles of the eastern and northern Pacific Ocean areas including the Bering Sea, Alaska, the Aleutian Islands, and a sector of the Arctic. Major oil and trade sea lines of communication within this area are critically important to the economic health of the United States and friendly nations throughout the Pacific Rim region.

First established in 1943, the Third Fleet conducted extensive operations against Japanese forces in the Central Pacific during World War II. Deactivated in 1945, the fleet remained inactive until 1973, when it was reactivated and assumed its current responsibilities.
Van Antwerp
Van Antwerp is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edith Chesebrough Van Antwerp (1881–1949), American golfer

Eugene Van Antwerp (1889–1962), American mayor

Howard Van Antwerp (1898–1992), American football player and attorney

Jack Van Antwerp (born 1963), American photojournalist

Robert L. Van Antwerp, Jr. (born 1950), United States Army general

Verplanck Van Antwerp (1807–1875), United States Union Army general

Robert L. Van Antwerp Jr.
Lieutenant General Robert L. Van Antwerp Jr. (born January 27, 1950) is an American man who was the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army and Commanding General of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Winifred Josephine Robinson
Winifred Josephine Robinson (1867–1962) was an American botanist, educator, and educational administrator.  As a botanist, she studied ferns and wrote several papers and books.  She was the first dean of the Women's College of the University of Delaware, which was founded in 1914.

Academic administration
Academic administration is a branch of university or college employees responsible for the maintenance and supervision of the institution and separate from the faculty or academics, although some personnel may have joint responsibilities. Some type of separate administrative structure exists at almost all academic institutions. Fewer institutions are governed by employees who are also involved in academic or scholarly work. Many senior administrators are academics who have advanced degrees and no longer teach or conduct research.
Karl Jaspers Society of North America
The Karl Jaspers Society of North America (KJSNA) is a philosophy organization founded on December 28, 1980 by George B. Pepper (Iona College), Edith Ehrlich, and Leonard H. Ehrlich (University of Massachusetts Amherst) to promote study and research on the ideas of Karl Jaspers and related issues in continental philosophy. The prospect of forming this society emerged from the research by these scholars while preparing a systematic reader of the basic philosophical writings of Karl Jaspers. Enthusiastic response to the reader prompted Pepper and Ehrlich to conclude that a learned society to study the work of Jaspers should be founded. The Karl Jaspers Society of North America is tax exempt under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code as a nonprofit organization.

Iona University
Iona University (/aɪˈoʊnə/) is a private Catholic university with a main campus in New Rochelle, New York, United States. It was founded in 1940 by the Congregation of Christian Brothers and occupies a campus of 45 acres (0.18 km2) in New Rochelle and a campus of 28 acres (0.11 km2) in Bronxville, New York.

Iona University offers more than 60 undergraduate programs and 45 graduate programs in the School of Arts & Science, LaPenta School of Business and the NewYork-Presbyterian Iona School of Health Sciences. It also offers graduate courses in Manhattan and has 14 study abroad programs. As of academic year 2018–2019, the institution enrolled approximately 4,000 undergraduate and graduate students from diverse backgrounds representing 35 states and 47 countries of origin.
The Man with the Iron Heart
The Man with the Iron Heart is an alternate history novel by Harry Turtledove. Published in 2008, it takes as its premise the survival by Reinhard Heydrich of his 1942 assassination in Czechoslovakia and his subsequent leadership of the postwar Werwolf insurgency in occupied Germany, which Turtledove depicts as growing into a far more formidable force than was the case historically.

This novel follows the typical format of Turtledove novels, following events from multiple points of view. These include the historical figure of Heydrich, a Soviet counter-intelligence NKVD officer, and several Americans: another counter-intelligence officer, a soldier, a Congressman, a newspaper reporter, and a housewife who leads a movement to withdraw American forces from Germany. Much of the inspiration for the developments of the novel are drawn from the American occupation in Iraq and the reaction to it back in the United States.

Counterintelligence
Counterintelligence (counter-intelligence) and its primary subfield, counterespionage (counter-espionage), are activities aimed at protecting an agency's intelligence program from an opposition's intelligence service. It includes gathering information and conducting activities to prevent espionage, sabotage, assassinations or other intelligence activities conducted  by, for, or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons.

Many countries will have multiple organizations focusing on a different aspect of counterintelligence, such as domestic, international, and counter-terrorism. Some states will formalize it as part of the police structure, such as the United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Others will establish independent bodies, such as the United Kingdom's MI5, others have both intelligence and counterintelligence grouped under the same agency, like the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS).
Peter de Ros
Peter de Ros (died 1196 or 1197) was a medieval English monk and Archdeacon of Carlisle.

Peter was a royal justice as well as a monk of the cathedral chapter of Carlisle Cathedral. He became Archdeacon of Carlisle sometime before 17 June 1190, as he is named in a document of that date as holding that office.

During his time in office, Peter got into a dispute with Geoffrey the Archbishop of York. Geoffrey confiscated the revenues of Peter's office, along with the revenues of Henry Marshal the Dean of York, Burchard du Puiset the Treasurer of York Minster, and the canons Hugh Murdac and Adam of Thornover. Geoffrey refused to restore the incomes unless the offenders came barefoot into York Minster and begged for the archbishop's forgiveness. This all but Marshal did and they had their official revenues restored.

Peter was last listed as archdeacon in a document dated to 26 November 1194. He died in 1196 or 1197.

Royal justice
Royal justices were judges in medieval England with the power to hear pleas of the Crown. They were roving officials of the king of England, sent to seek out notorious robbers and murderers and bring them to justice.
Toffs and Toughs
Toffs and Toughs is a 1937 photograph of five English boys: two dressed in the Harrow School uniform including waistcoat, top hat, boutonnière, and cane; and three nearby wearing the plain clothes of pre-war working class youths. The picture was taken by Jimmy Sime on 9 July 1937 outside the Grace Gates at Lord's Cricket Ground during the Eton v Harrow cricket match. It has been reproduced frequently as an illustration of the British class system, although the name "Toffs and Toughs" may be no older than 2004.

Waistcoat
A waistcoat (UK and Commonwealth, /ˈweɪs(t)koʊt/ or /ˈwɛskət/;  colloquially called a weskit) or vest (US and Canada) is a sleeveless upper-body garment. It is usually worn over a dress shirt and necktie and below a coat as a part of most men's formal wear. It is also sported as the third piece in the traditional three-piece male suit. Any given waistcoat can be simple or ornate, or for leisure or luxury. Historically, the waistcoat can be worn either in the place of, or underneath, a larger coat, dependent upon the weather, wearer, and setting.

Daytime formal wear and semi-formal wear commonly comprises a contrastingly coloured waistcoat, such as in buff or dove gray, still seen in morning dress and black lounge suit. Traditionally, a white waistcoat is worn for white tie and a black one for black tie.