hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ambient space (mathematics)
In mathematics, especially in geometry and topology, an ambient space is the space surrounding a mathematical object along with the object itself.  For example, a 1-dimensional line  may be studied in isolation —in which case the ambient space of  is the real line, or it may be studied as an object embedded in 2-dimensional Euclidean space —in which case the ambient space of  is , or as an object embedded in 2-dimensional hyperbolic space —in which case the ambient space of  is .  To see why this makes a difference, consider the statement "Parallel lines never intersect."  This is true if the ambient space is , but false if the ambient space is , because the geometric properties of  are different from the geometric properties of .  All spaces are subsets of their ambient space.

Line (geometry)
In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature. It is a special case of a curve and an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light. Lines are spaces of dimension one, which may be embedded in spaces of dimension two, three, or higher. The word line may also refer, in everyday life, to a line segment, which is a part of a line delimited by two points (its endpoints).

Euclid's Elements defines a straight line as a "breadthless length" that "lies evenly with respect to the points on itself", and introduced several postulates as basic unprovable properties on which the rest of geometry was established. Euclidean line and Euclidean geometry are terms introduced to avoid confusion with generalizations introduced since the end of the 19th century, such as non-Euclidean, projective, and affine geometry.
Iča Putrih
Iča Putrih, born Marija Kos (4 February 1942 – 18 April 2019), was a Slovenian comedian.

Putrih was born in Ljubljana, in a family with three children, and spent her youth in Dravlje. At the age of 14 and a half, she was employed as secretary after graduating from a gymnasium. Later, she was also employed as a secretary at Delo. For many years she has collaborated with fellow comedian Marjan Roblek, and as a humorist she has also performed with Avsenik Brothers Ensemble for two years.

Putrih was married three times and the mother of two children, son and daughter. Her son died at the age of 16 of cancer. She died at the age of 77, after serious health complications with the gut.

Delo (newspaper)
Delo (lit. 'Labour') is a national daily newspaper in Slovenia. It covers politics, economics, sports, culture and social events in Slovene. In addition to Slovenia, the paper is available in several Croatian cities and in Belgrade, Serbia. It is based in  Ljubljana.
Clovis Regional Airport
Clovis Regional Airport (IATA: CVN, ICAO: KCVN, FAA LID: CVN) is a city-owned, public-use airport located six nautical miles (7 mi, 11 km) east of the central business district of Clovis, a city in Curry County, New Mexico, United States. The facility opened in April 1959 and is mostly used for general aviation, but is also served by one commercial airline. Current scheduled passenger service is subsidized by the Essential Air Service program. The airport was previously known as Clovis Municipal Airport but underwent a name change to Clovis Regional Airport in 2021 when it was upgraded to Part 121 status.

It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation airport (the commercial service category requires at least 2,500 enplanements per year).

Beechcraft 1900
The Beechcraft 1900 is an American twin-engine turboprop regional airliner manufactured by Beechcraft. It is also used as a freight aircraft and corporate transport, and by several governmental and military organizations. With customers favoring larger regional jets, then-owner Raytheon ended production in October 2002.

Developed from the Beechcraft Super King Air, the aircraft was designed to carry passengers in all weather conditions from airports with relatively short runways. It is capable of flying in excess of 600 miles (970 km), although few operators use its full-fuel range.
Senkō Shōjo
"Senkō Shōjo" (閃光少女; "Flash Girl") (also known by its English title "Put Your Camera Down") is a song by the Japanese band Tokyo Jihen. It was released on November 16, 2007, as a promotional track from their vinyl extended play Variety Zōkangō and music video clips DVD Senkō Shōjo, and was later added to their 2010 album Sports.

Sports (Tokyo Jihen album)
Sports (スポーツ, Supōtsu) is the fourth studio album by Japanese rock band Tokyo Jihen, released on February 24, 2010 in Japan through EMI Music Japan and Virgin Music. The album was produced by the band and Japanese recording engineer Uni Inoue.

On December 10, 2010, it was announced that "Sports" was named the iTunes Rewind 2010 Best Album of the Year in Japan.
Town hall in Banská Štiavnica
The town hall in Banská Štiavnica existed in the 14th century, as a ground floor house in Gothic style, with the name "Stuba Praetoriana" or "Stuba Judicis". Between 1507 and 1679 it was modified and extended in Renaissance style. The Chapel of St. Anna was attached to the building but was demolished in the 18th century and, in its place, a sculpture of the Virgin Mary was built.

Today's Baroque appearance was given by Štiavnica's master mason, Pircker, in the years 1787–88. Constructional cost was 8,444 florins and 15 kreutzers. A town prison was situated in the basement of the town hall. The beginning of a market was announced from a tower of the town hall.

Saint Anne
According to Christian tradition, Saint Anne (also known as Ann or Anna) was the mother of Mary, the wife of Joachim and the maternal grandmother of Jesus. Mary's mother is not named in the Bible's canonical gospels. In writing, Ann's name and that of her husband Joachim come from New Testament apocrypha, of which the Gospel of James (written perhaps around 150 AD) seems to be the earliest that mentions them. The mother of Mary is mentioned but not named in the Quran.
Charles Gausden
Charles Henry Gausden (c. 1826 – 5 September 1886) was an English cricketer.  Gausden's batting style is unknown.  He was born at Brasted, Kent.

Gausden made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1847.  He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1851. In his five first-class matches, he scored 41 runs at an average of 5.85, with a high score of 17.

He died at St Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex in 1886.

Brasted
Brasted /ˈbreɪstɛd/ is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. Brasted lies on the A25 road, between Sundridge and Westerham; the road is named Westerham Road, High Street and Main Road as it passes through the village east to west. Brasted is 3+3⁄4 miles (6.0 km) west of Sevenoaks town. The parish had a population of 1321 (2001 census) and includes the hamlets of Brasted Chart, Toys Hill and Puddledock. The village of Brasted has a number of 18th-century houses with several antique shops, pubs and residences. The parish church is dedicated to St Martin.
Crossocheilus tchangi
Crossocheilus tchangi is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the carps, barbs, minnows and related fishes. This species is endemic to Thailand where it is found in the  Chao Praya, Mae Klong, Bangpakong, Tapi and Trang basins.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Tony Award for Best Lighting Design in a Musical
Tony Award for Best Lighting Design in a Musical is an award for outstanding Lighting design of a musical. The award was first presented in 2005 after the category of Best Lighting Design was divided into Lighting Design in a Play and Lighting Design in a Musical with each genre receiving its own award.

59th Tony Awards
The 59th Annual Tony Awards ceremony was held on June 5, 2005 at Radio City Music Hall and broadcast by CBS television. Hugh Jackman hosted for the third time in a row.

This was the first year the craft category awards (costume, scenic, lighting) were divided into plays and musicals.
Grenada–United Kingdom relations
Grenada–United Kingdom relations are the international bilateral relations between Grenada and the United Kingdom. The UK governed Grenada from 1762 to 1974, when Grenada achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.

British Windward Islands
The British Windward Islands was an administrative grouping of British colonies in the Windward Islands of the West Indies, existing from 1833 until 3 January 1958 and consisting of the islands of Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, the Grenadines, Barbados (the seat of the governor until 1885, when it returned to its former status of a completely separate colony), Tobago (until 1889, when it was joined to Trinidad), and (from 1940) Dominica, previously included in the British Leeward Islands.
Arthur Bernard
Arthur Bernard (10 October 1915 – 5 March 1984) was a Luxembourgish footballer. He played in two matches for the Luxembourg national football team from 1937 to 1939. He was also part of Luxembourg's squad for the football tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in any matches.

Luxembourg national football team
The Luxembourg national football team (nicknamed the Red Lions; Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuergesch Foussballnationalekipp, French: Équipe du Luxembourg de football, German: Luxemburgische Fußballnationalmannschaft) is the national football team of Luxembourg, and is controlled by the Luxembourg Football Federation. The team plays most of its home matches at the Stade de Luxembourg in Luxembourg City.

Luxembourg has participated in every FIFA World Cup qualifiers since those for the 1934 World Cup, and in UEFA European Championship qualifiers since those for Euro 1964. As of 2026, they have never qualified for any of these major tournaments. Luxembourg is the nation with the most qualifying campaigns in both of these competitions without ever making it to the finals. However, they did compete in six Olympic football events between 1920 and 1952.
World Biographical Information System Online
The World Biographical Information System Online (or WBIS Online) is an online database that contains biographical articles from international lexica and encyclopedias in various languages.

Claiming to be "the most comprehensive biographical database available", WBIS Online is based on a bibliography of biographical sources published by K. G. Saur Verlag of Walter de Gruyter, each covering a continental region, countries or languages or cultural areas and  available in digitalized microfiches. The use is free in Germany, people can use the database either in public libraries, where they are already registered as a user, or at home after proof of their residence in Germany, free of charge and unlimited.

Bibliography
Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: βιβλίον, romanized: biblion, lit. 'book' and -γραφία, -graphía, 'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek: -λογία, romanized: -logía). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes bibliography as a word having two senses: one, a list of books for further study or of works consulted by an author (or enumerative bibliography); the other one, applicable for collectors, is "the study of books as physical objects" and "the systematic description of books as objects" (or descriptive bibliography).
History of navigation
The history of navigation, or the history of seafaring, is the art of directing vessels upon the open sea through the establishment of its position and course by means of traditional practice, geometry, astronomy, or special instruments. Many peoples have excelled as seafarers, prominent among them the Austronesians (Islander Southeast Asians, Malagasy, Islander Melanesians, Micronesians, and Polynesians), the Harappans, the Phoenicians, the Iranians, the ancient Greeks, the Romans, the Arabs, the ancient Indians, the Norse, the Chinese, the Venetians, the Genoese, the Hanseatic Germans, the Portuguese, the Spanish, the English, the French, the Dutch, and the Danes.

Pedro Nunes
Pedro Nunes (Portuguese: [ˈpeðɾu ˈnunɨʃ]; Latin: Petrus Nonius; 1502 – 11 August 1578) was a Portuguese mathematician, cosmographer, and professor, probably from a New Christian (of Jewish origin) family.

Considered one of the greatest mathematicians of his time, Nunes is best known for being the first to approach navigation and cartography with mathematical tools. Among other accomplishments, he was the first to propose the idea of a loxodrome (a rhumb line), and was the inventor of several measuring devices, including the nonius (from which the Vernier scale was derived), named after his Latin surname.
1942 Copa Aldao
The 1942 Copa Aldao was the final match to decide the winner of the Copa Aldao, the 15th edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final was contested by Uruguayan club Nacional and Argentine side River Plate.

In the first match, played at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo, National beat River Plate with a conclusive 4–0 win. The second leg should have been played at San Lorenzo de Almagro Stadium in Buenos Aires, but it was never held therefore the title was not officially awarded to any team.

Estadio Gasómetro
El Gasómetro, officially named San Lorenzo Stadium, was a football stadium located in the neighborhood of Boedo in Buenos Aires. Inaugurated in 1916, the stadium was the home ground of club San Lorenzo de Almagro before they moved to their new venue, Estadio Pedro Bidegain, which is sometimes referred to as Nuevo Gasómetro ("New Gasometer"), in 1993. The stadium had a capacity of 75,000 people.

The stadium was nicknamed Gasómetro due to its exterior facade that reminded of a gas holder, very common at the time. It has a capacity of 75,000 spectators, being the largest stadium of Argentina until the construction of El Cilindro, home venue of Racing Club de Avellaneda, inaugurated in 1950. Racing's stadium had a capacity of 100,000 spectators, then reduced to 66,000 in the 1990s. The stadium was one of the venues for the 1929 South American Championship.
The Tyranny of Big Tech
The Tyranny of Big Tech is a 2021 book written by Senator Josh Hawley of Missouri. The book's claim is that Facebook, Google, Amazon and Apple (Big Tech) are the "gravest threat to American liberty since the monopolies of the Gilded age" because of their
anti-conservative bias. Hawley says that he is fighting to "recover America's populist democracy". The book's original publisher, Simon & Schuster, cancelled the contract on January 7, 2021 after the storming of the United States Capitol on January 6 and Hawley's rejection of electoral votes in the 2020 United States presidential election. Regnery Publishing acquired the book on January 18 with a May 4 release date.

Big Tech
The Big Tech companies, also known as the tech giants or tech titans, are the largest and most influential technology companies in the world. The term Big Tech often refers to the largest six tech companies in the United States, Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Meta (Facebook), Microsoft, and Nvidia, which are also the largest companies in the world by market capitalization. Other companies sometimes included in the group include Tesla, Oracle, and Netflix.

The term Big Tech is similar to other popular terms for large industries, such as Big Oil, Big Soda, or Big Tobacco. Big Tech can also include large Chinese tech companies like Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent, and Xiaomi, collectively referred to as BATX.
Ponaryo Astaman
Ponaryo Astaman (born 25 September 1979) is an Indonesian former professional football player. He was part of Indonesia national football team from 2003 until 2013. He was a captain for Indonesian football team. As a player, he already played for several clubs in Indonesia, such as PSM Makassar, Arema FC, Persija Jakarta, and Sriwijaya. He also played in Malaysia with Melaka TMFC in 2006.

He played for PSM Makassar in the 2004 AFC Champions League group stage, where he scored one goal. He played for Arema Malang in the 2007 AFC Champions League group stage.

2007 AFC Champions League
The 2007 AFC Champions League was the 26th edition of the top-level Asian club football tournament and the 5th edition under the current AFC Champions League title.

Japanese side Urawa Red Diamonds became champions for the first time, beating Sepahan of Iran and becoming the fourth Japanese club to win the Asian championship, and qualified for the 2007 FIFA Club World Cup.
Steve Ball (footballer, born 1973)
Steve Ball (born 22 November 1973) is an English former footballer who made 42 appearances in the Football League playing as a midfielder for Darlington. He began his career as a trainee with Leeds United, played briefly in Ireland for Cork City, and went on to play non-league football for clubs including Farsley Celtic, Emley, Bradford Park Avenue, Harrogate Town, and Guiseley.

Wakefield F.C.
Wakefield Football Club was an English football club based in Wakefield, West Yorkshire. Originally based in the village of Emley, they were known as Emley A.F.C. from 1903 to 2002. The club relocated to Wakefield in 2000 and were renamed Wakefield & Emley in 2002. They were subsequently renamed Wakefield-Emley in 2004 and then just Wakefield in 2006, before being wound up in June 2014.
WJUL
WJUL (1230 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Classic Hits format. Licensed to Hiawassee, Georgia, United States, the station is currently owned by WJUL Radio, LLC.

WJUL is the former callsign of what is now WUML, the student run radio outlet of the University of Massachusetts Lowell.

Hiawassee, Georgia
Hiawassee is the county seat of Towns County, Georgia, United States. The population was 981 at the 2020 census. Its name is derived from the Cherokee—or perhaps Creek—word Ayuhwasi, which means meadow, (A variant spelling, "Hiwassee," is used for the local river and some other Appalachian place names.) Hiawassee is also known in the novel "Restart" by Gordon Korman.
Black Thrash Attack
Black Thrash Attack is the first studio album by the Norwegian black metal band Aura Noir. This is the first album to feature Blasphemer (Rune Eriksen) from Mayhem on guitars. As indicated in the title, this album is a mix of black metal and thrash metal and as such contains quite a few hints at early German thrash bands such as Kreator and Destruction.

All songs by Aura Noir. Track 7 co-written by Aldrahn of Dødheimsgard.

Aura Noir
Aura Noir are Norwegian black/thrash metal band from Oslo. They are heavily influenced by early thrash bands such as Voivod, Slayer, Sodom and Kreator. The band's lyrical themes focus on blasphemy, death and aggression.
Khwae Noi railway station
Khwae Noi railway station is a railway station located in Makham Sung Subdistrict, Phitsanulok City, Phitsanulok. It is located 405.313 km from Bangkok railway station and is a class 3 railway station. It is on the Northern Line of the State Railway of Thailand. About 500 m north of the railway station is a railway bridge once bombed by Allied planes during the Second World War. A monument to the bombing exists at the station.

Hua Lamphong railway station
Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) railway station (Thai: สถานีกรุงเทพ (หัวลำโพง), RTGS: Sathani Krung Thep (Hua Lamphong)) is a railway station in Pathum Wan, the former central passenger terminal in Bangkok and the former railway hub of Thailand. It is in the center of the city in the Pathum Wan district, and is operated by the State Railway of Thailand (SRT). Long distance trains moved to the new central station at Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal in 2023.
Śródmieście-Północ
Śródmieście-Północ (Polish: [ɕrudˈmjɛɕ.t͡ɕɛ ˈpuw.nɔt͡s]; lit. 'Downtown-North') is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin, Poland, within the Downtown district. Its western half features low-rise housing with villas, while the eastern half, mid-rise apartment buildings. The neighbourhood has an area of 1.41 km2, and in 2022, was inhabited by 10,460 people. The neighbourhood includes the city hall, the Bright Meadows Square, and skyscraper Hanza Tower.

The area was developed in the 19th century, with construction of tenement houses, and villas of the housing estate of Westend (now known as Łękno). They were incorporated into the city in 1875 and 1910 respectively. Most of the tenements were destroyed during the Second World War, and were replaced by apartment buildings from the 1950s to the 1980s.

Grunwald, Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship
Grunwald [ˈɡrunvalt] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grunwald, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. The village, Grünfelde until 1945, is chiefly known for a medieval battle, the 1410 Battle of Grunwald (or Tannenberg) between Polish-Lithuanian and Teutonic Knights forces.
Wroniawy, Łódź Voivodeship
Wroniawy [vrɔˈɲavɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Goszczanów, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north of Goszczanów, 29 km (18 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and 66 km (41 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz
Sieradz [ˈɕɛrat͡s] ⓘ (Latin: Siradia) is a city on the Warta river in central Poland with 40,891 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of the Sieradz County, situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Sieradz is a capital of the historical Sieradz Land.

Sieradz is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It was an important city of medieval Poland, thrice being a location for the election of the Polish monarchs. Polish Kings chaired six assemblies from here. Historically, it was the capital of the Duchy of Sieradz (1263-1339), Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793), and Sieradz Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is located on the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok.
Marilyn Hill Smith
Marilyn Hill Smith is an English soprano (born February 1952) whose UK-based performing career ranged from Handel to contemporary operatic works and from Gilbert and Sullivan to Viennese operetta and musicals. Her entry in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera comments that her "bright, flexible voice and charming appearance are perfect for operetta, and [...] Handel roles, particularly light and florid ones".

Scottish Opera
Scottish Opera is the national opera company of Scotland, and one of the five national performing arts companies of Scotland. Founded in 1962 and based in Glasgow, it is the largest performing arts organisation in Scotland.
Wing, Buckinghamshire
Wing, known in antiquity as Wyng, is a village and civil parish in east Buckinghamshire, England. The village is on the main A418 road between Aylesbury and Leighton Buzzard. It is about 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Aylesbury, 3 miles (5 km) west of Leighton Buzzard, and 12 miles (19 km) south of Milton Keynes.

William Page (historian)
William Henry Page (4 September 1861 – 3 February 1934) was a prolific and pioneering British historian and editor. For the last three decades of his life he was general editor of the Victoria County History.