hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Canadian patent law
Canadian patent law is the legal system regulating the granting of patents for inventions within Canada, and the enforcement of these rights in Canada.

A patent is a government grant that gives the inventor—as well as their heirs, executors, and assignees—the exclusive right within Canada to make, use, and/or sell the claimed invention during the term of the patent, subject to adjudication.

In general, Canadian patent law is administered by the Canadian Intellectual Property Office. The granting of Canadian patents is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Canadian federal government and is governed by the federal Patent Act, the Patent Rules, and various international treaties and the regulations thereunder. The enforcement of Canadian patents is the responsibility of the Canadian Federal Court and the provincial/territorial Courts.

Inventive step and non-obviousness
The inventive step and non-obviousness reflect a general patentability requirement present in most patent laws, according to which an invention should be sufficiently inventive—i.e., non-obvious—in order to be patented. In other words, "[the] nonobviousness principle asks whether the invention is an adequate distance beyond or above the state of the art".

The expression "inventive step" is used in European Patent Convention and in Patent Cooperation Treaty, while the expression "non-obviousness" is predominantly used in United States patent law. The expression "inventiveness" is sometimes used as well. Although the basic principle is roughly the same, the assessment of the inventive step and non-obviousness varies from one country to another. For instance, the practice of the European Patent Office (EPO) differs from the practice in the United Kingdom.
Enthesis
The enthesis (plural entheses) is the connective tissue which attaches tendons or ligaments to a bone.

There are two types of entheses: fibrous entheses and fibrocartilaginous entheses.

In a fibrous enthesis, the collagenous tendon or ligament directly attaches to the bone.

In a fibrocartilaginous enthesis, the interface presents a gradient that crosses four transition zones:

Tendinous area displaying longitudinally oriented fibroblasts and a parallel arrangement of collagen fibres

Fibrocartilaginous region of variable thickness where the structure of the cells changes to chondrocytes

Abrupt transition from cartilaginous to calcified fibrocartilage—often called 'tidemark' or 'blue line'

Bone

Ligament
A ligament is a type of fibrous connective tissue in the body that connects bones to other bones. It also connects flight feathers to bones, in dinosaurs and birds. All 30,000 species of amniotes (land animals with internal bones) have ligaments.

It is also known as articular ligament, articular larua, fibrous ligament, or true ligament.
Lethrinops
Lethrinops is a genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. Particularly in the aquarium hobby, they are known as the sandeaters or sandsifters.
Cichlid fishes of the Lethrinops genus have been studied in biology and ichthyology, primarily due to their radiated speciation and rapid evolution in their native habitat of Malawi. In biology, the speciation seen in these fish is known as explosive speciation.
Numerous environmental pressures, such as overfishing, invasive species, and pollution threaten species of the Lethrinops genus. Malawi has established a national park to protect the cichlid species within the lakes.

Ernst Ahl
Christoph Gustav Ernst Ahl (1 September 1898 – 14 February 1945) was a German zoologist, born in Berlin.

He was the director of the department of ichthyology and herpetology in the Museum für Naturkunde.

He was also the editor in chief of the review Das Aquarium from 1927 to 1934.

During World War II, Ahl fought in the ranks of the Wehrmacht – in Poland, North Africa, and later, Yugoslavia. He was executed while in refuge in Yugoslavia, after the partisans found out he was a German.

He performed one of the first studies on bearded dragons determining what genus they belong to.

Ahl is commemorated in the scientific names of two species of lizard: Anolis ahli and Emoia ahli. The latter is a synonym of Emoia battersbyi.
A Midnight Visit
A Midnight Visit is an Australian multi-sensory immersive theatre experience based upon the works of Edgar Allan Poe. The audience walks at their own pace through a variety of theatrically designed rooms featuring adult concepts, uneven floors, small and large spaces, and low-level lighting. Finding themselves as co-creators of their own experience, audiences are transported into a macabre dream world, and negotiate encounters with peculiar characters who sing, act, dance and even perform circus aerials.

The Fall of the House of Usher
"The Fall of the House of Usher" is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1839 in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine, then included in the collection Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque in 1840. The short story, a work of Gothic fiction, includes themes of madness, family, isolation, and metaphysical identities.
Prince ǃGaoseb
Prince ǃGaoseb (born 7 July 1998) is a Namibian rugby union player for the Tel Aviv Heat, of which he is the captain, and the Namibia national team. His regular position is flanker.

He joined South African Currie Cup side the Blue Bulls on a two-year contract for 2017 and 2018. He made his test debut for Namibia in 2018 against Russia in Krasnodar.

Bulls (rugby union)
The Bulls (known for sponsorship reasons as the Vodacom Bulls) are a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria. They play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. They compete in the United Rugby Championship, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020 and the domestic Currie Cup competition.

The side won the Super 14 in 2007, 2009 and 2010, placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles. They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era (2006–10), winning three out of the five titles. They are the most successful South African team, and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title.

Formerly known as Northern Transvaal the side has competed in the Currie Cup since 1937 before becoming the Bulls in 1997.
Divaina
Divaina (Sinhala: දිවයින) is a Sinhala language daily newspaper published by the Upali Newspapers in Sri Lanka. A sister newspaper of The Island , Divaina was established in 1981. Its Sunday edition is the Sunday Divaina. The daily newspaper currently has a circulation of 156,000 and its Sunday edition, 340,000 per issue. The paper was founded by Upali Wijewardene, and it takes a Sinhalese Buddhist nationalist editorial stance.

Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism is a Sri Lankan political ideology which combines a focus upon Sinhalese culture and ethnicity (nationalism) with an emphasis upon Theravada Buddhism, which is the majority belief system of most of the Sinhalese in Sri Lanka. It mostly revived in reaction to the colonisation of Sri Lanka by the British Empire and became increasingly assertive in the years following the independence of the country.

Sinhalese nationalism has generally been influenced by the contents of the Mahavamsa, the major Pali chronicle, written in the 6th century.
Joseph Ladd Neal
Joseph Ladd Neal (1867–?) was an American architect who designed Richardsonian Romanesque, Shingle Style and Colonial Revival buildings.

Born in Wiscasset, Maine, the son of a hardware merchant, he apprenticed under Boston, Massachusetts architect Charles Howard Walker. He worked for Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge in Boston and James Renwick Jr. in New York City, before settling in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania about 1892. In 1893 he established a partnership with S. Alfred Hopkins, that lasted a year. A partnership with George M. Rowland lasted from 1902 to 1906.

Four of his works – Lithgow Public Library, Merrill Memorial Library, College Hill Station, Small Point Club – are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Richardsonian Romanesque
Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revival style incorporates 11th- and 12th-century southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesque characteristics. Richardson first used elements of the style in his Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York, designed in 1870, and Trinity Church in Boston is his most well-known example of this medieval revival style. Multiple architects followed in this style in the late 19th century; Richardsonian Romanesque later influenced modern styles of architecture as well.
Masters of the Universe (Hawkwind album)
Masters of the Universe is a 1977 compilation album by Hawkwind covering the years 1971 to 1974 while the group were contracted to United Artists Records. It is the group's second compilation album, after the previous year's Roadhawks, and was compiled and released without the band's input or approval.

Robert Calvert
Robert Newton Calvert (9 March 1945 – 14 August 1988) was a South African-British writer, poet, and musician. He is principally known for his role as lyricist, performance poet and lead vocalist of the space rock band Hawkwind.
2023 Louisiana House of Representatives election
The 2023 Louisiana House of Representatives election was held on October 14, 2023, with runoff elections held on November 18, 2023. All 105 seats in the Louisiana House of Representatives were up for election to four-year terms. It was held concurrently with elections for all statewide offices and the Louisiana State Senate.

Under Louisiana's jungle primary system, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party, and voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation.

Malinda White
Malinda Grace Brumfield White (born April 1967) is an American businesswoman and a former Republican member of the Louisiana House of Representatives. She previously ran as an independent and as a Democrat.
Shivnath Singh Kushwaha
Kunwar Shivnath Singh Kushwaha was an Indian politician based in Uttar Pradesh, who served as member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly for five terms. Kushwaha was also a minister in Government of Uttar Pradesh. He was in-charge of eight important ministries during his tenure. He was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Ghatampur Assembly constituency of the Kanpur district. Between 1975 and 1977, he also served as Deputy Speaker of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

Government of Uttar Pradesh
The Government of Uttar Pradesh (ISO: Uttara Pradēśa Sarakāra; often abbreviated as GoUP) is the subnational government of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh with the governor as its appointed constitutional head of the state by the President of India. The Governor of Uttar Pradesh is appointed for a period of five years and appoints the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and their council of ministers, who are vested with the executive powers of the state. The governor remains a ceremonial head of the state, while the chief minister and their council are responsible for day-to-day government functions.

The state of Uttar Pradesh's influence on Indian politics is important, and often paramount and/or a bellwether, as it sends the most members of parliament to both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the state's population being more than 200 million; approximately double that of the next-most populous state.
Drawing Hands
Drawing Hands is a lithograph by the  Dutch  artist M. C. Escher first printed in January 1948. It depicts a sheet of paper, out of which two hands rise, in the  paradoxical act of drawing one another into existence. This is one of the most obvious examples of Escher's common use of paradox.

It is referenced in the book Gödel, Escher, Bach, by Douglas Hofstadter, who calls it an example of a strange loop. It is used in Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman as an allegory for the eval and apply functions of programming language interpreters in computer science, which feed each other.

Drawing Hands has been referenced and copied many times by artists in different ways. In tech culture, robot hands draw or build each other, or a human hand and robot hand draw each other.

Eval
In some programming languages, eval, short for evaluate, is a function which evaluates a string as though it were an expression in the language, and returns a result; in others, it executes multiple lines of code as though they had been included instead of the line including the eval. The input to eval is not necessarily a string; it may be structured representation of code, such as an abstract syntax tree (like Lisp forms), or of special type such as code (as in Python). The analog for a statement is exec, which executes a string (or code in other format) as if it were a statement; in some languages, such as Python, both are present, while in other languages only one of either eval or exec is.
Mišo Kovač
Mate "Mišo" Kovač (pronounced [mǎːte mîʃo kôʋatʃ]; born 16 July 1941) is a Croatian recording artist. He is the best selling artist from Croatia and former Yugoslavia, with well over 20 million records, cassettes and compact discs sold to date, and is often regarded as one of the most popular musical performers from Southeastern Europe.

Moja domovina
"Moja domovina" (Croatian for 'My Homeland') is a Croatian patriotic song originally recorded in 1991 as a charity single by a supergroup  called Hrvatski Band Aid (Croatian Band Aid) featuring a number of prominent local musicians from all musical genres. The authors of the music and lyrics are Zrinko Tutić and Rajko Dujmić. The song was arranged by Nikša Bratoš, while the instrumental solos were composed by Damir Lipošek, Vedran Božić, and Husein Hasanefendić.

The song was released in the initial stages of the 1991–95 Croatian War of Independence and was first aired on 15 September 1991 on the public television broadcaster HRT, after the evening news programme Dnevnik.
Aldessan Burn
Located in East Dunbartonshire, the Aldessan Burn (Scottish Gaelic: Allt Easain, meaning "burn of the falls"; also known as the Kirk Burn) is formed as headwaters which descend from the Campsie Fells. The Burn flows through Campsie Glen to Clachan of Campsie and upon merging with the Finglen Burn a half-mile (1 km) to the southeast, forms the Glazert Water.

Campsie Fells
The Campsie Fells (also known as the Campsies; Scottish Gaelic: Monadh Chamaisidh) are a range of hills in central Scotland, stretching east to west from Denny Muir to Dumgoyne in Stirlingshire and overlooking Strathkelvin to the south. The southern extent of the range falls within East Dunbartonshire. The range overlooks the villages of Strathblane, Blanefield, Milton of Campsie, Lennoxtown and Torrance to the south; Killearn to the west, and Fintry and Strathendrick to the north. The Fintry Hills lie further to the north; Kilpatrick Hills lie to the west and the Kilsyth Hills to the east.
Uththara Jayamaha Vihara
Uththara Jayamaha Vihara  (Sinhala: උත්තර ජයමහා විහාරය) is an ancient Buddhist temple in Hingurana, Sri Lanka. The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka. The designation was declared on 26 December 2014 under the government Gazette number 1895.

The Sri Lanka Gazette
The Sri Lanka Gazette, officially The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජයේ ගැසට් පත්‍රය, romanized: Shrī Laṁkā Prajātāntrika Samājavādī Janarajayē Gæsaṭ Patraya; Tamil: இலங்கை ஜனநாயக சோசலிச குடியரசின் வர்த்தமானி, romanized: Ilaṅkai Jaṉanāyaka Cōcalica Kuṭiyaraciṉ Varttamāṉi) is a public journal of the Government of Sri Lanka. It prints certain statutory notices from the government. Modeled after the Oxford Gazette, the Sri Lanka Gazette is the oldest surviving newspaper in Sri Lanka, having been published continuously since 1802.
Unlike other newspapers, it does not cover general news or have a large circulation. It is printed by the Department of Government Printing.
Slingbox
The Slingbox was a TV streaming media device made by Sling Media that encoded local video for transmission over the Internet to a remote device (sometimes called placeshifting). It allowed users to remotely view and control their cable, satellite, or digital video recorder (DVR) system at home from a remote Internet-connected personal computer, smartphone, or tablet as if they were at home.

On November 9, 2020, Sling Media announced that all Slingboxes had been discontinued, and that the Slingbox servers would close on November 9, 2022, making all devices "inoperable".

Brick (electronics)
A brick (or bricked device) is an electronic device, specially consumer electronics (such as a mobile device, game console, computer, etc.) that is no longer functional. It could be due to corrupted firmware, a hardware problem, or other damage. The term analogizes the device to a brick's modern technological usefulness. "Brick" is also used as a verb to describe a device entering such a state.
Telekom Malaysia
Telekom Malaysia Berhad or simply TM is a Malaysian telecommunications company that was founded in 1984. Beginning as the national telecommunications company for fixed line, radio, and television broadcasting services, it has evolved to become the country's largest provider of broadband services, data, fixed line, pay television, and network services. TM ventured into the LTE space with the launch of TMgo, its 4G offering. TM's 850 MHz service was rebranded as unifi Mobile in January 2018.

TM represents one of the largest government-linked companies in the country, with more than 28,000 employees and a market capitalisation of more than RM25 billion.

4G
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular network technology, introduced in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Compared to preceding third-generation (3G) technologies, 4G has been designed to support all-IP communications and broadband services, and eliminates circuit switching in voice telephony. It also has considerably higher data bandwidth compared to 3G, enabling a variety of data-intensive applications such as high-definition media streaming and the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

The earliest deployed technologies marketed as "4G" were Long Term Evolution (LTE), developed by the 3GPP group, and Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Mobile WiMAX), based on IEEE specifications. These provided significant enhancements over previous 3G and 2G.
Cast in Stone
Cast in Stone is the ninth album by British heavy metal band Venom, and their first album in 12 years to feature the original lineup. Recorded at Lartington Hall Studios near Barnard Castle, it was released on SPV/Steamhammer in 1997. It is the last Venom album to feature Abaddon on drums.

Like the previous two albums, ex-Child's Play and then-current Motörhead producer Howard Benson was originally in talks to produce the album, with band frontman Cronos wanting the album to have a similar production to Motörhead's 1995 album Sacrifice. However, once again, Benson was unavailable.

Howard Benson
Howard Michael Benson (born July 20, 1956) is an American record producer from Havertown, Pennsylvania. He has been nominated for two Grammy Awards for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical in 2007 and 2008, among two wins and 16 total nominations for his productions. He is also the co-founder of the American record label Judge & Jury Records, alongside Three Days Grace drummer Neil Sanderson.
8th Platino Awards
The 8th Platino Awards recognized excellence in the Ibero-American audiovisual industry, presented by the Entidad de Gestión de Derechos de los Productores Audiovisuales (EGEDA) and the Federación Iberoamericana de Productores Cinematográficos y Audiovisuales (FIPCA). The ceremony took place at the IFEMA Palacio Municipal in Madrid, Spain on 3 October 2021, at 19:00 UTC.

The biggest winner of the night was the Colombian film Forgotten We'll Be with five awards (including Best Film, Best Actor and Best Director), whereas the Spanish limited television miniseries Patria was the most successful miniseries or TV series, winning four awards. The Platino Honorary Award was handed to Mexican actor Diego Luna.

IFEMA Palacio Municipal
The IFEMA Palacio Municipal, formerly known as Palacio Municipal de Congresos, is a convention centre in Madrid, Spain. Designed by Bofill Taller de Arquitectura, it is located near the IFEMA's main fairground complex in the Campo de las Naciones area. It is operated by IFEMA since 2019.
Owen Anderson
Owen Anderson was an American tennis player of the 1930s and 1940s.

A collegiate tennis player for the UCLA Bruins, Anderson joined the university from Hollywood High School and was the 1937 Eastern Intercollegiate Champion, beating Gardnar Mulloy in the final. In 1938, his best year on tour, he won the Irish Championships over defending title holder George Lyttleton Rogers and beat local favourite Henner Henkel to win the Wiesbaden Championships. He reached the round of 16 at the 1938 French Championships and pushed Franjo Punčec (seeded fifth) to five sets in the third round of the 1938 Wimbledon Championships.

Anderson was married to British tennis player Rita Jarvis from 1940 to 1953.

Franjo Punčec
Franjo Punčec (Serbo-Croatian: Фрањо Пунчец; [frǎːɲo pûːntʃěːts]; 25 November 1913 – 5 January 1985) was a Yugoslav tennis player. He played for the Yugoslavian team at the International Lawn Tennis Challenge from 1933 to 1946.
Guasca
Guasca is a Colombian town and municipality in the Guavio Province, part of the Cundinamarca Department located approximately 55 km from Bogotá passing through the town of La Calera, Cundinamarca or 65 km passing through Sopó. Guasca borders the municipalities Tocancipá and Guatavita in the north, Junín in the east, in the south La Calera and in the west Sopó.

Guavio Province
The Guavio Province (Spanish: Provincia del Guavio) is one of the 15 provinces in the Cundinamarca department, Colombia. Guavio borders the Capital District of Bogotá and the Central Savanna Province to the west, to the north the Almeidas Province, to the east the Boyacá Department and Medina Province and to the south the Meta Department and the Eastern Province. The Alberto Lleras Dam is also located in this area. The eastern municipalities Gachalá and Ubalá are rich in emeralds.
Raghu Thatha
Raghu Thatha (/ˈrəɡuθɑːθɑː/ transl. Grandfather Raghu) is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language political comedy film written and directed by Suman Kumar, in his directorial debut. The film is produced by Vijay Kiragandur under Hombale Films, in their first Tamil venture. It stars Keerthy Suresh, alongside M. S. Bhaskar, Ravindra Vijay, Devadarshini, Anandsami, Rajeev Ravindranathan, Jayakumar, Aadhira Pandilakshmi, Janaki and Rajesh Balachandran. The film revolves around a feminist who struggles to maintain her principles in a patriarchal society.

Raghu Thatha was officially announced in December 2022. Principal photography commenced the same month and wrapped by late May 2023. The film has music composed by Sean Roldan, cinematography handled by Yamini Yagnamurthy and editing by T. S. Suresh. Raghu Thatha was released in theatres on 15 August 2024, coinciding with India's Independence Day.

Vijay Kiragandur
Vijay Kiragandur (born 3 October 1976) is an Indian film producer and distributor, predominantly active in the Kannada film industry. He is the founder of Hombale Films production company. Notable films he has produced include Raajakumara, the KGF film series and Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire.

Vijay has won two National Film Awards for the films KGF: Chapter 2 and Kantara.