hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mbunda people
The Mbunda or Vambunda (singular Kambunda, adjective and language Mbunda, Mbúùnda or Chimbúùnda) are a Bantu people who, during the Bantu migrations, came from the north to south-eastern Angola and finally Barotseland, now part of Zambia. Their core is at present found in the south-east of Angola from the Lunguevungu river in Moxico to the Cuando Province.

The Mbunda comprise a number of subgroups, each of which speaks its own dialect: Mbunda Mathzi (Katavola), Yauma, Nkangala, Mbalango, Sango, Shamuka (Chiyengele) and Ndundu, all of them alive in southeast Angola. The Mbunda are often included as part of the Ganguela, a term used to describe a heterogeneous group of loosely affiliated peoples west of the Bié Plateau.

Luchazi
Luchazi (Lucazi, Chiluchazi) is a Bantu language of Angola and Zambia. Luchazi is the principal language of the Ngangela Group. Ngangela is a term coined by the Vimbundu traders and missionaries in 18th century to describe the tribes occupying the area of eastern-central Angola.
Caspar C 35
The Caspar C 35 Priwall (for the Priwall Peninsula) was a German airliner of the late 1920s, of which only a single example was built. It was a large, single-engine, single-bay biplane of conventional configuration with fixed tailskid undercarriage. The staggered, equal-span wings were braced with a large I-strut. Not only were the passengers seated within a fully enclosed cabin, but the flight deck was fully enclosed as well.

The sole C 35 was operated by Deutsche Luft Hansa, christened Rostock. It was destroyed in July 1930.

Deutsche Luft Hansa
Deutsche Luft Hansa A.G. (from 1933 styled as Deutsche Lufthansa and also known as Luft Hansa, Lufthansa, or DLH) was a German airline, established in 1926. It served as the flag carrier of the country during the later years of the Weimar Republic and throughout the era of Nazi Germany, when it had close links to the Nazi Party. It ceased operations in April 1945, in the final stages of the Second World War.

Although Deutsche Luft Hansa was the forerunner of modern German airline Lufthansa (founded in 1953) and both airlines share the same logo, there is no legal connection between the two. However, the new Lufthansa took over staff from the old airline and claims DLH's legacy. For this reason it is controversial in the historical reappraisal to what extent the modern Lufthansa should confess to crimes committed by the old airline.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Michigan
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Michigan refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its members in Michigan. Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints arrived in Michigan in the 1830s, and while the Church did not continue to have an organized presence in the state from the late 1850s into the 1870s, missionary work was reopened then by Cyrus Wheelock and has progressed steadily since.

The official church membership as a percentage of general population was 0.44% in 2014. According to the 2014 Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey, less than 1% of Michiganders self-identify themselves most closely with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The LDS Church is the 13th largest denomination in Michigan.

Today there are more than 45,000 church members in the state in nearly 100 congregations. A temple in Detroit was dedicated in 1999 with a temple announced to be constructed in Grand Rapids.

Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world. It also conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, random sample survey research, and panel based surveys,  media content analysis, and other empirical social science research.

The Pew Research Center states it does not take policy stances. It is a subsidiary of the Pew Charitable Trusts and a charter member of the American Association of Public Opinion Research's Transparency Initiative.
Pallavi Seshayyar
Pallavi Seshayyer (1842–1909) was a composer of Carnatic music, who followed the traditions of the famous composer Tyagaraja. Seshayyar was a singer in the court of the king of Mysore. As a singer, he was an expert of the techniques of Ragam-Thanam-Pallavi, a unique style of singing Carnatic music. This expertise gave him his epithet Pallavi Seshayyar. He could also compose exploiting rare Ragas.

Seshayyar was born in Neykkarapatti, a village near Salem, Tamil Nadu. His father was also a student of Tyagaraja. Seshayyar learnt many of the songs composed by Tyagaraja from his father.

Later in life Seshayyar moved to Madras and taught a number of students. Seshayyar mainly composed in Sanskrit and Telugu.

Ragam Thanam Pallavi
Ragam Tanam Pallavi (RTP) is a form of singing in Carnatic music which allows the musicians to improvise to a great extent. It is one of the most complete aspects of Indian classical music, demonstrating the entire gamut of talents and the depth of knowledge of the musician. It incorporates raga alapana, tanam, niraval, and kalpanaswara. In more elaborate ragam tanam pallavis, a tani avartanam may follow.
Landesliga Bayern-Nordost
The Landesliga Bayern-Nordost (English: State league Bavaria-Northeast) is currently the sixth tier of the German football league system in northeastern Bavaria and the third tier of the Bavarian football league system.

It is one of five Landesligas in Bavaria, the other four being the Landesliga Südwest, Landesliga Mitte, Landesliga Nordwest and Landesliga Südost. The league champion automatically qualifies for the Bayernliga, the runners-up needs to compete with the runners-up of the other four Landesligas and a number of Bayernliga teams for another promotion spot.

The league replaced the Landesliga Bayern-Nord and the Landesliga Bayern-Mitte at this level, both formed in 1963, with the former disbanded in 2012 while the latter was reduced in area of coverage. The new Landesliga Nordost covers eastern Upper Franconia, formerly part of the Landesliga Nord, and the northern parts of Upper Palatinate and Middle Franconia, formerly part of the Landesliga Mitte.

Middle Franconia
Middle Franconia (German: Mittelfranken, pronounced [ˈmɪtl̩ˌfʁaŋkŋ̍] ⓘ) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia, Germany, in the west of Bavaria bordering the state of Baden-Württemberg. The administrative seat is Ansbach; the most populous and largest city is Nuremberg.
Beachy Head West
Beachy Head West Marine Conservation Zone are two spatially separate areas in the English Channel, off the East Sussex coast.  They stretch from Brighton Marina in the city of Brighton and Hove to Beachy Head near Eastbourne, with a gap at the mouth of the River Ouse near Newhaven.  It covers an area of around 24 square kilometres (9.3 sq mi).

This area includes the Heritage Coast within the South Downs National Park, the eastern half of the UNESCO Brighton and Lewes Downs Biosphere Reserve and part of the Seven Sisters Voluntary Marine Conservation Area.

The two sites contains some of the best examples of underwater chalk habitat in the south-east of England.  The chalk reefs and gullies support specialised communities of animals and seaweeds including the rare short-snouted seahorse.

Heritage coast
A heritage coast is a strip of coastline in England and Wales, the extent of which is defined by agreement between the relevant statutory national agency and the relevant local authority. Such areas are recognised for their natural beauty, wildlife and heritage and amongst the purposes of definition is support for these qualities and enabling enjoyment of them by the public. For England this national agency is Natural England (having formerly been the Countryside Agency) and for Wales it is Natural Resources Wales (which took over the role from its predecessor body, Countryside Council for Wales).
Jiaonan
Jiaonan (simplified Chinese: 胶南; traditional Chinese: 膠南; pinyin: Jiāonán) was a former county and county-level city under the administration of Qingdao, Shandong province, China, located in the southwestern portion of Qingdao along the Yellow Sea coast. In 1945, as Zhushan County (Chinese: 珠山縣; pinyin: Zhūshān Xiàn) it was carved from Jiao County and Qingdao City, and in 1946, renamed as Jiaonan County, deriving its name from its southern location relative to Jiaozhou Bay. In 1990, it was upgraded to a county-level city. Jiaonan has 7 subdistricts and 11 towns. In December 2012, it was merged into Huangdao District.

Yellow Sea
The Yellow Sea (simplified Chinese: 黄海; traditional Chinese: 黃海; pinyin: Huáng Hǎi; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ; Korean: 황해; Hanja: 黃海; RR: Hwanghae), also known as the North Sea, is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula, and can be considered the northwestern part of the East China Sea.
Sainte-Marie-de-Chignac
Sainte-Marie-de-Chignac (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t maʁi də ʃiɲak]; Limousin: Chinhac) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune Boulazac Isle Manoire.

Limousin dialect
Limousin (French name, pronounced [limuzɛ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: lemosin, pronounced [lemuˈzi]) is a dialect of the Occitan language, spoken in the three departments of Limousin, parts of Charente and the Dordogne in the southwest of France.

The first Occitan documents are in an early form of this dialect, particularly the Boecis, written around the year 1000.

Limousin is used primarily by people over age 50 in rural communities. All speakers speak French as a first or second language. Due to the French single language policy, it is not recognised by the government and therefore considered endangered by the linguistic community. A revivalist movement around the Félibrige and the Institut d'Estudis Occitans is active in Limousin (as well as in other parts of Occitania).
Bhitarwar Assembly constituency
Bhitarwar Assembly constituency is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 2008, following the delimitation of the assembly constituencies. This constituency covers parts of the erstwhile Gird and Dabra constituencies.

Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha, or the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in India.

The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Bhopal, the capital of the state. It is housed in the Vidhan Bhavan, an imposing building located at the center of the Capital Complex in the Arera Hill locality of Bhopal city. The term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. Presently, it comprises 230 members who are directly elected from single-seat constituencies. 35
constituencies are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 47 are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes.
Chris Hirata
Christopher Michael Hirata (born November 30, 1982) is a Japanese-American cosmologist and astrophysicist.

Hirata was 13 years old when he won the gold medal in 1996 at the International Physics Olympiad. He received  a bachelor's degree in Physics at Caltech  in 2001, at the age of 18. He received his PhD under the supervision of Uroš Seljak in 2005 from Princeton University in Astrophysics (thesis: "Weak Gravitational Lensing Theory and Data Analysis"). From 2005 to 2007 he was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study. From 2006 to 2012, he was assistant professor and then full professor at Caltech before moving to the Ohio State University the following academic year in the same capacity. He is currently a professor at OSU's Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP).

International Physics Olympiad
The International Physics Olympiad (IPhO) is an annual physics competition for high school students. It is one of the International Science Olympiads.  The first IPhO was held in Warsaw, Poland in 1967.

Each national delegation is made up of at most five student competitors plus two leaders, selected on a national level. Observers may also accompany a national team.  The students compete as individuals, and must sit for intensive theoretical and laboratory examinations. For their efforts the students can be awarded gold, silver, or bronze medals or an honourable mention.

The theoretical examination lasts 5 hours and consists of three questions.  Usually these questions involve more than one part.  The practical examination may consist of one laboratory examination of five hours, or two, which together take up the full five hours.
Corporate donations
The term corporate donation refers to any financial contribution made by a corporation to another organization that furthers the contributor's own objectives. Two major kinds of such donations deserve specific consideration, charitable as well as political donations.

According to a 2020 study of large United States–based corporations, "6.3 percent of corporate charitable giving may be politically motivated, an amount 2.5 times larger than annual PAC contributions and 35 percent of federal lobbying. Absent of disclosure requirements, charitable giving may be a form of corporate political influence undetected by voters and subsidized by taxpayers."

Nomos Publishing
Nomos Publishing (Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft in German) is an academic publisher focusing on law, the humanities, and social sciences. It is one of the prominent publishers of books and journals in those fields in German speaking world and is based in Baden-Baden. Nomos publishes over 60 journals which range from magazines for practitioners to also highly specialized scientific ones of which several are the leaders in their respective fields.
Jarčja Dolina
Jarčja Dolina (pronounced [ˈjaːɾtʃa dɔˈliːna]) is a dispersed settlement in a small valley west of Selo in the Municipality of Žiri in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. Rupe, in the eastern part of the settlement, was formerly an independent settlement known as Rupe pri Selu.

Municipality of Žiri
The Municipality of Žiri (pronounced [ʒiˈɾiː] ⓘ or [ˈʒiːɾi]; Slovene: Občina Žiri) is a municipality in northwestern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Žiri. The area is part of the traditional Upper Carniola region. The entire municipality is now included in the Upper Carniola Statistical Region.
Pašić
Pašić (Serbian Cyrillic: Пашић) is a South Slavic surname derived from Paša. Notable people with the surname include:

Feliks Pašić (1939–2010), Serbian theatre and literary critic, publicist, journalist and translator

Ilijas Pašić (1934–2015), retired Yugoslav football player and coach

Tatjana Pašić (born 1964), Serbian politician

Nikola Pašić (1845–1926), Serbian politician and diplomat

Nikola Pasic (ice hockey) (born 2000), Serbian ice hockey player

Predrag Pašić (born 1958), retired Bosnian football player

Teofil Pašić (c. 1700–1759), Ruthenian and Croatian Greek Catholic hierarch

South Slavic languages
The South Slavic languages are one of three branches of the Slavic languages. There are approximately 30 million speakers, mainly in the Balkans. These are separated geographically from speakers of the other two Slavic branches (West and East) by a belt of Austrian German, Hungarian and Romanian speakers.
Jill McGown
Jill McGown (9 August 1947 in Campbeltown, Scotland – 6 April 2007 in Kettering, Northamptonshire) was a British writer of mystery novels. She was best known for her mystery series featuring Inspector Lloyd and Judy Hill, one of which (A Shred of Evidence) was made into a television drama in 2001 starring Philip Glenister and Michelle Collins. McGown wrote her first mystery novel after being laid off from the British Steel Corporation in 1980. She is sometimes credited as Elizabeth Chaplin.

Michelle Collins
Michelle Danielle Collins (born 28 May 1962) is a British actress. She is known for her role as Cindy Beale in the BBC soap opera EastEnders (1988–1990, 1992–1998, 2023–present), as well as appearing as Stella Price in ITV's Coronation Street (2011–2014). Her other notable television roles include the BBC dramas Real Women (1998–1999), Sunburn (1999–2000) and Two Thousand Acres of Sky (2001–2003).
Eliza Wheeler
Eliza Wheeler (born December 21, 1982) is an American writer and illustrator of children's books. She wrote and illustrated Miss Maple's Seeds (Penguin), which debuted on the New York Times Bestseller list and has sold more than a million copies. She is also the illustrator of Holly Black's 2014 Newbery Medal Honor Book Doll Bones (McElderry Books), Alison McGhee's Tell Me A Tattoo Story, Pat Zietlow-Miller's Wherever You Go, and Mara Rockliff's The Grudge Keeper (Peachtree). She lives in Los Angeles, California. She is a 2006 graduate of the University of Wisconsin–Stout with a BFA in Graphic Design.

University of Wisconsin–Stout
The University of Wisconsin–Stout (UW–Stout or Stout) is a public university in Menomonie, Wisconsin, United States. The polytechnic university of the University of Wisconsin System, it enrolls more than 6,900 students. The school was founded in 1891 and named in honor of its founder, lumber magnate James Huff Stout.

UW–Stout provides focused programs "related to professional careers in industry, technology, home economics, applied art, and the helping professions." UW–Stout offers more than 50 undergraduate majors and 22 graduate majors, including 2 advanced graduate majors and a doctorate.
Brigitte Rohde
Brigitte Köhn (née Rohde; born 8 October 1954) is a retired East German sprinter who specialised in the 400 metres and later 400 metres hurdles.

She won a gold medal in 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1974 European Championships, together with teammates Waltraud Dietsch, Ellen Streidt and Angelika Handt. At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal she won another gold medal in same event, with her teammates Doris Maletzki, 400 m silver medalist Christina Brehmer and 400 m bronze medalist Ellen Streidt.

After the 1976 Olympics she married, bore a child and changed event to the 400 metres hurdles. She placed fourth in her new event at the 1978 European Championships.

She competed for the club SC Neubrandenburg during her active career.

4 × 400 metres relay
The 4 × 400 metres relay or long relay is an athletics track event in which teams consist of four runners who each complete 400 metres or one lap, totaling 1600 meters. It is traditionally the final event of a track meet. The first leg and the first bend of the second leg are run in lanes. Start lines are thus staggered over a greater distance than in an individual 400 metres race; the runners then typically move to the inside of the track. The slightly longer 4 × 440 yards relay, on an Imperial distance, was a formerly run British Commonwealth and American event, until metrication was completed in the 1970s.
Live with Yourself!
Live with Yourself! (LWY) is a science fiction comedy webtoon series written and drawn by Andrew "Shen" Tsyaston and David J. Catman. Initially created by the former before passing creative control to the latter, it follows computer support worker Todd as he is split into four versions of himself (Todd, Tomo, Oldie, and Babs) from different times following a mad science experiment gone-wrong, who he becomes roommates with, his three older selves raising his younger self while dealing with both slice-of-life shenanigans and a serialised plot involving a future time civil war.

Released to the webtoon platform Webtoon, later made available to read via Webtoon Canvas (i.e. making a free Webtoon account and logging in), it was published across 542 episodes from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2024. Live with Yourself! received a positive critical reception, being nominating for the 2023 Ringo Award for Best Humor Webcomic.

Ringo Awards
The Mike Wieringo Comic Book Industry Awards, commonly shortened to the Ringo Awards, are prizes given for achievement in comic books. They are named in honor of artist Mike Wieringo and they were founded by the Reisterstown, Maryland–based Cards, Comics, & Collectibles shop alongside the Ringo Awards Committee in 2017, their ceremony meant to succeed the Harvey Awards which left the Baltimore Comic-Con as its venue in 2016.

The Ringo Awards are nominated by an open vote among comic-book professionals and fans. The winners are selected from the top two fan choices as the first two nominees and the professional jury selects the remaining three nominees in each category.
Hans Ziglarski
Hans Ziglarski (Polish: Jan Żyglarski, 16 October 1905 in Białystok, Russian Empire – 12 February 1975) was a Polish-German boxer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics and in the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In 1928 he lost his first fight against Vince Glionna and was eliminated in the first round of the bantamweight competition. Four years later he won the silver medal in the bantamweight class after losing the final against Horace Gwynne. After World War II, Ziglarski went to Tehran and coached the Iranian boxer Emmanuel Agassi, the father of tennis player Andre Agassi.

Boxing at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Bantamweight
The men's bantamweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the second-lightest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 118 pounds (53.5 kilograms). The competition was held from Tuesday, August 7, 1928 to Saturday, August 11, 1928.
Ed McCaskey
Edward W. McCaskey (April 27, 1919 – April 8, 2003) was an American football executive who was the chairman of the Chicago Bears. The husband of Bears principal owner Virginia Halas McCaskey, he also served as vice president and treasurer for the team.

Brian Piccolo
Louis Brian Piccolo (October 31, 1943 – June 16, 1970) was an American professional football player who was a halfback for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) for four years. He played college football for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons. He died at age 26 from embryonal cell carcinoma, an aggressive form of germ cell testicular cancer, first diagnosed after it had spread to his chest cavity.

Piccolo was the subject of the 1971 TV movie Brian's Song, with a remake TV movie of the same name filmed in 2001. He was portrayed in the original film by James Caan and by Sean Maher in the 2001 remake.
Battle of Fellaoucene
The Battle of Fellaoucene took place near Tlemcen on 20 April 1957 during the Algerian War of Independence.

The battle coincided with the 16th day of Ramadan, when 30,000 French colonial soldiers equipped with heavy weapons and supported by tanks, 30 reconnaissance planes and 12 helicopters were sent to encounter 330 mujahideen of the Algerian National Liberation Front armed with makeshift rifles. The FLN militants put up a strong resistance against the French colonial army. As a result of the battle, the Algerians heavily defeated the French colonial army which lost 500 to 700 soldiers killed, 400 seriously wounded and 1 aircraft shot down, while the Algerians only had 120 killed and 60 wounded. A few days later, the French army took revenge by bombarding the entire region of Fellaoucene and the Trara mountains from Nedroma to Ghazaouet with napalm bombs and transferring the population.

Nedroma
Nedroma (Arabic: ندرومة) is a city in Tlemcen Province, in northwestern Algeria, about  77 kilometres (48 mi) from Tlemcen.  Once the capital of Trara, it was built on the ruins of a Berber town by Abd al-Mu'min the Almohad caliph. It has a great Islamic history, with its Great Mosque of Nedroma once containing the earliest surviving Almoravid minbar. Nedroma became a
UNESCO World Heritage in 2002 for its cultural importance.