hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stovall v. Denno
Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293 (1967), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that held that a pretrial identification not covered by the Sixth Amendment right to counsel should be excluded if it was so unnecessarily suggestive as to violate due process.

Right to counsel
In criminal law, the right to counsel means a defendant has a legal right to have the assistance of counsel (i.e., lawyers) and, if the defendant cannot afford a lawyer, requires that the government  appoint one or pay the defendant's legal expenses. The right to counsel is generally regarded as a constituent of the right to a fair trial. Historically, however, not all countries have always recognized the right to counsel. The right is often included in national constitutions. Of the 194 constitutions currently in force, 153 have language to this effect.
Chyšná
Chyšná is a municipality and village in Pelhřimov District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Chyšná lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-west of Pelhřimov, 42 km (26 mi) north-west of Jihlava, and 74 km (46 mi) south-east of Prague.

Pelhřimov
Pelhřimov (German: Pilgrams) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Leo G. Perdue
Leo G. Perdue (1946-2017) was "one of the leading international scholars in the field of biblical wisdom" and "Dean and Professor of Hebrew Bible at Brite Divinity School", Fort Worth, Texas and editor for The Library of Biblical Theology at Abingdon Press and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht's Library of Wisdom.

Leo Garrett Perdue was a First American (Chickasaw Nation) born in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma. Perdue authored several books, monographs, and commentaries.

Abingdon Press
Abingdon Press is the book publishing arm of the United Methodist Publishing House which publishes sheet music, ministerial resources, Bible-study aids, and other items, often with a focus on Methodism and Methodists.
Temple Hills–Marlow Heights Line
The Temple Hills–Marlow Heights Line, designated Route H12, was a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Naylor Road station of the Green Line of the Washington Metro and Heather Hill Apartment Complex in Temple Hills, Maryland, via the Iverson Mall and the Marlow Heights Shopping Center. The line operated 35 minutes Monday-Friday and 60 minutes on weekends. Trips were roughly 30 minutes long.

Potomac Avenue station
Potomac Avenue station is an island-platformed Washington Metro station in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, D.C., U.S.. The station was opened on July 1, 1977, and is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). The station currently provides service for the Blue, Orange, and Silver Lines and is located near the neighborhood border of Hill East.
West Quantoxhead
West Quantoxhead (St Audries) is a small village and civil parish in Somerset, England. It lies on the route of the Coleridge Way and on the A39 road at the foot of the Quantock Hills, 3 miles (5 km) from East Quantoxhead, 2.5 miles (4 km) from Williton and equidistant from Bridgwater and Taunton. The parish includes the hamlets of Weacombe and Lower Weacombe.

West  Quantoxhead is also known as St Audries. The St Audries Manor Estate was named for the dedication of the parish church to Æthelthryth known as St Ethelreda, who was also known as St Audrey.

Bridgwater
Bridgwater is a historic market town and civil parish in Somerset, England. The town had a population of 41,276 at the 2021 census. Bridgwater is at the edge of the Somerset Levels, in level and well-wooded country. The town lies along both sides of the River Parrett; it has been a major inland port and trading centre since the industrial revolution. Most of its industrial bases still stand today. Its larger neighbour, Taunton, is linked to Bridgwater via a canal, the M5 motorway and the Bristol–Exeter railway line.

Historically, the town had a politically radical tendency. The Battle of Sedgemoor, where the Monmouth Rebellion was finally crushed in 1685, was fought nearby. Notable buildings include the Church of St Mary and Blake Museum, which is a largely restored house in Blake Street and was the birthplace of Admiral Blake in 1598. The town has an arts centre and plays host to the annual Bridgwater Guy Fawkes Carnival.
Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2011
The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Adriana Lima, Alessandra Ambrosio, Candice Swanepoel, Doutzen Kroes, Miranda Kerr, Erin Heatherton, Behati Prinsloo, Lindsay Ellingson, Lily Aldridge, and Chanel Iman. Lais Ribeiro also received billing.

The 16th fashion show featured some the new Angels (Karlie Kloss being the only newcomer to walk three times since 2006) and also the returning Angels. There were special performances by Kanye West, Maroon 5, Jay-Z, and Nicki Minaj.

Billing (performing arts)
Billing is a performing arts term used in referring to the order and other aspects of how credits are presented for plays, films, television, or other creative works. Information given in billing usually consists of the companies, actors, directors, producers, and other crew members.
Żołędowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Żołędowo [ʐɔwɛnˈdɔvɔ] (German: Mittelfelde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drawsko Pomorskie, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) south of Drawsko Pomorskie and 85 km (53 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 50.

Drawsko Pomorskie
Drawsko Pomorskie [ˈdrafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] (until 1948 Polish: Drawsko; German: Dramburg) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Drawsko County and the urban-rural commune of Gmina Drawsko Pomorskie. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 11,292. It is home to the Drawsko Training Ground, one of the largest training areas in Poland.
Ernst Hermann Riesenfeld
Ernst Hermann Riesenfeld (25 October 1877 – 19 May 1957) was a German/Swedish chemist. Riesenfeld started his academic career with important contributions in electrochemistry by the side of his mentor Walther Nernst, and continued as a professor with work on the improvement of analytical techniques and the purification of ozone. Dismissed and prosecuted in Nazi Germany due to his Jewish origins, he emigrated to Sweden in 1934 and continued his ozone-related work there until retirement.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Rhodes–Haverty Building
The historic 21-story Rhodes–Haverty Building was, at the time of its construction in 1929, the tallest building in Atlanta, Georgia. Designed by Atlanta architects Pringle and Smith, the building was built by furniture magnates A. G. Rhodes of Rhodes Furniture and J. J. Haverty of Havertys.  It remained the tallest building in Atlanta until 1954.

The National Register of Historic Places listed the building in 1979. The building was converted from office use in 1995-1996 to become a Marriott Residence Inn, the Residence Inn Atlanta Downtown.

Magnate
A magnate was a man from the higher nobility, a man who belonged to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops, archbishops and cardinals. In reference to the medieval, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords, such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage. In Poland the szlachta (nobles) constituted one of the largest proportions of the population (around 10–12%) and 'magnat' refers to the richest nobles, or nobles of the nobility - even though they had equal voting rights in Poland's electoral monarchy.
Eduardo Jozami
Eduardo Jozami (13 October 1939 – 27 September 2024) was an Argentine academic, human rights activist, journalist, political prisoner and politician. A member of the Communist Party of Argentina, the Broad Front and the Justicialist Party, he served in the Buenos Aires City Legislature from 1993 to 1997 and in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies from 1997 to 2000.

Jozami died on 27 September 2024 in Buenos Aires, at the age of 84.

Buenos Aires City Legislature
The Buenos Aires City Legislature (Spanish: Legislatura de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, commonly known as the Legislatura Porteña) is the legislative power of the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is housed in the Legislature Palace (Spanish: Palacio de la Legislatura), an architectural landmark in the barrio of Montserrat.
Bashir Ahmed (field hockey, born 1941)
Bashir Ahmed (born 1941) is a retired Bangladeshi international field hockey player and is the first Bengali player to represent the Pakistan men's national field hockey team. He was also a prominent football player and referee.

National Football Championship (Pakistan)
The National Football Championship, known as National A-Division Football Championship between 1992 and 1994, was the men's highest level football competition from 1948 to 2003. Founded by the Pakistan Football Federation (PFF) in 1948, it was usually held as a knockout representative tournament, with teams fielded by provincial and divisional associations alongside departmental teams. Between 1992 and 1994, the competition briefly adopted a revamped league format, before reverting to knockouts. It was replaced by the Pakistan Premier League in 2004 as part of efforts to professionalise domestic football.

Karachi based Pakistan Airlines is the most successful team, winning the competition nine times.
Gerhard Hochschild
Gerhard Paul Hochschild (April 29, 1915 in Berlin – July 8, 2010 in El Cerrito, California) was a German-born American mathematician who worked on Lie groups, algebraic groups, homological algebra and algebraic number theory.

Algebraic number theory
Algebraic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses the techniques of abstract algebra to study the integers, rational numbers, and their generalizations. Number-theoretic questions are expressed in terms of properties of algebraic objects such as algebraic number fields and their rings of integers, finite fields, and function fields. These properties, such as whether a ring admits unique factorization, the behavior of ideals, and the Galois groups of fields, can resolve questions of primary importance in number theory, like the existence of solutions to Diophantine equations.
2017–18 Goa Professional League
The 2017–18 Goa Professional League is the 20th season of the Goa Professional League, the top football league in the Indian state of Goa, since its establishment 1996. The league began on 1 October 2017 and will conclude in March 2018.

The first phase of the league matches are being played at the Duler Stadium and second phase of the league matches will be played at the Tilak Maidan.

Salgaocar are the defending champions.

Goa Football League
The Goa Football League is a ladder-based football competition in the Indian state of Goa, organised by the Goa Football Association as part of the state leagues. It was formed in 1951 as the Goa Primeira Divisão or Goa First Division, and the current top division consists of the Goa Professional League (abbreviated as GPL, also known as the CAM Goa Pro League for sponsorship reasons) which is the premier state-level football league in Goa. Dempo is the most successful club in the tournament, with sixtteen titles.
2153 Akiyama
2153 Akiyama, provisional designation 1978 XD, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 kilometers in diameter.

The asteroid was discovered by staff members at the George R. Agassiz Station of the Harvard College Observatory on 1 December 1978, and named Japanese astronomer Kaoru Akiyama.

Harvard College Observatory
The Harvard College Observatory (HCO) is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy. It is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, and was founded in 1839. With the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, it forms part of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian.

HCO houses the Harvard Plate Stacks, a collection of approximately 600,000 astronomical plates taken between the mid-1880s and 1989 (with a gap from 1953–1968). This 100-year coverage is a unique resource for studying temporal variations in the universe. The Digital Access to a Sky Century @ Harvard project scanned and 429,274 direct image plates, leaving nearly 200,000 spectra and other photographic plates yet to be digitized. In 2024, a new database, StarGlass, was created to combine the scientific data from the plates with the Plate Stack's archival holdings.
Miners' Convalescent Home
The Miners' Convalescent Home was a convalescent home for miners in the seaside resort of Blackpool, Lancashire, England. It was built 1925–27 for Lancashire and Cheshire miners and was opened by Edward, Prince of Wales. In 1995, English Heritage designated the home a Grade II listed building.

The building was designed by Bolton architecture firm Bradshaw Gass & Hope in the Baroque Revival style. It has a symmetrical plan and is on three storeys. It is constructed of red brick with terracotta dressings; the hipped roofs are slate. The central bays are recessed between projecting wings. Towards the rear of the building there is a tower with an ogee cap.

The building continued to function as a convalescent home until the 1980s; in 2005 it was turned into apartments.

Seaside resort
A seaside resort is a city, town, village, or hotel that serves as a vacation resort and is located on a coast. Sometimes the concept includes an aspect of an official accreditation based on the satisfaction of certain requirements such as in the German Seebad. Where a beach is the primary focus for tourists, it may be called a beach resort.
Bohrmans Mill (Pennsylvania)
Bohrman's Mill is a water-powered gristmill built in 1815 in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. The mill was located outside the town of Orwigsburg, along Mahonney Creek, which flows from Second Mountain. The mill was primarily used for grinding cornmeal and hulling oats, using a 20-foot overshot water wheel, later switching to a turbine system.

The earliest known proprietor of the mill was George Heebner; another owner, Daniel Boyer, maintained the mill from 1865 to 1894. Since 1894 until its closing, the mill and subsequent farm was owned and operated by the Bohrman family. Though the mill no longer exists, like most others in Schuylkill County, the homes and several supporting structures still stand. The area around the old farm keeps the name Bohrman's Mill.

The Bohrman family has surviving members in Orwigsburg, and several other places throughout Pennsylvania.

Mill Site -Early 1900s Trolley Tracks

Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
Schuylkill County (/ˈskuːlkɪl/, locally /-kəl/; Pennsylvania Dutch: Schulkill Kaundi) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 143,049. The county seat is Pottsville. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state.

The county is part of the Pottsville micropolitan statistical area, and borders eight  counties: Berks and Lebanon counties to its south, Dauphin and Northumberland counties to its west, Columbia and Luzerne counties to its north, and Carbon and Lehigh counties to its east. The county is approximately 47 miles (76 km) west of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 97 miles (156 km) northwest of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.

The county was created on March 1, 1811, from parts of Berks and Northampton counties and named for the Schuylkill River, which originates in the county. On March 3, 1818, additional territory in its northeast was added from Columbia and Luzerne counties.
Sortase A
Sortase A (EC 3.4.22.70, SrtA, SrtA protein, SrtA sortase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses a cell wall sorting reaction, in which a surface protein with a sorting signal containing a LPXTG motif, is cleaved between the Thr and Gly residue.

This enzyme belongs to the peptidase family C60.

Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products. They do this by cleaving the peptide bonds within proteins by hydrolysis, a reaction where water breaks bonds. Proteases are involved in numerous biological pathways, including digestion of ingested proteins, protein catabolism (breakdown of old proteins), and cell signaling.

In the absence of functional accelerants, proteolysis would be very slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteases can be found in all forms of life and viruses. They have independently evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms.
Hydridotetrakis(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I)
Hydridotetrakis(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) is the coordination complex with the formula HRh[P(C6H5)3]4.  It consists of a Rh(I) center complexed to four triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligands and one hydride. The molecule has idealized C3v symmetry.   The compound is a homogeneous catalyst for hydrogenation and related reactions.  It is a yellow solid that dissolves in aromatic solvents.

Hydride
In chemistry, a hydride is formally the anion of hydrogen (H−), a hydrogen ion with two electrons. In modern usage, this is typically only used for ionic bonds, but it is sometimes (and has been more frequently in the past) applied to all compounds containing covalently bound H atoms. In this broad and potentially archaic sense, water (H2O) is a hydride of oxygen, ammonia is a hydride of nitrogen, etc. In covalent compounds, it implies hydrogen is attached to a less electronegative element. In such cases, the H centre has nucleophilic character, which contrasts with the protic character of acids. The hydride anion is very rarely observed.

Almost all of the elements up to Cf form binary compounds with hydrogen, the exceptions being He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Pm, Rn, Fr, and Ra. Exotic molecules such as positronium hydride have also been made.
Turner Ashby Monument
The Turner Ashby Monument is a memorial placed in 1898 to mark the place at which Confederate Army Colonel Turner Ashby was killed in the 1862 Battle of Good's Farm.  It is located at the end of Turner Ashby Lane in a small privately maintained park that is open to the public.  It consists of a granite shaft, its sides finished roughly except for the inscription panel, with a similarly cut pyramidal top.  It is set on a limestone base.  Its 1898 dedication ceremony was attended by 5,000 people, and typifies emblems of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy.

The monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

Battle of Good's Farm
The Battle of Good's Farm was a short skirmish between the Confederates and the Union in Jackson's Valley Campaign in the American Civil War. During the fighting, Confederate cavalry officer Turner Ashby was killed.
Cover symbol
In linguistics, cover symbols (sometimes informally called wildcards, analogous to wildcard characters in computing) are broad letters or symbols used to represent classes of sounds. Such systems are useful for describing sound changes in historical linguistics, phonotactics in phonology, and ambiguous or underspecified identification in phonetics.

Wildcard character
In software, a wildcard character is a kind of placeholder represented by a single character, such as an asterisk (*), which can be interpreted as a number of literal characters or an empty string. It is often used in file searches so the full name need not be typed.
French submarine Argo
Argo was a French Navy Redoutable-class submarine of the M6 series commissioned in 1933. She participated in World War II, first on the side of the Allies from 1939 to June 1940, then in the navy of Vichy France until November 1942, and finally in the Free French Naval Forces through the end of the war. Along with Archimède, Casabianca, Le Centaure, and Le Glorieux, she was one of only five out of the 31 Redoutable-class submarines to survive the war.

French North Africa
French North Africa (French: Afrique du Nord française; Arabic: شمال إفريقيا الفرنسية) is a term that is often applied to the three territories that were controlled by France in the Maghreb region of North Africa during the colonial era, comprising Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. In contrast to French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa, which existed as federations of French colonies and administrative entities in their own right, French North Africa was never more than a term of convenience to refer to the three separately-governed territories, which had different forms of colonial regime.
Harold Tamblyn-Watts
Harold William Tamblyn Watts (5 May 1900 – 1999) was a British wildlife and comic strip artist who contributed to TV Comic, Jack and Jill, TV Playland and various annuals, including Eagle and Girl Annuals.

Harold Tamblyn-Watts was the son of Thomas Tamblyn-Watts, an author and publisher. Educated at Southend School of Art, he worked as a manager for the Emmett Group in 1935–48.

As a comics artist, he is best remembered for his brief time illustrating Supercar in TV Comic in 1961, although he also illustrated such features as 'On the Danger Trail with Grahame Dangerfield' in TV Comic Annual and 'Out and About with Uncle Ben' in Jack and Jill. His longest-running strip work was for 'Katie Country Mouse' in Jack and Jill which he took over from Philip Mendoza in 1964.

Tamblyn-Watts also illustrated a number of books and exhibited watercolours.

Grahame Dangerfield
Grahame Dangerfield (1938 - 13 July 2018) was a British naturalist, author and broadcaster. In the 1960s he was one of the first British television naturalists, and was largely involved with rescued British wildlife.

Dangerfield worked for both the BBC and independent television as a wildlife presenter and adviser, appearing in programmes such as Badger's Bend, Five O'Clock Club and Boom!

In 1965 he left Britain to work in the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. In the 1970s, he opened a private zoo at Wheathampstead.

Dangerfield was the author of a number of books about nature, including The Unintended Zoo (1965) and The Rajah of Bong and Other Owls (1981).

He lived in Kenya in later life.  He died on 13 July 2018 at the age of 80.