hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Blair Treu
Blair Treu is an American film director. He directed Little Secrets and Wish Upon a Star. More recently he has teamed up with Brigham Young University (BYU) professor Stephen F. Duncan, KBYU-TV and BYU TV to create Real Families, Real Answers. He was also a codirector of BYUtv's Granite Flats. He graduated from BYU with a bachelor's degree in theatre in 1985.

KBYU-TV
KBYU-TV (channel 11) is a non-commercial educational independent television station licensed to Provo, Utah, United States, serving Salt Lake City and the state of Utah. The station is owned by Brigham Young University (BYU), an arm of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). KBYU-TV's studios are located on the BYU campus in Provo, and its transmitter is located on Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains, southwest of Salt Lake City.

KBYU-TV airs programming of interest to members of the LDS movement, including religious and instructional shows, as well as family-friendly entertainment programs, often with a moral lesson.
Arcus senilis
Arcus senilis (AS), also known as gerontoxon, arcus lipoides, arcus corneae, corneal arcus, arcus adiposus, or arcus cornealis, are rings in the peripheral cornea. It is usually caused by cholesterol deposits, so it may be a sign of high cholesterol. It is the most common peripheral corneal opacity, and is usually found in the elderly where it is considered a benign condition. When AS is found in patients less than 50 years old it is termed arcus juvenilis. The finding of arcus juvenilis in combination with hyperlipidemia in younger men represents an increased risk for cardiovascular disease.

Limbal ring
A limbal ring is a dark ring around the iris of the eye, where the sclera meets the cornea. It is a dark-colored manifestation of the corneal limbus resulting from optical properties of the region. The appearance and visibility of the limbal ring can be negatively affected by a variety of medical conditions concerning the peripheral cornea. It has been suggested that limbal ring thickness may correlate with health or youthfulness and may contribute to facial attractiveness. The thickness of the limbal ring varies by pupil dilation: When the pupil is larger, the limbal ring narrows. Some contact lenses are colored to simulate limbal rings.
William Stock
William Stock, D.D. was an English priest and academic.

Stock was born in Herefordshire. A Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, he was the first Principal of  Gloucester Hall and the third president of St Johns. He held Livings at Sherborne, Gloucestershire, Minety, Marston Sicca, Crick, Northamptonshire, Ilmington, Freckenham, Idlicote, Northampton St. Peter and, Upton St. Michael. He died in 1607.

Marston Sicca Rural District
52°08′10″N 1°46′37″W﻿ / ﻿52.136°N 1.777°W﻿ / 52.136; -1.777

Marston Sicca was, from 1894 to 1931, a rural district in the administrative county of Gloucestershire, England. The district formed part of a salient of Gloucestershire nearly surrounded by Warwickshire and Worcestershire. In 1931 the boundaries of the three counties were adjusted. The rural district was abolished and its area transferred to Warwickshire.
Oxyacid
An oxyacid, oxoacid, or ternary acid is an acid that contains oxygen. Specifically, it is a compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and at least one other element, with at least one hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen that can dissociate to produce the H+ cation and the anion of the acid.

Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H3PO4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid. It is a major industrial chemical, being a component of many fertilizers.

The compound is an acid. Removal of all three H+ ions gives the phosphate ion PO3−4. Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO−4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO2−4, respectively. Phosphoric acid forms esters, called organophosphates.

The name "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this specific acid from other "phosphoric acids", such as pyrophosphoric acid. Nevertheless, the term "phosphoric acid" often means this specific compound; and that is the current IUPAC nomenclature.
Katarina witch trials
The Katarina witch trials took place in the Katarina Parish in the capital of Stockholm in Sweden in 1676. It was a part of the big witch hunt known as the Great noise, which took place in Sweden between the years 1668 and 1676, and it also illustrated the end of it.

Almost all of the accusers, the accused and the witnesses associated with the trials lived in the Katarina Parish area. The Katarina witch trials resulted in the execution of eight people accused of having abducted children to the Witches' Sabbath, and the suicide in prison of one more. More people were charged before being acquitted. The trials ended when the child witnesses were exposed as liars under dramatic circumstances, which resulted in the end of not only the Katarina witch trials but also the entire national Great noise witch hunt.

Pillory
The pillory is a device made of a wooden or metal framework erected on a post, with holes for securing the head and hands, used during the medieval and renaissance periods for punishment by public humiliation and often further physical abuse. The pillory is related to the stocks.
Kirya Ne'emana
Kirya Ne'emana (Hebrew: קִרְיָה נֶאֱמָנָה, "Faithful City"), commonly known as Batei Nissan Bak (Hebrew: בתי ניסן בק, "Nissan Beck Houses") was a historical Hasidic Jewish neighborhood established opposite Damascus Gate in the New City of Jerusalem in 1875. In the 1880s and 1890s it was joined by additional housing for Syrian, Iraqi, Persian, Georgian, and Caucasian Jews. Most of the residents fled the area during the 1929 Palestine riots and their houses were occupied by Christians and Muslims. In the 2000s a handful of Jewish families reclaimed houses in the neighborhood.

Iranian Jews
Iranian Jews constitute one of the oldest communities of the Jewish diaspora. Dating back to the biblical era, they originate from the Jews who arrived in Iran as Babylonian captives. Books of the Hebrew Bible (i.e., Esther, Isaiah, Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah) bring together an extensive narrative shedding light on contemporary Jewish life experiences in ancient Iran; there has been a continuous Jewish presence in Iran since at least the time of Cyrus the Great, who led Achaemenid army's conquest of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and subsequently freed the Judahites from the Babylonian captivity.

After 1979, Jewish emigration from Iran increased dramatically in light of the country's Islamic Revolution and fall of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. Today, the vast majority of Iranian Jews reside in Israel and the United States.
1921 German Ice Hockey Championship
The 1921 German Ice Hockey Championship was the fifth season of the German Ice Hockey Championship, the national championship of Germany. Berliner Schlittschuhclub won the championship by defeating MTV Munchen 1879 in the final.

German Ice Hockey Championship
The German Ice Hockey Championship was a former ice hockey competition played in Germany between 1912 and 1948. During its earliest seasons Berliner Schlittschuhclub emerged as one of the strongest teams, winning eighteen titles between 1912 and 1944.  Following the partition of Germany it was replaced by the  Oberliga FDR in West Germany and the DDR-Oberliga in East Germany.
Betty Boyd Caroli
Betty Boyd Caroli is an American historian and biographer specializing in the lives and roles of American first ladies, and also about certain aspects of immigration.

Caroli was raised in Mt. Vernon, Ohio, and earned a bachelor's degree at Oberlin College. She later earned a master's degree in mass communication at the University of Pennsylvania and a Ph.D. in American civilization from New York University.

She met her husband, oboist Livio Caroli, in Venice, Italy, while she was traveling through Europe. She taught women's studies and immigration at Kingsborough Community College of the City University of New York, before retiring to write full-time. Caroli and her husband live in New York City.

Kingsborough Community College
Kingsborough Community College (KCC) is a public community college in Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn, New York. It is part of the City University of New York (CUNY) system and the only community college in Brooklyn.
Google and the World Brain
Google and the World Brain is a 2013 documentary movie about the Google Books Library Project directed by Ben Lewis, produced by BBC, Polar Star Films, and Arte. The main focus of the plot is on the copyright controversy caused by the project that resulted in the Google Book Search Settlement Agreement from Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc. in 2013.

The film features interviews with many figures concerned, including Creative Commons founder Lawrence Lessig, then-senior Vice President of Google Amit Singhal, and Internet Archive founder Brewster Kahle. The use of World Brain in the title is taken from the H. G. Wells' collection of essays called World Brain.

The film premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival.

2013 Sundance Film Festival
The 2013 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 17, 2013, until January 27, 2013, in Park City, Utah, United States, with screenings in Salt Lake City, Utah, Ogden, Utah, and Sundance, Utah.

The festival had 1,830 volunteers.
Jagiełło Oak
The Jagiełło Oak is the most noted of the Białowieża Forest oaks in Poland, near the border with Belarus. The tree was blown down on November 2, 1974, at which time it had a circumference of 550 cm (220 in) at breast height and a height of 39 m (128 ft); it had large branches and a well-developed crown.  The fallen trunk can still be seen in the Białowieża National Park.

King Władysław II Jagiełło is said to have rested beneath the tree before the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 – however at its death the tree is thought to have been no more than 450 years old, which would mean it did not begin growing until around 1524.

National Parks of Poland
There are 23 national parks in Poland. These were formerly run by the Polish Board of National Parks (Polish: Krajowy Zarząd Parków Narodowych), but in 2004 responsibility for their management was transferred to what is now the Ministry of Climate and the Environment. Most national parks are divided into strictly and partially protected zones. They currently encompass around 186000 hectares of forest, or around 2% of all the country's woodlands.

Polish national parks have carried out numerous research programs and they play an important role in the ecological education. The national parks can be visited as they provide a well-developed tourism infrastructure, though visitors typically need to keep to designated areas such as trails. Many parks furthermore offer thematic trails, educational centres and natural history museums.
Hiden (restaurant)
Hiden is a Michelin-starred Japanese restaurant in Miami, Florida. The restaurant has eight seats and serves an Omakase menu focusing on sushi. Time Out Miami has rated Hiden 5 out of 5 stars.

The restaurant is owned by a San Diego based group that also developed the Taco Stand casual Mexican restaurant of which Hiden is "hidden" in the back of, accessible via key pad door.

Omakase
Omakase (Japanese: お任せ, Hepburn: o-makase) is a Japanese word meaning "I'll leave it up to you", derived from the Japanese "to entrust" (任せる, makaseru). It is most commonly used at Japanese restaurants as a form of gourmet dining in which the customer does not order from a menu and instead lets the chef decide which seasonal specialties to serve.
David F. Propst House
David F. Propst House is a historic home located near Maiden, Catawba County, North Carolina. It was built about 1887, and is a two-story, single pile, brick, vernacular Late Victorian style dwelling.  It has an original one-story brick rear ell and a gable roof with boxed eaves.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Catawba County, North Carolina
Catawba County (/kəˈtɔːbə/ kuh-TAW-buh) is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 160,610. Its county seat is Newton, and its largest community is Hickory.

The county is part of the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Alpenglow
Alpenglow (from German: Alpenglühen, lit. 'Alps glow'; Italian: enrosadira) is an optical phenomenon that appears as a horizontal  reddish glow near the horizon opposite to the Sun when the solar disk is just below the horizon.

Optical phenomenon
Optical phenomena are any observable events that result from the interaction of light and matter.

All optical phenomena coincide with quantum phenomena. Common optical phenomena are often due to the interaction of light from the Sun or Moon with the atmosphere, clouds, water, dust, and other particulates. One common example is the rainbow, when light from the Sun is reflected and refracted by water droplets. Some phenomena, such as the green ray, are so rare they are sometimes thought to be mythical. Others, such as Fata Morganas, are commonplace in favored locations.

Other phenomena are simply interesting aspects of optics, or optical effects. For instance, the colors generated by a prism are often shown in classrooms.
Zhang Shubin
Zhang Shubin (simplified Chinese: 张舒宾; traditional Chinese: 張舒賓; pinyin: Zhāng Shūbīn; born February 16, 1966, in Harbin) is a Chinese former competitive figure skater. He is the 1985 Winter Universiade champion, 1986 Asian Winter Games silver medalist, and 1986 Fujifilm Trophy bronze medalist. He placed 20th at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary and 25th at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. He retired from competitive skating in 1992 and became a coach. He is the father of American businessman Raymond Zhang.

Figure skating at the 1986 Asian Winter Games
Figure skating at the 1986 Asian Winter Games took place in the city of Sapporo, Japan with four events contested. The competition took place at the Mikaho Gymnasium.

Japan finished first in medal table by winning two gold medals.
MySpell
MySpell is a free spell checker, written to explore how affix compression could be implemented.

It used to be included with the OpenOffice.org office suite and Mozilla client software, and was replaced with the more powerful Hunspell library between 2006 and 2008.

MySpell license is based on the 2-clause BSD license, but has an additional clause requiring to explicitly mark any modified versions.

BSD licenses
BSD licenses are a family of permissive free software licenses, imposing minimal restrictions on the use and distribution of covered software. This is in contrast to copyleft licenses, which have share-alike requirements. The original BSD license was used for its namesake, the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a Unix-like operating system. The original version has since been revised, and its descendants are referred to as modified BSD licenses.

BSD is both a license and a class of license (generally referred to as BSD-like). The modified BSD license (in wide use today) is very similar to the license originally used for the BSD version of Unix. The BSD license is a simple license that merely requires that all code retain the BSD license notice if redistributed in source code format, or reproduce the notice if redistributed in binary format. The BSD license (unlike some other licenses e.g. GPL) does not require that source code be distributed at all.
First Presbyterian Church (Washington, Pennsylvania)
The First Presbyterian Church 1793, alternatively known as the First Presbyterian Church, is a Presbyterian church in Washington, Pennsylvania.  It has been the de facto college church for Washington & Jefferson College since the early 19th century.  It is under the Washington Presbytery.

Washington, Pennsylvania
Washington is a city in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 13,176 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area in southwestern Pennsylvania. Nicknamed "Little Washington" to distinguish it from Washington, D.C., the city is home to Washington & Jefferson College and Pony League baseball.
Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007
Ireland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 with the song "They Can't Stop the Spring", written by John Waters and Tommy Moran, and performed by the band Dervish. The Irish participating broadcaster, Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), selected its entry through the national final Eurosong 2007, after having previously selected the performers internally. Four songs faced a public televote, ultimately resulting in the selection of "They Can't Stop the Spring" as the Irish entry.

As one of the ten highest placed finishers in 2006, Ireland automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2007. Performing during the show in position 4, Ireland placed 24th (last) out of the 24 participating countries with 5 points.

Linda Martin
Linda Martin (born 27 March 1952) is an Irish singer and television presenter from Northern Ireland. She is best known as the winner of the 1992 Eurovision Song Contest during which she represented Ireland with the song "Why Me?", the first of a record three consecutive wins by Ireland. She is also known within Ireland as a member of the band Chips.
Tom van de Looi
Tom van de Looi (born 2 July 1999) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga Portugal club Famalicão. His father is football manager and former footballer Erwin van de Looi.

F.C. Famalicão
Futebol Clube de Famalicão, commonly known as Famalicão, is a Portuguese professional football club from Vila Nova de Famalicão. Founded on 21 August 1931, its senior team currently plays in the Primeira Liga, the top tier of Portuguese football.

Since 1952, Famalicão have played their home matches at the Estádio Municipal 22 de Junho, which holds a 5,186-seat capacity. The Famalicenses' most successful period of their history occurred in the early 1990s, where the club played four seasons in the Primeira Liga, between 1990 and 1994, counting now with seven Primeira Liga appearances. The club is owned by Quantum Pacific Group which also has 30% share of Atlético de Madrid.
Verkh-Apshuyakhta
Verkh-Apshuyakhta (Russian: Верх-Апшуяхта; Altay: Апшыйакты, romanized: Apşıyaqtı) is a rural locality (a selo) in Shebalinsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 269 as of 2016. There are 3 streets.

Shebalinsky District
Shebalinsky District (Russian: Шебали́нский райо́н; Altay: Шабалин аймак, romanized: Şabalin aymak; Kazakh: Шибалы ауданы, Şibaly audany) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic. The area of the district is 3,794 square kilometers (1,465 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Shebalino. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 13,596, with the population of Shebalino accounting for 36.2% of that number.
Nag Ashwin
Singireddy Nag Ashwin Reddy (born 23 April 1986), popularly known as Nag Ashwin, is an Indian film director and screenwriter known for his work in Telugu cinema. He is the recipient of a National Film Award, a Nandi Award, and a Filmfare Award. A graduate of the New York Film Academy, Ashwin began his career as an assistant director to Sekhar Kammula. He made his directorial debut in 2015 with the coming-of-age film Yevade Subramanyam, which earned him the Nandi Award for Best Debut Director.

He gained widespread acclaim for directing Mahanati (2018), a biopic of actress Savitri, which became the highest-grossing female-led South Indian film and won him the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu as well as the Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu. In 2024, Ashwin ventured into big-budget cinema with the science fiction film Kalki 2898 AD.

Vyjayanthi Movies
Vyjayanthi Movies is an Indian film production company founded in 1972 by C. Aswini Dutt. One of the leading production houses in Telugu cinema, it is known for its large-scale productions featuring high production values and top-tier actors. The company has produced several acclaimed and commercially successful films over the decades. Its 2024 production, Kalki 2898 AD, is the most expensive Indian film ever made and ranks among the highest-grossing Indian films of all time.

Vyjayanthi Movies' subsidiaries, Swapna Cinema and Three Angels Studio, are managed by Aswani Dutt's daughters, Swapna Dutt and Priyanka Dutt.
History of Armenians in Cyprus
Armenians have a long history in Cyprus, with the first confirmed presence of Armenians on the island dating back to 578 AD, during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justin II. In the modern Republic of Cyprus, they are recognized as one of the three minority "religious groups" along with the Maronites and Latins.

Justin II
Justin II (Latin: Iustinus; Ancient Greek: Ἰουστῖνος, romanized: Ioustînos; died 5 October 578) was Eastern Roman emperor from 565 until 578. He was the nephew of Justinian I and the husband of Sophia, the niece of Justinian's wife Theodora.

Justin II inherited a greatly enlarged but overextended empire, with far fewer resources at his disposal compared to Justinian I. He ended the payment of tributes and adopted a hardline stance against the empire's neighbours, which resulted in rekindling of war with the Sassanid Empire, and in a Lombard invasion which cost the Romans much of their territory in Italy. His war against the Persians were generally unsuccessful, and his later reign was marked by severe mental illness.
Anna Maria of Hungary
Anna Maria of Hungary (1204–1237) was an Empress consort of Bulgaria, daughter of King Andrew II of Hungary and Gertrude of Merania. She was sister of king Béla IV and Saint Elizabeth of Hungary.
Her grandmother was Agnes of Antioch from House of Châtillon, the daughter of Raynald of Châtillon

In January 1221 she married Tsar Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria as his second wife. Her father was forced to agree to the marriage to effect his release from Bulgaria, where he had been captured on his return from Crusade in late 1218. Her dowry included the cities of Beograd and Braničevo.

Anna Maria and Ivan Asen II had several children, including:

Elena, who married Theodore II Doukas Laskaris of the Nicaea.

Thamar, at one point alleged to be engaged to the future Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.

Kaliman Asen I, who succeeded as emperor of Bulgaria 1241–1246.

Peter, who died in 1237.

She died of the plague in 1237 and was buried at SS. Forty Martyrs Church in Tarnovo.

Agnes of Antioch
Anna of Antioch (c. 1154 – c. 1184), also known as Agnes of Antioch and Anna de Châtillon, was Queen of Hungary from 1172 until 1184 as the first wife of Béla III.

The accidental discovery of her intact tomb during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 provided an opportunity for patriotic demonstrations. She was the only 12th-century Hungarian queen whose remains were studied by scientists, and her appearance was reconstructed.
Benjamin Cooper
Benjamin Cooper   was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1621 to 1624.

Cooper was probably the son of Benjamin Cooper. He was admitted at Emmanuel College, Cambridge on 16 May 1612. He was an alderman of Yarmouth.  In 1621, he was elected Member of Parliament for Great Yarmouth. He was re-elected MP for Yarmouth in 1624.

Great Yarmouth (UK Parliament constituency)
Great Yarmouth is a constituency in Norfolk represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Rupert Lowe.
Elected for Reform UK, Lowe had the whip suspended in March 2025 following allegations of bullying and allegations of threats of physical violence against Reform UK party chairman Zia Yusuf. He currently sits as an independent.