hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moses Griffith (physician)
Moses Griffith (1724–1785) was an English physician.

Griffith, son of Edward Griffith, was born at Lapidon, Shropshire, in 1724, and educated at Shrewsbury School. He entered at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1742, and afterwards studied medicine at Leyden, where he graduated M.D. in 1744. He practised for many years in London, but in 1768 retired to Colchester, where he died in March 1785. He wrote Practical Observations on the Cure of the Hectic and Slow Fevers, and the Pulmonary Consumption, 1776. Griffith is credited with the invention of the useful compound iron mixture of the Pharmacopoeia.

Shrewsbury School
Shrewsbury School is a private school in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.

It was founded in 1552 by Edward VI by royal charter, to replace the town's Anglo-Saxon collegiate foundations which were disestablished in the sixteenth century. It is one of the seven public schools in the UK subject to the Public Schools Act 1868 and one of the nine schools reviewed by the Clarendon Commission between 1861 and 1864. The school is notable for being the education site of renowned scientist Charles Darwin.

It was originally founded as a boarding school for boys. In 2008, however, girls were accepted in the sixth form. Since 2015 Shrewsbury School has been a co-educational school. As at Michaelmas Term 2023, Shrewsbury School had 842 pupils: 522 boys and 320 girls. The school has seven boys', and five girls' houses. Alumni of the school are known as Old Salopians.

The present school site, to which the school moved in 1882, is on the south bank of the River Severn.
Nils Lauper
Nils Lauper (born (1982-10-12)12 October 1982 in Seedorf, Switzerland) is a Swiss freestyle skier, specializing in halfpipe.

Lauper competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Switzerland. He placed 16th in the qualifying round in the halfpipe, failing to advance.

As of April 2014, his best showing at the World Championships is 10th, in the 2011 halfpipe.

Lauper made his World Cup debut in November 2003. As of April 2014, he has three World Cup podium finishes, with his best a silver at Les Contamines in 2008–09. His best World Cup overall finish in the halfpipe is 3rd, in 2008–09.

FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2011
The 2011 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships  were held at Deer Valley Resort, together with Park City Mountain Resort. The 2011 FIS Freestyle World Championships took place from January 30 until February 7, 2011, and included aerials, moguls, dual moguls and ski cross competitions at Deer Valley Resort and the slopestyle and ski halfpipe competitions at Park City Mountain Resort. Deer Valley previously held the World Championships in 2003.
After the Storm (Ai song)
"After the Storm" is a song recorded by Japanese-American singer-songwriter Ai featuring Malaysian-Australian singer Che'Nelle. The song is produced by Fifty1 Fifty and Ai, was released as a promotional single on May 22, 2013, by EMI Records Japan from her tenth studio album, Moriagaro. The song was used for the Japanese release of the Hong Kong martial arts film The Grandmaster. "After the Storm" is a pop ballad and is Ai's first promotional single to be recorded fully in English.

Che'Nelle
Cheryline Ernestine Lim, known by her stage name Che'Nelle, is an Australian singer-songwriter. She gained popularity in Japan with the release of her debut studio album, Things Happen for a Reason (2007).
2021 Women's Asian Champions Trophy
The 2021 Women's Asian Champions Trophy was the sixth edition of the Women's Asian Champions Trophy, a biennial field hockey tournament for the six best Asian women's national teams organized by the Asian Hockey Federation.

The tournament was held at the Donghae City Sunrise Stadium in Donghae, South Korea and it was originally scheduled from 14 to 21 June 2020. South Korea were the defending champions.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the tournament was postponed on 26 March 2020. In September 2020 the new dates were announced and the tournament would be held from 31 March to 6 April 2021.  In January 2021 the tournament was postponed again  and in October was postponed further to 5 to 12 December 2021.

Asian Hockey Federation
The Asian Hockey Federation (AHF, formerly ASHF) is the governing body for the sport of field hockey in Asia. It now has 34 member associations in 2025. It is affiliated to the International Hockey Federation. The current president is Fumio Ogura and the patron is Al-Sultan Abdullah Sultan Ahmad Shah.
Armand Schwerner
Armand Schwerner (1927 – February 4, 1999) was an avant-garde Jewish-American poet. His most famous work, Tablets, is a series of poems which claim to be reconstructions of ancient Sumero-Akkadian inscriptions, complete with lacunae and "untranslatable" words.

Schwerner was born in Antwerp, Belgium, and his family moved to the United States when he was nine years old. He attended Columbia University (B.A. 1950, M.A. 1964) and taught at universities in the New York City area until his retirement in 1998.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Battle of Staphorst
The battle of Staphorst was a battle during the Franco-Dutch War, between troops led by John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen and Hans Willem van Aylva against the troops led by Christoph Bernhard von Galen, the battle resulted in a Dutch victory and led to the town being captured by Dutch forces. As a result of this battle, the Dutch troops would fight another battle, near Zwartsluis on 20 July, but without success.

John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen
John Maurice of Nassau (Dutch: Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen [ˈjoːɦɑ ˈmʌurɪts fɑ ˈnɑsʌu ˈsiɣə(n)]; German: Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen; Portuguese: João Maurício de Nassau-Siegen; French: Jean-Maurice de Nassau-Siegen; 17 June 1604 – 20 December 1679), called "the Brazilian" for his fruitful period as governor of Dutch Brazil, was Count and (from 1664) Prince of Nassau-Siegen. He served as Herrenmeister (equivalent to Grand Master) of the Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg) from 1652 until his death in 1679.

The former residence of John Maurice in The Hague, Netherlands, is now the home of the Royal Cabinet of Paintings, named Mauritshuis, which means "Maurice House" in Dutch.
Betty Jo Charlton
Betty Jo Charlton (June 15, 1923 – July 22, 2014) was an American politician.

Born in Reno County, Kansas, Charlton went to the University of Kansas. She then worked in the Charlton Insurance Agency, where she meet her husband. Charlton served in the Kansas House of Representatives from 1980 until 1994 as a Democrat; she was originally appointed in 1980 to replace Michael Glover, who resigned his seat, and then was re-elected in her own right.

She died in Lawrence, Kansas.

Kansas House of Representatives
The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Kansas House of Representatives does not have term limits. The legislative session convenes at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka annually.
Monster Maezuka
Monster Maezuka (前塚  モンスター, Maezuka Monsuta, born as Atsushi Maezuka (前塚  厚志, Maezuka Atsushi), on March 19, 1962 in Osaka, Japan) is a Japanese voice actor currently associated with the Clutch voice actor agency. Maezuka is noted for his roles as Ralf Jones, Benimaru Nikaido, and Choi Bounge in The King of Fighters fighting game series. He has also voiced the latter two in Capcom vs. SNK, and the first in The King of Fighters: Another Day anime; in addition to that, he has had voiceover experience playing Sling and the narrator in the original Japanese version of Beast Wars Neo. Maezuka is also noted for having done the voices of Kyoshiro Senryo and Nicotine Caffeine in the Samurai Shodown series, as well as Ken Masters in SNK vs. Capcom: SVC Chaos.

Samurai Shodown
Samurai Shodown, known in Japan as Samurai Spirits, is a fighting game series by SNK. The series began in 1993 and is known for being one of the earliest in the genre with a primary focus on weapon-based combat.
Protea restionifolia
Protea restionifolia, which is also known as the Reed-leaf sugarbush, is a flowering shrub endemic to the Western Cape province of South Africa where it is found from the upper part of the Breede River Valley through the Bot River Valley to 
Wolseley and the Koue Bokkeveld Mountains.

Other vernacular names which have been recorded for this species are grass-leaf sugarbush and restio-leaf erodendrum. In Afrikaans it is known as the bruingrondsuikerbos.

Kouebokkeveld Mountains
The Koue Bokkeveld, meaning "Cold Buck Shrubland" in Afrikaans, is a mountain range in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Geologically the range is composed of Cedarberg Sandstone of the Cape System.
Aigai (Aeolis)
Aigai, also Aigaiai (Ancient Greek: Αἰγαί or Αἰγαῖαι; Latin: Aegae or Aegaeae; Turkish: Nemrutkale or Nemrut Kalesi), was an ancient Greek, later Roman (Ægæ, Aegae), city and bishopric in Aeolis. Aegae is mentioned by both Herodotus and Strabo as being a member of the Aeolian dodecapolis. It was also an important sanctuary of Apollo. Aigai had its brightest period under the Attalid dynasty, which ruled from nearby Pergamon in the 3rd and 2nd century BC.

The remains of the city are located near the modern village of Yuntdağı Köseler in Manisa Province, Turkey. The archaeological site is situated at a rather high altitude almost on top of Mount Gün (Dağı), part of the mountain chain of Yunt (Dağları).

Kingdom of Pergamon
The Kingdom of Pergamon, Pergamene Kingdom, or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor (now Turkey) from its capital city of Pergamon.  It was ruled by the Attalid dynasty (/ˈætəlɪd/; Greek: Δυναστεία των Ατταλιδών, romanized: Dynasteía ton Attalidón).

The kingdom was a rump state that was created from the territory ruled by Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great.  Philetaerus, one of Lysimachus' lieutenants, rebelled and seized the city of Pergamon and the surrounding regions; Lysimachus died soon after in 281 BC.  The new kingdom was initially in a vassal-like relationship of nominal fealty to the Seleucid Empire, but exercised considerable autonomy and soon became entirely independent.  It was a monarchy ruled by Philetaerus's extended family and their descendants.  It lasted around 150 years before being eventually absorbed by the Roman Republic during the period from 133–129 BC.
Affirm Holdings
Affirm Holdings, Inc. is an American financial technology company and a point-of-sale lender. Founded in 2012 by PayPal co-founder Max Levchin, it is the largest U.S. based buy now, pay later (BNPL) financier. As of 2025, Affirm reports nearly 26 million users and processing $37 billion in annual payments.

Affirm offers unsecured installment loans at the point-of-sale through various methods. These include payment links at online checkout, payment options at self-checkout kiosks, integration into third-party digital wallets, and virtual or physical cards. The company generates revenue by applying a service fee to sellers, charging interest to borrowers, or both, and does not charge a late fee. Affirm also offers a savings account and a debit card. The lender says its loan underwriting involves evaluating transactions by considering credit scores and other pertinent factors, while also incorporating machine learning. Affirm's services are available in the U.S., Canada and the U.K.

Late fee
A late fee, also known as an overdue fine, late fine, or past due fee, is a charge fined against a client by a company or organization for not paying a bill or returning a rented or borrowed item by its due date. Its use is most commonly associated with businesses like creditors, video rental outlets and libraries. Late fees are generally calculated on a per day, per item basis.

Organizations encourage the payment of late fees by suspending a client's borrowing or rental privileges until accumulated fees are paid, sometimes after these fees have exceeded a certain level. Late fees are issued to people who do not pay on time and don't honor a lease or obligation for which they are responsible.
Lucile (poem)
Lucile is a verse novel written by Robert Bulwer-Lytton under the pen name Owen Meredith, and was published in 1860. The poem is a narrative told in an anapaest meter. It remains Meredith's most popular work, achieving wide popularity in the 19th century, despite accusations of plagiarism involving elements of an 1831 George Sand novella, Lavinia.

In the century following its initial publication, over 2000 editions were produced by nearly 100 publishers.

Metre (poetry)
In poetry, metre (Commonwealth spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.  Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. The study and the actual use of metres and forms of versification are both known as prosody. (Within linguistics, "prosody" is used in a more general sense that includes not only poetic metre but also the rhythmic aspects of prose, whether formal or informal, that vary from language to language, and sometimes between poetic traditions.)
2025 Men's AHF Cup
The 2025 Men's AHF Cup was the seventh edition of the Men's AHF Cup, a field hockey qualification tournament for the Men's Hockey Asia Cup organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. It was held alongside the women's tournament at the GBK Hockey Field in Jakarta, Indonesia from 17 April to 27 April 2025. This marked the second time Indonesia hosted the tournament.

Oman won their first AHF Cup title by defeating Chinese Taipei 4–3 in the final. Four-time defending champions Bangladesh won the bronze medal as they defeated Kazakhstan 3–0. As finalists Oman, Chinese Taipei and third place team Bangladesh secured qualification for the 2025 Men's Asia Cup in Rajgir, India.

Pakistan withdrew citing security concerns and financial constraints, and was replaced by Bangladesh. Oman also pulled out due to financial issues and was replaced by Kazakhstan.

Men's Hockey Asia Cup
The Men's Hockey Asia Cup is a men's international field hockey tournament organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. The winning team becomes the champion of Asia and qualifies for the FIH Hockey World Cup.

India are the defending champions, having won the 2025 edition.

The next edition is scheduled to take place in 2029. South Korea have won the most titles with five. India are the next with four titles won and Pakistan have won the tournament three times.

The hosts together with the six highest-ranked teams from the previous edition directly qualify for the tournament. They are joined by the top team from the Men's AHF Cup or the top two teams, if the host is already qualified.
Farmer's Bank of Carson Valley (1596 Esmeralda Avenue, Minden, Nevada)
Farmer's Bank of Carson Valley (also spelled Farmers' Bank of Carson Valley) is a historic bank building located at 1596 Esmeralda Avenue in Minden, Nevada. The building was built in 1909 to house the Farmer's Bank of Carson Valley, which was chartered in the same year. H. F. Dangberg, the founder of Minden, commissioned the building, which was only the second building built in the town. In 1918, the bank outgrew its original building and moved to a larger building across the street. After the bank left the building, it was occupied by the Minden Post Office until 1974. The building has housed a variety of businesses since and is currently occupied by the Bank Parlor and Pub.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 6, 2000.

Minden, Nevada
Minden is a census-designated place (CDP) in Douglas County, Nevada, United States. The population was 3,001 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Douglas County and is adjacent to the town of Gardnerville.  The Douglas campus of the Western Nevada College is located in Minden.
Lycortas
Lycortas /lɪˈkɔːrtəs/ of Megalopolis (Greek: Λυκόρτας Lykórtas), son of Thearidas, was a politician of the Achaean League active in the first half of the 2nd century BC. He was the father of the historian Polybius. A political ally of Philopoemen, he shared the latter's view that the Romans should be dealt with according to the strict letter of their treaty with the League, and that no more assistance should be given to them than was necessary. In this way they hoped to delay the inevitable increase of Rome's power over Greece. Lycortas' son Polybius shared his father's views, and for this reason was one of the thousand Greeks deported to Italy in the aftermath of the Roman victory at Pydna in 168 BC. Lycortas' own fate is unknown, owing to the fragmentary nature of our sources at this point.

Battle of Pydna
The Battle of Pydna took place in 168 BC between Rome and Macedon during the Third Macedonian War. The battle saw the further ascendancy of Rome in the Hellenistic world and the end of the Antigonid line of kings, whose power traced back to Alexander the Great. The battle is also considered to be a victory of the Roman legion's manipular system's flexibility over the Macedonian phalanx's rigidity.
A Vigilante
A Vigilante is a 2018 American crime drama film written and directed by Sarah Daggar-Nickson in her feature directorial debut. Starring Olivia Wilde, Morgan Spector, Kyle Catlett, C.J. Wilson, Tonye Patano, Chuck Cooper, Betsy Aidem and Judy Marte, the film follows Sadie (Wilde), a woman who makes it her life's mission to help victims of domestic violence break free from their abusers.

A Vigilante premiered at South by Southwest on March 10, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on March 29, 2019. The film received critical acclaim, with particular praise for Wilde's performance.

Emmett/Furla Oasis
Emmett/Furla Oasis Films (EFO Films), previously known as Emmett/Furla Films and Oasis Ventures Entertainment separately, was an American film and television production and financing company founded by Randall Emmett and George Furla in 1998. It is notable for funding and producing the films End of Watch, 2 Guns and Lone Survivor.

In 2018, the company was acquired by Helios and Matheson Analytics, which gained a 51% ownership stake in EFO. It began producing films under MoviePass. Two years later, following a litany of civil and federal lawsuits against HMNY and EFO, in combination with controversy surrounding the latter's business practices and workplace issues, the former filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in late 2019, with both the latter and MoviePass dissolving their partnership and ending operations a year later.
Joyce Lee
Joyce Lee Lok-sze (Chinese: 李樂詩) is a Hong Kong Canadian singer and songwriter best known for her Cantopop songs including "Beloved", "Love Your Life Without Regrets" (Chan Ching Sai Syut) in the Hong Kong drama A Kindred Spirit, and her performance of the Chinese national anthem at Canada Day in Hong Kong.

Lee has received "Top Ten Golden Melody Award" at the Hong Kong 1994 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards, Hong Kong CASH and RTHK "Best Original Song Award", and Bronze Award for the Most Popular Singer-Songwriter at the Top Ten Strong Songs Golden Melody Awards Ceremony, among others.

RTHK
Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK) is the public broadcasting service of Hong Kong. GOW, the predecessor to RTHK, was established in 1928 as the first broadcasting service in Hong Kong. As a government department under the Commerce and Economic Development Bureau of the Hong Kong Government that directly supported by annual government funding, RTHK's educational, entertainment, and public affairs programmes are broadcast on its eight radio channels and five television channels, as well as commercial television channels.
Arne Thorén
Björn Arne Jerker Thorén (24 March 1927 – 23 February 2003) was a Swedish journalist and diplomat. As correspondent in the United States he submitted between 7,000 and 8,000 reports for Sveriges Radio and informed the Swedish people of the assassination of John F. Kennedy, of the first man on the moon and of the Watergate scandal. In the 1980s and 1990s, Thorén served as Consul General of Sweden in Chicago and New York City and as Ambassador of Sweden in Iraq.

Skåne County
Skåne County (Swedish: Skåne län [ˈskôːnɛ ˈlɛːn]), sometimes referred to as Scania County or just Scania in English, is the southernmost county, or län, of Sweden, mostly corresponding to the traditional province of Scania. It borders the counties of Halland, Kronoberg and Blekinge and connects to Capital Region, Denmark by the Öresund Bridge across the Øresund strait. The seat of residence for the Skåne Governor is the city of Malmö. The headquarters of Skåne Regional Council are located in both Kristianstad and Malmö.

The present county was created in 1997 when Kristianstad County and Malmöhus County were merged; it covers around 3% of Sweden's total area, while its population of 1.3 million comprises 13% of Sweden's total population.
Scanoe
A Scanoe is a brand of boat originally built and named by Coleman, debuted in the 1980's.  It is a cross between a skiff and a canoe. It is wider than a conventional canoe and has a flat stern so that a small outboard motor can be mounted if needed, but it is lightweight enough (about 120 pounds (54 kg)) to be portaged or transported on a vehicle roof as opposed to on a trailer.

The Scanoe debuted in 1985 with a horsepower rating of 1.75 and a width of 38 inches, in 1989 the transom capacity was upped to 5 horsepower and the width was increased to 40 and then 43 inches. Later the Scanoe was produced with Coleman's Ram X plastic.   Later Pelican bought the brand name from Coleman in approximately 2001 and tried the concept but dropped it a few years later.  The term remained and remains in some use often referred to as a "Scout canoe".  The term loosely refers to a square stern canoe, albeit usually with some association with the Coleman and Pelican versions.

Coleman (brand)
The Coleman Company, Inc. is an American manufacturer of outdoor recreation products, best known for its camping gear including lanterns, portable stoves, sleeping bags, chairs, and coolers. Founded in 1902 and currently headquartered in Chicago, the company employs approximately 4,000 people. Coleman is now a subsidiary of Newell Brands and has facilities in Wichita, Kansas, and in Texas.