hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schützenberger group
In semigroup theory, a Schützenberger group is a group associated with a Green H-class of a semigroup. The Schützenberger groups associated with different H-classes are distinct, but the groups associated with two different H-classes contained in the same D-class of a semigroup are isomorphic. Moreover, if the H-class itself were a group, the Schützenberger group of the H-class would be isomorphic to the H-class. In fact, there are two Schützenberger groups associated with a given H-class, with each being antiisomorphic to the other.

The Schützenberger group was discovered by Marcel-Paul Schützenberger in 1957 and the terminology was coined by A. H. Clifford.

Alfred H. Clifford
Alfred Hoblitzelle Clifford (July 11, 1908 – December 27, 1992) was an American mathematician born in St. Louis, Missouri who is  known for Clifford theory and for his work on semigroups. He did his undergraduate studies at Yale and his PhD at Caltech, and worked at MIT, Johns Hopkins (as Associate Professor), and later, in 1955, Tulane University (as Professor of Mathematics and Head of Sophie Newcomb College).

The Alfred H. Clifford Mathematics Research Library at Tulane University is named after him.
2014 FC BATE Borisov season
The 2014 season was Football Club BATE Borisov's 17th consecutive season in the Belarusian Premier League. In addition to the domestic league, BATE Borisov participated in the 2013–14 Belarusian Cup, the 2014–15 Belarusian Cup, the Belarusian Super Cup and the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League.

2013–14 Belarusian Cup
The 2013–14 Belarusian Cup was the 23rd season of the Belarusian annual cup competition. Contrary to the league season, the competition has been conducted in a fall-spring rhythm. The first games were played on 29 May 2013 and the final on 3 May 2014. Shakhtyor Soligorsk won of the Cup and qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League.
Wilfred Adams
Wilfred "Wilf" Adams (birth registered second quarter of 1934 – c. 2001) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played at club level for Streethouse Intermediates, and Wakefield Trinity, as a prop.

Pontefract
Pontefract is a historic market town in the City of Wakefield, a metropolitan district in West Yorkshire, England. It lies to the east of Wakefield and south of Castleford. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it had a population of 30,881 at the 2011 Census.

Pontefract's motto is Post mortem patris pro filio, Latin for "After the death of the father, support the son", a reference to the town's Royalist sympathies in the English Civil War. Small villages and settlements in the immediate area include Stapleton.
Montmagny Seamount
Montmagny Seamount, formerly known as Minia Seamount, is an undersea mountain in the North Atlantic Ocean, located about 700 km (430 mi) south of Cape Race in Canadian waters off Atlantic Canada. It rises to a height of over 1,000 m (3,300 ft) and has an areal extent of 440 km2 (170 mi2), making it slightly larger than the Quebec city of Montreal.

Montmagny is one of the seven named Fogo Seamounts. It was originally named Minia Seamount after a Canadian cable ship that helped search for bodies from the Titanic disaster. However, this name had already been in use for a seamount further to the northeast and was therefore renamed in 1997 to Montmagny Seamount after the Canadian steamship SS Montmagny. This steamship participated in two recovery missions after the Titanic disaster.

Cape Race
Cape Race is a point of land located at the southeastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Its name is thought to come from the original Portuguese name for this cape, "Raso", meaning flat or low-lying.  The Cape appeared on early sixteenth century maps as Cabo Raso and its name may derive from a cape of the same name at the mouth of the Tagus River in Portugal.  The cape was the location of the Cape Race LORAN-C transmitter until the system was decommissioned in 2010. It is also home to the Cape Race Lighthouse, notable for having received the distress call from the RMS Titanic.
Louise Feltham
Charlotte Beatrice Louise Feltham (22 March 1935 – 25 May 2020) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993. She was a businessperson by career.

Feltham began her political career by serving as councillor and reeve of Rocky View County from 1974 until 1988. She was elected in the 1988 federal election at the new electoral district of Wild Rose for the Progressive Conservative Party. She served in the 34th Canadian Parliament but lost to Myron Thompson of the Reform Party in the 1993 federal election. She died in Calgary on 25 May 2020.

Wild Rose (electoral district)
Wild Rose was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 2015. It had been considered a safe seat for the Conservative Party of Canada.
Crotalocephalides
Crotalocephalides is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, that existed during the lower Devonian in what is now Germany. It was described by Alberti in 1967, and the type species is Crotalocephalides gaertneri, which the author had originally described under the genus Cheirurus in 1962. 
The type specimen was described from Ebersdorf, Upper Franconia.

Upper Franconia
Upper Franconia (German: Oberfranken, pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is an administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany. It forms part of the historically significant region of Franconia, the others being Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia, which are all part of Bavaria.

With more than 200 independent breweries which brew approximately 1000 different types of beer, Upper Franconia has the world's highest brewery-density per capita. A special Franconian beer route (Fränkische Brauereistraße) runs through many popular breweries.
Diana and Callisto
Diana and Callisto is a painting completed between 1556 and 1559 by the Italian late Renaissance  artist Titian. It portrays the moment in which the goddess Diana discovers that her maid Callisto has become pregnant by Jupiter. The painting was jointly purchased by the National Gallery and the Scottish National Gallery for £45 million in March 2012. Along with its companion painting Diana and Actaeon it is displayed on an alternating basis between London and Edinburgh. There is a later version by Titian and his workshop in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, in Vienna.

Art Fund
Art Fund (formerly the National Art Collections Fund) is an independent membership-based British charity, which raises funds to aid the acquisition of artworks for the nation. It gives grants and acts as a channel for many gifts and bequests, as well as lobbying on behalf of museums and galleries and their users. It relies on members' subscriptions and public donations for funds and does not receive funding from the government or the National Lottery.

Since its foundation in 1903 the Fund has been involved in the acquisition of over 860,000 works of art of every kind, including many of the most famous objects in British public collections, such as Velázquez's Rokeby Venus in the National Gallery, Picasso's Weeping Woman in the Tate collection, the Anglo-Saxon Staffordshire Hoard in Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery and the medieval Canterbury Astrolabe Quadrant in the British Museum.
Religious of the Virgin Mary
The Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary (Spanish: Religiosas de la Beata Virgen María, abbreviated RVM, is a Catholic centralized religious institute of consecrated life of Pontifical Right for women founded in Manila in 1684 by the Filipina Venerable Mother Ignacia del Espíritu Santo.

In 2016 there were over 700 RVM sisters, mainly from the Philippines. They run a university and 58 other schools and have works in seven countries outside the Philippines. From the start they cultivated an apostolic, Ignatian spirituality and have retreat houses along with their other diverse works.

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac (Arabian jasmine or Sambac jasmine) is a species of jasmine native to Bhutan and India. It is cultivated in many places, especially West Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is naturalised in many scattered locales: Mauritius, Madagascar, the Maldives, Christmas Island, Chiapas, Central America, southern Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles.

Jasminum sambac is a small shrub or vine growing up to 0.5 to 3 m (1.6 to 9.8 ft) in height. It is widely cultivated for its attractive and sweetly fragrant flowers. The flowers may be used as a fragrant ingredient in perfumes and jasmine tea. It is the national flower of the Philippines, where it is known as sampaguita, as well as being one of the three national flowers of Indonesia, where it is known as melati putih.
Fairbanks-Morse
Fairbanks, Morse and Company was an American manufacturing company that existed from 1823 until 1958.  Founded in 1823 as a manufacturer of weighing scales, it later diversified into pumps, engines, windmills, coffee grinders, radios, farm tractors, feed mills, locomotives, and industrial supplies. It was purchased by the Penn-Texas conglomerate in 1958.

There are three separate corporate entities that could be considered successors to the company, none of which is a complete and direct descendant of the original company. All claim the heritage of Fairbanks Morse and Company:

Fairbanks Scales is a privately owned company in Kansas City, Missouri, that manufactures scales

Fairbanks Morse Defense, a subsidiary company of Arcline Investment Management, is a company based in Beloit, Wisconsin, that manufactures and services engines

Fairbanks Nijhuis is a part of Pentair Water in Kansas City, Kansas, and manufactures pumps

Windmill
A windmill is a machine operated by the force of wind acting on vanes or sails to mill grain (gristmills), pump water, generate electricity, or drive other machinery.
Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern periods; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon of Dutch culture, there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today.
Oberliezheim
Oberliezheim is a village in Bavaria, Germany, about 20 kilometers north of Dillingen. It has a population of 200 and is administratively part of the market town of Bissingen. The village is situated between the Danube river and the famous crater Ries.

The village recently celebrated the 125th anniversary of its voluntary firefighting brigade.

Nördlinger Ries
The Nördlinger Ries (German pronunciation: [ˈnœʁtlɪŋɐ ˈʁiːs]) is an impact crater and large circular depression in western Bavaria and eastern Baden-Württemberg. It is located north of the Danube in the district of Donau-Ries. The city of Nördlingen is located within the depression, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south-west of its centre.
German submarine U-971
German submarine U-971 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 15 June 1942 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 171, launched on 22 February 1943 and commissioned on 1 April 1943 under Oberleutnant zur See Walter Zeplien.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Bonneville County Courthouse
The Bonneville County Courthouse is a historic building in Idaho Falls, Idaho, and the courthouse of Bonneville County, Idaho. It was built in 1921 with reinforced concrete, sandstone from Boise, and there is a marble staircase inside. The entrance includes "an entablature supported by Corinthian pilasters" and "a round arch with garlanded spandrels". It was designed by architects Lionel E. Fisher and Charles Aitken. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 10, 1979.

Idaho Falls, Idaho
Idaho Falls is the fourth most populous city in Idaho and the county seat of Bonneville County. It is the state's most populous city outside the Boise metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population of Idaho Falls was 64,818. In the 2010 census, the population of Idaho Falls was 56,813 (2019 estimate: 62,888), with a metro population of 133,265.  As of the 2020 census, the Idaho Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 154,855.

Idaho Falls serves as the commercial, cultural, and healthcare hub for Eastern Idaho, as well as parts of western Wyoming and southern Montana. It is served by the Idaho Falls Regional Airport and is home to the College of Eastern Idaho, Museum of Idaho, Idaho Falls Idaho Temple, and the Idaho Falls Chukars baseball team of the Pioneer League, as well as the Idaho Falls Spud Kings . It is the principal city of the Idaho Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Idaho Falls–Blackfoot-Rexburg, Idaho Combined Statistical Area.
Magmatism
Magmatism is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks. It does so through magmatic activity or igneous activity,  the production, intrusion and extrusion of magma or lava. Volcanism is the surface expression of magmatism.

Magmatism is one of the main processes responsible for mountain formation. The nature of magmatism depends on the tectonic setting. For example, andesitic magmatism is associated with the formation of  island arcs at convergent plate boundaries while basaltic magmatism is found at mid-ocean ridges during sea-floor spreading at divergent plate boundaries.

On Earth, magma forms by partial melting of silicate rocks either in the mantle, continental or oceanic crust. Evidence for magmatic activity is usually found in the form of igneous rocks formed from magma.

Tectonics
Tectonics (from Ancient Greek  τεκτονικός tektonikós 'pertaining to building' via Latin tectonicus) are the processes that result in the structure and properties of Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of planetary tectonics extends the concept to other planets and moons.

These processes include those of mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons, and the ways in which the relatively rigid plates that constitute Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of the global population.

Tectonic studies are important as guides for economic geologists searching for fossil fuels and ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles can help geomorphologists to explain erosion patterns and other Earth-surface features.
Kalyana Galatta
Kalyana Galatta (transl. Riots in a marriage) is a 1998 Indian Tamil-language comedy film written and directed by Rajkapoor. The film stars Sathyaraj, Mantra and Khushboo, with supporting roles played by Yuvan Shankar Raja, the film was produced by K. Balu under the Malar Films banner. It was photographed by Rajarathinam, edited by the duo B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan, and released on 1 August 1998.

Raasi (actress)
Raasi (born Vijaya) is an Indian actress known for her work in Telugu and Tamil cinema, with appearances in a few Kannada and Malayalam films. She is credited as Manthra in Tamil and Malayalam films. Raasi gained recognition for her performances in notable films such as Subhakankshalu (1997), Gokulamlo Seeta (1997), and Pelli Pandiri (1998). She transitioned to television with Telugu soap operas, debuting in Girija Kalyanam (2020) and later appearing in Janaki Kalaganaledu (2021).
Agglomeration community of Mantes-en-Yvelines
The Communauté d'agglomération de Mantes-en-Yvelines (or CAMY) is a former administrative entity in the Yvelines département, near Paris. Its administrative center was Mantes-la-Jolie. It was created in December 1999. It was merged into the Communauté urbaine Grand Paris Seine et Oise in January 2016.

Gargenville
Gargenville (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁʒɑ̃vil]) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France, 45 km to the center of Paris. It is part of the Parc naturel régional du Vexin français. With the neighborhing commune of Issou, it forms an urban area of around 10000 inhabitants.

Inhabitants are known in French as the Gargenvillois.
Wilson Fittipaldi Júnior
Wilson Fittipaldi Júnior (25 December 1943 – 23 February 2024) was a Brazilian racing driver and Formula One team owner. He participated in 38 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 1 May 1972, scoring a total of three championship points. He ran the Fittipaldi Formula One team between 1974 and 1982. He also participated in numerous non-Championship Formula One races.

Formula Vee
Formula Vee (Formula Fau Vee in Germany) or Formula Volkswagen is an open wheel, single-seater junior motor racing formula, with relatively low costs in comparison to Formula Ford.

On the international stage,  Niki Lauda, Emerson Fittipaldi, Nelson Piquet and Keke Rosberg, all Formula 1 champions, and Scott Dixon, a six-time IndyCar champion, raced Formula Vees in Europe, New Zealand, or America at the beginning of their careers.  In Australia, V8 Supercar drivers Larry Perkins, Colin Bond, John Blanchard, John Bowe, Jason Bargwanna and Paul Stokell were also racers in Formula Vee.

Formula First, raced in the US and New Zealand, employs the same chassis, but with upgraded motor, brakes and steering. Australia's modern Formula Vee car rules are the definition for Formula First in these countries.
Dry (surname)
Dry is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amity Dry (born 1978), Australian singer-songwriter

Avis M. Dry (1922–2007), British psychologist

Chris Dry (born 1988), South African rugby union player

Claud Dry, co-founder of Midget Motors Corporation

Corné Dry (born 1993), South African cricketer

F. A. Dry (born 1931), American football player coach

Francis Dry (1891–1979), New Zealand geneticist, biologist, university lecturer and wool researcher

Jodie Dry (born 1974), Australian actress

Mark Dry (born 1987), Scottish hammer thrower

Murray Dry, American political scientist

Richard Dry (1815–1869), Australian politician

Stuart Dry, Australian slalom canoeist

Tim Dry (born 1952), English actor

Richard Dry
Sir Richard Dry, KCMG (20 September 1815 – 1 August 1869) was an Australian politician, the son of United Irish convict, who was Premier of Tasmania from 24 November 1866 until 1 August 1869 when he died in office. Dry was the first Tasmanian-born premier, and the first Tasmanian to be knighted.
Herculaneum papyri
The Herculaneum papyri are more than 1,800 papyrus scrolls discovered in the 18th century in the Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum. They had been carbonized when the villa was engulfed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.

The papyri, containing a number of Greek philosophical texts, come from the only surviving library from antiquity that exists in its entirety. However, reading the scrolls is extremely difficult, and can risk destroying them. The evolution of techniques to do this continues.

The majority of classical texts referred to by other classical authors are lost, and there is hope that the continuing work on the library scrolls will discover some of these. For example, as many as 44 works discovered were written by the 1st-century BC Epicurean philosopher and poet Philodemus, a resident of Herculaneum, who possibly formed the library, or whose library was incorporated in it.

University of Pisa
The University of Pisa (Italian: Università di Pisa, UniPi) is a public research university in Pisa, Italy. Founded in 1343, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe. Together with Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, it is part of the Pisa University System.
1995 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed doubles
Todd Woodbridge and Helena Suková were the defending champions but lost in the second round to T. J. Middleton and Lori McNeil.

Jonathan Stark and Martina Navratilova defeated Cyril Suk and Gigi Fernández in the final, 6–4, 6–4 to win the mixed doubles tennis title at the 1995 Wimbledon Championships.

Helena Suková
Helena Suková (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦɛlɛna ˈsukovaː]) (born 23 February 1965) is a Czech former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's doubles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and No. 4 in singles. Suková won 14 major titles: nine in women's doubles and five in mixed doubles. She is also a two-time Olympic silver medalist in doubles, a four-time major singles runner-up, and won a total of ten singles titles and 69 doubles titles.
Un Té de Tilo Por Favor
Un Té de Tilo Por Favor is the debut studio album by Argentine singer-songwriter Natalie Pérez, released on 14 October 2018 through Warner Music Chile. The album was produced by Mateo Rodo and Nicolás Cotton, and received a nomination for Best Pop Artist Album at the Premios Gardel. A deluxe edition, released in 2019, features reversions of the songs with guest artists such as Coti and Fabiana Cantilo.

Premios Gardel
The Premios Gardel a la Música (originally called Premios Carlos Gardel), or just Premios Gardel (in English, the Gardel Awards), is an award presented by the Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers (CAPIF) to recognize the best of Argentine music and to award the talent of Argentine artists in a diversity of genres and categories. The trophy depicts a sculpture of French Argentine tango singer Carlos Gardel, one of Argentina's music icons. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have more popular interest.

The honorees are chosen by a jury consisting of musicians, journalists and other members of the media, event producers, sound engineers, and personalities related to music. The awards are the Argentine equivalent to the American Grammy Awards and the British BRIT Awards. The Premios Gardel have been described as the "most important prize in the country's music business".