hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Passion (novel)
The Passion is a 1987 novel by British novelist Jeanette Winterson. The novel depicts a young French soldier in the Napoleonic army during 1805 as he takes charge of Napoleon's personal larder. The novel won the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize. Publication and subsequent sales of the novel allowed Winterson to stop working other jobs, and support herself as a full-time writer.

Though nominally a historical novel, Winterson takes considerable liberties with the depiction of the historical setting and various strategies for interpreting the historical—making the novel historiographic metafiction. The novel also explores themes like passion, constructions of gender and sexuality, and broader themes common to 1980s and 90s British fiction. Parts of the novel are set in Venice—Winterson had yet to visit the city when she wrote about it, and the depiction was entirely fictional.

John Llewellyn Rhys Prize
The John Llewellyn Rhys Prize was a literary prize awarded annually for the best work of literature (fiction, non-fiction, poetry, or drama) by an author from the Commonwealth aged 35 or under, written in English and published in the United Kingdom. Established in 1942, it was one of the oldest literary awards in the UK.

Since 2011, the award has been suspended by funding problems. The last award was in 2010.
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience
The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (Japanese: 防災科学技術研究所, romanized: Bōsai Kagaku Gijutsu Kenkyū-sho), also known as NIED, is a National Research and Development Agency that conducts research on science and technology related to disaster risk reduction. It owns experimental and observational facilities throughout Japan. The headquarters is located in Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture.

Nagaoka, Niigata
Nagaoka (長岡市, Nagaoka-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. It is the second largest city in the prefecture, after the capital city of Niigata. As of 4 August 2021, the city had an estimated population of 264,611 in 109,283 households and a population density of 300 inhabitants per square kilometre (780/sq mi). The total area of the city was 891.06 square kilometres (344.04 sq mi).
Our God's Brother
Our God's Brother (Polish: Brat naszego Boga, Italian: Fratello del nostro Dio, German: Die Farbe des Lebens) is a 1997 drama film co-written and directed by Krzysztof Zanussi. A co-production between Poland, Italy and Germany, it is based on a play by Karol Wojtyła, the future Pope John Paul II, and it depicts real life events of priest and artist Albert Chmielowski.

The film premiered out of competition at the 54th edition of the Venice Film Festival.

Krzysztof Zanussi
Krzysztof Pius Zanussi (born 17 June 1939) is a Polish film and theatre director, producer and screenwriter. He is a professor of European film at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland where he conducts a summer workshop. He is also a professor at the Krzysztof Kieślowski Film School of the University of Silesia in Katowice.

He is the recipient of the Golden Lion at the 1984 Venice Film Festival for A Year of the Quiet Sun, the Jury Prize at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival for The Constant Factor as well as two Grands Prix at the 1977 and 2000 Gdynia Film Festival for Camouflage and Life as a Fatal Sexually Transmitted Disease, respectively.
Fiona Armstrong
Fiona Armstrong, Lady MacGregor (born 28 November 1956) is a British television journalist and is Lord Lieutenant of Dumfries. She is also the author of several books and has written for newspapers and made television programmes on Scottish topics including fishing and Scottish clans.

Broadcast journalism
Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are broadcast by electronic methods instead of the older methods, such as printed newspapers and posters. It works on radio (via air, cable, and Internet), television (via air, cable, and Internet) and the World Wide Web. Such media disperse pictures (static and moving), visual text and sounds.
Vinayak Janardan Karandikar
Vinayak Janardan Karandikar (15 September 1872 – 30 March 1909) was a major poet of the Marathi language of India. He is considered part of the early twentieth century renaissance in literature and poetry of the Marathi Language in the Indian state of Maharashtra due to his contribution to the revival of ancient poetry forms from Yadava Dynasty Maharashtra.

Seuna (Yadava) dynasty
The Seuna, Sevuna, or Yadavas of Devagiri (IAST: Seuṇa, c. 1187–1317) was a medieval Indian dynasty, which at its peak ruled a realm stretching from the Narmada river in the north to the Tungabhadra river in the south, in the western part of the Deccan region. Its territory included present-day Maharashtra, northern Karnataka and parts of Madhya Pradesh, from its capital at Devagiri (present-day Daulatabad in modern Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar district, Maharashtra).

The Yadavas initially ruled as feudatories of the Western Chalukyas. Around the middle of the 12th century, as the Chalukya power waned, the Yadava king Bhillama V declared independence. The Yadavas reached their peak under Simhana II, and flourished until the early 14th century, when it was annexed by the Khalji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate in 1308 CE.
Halotali
Halotali is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 146 kilometres (91 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
Losodokodon
Losodokodon is an extinct genus of large herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Mammutidae. It was first described in 2009 by David Tab Rasmussen and Mercedes Gutiérrez from fossils found in the Erageleit Formation of northwestern Kenya. Losodokodon lived during the Late Oligocene, between 27 and 24 million years ago. It is known from isolated molars and premolars. Dental mesowear suggests a browsing diet.

Browsing (herbivory)
Browsing is a type of herbivory in which a herbivore (or, more narrowly defined, a folivore) feeds on leaves, soft shoots, or fruits of high-growing, generally woody plants such as shrubs.  This is contrasted with grazing, usually associated with animals feeding on grass or other lower vegetations. Alternatively, grazers are animals eating mainly grass, and browsers are animals eating mainly non-grasses, which include both woody and herbaceous dicots. In either case, an example of this dichotomy are goats (which are primarily browsers) and sheep (which are primarily grazers).
Waterford Raceway
The Waterford Raceway (also known as the pike!) is a 1/3 mile tarmac oval motorsport race track off the main Waterford—Cork road near Dungarvan, Ireland. The motor racing circuit was opened in the 1970s and hosted hot rod racing. It is open from March to December every year with a race meeting approximately once a month and with a Christmas meeting on Stephen's day.  There are many classes of cars racing each day from first level junior drivers in 1 litre cars up to a top level 3.5 litre super car class. Junior drivers can race from the age of ten in restricted car's.

Each meeting classes race for the days trophies and cups and also for championship points in a year long battle to become top of each class with the overall winner being crowned king/queen of the pike.

Dungarvan
Dungarvan (Irish: Dún Garbhán, meaning 'Garbhann's fort') is a coastal town and harbour in County Waterford, on the south-east coast of Ireland. Prior to the merger of Waterford County Council with Waterford City Council in 2014, Dungarvan was the county town and administrative centre of County Waterford. Waterford City and County Council retains administrative offices in the town. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

Dungarvan's Irish name means 'Garbhann's fort', referring to Saint Garbhann who founded a church there in the seventh century. The town had a population of 10,081 at the 2022 census, making it the third most populous in the county.
Naomi Hartley
Naomi Hartley (born 12 January 2001) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Burnley. She previously played for Sheffield United, Manchester United, Coventry United, and spent time in the youth ranks of Burnley, Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool. She has been capped for England at youth level. She is openly lesbian and worked alongside the Community Foundation's Empower LGBT+ programme in 2022.

Rugby Borough W.F.C.
Rugby Borough Women Football Club is an English women's football club based in Rugby, Warwickshire. Currently they play in the FA Women's National League North, the third tier of women's domestic football in England.

Originally founded in 2013 as Coventry City Ladies, the club merged with non-League football club Coventry United F.C. to form Coventry United Ladies Football Club in 2015. Prior to the 2022–23 season, the club was renamed Coventry United Women Football Club. In June 2023, following the club's relegation from the Women's Championship, the second tier of women's domestic football in England, Coventry United F.C.'s association with the women's team was terminated and the club relocated from Coventry to Rugby and was given its present name, affiliating with Rugby Borough F.C.

In addition to the first team squad, the club operates a reserve team as well as youth teams at a variety of levels including under-11, under-13, under-15, under-16 and under-18.
Gonioterma notifera
Gonioterma notifera is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Paraguay.

The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are ochreous whitish with a very small dark fuscous spot on the costa at one-fourth, a moderate rounded-triangular one in the middle, and a larger one at three-fourths. The plical stigma is minute and dark fuscous and the second discal is small. There are six dark fuscous marginal dots around the apex and upper part of the termen, the apical one largest. The hindwings are ochreous whitish with a moderate whitish-ochreous hair-pencil lying along the dorsum from the base.

Hair-pencil
Hair-pencils and coremata are pheromone signaling structures present in lepidopteran males. Males use hair-pencils in courtship behaviors with females. The pheromones they excrete serve as both aphrodisiacs and tranquilizers to females as well as repellents to conspecific males.  Hair-pencil glands are stored inside the male until courtship begins, at which point they are forced out of the body by sclerotized levers present on the abdomen. Coremata (the singular form being corema) are very similar structures. Their exact definition is confused by early descriptions but they are more specifically defined as the internal, glandular, eversible structures that bear the hair-pencils and can be voluntarily inflated with hemolymph or air.
1995 Monte Carlo Open – Doubles
Nicklas Kulti and Magnus Larsson were the defending champions, but lost in second round to Lan Bale and John-Laffnie de Jager.

Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis won the title by defeating Luis Lobo and Javier Sánchez 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Luis Lobo
Luis Gustavo Lobo (born 9 November 1970) is a retired professional male tennis player from Argentina, who won the gold medal in the men's doubles competition at the 1995 Pan American Games.

He reached his career high doubles ranking, World No. 12, on 21 July 1997. He is currently a coach, and has worked with players including Spain's Carlos Moyà and Argentina's Juan Mónaco.
Burnshill
Burnshill is a town in Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.

Former mission station of the Glasgow Missionary Society, established at the foot of the Amathole Mountains in 1831. Named after John Burns, minister of the Barony Church, Glasgow, one of the founders of the society. It was destroyed in 1851.

Amathole Mountains
Amatola, Amatole or Amathole are a range of densely forested mountains, situated in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The word Amathole means ‘calves’ in Xhosa, and Amathole District Municipality, which lies to the south, is named after these mountains.
Leptopelis fiziensis
Leptopelis fiziensis, also known as the Mokanga forest tree frog or Fizi tree frog, is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, on both sides of Lake Tanganyika, and it is likely to occur in Burundi, in between the two known areas of distribution.

Arthroleptidae
The Arthroleptidae /ˌɑːrθroʊˈlɛptɪdiː/ are a family of frogs found in sub-Saharan Africa. This group includes African treefrogs in the genus Leptopelis along with the terrestrial breeding squeakers Arthroleptis, and several genera restricted to the Guinean forests of central and west Africa, such as the hairy frog (Trichobatrachus).
Richard Wilkinson (cricketer, born 1977)
Richard Wilkinson (born 11 November 1977, Barnsley, Yorkshire) is an English former first-class cricketer.

A right-handed batsman and off spin bowler, Wilkinson's only first-class appearance came in 1998.  Playing for Yorkshire County Cricket Club against Cambridge University at Headingley where, batting at number 69 in the second innings, he scored nine runs before being stumped by Birks, off the bowling of Loveridge. He took one wicket for 69 runs with his bowling in the same match.

He appeared for the Yorkshire Cricket Board in the Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy in 2001 and 2002, represented England at Under 17 level, plus  played for the Yorkshire Second XI from 1996 to 1999, and for the Worcestershire Second XI from 2000 to 2090

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Cotterite
Cotterite is an extremely rare variety of quartz derived from a single horizontal vein of calcite, quartz and iron-rich mudstone cut through the Carboniferous Limestone in Rockforest, County Cork in Ireland.

Cotterite crystals grow in extremely thin layers that develop very thin cracks as they grow, causing light to be scattered in a frosting effect. This gives cotterite a distinctive pearlescent finish.

It was first discovered in 1874 by Grace Elizabeth Cotter of Mallow, who presented it to the National Museum of Ireland in 1876. Robert Harkness introduced it to the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, naming it cotterite in honour of Cotter. Since then only about 30 specimens have ever been found.

In 2024, a young boy named Ben O’Driscoll discovered a piece of cotterite in a newly ploughed field in Rockforest. This was the first time a specimen of cotterite had been found in 150 years.

Mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

The term mudstone is also used to describe carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) that are composed predominantly of carbonate mud. However, in most contexts, the term refers to siliciclastic mudstone, composed mostly of silicate minerals.

The NASA Curiosity rover has found deposits of mudstone on Mars that contain organic substances such as propane, benzene and toluene.
Kentucky's 8th House of Representatives district
Kentucky's 8th House of Representatives district is one of 100 districts in the Kentucky House of Representatives. Located in the western part of the state, it comprises Caldwell County and parts of Christian and Trigg Counties. It has been represented by Walker Thomas (R–Hopkinsville) since 2017. As of 2023, the district had a population of 46,279.

Trigg County, Kentucky
Trigg County is a county located on the far southwest border of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,061.  Its county seat is Cadiz. Formed in 1820, the county was named for Stephen Trigg, an officer in the American Revolutionary War who was killed at the Battle of Blue Licks, now in Robertson County, Kentucky. It was a victory for British and allied troops.

Following the Prohibition era, Trigg continued as a prohibition or dry county until 2009. That year the county's voters narrowly approved a referendum to repeal the prohibition on alcohol sales for off-premises consumption.

Trigg County is part of the Clarksville metropolitan area.
Aisha Sheppard
Aisha Sheppard (born November 13, 1998) is an American professional basketball player. In 2022, she was drafted by and played for the Las Vegas Aces in the WNBA. She currently plays for the Mexican team ADELITAS. She played college basketball at Virginia Tech.

Virginia Tech Hokies women's basketball
The Virginia Tech Hokies women's basketball team represents Virginia Tech in women's basketball. The school competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). They are currently coached by Megan Duffy.
Dear Basketball
Dear Basketball is a 2017 American animated film written and narrated by Kobe Bryant and directed and animated by Glen Keane, with music by John Williams. It is based on a letter Bryant wrote for The Players' Tribune on November 29, 2015, announcing his retirement from basketball.

The film was distributed online through go90. It carries the same name as Bryant's retirement letter, and was made in partnership between Bryant's own Granity Studios and Believe Entertainment Group. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 90th Academy Awards, the first Oscar win for any professional athlete, and the first Oscar win for Keane, a veteran Disney animator.

Go90
go90 was an American Internet television service and mobile app owned and operated by Verizon Communications. The service was positioned as a mobile-oriented "social entertainment platform" targeted primarily towards millennials, featuring a mixture of original and acquired content from various providers. The service was available exclusively within the United States.

The service was plagued by an unsuccessful launch, credited to poor content discoverability and a lack of firm content strategy, resulting in managerial turnover. Including acquisitions that became the basis of the service (such as Intel's OnCue project, and later  Vessel), it was estimated that Verizon had spent $1.2 billion on the service.

On July 31, 2018, after attempts to promote go90's content via Verizon's AOL and Yahoo! properties (including blogging platform Tumblr), the service was shut down.
Liriomyza eupatorii
Liriomyza eupatorii is a species of fly in the family Agromyzidae. The fly, is found in Europe and was described by the German entomolgist, Johann Heinrich Kaltenbach in 1874.

The larvae mine the leaves of the Asteraceae and the Lamiaceae, including Aster species, lesser snakeroot (Ageratina aromatica), hemp-agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum), red hemp-nettle (Galeopsis ladanum var. angustifolia), hairy hemp-nettle (Galeopsis pubescens), downy hemp-nettle (Galeopsis segetum), large-flowered hemp-nettle (Galeopsis speciosa), common hemp-nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit), sunflowers (Helianthus species), common nipplewort (Lapsana communis) and European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea).

Galeopsis segetum
Galeopsis segetum, commonly known as downy hemp-nettle,  is a species of flowering plant in the sage family, Lamiaceae. It grows as a weed in arable ground throughout Europe.   Although superficially resembling the stinging nettle it is of a different family and does not sting.
Cotlar–Stein lemma
The Cotlar–Stein almost orthogonality lemma is a mathematical lemma in the field of functional analysis. It may be used to obtain information on the operator norm on an operator, acting from one Hilbert space into another, when the operator can be decomposed into almost orthogonal pieces.

The original version of this lemma (for self-adjoint and mutually commuting operators) was proved by Mischa Cotlar in 1955 and allowed him to conclude that the Hilbert transform is a continuous linear operator in  without using the Fourier transform. A more general version was proved by Elias Stein.

Commutative property
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Perhaps most familiar as a property of arithmetic, e.g. "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used in more advanced settings. The name is needed because there are operations, such as division and subtraction, that do not have it (for example, "3 − 5 ≠ 5 − 3"); such operations are not commutative, and so are referred to as noncommutative operations.

The idea that simple operations, such as the multiplication and addition of numbers, are commutative was for many centuries implicitly assumed. Thus, this property was not named until the 19th century, when new algebraic structures started to be studied.
Hensel Formation
The Hensel Formation or Hensel Sand is a Mesozoic geologic formation in Texas. Fossil ornithopod tracks have been reported from the formation.

A stratigraphic column at the Mount Bonnell Fault location reveals the following sequence: the Lower Cretaceous Trinity Group is overlain by the Edwards Group. This is followed by  Upper Cretaceous formations, starting with the Del Rio Clay, then the Buda Limestone, and finally the Eagle Ford Group. The Trinity Group consists of the Hammett Formation, Cow Creek Formation, Hensel Formation, and Lower and Upper Glen Rose Formation.  The Hammett and the lower portion of the Upper Glen Rose act as confining units (or aquitard) for the Middle Trinity Aquifer.

Ornithopoda
Ornithopoda (/ˌɔːrnəˈθɒpədə/) is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, called ornithopods (/ˈɔːrnəθəˌpɒdz, ɔːrˈnɪθ-/). They represent one of the most successful groups of herbivorous dinosaurs during the Cretaceous. The most primitive members of the group were bipedal and relatively small-sized, while advanced members of the subgroup Iguanodontia became quadrupedal and developed large body size. Their major evolutionary advantage was the progressive development of a chewing apparatus that became the most sophisticated ever developed by a non-avian dinosaur, rivaling that of modern mammals such as the domestic cow. They reached their apex of diversity and ecological dominance in the hadrosaurids (colloquially known as 'duck-bills'), before they were wiped out by the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event along with all other non-avian dinosaurs. Members are known worldwide.