hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of sound recording
The history of sound recording - which has progressed in waves, driven by the invention and commercial introduction of new technologies — can be roughly divided into four main periods:

The Acoustic era (1877–1925)

The Electrical era (1925–1945)

The Magnetic era (1945–1975)

The Digital era (1975–present)

Experiments in capturing sound on a recording medium for preservation and reproduction began in earnest during the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s. Many pioneering attempts to record and reproduce sound were made during the latter half of the 19th century – notably Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville's phonautograph of 1857 – and these efforts culminated in the invention of the phonograph by Thomas Edison in 1877. Digital recording emerged in the late 20th century and has since flourished with the popularity of digital music and online streaming services.

Stylus
A stylus is a writing utensil or tool for scribing or marking into softer materials. Different styluses were used to write in cuneiform by pressing into wet clay, and to scribe or carve into a wax tablet. Very hard styluses are also used to engrave metal, and the slate and stylus system is used to punch out dots to write in Braille.

Styluses are held in the hand and thus are usually a narrow elongated shape, similar to a modern ballpoint pen. Many styluses are heavily curved to be held more easily.

The word stylus is also used to describe computer styluses used to assist in navigating or providing more precision when using touchscreens.
Old Fort, Quebec
Vieux Fort (also known as Old Fort) is an unconstituted locality within the municipality of Bonne-Espérance in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. It is also known as Old Fort Bay or Vieux-Fort (the latter is preferred by the Commission de toponymie du Québec).

Classification of municipalities in Quebec
The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec, Canada, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy and compiled by the Institut de la statistique du Québec

Not included are the urban agglomerations in Quebec, which, although they group together multiple municipalities, exercise only what are ordinarily local municipal powers.

A list of local municipal units in Quebec by regional county municipality can be found at List of municipalities in Quebec.
July 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
July 2 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 4

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on July 16 by Old Calendar.

For July 3rd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on June 20.

Foolishness for Christ
Foolishness for Christ (Greek: διά Χριστόν σαλότητα; Church Slavonic: оуродъ, юродъ) refers to behavior such as giving up all one's worldly possessions upon joining an ascetic order or religious life, or deliberately flouting society's conventions to serve a religious purpose—particularly of Christianity. Such individuals have historically been known as both "holy fools" and "blessed fools". The term "fool" connotes what is perceived as feeblemindedness, and "blessed" or "holy" refers to innocence in the eyes of God.

The term fools for Christ derives from the writings of Paul the Apostle. Desert Fathers and other saints acted the part of Holy Fools, as have the yurodivy (or iurodstvo) of Eastern Orthodox asceticism. Fools for Christ often employ shocking and unconventional behavior to challenge accepted norms, deliver prophecies, or to mask their piety.
AD 383
Year 383 (CCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Merobaudes and Saturninus (or, less frequently, year 1136 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 383 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Merobaudes (magister peditum)
Flavius Merobaudes (died 383 or 388) was a Roman army officer of Frankish origin.  He was appointed magister peditum around 375, and consul twice in 377 and 383.  Ancient sources record that he was put to death that year for his support of the imperial usurper Magnus Maximus, but an inscription records that he became consul a third time in 388.
Koo Luam Khen
Koo Luam Khen (or Khoo Luan Khen, simplified Chinese: 古廉权; traditional Chinese: 古廉權, born 27 March 1951) is a Malaysian former footballer. A Malaysia national team player, he participated in the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. He was the former coach of Hong Kong national team, Hong Kong League teams Instant-Dict and Sun Hei. He won "Best Coach of the Year" in Hong Kong Top Footballer Awards 2003 and 2005.

In 2004, he was inducted in Olympic Council of Malaysia's Hall of Fame for 1972 Summer Olympics football team.

In early 2013, Koo coached the Northern Mariana Islands team in the 2014 AFC Challenge Cup qualification tournament in Nepal.

Olympic Council of Malaysia
The Olympic Council of Malaysia (Malay: Majlis Olimpik Malaysia; IOC code: MAS), or commonly OCM or MOM, is the National Olympic Committee representing Malaysia. It is also the body responsible for Malaysia's representation at the Commonwealth Games, as Commonwealth Games Malaysia.
2015 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women
The 2015 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women was the 14th edition of the FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women. 16 teams participated in the competition, played in Tinajo and Teguise, Spain, from 2 to 12 July 2015.

2014 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women Division B
The 2014 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women Division B was the 10th edition of the Division B of the Women's European basketball championship for national under-20 teams. It was held in Sofia, Bulgaria, from 3 to 13 July 2014. Germany women's national under-20 basketball team won the tournament.
Sint-Denijs-Westrem
Sint-Denijs-Westrem (Dutch: [ˌsɪn dəˈnɛis ˈʋɛstrəm]; French: Saint-Denis-Westrem) is a sub-municipality of the city of Ghent located in the province of East Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Ghent.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
Hippi (film)
Hippi is a 2019 Indian Telugu-language romantic action comedy film written and directed by T. N. Krishna and produced by V Creations and Asian Cinemas. The film stars Kartikeya, Digangana Suryavanshi, and J. D. Chakravarthy. The principal photography commenced in November 2018 and the film was released on 6 June 2019.

Kalaipuli S. Thanu
Kalaipuli S. Thanu (pronounced [ðaːnu]) is an Indian film producer and distributor, known for his films in Tamil cinema. He has produced several films through his two companies, V Creations and Kalaipuli Films International. Many of his films have been commercially successful, three of which are among the top-ten highest grossing Tamil films. He has won two National Film Awards, two Cinema Express Awards and one Filmfare Awards South.
Phil Harris (cricketer)
Philip Graham Harris (born 12 May 1990) is an English cricketer. Harris is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace. He was born at Worcester, Worcestershire.

Harris was educated at The Chase School, before studying for a degree in Sports Conditioning, Rehabilitation and Massage at the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff. While studying there, he made his debut in first-class cricket for Cardiff MCCU against Somerset at Taunton Vale Sports Club Ground. He made a second first-class appearance in that same season against Warwickshire at Edgbaston. He also made his minor counties debut for Herefordshire against Northumberland in the 2012 MCCA Knockout Trophy at The Park, Brockhampton. He is also a member of the Unicorns squad for the 2012 Clydesdale Bank 40.

Northumberland County Cricket Club
Northumberland County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England, and Wales. It represents the historic county of Northumberland.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Northumberland played List A matches occasionally from 1971 until 2005, but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club is based at Osborne Avenue, Jesmond and also plays matches around the county at Benwell Park and at the South Northumberland CC ground at Gosforth.
St Peter's Church, Swingfield
St Peter's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Swingfield, some 3 miles (5 km) northeast of Hawkinge, Kent, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.

Hawkinge
Hawkinge (/ˈhɔːkɪndʒ/ HAW-kinj) is a town and civil parish in the Folkestone and Hythe district of Kent, England. The original village of Hawkinge is actually just less than a mile (c. 1.3 km) due east of the present village centre; the village of Hawkinge was formed by the merging of Hawkinge and Uphill.

The name Hawkinge derives from the Old English hafocing meaning 'hawk place' or perhaps 'Hafoc's place'.
European Bowls Championships
The European Bowls Championship formerly the European Bowls Team Championships is a biennial continental lawn bowls tournament for European nations. From its inauguration in 1997 until September 2021, the tournament was organised by the European Bowls Union (EBU).

In September 2021, the members of what was the "European Bowls Union" (E.B.U.) voted unanimously, to rebrand and be replaced by the newly formed, limited company, Bowls Europe Ltd (registered in Scotland). The competition now features the traditional four disciplines of singles, pairs, triples and fours.

Bowls
Bowls, also known as lawn bowls or lawn bowling, is a sport in which players try to roll their ball (called a bowl) closest to a smaller ball (known as a "jack" or sometimes a "kitty"). The bowls are shaped (biased), so that they follow a curved path when being rolled. The game is played either in teams or one against one.

The game was first played in the 13th century. The game is played on grass, although other surfaces are sometimes used. Matches are held either until one player gets to a score, or when a number of ends are played.

The game is mostly played on a bowling green, which can vary by the type of bowls being played. Whilst the game is often played outdoors, there are indoor bowling venues, and can also be played on rollable carpets. For outdoor games, this is usually on grass; however, it can also be played on cotula in New Zealand.
Evanturel
Evanturel is a township in Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada.  It almost completely surrounds the town of Englehart. The main settlement in Evanturel is the community of Heaslip.

It was named after François-Eugène-Alfred Évanturel, the first Francophone speaker for the Ontario legislative assembly.

Kap-Kig-Iwan Provincial Park is partially located in the township.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Ko Lan
Ko Lan (Thai: เกาะล้าน, pronounced [kɔ̀ʔ láːn]) is one of the eastern seaboard islands of Thailand. Ko Lan lies 7.5 km from the nearest shore, Pattaya. "Ko Lan" is the name of the island in the Royal Thai General System of Transcription. It is also known as "Koh Larn" and "Ko Laan".

Eastern seaboard of Thailand
The eastern seaboard of Thailand, more frequently known as the "Eastern Economic Corridor" (EEC), is a developing economic region which plays a key role in Thailand's economy.  It is Thailand's center for export-oriented industries. High value goods, such as Japanese branded automobiles, which are manufactured there and shipped elsewhere, are among the many exports. The region includes Chonburi Province, Chachoengsao Province, and Rayong Province with Samut Prakan Province on the periphery.
Viktar Zuyev
Viktor Valeryevich Zuyev, also spelled sometimes as Viktar Valeryevich Zuyeu (Belarusian: Ві́ктар Вале́р'евіч Зу́еў, romanized: Viktar Valeryevich Zuyew, Łacinka: Viktar Valierjevič Zujeŭ; Russian: Ви́ктор Вале́рьевич Зу́ев; born May 22, 1983) is a former amateur boxer from Belarus, best known for winning the heavyweight silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.

Belarusian Latin alphabet
The Belarusian Latin alphabet or Łacinka (from Belarusian: лацінка, BGN/PCGN: latsinka, IPA: [laˈt͡sʲinka]) for the Latin script in general is the Latin script as used to write Belarusian. It is similar to the Sorbian alphabet and incorporates features of the Polish and Czech alphabets. Today, Belarusian most commonly uses the Cyrillic alphabet.
1990 Bexley London Borough Council election
The 1990 Bexley Council election took place on 3 May 1990 to elect members of Bexley London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

Bexley London Borough Council
Bexley London Borough Council, also known as Bexley Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Bexley in Greater London, England. The council has been under Conservative majority control since 2006. It is based at Bexley Civic Offices in the Bexleyheath area of the borough.
New Castle Branch (Pennsylvania Railroad)
The New Castle Branch was a rail line owned and operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The line ran from New Castle north to Stoneboro (later Mercer), and is now entirely abandoned. At its south end, the line intersected the Erie and Pittsburgh Branch and Mahoningtown Branch. When the New Castle Branch ended at Stoneboro, the PRR had trackage rights east along the New York Central Railroad's Stoneboro Branch to Oil City and the Allegheny Branch, Chautauqua Branch, and Salamanca Branch.

The New Castle Branch (and the Wolf Creek Branch, a short spur of it) was the only part of the Western New York and Pennsylvania Railway operated by the Pennsylvania Company as part of the Lines West of Pittsburgh rather than by the Pennsylvania Railroad as part of the Lines East of Pittsburgh. The Pennsylvania Company also operated the trackage rights from Stoneboro to Oil City.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Monstera obliqua
Monstera obliqua is a species of the genus Monstera native to Central and South America. It is hemiepiphytic like most other Monstera species. The plant is particularly known for its foliage, which is, in mature specimens of a few varieties, highly perforated, sometimes described as having more empty space than leaf. An illustration of the general variation in adult leaf shape from different individuals of this species can be found in Michael Madison's A Revision of Monstera. The species is not commonly cultivated, but the name is often misapplied to specimens of the more widespread Monstera adansonii.

Hemiepiphyte
A hemiepiphyte is a plant that spends part of its life cycle as an epiphyte. The seeds of primary hemiepiphytes germinate in the canopy and initially live epiphytically.  They send roots downward, and these roots eventually make contact with the ground.  Secondary hemiepiphytes are root-climbers that begin as rooted vines growing upward from the forest floor, but later break their connection to the ground.  When this happens, they may send down long roots to the ground.

Strangler figs are hemiepiphytic – they may begin life as epiphytes but after making contact with the ground they encircle their host tree and "strangle" it.  This usually results in the death of the host tree, either through girdling or through competition for light. Strangler figs can also germinate and develop as independent trees, not reliant on the support of a host.
Sidney and Lowe Railroad
The Sidney and Lowe Railroad (reporting mark SLGG) is a switching railroad with 11 miles of line (12 miles of track) that runs between Sidney, Nebraska and connections with BNSF Railway at Huntsman, Nebraska and with Union Pacific Railroad at Brownson, Nebraska. It was founded in 1980 by Oscar J. Glover, President and CEO of Glover Group to service a railroad car maintenance and repair facility that Glover had built in the area near the United States Army's Big Sioux Depot. Glover later jointly built a grain storage and transfer facility that was serviced by the Sidney & Lowe Railroad. It became a common carrier in 1982 and was purchased by Progress Rail in 1996.

Progress Rail
Progress Rail Services Corporation (reporting mark PRLX), a fully owned subsidiary of Caterpillar since 2006, is a supplier of railroad and transit system products and services headquartered in Albertville, Alabama. Founded as a recycling company in 1982, Progress Rail has increased the number of its product and service offerings over time to become one of the largest integrated and diversified suppliers of railroad and transit system products and services in North America.

Progress Rail markets products and services worldwide, maintaining 110 facilities in the United States, 34 in Mexico, 23 in Australia, five in the UK, four in Canada, two in Brazil, and one in Italy and Germany. Progress Rail is organized into two divisions: Infrastructure and Rolling Stock.
2009 Estoril Open
The 2009 Estoril Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 20th edition of the Estoril Open for the men (the 13th for the women), and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2009 ATP World Tour, and of the International-level tournaments of the 2009 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, Portugal, from 2 May through 10 May 2009.

The men's draw was headlined by Gilles Simon, former 2002 and 2006 champion David Nalbandian and 2003 champion Nikolay Davydenko. Other players included David Ferrer, Mardy Fish and 2001 champion Juan Carlos Ferrero.

The women's draw was headlined by 2004 and 2008 finalist Iveta Benešová and 2008 champion Maria Kirilenko. Other players included Shahar Pe'er and Anna-Lena Grönefeld.

2009 ATP World Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the ATP. The 2009 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2009 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, and is organised by the ITF.
2010–11 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
The 2010–11 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio season was the twenty-sixth since its establishment. The season began with the first regular season games on 17 September 2010 and ended with the play-off final in May 2011. Tre Fiori are the league champions, having won their seventh Sammarinese championship and third-in-a-row last season.

Domagnano
Domagnano (Romagnol: Munt Dmagnên) is one of the nine castelli of San Marino. It occupies an area of 6.62 km2 (2.56 sq mi). As of 2023, it had a population of 3,589 inhabitants. It is the fourth largest castello by land area and population in San Marino.
Jacques Dorion
Jacques Dorion (ca 1797 – December 29, 1877) was a doctor and political figure in Lower Canada.

He was born at Quebec City around 1797 and studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec. Dorion studied medicine at Paris and returned to set up practice at Saint-Ours. In 1824, he married Catherine-Louise Lovell, niece of seigneur Charles-Louis-Roch de Saint-Ours. Dorion was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Richelieu in 1830 and was reelected in 1834, as a supporter of the parti patriote. Dorion signed the Ninety-Two Resolutions. He founded a branch of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society at Saint-Ours in 1835. In December 1837, he was arrested for high treason and imprisoned until March 1838.

He died at Saint-Ours in 1877.

One son, Joseph-Adolphe, later served in the Quebec legislative assembly, and another son, Eugène-Philippe, was head of the French translators for the Canadian House of Commons.

Collège François-de-Laval
Collège François-de-Laval (French pronunciation: [kɔlɛʒ fʁɑ̃swa də laval]), previously known as the Petit Séminaire de Québec ([pəti seminɛʁ də kebɛk]), is a private French-language Catholic secondary school in Vieux-Québec, Quebec City, Quebec.
Irina Polechtchouk
Irina Polechtchouk (born 1 August 1973) is a Belarusian-French volleyball player, a member of the Belarus women's national volleyball team. By playing in France for a long time she obtained French nationality.

Belarus women's national volleyball team
The Belarus women's national volleyball team represented Belarus in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union the team first competed on the highest level under its own flag at the 1993 European Championship, finishing in eighth place.

In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV) banned all Belarusian national teams, clubs, and officials from participating in European competition, and suspended all members of Belarus from their respective functions in CEV organs.
Edward John Baxter
Edward John Baxter (22 June 1853 – 5 November 1939) was an English medical missionary doctor from the Church Mission Society who founded the medical station in Mpwapwa which became the current St Luke's Health Clinic in Tanzania. Baxter practiced in East Africa, Uganda, Mochi, Chaga, Mengo, and Mpwapwa. His work preceded colonisation of the area as German East Africa or Tanganyika Territory. As a pre-colonising, "pioneering missionary" for the CMS, former close relationships with the Maasai. Baxter led subsequent missionaries from Mombassa inland, including the first 'lady missionaries' party to Uganda in 1895.

Baxter was also known for supporting the Belgian Expedition and received notable marks from King Leopold.

Church Mission Society
The Church Mission Society (CMS), formerly known as the Church Missionary Society, is a British Anglican mission society working internationally with Christians. CMS was founded in 1799, and has given its name "CMS" to a number of daughter organisations around the world, including Australia and New Zealand, which have now become independent.