hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peterhof landing stage
Peterhof landing stage is a mooring for hydrofoil boats, of the type Meteor, in the Lower Gardens of Peterhof Palace. It is located in northern end Sea Channel and is in a C-shaped form. The exit from it is directed aside St. Petersburg.

The mooring and foot platform are located at the open coast of Gulf of Finland. It has a length of 136.5 metres (448 ft), width of 8 metres (26 ft), it consists of a platform of 23 flights, each flight is formed by two numbers of the ferro-concrete piles united in a frame by a ferro-concrete crossbar. From above the design is blocked by ferro-concrete plates tee bars on five plates in flight.

For all visitors entry to Lower Gardens requires the purchase of tickets, but for visitors arriving by hydrofoil it is included in cost of the ticket for a sea line.

Hydrofoil
A hydrofoil is a lifting surface, or foil, that operates in water. It is similar in appearance and purpose to aerofoils used by airplanes. Boats that use hydrofoil technology are also simply termed hydrofoils. As a craft gains speed, the hydrofoils lift the boat's hull out of the water, decreasing drag and allowing greater speeds.
1962 Volunteer 500
The 1962 Volunteer 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series  event that was held on April 29, 1962, at Bristol International Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee.

The transition to purpose-built racecars began in the early 1960s and occurred gradually over that decade.  Changes made to the sport by the late 1960s brought an end to the "strictly stock" vehicles of the 1950s.

NASCAR Grand National Series
The name NASCAR Grand National Series refers to former names of the following NASCAR series:

National-level stock car series:
NASCAR Cup Series (the top NASCAR series, known as NASCAR Grand National Series between 1950 and 1970, then the NASCAR Winston Cup Grand National Series between 1971 and 1986)
NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series (the second highest NASCAR series, known as NASCAR Busch Grand National Series between 1986 and 2003)

Regional-level stock car series (termed as Grand National Division by NASCAR):
ARCA Menards Series East (known as NASCAR Busch Grand National North Series between 1987 and 1993; later formally known as NASCAR Grand National Division East Series)
ARCA Menards Series West (known as NASCAR Busch Grand National West in 1970; later formally known as NASCAR Grand National Division West Series)
NASCAR Grand National East Series (held in 1972 and 1973)
Meates
Meates is the surname of the following people:

Bill Meates (rugby union) (1923–2003), New Zealand rugby union player

William Meates (1875–1910), English football goalkeeper

Kevin Meates (born 1930), New Zealand rugby union player

Roly Meates, Ireland national rugby union team coach

Liam Meates, Irish artist

Roly Meates
T. W. Roland "Roly" Meates (born 1937 or 1938; died 5 July 2023) was an Ireland national rugby union team coach and chairman of the Irish Rugby Football Union board of selectors.

Meates studied dentistry at Trinity College Dublin, where he played as a forward with the Dublin University Football Club before moving to Wanderers. Meates coached Dublin University Football Club for 28 years, before moving to Leinster Rugby to coach for five years. He was Leinster's president in the 1968–69 season. He became Ireland national rugby union team coach from 1975 to 1977 and later chairman of the selection board. He returned to Leinster where he worked with Matt Williams, and latterly worked as scrummaging coach. He served as a governor of The High School, Dublin, and Chairman of the Sports Committee.

Meates died on 5 July 2023, at the age of 85.
The Marriage-Hater Matched
The Marriage-Hater Matched is a comedy play by the English writer Thomas D'Urfey. It was first staged by the United Company at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in January 1692. The original cast included John Bowman as  Brainless, William Mountfort as Sir Philip Freewit, Samuel Sandford as Limber, John Hodgson as  Darewell, Anthony Leigh as Myn Here Van Grin, George Bright as Bias, Thomas Doggett as Solon, William Bowen as Callow, Colley Cibber as Splutter, Elizabeth Barry as  Lady Subtle, Katherine Corey as Lady Bumfiddle, Anne Bracegirdle as Phoebe, Charlotte Butler as La Pupsey and Abigail Lawson as Margery.

Anne Bracegirdle
Anne Bracegirdle (possibly 1671 – 12 September 1748) was an English actress and soprano. Most of the plays she performed in involved singing as well as acting. She often performed music written for her by the composer John Eccles, and also sung music written for her by Henry Purcell. She became particularly well known for the song "I burn" which Eccles originally wrote for Bracegirdle to perform in Thomas D'Urfey's play The Comical History of Don Quixote (1694). She also sang music by Eccles in the play The Richmond Heiress (1693) and in William Congreve opera The Judgment of Paris (1701, as Venus). In 1706 she starred in Giuseppe Fedeli's opera The Temple of Love.
William Henry Johnson
William Henry Johnson is the name of:

William Henry Johnson (valet) (died 1864), part-time valet and barber to Abraham Lincoln

William Henry Johnson (VC) (1890–1945), English First World War recipient of the Victoria Cross

Henry Johnson (World War I soldier) (born William Henry Johnson, 1892–1929), American First World War recipient of the Medal of Honor

William H. Johnson (artist) (born William Henry Johnson, 1901–1970), African-American painter

Peerie Willie Johnson (1920–2007), Scottish folk guitarist and bassist

Zip the Pinhead (1842–1926), American freak show performer

William Henry Johnson (VC)
William Henry Johnson VC MM (15 October 1890 – 25 April 1945) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

He was 27 years old, and on 3 October 1918 at Ramicourt, France, he performed the gallant act, for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross.
Railway post office
In Canada and the United States, a railway post office, commonly abbreviated as RPO, was a railroad car that was normally operated in passenger service and used specifically for staff to sort mail en route, in order to speed delivery.  The RPO was staffed by highly trained Railway Mail Service postal clerks, and was off-limits to the passengers on the train.

From the middle of the 19th century, many American railroads earned substantial revenues through contracts with the U.S. Post Office Department (USPOD) to carry mail aboard high-speed passenger trains. The Railway Mail Service enforced various standardized designs on RPOs. A number of railway companies maintained nominally unprofitable passenger routes, having found that their financial losses from moving people were more than offset by transporting the mail on such passenger routes.

Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad
The Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad was the first railroad to cross Missouri starting in Hannibal in the northeast and going to St. Joseph, Missouri, in the northwest.  It is said to have carried the first letter to the Pony Express on April 3, 1860, from a train pulled behind the locomotive Missouri.

The line connected the second and third largest cities in the state of Missouri prior to the American Civil War.  The stage route that it paralleled had previously been called the "Hound Dog Trail".
12 de Octubre Football Club
12 de Octubre Football Club is a Paraguayan football club from the city of Itauguá that currently plays in the División Intermedia, the second division of Football in Paraguay. Founded in 1914, the club's home venue is Estadio Luis Alberto Salinas Tanasio.

The club is the only club outside the Asuncion Metropolitan Area to win a league title.

Football in Paraguay
Football is by far the most popular sport in Paraguay, with approximately three-quarters of the people in Paraguay interested in football. Paraguay's national team has played at eight FIFA World Cup competitions and has won two Copa América tournaments. Olimpia Asunción is the country's most successful club in domestic and international competitions. Paraguay's football leagues are divided into four divisions. In 2020, Paraguay's top-tier was ranked 8th in the world by the IFFHS.
Three Summers (novel)
Three Summers (Greek: Τα ψάθινα καπέλα) is a Greek novel written by Margarita Liberaki and first published in 1946. In 1995 the novel was translated into English by Karen Van Dyck; it was reissued in 2019 by NYRB Classics.

In 2019 Van Dyck discussed the work she did translating the novel in a blog post for The Paris Review. She noted that the original title translated literally to The Straw Hats which she changed to avoid negative class connotations associated with the term "straw hats" in English.

Three teenage sisters, Maria, Infanta and Katarina, come of age in the countryside near Athens shortly before the outbreak of WWII.

The Paris Review
The Paris Review is a quarterly English-language literary magazine established in Paris in 1953 by Harold L. Humes, Peter Matthiessen, and George Plimpton.

The Review's "Writers at Work" series includes interviews with Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, T. S. Eliot, Jorge Luis Borges, Ralph Ellison, William Faulkner, Thornton Wilder, Robert Frost, Pablo Neruda, William Carlos Williams, and Vladimir Nabokov, among hundreds of others. Literary critic Joe David Bellamy wrote that the series was "one of the single most persistent acts of cultural conservation in the history of the world."

The headquarters of The Paris Review moved from Paris to New York City in 1973. Plimpton edited the Review from its founding until his death in 2003.
Usa (Germany)
The Usa (German pronunciation: [ˈuːza]) is a river that is 34 km (21 miles) long in Hesse, Germany. It is right tributary of the Wetter, which it joins at the outskirts of Friedberg. Its source is in the Taunus mountains, near the town Neu-Anspach. The principal towns along the river are Usingen, Bad Nauheim and Friedberg.

Bad Nauheim
Bad Nauheim (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈnaʊhaɪm] ⓘ) is a spa town in Wetteraukreis, Hesse, Germany.

As of 2020, Bad Nauheim has a population of 32,493. The town is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Frankfurt am Main, on the east edge of the Taunus mountain range. It is a world-famous resort, noted for its salt springs, which are used to treat heart and nerve diseases. A Nauheim (or "effervescent") bath, named after Bad Nauheim, is a type of spa bath through which carbon dioxide is bubbled. This bath was one of several types of hydrotherapy used at the Battle Creek Sanitarium and it was also used at the Maurice Bathhouse in Bathhouse Row in the early 1900s during the heyday of hydrotherapy. The Konitzky Foundation, a charitable foundation and hospital for those without economic means, was founded in 1896 and its building occupies a central place next to the Kurpark.
Thep Kasattri
Thep Kasattri (Thai: เทพกษัตรีย์) or Thep Kasat Chao (Thai: เทพกษัตรเจ้า), Siamese princess, was the fifth child and third daughter of King Maha Chakkraphat and Queen Suriyothai. She married the King of Lan Xang, Setthathirath.

Lan Xang
Lan Xang (Lao: ລ້ານຊ້າງ, pronounced [lâːn sâːŋ]), also spelled Lan Sang,  was a Lao kingdom that held the area of present-day Laos from 1353 to 1707. For three and a half centuries, Lan Xang was one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia and the world. The kingdom is the basis for Laos's national historic and cultural identity.
Androsterone sulfate
Androsterone sulfate, also known as 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one 3α-sulfate, is an endogenous, naturally occurring steroid and one of the major urinary metabolites of androgens. It is a steroid sulfate which is formed from sulfation of androsterone by the steroid sulfotransferase SULT2A1 and can be desulfated back into androsterone by steroid sulfatase.

Endogeny (biology)
Endogeny, in biology, refers to the property of originating or developing from within an organism, tissue, or cell.

For example, endogenous substances, and endogenous processes are those that originate within a living system (e.g. an organism or a cell). For instance, estradiol is an endogenous estrogen hormone produced within the body, whereas ethinylestradiol is an exogenous synthetic estrogen, commonly used in birth control pills.

In contrast, exogenous substances and exogenous processes are those that originate from outside of an organism.
Business Archives Council
The Business Archives Council is an organisation based in London that exists to promote the preservation of business records of historical significance. It was founded in 1934 and publishes a journal Business Archives, a newsletter, and books in conjunction with Manchester University Press and Ashgate. It is a registered charity number 313336.

Manchester University Press
Manchester University Press is the university press of the University of Manchester, England, and a publisher of academic books and journals. Manchester University Press has developed into an international publisher. It maintains its links with the University.
R. W. Buzzard
R. W. Buzzard is an American jurist who, as of 2019, is a judge of the District Court of Lewis County, a rural county in the state of Washington. Buzzard has criticized the adequacy of court security in Washington and, on several occasions, has descended from the bench to personally restrain criminal defendants attempting to flee.

Lewis County, Washington
Lewis County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 82,149. The county seat is Chehalis, and its largest city is Centralia. Lewis County comprises the Centralia, WA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Seattle-Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area.
Billy Findlay
William Findlay (born 29 August 1970) is a Scottish former footballer who played as a midfielder. Findlay began his senior career with Hibernian, making just over 100 appearances for the Easter Road side before moving back to hometown club Kilmarnock in the mid-1990s. From there, Findlay spent a year with Ayrshire rivals Ayr United before a short spell with Queen of the South.

After leaving senior football, Findlay played for Maybole up until the mid-2000s.

Findlay is now active on the darts scene and indeed is deadly on the double 10, he also occasionally dabbles in emptying HGV's.

Ayr United F.C.
Ayr United Football Club are a football club in Ayr, Scotland, who play in the Scottish Championship, the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League. Formed in 1910 by the merger of Ayr Parkhouse and Ayr F.C., their nickname is The Honest Men, from a line in the Robert Burns poem "Tam o' Shanter". They play at Somerset Park.

The club is currently managed by Scott Brown. The club have spent 34 seasons in Scotland's top division, the last being 1977–78, and have been the champions of the second tier of Scottish football on six occasions, and of the third tier on three occasions. The club's most successful manager, Ally MacLeod, went on to manage the Scotland national team. In 2018, Ayr United secured promotion to the Scottish Championship as champions of League One.
Katerine Giguère
Katerine Giguère is a Canadian cinematographer. She is most noted for her work on the documentary film Scrap, for which she was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Cinematography in a Documentary at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023.

Her other credits have included the films Status Quo? The Unfinished Business of Feminism in Canada, Derby Crazy Love, My Mother's Letters (Les lettres de ma mère) and Greyland.

She is the daughter of documentary filmmaker Serge Giguère and producer Sylvie Van Brabant.

11th Canadian Screen Awards
The 11th Canadian Screen Awards, presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television, honoured achievements in Canadian film, television and digital media production in 2022. The ceremonies were held at Meridian Hall in Toronto from April 11–14, 2023, as part of Canadian Screen Week, returning to an in-person ceremony for the first time since being suspended in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Highlights of the ceremonies aired in a CBC Television special on April 16, 2023, hosted by Samantha Bee.

Nominees for all awards were announced on February 22, 2023. Brother led the film nominations, with 14 nods, while the CBC/BET+ drama The Porter led in television with 19 nods. Brother and The Porter would each win 12 awards, including the awards for best motion picture and dramatic series respectively.
Tom McDonald (soccer)
Tom McDonald (born 1959) is an American retired soccer defender who played in the North American Soccer League and Major Indoor Soccer League.

McDonald, younger brother of Ken McDonald, graduated from William Tennent High School where he was a 1977 All State soccer player.  He then attended Philadelphia Textile where he was a 1980 Second Team and 1981 First Team All American soccer player.  In January 1982, the Fort Lauderdale Strikers selected McDonald in the first round (tenth overall) of the North American Soccer League draft.  The Strikers released him in March 1982.  He played the 1982-1983 Major Indoor Soccer League season with the Pittsburgh Spirit.

Thomas Jefferson University
Thomas Jefferson University is a private research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Established in its earliest form in 1824, the university officially combined with Philadelphia University in 2017. The university is named for U.S. Founding Father and president Thomas Jefferson. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

To signify its heritage, the university sometimes carries the nomenclature Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University) in its branding.
2015 Internationaux de Tennis de Vendée
The 2015 Internationaux de Tennis de Vendée was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Mouilleron-le-Captif, France between 9 and 15 November 2015.

Benoît Paire
Benoît "Ben" Paire (French pronunciation: [bənwa pɛːʁ]; born 8 May 1989) is a French professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of World No. 18, achieved in January 2016.

He has won three singles titles, at the 2015 Swedish Open, the 2019 Marrakesh Open and the 2019 Lyon Open. His best result in a Grand Slam has been reaching the fourth round on four occasions. He has a career-high ranking of World No. 65 in doubles achieved on 15 November 2021.

In 2015, Paire was voted Comeback Player of the Year, rising from world No. 118 ATP singles ranking at year-end 2014 to a then career-high world No. 19 at year-end 2015, after a knee injury had sidelined him for much of 2014.
654 Zelinda
654 Zelinda is a minor planet orbiting the Sun that was discovered on 4 January 1908 by German astronomer August Kopff. It is orbiting the Sun at a distance of 2.297 AU with an orbital eccentricity of 0.23 and a period of 3.48 yr. The orbital plane is inclined at an angle of 18.1° to the plane of the ecliptic. On favorable oppositions, it can be as bright as magnitude 10.0, as observed on January 30, 2016.

In 1988, this object was detected with radar from the Arecibo Observatory at a distance of 0.89 AU. The measured radar cross-section was 2,200 km2. Measurements made using the adaptive optics system at the W. M. Keck Observatory give a diameter estimate of 131 km. This is 13% smaller than the diameter estimated from the IRAS observatory measurements. It is roughly triangular in shape, and spins with a synodic rotation period of 31.735 h.

Adaptive optics
Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique of precisely deforming a mirror in order to compensate for light distortion. It is used in astronomical telescopes and laser communication systems to remove the effects of atmospheric distortion, in microscopy, optical fabrication and in retinal imaging systems (ophthalmoscopy) to reduce optical aberrations. Adaptive optics works by measuring the distortions in a wavefront and compensating for them with a device that corrects those errors such as a deformable mirror or a liquid crystal array.

Adaptive optics should not be confused with active optics, which work on a longer timescale to correct the primary mirror geometry.

Other methods can achieve resolving power exceeding the limit imposed by atmospheric distortion, such as speckle imaging, aperture synthesis, and lucky imaging, or by moving outside the atmosphere with space telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope.
Minnie M. Mathan
Minnie Mariam Mathan (née Thomas, born 1937) is a pathologist, a pioneer in India in gastrointestinal ultrastructure research and medical administrator. She pioneered studies in the pathogenesis of intestinal lesions in tropical sprue and of the rotavirus as an important cause of acute diarrhea in Indian children.

Tropical sprue
Tropical sprue is a malabsorption disease commonly found in tropical regions, marked with abnormal flattening of the villi and inflammation of the lining of the small intestine. It differs significantly from coeliac sprue. It appears to be a more severe form of environmental enteropathy.
Hooper–Bowler–Hillstrom House
The Hooper–Bowler–Hillstrom House is a historic house museum in Belle Plaine, Minnesota, United States.  The original section of the house was built around 1871.  The second owner built an addition in the late 1880s that includes a two-story outhouse connected to the house via a skyway.  The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for its significance in the themes of architecture and commerce.  It was nominated for being Scott County's best preserved 19th-century frame house and for its successive ownership by two prominent local businessmen.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.

Ion implantation
Ion implantation is a low-temperature process by which ions of one element are accelerated into a solid target, thereby changing the target's physical, chemical, or electrical properties. Ion implantation is used in semiconductor device fabrication and in metal finishing, as well as in materials science research. The ions can alter the elemental composition of the target (if the ions differ in composition from the target) if they stop and remain in the target.  Ion implantation also causes chemical and physical changes when the ions impinge on the target at high energy. The crystal structure of the target can be damaged or even destroyed by the energetic collision cascades, and ions of sufficiently high energy (tens of MeV) can cause nuclear transmutation.