hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln
Since his death in 1865, Abraham Lincoln has been an iconic American figure depicted, usually favorably or heroically, in many forms. Lincoln has often been portrayed by Hollywood, almost always in a flattering light. He has been depicted in a wide range of forms including alternative timelines, animation, documentary, small cameos, and fictionalized interpretations.

Francis Ford (actor)
Francis Ford (born Francis Joseph Feeney; August 14, 1881 – September 5, 1953) was an American film actor, writer and director. He was the mentor and elder brother of film director John Ford. As an actor, director and producer, he was one of the first filmmakers in Hollywood.

He also appeared in many of his brother John's movies as a character actor, including The Informer (1935), Young Mr. Lincoln (1939), and The Quiet Man (1952). He gave a memorable performance as one of the men who is lynched in The Ox-Bow Incident.
Maniyy
Maniyy or mazi is a term in Islamic jurisprudence which refers to the sexual fluids of a man or woman.

Understanding the concept of maniyy is important for ascertaining various Islamic states of ritual purity, in particular, as it relates to a ghusl (ritual bath).

Ghusl
Ghusl (Arabic: غسل ġusl, IPA: [ˈɣʊsl]) is an Arabic term that means the full-body ritual purification which is mandatory before the performance of various Islamic activities and prayers. For any Muslim, it is performed  after sexual intercourse (i.e. it is fardh), before Friday prayer and prayers for Islamic holidays, before entering the ihram in preparation for Hajj, after having lost consciousness, and after formally converting to Islam. Sunni Muslims also perform the ablution before Salat al-Tawba "Prayer of Repentance".

Ghusl is often translated as "full ablution", as opposed to the "partial ablution" or wudu وضوء that Muslims perform after lesser impurities such as urination, defecation, flatulence, deep sleep, and light bleeding (depending on the madhhab).

Ghusl is a ritual bath.: 471
Qurh, Saudi Arabia
Al-Qurh, is a village and archaeological site near Al-'Ula, north of Medina Saudi Arabia. The name
القرح name translates as ulcers

Qurh, also known as al-Ma'abiyat, was the principal settlement of Wadi al-Qura and is identified with the ruins of al-Ma'abiyat in Wadi al-'Ula, eighteen kilometers southeast of the oasis Al-'Ula.

Al-Maqdisi
Shams al-Din Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr, commonly known by the nisba al-Maqdisi or al-Muqaddasī,, meaning Jerusalemite, was a medieval Arab geographer, author of The Best Divisions in the Knowledge of the Regions and Description of Syria (Including Palestine).

His work has been praised for its vivid descriptions, especially of his native Palestine, an identity with which he proudly identified.
Cahersiveen railway station
Cahersiveen railway station was on the Great Southern and Western Railway (GS&WR) which ran from Farranfore to Valentia Harbour in the Republic of Ireland.  The station served Cahersiveen in County Kerry.

Great Southern and Western Railway
The Great Southern and Western Railway (GS&WR) was an Irish gauge (1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)) railway company in Ireland from 1844 until 1924. The GS&WR grew by building lines and making a series of takeovers, until in the late 19th and early 20th centuries it was the largest of Ireland's "Big Four" railway networks. At its peak the GS&WR had an 1,100-mile (1,800 km) network, of which 240 miles (390 km) were double track.

The core of the GS&WR was the Dublin Kingsbridge – Cork main line; Ireland's "Premier Line", and still one of her most important main line railways. The company's headquarters were at Kingsbridge station. At its greatest extent the GS&WR included, in addition to the Dublin – Cork main line, the Dublin – Waterford and Mallow – Waterford lines and numerous branch lines.
The House of the Arrow (1953 film)
The House of the Arrow is a 1953 British mystery film directed by Michael Anderson and starring Oskar Homolka, Robert Urquhart and Yvonne Furneaux. It was written by Edward Dryhurst and is the fourth film version of the 1924 novel The House of the Arrow by A. E. W. Mason, featuring his French detective Inspector Hanaud.

A. E. W. Mason
Alfred Edward Woodley Mason (7 May 1865 – 22 November 1948) was an English author and Liberal Party Member of Parliament. He is best remembered for his 1902 novel of courage and cowardice in wartime, The Four Feathers, and is also known as the creator of Inspector Hanaud, a French detective who was an early template for Agatha Christie's famous Hercule Poirot.

His prolific output in short stories and novels were frequently made and remade into films during his lifetime; though many of the silent versions have been lost or forgotten, the productions of Fire Over England (1937) and The Four Feathers (1939) remain enduring classics of British cinema.
David Murray Lyon
David Malcolm Murray Lyon FRSE DPH (1888-1956) was an English physician and medical author. He was president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh from 1945–47, and was editor of the Edinburgh Medical Journal.

Jonathan Campbell Meakins
Jonathan Campbell Meakins CBE FRSE (18 May 1882 – 12 October 1959) was a Canadian physician and medical author and member of the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame. In authorship he is known as J. C. Meakins. He published over 160 works, including the textbook The Practice of Medicine. He was also the founder and first president of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. He was the Dean of the McGill University's Faculty of Medicine from 1941 to 1948.
Developmental theory of crime
In 1993, American psychologist Terrie Moffitt described a dual taxonomy of offending behavior in an attempt to explain the developmental processes that lead to the distinctive shape of the age crime curve. Moffitt proposed that there are two main types of antisocial offenders in society: The adolescence-limited offenders, who exhibit antisocial behavior only during adolescence, and the life-course-persistent offenders, who begin to behave antisocially early in childhood and continue this behavior into adulthood. This theory is used with respect to antisocial behavior instead of crime due to the differing definitions of 'crime' among cultures. Due to similar characteristics and trajectories, this theory can be applied to both females and males.

Terrie E. Moffitt
Terrie Edith Moffitt MBE FBA (born March 9, 1955) is an American-British clinical psychologist who is best known for her pioneering research on the development of antisocial behavior and for her collaboration with colleague and partner Avshalom Caspi in research on gene-environment interactions in mental disorders.

Moffitt is the Nannerl O. Keohane University Professor of Psychology & Neuroscience at Duke University (USA) and Professor of Social behavior and Development in the Medical Research Council's Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Center at the Institute of Psychiatry Psychology an Neuroscience King's College London (UK). She is associate director of the Dunedin Longitudinal Study, which follows 1037 people born in 1972–73 in Dunedin, New Zealand. She also launched the Environmental-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, which follows 1100 British families with twins born in 1994–1995.
Gangani (Ireland)
The Gangani (Γαγγανοι) were a people of ancient Ireland who are referred to in Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography as living in the south-west of the island, probably near the mouth of the River Shannon, between the Auteini to the north and the Uellabori to the south. There appears to have been a people of the same name in north-west Wales, as Ptolemy calls the Llŷn Peninsula the "promontory of the Gangani" (Γαγγανὤν ἄκρον).

Geography (Ptolemy)
The Geography (Ancient Greek: Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις, Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, lit. "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire. Originally written by Claudius Ptolemy in Greek at Alexandria around 150 AD, the work was a revision of a now-lost atlas by Marinus of Tyre using additional Roman and Persian gazetteers and new principles.

Its translation into Arabic by al-Khwarismi in the 9th century was highly influential on the geographical knowledge and cartographic traditions of the Islamic world. Alongside the works of Islamic scholars—and the commentary containing revised and more accurate data by Alfraganus—Ptolemy's work was subsequently highly influential on Medieval and Renaissance Europe.
All-American Showcase
All-American Showcase is a double album of music by four American composers performed by the Anglo-Italian conductor Mantovani and His Orchestra. It was released in 1959 by London Recordings (catalog nos. PSA 3202 and LL 3122/3). Each of the four sides is dedicated to one of four composers: Sigmund Romberg, Victor Herbert, Irving Berlin, and Rudolf Friml. It debuted on Billboard magazine's pop album chart on January 4, 1960, peaked at the No. 8 spot, and remained on the chart for 18 weeks. AllMusic later gave it a rating of three stars.

Mantovani
Annunzio Paolo Mantovani (Italian: [anˈnuntsjo ˈpaːolo mantoˈvaːni]; 15 November 1905 – 30 March 1980) was an Italian British conductor, composer and light orchestra-styled entertainer with a cascading strings musical signature.

The book British Hit Singles & Albums stated that Mantovani was "Britain's most successful album act before the Beatles ... the first act to sell over one million stereo albums and [have] six albums simultaneously in the US Top 30 in 1959".
Carl Gustav, gjengen og parkeringsbandittene
Carl Gustav, gjengen og parkeringsbandittene (Carl Gustav, the Gang and the Parking Bandits) is a Norwegian children's mystery film from 1982. It is about 12-year-old Carl Gustav and his friends, who one day discover a playground has been converted to a parking lot. Several other playgrounds in suburban Bergen disappear. The film was directed by Ola Solum and featured Frank Arne Johansen in the lead role. The film was produced by Norsk Film and given a seven-year rating.

The film received good reviews from Aftenposten and Arbeiderbladet. It received criticism for using too much special effects, a long title and a thin plot, but was appeased for Solum's good work as a director and the good use of children in the main roles.

Dagsavisen
Dagsavisen is a daily newspaper published in Oslo, Norway. The former party organ of the Norwegian Labour Party, the ties loosened over time from 1975 to 1999. It has borne several names, and was called Arbeiderbladet from 1923 to 1997. Eirik Hoff Lysholm is editor-in-chief. The newspaper depends on economic support from the Norwegian Government.
Lemon grove
A grove of lemon trees is a citrus grove specifically of the lemon. Other things named that include:

Lemon Grove, California
Lemon Grove School District
Lemon Grove Middle School
Lemon Grove Depot
Lemon Grove Incident

Lemon Grove, Florida

Lemon Grove School District
Lemon Grove School District is a school district based in Lemon Grove in San Diego County, California.

It runs one middle school, two K-8 schools, and four elementary schools. Lemon Grove School district was officially founded on March 18, 1893 when the San Diego County Board of Supervisors and Harry Wagner, County School Superintendent, approved the boundaries of the Lemon Grove District.

The superintendent of the district is Erica Balakian. The district is managed by a five-person Governing Board.
Kieran Martin
Kieran Martin (born 1990 in Drumraney, County Westmeath) is an Irish sportsperson. A dual player, he plays both Gaelic football and hurling with his local club Maryland and has been a member of the Westmeath senior inter-county team in both codes since 2009.

Westmeath GAA
The Westmeath County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae na hIarmhí) or Westmeath GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Westmeath. The county board is also responsible for the Westmeath county teams.

The county football team won the Leinster Senior Football Championship in 2004. The county hurling team contests the Liam MacCarthy Cup via the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship.
Isidore Goudeket
Isidore Goudeket (1 August 1883 in Amsterdam – 9 July 1943 in Sobibor extermination camp, Poland) was a Dutch gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Dutch gymnastics team, which finished seventh in the team event. In the individual all-around competition he finished 62nd.

He was murdered in the Sobibor extermination camp.

Gymnastics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic individual all-around
The men's individual all-around, also known as the heptathlon, was one of two gymnastics events on the Gymnastics at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. As suggested by the alternate name, the competition included seven events with the scores summed to give a final score. Each nation could enter up to 20 gymnasts, with France and Great Britain each entering the maximum. A total of 97 gymnasts from 12 nations competed. The event was won by Alberto Braglia of Italy, the nation's first medal in the men's individual all-around. Silver went to Walter Tysall of Great Britain, the first medal for the nation as well. France's Louis Ségura earned bronze.

Unlike in 1904, the results for the individual all-around were not used for the men's team event in 1908.
Trans Guyana Airways
Trans Guyana Airways Limited is a Guyanese airline which commenced operations in 1956 in Georgetown, Guyana, with a single float airplane. Since then, the company has expanded its fleet to provide domestic and regional transportation, and to Guyana's remote areas.

Trans Guyana Airways is a member of the Correia Group of Companies along with Caribbean Aviation Maintenance Services, Evergreen Adventures, Baganara Island Resort and the Correia Mining Company.

In addition to serving Guyana's interior, Trans Guyana Airways works in cooperation with Gum Air to provide a scheduled air-link between Paramaribo (Suriname) and Georgetown (Guyana). The carriers operate seven days a week between Eugene F. Correia International Airport (SYEC) and Zorg en Hoop Airport (SMZO).

Trans Guyana linked with KLM in 2019 to provide flights from Guyana to the Netherlands via Suriname in 12 hours.

KLM
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, or simply KLM (an abbreviation for their official name Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈlʏxtfaːrt ˌmaːtsxɑˈpɛi ˌɛnˈveː], lit. 'Royal Aviation Company'), is the flag carrier of the Netherlands. KLM’s headquarters are located in Amstelveen, with its hub at nearby Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. It is a subsidiary of the Air France–KLM group and a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. Founded in 1919, KLM is the oldest operating airline still using its original name, having gone through significant changes in its ownership and legal structure over its history, including a period of majority government ownership. The company had a fleet of 110 aircraft (excluding subsidiaries) and 35,488 employees as of 2021. KLM operates scheduled passenger and cargo services to 145 destinations.
Dre Greenlaw
Ke'Aundre J'Quan Greenlaw (born May 25, 1997) is an American professional football linebacker for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Arkansas Razorbacks and was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the fifth round of the 2019 NFL draft.

Arkansas Razorbacks football
The Arkansas Razorbacks football program represents the University of Arkansas in the sport of American football. The Razorbacks compete in the 
Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Home games are played at stadiums on or near the two largest campuses of the University of Arkansas System: Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville and War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock.

The program began in 1894 and has compiled an all-time record of 740–539–40, for a .576 winning percentage. The Razorbacks have won 13 conference championships and have had 58 players honored as All-Americans. Arkansas claims one national championship (1964) awarded by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA).
Dirk Obbink
Dirk D. Obbink (born 13 January 1957 in Lincoln, Nebraska) is an American papyrologist and classicist. He was Lecturer in Papyrology and Greek Literature in the Faculty of Classics at Oxford University until 6 February 2021, and was the head of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri Project until August 2016. Obbink was also a fellow and tutor in Greek at Christ Church Oxford, from which role he was suspended in October 2019, as a result of allegations that he had stolen some of the Oxyrhynchus papyri and sold them to the Museum of the Bible.

Hobby Lobby
Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., formerly Hobby Lobby Creative Centers, is an American chain of retail arts and crafts stores with a volume of over $5 billion in 2018. The chain has 1,001 stores in 48 U.S. states. The Green family founded Hobby Lobby to express their evangelical Protestant beliefs and the chain incorporates American conservative values and Christian media.
Holly Woodlawn
Holly Woodlawn (October 26, 1946 – December 6, 2015), born Haroldo Santiago Franceschi Rodriguez Danhakl and for some years known as Harold Ajzenberg, was  an American actress. Best known as a Warhol superstar, she appeared in the films Trash (1970) and Women in Revolt (1971). She also acted in Off-off Broadway theater productions. In 1991, Woodlawn published a memoir entitled A Low Life in High Heels.

Woodlawn was mentioned in Lou Reed's 1972 hit song "Walk on the Wild Side".

Off-off-Broadway
Off-off-Broadway theaters are smaller New York City theaters than Broadway and off-Broadway theaters, and usually have fewer than 100 seats. The off-off-Broadway movement began in 1958 as part of a response to perceived commercialism of the professional theatre scene and as an experimental or avant-garde movement of drama and theatre. Over time, some off-off-Broadway productions have moved away from the movement's early experimental spirit.
Elbchaussee
The Elbchaussee (German pronunciation: [ˈɛlpʃɔˌseː]) is a famous thoroughfare of Hamburg, Germany, joining the city's western Elbe suburbs (Elbvororte) Othmarschen, Nienstedten and Blankenese with Altona and Hamburg's inner city. Running along the elevated northern Elbe shore, across Geest heights, embedded forests and meadows, the Elbchaussee offers scenic views across the widening Lower Elbe, onto the opposite plains of Altes Land, and the distant activities of the port's container terminals.

Elbchaussee is best known for its many stately homes and villas, framed by ancient trees and lush parks and gardens. Developed as a residential road in the 18th century, at times also center of a local recreational area, Elbchaussee today is still home to many of Hamburg's finest residences, restaurants and hotels. At a length of 8.6 kilometers (5.3 miles) and a traffic volume of 40,000 cars per day, it also covers functions as a local collector road and one of Hamburg's arterial roads.

Hamburg-Mitte
Hamburg-Mitte (German pronunciation: [ˈhambʊʁk ˈmɪtə], "Hamburg Central") is one of the seven boroughs of Hamburg, Germany, covering most of the city's urban center. The quarters of Hamburg-Altstadt and Neustadt cover much of the city's historic core. In 2020 the population was 301,231.
Fantastična
Fantastična (English: Fantastic) is the sixth studio album by Bosnian pop singer Donna Ares. It was released 14 May 2009 through BN Music in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Hrkalović Production in Serbia. The album was successful and broke sales records within the first weeks of its release.

The album contained an eclectic mix of pop, folk, rock and house music. Many listeners likened the style of several of the songs to the 1980s music of Lepa Brena.

RTV BN
RTV BN (Cyrillic: PTB БH) is a Bosnian radio-television company based in Bijeljina. The company was founded on 5 May 1998 as VIP Productions before renaming to RTV BN in 2009. RTV BN is currently the highest rated TV channel in Republika Srpska entity of BiH. RTV BN has over 200 employees with news correspondents in BiH, Belgrade, London, US and Vienna, as well as other cities. RTV BN is currently available in Europe, North America (USA and Canada), Australia, and New Zealand via satellite.
Jessie (surname)
Jessie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

DeWayne Jessie (born 1951), American actor

Ron Jessie (1948–2006), American football player

Tim Jessie (born 1963), American football player

Tim Jessie
Timothy LaWayne Jessie (born March 1, 1963) is a former gridiron football running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He played college football at Auburn University and was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the eleventh round of the 1987 NFL draft with the 305th overall pick.
Citylink (Taiwanese shopping malls)
Citylink (styled as CITYLINK) is a chain of shopping malls in Taiwan. It has four branches in Taipei, and a fifth branch in New Taipei is under planning. All of the malls are connected to mass transit stations. 
The malls are owned by Ruentex Development Co. (潤泰新), which opened the first Citylink mall in 2012 as part of the redevelopment of  Songshan station.

Culture Convenience Club
Culture Convenience Club Company, Limited (カルチュア・コンビニエンス・クラブ株式会社, Karuchua Konbiniensu Kurabu Kabushikigaisha) is a Japanese company that operates Tsutaya (蔦屋), a chain of video rental shops and bookstores throughout Japan, Taiwan and China. The company is headquartered in Ebisu, Tokyo. The stock of the company was formerly listed in the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TYO: 4756), but it has since been delisted following a management buyout in 2011.
Podsreda
Podsreda (pronounced [pɔˈtsɾeːda]; German: Hörberg)  is a village in the Municipality of Kozje in eastern Slovenia. It is located near the Croatian border, in the traditional region of Styria. It is known for its market, which takes place every Sunday, and for Podsreda Castle, located above the village itself.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to John the Baptist and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was built between 1802 and 1810.

Podsreda Castle is a castle south of the main settlement.  It dates to around 1150 and is probably the best-preserved example of secular Romanesque architecture in Slovenia.  It features a typical 12th-century defensive tower (keep), a Romanesque chapel, and two wings from about the same period. The orderly, rectangular plan is also typical of the late Romanesque period.

Diocese of Celje
The Diocese of Celje (Latin: Dioecesis Celeiensis; Slovene: Škofija Celje) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Celje in the ecclesiastical province of Maribor in Slovenia.