hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wallgrove Aerodrome
33°47′07″S 150°52′17″E﻿ / ﻿33.785398°S 150.871457°E﻿ / -33.785398; 150.871457
Wallgrove Aerodrome was a Royal Australian Air Force satellite and emergency airfield at Doonside, New South Wales, Australia during World War II.

The aerodrome was built in 1942 and the runway was 5000 ft (1524m) long and 150 ft (45.72m) wide running NW-SW. After World War II the aerodrome was closed in 1946 and reverted to farmland.

A number of former revetments are still in existence and the runway can still be located. An industrial area has been built over the southern end of the aerodrome.

Revetment (aircraft)
A revetment, in military aviation, is a parking area for one or more aircraft that is surrounded by blast walls on three sides. These walls are as much about protecting neighbouring aircraft as it is to protect the aircraft within the revetment; if a combat aircraft loaded with fuel and munitions was to ignite, a chain reaction might lead to the destruction of its neighbours. The blast walls around a revetment are designed to channel any blast and damage upwards and outwards, away from neighbouring aircraft.
Eric Muriithi Muga
Eric Mūrììthi (born 14 July 1992) is the current Kenyan Cabinet Secretary in charge of the Ministry of Water, Sanitation, and Irrigation. At 32 years old, Eric was appointed as the youngest member of President William Ruto's cabinet on July 19, 2024. He hails from Athi, Igembe South, Meru County, and is a civil engineer by profession.

Eric studied at Lenana School from 2006 to 2009. He later on enrolled to the University of Nairobi for his undergraduate studies. Eric holds a Master’s degree in Civil Engineering with a specialization in Water Resources from the University of Nairobi. Eric joined the list of young Kenyans serving in President Ruto's administration.

On August 2, 2024, he appeared before the Parliamentary Committee on Appointments for vetting, where he declared his wealth at Ksh. 31 million. Upon approval by Parliament, Eric was sworn in as Cabinet Secretary on August 8, 2024.

Igembe South Constituency
Igembe South Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of nine constituencies of Meru County. The constituency was established for the 1988 elections. It was known as Igembe Constituency before the 2007 elections.

It was one of four constituencies of the former Meru North District.
Constituency Website, www.igembesouth.co.ke
1980 US Open – Mixed doubles
Greer Stevens and Bob Hewitt were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Candy Reynolds and Steve Denton.

Wendy Turnbull and Marty Riessen won in the final 7–5, 6–2 against Betty Stöve and Frew McMillan.

Wendy Turnbull
Wendy Turnbull, MBE (born 26 November 1952) is an Australian retired tennis player. During her career, she won nine Grand Slam titles, four of them in women's doubles and five of them in mixed doubles. She also was a three-time Grand Slam runner-up in singles and won 11 singles titles and 55 doubles titles.
The Cheese and the Worms
The Cheese and the Worms (Italian: Il formaggio e i vermi) is a scholarly work by the Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg, published in 1976. The book is a notable example of the history of mentalities, microhistory, and cultural history. It has been called "probably the most popular and widely read work of microhistory".

The study examines the unique religious beliefs and cosmogony of Menocchio (1532–1599), also known as Domenico Scandella, who was an Italian miller from the village of Montereale, 25 kilometers north of Pordenone in modern northern Italy. He was from the peasant class, and not a learned aristocrat or man of letters; Ginzburg places him in the tradition of popular culture and pre-Christian naturalistic peasant religions. Due to his outspoken beliefs, he was declared a heresiarch (heretic) and burned at the stake during the Roman Inquisition.

Heresiarch
In Christian theology, a heresiarch (also hæresiarch, according to the Oxford English Dictionary; from Greek: αἱρεσιάρχης, hairesiárkhēs via the late Latin haeresiarcha) or arch-heretic is an originator of heretical doctrine or the founder of a sect that sustains such a doctrine.
Internet checksum
The Internet checksum, also called the IPv4 header checksum is a checksum used in version 4 of the Internet Protocol (IPv4) to detect corruption in the header of IPv4 packets. It is carried in the IPv4 packet header, and represents the 16-bit result of the summation of the header words.

The IPv6 protocol does not use header checksums. Its designers considered that the whole-packet link layer checksumming provided in protocols, such as PPP and Ethernet, combined with the use of checksums in upper layer protocols such as TCP and UDP, are sufficient. Thus, IPv6 routers are relieved of the task of recomputing the checksum whenever the packet changes, for instance by the lowering of the hop limit counter on every hop.

The Internet checksum is mandatory to detect  errors in IPv6 UDP packets (including data payload).

The Internet checksum is used to detect  errors in ICMP packets (including data payload).

Time to live
Time to live (TTL) or hop limit is a mechanism which limits the lifespan or lifetime of data in a computer or network. TTL may be implemented as a counter or timestamp attached to or embedded in the data. Once the prescribed event count or timespan has elapsed, data is discarded or revalidated. In computer networking, TTL prevents a data packet from circulating indefinitely. In computing applications, TTL is commonly used to improve the performance and manage the caching of data.
Skosana
Skosana is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben Skosana (1947–2014), South African politician

Brian Skosana (born 1991), South African rugby union player

Gijimani Skosana (born 1978), South African politician in the National Assembly since 2017 and former mayor of Dr JS Moroka

James Skosana (1962–2021), South African politician in the National Assembly (2009–2018) and Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature

Lwazi Skosana (born 1991), South African footballer

Maki Skosana (c. 1961–1985), South African woman who was burned to death

Death of Maki Skosana
Maki Skosana (c. 1961 – July 20, 1985) was a black South African woman who was burned to death and the footage broadcast live on South Africa's state-run television. She was killed by a mob of anti-apartheid activists who suspected her of being an informant. Her death by "necklacing" elicited outrage beyond the nation. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission has identified Skosana as the first known victim of necklacing, although it is more likely that she was not the first such death, only the first filmed.
54 Below
54 Below is a nonprofit cabaret and restaurant in the basement of Studio 54 in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Run by Broadway producers Steve Baruch, Richard Frankel, Marc Routh and Tom Viertel, 54 Below has hosted shows by such performers as Patti LuPone, Ben Vereen, Sierra Boggess, Peggy King, Lea Salonga, Marilyn Maye, Luann de Lesseps and Barbara Cook.

Ben Vereen
Benjamin Augustus Vereen (né Middleton; October 10, 1946) is an American actor, dancer, and singer. He gained prominence for his performances in the original Broadway productions of the musicals Jesus Christ Superstar, for which he received a Tony Award nomination, and Pippin, for which he won the 1973 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical.
Budhni
Budhni, also spelled Budni or Budhani, is a town and a Nagar Palika in Sehore district  in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is situated on Bhopal to Narmadapuram road at a distance of 7 km from Narmadapuram in north direction on the banks of Narmada River.It is also famous for Tractor testing i.e. CFMTTI (Institute under central government or Tractor Nagar.

Hoshangabad
Hoshangabad (Hindi: IPA: [ɦoːʃə̃ŋɡɑːbɑːd]), officially Narmadapuram ([nəɾmədɑːəpʊɾəm]), is a city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of both Hoshangabad district and Narmadapuram division. It is located in central India, on the south bank of the Narmada River. Hoshangabad is 76.7 km (47.7 mi) from the capital of Madhya Pradesh and the nearest airport Bhopal.
Oleksandr Rudynskyi
Oleksandr Rudynskyi (Ukrainian: Олександр Рудинський) (born 23 July 1996), also known as Sasha Rudynskyi   is a Ukrainian stage, television and film actor. In 2025, he received the title of Merited Artist of Ukraine.

Rudynskyi attended the Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Kary Theatre, Cinema and Television University from 2014 to 2018. After graduating, he performed as Sir Toby Belch in a production of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night at the Theatre on the Left bank of the Dnieper. In recent years Rudynskyi has performed in roles for both film and television, including the title role in the Canadian short film Goodbye Golovin, which later won Best Short Film at the Odesa International Film Festival in 2020, the Netflix series The Decameron, a recurring role in the 2024 Paramount+ with Showtime series The Agency starring Michael Fassbender and the lead role in BAFTA award winning short film Rock, Paper, Scissors.

Odesa International Film Festival
The Odesa International Film Festival (Ukrainian: Оде́ський міжнаро́дний кінофестива́ль) is an annual film festival held in the middle of July in Odesa, Ukraine.

Since 2016 the festival program has consisted of three parts: the International competition, National competition and European Documentary competition. The National competition is divided into Features and Shorts.
Tullyvallen massacre
The Tullyvallen massacre took place on 1 September 1975, when Irish republican gunmen attacked an Orange Order meeting hall at Tullyvallen, near Newtownhamilton in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. The Orange Order is an Ulster Protestant and unionist brotherhood. Five Orangemen were killed and seven wounded in the shooting. The "South Armagh Republican Action Force" claimed responsibility, saying it was retaliation for a string of attacks on Catholic civilians by Loyalists. It is believed members of the Provisional IRA carried out the attack, despite the organisation being on ceasefire.

Irish Catholics
Irish Catholics (Irish: Caitlicigh na hÉireann) are an ethnoreligious group native to Ireland whose members are both Catholic and Irish. The diaspora and the descendants of Irish Catholics includes millions of Americans, Canadians and Australians. In countries like the United States, Canada and Australia, many Catholics descend from Irish immigrants/migrants who passed down their faith.
Amy Schulman
Amy Weinfeld Schulman is an American healthcare biotech venture capitalist, trained as a lawyer, who serves as a managing partner at Polaris Partners. She focuses on investing in healthcare companies and early-stage biotech start-ups. She also chairs the Board of Directors for Alnylam Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: ALNY) and ByHeart, and represents Polaris as a director for Kallyope, Thirty Madison, QurAlis, and Larkspur. She also practiced as a lawyer.

Partner (business rank)
A partner in a law firm, accounting firm, consulting firm, or financial firm is a highly ranked position, traditionally indicating co-ownership of a partnership in which the partners were entitled to a share of the profits as "equity partners". The title can also be used in corporate entities where equity is held by shareholders.
Polk Valley Run
Polk Valley Run (also known as Poke Valley Run or Snipe Valley Creek) is a tributary of Saucon Creek in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It is approximately 1.9 miles (3.1 km) long and flows through Lower Saucon Township and Hellertown. The watershed of the stream has an area of 2.13 square miles (5.5 km2). A reach of the stream is designated as an impaired waterbody due to siltation from agriculture. However, wild trout and other wildlife are present in and around it. Most of the watershed is forested.

Turbidity
Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye. The measurement of turbidity is a key test of both water clarity and water quality.

Fluids can contain suspended solid matter consisting of particles of many different sizes. While some suspended material will be large enough and heavy enough to settle rapidly to the bottom of the container if a liquid sample is left to stand (the settable solids), very small particles will settle only very slowly or not at all if the sample is regularly agitated or the particles are colloidal. These small solid particles cause the liquid to appear turbid.

Turbidity (or haze) is also applied to transparent solids such as glass or plastic. In plastic production, haze is defined as the percentage of light that is deflected more than 2.5° from the incoming light direction.
John Savident
John Frederick Joseph Savident (26 September 1937 – 21 February 2024) was a British actor, known for his numerous television roles, including his portrayal of butcher Fred Elliott in the soap opera Coronation Street from 1994-2006. He was also known for his performance as Monsieur Firmin in the West End cast of The Phantom of the Opera. He was memorable in the episode The Double Death of Charlie Crippen in the acclaimed spy-fi series Department S  (1968). His other credits include The Avengers (1968), A Clockwork Orange (1971), The Professionals (1978), Blake's 7 (1979), Yes Minister (1980), Gandhi (1982), The Remains of the Day (1993) and Middlemarch (1994).

Middlemarch (TV serial)
Middlemarch is a 1994 British television adaptation of the 1871 novel of the same name by George Eliot. Produced by the BBC in collaboration with the American station WGBH-TV, it was commissioned by Alan Yentob and broadcast on BBC2, with episodes repeated a few days later on BBC1. Comprising six episodes (seven episodes in the worldwide TV series), it is the second television adaptation of the novel.  It was directed by Anthony Page from a screenplay by Andrew Davies, and starred Juliet Aubrey, Rufus Sewell, Douglas Hodge and Patrick Malahide.
Major Stryker
Major Stryker is a 2D vertically scrolling shooter video game written for DOS by Apogee Software. Its working title was "Strike Force" and was released in January 1993. It consists of three episodes, with the first episode distributed as shareware, and the rest available commercially. The three episodes are set on a Lava Planet, an Arctic Planet and a Desert Planet. The game was re-released as freeware on March 14, 2006, and on Steam with support for Microsoft Windows and macOS in 2014.

DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. It primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later, compatible systems from other manufacturers are DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1994). MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.

Although the name has come to be identified specifically with MS-DOS and compatible operating systems, DOS is a platform-independent acronym for disk operating system, whose use predates the IBM PC. Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym, beginning with the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others include Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS.
Number Seventeen (design)
Number Seventeen was a Manhattan-based graphic design studio formed by Emily Oberman and Bonnie Siegler, in operation from 1993 to 2012. The studio specialized in graphics for print, film, and television media. Their clients included Saturday Night Live, Jane Magazine (among many others). They were also responsible for creating the iconic Will and Grace opening titles.

Before forming Number Seventeen, Oberman worked with Tibor Kalman at M&Co. Siegler was a design director at VH1.

Number Seventeen was featured in Eye magazine (No. 39, Vol. 10, Spring 2001) in an article by Steven Heller. In that article Siegler is quoted:

“Everything is storytelling,” Siegler says, “and what we are always trying to do is communicate an idea, be it an abstract solution or a narrative one. Always inherent in the idea is an emotional component that we hope will work on a more subconscious level.”

Tibor Kalman
Tibor George Kalman (Hebrew: טיבור קלמן; July 6, 1949 – May 2, 1999) was an American graphic designer of Hungarian origin, well known for his work as founder of design studio M & Co. and editor-in-chief of Colors magazine.
Postman (1995 film)
Postman (Original title: Yóuchāi) is a 1995 Chinese Mandarin drama film directed by He Jianjun and produced by Tian Yan, Shu Kei. It is the story of a shy mailman played by Feng Yuanzheng who steals and reads the letters of people on his route. The film is considered part of China's sixth generation movement.

During the making of Postman the director faced a ban and managed to release the film abroad only after smuggling print outs out of the country and completing the film abroad.

Shu Kei
Shu Kei (Chinese: 舒琪; Jyutping: syu1 kei4) or Kenneth Ip is a Hong Kong film director, screenwriter, and film critic active during the 1980s and 1990s. A graduate of The University of Hong Kong, he is best known for the 1990 film Sunless Days (沒有太陽的日子), a documentary exploring the Tiananmen Square massacre and its influence on the people of Hong Kong in the days preceding the 1997 handover of the territory to the People's Republic of China. The documentary received an OCIC Award at the 1990 Berlin International Film Festival.

Prior to filmmaking, Shu worked as a film critic, and is one of the co-founders of the Hong Kong Film Critics Society. Funscreen Weekly referred to him as "an important film critic in Hong Kong" even before he began his career in film distribution and filmmaking. He was the dean of film and television at the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts from 2005 to 2016.
Chungyo Department Store
The Chungyo Department Store (Chinese: 中友百貨公司) is a shopping mall in North District, Taichung, Taiwan that opened on 30 April 1992. With a total floor area of 89,100 m2 (959,000 sq ft) and 2,000 parking spaces, the mall has 15 floors above ground and three basement levels. Main core stores include Muji, Eslite Bookstore, Uniqlo, H&M, Jasons Market Place and various themed restaurants. The lavatories of the mall were featured on a list of the world's top 10 public restrooms by the UK-based Cheapflights website.

North District, Taichung
24°9′27.4″N 120°40′51″E﻿ / ﻿24.157611°N 120.68083°E﻿ / 24.157611; 120.68083

North District (Chinese: 北區; pinyin: Běi Qū) is an urban district in the Taiwanese city of Taichung. It was a part of Taichung before the City and County were amalgamated in 2010. The North District is one of Taichung's major developed shopping, education, and cultural areas.
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
The Journal of Applied Electrochemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media, which focuses on the technological applications of electrochemistry.

Subjects covered are energy conversion, conservation, and storage, industrial synthesis, environmental remediation, electrochemical engineering, supercapacitors, fuel and solar cells, cell design, corrosion, hydrometallurgy, surface finishing, electroplating, electrodeposition, and other applications of electrochemical research.

The journal is affiliated with the International Society of Electrochemistry.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Richard L. Black
Richard L. Black (unknown – unknown) was a farmer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cumberland County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1886 to 1890 as a Liberal Conservative member. Black married Sarah Gordon, of River Philip, Nova Scotia. He served as a captain in the Cumberland County militia. He was elected in the 1886 Nova Scotia general election but was unsuccessful in the 1890 Nova Scotia general election.

Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.
Zuiwengting Ji
Zuiwengting Ji (simplified Chinese: 醉翁亭记; traditional Chinese: 醉翁亭記; pinyin: Zùiwēngtíng Jì; lit. 'An Account of the Old Toper's Pavilion') is a semi-autobiographical essay by Ouyang Xiu (1007–1072 CE). The title refers to himself and the Zuiweng Pavilion (Zuiwengting) near Chuzhou City, Anhui, China. The essay's most well-known line is: The Old Toper cares not for the wine, his interest lies in the landscape (醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之間也), an idiom still used in modern Chinese to describe someone with an ulterior motive.

Chuzhou
Chuzhou (Chinese: 滁州; pinyin: Chúzhōu) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Anhui Province, China. It borders the provincial capital of Hefei to the south and southwest, Huainan to the west, Bengbu to the northwest, and the province of Jiangsu to the east. According to the 2010 Chinese census, the city of Chuzhou has a registered population of 3,987,054 inhabitants, of whom 1,198,719 live in the built-up (or metro) area made of two urban districts, with Lai'an County now largely being urbanized. Nevertheless, 7,260,240 persons declared to be permanent residents.
Schistura pervagata
Schistura pervagata is a species of ray-finned fish, a stone loach, in the genus Schistura. The species occurs in Laos and Vietnam in streams with moderately fast to fast currents among riffles where there are substrates which vary from gravel to stone.

Nemacheilidae
The Nemacheilidae, or stone loaches, are a family of cypriniform fishes that inhabit stream environments, mostly in Eurasia, with one genus, Afronemacheilus, found in Africa. The family includes about 790 species.