hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1909 in Afghanistan
The following lists events that happened during 1909 in Afghanistan.

In order to secure greater tranquility on the frontier, the special governor, Hakim Taniwal, was sent to the Khost Valley with a force of cavalry and infantry. He held a durbar (Imperial Assemblage) of the tribesmen at which he read a firman from the amir, and encouraged them to cease their feuds between themselves and prevent raids into British territory. They promised obedience. A telephone system is installed in various districts in order to ensure speedy communication between the frontier and Kabul.

Hakim Taniwal
Hakim Taniwal (Pashto: حکيم تڼيوال) was the governor of Paktia province in Afghanistan until he was killed by a suicide bomber on 10 September 2006, at the age of 60. Previously, had been a governor of the province of Khost, near the border with Pakistan, where al-Qaeda had established training camps during the time of the Taliban and later took refuge in the Tora Bora mountains.

Taniwal was an Afghan exile in Australia with his family before returning to Afghanistan to take the governorship. Lacking the military background, and the associated questionable human rights record, of so many of the country's past and present politicians, Taniwal was considered an effective and honest administrator before his death. He brought Shaikh Zayed University to Khost.
Bamber Gascoigne
Arthur Bamber Gascoigne CBE FRSL (/ˈɡæskɔɪn/ GASK-oyn; 24 January 1935 – 8 February 2022) was an English television presenter and author. He was the original quizmaster of University Challenge, which initially ran from 1962 to 1987.

Jonathan Cape
Jonathan Cape is a British publishing firm headquartered in London and founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.

Cape and his business partner Wren Howard (1893–1968) set up the publishing house in 1921. They established a reputation for high-quality design and production and a fine list of English-language authors, fostered by the firm's editor and reader Edward Garnett. Cape's list of writers ranged from poets including Robert Frost and C. Day Lewis, to children's authors such as Roald Dahl, Hugh Lofting and Arthur Ransome, to James Bond novels by Ian Fleming, to heavyweight fiction by James Joyce and T. E. Lawrence.

After Cape's death, the firm later merged successively with three other London publishing houses. In 1987 it was taken over by Random House. Its name continues as one of Random House's British imprints.
Craponne Canal
The Canal de Craponne(French pronunciation: [kanal də kʁapɔn], Craponne canal) is a canal in the Pélissanne commune of the Bouches-du-Rhône department of France. It was originally conceived and built between 1554 and 1559 by the engineer Adam de Craponne to bring fresh water 25km from the river Durance at La Roque-d'Anthéron, via Alleins and Lamanon, to Salon-de-Provence and the desertified plain of Crau.

The canal was such a success that it was expanded by Craponne, and was subsequently enhanced and expanded to connect to the river Rhône at Arles and the Etang de Berre, a lagoon on the Mediterranean coast, at Istres.

The canal is now renowned in French Contract Law. In 2016 an 1876 decision by the Cour de cassation was over-ruled, such that even a 300-year-old contract (circa 1559) could not be modified to accommodate a change of circumstances whereby it has become wholly unfavourable to one of the parties.

Pélissanne
Pélissanne (French pronunciation: [pelisan]; Occitan: Peliçana, Mistralian norm: Pelissano) is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southern France. It is located just east of Salon-de-Provence, within the Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis.
Papineau-Cameron
Papineau-Cameron is a township municipality in northeastern Ontario, Canada, in Nipissing District. The township is located on the south side of the Mattawa and Ottawa Rivers along Highway 17.

It is most known for its agricultural land, clean environment, pristine lakes, and trails.

Mattawa River
The Mattawa River is a river in central Ontario, Canada. It flows east from Trout Lake east of North Bay and enters the Ottawa River at the town of Mattawa. Counting from the head of Trout Lake, it is 76 kilometres (47 mi) long. The river's name comes from the Algonquin word for "meeting of waterways".

Two provincial parks are located along it: the Mattawa River Provincial Park stretches along both sides of the river's banks for almost its full length; and Samuel de Champlain Provincial Park, located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the river's end.
Seima-Turbino culture
The Seima-Turbino culture, also Seima-Turbinsky culture or Seima-Turbino phenomenon, is a pattern of burial sites with similar bronze artifacts. Seima-Turbino is attested across northern Eurasia, particularly Siberia and Central Asia, maybe from Fennoscandia to Mongolia, Northeast China, Russian Far East, Korea, and Japan. The homeland is considered to be the Altai Mountains. These findings have suggested a common point of cultural origin, possession of advanced metal working technology, and unexplained rapid migration. The buried were nomadic warriors and metal-workers, traveling on horseback or two-wheeled carts.

Anthony (2007) dated Seima-Turbino to "before 1900 BCE onwards." Currently, both Childebayeva (2017) and Marchenko (2017) date the Seima-Turbino complex to ca. 2200 – 1900 BCE.

The name derives from the Seyma cemetery near the confluence of the Oka River and Volga River, first excavated around 1914, and the Turbino cemetery in Perm, first excavated in 1924.

Volodarsk, Russia
Volodarsk (Russian: Волода́рск) is a town and the administrative center of Volodarsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Seyma River (Oka's tributary) 50 kilometers (31 mi) west of Nizhny Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  9,928 (2010 Census); 10,989 (2002 Census); 11,034 (1989 Soviet census).
Ohio v. Clark
Ohio v. Clark, 576 U.S. 237 (2015), is United States Supreme Court case opinion that narrowed the standard set in Crawford v. Washington for determining whether hearsay statements in criminal cases are permitted under the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment. The United States Supreme Court unanimously reversed the Supreme Court of Ohio on June 18, 2015. The Court held that the out-of-court statements were admissible because the primary purpose was not to create evidence. Citing a prior related case, Michigan v. Bryant, the Court formulated this test as one asking "whether a statement was given with the 'primary purpose of creating an out-of-court substitute for trial testimony.'"

Supreme Court of Ohio
The Supreme Court of the State of Ohio is the highest court in the U.S. state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution. The court has seven members, a chief justice and six associate justices, who are elected at large by the voters of Ohio for six-year terms. The court has a total of 1,550 other employees. Since 2004, the court has met in the Thomas J. Moyer Ohio Judicial Center (formerly known as the Ohio Departments Building) on the east bank of the Scioto River in Downtown Columbus. Prior to 2004, the court met in the James A. Rhodes State Office Tower and earlier in the Judiciary Annex (now the Senate Building) of the Ohio Statehouse.

The Ohio Supreme Court and the rest of the judiciary is established and authorized within Article IV of the Ohio Constitution.
Warren Ybañez
Warren Ybañez (born September 14, 1979) is a Filipino professional basketball player who last played for the Marikina Shoemasters of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). He was drafted 27th overall by Coca-Cola in 2004.

He had stints in the Philippine Basketball Association, where he played for the Barako Bull Energy, in the ASEAN Basketball League, playing for the Philippine Patriots. Ybañez was an important piece to the team and a testament to that is him being awarded with the Finals MVP award in 2010.

2004 PBA draft
The 2004 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) rookie draft was an event at which teams drafted players from the amateur ranks. It was held on January 18, 2004 at the Glorietta Mall at Makati City. This is the last draft to be held within a calendar year.
James Palmer Jr.
James Alfred Palmer Jr. (born July 31, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for Galatasaray MCT Technic of the Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL) and the Champions League (BCL). He played college basketball for the Nebraska Cornhuskers.

San Diego Clippers (NBA G League)
The San Diego Clippers are a professional basketball team based in San Diego County, California, that competes in the NBA G League. The team plays its home games at Frontwave Arena. The Clippers began play in the 2017–18 season. The team is an affiliate of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s Los Angeles Clippers.
Camões Prize
The Camões Prize (Portuguese: Prémio Camões, Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpɾɛmju kaˈmõjʃ]), named after Luís de Camões, is the most prestigious prize for literature in the Portuguese language. The prize was established in 1989 and is supported by the governments of Brazil and Portugal. It is awarded annually to the author of an outstanding body of work written in Portuguese. Winners are selected by a jury and have included writers from Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Mozambique, and Portugal. The monetary award is €100,000, making it among the richest literary prizes in the world. Past winners include José Saramago, Eugénio de Andrade, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, and Chico Buarque.

Luís de Camões
Luís Vaz de Camões (European Portuguese: [luˈiʒ ˈvaʒ ðɨ kaˈmõjʃ]; c. 1524 or 1525 – 10 June 1580), sometimes rendered in English as Camoens or Camoëns (/ˈkæmoʊənz/ KAM-oh-ənz), is considered Portugal's and the Portuguese language's greatest poet. His mastery of verse has been compared to that of Shakespeare, Milton, Vondel, Homer, Virgil and Dante. He wrote a considerable amount of lyrical poetry and drama but is best remembered for his epic work Os Lusíadas (The Lusiads). His collection of poetry The Parnasum of Luís de Camões was lost during his life. The influence of his masterpiece Os Lusíadas is so profound that Portuguese is sometimes called the "language of Camões".

The day of his death, 10 June O.S., is Portugal's national day.
Favrholm
Favrholm is a former manor located on the southern outskirts of Hillerød, Denmark. The building was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1964. It was acquired by Novo Nordisk in 1995 and converted into a corporate training and conference centre. It was expanded with the assistance of Dutch architects SeATCH in 2005–11 and is now operated under the name Favrholm Campus.

Hillerød
Hillerød (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhiləˌʁœðˀ]) is a Danish town with a population of 36,604 (1 January 2025) located in the centre of North Zealand approximately 30 km to the northwest of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hillerød is the administrative centre of Hillerød Municipality and also the administrative seat of Region Hovedstaden (Capital Region of Denmark), one of the five regions in Denmark. It is most known for its large Renaissance castle, Frederiksborg Castle, now home to the Museum of National History. The town is surrounded by the former royal forests of Gribskov to the north and Store Dyrehave to the south.
Elaeus (Argolis)
Elaeus or Elaious (Ancient Greek: Ἔλαιοῦς) was a town in ancient Argolis mentioned only in the Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus and by Stephanus of Byzantium. From the statement of the former writer we may conclude that it could not have been far from Lerna, since, according to Greek mythology, Heracles, after he had succeeded in cutting off the immortal head of the Hydra, is said to have buried it by the side of the way leading from Lerna to Elaeus.

The site of Elaeus is tentatively located west-southwest of modern Speliotaki (Spiliotaki).

Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Latin: Stephanus Byzantinus; Ancient Greek: Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; fl. 6th century AD) was an Eastern Roman grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά). Only meagre fragments of the dictionary survive, but the epitome is extant, compiled by one Hermolaus, not otherwise identified.
Greg Zipadelli
Gregory C. Zipadelli, nicknamed "Zippy", (born April 21, 1967) is an American crew chief and team executive in NASCAR. Since 2025, he has worked for Rette Jones Racing as the team's Vice President of Business Operations. Zipadelli is most notable for being the crew chief of the No. 20 car for Joe Gibbs Racing drivers Tony Stewart and Joey Logano from 1999 to 2011. He won 34 races and two championships as a crew chief and the competition director at Stewart–Haas Racing from 2012 until the team's closure in 2024.

Pit stop
In motorsports, a pit stop is a pause for refuelling, new tyres, repairs, mechanical adjustments, a driver change, as a penalty, or any combination of the above. These stops occur in an area called the pits, most commonly accessed via a pit lane which runs parallel to the start/finish straightaway of the track and is connected to it at each end. Along this lane is a row of garages (typically one per team or car) outside which the work is done in a pit box. Pit stop work is carried out by the pit crew of up to twenty mechanics, depending on the series regulations, while the driver often waits in the vehicle (except where a driver change is involved or in motorbike racing).

The term is also used generically to describe a short break in a journey.
Lai Sun Cheung
Lai Sun Cheung (Chinese: 黎新祥; Jyutping: lai4 san1 coeng4, 1 September 1950 – 20 June 2010) was a Hong Kong football coach and a former professional football player. He was the former head coach of Hong Kong national football team, Hong Kong 08 and the Hong Kong under-23 football team.

Lai joined Rangers when he was Secondary 4. In 1969 & 1970, he joined the Hong Kong Youth Team and participated in youth tournaments in Japan. Then he represented Hong Kong.

From 2002 to 2006, then again in 2007, Lai coached the Hong Kong national football team.

On 20 June 2010, Lai died of lung cancer in Hong Kong, aged 59, after a one-year-battle with the disease.

Hong Kong Rangers FC
Hong Kong Rangers Football Club (Chinese: 香港流浪足球會), often abbreviated to Rangers, currently known as Biu Chun Rangers due to sponsorship reasons, is a Hong Kong professional football club which currently competes in the Hong Kong Premier League. They have won the Hong Kong First Division once, the Senior Shield four times, the Hong Kong FA Cup twice and the Sapling Cup once.
Chithirai Pookkal
Chithirai Pookkal (transl. Chaitra flowers) is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language romance film directed by Kanmani Subbu. The film stars newcomers Jayanthkumar and Vinodhini, with R. Sarathkumar, Radha Ravi, Charle, S. S. Chandran and Vinu Chakravarthy playing supporting roles. It was released on 23 February 1991.

Vinu Chakravarthy
Vinu Chakravarthy (15 December 1945 – 27 April 2017) was an Indian actor, screenwriter and director who is known for acting in more than 1000 movies predominantly in Tamil films mostly as a comedian, supporting actor or in a villainous role. The 2007 released Tamil movie Muni was his landmark 1000th film.
Selena La Rue Hatch
Selena La Rue Hatch is an American politician and a member of the Nevada State Assembly. A Democrat, she represents the 25th district. Before she ran for office, she was a teacher at Hug High School and North Valleys High School.

Nevada State Assembly
39°09′42″N 119°45′58″W﻿ / ﻿39.161643°N 119.766139°W﻿ / 39.161643; -119.766139
The Nevada State Assembly is the lower house of the Nevada Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Nevada, the upper house being the Nevada State Senate. The body consists of 42 members, elected to two-year terms from single-member districts. Each district contained approximately 64,299 people as of the 2010 United States census. Term limits, limiting assembly members to six 2-year terms (12 years), took effect in 2010.

The Nevada Assembly met at the Nevada State Capitol in Carson City until 1971, when a separate Legislative Building was constructed south of the Capitol.  The Legislative Building was expanded in 1997 to its current appearance to accommodate the growing Nevada Legislature. Since the 2012 session, Assembly districts have been formed by dividing the 21 Senate districts in half, so that each Assembly district is nested within a Senate district.
Fish River Seaplane Base
Fish River Seaplane Base (FAA LID: 5AL) is a public-use seaplane base on Fish River in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. The facility is located nine nautical miles (10 mi, 17 km) southeast of the central business district of Fairhope, Alabama. It has one seaplane landing area designated 16W/34W which measures 4,395 by 200 feet (1,340 x 61 m).

Baldwin County, Alabama
Baldwin County is a  county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Alabama, on the Gulf coast. It is one of only two counties in Alabama that border the Gulf of Mexico, along with Mobile County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 231,767, making it the fourth-most populous county in Alabama. The county seat is Bay Minette. The county is named after the founder of the University of Georgia, Senator Abraham Baldwin.

Baldwin was Alabama's fastest-growing county from 2010 to 2020, with 4 of the top 10 fastest-growing cities in the state in recent years.

The U.S. federal government designates Baldwin County as the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area.

It is the largest county in Alabama by area and is located on the eastern side of Mobile Bay. Part of its western border with Mobile County is formed by the Spanish River, a brackish distributary river.
Niobium–tin
Niobium–tin is an intermetallic compound of niobium (Nb) and tin (Sn), used industrially as a type-II superconductor. This intermetallic compound has a simple structure: A3B. It is more expensive than niobium–titanium (NbTi), but remains superconducting up to a magnetic flux density of 30 teslas [T] (300,000 G), compared to a limit of roughly 15 T for NbTi.

Nb3Sn was discovered to be a superconductor in 1954. The material's ability to support high currents and magnetic fields was discovered in 1961 and started the era of large-scale applications of superconductivity.

The critical temperature is 18.3 kelvins (−254.8 °C; −426.7 °F). Application temperatures are commonly around 4.2 K (−268.95 °C; −452.11 °F), the boiling point of liquid helium at atmospheric pressure.

In April 2008 a record non-copper current density was claimed of 2,643 A mm−2 at 12 T and 4.2 K.

Current density
In electromagnetism, current density is the amount of charge per unit time that flows through a unit area of a chosen cross section. The current density vector is defined as a vector whose magnitude is the electric current per cross-sectional area at a given point in space, its direction being that of the motion of the positive charges at this point. In SI base units, the electric current density is measured in amperes per meter square.
Ben Bronson
Benjamin James Bronson (born September 9, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) and Arena Football League (AFL). He played in the NFL for the Indianapolis Colts and the AFL for the Houston ThunderBears and Carolina Cobras. He played college football for the Baylor Bears.

Bronson also played college baseball at Baylor and professionally in the Kansas City Royals organization from 1996 to 1997.

In 2000, he was named the AFL Breakout Player of the Year. Outside of arena football, Bronson appeared in The Longest Yard (2005).

Bronson is the twin brother to the former American Olympic 400-meter hurdler, John Bryan Bronson, who won the bronze medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athens. Bryan Bronson

Carolina Cobras
The Carolina Cobras were an expansion franchise in the Arena Football League. The team was formed prior to the 2000 season, which endured a player strike.

The team was originally based in Raleigh, North Carolina, but moved to Charlotte following its third season.
1987 Tel Aviv Open – Doubles
John Letts and Peter Lundgren were the defending champions, but Letts did not participate this year.  Lundgren partnered Jeremy Bates, losing in the quarterfinals.

Gilad Bloom and Shahar Perkiss won the title, defeating Wolfgang Popp and Huub van Boeckel 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Shahar Perkiss
Shahar Perkiss (Hebrew: שחר פרקיס; born 14 October 1962) is an Israeli right-handed former professional tennis player. He reached his best singles ranking of world # 53 in March 1985. He peaked at world # 54 in the doubles rankings in November 1985. Perkiss won the silver medal in singles in tennis at the 1989 Maccabiah Games, and won the gold medal in doubles playing alongside Boaz Merenstein.
LGBTQ stereotypes
LGBTQ stereotypes are stereotypes about lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people based on their sexual orientations, gender identities, or gender expressions. Stereotypical perceptions may be acquired through interactions with parents, teachers, peers and mass media, or, more generally, through a lack of firsthand familiarity, resulting in an increased reliance on generalizations.

Negative stereotypes are often associated with homophobia, lesbophobia, gayphobia, biphobia, or transphobia. Positive stereotypes, or counterstereotypes, also exist.

Counterstereotype
A counterstereotype is an idea or object that goes against a stereotype—a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment.
Randy Stonehill
Randall Evan Stonehill (born March 12, 1952) is an American singer and songwriter from Stockton, California, best known as one of the pioneers of contemporary Christian music. His music is primarily folk rock in the style of James Taylor, but some of his albums have focused on new wave, pop, pop rock, roots rock, and children's music.

Beware! The Blob
Beware! The Blob (also known as Beware the Blob, Son of Blob, The Blob II or The Blob Returns) is a 1972 American independent science fiction comedy horror film directed by Larry Hagman. It is a sequel to The Blob (1958). The screenplay was penned by Anthony Harris and Jack Woods III, based on a story by Jack H. Harris and Richard Clair. The film originally earned a PG rating from the MPAA, though it is now unrated. It is the second film in The Blob film series.
Third Precinct Police Station (Detroit)
The Third Precinct Police Station (or Hunt Street Station) is a former police station located at 2200 Hunt Street (at Gratiot Avenue) in Detroit, Michigan. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It now holds a co-working space, known as "Hunt Street Station."

Police station
A police station is a facility operated by police or a similar law enforcement agency that serves to accommodate police officers and other law enforcement personnel. The role served by a police station varies by agency, type, and jurisdiction, but in larger agencies there may be multiple police stations that serve as regional or area sub-headquarters for personnel assigned to certain beats, administrative divisions, or police units, while in smaller agencies there may be fewer stations or even one singular police headquarters.