hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karlag
Karlag (Karaganda Corrective Labor Camp, Russian: Карагандинский исправительно-трудовой лагерь, Карлаг) was one of the largest Gulag labor camps, located in Karaganda Oblast (now Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan), Kazakh SSR, USSR. It operated during 1930—1959.

Labor camp
A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons (especially prison farms). Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators. Convention no. 105 of the United Nations International Labour Organization (ILO), adopted internationally on 27 June 1957, intended to abolish camps of forced labor.

In the 20th century, a new category of labor camps developed for the imprisonment of millions of people who were not criminals per se, but political opponents (real or imagined) and various so-called undesirables under communist and fascist regimes.
Khiladi Lal Bairwa
Khiladi Lal Bairwa (born 5 January 1964) is an Indian politician & former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from Baseri Assembly constituency and former chairman of the Rajasthan Scheduled Castes Commission. He was a member of parliament in the 15th Lok Sabha representing the Karauli–Dholpur constituency of Rajasthan and a member of the Bhartiya Janta Party (Till July 2024 resignation).

Baseri Assembly constituency
Baseri Assembly constituency is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India. It comprises Baseri tehsil and parts of Bari tehsil, both in Dholpur district, and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes. As of 2023, it is represented by Sanjay Kumar Jatav of the Indian National Congress party.
Bartmann
Bartmann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aina Bartmann (born 1959), Norwegian politician

Bill Bartmann (1948–2016), American businessman

Dominik Bartmann (born 1953), German art historian and curator

Kim Bartmann Minneapolis restaurateur

Wahl Bartmann (born 1963), South African rugby union player

Bill Bartmann
William R. Bartmann (1948 – November 29, 2016) was the founder and CEO of CFS2, Inc, a consumer financial recovery company based in Tulsa, Oklahoma. From 1986 to 1999, Bartmann served as CEO of Commercial Financial Services Inc., the nation's biggest debt collection company. One officer of the company was accused of being involved in accounting fraud and the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy though allegations of wider fraud were later determined to be untrue.
T. J. Bonner
T.J. Bonner was the president of the National Border Patrol Council (NBPC) until March 8, 2011 when the delegates attending the NBPC convention elected a new president. This organization is a union that represents over 16,000 United States Border Patrol agents.

They will come.  I don't care what fences or how many Border Patrol Agents you put there, they will come!— T.J. Bonner, Guest Lecture at the University of California, San Diego, for Professor Wayne Cornelius' Politics of Immigration Course, November 1, 2006

United States Border Patrol
The United States Border Patrol (USBP) is a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and is responsible for securing the borders of the United States. According to its website as of 2022, its mission is to "Protect the American people, safeguard our borders, and enhance the nation’s economic prosperity."

With 19,648 agents in 2019, the Border Patrol is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in the United States. For fiscal year 2017, Congress enacted a budget of $3,805,253,000 for the Border Patrol.
The Irish Rovers in Australia
The Irish Rovers in Australia is a 1976 album by the Irish-Canadian music group The Irish Rovers. Despite the title being suggestive of live recordings in Australia, it consists of studio recordings of primarily Australian folk songs. The band members at that time were George Millar, Jimmy Ferguson, Joe Millar, Will Millar and Wicil McDowell.

Will Millar
Will Millar (born 1940) is a Northern Irish-Canadian singer best known as a co-founding member of The Irish Rovers. Until his departure in 1995, he was the group's front man. He plays guitar, banjo, mandolin and tin whistle.
Born alive rule
The born alive rule is a common law legal principle that holds that various criminal laws, such as homicide and assault, apply only to a child that is "born alive". U.S. courts have overturned this rule, citing recent advances in science and medicine, and in several states feticide statutes have been explicitly framed or amended to include fetuses in utero. Abortion in Canada is still governed by the born alive rule, as courts continue to hold to its foundational principles. In 1996, the Law Lords confirmed that the rule applied in English law but that alternative charges existed in lieu, such as a charge of unlawful or negligent manslaughter instead of murder.

Fetus
A fetus or foetus (/ˈfiːtəs/; pl.: fetuses, foetuses, rarely feti or foeti) is the unborn offspring of a viviparous animal that develops from an embryo. Following the embryonic stage, the fetal stage of development takes place. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. However, in general a fetus is characterized by the presence of all the major body organs, though they will not yet be fully developed and functional, and some may not yet be situated in their final anatomical location.

In human prenatal development, fetal development begins from the ninth week after fertilization (which is the eleventh week of gestational age) and continues until the birth of a newborn.
Owen Roe O'Neill's GAC
Owen Roe O'Neill's Gaelic Athletic Club (Irish: CLG Eoghan Rua Uí Néill) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Tyrone GAA. The club is based in the parish of Leckpatrick, including the village of Glenmornan, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.

The Club, named after the 17th-century Irish Confederate general Eoghan Rua Ó Néill, plays Gaelic football and ladies' Gaelic football.

Tyrone GAA
The Tyrone County Board (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Tír Eoghain), or Tyrone GAA, is one of the 32 county boards of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in Ireland, and is responsible for the administration of Gaelic games in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.

The county board is responsible for preparing the Tyrone county teams in the various Gaelic sporting codes; football, hurling, camogie and handball.

The county football team was the sixth from the province of Ulster to win the Sam Maguire Cup, leaving only Antrim, Fermanagh and Monaghan to still win the trophy and become All-Ireland champions.

According to a 2015 TUD study by Shane Mangan, Tyrone had 10,500 players.
Good TV
GOOD TV (Chinese: 好消息電視台) (stylized in all uppercase), is a Christian television station in Taiwan.  Established in 1997 as a nonprofit organization under Gabriel Evangelical Broadcasting Foundation, it began broadcast on September 9, 1998.  The executive director of programming is Pastor Shao-en Koh, and its spokesman was the belated former actor Sun Yueh.

On July 1, 2012, Good TV moved from the Public Television Service building in Taipei's Neihu District to New Taipei City's Zhonghe District.

Zhonghe District
Zhonghe District (Chinese: 中和區; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōnghé Qū; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhonghé Cyu, Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-hô Khu), also spelled Jhonghe, is an inner city district in New Taipei City in northern Taiwan (ROC).

Zhonghe was founded in 1946 as an urban township in what then known as Taipei County in Taiwan Province, until it gained county-administered city status in 1979 and again as a district of New Taipei in 2010.
Bill Ramsay
William George "Rams" Ramsay (January 12, 1929 – March 2, 2024) was an American jazz saxophonist and band leader based in Seattle. In 1997, he was inducted into the Seattle Jazz Hall of Fame, the top of eight Golden Ear Award categories presented annually since 1990 by the Earshot Jazz Society of Seattle.  Ramsay performed on all the primary saxophones – soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone – as well as clarinet (his boyhood instrument), and bass clarinet. Ramsay died on March 2, 2024, at the age of 95.

Origin Records
Origin Records is a jazz and classical music record label founded by drummer John Bishop in 1997. With the help of drummer Matt Jorgensen, Origin expanded its roster of musicians and added the labels OA2 and Origin Classical.
Country Club of Montreal
The Country Club of Montreal (French: Le Country club de Montréal) is a private 18-hole golf course located in Saint-Lambert, Quebec, Canada. Originally dedicated to polo, the club's vocation changed to golf on November 17, 1910, making it the second oldest golf course in Greater Montreal. Originally a 9-hole golf course, 9 more holes were added in subsequent years, and in 1974, the course was redesigned and modernized by Roy Dye of Pete Dye and Associates.

The course is 6,725 yards for a par of 72, and features a course rating of 72.8 and a slope rating of 135.

Yard
The yard (symbol: yd) is an English unit of length in both the British imperial and US customary systems of measurement equalling 3 feet or 36 inches. Since 1959 it has been by international agreement standardized as exactly 0.9144 meter. A distance of 1,760 yards is equal to 1 mile.

The theoretical US survey yard is very slightly longer.
Mamarapha College
Mamarapha College is a post-secondary theological institution for Indigenous Australians located in Karragullen, Western Australia.

The college is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.

Students come from all states of Australia and range in age from 19 to 70 years. Their educational background ranges from marginal literacy to those with a degree.

Mamarapha College is a registered training organisation and awards range from Certificate 1 through to 4 year advanced diploma. Study is offered via study blocks ("intensives") for some courses while ministers in training study full-time for their second and third year then learn on the job with a minister in the field for their fourth year.

Registered training organisation
A registered training organisation (RTO), in Australia, is an organisation providing Vocational Education and Training (VET) courses to students, resulting in qualifications or statements of attainment that are recognised and accepted by industry and other educational institutions throughout Australia.
Truck Mama
Truck Mama is a 2025 documentary  directed by Zipporah “Zippy” Nyaruri that follows the life of a single mother and truck driver in Kenya. It premiered in competition at the 2025 Red Sea International Film Festival.

Red Sea International Film Festival
The Red Sea International Film Festival (Arabic: مهرجان البحر الأحمر السينمائي الدولي) is a film festival launched in 2019 and held in Jeddah, the port city in western Saudi Arabia. The festival mainly focuses on new storytelling trends, as well as emerging talents from Saudi Arabia, the Arab world and the rest of the world.

The festival’s fifth edition in 2025 will take place from December 4 to 13 at Jeddah’s historic Al Balad district.
Bavarian D V
The 10 examples of the Class D V (pronounced "D 5") steam engine belonging the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn) were the first six-coupled tank locomotives in Bavaria. They were intended specifically for working the hilly route between Plattling and Eisenstein. Because they did not deliver the expected performance, however, they were soon relegated to shunting duties.

That said, all 10 engines went into the Reichsbahn, where they were incorporated into the numbering plan as the Class 89.81. However, they were soon replaced by Class 89.6, the ex-Bavarian R 3/3 engines. They began to be taken out of service in 1925. The last two, numbers 89 8106 and 89 8107 were retired in 1928.

Deutsche Reichsbahn
The Deutsche Reichsbahn (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʁaɪçsˌbaːn]), also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regional railways of the individual states of the German Empire. The Deutsche Reichsbahn has been described as "the largest enterprise in the capitalist world in the years between 1920 and 1932"; nevertheless, its importance "arises primarily from the fact that the Reichsbahn was at the center of events in a period of great turmoil in German history".
Wandering River
Wandering River is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within Athabasca County. It is located approximately 95 kilometres (59 mi) north of Athabasca and 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Fort McMurray on Highway 63. The hamlet is located in Census Division No. 13 and in the federal riding of Lakeland. The community is named after the Wandering River, which flows straight through the community and through Lyle Lake to the north.

Lakeland (electoral district)
Lakeland is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2004, and again since 2015. Its name is derived from the area's topography (and the former Lakeland County). The district's largest communities are Bonnyville, St. Paul, and the Alberta part of Lloydminster.
John L. Kinsey School
The John L. Kinsey School is a former K-8 school that is located in the West Oak Lane neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was a part of the School District of Philadelphia.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

As of 2017, the school building is now home to Building 21, a public high school in the innovative school district network.

K–8 school
K–8 schools, elementary-middle schools, or K–8 centers are schools in the United States that enroll students from kindergarten/pre-K (age 5–6) to 8th grade (up to age 14), combining the typical elementary school (K–5/6) and junior high or middle school (6/7–8).

As of 2007, many American private schools have K–8 configurations.
Ilana Sod
Ilana Sod (born February 3, 1973) is a Mexican television and radio journalist, presenter, and producer. She has worked for a variety of media outlets and collaborated on initiatives relating to social issues and youth-oriented programming.

XEDA-AM
XEDA-AM was a radio station on 1290 AM in Mexico City. It began operations on December 3, 1936, and it was the flagship station of Radio S.A. with a news/talk format under the name Radio Trece. The station went off the air on May 31, 2015, and the concession expired on July 3, 2016.
Declan Kelly (diplomat)
Declan Kelly was the Ambassador of Ireland to Malaysia and Thailand from 2010 to 2015. Prior to that appointment he was the Ambassador of Ireland to Canada from 2006 to 2010, succeeding Martin Burke.

He was schooled at St. Vincent's C.B.S., Glasnevin, and is married to Anne Bernadette Kelly. He gave the 2007 convocation address at St. Thomas University in New Brunswick.

Prior to his placement as ambassador at the Irish embassy in Ottawa, Kelly was the ambassador to Australia, New Zealand and Fiji.  Earlier, Kelly had been posted to Ottawa from 1985 to 1990 as the First Secretary and Charge d’Affairs at the Irish Embassy.

Kelly was Republic of Ireland Consul General in San Francisco from 1992 to 1998.

St. Thomas University (Canada)
St. Thomas University (also St. Thomas or STU) is a  Catholic, English-language liberal arts university located in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. It is a primarily undergraduate university, offering bachelor degrees to approximately 1,700 students. St. Thomas is also home of the Frank McKenna Centre for Communications and Public Policy.
Jones Island (South Australia)
Jones Island is an island  in the Australian state of  South Australia located at the mouth of Baird Bay in the north end of Anxious Bay about 45 kilometres (28 miles) south-southeast of the town of Streaky Bay on the west coast of Eyre Peninsula.  The island is notable as a breeding site for Australian sea lions and Australian pelicans.  The island has enjoyed protected area status since 1967 and as of 1972, it has been part of the Baird Bay Islands Conservation Park.

Eyre Peninsula
The Eyre Peninsula is a triangular peninsula in South Australia. It is bounded by the Spencer Gulf on the east, the Great Australian Bight on the west, and the Gawler Ranges to the north.

Earlier called Eyre's Peninsula, it was named after explorer Edward John Eyre, who explored parts of the peninsula in 1839–41. The coastline was first charted by the expeditions of Matthew Flinders in 1801–02 and French explorer Nicolas Baudin around the same time. Flinders also named the nearby Yorke's Peninsula and Spencer's Gulph on the same voyage.

The peninsula's economy is primarily agricultural, with growing aquaculture, mining, and tourism sectors. The main towns are Port Lincoln in the south, Whyalla and Port Augusta in the northeast, and Ceduna in the northwest. Port Lincoln (Galinyala in Barngarla), Whyalla and Port Augusta (Goordnada) are part of the Barngarla Aboriginal country.: 230  Ceduna is within Wirangu country.
Pelican School District
Pelican School District is a school district headquartered in Pelican, Alaska. It operates a single K-12 school.

In 1999 the school had 30 students. Beginning circa 1999 the Anchorage company Education Resources Inc. was scheduled to enter a contract with the district to provide management services. As of the 2017–2018 school year, the school had 8 students.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Pyramid (image processing)
Pyramid, or pyramid representation, is a type of multi-scale signal representation developed by the computer vision, image processing and signal processing communities, in which a signal or an image is subject to repeated smoothing and subsampling. Pyramid representation is a predecessor to scale-space representation and multiresolution analysis.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
Sligo Jazz Project
Sligo Jazz Project is an international jazz summer school and festival which takes place in Sligo every July.

Sligo Jazz Project was formed in 2005 by a group of local musicians: Eddie Lee, Jim Meehan, Eddie McFarlane, and Felip Carbonell. Their vision was to bring world-class musicians to Sligo to teach and perform, with musical events that were non-elitist and affordable to everyone.  Its events take place at Sligo's Hawk’s Well Theater.

Its first summer event ran in 2006, with Rufus Reid taking part.  Since then the summer school, which takes place at ATU Sligo, has grown to become the biggest and most inclusive in Europe.

Artists who have taken part in the Festival in recent years include UK composer Nikki Iles (Artist-in-Residence, 2022), Christine Tobin, Tony Kofi, Lauren Kinsella, and many others.

Atlantic Technological University
Atlantic Technological University (also known as Atlantic TU or ATU; Irish: Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta an Atlantaigh; OTA) is a technological university in the west and north-west of Ireland. It was formally established on 1 April 2022 as a merger of three existing institutes of technology (ITs) – Galway-Mayo IT, IT Sligo, and Letterkenny IT – into a single university, the fourth such TU in Ireland.
Marion Light Artillery
The Marion Light Artillery was part of the Confederate Army from Marion County, Florida. Commanding officers included John Marshall Martin. It served as part of the Army of Tennessee.

Marion County was home to many residents who relocated from South Carolina in the 15 or so years prior to the American Civil War and was a hotbed of secessionist activity. Organizers petitioned the state to host the Florida Secession Convention.

When Martin was seriously wounded at the Battle of Richmond, Colonel S. St. George Rogers took command.

It was also commanded by Thomas J. Perry and Robert P. McCants.

Battle of Richmond
The Battle of Richmond, Kentucky, fought August 29–30, 1862, was one of the most complete Confederate victories in the American Civil War by Major General Edmund Kirby Smith against Union major general William "Bull" Nelson's forces, which were defending the town. It was the first major battle in the Kentucky Campaign. The battle took place on and around what is now the grounds of the Blue Grass Army Depot, outside Richmond, Kentucky.
The Moral Sinner
The Moral Sinner is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by Ralph Ince and written by Willis Goldbeck, Josephine Quirk, and Rita Weiman, based on the 1904 play Leah Kleschna by C. M. S. McLellan. The film stars Dorothy Dalton, James Rennie, Alphonse Ethier, Frederick Lewis, Walter Percival, and Paul McAllister. The film was released on May 19, 1924, by Paramount Pictures.

The film is a remake of an early 1913 Adolph Zukor produced film, Leah Kleschna.

C. M. S. McLellan
Charles Morton Stewart McLellan (1865–1916) was a London-based American playwright and composer who often wrote under the pseudonym Hugh Morton. McLellan is probably best remembered for the musical The Belle of New York and drama Leah Kleschna.
Landon Powell
Landon Reed Powell (born March 19, 1982) is an American former professional baseball player and current coach. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher from 2009 to 2011 for the Oakland Athletics. Powell is the current head baseball coach of the North Greenville Trailblazers. He played college baseball at South Carolina from 2001 to 2004. He was the Athletics' catcher on May 9, 2010, when pitcher Dallas Braden threw a perfect game.

North Greenville Trailblazers
The North Greenville Trailblazers are the athletic teams representing North Greenville University, located in Tigerville, South Carolina, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the NCAA Division II ranks, primarily competing in the Conference Carolinas (CC; formerly known as the Carolinas–Virginia Athletic Conference (CVAC) until after the 2006–07 school year) since the 2011–12 academic year. They were also a member of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA), primarily competing as an independent in the South Region of the Division I level. The Trailblazers previously competed as a member of the Mid-South Conference (MSC) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1995–96 to 2000–01.

On April 30, 2024, North Greenville announced that they would change their nickname from the Crusaders to the Trailblazers, effective on June 15.
Vasily Zhilin
Vasily Ivanovich Zhilin (Russian: Василий Иванович Жилин) (20 August [O.S. 7 August] 1915 – 24 July 1947) was a Russian soldier of World War II (called, in the Soviet Union, the Great Patriotic War) and a Hero of the Soviet Union.

Great Patriotic War (term)
The Great Patriotic War is a term used in Russia (and formerly the Soviet Union) and some other post-Soviet states to describe the Eastern Front of World War II, fought primarily between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany between 22 June 1941 and 9 May 1945. For some legal purposes, this period may be extended to 11 May 1945 to include the end of the Prague offensive.