hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herschel Heights
The Herschel Heights (71°53′S 69°38′W﻿ / ﻿71.883°S 69.633°W﻿ / -71.883; -69.633) are a complex of nunataks of which Mimas Peak on the east is the highest, located southwest of the Enceladus Nunataks and near the head of Saturn Glacier in southeastern Alexander Island, Antarctica. The eastern part of this feature was photographed by Lincoln Ellsworth, November 23, 1935, in the course of his trans-Antarctic flight and was plotted from the air photos by W.L.G. Joerg. The heights were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee from association with Mimas and Enceladus, after Sir William Herschel, the British astronomer who discovered these two satellites of Saturn in 1789.

Natural satellite
A natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small Solar System body (or sometimes another natural satellite). Natural satellites are colloquially referred to as moons, a derivation from the Moon of Earth.

In the Solar System, there are six planetary satellite systems, altogether comprising 419 natural satellites with confirmed orbits. Seven objects commonly considered dwarf planets by astronomers are also known to have natural satellites: Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, and Eris. As of February 2026, there are 630 other minor planets known to have natural satellites.
Hyphodontia sambuci
Hyphodontia sambuci, the elder whitewash, is a basidiomycete fungal pathogen on deadwood, especially elder.

It is resupinate, forming a very thin structure which is white, pruinose (flour-like dusting) or chalky in appearance. It is inedible. It also grows on dead but still hanging branches of Fraxinus, Berberis, Nothofagus, Ulmus, Populus, Hedera, Ribes, Symphoricarpos and rarely on conifers such as Cryptomeria.

Cryptomeria
Cryptomeria (literally "hidden parts") is a monotypic genus of conifer in the cypress family Cupressaceae. It includes only one species, Cryptomeria japonica (syn. Cupressus japonica L.f.). It is considered to be endemic to Japan, where it is known as Sugi (杉).  The tree is also called Japanese cedar or Japanese redwood in English. It has been extensively introduced, and cultivated for wood production on the Azores and elsewhere.
Parsii (tribe)
The Parsii were a nomadic tribe, in the district of Paropamisadae in Bactria near the Hindu Kush ranges in northern Afghanistan during antiquity. They lived on the Oxus River, centered on the city of Parsiia.

Paropamisadae
Paropamisadae or Parapamisadae (Ancient Greek: Παροπαμισάδαι or Παροπανισάδαι) was a satrapy of the Alexandrian Empire in modern Pakistan, which largely coincided with the Achaemenid province of Parupraesanna. It consisted of the districts of Sattagydia (Bannu basin), Gandhara (Kabul, Peshawar, and Taxila), and Oddiyana (Swat Valley). Paruparaesanna is mentioned in the Akkadian language and Elamite language versions of the Behistun Inscription of Darius the Great, whereas in the Old Persian version it is called Gandāra. The entire satrapy was subsequently ceded by Seleucus I Nicator to Chandragupta Maurya after Mauryan Victory in Selucid-Mauryan war following a treaty.
Nina Proll
Nina Proll (born 12 January 1974) is an Austrian actress. She has appeared in more than 50 films and television shows since 1995. She starred in the film September, which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival.

In 1999 she received the Marcello Mastroianni Award given out at the Venice International Film Festival. Proll participated in the third season of the Austrian television dance competition Dancing Stars in 2007, coming in 5th place.

Dancing Stars (Austrian TV series)
Dancing Stars is the Austrian version of the British reality TV competition Strictly Come Dancing and is part of the Dancing with the Stars franchise. The show broadcasts on ORF eins in Austria. The series debuted on 10 October 2005.
Jacques Roques
Capitaine Jacques Raphaël Roques (2 August 1897 – 24 May 1988) was a Swiss citizen who flew for the French during World War I, where he was credited with five aerial victories. He returned to military service during World War II, and served with the French Resistance from the fall of France to war's end.

Chartres
Chartres (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁtʁ] ⓘ) is the prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir department in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France. It is located about 90 km (56 mi) southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 170,763 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Chartres (as defined by the INSEE), 38,534 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Chartres proper.

Chartres is famous worldwide for the Chartres Cathedral. Mostly constructed between 1193 and 1250, this Gothic cathedral is in an exceptional state of preservation. The majority of the original stained glass windows are intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century. Part of the old town, including most of the library associated with the School of Chartres, was destroyed by Allied bombs in 1944.
Chinatowns in the United States
Chinatowns are enclaves of Chinese people outside of China. The first Chinatown in the United States was San Francisco's Chinatown in 1848, and many other   Chinatowns were established in the 19th century by the Chinese diaspora on the West Coast. By 1875, Chinatowns had emerged in eastern cities such as New York City, Boston, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 barred Chinese immigration to the United States, but the Magnuson Act of 1943 repealed it, and the population of Chinatowns began to rise again.

Many historic Chinatowns have lost their status as ethnic Chinese enclaves due to gentrification and demographic shifts, while others have become major tourist attractions. New York City, San Francisco, and Los Angeles have the largest Chinese populations in the United States, and the Chinatowns in New York City are some of the largest Chinese enclaves outside of Asia.

Chinatowns in the Americas
This article focuses on Chinatowns in the Americas, which are urban enclaves characterized by a significant population of residents of Chinese descent. These communities are found throughout Canada, the United States, and various countries in Latin America.
Farvardin
Farvardin (Persian: فروردین, Persian pronunciation: [fæɾvæɾˈdiːn]) is the Iranian Persian name for the first month of the Solar Hijri calendar, the official calendar of Iran, and corresponds with Aries on the Zodiac. Farvardin has thirty-one days. It is the first month of the spring season (Bahâr), and is followed by Ordibehesht. The Afghan Pashto name for it is Wray.

In three out of every four years, Farvardin begins on March 21 and ends on April 20 of the Gregorian calendar. In most Gregorian leap years, it begins 20 March following the leap day of 29 February. Otherwise, very rarely, Farvardin begins on March 19 or 22, and ends on April 18 or 21.

Its associated astrological sign in the tropical zodiac is Aries.

Wrai (month)
Wray (Pashto: وری) or Worai is the first month of the Afghan calendar. It has 31 days and starts with the beginning of the spring season (Gregorian March 21, but sometimes March 20).

Wray corresponds with the tropical Zodiac sign Aries. Wray literally means "lamb" in Pashto.
Rupert Harden
Rupert Harden (born 9 May 1985) is a former rugby union footballer.  He played as a prop.

Formerly part of the Newcastle Falcons Academy, tighthead Harden spent 2008–09 with National Division Two side Tynedale where he had spent time on loan.

The Australian-born prop mixed his youth between London, Rugby School and Cumbria and represented England Counties.

He caught the eyes of the Gloucester coaching set up whilst playing against Cinderford and will be looking to further his rugby development at Kingsholm.  He is also registered to play with Moseley

Rupert Harden was called up to England .England for the tour in South Africa in summer 2012.

On 12 June 2014, Harden left Gloucester Rugby as he signed a contract to join Italy region Benetton Treviso for next season.

On 25 July 2017 Hartpury College signed Rupert Harden for the 2017-18 Season.

Hartpury University R.F.C.
Hartpury University RFC is an English rugby union club. The men's first team play in the second tier of the English rugby union league system, Champ Rugby, having won promotion from National League 1 at the end of the 2016-17 season.

The club is based at Hartpury University in Gloucestershire, England, and is made up primarily of the university's students and staff. Several Hartpury University players have gone on to play for Gloucester and other professional teams. They also jointly run Gloucester-Hartpury, who play in Premiership Women's Rugby, with Gloucester Rugby.
Barzilai
Barzilai is a Hebrew surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gad Barzilai (born 1958), Israeli professor of law, political science and international studies

Judah ben Barzilai, 12th century Catalan Talmudist

Netta Barzilai (born 1993), Israeli singer, recording artist and looping artist

Nir Barzilai (born 1955), founding director of the Institute for Aging Research

Salvatore Barzilai (1860–1939), Italian journalist and politician

Shmuel Barzilai (born 1957), Israeli cantor

Yisrael Barzilai (1913−1970), Israeli politician and government minister

Gad Barzilai
Gad Barzilai (Hebrew: גד ברזילי; 11 January 1958 – 10 April 2023) was an Israeli professor of law, political science and international studies, famous for his work on the politics of law, comparative law and politics, human rights, and communities. Barzilai published 18 books and 173 articles in major academic refereed journals and publishing houses. He had been a full professor of law, societies and justice, and international studies at the University of Washington and the University of Haifa Faculty of Law. Gad Barzilai had served as the dean of the Faculty of Law at University of Haifa (2012–2017) and was the vice provost of University of Haifa from 2016 until 2019.

Barzilai was a professor of political science and law at Tel Aviv University where he co-founded and served (1996–2004) as co-director of the Law, Society and Politics Graduate Program.
Tim DeChristopher
Timothy Mansfield DeChristopher (born November 18, 1981) is an American climate activist and co-founder of the environmental group Peaceful Uprising. In December 2008, he protested a Bureau of Land Management (BLM) oil and gas lease auction of 116 parcels of public land in Utah's redrock country by successfully bidding on 14 parcels of land (totaling 22,500 acres) for $1.8 million with no intent to pay for them. DeChristopher was removed from the auction by federal agents and taken into custody, eventually serving 21 months in prison.

Saying they had been rushed into auction with insufficient environmental and scientific review, the United States Department of the Interior canceled many of the leases shortly after the auction and a subsequent court injunction.

The Salt Lake Tribune
The Salt Lake Tribune is a newspaper published in the city of Salt Lake City, Utah. The Tribune is owned by The Salt Lake Tribune, Inc., a non-profit corporation. The newspaper's motto is "Utah's Independent Voice Since 1871."
Edward Nathan Calisch
Edward Nathan Calisch (June 23, 1865 in Toledo, Ohio – 1946 in Richmond, Virginia) was an American Reform rabbi. He studied at the University of Cincinnati and was ordained after graduating from Hebrew Union College.

In 1887, Calisch accepted a pulpit in Peoria, Illinois. In 1891, he became rabbi of Congregation Beth Ahabah in Richmond. In 1893, Calisch's congregation felt the need for a more modern prayer ritual. They authorized Calisch to revise a prayer book. It was the first Hebrew book printed in Richmond.

In 1908, Calisch earned a Ph.D. from the University of Virginia.

In 1915 Calisch gave a speech in support of women's suffrage from the steps of the state capitol.

He was an executive member of the American Jewish Committee, the Jewish Welfare Board, the Joint Distribution Committee and the Virginia War History Commission.

In 1945, Calisch retired.

American Jewish Committee
American Jewish Committee (AJC) is a civil rights group and Jewish advocacy group established on November 11, 1906. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations and, according to The New York Times, is "widely regarded as the dean of American Jewish organizations".

Besides working in favor of civil liberties for Jews, the organization has a history of fighting against forms of discrimination in the United States and working on behalf of social equality, such as filing an amicus brief in the May 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education and participating in other events in the civil rights movement. It is also known for its pro-Israel lobbying.
Baguio City Council
The Baguio City Council (Filipino: Sangguniang Panlungsod ng Baguio) is Baguio's Sangguniang Panlungsod or legislative body. The council has 15 members which is composed of 12 councilors, one ex officio member elected from the ranks of barangay (neighborhood) chairmen, one ex officio member elected from the ranks of Sangguniang Kabataan (youth council) chairmen and one presiding officer. The Vice-mayor of the city is the presiding officer of the council, who is elected citywide.

The council is responsible for creating laws and ordinances under the city's jurisdiction. The mayor can veto proposed bills, but the council can override it with a two-thirds supermajority.

Ex officio member
An ex officio member is a member of a body (notably a board, committee, or council) who is part of it by virtue of holding another office. The term ex officio is Latin, meaning literally 'from the office', and the sense intended is 'by right of office'; its use dates back to the Roman Republic.

According to Robert's Rules of Order, the term denotes only how one becomes a member of a body. Accordingly, the rights of an ex officio member are exactly the same as other members unless otherwise stated in regulations or bylaws. It relates to the notion that the position refers to the position the ex officio holds, rather than the individual that holds the position. In some groups, ex officio members may frequently abstain from voting.

Opposite notions are dual mandate, when the same person happens to hold two offices or more, although these offices are not in themselves associated; and personal union, when two states share the same monarch.
2005 Monte Carlo Masters – Doubles
Tim Henman and Nenad Zimonjić were the defending champions. They were both present but did not compete together. 
Henman partnered with Yves Allegro and Zimonjić with Leander Paes.

Leander Paes and Nenad Zimonjić won in the finals by a walkover against Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan

Yves Allegro
Yves Allegro (born 24 August 1978) is a retired Swiss professional tennis player. He is a doubles specialist and is well known as compatriot Roger Federer's doubles partner and friend. Allegro and Federer teamed up in doubles at the Australian Open in 2003 and 2004.

He played the Davis Cup for Switzerland from 2004 to 2010 alongside Roger Federer or Stan Wawrinka.

On 9 December 2019 at a hearing at the District Court of Sierra, Allegro received a two-year suspended sentence for sexual coercion. The offence occurred in October 2014 while in Tallinn, Estonia towards an ex-Austrian player. Allegro appealed the verdict.
Chiasmatic groove
The chiasmatic groove (chiasmatic sulcus, optic groove, prechiasmatic sulcus) is a transverse groove upon the superior aspect of the body of sphenoid bone: 509  within the middle cranial fossa.: 508-509  It is bounded anteriorly by the sphenoidal limbus (a variably prominent ridge also representing the posterior boundary of the sphenoidal jugum), and posteriorly by the tuberculum sellae. The opening of each optic canal is placed at either lateral end of the chiasmatic sulcus. The optic chiasm is situated superior and quite posterior to the chiasmatic groove (and not against the groove as the name suggests).: 509

Optic chiasm
In neuroanatomy, the optic chiasm (/ˈkaɪ.æzəm, ˈkiː-/), or optic chiasma (from Greek  χίασμα (khíasma) 'crossing', from Ancient Greek  χιάζω (khiázō) 'to mark with an X'), is the part of the brain where the optic nerves cross. It is located at the bottom of the brain immediately inferior to the hypothalamus. The optic chiasm is found in all vertebrates, although in cyclostomes (lampreys and hagfishes), it is located within the brain.

This article is about the optic chiasm of vertebrates, which is the best known nerve chiasm, but not every chiasm denotes a crossing of the body midline (e.g., in some invertebrates, see Chiasm (anatomy)). A midline crossing of nerves inside the brain is called a decussation (see Definition of types of crossings).
Dalhousie AC
Dalhousie Athletic Club (Bengali: ডালহৌসি অ্যাথলেটিক ক্লাব) is an Indian professional sports club based in Kolkata, West Bengal, best known for its football section. It was established in 1880, during the British rule in India. Dalhousie has competed in the Premier Division of Calcutta Football League for a long time.

Dalhousie AC's club tent is located in Mayo Road, Kolkata Maidan, in Esplanade. Besides sporting achievements, the club is also known for organizing cultural activities alongside social initiatives.

Darjeeling Gold Cup
All India Darjeeling Gold Cup, also known as All India Brigade of Gorkha's Gold Cup Football Tournament, or simply GTA Chairman's Gold Cup, is an Indian football tournament held in Darjeeling and organized by the Indian Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Sports Association (DGHSA). The tournament debuted in 1975. Apart from some top clubs from the Calcutta Football League, clubs from other Indian states also participated in the tournament. All matches are held at Gorkha Stadium in Darjeeling.
Choptank, Maryland
Choptank is an unincorporated town and census-designated place on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 129.

The town was founded in the 17th century. It is located on the tidal Choptank River, which flows into Chesapeake Bay. Tradition has it that the name "choptank" was an Anglicization of the Algonquian tshapetank and its namesake tribe.

The town is located at the southwestern corner of Caroline County on the northeast bank of the Choptank River, just north of where Hunting Creek enters the river from the east. The Choptank River flows southwest 11 miles (18 km) to the city of Cambridge and 25 miles (40 km) to Chesapeake Bay. Choptank Road leads northeast 3 miles (5 km) to the town of Preston and the nearest state highways, Maryland Routes 16 and 331.

Maryland Route 16
Maryland Route 16 (MD 16) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.  The state highway runs 51.06 miles (82.17 km) from Taylors Island east to the Delaware state line in Hickman, where the highway continues as Delaware Route 16 (DE 16).  MD 16 connects Cambridge with several communities in northern Dorchester County and southwestern Caroline County, including East New Market and Preston.  The state highway runs concurrently with U.S. Route 50 (US 50) near Cambridge, MD 331 between East New Market and Preston, and both MD 404 and MD 313 near Andersontown.  MD 16 was constructed between Church Creek and Preston as one of the original state roads in the early and mid-1910s.  The highway was extended in both directions in the late 1910s: north to what was to be designated MD 313 near Denton and west to Taylors Island.  MD 16 was extended through Andersontown to the Delaware state line in the early 1930s.  MD 16's bypass of Cambridge was constructed in the mid-1960s.
Tom Ong
Mariano "Tom" Ong (October 1938 – December 14, 2016) was a Filipino sports shooter.

Ong, born in October 1938 in Malabon, competed for the Philippines at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics. He competed in the mixed 25m rapid fire pistol.

Ong owned the Malabon Soap and Oil Industrial Co., Inc. which operated the Spring Cooking Oil business. His son later took responsibility for the business' operations.

Ong died on December 14, 2016, of cardiac arrest following two hours of dialysis for his deteriorating kidneys. A diabetic, he frequently visited a hospital beginning in June 2016. He was survived by six children including Nathaniel Padilla. He was 78.

Shooting at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Shooting at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal comprised seven events, all mixed. For the first time ever, a woman won an Olympic medal in shooting: Margaret Murdock received silver in the three positions event. Lanny Bassham and Murdock tied for first place, but Murdock was placed second after review of the targets. Bassham suggested that two gold medals be given, and after this request was declined, asked Murdock to share the top step with him at the award ceremony. Women had no separate shooting events at the time and were allowed to compete with men. Murdock became the first woman to win an Olympic medal in shooting.
Jiří Marušák
Jiří Marušák (born 29 November 1975) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman.

Marušák played in the Czech Extraliga for HC Zlín, BK Mladá Boleslav, HC Plzeň and HC Pardubice. He also played in the SM-liiga for Tappara, the Elitserien for Djurgårdens IF and in the Russian Superleague and its successor the Kontinental Hockey League for Metallurg Novokuznetsk, SKA Saint Petersburg, HC CSKA Moscow and HC MVD.

HC MVD
HC MVD (Russian: ХК МВД) was a professional ice hockey club based in Balashikha, Moscow Oblast, Russia. They were members of the Tarasov Division of the Kontinental Hockey League. They are best known for winning the silver medal in the KHL backstopped by all star goaltender Michael Garnett in 2010. The team merged with Dynamo Moscow to form UHC Dynamo after the 2009–10 season.
Jean-Paul Bachy
Jean-Paul Bachy (born March 30, 1947, in Charleville-Mézières, Ardennes) is a French politician and the incumbent President of the Regional Council of Champagne-Ardenne. He is a member of the Socialist Party.

Bachy served as Member of the European Parliament (1983–1988), deputy for the Ardennes (1988–1993) and Mayor of Sedan (1995–2004). He has been a regional councillor since 1986, and was the PS' top candidate in the region in the 2004 French regional elections. He narrowly defeated UMP incumbent Jean-Claude Etienne and became President of the Regional Council. He was excluded from the PS after running against an official PS candidate in the 2007 French legislative election.

Since he is not a member of the PS, he could not run in the party's primaries for the 2010 regional elections but Jacques Meyer, a supporter of Bachy won the primaries and intends to give Bachy the leadership of the PS list in the region.

Champagne-Ardenne
Champagne-Ardenne (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃paɲaʁdɛn]) is a former administrative region of France, located in the northeast of the country, bordering Belgium. Mostly corresponding to the historic province of Champagne, the region is known for its sparkling white wine of the same name.
Matthew the Leader
Matthew the Leader (Czech: Matěj Vůdce; died 1409 in České Budějovice) was a bandit who was raiding caravans of the Rosenberg family in the early 15th century. He operated in the South Bohemian Region.

Matthew himself was likely an impoverished zeman, or part of the lower nobility. According to the acta negra maleficorum of Jihlava, he led a large group, which included famous military leader Jan Žižka. They subsisted on road robberies and raids.

Rosenberg family
The House of Rosenberg (Czech: Rožmberkové or Páni z Rožmberka) was a prominent Bohemian noble family that played an important role in Czech medieval history from the 13th century until 1611. Members of this family held posts at the Prague royal (and later imperial) court, and were viewed as very powerful lords of the Kingdom of Bohemia. This branch of the Vítkovci clan was initially founded by Vítek III, the son of Witiko of Prčice.