hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Association for Semiotic Studies
International Association for Semiotic Studies (Association Internationale de Sémiotique, IASS-AIS) is the major world organisation of semioticians, established in 1969.

Founding members of the association include Algirdas Julien Greimas, Roman Jakobson, Julia Kristeva, Emile Benveniste, André Martinet, Roland Barthes, Umberto Eco, Thomas A. Sebeok, and Juri Lotman.

The official journal of the association is Semiotica, published by De Gruyter Mouton.  The working languages of the association are English and French.

The Executive Committee of the IASS (le Comité Directeur de l’AIS) consists of the representatives from semiotic societies of member countries (two from each).

De Gruyter Brill
Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter Brill (German: [də ˈɡʁɔʏtɐ]), is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.

Known as De Gruyter until 2024, it merged its operations with those of the Dutch publisher Brill Publishers, forming De Gruyter Brill.
Kapuku
In Hawaiian mythology, kapuku or kupaku is the magic of reincarnation (see necromancy). The former word means "to restore life" in Hawaiian while the later means "to recover from a nearly fatal illness."

Necromancy
Necromancy (/ˈnɛkrəmænsi/) is the practice of magic involving communication with the dead by summoning their spirits as apparitions or visions for the purpose of divination; imparting the means to foretell future events and discover hidden knowledge. Sometimes categorized under death magic, the term is occasionally also used in a more general sense to refer to black magic or witchcraft as a whole.
Darya Rublova
Darya Andriyivna Rublova (Ukrainian: Дар'я Андріївна Рубльова; born 22 February 2000) is a Ukrainian cross-country skier who has competed internationally since 2017. She competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics, in  Women's 4 × 5 kilometre relay, and  Women's 15 kilometre skiathlon.

Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Women's 15 kilometre skiathlon
The women's 15 kilometre skiathlon competition in cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics was held on 5 February, at the Kuyangshu Nordic Center and Biathlon Center in Taizicheng. The event was won by Therese Johaug of Norway. The event was noted for its extreme weather, which many athletes complained. Temperature was −17 °C (1 °F) or −35 °C (−31 °F) with windchill, according to the International Ski Federation.
2003 OFC Women's Championship
The 2003 OFC Women's Championship was held in Canberra, Australia from 5 to 13 April 2003. It was the seventh staging of the OFC Women's Championship.

Originally scheduled for 19–29 November 2002, the tournament was postponed after withdrawal by American Samoa, Tahiti and Tonga. A rescheduled tournament with seven teams in two groups was arranged, however Fiji and Vanuatu withdrew, resulting in a five nation championship of one group.

The tournament served as the OFC's qualifying tournament for the FIFA Women's World Cup 2003. OFC's one berth was given to the winner – Australia.

Tahiti women's national football team
The Tahiti women's national football team (French: équipe de Tahiti féminine de football) or Vahine Ura represents French Polynesia in international women's football. The team is controlled by the Fédération Tahitienne de Football.
Chris & Cosey
Chris & Cosey, sometimes known as Carter Tutti, are a musical duo formed in 1981, consisting of couple Chris Carter (electronics) and Cosey Fanni Tutti (voice, electronics, guitar, cornet), both previously (and as of 2020 the sole surviving) members of industrial music pioneers Throbbing Gristle. Since the release of their 1981 debut album Heartbeat, the group have expanded on the rhythmic ideas of Throbbing Gristle while adding synthesized pop elements to their sound.

Transverse (album)
Transverse is the debut album by Carter Tutti Void, a collaborative project between Chris Carter, Cosey Fanni Tutti, and Nik Colk Void. It was released on 26 March 2012 through Mute Records. It received generally favorable reviews from critics.
Budde
Budde is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Brad Budde (b. 1958), American professional football player

Christoph Budde (1963–2009), German football player

Ed Budde (1940–2023), American professional football player

Elmar Budde (1935–2025), German musicologist

Gustav Henrik Andreas Budde-Lund (1846–1911), Danish zoologist

Jonas Budde (1644–1710), Danish-Norwegian army officer

Jöns Budde (c. 1435–1495), Finnish Franciscan friar

Kai Budde (1979–2026), German professional Magic: The Gathering player

Karl Budde (1850–1935), German theologian

Katrin Budde (b. 1965), German politician

Mariann Budde (b. 1959), diocesan bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Washington, D.C.

Ryan Budde (b. 1979), American professional baseball player

Theo Budde (1889–1959), Dutch jeweller, preservationist, and poet

Vincens Budde (1660–1729), Norwegian army officer

Jöns Budde
Jöns Budde, OSsS (sometimes spelled as Joens Budde or Jønes Budde) (c. 1435 – c. 1493) was a Bridgettine monk from the Bridgettine convent Vallis gratiae, the first convent for women in Finland, located in Naantali, near Turku, Finland – at the time part of the Kalmar Union (1397–1523).

Jöns Budde chiefly translated from Latin to Swedish, but also wrote works of his own.
His works included the translation of the whole books of the Bible into Swedish. He is the earliest writer known to have translated parts of the Bible into Swedish.

No evidence of the literary work carried on in the Dominican and Franciscan monasteries in Finland has been preserved.
2000 Preston by-election
The 2000 Preston by-election was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 23 November 2000, to elect a new Member of Parliament (MP) for the UK House of Commons constituency of Preston in Lancashire.

The vacancy was caused by the death on 2 September 2000 of Audrey Wise, the constituency's Labour Party MP. The Labour vote share declined, but with the main beneficiaries being fringe parties, the Labour candidate Mark Hendrick held the seat comfortably. The by-election was held on the same day as the 2000 West Bromwich West by-election and the 2000 Glasgow Anniesland by-election, both also won by the Labour Party.

Peter Garrett used the description "Preston Christian Alliance". David Braid used the description "Battle for Britain".

23 November 2000 was the last time three or more by-elections occurred on a single day until November 2012, when three by elections occurred on 15 November and three more on 29 November.

Audrey Wise
Audrey Wise (née Brown; 4 January 1932 – 2 September 2000) was a British Labour politician who was the Member of Parliament for Coventry South West from 1974 to 1979, and for Preston from 1987 until her death.
Aq Duqar
Aq Duqar (Arabic: أق دوكار) is a Syrian village located in Ayn Halaqim Nahiyah in Masyaf District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Aq Duqar had a population of 377 in the 2004 census.

Ain Halaqim Subdistrict
Ayn Halaqim Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية عين حلاقيم)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Masyaf District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ayn Halaqim Subdistrict had a population of 16,502 in the 2004 census. As of July 2023, the sub-district had a population of 21,517.
Sekolah Menengah Sains Tapah
Sekolah Menengah Sains Tapah (English: Tapah Science Middle School; abbreviated SESTA) is a Malaysian government boarding school (Sekolah Berasrama Penuh/SBP) located in the town of Tapah, Perak. It occupies an area of 30 acres of land, four kilometers from the town. It opened on 12 April 2010.

Tapah
Tapah is a town and the capital of Batang Padang District, Perak, Malaysia. It is one of the two gateway towns to the renowned hill retreat of Cameron Highlands alongside Simpang Pulai, with the latter situated approximately 39 kilometres (24 mi) to its north.

Tapah is located 49 kilometres (30 mi) to the southeast of Ipoh, the state capital city.
Schubring
Schubring is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Harald Walter Bernhard Schubring (stage name Ted Herold, 1942–2021), German rock and roll singer

Julius Schubring (1839–1914), German classical scholar

Marc Schubring (born 1968), German composer

Nicholas Saputra Schubring (born 1984), Indonesian actor and film producer

Walther Schubring (1881–1969), German Indologist

Julius Schubring
Johannes Julius Schubring (28 March 1839, Dessau – 5 June 1914) was a German classical scholar, known for his studies on the archaeological topography of Sicily. He was the son of the clergyman Julius Schubring (1806–1889), friend of Felix Mendelssohn, for whom he wrote the librettos of the oratorios St. Paul and Elijah.

From 1857 to 1862 he obtained his education at the universities of Erlangen, Bonn and Göttingen, and afterwards spent several years working as a tutor in Sicily. In 1868 he was appointed head teacher at the Katharineum in Lübeck, where in 1880 he succeeded Johann Friedrich Breier (1813–1880) as director.

Thomas Mann portrayed Julius Schubring in his first novel, Buddenbrooks as the head teacher, Prof. Wulicke. Schubring's youngest son Walther Schubring became an Indologist.
M
M, or m, is the thirteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of several western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is em (pronounced /ˈɛm/ ⓘ), plural ems.

Voiced bilabial nasal
A voiced bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound which has been observed to occur in about 96% of spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨m⟩. The bilabial nasal occurs in English, and it is the sound represented by "m" in map and rum. Very few languages (e.g. Wyandot) are known to lack this sound. A small number of languages have been observed to lack independent nasal phonemes altogether, such as Quileute, Makah, and Central Rotokas.
HD 3346
HD 3346, also known as V428 Andromedae, is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It is a dim star but visible to the naked eye under suitable viewing conditions, having an apparent visual magnitude of 5.14. The distance to HD 3346 can be determined from its annual parallax shift of 4.72 mas. This yields a range of about 690 light-years (210 parsecs). At that distance the brightness of the system is diminished by an extinction of 0.16 magnitude due to interstellar dust. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −33 km/s.

Naked eye
Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

In astronomy, the naked eye may be used to observe celestial events and objects visible without equipment, such as conjunctions, passing comets, meteor showers, and the brightest asteroids, including 4 Vesta. Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye.
Toronto Beaches
The Toronto Beaches are a Junior "A" box lacrosse team from Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  The Beaches play in the OLA Junior A Lacrosse League (OJLL). They are named after The Beaches, an east-end Toronto neighbourhood.

The Beaches, Toronto
The Beaches (also known as "the Beach") is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is so named because of its four beaches situated on Lake Ontario. It is located east of downtown within the "Old" City of Toronto. The approximate boundaries of the neighbourhood are from Victoria Park Avenue on the east to Kingston Road on the north, along Dundas Street to Coxwell Avenue on the west, south to Lake Ontario. The Beaches is part of the east-central district of Toronto.
Kristina Rakočević
Kristina Rakočević (born 13 June 1998) is a Montenegrin athlete specialising in the discus throw. She won a gold medal at the 2016 World U20 Championships.

Her personal best in the discus is 58.30 metres set in Split in 2016. This is the current national record as is her shot put best of 15.38 metres (Bar 2015).

2016 IAAF World U20 Championships
The 2016 World U20 Championships in Athletics was an international athletics competition for athletes qualifying as juniors (born no earlier than 1 January 1997) which was held at Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak Stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland on 19–24 July 2016. It was the first time the competition had been held under the new name, having previously been known as World Junior Championships in Athletics.

The championships were originally awarded to Kazan, Russia before the hosting rights were withdrawn as a result of ARAF being suspended by the IAAF. Since then, three cities expressed an interest in hosting the championships; on 7 January 2016, the decision was made to reallocate the championships to Bydgoszcz as it was the only city to submit a bid.

The medal table was topped by the United States with 11 gold, 6 silver, and 4 bronze medals, followed by Kenya and Ethiopia.
Nabl
Nabl is an Austrian German-language surname, a variant of Nabel. Notable people with the surname include:

Josef Nabl (1876–1953), Austrian physicist

Franz Nabl (1883–1974), Austrian writer, the namesake of the Franz Nabl Prize

Franz Nabl Prize
The Franz Nabl Prize is an biennial Austrian literature award. The prize was first awarded in 1975 by the city of Graz. The prize money is €14,500 (since 2019: €15,000). It is awarded as part of a jury meeting in cooperation with the Franz Nabl Institute for Literary Research at the Karl Franzens University of Graz.
2015 World of Outlaws Sprint Car Series
The 2015 World of Outlaws Sprint Car Series season was the 37th season of the winged sprint car series in North America. The season began with the DIRTcar Nationals at Volusia Speedway Park on February 13, and ended with the Bad Boy Buggies World of Outlaws World Finals at The Dirt Track at Charlotte on November 8. Donny Schatz entered the season as the defending series champion, and clinched the 2015 championship, his seventh overall, after a second-place finish in the  National Open at Williams Grove Speedway on October 4.

World of Outlaws
World of Outlaws Sprint Car Series, originally known as the World of Outlaws (often abbreviated WoO) is an American national touring dirt track racing series. It is owned and operated by World Racing Group, and was rebranded when the World of Outlaws Late Model Series was introduced. The Sprint Car Series has been sponsored by Monster Beverage's NOS Energy Drink since 2019.
Reviving the Islamic Spirit
Reviving the Islamic Spirit (RIS) is an annual Islamic conference typically held during the winter holiday season in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The first conference was held in 2003, and has since become one of North America's largest Islamic conferences, alongside the ISNA convention in the United States. The conference has grown from 3,500 attendees in its first year to over 20,000 in 2011, making it the largest Islamic conference in Canada.  Attendees and speakers attend from around the world, including the United States, Europe and the Middle East. In May 2010, RIS held its first American conference in Long Beach, California. 
Following the second U.S. edition at the Long Beach Convention Center on Memorial Day weekend the conference was discontinued.

Academic conference
An academic conference or scientific conference (also congress, symposium, workshop, or meeting) is an event for researchers (not necessarily academics) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with academic or scientific journals and preprint archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic habitus", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more disciplines.

The first international academic conferences and congresses appeared in 19th century.
Winnifred, Alberta
Winnifred is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada that is under the jurisdiction of the County of Forty Mile No. 8. It is approximately 50 km (31 mi) southwest of the City of Medicine Hat and 14 km (8.7 mi) east of the Town of Bow Island.

County of Forty Mile No. 8
The County of Forty Mile No. 8 is a municipal district in south eastern Alberta, Canada. It is located in Census Division 1, southwest of Medicine Hat. Its municipal office is located in the Village of Foremost.

The County of Forty Mile is filled with several ghost towns such as Nemiskam, Orion, Conquerville, Altorado, Conrad, and the partially abandoned Etzikom.
2016 Adur District Council election
The 2016 Adur District Council elections took place on 5 May 2016 to elect members of Adur District Council in West Sussex, England. Half of the council was up for election, and the Conservative Party remained in overall control of the council. The  Labour Party  trebled their number of seats from one to three.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 16 (-4)

UKIP 8 (+2)

Labour 3 (+2)

Shoreham Beach Residents Association 2 (no change)

Adur District
Adur (/ˈeɪdər/) is a local government district in West Sussex, England. It is named after the River Adur which flows through the area. The council is based in the town of Shoreham-by-Sea, and the district also contains the town of Southwick, the large village of Lancing and a modest rural hinterland inland. The district had a population of 64,626 at the 2021 census.

Sompting, Lancing, Shoreham and Southwick form a strip of settlements on the south coast, between Worthing and Brighton collectively known as the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation. Shoreham Airport is located in the Adur district, west of Shoreham-by-Sea and just east of Lancing.

The Adur Festival is held in the first two weeks of June every year.

The district lies on the south coast, and parts of its area lie within the South Downs National Park. The neighbouring districts are Worthing, Arun, Horsham and Brighton and Hove.
Radoslav (painter)
Radoslav (Serbian: Радослав) was a miniaturist painter and manuscript illuminator who lived in the first part of the 15th century Serbia. Today in Serbia he is referred to as Slikar (Painter) Radoslav. Very little information is known about him, except for his five surviving, signed pieces. The fresco decorations of Kalenić Monastery is his masterpiece.

It is said that the merit of this fifteenth-century art in Serbia which was both lordly and monastic and which was the product of luxury and asceticism alike, reconciled the outer with the inner beauty. The two miniatures, one of St. Luke with a bull and the other of St. Mark with a lion are perhaps the finest examples of this complex, traditional culture, which found its most perfect expression in the art of painting. The two miniatures come from a New Testament, done at Kalenić Monastery, dating from 1429. It is now part of a collection in the National Library of Russia (since 1932 named after Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin).

National Library of Russia
The National Library of Russia (NLR, Russian: Российская национальная библиотека, РНБ), located in Saint Petersburg, is the oldest of Russia's three national public libraries. The NLR is currently ranked among the world's major libraries. It has the second biggest library collection in the Russian Federation, a treasury of national heritage, and is the All-Russian Information, Research and Cultural Center. Over the course of its history, the library has aimed for comprehensive acquisition of the national printed output and has provided free access to its collections.

It was known as the Imperial Public Library from 1795 to 1917; Russian Public Library from 1917 to 1925; State Public Library from 1925 to 1992 (since 1932 named after M.Y. Saltykov-Shchedrin); and since 1992 as the National Library of Russia (NLR).
Estradiol 17β-benzoate
Estradiol 17β-benzoate (E2-17B) is an estrogen and an estrogen ester—specifically, the C17β benzoate ester of estradiol—which was never marketed. It is the C17β positional isomer of the better-known and clinically used estradiol ester estradiol benzoate (estradiol 3-benzoate; Progynon-B). Estradiol 17β-benzoate was first described in the 1930s.

Estrogen ester
An estrogen ester is an ester of an estrogen, most typically of estradiol but also of other estrogens such as estrone, estriol, and even nonsteroidal estrogens like diethylstilbestrol. Esterification renders estradiol into a prodrug of estradiol with increased resistance to first-pass metabolism, slightly improving its oral bioavailability. In addition, estrogen esters have increased lipophilicity, which results in a longer duration when given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection due to the formation of a long-lasting local depot in muscle and fat. Conversely, this is not the case with intravenous injection or oral administration. Estrogen esters are rapidly hydrolyzed into their parent estrogen by esterases once they have been released from the depot. Because estradiol esters are prodrugs of estradiol, they are considered to be natural and bioidentical forms of estrogen.
Thomas Harpur (academic)
Thomas Harpur (died 1508) was an English Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford.

Harpur was a Doctor of Divinity. He was a Fellow and then Warden of Merton College, Oxford, during 1507–8. In 1498, he was appointed Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University. He is also vicar of St Nicholas, Bristol, and died there in 1508. A double-brass with an inscription was installed to his and Ralph Hamsterley's memory in Merton College Chapel. Ralph Hamsterley was a Fellow of Merton College and later Master of University College, Oxford.

Warden (college)
Warden is a title used by the heads of some university colleges, halls of residence, and other institutions. Its use in this sense dates back at least to the 13th century at Merton College, Oxford, as a translation of the Latin custos.
Gyeongnam Provincial Namhae College
The Gyeongnam Provincial Namhae College is South Korea's first provincial university founded by South Gyeongsang Province aimed at fostering specialized talents in the region in March 1996.

It was opened in March 1996, receiving accreditation for the Namhae Junior College in November 1994.
In April 1999, it opened a lifelong education institute. In January 2013, it signed a treaty with China's Shanghai Business School.

There are nine departments, tourism, hotel cooking, shipbuilding, mechatronics, electronics, computer software engineering, business practices, Financial accounting practices, and tourism landscape design.

South Gyeongsang Province
South Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상남도, romanized: Gyeongsangnam-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.nam.do]) is a province in the southeast of South Korea. The provincial capital is at Changwon. It is adjacent to the major metropolitan center and port of Busan. The UNESCO World Heritage Site Haeinsa, a Buddhist temple that houses the Tripitaka Koreana and tourist attraction, is located in this province. Automobile and petrochemical factories are largely concentrated along the southern part of the province, extending from Ulsan through Busan, Changwon, and Jinju.