hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constance Radcliffe
Constance Radcliffe MBE RBV (1921 – 6 January 2004) was a Manx historian who wrote primarily about the history of the parish of Maughold and the town of Ramsey, both in the north of the Isle of Man. In 1989 Radcliffe was awarded the Reih Bleeaney Vanannan in recognition of her contribution to Manx culture, and was a recipient of the MBE in 1996.

Manx people
The Manx (/mæŋks/ manks; Manx: ny Manninee) are an ethnic group originating on the Isle of Man, in the Irish Sea in Northern Europe. They belong to the Gaelic ethnolinguistic group, which now populate the parts of the British Isles which once were the Kingdom of the Isles and Dál Riata. The Manx are governed through the Tynwald (Ard-whaiyl Tinvaal), the legislature of the island, which was introduced by Viking settlers over a thousand years ago. The native mythology and folklores of the Manx belong to the overall Celtic Mythology group, with Manannán mac Lir, the Mooinjer veggey, Buggane, Lhiannan-Shee, Ben-Varrey and the Moddey Dhoo being prominent mythological figures on the island. Their language, Manx Gaelic (Gaelg, Gailck) is derived from Middle Irish, which was introduced by settlers that colonised the island from Gaelic Ireland. However, Manx Gaelic later developed in isolation and belongs as a separate Goidelic language of the Insular Celtic languages.
Black musselcracker
The black musselcracker (Cymatoceps nasutus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is the only species in the monospecific genus Cymatoceps. It is endemic to South Africa.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) is an American partnership of federal agencies designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species. ITIS was originally formed in 1996 as an interagency group within the US federal government, involving several US federal agencies, and has now become an international body, with Canadian and Mexican government agencies participating. The database draws from a large community of taxonomic experts. Primary content staff are housed at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and IT services are provided by a US Geological Survey facility in Denver. The primary focus of ITIS is North American species, but many biological groups exist worldwide and ITIS collaborates with other agencies to increase its global coverage.
Forebitter
Forebitter is an American band with an international following specializing in sea shanties. It consists of four "chanteymen" employed by Mystic Seaport museum in Mystic, Connecticut, United States: Geoff Kaufman, Rick Spencer, David Littlefield, and Craig Edwards. The band has performed throughout the U.S., Canada and Europe.

Mystic, Connecticut
Mystic is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in Groton and Stonington, Connecticut.

Mystic was a significant Connecticut seaport with more than 600 ships built over 135 years starting in 1784. Mystic Seaport, located in the village, is the largest maritime museum in the United States and has preserved a number of sailing ships, such as the whaling ship Charles W. Morgan. The village is located on the Mystic River which flows into Fishers Island Sound. The Mystic River Bascule Bridge crosses the river in the center of the village.  The name "Mystic" is derived from the Pequot term "missi-tuk" describing a large river whose waters are driven into waves by tides or wind. The population was 4,348 at the 2020 census.
Cakile arctica
Cakile arctica, commonly known as sea rocket and Fjörukál, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway (where it is extinct in Svalbard), and North European Russia (as defined in the WGSRPD). It is an annual species, i.e. it germinates, grows, flowers, produces seeds, and dies within one year. Cakile arctica is a pioneer species in primary succession: it was the first vascular plant to colonise Surtsey, a volcanic island 32 km (20 mi) south of Iceland that was formed by eruptions between 1963 and 1967, where it was first observed growing in 1965. Although it was the first vascular plant to grow on Surtsey, as of 1987 it had not established itself on the island.

Primary succession
Primary succession is the beginning step of ecological succession where species known as pioneer species colonize an uninhabited site, which usually occurs in an environment devoid of vegetation and other organisms.

In contrast, secondary succession occurs on substrates that previously supported vegetation before an ecological disturbance. This occurs when smaller disturbances like floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and fires destroy only the local plant life and leave soil nutrients for immediate establishment by intermediate community species.
North Capitol Street Line
The North Capitol Street Line, designated as Route D30 is a daily bus route that is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Fort Totten station of the Red, Green and Yellow Lines of the Washington Metro and Federal Triangle in Downtown Washington, D.C., with late night and early morning trips extending to L'Enfant Plaza station which is served by the Blue, Orange, Silver, Green and Yellow Lines of the Washington Metro. The line operates every 15 minutes during the day and every 20 minutes at night.

Orange Line (Washington Metro)
The Orange Line is one of the six rapid transit lines of the Washington Metro system, consisting of 26 stations in Fairfax County and Arlington in Northern Virginia; Washington, D.C.; and Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The Orange Line runs from Vienna in Fairfax County to New Carrollton in Prince George's County. Half of the line's stations are shared with the Blue Line and all but three stations (Vienna, Dunn Loring, and West Falls Church) are shared with the Silver Line. Orange Line service began on November 20, 1978.

Trains run every 10 minutes during weekday rush hours, every 12 minutes during weekday off-peak hours and weekends, and every 15 minutes daily after 9:30 pm.
Oleg Gazenko
Oleg Georgievich Gazenko (Russian: Олег Георгиевич Газенко; 12 December 1918 – 17 November 2007) was a Russian military officer in the former Soviet Air Force and a program manager in the Soviet space program.

He headed the Institute of Biomedical Problems in Moscow and was leading a Soviet mission  to train animals in space. Gazenko selected and trained Laika, the dog who flew on the 1957 Sputnik 2 mission.

Monkeys and apes in space
Before humans went into space in the 1960s, several other animals were launched into space, including numerous other primates, so that scientists could investigate the biological effects of spaceflight. The United States launched flights containing primate passengers primarily between 1948 and 1961 with one flight in 1969 and one in 1985. France launched two monkey-carrying flights in 1967. The Soviet Union and Russia launched monkeys between 1983 and 1996. Most primates were anesthetized before lift-off.

Over thirty-two non-human primates flew in the space program; none flew more than once. Numerous backup primates also went through the programs but never flew. Monkeys and non-human apes from several species were used, including rhesus macaque, crab-eating macaque, squirrel monkeys, pig-tailed macaques, and chimpanzees.
1903 Lewisham by-election
The 1903 Lewisham by-election was a by-election held on 15 December 1903 for the British House of Commons constituency of Lewisham.

The by-election was triggered by the death of the serving Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP), John Penn.

The Unionist candidate was Major Edward Coates. The Liberal Party candidate was James William Cleland.

As with the Dulwich by-election held on the same day, the main issue was tariff reform and Joseph Chamberlain's proposals for Imperial Preference. A factor which made the result of the by election difficult to predict was that the seat had not been contested since 1892 and in that time the population had doubled in size. The additional residents, according to the Times, were mainly "City men, with comparatively small incomes".

In the event, the result was a comfortable win for the Unionist candidate.

John Penn (Conservative politician)
John Penn (30 March 1848 – 21 November 1903) was a British Conservative Party politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Lewisham from 1891 to 1903.

John Penn was the eldest son of the marine engineer John Penn. He was educated at Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge. Though he managed his father's firm, John Penn and Sons, he was not trained as an engineer. He was apparently "one of the best-known Parliamentary golfers, having a fine private course at Archerfield, North Berwick".
Naesu-dong
Naesu-dong (Korean: 내수동) is a dong (neighbourhood) of Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It is a legal dong (Korean: 법정동; Hanja: 法定洞) administered under its administrative dong (Korean: 행정동; Hanja: 行政洞), Sajik-dong.

Dong (administrative division)
A dong (Korean: 동; IPA: [to̞ŋ]) or neighborhood is a submunicipal level administrative unit of a city and of those cities which are not divided into wards throughout Korea. The unit is often translated as neighborhood and has been used in administrative divisions of both North Korea and South Korea.
Azad Dam
Azad Dam (Persian: سد آزاد) is a rock-fill embankment dam with a clay core on the Gura River, located approximately 40 km (25 mi) to 75 km (47 mi) west of Sanandaj in Kurdistan Province, Iran. Owned by the Iran Water and Power Resources Development Co (IWPC), the project serves as a critical source of drinking water for Sanandaj and supports limited hydroelectric power generation.

While the main dam structure and a small conventional power plant have been operational since 2015, the project has shifted its strategic focus from long-term agricultural development to emergency urban water security. As of 2025, a major planned pumped-storage power station at the site remains dormant.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Klyuchevsky District
Klyuchevsky District (Russian: Ключе́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is 3,043 square kilometers (1,175 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Klyuchi. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 18,267, with the population of Klyuchi accounting for 48.7% of that number.

Krai
A krai or kray is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR.

Etymologically, the word is related to the verb кроить (kroítǐ [krɐˈitʲ]), meaning 'to cut'. Historically, krais were vast territories located along the periphery of the Russian state, since the word krai also means 'border' or 'edge', i.e., 'a place of the cut-off'. In English the term is often translated as 'territory'. As of 2015, the administrative usage of the term is mostly traditional, as some oblasts also fit this description and there is no difference in constitutional legal status in Russia between the krais and the oblasts.
New Mexico music
The New Mexico music genre (Spanish: música nuevo mexicana / neomexicana) is a genre of music that originated in the US state of New Mexico. It derives from Pueblo music in the 13th century, and with the folk music of Hispanos during the 16th to 19th centuries in Santa Fe de Nuevo México.

During the early 1900s, the genre began to incorporate country music and American folk music. The 1950s and 1960s brought the influences of blues, jazz, rockabilly, and rock and roll into New Mexico music. During the 1970s, the music style entered popular music in the Southwestern United States.

The language of the vocals in New Mexico music is usually Mexican and New Mexican Spanish, American and New Mexican English, Spanglish, Tiwa, Hopi, Zuni, Navajo, and/or Southern Athabaskan languages.

Mexican Spanish
Mexican Spanish (Spanish: español mexicano) is the variety of dialects and sociolects of the Spanish language spoken in Mexico and its bordering regions. Mexico has the world's largest number of Spanish speakers, more than double any other country. Spanish is spoken by over 99% of the population, being the mother tongue of 93.8%, and the second language of 5.4%.
St Clair Surf Life Saving Club
St Clair Surf Life Saving Club (often shortened to St Clair SLSC) is a surf lifesaving club based at St Clair in Dunedin, New Zealand. The club is the largest of the six clubs based in the Otago region, and is one of 71 clubs nationwide. Established in 1911, St Clair has a long tradition of upholding the safety for visitors to Saint Clair Beach.

St Clair has a long tradition in surf sports events, and is a previous winner of the Nelson Shield. It has also supplied several members to the Surf Life Saving Otago representative programme. Club life member Duke Gilles was the inventor of the first mono-hulled surf canoe.

The club hosts an annual midwinter swim each year which attracts large crowds to the cool Pacific Ocean waters.

Surf lifesaving
Surf lifesaving is a multifaceted social movement that comprises key aspects of voluntary lifeguard services and competitive surf sport. Originating in early 20th century Australia, the movement has expanded globally to other countries, including New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. Surf lifesavers in Australia are colloquially known as "Clubbies".
Antidote (band)
Antidote is a Dutch punk band formed in 1996.  Inspiration for the band came when the band members had a jam session at the squat De Blauwe Aanslag. The band has released five full-length studio albums and toured extensively across Europe, North America, and Russia with prominent US punk bands such as The Casualties and   The Virus.
Antidote's music has been categorized as punk, hardcore, or straight edge.  They write politically motivated songs with lyrics that support the squatting movement, are anti-fascist, anti-homophobic, and even criticize the punk scene itself.

In December 2012, Antidote officially announced their break-up.  However, in 2017, the band reunited for a series of festival performances.  Bart and Arne Smeels, members of Antidote, have been active with the Utrecht-based punk band Bakfietsboys, and Arne Smeels has also produced solo cassettes as Arne S.

The Casualties
The Casualties are an American punk rock band from New York City, founded by vocalist Jorge Herrera, Hank Fischer (guitar), Colin Wolf (vocals), Mark Yoshitomi (bass) and Yureesh Hooker (drums) in 1990. In July 2017, it was announced on the band's Facebook page that original frontman Jorge Herrera had officially retired from touring. As of 2022, the band consists of members Jake Kolatis (guitarist), Marc Meggers (drums), Doug Wellmon (bass), and David Rodriguez (vocals).
Tole (woreda)
Tole is one of the  woredas in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Southwest Shewa Zone, it is bordered on the southwest by Kokir, on the west by Becho, on the northwest by Elu, on the northeast by the Awash which separates it from Alem Gena, and on the east and south by Kersana Kondaltiti. The major town in Tole is Bentu Liben.

Southwest Shewa Zone
Southwest Shewa (Oromo: Shawaa Kibba Lixaa) is one of the zones of the Oromia Region in Ethiopia. This zone takes its name from the kingdom or former province of Shewa. Between 2002 and 2005, a number of districts were separated from West Shewa Zone to create South west Shewa Zone. Towns in it include Waliso (the capital) and Tulu Bolo.
Laurence Olivier Award for Best Theatre Choreographer
The Gillian Lynne Award for Best Theatre Choreographer is an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in professional London theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier.

This award was introduced in 1991 as the Best Theatre Choreographer award and was renamed in honor of English choreographer Gillian Lynne in 2023.

1976 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 1976 Society of West End Theatre Awards were held in December 1976, at the Café Royal in London. They were the first major award ceremony celebrating excellence in West End theatre from the Society of West End Theatre, which would change its name to the Society of London Theatre in 1984 – the same year the awards would be renamed the Laurence Olivier Awards.
Moro Branislav
Moro Branislav (Serbian Cyrillic: Моро Бранислав; born 22 April 1957) is a Serbian volleyball coach who led the PSL Manila selection team at the 2016 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship. He is the current head coach of the Chinese Taipei men's national volleyball team.

Philippine Super Liga
The Philippine Super Liga (PSL; alternatively spelled as Philippine Superliga) was a non-professional corporate club women's volleyball league in the Philippines. It was first organized by SportsCore Event Management and Consultancy, Inc. and later owned by Athletic Events & Sports Management Group (ACES), Inc. The league was envisioned to provide former collegiate players a league with which they can continue with their volleyball career.

The PSL also had a men's division from 2013 to 2014, although its beach volleyball tournament both have a women's and men's division since its inception.

In 2021, the PSL was left without any active team after all teams either filed a leave of absence due to the COVID-19 pandemic or moved to the newly professionalized Premier Volleyball League, the PSL's rival league.
Leopold Cafe
The Leopold Cafe and Bar is a restaurant and bar on Colaba Causeway, in Colaba area of Mumbai, India, located across from the Colaba Police station. It was one of the first sites attacked in the 2008 Mumbai attacks.

Police station
A police station is a facility operated by police or a similar law enforcement agency that serves to accommodate police officers and other law enforcement personnel. The role served by a police station varies by agency, type, and jurisdiction, but in larger agencies there may be multiple police stations that serve as regional or area sub-headquarters for personnel assigned to certain beats, administrative divisions, or police units, while in smaller agencies there may be fewer stations or even one singular police headquarters.
Yuriy Kryvoruchko
Yuriy Hryhorovych Kryvoruchko (Ukrainian: Юрій Григорович Криворучко; born 19 December 1986) is a Ukrainian chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 2006. Kryvoruchko was Ukrainian champion in 2013. He competed in the FIDE World Cup in 2009 and 2013.

Chess World Cup 2013
The Chess World Cup 2013 was a 128-player single-elimination chess tournament, played between 11 August and 2 September 2013, in the hotel Scandic Tromsø in Tromsø, Norway. It was won by Vladimir Kramnik, who defeated Dmitry Andreikin 2½–1½ in the final match. The finalists qualified for the 2014 Candidates Tournament.

The winner of the Chess World Cup 2011, Peter Svidler, was defeated by Dmitry Andreikin in the quarter-finals.
Serravalle a Po
Serravalle a Po (Mantovano: Seravàl) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Mantua.

Serravalle a Po borders the following municipalities: Gazzo Veronese, Ostiglia, Borgo Mantovano, Quingentole,  Sustinente.

Borgo Mantovano
Borgo Mantovano (Lower Mantovano: Borch Mantuan) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy.

It was established on 1 January 2018 by the merger of the municipalities of Pieve di Coriano, Revere and Villa Poma.
Renfro Valley, Kentucky
Renfro Valley is a neighborhood located just off Interstate 75 at the junction of U.S. Route 25 and Kentucky Route 2793 north of Mount Vernon, the county seat of Rockcastle County, Kentucky, United States. The community has its own United States Post Office, zip code 40473.

Rockcastle County, Kentucky
Rockcastle County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,037. Its county seat is Mt. Vernon.

The county was founded in 1810 and named for the Rockcastle River, which runs through it; the river, in turn, is named for its rock cliffs. Rockcastle County is part of the Richmond-Berea, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Lexington-Fayette–Richmond–Frankfort, KY combined statistical area.
Library Review (journal)
Library Review is an academic journal which was established in 1927. This journal focuses on social sciences, specific to library and information sciences. The journal is published nine times a year by Emerald Group Publishing. The editor-in-chief is Judith Broady-Preston (Aberystwyth University).

In January 2018, Library Review was renamed Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication (GKMC).

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
Shegang, Liuyang
Shegang Town (simplified Chinese: 社港镇; traditional Chinese: 社港鎮; pinyin: Shègǎng Zhèn) is an urban town in Liuyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China. As of the 2016 census it had a population of 46,900 and an area of 175 square kilometres (68 sq mi). Shegang borders Pingjiang County and Changsha County in the north and northeast, Gugang in the east and southeast, and Longfu and Shashi in the southwest.

Pingjiang County
Pingjiang County (simplified Chinese: 平江县; traditional Chinese: 平江縣; pinyin: Píngjiāng Xiàn) is a county in the northeast of Hunan province, China. It is the easternmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Yueyang.

The county is located on the eastern margin of the province, the Miluo River runs through the county from east to west. It is bordered to the north by Yueyang County, to the west by Miluo City, to the south by Changsha County and Liuyang City, to the east by Xiushui and Tonggu Counties of Jiangxi, and to the northeast by Tongcheng County of Hubei.

Pingjiang County covers an area of 4,114 km2 (1,588 sq mi). As of 2015, it had a registered population of 1,106,900 and a permanent resident population of 979,300. The county has 19 towns and 5 townships under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Hanchang Town (汉昌镇).