hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phil Whitman
Phil Whitman (1893–1935) was an American screenwriter, cinematographer and film director. During the silent era he scripted and directed a large number of short films for Mack Sennett including those starring Billy Bevan. In the early sound era he began directing feature films for studios such as Monogram Pictures.

Mack Sennett
Mack Sennett (born Michael Sinnott; January 17, 1880 – November 5, 1960) was a Canadian-American producer, director, actor, and studio head who was known as the "King of Comedy" during his career.

Born in Danville, Quebec, he started acting in films in the Biograph Company of New York City in 1908, and later opened Keystone Studios in Edendale, California in 1912. Keystone possessed the first fully enclosed film stage, and Sennett became famous as the originator of slapstick routines such as pie-throwing and car-chases, as seen in the Keystone Cops films. He also produced short features that displayed his Bathing Beauties, many of whom had  acting careers.

After struggling with bankruptcy and the dominance of sound films in the early 1930s, Sennett was presented with an honorary Academy Award in 1938 for his contributions to the film industry, with the academy describing him as a "master of fun, discoverer of stars, sympathetic, kindly, understanding comedy genius".
Moirlanich Longhouse
Moirlanich Longhouse is a rare example of a cruck frame Scottish cottage. It is located at grid reference NN562341 in Glen Lochay near Killin in the Stirling council area, Scotland.

Removal of the corrugated roof during a renovation revealed the remains of the original thatched roof and analysis of this has added significantly to knowledge of thatching in Scotland.

It was purchased by the National Trust for Scotland in 1992 and is open to visitors from May to September.

Cruck
A cruck or crook frame is a curved timber, one of a pair, which support the roof of a building, historically used in England and Wales. This type of timber framing consists of long, generally naturally curved, timber members that lean inwards and form the ridge of the roof. These posts are then generally secured by a horizontal beam which then forms an "A" shape. Several of these "crooks" are constructed on the ground and then lifted into position. They are then joined together by either solid walls or cross beams which aid in preventing 'racking' (the action of each individual frame going out of square with the rest of the frame, and thus risking collapse).
Gunnarson
Gunnarson is a surname of Scandinavian origin, meaning son of Gunnar. Notable people with the surname include:

Dean Gunnarson (born 1964), Canadian escapologist

Gunnar Gunnarson (born 1918), Swedish marxist historian

Dean Gunnarson
Dean Gunnarson (born 27 January 1964) is a Canadian escapologist (escape artist). He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba and raised in San Antonio, Texas.: 185  He is noted for a series of large scale spectacular stunts done for television. Gunnarson has appeared on television in over 165 countries around the world performing his escapes. Gunnarson has performed over 500 shows across China and his TV escapes have been seen by millions of people there. In 2012 the Chinese Government presented him with "The World's Top Escape Artist" award after a successful escape on live TV. He has also performed across Canada and the US on TV, fairs, shopping malls, sporting events, and for many of the countries top corporations.
Monterey Peninsula Unified School District
Monterey Peninsula Unified School District is a public school district based in Monterey County, California, United States.

The district serves the communities of Monterey, Del Rey Oaks, Sand City, Seaside, almost all of Marina, and a portion of the Del Monte Forest census-designated place.

Seaside, California
Seaside, formerly East Monterey, is a city in Monterey County, California, United States, with a population of 32,366 as of the 2020 census. It is located 2.25 miles (3.6 km) east-northeast of Monterey, at an elevation of 33 feet (10 m), and is the home of California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB), UC MBEST Center, and the Monterey College of Law, which are located on the site of the former military base Fort Ord. Also on the site are the Bayonet and Black Horse golf courses, now open to the public and host to PGA Tour events, including the 2012 PGA Professional National Championship. Seaside is the gateway to Fort Ord National Monument, created on April 20, 2012.
Café Hafa
Café Hafa (Arabic: مقهى الحافة) is a cafe in Tangier, Morocco, located along the cliff top overlooking the Bay of Tangier. Opened in 1921, the cafe still maintains its original decor with multiple levels of terrace seating, facing the Strait of Gibraltar with Tarifa, Spain visible in the distance.

The singer-songwriter, musician, painter, and director Luis Eduardo Aute dedicated a song to him, entitled Hafa Café, included in his album Slowly.

Famous past visitors have included Paul Bowles, William S. Burroughs, Juan Goytisolo, Sean Connery, The Beatles, and the Rolling Stones.

Strait of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar, also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa.
The two continents are separated by 7.7 nautical miles (14.2 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point. Ferries cross between the two continents every day in as little as 35 minutes. The Strait's depth ranges between 300 and 900 metres (980 and 2,950 feet; 160 and 490 fathoms).

The strait lies in the territorial waters of Morocco, Spain, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, foreign vessels and aircraft have the freedom of navigation and overflight to cross the strait of Gibraltar in case of continuous transit.
Paola Ruvalcaba
Paola Lizette Ruvalcaba Núñez (born 25 May 1998) is a Mexican Paralympic swimmer who competes in international swimming competitions. She is a three-time Parapan American Games champion in backstroke. She competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics but did not medal.

Ruvalcaba began swimming at eleven years old as part of rehabilitation for her disability. She was inspired to take up Paralympic swimming by her role model American swimmer Jessica Long.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
Wes Edens
Wesley Robert Edens (born October 30, 1961) is an American billionaire businessman and private equity investor. He is the co-founder of Fortress Investment Group and founder of New Fortress Energy. Edens is co-owner of the Milwaukee Bucks franchise of the NBA based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. While Edens was co-owner, the Bucks won the 2021 NBA championship. He is also the co-owner of association football holding company V Sports alongside Nassef Sawiris, whose assets include ownership of Premier League football club Aston Villa and a 29% stake in Portuguese Primeira Liga team Vitória S.C.

Fortress Investment Group
Fortress Investment Group, LLC is an American multi-manager investment firm based in New York City. The firm invests in corporate credit, real estate, private equity, insurance, and permanent capital strategies. Fortress manages $53 billion of assets as of August 2025 on behalf of over 2,000 institutional clients and private investors worldwide.

Fortress was founded in 1998. The company listed on the NYSE in February 2007, delisted in 2017, and, as of 2024, began operating as a privately held and independent brand. Drew McKnight and Joshua Pack were the co-CEOs of Fortress, prior to Mr. Pack's unexpected passing in September 2025.
Mirabello Monferrato
Mirabello Monferrato is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Alessandria.

Mirabello Monferrato borders the following municipalities: Giarole, Lu e Cuccaro Monferrato, Occimiano, San Salvatore Monferrato, and Valenza.

Province of Alessandria
The province of Alessandria (Italian: provincia di Alessandria; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Lissandria; in Piedmontese of Alessandria: provinsa ëd Lissändria) is an province of the region of Piedmont in Italy. The capital is the city of Alessandria. It has a population of 407,029 across its 187 municipalities as of 2025.

With an area of 3,558.83 square kilometres (1,374.07 mi2) it is the third largest province of Piedmont after the province of Cuneo and the Metropolitan City of Turin. To the north it borders on the province of Vercelli and to the west on the Metropolitan City of Turin and the province of Asti. It shares its southern border with Liguria (province of Savona and the Metropolitan City of Genoa). Its south-east corner touches the Province of Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna, while to the east it borders on the Lombard province of Pavia.
2018 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana
The 2018 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the twenty-third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Champaign, Illinois, United States between November 12 and November 17, 2018.

Champaign, Illinois
Champaign (/ˌʃæmˈpeɪn/ sham-PAYN) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 88,302 at the 2020 census. It is the tenth-most populous municipality in Illinois and the fourth most populous city in the state outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020.

Champaign shares the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Urbana, and is also home to Parkland College, which gives the city a large student population during the academic year. Due to the university and a number of technology startup companies, it is often referred to as a hub of the Illinois Silicon Prairie. Champaign houses offices for the Fortune 500 companies Abbott, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Caterpillar, John Deere, Dow Chemical Company, IBM, and State Farm. Champaign also serves as the headquarters for several companies, including Jimmy John's.
Kirovsky City District, Murmansk
Kirovsky City District (Russian: Ки́ровский райо́н) was a territorial division of the city of Murmansk in Murmansk Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. It was established for the first time by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR of April 20, 1939 and abolished together with the other two city districts on June 2, 1948. All three city districts, including Kirovsky, were restored on June 23, 1951, but were once again abolished on September 30, 1958.

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was the collective head of state of the Russian SFSR and the permanent body of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR that was accountable to the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR in its activity and, within the nominal limits prescribed by the Constitution of the Russian SFSR, performed functions of the highest state power in the Russian SFSR between 1938 and 1990. It was elected by the Supreme Soviet of Russia to perform the Supreme Soviet's activities when it was not in session, which, in practice, was most of the year.
Puppy chow (snack)
Puppy chow, also known as monkey munch, muddy buddies, muddy munch, reindeer chow, or doggy bag, is the name for a homemade candy made in the United States, primarily in the Midwest. The recipe's name and ingredients can differ depending on the version, but most recipes will typically include cereal, melted chocolate, peanut butter (or other nut butters), and powdered sugar. Nut free versions can be made using nut butter alternatives, such as sunflower butter. Corn, wheat, or rice cereal can be used, usually Chex and/or Crispix.

Sunflower butter
Sunflower butter, also known as sunflower seed butter, is a seed butter made by grinding seeds from the common sunflower into a paste. Sunflower butter is commonly used as a substitute for peanut butter when allergies are a concern.
Villeneuve, Alberta
Villeneuve is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Sturgeon County. It is located on Highway 44, approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of Edmonton's city limits. It is home to the band government of the Michel First Nations.

Central Alberta
Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy are important to the area's economy.
Conneaut Area Senior High School
Conneaut Area Senior High School, known locally as "CASH", is a public high school which is located within the borough of Linesville, Pennsylvania, USA. Situated at 302 West School Drive, the high school serves the Boroughs of Conneaut Lake, Conneautville, Linesville and Springboro; and the Townships of Beaver, Conneaut, East Fallowfield, Greenwood, North Shenango, Pine, Sadsbury, Spring, Summerhill, Summit and West Fallowfield.

It is the only high school for students in grades nine through twelve in the Conneaut School District. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2019, the school reported an enrollment of 635 pupils in grades nine through twelve. The school employed forty-six teachers, yielding a student-teacher ratio of 14:1.

Greenwood, Pennsylvania
Greenwood is a census-designated place in Logan Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States.  It is located near I-99 and is adjacent in the northeast to the city of Altoona.  As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,458  residents.
Boxing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Heavyweight
The men's heavyweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1992 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 91 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 28 July to 8 August 1992. 23 boxers from 23 nations competed.

Félix Savón
Félix Savón Fabre (born 22 September 1967) is a Cuban former amateur boxer who competed from 1980 to 2000. Considered one of the all-time greatest amateurs, he became three-time Olympic gold medalist, and the World Champion six times in a row, all in the heavyweight division. In 1988, when he was favored by many to win the gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics, the Cuban government boycotted the event. Savón is particularly known for having rejected numerous multimillion-dollar offers to defect and leave Cuba permanently to fight Mike Tyson as a professional.
Alexandar Lazarov
Alexandar Lazarov (Bulgarian: Александър Лазаров, born 6 November 1997) is a Bulgarian inactive professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking is world No. 272 achieved on 14 November 2022 and his best doubles ranking is No. 359 achieved on 3 February 2020.

Telavi
Telavi (/təˈlɑːvi/; თელავი [t̪ʰeɫaβi]) is the main city and administrative center of the eastern Georgian province of Kakheti. As of the 2024 census, its population was 16,800. The city is located on the foothills of the Tsiv-Gombori Range at 500–800 m (1,600–2,600 ft) above sea level.
Valle Church (Valle)
Valle Church (Norwegian: Valle kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Valle Municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the village of Valle. It is one of the churches for the Valle og Hylestad parish which is part of the Otredal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform design in 1844 by Anders Thorsen Syrtveit who used plans drawn up by the famous architect Hans Linstow.

The main part of the church is 7.6 by 13.9 metres (25 ft × 46 ft) and the choir is 7.6 by 6 metres (25 ft × 20 ft). Altogether with the entrance and the sacristy, the church is 233 square metres (2,510 sq ft). The church seats about 400 people comfortably on the main floor and in the upper gallery. Traditionally, the gallery sat about 150 unmarried people and the main floor sat about 350 married people. The steeple is 22 metres (72 ft) tall.

Steeple
In architecture, a steeple is a tall tower on a building, topped by a spire and often incorporating a belfry and other components. Steeples are very common on Christian churches and cathedrals and the use of the term generally connotes a religious structure. They might be stand-alone structures, or incorporated into the entrance or center of the building.
Nationale 1 Feminin
The Nationale 1 Feminin (abbreviated as NF1 or N1 Feminin; in English: National 1 Women) is the highest level women's basketball league in Senegal. The league exists of eight teams as of the 2024 season.

Each season is finished with a final in a single-game elimination format, held at the Marius Ndiaye Stadium in Dakar.

The champions of the NM1 qualify directly for the FIBA Africa Women's Basketball League, the top-level continental league.

Marius Ndiaye Stadium
Marius Ndiaye stadium (Stade Marius Ndiaye) is an indoor arena in Dakar, Senegal, used primarily for basketball. The arena was home to the FIBA Africa Championship for Women 2007 in September 2007. It was also used to host the 29th FIBA Africa Basketball Championship in 2017.
Malaysian Leprosy Relief Association
The Malaysian Leprosy Relief Association (MALRA) (Malay: Persatuan Pemulihan Kusta Malaysia) is a non-governmental organisation in Malaysia, established in 1959 to provide social and economic support for Malaysian citizens affected by leprosy.

Under the Leper Enactment Act of 1926, individuals diagnosed with leprosy were subject to compulsory isolation, with many patients housed at the Sungai Buloh Leprosarium.

MALRA participated in efforts to shift Malaysia's public health approach from segregation to community-based reintegration, including initiatives to support the retraining of patients and former patients for reintegration into society.

Sungai Buloh
Sungai Buloh, or Sungei Buloh, is a town, a mukim (commune) and a parliamentary constituency in the northern part of Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia. The name itself means bamboo river in the Malay language. It is located 16 km NW of downtown Kuala Lumpur and 8 km north of the Subang Airport, along the Kuala Selangor highway.

Bordering Damansara, Kepong, Kuang and Kuala Selangor, Sungai Buloh is notable for its colonial-era leper colony, one of the largest in the country.
Francis Walter Despard Twigg
Captain Francis Walter Despard Twigg (1883–1951) was a senior officer in the Royal Navy. He was made OBE in 1919 for valuable services in Command of HMS Lysander as a Senior Officer of Convoy Escorts. In 1946 he was awarded the Legion of Merit, Degree of Legionnaire.

Captain (Royal Navy)
Captain (Capt.) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy. It ranks above commander and below commodore and has a NATO ranking code of OF-5.  The rank is equivalent to a colonel in the British Army and Royal Marines, and to a group captain in the Royal Air Force.  There are similarly named equivalent ranks in the navies of many other countries.
Dandy Gilver
Dandy Gilver is the protagonist of a historical mystery series by Scottish author Catriona McPherson. The stories are set in Scotland in the interwar period, beginning shortly after World War I and extending into the mid-1930s.

Catriona McPherson
Catriona McPherson (born 22 October 1965, in South Queensferry) is a Scottish writer. She is most notable for her Dandy Gilver series. Her novels have won an Agatha Award, two Anthony Awards, six Lefty Awards, and two Macavity Awards.

McPherson received a Master of Arts degree in English Language and Linguistics and Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics, both from the University of Edinburgh. Before committing herself to writing full-time in 2005, McPherson worked in banking, libraries, and academia.

She remained in Scotland until 2010 when she moved to California.
Second quantization
Second quantization, also referred to as occupation number representation, is a formalism used to describe and analyze quantum many-body systems. In quantum field theory, it is known as canonical quantization, in which the fields (typically as the wave functions of matter) are thought of as field operators, in a manner similar to how the physical quantities (position, momentum, etc.) are thought of as operators in first quantization. The key ideas of this method were introduced in 1927 by Paul Dirac, and were later developed, most notably, by Pascual Jordan and Vladimir Fock.
In this approach, the quantum many-body states are represented in the Fock state basis, which are constructed by filling up each single-particle state with a certain number of identical particles. The second quantization formalism introduces the creation and annihilation operators to construct and handle the Fock states, providing useful tools to the study of the quantum many-body theory.

N-body problem
In physics, the n-body problem is the problem of predicting the individual motions of a group of celestial objects interacting with each other gravitationally. Solving this problem has been motivated by the desire to understand the motions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and visible stars.

The classical physical problem can be stated as follows:

Each particle in a system of a finite number of particles is subjected to a Newtonian gravitational attraction from all the other particles, and to no other forces. If the initial state of the system is given, how will the particles move?

The two-body problem has been completely solved and is discussed below. For three or more bodies the problem can only be solved completely in particular cases. In general, the problem is chaotic and can only be solved numerically.

The n-body problem in general relativity is considerably more difficult to solve.
6 Hours of Zhuhai
The 6 Hours of Zhuhai is a sports car endurance race held at the Zhuhai International Circuit in Zhuhai, Guangdong, China. The race was first held in 1994 on Zhuhai Street Circuit as a round of the BPR Global GT Series.  It was held 7 times in 14 years in BPR and the FIA GT Championship, and revived in 2010 under the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup.

FIA GT Championship
The FIA GT Championship was a sports car racing series organized by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation (SRO) at the behest of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The championship was mostly concentrated in Europe, but throughout the years has visited other continents including Asia and South America. At the end of 2009, the championship was replaced by the FIA GT1 World Championship, which morphed into the FIA GT Series for 2013.