hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry J. Madill
Henry John Madill (30 March 1829, Hunterstown, Pennsylvania – 29 June 1899, Wysox, Pennsylvania) The son of Scotch-Irish emigrant Dr. Alexander Madill, was a lawyer and U.S. Army Colonel during the American Civil War. Madill was privately educated, and was admitted to the bar of Bradford County in 1851. He was elected major of the 6th Pennsylvania Reserves on June 22, 1861. On August 30, 1862, he was appointed colonel of the 141st Pennsylvania Infantry. On July 23, 1863, he commanded a brigade at The Battle of Manassas Gap. Madill was brevetted brigadier general December 2, 1864 by presidential order. He was brevetted major general of volunteers on March 15, 1865.  Madill was wounded three times and had six horses shot from under him.

Battle of Manassas Gap
The Battle of Manassas Gap, also known as the Battle of Wapping Heights, took place on July 23, 1863, in Warren County, Virginia, at the conclusion of General Robert E. Lee's retreat back to Virginia in the final days of the Gettysburg campaign of the American Civil War. Union forces attempted to force passage across the Blue Ridge Mountains and attack the Confederate rear as it formed a defensive position in the upper Shenandoah Valley. Despite successfully forcing the passage at Manassas Gap, the Union force was unable to do so before Lee retreated further up the valley to safety, resulting in an inconclusive battle.
Ardanuç
Ardanuç (Georgian: არტან უჯი, romanized: art'an uji; Armenian: Արտանուջ, Artanuj) is a town in Artvin Province in Turkey's Black Sea region of Turkey, 32 km east of Artvin. The name Ardanuç derives from Lazuri language and Armenian (Laz: Artanish-Uji; lit. "edge of Ardahan” in Lazuri and “Ard” meaning field in Armenian"). It is the seat of Ardanuç District. Its population is 5,470 (2021).

Black Sea region
The Black Sea region (Turkish: Karadeniz Bölgesi) (sometimes referred to as Pontus or Pontos) is a geographical region of Turkey. The largest city in the region is Samsun. Other big cities are Zonguldak, Trabzon, Ordu, Tokat, Giresun, Rize, Amasya and Sinop.

It is bordered by the Marmara Region to the west, the Central Anatolia Region to the south, the Eastern Anatolia Region to the southeast, the Republic of Georgia to the northeast, and the Black Sea to the north.
The O. J. Simpson Story
The O. J. Simpson Story is a 1995 American drama film directed by Jerrold Freedman and written by Stephen Harrigan. It stars Bobby Hosea, Jessica Tuck, David Roberson, James Handy, Kimberly Russell and Harvey Jason. It premiered on Fox on January 31, 1995.

Jessica Tuck
Jessica Tuck (born February 19, 1963) is an American actress, best known for her performances on television as Megan Gordon Harrison on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live,  Gillian Gray in the CBS drama series Judging Amy, and as Nan Flanagan on the HBO series True Blood.
Loudspeaker (2009 film)
Loudspeaker is a 2009 Indian Malayalam-language tragicomedy drama film produced, written, and directed by Jayaraj, starring Mammootty, Sasi Kumar, Gracy Singh, Jagathy Sreekumar, Cochin Hanifa, Saleem Kumar, and KPAC Lalitha.

Salim Kumar
Salim Kumar (born 10 October 1969) is an Indian actor, comedian, director and writer in Malayalam cinema. Mostly known for his comic and comedy roles, Salim Kumar is considered one of the best and most prominent comedians in the history of Malayalam cinema.

In his later career, Salim Kumar also found success in playing character roles and won the National Film Award for Best Actor in 2010 for his role in Adaminte Makan Abu (which also won the year's Kerala State Film Award). His directorial film Karutha Joothan won the 2017 Kerala State Film Award for Best Story. He has also won the Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actor for Achanurangatha Veedu (2005) and a Kerala State Television Award for Best Actor (2013).
I Like (Shanice song)
"I Like" is a song by American singer-songwriter Shanice, released in August 1994 by Motown Records as the third single from her third album, 21... Ways to Grow (1994). The song was written by Shanice with producer Chris Stokes and samples "I'll Take You There" by the Staple Singers. A music video was also produced to promote the single. "I Like" was nominated in the category for Tune of the Year at the International Dance Awards 1995.

Chris Stokes (filmmaker)
Christopher B. Stokes (born 1969 or 1970) is an American filmmaker and former record executive. He founded the record label the Ultimate Group (or TUG Entertainment) in 1997, whose roster included B2K, Omarion, Jhené Aiko, Marques Houston, IMx and NLT, among others. He has also directed the 2004 dance drama film You Got Served, as well as the direct-to-TV films House Party 4 (2001) and Somebody Help Me (2007).
Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah
Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah (Arabic: محمد نور الدين عبدالله) is a Sudanese photojournalist who has been working as resident photographer for Reuters since 2005 and has also worked for Agence France-Presse, Oxford Analytica and other news outlets. His photographs of Sudan, often focusing on the effects of war and social exclusion on ordinary people, have been featured in numerous international news reports.

Darfur genocide (2003–2005)
The Darfur genocide was the systematic killing of ethnic Darfuri people during the War in Darfur. The genocide, which was carried out against the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups, led the International Criminal Court (ICC) to indict several people for crimes against humanity, rape, forced transfer and torture. An estimated 200,000 people were killed between 2003 and 2005. Other sources estimate that between 2003 and 2008, the conflict resulted in about 300,000 civilian deaths and about 2.7 million displaced civilians.
Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne (composer)
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, or Lemoyne, (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist ləmwan]; 3 April 1751 – 30 December 1796) was a French composer, chiefly of operas. Born in Eymet, Dordogne, he first worked as a musician in Berlin and Warsaw, where in 1775 he produced his first opera, Le bouquet de Colette, starring his pupil Antoinette de Saint-Huberty (née Clavel). He returned to France and wrote the tragic opera Électre, which received its premiere in 1782. Lemoyne claimed his music was following the example of Christoph Willibald Gluck, then the greatest influence on French opera, but when Électre failed, Gluck rejected any association with the younger composer. Lemoyne turned to Gluck's rivals, Niccolò Piccinni and Antonio Sacchini, as musical models for his next two tragedies, Phèdre (1786) and the Egyptian-set Nephté (1789), which had more success. His later operas are less important. He died in Paris.

Eymet
Eymet (French pronunciation: [ɛjmɛ]; Occitan: Aimet) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

It is notable as a popular location amongst English speaking immigrants, with Britons accounting for a quarter of the population.
Scopula menytes
Scopula menytes is a moth of the  family Geometridae. It is found in the Marquesas Archipelago. It was described based on a single male from Hitikau Ridge on Ua Huka at 870 m (2,850 ft) above sea level. The wingspan of this specimen, the holotype, is 23 mm (0.91 in).

Hitikau
Hitikau is a volcanic mountain of Ua Huka, in the Marquesas Islands of Polynesia. It has an elevation of 884 metres (2,900 ft), the highest point of the island, and lies to the northeast of the village of Hane.
St Thomas of Canterbury Church, Chester
The Church of St. Thomas of Canterbury is an active Anglican parish church situated in the City of Chester, in an area of the city informally known as "The Garden Quarter", a densely populated area, close to the University. The church was built in 1872, but the parish of St. Oswald which it serves is much older, dating back to about 980 AD. One of the earliest references to St. Oswald's can be found in Bradshaw's. The parish registers date back to 1580. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. The church is part of the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Chester and the deanery of Chester. The patrons of the parish are the dean and chapter of Chester Cathedral.

University of Chester
The University of Chester is a public university located in Chester, England. The university originated as the first purpose-built teacher training college in the UK. As a university, it now occupies five campus sites in and around Chester, one in Warrington, and a University Centre in Shrewsbury. It offers a range of foundation, undergraduate and postgraduate courses, as well as undertaking academic research.

The university is a member of AACSB, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Cathedrals Group, the North West Universities Association and Universities UK. It holds an overall Silver Award in the 2023 Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF).

A 2021 article in Times Higher Education described the University of Chester as being the fifth-oldest higher education establishment in England, with only the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and London predating it.
174th Attack Wing
The 174th Attack Wing is a unit of the New York Air National Guard, stationed at Hancock Field Air National Guard Base, Syracuse, New York. The 174th is equipped with the MQ-9 Reaper. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Combat Command.

Operation Provide Comfort
Operation Provide Comfort and Provide Comfort II were military operations initiated by the United States and other Coalition nations of the Persian Gulf War, starting in April 1991, to defend Kurdish refugees fleeing their homes in northern Iraq in the aftermath of the Gulf War, and to deliver humanitarian aid to them. The no-fly zone instituted to help bring this about would become one of the main factors allowing the development of the autonomous Kurdistan Region.
Spring Fever (1982 film)
Spring Fever is a 1982 Canadian-American comedy film directed by Joseph L. Scanlan, set in the world of competitive tennis. It was produced by Amulet Pictures with the participation of the Canadian Film Development Corporation and Famous Players Limited. The original title for the film was Sneakers, but was changed to Spring Fever when released.

The film follows a Las Vegas teen (Carling Bassett) as she participates in the National Junior Tennis Championship in Tampa, Florida with her showgirl mother (Susan Anton).

Telefilm Canada
Telefilm Canada is a Canadian Crown corporation that supports Canada's audiovisual industry. Headquartered in Montreal, Telefilm Canada provides services to the Canadian audiovisual industry with four regional offices in Vancouver, British Columbia; Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Halifax, Nova Scotia. The primary mandate of the corporation is to finance and promote Canadian productions through its various funds and programs.
Eucalyptus chapmaniana
Eucalyptus chapmaniana,  commonly known as the Bogong gum, is a species of small to medium-sized tree endemic to montane and eastern Australia. It has rough, fibrous and fissured bark on most of the trunk and smooth light brown to grey bark often shed in long ribbons on the branches. The adult leaves are lance-shaped to curved, the flower buds in groups of three and the fruit a conical or bell-shaped capsule.

Bogong, Victoria
Bogong is a locality in north east Victoria, Australia. The locality is in the Alpine Shire local government area, 371 kilometres (231 mi) north east of the state capital, Melbourne.

At the 2016 census, Bogong had a population of 5.
Copinula River
Copinula River (Rio Copinula) is a medium stream in the Sonsonate department of El Salvador, which has moderate to large quantities of fresh water year round, especially from early May through October.

A stream with a similar name, Copinulapa River (Rio Copinulapa), is also located in El Salvador, near the municipality of Nombre de Jesús in the Chalatenango department.  This stream is a tributary of the Lempa River at 14°00′06″N 88°42′36″W﻿ / ﻿14.001576°N 88.710078°W﻿ / 14.001576; -88.710078.

Chalatenango Department
Chalatenango (Spanish pronunciation: [tʃalateˈnaŋɡo]) is a department of El Salvador located in the northwest of the country. The department's capital city is the city of Chalatenango, which shares the same name as the department. Chalatenango covers a land area of 778.61 square miles (2,016.58 km2) and contains over 185,930 inhabitants. Chalatenango's maximum elevation, located at Cerro El Pital (the country's highest point), is 8,960 feet (2,730 m).

Amílcar Iván Monge Monge of Nuevas Ideas has been the governor of Chalatenango since 2020.
Wawel Hill (Antarctica)
Wawel Hill is a hill rising to 290 m north of Point Hennequin, on the east side of Admiralty Bay, King George Island. Named "Góra Wawel" in 1980 by the Polish Antarctic Expedition after a hill by this name in Kraków, historic site of the castle of the Polish kings.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Wawel Hill (Antarctica)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

62°7′S 58°24′W﻿ / ﻿62.117°S 58.400°W﻿ / -62.117; -58.400

Admiralty Bay (South Shetland Islands)
Admiralty Bay is an irregular bay, 8 km (5 mi) wide at its entrance between Demay Point and Martins Head, indenting the southern coast of King George Island for 16 km (10 mi), in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The name appears on a map of 1822 by Captain George Powell, a British sailor, and is now established in international usage. The Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station is situated on the bay, as is the Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Base. It has been designated an Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 1).
Ranish Partition Manager
Ranish Partition Manager is a freeware hard disk partition editor, disk cloning utility, and boot manager, that gives a high level of control for creating multi-boot systems. It is available on the freeware live CD SystemRescueCD and the Ultimate Boot CD (not the Windows version). It runs under MS-DOS, PC DOS, DR-DOS, or FreeDOS.

Freeware
Freeware is software, often proprietary, that is distributed at no monetary cost to the end user. There is no agreed-upon set of rights, license, or EULA that defines freeware unambiguously; every publisher defines its own rules for the freeware it offers. For instance, modification, redistribution by third parties, and reverse engineering are permitted by some publishers but prohibited by others. Unlike with free and open-source software, which are also often distributed free of charge, the source code for freeware is typically not made available. Freeware may be intended to benefit its producer by, for example, encouraging sales of a more capable version, as in the freemium and shareware business models; or by collecting and selling user's personal data.
Kaptai Dam
Kaptai Dam (Bengali: কাপ্তাই বাঁধ) is on the Karnaphuli River at Kaptai, 65 km (40 mi) upstream from Chittagong in Rangamati District, Bangladesh. It is an earth-fill embankment dam with a reservoir (known as Kaptai Lake) with water storage capacity of 6,477 million cubic metres (5,251,000 acre⋅ft). The primary purpose of the dam and reservoir was to generate hydroelectric power. Construction was completed in 1962, in then-East Pakistan. The generators in the 230 MW (310,000 hp) Karnafuli Hydroelectric Power Station were commissioned between 1962 and 1988. It is the only hydroelectric power station in Bangladesh.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
College Park–University of Maryland station
College Park–University of Maryland station is a Washington Metro and MARC station located in College Park, Maryland, near the University of Maryland, College Park campus. It is served by the Green Line and Yellow Line on the Metro while also providing limited service on the MARC Camden Line. Additionally, light rail Purple Line is planned to begin service at the station in 2027.

MARC Train
The Maryland Area Rail Commuter (MARC) is a commuter rail system in the Washington–Baltimore area. MARC (reporting mark MARC) is administered by the Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) and operated under contract by Alstom and Amtrak on track owned by CSX Transportation (CSXT) and Amtrak. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 4,187,100, or about 19,300 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025, less than pre-COVID-19 pandemic weekday ridership of 40,000.

With trains on the Penn Line reaching a maximum speed of 125 miles per hour (201 km/h), MARC has the highest top speed of any commuter railroad in the United States.
Gbemileke Oscar Oyinsan
Gbemileke Oscar Oyinsan (born 2 April 1984) is a Nigerian media personality from Akure in Ondo State, Nigeria. He is an ex-radio broadcaster who previously worked in radio stations in Nigeria, a graduate of chemical engineering and is currently the MD/CEO of Amber 11 Media.

Oyinsan is also the quiz master and host of Nigerian syndicate mathematics TV quiz competition for secondary school students called Cowbellpedia.

University of Lagos
The University of Lagos (UNILAG) is a public research university located in Lagos, Nigeria, which was founded in 1962. UNILAG is one of the first generation universities in Nigeria and is ranked among the top universities in Africa in major education publications. The university presently has three campuses in the mainland of Lagos. Whereas two of its campuses are located at Yaba (the main campus in Akoka and the recently created campus at the former school of radiography), its college of medicine is located at Idi-Araba, Surulere. Its main campus is largely surrounded by the Lagos Lagoon and has 802 acres of land. As of 2024, the University of Lagos admits around 8,500 undergraduate students annually and enrolls over 57,000 students.
Nesoryzomys indefessus
Nesoryzomys indefessus, also known as the Santa Cruz nesoryzomys or Indefatigable Galápagos mouse, is an extinct species of rodent from the genus Nesoryzomys of family Cricetidae from Galápagos Islands of Ecuador. It formerly lived on Santa Cruz Island, as well as Baltra Island, but is now extinct, probably due to the introduction of black rats. Another related rodent, N. narboroughi, is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of N. indefessus.

Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos)
Santa Cruz Island (Spanish: Isla Santa Cruz), also known as Indefatigable Island and by other names, is the most populous and second-largest island in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Situated in the middle of the group, Santa Cruz is a shield volcano with an area of 986 km2 (381 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 864 m (2,835 ft). The seat of Santa Cruz Canton is Puerto Ayora on Santa Cruz. The island's total population is around 18,000 with those living in smaller villages chiefly working in agriculture and cattle raising.
Taoroinai
Taoroinai (Manipuri: ꯇꯥꯎꯔꯣꯢꯅꯥꯢ) is a snake-like dragon in Meitei mythology and Sanamahism, the indigenous religion of Manipur. It lived in the land of the Moon.
According to the Shakok Lamlen, the Kangla was constructed over the navel of Taoroinai.

Meitei mythology
Meitei mythology (or Manipuri mythology) (Meitei: Meitei Mi Lai Tingi Wari) is a collection of myths, belonging to the religious and cultural traditions of the Meitei people, the predominant ethnic group of Manipur. It is associated with traditional Meitei religion of Sanamahism. Meitei myths explain various natural phenomena, how human civilization developed, and the reasons of many events.
It Still Ain't Easy
It Still Ain't Easy is a studio album by blues singer Long John Baldry. It marks the 20th anniversary of his US breakthrough album It Ain't Easy in 1971. Much of the material from It Still Ain't Easy was regularly performed in concert.

Lucky Peterson
Judge Kenneth "Lucky" Peterson (December 13, 1964 – May 17, 2020) was an American musician who played contemporary blues, fusing soul, R&B, gospel and rock and roll. He was a vocalist, guitarist and keyboardist. Music journalist Tony Russell, in his book The Blues - From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray has said, "he may be the only blues musician to have had national television exposure in short pants."
David Goldblatt
David Goldblatt HonFRPS (29 November 1930 – 25 June 2018) was a South African documentary photographer noted for his dedicated portrayal of the South African peoples within the political landscape of the  apartheid era. After apartheid's end, he concentrated more on the country's landscapes. Goldblatt's body of work was distinct from that of other anti-apartheid artists in that he photographed issues that went beyond the violent events of apartheid and reflected the conditions that led up to them. His forms of protest have a subtlety that traditional documentary photographs may lack; Goldblatt said, "[M]y dispassion was an attitude in which I tried to avoid easy judgments.... This resulted in a photography that appeared to be disengaged and apolitical, but which was in fact the opposite." Goldblatt also wrote journal articles and books on aesthetics, architecture, and structural analysis.

Iziko South African National Gallery
The Iziko South African National Gallery is the national art gallery of South Africa located in Cape Town. It became part of the Iziko collection of museums – as managed by the Department of Arts and Culture – in 2001. It then became an agency of the Department of Arts and Culture. Its collection consists largely of Dutch, French and British works from the 17th to the 19th century. This includes lithographs, etchings and some early 20th-century British paintings. Contemporary art work displayed in the gallery is selected from many of South Africa's communities and the gallery houses an authoritative collection of sculpture and beadwork.
VL8
The VL8 (Russian: ВЛ8)is an electric two-unit mainline DC freight locomotive used in the Soviet Union, still operated today by the state-owned Russian rail company RZhD and Ukrainian Railways. The initials VL are those of Vladimir Lenin (Russian: Владимир Ленин), after whom the class is named.

Russian Railways
Russian Railways (Russian: ОАО «Российские железные дороги», romanized: OAO «Rossijskije železnyje dorogi») or RZD (ОАО «РЖД») is a Russian fully state-owned vertically integrated railway company, both managing infrastructure and operating freight and passenger train services and has a near-monopoly on long-distance train travel in Russia.

The company was established on 18 September 2003, when a decree was passed to separate the upkeep and operation of the railways from the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, which in turn was the successor of the USSR Ministry of Railways. RZhD is based in Moscow at Novaya Basmannaya str., 2. The operating units of the central part of the staff are at Kalanchevskaya str., 35.

Railways in Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine are controlled by Crimea Railway and Novorossiya Railway, both companies being independent from RZD. As of 2026, the company is reported to be in heavy debs of $45 Billion (4 trillion rubles).