hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops
The Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops (German: Kaiserlich-königliche Gebirgstruppe) were founded in 1906 as part of the Austrian Landwehr, the territorial army of the Cisleithanian half of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. As a result, the abbreviation "k.k." (for kaiserlich österreichisch, königlich böhmisch or "Imperial Austrian, Royal Bohemian") was used and not "k.u.k." ("Imperial and Royal") which would have implied a connexion  with the Hungarian half of the Empire.

Proposed in a memorandum by Conrad von Hötzendorf, in February 1906 the War Ministry in Vienna convened a session on Alpine border security. Field Marshal Tunk, agreed with him and put forward a concept, the fundamentals of which were then carried out.

The existing state rifle regiments were to be trained as mountain troops and, together with the Landsturm border patrol companies and gendarmerie departments were to form the backbone of a territorial defence force with local knowledge on the border of Tyrol.

Landsturm
In various European countries, the term Landstorm (German: Landsturm, Swedish and Dutch: landstorm, roughly "land assault", lit. 'land-storm') was historically used to refer to militia or military units composed of conscripts who were not in the regular army. It is particularly associated with Prussia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Sweden, and the Netherlands.
Hard Rock Bottom
Hard Rock Bottom is the sixth studio album by punk rock band No Use for a Name, released on June 16, 2002. The band recorded the album with producer Ryan Greene, in January 2002. Song number nine, "This Is a Rebel Song", features Karina Denike from Dance Hall Crashers. A video for "Dumb Reminders" was released and features the band running from angry fans. "Any Number Can Play" features a quote from the 1997 independent short horror film Coven.

Ryan Greene
Ryan Greene is an American record producer, sound engineer, former owner of Crush Recording Studios in Scottsdale, Arizona and founder of Area 52 Entertainment in Los Angeles, California. He has worked with many artists including Jay-Z, Lita Ford, Tonic, Mr. Big, Wilson Phillips, Megadeth, NOFX, Alice Cooper, Cheap Trick, Usher, Patti LaBelle, Dishwalla and Gladys Knight. He has worked on over 250 musical projects and has been described as an "A-list producer".
Lamkopf
The Lamkopf (also Lammkopf) is a mountain, 2,846 m (AA), in the Hochkönig massif within the Berchtesgaden Alps. It lies in the Zell am See in the Austrian state of Salzburg.

The peak can be climbed from the north the crossing between the Hochkönig and the Hochseiler or Übergossene Alm (climbing grade easy).

The first summit cross was erected in 1960, but destroyed by lightning in 2011. In 2013 a new summit cross was erected.

Summit cross
A summit cross is a Christian cross on the summit of a mountain or hill that marks the top. Often there will be a summit register (Gipfelbuch) at the cross, either in a container or other weatherproof case.

The practice originated in the German Alps, where it is known as a German: Gipfelkreuz. Various other forms of marking or symbol such as cairns, prayer flags or ovoos may be found around the world on passes and hills, especially sacred mountains. In the Italian Alps and other places, a Madonna is sometimes placed at the summit instead of a cross.
Tom Blankenburg
Thomas Jean William Blankenburg (September 2, 1909 – March 29, 1979) was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States as an 18-year-old at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.  Blankenburg advanced to the semifinals of the men's 200-meter breaststroke and placed ninth overall in the final standings.

Blankenburg later attended the University of Oregon.  He qualified as a member of the U.S. swimming team for the 1932 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified as a "professional" when it was disclosed that he had worked as lifeguard.

Swimming at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre breaststroke
The men's 200 metre breaststroke was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1928 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event, which was established in 1908. The competition was held from Monday to Wednesday, 6 to 8 August 1928.

Twenty-one swimmers from 13 nations competed.

Coming into the event, Erich Rademacher from Germany was heavy favorite, as he had held the world record for several years despite not being able to compete at the 1920 and 1924 Olympics due to Germany's role in WWI. However, Yoshiyuki Tsuruta pulled off an upset by beating Rademacher with a new technique of staying underwater for most of the race, which was allowed in the rules at the time.

Despite this, Rademacher's disappointment was short lived, as he later won gold as the goalkeeper for the German water polo team in the men's water polo.
Jasper County Community Unit School District 1
Jasper County Community Unit School District 1 is a unified school district based in Jasper County's county seat of Newton, Illinois. It is the only school district in the county and the main educational body in Jasper County, although it serves portions of Effingham County and Cumberland County as well.

Cumberland County, Illinois
Cumberland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,450. Its county seat is Toledo.

Cumberland County is part of the Charleston–Mattoon, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Yanal Abaza
Yanal Abaza (Arabic: ينال أباظة) (born 1 May 1976) is a retired Syrian footballer who played as a defender.

He represented the Syria national team between 2000 and 2002, earning 12 caps.  He made four appearances in the 2002 West Asian Championship that was hosted in Syria. As well as having three separate spells with Syrian Premier League club Al-Wahda, Abaza played in the Jordan League for Al-Wahdat and the Syrian First Division for Al-Nidhal. Yanal is an ethnic Circassian. He retired in August 2010.

Al-Wehdat SC
Al-Wehdat Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الوحدات الرياضي) is a Jordanian sports club founded in 1956. Its football team competes in the Jordanian Pro League, the top flight of Jordanian football.

The club is based in and represents the Palestinian refugee camp Al-Wehdat in Amman. The football team's home games are played at King Abdullah II Stadium (cap. 13,265).
Progress M-63
Progress M-63 (Russian: Прогресс М-63), identified by NASA as Progress 28P, was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the International Space Station. It was a Progress-M 11F615A55 spacecraft, with the serial number 363.

Serial number
A serial number (SN) is a unique identifier used to uniquely identify an item, and is usually assigned incrementally or sequentially.

Despite being called serial "numbers", they do not need to be strictly numerical and may contain letters and other typographical symbols, or may consist entirely of a character string.
Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction
The Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) reaction is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry of stabilized phosphonate carbanions with aldehydes (or ketones) to produce predominantly E-alkenes.

In 1958, Leopold Horner published a modified Wittig reaction using phosphonate-stabilized carbanions. William S. Wadsworth and William D. Emmons further defined the reaction.

In contrast to phosphonium ylides used in the Wittig reaction, phosphonate-stabilized carbanions are more nucleophilic but less basic. Likewise, phosphonate-stabilized carbanions can be alkylated. Unlike phosphonium ylides, the dialkylphosphate salt byproduct is easily removed by aqueous extraction.

Several reviews have been published.

Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ˈældɪhaɪd/) (lat. alcohol dehydrogenatum, dehydrogenated alcohol) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are a common motif in many chemicals important in technology and biology.
2014–15 Cal State Bakersfield Roadrunners men's basketball team
The 2014–15 Cal State Bakersfield Roadrunners men's basketball team represented California State University, Bakersfield during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Roadrunners were led by fourth year head coach Rod Barnes and played their home games at the Icardo Center. The Roadrunners competed as member of the Western Athletic Conference. They finished the season 14–19, 7–7 in WAC play to finish in a tie for fourth place. They advanced to the semifinals of the WAC tournament where they lost to New Mexico State.

2015 WAC men's basketball tournament
The 2015 WAC men's basketball tournament was a postseason men's basketball tournament for the Western Athletic Conference, held from March 12–14, 2015 at the Orleans Arena in Paradise, Nevada. The tournament was won by New Mexico State, who defeated Seattle in the final.
John Sparks (Nevada politician)
John Sparks (August 30, 1843 – May 22, 1908), nicknamed Honest John, was an American politician who was the 10th Governor of Nevada. Like his predecessor, Reinhold Sadler, Sparks was a cattleman and his rise to political power was evidence of the decline of the mining industry and the rise of the ranching industry in Nevada. He was a member of the Silver – Democratic Party. In 1958, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.

Hall of Great Westerners
The Hall of Great Westerners was established by the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in 1958. Located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S., the Hall was created to celebrate the contributions of more than 200 men and women of the American West. Inductees include explorers, Native American leaders, writers, poets, politicians, statesmen and others.
HMS Pigeon
Several vessels of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Pigeon.

HMS Pigeon (1805) was the ex-mercantile Fanny, purchased in May 1805 and fitted and armed as a dispatch cutter. She was wrecked three quarters of a mile from the town of Rysum in East Friesland in November 1805 through the inexperience of her pilot.

HMS Pigeon (1806) was a Cuckoo-class schooner launched in 1806 and wrecked off Margate in 1809.

Pigeon: See HMS Variable (1827).

HMS Pigeon (1854) was the mercantile wood paddle tender Brothers purchased at Constantinople in 1854 and sold there in 1856.

HMS Pigeon (1860) was a wood screw Britomart-class gunboat built in 1860 and broken up in 1876.

HMS Pigeon (1888) was a composite screw gunboat built in 1888 and sold in 1906.

HMS Pigeon (1916) was an Admiralty M-class destroyer built in 1916 and sold in 1921.

HMS Pigeon (1806)
HMS Pigeon (or Pidgeon) was a Royal Navy Cuckoo-class schooner. Custance & Stone built and launched her at Great Yarmouth in 1806. Like many of her class and the related Ballahoo-class schooners, she succumbed to the perils of the sea relatively early in her career.
Yamamoto, Akita
Yamamoto (山本町, Yamamoto-machi) was a town located in Yamamoto District, Akita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,042 and a density of 82.04 persons per km2. The total area is 98.02 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Yamamoto, along with the towns of Koto'oka and Hachiryū (all from Yamamoto District), was merged to create the town of Mitane.

Akita Prefecture
Akita Prefecture (秋田県, Akita-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Its population is estimated 915,691 as of 1 August 2023 and its geographic area is 11,637 km2 (4,493 sq mi). Akita Prefecture is bordered by Aomori Prefecture to the north, Iwate Prefecture to the east, Miyagi Prefecture to the southeast, and Yamagata Prefecture to the south.

Akita is the capital and largest city of Akita Prefecture.  Other major cities include Yokote, Daisen, and Yurihonjō. Akita Prefecture is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan and extends east to the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, at the border with Iwate Prefecture. Akita Prefecture formed the northern half of the historic Dewa Province with Yamagata Prefecture.
Ophichthus manilensis
Ophichthus manilensis is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Albert William Herre in 1923. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the Philippines, in the western central Pacific Ocean.

Albert William Herre
Albert William Christian Theodore Herre (September 16, 1868 – January 16, 1962) was an American ichthyologist and lichenologist. Herre was born in 1868 in Toledo, Ohio. He was an alumnus of Stanford University, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in botany in 1903. Herre also received a master's degree and a Ph.D. from Stanford, both in ichthyology. He died in Santa Cruz, California in 1962.
Motion to quash
A motion to quash is a request to a court or other tribunal to render a previous decision or proceeding null or invalid. The exact usage of motions to quash depends on the rules of the particular court or tribunal.

In some cases, motions to quash are requests to nullify a decision made by the same or a lower court. It can arise out of mistakes made by any lawyer or court officer. A lawyer may file a motion to quash if a mistake has been made on the part of a court, or if an attorney believes that  some court document such as a subpoena was not issued or delivered following the required procedure. For example, a party that receives improper service of process may file a motion to quash.

In the context of a court hearing an appeal, depending on the rules of the court, a motion to quash the appeal may be made on the basis that the court has no jurisdiction.

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
WAFU Zone A U-20 Championship
The WAFU Zone A U-20 Championship is an association football tournament that is contested between competition contested by national teams of Zone A of the West African Football Union. The current champions are Gambia.

West African Football Union
The West African Football Union (French: Union des Fédérations Ouest-Africaines de Football; Portuguese: União das Federações Oeste Africanas), officially abbreviated as WAFU-UFOA and WAFU,  is a sports governing body representing the football associations in West Africa that was founded in 1975 and is a subregional body of the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

It mainly organizes qualifying tournaments/championships for the CAF Women's Champions League and CAF's national team competitions except the Africa Cup of Nations, but also organizes its own competitions, like the currently-inactive WAFU Nations Cup.
Wake Up! (Pope Francis album)
Wake Up! Music Album with His Words and Prayers is a progressive rock album by Pope Francis released on 27 November 2015 on Believe Digital. The album is formed of speeches by Pope Francis recorded in numerous locations worldwide between 2013 and 2015 with accompanying music tracks of prayers and hymns by various Italian artists and producers.

Le Orme
Le Orme (Italian: "The Footprints") is an Italian progressive rock band formed in 1966 in Marghera, a frazione of Venice. The band was one of the major groups of the Italian progressive rock scene in the 1970s. They are one of few Italian rock bands to have success outside their own country, having played concerts across North America and Europe, and releasing an album in English at the height of their success.
Russula amoenolens
Russula amoenolens, also known by its common name camembert brittlegill, is a member of the genus Russula. The species has a greyish-brown cap, with clear scoring along the edge. While inedible, the mushroom is known for its distinctive smell like camembert cheese. The mushroom often appears under oak trees from summer to autumn.

Camembert
Camembert (/ˈkæməmbɛər/ KAM-əm-bair, UK also /-mɒm-/ -⁠om-, French: [kamɑ̃bɛʁ] ⓘ) is a moist, soft, creamy, surface-ripened cow's milk cheese. It was first made in the late 18th century in Camembert, Normandy, in northwest France. It is sometimes compared in look, taste and texture to brie cheese, albeit with a slightly lower butterfat content than brie's typical 20% – 25% by weight.
Dmytro Chyhrynskyi
Dmytro Anatoliiovych Chyhrynskyi (Ukrainian: Дмитро Анатолійович Чигринський; born 7 November 1986) is a Ukrainian former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

He spent most of his professional career, from 2002 to 2015, in two spells with Shakhtar Donetsk. He won honours at the club including five Ukrainian Premier League titles, as many Ukrainian Cups, and the UEFA Cup in 2009. He spent the 2009–10 season with Barcelona in Spain, joining for €25 million, playing rarely and returning to Shakhtar for €15 million.

Chyhrynskyi represented the Ukraine national team from 2007 to 2011, making 29 appearances. He was in the nation's squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, but did not play due to injury.

Ukrainian Super Cup
The Ukrainian Super Cup (Ukrainian: Суперкубок України) is an association football game of the Ukrainian Premier League in traditional super cup format that acts as the grand-opening for every new football competition season in Ukraine. Originally it was set as a contest between the winners of the previous season's Ukrainian Championship and Ukrainian Cup. From 2008 through 2014, it was branded as the Inter Super Cup of Ukraine, in 2017 – Super Cup Fokstrot.

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the competition is currently suspended.
Baldinger
Baldinger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brian Baldinger (born 1960), American football player

Dirk Baldinger (born 1971), German racing cyclist

Ernst Gottfried Baldinger (1738–1804), German physician

Gary Baldinger (born 1963), American football player

Kurt Baldinger (1919–2007), Swiss linguist and philologist

Rich Baldinger (born 1959), American football player

Rich Baldinger
Richard L. Baldinger (born December 31, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman for 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily for the Kansas City Chiefs. He played college football for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons. Since retiring as a player, Baldinger has served as a color commentator for CBS from 2004 to 2006 and the Big Ten Network in 2007.

His younger brother Gary Baldinger was his teammate with the Chiefs and also played at Wake Forest. His other brother Brian Baldinger also played in the NFL and was a commentator for Fox.

Like his brothers, he graduated from Massapequa High School.
APHA color
APHA color, also referred to as the Hazen scale, and more appropriately as the Platinum Cobalt(Pt/Co) scale, is a color standard named for the American Public Health Association and defined by ASTM D1209. It was originally intended to describe the color of waste water, but its usage has expanded to include other industrial applications. APHA color is a color scale sometimes referred to as a "yellowness index" that is used to assess the quality of liquids that are clear to yellowish in color.

It is similar to the Hazen color test, to which it is sometimes incorrectly referred. The Hazen color test uses a Pt/Co solution and was developed for water treatment facilities where the Color of water could be used as a measure of concentration of dissolved and particulate material. Slight discoloration is measured in Hazen units (HU). Impurities can be deeply colored as well, for instance dissolved organic compounds called tannins can result in dark brown colors.

American Public Health Association
The American Public Health Association (APHA) is a Washington, D.C.–based professional membership and advocacy organization for public health professionals in the United States. APHA is the largest professional organization of public health professionals in the United States and hosts the largest gathering of public health professionals in the world at their annual meeting and exhibition.  The organization focuses on a wide range of public health issues with programming related to academics, policy, capacity building, and advocacy.
Congo Ligue 1
Congo Ligue 1 is the top division of the Congolese Football Federation, in the Republic of the Congo. It was created in 1961. The official name is Championnat National MTN for sponsorship reasons.

Between 1961 and 1977 the championship was decided in a 3-team tournament between the regional champions of Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Niari. From 1978 to 1993, a nationwide league with 10 to 14 teams was played. From 1994 to 2008, the FECOFOOT reverted to a national play-off after the regional tournaments, with additional entries for the stronger leagues (Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire). In 2009, a nationwide league was reformed with 18 teams.

Brazzaville
Brazzaville (French pronunciation: [bʁazavil]) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo. Administratively, it is a department and a commune. Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo).

The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 2.1 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace. Some 40% are employed in non-agricultural professions. During World War II, Brazzaville served as the de facto capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942.

In 2013, Brazzaville was designated a City of Music by UNESCO; since then it has also been a member of the Creative Cities Network.
Iron ring (laboratory)
An iron ring or ring clamp is an item of laboratory equipment which comprises a conjoined metal ring and radially-extending rod. In some cases, the rod terminates in a screw clamp for attachment to a retort stand or other support; in others, the rod may be attached to a stand by means of a laboratory clamp holder. Iron rings are commonly used in chemistry laboratories for supporting apparatus above the work surface, for example:

a tapered item such as a filter funnel or separatory funnel.

a clay triangle, which itself supports an item such as a crucible.

a wire gauze, which itself supports a flat-bottomed beaker or conical flask.

a large, and therefore heavy, round-bottom flask.

In some cases, a slot is cut in the side of the ring opposite the rod. This is to allow a funnel to be placed upon and removed from the ring from the side rather than from above, a safer procedure.

Beaker (laboratory equipment)
In laboratory equipment, a beaker is generally a cylindrical container with a flat bottom. Most also have a small spout (or "beak") to aid pouring, as shown in the picture. Beakers are available in a wide range of sizes, from one milliliter up to several liters. A beaker is distinguished from a flask by having straight rather than sloping sides. The exception to this definition is a slightly conical-sided beaker called a Philips beaker.  The beaker shape in general drinkware is similar.

Beakers are commonly made of glass (today usually borosilicate glass), but can also be in metal (such as stainless steel or aluminum) or certain plastics (notably polythene, polypropylene, PTFE). A common use for polypropylene beakers is gamma spectral analysis of liquid and solid samples.