hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fast fracture
In structural engineering and material science, fast fracture is a phenomenon in which a flaw (such as a crack) in a material expands quickly, and leads to catastrophic failure of the material. It proceeds in high speed and requires a relatively small amount of accumulated strain energy, making it a dangerous failure mode.

Strain energy
In physics, the elastic potential energy gained by a wire during elongation with a tensile (stretching) or compressive (contractile) force is called strain energy.  For linearly elastic materials, strain energy is:

where σ is stress, ε is strain, V is volume, and E is Young's modulus:
NGC 6394
NGC 6394 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is designated as SBb in the galaxy morphological classification scheme and was discovered by the American astronomer Lewis A. Swift on 7 July 1885.

Galaxy morphological classification
Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance. There are several schemes in use by which galaxies can be classified according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubble sequence, devised by Edwin Hubble and later expanded by Gérard de Vaucouleurs and Allan Sandage. However, galaxy classification and morphology are now largely done using computational methods and physical morphology.
Lahore Literary Festival
The Lahore Literary Festival (LLF) is an international literary festival held annually in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The festival is considered to be one of South Asia's premier cultural events.

The UNESCO Creative Cities Network added Lahore to its number in 2019, less than a year after the head of the UNESCO City of Literature Heidelberg highlighted Lahore’s suitability for the program at the Lahore Literary Festival.

LLF 2015 drew over 75,000 visitors to the halls and grounds of Alhamra Arts Centre to hear various Punjabi, Pakistani and international speakers including Romila Thapar, Abdullah Hussein, Ayesha Jalal, Asma Jahangir, Eve Ensler, Roger Cohen, Mohsin Hamid, Laurent Gayer, Rahul Singh, Hameed Haroon, Yasmine El Rashidi, Naseeruddin Shah, Joe Sacco, Romesh Gunesekera, Ziauddin Sardar, Osman Samiuddin, Mushtaq Soofi, and Aminatta Forna.

Yasmine El Rashidi
Yasmine El Rashidi (Arabic: ياسمين الرشيدي; born 1977) is an Egyptian author. She is the author of The Battle for Egypt: Dispatches from the Revolution and Chronicle of a Last Summer: A Novel of Egypt, a coming-of-age novel set in 1984 in Cairo that was long-listed for the 2017 PEN Open Book Award. She is a regular contributor to The New York Review of Books, and a contributing editor to the Middle East arts and culture quarterly Bidoun. She is a contributing opinion writer for The New York Times.
Marie Trainer
Marie Elaine Trainer (April 9, 1946–October 31, 2024), was the mayor of Haldimand County, Ontario, Canada from 1991 to 2000 and from 2003 to 2010, after having been defeated on October, 25th 2010 by Ken Hewitt. Hewitt finished with 6,984 votes, Trainer 5,748 and third-place finisher Buck Sloat with 2,929 in unofficial final results. She took office after defeating the incumbent, Lorraine Bergstrand in the 2003 Ontario municipal elections. The residents of Haldimand County re-elected Marie Trainer as mayor in the 2006 Ontario municipal elections. Trainer received national attention after making controversial comments while being interviewed by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation during the Caledonia land dispute.

Cayuga, Ontario
Cayuga (/keɪˈjuːɡə/ kay-YOO-gə) is an unincorporated community and county seat of Haldimand County, Ontario, Canada located at the intersection of Highway 3 and Munsee Street and along the Grand River. Cayuga is about a 20-minute drive from Lake Erie and 30 minutes south of Hamilton and 115 minutes south of Toronto and consequently it has some cottages and recreational properties in the area.  In the past, there was some light industry.  It has the local district detachment for the Ontario Provincial Police. It is also uniquely located among larger communities on both the American and Canadian sides of the border boasting television reception from Toronto, Buffalo, New York, Hamilton, Kitchener and Erie, Pennsylvania.
Belvès
Belvès (French pronunciation: [bɛlvɛs]; Languedocien: Belvés) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in southwestern France. In 1973 it absorbed the former commune Fongalop. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Pays-de-Belvès.

It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France. The nearest city is Sarlat-la-Canéda.

Sarlat-la-Canéda
Sarlat-la-Canéda (French pronunciation: [saʁla la kaneda] ⓘ; Occitan: Sarlat e La Canedat), commonly known as Sarlat, is a commune in the southwestern French department of Dordogne, a part of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Sarlat and La Canéda were distinct towns until merged into one commune in March 1965.
Christian of Nassau-Siegen
Count Christian of Nassau-Siegen (16 July 1616 – 1/11 April 1644), German: Christian Graf von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: Graf zu Nassau, Katzenelnbogen, Vianden und Diez, Herr zu Beilstein, was a count from the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau. He served as an officer in the Hessian Army and the Imperial Army successively.

Officer
An officer is a person who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization. The term derives from Old French oficier "officer, official" (early 14c., Modern French officier), from Medieval Latin officiarius "an officer," from Latin officium "a service, a duty" the late Latin from officiarius, meaning "official."
Luiza Fullana
Luiza Fullana (born 9 April 2001) is a Brazilian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 461, achieved on 18 August 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 458, reached on 20 October 2025. She plays mostly on ITF Women's Tour, where she has won five titles in singles and one in doubles.

Fullana represents Brazilian team at the Billie Jean King Cup.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
2025 Heilbronner Neckarcup
The 2025 Neckarcup 2.0 was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 11th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bad Rappenau, Heilbronn district, Germany between 2 and 8 June 2025.

Bad Rappenau
Bad Rappenau (German: [baːt ˈʁapənaʊ] ⓘ; South Franconian: Rappene) is a city municipality in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is situated about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Heilbronn.
Constantine Phaulkon
Constantine Phaulkon (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος Γεράκης, Konstantinos Gerakis; γεράκι is the Greek word for "falcon"; also known as Costantin Gerachi, Capitão Falcão in Portuguese and simply as Monsieur Constance in French; 1647 – 5 June 1688) was a Greek adventurer who became chief minister to King Narai of the Ayutthaya Kingdom and assumed the Siamese noble title Chao Phraya Wichayen (Thai: เจ้าพระยาวิไชเยนทร์).: 59, 64

Myeik, Myanmar
Myeik (Burmese: မြိတ်; MLCTS: mrit, pronounced [mjeɪʔ] or [beɪʔ]; Mon: ဗိက်, [pòik]; Thai: มะริด, RTGS: Marit, [má(ʔ).rít]; formerly Mergui, /mɜːrˈɡwiː/) is a rural city in Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar, located in the extreme south of the country on the coast of the Andaman Sea. As of 2010, the estimated population was over 209,000. Myeik is the largest city in Tanintharyi Region, and serves as the  regional headquarters of the Myanmar Navy's Tanintharyi Regional Command. The area inland from the city is a major smuggling corridor into Thailand. The Singkhon Pass, also known as the Maw-daung Pass, has an international cross-border checkpoint.
Avenged Sevenfold Tour
The Avenged Sevenfold Tour was a concert tour by American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold between 2007 and 2009, promoting their album Avenged Sevenfold. It was the band's last tour with longtime drummer Jimmy "The Rev" Sullivan, who died on December 28, 2009. The tour began on October 29, 2007, with a North American leg, shortly after the band finished its previous tour in support of City of Evil. The tour ended on August 2, 2009, at the Sonisphere Festival in Knebworth, England.

Sonisphere Festival
The Sonisphere Festival was a touring rock music festival which took place across Europe between the months of June and August. The festival was owned by John Jackson and Kilimanjaro Live. It was jointly promoted by K2 and Kilimanjaro Live. It hosted heavy metal bands such as Iron Maiden, Metallica, Mötley Crüe, Slayer, Judas Priest, Megadeth, Avenged Sevenfold and Babymetal (the latter group would make their UK debut at the 2014 event).

The festival has not taken place in the UK since 2014. Stuart Galbraith, chief executive officer of Kilimanjaro Live, revealed in 2018 that Sonisphere will not return to the UK, due to financial issues.
Tartu Veterinary Institute
Tartu Veterinary Institute (Estonian: Tartu Veterinaariainstituut, German: Kaiserliche Veterinair-Institut zu Dorpat) was an institute which provided a university level education in veterinary medicine. It was located in Tartu, Estonia. The institute was established in 1848 and was, therefore, the oldest veterinary school in Imperial Russia.

The Institute's first director was Hans Peter Boje Jessen.

Studies at the Institute were divided into two levels. The higher level graduated full-fledged veterinarians. The lower level produced veterinary assistants. In 1852, the lower level was discontinued.

In 1918 the Institute became part of Tartu University.

Paraveterinary worker
A paraveterinarian is a professional of veterinary medicine who performs procedures autonomously or semi-autonomously, as part of a veterinary assistance system. The job role varies throughout the world, and common titles include veterinary nurse, veterinary technician, and veterinary assistant, and variants with the prefix of "animal health".

The scope of practice varies between countries, with some allowing suitably qualified paraveterinarian scope of autonomous practice, including minor surgery, whilst others restricting their workers as assistants to other professionals.
Regli
Regli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Laura Gore (1918–1957; born Laura Emilia Regli), Italian actress

Francesco Regli (1802–1866), Italian writer

Luca Regli (born 1962), Swiss neurosurgeon

Laura Gore
Laura Gore (born Laura Emilia Regli; 30 September 1918 – 27 March 1957) was an Italian actress and voice actress. She appeared in 39 films between 1945 and 1955.

While studying accounting, in 1940 she won the eighth edition of the amateur song contest "L'ora del dilettante" organized by EIAR at the Teatro Carlo Felice in Genoa. After that win, Gore immediately started a successful career first as a music hall artist, later as an actress of cinema, radio and theatre. For two consecutive seasons (1949–50 and 1950–51) she was a member of the stage company of Eduardo De Filippo. She was also active as a dubber in the dubbing company ORI.

Gore died of a heart attack at 38 years old. She was married to army officer Agostino Golzi.
Northwest Passage expedition of 1741
The Royal Society and the Royal Navy worked together to commission the Northwest Passage expedition of 1741.

The commander of the expedition, Christopher Middleton, had been a captain of ships of the Hudson's Bay Company, sailing on these ships that made annual voyages to supply the company's outposts, since 1721.  He had a scientific mind, and had published observations that earned him election the Royal Society, in 1737.  He commanded HMS Furnace, while his cousin and protege, William Moor, also formerly a captain of Hudson's Bay Company ships, commanded HMS Discovery.

Arthur Dobbs, a member of the Irish House of Commons played an influential role in organizing the expedition.

HMS Discovery (1741)
HMS Discovery was a small ship, commissioned in 1741. She was commanded by Lieutenant William Moor as she accompanied the larger HMS Furnace, commanded by his cousin, Christopher Middleton, on an expedition to Hudson's Bay, to search for the Northwest Passage.

Like many other vessels the Royal Navy used for exploration, Discovery was a converted collier. She displaced 150 tons.
Robert Thorne (typographer)
Robert Thorne (1754 – 11 March 1820) was a British type founder and typographer. An apprentice to Thomas Cottrell, who had been an employee of William Caslon, Thorne later acquired Cottrell's type foundry. He was successful in business and left a fortune of £25,000 on his death in 1820. Thorne is buried at Holloway Road Cemetery, where his tomb is extant.

James Mosley
James Mosley (18 April 1935 – 25 August 2025) was a British librarian, preservationist and historian specialising in the history of printing, type and lettering.

Mosley was from 1958 to 2000 Librarian of the St Bride Printing Library in the City of London, where he curated and worked to expand the museum's large collection of printing and lettering materials and books. This collection greatly expanded with the close of the metal type era, which saw many companies and printing shops supply St Bride's with their equipment and archives. He became a visiting lecturer and professor at the University of Reading in 1964, and was a founding member of the British Printing Historical Society in that year, as well as the first editor of its journal. Mosley received the Individual Award of the American Printing History Association in 2003 and the Gold Medal of the Bibliographical Society in 2017.
Gen13/Monkeyman and O'Brien
Gen13/Monkeyman and O'Brien is a two-issue comic book miniseries published by Image Comics in 1998. It serves as a crossover between Art Adams's creator-owned Monkeyman and O'Brien and WildStorm's Gen13. The story is an homage to the well-known Star Trek episode "Mirror, Mirror" utilising characters from the two comics series in the title.

Mirror, Mirror (Star Trek: The Original Series)
"Mirror, Mirror" is the fourth episode of the second season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek.  Written by Jerome Bixby and directed by Marc Daniels, it was first broadcast on October 6, 1967.

The episode involves a transporter malfunction that swaps Captain Kirk and his companions with their evil counterparts from a parallel universe (later dubbed the "Mirror Universe").

"Mirror, Mirror" is one of the most celebrated episodes of the original Star Trek series, and the Mirror Universe was revisited in episodes of later Star Trek series.
Shi Yuhao
Shi Yuhao (born 26 September 1998) is a Chinese male track and field athlete who competes in the long jump.

Shi set an Asian junior record of 8.30 m (27 ft 2+3⁄4 in) at the Chinese junior championships in 2016 and improved upon this by one centimetre one year later. This gained him qualification for the 2017 World Championships in Athletics and on his senior global debut he finished sixth in the final.

Shi established himself among the region's best athletes with a gold medal at the 2018 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships – his winning mark of 8.16 m was a world-lead and nearly half a metre ahead of the opposition.

2017 World Championships in Athletics
The 2017 IAAF World Championships, the sixteenth edition of the IAAF World Championships, were held from 4 to 13 August at London Stadium in London, United Kingdom. London was officially awarded the championships on 11 November 2011.
Pierre-Cyrille Hautcœur
Pierre-Cyrille Hautcœur (born 9 October 1964) is a French economist and Professor at the Paris School of Economics. Hautcoeurs research interests include money, credit and long-run finance. His research was awarded the Best Young French Economist Award in 2003.

Credit
Credit (from Latin creditum, "loan") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party wherein the second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but promises either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date. The resources provided by the first party can be either property, fulfillment of promises, or performances. In other words, credit is a method of making reciprocity formal, legally enforceable, and extensible to a large group of unrelated people.

The resources provided may be financial (e.g. granting a loan), or they may consist of goods or services (e.g. consumer credit). Credit encompasses any form of deferred payment. Credit is extended by a creditor, also known as a lender, to a debtor, also known as a borrower.
William Willoughby Miller
William Willoughby Miller (September 12, 1880 – 1959) was a merchant and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Biggar from 1929 to 1934 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Conservative.

He was born in Brockville, Ontario, the son of Willoughby Miller and Isabella Baker, and was educated in Greenbush. Miller joined his brother in New York City, where he worked in a grocery and butcher business for three years. In 1906, he married Lillian Powell. Miller farmed in Leeds County for six years and then, in 1910, travelled west to Biggar, Saskatchewan, where he purchased a general store. He later became the local dealer for Chevrolet and McLaughlin automobiles and the owner of a garage. Miller served on the Biggar city council and the local school board. He was defeated by Robert Pelham Hassard when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1934.

Leeds County
Leeds County is a historic county in the Canadian province of Ontario. The county was first surveyed in 1792 as one of the nineteen counties created by Sir John Graves Simcoe in preparation for the United Empire Loyalists to settle here. The county took its name from Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds; the "Leeds" of the Dukedom referred to Leeds in West Yorkshire, England and not for Leeds, Kent, England. In 1850, Leeds County merged with Grenville County to create the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville. This county was home to several townships as well as the city of Brockville.
Ordynsky (inhabited locality)
Ordynsky (Russian: Ордынский; masculine), Ordynskaya (Ордынская; feminine), or Ordynskoye (Ордынское; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Ordynskoye, a work settlement in Ordynsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast

Rural localities

Ordynsky, Irkutsk Oblast, a settlement in Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District of Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug in Irkutsk Oblast

Ordynsky, Krasnodar Krai, a settlement in Kurchansky Rural Okrug of Temryuksky District in Krasnodar Krai; 45°21′N 37°40′E﻿ / ﻿45.350°N 37.667°E﻿ / 45.350; 37.667

Irkutsk Oblast
Irkutsk Oblast (Russian: Ирку́тская о́бласть, romanized: Irkutskaya oblastʹ; Buryat: Эрхүү можо, romanized: Erhüü možo) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in southeastern Siberia in the basins of the Angara, Lena, and Nizhnyaya Tunguska Rivers. The administrative center is the city of Irkutsk. It had a population of 2,370,102 at the 2021 Census.
Madhusudan Bhattacharya
Madhusudan Bhattacharya (born 1950) is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He is a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Memari Assembly constituency in Purba Bardhaman district. He won the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election representing the All India Trinamool Congress party.

West Bengal Legislative Assembly
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata, the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises 294 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
Get the Blessing
Get the Blessing (previously known as the Blessing) are a jazz rock quartet based in Bristol, England. The band formed in 2000 when Jim Barr (bass guitar) and Clive Deamer (drums), who had played with Portishead, joined Jake McMurchie (saxophone) and Pete Judge (trumpet) over their appreciation of Ornette Coleman.

Get the Blessing have released six albums; their debut All Is Yes won best album at the 2008 BBC Jazz Awards. Their album Bristopia was released in 2018.

Portishead (band)
Portishead (/ˌpɔːrtɪsˈhɛd/ PORT-iss-HED) are an English electronic band formed in 1991 in Bristol. The band comprises Beth Gibbons (vocals), Geoff Barrow (multiple instruments, production), and Adrian Utley (guitar). Dave McDonald, an audio engineer who helped produce their first two albums, is sometimes regarded as the fourth member.

Portishead's debut album, Dummy (1994), fused hip-hop production with an atmospheric style reminiscent of spy film soundtracks and yearning vocals from Gibbons. It was met with critical acclaim and commercial success, becoming a landmark album in the emerging trip-hop genre. However, the band disliked being associated with the term. Their two other studio albums, Portishead (1997) and Third (2008), received similar acclaim. Portishead have also released the live album Roseland NYC Live (1998).
Morris Grant
Morris Grant (May 11, 1845 – May 23, 1915), was an African American boxer who claimed the status of being the World Colored Heavyweight Champ and was the second boxer recognized as such. He likely was born into slavery in South Carolina, either on James Island or in an area of Charlestown at the site of the now-defunct town of St. James.

World Colored Heavyweight Championship
The World Colored Heavyweight Championship was a title awarded to black boxers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This was the only recognized heavyweight championship available to black boxers prior to Jack Johnson winning the world heavyweight title in 1908. The title continued to exist until the reign of Joe Louis as universally recognized champ, as the color bar against black heavyweights was enforced during and for a generation after Jack Johnson's reign as world champ.
Betsileo people
The Betsileo are a highland ethnic group of Madagascar, the third largest in terms of population. They derive their name, meaning "The Many Invincible Ones", from King Besilau who repelled an invasion by the Sakalava-Menabe kingdom in the 1670s.

Menabe
Menabe is a region in western Madagascar, with its capital at Morondava. It covers an area of 46,121 square kilometres (17,807 square miles), and its population was 700,577 in 2018. The population mostly belongs to the Sakalava ethnic group. The region is named after the 18th-century Sakalava Kingdom of Menabe (16th–18th centuries). The name "Menabe", in turn, means "big red", after the color of laterite rock that dominates the landscape.
Megagametogenesis
Megagametogenesis is the process of maturation of the female gametophyte, or megagametophyte, in plants. During the process of megagametogenesis, the megaspore, which arises from megasporogenesis, develops into the embryonic sac, in which the female gamete is housed. These megaspores then develop into the haploid female gametophytes. This occurs within the ovule, which is housed inside the ovary.

Embryonic sac
A megaspore mother cell, or megasporocyte, is a diploid cell in plants in which meiosis will occur, resulting in the production of four haploid megaspores. At least one of the spores develop into haploid female gametophytes, the megagametophytes. The megaspore mother cell arises within the megasporangium tissue.

In flowering plants the megasporangium  is also called the nucellus, and the female gametophyte is sometimes called the embryo sac or embryonic sac.