hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kartvelian studies
The Kartvelian studies (Georgian: ქართველოლოგია) also referred as Kartvelology or Georgian studies  is a field of humanities covering the history, languages, religion and/or culture of Georgia and the Georgian people.

In a narrower sense, the term usually refers to the research activities conducted on these problems outside Georgia.

Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)
Freedom of religions in Georgia is provided for by the country's constitution, laws, and policies.  In practice, the Georgian government generally respects religious freedom; however, the Georgian Orthodox Church enjoys a privileged status in terms of legal and tax matters, involvement in public schools, and property disputes.  There have been efforts by private citizens, local government officials, and local Georgian Orthodox Church leaders to harass and persecute members of minority religious groups and interfere with their worship activities; despite calls for tolerance and respect for pluralism by government leaders, the Georgian central government has not been successful in preventing such incidents.

In 2023, the country was scored 2 out of 4 for religious freedom. It was noted that religious minorities have reported discrimination and that members of the clergy have been surveilled by the State Security Service.
Egypt at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Egypt, represented by the Egyptian Olympic Committee, competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece from 13 to 29 August 2004. 97 competitors, 81 men and 16 women, took part in 48 events in 17 sports. Egypt's anthem, Bilady, Bilady, Bilady ("My Homeland, My Homeland, My Homeland") was played when Egypt won a gold medal.

Overall, Egyptian competitors won five medals, including one gold, one silver and three bronze, at the Athens Olympics.

Egyptian Olympic Committee
The Egyptian Olympic Committee (Arabic: اللجنة الأولمبية المصرية, abbreviated as EOC) is a non-profit organization serving as the National Olympic Committee of Egypt and a part of the International Olympic Committee.
Protecting American Communities Task Force
The DHS Protecting American Communities Task Force – often abbreviated PACT and commonly referred to as the Protecting American Communities Task Force – is a departmental task force of the Department of Homeland Security. PACT is mandated to officially coordinate riot control and security police operations to protect monuments, memorials, and federal property, monitor civil unrest, protect civilians from rioting or vandalism, or respond to the destruction of federal property by protesters. PACT was formed on July 1, 2020 in the wake of the George Floyd protests under direction of Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf. The task force is also mandated to coordinate its law enforcement efforts with the United States Department of Justice and United States Department of Defense. PACT has attracted significant controversy and criticism from various media outlets for its operations and alleged goals.

United States Secretary of Homeland Security
The United States secretary of homeland security is the head of the United States Department of Homeland Security, the federal department tasked with ensuring public safety in the United States. The secretary is a member of the Cabinet of the United States. The position was created by the Homeland Security Act following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.

The new department consisted primarily of components transferred from other Cabinet departments because of their role in homeland security, such as the Coast Guard, the Federal Protective Service, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (which includes the United States Border Patrol), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (which includes Homeland Security Investigations), the United States Secret Service, the Transportation Security Administration and the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

The current secretary of homeland security since January 25, 2025 is Kristi Noem.
Dhoraji Colony
Dhoraji Colony (Urdu: دھوراجی کالونی ) is a neighbourhood in Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town, Karachi (Karachi East), Sindh, Pakistan, which is located between UC-1 (Civic Center Union Council) and UC-2 (Dehli Mercantile Union Council). The demarcation separating the two Union Councils runs from the National Stadium Road (Coming from National Stadium, Karachi), towards Selani Chowk, past ZVMG Rangoonwala Community Centre via Siraj-ud-Daula road (the area closer to National Stadium Road falls under the Civic Center Union Council).

Dhoraji Colony hosts a predominately Memon Muslim community that has historically played an essential role in the development of Karachi and of Pakistan.

Memon people
The Memon are a Muslim community in Gujarat, India, and Sindh, Pakistan, the majority of whom follow the Hanafi fiqh of Sunni Islam. They are divided into different groups based on their origins: Kathiawari Memons, Kutchi Memons and Bantva Memons from the Kathiawar, Kutch and Bantva regions of Gujarat, respectively, and Sindhi Memons from Sindh.

Memons have cultural similarities with the Khoja, Bohra, and other Gujarati peoples. They speak the Memoni language as their first language, which shares vocabulary with the Sindhi language, Kutchi language and Gujarati languages.

Today Memons are connected through globally recognized organisations such as the World Memon Organisation (WMO) and International Memon Organisation (IMO).
Motilibacter peucedani
Motilibacter peucedani is a Gram-positive, aerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Motilibacter which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil of the plant Peucedanum japonicum from Mara Island in Korea.

Marado
Marado (Korean: 마라도) or Mara Island is an island in Jeju Province, South Korea. It is South Korea's southernmost island, and is 8 km (5.0 mi) off the south coast of Jeju Island.

It has an area of 0.3 km2 (0.12 sq mi) and is home to about 90 people. It has long been reputed for having strong women and docile men. In recent years, tourists have come to see its unusual rock formations. It is accessible from Jeju via ferries and excursion boats.

Mara-do is within the administrative boundaries of Daejeong Township (Daejeong-eup) in Seogwipo City, and is included, along with Gapado, in Gapa-ri, and is South Korea's southernmost point.

Because of its subtropical marine habitat the island is a natural reserve. It was designated as National Monument no. 423 (천연기념물 제423호) on July 18, 2000.
Jobs Peak
Jobs Peak (/dʒoʊbs/; Northern Paiute: Wangikudak) located in Alpine County, California, is the most prominent peak visible from the Carson Valley in Douglas County, Nevada.  The peak offers hiking and backcountry skiing with the view of Lake Tahoe. It is in the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.

The mountain is named for Moses Job who opened a store in nearby Sheridan, Nevada in the early 1850s.

Northern Paiute language
Northern Paiute /ˈpaɪuːt/, endonym Numu or nɨɨmɨ, also known as Paviotso, is a Western Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, which according to Marianne Mithun had around 500 fluent speakers in 1994. It is closely related to the Mono language.
Sonakania Union
Sonakania (Bengali: সোনাকানিয়া) is a Union of Satkania Upazila in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

It has an area of 26.53 km2 and is bounded by Satkania Municipality on the north, Lohagara Upazila on the south, Satkania Union on the east, Madarsha Union on the west.

According to the 2011 Bangladesh Census, Sonakania Union has a population of 23,790.

Lohagara Upazila, Chittagong
Lohagara (Bengali: লোহাগাড়া) is an upazila of Chattogram District in Chattogram Division, Bangladesh. Lohagara is situated between Chattogram and Cox's Bazar. It is one of the largest and most densely populated upazilas of Bangladesh. It has headquarters in Lohagara.
Hemibagrus filamentus
Hemibagrus filamentus is a species of catfish endemic to Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, known only from Mekong River. It is found in still waters and moving waters although it also been found in large rivers. It feeds on  fishes, crustaceans, aquatic insect larvae and plant material. When migrating, it moves into smaller tributaries and in flooded areas with rising water level; they spawn from June to July. It is listed as a junior synonym of H. nemurus and research is often confused with H. nemurus. It is fished for food by small-scale commercial fisheries but exact threats are unknown and nothing else is known about this fish thus the Data Deficient listing.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
The Spanish Dancer
The Spanish Dancer is a 1923 American silent costume epic starring Pola Negri as a gypsy fortune teller, Antonio Moreno as a romantic count, and Wallace Beery as the king of Spain. The film was directed by Herbert Brenon and also features a five-year-old Anne Shirley, appearing under the name "Dawn O'Day."  The film survives today.

The film is essentially the same story as Mary Pickford's Rosita which was filmed around the same time as The Spanish Dancer with Negri's old colleague from Germany Ernst Lubitsch directing. Negri's The Spanish Dancer was considered the better film.

Epic film
Epic films have large scale, sweeping scope, and spectacle. The term is slightly ambiguous, sometimes designating a film genre and at other times simply big-budget films. Like epics in the classical literary sense, it is often focused on a heroic character. An epic's ambitious nature helps to set it apart from other genres such as the period piece or adventure film.

Epic historical films would usually take a historical or a mythical event and add an extravagant setting, lavish costumes, an expansive musical score, and an ensemble cast, which would make them extremely expensive to produce. The most common subjects of epic films are royalty and important figures from various periods in world history.
La Aurora station
La Aurora is a metrocable station on line J of the Medellín Metro. It is located in the northwest corner of Medellín. La Aurora is the terminal station on line J that goes to La Aurora and Suramericana neighborhoods.

Medellín Metro
The Medellín Metro (Spanish: Metro de Medellín) is a rapid transit system that crosses the Metropolitan Area of Medellín from North to South and from Centre to West. It first opened for service on 30 November 1995. As one of the first implementations of modern mass transportation in Colombia and the only metro system in the country, the Medellín Metro is a product of the urban planning of the Antioquia department of Colombia. It is part of the Aburrá Valley Integrated Transport System (Sistema Integrado de Transporte del Valle de Aburrá, SITVA).

The city of Medellín and its urban complex (ten cities in the Aburrá Valley) had a period of relatively recent industrial development that started in the 1930s. The streetcar (tranvía) at the beginning of the 20th century can be considered a predecessor of the current Medellín Metro. The company known in Spanish as Empresa de Transporte Masivo del Valle de Aburrá - Metro de Medellín Ltda was created on 31 May 1979.
Electoral history of Richard Nixon
Richard Nixon served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974. He previously served as the 36th vice president of the United States from 1953 to 1961, and as a United States senator from 1950 to 1953 and United States representative from 1947 to 1950.

Jim Rhodes
James Allen Rhodes (September 13, 1909 – March 4, 2001) was an American attorney and Republican politician who served as the 61st and 63rd Governor of Ohio from 1963 to 1971 and from 1975 to 1983. Rhodes was one of only seven U.S. governors to serve four four-year terms in office.  Rhodes is tied for the sixth-longest gubernatorial tenure in post-Constitutional U.S. history at 5,840 days. He also served as Mayor of Columbus from 1944 to 1952 and Ohio State Auditor from 1953 to 1963.

On May 3, 1970, Rhodes sent National Guard troops onto the Kent State University campus at the request of Kent, Ohio mayor LeRoy Satrom  after the ROTC building was burned down by unknown arsonists the previous night. On May 4, Guardsmen killed four students and wounded nine others.
Iseman
Iseman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Joseph S. Iseman (1916–2006), American lawyer and educator

Madison Iseman (born 1997), American actress

Matt Iseman (born 1971), American comedian, actor, and television host

Vicki Iseman (born 1967), Washington, D.C.–based lobbyist

Joseph S. Iseman
Joseph S. Iseman (May 29, 1916 – April 25, 2006) was an American attorney and educator known for his work with National Television, Children's Television Workshop, also known as Sesame Workshop, and Bennington College (where he stepped in as acting president in 1976), as well as the American University of Paris, where he served for a time as the vice chair. As a lawyer at the firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, Iseman notably managed the estates of composer Cole Porter, writer Vladimir Nabokov, writer Jean Stafford, poet Robert Lowell, writer A. J. Liebling, artist Robert Motherwell, writer and historian Theodore H. White, Saturday Review and its editor Norman Cousins, and playwright Arthur Miller.  He was also the father of New York City businessman Frederick Iseman.
Vermont Railway
The Vermont Railway (reporting mark VTR) is a shortline railroad in Vermont and eastern New York, operating much of the former Rutland Railway. It is the main part of the Vermont Rail System, which also owns the Green Mountain Railroad, the Rutland's branch to Bellows Falls. The trackage is owned by the Vermont Agency of Transportation except in New York, where VTR operates a line owned by the Boston and Maine Corporation. The rail line employs about 150 people in Vermont.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Ryfylke Tunnel
The Ryfylke Tunnel (Norwegian: Ryfylketunnelen) is an undersea road tunnel in Rogaland county, Norway. It is part of the Norwegian National Road 13 running between Stavanger and Ryfylke (district) under the Horgefjord (part of the Boknafjord). The tunnel is part of the Ryfast project. It is 14.4 kilometres (9 mi) long and is currently the world's longest subsea road tunnel, and the deepest tunnel of any kind. Both records are expected to be surpassed by Rogfast, which is projected to open in 2033.

The tunnel is designed for 10,000 vehicles per day and is built with one tube for each traffic-direction, and two vehicular lanes in each tube. The entrance on the Ryfylke side is located about one kilometre (one-half mile) north of Solbakk in Strand municipality (just south of Tau). The entrance on the "city side" is on Hundvåg island in  Stavanger municipality.  Construction began in 2013, and the tunnel opened on 30 December 2019. A half marathon was held in the tunnel on 5 October 2019.

Hundvåg (island)
Hundvåg is an island in Stavanger municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The island is located in the borough of Hundvåg, just north of the centre of the city of Stavanger, separated by the Byfjorden.  The 4.7-square-kilometre (1.8 sq mi) island is relatively flat and very urbanized.  There were 9803 residents of the island in 2014.  There are some agricultural areas as well as a lot of industry.  The small island of Buøy is connected to the south side of Hundvåg by a small man-made isthmus.  Hundvåg Church is located on the island.
Ophiusa triphaenoides
Ophiusa triphaenoides is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from the Indian subregion to China, Taiwan, Thailand, Burma, Sumatra and Borneo. It has also been recorded from Palau.

The larvae feed on Terminalia, Shorea, Syzygium  and Pinus species.

Shorea
Shorea is a genus of about 47 species of mainly rainforest trees in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The timber of trees of the genus is sold under the common names lauan, luan, lawaan, meranti, seraya, balau, bangkirai, and Philippine mahogany.
2020 British Rally Championship
The MSA British Rally Championship is a rallying series run over the course of a year, that comprises six tarmac and gravel surface events. 2020 was to be the 62nd season of the series. The season began in the forests of Wales on 8 February and was due to conclude on 19 September in Southern Scotland.

British Rally Championship
The British Rally Championship (BRC) is a rallying series based in the United Kingdom. The first championship was run in 1958 and it has been licensed by the Motor Sports Association (MSA) since 1999. MSA has opted not to run the series in 2015, instead giving its promotion to its own subsidiary, International Motor Sport (IMS) for 2016. Motorsport UK have promoted the BRC and have done since IMS was absorbed into Motorsport UK in 2019.
The Search for Ancient Rome
The Search for Ancient Rome (French: À la recherche de la Rome antique, lit. 'In Search of Ancient Rome') is a 1989 illustrated monograph on the archaeology and history of the rediscovery of the ancient city of Rome. Written by French historian Claude Moatti, and published by Éditions Gallimard as the 56th volume in the "Découvertes" collection.

Moatti organised a project of research on the history of rediscovery of the ancient city of Rome in the late 1980s, the findings of the project gave birth to this small volume.

Éditions Gallimard
Éditions Gallimard (French: [edisjɔ̃ ɡalimaːʁ]), formerly Éditions de la Nouvelle Revue Française (1911–1919) and Librairie Gallimard (1919–1961), is one of the leading French book publishers. In 2003, it and its subsidiaries published 1,418 titles.

Founded by Gaston Gallimard in 1911, the publisher is now majority-owned by his grandson Antoine Gallimard.

Éditions Gallimard is a subsidiary of Groupe Madrigall, the third largest French publishing group.
Russell Robertson
Russell "Robbo" Robertson (born 24 November 1978) is a former professional Australian rules footballer, who last played for the Melbourne Football Club.

Robertson is one of the Melbourne's great goalkickers, being one of just four players in the club's history to have led the goalkicking in four or more seasons.  Robertson is well known for his ability to take regular spectacular marks.

Late in his career he was also known outside the football community, through reality television appearances, modelling and singing.

Spectacular mark
A spectacular mark (also known as a specky, speckie, speccy, screamer or hanger) is a mark (or catch) in Australian rules football that typically involves a player jumping up on the back of another player.

The spectacular mark has become a much celebrated aspect of the sport. Many of the winners of the Australian Football League's annual Mark of the Year competition could be considered 'speckies', and commentators will often call an individual specky "a contender" in reference to this competition and the mark's likeliness to win it.
Germer
Germer is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolph Germer (1881–1964), American political functionary and union organizer

Amos E. Germer (1862–1935), American politician

Edmund Germer (1901–1987), German inventor

Karl Germer (1885–1962), German occultist

Lester Germer (1896–1971), American physicist

Peter Germer (born 1949), German wrestler

Saint Geremarus (died 658), Frankish monk and abbot

Amos E. Germer
Amos E. Germer (May 28, 1862 – September 8, 1935) was an American politician and lawyer.

Born in Cincinnatus, New York, Germer was educated at Cornell University, University of Iowa, and the Lake Forest University Law School. In 1883, Germer moved to Wisconsin, was in the lumber business, and practiced law. He served on the Pittsville, Wisconsin Common Council and was president of the common council and on the Dexterville, Wisconsin School Board. Germer also served on the Wood County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors and was chairman. In 1899, Germer served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from Dexterville, Wisconsin and was a Democrat. In 1908, Germer moved to Crandon, Wisconsin and served as city attorney and first mayor of Crandon. Germer also served on the Forest County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors and was chairman of the board. He also served as Wisconsin Circuit Court commissioner. Germer died in Crandon, Wisconsin after having a stroke two weeks earlier.
Hong Kong warty newt
The Hong Kong warty newt or Hong Kong newt (Paramesotriton hongkongensis, see also the synonyms) is a species of salamander (newt) found in Hong Kong. Once thought to be endemic to the territory, the species has also been found in the coastal parts of Guangdong Province. It is the only Urodela living in Hong Kong.

This newt is considered by some naturalists as a subspecies of Paramesotriton chinensis. However, some disagree with such a classification based on the disjunctive distribution of the two, and the differences in their physical appearance and habitat preference.

Newt
A newt is a salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae. The terrestrial juvenile phase is called an eft. Unlike other members of the family Salamandridae, newts are semiaquatic, alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Not all aquatic salamanders are considered newts, however. More than 100 known species of newts are found in North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia. Newts metamorphose through three distinct developmental life stages: aquatic larva, terrestrial juvenile (eft), and adult. Adult newts have lizard-like bodies and return to the water every year to breed, otherwise living in humid, cover-rich land habitats.

Newts are threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation and pollution. Several species are endangered, and at least one species, the Yunnan lake newt, has been considered extinct since 1979.