hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gaston Paris
Bruno Paulin Gaston Paris (French pronunciation: [ɡastɔ̃ paʁis]; 9 August 1839 – 5 March 1903) was a French literary historian, philologist, and scholar specialized in Romance studies and medieval French literature. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901, 1902, and 1903.

History of literature
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment or education to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data (e.g., a check register) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above.
Moraleja
Moraleja (Spanish: [moɾaˈlexa] ⓘ) is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. It is the most important town in the Sierra de Gata comarca. The Postal Code is 10128.
In 1915 there was a massacre at the Finca the Malladas, the farm owned by Agustín, the second Count of Malladas. Five people were slain, among them two children. Five local men were arrested for the crime, but many believe they were framed.

The Town Hall is currently heavily indebted.
This municipality is included in the Sierra de Gata comarca, although it is in the Árrago River basin, geographically not in the mountainous area of the Sierra de Gata.

Province of Cáceres
The province of Cáceres (Spanish: provincia de Cáceres; Portuguese: província de Cáceres; Extremaduran: provincia de Caçris; Fala: provincia de Cáciris) is a province of western Spain, and makes up the northern half of the autonomous community of Extremadura. Its capital is the city of Cáceres. Other cities in the province include Plasencia, Coria, Navalmoral de la Mata, and Trujillo, the birthplace of Francisco Pizarro González. As of 2024, the province had 388,652 inhabitants, of whom a quarter lived in the capital. The Tagus river runs through the province.
A. B. S. Safdar
A. B. S. Safdar (born 29 December 1925) was a Bangladesh police and intelligence officer. He is a former Director General of National Security Intelligence, the main civilian intelligence agency of Bangladesh.

National Security Intelligence
The National Security Intelligence, (Bengali: জাতীয় নিরাপত্তা গোয়েন্দা;) commonly known as the NSI, is a principal civilian intelligence agency of Bangladesh. It serves as the government’s lead organization for internal security, counter-terrorism, counter-intelligence, and foreign intelligence operations, providing strategic analysis and intelligence support for national security decision-making and it is part of the Bangladesh Intelligence Community.
2014 Ontario fireball
44°09′N 77°47′W﻿ / ﻿44.15°N 77.79°W﻿ / 44.15; -77.79
On 4 May 2014 around 4:17pm (EDT) a daylight bolide occurred near Ontario, resulting in a meteor air burst. The meteoroid was estimated to be roughly 50–100 centimetres (20–39 inches) in diameter. The explosion was estimated to be equivalent to approximately 10–20 tons of TNT. The meteor was first seen in Peterborough and traveled on a southwest-to-northeast trajectory. A meteor of this size impacts Earth about twice a week.

The meteor was large enough that it may have generated meteorites. A strewn field has not yet been located but would be downstream after dark flight. Weather radar returns suggest that the meteorite(s) may have landed near Codrington.

Brighton, Ontario
Brighton is a town in Northumberland County, Ontario, Canada, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Toronto and 100 km (62 mi) west of Kingston. It is traversed by both Highway 401 and the former Highway 2. The west end of the Murray Canal that leads east to the Bay of Quinte is at the east end of the town.

It is home to over 12,108 inhabitants, with a higher than average percentage of those retired.

Presqu'ile Provincial Park, just south of the town centre, is one of Brighton's most popular attractions. The park is notable for bird-watching and other nature-oriented activities. Memory Junction Railway Museum, located in a former Grand Trunk station, had a collection of rail equipment and memorabilia but is currently closed. In late September, Brighton is host to Applefest, its largest yearly festival.
Morgan County
Morgan County is the name of eleven counties in the United States of America, nine of which were named for Daniel Morgan, Revolutionary War General:

Morgan County, Alabama

Morgan County, Colorado (named for Colonel Christopher A. Morgan)

Morgan County, Georgia

Morgan County, Illinois

Morgan County, Indiana

Morgan County, Kentucky

Morgan County, Missouri

Morgan County, Ohio

Morgan County, Tennessee

Morgan County, Utah (named for Jedediah Morgan Grant, father of Heber J. Grant)

Morgan County, West Virginia

Morgan County, Indiana
Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 71,780. The county seat (and only incorporated city) is Martinsville.

Morgan County is between Indianapolis, in Marion County, and Bloomington in Monroe County. It is included in the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Two major highways, Interstate 69 and Indiana State Road 67, carry large numbers of daily commuters between the two larger communities. The county has 14 townships which provide local services.
Neural substrate of locomotor central pattern generators in mammals
Central pattern generators are biological neural networks organized to produce any rhythmic output without requiring a rhythmic input.  In mammals, locomotor CPGs are organized in the lumbar and cervical segments of the spinal cord, and are used to control rhythmic muscle output in the arms and legs.  Certain areas of the brain initiate the descending neural pathways that ultimately control and modulate the CPG signals.  In addition to this direct control, there exist different feedback loops that coordinate the limbs for efficient locomotion and allow for the switching of gaits under appropriate circumstances.

Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled carefully when applied to feedback systems:

Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system influences the second and second system influences the first, leading to a circular argument. This makes reasoning based upon cause and effect tricky, and it is necessary to analyze the system as a whole. As provided by Webster, feedback in business is the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source.
Chemically modified electrode
A chemically modified electrode is an electrical conductor that has its surface modified for different electrochemical functions. Chemically modified electrodes are made using advanced approaches to electrode  systems by adding a thin film or layer of certain chemicals to change properties of the conductor according to its targeted function.

At a modified electrode, an oxidation-reduction substance accomplishes electrocatalysis by transferring electrons from the electrode to a reactant, or a reaction substrate.

Modifying electrodes' surfaces has been one of the most active areas of research interest in electrochemistry since 1979, providing control over how electrodes interacts with their environments.

Electrocatalyst
An electrocatalyst is a catalyst that participates in electrochemical reactions. Electrocatalysts are a specific form of catalysts that function at electrode surfaces or, most commonly, may be the electrode surface itself. An electrocatalyst can be heterogeneous such as a platinized electrode.  Homogeneous electrocatalysts, which are soluble, assist in transferring electrons between the electrode and reactants, and/or facilitate an intermediate chemical transformation described by an overall half reaction. Major challenges in electrocatalysts focus on fuel cells.
Sgùrr Breac
Sgùrr Breac is a mountain with a height of 999 metres (3,278 ft) in Wester Ross in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. A remote mountain, Sgùrr Breac is part of the Fannichs range, and has a very steep north face. It is usually climbed from its eastern side. The nearest settlement is Auchindrean.

Northwest Highlands
57°30′N 5°0′W﻿ / ﻿57.500°N 5.000°W﻿ / 57.500; -5.000
The Northwest Highlands are located in the northern third of Scotland that is separated from the Grampian Mountains by the Great Glen (Glen More). The region comprises Wester Ross, Assynt, Sutherland and part of Caithness. The Caledonian Canal, which extends from Loch Linnhe in the south-west, via Loch Ness to the Moray Firth in the north-east splits this area from the rest of the country. The city of Inverness and the town of Fort William serve as gateways to the region from the south.
Minister of Commerce (Northern Ireland)
The Minister of Commerce was a member of the Executive Committee of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland (Cabinet) in the Parliament of Northern Ireland which governed Northern Ireland from 1921 to 1972.  The post was combined with that of the Minister of Agriculture until 1925.  In 1943, it was renamed Minister of Commerce and Production and was combined with the post of Prime Minister of Northern Ireland until 1945, then with Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland until 1949.

Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland
The Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the Leader of the House in the Senate of Northern Ireland.  The post was a cabinet position that was nevertheless politically unimportant.  In his memoirs, Brian Faulkner expresses surprise that Jack Andrews accepted the position, as he saw it as a demotion.

The Deputy Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the third-ranking position in the Senate, after the Leader and the Speaker.  The position of Deputy Leader was established, along with the Senate itself, in 1921, and the position was abolished in 1961.
Maupas
Maupas is the name of several communes in France and is a French surname:

Maupas, Aube, a town in the Aube department

Maupas, Gers, a town in the Gers department

Émile Maupas (1842–1916), French zoologist and a botanist

Nicolas Maupas (born 1998), Italian-French actor

Charlemagne de Maupas (1818–1888), French lawyer and politician

Nicolas Maupas
Nicolas Maupas (born 29 October 1998) is an Italian-French actor. He is best known for playing Filippo Ferrari in the Italian drama television series The Sea Beyond (2020–2023) and Simone Balestra in the teen comedy series Un professore (2021–present).
Mahadeva Meteorite
Mahadeva Meteorite (Maithili: महादेव उल्कापिंड) also known as Mahadeva Chondrite or simply Mahadeva is a celestial object that fell at Mahadeva village of Laukahi block in the Madhubani district of the Mithila region in the state of Bihar in India. It fell on 22 July 2019 at a farm in the village.

26°28′56.28″N 86°35′53.17″E﻿ / ﻿26.4823000°N 86.5981028°E﻿ / 26.4823000; 86.5981028﻿ (Mahadeva Meteorite fall site)

Coordinates - Location of the fall of Mahadeva - (26°28'56.28''N, 86°35'53.17''E)

(Source - Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad)

Maithili language
Maithili (Tirhuta: 𑒧𑒻𑒟𑒱𑒪𑒲, /ˈmaɪtɪli/ MY-til-ee, Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal. It is native to the Mithila region, which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. It is the second most commonly spoken native Nepalese language constitutionally registered as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal.

It is spoken by 21.7 million people. Of those, 3.2 million are Nepalese speakers. The language is predominantly written in Devanagari, but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retain some use until today.
2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.

Types of tennis match
Traditionally, tennis is played between two people in a singles match, or two pairs in a doubles match. Tennis can also be played on different courts, including grass courts, clay courts,  hard courts, and artificial grass courts.
Tomasz Zamoyski
Tomasz Zamoyski (1594 – 7 January 1638) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman (szlachcic) and magnate.

He travelled to London in July 1615 and was invited to hunt with King James at Theobalds. The master of ceremonies at the English court Lewis Lewknor hired two coaches with four horses each to bring Zamoyski to audiences with the King, Anne of Denmark, and Prince Charles.

Tomasz was the 2nd Ordynat of the Zamość estates. He was voivode of Podole Voivodeship in 1618, voivode of Kijów Voivodeship (Kyiv, also Kiev) in 1619, starost of Kraków in 1628, Deputy Chancellor of the Crown in 1635, as well as starost of Knyszyn, Sokal, Nowy Targ, Rabsztyn, Kałusz, Goniądz and Rzeczyce. The town of Tomaszów was named after him.

He married Katarzyna Ostrogska in 1620 and had three children with her.

Jelita coat of arms

Ostrogski coat of arms

Tomasz Zamoyski [1637]

Katarzyna Ostrogska

Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski

Gryzelda [Zamoyski] Wiśniowiecka

Kiev Voivodeship
The Kiev Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo kijowskie; Latin: Palatinatus Kioviensis; Ukrainian: Київське воєводство, romanized: Kyivske voievodstvo) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1471 until 1569 and of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1793, as part of Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown. On some maps Kiev Voivodeship was also named as the Lower Volhynia.

The voivodeship was established in 1471 upon the death of the last prince of Kiev Simeon Olelkovich and transformation of the Duchy of Kiev (appanage duchy of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) into the Voivodeship of Kiev.
Paul Seitz
Paul-Léon Seitz (22 December 1906 - 23 February 1984) was a French bishop in the Catholic Church.  He was ordained as a bishop in 1952 and named as the titular bishop of the church's Catula titular see.  From 1960 to 1975, he served as the Bishop of Kontum, a Central Highlands region of Vietnam known for its Montagnard tribes.

Seitz was dedicated to medical and social welfare for the Montagnaard people.  He was active in fundraising efforts on behalf of the tribespeople, securing donations from England and the United States.

During the Vietnam War, Seitz sought relief for the many thousands of refugees that were displaced by the Viet Cong.

Central Highlands (Vietnam)
The Central Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Trung phần), South Central Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Nam Trung Bộ), Western Highlands (Vietnamese: Tây Nguyên) or Midland Highlands (Vietnamese: Cao nguyên Trung bộ) was a former region located in the south central part of Vietnam. It contained parts of the provinces of Đắk Lắk, Gia Lai, Quảng Ngãi, and Lâm Đồng. On June 12 2025 the region merged with South Central Coast.
DJ Brewton
Dominic Horatio Brewton III (born January 15, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for Legia Warsaw of the Polish Basketball League (PLK).

Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, he stood out during his only season with the Titans in 2023-24, leading the team in points, rebounds, and assists. He finished the season averaging 17.0 points per game, rising to 26.6 in the final seven games, along with 4.8 rebounds and 2.7 assists. After transferring to Alcorn University, Brewton scored at least 20 points in nine games, including two games with more than 30 points.

On March 4, he was named the Big West Conference Player of the Week and earned an honorable mention on the All-Big West Team at the end of the season.

Alcorn State University
Alcorn State University (Alcorn State, ASU or Alcorn) is a public historically black land-grant research university adjacent to Lorman, Mississippi. It was founded in 1871 and was the first black land grant college established in the United States.  The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Alcorn State's athletic teams are known as the Braves and compete in the NCAA's Division I. All teams compete as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
Shishijimicin A
Shishijimicin A is an enediyne antitumor antibiotic isolated from Didemnum proliferum. Isolated in 2003 it is part of the family of 10 member ringed enediyne antitumor antibiotic agents, which includes: namenamicin, esperamicin and, calicheamicin. Due to its high potency from cytotoxicity, Shishjimicin A is currently undergoing testing as a possible Antibody-antibiotic Conjugate (ADCs) cancer treatment. Laboratory tests indicate it to be “more than 1,000 times as toxic to cancer cells as the anticancer drug taxol”, also known as Paclitaxel, a prevalent chemotherapy medication. As such, theoretically, only an administration of a minuscule dose of the molecule would be necessary per each treatment. As shishjimicin A supply is scarce and the full extent of its side effects is not yet established, there is still a need for further biological and clinical studies.

Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity refers to the capacity of a substance or agent to cause damage or death to living cells, reflecting a critical parameter in pharmacology, toxicology, and biomedicine. It is distinct from cytostatic effects, which inhibit cell growth and proliferation without causing cell death. Cytotoxic agents can induce a range of cellular responses, including inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptotic or necrotic cell death, and disruption of metabolic or structural cellular integrity. Assessing cytotoxicity is fundamental for evaluating the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical compounds, chemicals, and biomaterials, as it helps predict potential adverse effects and guides therapeutic development.

Various assays—based on enzyme activity, membrane permeability, metabolic activity, or cell proliferation—are routinely employed to characterize and quantify cytotoxic effects in vitro, providing essential insights into cell viability and the mechanisms underlying toxic responses.
Ringhaddy
Ringhaddy (from Irish  Rinn an Chadaigh 'point of the covenant') is a townland on the shores of Strangford Lough, County Down, Northern Ireland, 5 km south of Whiterock. It is in the civil parish of Killinchy and the historic barony of Dufferin.

Barony (county division)
A barony is an administrative division of a county in Scotland, Ireland, outlying parts of England and historically France and Sardinia. As a barony is associated to a Baron and a county to a Count or Earl, it has a lower rank and importance than a county.
Słabowo
Słabowo [swaˈbɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ryn, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Ryn, 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Giżycko, and 66 km (41 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Giżycko
Giżycko (Polish pronunciation: [ɡʲiˈʐɨt͡skɔ] ⓘ; former Polish: Lec or Łuczany; German: Lötzen, pronounced [ˈlœtsn̩] ⓘ) is a town in northeastern Poland with 27,107 inhabitants as of January 2025. It is situated between Lake Kisajno and Lake Niegocin in the region of Masuria, within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is the seat of Giżycko County.

Giżycko is a popular summer tourist destination due to its location within the Masurian Lake District and possesses numerous historical monuments, including a 14th-century Teutonic castle.
Taxi (2015 film)
Taxi (full title Jafar Panahi's Taxi; Persian: تاکسی), also known as Taxi Tehran, is a 2015 Iranian docufiction starring and directed by Jafar Panahi. The film premiered in competition at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Golden Bear and the FIPRESCI Prize. In 2010, Panahi was banned from making films and travelling for 20 years, so his niece Hana Saeidi, who also appears in the film, collected the award on his behalf.

International Federation of Film Critics
The International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI, short for Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique) is an association of national organizations of professional film critics and film journalists from around the world for "the promotion and development of film culture and for the safeguarding of professional interests." It was founded in June 1930 in Brussels, Belgium. It has members in more than 50 countries worldwide.
The Right of Way (1931 film)
The Right of Way is a 1931 American pre-Code film directed by Frank Lloyd and produced and distributed by First National Pictures. It stars Conrad Nagel and Loretta Young. The story was filmed previously in 1915 and in 1920.

First National Pictures
First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the country's largest theater chain. Expanding from exhibiting movies to distributing them, the company reincorporated in 1919 as Associated First National Theatres, Inc., and Associated First National Pictures, Inc. In 1924 it expanded to become a motion picture production company as First National Pictures, Inc., and became an important studio in the film industry. In September 1928, control of First National passed to Warner Bros., into which it was completely absorbed on November 4, 1929. A number of Warner Bros. films were thereafter branded First National Pictures until July 1936, when First National Pictures, Inc., was dissolved.
Krzysztof Hausner
Krzysztof Józef Hausner (13 March 1944 – 26 January 2004) was a Polish footballer who played as a right winger, most notable for his performances for Cracovia. Hausner also capped once for the Poland national team, in a goalless draw against Luxembourg on 16 April 1967.

As a member of the junior team of Poland, Hausner won silver at the 1961 UEFA European Under-18 Championship. In 1962, after a brief period in Unia Tarnow, he was purchased by Cracovia and remained there until 1967. Then, he shortly played for Zagłębie Sosnowiec, Wisła Kraków and Kalwarianka Kalwaria Zebrzydowska. After finishing his professional career, Hausner left Poland for Chicago, where he occasionally played for local Polonia teams and worked as a coach.

Zagłębie Sosnowiec
Zagłębie Sosnowiec (Polish pronunciation: [zaˈɡwɛmbjɛ sɔsˈnɔvjɛts]) is a Polish professional football club based in Sosnowiec. They compete in II liga in the 2025–26 season, following relegation from the 2023–24 I liga.

The club was established in 1945. It has won Polish Cup four times (1962, 1963, 1977, 1978), and has finished as runner-up in the Polish championship four times (1955, 1964, 1967, 1972). Apart from football, the organization of Zagłębie has other departments, such as ice-hockey (KH Zagłębie Sosnowiec; five times Polish champion: 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985) and men's basketball (twice Polish champion: 1985, 1986).