hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operation Gyroscope
Operation Gyroscope was a US Army program implemented between 1955 and 1959. This Cold War initiative modified the system of troop rotation, adjusting how divisions versus individuals rotated in and out of combat zones. The program also applied to smaller non-divisional units and was used primary to exchange units between the United States and Germany under United States Army Europe. It aimed to increase retention rates by boosting morale and unit cohesion, with the added incentive of improving military family stability by keeping soldiers together for most of their careers. Although the program initially increased morale, the Army was unable to keep its promises to the soldiers, and the expected benefits failed to materialize, resulting in the early termination of the program after just one of the planned three-year rotation cycles had been completed.

Unit cohesion
Unit cohesion is a military concept, defined by one former United States Chief of staff in the early 1980s as "the bonding together of soldiers in such a way as to sustain their will and commitment to each other, the unit, and mission accomplishment, despite combat or mission stress". This concept lacks a consensus definition among military analysts, sociologists and psychologists, however.
Casimir Dankerque
Casimir Dankerque (29 November 1903 – 13 August 1936), known as The Monster of Artois (French: Le Monstre de l'Artois), was a French criminal and serial killer responsible for murdering four pensioners in Pas-de-Calais between September and October 1935. Convicted of these murders, in addition to other crimes, he was guillotined in 1936.

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
Southside (Lloyd song)
"Southside" was the lead single by American R&B singer Lloyd, featuring Ashanti, from his debut studio album of the same name (2004), released May 8, 2004 by The Inc. and Def Jam Records. The song was written by T. Hale, W. Morris, Tab and by producer Jimi Kendrix. It peaked at No. 13 on the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B Songs chart, and peaked at No. 24 on the mainstream Billboard Hot 100. A remix also featured rapper Scarface, along with singer-songwriter Ashanti. The remix was later released in December 2004 as the third and final single from the album.

Hot R&B Songs
Hot R&B Songs is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular R&B songs, calculated weekly by airplay on All-Format radio stations, digital download sales and streaming data. It was established on October 11, 2012, as a way to highlight "the differences between pure R&B and rap titles in the overall, wide-ranging R&B/hip-hop field" and serves, along with the Rap Songs chart, as a distillation of the overall Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.
Paulette Senior
Paulette Senior (born 1961 or 1962) is a Canadian politician and executive in the non-profit sector. She was CEO of the Canadian Women's Foundation and was previously CEO of YWCA Canada. She has a Bachelor of Arts in psychology and urban studies from York University. Senior was appointed to the Senate of Canada on the advice of Justin Trudeau on December 20, 2023.

Senior was an unsuccessful candidate for the Ontario New Democratic Party in the 1999 Ontario general election in Scarborough—Rouge River and for the New Democratic Party of Canada in the federal Scarborough—Rouge River riding in the  2000 Canadian federal election. She also ran unsuccessfully for Toronto city council in Ward 42 in the 2003 Toronto municipal election.

Scarborough—Rouge River (provincial electoral district)
Scarborough—Rouge River was a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario between 1999 and 2018.

The riding covers the northeast part of the Scarborough part of Toronto.  It stretches from Highway 401 in the south to Steeles Avenue in the north.  In the east it ends at the border with Pickering and to just west of Midland in the west.

In 2018, the district was dissolved into Scarborough—Rouge Park and Scarborough North.
Aarau–Suhr railway line
The Aarau–Suhr railway line was a standard gauge railway line in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland. It ran 4.2 kilometres (2.6 mi) from Aarau to Suhr, providing a connection between the Bözberg and Zofingen–Wettingen lines. The Swiss National Railway (SNB) opened the Aarau–Suhr and Zofingen–Wettingen lines on 6 September 1877. The line passed to Swiss Federal Railways in 1902. SBB electrified the line from Aarau to Zofingen via Suhr on 15 July 1946. SBB closed the line 11 December 2004 to permit the re-routing of the narrow gauge Menziken–Aarau–Schöftland railway line off surface streets. The rebuilt line opened on 22 November 2010.

Zofingen railway station
Zofingen railway station (German: Bahnhof Zofingen) is a railway station in the municipality of Zofingen, in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is located at the junction of the standard gauge Olten–Lucerne and Zofingen–Wettingen lines of Swiss Federal Railways.
Olimpiada Neapolis FC
Olimpiada Neapolis FC FC (Greek: Ολυμπιάδα Νεάπολης) was a football team based in Neapoli, Nicosia, Cyprus. It had been a refugee club since the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus, when Turkey occupied the northern part of the island. The team was temporarily based in Ayioi Omoloyites, Nicosia. Olimpiada Neapolis FC FC is part of Olimpiada Neapolis.

Agioi Omologites, Nicosia
Agioi Omologites is a Neighbourhood, Quarter, Mahalla or Parish of Nicosia, Cyprus and the parish church thereof. Its name in Greek is Άγιοι Ομολογητές, which means Holy Confessors (a group of saints defined by the church) and also has the name Ayii Omoloyitades (sometimes with "dh" instead of "d") used in older English language works and Turkish.

At the last Census (2011) it had a population of 10,528, an increase from a population of 9,630 in 2001. It covers 153 streets in the south of the municipal area of Nicosia, including Agion Omologiton Avenue, Kyriakou Matsi Avenue and parts of Griva Diyeni Avenue and Arch.Makarios III Avenue.
Udo of Aachen
Udo of Aachen (c.1200–1270) is a fictional monk, a creation of British technical writer Ray Girvan, who introduced him in an April Fool's hoax article in 1999. According to the article, Udo was an illustrator and theologian who discovered the Mandelbrot set some 700 years before Benoit Mandelbrot.

Udo's works were allegedly discovered by the also-fictional Bob Schipke, a Harvard mathematician, who supposedly saw a picture of the Mandelbrot set in an illumination for a 13th-century carol. Girvan also attributed Udo as a mystic and poet whose poetry was set to music by Carl Orff with the haunting O Fortuna in Carmina Burana. Later Schipke uncovered Udo's work which described how Udo had come to this kind of design while working on a method of determining whether one's soul would reach heaven.

April Fools' Day
April Fools' Day or April Fool's Day (rarely called All Fools' Day) is an annual custom on the 1st of April consisting of practical jokes, hoaxes, and pranks. Jokesters often expose their actions by shouting "April Fool[s]!" at the recipient. Mass media can be involved with these pranks, which may be revealed as such the following day. The custom of setting aside a day for playing harmless pranks upon one's neighbor has been relatively common in the world historically.
Sevenhill, South Australia
The Australian monastic town of Sevenhill is in the Clare Valley of South Australia, approximately 130 km north of Adelaide. The town was founded by members of the Jesuit order in 1850. The name, bestowed by Austrian Jesuit priest Aloysius Kranewitter, is in homage to the seven hills of Rome.

Seven hills of Rome
The seven hills of Rome (Latin: Septem colles/montes Romae, Italian: Sette colli di Roma [ˈsɛtte ˈkɔlli di ˈroːma]) east of the river Tiber form the geographical heart of Rome, within the walls of the city.
Predrag Marković
Predrag Marković (Serbian Cyrillic: Предраг Марковић; born 7 December 1955) is a Serbian politician, author, and publisher who served as the President of the National Assembly of Serbia from 2004 to 2007 and as Minister of Culture, Media and Information Society from 2011 to 2012. A former member of G17 Plus, he also briefly served as acting President of Serbia until the election of Boris Tadić in 2004.

2004 Serbian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Republic of Serbia on Sunday, 13 June 2004. As no candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round was held on Sunday, 27 June. Boris Tadić, the pro-western Democratic Party's candidate, was the eventual victor with 54% of the vote.
The Man Who Reclaimed His Head
The Man Who Reclaimed His Head is a 1934 American drama film directed by Edward Ludwig and written by Jean Bart and Samuel Ornitz. The film stars Claude Rains, Joan Bennett, Lionel Atwill, Juanita Quigley, Henry O'Neill and Henry Armetta. The film was released on December 24, 1934, by Universal Pictures.

Jean Bart (writer)
Jean Bart (c.1876 – 1955; pseudonym of Marie Antoinette Sarlabous) was a French-born American playwright and screenwriter. She began writing silent film scenarios under her married name in 1915, but after America entered the Great War she adopted as a pen name that of the French naval hero, Jean Bart. Her greatest success came with the long-running Broadway melodrama, The Squall (1926). She had two other plays produced on Broadway by 1932, and continued writing scenarios and screenplays up through 1945.
Oswald Jonas
Oswald Jonas (January 10, 1897 – March 19, 1978) was a music theorist and musicologist, and student of Heinrich Schenker. Despite Schenker's conservative nationalist views Jonas was an admirer of Karl Kraus.

In 1935, Jonas founded the Schenker Institut and began publishing Der Dreiklang with Felix Salzer. The Oswald Jonas Memorial Collection, housed at the University of California, Riverside Library, holds the complete diaries of Schenker and much of the correspondence and manuscripts of Erwin Ratz, Jonas's first student. His primary students include Felix Salzer, Ernst Oster, and Sylvan Kalib.

He taught at Roosevelt University in Chicago from 1941 to 1964, and then until his death he taught at the University of California Riverside, where his materials, as well as Schenker's Nachlass, is deposited in the Special Collections Library.

Roosevelt University
Roosevelt University is a private university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1945, it was named in honor of United States president Franklin Delano Roosevelt and first lady Eleanor Roosevelt. The university consists of four colleges: the Chicago College of Performing Arts; the College of Humanities, Education & Social Sciences; the College of Science, Health and Pharmacy; and the Walter E. Heller College of Business.

The university also has a campus in Schaumburg, Illinois. The university's newest academic building, Wabash, is located in the Loop in downtown Chicago. It is the tallest educational building in Chicago, the second tallest educational building in the United States, and the fourth-largest academic complex in the world.
1858 Waimea by-election
The Waimea by-election 1858 was a by-election held in the multi-member Waimea electorate during the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, on 21 May 1858.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Charles Elliott on 20 March 1858.

The by-election was won unopposed by David Monro, who had represented the seat in the previous parliament.

1st New Zealand Parliament
The 1st New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. It opened on 24 May 1854, following New Zealand's first general election (held the previous year). It was dissolved on 15 September 1855 in preparation for that year's election.  There were 37 Members of the House of Representatives (MHRs) representing 24 electorates.
Dendrobium fleckeri
Dendrobium fleckeri, commonly known as the apricot cane orchid, is a species of epiphytic or lithophytic orchid endemic to far north Queensland, Australia. It has cylindrical pseudobulbs with two or three dark green leaves and up to four apricot-coloured or yellowish green flowers with tangled white hairs on the edge of the labellum.

Hugo Flecker
Hugo Flecker (7 December 1884 – 25 June 1957) was an Australian medical practitioner, radiotherapist, toxicologist and natural historian. He founded the North Queensland Naturalist Club in 1932, whose herbarium grew into the now heritage-listed Flecker Botanical Gardens in Cairns, Queensland. He identified the deadly box jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri.
Ramond–Ramond field
In theoretical physics, Ramond–Ramond fields are differential form fields in the 10-dimensional spacetime of type II supergravity theories, which are the classical limits of type II string theory. The ranks of the fields depend on which type II theory is considered. As Joseph Polchinski argued in 1995, D-branes are the charged objects that act as sources for these fields, according to the rules of p-form electrodynamics.  It has been conjectured that quantum RR fields are not differential forms, but instead are classified by twisted K-theory.

The adjective "Ramond–Ramond" reflects the fact that in the RNS formalism, these fields appear in the Ramond–Ramond sector in which all vector fermions are periodic.  Both uses of the word "Ramond" refer to Pierre Ramond, who studied such boundary conditions (the so-called Ramond boundary conditions) and the fields that satisfy them in 1971.

Supergravity
In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory; SUGRA for short) is a modern field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity; this is in contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Supergravity is the gauge theory of local supersymmetry. Since the supersymmetry (SUSY) generators form together with the Poincaré algebra and superalgebra, called the super-Poincaré algebra, supersymmetry as a gauge theory makes gravity arise in a natural way.
Raphael Hillyer
Raphael Hillyer (April 10, 1914 – December 27, 2010) was a Jewish American viola soloist, teacher. Born Raphael Silverman in Ithaca, New York, his career included playing in the Boston Symphony Orchestra and co-founding the Juilliard String Quartet. Hillyer was still lecturing and teaching viola at Boston University during the final month of his life.

Solo (music)
In music, a solo (Italian for 'alone') is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung featuring a single performer, who may be performing completely alone or supported by an accompanying instrument such as a piano or organ, a continuo group (in Baroque music), or the rest of a choir, orchestra, band, or other ensemble. Performing a solo is "to solo", and the performer is known as a soloist.

The plural is soli or the anglicised form solos. In some contexts these are interchangeable, but soli tends to be restricted to classical music, and mostly either the solo performers or the solo passages in a single piece. Furthermore, the word soli can be used to refer to a small number of simultaneous parts assigned to single players in an orchestral composition. In the Baroque concerto grosso, the term for such a group of soloists was concertino.

An instrumental solo is often used in popular music during a break or bridge to add interest and variety to a part of the song without lyrics.
Lynskey
Lynskey is an Irish surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Aoife Lynskey (born 1980), Irish camogie player

Alice Lynskey, Irish musician

Brendan Lynskey (born 1956), Irish former athlete

Dorian Lynskey, author and podcaster

Ed Lynskey, American poet, critic, and novelist

George Lynskey (1888–1957), English judge

Jeffrey Lynskey (born 1977), Irish hurling manager

Melanie Lynskey (born 1977), New Zealand actress

Michael Lynskey, New Zealand academic

Companies with this name include:

Lynskey Performance Designs

Jeffrey Lynskey
Jeffrey Lynskey (born 1977) is an Irish hurling manager and former player who was the current manager of the Galway minor hurling team and also works as an English and history teacher in Galway Community College.
1874–75 Scottish Cup
The 1874–75 Scottish Cup – officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup – was the second edition of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. Teams from Edinburgh, Renfrewshire and Lanarkshire entered the competition for the first time and with 12 new teams entering the competition, a total of 25 were included in the first round draw. The competition began with the first round match between Rangers and Oxford on 10 October 1874 and concluded with the final on 10 April 1875. After 27 matches and 56 goals scored, defending champions Queen's Park retained the trophy by defeating Dunbartonshire club Renton 3–0 at the original Hampden Park in the final.

Dunbartonshire
55°58′N 4°32′W﻿ / ﻿55.96°N 4.53°W﻿ / 55.96; -4.53

Dunbartonshire (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Dhùn Breatann) or the County of Dumbarton is a historic county, lieutenancy area and registration county in the west central Lowlands of Scotland lying to the north of the River Clyde. Dunbartonshire borders Perthshire to the north, Stirlingshire to the east, Lanarkshire and Renfrewshire to the south, and Argyllshire to the west.

The county covered a similar area to the earldom and later duchy of Lennox. The historic county gives its name to two of Scotland's modern council areas, being East Dunbartonshire and West Dunbartonshire.
2006 European Athletics Championships – Men's 400 metres hurdles
The men's 400 metres hurdles at the 2006 European Athletics Championships were held at the Ullevi on August 9 and August 10.

Iakovákis and Plawgo were well ahead of the field, while Williams surged towards the finish line and pipped Frenchman Naman Keïta by a hundredth.

2006 European Athletics Championships
The 19th European Athletics Championships were held in Gothenburg, Sweden, between 7 August and 13 August 2006. The competition arena was the Ullevi Stadium and the official motto "Catch the Spirit". Gothenburg also hosted the 1995 World Championships in Athletics, and Stockholm, Sweden's capital, hosted 1958 European Athletics Championships.
CartoonArts International
CartoonArts International is a cartooning newspaper syndication service based in the United States. CartoonArts International distributes political and humor cartoons, caricatures, and graphics internationally and is updated daily. Most cartoons are in English, with some available in Spanish as well.

CartoonArts maintains one of the world's most extensive cartoon archives, representing more than 550 artists from over 75 countries. The artists provide commentary on news stories and personalities. Categories include "Views of the World," "Regional Views," "Wit of the World," "Featured Artists," "Comment & Caricature," and "Business Views."

Cartoonists & Writers Syndicate (CWS) is a division of CartoonArts International. CWS represents such cartoonists as Javad Alizadeh, Gomaa Frahat, Roar Hagen, Stane Jagodič, Miel Prudencio Ma, Jovan Prokopljević, Lectrr, Ann Telnaes, and Martyn Turner.

Martyn Turner
Martyn Turner (born 1948) is an English-born Irish political cartoonist, caricaturist and writer, working for the Irish Times since 1971. His cartoons appear four times a week in the newspaper, parodying current events.
Lake Zumpango
Lake Zumpango (Spanish: Laguna de Zumpango; Nahuatl languages: Tzompanco, lit. 'string of scalps') is an endorheic basin located in the Valley of Mexico in the municipality of Zumpango and adjacent to the municipality of Teoloyucan. Tzompanco was formerly the northernmost of five interconnected lakes, covering about 1,500 square kilometers (580 sq mi) (the other lakes being Lake Xaltocan, Lake Xochimilco, Lake Chalco and Lake Texcoco). The Valley of Mexico was a centre for several pre-Columbian civilizations including Teotihuacan, the Toltec, and the Aztec Empire. After the conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Spaniards began to drain the lakes' waters to control flooding. Over the centuries Lake Zumpango lost it its inflows and outflows and became polluted by sewage and garbage dumps. However, in recent years, the lagoon is becoming cleaner again.

Teoloyucan
Teoloyucan is a municipality located in the State of Mexico, Mexico. Its municipal seat and second largest city is the city of Teoloyucan. It lies 45 km (28 mi) north of the Federal District (Distrito Federal) in the northeastern part of the state of México, and is part of the Greater Mexico City urban area. During the colonial period the area's name had a number of variations, including Teohuilloyocan, Teohuilloyucan, Theoloyucan, Teoloyucan Coaquileque and Tehuilloyocan. The name comes from Nahuatl meaning place of glass or place of crystal rock.
Johannes Niks
Johannes Niks (30 May 1912 – 31 October 1997) was an Estonian footballer.

He was born in Tallinn.

He began his football career when he was already an adult. His first club was Meteor. In 1935 he joined with ESS Kalev. In 1937 he scored the most goals (17) in Meistriliiga. In 1938 he played one match for Estonia men's national football team.

In 1941 he was mobilized into Red Army. He fought at the Battle of Velikiye Luki.

Meistriliiga
Meistriliiga (pronounced [ˈmeistriliːɡ̊ɑː]), officially known as A. Le Coq Premium Liiga for sponsorship reasons, and commonly known as the Premium Liiga, is the highest division of the Estonian Football Association annual football championship. The league was founded in 1992, and was initially semi-professional with amateur clubs allowed to compete. With the help of solidarity mechanisms, the league is fully professional since the 2020 season.

As in most countries with low temperatures in winter, the season starts in March and ends in November. Meistriliiga consists of ten clubs, all teams play each other four times.

After each season, the bottom team is relegated to the Esiliiga, the Estonian second division league. The second last team plays a two-legged play-off with the second team in the Esiliiga for a place in the Meistriliiga.
Holtzman
Holtzman or Haltzman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elizabeth Holtzman (born 1941), American lawyer, NYC Comptroller, and political figure

Glenn Holtzman (1930–1980), American football player

Harry Holtzman (1912–1987), American artist

Jerome Holtzman (1926–2008), American sportswriter

John W. Holtzman (1858–1942), American political figure

Ken Holtzman (1945–2024), American baseball player

Lester Holtzman (1913–2002), American political figure

Linda Joy Holtzman (fl. 1960s–present), American rabbi and scholar

Marc Holtzman (born c. 1955), American international investment bank figure

Scott Holtzman (born 1983), American martial artist

Shay Holtzman (born 1974), Israeli footballer

Wayne H. Holtzman (1923–2019), American psychoanalyst

Wilhelm Holtzman, birth name of German classical scholar Wilhelm Xylander (1532–1576)

Willy Holtzman (born 1952), American author, screenwriter

Zac Holtzman (fl. 1980s–present), American musician

Willy Holtzman
Willy Holtzman (born 1951) is an American playwright and screenwriter, often focusing on theatrical representations of actual historical events.  Holtzman has received two Pulitzer Prize nominations, a Humanitas Prize, a Writers Guild Award, a Peabody Award, as well as an HBO Award at the National Playwrights Conference.