hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shared medium
In telecommunication, a shared medium is a medium or channel of information transfer that serves more than one user at the same time.

In order for most channels to function correctly, no more than one user can be transmitting at a time, so a channel access method must always be in effect.

In circuit switching, each user typically gets a fixed share of the channel capacity. A multiplexing scheme divides up the capacity of the medium. Common multiplexing schemes include time-division multiplexing and frequency-division multiplexing. Channel access methods for circuit switching include time-division multiple access, frequency-division multiple access, etc.

In packet switching, the sharing is more dynamic — each user takes up little or none of the capacity when idle, and can utilize the entire capacity if transmitting while all other users are idle. Channel access methods for packet switching include carrier-sense multiple access, token passing, etc.

Channel access method
In telecommunications and computer networks, a channel access method or multiple access method allows more than two terminals connected to the same transmission medium to transmit over it and to share its capacity. Examples of shared physical media are wireless networks, bus networks, ring networks and point-to-point links operating in half-duplex mode.

A channel access method is based on multiplexing, which allows several data streams or signals to share the same communication channel or transmission medium. In this context, multiplexing is provided by the physical layer.

A channel access method may also be a part of the multiple access protocol and control mechanism, also known as medium access control (MAC). Medium access control deals with issues such as addressing, assigning multiplex channels to different users and avoiding collisions. Media access control is a sub-layer in the data link layer of the OSI model and a component of the link layer of the TCP/IP model.
Richard Canary
Richard Douglas Canary (born in 1962) is an American mathematician working mainly on low-dimensional topology. He is a professor at the University of Michigan.

Canary obtained his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1989 under the supervision of William Paul Thurston, with the thesis Hyperbolic Structures on 3-Manifolds with Compressible Boundaries.

He received a Sloan Research Fellowship in 1993.

In 2015 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society, "for contributions to low-dimensional topology and hyperbolic geometry as well as for service and teaching in mathematics."

Low-dimensional topology
In mathematics, low-dimensional topology is the branch of topology that studies manifolds, or more generally topological spaces, of four or fewer dimensions. Representative topics are the theory of 3-manifolds and 4-manifolds, knot theory, and braid groups. This can be regarded as a part of geometric topology. It may also be used to refer to the study of topological spaces of dimension 1, though this is more typically considered part of continuum theory.
Larry Wogan
Lawrence William Wogan (18 September 1890 – August 1979) was a rugby union player who represented Australia.

Wogan, a centre, was born in Hokitika and claimed a total of 22 international rugby caps for Australia.

Hokitika
Hokitika is a town in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island, 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Greymouth, and close to the mouth of the Hokitika River. It is the seat and largest town in the Westland District. The town's estimated population is 3,420 as of June 2025.

On a clear day Aoraki / Mount Cook can clearly be seen from Hokitika's main street.
Tsalung
Tsalung (Skt: nadi-vayu; Tib. rtsa rlung; where "rtsa" denotes an energetic channel) are special yogic exercises. The exercises are used in the Bon tradition and the four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Trul khor employs the tsa lung and they constitute the internal yantra or sacred architecture of this yoga's Sanskrit name, yantra yoga. Tsa lung are also employed in completion stage practices.

The exercises are used:

to bring the lung from the side channels into the central channel

to open major chakras

That coincides with mind releasing dualistic misperceptions and abiding in non-dual awareness of rigpa (Tib. rig pa). Detailed instructions on the exercises describe 3 levels of rtsa rlung: external, internal and secret.

Each level contains 5 exercises corresponding to five elements.

Tattva
According to various Indian schools of philosophy, tattvas (Sanskrit: तत्त्व) are the elements or aspects of reality that constitute human experience. In some traditions, they are conceived as an aspect of the Indian deities. Although the number of tattvas varies depending on the philosophical school, together they are thought to form the basis of all our experience. The Samkhya philosophy uses a system of 25 tattvas, while Shaivism uses a system of 36 tattvas. In Buddhism, the equivalent is the list of Abhidharma which constitute reality, as in Namarupa.
2024 United States attorney general elections
The 2024 United States attorney general elections were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the attorneys general of ten U.S. states. The previous elections for this group of states took place in 2020, while Vermont's attorney general was last elected in 2022.

These elections took place concurrently with the 2024 presidential election, elections to the Senate and House of Representatives, and various other state and local elections.

State attorney general
The state attorney general in each of the 50 U.S. states, of the federal district, or of any of the territories is the chief legal advisor to the state government and the state's chief law enforcement officer. In some states, the attorney general serves as the head of a state department of justice, with responsibilities similar to those of the United States Department of Justice.
Suzanne Blanc
Suzanne Blanc (1915 − October 5, 1999) was an American mystery writer who won an Edgar Allan Poe Award in 1961 and a Grand Prix de Littérature Policière in 1962 for her crime novel The Green Stone. She wrote three other mystery novels and contributed short stories to anthologies and periodicals, including Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine.

Her novels are set in Mexico and feature characters who suffer from a sense of isolation, according to Jane S. Bakerman in Twentieth Century Crime and Mystery Writers. Bakerman describes Blanc as "a good writer whose canon, though slender, is strong." Of The Green Stone, Kirkus Reviews said, "Atmosphere, incidents and personalities persuasively combined."

Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine
Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine is a bi-monthly American digest size fiction magazine specializing in crime fiction, particularly detective fiction, and mystery fiction. Launched in fall 1941 by Mercury Press, EQMM is named after the fictitious author Ellery Queen, who wrote novels and short stories about a fictional detective named Ellery Queen. From 1993, EQMM changed its cover title to be Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine (without the "'s"), but the table of contents still retains the full name.
2018–19 Úrvalsdeild kvenna (basketball)
The 2018–19 Úrvalsdeild kvenna was the 62nd season of the Úrvalsdeild kvenna, the top tier women's basketball league on Iceland. The season started on 3 October 2018 and concluded on 27 April 2019 with Valur winning their first title after beating Keflavík 3–0 in the Úrvalsdeild finals.

Úrvalsdeild kvenna (basketball)
Úrvalsdeild kvenna (English: Women's Premier League), known as Bónus deild kvenna for sponsorship reasons, is the highest basketball competition among women's clubs in Iceland. It is administered by the Icelandic Basketball Federation. It was founded in 1952 and, until 2007, it was known as 1. deild kvenna (English: Women's First division).

The league was known as the Subway deild kvenna from 2021 to 2024. In July 2024, supermarket chain Bónus became the primary sponsor.
Mazrui
The Mazrui or Mazar'i (Arabic: المزاريع) were an Omani Arab clan that reigned over some areas of East Africa, especially Kenya, from the 18th to the 20th century. In the 18th century they governed Mombasa and other coastal places and opposed the Omani Al Bu Sa'id Dynasty that ruled over Zanzibar. On at least one occasion, they attacked Stone Town allying with the Portuguese.

When the British East Africa Protectorate was established in the late 19th century, the Mazrui were one of the groups that most actively resisted the British rule, along with the Kikuyu and Kamba people.

Kamba people
The Kamba or Akamba (sometimes called Wakamba) people are  Bantu peoples ethnic group who predominantly live in Kenya stretching from Nairobi to Tsavo and northwards to Embu, in the southern part of the former Eastern Province. This land is called Ukambani and constitutes Makueni County, Kitui County and Machakos County. They also form the second largest ethnic group in 8 counties including Nairobi and Mombasa counties.
CJUV-FM
CJUV-FM is a Canadian radio station that broadcasts a classic hits format at 94.1 FM in Lacombe, Alberta.

In December 2015, the station was sold by its founder, L.A. Radio Group, to Golden West Broadcasting.

Golden West Broadcasting
Golden West Broadcasting Ltd. is a Canadian radio and digital media company based in Altona, Manitoba. It is the largest independent radio broadcaster in Canada. The company primarily operates small-market radio stations and internet portals in the Prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.
2009 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes
The 2009 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes was the 85th running of the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. The race took place in Baltimore, Maryland on May 15, 2009, and was televised in the United States on the Bravo TV network owned by NBC. Ridden by jockey Terry Thompson, Payton d'Oro, won the race by one and one quarter lengths over runner-up Bon Jovi Girl. Approximate post time on the evening before the Preakness Stakes was 5:50 p.m. Eastern Time and the race was run for a purse of $150,000. The race was run over a fast track in a final time of 1:49.75. The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 23,819.

Terry J. Thompson
Terry John Thompson (born August 7, 1971 in Omaha, Nebraska) is an American jockey in Thoroughbred horse racing who, as at December 8, 2011, has won 2781 races during his career that began in 1993 at Turfway Park in Florence, Kentucky.

On May 20, 2002, Terry Thompson set a Prairie Meadows Racetrack record when he rode six winners on a single racecard. He was the existing co-holder of the record with five wins. At the same racetrack, he won four straight riding titles between 2000 and 2003 before breaking a leg in 2004. He returned to win three more titles consecutively between 2007 and 2009. Thompson also won back-to-back riding titles at Oaklawn Park in 2009 and 2010.
Church Cottage Museum
Church Cottage Museum is a 16th-century cottage in Broughton, City of Preston, Lancashire, England.

The cottage is grade II listed and is operated as a small museum, open on Sunday afternoons.

The cottage was built in the 16th century and over time was used as an inn and a school room as well as a residence.  After the death of its last tenant in 1986 the building became neglected, but it was restored after local fundraising which included a grant from  British Aerospace and was opened as a museum by Princess Alexandra in 1995.

City of Preston, Lancashire
The City of Preston, or simply Preston (/ˈprɛstən/ ⓘ), is a local government district with city status in Lancashire, England. It lies on the north bank of the River Ribble and has a population of 162,864 (2024). The neighbouring districts are Ribble Valley, South Ribble, Fylde and Wyre.

The district is named after its largest settlement, Preston, which lies in the south of the district. The district also includes rural areas to the north of the main urban area, including part of the Forest of Bowland, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. In 2002 the district was granted city status to mark the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II; prior to this it was known as the Borough of Preston, having held borough status since its creation in 1974.
1984–85 Albanian Cup
1984–85 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the thirty-third season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in August 1984 with the First Round and ended in February 1985 with the Final match. The winners of the competition qualified for the 1985-86 first round of the UEFA Europa League. 17 Nëntori were the defending champions, having won their sixth Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Flamurtari.

The rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.

Flamurtari FC
Flamurtari Football Club is an Albanian professional football club based in Vlorë, Albania. The club plays in the Kategoria Superiore, which is the first tier of football in the country.

Founded in 1923, the club is one of the oldest in Albania, also being one of its most successful clubs, having won one Albanian Superliga title in 1991, four Albanian Cups, and two Albanian Supercups. Flamurtari is also known for their European runs in the 1980s, where they famously reached the last sixteen in the 1987–88 UEFA Cup, where they beat Spanish giants Barcelona in Vlorë but lost on aggregate.
Vulpecula
Vulpecula (/vəlˈpɛkjʊlə/) is a faint constellation in the Northern Sky. Its name is Latin for "little fox", although it is commonly called simply the Fox. It was identified in the 17th century, and is located in the middle of the Summer Triangle (an asterism consisting of the bright stars Deneb, Vega, and Altair).

Deneb
Deneb (/ˈdɛnɛb/) is a blue supergiant star in the constellation of Cygnus. It is the brightest star in the constellation and the 19th brightest in the night sky, with an apparent magnitude slightly varying between +1.21 and +1.29. Deneb is one of the vertices of the asterism known as the Summer Triangle and the "head" of the Northern Cross. Its Bayer designation is α Cygni, which is Latinised to Alpha Cygni, abbreviated to Alpha Cyg or α Cyg.

Deneb rivals Rigel, a closer blue supergiant, as the most luminous first-magnitude star. However, its distance, and hence luminosity, is poorly known; its luminosity is estimated to be between 55,000 and 196,000 times that of the Sun. Distance estimates range from 1,400 to 2,600 light-years; assuming its highest value, it is the farthest star with an apparent magnitude brighter than 2.50.
Crack Down
Crack Down (クラックダウン) is a run and gun arcade game released by Sega in 1989 and ported to the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis in 1990 in Japan and 1991 in North America and Europe by Sage's Creation and Sega respectively. It was also ported and released to a number of home computer platforms by U.S. Gold.

The Mega Drive version of Crack Down was re-released in 2007 on the Wii Virtual Console in Japan on August 7, and in PAL regions on September 7. It was also released on Steam on June 1, 2010.

U.S. Gold
U.S. Gold Limited was a British video game publisher based in Witton, Birmingham, England. The company was founded in 1984 by Anne and Geoff Brown in parallel to their distributor firm, CentreSoft, both of which became part of Woodward Brown Holdings (later renamed CentreGold). The company primarily aimed at publishing games imported from the United States with a lower price tag in Europe and especially the United Kingdom.
Peinado (surname)
Peinado is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bruno Peinado (born 1970), French artist

Carlos Peinado (born 1954), Uruguayan basketball player

Daniel Peinado (born 1967), Argentine footballer

Danilo Peinado (born 1985), Uruguayan footballer

María Peinado (born 1977), Spanish athlete

Robeilys Peinado (born 1997), Venezuelan pole vaulter

María Peinado
María Peinado Bravo (born 8 February 1977 in Jaén) is a former Spanish athlete who specialized in the combined events. She holds Spanish records in the heptathlon and rarely contested women's decathlon.
Chorrillos District
Chorrillos (Spanish for "trickle of water"), founded as San Pedro de los Chorrillos, is a district of Lima Province in Lima, Peru. A middle-income residential district, it is located next to the Pacific Ocean and forms part of the city's area known as the Costa Verde, which is home to a number of beaches, as well as private clubs and the country's national military school.

It was founded as a deluxe beach resort in 1824, becoming a town in 1856. In 1881, during the War of the Pacific, it was destroyed and looted by the invading Chilean Army, after which it was rebuilt and incorporated into the city of Lima as it grew during the 20th century. The district's current mayor is Fernando Velasco Huamán.

Lima province
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈli.ma]), also called Metropolitan Lima (Spanish: Lima Metropolitana), is a province of the department of Lima, Peru. Located in its central coast, it operates under a quasi-autonomous special regime, and is thus not under the jurisdiction of the department's regional government. Its capital is Lima, which is also the nation's capital.

Despite its small area, this province is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Peruvian economy. It concentrates almost one-third of the country's population and 50% of Peru's GDP in 2012.
Drumconrath
Drumconrath or Drumcondra (historically Drumconra, from Irish: Droim Conrach, meaning 'ridge of Conrach') is a small village in north County Meath, Ireland, 8 km west of Ardee.  The parish borders County Louth and is also close to the borders of Counties Monaghan and Cavan. As of the 2016 census, the village had a population of 423 people.

The village lies in a parish, Drumconrath and Meath Hill parish, within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Meath. The village is in the civil parish of Drumcondra.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Meath
The Diocese of Meath (Latin: Dioecesis Midensis;  Irish: Deoise na Mí) is a Latin Catholic diocese of the Catholic Church that is located in the middle part of Ireland. It is one of eight suffragan dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. Thomas Deenihan has been bishop of the diocese since 2 September 2018.
Sean Pedulla
Sean Pedulla (born October 10, 2002) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the San Diego Clippers of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Virginia Tech Hokies and the Ole Miss Rebels.

San Diego Clippers (NBA G League)
The San Diego Clippers are a professional basketball team based in San Diego County, California, that competes in the NBA G League. The team plays its home games at Frontwave Arena. The Clippers began play in the 2017–18 season. The team is an affiliate of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s Los Angeles Clippers.
Snezhnogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Snezhnogorsk (Russian: Снежного́рск) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of Tsentralny City District of the krai city of Norilsk in Norilsk Urban District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Entraigues
Entraigues is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:

Entraigues, in the Isère department

Entraigues, in the Puy-de-Dôme department

Entraigues-sur-la-Sorgue, in the Vaucluse department

Antraigues-sur-Volane, in the Ardèche department

Égliseneuve-d'Entraigues, in the Puy-de-Dôme department

Vaucluse
Vaucluse (French: [voklyz]; Provençal: Vauclusa (Classical norm) or Vau-Cluso (Mistralian norm)) is a department in the southeastern French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. It had a population of 561,469 as of 2019. The department's prefecture is Avignon.

It is named after a spring, the Fontaine de Vaucluse, one of the largest karst springs in the world. The name Vaucluse itself derives from the Latin Vallis Clausa ("closed valley") as the valley ends in a cliff face from which the spring emanates.
2nd Bodil Awards
The 2nd Bodil Awards ceremony was held on 29 April 1949 at Palace Hotel's night club Ambassadeur in Copenhagen, Denmark, honouring the best national and foreign films of 1938. Ib Schønberg acted as host and  Lily Broberg, Poul Reichhardt and Grethe Thordahl performed at the event which was attended by 300 guests.

Bodil Ipsen's and Lau Lauritzen, Jr.'s The Viking Watch of the Danish Seaman won the award for Best Danish  Film and Johannes Meyer won the award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in it. Mogens Wieth won the award for Best Leading Actor for his role in Kampen mod uretten. Karin Nellemose won the award for Best Leading Actress for her  role in the same film and the award for Best Supporting Actress for Mens porten var lukket.

Mogens Wieth
Mogens Wieth (16 September 1919 – 10 September 1962) was a Danish film actor. He appeared in more than 20 films between 1940 and 1962. He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark to stage and film actors Carlo Wieth and Agnes Thorberg Wieth, and he died in London, England in 1962.
Bedekar
Bedekar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Malati Bedekar (1905–2001), Indian author

Ninad Bedekar (1949–2015), Indian historian, writer, and orator

Vishram Bedekar (1906–1998), Indian movie director

Ninad Bedekar
Ninad Gangadhar Bedekar (17 August 1949 – 10 May 2015) was a historian, writer and orator from Pune, Maharashtra, India, writing and speaking in Marathi. He was specialized in research of the rule of warrior-king Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
The Meddler
The Meddler is a 2015 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Lorene Scafaria. The film stars Susan Sarandon, Rose Byrne and J. K. Simmons. Principal photography began on March 30, 2015 in Los Angeles. It was screened in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was released on April 22, 2016, by Sony Pictures Classics and Stage 6 Films.

Stage 6 Films
Stage 6 Films, Inc. is an American production and distribution label of Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions that acquires and produces feature films to be released either theatrically, on demand, or through streaming services. Once a film is finished, Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions will decide if the film will be released theatrically or on a different platform.

Founded in 2007, the film division takes its name from the location of its main office, the Stage 6 building at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California (originally an actual sound stage used for such films as The Wizard of Oz). Before that, the functions were taken by TriStar Pictures, Destination Films and Triumph Films.
Covarrubias (surname)
Covarrubias is a surname in the Spanish language, indicating place of origin, the village and municipality of Covarrubias (province of Burgos, Spain), that was founded in the 7th century by the visigothic king Chindasuinth.

It is compounded of the words cova (cave), ruber (red) and the suffix ia (that has the quality of), meaning "the cave that is red" or simply "red cave".

Chindasuinth
Chindasuinth (also spelled Chindaswinth, Chindaswind, Chindasuinto, Chindasvindo, or Khindaswinth; Latin: Chintasvintus, Cindasvintus; c. 563 – 30 September 653) was Visigothic King of Hispania, from 642 until his death in 653. He succeeded Tulga, from whom he took the throne in a coup. He was elected by the nobles and anointed by the bishops on April 30, 642.