hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philodendron tenue
Philodendron tenue is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae. It is native to wet tropical areas of southern Central America, Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador. A hemiepiphyte, it is found in variety of woodland and forest types at elevations from 20 to 2,300 m (70 to 7,550 ft). Leaf length varies considerably between individuals, possibly to the point of being botanical forms.

Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
Thulsi Thivani Manogaran
Thulsi Thivani d/o Manogaran (born 9 November 1988) is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who has served as Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Buntong since November 2022. She is a member, Women Assistant Publicity Secretary and was the State Youth Head of Legal Bureau of Perak of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. She has also served as the State Assistant Publicity Secretary of DAP of Perak since September 2024 and Women Assistant Organising Secretary of DAP since September 2023. She is also the eldest child and daughter of Manogaran Marimuthu, the State Deputy Chairman of DAP of Pahang, former Member of Parliament (MP) for Teluk Intan and a co-founder of the Tamil Foundation of Malaysia.

Perak State Legislative Assembly
The Perak State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Perak) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Perak. It is composed of 59 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, along with elections to the federal parliament and other state assemblies.

The Assembly convenes at the Bangunan Perak Darul Ridzuan in the state capital, Ipoh. At 59 seats, it is the largest state assembly among the 11 legislatures of the States of Malaya.
EZD
EZD can refer to:

Philippines AirAsia, a low-cost airline from the Philippines, by ICAO code

AirAsia Zest, a now-defunct low-cost airline from the Philippines that merged into Philippines AirAsia in 2015, by ICAO code

Zduńska Wola County, a county in central Poland, by car plate code

EZ-D, prototype name of Flexplay, a disposable home video format

Zduńska Wola County
Zduńska Wola County (Polish: powiat zduńskowolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zduńska Wola, which lies 41 kilometres (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Szadek, lying 12 km (7 mi) north of Zduńska Wola.

The county covers an area of 369.19 square kilometres (142.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 67,704, out of which the population of Zduńska Wola is 44,370, that of Szadek is 2,007, and the rural population is 21,327.
TPG Tour
The TPG Tour (Tour de Profesionales de Golf) is the principal professional golf tour in Argentina. The tour was formed in 2007, following disputes within the PGA of Argentina, who had operated the main professional tour in the country in previous years.

The tour operated exclusively in Argentina in its inaugural season, but this changed in 2008 with the inclusion of the Carlos Franco Invitational, held in Paraguay. There were seventeen events in 2007 and sixteen in 2008, including the flagship Argentine Open and Argentine Masters, as well as the major regional opens, the South Open, Center Open, North Open and Coast Open.

The TPG Tour developed a close relationship with the higher level Tour de las Américas, with several events being co-sanctioned, which resulted in increased prize funds and stronger fields. Through the Tour de las Américas, some events were also co-sanctioned by the Challenge Tour and the Canadian Tour.

Argentine Open
The Argentine Open or Abierto de la República or Abierto de Argentina is one of the oldest national golf open championships. First played in 1905, when it was called the Open Championship of the River Plate, it has featured numerous notable winners including eleven major champions Henry Picard (1937), Paul Runyan (1938), Jimmy Demaret (1941), Lloyd Mangrum (1946), Roberto De Vicenzo (1944, 1949, 1951, 1952,1958, 1965, 1967, 1970, 1974) Tom Weiskopf (1979), Craig Stadler (1992), Mark Calcavecchia (1993, 1995), Mark O'Meara (1994), Jim Furyk (1997) and Ángel Cabrera (2001, 2002, 2012).
Gérard Fussman
Gérard Fussman (17 May 1940 – 14 May 2022) was a French indologist who was a professor at the Collège de France.

Fussman was born in Lens, Pas-de-Calais on 17 May 1940. He died in Strasbourg on 14 May 2022, at the age of 81.

Collège de France
The Collège de France (French pronunciation: [kɔlɛʒ də fʁɑ̃s] ⓘ; formerly known as the Collège Royal or as the Collège impérial), founded in 1530 by François I, is a higher education and research establishment (grand établissement) in France. It is located in Paris near La Sorbonne. The Collège de France has been considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment. It is an associate member of PSL University.

Research and teaching are closely linked at the Collège de France, whose ambition is to teach "the knowledge that is being built up in all fields of literature, science and the arts".
John Saunders (cricketer)
John Graham Saunders (born 30 November 1936) is a South African-born English first-class cricketer and academic.

Saunders was born at Johannesburg in November 1936. He was educated at Hilton College, before going to England to study medicine at Worcester College, Oxford though at the end of his freshman year he decided to change from medicine to study English, due largely to undiagnosed dyspraxia which affected his co-ordination during surgical procedures. While studying at Oxford, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Lancashire and Leicestershire in 1966. An off break bowler, he took 10 wickets against Lancashire, with a five wicket haul in both Lancashire innings', to claim match figures of 10 for 102.

After graduating from Oxford, Saunders became an academic, lecturing for over thirty years at the University of Chichester.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Batak, Bulgaria
Batak (Bulgarian: Батак [ˈbɐtak]) is a town in Pazardzhik Province, southern Bulgaria, not far from the town of Peshtera. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Batak Municipality. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 3,498.

Bulgarian Revival
The Bulgarian Revival (Bulgarian: Българско възраждане, romanized: Balgarsko vazrazhdane, Turkish: Bulgar ulus canlanması), also called the Bulgarian National Revival, was a period of socio-economic development and national integration among Bulgarian people under Ottoman rule. It is commonly accepted to have started with the historical book, Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya, written in 1762 by Paisius, a Bulgarian monk of the Hilandar monastery at Mount Athos, leading to the National awakening of Bulgaria and the modern Bulgarian nationalism, and lasting until the creation of autonomous status for Bulgaria with the formation of the Principality of Bulgaria in 1878 as a result of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.
28th Kolkata International Film Festival
The 28th Kolkata International Film Festival was held from 15 to 22 December 2022 at Netaji Indoor Stadium, in Kolkata, India. The festival opened with 1973 film Abhimaan, by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. 183 films including 130 feature films and 52 short and documentary films from 42 countries were screened during 7 days of the festival. The opening ceremony was attended by West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Rani Mukerji, Mahesh Bhatt and cricketer Sourav Ganguly.

The festival closed on 22 December at Rabindra Sadan hosted by Saheb Chatterjee. Spanish film Upon Entry by Alejandro Rojas, and Juan Sebastian Vasquez and Bangladeshi film The Golden Wings of Watercocks by Muhammad Quayum, jointly won the Golden Royal Bengal Tiger Award for best film, whereas Golden Royal Bengal Tiger Award for best director was won by Ernesto Ardito and Virna Molina for their film Hitler's Witch.

Rabindra Sadan
Rabindra Sadan is a cultural centre and theatre complex in Kolkata, India. It is located on Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road in South Kolkata. It is noted for its large stage which is a prime venue for Bengali theatre and Kolkata Film Festival. It was established in 1961 to mark the birth centenary of Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, its foundation was laid by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 5 August 1961, and construction was completed in 1967. The venue has since become a major hub for Bengali cultural life, hosting theatre productions, concerts, and the Kolkata International Film Festival. Named in honor of Tagore, the complex has been renovated multiple times, most recently in 2022, and continues to serve as a significant center for artistic and literary expression in West Bengal.
New South Wales 48 class locomotive
The 48 Class is a class of diesel locomotives built by AE Goodwin, Auburn for the New South Wales Department of Railways between 1959 and 1970. Once the most ubiquitous locomotive in New South Wales, Australia, it is based on Alco frames and prime movers, using General Electric (later Associated Electrical Industries) electrical equipment. The South Australian Railways 830 and Silverton Rail 48s classes are of a very similar design.

Associated Electrical Industries
Associated Electrical Industries (AEI) was a British holding company formed in 1928 through the merger of British Thomson-Houston (BTH) and Metropolitan-Vickers electrical engineering companies. In 1967 AEI was acquired by GEC, to create the UK's largest industrial group. A scandal that followed the acquisition is said to have been instrumental in reforming accounting practices in the UK.
Horseshoe Casino Baltimore
Horseshoe Baltimore is an urban two-story casino, and the second largest casino in Maryland with a 122,000-square-foot gaming floor. The $442-million facility features video lottery terminals, table games, and a World Series of Poker room. Horseshoe's 20,000-square-foot Baltimore Marketplace features Charm City food outlets, three premier restaurants, and several bars and lounges.

Horseshoe is located along Russell Street on Baltimore's south side, neighboring Camden Yards Sports Complex's M&T Bank Stadium, home of the NFL Baltimore Ravens, and Oriole Park, home of the MLB Baltimore Orioles, as well as Baltimore's Inner Harbor.

The casino is owned by CBAC Gaming, a group led by Caesars Entertainment, and is managed by Caesars. Other members of the CBAC consortium include Jack Entertainment; CVPR Gaming Holdings, LLC; STRON-MD Limited Partnership; and PRT TWO, LLC.

Jack Entertainment
Jack Entertainment (formerly known as Rock Gaming LLC from 2009 to 2016) is a gaming, hospitality, and entertainment company based in Cleveland, Ohio. The company operates two gaming facilities in Ohio, Jack Cleveland Casino and Jack Thistledown Racino.
Somos Buenos Aires
Somos Buenos Aires (English: We are Buenos Aires) is a centrist Argentine political coalition. It was created in 2025 to compete in the 2025 legislative elections for Buenos Aires Province. The alliance is made up of dissident Peronists, radicals and socialists.

This alliance is represented by figures such as the national deputy for the Province of Buenos Aires, Florencio Randazzo, the mayor of Tigre (2023-2027), Julio Zamora, the provincial deputy, Pablo Domenichini, the Mayor of Junín, Pablo Petrecca, the provincial candidate for the 3rd Section, Agustín Boeri, and other politicians who base their campaign on management and consensus.

Florencio Randazzo
Aníbal Florencio Randazzo (born 1 March 1964) in an Argentine Justicialist Party politician. He was Minister of the Interior and Transport during the presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, from 2007 to 2015. An ally of Kirchner's during most of his political career, Randazzo fell out with her and ran against her for a seat in the Senate in 2017.

Since 2021, he has been a National Deputy elected in Buenos Aires Province as part of the Vamos con Vos alliance.
Alberto Valdés (equestrian, born 1919)
Captain Alberto Valdés Ramos (25 June 1919 – 14 April 2013) was a Mexican equestrian and Olympic champion. Born in Mexico City, he won a gold medal riding his horse Chihuahua in the show jumping competition for the Mexican team along with Humberto Mariles and Rubén Uriza at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. Capt. Valdes and Chihuahua placed equal 10th on a total of 20 points in the individual competition. His teammate Col. Humberto Mariles riding Arete won the individual gold medal on a total of 6.25 points.

Valdés died on 14 April 2013, at the age of 93. His son Alberto Valdés Jr. won a bronze medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
5-Hydroxyuracil
5-Hydroxyuracil is an oxidized form of cytosine that is produced by the oxidative deamination of cytosines by reactive oxygen species. It does not distort the DNA molecule and is bypassed by replicative DNA polymerases. It can miscode for adenine and is potentially mutagenic.

Reactive oxygen species
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are the hydroperoxide radical or hydroperoxyl (HO2), superoxide (O2−), the hydroxyl radical (OH.), and singlet oxygen(1O2).  ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O2, which is abundant.  ROS are important in many ways, both beneficial and otherwise.  ROS function as signals, that turn on and off biological functions.  They are intermediates in the redox behavior of O2, which is central to fuel cells.  ROS are central to the photodegradation of organic pollutants in the atmosphere.  Most often, however, ROS are discussed in a biological context, ranging from their effects on aging and their role in causing dangerous genetic mutations.
Michael Levine (set designer)
Michael Levine (born 5 November 1960) is a Canadian set designer. He is best known for his work in opera, including the scenic design for the Canadian Opera Company's 2006 production of Wagner's Ring Cycle, directed by Atom Egoyan. Levine has also designed productions for Theatre Passe Muraille, Lyric Opera of Chicago, Vienna State Opera, English National Opera, Teatro alla Scala, Dutch National Opera, Royal Shakespeare Company, the Royal Opera House, and the National Theatre.

Shaw Festival
The Shaw Festival is a charitable theatre festival in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada. It is the second largest repertory theatre company in North America, second only to the Stratford Festival. The Shaw Festival was founded in 1962. Originally, it only featured productions written by George Bernard Shaw, but changes were later implemented by Christopher Newton and Jackie Maxwell that widened the theatre's scope. As of 2019, the theatre company was considered to be one of the largest 20 employers in the Niagara Region.
3rd U.S. Dragoons
The 3rd U.S. Regiment of Dragoons was a United States Army Dragoon regiment raised for one year of service in the Mexican–American War, by Congress on February 11, 1847.  It was led by Colonel Edward G. W. Butler, who was appointed from Louisiana.

Dragoon
Dragoons were originally a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility, but dismounted to fight on foot. From the early 17th century onward, dragoons were increasingly also employed as conventional cavalry and trained for combat with swords and firearms from horseback. While their use goes back to the late 16th century, dragoon regiments were established in most European armies during the 17th and early 18th centuries; they provided greater mobility than regular infantry but were far less expensive than cavalry.

The name reputedly derives from a type of firearm, called a dragon, which was a handgun version of a blunderbuss, carried by dragoons of the French Army. The title has been retained in modern times by a number of armoured or ceremonial mounted regiments.
Snowshoe Lake (Cripple Creek, Ontario)
Snowshoe Lake is a lake in the Lake Huron drainage basin in Kearney, Almaguin Highlands, Parry Sound, Ontario, Canada. The lake is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of the community of Ravenscroft, just south of the access road to Rain Lake in Algonquin Provincial Park, and 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) west of the park boundary. It is about 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) long and 0.5 kilometres (0.3 mi) wide, and lies at an elevation of 424 metres (1,391 ft). The primary inflow is an unnamed creek from Ink Lake, and the primary outflow is an unnamed creek to Cripple Lake, which flows via Cripple Creek, the Big East River, the Muskoka River and the Moon and  Musquash rivers into Lake Huron.

A second Snowshoe Lake in the Big East River system, Snowshoe Lake (West Harry Lake, Ontario), lies 18.5 kilometres (11.5 mi) southeast.

Muskoka River
The Muskoka River is a river in the Muskoka District of Ontario, Canada. The river is the third largest river draining the southern Ontario land mass by average annual flow.

It rises in the highlands of Algonquin Park and flows southwest through a number of lakes including

Lake Muskoka

Lake Joseph

Lake Rosseau

Lake of Bays

which empty into Georgian Bay south of Parry Sound by way of the Moon and Musquash Rivers.

Tributaries include the:

Indian River

Hollow River

Oxtongue River

Buck River

East River

Communities on the river include:

Bracebridge, Ontario

Huntsville, Ontario

The name "Muskoka" comes from the name of a chief of the Ojibwa in this region, "Mesqua Ukee" (Miskwaa-aki: Red Earth).
Al Mabarra Club
Al Mabarra Club (Arabic: نادي المبرة الرياضي) is a football club based in Beirut, Lebanon, that competes in the Lebanese Premier League.

Established in 1987, the club has experienced periods of both relegation and promotion throughout its history. They first played in the Lebanese Premier League in 1989, and won one Lebanese FA Cup in 2008.

The club is affiliated with the Al-Mabarrat Charitable Organization, and is known for its social and community-oriented foundation. Mabarra have Shia ties.

2009 AFC Cup
The 2009 AFC Cup was the sixth season of the AFC Cup, a competition among clubs from member nations of the Asian Football Confederation.

With the Asian Football Confederation reviewed the format of the AFC Champions League and made significant changes to way the competition is run, the teams that qualified for the AFC Cup is also from different countries compared to the previous editions.
A Scotch Bestiary
A Scotch Bestiary: Enigmatic Variations on a Zoological Carnival at a Caledonian Exhibition is an organ concerto by the Scottish composer James MacMillan.  The work was commissioned by the BBC and the Los Angeles Philharmonic.  It was composed from 2003 to 2004 and was first performed by the organist Wayne Marshall and the Los Angeles Philharmonic under the direction of Esa-Pekka Salonen at the Walt Disney Concert Hall on October 7, 2004. Paul Jacobs gave the American East Coast premiere of this work in January 2018 in Philadelphia's Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts with the Philadelphia Orchestra and conductor Yannick Nézet-Séguin.

Esa-Pekka Salonen
Esa-Pekka Salonen (pronounced [ˈesɑˌpekːɑ ˈsɑlonen] ⓘ; born 30 June 1958) is a Finnish conductor and composer. He is the principal conductor designate of Orchestre de Paris and creative director designate of the Los Angeles Philharmonic. He is also conductor laureate of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Philharmonia Orchestra in London and the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra. He was music director of the San Francisco Symphony from 2020 to 2025.
Kenneth G. Caulton
Kenneth G. Caulton was an American inorganic chemist who made significant contributions to, projects dealing with transition metal hydrides. He was a Distinguished Professor at Indiana University before retiring in 2020. Specifically, Caulton worked on the chemistry of paramagnetic organometallic complexes, metal polyhydride complexes and the dihydrogen ligand, catalytic activation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and alkoxide chemistry. Caulton's work with transition metal complexes was ultimately aimed to create complexes that exhibit unexpected and novel reactivities.

Caulton received his B.S. degree from Carleton College in Minnesota. Following his undergraduate degree, he worked under Richard Fenske at the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he studied transition metal bonding with various computational methods dealing with molecular orbital theory. Caulton then worked with F. Albert Cotton at MIT, where he continued to study transition metal bonding.

Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers chemical compounds that are not carbon-based, which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, as there is much overlap in the subdiscipline of organometallic chemistry. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry, including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medications, fuels, and agriculture.