hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Graham (British Army officer, born 1778)
Lieutenant-Colonel John Graham (24 April 1778 – 13 March 1821) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator best known for founding the settlement of Grahamstown in the Cape Colony in 1812. Grahamstown went on to become a military, administrative, judicial and educational centre for its surrounding region.

Wynberg, Cape Town
Wynberg (/ˈwaɪnbɜːrɡ/ WYNE-burg) is a southern suburb of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape, South Africa. It is situated between Plumstead and Kenilworth, and is a main transport hub for the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town.
Saïd Aït-Bahi
Saïd Aït-Bahi (سعيد آيت باهي)  (born 1984 in Rabat) is a Moroccan football player who currently blazes for French semi-professional club US Saint-Omer. Before moving to France, Aït-Bahi played for Moroccan clubs FUS Rabat and Ittihad Khemisset. In 2009, he joined FC Gueugnon and later had a spell with Nîmes Olympique. In June 2010, Aït-Bahi signed for Championnat National side US Créteil-Lusitanos. On 11 January 2012, it was announced that he had terminated his contract with Créteil to move elsewhere.

FC Gueugnon
Football Club Gueugnonnais (commonly called Gueugnon [ɡøɲɔ̃]) is a French association football club based in Gueugnon, Burgundy. The club was formed in 1940 and plays its home matches at the Stade Jean Laville located within the city.

The club has spent majority of its history in the second and third tiers of French football, with a short spell in the top flight. It has had success at national level, most notably winning the League Cup in 2000, Ligue 2 in 1979 and reaching the semi-finals of the French Cup in 1991.

The club faced bankruptcy in 2011 and subsequently reformed in the sixth tier; since then it has aimed to climb back up the league pyramid.
Phymatopus
Phymatopus (originally: Phalaena Noctua  Linnaeus, 1758) is a genus of moths of the family Hepialidae (commonly referred to as swift moths or ghost moths), which consists of around 700 species and 82 genera. The genus was erected by Hans Daniel Johan Wallengren in 1869. They can be found across Eurasia and North America. Species can be distinguished by the different morphology of male genitalia and different forewing patterns, which vary in stripe colour and size and arrangement of spots. The stripes themselves consist of spots separated by dark veins which are fringed by thin black lines from both inner and outer sides.

Primula
Primula (/ˈprɪmjʊlə/) is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. They include the primrose (P. vulgaris), a familiar wildflower of banks and verges. Other common species are P. auricula (auricula), P. veris (cowslip), and P. elatior (oxlip). These species and many others are valued for their ornamental flowers. They have been extensively cultivated and hybridised (in the case of the primrose, for many hundreds of years). Primula are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical mountains in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and New Guinea, and in temperate southern South America. Almost half of the known species are from the Himalayas.

Primula has over 500 species in traditional treatments, and more if certain related genera are included within its circumscription.
Oda Cinnamon Nobunaga
Oda Cinnamon Nobunaga (織田シナモン信長, Oda Shinamon Nobunaga) is a Japanese manga series by Una Megurogawa. It has been serialized in Tokuma Shoten's seinen manga magazine Monthly Comic Zenon, as well as the webmagazine Web Comic Zenyon, since June 2014 and has been collected in ten tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Studio Signpost premiered from January 10 to March 27, 2020.

Toshio Furukawa
Toshio Furukawa (古川 登志夫, Furukawa Toshio; born July 16, 1946 in Tochigi) is a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator affiliated with Aoni Production. He is married to fellow voice actress Shino Kakinuma.
Levine's sign
Levine's sign is a clenched fist held over the chest to describe ischemic chest pain.

It is named for Samuel A. Levine (1891–1966), an influential American cardiologist, who first observed that many patients with chest pain made this same sign to describe their symptoms. This clenched fist signal may be seen in patients with acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction and angina pectoris).

A variant of this sign, which uses the entire palm instead of the clenched fist over the chest, is commonly known as the palm sign, and in Latin America it is widely referred to as Cossio's sign, Cossio–Levine sign or Fuchs–Levine sign. Argentine cardiologist Pedro Alurralde Cossio (1900–1986) who described the sign in 1934. Brazilian cardiologist Flávio Danni Fuchs (b. 1950) is also attributed as having described the sign.

Thorax
The thorax (pl.: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen.

In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the body, each in turn composed of multiple segments.

The human thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. The chest may be affected by many diseases, of which the most common symptom is chest pain.
Castro–Stephens coupling
The Castro–Stephens coupling is a cross coupling reaction between a copper(I) acetylide and an aryl halide in pyridine, forming a disubstituted alkyne and a copper(I) halide.

The reaction was described in 1963 by chemists Castro and Stephens. The reaction is similar to the much older Rosenmund–von Braun synthesis (1914) between aryl halides and copper(I) cyanide and was itself modified in 1975 as the Sonogashira coupling by adding a palladium catalyst and preparing the organocopper compound in situ, allowing copper to also be used catalytically.

A typical reaction diphenylacetylene is obtained by the coupling of iodobenzene with CuC2C6H5 in hot pyridine:

Unlike the Sonogashira coupling, the Castro–Stephens coupling can produce heterocyclic compounds when a nucleophilic group is ortho to the aryl halide, although this typically requires use of dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent.

Copper(I) cyanide
Copper(I) cyanide (cuprous cyanide) is an inorganic compound with the formula CuCN. This off-white solid occurs in two polymorphs; impure samples can be green due to the presence of Cu(II) impurities.  The compound is useful as a catalyst, in electroplating copper, and as a reagent in the preparation of nitriles.
Lake Bob Sandlin State Park
Lake Bob Sandlin State Park is a state park in Titus County, Texas managed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The park covers 639.8 acres of land on the northern shore Lake Bob Sandlin about 10 miles southwest of Mount Pleasant.

Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
The Texas Parks & Wildlife Department (TPWD) is a Texas state agency that oversees and protects wildlife and their habitats.  In addition, the agency is responsible for managing the state's parks and historical areas.  Its mission is to manage and conserve the natural and cultural resources of Texas and to provide hunting, fishing, and outdoor recreation opportunities for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations.

The agency maintains its headquarters at 4200 Smith School Road in Austin, Texas.
Kendrick Lookout Tower and Cabin
The Kendrick Lookout Tower is a fire lookout in Arizona's Kaibab National Forest overlooking the Kendrick Mountain Wilderness and areas around Humphrey's Peak and Flagstaff. According to the Forest Service website, "When the lookout tower is open during summer months, the lookout operator usually welcomes visitors to visit the top of the tower to enjoy the views." However, the lookout tower appears to be damaged and likely abandoned as of June 2024.

The Kendrick Lookout Cabin was built in 1911 and first used as a fire lookout in 1912. The cabin has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 28, 1988. During both the Pumpkin Fire (2000) and the Boundary Fire (2017), the cabin was wrapped in a protective material to protect it. According to a sign near the Kendrick Peak Trail, "Both the historic cabin and lookout tower survived, but fire burned the cabin ruins along the Pumpkin Trail."

Kendrick Mountain Wilderness
Kendrick Mountain Wilderness is a 6,510-acre (26.3 km2) wilderness area in the U.S. State of Arizona. It lies north of the city of Flagstaff on the Coconino Plateau in Coconino County.  Kendrick Mountain Wilderness was designated a protected Wilderness area by Congress in 1984.  About two thirds of the wilderness is contained within the Kaibab National Forest.  Kendrick Mountain Wilderness contains 10,418-foot (3,175 m) Kendrick Peak, upon which a fire lookout has been located since the early 1900s.

In the year 2000 the Kendrick Wilderness and Kendrick Peak were substantially affected by a 15,000 acre (61 km2) wildfire, known as the "Pumpkin Fire", the results of which are still quite evident to hikers or visitors to the peak. In an effort to return the forest to its "pre-fire" state, cattle are sometimes grazed near the Kendrick Mountain Trail trailhead.
Pont de l'Iroise
The Pont de l'Iroise (French pronunciation: [pɔ̃ də liʁwaz], literally Bridge of the Iroise) is a cable-stayed bridge in Finistère, Brittany, France, which spans the Élorn river where it enters the roadstead of Brest. It carries route nationale 165, the road between Brest and Quimper, and connects Le Relecq-Kerhuon to the north with Plougastel-Daoulas to the south. The bridge is named after the Iroise Sea, into which the roadstead of Brest opens.

Le Relecq-Kerhuon
Le Relecq-Kerhuon (French pronunciation: [lə ʁəlɛk kɛʁyɔ̃]; Breton: Ar Releg-Kerhuon) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France.

Le Relecq-Kerhuon is located just east of Brest, France.
6144 Kondojiro
6144 Kondojiro (1994 EQ3) is an asteroid discovered on 14 March 1994 by Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at the Kitami Observatory in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. It is named after Jiro Kondo, a Japanese Egyptologist and professor of archaeology at Waseda University.

Kazuro Watanabe
Kazuo Watanabe (渡辺 和郎, Watanabe Kazuo; born May 1, 1955) is a Japanese amateur astronomer and prolific discoverer of minor planets. He was born in Hokkaidō, Japan and is a member of the Astronomical Society of Japan as well as of the Oriental Astronomical Association.

Through publications and the direction of junior associates, this asteroid hunter has been responsible for the discovery of nearly 700 asteroids, many of them in association with Kin Endate. He is the author or the co-author of the Japanese publications Asteroid Hunter (小惑星ハンター), Celestial Body Photography Manual (天体写真マニュアル), The Celestial Sky of Our Dreams (僕らの夢の星空), as well as others. He also is a frequent contributor to the Japanese periodical Monthly Astronomical Guide (月刊天文ガイド).

The minor planet 4155 Watanabe has been named in his honor.
Seattle University School of Law
Seattle University School of Law (formerly University of Puget Sound School of Law) is the law school affiliated with Seattle University, located in Seattle, Washington, United States.

The School is accredited by the American Bar Association and is a member of the Association of American Law Schools.  Alumni of Seattle University School of Law practice in all 50 U.S. states and 18 foreign countries. The law school offers degree programs for Juris Doctor (JD), Master of Laws (LLM) and Master of Studies in Law (MLS).

According to Seattle University School of Law's 2020 ABA-required disclosures, 86% of the class of 2020 obtained bar passage-required or JD-advantage employment nine months after graduation.

Washington State Senate
The Washington State Senate is the upper house of the Washington State Legislature. The body consists of 49 members, each representing a district with a population of approximately 160,000. The state senate meets at the Legislative Building in Olympia.

As with the lower House of Representatives, state senators serve without term limits, and senators serve four-year terms. Senators are elected from the same legislative districts as House members, with each district electing one senator and two representatives. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the state senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards.
Liverpool Warriors
Liverpool Warriors are an American soccer club based in the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex affiliated with Liverpool F.C. They previously fielded a team in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL). They played their games at various high school stadiums including 2,000 capacity John Clark Field in Plano, Texas. They discontinued fielding a NPSL team in 2017, but continue as a youth development program.

John Clark Stadium
John Clark Stadium (formerly John Clark Field) is a 14,224-capacity multi-use high school stadium in Plano, Texas. Mostly used for high school football and soccer, the stadium was built in 1977 and is owned by the Plano Independent School District. It is the home stadium of Plano Senior High School and Plano West Senior High School.
Melpa language
Melpa (Meldpa,  Mbowamb) is a Papuan language spoken by about 130,000 people predominantly in Mount Hagen and the surrounding district of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. It is spoken by the Kawelka people and other related tribes.

Melpa is a pandanus language used during karuka harvests. Melpa has a velar lateral, written as a double-barred el (Ⱡ, ⱡ). Melpa is notable for its binary counting system. A dictionary of Melpa has been compiled by Stewart, Strathern and Trantow (2011).

Mount Hagen District
Mount Hagen District is a district of the Western Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. Its capital is Mount Hagen.

At the 2000 census, the population of the district was 86,517 (44,460 males, 42,057 females in 19,214 households):

Subdistrict Mt. Hagen Rural: 58,735 (29,513 m, 29,222 f in 13,762 households)

Subdistrict Mt. Hagen Urban: 27,782 (14,947 m, 12,835 f in 5,452 households)
Suya, Benin
Suya is a town and arrondissement in the Borgou Department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Nikki. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 5353.

Nikki, Benin
Nikki [ni.ki] is a town, arrondissement, and commune located in the Borgou Department of Benin. The commune covers an area of 3171 square kilometres and as of 2002 had a population of 99,251 people.

Nikki is a major centre of the Batonuo people and is home to a traditional king, resident in the centre of the town. The Gaani royal festival is held in the town annually. Before the colonial era, Nikki was one of the main political centers of the Borgu federation.
Zolsky (rural locality)
Zolsky (Russian: Зо́льский; masculine), Zolskaya (Зо́льская; feminine), or Zolskoye (Зо́льское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Zolskoye, a selo in Zolsky District of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic

Zolskaya, a stanitsa in Zolsky Selsoviet of Kirovsky District of Stavropol Krai

Stanitsa
A stanitsa or stanitza (/stəˈniːtsə/ stə-NEET-sə; Russian: станица [stɐˈnʲitsə] ⓘ), also spelled stanytsia (Ukrainian: станиця [stɐˈnɪtsʲɐ]) or stanitsa (Belarusian: станіца [staˈnʲitsa]), was a historical administrative unit of a Cossack host, a type of Cossack polity that existed in the Russian Empire.
Explosion
An explosion is a rapid expansion in volume of a given amount of matter associated with an extreme outward release of energy, usually with the generation of high temperatures and release of high-pressure gases. Explosions may also be generated by a slower expansion that would normally not be forceful, but is not allowed to expand, so that when whatever is containing the expansion is broken by the pressure that builds as the matter inside tries to expand, the matter expands forcefully. An example of this is a volcanic eruption created by the expansion of magma in a magma chamber as it rises to the surface. Supersonic explosions created by high explosives are known as detonations and travel through shock waves. Subsonic explosions are created by low explosives through a slower combustion process known as deflagration.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Charles Plumier
Charles Plumier (French: [ʃaʁl ply.mje]; 20 April 1646 – 20 November 1704) was a French botanist after whom the frangipani genus Plumeria is named. Plumier is considered one of the most important of the botanical explorers of his time. He made three botanizing expeditions to the West Indies, which resulted in a massive work Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera (1703–1704) and was appointed botanist to King Louis XIV of France.

Journal des sçavans
The Journal des sçavans (later renamed Journal des savans and then Journal des savants, lit. 'Journal of the Learned'), established by Denis de Sallo, is the earliest academic journal published in Europe. It is thought to be the earliest published scientific journal. It currently focuses on European history and premodern literature.
Bonnie Lake (Alberta)
Bonnie Lake is a small lake in Alberta, Canada. It is located 6 km (3.7 mi) outside of Vilna, Alberta, north of Highway 28, and is part of the North Saskatchewan River basin.

The lake has a surface of 3.77 km2 (1.46 sq mi) and reaches a maximum depth of 6.1 m (20 ft), while the average depth is 3.1 m (10 ft). Bonnie Lake drains a total area of 49.6 km2 (19.2 sq mi). The lake drains through its south shore into Stony Creek which empties into the North Saskatchewan River.

Alberta Highway 28
Highway 28 is a 286-kilometre (178 mi) highway in north-central Alberta, Canada that connects Edmonton to Cold Lake. The highway is a component of Canada's National Highway System.  Between Highway 28A near Gibbons and the intersection with Highway 63 near Radway, it forms part of the Northeast Alberta Trade Corridor and is designated as a core route. For the remainder of the route from Radway to the eastern end at Cold Lake, it is designated as a feeder route.
Aubrey Beardsley
Aubrey Vincent Beardsley (/ˈbɪərdzli/ BEERDZ-lee; 21 August 1872 – 16 March 1898) was an English illustrator and author. His black ink drawings were influenced by Japanese woodcuts, and depicted the grotesque, the decadent, and the erotic. He was a leading figure in the aesthetic movement, which also included Oscar Wilde and James McNeill Whistler. Beardsley's contribution to the development of the Art Nouveau and poster styles was significant despite his early death from tuberculosis. He is one of the important Modern Style figures.

Alexander Pope
Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 O.S. – 30 May 1744) was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the Enlightenment era who is considered one of the most prominent English poets of the early 18th century. An exponent of Augustan literature,  Pope is best known for his satirical and discursive poetry including An Essay on Criticism (1711), The Rape of the Lock (1712–1717), The Dunciad (1728–1743), and for his translations of Homer.

Pope is often quoted in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, some of his verses having entered common parlance (e.g. "damning with faint praise" or "to err is human; to forgive, divine").
Roger De Koven
Roger De Koven (born Roger Bemet DeKoven; October 22, 1907 – January 28, 1988) was an American actor on stage, radio, television and film, known for his versatility, and, in particular, for his portrayals of Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. in the Broadway musical, Funny Girl, and of Professor Jason Allen in the landmark anti-war—and anti-Nazi—radio drama Against the Storm. H appeared frequently on Grand Central Station, Dimension X, and Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar, and—while employed as leading man/director of a stock company in the mid-1930s—directed the young Danny Kaye.

Dimension X (radio program)
Dimension X was an NBC radio program broadcast mostly on an unsponsored, sustaining basis from April 8, 1950, to September 29, 1951. The first 13 episodes were broadcast live, and the remainder were prerecorded. Fred Wiehe and Edward King were the directors, and Norman Rose was heard as both announcer and narrator, opening the show with: "Adventures in time and space... told [or transcribed] in future tense..." For two months, beginning on July 7, 1950, the series was sponsored by Wheaties.
Henry Thomas Duffy
Henry Thomas Duffy KC (May 29, 1852 – July 3, 1903) was a Canadian politician.

Born in L'Avenir, Canada East, the son of John Duffy and Mary Ann Mountain, Duffy received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature in 1876 and a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1878 from McGill College. He was called to the Quebec Bar in 1879 and practiced law in Sweetsburg, Quebec in the Eastern Townships.

Entering politics, he ran unsuccessfully as the Liberal candidate for a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in an 1889 by-election held in the electoral district of Brome. In 1894, he was elected mayor of Sweetsburg, a post which he held for some time. He was elected in the 1897 election in Brome and was appointed minister of public works in the cabinet of Félix-Gabriel Marchand. In 1900, he was made provincial treasurer in the cabinet of Simon-Napoléon Parent. He help balance the budget and achieved a surplus. He was acclaimed in the 1900 election. He died in office in 1903.

10th Quebec Legislature
The 10th Legislative Assembly of Quebec was the provincial legislature in Quebec, Canada that existed from December 7, 1900, to November 25, 1904. The Quebec Liberal Party led by Simon-Napoléon Parent was the governing party.
Cocoliche
Cocoliche is an Italian–Spanish contact language or pidgin that was spoken by Italian immigrants between 1870 and 1970 in Argentina (especially in Greater Buenos Aires) and from there spread to other urban areas nearby, such as La Plata, Rosario and Montevideo, Uruguay. In recent decades it has become more respected and even recorded in music and film. Traces of it may be found in Argentina, Brazil, Albania, Panama, Quebec, Uruguay, Venezuela, San Marcos, Cabo Verde and many other places.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.