hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Identity provider
An identity provider (abbreviated IdP, IDP, or idp) is a system entity that creates, maintains, and manages identity information for principals and also provides authentication services to relying applications within a federation or distributed network.
Identity providers offer user authentication as a service. Relying party applications, such as web applications, outsource the user authentication step to a trusted identity provider. Such a relying party application is said to be federated, that is, it consumes federated identity.

An identity provider is “a trusted provider that lets you use single sign-on (SSO) to access other websites.” SSO enhances usability by reducing password fatigue. It also provides better security by decreasing the potential attack surface.

Identity providers can facilitate connections between cloud computing resources and users, thus decreasing the need for users to re-authenticate when using mobile and roaming applications.

Password fatigue
Password fatigue is the feeling experienced by many people who are required to remember an excessive number of passwords as part of their daily routine, such as to log in to a computer at work, undo a bicycle lock or conduct banking from an automated teller machine. The concept is also known as password chaos, or more broadly as identity chaos.
2009 International Islamic University bombing
On 20 October 2009, at least six people, including three women, were killed, and as many as 29 people injured, 25 of them women, in twin suicide attacks at International Islamic University in the Pakistani capital Islamabad. Police said that the blasts at the university were caused by suicide bombers. This was the first-ever attack on students in the country since the start of 21st century terrorism in Pakistan in 2001.

Rehman Malik
Rehman Malik NI (Punjabi, Urdu: رحمان ملک) (12 December 1951 – 23 February 2022) was a Pakistani politician, and a former Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) officer, who later served as the federal Interior Minister from 25 March 2008 until 16 March 2013.
Eric Abraham (producer)
Eric Abraham (born March 1954) is a South African-British producer and former journalist and activist. Born and raised in South Africa, he moved in 1977 to England, where he lived in exile for 15 years for his reporting in opposition to the South African apartheid government in the press. He has since worked in theatre and screen, co-founding the London-based Portobello Productions as well as Cape Town's Isango Portobello and Fugard Theatre.

Kolya (film)
Kolya (Czech: Kolja) is a 1996 Czech drama film about a man whose life is reshaped in an unexpected way. The film was directed by Jan Svěrák and stars his father, Zdeněk Svěrák, who also wrote the script from a story by Pavel Taussig. Kolya earned critical acclaim and won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
1904 College Football All-Southern Team
The 1904 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations for the 1904 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.

In Dan McGugin and Mike Donahue's first year as head coach, Vanderbilt and Auburn shared the SIAA championship, challenging John Heisman's eminence in the South.

Henry D. Phillips
Henry Disbrow Phillips (January 16, 1882 – June 29, 1955) was an American Episcopal bishop (1938–1955) and college football player and coach (1900–1909). Sportswriter Fuzzy Woodruff called him "the greatest football player who ever sank cleated shoes into a chalk line south of the Mason-Dixon line."
Rosalina Santoro
Rosalina Anastasia Santoro Estrada (born 30 July 2002) is an Ecuadorian footballer who plays as a forward for American college team Alcorn State Lady Braves and the Ecuador women's national under-20 team. Born in the United States, she has previously played for the senior Dominican Republic women's national team.

Alcorn State Braves and Lady Braves
The Alcorn State Braves and Lady Braves represent Alcorn State University in Lorman, Mississippi in intercollegiate athletics. They field 15 teams including men's and women's basketball, cross country, golf, tennis, and track and field; women's-only soccer, softball, and volleyball; and men's-only baseball and football. The Braves compete in NCAA Division I and are members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
2003 National League Division Series
The 2003 National League Division Series (NLDS), the first round of the National League side in Major League Baseball’s 2003 postseason, began on Tuesday, September 30, and ended on Sunday, October 5, with the champions of the three NL divisions—along with a "wild card" team—participating in two best-of-five series. The teams were:

(1) Atlanta Braves (Eastern Division champion, 101–61) vs. (3) Chicago Cubs (Central Division champion, 88–74): Cubs win series, 3–2.

(2) San Francisco Giants (Western Division champion, 100–61) vs. (4) Florida Marlins (Wild Card, 91–71): Marlins win series, 3–1.

The Cubs and Marlins met in the NL Championship Series, with the Marlins winning in seven games. They went on to win the 2003 World Series, defeating the American League champion New York Yankees in six games.

Aramis Ramírez
Aramis Nin Ramírez (/əˈrɑːmɪs/; born June 25, 1978) is a Dominican former professional baseball third baseman, who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, and Milwaukee Brewers. He was named an All-Star three times during his career.

He started his professional career with the Pirates in 1998, before being traded to the Chicago Cubs in 2003. On November 12, 2006, Ramírez signed a five-year deal with the Cubs. On December 12, 2011, he signed a three-year contract with the Milwaukee Brewers. On July 23, 2015, he was traded back to Pittsburgh exactly 12 years after they first traded him, where he would finish the remainder of his final season.
Future of American Democracy Foundation
The Future of American Democracy Foundation is an American nonprofit, nonpartisan public policy foundation dedicated to research and education, working in partnership with the Yale University Press to clarify and analyze contemporary US domestic and foreign policy.  Board members include distinguished scholars and experts with various political affiliations and beliefs.  Board members include Jonathan Brent, Editorial Director of Yale University Press; Norton Garfinkle, former chairman of the George Washington University Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies; Thomas E. Mann of the Brookings Institution; Norman J. Ornstein, Emeritus scholar at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research; Hugh Price, formerly president of the National Urban League; Alan Wolfe  of Boston College; and Ruth A. Wooden.

Thomas E. Mann
Thomas E. Mann (born September 10, 1944) is the W. Averell Harriman Chair and a senior fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution, a non-partisan think tank based in Washington, D.C.  He primarily studies and speaks on U.S. elections, campaign finance reform, Senate and filibuster reform, Congress, redistricting, and political polarization.
Giuseppe Ricciardi
Count Giuseppe Napoleone Ricciardi of Camaldoli (Naples, 19 July 1808 – Naples, 1 June 1882) was an Italian man of letters, patriot, politician and publisher, exponents of romantic ideals and political radicalism during the period of unification of Italy.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
QF 6-pounder Nordenfelt
The QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt was a light 57 mm naval gun and coast defence gun of the late 19th century used by many countries.

Note that this gun should not be confused with the short-barreled 57 mm Cockerill-Nordenfelt "Canon de caponnière" or fortification gun, which was used to arm the German A7V tank in World War I.

Nordenfelt guns can be visually differentiated from equivalent and similar Hotchkiss guns by having slimmer barrels than the Hotchkiss, hence the Nordenfelt was considerably lighter.

A7V
The Sturmpanzerwagen A7V was a heavy tank introduced by Germany in 1918 during World War I. One hundred chassis were ordered in early 1917, ten to be finished as fighting vehicles with armoured bodies, and the remainder as Überlandwagen cargo carriers. The number to be armoured was later increased to 20. They were used in action from March to October 1918, and were the only tanks produced by Germany in World War I to be used in combat, as well as being the first operational German tank. Although various German armoured vehicle proposals were shown a modest amount of support early in the war, enthusiasm among German high command was low and they were given little funding and attention. The sudden appearance of the British Mark series of tanks causing panic amongst the German infantry led this to be reconsidered however, and development on the German tank program began.
Barbara Niven
Barbara Lee Niven (née Bucholz; born February 26, 1953) is an American actress, writer, and producer, best known for her performances in Hallmark and Lifetime movies, and for television roles in Pensacola: Wings of Gold, One Life to Live, Cedar Cove, and Chesapeake Shores. Niven had the leading role in the independent film A Perfect Ending (2012). She is also a motivational speaker, media trainer and animal rights activist, and a National Ambassador for American Humane.

Hallmark Mystery
Hallmark Mystery (formerly known as Hallmark Movie Channel (HMC) and Hallmark Movies & Mysteries (HMM)) is an American digital cable and satellite television channel owned by Hallmark Media, a subsidiary of Hallmark Cards. The channel was spun off from sister network Hallmark Channel, and airs family-oriented feature and television films along with a limited number of murder- and mystery-themed television series.

As of February 2015, Hallmark Movies & Mysteries is available to approximately 55,827,000 pay television households (48% of households with television) in the United States.
Khamenlok clash
The Khamenlok clash occurred during 12–14 June 2023, in the course of 2023–2025 Manipur violence between the Meitei and Kuki people, in the Khamenlok river valley, a branch valley of the Iril River valley, in the Saikul subdivision of Kangpokpi district. An estimated mob of 3,000 Meitei assailants, some with sophisticated weapons, launched an attack on the Kuki villages in the Khamenlok valley, over a period of three days, burning houses and rampaging the area. While the Kuki villagers escaped to the hills on arrival of the assailants, security forces were blocked from reaching the area by women activist groups. Finally, on the night of 13–14 June, while the assailants were celebrating in a church building, the Kuki terrorists descended from the hills and carried out a wholesale massacre of the Meitei mobs.

Arambai Tenggol
Arambai Tenggol (Meitei for "dart wielding cavalry") is a Meitei activist organisation in the Indian state of Manipur founded by Manipur's titular king and Rajya Sabha member Leishemba Sanajaoba, who also remains as its chairman. Arambai Tenggol has been described as a radical organisation, or as a radicalised armed militia. It is also a revivalist organisation that aims to reestablish the pre-Hindu, native Sanamahi religion among the Meiteis. It enjoys the patronage of the titular king Leishemba Sanajaoba as well as the former chief minister N. Biren Singh. During the  2023–2025 Manipur violence, members of the Kuki-Zo community blamed it for having carried out deadly attacks against them. In January 2024, the organisation demonstrated  its influence by summoning all the elected Meitei legislators of the state for a meeting to deliberate on the defence of Meiteis in the prevailing conflict.
Edward Green & Co.
Edward Green is an English shoemaker founded in 1890. Edward Green is based in Northampton, England. The level of handwork involved in production is very high and only around 250 pairs of shoes are completed a week.

During the 1930s, Edward Green was one of the largest manufacturers of officers' boots for the British Army. Their shoes have also been selected by such clients as the Duke of Windsor, Ernest Hemingway and Cole Porter.

Edward Green shoes are available from their own shops in Jermyn Street in London and on the Boulevard St Germain in Paris, as well as stores around the world such as Double Monk in Melbourne, Isetan in Japan, Matches in Wimbledon Village, Leffot in New York City, Tassels in Hong Kong and Unipair in Seoul.

Jermyn Street
Jermyn Street is a one-way street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster in London, England. It is to the south of, parallel, and adjacent to Piccadilly. Jermyn Street is known as a street for gentlemen's-clothing retailers in the West End.
Naomi D. Rothwell
Naomi Doniger "Donny" Rothwell (August 18, 1917 – July 12, 2000) was the chief of the Center for Survey Methods Research for the United States Census Bureau, where in the mid-1960s she began the use of behavioral research to understand census response rates.
She was also the co-author of The Psychiatric Halfway House: A Case Study (with Joan M. Doniger, C. C. Thomas, 1966).

Behavioural sciences
Behavioural science is the branch of science concerned with theorizing on, categorizing, and judging human behaviour. It sits in the interstice between fields such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, behavioral biology, behavioral genetics and social science. While the term can technically be applied to the study of behaviour amongst all living organisms, it is nearly always used with reference to humans as the primary target of investigation (though animals may be studied in some instances, e.g. invasive techniques).
Bayou Macon
Bayou Macon is a bayou in Arkansas and Louisiana. It begins in Desha County, Arkansas, and flows south, between the Boeuf River to its west and the Mississippi River to its east, before joining Joe's Bayou south of Delhi in Richland Parish, Louisiana. Bayou Macon is about 218 miles (351 km) long.

The bayou area saw action during the American Civil War including from the 1st Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry in May 1863 in the areas then known as Caledonia and Pin Hook.

The Bayou Macon Wildlife Management Area comprises 6,919 acres in East Carroll Parish and was acquired by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries in 1991.

East Carroll Parish, Louisiana
East Carroll Parish (French: Paroisse de Carroll Est) is a parish located in the Mississippi Delta in northeastern Louisiana. As of 2020, its population was 7,459. The parish seat is Lake Providence. An area of cotton plantations in the antebellum era, the parish in the early 21st century has about 74% of its land devoted to agriculture.
HD 85390
HD 85390 is a star with an exoplanet companion in the southern constellation of Vela. It was given the proper name Natasha by Zambia during the 100th anniversary of the IAU. Natasha means "thank you" in many languages of Zambia. This star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 8.54. It is located at a distance of 109 light-years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of 33 km/s.

The stellar classification of HD 85390 is K1.5V, showing this to be a K-type main-sequence star. It is an older star with age estimates of 7–9 billion years, and is not considered chromospherically active. The star is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 2 km/s. It is smaller, cooler, dimmer, and less massive than the Sun, but the metallicity is near solar.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
Fence Lake (Wisconsin)
Fence Lake is a 3,483 acre lake in Vilas County, Wisconsin. The communities of Marlands and Lac du Flambeau border the lake. The fish present in the lake are Muskellunge, Panfish, Largemouth Bass, Smallmouth Bass, Northern Pike, Trout and Walleye.

Fish

Musky (Common)

Panfish (Common)

Smallmouth Bass (Common)

Northern Pike (Common)

Walleye (Common)

Largemouth Bass (Present)

Trout (Present)

Muskellunge
The muskellunge (Esox masquinongy), often shortened to muskie, musky, ski, or lunge, is a species of large freshwater predatory fish native to North America. It is the largest member of the pike family, Esocidae.
Jopie Waalberg
Johanna Maria Elisabeth "Jopie" Waalberg (13 April 1920 – 5 July 1979) was a Dutch breaststroke swimmer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics and was the first woman to swim the 200 meter breaststroke under 3 minutes.

In 1936, she finished fifth in the 200 metre breaststroke event, the single breaststroke event until the 1968 Olympics. At the 1938 European Aquatics Championships in London she won a bronze medal on the same distance.

On 11 May 1937, she broke Hideko Maehata's four-year-old breaststroke record by 0.2 seconds (3:00.2). On 27 June of that year, in Zaandijk, she improved on that record by more than 2 seconds to 2:58.0. She improved her own world record once more on 2 October to 2:56.9. She further held world records in the unconventional distances of 200 yard, 400 m and 500 m breaststroke.

Zaandijk
Zaandijk (Dutch pronunciation: [zaːnˈdɛik]) is a town in the municipality of Zaanstad, province of North Holland, Netherlands. It lies about 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) northwest of Amsterdam and had a population of 8,686 in 2017. Zaandijk is one of the smallest villages in Zaanstad, having a surface area of 209 hectare.
Peter Kirichek
Peter Kirichek (Russian: Пётр Тихонович Киричек, Pyotr Tikhonovich Kirichek; 1902 — 1968) was a Soviet singer, a bass-baritone. After graduating from the Moscow Conservatory, he worked as a soloist at the Bolshoi Theater (1934–1944) and then mostly toured with programs devoted to romances and contemporary Soviet songs. He was awarded the title of Meritorious Artist of the RSFSR in 1960. Kirichek performed or recorded such songs as "March of the Soviet Tankmen" ("Марш советских танкистов"), "Anthem of the International Union of Students" ("Гимн международного союза студентов"), "Goodbye, Rocky Mountains" ("Прощайте, скалистые горы"). Composer Anatoly Novikov praised him as a real tribune and a real fighter who didn't care about the conditions under which he had to sing, who performed in factories, at field camps and on ships and gave about 1,500 concerts on the front line during the Great Patriotic War.

March of the Soviet Tankmen
The "March of the Soviet Tankmen" (Russian: Марш советских танкистов, romanized: Marsh sovetskikh tankistov) is a 1939 Soviet military march song composed by the Pokrass brothers and with lyrics by Boris Savelyevich Laskin (Борис Савельевич Ласкин), whose debut was in the 1939 movie Tractor Drivers, in which the role of Klim Yarko is played by Nikolai Kryuchkov. Later the song was used in World War II short titled "Fascist Jackboots Shall Not Trample Our Motherland" by Ivanov-Vano (1941). Valery Dunaevsky commented that the song "was full of fighting spirit" in his book A Daughter of the "Enemy of the People" (2015).
Medved (rural locality)
Medved (Russian: Медведь) is the name of several rural localities in Novgorod Oblast, Russia:

Medved, Malovishersky District, Novgorod Oblast, a village in Burginskoye Settlement of Malovishersky District

Medved, Shimsky District, Novgorod Oblast, a selo in Medvedskoye Settlement of Shimsky District

Novgorod Oblast
Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Новгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Novgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including Veliky Novgorod and Staraya Russa, are located in the oblast. The historic monuments of Veliky Novgorod and surroundings have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Population: 583,387 (2021 Census).
Principense Creole
Principense Creole (endonym: Lunguyê) is a Portuguese-based creole language spoken in São Tomé and Príncipe, specifically the island of Príncipe. There are two Portuguese creoles on the island of São Tomé, Angolar and Forro. Today, younger generations of São Toméans are not likely to speak Principense, which has led to its fast decline and moribund status. It is mostly spoken by the elderly (Ethnologue gives a figure of approximately 200 native speakers in total), while most of the island's community speaks noncreole Portuguese; some also speak another, closely related creole, Forro.

Principense presents many similarities with the Forro on São Tomé and may be regarded as a Forro dialect. Like Forro, it is a creole language heavily lexified by Portuguese with substrates of Bantu and Kwa.

São Tomé (island)
São Tomé, at 854 km2 (330 sq mi), is the largest island of São Tomé and Príncipe and is home in May 2018 to about 193,380 or 96% of the nation's population. The island is divided into six districts. It is located 2 km (1¼ miles) north of the equator.
John Roper (baseball)
John Christopher Roper (born November 21, 1971) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher. He played in parts of three seasons in the majors, from 1993 until 1995, for the Cincinnati Reds and San Francisco Giants. Roper was drafted in the 12th round of the 1990 MLB draft out of Hoke County High School in Raeford, North Carolina.

1990 Major League Baseball draft
The 1990 Major League Baseball draft was held in June 1990.  The draft placed amateur baseball players onto major league teams. 1,487 players were distributed to 26 teams. The draft consisted of first round selections, supplemental first round selections, compensation picks, and many more rounds, in fact, it went a record 101 rounds with 40 first round selections. With a league-worst record of 65 wins and 97 losses in the 1989 MLB Season, the Atlanta Braves selected shortstop, Chipper Jones out of the Bolles School with the first pick of the draft. Nine NBA and NFL players were drafted in 1990. Seven of the first 10 picks were selected directly out of high school.