hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peperomia vinasiana
Peperomia vinasiana is a species of epiphyte or lithophyte plant from the genus Peperomia. It was first described by Casimir de Candolle and the species was published in the book "Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique 30(1): 231. 1891[1892]". It grows mainly on the wet tropical biomes.

Lithophyte
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.  Epilithic (or epipetric) lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic (or chasmophytes) lithophytes grow in the cracks or crevices of rocks. Obligate lithophytes grow solely on rocks, while facultative lithophytes will grow partially on a rock and on another substrate simultaneously.
Gustave Verbeek
Gustave Verbeek (Dutch: [fərˈbeːk]; born Gustave Verbeck Dutch: [fərˈbɛk]; August 29, 1867 – December 5, 1937) was a Japanese-born American illustrator and cartoonist of Dutch ancestry, best known for his newspaper cartoons in the early 1900s featuring an inventive use of word play and visual storytelling tricks.

Sunday Press Books
Sunday Press Books is an American publisher of comic strip reprint collections founded in 2005 by Peter Maresca. The company is known as a respected reprinter of comic strips and has to date won four Eisner Awards and two Harvey Awards. Since 2022 the company is partnered with Fantagraphics in distribution and marketing.
Septogloeum potentillae
Septogloeum potentillae is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen infecting strawberries. The species' validity is considered unconfirmed by GBIF, as it has very few occurrences, and has not been described in published literature for over a century.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
George Goring (died 1594)
George Goring (after 1522 – 1594) was an English politician.

He was the second son of Sir William Goring of Burton Park, Sussex.

He was appointed High Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex for 1578–79.

He was a Member of the Parliament of England (MP) for Lewes in 1559 and 1563. He was appointed receiver-general of the Court of Wards for life on 3 July 1584. He built Pelham House in Lewes and purchased a number of manors elsewhere in Sussex, including Danny Park in 1582. He lavishly extended Danny House in 1593, using funds collected in his capacity as Receiver of the Court of Wards, which were rightfully revenues of the Crown. The house is now a Grade I listed building.

He married Mary, the daughter and coheiress of William Everard, and the widow of Richard Bellingham, with whom he had 2 sons and 2 daughters. His eldest son and heir George was also MP for Lewes. His daughter Dorothy married firstly the wealthy ironmaster Sir Henry Bowyer, and secondly Sir John Shurley MP.

Burton Park
Burton Park is a 19th-century country house in the civil parish of Duncton in West Sussex, and is situated  1/2 a mile to the east of the village of Duncton, within its own estate. It is a Grade I listed building, now converted into multiple occupation.
Perfluoroethylamine
Perfluoroethylamine is an organofluoride.  It is perfluorinated ethylamine.  Like other N-F containing compounds, it is obscure.  Small amounts are formed by the reaction of tetrafluoroethylene and nitrogen trifluoride.

Ethylamine
Ethylamine, also known as ethanamine, is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH2NH2.  This colourless gas has a strong ammonia-like odor.  It condenses just below room temperature to a liquid miscible with virtually all solvents. It is a nucleophilic base, as is typical for amines.  Ethylamine is widely used in chemical industry and organic synthesis. It is a DEA list I chemical by 21 CFR § 1310.02.
15th Dáil
The 15th Dáil was elected at the 1954 general election on 14 May 1954 and met on 2 June 1954. The members of Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature), of Ireland are known as TDs. It sat with the 8th Seanad as the two Houses of the Oireachtas.

On 12 February 1957, President Seán T. O'Kelly dissolved the Dáil at the request of the Taoiseach John A. Costello on 4 February. The 15th Dáil lasted 2 years, 255 days.

Oireachtas
The Oireachtas (/ˈɛrəktəs/ EH-rək-təs; Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ]), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland. The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas (Irish: Tithe an Oireachtais): a lower house called Dáil Éireann and an upper house called Seanad Éireann.

The houses of the Oireachtas sit in Leinster House in Dublin, an eighteenth-century ducal palace. The directly elected Dáil is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas.
John Claus Hubbard
John Claus Hubbard (November 4, 1852 – November 4, 1907) was a prominent African-American political figure in Omaha, Nebraska's history. In 1886, he founded the first Black newspaper in Omaha and was the first recorded Black candidate to run for office in Nebraska. As an attorney, he defended many people of color in vagrancy cases. He was arrested for vagrancy himself and filed for a writ of habeas corpus in 1898.

Vagrancy
Vagrancy is the condition of wandering homelessness without regular employment or income. Vagrants usually live in poverty and support themselves by travelling while engaging in begging,  scavenging, or petty theft. In Western countries, vagrancy was historically a crime punishable with forced labor, military service, imprisonment, or confinement to dedicated labor houses.

Both vagrant and vagabond ultimately derive from the Latin word  vagari, meaning "to wander". The term vagabond and its archaic equivalent vagabone come from Latin vagabundus ("strolling about"). In Middle English, vagabond originally denoted a person without a home or employment.
Raid on Salamaua (1942)
The Raid on Salamaua was a conducted by Australian commandoes during the New Guinea campaign of World War II on 28 June 1942. It has been called the first offensive action on land against the Japanese in World War II. The raid was undertaken by 2/5th Independent Company under the command of Captain Norman Winning. According to one account, "The raid has been acclaimed as a copybook action for its diligent scouting, meticulous planning and audacious, multi-pronged attack against an enemy force 10 times the attackers' strength. All without loss of life."

2/5th Commando Squadron (Australia)
The 2/5th Commando Squadron was one of twelve independent companies and or commando squadrons of the Australian Army formed for service during World War II. Initially formed in 1942 as the "2/5th Independent Company", the 2/5th served in New Guinea, taking part in a major commando raid on Salamaua in June 1942. It was later withdrawn from New Guinea and reformed as the "2/5th Cavalry (Commando) Squadron", as part of the 2/7th Cavalry (Commando) Regiment which saw service in Borneo in 1945. It was disbanded in early 1946.
Murder of Zhang Hong Jie
Zhang Hong Jie (1979–2004), also known as Steffi Zhang, was a 24-year-old international student studying communications at the University of Canberra in Australia when she was murdered in June 2004 by her ex-boyfriend Zhang Long, who fled to China. Six months later, her body was found in her flat in Belconnen in January 2005.

After an impasse between the Australian Government, the Australian Capital Territory, and Chinese officials over the lack of an extradition treaty and the possibility of Long being executed upon conviction in China, an agreement was reached in 2007 to not impose the death penalty. In 2009, Long was sentenced to life in prison after being convicted.

The circumstances of her death and length of time before her body was discovered made national headlines, sparking debate over the duty of care Australian universities provide to foreign students.

International student
International students or exchange students, also known as foreign students, are students who undertake all or part of their secondary or tertiary education in a country other than their own.

In 2022, there were over 6.9 million international students, up from 5.12 million in 2016. The most popular destinations were in the Anglosphere. Three countries in particular received 39% of international students: the United States (with 1,126,690 international students), Canada (842,760 students), and the United Kingdom (758,855 students).
Ángel Loustalot
Scouting portal

Ángel Loustalot was one of the pioneers of Cuban Scouting. In 1914, the first Scout groups in Cuba were founded, and Jules Loustalot, Miguel Ángel Quevedo, Carlos Alzugarai and others wrote up the statutes and began Scout activities.

The first troops of Boy Scouts in Cuba met under the sponsorship of the American Legion, the Mother's Club del Vedado and the electric generating plant of the Compañía Cubana de Electricidad. Angel Loustalot, the son of Jules Loustalot, was commissioner for other pioneers of the Scout Movement, Enrique Quintana, Dr. Moisés Boudé, Domingo Romeo Jaime and Oscar Poey Bonachea.

Scout (Scouting)
A Scout, Boy Scout, Girl Scout, or, in some countries, a Pathfinder is a participant in the Scout Movement, usually aged 10–18 years, who engages in learning scoutcraft and outdoor and other special interest activities. Some Scout organizations have split this wide age group development span into junior and senior programs. Scouts are often organized into patrols of about 6–8 Scouts under a patrol leader with a number of patrols forming a larger troop under the guidance of one or more adult leaders or Scoutmasters. Many troops are affiliated with local, national and international organizations. Some Scout organizations have special interest programs such as Air Scouts, Sea Scouts, high adventure, Scout bands, mounted scouts and cyclist Scouts. In the United States there were around 6 million scouts in 2011.
Papaver stipitatum
Papaver stipitatum is a botanical synonym of two species of plant:

Papaver rhoeas, synonym published in 1909 by Friedrich Fedde

Papaver somniferum, synonym published in 1835 by Louis Cincinnatus Sévérin Léon Hussenot

Papaver rhoeas
Papaver rhoeas, with common names including common poppy, corn poppy, corn rose, field poppy, Flanders poppy, red poppy, and Odai, is an annual herbaceous species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is native to north Africa and temperate Eurasia and is introduced into temperate areas on all other continents except Antarctica.

It is regarded as an agricultural weed (hence the common names including "corn" and "field"). As the plant thrives in areas of disturbed soil, it was often abundant in agricultural fields before the advent of herbicides. Flushes of poppies may still appear in fields where herbicides are not used, as well as those in fallow. The corn poppy and its cultivars such as the Shirley poppy are widely grown in gardens, and are frequently found in packets of seed labelled "wildflower mixes". Since World War I, it has been used in the Commonwealth as a symbol of remembrance for fallen soldiers because it commonly grew in fields disturbed by war.
Zygaenidae
The Zygaenidae moths are a family of Lepidoptera. The majority of zygaenids are tropical, but they are nevertheless quite well represented in temperate regions. Some of the 1000 or so species are commonly known as burnet or forester moths, often qualified by the number of spots, although other families also have 'foresters'. They are also sometimes called smoky moths.

All 43 species of Australian zygaenids are commonly known as foresters and belong to the tribe Artonini. The only nonendemic species in Australia is Palmartona catoxantha, a Southeast Asian pest species which is believed to be already present in Australia or likely to arrive soon.

Rupelian
The Rupelian, in the geologic timescale, the older of two ages or the lower of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 33.9 and 27.3 Ma. It is preceded by the Priabonian Stage (part of the Eocene) and is followed by the Chattian Stage. The Rupelian is also known, informally, as the early Oligocene  and lower Oligocene.
Battle of Carrhae (296)
The Battle of Carrhae, also known as the Battle of Callinicum, took place in 296 or 297, after the invasion of Mesopotamia and Armenia by the Sasanian king Narseh. The battle took place between Carrhae (Harran) and Callinicum (al-Raqqah) and was a victory for the Sasanians. Narseh attacked with forces recruited from the Euphrates frontier. He managed to defeat his opponent by good timing.

Galerius and Tiridates III of Armenia escaped with a remnant of their forces. Galerius met Diocletian in Antioch. Eutropius and Theophanes the Confessor have recorded versions of a celebrated story regarding a public humiliation of Galerius by Diocletian, though the latter retained Galerius in command.

Diocletian later sent reinforcements for Galerius, and the latter managed to defeat the Sassanids two years later at the Battle of Satala.

Eutropius (historian)
Flavius Eutropius (fl. 363–387) was a Roman official and historian. His book Breviarium Historiae Romanae summarizes events from the founding of Rome in the 8th century BC down to the author's lifetime. Appreciated by later generations for its clear presentation and writing style, the Breviarium can be used as a supplement to more comprehensive Roman historical texts that have survived in fragmentary condition.
Peter Kharischirashvili
Peter Kharischirashvili (in Georgian: პეტრე ხარისჭირაშვილი / ხარისჭარაშვილი, born in 1804 or 1805 in Akhaltsikhe, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire – 7 October 1890 in Constantinople) was a Georgian Catholic hieromonk, theologian, scientist and founder of the Servites of the Immaculate Conception.

Hieromonk
A hieromonk, also called a priestmonk, is a person who is both monk and priest in the Eastern Christian tradition.

A hieromonk can be either a monk who has been ordained to the priesthood or a priest who has received monastic tonsure. When a married priest's wife dies, it is not uncommon for him to become a monk, since the Church forbids clergy to enter into a second marriage after ordination and can be no longer promoted to any higher grade.

Ordination to the priesthood is the exception rather than the rule for monastics, as a monastery will usually only have as many hieromonks and hierodeacons as it needs to perform the daily services.

In the church hierarchy, a hieromonk is of higher dignity than a hierodeacon, just as a secular (i.e., married) priest is of higher dignity than a deacon. Within their own ranks, hieromonks are assigned order of precedence according to the date of their ordination. Ranking above a hieromonk are a hegumen and an archimandrite.
Silna
Silna [ˈɕilna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pszczew, within Międzyrzecz County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.

Silna was a private church village, administratively located in the Poznań County in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.

Międzyrzecz County
Międzyrzecz County (Polish: Powiat międzyrzecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Międzyrzecz, which lies 48 km (30 mi) south-east of Gorzów Wielkopolski and 68 km (42 mi) north of Zielona Góra. The county also contains the towns of Skwierzyna, lying 19 km (12 mi) north of Międzyrzecz, and Trzciel, 25 km (16 mi) south-east of Międzyrzecz.

The county covers an area of 1,387.61 square kilometres (535.76 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 57,851, out of which the population of Międzyrzecz is 17,994, that of Skwierzyna is 9,671, that of Trzciel is 2,391, and the rural population is 27,795.
I Write You a Love Song
"I Write You a Love Song" was a single released from Izabella Scorupco's 1991/1992 album IZA. The song was written by Ole Evenrude.

With lyrics in Swedish by Mona Gustafsson, as "Jag sjunger för dig", the song was recorded by Leif Bloms, releasing it as a 1991 single. and by Helene & gänget, which the same year was released as a B-side for the single En enkel resa.

The song was also recorded by Charlotte Nilsson in 1999 on her solo album Charlotte, and by Barbados in the year 2000 on the album When the Summer is Gone.

The Leif Bloms version failed to enter Svensktoppen on 4 May 1991.

Jerry Williams (singer)
Erik Sven Fernström (15 April 1942 – 25 March 2018), known by his stage name Jerry Williams, was a Swedish singer and actor. He began his career as the lead singer of The Violents, before launching a solo career.
J. R. Salamanca
Jack Richard Salamanca (born December 20, 1922, in  St. Petersburg, Florida — October 30, 2013, in Potomac, Maryland)  was an American writer and professor emeritus at the University of Maryland. His first novel, The Lost Country (1958), was made into Wild in the Country, a 1961 film starring Elvis Presley; his second, Lilith, was filmed as Lilith in 1964, starring Warren Beatty.

Potomac, Maryland
Potomac (/pəˈtoʊmək/ ⓘ) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 47,018. It is named after the nearby Potomac River. A part of the Washington metropolitan area, many Potomac residents work in nearby Washington, D.C., and Northern Virginia.
Plectrohyla avia
Plectrohyla avia, also known as the greater spikethumb frog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It occurs in Guatemala and Mexico and is found on the Pacific slopes of the Sierra Madre between southeastern Chiapas (Mexico) and southwestern Guatemala.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Matej Češík
Matej Češík (born 26 June 1988) is a Slovak professional ice hockey player who plays for HK Spišská Nová Ves of the Slovak 1. Liga. He previously played in the Slovak Extraliga for HC Slovan Bratislava, HC '05 Banská Bystrica and HC Košice.

HC MONACObet Banská Bystrica
HC '05 Banská Bystrica, known as HC MONACObet Banská Bystrica since the 2024–25 season for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Slovak ice hockey club based in Banská Bystrica, Slovakia. They are three-time winners of the Slovak Extraliga and they have won the second-tier Slovak 1. Liga four times. The team is nicknamed Barani, which means Rams in English.
Michael Prendergast (MP)
Michael George Prendergast (died 1834) was an Irish politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 19 April 1809 to 2 May 1831, representing at various times the constituencies of Westbury, Gatton, Galway Borough and Saltash.

Westbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Westbury was a parliamentary constituency in Wiltshire from 1449 to 2010. It was represented in the House of Commons of England until 1707, and then in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and finally in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 2010.

Until 1885, it was a parliamentary borough, returning two Members of Parliament (MPs) until 1832 and only one from 1832 to 1885. The parliamentary borough was abolished in 1885, when the name was transferred to a county constituency returning one MP.  Elections used the bloc vote system when two MPs were returned, and the first-past-the-post system of election when one seat was contested.

Westbury returned a Conservative Member at every election after 1924.
Iefke van Belkum
Iefke van Belkum (born 22 July 1986) is a water polo player of the Netherlands who represents the Dutch national team in international competitions.

Van Belkum was part of the team that became 10th at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal. At the 2006 FINA Women's Water Polo World League in Cosenza and the 2006 Women's European Water Polo Championship in Belgrade they finished in fifth place, followed by the 9th spot at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships in Melbourne. The Dutch team finished in fifth place at the 2008 Women's European Water Polo Championship in Málaga and they qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. There they ended up winning the gold medal on 21 August, beating the United States 9-8 in the final.

She has played for the Greek clubs Ethnikos Piraeus, where she won the LEN Trophy in 2010, and Olympiacos, where she won the Greek Championship in 2011, scoring 5 goals in the final game of the best-of-five final series.

2008 Women's European Water Polo Championship
The 2008 Women's European Water Polo Championship was the twelve edition of the  bi-annual event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place in the Aquatic Centre Málaga in Málaga, Spain from July 5 to July 12, 2008.
Rudolf Podgornik
Rudolf Podgornik (27 August 1955 – 28 December 2024) was a Slovenian theoretical physicist.

Podgornik was an emeritus professor at the University of Ljubljana, and at the time of his death held a chair professorship at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is best known for his work on soft matter physics, physics of Coulombic fluids, physics of  macromolecular interactions, Lifshitz theory of Casimir–van der Waals dispersion interaction, Casimir effect, physics of membranes, polymers and polyelectrolytes and physics of DNA, RNA and viruses.

Macromolecule
A macromolecule is a "molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass." Polymers are physical examples of macromolecules. Common macromolecules are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates), polyolefins (polyethylene) and polyamides (nylon).
Dichloro(1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)nickel
Dichloro[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]nickel is a coordination complex with the formula NiCl2(dppe); where dppe is the diphosphine 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane. It is used as a reagent and as a catalyst. The compound is a bright orange-red diamagnetic solid.  The complex adopts a square planar geometry.

It is prepared by combining equimolar portions of nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate with dppe:

Ni(H2O)6Cl2  +  dppe   →   NiCl2(dppe)  +  6 H2O

Square planar molecular geometry
In chemistry, the square planar molecular geometry describes the stereochemistry (spatial arrangement of atoms) that is adopted by certain chemical compounds. As the name suggests, molecules of this geometry have their atoms positioned at the corners.
2019 Super Rugby final
The 2019 Super Rugby Final was played between the Crusaders of New Zealand and the Jaguares of Argentina. It was the 24th final in the Super Rugby competition's history. The Crusaders had qualified in first place on the regular season standings, while the Jaguares had qualified in second place. Both teams hosted quarter-final and semi-final matches.

The final was won by the Crusaders who beat the Jaguares by sixteen points. The Crusaders stretched their record number of Super Rugby wins to ten and completed what is called a three-peat by winning the tournament three times consecutively in what was the competition's lowest scoring final.

Three-peat
In sports (especially in North America), a three-peat is winning three consecutive championships or tournaments. The term, a portmanteau of the words three and repeat, originated with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association, during their unsuccessful campaign for a third consecutive championship during the 1988–89 season, having won the previous two NBA finals.