hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jersey Open
The Jersey Open was a European Tour golf tournament which was played in Jersey, a British Crown dependency in the English Channel, from 1978 to 1995. It had several different names during this period. The venue was La Moye Golf Club. The winners included three major championship winners, Tony Jacklin, Sandy Lyle and Ian Woosnam. The prize fund peaked at £353,120 in 1994 before falling to £300,000 in the final year, which was below average for a European Tour event at that time. In 1996 a European Seniors Tour event which has been known at various times as the Jersey Seniors Open and by several sponsored names, was inaugurated at the same venue.

Sandy Lyle
Alexander Walter Barr "Sandy" Lyle OBE (born 9 February 1958) is a Scottish professional golfer. He has won two major championships during his career. Along with Nick Faldo and Ian Woosnam, he became one of Britain's top golfers during the 1980s. He spent 167 weeks in the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking from its introduction, in 1986, until 1989.
Muskowekwan 85-17
Muskowekwan 85-17 is an Indian reserve of the Muskowekwan First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south-west of Lestock. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings.

Muskowekwan First Nation
Muskowekwan First Nation (Ojibwe: Mashkawigwaning) is a Saulteaux (Ojibway) First Nation who inhabit approximately 100 km northwest of Melville, Saskatchewan, Canada.  As of May, 2008, the First Nation has 1,517 registered people, of which their on-reserve population was 400.
Arthur Bambridge
Arthur Leopold Bambridge (16 June 1861 – 27 November 1923) was an English footballer who made three appearances either as a full back or as a right winger for England between 1881 and 1884. He was one of three brothers who played for England.

1883–84 in English football
The 1883–84 season was the 13th season of competitive football in England.

Since 1880, Bolton Wanderers (founded in 1874), was known to have unofficially offered professional terms to Scottish players ("Scotch Professors"). The subject remained a heated one through the 1880s, directly or indirectly involving many other clubs besides Bolton. Their neighbours, Blackburn Rovers (founded in 1875) and Darwen (founded in 1870) had also signed Scottish players on a 'shamateur' basis using side jobs, either real or fabricated, to facilitate payment. The FA espoused the ideal of amateurism promoted by the likes of Corinthian F.C. from whom the phrase "Corinthian Spirit" came into being.
Knoxville Voice
Knoxville Voice was a populist alternative newspaper in Knoxville, Tennessee. It was published every two weeks and available free of charge in more than 300 locations throughout Knox and Blount counties. The paper debuted on April 20, 2006 and ceased publication on January 8, 2009. The summer 2007 sale of Knoxville alternative weekly Metro Pulse to media conglomerate E.W. Scripps, owner of the daily Knoxville News Sentinel, left the Knoxville Voice as the only major, general-interest independent alternative newspaper in Knoxville until it ceased publication.

Media conglomerate
A media conglomerate, media company, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as music, television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, video games, amusement parks, or the Internet. Despite ownership over several companies and diverse mediums, by definition, media conglomerates only maintain holdings over media and not other enterprises.

Some media conglomerates use their access in multiple areas to share various kinds of content such as: news, video and music, between users. The media sector's tendency to consolidate has caused formerly diversified companies to appear less diverse to prospective investors in comparison with similar companies that are traded publicly and privately. Therefore, the term media group may also be applied, however, it has not yet replaced the more traditional term.
1958 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election
Elections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its "Parliamentary Committee") occurred in November 1958. In addition to the 12 members elected, the Leader (Hugh Gaitskell), Deputy Leader (Jim Griffiths), Labour Chief Whip (Herbert Bowden), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (A. V. Alexander), and Labour Chief Whip in the House of Lords (Lord Lucan)  were automatically members.

Labour peers held a separate vote for one further member of the cabinet, won by Lord Faringdon.

In the elections, Edith Summerskill regained her place in the cabinet after a year's absence, at the expense of George Brown.  Full results are listed below:

Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)
The Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet, or His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition Shadow Cabinet, usually simply the Shadow Cabinet, is the committee of senior members of the Official Opposition who scrutinise the work of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. Each Shadow Cabinet member is typically given a position which corresponds to that of a government minister in Cabinet.
Parisi v. Davidson
Parisi v. Davidson, 405 U.S. 34 (1972), was a United States Supreme Court case resulting in the grant of habeas corpus relief to a soldier, Joseph Parisi, seeking an honorable discharge as a conscientious objector. The case was argued on October 19 and 20, 1971, and decided on February 23, 1972. The respondent was then Major General Phillip B. Davidson.

Parisi had brought a petition to Federal District Court that the Army's refusal to discharge him constituted habeas corpus – that in effect he was being unlawfully imprisoned. As a result, court-martial charges were brought against him by the Army. The Federal District Court and Court of Appeals concluded that consideration of his petition should be deferred pending the result of the court-martial. The Supreme Court decision overturned this, freeing the District Court to consider his petition.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".
Abibion
Abibion (fl. 5th century) was one of the founders of Bet-Coryph monastery in Byzantine Syria, together with Eusebonas. He also served as first abbot of that monastery. He is included in the Heiligen-Lexicon.  He received his instruction from Eusebius. His feast day, if he had one, is unknown.

Diocese of the East
The Diocese of the East, also called the Diocese of Oriens (Latin: Dioecesis Orientis; Greek: Διοίκησις Ἑῴα), was a diocese of the later Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire, incorporating the provinces of the western Middle East, between the Mediterranean Sea and Mesopotamia. During late Antiquity, it was one of the major commercial, agricultural, religious and intellectual areas of the empire, and its strategic location facing the Sassanid Empire and the nomadic tribes gave it exceptional military importance.
The Bowler and the Bunnet
The Bowler and the Bunnet was a Scottish television documentary programme on STV, directed and presented by Sean Connery. It is the only film ever directed by Connery.

The documentary, filmed in black and white, was a critical examination of the Fairfield Experiment, whereby the industrialist Sir Iain Maxwell Stewart and the trades union introduced new working practices at the shipyard of Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company in Glasgow. It was released onto DVD by the British Film Institute as part of their Tales from the Shipyard boxed-set in February 2011.

The title comes from the tradition where bowler hats were worn by managers within the shipyards while bonnets (cloth caps) were worn by the workers.

Bowler hat
The bowler hat, also known as a Coke hat, billycock, bob hat, or derby (United States), is a hard felt hat with a rounded crown, originally created by the London hat-makers Thomas and William Bowler in 1849 and commissioned by Lock & Co. Hatters of St James's Street, London. It has traditionally been worn with semi-formal and informal attire.

The bowler, a protective and durable hat style, was popular with the British, Irish, and American working classes during the second half of the 19th century, and later with the middle and upper classes in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the east coast of the United States. It became the quintessential attire of City of London gents in the early 1900s, a tradition that lasted until the 1970s.
Elginfield Observatory
The Elginfield Observatory was an astronomical observatory located in the township of Middlesex Centre, Ontario, Canada, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of London, Ontario.  The observatory was owned and operated by the University of Western Ontario, and opened in 1969.  The observatory featured a 1.2 m (47 in) Ritchey–Chrétien telescope built by Boller and Chivens which is used for spectroscopy and photometry.  The telescope could be configured to feed instruments at the Cassegrain, Nasmyth, and Coudé foci.  Research done there included monitoring the changing size of Cepheid variable stars, estimating out-gasing of minor planets, and searching for large Perseid meteoroids.

The observatory was closed at the end of 2010.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Ben Leonberg
Ben Curtis Leonberg (born November 27, 1987) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer known for his work in the horror and fantasy genres. His work is characterized by the use of classical cinematic techniques with a contemporary focus.

Terry Bisson
Terry Ballantine Bisson (February 12, 1942 – January 10, 2024) was an American science fiction and fantasy author. He was best known for his short stories, including "Bears Discover Fire", which won the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award, and "They're Made Out of Meat".
Andre-Hugo Venter
Andre-Hugo Venter (born 10 September 2001) is a South African rugby union player for the Stormers in the United Rugby Championship and Western Province in the Currie Cup. His regular position is hooker and he is the son of former Springbok flanker André Venter.

Venter was named in the Stormers squad for the Pro14 Rainbow Cup SA campaign. He made his debut for Stormers in Round 5 of the Pro14 Rainbow Cup SA against the Bulls.

Bulls (rugby union)
The Bulls (known for sponsorship reasons as the Vodacom Bulls) are a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria. They play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. They compete in the United Rugby Championship, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020 and the domestic Currie Cup competition.

The side won the Super 14 in 2007, 2009 and 2010, placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles. They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era (2006–10), winning three out of the five titles. They are the most successful South African team, and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title.

Formerly known as Northern Transvaal the side has competed in the Currie Cup since 1937 before becoming the Bulls in 1997.
Urkesh
Urkesh, also transliterated Urkish (Akkadian: 𒌨𒆧𒆠 UR.KIŠKI, 𒌨𒋙𒀭𒄲𒆠 UR.KEŠ3KI; modern Tell Mozan; Arabic: تل موزان), is a tell, or settlement mound, located in the foothills of the Taurus Mountains (in the area of upper Khabur River basin) in Al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. Urkesh was one of the oldest city of the Ancient Near East, originating in the fourth millennium BC. Its importance is due to the fact that it is the only third millennium B.C. urban centre known so far which can be considered wholly Hurrian.

Taurus Mountains
The Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları or Toroslar; Kurdish: Çiyayên Torosê) are a mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolian Plateau. The system extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the east. It is a part of the Alpide belt in Eurasia.
Alexander Stanier
Brigadier Sir Alexander Beville Gibbons Stanier, 2nd Baronet, DSO & Bar, MC  (31 January 1899 – 10 January 1995) was a British Army officer who fought in the First and Second World Wars, particularly distinguished for his actions at Boulogne in 1940, on D-Day in 1944, and in the Rhineland in 1944.

Brigadier (United Kingdom)
Brigadier (Brig) is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. Brigadier is the superior rank to colonel and subordinate to major-general. It corresponds to the rank of brigadier general in many other nations, although it is not considered to be a general officer rank in the United Kingdom.

The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-6, placing it equivalent to the Royal Navy commodore and the Royal Air Force air commodore ranks and the brigadier general (1-star general) rank of the United States military and numerous other NATO nations.
Schnapps
Schnaps (/ʃnɑːps/ ⓘ or /ʃnæps/) or schnapps is a type of alcoholic beverage that may take several forms, including distilled fruit brandies, herbal liqueurs, infusions, and "flavored liqueurs" made by adding fruit syrups, spices, or artificial flavorings to neutral grain spirits.

The English loanword "schnapps" is derived from the colloquial German word Schnaps [ʃnaps] ⓘ (plural: Schnäpse), which is used in reference to spirit drinks.
The word Schnaps stems from Low German and is related to the German term "schnappen", meaning "snap", which refers to the spirit usually being consumed in a quick slug from a small glass (i.e., a shot glass).

Cocktail
A cocktail is a mixed drink, usually  alcoholic. Most commonly, a cocktail is a combination of one or more spirits mixed with other ingredients, such as juices, flavored syrups, tonic water, shrubs, and bitters. Cocktails vary widely across regions of the world, and many websites publish both original recipes and their own interpretations of older and more famous cocktails.
Alan Horsley
Alan Avery Allen Horsley is a retired Anglican priest and author in the 20th century.

He was born on 13 May 1936, educated at St Chad's College, Durham  and Queen's College, Edgbaston and ordained in  1961. His first posts were curacies in Daventry, Reading and Wokingham. He then held incumbencies at Yeadon, Heyford and Stowe, Oakham and  Lanteglos-by-Fowey. He was Provost of St Andrew's Cathedral, Inverness from 1988 to 1991 and finally  Rural Dean of Rickmansworth until his retirement in 2001.

Lanteglos-by-Fowey
Lanteglos (Cornish: Nanseglos, meaning church valley) is a coastal civil parish in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is on the east side of the tidal estuary of the River Fowey which separates it from the town and civil parish of Fowey. The South West Coast Path runs along the southern coasts of the parish and much of the southern part of the parish lies in the Polruan to Polperro Site of Special Scientific Interest managed by the National Trust.
Motorcycle Hall of Fame
The AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame Museum is an offshoot of the American Motorcyclist Association, recognizing individuals who have contributed to motorcycle sport, motorcycle construction, or motorcycling in general. It also displays motorcycles, riding gear, and memorabilia in two floors of exhibits. The American Motorcyclist Association board began planning the museum c. 1998.

The museum is located in Pickerington, Ohio, United States.

Motorcycle components
Motorcycle components and systems for a motorcycle are engineered, manufactured, and assembled in order to produce motorcycle models with the desired performance, aesthetics, and cost but can also be customized. The key components of modern motorcycles are presented below.
Kishio Suga
Kishio Suga (菅 木志雄, Suga Kishio) (born 1944), is a Japanese sculptor and installation artist currently living in Itō, Shizuoka, Japan.

He is one of the key members of Mono-ha, a group of artists who became prominent in the late 1960s and 1970s. The Mono-ha artists explored the encounter between natural and industrial materials, such as stone, steel plates, glass, light bulbs, cotton, sponge, paper, wood, wire, rope, leather, oil, and water, arranging them in mostly unaltered, ephemeral states. The works focus as much on the interdependency of these various elements and the surrounding space as on the materials themselves.

Itō, Shizuoka
Itō (伊東市, Itō-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [itoː, itoꜜːɕi]) is a city located on the eastern shore of the Izu Peninsula in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 63,343 and a population density of 510 persons per square kilometer. The total area was 124.13 square kilometres (47.93 sq mi).
Gilson College
Gilson College is a Christian school located in the Melbourne suburbs of Mernda and Taylors Hill, Victoria, Australia. It is a private co-educational early learning, primary, and secondary day school. The school caters to students from early learning to Year 12. The original campus, located in Taylors Hill, was established in 1988. The second campus in Mernda was acquired by the school in December 2012 and classes began in January 2013. In January 2024 Gilson College in Mernda was renamed to Mernda Hills Christian College. The school is part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.

Year 12
Year 12 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. It is sometimes the twelfth or thirteenth year of compulsory education, or alternatively a year of post-compulsory education. It usually incorporates students aged between 16 and 18, depending on the locality. It is also known as "senior year" in parts of Australia, where it is the final year of compulsory education. Year Twelve in England and Wales, and in New Zealand, is the equivalent of Eleventh grade, junior year, or grade 11 in the US and parts of Canada.
Gros (surname)
The surname Gros may have several origins. In French, it is a nickname for a big, fat person. Likewise,  in Romanian, Groș is a word for "large". In several languages, it is a spelling variant of the German surname Gross. See also Legros.

Notable people with this surname include:

Sara Gros Aspiroz (born 1983), Spanish ski mountaineer

Antoine-Jean Gros (1771–1835), French painter

Brigitte Gros (1925–1985), French journalist and politician

Daniel Gros (born 1955), German economist

Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros (1793–1870), French ambassador and daguerreotypist

Jules Gros (1890–1992), Breton linguist

Jules Gros (journalist) (1890–1891), French journalist

Louis Prosper Gros (1893–1973), French aviator

Piet Gros (born 1964), Dutch chemist

Daniel Gros
Daniel Gros (born 1955) is a German economist who currently serves as the director of the Institute for European Policymaking (IEP) at Bocconi University.

From 2000 to 2020, Gros was the director of the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), a European think tank. His current research primarily focuses on EU economic policy, specifically on the impact of the euro on capital and labour markets, as well as on the international role of the euro, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. He also monitors the transition towards market economies and the process of enlargement of the European Union towards the east.
Pinal Peak
Pinal Peak, located in southern Gila County, Arizona, is the highest point in the Pinal Mountains, with an elevation of 7,848 feet (2,392 m). It is the highest point of land located in between the Salt and Gila rivers in Arizona before they merge, making it visible from miles away on a clear day. The peak ranks as the 11th most prominent in Arizona and has a topographic isolation of 35 miles (56 km), with the nearest point of land of equal or greater elevation being to the southeast in the Santa Teresa Mountains. Pinal Peak is slightly east of the approximate center of the Pinal Mountains. Despite being the most prominent peak in Gila County, it is not the highest point in the county. That title goes to Myrtle Point with an elevation between 7,963 and 8,003 feet (2,427–2,439 m), which lies atop the edge of the Mogollon Rim which forms the county line with Coconino County. The nearest population is in the Globe/Miami, Arizona area, just a few miles north of the range and peak.

Coconino County, Arizona
Coconino County is a county in the  North-Central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. Its population was 145,101 at the 2020 census. The county seat is Flagstaff. The county takes its name from Cohonino, a name applied to the Havasupai people. It is the second-largest county by area in the contiguous United States, behind San Bernardino County, California. It has 18,661 sq mi (48,332 km2), or 16.4% of Arizona's total area, and is larger than the nine smallest states in the U.S.

Coconino County comprises the Flagstaff metropolitan statistical area, Grand Canyon National Park, the federally recognized Havasupai Nation, and parts of the federally recognized Navajo, Hualapai, and Hopi nations. As a result, its relatively large Native American population makes up nearly 30% of the county's total population; it is mostly Navajo, with smaller numbers of other tribes.

The county was the setting for George Herriman's early 20th-century Krazy Kat comic strip.
Fourche LaFave River Bridge
The Fourche LaFave River Bridge carries Arkansas Highway 7 across the Fourche LaFave River in western Perry County, Arkansas, downstream of the Nimrod Dam. It is a three-span open spandrel concrete arch bridge, with its longest span measuring 184 feet (56 m), and its total length 518 feet (158 m). The arches are mounted on concrete abutments and piers. The bridge deck is asphalt, and is lined by ornate concrete balustrades. It was built in 1941 by the Luten Bridge Company, and is a well-preserved example of style from that period.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Arkansas Highway 7
Arkansas Highway 7 (AR 7) is a north–south state highway in Arkansas, United States. As Arkansas's longest state highway, the route runs 297.27 miles (478.41 km) from the Louisiana state line north to Diamond City. With the exception of the segment north of Harrison, Highway 7 has been designated as an Arkansas Scenic Byway and a National Forest Scenic Byway. The road passes through the heart of both the Ozark Mountains and the Ouachita Mountains, and features scenic views. It's the route favored by motorcycle riders touring the region.