hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kaldar District
Kaldar (Dari/Pashto: کلدار) is one of the districts of Balkh Province in northern Afghanistan. It sits along the Amu River and has an estimated population of 24,615 people. Hairatan serves as the district's administrative center.

The Afghanistan–Uzbekistan border is the northern boundary of Kaldar District and the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border is its northeastern boundary. Khulm District is to the south, Nahri Shahi District to the southwest, and Shortepa District to the west. The Qosh Tepa Canal flows in Kaldar from east to west. There is a road and a rail track running between Hairatan in the north and the Afghanistan Ring Road in the south.

Afghanistan–Uzbekistan border
The Afghanistan–Uzbekistan border is 144 km (89 mi) in length and runs from the tripoint with Turkmenistan to the tripoint with Tajikistan along the Amu River. It is the shortest of Uzbekistan's external borders. The city of Termez in Uzbekistan and the town of Hairatan in Afghanistan are the closest major populated centers to the border.

Large volumes of trade between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan pass through the border on daily basis. Citizens of Afghanistan could stay for up to 10 days in Termez without a travel visa.
Arthur Antoine
Arthur Antoine was an American state legislator in Louisiana. He represented Saint Mary Parish in the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1872 to 1874 along with Isaac Sutton.

Charles Vincent documented him as having been born in Louisiana and "mulatto". He served on the Committee on Land and Levees as well.as the Committee on Pensions.

St. Mary Parish, Louisiana
St. Mary Parish (French: Paroisse de Sainte-Marie) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 49,406. The parish seat is Franklin. The parish was created in 1811.

St. Mary Parish comprises the Morgan City, LA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Lafayette–Opelousas–Morgan City combined statistical area.
Robert Adderley
Robert Archibald Adderley (1870–1946) was Dean of Ardfert from 1938 until his death.

Adderley was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1903. After a curacy at St Mary's Cathedral, Tuam he was the vicar choral at St Mary's Cathedral, Limerick. during World War I he was a chaplain to the Forces. He was Rector of Listowel from 1918; of Killehenny from 1922; and Brosna from 1928.

St Mary's Cathedral, Limerick
Saint Mary's Cathedral, Limerick, is a cathedral of the Church of Ireland in Limerick, Ireland, which is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. It is in the ecclesiastical province of Dublin. Previously the cathedral of the Diocese of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe, it is now one of six cathedrals in the Diocese of Tuam, Limerick and Killaloe.
Criminal responsibility in French law
Criminal responsibility in French criminal law is the obligation to answer for infractions committed and to suffer the punishment provided by the legislation that governs the infraction in question.

In a democracy citizens have rights but also duties: with freedom comes responsibility.

Unlike civil liability, the obligation to answer for damage one has caused, either by repairing it or paying damages and interest for it, criminal responsibility implies legal recourse for the state against a disturbance of the peace. This includes three major factors:

participation in a criminal offense

forms of criminal responsibility

exceptions to criminal responsibility.

Legal recourse
A legal recourse is an action that can be taken by an individual or a corporation to attempt to remedy a legal difficulty.

A lawsuit if the issue is a matter of civil law

Contracts that require mediation or arbitration before a dispute can go to court

Referral to police or prosecutor for investigation and possible criminal charges if the matter is a criminal violation

Petition to a legislature or other law-making body for a change in the law if a law is thought to be unjust.

Petition to a president or governor or monarch other chief executive or other official with power to pardon.
Mariam Muhammad
Mariam Be Be Muhammad is a South African politician and a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa for the uMkhonto weSizwe party.

Muhammad is from Dannhauser in KwaZulu-Natal and resides in Zone 11 in Johannesburg, Gauteng.

She stood for MK in the 2024 general elections as the first candidate on the party's Gauteng regional list and won a seat in the National Assembly. Since MK boycotted the first sitting of the National Assembly following the election on 14 June 2024, she was sworn in on 25 June along with the other MK MPs.

Muhammad is a member of the Portfolio Committee on Home Affairs.

Dannhauser
Dannhauser is a former coal mining town in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Cattle and sheep farming take place in the district. The town of Dannhauser was named after Renier Dannhauser, a German settler, who purchased the farm Palmietfontein from the Natal Government in 1872. It was proclaimed a village in 1937.

Contemporary Dannhauser covers five farms, namely Tweediedale, Gleneagles, Rocky Branch, Cornwall and Klipkuil. Durnacol housing is relatively cheap now as the coal mines there are redundant.

The town consists of one main street, and the main shops are the post office, bank, pharmacy and some grocery and hardware stores.
Albany, South Africa
Albany, South Africa (also known as Cape Borders, Cape Frontier, Settler Country, and Western Region) was a district in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Grahamstown was traditionally the administrative capital, cultural centre and largest town of the Albany district.

The area was previously known as the 'Zuurveld' by migrating Boer farmers in the late 18th century, and it lay near the boundary between the Cape Colony and the traditional Xhosa lands to the east. The 1820 Settlers were instrumental in settling and farming the district and giving it some of its distinctive local culture. The ANC government merged the Albany area with the large Xhosa township of Alice as the municipal area of 'Cacadu' .

Sundays River
The  !Khukaǁgamma or Sundays River (Afrikaans: Sondagsrivier) is a river in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It is said to be the fastest flowing river in the country. The Inqua Khoi people, who historically were the wealthiest group in Southern Africa, originally named this river !Khukaǁgamma, 'the waters with the spirit of abundance' because the river's banks are always green and grassy despite the arid terrain that it runs through.

Presently this river is part of the Fish to Tsitsikamma Water Management Area.
A Pinky and the Brain Christmas
A Pinky and the Brain Christmas is a 1995 animated television special based on the Pinky and the Brain TV series. It is directed by Rusty Mills and features the voices of Rob Paulsen and Maurice LaMarche. It is about the eponymous genetically modified mice, who are bent on world domination, attempting to deceive Santa Claus into delivering hypnotic devices as presents during Christmas.

Although released on DVD with season 1 of the series, A Pinky and the Brain Christmas was originally aired December 13, 1995 on The WB as a prime time special. It won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program.

Rob Paulsen
Robert Frederick Paulsen III (born March 11, 1956) is an American voice actor and voice director, known for his roles in numerous animated television series and films. He received a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program and three Annie Awards for his role as both Yakko and Pinky in the Animaniacs franchise. His other voice roles include: Hadji in The New Adventures of Jonny Quest (1986–1987) and The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest (1996–1997); Raphael in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987) (1987–1996); Donatello in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012) (2012–2017); P.J. Pete in Goof Troop (1992), A Goofy Movie (1995), and An Extremely Goofy Movie (2000); Carl Wheezer in Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (2001) and its TV series (2002-2006); Jaq in Cinderella II: Dreams Come True (2002) and Cinderella III: A Twist in Time (2007); and Mac in The Looney Tunes Show (2011–2013) and Looney Tunes: Rabbits Run (2015).
Skibine
Skibine or Skibin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrii Skibin, junior lieutenant of the 10th Mountain Assault Brigade of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Boris Skibine (1876–1937), Russian ballet dancer

George Skibine (1920–1981), Russian-American ballet dancer

Marjorie Skibine (1926–2021), American ballerina and member of the Osage Nation

Boris Skibine
Boris Alexandrovich Skibin (Russian: Борис Александрович Скибин; 3 June 1876 – 3 December 1937), spelled Skibine in French, was a Russian ballet dancer with the Ballets Russes, as was his son, George. Boris Skibine appeared in Gaston Roudès' 1935 comedy, Le chant de l'amour.

Skibin was born in the village of Sharapovka, near Belgorod, and served with the Imperial Army during World War I. He was executed in 1937 during the Great Purge. He was posthumously rehabilitated in 1989.
Jasper High School
Jasper High School can refer to:

Jasper High School (Alabama), Jasper, Alabama

Jasper High School (Arkansas), Jasper, Arkansas

Jasper High School (Indiana), Jasper, Indiana

Jasper High School (Missouri), Jasper, Missouri

Jasper High School (Jasper, Texas), Jasper, Texas

Jasper High School (Plano, Texas), Plano, Texas

Jasper County High School (Georgia), Monticello, Georgia

Jasper County High School (South Carolina), Ridgeland, South Carolina

Jasper–Troupsburg High School, Jasper, New York

Jasper High School (Indiana)
Jasper High School (JHS) is a public high school located in Jasper, Indiana, United States. It serves grades 9 through 12, and is one of five high schools in the Greater Jasper Consolidated Schools district. The principal is Geoff Mauck. JHS has an enrollment of approximately 1,050 students. The school's colors are black and gold. The school song is set to the tune "Indiana, Our Indiana", and the mascot is the wildcat.
Clifford Clogg
Clifford Collier Clogg (October 16, 1949 – May 7, 1995) was an American sociologist, demographer, and statistician.  He is best known for his contributions to population statistics, categorical data analysis, and latent class analysis.

Demographic statistics
Demographic statistics are measures of the characteristics of, or changes to, a population. Records of births, deaths, marriages, immigration and emigration and a regular census of population provide information that is key to making sound decisions about national policy.

A useful summary of such data is the population pyramid. It provides data about the sex and age distribution of the population in an accessible graphical format.

Another summary is called the life table. For a cohort of persons born in the same year, it traces and projects their life experiences from birth to death. For a given cohort, the proportion expected to survive each year (or decade in an abridged life table) is presented in tabular or graphical form.

The ratio of males to females by age indicates the consequences of differing mortality rates on the sexes. Thus, while values above one are common for newborns, the ratio dwindles until it is well below one for the older population.
Lithuanian Church, Sovetsk
The Lithuanian Church (Lithuanian: Lietuvininkų bažnyčia; German: Litauische Kirche) was a Lutheran church in Tilsit (now Sovetsk), which was completed in 1757 and in it Protestant liturgy were held also in Lithuanian language for Prussian Lithuanians. The church was burned down during the World War II and demolished in 1951/1952.

Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Sovetsk (Russian: Сове́тск; German: Tilsit [ˈtɪlzɪt] ⓘ; Lithuanian: Tilžė; Polish: Tylża) is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the south bank of the Neman River which forms the border with Lithuania.

Founded in the medieval period and granted municipal rights in 1552, it is one of the historically most important towns of the oblast and the traditional capital of the region of Lithuania Minor. It was the place where two treaties were concluded, of great importance in the history of France, Poland, Lithuania, Germany and Russia. It is the place of origin of the Tilsit cheese.

With a population of 38,614 as of 2023 it is the second largest city of the Kaliningrad Oblast.
Hellgate Roller Derby
Hellgate Roller Derby (HRD) formerly known as the Hellgate Rollergirls (HGRG) is a skater-run, non-profit organization designed exclusively for the purpose of promoting the sport of flat track roller derby in Missoula, Montana.  HRD always welcomes new skaters of all genders, body types and athletic abilities. The board of directors (BOD), all committee heads, members, and all skaters are volunteers.

The team was founded in 2009, and initial public meetings drew great interest. Over 80 attended a September 2009 meeting.  They began playing bouts in mid-2010.  Their first event was an exhibition held in August 2010.
League colors: red and black. Hellgate Roller Derby also has two junior leagues, the Hellgate Hellions, ages 12-17 and the Lil' Devils, ages 6-11.

Roller derby
Roller derby is a roller skating contact sport played on an oval track by two teams of five skaters. It is played by approximately 1,250 amateur leagues worldwide, though it is most popular in the United States.

A 60-minute roller derby game, or bout, is a series of two-minute timed jams.  Each team, typically with a roster of 15, fields five skaters during each jam: one jammer, designated with a star on their helmet, and four blockers. During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. The jammer scores a point for each opposing blocker they lap. The blockers simultaneously defend by hindering the opposing jammer, while also playing offense by maneuvering to aid their own jammer. Because roller derby uses a penalty box, power jams, in which one team has a temporary numerical advantage after a foul, can have a major effect on scoring.
Boubacar Alpha Bah
Boubacar Alpha Bah (known as Bill, born March 20, 1941) is a Malian economist and minister.

Bah studied economics in France at the University of Paris and the University of Caen Normandy. After returning to Mali in 1978, he worked in his own businesses and as a consultant for international development cooperation organizations. Bah has served as Mali's representative at the West African Central Bank BCEAO and the World Bank, as Deputy Minister in charge of private sector promotion from 1992 to 1992, as the mayor of Bamako's fifth district from 2009, and as the chairman of Mali's municipal association from 2010.

Bah is a former activist of the Malian Party of Labour and ADEMA. He was appointed as the Minister of Territorial Administration and Decentralization in Boubou Cissé's government in May 2019.

Malian Party of Labour
The Malian Party of Labour (French: Parti malien du travail, PMT) is a Marxist-Leninist party in Mali and a member of the coalition supporting the Alliance for Democracy in Mali of president Amadou Toumani Touré. Founded in 1965, it was prominent in the student resistance to the 1968-1991 military regime of General Moussa Traoré. It continues as an extra-parliamentary Hoxhaist-Communist faction within the Social-Democratic ADEMA-PASJ coalition, supporters of the Alliance for Democracy and Progress.
Charles of Navarre
Charles of Navarre or Charles d'Albret (12 December 1510, Pau - September 1528, Naples) was a prince of Navarre.

Charles was a member of the Albret dynasty and one of the youngest children of the Navarrese monarchs Catherine and John III. On their mother's death in 1517 Charles's elder brother Henry II inherited the crown. Navarre joined with the League of Cognac against Emperor Charles V and Charles of Navarre fought against the Imperial forces at Naples in 1528, where he was captured. He died the following year whilst still heir presumptive to the throne of Navarre - Henry II's first child, Joan, was only born in November 1528.

War of the League of Cognac
The War of the League of Cognac (1526–1530) was fought between the Habsburg dominions of Charles V—primarily the Holy Roman Empire and Spain—and the League of Cognac, an alliance including the Kingdom of France, Pope Clement VII, the Republic of Venice, the Kingdom of England, the Duchy of Milan, and the Republic of Florence.
Frontiers (2023 film)
Frontiers (French: Frontières) is a 2023 Canadian drama film written and directed by Guy Édoin. The film stars Pascale Bussières as Diane Messier, a woman in the Estrie region of Quebec who has descended into anxiety and paranoia following a tragic accident, leading her mother Angèle (Micheline Lanctôt) to return from her retirement in Florida in an effort to help her.

The cast also includes Christine Beaulieu, Chimwemwe Miller, Marilyn Castonguay, Patrice Godin, Maxime de Cotret, Denis Larocque, Sylvain Massé, Marie-France Marcotte, Marie-Madeleine Sarr, and Mégane Proulx.

Production on the film began in Saint-Armand, Quebec in October 2021.

The film premiered on March 3, 2023 at the Rendez-vous Québec Cinéma.

Saint-Armand, Quebec
Saint-Armand (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿aʁmɑ̃]) is a municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located within the Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality and the Eastern Townships. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 1,248. It is located on the Canada–United States border.

The Municipality of Saint-Armand and the Village of Philipsburg were amalgamated on February 3, 1999 to become the new Municipality of Saint-Armand.

Philipsburg, first known as Missiskoui Bay, was settled in 1784 and was reportedly the first settlement in the Eastern Townships. Saint-Armand, earlier known as Moore's Corners, was the site of the Skirmish at Moore's Corners, an 1837 battle in the Lower Canada Rebellion and the Battle of Eccles Hill during the Fenian Raids.
Lifeboat ethics
Lifeboat ethics is a metaphor for resource distribution proposed by the ecologist Garrett Hardin in two articles published in 1974, building on his earlier 1968 article detailing "The tragedy of the commons". Hardin's 1974 metaphor describes a lifeboat bearing fifty people with room for ten more. The lifeboat is in an ocean surrounded by a hundred swimmers.  The ethics of the situation stem from the dilemma of whether (and under what circumstances) swimmers should be taken aboard the lifeboat.

Hardin compared the lifeboat metaphor to the Spaceship Earth model of resource distribution, which he criticizes by asserting that a spaceship would be directed by a single leader which the Earth lacks. Hardin asserts that the spaceship model leads to the tragedy of the commons.  In contrast, the lifeboat metaphor presents individual lifeboats as rich nations and the swimmers as poor nations.

Dilemma
A dilemma (from Ancient Greek  δίλημμα (dílēmma) 'double proposition') is a problem offering two possibilities, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable. The possibilities are termed the horns of the dilemma, a clichéd usage, but distinguishing the dilemma from other kinds of predicament as a matter of usage.
Humlum railway station
Humlum station is a railway station serving the small railway town of Humlum in Jutland, Denmark.

Humlum station is located on the Thy Line from Struer to Thisted. The station was opened in 1882 with the opening of the Thy Line. It offers direct regional train services to Struer and Thisted. The train services are operated by the private public transport operator GoCollective.

Thisted
Thisted is a town in the municipality of Thisted in the North Denmark Region of Denmark. It has a population of 13,505 (1 January 2025) and is located in Thy, in northwestern Jutland.

Market town status was given to Thisted in 1500.
Płociczno, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Płociczno [pwɔˈt͡ɕit͡ʂnɔ] (German: Spechtsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Tuczno, 24 km (15 mi) west of Wałcz, and 104 km (65 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 330.

Tuczno
Tuczno [ˈtut͡ʂnɔ] (German: Tütz, earlier Tietz) is a town and former pre-diocesan Catholic see in Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland, with 1,900 inhabitants (2010).

It is the home of the restored Tuczno Castle, which is a popular place for conferences.

There is a Michael Jackson Street in Tuczno, the first of its kind in Poland.
Shahrukh of Kokand
Shahrukh Bek, later referred to as Shahrukh Khan was the leader of the Kokand Khanate and Uzbek Mings tribe from c. 1709 to c. 1721.

As the first ruler of the independent Kokand Khanate after separation from Bukhara, he ordered nobles to have a fortified castle constructed in the region. Before his death, reported to be around 1721 the new khanate acquired the cities of Margilan, Namangan, and Isfara in addition to the new capital Kokand.

His oldest son, Abd al-Rahim Biy, took over the Khanate after his death.

Chagatai language
Chagatai (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi), is a Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia. It remained the shared literary language in the region until the early 20th century. It was used across a wide geographic area including western or Russian Turkestan (i.e. parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Eastern Turkestan (where a dialect, known as Kaşğar tılı, developed), Crimea, the Volga region (such as Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), etc. Chagatai is the direct ancestor of the Uzbek and Uyghur languages. Kazakh and Turkmen, which are not within the Karluk branch but are in the Kipchak and Oghuz branches of the Turkic languages respectively, were nonetheless heavily influenced by Chagatai for centuries.

Ali-Shir Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature.
Wichrów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Wichrów [ˈvixruf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kostomłoty, within Środa County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

In January 1945, in the village, the Germans carried out a mass executions of prisoners during the "death march" from the subcamp in Miłoszyce to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp. A mass grave of 120 victims was discovered later.

Środa County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Środa County (/ˈʃroʊdə ˈʃlɒ̃skə/; Polish: powiat średzki [ˈpɔvjat ˈɕrɛt͡skʲi], formerly Środa Śląska County) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 703.7 square kilometres (271.7 sq mi). Its administrative seat and only town is Środa Śląska.

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 54,646, out of which the population of Środa Śląska accounts for 9,516, while the rural population is 45,130.
Omar al-Hazzaa
Omar al-Hazzaa (died 1990) was an Iraqi military lieutenant-general. He belonged to the same clan as Saddam Hussein. He began criticizing Hussein in 1980, because of the Iraqi invasion of Iran. Ten years later, in 1990, he was executed after criticizing him for the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Prior to his execution, his tongue was mutilated. In retaliation, his nephew, Ra'ad al-Hazaa, attempted to assassinate Saddam's son Uday, in Baghdad on December 12, 1997.

Mutilation
Mutilation or maiming (from the Latin: mutilus) is severe damage to the body that has a subsequent harmful effect on an individual's quality of life.

In the modern era, the term has an overwhelmingly negative connotation, referring to alterations that render something inferior, dysfunctional, imperfect, or ugly.