hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Public Sector Credit Framework
The Public Sector Credit Framework is an open source tool for estimating the default risk of and assigning ratings to government debt. The PSCF installation package was released on May 2, 2012. At the same time, source code was published on GitHub. The publishers, PF2 Securities Evaluations and Public Sector Credit Solutions, said that they released the software in response to the need for "transparent, objective and up-to-date government credit ratings." The project has similar goals to an earlier mass collaboration bond rating effort, Wikirating.

Credit rating
A credit rating is an evaluation of the credit risk of a prospective debtor (an individual, a business, company or a government). It is the practice of predicting or forecasting the ability of a supposed debtor to pay back the debt or default. The credit rating represents an evaluation from a credit rating agency of the qualitative and quantitative information for the prospective debtor, including information provided by the prospective debtor and other non-public information obtained by the credit rating agency's analysts.

Credit reporting (or credit score) is a subset of credit rating. It is a numeric evaluation of an individual's credit worthiness, which is done by a credit bureau or consumer credit reporting agency.
Altina Wildlife Park
Altina Wildlife Park is a zoo situated in Darlington Point, New South Wales, Australia. The zoo specialises in the conservation of endangered species and features a diverse range of Australian native and exotic animals. It operates horse-drawn cart tours and offers behind the scenes wildlife encounters.

Darlington Point
Darlington Point is a small town on the banks of the Murrumbidgee River in the central Riverina district of western New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the Murrumbidgee Council local government area.  The centre of town is four kilometres from the Sturt Highway, along Kidman Way. Darlington Point is 631 kilometres (392 mi) south-west of Sydney and 33 kilometres (21 mi) south of Griffith. At the 2021 census, Darlington Point had a population of 1,030.
Ann Aguirre
Ann Aguirre (born August 27, 1970) is an American author of speculative fiction. She writes urban fantasy, romantic science fiction, apocalyptic paranormal romance (with co-author Carrie Lofty as Ellen Connor), paranormal romantic suspense (as Ava Gray), and post-apocalyptic dystopian young adult fiction.

Urban fantasy
Urban fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy, placing supernatural elements in a contemporary urban-affected setting. The combination provides the writer with a platform for classic fantasy tropes, quixotic plot-elements, and unusual characters—without demanding the creation of an entire imaginary world.

Precursors of urban fantasy are found in popular fiction of the 19th century and the present use of the term dates back to the 1970s. Much of its audience was established in the 1930s–50s with the success of light supernatural fare in film and, later, television. The genre's current publishing popularity began in 1980s North America, as writers and publishers were encouraged by the success of Stephen King and Anne Rice.
Steven Libman
Steven Libman (born October 5, 1959) is an American performing-arts executive, known for leading major orchestra, dance and theatre companies and performing-arts centers with an emphasis on classical music and jazz.

Since 2020, Libman has been the president and chief executive officer for the Jacksonville Symphony, located in Jacksonville, Florida.

His career spans more than three decades and he has previously served as the managing director or chief executive officer for the Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), the La Jolla Playhouse (La Jolla, California), and The Palladium at the Center for the Performing Arts (Carmel, Indiana). He has also served as the chief advancement officer for the Atlanta Ballet (Atlanta, Georgia).

Libman is also a public speaker and was the co-host and co-founder of The Voice of the Performing Arts, a weekly public-radio show devoted to the importance of arts education.

Performing arts education
Education in the performing arts is a key part of many primary and secondary education curricula and is also available as a specialisation at the tertiary level. The performing arts, which include, but are not limited to dance, music and theatre, are key elements of culture and engage participants at a number of levels.

The endpoint for performing arts education varies: some educators integrate arts into school classrooms to support other curricula while simultaneously building students' art skills, and some focus on performing arts as an academic discipline in itself.
Tragia volubilis
Tragia volubilis also known as fireman is a climbing subshrub or climbing shrub native to tropical America and Africa. It belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, Tragia genus. As many of the species of the genus, it has stinging hairs, similar to those of nettles.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Macapagal Bridge
The Macapagal Bridge (Filipino: Tulay ng Macapagal) is a steel cable-stayed bridge along Mayor Democrito D. Plaza II Avenue (also known as the Butuan Bypass Road) in Butuan that crosses the Agusan River. It has a length of 908 m (2,979 ft), making it the second-longest bridge in Mindanao after the Panguil Bay Bridge, and the third-longest cable-stayed bridge in the Philippines after the Marcelo Fernan Bridge and Cebu–Cordova Bridge.

Initially named the "Second Magsaysay Bridge" during construction (referring to the nearby Magsaysay Bridge), the bridge was officially named after President Diosdado Macapagal when it was inaugurated in 2007. The bridge was constructed along with the 13.1 km (8.1 mi) Butuan Bypass Road, which aims to decongest traffic along the Agusan-Misamis Oriental Road in downtown Butuan, through official development assistance from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation worth ₱2.2 billion.

Panguil Bay Bridge
The Panguil Bay Bridge is a 3.77 km (2.34 mi) extradosed bridge that crosses Panguil Bay. It connects Tangub in Misamis Occidental and Tubod in Lanao del Norte. It is currently the longest water-spanning bridge in Mindanao. It also reduces the travel time between Tangub and Tubod from 2.5 hours to just a few minutes.
Lydia Lipkowska
Lydia Yakolevna Lipkowska (Russian: Лидия Яковлевна Липковская, romanized: Lidiya Yakovlevna Lipkovskaya; Ukrainian: Лідія Яківна Липковська; née Marschner; 10 May 1882 – 22 March 1958) was a Russian operatic soprano who had an active international career during the first half of the 20th century. A gifted lyric coloratura soprano, she performed leading roles at the Mariinsky Theatre, the Metropolitan Opera, the Royal Opera House, La Scala, and the Opéra-Comique among other theaters.

Coloratura soprano
A coloratura soprano (Italian: soprano di coloratura) is a type of operatic soprano voice that specializes in music that is distinguished by agile runs, leaps and trills.

The term coloratura refers to the elaborate ornamentation of a melody, which is a typical component of the music written for this voice. Within the coloratura category, there are roles written specifically for lighter voices known as lyric coloraturas and others for larger voices known as dramatic coloraturas. Categories within a certain vocal range are determined by the size, weight and color of the voice. Coloratura is particularly found in vocal music and especially in operatic singing of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Ruttonjee
Ruttonjee is a Parsi surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jehangir Hormusjee Ruttonjee (1880–1960), Hong Kong businessman and philanthropist

Dhun Jehangir Ruttonjee (1903–1974), Hong Kong businessman and philanthropist, son of Jehangir

Jehangir Hormusjee Ruttonjee
Jehangir Hormusjee Ruttonjee CBE JP (1880–1960) (Chinese: 律敦治) was an Indian Parsi philanthropist in Hong Kong. He is famous for founding the Ruttonjee Sanatoria, and helped in the establishment of the Hong Kong Anti-Tuberculosis Association.
Mirwaiz
Mirwaiz (Urdu: میر واعظ; from Persian mir 'chief' and waiz 'preacher') is a hereditary religious title for the chief cleric or head preacher of the Muslim community in the Kashmir Valley. The title unique to Kashmir, traditionally involved providing religious instructions and leading sermons in major shrines and mosques. Over time, the holders of the title also assumed social, cultural and political roles within Kashmiri society.

The title Mirwaiz of Kashmir is presently held by Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, who succeeded his father, Mirwaiz Mohammad Farooq, in 1990.

Kashmir Valley
The Kashmir Valley, also known as the Vale of Kashmir, is an intermontane valley in the northern part of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The valley is surrounded by the ranges of the Himalayas, bounded on the southwest by the Pir Panjal Range and on the northeast by the Greater Himalayan Range. It is approximately 135 km (84 mi) long and 32 km (20 mi) wide, and drained by the Jhelum River. It falls entirely within the Kashmir Division of Jammu and Kashmir.
John F. Ward
John F. Ward (June 12, 1904 - March 16, 1973) was an American politician from Maine. A Republican from Millinocket, Maine, Ward served three terms in the Maine House of Representatives (1942–1948) and three terms in the Maine Senate (1948–1954). He served two terms in the leadership of the Maine House, including as Majority Leader (1944–1946) and as Speaker (1946–1948). During Ward's final term in the Maine Senate, he served as president during the 1954 special session.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Prith Banerjee
Prithviraj "Prith" Banerjee (born 1960) is an Indian American academic and computer scientist and is currently the Chief Technology Officer at ANSYS and board member at Cray and CUBIC. Previously, he was a Senior Client Partner at Korn Ferry where he was responsible for IOT and Digital Transformation Advisory Services within the Global Industrial Practice.
Before that he was the Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer at Schneider Electric.

He was formerly  a senior vice president of research at Hewlett Packard and director of HP Labs.  Previously he was the Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President of ABB Group. He was also the Managing Director of Global Technology R&D at Accenture.  Prith started his early career in academia as a Professor at the University of Illinois and Northwestern University.

Chief technology officer
A chief technology officer (CTO), chief technical officer, or chief technologist is a corporate officer tasked with managing technical operations of an organization. They oversee and supervise research and development and serve as a technical advisor to a higher executive such as a chief executive officer.

A CTO is very similar to a chief information officer (CIO). CTOs will make decisions for the overarching technology infrastructure that closely align with the organization's goals, while CIOs work alongside the organization's information technology ("IT") staff members to perform everyday operations. The attributes of the roles a CTO holds vary from one company to another, mainly depending on their organizational structure.
Ujjain South Assembly constituency
Ujjain South is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1951, as one of the 79 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile Madhya Bharat state. Chief minister of state represents this constituency.

Central India
Central India refers to a geographical region of India that generally includes the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.

The Central Zonal Council, established by the Government of India, includes these states as well as Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand to the north. The inclusion of Uttarakhand extends the region to the Himalayan border with Tibet/China.
Union Club of the City of New York
The Union Club of the City of New York (commonly known as the Union Club) is a private social club on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City that was founded in 1836. The clubhouse is located at 101 East 69th Street on the corner of Park Avenue. Designed by Delano & Aldrich, the current clubhouse opened on August 28, 1933.

The Union Club is the oldest private club in New York City, the second oldest "city club" in the United States, after the Philadelphia Club, and is the fifth oldest "private club" in the United States, after the South River Club in Annapolis, Maryland (between 1700 and 1732), the Schuylkill Fishing Company in Andalusia, Pennsylvania (1732), the Old Colony Club in Plymouth, Massachusetts (1769), and the Philadelphia Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1834). The Union Club is considered one of the most prestigious clubs in New York City.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
Moon Lok Dai Ha
Moon Lok Dai Ha (Chinese: 滿樂大廈) is a public housing estate in Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong located at the reclaimed land between Sha Tsui Road and Hoi Pa Street and near Fuk Loi Estate. It comprises four blocks of 11-storey buildings built in 1964 and 1965 by Hong Kong Housing Society, offering a total of 968 units.

Hong Kong Housing Society
The Hong Kong Housing Society, or Housing Society for short, is the second largest public housing provider in Hong Kong (the first being the Hong Kong Housing Authority). The Society housed around 130,000 residents as of 2020. The Housing Society has been a dedicated housing provider in constantly identifying the housing needs of different sectors of the community and developing housing options attuned to their needs. Since its inception, a total of over 73,000 units have been built under different housing schemes, including Rental Estate, Rural Public Housing, Urban Improvement Scheme, Flat-for-Sale Scheme, Sandwich Class Housing Scheme, Full Market Value Development, Urban Renewal Project, Senior Citizen Residences Scheme, The Tanner Hill and Subsidised Sale Flats project.

The society is a non-governmental organisation and non-profit organisation.
The chairman of the society is Walter Chan (陳家樂) and the chief executive officer and executive director is Chan Yum-min (陳欽勉).
National University of the Chaco Austral
The National University of the Chaco Austral (Universidad Nacional del Chaco Austral - UNCAus) is a very recently established national university located in Sáenz Peña, a city in the agrarian, central section of Chaco Province, Argentina. It was established in 2007 by an initiative of Governor Jorge Capitanich, and was included as part of a plan to geographically diversify Argentina's National University system; as such, its installations consist of the former local campus of the National University of the Northeast, notably the School of Agronomy and Forestry, and new additions.

Agronomy
Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants by agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation. Agronomy has come to include research of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences such as biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics. Professionals in the field are known as agronomists.
3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate—CoA ligase
In enzymology, a 3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestanate—CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.28) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate + CoA  AMP + diphosphate + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, (25R)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate, and CoA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and (25R)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA.

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-sulfur bonds as acid-thiol ligases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is (25R)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl coenzyme A synthetase, DHCA-CoA ligase, and 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming).  This enzyme participates in bile acid biosynthesis.

Ligase
In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the molecules, typically resulting in the formation of new C-O, C-S, or C-N bonds. For example, DNA ligase can join two complementary fragments of nucleic acid by forming phosphodiester bonds, and repair single stranded breaks that arise in double stranded DNA during replication.

In general, a ligase catalyzes the following dehydration reaction, thus joining molecules A and B:

A-OH + B-H → A–B + H2O
Granule (cell biology)
In cell biology, a granule is a small particle barely visible by light microscopy. The term is most often used to describe a secretory vesicle containing important components of cell physiology. Examples of granules include granulocytes, platelet granules, insulin granules, germane granules, starch granules, and stress granules. It is considered as a cell organelle.

Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland. In contrast, excretion is the removal of certain substances or waste products from a cell or organism. The classical mechanism of cell secretion is via secretory portals at the plasma membrane called porosomes. Porosomes are permanent cup-shaped lipoprotein structures embedded in the cell membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release intra-vesicular contents from the cell.

Secretion in bacterial species means the transport or translocation of effector molecules. For example, proteins, enzymes or toxins (such as cholera toxin in pathogenic bacteria e.g. Vibrio cholerae) move from across the interior (cytoplasm or cytosol) of a bacterial cell to its exterior. Secretion is a very important mechanism in bacterial functioning and operation in their natural surrounding environment for adaptation and survival.
Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry is a form of immunostaining. It involves the process of selectively identifying antigens in cells and tissue, by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues. Albert Hewett Coons, Ernest Berliner, Norman Jones and Hugh J Creech was the first to develop immunofluorescence in 1941. This led to the later development of immunohistochemistry.

Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors. In some cancer cells certain tumor antigens are expressed which make it possible to detect. Immunohistochemistry is also widely used in basic research, to understand the distribution and localization of biomarkers and differentially expressed proteins in different parts of a biological tissue.

Biomarker
In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated using blood, urine, or soft tissues to examine normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers are used in many scientific fields.
American Pathology Partners
American Pathology Partners, Inc. (otherwise referred to as APP or AP2) is a privately held medical laboratory company headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. The company operates a nationwide network of pathology laboratories focused on local and regional healthcare. APP serves physician offices, hospitals, and surgery centers with sub-specialized anatomic and molecular pathology services including surgical pathology, cytopathology, dermatopathology, hematopathology, urologic pathology, gastrointestinal and liver pathology, renal pathology, and pediatric and perinatal pathology. APP currently operates   laboratory facilities in Denver, Colorado; Wilson, North Carolina; and West Palm Beach, Florida doing business as UniPath, Eastern Carolina Pathology, and Palm Beach Pathology in their respective geographies.

Surgical pathology
Surgical pathology is the most significant and time-consuming area of practice for most anatomical pathologists. Surgical pathology involves gross and microscopic examination of surgical specimens, as well as biopsies submitted by surgeons and non-surgeons such as general internists, medical subspecialists, dermatologists, and interventional radiologists.

The practice of surgical pathology allows for definitive diagnosis of disease (or lack thereof) in any case where tissue is surgically removed from a patient. This is usually performed by a combination of gross (i.e., macroscopic) and histologic (i.e., microscopic) examination of the tissue, and may involve evaluations of molecular properties of the tissue by immunohistochemistry or other laboratory tests.