hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sage (name)
Sage (/seɪdʒ/) is a family name and a unisex given name. It can also be spelled Saige or Sayge or Sayje. Though it can be used for any gender, the name Sage is most frequently used for girls.  Sage's origin, as well as its use, is in the English language. The name is derived from the English word 'sage' in reference to a wise person, or possibly the herb.

Variants include Saege, Saeje, Sagen, Sager, Sagia, Saig, Saije, Saje, Salvia, Sayg, Sayge, and Sayje. The variant spelling Saige is another English form. Its meaning is "herb" or "prophet" or "wise one".

Prophet
In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to be a conduit for that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people. The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy.

Prophethood has existed in many cultures and religions throughout history, including Mesopotamian religion, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Manichaeism, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and Thelema.
Patricia Rieff Anawalt
Patricia Rieff Anawalt was an American anthropologist, author, and museum director.

Anawalt was born on March 10, 1924, in Ripon, California. She attended the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). After she received her PhD she started studying pre-Columbian culture, specifically dress. Anawalt went on to serve as the curator of costumes and textiles at the UCLA Museum of Cultural History. She founded the Center for the Study of Regional Dress at the Fowler Museum at UCLA.

In 1988 she received a Guggenheim Fellowship.

Anawalt wrote several books including The Essential Codex Mendoza (co-authored with Frances Berdan, University of California Press, 1997) and The Worldwide History of Dress (Thames & Hudson, 2007).

Anawalt died on October 2, 2015, in Los Angeles, California.

Ripon, California
Ripon (/ˈrɪpən/) is a city located in San Joaquin County, California. The population was 16,013 at the 2020 census. Ripon was originally known as Stanislaus City, but was renamed for Ripon, Wisconsin, in 1876.
Transport in Santa Coloma de Gramenet
Public transport in Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Catalonia, Spain) is an important part of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona transportation network. Santa Coloma is a densely populated suburb of the city of Barcelona which fulfills both the role of dormitory town and one of the biggest settlements in the capital's urban area, at around 120,000 inhabitants, and is straddled by Barcelona's Nou Barris and Sant Andreu districts, Badalona, Sant Adrià de Besòs and Montcada i Reixac. The town still relies mostly on bus lines for transportation, but essential improvement arrived in late 2009 with the partial construction of Barcelona Metro line L9. In the future, Generalitat de Catalunya will construct a new line of Tram.

Nou Barris
Nou Barris (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈnɔw ˈβaris], lit. "nine neighbourhoods") is one of the ten districts into which Barcelona has been officially divided since 1984. The name refers to the original nine neighbourhoods it was composed of, even though nowadays it is made up of thirteen. It covers an area of 8.04 km2.

It is located in the northern part of the city adjacent to two other districts of Barcelona: Sant Andreu and Horta-Guinardó and grew up extensively out of small urbanised areas near the former municipalities of Sant Joan d'Horta and Sant Andreu de Palomar (now neighbourhoods of Barcelona) in the 20th century, especially from the 1950s on. The district council is located in a former mental institution, the Institut Mental de la Santa Creu.
Casimir I of Warsaw
Casimir I of Warsaw (pl: Kazimierz I warszawski; 1329/31 – 26 November/5 December 1355), was a Polish prince, member of the House of Piast, Duke of Czersk 1341–1349 jointly with his brother, after 1345 ruler over Rawa Mazowiecka jointly with his brother, after 1349 sole ruler over Warsaw, after 1351 sole ruler over Sochaczew, Polish vassal since 1351.

He was the third and youngest son of Trojden I of Czersk and Maria, daughter of Yuri I, King of Halych-Volhynia.

Czersk, Masovian Voivodeship
Czersk (Polish pronunciation: [t͡ʂɛrsk] ⓘ) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. The village also lies on the Czersk Lake (size: 9 hectares), which is an oxbow lake of the Vistula.

Czersk was an important settlement in the past and is one of the oldest Mazovian cities, famous for ruins of a medieval castle constructed in the late 14th century. It was a royal town of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland in the past. In 1247–1526, it was the capital of the Duchy of Czersk, one of medieval Polish duchies. After incorporation of Mazovia into Poland (1526), the duchy was turned into the Czersk Land (see ziemia), part of Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795). The Land of Czersk was divided into four counties - those of Czersk, Grójec, Garwolin (since 1539), and Warka. Czersk itself was the seat of castellans, who also were senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Serenade in Blue
"Serenade in Blue" is a 1942 big band song composed by Harry Warren, with lyrics written by Mack Gordon. It was introduced in the 1942 film Orchestra Wives by Glenn Miller and His Orchestra, sung by Lynn Bari in the film but dubbed by Pat Friday.

Mack Gordon
Mack Gordon (born Morris Gittler; June 21, 1904 – February 28, 1959) was a Polish-American lyricist for the stage and film. He was nominated for Academy Award for Best Original Song Oscar nine times in 11 years, including five consecutive years between 1940 and 1944, and won the award for "You'll Never Know". "You'll Never Know", along with "At Last" and "The More I See You", have proved to be among his most enduring works, and remain extremely popular in film and television commercials to this day.
Forrest Fezler
Forrest Oliver Fezler (September 23, 1949 – December 21, 2018) was an American professional golfer. His career year was in 1974, when he won the Southern Open and finished in second place to Hale Irwin at the U.S. Open.

Southern Open
The Southern Open was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour from 1970 to 2002. It was played at the Green Island Country Club in Columbus, Georgia, from 1970 to 1990 and at the Callaway Gardens Resort (Mountain View Course), Pine Mountain, Georgia, from 1991 to 2002. It was founded in 1970 as the Green Island Open Invitational but was known for most of its existence as the Southern Open. The purse for the 2002 tournament was $3,700,000, with $666,000 going to the winner.
Srb's anomaly
Srb's anomaly is the clinical condition describing synostosis, or fusion, between the first and second ribs. It may be either a partial or complete fusion between the two ribs to create an entirely indistinguishable new rib.

Srb's anomaly is commonly seen in people with Klippel–Feil syndrome.

Synostosis
Synostosis (from Ancient Greek  συν- (syn-) 'together' and  ὀστέον (ostéon) 'bone'; plural: synostoses) is fusion of two or more bones. It can be normal in puberty (e.g. fusion of the epiphyseal plate to become the epiphyseal line), or abnormal. When synostosis is abnormal it is a type of dysostosis. Examples of synostoses include:

craniosynostosis – an abnormal fusion of two or more cranial bones;

radioulnar synostosis – the abnormal fusion of the radius and ulna bones of the forearm;

tarsal coalition – a failure to separately form all seven bones of the tarsus (the hind part of the foot) resulting in an amalgamation of two bones; and

syndactyly – the abnormal fusion of neighboring digits.

Synostosis within joints can cause ankylosis.
Lukáš Rohan
Lukáš Rohan (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlukaːʃ ˈroɦan]; born 30 May 1995) is a Czech slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2010. He is from Mělník, Czech Republic but lives and trains in Prague. Lukáš now competes solely in the C1 discipline, however he competed in the C2 discipline alongside Adam Svoboda and Martin Říha at different times between 2010 and 2015. He is coached by his father, Olympic silver medallist Jiří Rohan.

Rohan won a silver medal in the C1 event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He also competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics, finishing 6th in the C1 event and 4th in kayak cross.

He also won a silver medal in the C1 team event at the 2021 World Championships in Bratislava.

He won four medals (3 silvers and 1 bronze) at the European Championships, including a silver medal in the C1 event at the 2020 European Championships in Prague. He has also won a myriad of medals at the U23 and Junior levels in both C1 and C2.

Mělník
Mělník (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmɲɛlɲiːk] ⓘ; German: Melnik) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 20,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Mělník lies in one of the most important agricultural areas of the country. The town is known for its production of wine.
First cabinet of Jan Smuts
Gen. Jan Smuts became Prime Minister, after Louis Botha's death in September 1919. In the general election of 1920, with 134 seats elected to the lower house, the South African Party led by Jan Smuts was ahead by three seats against the National Party (44 seats). Both parties then found themselves forced to form alliances with third parties (unionists and labour) to form the new government. The South African Party was quick to form an alliance with the pro-British Unionist Party (25 seats) and Jan Smuts was reappointed prime minister. Shortly after in the same year, the Unionists agreed to join the South African Party and early general elections were held in February 1921.

1920 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 10 March 1920 to elect the 134 members of the House of Assembly. This was for the third Union Parliament.

The National Party (NP) won the largest number of seats, but not a majority. The South African Party (SAP) minority government continued in office, with Unionist Party support in Parliament. This was the third successive term of SAP government, but only the second period with General Jan Smuts as Prime Minister. The first SAP premier (General Louis Botha) had died in office in 1919, during the previous Parliament.

The National Party became the official opposition for the first time.
Tindivanam railway station
Tindivanam railway station (station code: TMV) is an NSG–5 category Indian railway station in Chennai railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway station serving Tindivanam, a city and taluk headquarters in Viluppuram district, Tamil Nadu. It is a station on the South line of the Chennai Suburban Railway.

Viluppuram district
Viluppuram district, also known as Villupuram district or Vizhuppuram district, is one of the 38 districts that make up the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It was founded on 30 September 1993, prior to which it was part of the Cuddalore district. Vizhuppuram district lies in the way of the national highway connecting Tiruchirappalli and Chennai, and contains historical landmarks like the 500 year-old Gingee Fort.
District Council of Coonalpyn Downs
The  District Council of Coonalpyn Downs was a local government area in the Australian state of South Australia that existed from 1957 to 1997 on land in the state’s south-east.

It was established on 30 May 1957 with its seat being located in the town of Coonalpyn.

At establishment, the district consisted of land in the hundreds of Jeffries, Strawbridge, Coneybeer, Lewis, Field, Colebatch, Richards and Coombe and parts of the hundreds of Archibald, Carcuma and Kirkpatrick. The district therefore included parts of the cadastral counties of Buccleuch, Russell, Cardwell and Buckingham.

At establishment, councillors were elected from the following five wards with all returning two councillors each with the exception of Yumali which returned one councillor – Coonalpyn, Mclntosh, Richards, Tintinara and Yumali.

On 13 February 1997, it was amalgamated with the district councils of Meningie and Peake to create the Coorong District Council.

Hundred of Coombe
The Hundred of Coombe is a Hundred of the County of Cardwell (South Australia) centred on the bounded rural locality of  Colebatch, South Australia near the town of Tintinara, South Australia  in the Murray Mallee region of South Australia.
Psilomethoxin
Psilomethoxin, also known as 5-methoxypsilocin or as 4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-HO-5-MeO-DMT), is a compound of the tryptamine family which has been speculated may have psychedelic effects. It is related to psilocin (4-HO-DMT) and 5-MeO-DMT and in terms of chemical structure can be thought of as a combination of the structural features of the two compounds. The drug has been encountered as a novel designer drug online.

Chemical structure
A chemical structure of a molecule is a spatial arrangement of its atoms and their chemical bonds. Its determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together and can be represented using structural formulae and by molecular models; complete electronic structure descriptions include specifying the occupation of a molecule's molecular orbitals. Structure determination can be applied to a range of targets from very simple molecules (e.g., diatomic oxygen or nitrogen) to very complex ones (e.g., such as protein or DNA).
Yolanda Murphy
Yolanda Murphy (née Bukowska, April 10, 1925 – June 3, 2016) was a Polish-born American cultural anthropologist who was the co-author of classic anthropology text Women of the Forest with her husband, Robert F. Murphy. This text was based on field work done in 1952 among the Mundurucu Indians of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil.

Munduruku
The Munduruku, also known as Mundurucu or Wuy Jugu, are an indigenous people of Brazil living in the Amazon River basin. Some Munduruku communities are part of the Coatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land. They had an estimated population in 2014 of 13,755.
Reader-response criticism
Reader-response criticism is a school of literary theory that focuses on the reader (or "audience") and their experience of a literary work, in contrast to other schools and theories that focus attention primarily on the author, content, or form of the work.

Literary work
Literary work is a generic term for works of literature, i.e. texts such as fiction and non-fiction books, essays, screenplays.

In the philosophy of art and the field of aesthetics there is some debate about what that means, precisely.

What a literary work is can encompass poems, novels, dramas, short stories, sagas, legends, and satires, but in one definition is taken to exclude fact-oriented writing.
In length a literary work can range from short poems to trilogy novels, and in tone from comic verse to tragedy.
2021 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships
The 2021 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships in speed skating were held in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink from 28 November to 29 November 2020. The tournament was part of the 2020–2021 speed skating season. Hein Otterspeer and Jutta Leerdam won the sprint titles. The sprint championships were held a week after the 2021 KNSB Dutch Allround Championships.

Thialf
Thialf (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtijɑlf]) is an ice arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands. Thialf is used for long track speed skating, short track speed skating, ice hockey, figure skating, ice speedway, and non-sporting events. The outdoor rink was opened in 1967, and the indoor stadium was opened in 1986. Several world records have been set in the indoor stadium.

Annually, Thialf hosts two Speed Skating World Cup events. Jan de Jong was the ice rink master at Thialf for many years.
The Swing (Goya)
The Swing (in Spanish: El columpio) is the title of a tapestry cartoon designed by Francisco de Goya for the bedroom of the Princes of Asturias in the Palace of El Pardo. It is kept in the Museo del Prado.

The subject of the oil painting is a recurring one in the history of Western art, especially in French painting, with Boucher and Fragonard, exponents of the Rococo. With obvious erotic connotations at the time, Goya may have discarded that sense of the subject, as it is a peaceful, familiar scene. It is the first of a series of thirteen tapestries undertaken in Goya's third series.

Jean-Honoré Fragonard
Jean-Honoré Fragonard (French: [ʒɑ̃ ɔnɔʁe fʁaɡɔnaʁ]; 5 April 1732 – 22 August 1806) was a French painter and printmaker whose late Rococo manner was distinguished by remarkable facility, exuberance, and hedonism. One of the most prolific artists active in the last decades of the Ancien Régime, Fragonard produced more than 550 paintings (not counting drawings and etchings), of which only five are dated. Among his most popular works are genre paintings conveying an atmosphere of intimacy and veiled eroticism.
Ŭinyŏ
Ŭinyŏ (Korean: 의녀; Hanja: 醫女; lit. '"medicine women"') were female physicians who specialized in the treatment of women during the Joseon period (1392 – 1910) of Korea. The ŭinyŏ were established as a solution to social taboos against women receiving treatment from male physicians. The ŭinyŏ system first appeared in 1406 after King Taejong ordered its establishment in the Jesaengwon (濟生院 health care centers for commoners).

Seongjong of Joseon
Seongjong (Korean: 성종; Hanja: 成宗; 28 August 1457 – 29 January 1495), personal name Yi Hyeol (이혈; 李娎), was the ninth monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. Before succeeding his sickly uncle, King Yejong, he was known as Grand Prince Jalsan (잘산대군; 乽山大君).
X Corps (German Empire)
The X Army Corps / X AK (German: X. Armee-Korps) was a corps level command of the Prussian and German Armies before and during World War I.

X Corps was one of three formed in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War (the others being IX Corps and XI Corps).  The Corps was formed in October 1866 with headquarters in Hannover.  The catchment area included the newly annexed Kingdom of Hanover (thereafter the Province of Hanover), the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg and the Duchy of Brunswick.

During the Franco-Prussian War it was assigned to the 2nd Army.

In peacetime, it was assigned to the III Army Inspectorate. which became the 2nd Army at the start of the First World War.  It was still in existence at the end of the war, in Armee-Abteilung B, Heeresgruppe Herzog Albrecht von Württemberg at the extreme southern end of the Western Front.  The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I.

Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (German: Großherzogtum Oldenburg, also known as Holstein-Oldenburg) was a grand duchy within the German Confederation, North German Confederation and German Empire, that consisted of three widely separated territories: Oldenburg, Eutin and Birkenfeld. It ranked tenth among the German states,  had one vote in the Bundesrat, and three members in the Reichstag. Its ruling family, the House of Oldenburg, also came to rule in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece, Russia and United Kingdom.
Dorothea Diana of Salm
Diana Dorothea of Salm (25 July 1604 in Criechingen – 19 December 1672 in Wörth) was the daughter of Wild- and Rhinegrave John IX of Salm-Kyrburg-Mörchingen and his wife, Baroness Anna Catherine of Criechingen and Puttigny. An hour after her birth, her twin sister Anna Amalia, later Countess of Königseck, was born.

Graf
Graf (German pronunciation: [ɡʁaːf] ⓘ; feminine: Gräfin [ˈɡʁɛːfɪn] ⓘ) is a historical title of the German nobility and later also of the Russian nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "countess").

The German nobility was gradually divided into high and low nobility. The high nobility included those counts who ruled immediate imperial territories of "princely size and importance" for which they had a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet.
MWE Plaza
MWE Plaza is an office building within George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. Located at the junction of Farquhar and Leith streets within the city's Central Business District (CBD), the 25-storey building was opened in 1996. It is owned by MWE Holdings, which was founded by Low Hock Peng, the father of international fugitive Jho Low.

Leith Street, George Town
Leith Street is a narrow road within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the city of George Town within the Malaysian state of Penang. Once known as an enclave for rich Hakka tycoons, it is home to the famous Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion.

The road was laid out in the early 19th century and named after one of the first Governors of Penang.
.za
.za is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for South Africa. The .za namespace is managed and regulated by the .za Domain Name Authority (ZADNA). Most domains are registered under the second-level domain .co.za.

ZA is an abbreviation of the Dutch name for the country of South Africa: Zuid-Afrika.

Second-level domain
In the Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy, a second-level domain (SLD or 2LD) is a domain that is directly below a top-level domain (TLD). For example, in example.com, example is the second-level domain of the .com TLD.

Second-level domains commonly refer to the organization that registered the domain name with a domain name registrar. Some domain name registries introduce a second-level hierarchy to a TLD that indicates the type of entity intended to register an SLD under it. For example, in the .uk namespace a college or other academic institution would register under the .ac.uk ccSLD, while companies would register under .co.uk. Strictly speaking, domains like .ac.uk and .co.uk are second level domain themselves, since they are directly below a TLD in the hierarchy. A list of Internet top-level domains (TLDs) can be found at the IANA. An ordinal-free term to denote domains under which people can register their own domain name is public suffix domain (PSD).
Nova Scotia Route 203
Route 203 is a collector road in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

It is located in Shelburne and Yarmouth Counties and runs through a sparsely populated area including Argyle Municipality from Shelburne at Trunk 3 along the border of the Tobeatic Wilderness Area through Kemptville and connects to Nova Scotia Route 340 at Carleton. The village of East Kemptville is the only part of a municipality in Nova Scotia disconnected from the rest of the district by roads, and accessible only from other districts via Highway 203.

Route 203 is considered the loneliest road in the province because it has the longest uninhabited stretch of any paved highway in Nova Scotia.

Tobeatic Wilderness Area
The Tobeatic Wilderness Area is the largest protected area in the Canadian Maritimes, located in southwestern Nova Scotia. It contains nearly 120,000 hectares of land and spans parts of five counties, Annapolis, Digby, Queens, Shelburne and Yarmouth. Located adjacent to Kejimkujik National Park, it was formerly known as the Tobeatic Wildlife Management Area, and the Tobeatic Game Reserve.