hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ma'mun I ibn Muhammad
Abu'l-Ali Ma'mun ibn Muhammad (died 997) was ruler of Khwarazm from 995 until his death in 997. He was the founder of the Ma'munid dynasty, which lasted from 995 until 1017.

Ma'mun was originally the Samanid governor of southern Khwarazm, with his capital at Gurganj. In 995 he invaded northern Khwarazm and deposed the last Afrigid Shah Abu 'Abdallah Muhammad (who was also a Samanid vassal), therefore uniting the province under his rule he would be the namesake for the Ma'munids who would stay in power for 3 decades. Upon his death in 997, his son Abu al-Hasan Ali succeeded him.

Khwarazm
42°18′N 59°9′E﻿ / ﻿42.300°N 59.150°E﻿ / 42.300; 59.150

Khwarazm or Chorasmia is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum Desert, on the south by the Karakum Desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau. It was the center of the Iranian Khwarezmian civilization until the 9th century, when Turkic tribes moved into and ruled the lands. A series of kingdoms such as the Afrighid dynasty and the Anushtegin dynasty, whose capitals were (among others) Kath, Gurganj (now Konye-Urgench) and—from the 16th century on—Khiva. Today Khwarazm belongs partly to Uzbekistan and partly to Turkmenistan.
Exit (South Korean TV series)
Exit (Korean: 엑시트) is a 2018 South Korean television miniseries starring Choi Tae-joon, Woo Hyun and Bae Hae-sun. Spanning four episodes, the miniseries features a struggling man who is subjected to a simulated reality in order to gain happiness and evade all of his sufferings. It aired on SBS from April 30 to May 1, 2018, at the 22:00 (KST).

Jokbal
Jokbal (Korean: 족발) is a Korean dish consisting of pig's trotters cooked with soy sauce and spices. It is usually braised in a combination of soy sauce, ginger, garlic, and rice wine. Additional ingredients used can include onion, leeks, garlic, cinnamon, and black pepper.
Continental Club Rugby League
The Continental Club Rugby League is an annual European rugby union competition organised by the Russian Rugby Federation (RRF). It is the third-tier competition for European clubs behind the European Rugby Challenge Cup and the European Rugby Champions Cup.

Rugby Union of Russia
Rugby Union of Russia (Russian: Союз регбистов России, romanized: Soyuz regbistov Rossii) is the governing body for rugby union in Russia. It was founded in 1936 originally as the Rugby Union of the Soviet Union. The Rugby Union of Russia became affiliated to World Rugby (previously known as the International Rugby Football Board, and still later as the International Rugby Board) in 1990. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, World Rugby and Rugby Europe suspended Russia from international and European continental rugby union competition. In addition, the Rugby Union of Russia was suspended from World Rugby and Rugby Europe.
Heerenveen
Heerenveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦeːrə(ɱ)ˈveːn] ⓘ, West Frisian: It Hearrenfean [ət ˌjɛrn̩ˈfɪən] ⓘ, Stellingwerfs: et Vene) is a town and municipality in the province of Friesland (Fryslân), in the Northern Netherlands. In 2021, the town had a population of 29,790 (1 January) while the municipality had a population of 50,859 (1 July).

The town itself is located southeast of Sneek and southwest of Drachten. Heerenveen is the oldest peat canal village in the Netherlands. Heerenveen is the fourth-largest place in Friesland in terms of population, but is not one of the eleven Frisian cities.

The municipality was formed on 1 July 1934, from parts of former municipalities Aengwirden and Schoterland, and a portion of the municipality of Haskerland. Boarnsterhim also merged into Heerenveen on 1 January 2014.

Stellingwarfs dialect
Stellingwarfs (Dutch: Stellingwerfs) is a Westphalian and Friso-Saxon dialect spoken in Ooststellingwerf and Weststellingwerf in the Dutch province of Friesland, and also in Steenwijkerland and Westerveld in the Dutch province of Overijssel and Drenthe.

Like Het Bildt and Leeuwarden, Weststellingwerf and Ooststellingwerf are among the municipalities of Friesland where West Frisian is not spoken.

The language was identified by the government of the Netherlands in 1996 within Low Saxon.
Maha Harada
Maha Harada (原田 マハ, Harada Maha, born 1962) is a Japanese writer. She has won the Japan Love Story Grand Prize, the Yamamoto Shūgorō Prize, and the Nitta Jiro Literature Prize, she has been nominated multiple times for the Naoki Prize, and several of her novels have been adapted for film and television.

Shinchosha
Shinchosha Publishing Co, Ltd. (株式会社新潮社, Kabushiki Kaisha Shinchōsha) is a publisher founded in 1896 in Japan and headquartered in Yaraichō, Shinjuku, Tokyo. Shinchosha is one of the sponsors of the Japan Fantasy Novel Award, instituted in 1989.
Archegoniatae
Archegoniatae was a higher taxonomic term that indicated those embryophytes having a female sexual organ in the form of an archegonium. The term was first introduced by the Russian botanist Ivan Nikolaevich Gorozhankin (1848–1904) in 1876 to indicate a division including bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms in contrast to the Gynoeciatae (Angiosperms) with a more complex female organ. It has also been used as a general term for mosses (bryophytes) and ferns (pteridophytes), for instance by Douglas Campbell.

In the major post-Darwinian taxonomic systems such as the Engler system it was used to divide the Embryophyta into two divisions, one the Archegoniatae (also called Zoidogamae) containing bryophytes and pteridophytes and the other the Siphonogamae containing the gymnosperms and angiosperms. Campbell indicates that there was both a sensu lato usage which included the gymnosperms, or a sensu stricto usage as in his book, applied only to bryophytes and pteridophytes.

Pteridophyte
A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that reproduces by means of spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. They are also the ancestors of the plants we see today.

Ferns, horsetails (often treated as ferns), and lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts) are all pteridophytes. However, they do not form a monophyletic group because ferns (and horsetails) are more closely related to seed plants than to lycophytes. "Pteridophyta" is thus no longer a widely accepted taxon, but the term pteridophyte remains in common parlance, as do pteridology and pteridologist as a science and its practitioner, for example by the International Association of Pteridologists and the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.
Artur von Casimir
Artur von Casimir (4 September 1908 - 15 December 2005) was a German Oberst and former bomber pilot who flew for the Luftwaffe during World War II. Since 2004 he has received a great deal of publicity in Norway. One of the Heinkel He 111 he flew was recovered from Jonsvatnet lake near Trondheim in 2004, where it had been submerged since falling through the ice during the spring thaw in April 1940. He commanded Kampfgruppe 100 during the German invasion of Norway, and led the air raids on Namsos on 20 April 1940 (See Namsos Campaign). He assumed the position of Gruppenkommandeur over KGr. 100 on 16 February 1940.

Von Casimir was shot down by two Hawker Hurricane fighters from the British No. 46 Squadron RAF during an attack on Skånland in Troms on 29 May 1940. He made an emergency landing at Ulsvåg in Nordland and was captured. Von Casimir was first held as a prisoner of war by the Norwegians, before being transferred to British custody.

Gruppenkommandeur
Gruppenkommandeur is a Luftwaffe position (not rank), that is the equivalent of a commander of a group or wing in other air forces. A Gruppenkommandeur usually has the rank of Major or Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant Colonel), and commands a Gruppe, which is a sub-unit of a Geschwader. A Gruppe usually consists of three or four Staffeln (each of which is commanded by a Staffelkapitän).
2024 Maltese local elections
Local council elections were held in Malta and Gozo on 8 June 2024, in tandem with the European Parliament elections. This is the second time that all local councils of Malta shall be elected simultaneously in a single election, following the 2015 reform abolishing the previous system of half-council elections.

Labour Party (Malta)
The Labour Party (Maltese: Partit Laburista, PL), formerly known as the Malta Labour Party (Maltese: Partit tal-Ħaddiema, MLP), is the governing political party in Malta, and one of the two major parties alongside the Nationalist Party. It sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.

The party was founded in 1921 as the Chamber of Labour by a small group of trade unionists. Ideologically, the party was orientated towards democratic socialism and other left-wing stances until the early 1990s, when it followed the lead of like-minded Western social-democratic parties like Britain's New Labour. The party still claims to be democratic-socialist in their party programme. Under the rule of Joseph Muscat, the party shifted to a more centrist position, adopting Third Way policies. A formerly Eurosceptic party, it claims to hold pro-European stances and is a member of the Party of European Socialists, and the Socialist International.
Kawakawa, New Zealand
Kawakawa is a small town in the Bay of Islands area of the Northland Region of New Zealand. Kawakawa developed as a service town when coal was found there in the 1860s, but coal mining ceased in the early 20th century. The economy is now based on farming. The town is named after the kawakawa shrub.

Piper excelsum
Piper excelsum (formerly known as Macropiper excelsum) of the pepper family (Piperaceae) and commonly known as kawakawa, is a small tree of which the subspecies P. excelsum subsp. excelsum is endemic to New Zealand; the subspecies P. e. subsp. psittacorum is found on Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands.
National Law University, Jodhpur
National Law University, Jodhpur (NLUJ) is a public law school and a National Law University established under the National Law University, Jodhpur, Act, 1999 enacted by the Rajasthan State Legislature. The university was established for the advancement of learning, teaching, research and diffusion of knowledge in the field of law. It is one of the autonomous law schools in India.

The university is recognised by the Bar Council of India, as well as the University Grants Commission under Section 12 (B) of the UGC Act, 1956, and is a member of the Association of Indian Universities.

Association of Indian Universities
Association of Indian Universities (AIU) is an organisation of universities in India, including central universities, state universities, institutes of national importance, and deemed universities. It is based in Delhi. It evaluates the courses, syllabi, standards, and credits of foreign universities pursued abroad and equates them with various courses offered by Indian universities.

The AIU is mainly concerned with the recognition of Degrees/Diplomas awarded by the Universities in India, which are recognized by the UGC, New Delhi, and abroad for the purpose of admission to higher degree courses in Indian universities. The AIU is also an implementing agency for the agreements signed under the Cultural Exchange Programmes executed between India and other countries in the field of education, insofar as it relates to the recognition of foreign qualifications (except for medicine and allied courses).

It is a member of Board of Control for Cricket in India.
Vembur railway station
Vembur railway station (code: VBU) is a railway station situated in Vembur, Dindigul district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The station is an intermediate station on the newly commissioned Salem Junction–Karur Junction line which became operational in  May 2013. The station is operated by the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways and comes under the Salem railway division.

Southern Railway zone
Southern Railway (abbreviated SR) is one of the 18 zones of Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Chennai and operates across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and the union territory of Puducherry. It maintains about 5,081 km (3,157 mi) of railway lines and operates 727 railway stations.

The origin of the Southern Railway can be traced back to the mid-19th century. In 1835, the first railway track in India was constructed in Madras and became operational in 1837. The Madras Railway was formally established later in 1845. The Southern Railway was created on 14 April 1950 by merging three state railways, namely, the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway Company, and the Mysore State Railway and became the first railway zone of the Indian Railways.
2002 Texas lieutenant gubernatorial election
The Texas lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2002, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Texas. The Incumbent, Bill Ratliff did not run for re-election. The Republican, Incumbent Land Commissioner; David Dewhurst was elected against former Democratic Comptroller; John Sharp. Dewhurst became the third Republican to be elected as lieutenant governor.

Lieutenant Governor of Texas
The lieutenant governor of Texas is the second-highest constitutional officer in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the second-highest rank in the state government, behind only the governor.

The lieutenant governor serves as the first person in the gubernatorial line of succession, as an ex officio member of several state boards, and as the president of the Texas Senate. Unlike most lieutenant governors in the U.S., whose position in their respective state senates are largely ceremonial, the lieutenant governor of Texas plays an active role in running the chamber.

The lieutenant governor is elected every four years during the state's midterm elections. It is elected separately from the governor and has no term limits. The current lieutenant governor is Dan Patrick, who has served since January 20, 2015.
Joe Simon (director)
S. M. Joe Simon (1947 or 1948 – 12 February 2026) was an Indian film director, actor, lyricist, screenplay and story writer, known for his work in Kannada cinema.  Some of the films directed by Simon are Mr. Vasu (1995), Wanted (1993), Ravivarma (1992), Snehada Kadalalli (1992).

Simon was a part of more than 100 films in Kannada, either as actor, dialogue writer or director. He had served as the Vice-president of Kannada Film Directors Association (KANFIDA). He died from a heart attack on 12 February 2026, at the age of 78.

Snehada Kadalalli
Snehada Kadalalli is a 1992 Indian Kannada-language romance film directed by Joe Simon and produced by GVK Productions. The film stars Arjun Sarja, Malashri and Sunil. The film's title is adapted from a song from the film Shubhamangala (1975). The film was dubbed in Tamil as Meenavan.

The film's music was composed by Raj–Koti and the audio was launched on the Lahari Music banner.
Macdonald School
Macdonald School is a common school name, especially in Canada, where many schools are named for Canada's first prime minister, Sir John A. Macdonald, and other members of the Macdonald family.

Archbishop MacDonald High School, Edmonton, AB, Canada

W. Ross Macdonald School, Brantford, ON, Canada

Sir John A. Macdonald High School, Halifax, NS, Canada

Laurier Macdonald High School, Montreal, QC, Canada

Sir John A. Macdonald Secondary School (Waterloo, Ontario), Canada

Sir William MacDonald Elementary School, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Sir John A Macdonald Junior High School, Calgary, AB, Canada

Sir John A. Macdonald Secondary School (Hamilton, Ontario), Canada

Macdonald High School, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada

Macdonald-Cartier High School, Saint-Hubert, QC, Canada

Sir John A. Macdonald Collegiate Institute, Agincourt, Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada

Laurel Heights Secondary School
Laurel Heights Secondary School (formerly Sir John A. Macdonald Secondary School) is a high school in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, operated by the Waterloo Region District School Board (WRDSB). It opened in September 2004 and provides both academic and vocational programs. The school had 1,750 students as of the 2025–26 school year. Each year, around 450 new grade 9 students are enrolled from the following elementary schools: Centennial Public School, Edna Staebler Public School, Laurelwood Public School, and Vista Hills Public School  The school is located on 650 Laurelwood Drive in northwest Waterloo. It was originally named after Sir John A. Macdonald, the first prime minister of Canada; in 2022, it was renamed to Laurel Heights Secondary School (LHSS).
Valerija Narvydaitė
Valerija Narvydaitė (5 November 1896 – 5 December 1970) was a Lithuanian communist activist. She was a member of the underground Communist Party of Lithuania (LKP) during the 1920s and 1930s, and spent over 14 years in jails and detention centres. She served as Deputy Minister (Deputy People's Commissar) for Social Welfare of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic 1940–1941 and 1944–1946.

Commissar
Commissar (or sometimes Kommissar) is an English transliteration of the Russian комиссáр (komissar), which means 'commissary'. In English, the transliteration commissar often refers specifically to the political commissars of Soviet and Eastern-bloc armies or to the people's commissars (effectively government ministers), while administrative officers are called commissaries.

The Russian word комисса́р, from French commissaire, was used in Russia for both political and administrative officials. The title has been used in the Soviet Union and in Russia since the time of the emperor Peter the Great (r. 1682–1725).
Elisabeta Polihroniade
Elisabeta Polihroniade (Romanian pronunciation: [elisaˈbeta polihroniˈade]; née Ionescu; 24 April 1935 – 23 January 2016) was a Romanian chess player holding the title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM), and an International Arbiter (1986). She was born in Bucharest.

She won the Romanian Women's Championship in 1966, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1976 and 1977. Polihroniade played for Romania in the Women's Chess Olympiads of 1966, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986 and 1988.

Her peak rating was 2391, achieved in February 1992,.

Polihroniade was a journalist and broadcaster, with her own daily radio programme on contemporary culture. She was the editor of Gambit, the Romanian chess magazine, and wrote many books.

Romanian Chess Championship
The Romanian Chess Championship became a yearly event in 1946, and was held irregularly earlier. A series of national eliminating contests are played to select a 20-player field for the men's final. The women's final consists of 16 players.
Jean-Michel Sanejouand
Jean-Michel Sanejouand (18 July 1934 – 18 March 2021) was a French artist. His work ranged from site-specific art to monumental sculptures, from readymade-like objects, to paintings of oneiric landscapes in which (usually) one of his sculptures stands. During his lifetime, three retrospectives of his work were organized, in Lyon (1986), his birthtown, in Paris (1995), where he lived for thirty years, and in Nantes (2012), in the region where he lived for the rest of his life.

Oneirology
In the field of psychology, the subfield of oneirology (/ɒnaɪˈrɒlədʒi/; from Ancient Greek  ὄνειρον (oneiron) 'dream' and  -λογία (-logia) 'the study of') is the scientific study of dreams. Research seeks correlations between dreaming and knowledge about the functions of the brain, as well as an understanding of how the brain works during dreaming with respect to memory formation and mental disorders. The study of oneirology can be distinguished from dream interpretation in that the aim is to quantitatively study the process of dreams instead of analyzing the meaning behind them.
Gordon Hall (missionary)
Gordon Hall (8 April 1784 – 20 March 1826) was one of the first two American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionaries to Bombay, then-headquarters of Bombay Presidency. He was instrumental in establishing Bombay Missionary Union, and he was the founder of the Bombay Mission or American Marathi Mission, the first American overseas mission station in the world at Bombay.

Nashik
Nashik, formerly Nasik, is a city in the northern region of the Indian state of Maharashtra situated on the banks of the river Godavari, about 165 km (103 mi) northeast of the state capital Mumbai.

Nashik is one of the Hindu pilgrimage sites of the Kumbh Mela, which is held every 12 years.

According to the Ramayana, Nashik is where Lakshmana cut off the nose of the demoness Shurpanakha on the banks of the Godavari River. It is also called Panchavati.
It was known as "Gulshanabad" during the Mughal period.
XXI Constitutional Government of Portugal
The XXI Constitutional Government of Portugal (Portuguese: XXI Governo Constitucional de Portugal) was the 21st government of the Third Portuguese Republic, under the current Constitution. It was in office from 26 November 2015 to 26 October 2019, and was formed by the members of the Socialist Party (PS). António Costa, leader of the PS, served as Prime Minister.

Prime Minister of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to parliament and keeps the president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries. As Portugal is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic, the prime minister is the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive.

There is no limit to the number of terms a person can serve as prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president following legislative elections, after having heard the parties represented in the parliament. Usually, the person named is the leader of the largest party in the previous election, but there have been exceptions over the years.
Julian Martin
Julian Martin (born Melbourne 1969) is an Australian artist, known primarily for his pastel drawings and self-portraits. Martin resides in the Melbourne suburb of Doncaster, and has worked from his Northcote-based studio at Arts Project Australia since 1989, where he has also had numerous solo shows. He has exhibited widely, both nationally and internationally [see Exhibitions] and in 1994 he was a finalist in the Moët & Chandon Travelling Fellowship. In 2014 he was the winner of the Australian State Trustees Connected art prize. His work is held in several public collections, including the Deakin University Art Collection, the City of Melbourne Art and Heritage Collection and Monash University Museum of Art.

Northcote, Victoria
Northcote (/ˈnɔːθkət/ ⓘ) is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6 km (3.7 mi) north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Darebin local government area. Northcote recorded a population of 25,276 at the 2021 census.
2025 NCAA Division III women's ice hockey tournament
The 2025 NCAA Division III women's ice hockey tournament was a single-elimination tournament with twelve schools to determine the national champion of women's NCAA Division III college ice hockey. The first round was played on the campuses of the higher on March 15, 2025, and quarterfinals were played on the campuses of the top four seeded teams on March 22, 2025. The Frozen Four was  played on March 28 and 30, 2025 at Hunt Arena in River Falls, Wisconsin. The Wisconsin–River Falls Falcons defeated the Amherst Mammoths 3–1 to win their second consecutive title.

Wisconsin–River Falls Falcons women's ice hockey
The University of Wisconsin–River Falls (UWRF) women's ice hockey team competes at the  Division III level as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). They finished in the top four in 2003, 2009, 2014, 2015.