hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giovanni Pettinato
Giovanni Pettinato (30 April 1934, in Troina – 19 May 2011, in Rome) was an Assyriologist and paleographer of writings from the ancient Near East, specializing in the Eblaite language, His major contributions to the field include the deciphering of the Eblaite script, discovered by Paolo Matthiae in 1974–75.

Pettinato graduated from Heidelberg in 1968, where he had studied for ten years. In 1968 he began teaching Assyriology at the University of Rome.

Pettinato died on 19 May 2011 at the age of 76. He was an emeritus of several associations, including the Accademia dei Lincei and authored several publications about the Sumerian and Mesopotamian civilizations.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Glyn Mathias
Jonathan Glyn Mathias, OBE (born 19 February 1945) is a British print and broadcasting journalist of over thirty years' standing. He was a lobby correspondent at Westminster for thirteen years, and is the former Political Editor of Independent Television News (1981–1986) and BBC Wales (1994–1999). He was the Electoral Commission's Commissioner for Wales (2001–2008), and as of 2013 is a member of OFCOM's Content Board and Chair of OFCOM's Advisory Committee for Wales.

Ofcom
The Office of Communications (Ofcom) is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, internet, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom.

Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecoms, internet and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive material.

Some of the main areas Ofcom regulates are TV and radio standards, broadband and phones, video-sharing platforms online, the wireless spectrum and postal services.

The regulator was initially established by the Office of Communications Act 2002 (c. 11) and received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003 (c. 21).
Lengua estofado
Lengua estofado (lit. "tongue stew" in Spanish), sometimes known as lengua estofada or simply lengua, is a Filipino dish consisting of braised beef tongue in a sweet sauce with saba bananas, potatoes, or mushrooms. It originates from the similar Spanish and Latin American dish estofado de lengua but differs significantly in the ingredients. The dish is prominent in the regional cuisines of the Kapampangan, Ilonggo, and Negrense people. It is usually prepared for Christmas dinner and other special occasions.

Kapampangan people
The Kapampangan people (Kapampangan: Taung Kapampangan), Pampangueños or Pampangos, are the sixth largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines, numbering about 2,784,526 in 2010. They live mainly in the provinces of Pampanga, Bataan and Tarlac, as well as Bulacan, Nueva Ecija and Zambales.
Jewish name
Jewish names, specifically one's given name, have varied over time and by location and ethnic group. Other types of names used by Jewish people include the surname and the religious name known as the Hebrew name.

Zeved habat
Zeved habat (Hebrew: זֶבֶד הַבָּת - Gift of the Daughter) or Simchat Bat (Hebrew: שמחת בת‎ - Celebration of the Daughter) is the Jewish naming ceremony for newborn girls. The details of the celebration varies somewhat by Jewish community and will typically feature the recitation of specific biblical verses and a prayer to announce the name of the newborn child.

The ceremony is also known by other names including Fadas, Brit Bat (Hebrew: ברית בת‎ - "Covenant of the Daughter") or Brit Kedusha (Hebrew: ברית קדושה‎ - "Covenant of Holiness"). A medieval naming ceremony for girls, according to the custom of some medieval Ashkenazi communities, was known as a Hollekreisch (Yiddish: חול-קרייש‎), or Shabbat Hayoledet ("Sabbath of the Birth Mother").
Samantha Greenberg
Samantha Greenberg is the chief financial officer (CFO) at ID.Me. She was previously the founder, managing partner and chief investment officer (CIO) of Margate Capital Management. Her specialist areas are Technology, Media & Telecommunications (TMT) and Consumer industries.

Chief investment officer
The chief investment officer (CIO) is a Board-level executive, responsible for investments within an organization.  
The CIO's purpose is to understand, manage, and monitor their organization's portfolio of assets, devise strategies for growth, act as the liaison with investors, and recognize and avoid serious risks, including those never before encountered,

the emphasis being a function of the specific industry.
Boards will often create an "Investment Committee" responsible for overall Investment policy, and independent oversight of the specific corporate governance concerns here.

Smaller firms may outsource the position to an "OCIO".
Themis family
The Themis family (adj. Themistian; FIN: 602) is a family of carbonaceous asteroids located in the outer portion of the asteroid belt, at a mean distance of 3.13 AU from the Sun. It is one of the largest families with over 4700 known members, and consists of a well-defined core of larger bodies surrounded by a region of smaller ones. The collisional Themis family is named after its parent body, the asteroid 24 Themis, discovered on 5 April 1853 by Italian astronomer Annibale de Gasparis.

Annibale de Gasparis
Annibale de Gasparis (Italian pronunciation: [anˈniːbale de ˈɡasparis]; 9 November 1819 – 21 March 1892) was an Italian astronomer, known for discovering asteroids and his contributions to theoretical astronomy.
Sandig
Sandig is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Curt Sandig (born 1918), American football player

Jochen Sandig (born 1968), German cultural entrepreneur

Madeleine Sandig (born 1983), German cyclist

Marita Sandig (born 1958), German rower

Rudolf Sandig (1911–1994), German SS officer

Ulrike Almut Sandig (born 1979), German writer

Curt Sandig
Curtis Walter Sandig (July 12, 1918 – February 13, 2006) was an American professional football halfback.

Sandig was born in Mart, Texas, in 1918 and attended Mart High School in that city. He played college football for Baylor and St. Mary's (TX). He played 49 consecutive games in four years with St. Mary's, ending in December 1941.

Sandig was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the fifth round (31st overall pick) of the 1942 NFL draft. He played for the Steelers in 1942, appearing in 11 games, eight of them as a starter. He tallied 116 rushing yards, 103 receiving yards, 373 punt and kick return yards, four touchdowns, and five interceptions for the 1943 Steelers.

Sandig served in the Navy during World War II, missing the 1943, 1944, and 1945 seasons.

After the war, he played in the All-America Football Conference for the Buffalo Bisons in 1946.  He appeared in nine games, one as a starter, for Buffalo.

Sandig died in 2006 at San Antonio.
1976 in the United States
Events from the year 1976 in the United States. Major events include Jimmy Carter defeating incumbent president Gerald Ford in the presidential election of that year, the incorporation of Apple Computer Company and Microsoft, and the New Jersey Supreme Court ruling that Karen Ann Quinlan could be disconnected from her ventilator.

Sal Mineo
Salvatore Mineo Jr. (January 10, 1939 – February 12, 1976) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as John "Plato" Crawford in the coming-of-age drama film Rebel Without a Cause (1955), which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor at age 17, making him the fifth-youngest nominee in the category.

Mineo also starred in films such as Crime in the Streets, Giant (both 1956), Exodus (1960), for which he won a Golden Globe and received a second Academy Award nomination, The Longest Day (1962), John Ford's final western Cheyenne Autumn (1964) and Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971).
Cordova Bay Records
Cordova Bay Records is an independent record label in Victoria, British Columbia. The label operates in conjunction with Cordova Bay Music Publishing under the parent company Cordova Bay Entertainment Group. The company was founded by Michael Burke in 1999 and touts itself as an artist-oriented label.

Bill Bourne
William Sigurd Bourne (28 March 1954 – 16 April 2022) was a Canadian musician. He won three Canadian Juno Awards, and was an eight-time nominee. Bourne's music incorporates a variety of musical styles, including aboriginal, African, Cajun, Celtic, country, delta blues, flamenco, folk, funk, gospel, reggae, and world beat.
Queen Blanche (painting)
Queen Blanche  is a painting by Finnish painter Albert Edelfelt completed in 1877.

The painting depicts a young blond woman depicting Queen Blanche of Namur (1320–1363), the wife of Swedish king Magnus Eriksson (1316–1374) with a boy riding on her knee.

Albert Edelfelt painted the picture in Paris.

The painting is on display at Ateneum in Helsinki, Finland.

Magnus Eriksson
Magnus Eriksson (April or May 1316  – 1 December 1374) was King of Sweden from 1319 to 1364, King of Norway as Magnus VII from 1319 to 1355, and ruler of Scania from 1332 to 1360.

Medieval Swedish kings did not use regnal numbers as part of their title. As the king of Sweden, he is sometimes referred to as Magnus II, Magnus III, or Magnus IV. By adversaries he has been called Magnus Smek (lit. 'Magnus the Caresser'). He is the second longest-reigning monarch in Swedish history after the current king Carl XVI Gustaf, who surpassed Magnus in 2018.
Rahmatabad, Eskelabad
Rahmatabad (Persian: رحمت اباد, also Romanized as Raḩmatābād) is a village in Eskelabad Rural District, Nukabad District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 23 families.

Eskelabad Rural District
Eskelabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان اسكل آباد) is in the Central District of Taftan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Eskelabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Deh-e Pabid.
William A. Thomas
William A. Thomas (October 21, 1948 – January 18, 2019) was an American college football coach and athletics administrator. He served as the head football at Tennessee State University in Nashville, Tennessee from 1984 to 1988 and Texas Southern University in Houston, Texas from 1994 to 2003, compiling a career head coaching record of 84–78–3. Thomas was also the athletic director at Tennessee State from 1986 to 1994.

Tennessee State University
Tennessee State University (Tennessee State, Tenn State, or TSU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1912, it is the only state-funded historically black university in Tennessee. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. Tennessee State University offers 41 bachelor's degrees, 23 master's degrees, and eight doctoral degrees. It is classified as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
1937 Akron Zippers football team
The 1937 Akron Zippers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Akron as an independent during the 1937 college football season. In their second season under head coach Jim Aiken, the Zips compiled a 7–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 139 to 53. William Sturgeon was the team captain.

1937 college football season
The 1937 college football season ended with the Panthers of the University of Pittsburgh being named the nation's No. 1 team (and "mythical national champion") by 30 of the 33 voters in the Associated Press writers' poll.  The AP poll was in its second year, and seven votes were taken during the final weeks of the 1937 season, starting with October 18. Each writer listed his choice for the top ten teams, and points were tallied based on 10 for first place, 9 for second, etc., and the AP then ranked the twenty teams with the highest number of points.  With 33 writers polled, Pitt received 30 first place votes and 3 second-place, for a total of 327 points. Most other major rankings (both contemporary and retroactive) also have found Pittsburgh to have been the champion, though two (the contemporary Dunkel System and retroactive Helms Athletic Foundation rankings) have found California the champion.

1937 marks the first season in which the NCAA began keeping official game statistics.
John Gordon Eliott
John Gordon Eliott (24 January 1872 – 16 May 1948) was a Reform Party Member of Parliament in New Zealand.

He was elected to the Oroua electorate in the 1925 general election, but was defeated in 1928.

He had four children, one was also named John Gordon and served in World War I.

1928 New Zealand general election
The 1928 New Zealand general election was held on 13 and 14 November in the  Māori and European electorates, respectively, to elect 80 MPs to the 23rd session of the New Zealand Parliament.

1928 was the year postal voting was introduced for certain specified groups (e.g. invalids) who could not get to a polling booth on election day.
Bella (2017 film)
Bella is a Ugandan drama film directed by Matt Bish and stars Cinderella Sanyu in her debut film acting role as Bella. It also stars Abby Mukiibi Nkaaga, Matthew Nabwiso, Simon Base Kalema, Roger Mugisha, Stellah Nantumbwe, Joel Okuyo Atiku, Michael Wawuyo Jr. The film premiered at Victoria Hall, Kampala Serena Hotel in October 2017.

Michael Wawuyo Jr.
Michael Wawuyo Jr. (born 17 December 1986) is a notable Ugandan film actor filmmaker and producer. He is highly recognized for his breakout as Brother John in the popular Ugandan hit television series The Hostel (season 1) on NTV. Wawuyo Jr. has become a central figure in modern Ugandan cinema, notably starring in some of the country's first films to reach international streaming platforms like Netflix and some of his movies he has featured in include  Beneath The Lies - The Series, Yat Madit, Kyenvu, Nsiwe, Girl in the yellow jumper and most recently sixteen rounds. As of 2025, he has joined the cast of the drama series Crossroads as Leo, a fixer. He has also recently produced the film Boy No Fear Directed by American director Jonathan Curtis.
Melrose, Florida
Melrose is an unincorporated community in Alachua, Bradford, Clay, and Putnam counties in the U.S. state of Florida.  It lies on State Road 26, approximately 17 mi (27 km) east of Gainesville (straight-line distance) and approximately 50 mi (80 km) southwest of Jacksonville (straight-line distance). The town lies on Lake Santa Fe.

Bradford County, Florida
Bradford County is a county in the north central region of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,303. Its county seat and largest city is Starke. The Florida State Prison is located in an unincorporated part of the county.
National Defence Party (Iceland)
The National Defence Party (Icelandic: Landvarnarflokkurinn) was an Icelandic political movement which operated from 1902 to 1912, founded because of discontentedness with a clause in the Icelandic constitution that stated that the Icelandic minister should bring up cases in the Danish Council of State. The clause was in the constitution from 1903 to 1915, at which point the Danish king ordered that it should be removed.

The founders of Landvarnarflokkurinn, who included Einar Benediktsson, Bjarni Jónsson and Jón Jensson, were the most radical fighters for Iceland's independence of that time.

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
Little Monadnock Mountain
Little Monadnock Mountain, 1,900 feet (579 m), is located in the towns of Fitzwilliam and Troy, New Hampshire. Most of the mountain is located within Rhododendron State Park; there are scenic vistas from ledges just below the summit. The 110 mile Metacomet-Monadnock Trail crosses the mountain.

The mountain is flanked by Gap Mountain four miles northeast and by the Franconia Range (not the major ridge in the White Mountains), 4.5 miles to the west; its south and east slopes drain into the Tully River, then to the Millers River, thence to the Connecticut River and Long Island Sound, while its north and west slopes drain into the Ashuelot River, thence to the Connecticut River.

Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is a marine sound and tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies predominantly between the U.S. state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island in New York state to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches 110 mi (180 km) from the East River and the Throgs Neck Bridge in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound. The sound forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

A mix of freshwater from tributaries, and saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet (20 to 70 m).
Bailey Voisin
Bailey Voisin (born 20 February 2003) is a British-Swiss racing driver currently competing in the European Le Mans Series with United Autosports. He is a champion of the GT4 European Series, having won the title alongside Charlie Fagg in 2021.

Thruxton Circuit
The Thruxton Circuit is a 2.356 mi (3.792 km) motor-racing circuit located near the village of Thruxton in Hampshire, England, United Kingdom, about 30 mi (48 km) north of Southampton.

It has hosted motorsport events including the British Touring Car Championship, British GT Championship, British Formula One Championship, British Formula Three, and GB3 Championship. It is often referred to as the "Fastest Circuit in the UK" where drivers can reach speeds of over 190 mph (300 km/h). To illustrate this, Damon Hill drove his Williams Formula One car around the circuit at an average speed of 147 mph (237 km/h) in 1993.

The site also houses the headquarters of the British Automobile Racing Club (BARC).
Abureti Takaio
Abureti Takaio is an I-Kiribati politician and academic. He was, at one time prior to the mid-1990s, Minister for the Line and Phoenix Groups. In 2002, he was an unsuccessful candidate to the Maneaba ni Maungatabu (national House of Assembly).

Takaio is the author of "Control: 'E Taku te Kamitina'", published in the book Kiribati: Aspects of History, a compendium of articles on I-Kiribati history by I-Kiribati academics.

History of Kiribati
The islands which now form the Republic of Kiribati have been inhabited variously. The Gilbert Islands may have been inhabited for three or four millennia, and certainly for several hundred years. The Phoenix and Line islands, in contrast, seem to have only been inhabited intermittently, because any intended long-lived human inhabitations have been thwarted by droughts and such like. Regarding the Gilberts, the initial Austronesian peoples’ population, which remains the overwhelming majority today, was visited by Polynesian and Melanesian invaders before the first European sailors visited the islands in the 17th century. For much of the subsequent period, the islands were ruled as part of the British Empire.  The country gained its independence in 1979 and has since been known as Kiribati.
Chaukhamba
Chaukhamba is a mountain massif in the Gangotri Group of the Garhwal Himalaya. Its main summit, Chaukhamba I, is the highest peak in the group. It lies at the head of the Gangotri Glacier and forms the eastern anchor of the group. It is located in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand, west of the Hindu holy town of Badrinath.

Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) is the relative height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak (if any) is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
Berestechko urban hromada
Berestechko urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Берестечківська міська територіальна громада) is one of the hromadas of Ukraine, located in Lutsk Raion in Volyn Oblast. Its administrative centre is the city of Berestechko.

The hromada has an area of 223.5 km2 (86.3 mi2), as well as a population of 9,456 (as of 2020).

On July 19, 2020, as a result of the administrative-territorial reform and liquidation of the Horokhiv Raion, the community became part of the newly formed Lutsk Raion.

Decentralisation in Ukraine
Decentralisation in Ukraine is a series of reforms to give additional power and resources to local authorities. This process was intended to advance regional development and border reform. Successful steps have been taken. Angela Merkel, Georg Milbradt and Hugues Mingarelli praised the reforms. In opinion of financial experts (PhD Yevhen Marynchak) decentralizing public funds of territorial communities, the state should use real instruments that can help create a strong regional economy on the territory.
Putyatin (family)
The House of Putyatin (Russian: Путятин, also romanized Poutiatine, Putjatin, Putiatin), is a Russian noble family with princely and noble lines of Rurikid origin. They branched from the dukes of the autonomous principality of Drutsk (themselves a branch of the Izyaslavichi of Polotsk), sometime in mid-15th century.

Prince
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. Prince is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The female equivalent is a princess. The English word derives, via the French word prince, from the Latin noun prīnceps, from primus (first) and caput (head), meaning "the first, foremost, the chief, most distinguished, noble ruler, prince".

In a related sense, now not commonly used, all more or less sovereign rulers over a state, including kings, were "princes" in the language of international politics. They normally had another title, for example king or duke. Many of these were Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
Es ist nichts Gesundes an meinem Leibe, BWV 25
Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata Es ist nichts Gesundes an meinem Leibe (There is nothing sound in my body), BWV 25 in Leipzig for the 14th Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 29 August 1723.

Trinity Sunday
Trinity Sunday is the first Sunday after Pentecost in the Western Christian liturgical calendar, and the Sunday of Pentecost in Eastern Christianity. Trinity Sunday celebrates the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, the three Persons of God: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.