hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qadhadhfa
The Qadhadhfa (also al-Qaddafa, Gaddadfa, Qaddadfa, Gaddafa; Arabic: القذاذفـة, romanized: al-Qaḏāḏifa) is one of the Arab Ashraf tribes in Libya, living in the Sirte District in present-day northwestern Libya. They are traditionally counted amongst the country's Ashraf tribes, and during the Gaddafi regime were regarded as one of the greatest and most powerful tribes in the whole country. Much of the tribe is of Arabized Berber descent.They are now mostly centered at Qasr Abu Hadi, Sirte.

Sirte District
Sirte District (or Sirt or Surt District; Arabic: سرت Surt, pronunciationⓘ), is one of the districts of Libya, in the Tripolitania region in the north of the country and borders the Gulf of Sidra. Its capital is the city of Sirte. Al-Tahadi University is located in Sirte.  To the north, Sirte District has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea and is bordered by Al Wahat in the east, Jufra in the south, Jabal al Gharbi in the west and Misrata in the northwest.

Per the census of 2012, the total population in the region was 157,747 with 150,353 Libyans. The average size of the household in the country was 6.9, while the average household size of non-Libyans being 3.7. There were totally 22,713 households in the district, with 20,907 Libyan ones.  The population density of the district was 1.86 persons per km2.
8K
8K or 8k may stand for:

8K resolution
8K UHDTV, a digital video format

8 K, the quantity 8 kelvins

8000 (number), a natural number

Form 8-K, a United States Securities and Exchange Commission shareholder notification form for key corporate changes

8,000 metres or 8K, a common running race distance

Eight-thousander, a class of tall mountains

GCR Class 8K, a class of British 2-8-0 steam locomotive

China Railways 8K, an Alstom-built electric locomotive

K-Mile Air (IATA airline code)

Alstom
Alstom SA (French: [alstɔm]) is a French multinational rail transport systems manufacturer. It is active in the fields of passenger transportation, rail services, signalling, and locomotives, producing high-speed, suburban, regional and urban trains along with trams.

The company and its name (originally spelled Alsthom) were formed by a merger between the electric engineering division of Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques (Als) and Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston (thom) in 1928. Significant acquisitions later included the Constructions Électriques de France (1932), shipbuilder Chantiers de l'Atlantique (1976), and parts of ACEC (late 1980s).
Yannis Papathanasiou
Yannis Papathanasiou (Greek: Γιάννης Παπαθανασίου) (born 1 January 1954, in Athens) is a Greek politician, former Minister for Economy and Finance of Greece. He is a member of the Hellenic Parliament with the conservative New Democracy party since 2002.

Ministry of National Economy and Finance (Greece)
The Ministry of National Economy and Finance  (Greek: Υπουργείο Εθνικής Οικονομίας και Οικονομικών) is the government department  responsible for overseeing Greece's public finances. The current minister is Kyriakos Pierrakakis, a member of the Hellenic Parliament representing the Athens A constituency for the New Democracy party.

The ministry was established in August 2023 through a renaming and reorganization of the former Ministry of Finance under the Mitsotakis government. The restructured ministry now incorporates entities previously managed by the Ministry of Development.
V. P. Chandrasekar
V. P. Chandrasekar is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Jayalalitha) candidate from Pollachi constituency in 1989 election, and as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 1991 elections.

1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The tenth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 15 June 1991, to elect representatives from the 234 constituencies in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) – Indian National Congress (INC) alliance won the elections in a landslide manner and AIADMK general secretary J. Jayalalithaa became the chief minister on 24 June 1991. This was her first term in office. The united strength of AIADMK after the merger of J.Jayalalithaa, V.N Janaki Ramachandran and R.M Veerappan faction, who was made Joint General Secretary of AIADMK, the alliance with the Congress, and the wave of public sympathy in the wake of Rajiv Gandhi assassination combined to produce a massive victory for the AIADMK. The DMK could only win 2 seats. This was the worst performance of the DMK since it entered electoral politics in the  1957 Madras State Legislative Assembly elections.
Queen Victoria's First Visit to her Wounded Soldiers
Queen Victoria's First Visit to her Wounded Soldiers is an 1856 history painting by the Irish artist Jerry Barrett. It depicts a visit paid on 3 March 1855 by Queen Victoria to Fort Pitt in Chatham to see the wounded British Army soldiers of the Crimean War. She is accompanied by her husband Prince Albert and her two eldest sons Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred as well as senior military figures including the Duke of Cambridge, Charles Grey and Commander-in-Chief Lord Hardinge.

The art collector William Agnew acquired the picture for £420. Today the painting forms part of collection of the National Portrait Gallery in London, having been acquired for the collection in 1993

Commander-in-Chief of the Forces
Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, later Commander-in-Chief, British Army, or just Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), was (intermittently) the title of the professional head of the English Army from 1660 to 1707 (the English Army, founded in 1645, was succeeded in 1707 by the new British Army, incorporating existing Scottish regiments) and of the British Army from 1707 until 1904. The office was replaced in 1904 with the creation of the Army Council and the title of Chief of the General Staff.
Streptanthus anceps
Streptanthus anceps, synonyms Caulanthus anceps and Guillenia lemmonii, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, known by the common name Lemmon's mustard.

It is endemic to California, where it grows on open slopes and plains in the Central Coast Ranges and adjacent Central Valley. It can generally be found in areas with alkaline soils.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
2016 Claro Open Medellín – Men's doubles
Nicolás Barrientos and Eduardo Struvay were the defending champions but chose to participate with different partners. Barrientos partnered Ruben Gonzales while Struvay partnered Alejandro Falla. Barrientos lost in the first round to Gonzalo Escobar and Juan Ignacio Londero.

Struvay successfully defended his title with Falla, defeating André Ghem and Juan Lizariturry 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Nicolás Barrientos
Nicolás Barrientos (Spanish pronunciation: [nikoˈlas βaˈrjentos]; born 24 April 1987) is a Colombian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He reached his highest ATP doubles ranking of world No. 47 on 23 April 2024 and a singles ranking of No. 237 on 21 September 2015.
Barrientos has won two ATP Tour doubles titles, including the 2024 Rio Open with Rafael Matos, and 21 titles on the ATP Challenger Tour.
Asbjørn Ruud
Asbjørn Ruud (6 October 1919 – 26 March 1989) was a Norwegian ski jumper. He dominated the international ski jumping scene in the 1930s with his brothers Birger and Sigmund. Ruud won a gold medal at the 1938 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. Eight years later, he won the ski jumping competition at the Holmenkollen ski festival, the first held since the German occupation of Norway in 1940 during World War II. Ruud finished seventh in the individual large hill competition at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. He won the Holmenkollen medal for ski jumping in 1948, becoming the second of the three brothers to do so.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Marchaty
Marchaty [marˈxatɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biała Rawska, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) east of Biała Rawska, 18 km (11 mi) east of Rawa Mazowiecka, and 72 km (45 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Rawa County
Rawa County (Polish: powiat rawski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Rawa Mazowiecka, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Biała Rawska, lying 17 km (11 mi) east of Rawa Mazowiecka.

The county covers an area of 646.6 square kilometres (249.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 49,443, out of which the population of Rawa Mazowiecka is 17,643, that of Biała Rawska is 3,182, and the rural population is 28,618.
Sauber C3
The Sauber C3 was the third sports prototype racing car that Swiss Peter Sauber designed and developed. It was built in 1973. It scored one race win, seven podium finishes, clinched one pole position, and achieved three additional wins in its class. It was powered by a naturally aspirated 2.0 L (120 cu in) Ford-Cosworth BDG four-cylinder engine, developing 280 hp (210 kW).

Naturally aspirated engine
A naturally aspirated engine, also known as a normally aspirated engine, and abbreviated to N/A or NA, is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not have forced induction through a turbocharger or a supercharger.
Eleanor Margolies
Eleanor Margolies is a writer on theater and has the first Jocelyn Herbert Fellowship at the University of the Arts London, specializing in the Jocelyn Herbert Archive of stage design.

In the 2017 United Kingdom general election, Margolies stood as the London Green Party candidate for Camberwell and Peckham. In 2019, she was number 5 on the Green Party list for the London region in the European Parliament elections. Neither time was she elected.

London Green Party
The London Green Party is the regional party of the Green Party of England and Wales that operates in Greater London. The party holds 3 of the 25 seats in the London Assembly and 45 of the 1,817 London borough councillors.
Shaun MacDonald (footballer, born 1988)
Shaun Benjamin MacDonald (born 17 June 1988) is a Welsh footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cymru South club Trefelin.

A product of the Swansea City youth team, he earned four caps for Wales and is the current record caps holder for the Wales Under 21 team with 25 caps. As well as Swansea, MacDonald played club football for Yeovil Town (on loan), AFC Bournemouth, Wigan Athletic, Rotherham United and Crewe Alexandra.

Cymru South
The Cymru South is a regional football league in Wales, covering the southern half of the country. It initially had clubs with semi-professional status. Together with the Cymru North, it forms the second tier of the Welsh football league system.

The first year of its operation was in 2019–20 with the Football Association of Wales owning and administering the tier 2 leagues for the first time.  These changes followed on from a review of the Welsh Football Pyramid. Prior to 2019, the equivalent league was the Welsh Football League Division One, covering South Wales.
Wallingford station (Connecticut)
Wallingford station is a train station on the New Haven–Springfield Line located in Wallingford, Connecticut. It is served by the CT Rail Hartford Line (consisting of Connecticut Department of Transportation and Amtrak trains) and by Amtrak's Northeast Regional, and Valley Flyer. A new station with high-level platforms opened on November 6, 2017 to the north of the original station. The former station building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Wallingford Railroad Station.

CT Rail
CT Rail, stylized as CTrail, is the brand for commuter rail services overseen by the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT), in the U.S. state of Connecticut, with services on the Hartford Line extending into Massachusetts. CTDOT oversees two lines: Shore Line East, between New Haven and New London, Connecticut, and the Hartford Line, from New Haven, through Hartford, to Springfield, Massachusetts.

Services are operated under contract, with Shore Line East operated by Amtrak along the Northeast Corridor, and the Hartford Line operated by a joint venture of TransitAmerica Services and Alternate Concepts. CT Rail trains, along with other CTDOT rail operations, use the reporting mark CNDX.
Cold wave of January 1977
The cold wave of January 1977 produced the only known trace of snow in the greater Miami area of Florida ever reported. It occurred following the passage of a strong cold front, in combination with a high-pressure area situated over the Mississippi River Valley. As a result, cold air moved far to the south across Florida, causing both snow flurries and record low temperatures. Most notably, the weather system brought snow flurries (seen in the air, but not on the ground) as far south as Homestead on January 19. No snow had ever been reported in southeastern Florida before or since. Damage was most significant to agriculture, as major losses occurred to citrus fruits and tender vegetables. Statewide, agricultural damage from the cold wave totaled to $350 million (equivalent to $1.82 billion in 2024), and losses overall totaled to $2 billion (equivalent to $10.4 billion in 2024). One fatality occurred due to an automobile accident in Central Florida, which was related to the cold wave.

Homestead, Florida
Homestead is a city within Miami-Dade County in the U.S. state of Florida, between Biscayne National Park to the east and Everglades National Park to the west. Homestead is primarily a Miami suburb and a major agricultural area. It is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida, which was home to 6,138,333 people at the 2020 census. It is located approximately 26 miles (42 km) southwest of Miami, and 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Key Largo. The population was 80,737 as of the 2020 census.

The city of Homestead is located near the southern terminus of the Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike where it ends at its junction with U.S. 1.  Homestead is immediately north and east of Florida City, and these two cities comprise the greater Homestead–Florida City area. Some of the notable unincorporated communities in the area are Redland, Leisure City, Naranja, and Princeton.
Henry ministry
The Henry Ministry was the combined cabinet (formally the Executive Council of Ontario) that governed Ontario from December 15, 1930, to July 10, 1934. It was led by the 10th Premier of Ontario, George Stewart Henry. The ministry was made up of members of the Conservative Party of Ontario, which commanded a majority of the seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

The ministry replaced the Ferguson ministry following the resignation of Premier Howard Ferguson. Henry was appointed to the Premiership without a party convention. The Henry ministry governed most of the later part of the 18th Parliament of Ontario.

Henry resigned after his party lost the 1934 Ontario general election. He was succeeded as Premier of Ontario by Mitch Hepburn.

Mitchell Hepburn
Mitchell Frederick Hepburn (August 12, 1896 – January 5, 1953) was the 11th premier of Ontario, from 1934 to 1942. He was the youngest premier in Ontario history, becoming premier at age 37. He was the only Ontario Liberal Party leader in the 20th century to lead his party to two majorities.
Tom Trewin
Thomas Campion Trewin (9 October 1914 – 14 July 1992) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Benalla to farmer Percy Charles Trewin and schoolteacher Ellen Alice Bradbury. Educated at Goorambat and Benalla, he became a farmer at Devenish. On 23 March 1940 he married Eliza May Martin; they had four children.

Active in both the local community and the local Country Party, he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 1961 as the member for Benalla. He served until his retirement in 1982. Trewin died in 1992.

Goorambat
Goorambat /ˈɡʊərəmbæt/ is a town in northern Victoria, Australia.  The town is located in the Rural City of Benalla local government area, 229 kilometres (142 mi) north of the state capital, Melbourne. At the 2016 census, Goorambat and the surrounding area had a population of 297.
Hossein Ghorbanzadeh
Hossein Ghorbanzadeh (Persian: حسین قربان‌زاده) is an Iranian journalist and Principlist politician who was General Secretary of Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran. He is also editor-in-chief of Hamshahri newspaper. He was previously editor-in-chief of local based Tehran Emrooz newspaper.

Hamshahri
Hamshahri (Persian: همشهری, lit. 'Fellow citizen'; Persian pronunciation: [hæmʃæhˈɾiː]) is a major Iranian national Persian-language newspaper in Tehran (whose municipal government owns the newspaper).
Wootton, Northamptonshire
Wootton is a former village about 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Northampton town centre that is now part of Northampton. It is a civil parish in the West Northamptonshire district, in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England.

Wootton is separated from Hardingstone by the Newport Pagnell Road the B526, formerly part of the A50 road. Part of Wootton is alongside the A45 dual carriageway from the M1 to Wellingborough which is seen and heard from that part of the area.

A50 road
The A50 is a major trunk road in England between Leicester and Warrington; historically it was the designation for a major route from London to Leicester.

The A50 runs west-northwest from Leicester to the M1. After a northbound concurrency, the A50 departs the M1.

The segment of the A50 from the M1 west-northwest to Stoke-on-Trent is dual carriageway, mostly built to near-motorway standards and providing access to Derby; in Stoke, it connects with other near-motorways, providing two direct connections to the M6.

The A50 departs the near-motorway within Stoke, travelling northwest as a mostly single carriageway route, ultimately terminating in Warrington.
The Identity Matrix
The Identity Matrix is a science fiction novel by American writer Jack L. Chalker, published in 1982 by Timescape Books. The work focuses on the body swap and enemy mine plot devices, as well as a background conflict between two powerful alien races.

Jack L. Chalker
Jack Laurence Chalker (December 17, 1944 – February 11, 2005) was an American science fiction author. Chalker was also a Baltimore City Schools history teacher in Maryland for 12 years, retiring during 1978 to write full-time. He also was a member of the Washington Science Fiction Association and was involved in the founding of the Baltimore Science Fiction Society.
Biswendra Paswan
Vishwendra Paswan (Nepali: विश्वेन्द्र पासवान) is a Nepalese politician and human rights activist. He was the chairman of the Dalit Janajati Party. He is the president of the Bahujan Shakti Party and an avowed Ambedkarite. He was a member of the Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He served as Minister of Science, Technology, Environment and Population, Govt. of Nepal. He belongs to Dalit community, and follows Buddhism.

Vishwendra Paswan is known as the "Ambedkar of Nepal".

In the 2008 Constituent Assembly election, the Dalit Janajati Party won 1 seat through the Proportional Representation vote. The party selected Paswan as its representative in the assembly.

Ambedkarism
Ambedkarism is called as the teaching, ideology or philosophy of B.R. Ambedkar, an Indian economist, barrister, social reformer, and the first of Minister of Law and Justice in the first cabinet of Jawaharlal Nehru. Ambedkarism includes special focus on subjects such as fraternity, democracy, communal electorates, conversion out of Hinduism, political power, rule of law, Navayana, among others. An Ambedkarite is one who follows the philosophy of Ambedkar. Icons of Ambedkarite ideology also include Periyar, Jyotirao Phule and others.
John Rettaliata
John Theodore Rettaliata (August 18, 1911 – August 8, 2009) was a fluid dynamicist who was president of Illinois Institute of Technology for 21 years, from 1952 to 1973, and served on President Dwight D. Eisenhower's National Aeronautics and Space Council, the predecessor to NASA. He received the American Society of Mechanical Engineers/Pi Tau Sigma joint Gold Medal in 1942, received the Distinguished Alumnus Award of Johns Hopkins University, was a National Honorary Member of the Triangle Fraternity, and held a lifetime position on the Museum of Science and Industry Board of Trustees. He also held the distinction of being one of the first people to fly in a jet aircraft. Illinois Institute of Technology has a professorial position dedicated to Rettaliata, the John T. Rettaliata Distinguished Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, currently occupied by Hassan M. Nagib.

Triangle Fraternity
Triangle Fraternity  () is an American collegiate fraternity for male students majoring in engineering, architecture, and the physical, mathematical, biological, and computer sciences.

Triangle Fraternity organized at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in the fall of 1906 and was incorporated by the state of Illinois on 15 April 1907, which is celebrated each year as Founders' Day.

As of 2025 there are 34 chapters and three colonies of Triangle Fraternity active in the U.S. The headquarters is located in Plainfield, Indiana in a historic building erected as a Carnegie library in 1912.
Immortal Verse
Immortal Verse (foaled 1 May 2008) is an Irish-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. As a two-year-old she showed promise by winning on her debut and finishing second in the Prix d'Aumale. Her early form in 2011 was disappointing as she was beaten in her first two races and refused to enter the starting stalls in the 1000 Guineas. She then made rapid improvement, winning the Prix de Sandringham and the Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot before defeating a strong international field in the Prix Jacques Le Marois. She went on to finish third to Frankel in the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes but failed to reproduce her best form in two races as a four-year-old. After her retirement from racing she was sold at auction for 4.7 million guineas setting a European record price for a broodmare.

Poule d'Essai des Poulains
The Poule d'Essai des Poulains is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts. It is run over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile) at Longchamp in May. It is France's equivalent of the 2000 Guineas run in Britain.