hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
X (Dark Horse Comics)
X is a comic book character who starred in his own self-titled series published by Dark Horse Comics for their Comics Greatest World imprint. He is a dark anti-hero vigilante with little true feeling and a strong tendency to kill.

After the character debuted in Dark Horse Comics #8, his own self-titled series began with a cover date of February, 1994, ending with issue #25 in April 1996.

Dark Horse re-launched the title with issue #0 in April 2013, and a new creative team of Duane Swierczynski and Eric Nguyen.

Jerry Prosser
Jerry Prosser is an American comic book writer and editor, best known for his work with Dark Horse Comics.

Prosser was part of Dark Horse Comics from its early days, and was one of five creators, who as Team CGW created the Comics' Greatest World line for Dark Horse Comics. Since then, he has written for many Dark Horse titles, and moved into editorial duties, most notably on Frank Miller's Sin City: A Dame to Kill For, and various licensed Aliens and Predator comics.

He also penciled part of Godzilla No. 5, one of Dark Horse's earliest licensed properties, in December 1988.

In addition to his work with Dark Horse, Prosser wrote the final ten issues (#80–89) of the Grant Morrison-launched DC/Vertigo series Animal Man in 1995, and has written comics set in the world of Magic: the Gathering for Armada/Acclaim Comics.
Matthew Ridge
Matthew John Ridge (born 27 August 1968) is a New Zealand television presenter, and a former rugby union and rugby league footballer.

A fullback in both codes, Ridge played rugby union for Auckland and became an All Black, but never won an international cap. He turned professional in 1990 with the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles of the New South Wales Rugby League, and was one of two Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles to sign with the Super League which led to him winning the 1996 ARL Premiership. He later captained the Auckland Warriors and New Zealand national team (the Kiwis). An accurate goal-kicker, he set several scoring records in rugby league.

He is now best known for his work in television alongside his partner Marc Ellis in shows including Game of Two Halves and Marc & Matthew's Rocky Road to….

Super League war
The Super League war was a commercial competition between the Australian Rugby League (ARL) and the Australian Super League to establish pre-eminence in professional rugby league competition in Australia and New Zealand in the mid-1990s.

Super League, backed by Rupert Murdoch and News Corporation, competed with the ARL, supported by Kerry Packer and Optus Vision, in and out of court for broadcasting rights and supremacy in the sport. Super League had attracted several clubs disenchanted with the existing administration, and introduced two new clubs, as it attempted to establish itself as the dominant competition. After much legal action, when the ARL tried to block the new league, Super League ran one season parallel to the ARL's in 1997. At the conclusion of that season a peace deal was reached and the two leagues united to form the National Rugby League, which continues today.
The Archer's Craft
The Archer's Craft (ISBN 1-897853-80-7, first published in 1951) by A. E. Hodgkin is a book on the making and use of traditional English and Welsh bows. The book describes how to make both longbows and short hunting bows and arrows. It also describes hunting with the bow and on its history and place in English culture of the yeoman class and royal mandates. It draws inspiration and often quotes from the 16th century Toxophilus written by Roger Ascham.

Roger Ascham
Roger Ascham (/ˈæskəm/; c. 1515 – 30 December 1568) was an English scholar and didactic writer, famous for his prose style, his promotion of the vernacular, and his theories of education.  He served in the administrations of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I, having earlier acted as Elizabeth's tutor in Greek and Latin between 1548 and 1550.
David Fickling Books
David Fickling Books Ltd (DFB) is a publishing company which was founded in 1999 and became an independent publishing house in July 2013 following 12 years (2001-2013) with Scholastic and later Random House. They have published several prize-winning and bestselling books including Lyra's Oxford (from the world of His Dark Materials) by Philip Pullman, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time by Mark Haddon, The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne, Bing Bunny by Ted Dewan, Pants by Nick Sharratt and Giles Andreae, Before I Die by Jenny Downham, Trash by Andy Mulligan (shortly to be a major movie with script by Richard Curtis) and A Boy and a Bear in a Boat by Dave Shelton.

They are the only other publishing house to have ever won the Branford Boase Award three times, other than Chicken House’s Barry Cunningham.

DFB also works closely with The Phoenix, a weekly story comic for children which David Fickling founded.

Giles Andreae
Giles Andreae (born 16 March 1966) is a British writer and illustrator. He is the creator of the stickman poet Purple Ronnie and the humorous artist/philosopher Edward Monkton, and is the author of Giraffes Can't Dance and many other books for children.
Malacca Stamp Museum
Malacca Stamp Museum (Malay: Muzium Setem Melaka) was a postal museum in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia. It was housed in a building that was constructed using local materials and has the shape and characteristics of western architecture.

The museum building was originally used as the residence for Dutch dignitaries living in Malacca until the end of World War II after which the building was abandoned. On 19 March 1954, G.E.W Wisdom, the British Resident Commissioner in Malacca, turned the building into the Malacca State Museum, until it was moved to Stadthuys in 1982. The building was also once occupied by the Malacca Islamic Foundation and the Enforcement Unit of the Malacca Municipal Council. In 2004, the building was restored by the Department of Museum and Antiquity and handed over to the Malacca State Government. In 2007, the state government, in cooperation with Pos Malaysia, decided to set up the Postal Museum in the building.

In 2023, the museum was replaced with a cafe.

Pos Malaysia
Pos Malaysia Berhad (d.b.a Pos Malaysia; English: Malaysian Post; MYX: 4634) is a Malaysian national postal and courier service provider headquartered at the Dayabumi Complex in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was originally established as a government department in the early 1800s before being corporatised in 1992. The company although involved principally in postal and courier service operates as a diversified group involved in aviation, logistics and information technology.
Lionel Herbert Clarke
Lionel Herbert Clarke (July 20, 1859 – August 29, 1921) was a Guelph-born businessman and the 12th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, Canada. In 1911, he was appointed the first chairman of the Toronto Harbour Commission

The son of William Clarke and Clara Piggott Strange, he was educated in Port Hope. In 1891, Clarke married Anne Clara Gertrude Small.

In 1893, Lionel partnered with "barley king" Wilmot Deloui Matthews as L. H. Clarke and Company, malt dealers, then in 1900 they established the Canada Malting Company Limited of which Clarke became president in 1908.

Clarke was appointed lieutenant governor November 20, 1919. Diagnosed with stomach cancer, Clarke died at Government House, Toronto. After a state funeral, he was buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto.

Port Hope, Ontario
Port Hope is a municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada, about 109 km (68 mi) east of Toronto and 159 km (99 mi) west of Kingston. It is at the mouth of the Ganaraska River on the north shore of Lake Ontario, in the west end of Northumberland County. The private Trinity College School opened here in 1865.
Walter Fletcher (running back)
Walter Charles Fletcher (born December 17, 1996) is an American professional football running back. He most recently played for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Fletcher played college football at Edinboro University of Pennsylvania and Ball State. He made his professional football debut in 2021 as a member of the Edmonton Elks.

Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference
The Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference (PSAC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level. The conference was originally formed in 1951 as the State Teachers Conference, and was temporarily named the Pennsylvania State Teachers College Conference in 1956 before assuming its current name in 1964.

The conference's 17 full-time members include 16 based in Pennsylvania and one in West Virginia. The conference's headquarters are in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, and staffed by a commissioner, two assistant commissioners, and a director of media relations.
Ramnit
Ramnit is a computer worm affecting Windows users. It was estimated that it infected 800 000 Windows PCs between September and December 2011. The Ramnit botnet was dismantled by Europol and Symantec in 2015.
At its peak in 2015, Ramnit was estimated to have infected 3,200,000 PCs. Ramnit infects removable media such as USB drives and also hides itself within the master boot record.  As soon as it infects a computer, it copies itself to all attached and removable drives. It also searches and infects files with the extensions .exe, .dll, .htm and .html.

Filename extension
A filename extension, file name extension or file extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file (for example, .txt, .mp3, .exe) that indicates a characteristic of the file contents or its intended use. A filename extension is typically delimited from the rest of the filename with a full stop (period), but in some systems it is separated with spaces.

Some file systems, such as the FAT file system used in DOS, implement filename extensions as a feature of the file system itself and may limit the length and format of the extension, while others, such as Unix file systems, the VFAT file system, and NTFS, treat filename extensions as part of the filename without special distinction.
Self-help book
A self-help book is a book or text that is written with the intention to instruct its readers how to solve their personal problems. They take their name from Self-Help, an 1859 best-selling book by Samuel Smiles, but are sometimes known and classified as "self-improvement" books and media. Self-help books moved from a position in a niche market to much wider adoption and use in the late twentieth century.

Samuel Smiles
Samuel Smiles (23 December 1812 – 16 April 1904) was a British author and government reformer. Although he campaigned on a Chartist platform, he promoted the idea that more progress would come from new attitudes than from new laws. His primary work, Self-Help (1859), promoted thrift and claimed that poverty was caused largely by irresponsible habits, while also attacking materialism and laissez-faire government. It has been called "the bible of mid-Victorian liberalism" and had lasting effects on British political thought.
Salvador Minuchin
Salvador Minuchin (October 13, 1921 – October 30, 2017) was a family therapist born and raised in San Salvador, Entre Ríos, Argentina. He developed structural family therapy, which addresses problems within a family by charting the relationships between family members, or between subsets of family (Minuchin, 1974). These charts represent power dynamics as well as the boundaries between different subsystems. The therapist tries to disrupt dysfunctional relationships within the family, and cause them to settle back into a healthier pattern.

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
Nizhnyaya Salda
Nizhnyaya Salda (Russian: Ни́жняя Салда́) is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Salda River (in the Ob's drainage basin), 205 kilometers (127 mi) north of Yekaterinburg, the administrative center of the oblast.

Ob
The Ob (/ˈɒb/; Russian: Обь) is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia, and with its tributary the Irtysh forms the world's seventh-longest river system, at 5,410 kilometres (3,360 mi). The Ob forms at the confluence of the Biya and Katun which have their origins in the Altai Mountains. It is the westernmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Yenisei and the Lena). Its flow is north-westward, then northward.

The main city on its banks is Novosibirsk, the largest city in Siberia, and the third-largest city in Russia. It is where the Trans-Siberian Railway crosses the river.

The Gulf of Ob is the world's longest estuary.
Piper PA-16 Clipper
The Piper PA-16 Clipper is an extended fuselage model of the PA-15 Vagabond. Both models were designed in 1947 for the same reason – Piper Aircraft found itself in dire financial straits and needed to create new, competitive models using existing parts and tooling. The result was the Vagabond, essentially a side-by-side version of the tandem J-3 Cub credited with saving the company.

Piper Aircraft
Piper Aircraft, Inc. is a manufacturer of general aviation aircraft, located at the Vero Beach Regional Airport in Vero Beach, Florida, United States and owned since 2009 by the Government of Brunei. Throughout much of the mid-to-late 20th century, it was considered to be one of the "Big Three" in the field of general aviation manufacturing, along with Beechcraft and Cessna.

Between its founding in 1927 and the end of 2009, the company produced 144,000 aircraft in 160 certified models, of which 90,000 are still flying.
Laneway house
A laneway house is a form of detached secondary suites in Canada built into pre-existing lots, usually in the backyard and opening onto the back lane. Most laneway houses are small. However, public concern has been raised in some communities about the impact that larger forms of this type of housing may have on privacy. Laneway houses are found in densely populated areas in Canadian cities, including Edmonton, Toronto, and Vancouver.

Back lane
A back lane, laneway, alley or back alley is a service or access road behind houses or, in a commercial district, which was created for deliveries and parking, amongst other things.
In American "service alley rights-of-way are typically 16 feet–24 feet wide, measured from property line to property line".
The name frequently survives as a street name in a much enlarged urban settlement (there is an example in Wheldrake), but it is common for the back lane to be reduced to a narrow pathway.

Back lanes were often found in a planned medieval village running parallel to the main street at the other end of burgage plots. There may be a back lane on each side of the main street which, together with the main street itself, provides a rectangular framework for the development of the village. Although the burgage plot was used for small-scale activities such as livestock or orchards, the back lane frequently divided the village from the main agricultural area such as the open fields.
Van der Corput inequality
In mathematics, the van der Corput inequality is a corollary of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality that is useful in the study of correlations among vectors, and hence random variables.  It is also useful in the study of equidistributed sequences, for example in the Weyl equidistribution estimate.  Loosely stated, the van der Corput inequality asserts that if a unit vector  in an inner product space  is strongly correlated with many unit vectors , then many of the pairs  must be strongly correlated with each other.  Here, the notion of correlation is made precise by the inner product of the space :  when the absolute value of  is close to , then  and  are considered to be strongly correlated.  (More generally, if the vectors involved are not unit vectors, then strong correlation means that .)

Corollary
In mathematics and logic, a corollary (US: /ˈkɒrəˌlɛəri/, KORR-ə-lair-ee; UK: /kəˈrɒləri/, kər-OL-ər-ee) is a proposition which can be readily deduced from a previous, already proven proposition. A corollary could be a proposition that is incidentally proved while proving another proposition; it might also be used more casually to refer to something which naturally or incidentally accompanies something else.
Nagaworld FC
Nagaworld Football Club (Khmer: ក្លឹបបាល់ទាត់ណាហ្គាវើលដ៍, founded in 2001 as NagaCorp FC) is a professional football club based in Kampong Speu province. NagaWorld clinched its fourth Cambodian championship with a week to spare on 23 September 2018, having won the Kingdom's top tier title in 2004, 2007, 2009, and 2018. NagaWorld FC won the Samdech Hun Sen Cup in 2013 and won the KCC Pre-Season Tour in the 2022/23 season and 2023/2024 season. It has won 4 league titles and 1 Hun Sen Cup. Its women's section plays in the Cambodian Women's League.

Kampong Speu province
Kampong Speu (Khmer: កំពង់ស្ពឺ, Kâmpóng Spœ [kɑmpɔŋ spɨː]; lit. 'Port of Starfruit') is a province of Cambodia. It borders the provinces of Pursat and Kampong Chhnang to the north, Kandal to the east, Takéo to the southeast, Kampot to the south and Koh Kong to the west. Parts of the province were designated as Central Cardamom Mountains National Park in 2016. Its capital is the town of Chbar Mon.
Koria railway station
The Koria railway station (Finnish: Korian rautatieasema, Swedish: Koria järnvägsstation) is located in the town of Kouvola, Finland, in the urban area and district of Koria. It is located along the Lahti–Kouvola railway, and its neighboring stations are Kausala in the west and Kouvola in the east.

Urban areas in Finland
In Finland, an urban area or statistical locality (Finnish: taajama, Swedish: tätort) is defined as a cluster of dwellings with at least 200 inhabitants. It may be a city, town or larger village and is a purely statistical concept, not defined by municipal or regional boundaries.

The largest urban area in Finland is the Helsinki urban area with over 1.3 million inhabitants in 2019. It extends across Helsinki as well as ten other municipalities in the Helsinki metropolitan area. The second largest is the Tampere urban area with about 342,000 inhabitants in 2019, and the third largest is the Turku urban area with about 278,000 inhabitants in 2019.

The presence of urban areas is used to regulate traffic, with a default of 50 kilometres per hour (31 mph) speed limit inside an urban area and 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph) outside. Each major road leading in or out of an urban area is marked with a road sign.
Pike Hall Jr.
William Pike Hall Jr., known as Pike Hall Jr. (May 27, 1931 – November 25, 1999), was an associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court from 1990 to 1994.

Hall attended Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, and Louisiana State University, and received a J.D. from the Louisiana State University Law Center in Baton Rouge in 1953.

Hall practiced in Shreveport for a time, and served on the Caddo Parish School Board. In 1970, Hall was elected to the Louisiana Court of Appeal for the Second Circuit, where he served until 1990, when he became an associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court. He served in that position until his retirement from the bench in 1994.

Hall died in Shreveport at the age of 68. The appeals court building in Shreveport was named in his honor.

Lexington, Virginia
Lexington is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 7,320. It is the county seat of Rockbridge County, although the two are separate jurisdictions, and is combined with it for statistical purposes by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Lexington is within the Shenandoah Valley about 57 miles (92 km) east of the West Virginia border and is about 50 miles (80 km) north of Roanoke, Virginia. First settled in 1778, Lexington is best known as the home of the Virginia Military Institute and Washington and Lee University.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
In immunology, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an inflammatory state affecting the whole body. It is the body's response to an infectious or noninfectious insult. Although the definition of SIRS refers to it as an "inflammatory" response, it actually has pro- and anti-inflammatory components.

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to any drug, substance or mechanism that reduces inflammation by lessening the redness, swelling, fever, or pain and loss of function which are part of bodies inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory drugs are agents that inhibit action or production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, histamines and prostaglandins. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain.

Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies.
Hydrogen gas porosity
Hydrogen gas porosity is an aluminium casting defect in the form of a porosity or void in an aluminium casting caused by a high level of hydrogen gas (H2) dissolved in the aluminium at liquid phase. The solubility of hydrogen in solid aluminium is much smaller than in liquid aluminium. As the aluminium freezes, some of the hydrogen comes out of solution and forms bubbles, creating porosity in the solid aluminium.

Aluminium foundries want to produce high-quality aluminum castings with minimum porosity. Hydrogen porosity can be reduced by reducing the amount of hydrogen in the liquid aluminium alloy, by degassing or sparging. (Sometimes a small hydrogen concentration is intentionally maintained; some very fine hydrogen porosity can be preferable to internal voids caused by shrinkage.) Directional solidification can drive impurities to one end of the casting.

Degassing
Degassing, also known as degasification, is the removal of dissolved gases from liquids, especially water or aqueous solutions. There are numerous methods for removing gases from liquids.

Gases are removed for various reasons. Chemists remove gases from solvents when the compounds they are working on are possibly air- or oxygen-sensitive (air-free technique), or when bubble formation at solid-liquid interfaces becomes a problem. The formation of gas bubbles when a liquid is frozen can also be undesirable, necessitating degassing beforehand.
1992 Benson and Hedges Open – Doubles
Sergio Casal and Emilio Sánchez were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.

Wayne Ferreira and Jim Grabb won the title, defeating Grant Connell and Glenn Michibata 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Jim Grabb
Jim Grabb (born April 14, 1964) is an American former professional tennis player. In doubles, he won the 1989 French Open and the 1992 US Open. He was ranked the world No. 1 doubles player in both 1989 and 1993. His best singles ranking of world No. 24, he achieved in 1990.