hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
URI normalization
URI normalization is the process by which URIs are modified and standardized in a consistent manner. The goal of the normalization process is to transform a URI into a normalized URI so it is possible to determine if two syntactically different URIs may be equivalent.

Search engines employ URI normalization in order to correctly rank pages that may be found with multiple URIs, and to reduce indexing of duplicate pages. Web crawlers perform URI normalization in order to avoid crawling the same resource more than once. Web browsers may perform normalization to determine if a link has been visited or to determine if a page has been cached. Web servers may also perform normalization for many reasons (i.e. to be able to more easily intercept security risks coming from client requests, to use only one absolute file name for each resource stored in their caches, named in log files, etc.).

Web cache
A web cache (or HTTP cache) is a system for optimizing the World Wide Web. It is implemented both client-side and server-side. The caching of multimedia and other files can result in less overall delay when browsing the Web.
Topsæ
Topsæ is a lake in the municipality of Bygland in Agder county, Norway.  The 2.4-square-kilometre (0.93 sq mi) lake is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the lake Hovatn, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of the village of Åraksbø.  The Topsæfossen waterfall is located at the north end of the lake at the primary inflow.  At the southeastern corner of the lake, there is a small dam to regulate the outflow of the lake into the Tovdalselva watershed.

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.
Andrew Cumming
Major General Andrew Alexander John Rennie Cumming CBE is a retired British Army officer who served in the Balkans as part of the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR). After leaving the Army in 2004, Cumming took up the position of Controller at SSAFA Forces Help, a volunteer organisation set up to help serving and former British service personnel.

Kosovo Force
The Kosovo Force (KFOR) is a NATO-led international peacekeeping force and military of Kosovo. KFOR is the third security responder, after the Kosovo Police and the EU Rule of Law (EULEX) mission, respectively, with whom NATO peacekeeping forces work in close coordination. Its operations are gradually reducing until the Kosovo Security Force, established in 2009, becomes self-sufficient.

KFOR entered Kosovo on 12 June 1999, one day after the United Nations Security Council adopted the UNSC Resolution 1244. At the time, Kosovo was facing a grave humanitarian crisis, with the Yugoslav Army in action against the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) in daily engagements. Nearly one million people had fled Kosovo as refugees by that time, many of whom left permanently.

Currently, 33 states contribute to the KFOR, with a combined strength of 5,249 military personnel.
2023 Champion versus Champion
The 2023 Champion versus Champion was the 30th edition of the Champion versus Champion tournament. The tournament consisted of the winner of the 2022 Fiji Premier League and the 2022 Digicel FA Cup Tournament. Suva won the tournament on aggregate 2–1.

2022 Fiji Premier League
The 2022 Fiji Premier League, also known as the 2022 Digicel Premier League for sponsorship reasons, was the 46th season of the Fiji Premier League, the highest level of the Fijian football league system. The season began on 13 February and ended on 11 September.

Rewa won their first title, while defending champions Lautoka finished second. Nasinu finished last and were relegated back to the Senior League after just one season.
Matagi Island
Matagi (pronounced [maˈtaŋi]), sometimes written Matangi, is an island the Vanua Levu Group in northern Fiji, situated 16°44 South 179° West.  It is one of three tiny volcanic islands grouped to the east of Thurston Point on the island of Taveuni, the others being Qamea and Laucala.  The horseshoe-shaped islet of 97 hectares (240 acres) lies 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) east of Thurston Point. Inaccessible until recently, this privately owned island has been turned into an up-market resort.   Apart from diving, activities include fishing, windsurfing, sailing, water-skiing, and snorkelling.  There is a speedboat link between Matagi and Taveuni.

The beach forest and flooded volcanic caldera of the island contribute to its national significance as outlined in Fiji's Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan.

Windsurfing
Windsurfing is a wind-propelled water sport that is a combination of sailing and surfing. It is also referred to as "sailboarding" and "boardsailing", and emerged in the late 1960s from the Californian aerospace and surf culture. Windsurfing gained a popular following across Europe and North America by the late 1970s and had achieved significant global popularity by the 1980s. Windsurfing became an Olympic sport in 1984.
1995–96 Primeira Divisão
The 1995–96 Primeira Divisão was the 62nd edition of top flight of Portuguese football. It started on 19 August 1995 with a match between União de Leiria and Marítimo, and ended on 12 May 1996. Starting from this season, Portugal implemented the three points for a win rule, after FIFA formally adopted the system. The league was contested by 18 clubs with Porto as the defending champions.

Porto won the league and qualified for the 1996–97 UEFA Champions League group stage, Benfica qualified for the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup first round, and Sporting CP, Boavista and V. Guimarães qualified for the 1996–97 UEFA Cup; in opposite, União da Madeira, Beira-Mar and Vitória de Setúbal were relegated to the Liga de Honra. Domingos  was the top scorer with 25 goals.

1996–97 UEFA Champions League
The 1996–97 UEFA Champions League was the 42nd season of UEFA's premier European club football tournament, the fifth since its rebranding as the UEFA Champions League, and the last that involved only clubs that were champions of their domestic leagues. Due to the Bosman ruling, restrictions on foreign players in matchday squads were lifted from this season.

The tournament was won by Borussia Dortmund in a 3–1 final victory against defending champions Juventus. It was their only title in the tournament to date, and the first title for Germany since its reunification in 1990.
Sucking blister
Sucking blisters are a cutaneous condition on newborns that is present on their extremities at birth. This is not to be confused with sucking pads, which are similar in appearance. Sucking blisters are due to natural neonatal sucking reflexes on the affected areas in utero. These sucking blisters become present at birth when the sucking movements are very aggressive while in the uterus. These blisters are commonly found on the newborn's arms, fingers, or any body part they are able to suck on. It is a very rare condition, seen in less than 1% of newborns. It is difficult to diagnose because its appearance can be mistaken as other skin conditions. Diagnosis is usually done by eliminating other possible cutaneous conditions. This process of elimination includes examining blood culture, lesions, and inflammatory markers. This skin condition is usually self-inflicted, benign and can heal on its own. Sucking blisters do typically not require medical treatment and disappear within a week.

Birth
Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring, also referred to in technical contexts as parturition. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the muscular walls of the uterus to contract, expelling the fetus at a developmental stage when it is ready to feed and breathe.

In some species, the offspring is precocial and can move around almost immediately after birth but in others, it is altricial and completely dependent on parenting.

In marsupials, the fetus is born at a very immature stage after a short gestation and develops further in its mother's womb  pouch.

It is not only mammals that give birth. Some reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates carry their developing young inside them. Some of these are ovoviviparous, with the eggs being hatched inside the mother's body, and others are viviparous, with the embryo developing inside their body, as in the case of mammals.
Nagykovácsi
Nagykovácsi (German: Großkowatsch) is a small town located in Budakeszi District, in the western part of Pest county, central Hungary. It is situated some 15 km (9 mi) north-west of the centre of Budapest, in a valley. According to the 2011 census, the population amounted to 7095, though this figure does not include individuals who own property as a secondary residence in the town. Nagykovácsi today attracts tourists and new residents alike, due to its proximity to Budapest, attractive and peaceful setting, surrounding by hills and forests. Some of the nearby areas have been designated conservation areas—Budai Tájvédelmi Körzet (the "Buda Land Protection Area")—in order to protect several of its rare species of flora. Its location has contributed to the town's development in recent decade. The American International School of Budapest chose Nagykovácsi as the site for its new campus in 2000.

Pest County
Pest (Hungarian: Pest vármegye, pronounced [ˈpɛʃt]; German: Komitat Pest) is a county (vármegye) in central Hungary. It covers an area of 6,393.14 square kilometres (2,468.41 sq mi), and has a population of 1,339,090 (2023). The suburbs of Budapest surrounds the national capital Budapest and is the county's largest administrative unit (13.8%/1.3 million in 2013). It shares borders with Slovakia and the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, Bács-Kiskun, Fejér, and Komárom-Esztergom. The River Danube flows through the county. The capital of Pest County is Budapest, although Budapest is not part of Pest County. Starting 2018, they also constitute different NUTS:HU level 2 regions, as previously Pest County has lost catch-up aids from the European Union because of the high development of Budapest.
French frigate Brillant (1757)
Brillant was a two-deck, 64-gun vessel of the East Indiaman type, built by Jacques-Luc Coulomb for the East India Company and launched at Lorient in 1757. Acquired by the French Royal Navy in November 1758, it was converted into a second-rate ship of the line. The ship was dismantled in 1773.

The vessel was designed in accordance with French naval standards of the 1730s and 1740s, which sought to balance construction costs, maneuverability, and firepower. This approach aimed to produce moderately armed ships capable of operating effectively against the numerically superior British navy.

64-gun ship
The 64-gun ship of the line was a type of two-decker warship defined during the 18th century, named after the number of their guns. 64-guns had a lower battery of 24-pounders and an upper battery of 12-pounders. Heavier variants with 18-pounders on the upper deck also existed.
Stéphane Derenoncourt
Stéphane Derenoncourt is a French vigneron working as a consultant for numerous estates in Bordeaux and other wine producers worldwide. With his wife, Christine Derenoncourt, he runs Vignerons Consultants and owns Domaine de l'A in the Côtes de Castillon and Derenoncourt California in Napa Valley. He is entirely self-taught.

Bordeaux wine
Bordeaux wine (Occitan: vin de Bordèu; French: vin de Bordeaux) is produced in the Bordeaux region of southwest France, around the city of Bordeaux, on the Garonne River. To the north of the city, the Dordogne River joins the Garonne forming the broad estuary called the Gironde; the Gironde department, with a total vineyard area of 110,800 hectares, is the second largest wine-growing area in France behind the Languedoc-Rousillon.

Average vintages produce over 700 million bottles of wine, ranging from large quantities of daily table wine to some of the world's most expensive and prestigious wines. The vast majority of wine produced in Bordeaux is red (sometimes called "claret" in Britain), with sweet white wines (most notably Sauternes), dry whites, and (in much smaller quantities) rosé and sparkling wines (Crémant de Bordeaux) collectively making up the remainder. Bordeaux wine is made by more than 5,660 producers or châteaux. There are 65 appellations of Bordeaux wine.
Carina Kern
Carina Kern is a geneticist and biotechnology executive known for her work on the biology of aging, the molecular mechanisms of chronic disease and space biology. She is founder and CEO of LinkGevity Limited, a biotechnology company based at the Babraham Research Campus, affiliated with the University of Cambridge. Her work focuses on the development of therapeutics targeting degenerative processes, using artificial intelligence to guide drug discovery and molecular modeling. Kern was previously at the Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment in the University College London.

She has held academic and leadership roles in interdisciplinary networks, including serving as President of the London Evolutionary Research Network  and Co-Chair of the CleanTech Business Challenge, an initiative co led by University College London and the London Business School.

Babraham Institute
The Babraham Institute is a life sciences research institution focussing on healthy ageing. The Babraham Institute is based on the Babraham Research Campus, partly occupying a former manor house, but also laboratory and science facility buildings on the campus, surrounded by an extensive parkland estate, just south of Cambridge, England. It is an independent and charitable organization which is involved in biomedical research, including healthy aging and molecular biology. The director is Dr Simon Cook who also leads the Institute's signalling research programme.

The Babraham Institute is a member of EU-LIFE, an alliance of leading life sciences research centres in Europe. It is also a partner organisation of the University of Cambridge
Priory of St. Cosmas (La Riche)
The Priory of St. Cosmas (French: Prieuré de Saint-Cosme) or the Priory of Ronsard is a former priory built upon an island in the river Loire at La Riche near Tours in Touraine, founded in the 11th century and dedicated to St. Cosmas. The site features a museum dedicated to the French poet Ronsard, who spent the last twenty years of his life among the Canons Regular there.

Touraine
Touraine (US: /tuˈreɪn, tuˈrɛn/; French: [tuʁɛn] ⓘ) is one of the traditional provinces of France. Its capital was Tours. During the political reorganization of French territory in 1790, Touraine formed the bulk of the Indre-et-Loire department as well as parts of the new departments of Loir-et-Cher, Indre and Vienne.
Albert Toeaina
Albert Jesse Toeaina (born June 26, 1984) is an American former professional football offensive tackle He was signed by the Carolina Panthers as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Tennessee.

Toeaina was born in San Francisco to a Samoan American family. Growing up in Antioch, California, Toeiana graduated from Pittsburg High School. He began his college football career at the City College of San Francisco before transferring to the University of Tennessee.

He was also a member of the Oakland Raiders, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, and Las Vegas Locomotives.

Las Vegas Locomotives
The Las Vegas Locomotives (called the Locos for short) were a professional American football team based in Las Vegas, Nevada that played in the United Football League. The team played their home games at Sam Boyd Stadium, home field for the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Jim Fassel was the franchise's head coach, president, and general manager. The Locomotives appeared in all three UFL championship games, winning both the 2009 and 2010 iterations; the Locos were also the last of the four charter UFL franchises to remain in their original home city, to retain their original head coach, and to have played all of their home games at the same venue.
Carlos José Pereira de Lucena
Carlos José Pereira de Lucena (Recife, Brazil, September 30, 1943) is a Brazilian computer science researcher. He is one of the pioneers of computer science research in Brazil, having worked on the first computer in Latin America, and being a founding member of the  Brazilian Computer Society. As of 2018, Lucena's research work has had over 9,500 citations.

Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
The Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; PUC-Rio) is a Jesuit, Catholic, pontifical university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the joint responsibility of the Catholic Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro and the Society of Jesus.
Dene Academy
Dene Academy (formerly Dene Community School) is a coeducational secondary school located in Peterlee, County Durham, England.

Established in 1962, in November 2012 the school relocated to a new building on the same site. Previously a community school administered by Durham County Council, in September 2019 Dene Community School converted to academy status and was renamed Dene Academy. The school is now sponsored by the Advance Learning Partnership.

Dene Academy offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils. Most graduating students go on to attend East Durham College.

Community school (England and Wales)
A community school in England and Wales is a type of state-funded school in which the local education authority employs the school's staff, is responsible for the school's admissions and owns the school's estate. The formal use of this name to describe a school derives from the School Standards and Framework Act 1998.
New York State Route 961F
New York State Route 961F (NY 961F) is a reference route in the Southern Tier of New York in the United States. It extends for 5.90 miles (9.50 km) from an intersection with NY 70 east of the Allegany County village of Canaseraga to a junction with NY 36 in the Steuben County village of Arkport. Although NY 961F follows a mostly north–south alignment, it is inventoried as an east–west route by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). Unlike most reference routes, NY 961F is signed as a touring route. The highway was part of NY 38 in the 1920s and part of NY 70 from the 1930s to the 1970s.

New York State Department of Transportation
The New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) is the department of the New York state government responsible for the development and operation of highways, railroads, mass transit systems, ports, waterways and aviation facilities in the U.S. state of New York.
Brežec pri Podgorju
Brežec pri Podgorju (pronounced [ˈbɾeːʒəts pɾi pɔdˈɡoːɾju]; Italian: Brese di Piedimonte) is a small settlement with no permanent residents in the City Municipality of Koper in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

Urban Municipality of Koper
The Urban Municipality of Koper (pronounced [ˈkoːpəɾ]; Slovene: Mestna občina Koper, Italian: Comune città di Capodistria) is one of twelve urban municipalities of Slovenia. It is located at the coastline of the Adriatic Sea in southwestern Slovenia and was established in 1994. The seat of the municipality is the town of Koper. Since 1995, the area has been part of the Coastal–Karst Statistical Region. The municipality is bilingual, with both Slovene and Italian recognized, and it shares borders with Italy and Croatia.
Basulya Sutahata railway station
Basulya Sutahata railway station is a railway station on the Panskura–Haldia branch line in South Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. The railway station is situated beside Haldia–Mecheda road at Durbbabere, Sutahata in Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Haldia
Haldia (Bengali: [ɦɔld̪ija]) is an industrial port city in Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It has a major river port and industrial belt located approximately 124 km (77 mi) southwest of Kolkata near the mouth of the Hooghly River, one of the distributaries of the Ganges. The Haldia Township is bordered by the Haldi River, an offshoot of the Ganges River. Haldia is a centre for petrochemical businesses, and is a major trade port for Kolkata.
Stagebill
Stagebill was a monthly U.S. magazine for theatregoers. Most copies of the publication were printed for particular productions and distributed at the door as the show's program. It was launched as a direct rival to the highly successful monthly Playbill. But after five years of head-to-head competition with Playbill, Stagebill became insolvent and was acquired by its rival which also kept the Stagebill trademark.

Programme (booklet)
A programme or program (see spelling differences) is a booklet available for patrons attending a live event such as theatre performances, concerts, fêtes, sports events, etc. It is a printed leaflet outlining the parts of the event scheduled to take place, principal performers and background information. In the case of theatrical performances, the term playbill is also used. It may be provided free of charge by the event organisers or a charge may be levied.
Comasco-Lecchese dialects
The group of dialects Comasco-Lecchese is part of the Western Lombard language and is spoken in the province of Como and province of Lecco in Italy, especially around the capital cities and north of them. In other parts of this provinces, other Western Lombard varieties are spoken (Brianzoeu, Bustocco and Legnanese dialects).

The most important dialects are:

Comasco dialect (spoken in the city and suburbs of Como)

Intelvese dialect (spoken in Val d'Intelvi)

Laghée dialect (spoken on the lake coast north to the city)

Lecchese dialect (spoken in the city and suburbs of Lecco)

Vallassinese dialect (spoken in the Vallassìna valley)

Valsassinese dialect (spoken in the Valsàssina valley)

Valsassina
Valsassina is a valley in the Alps of Lombardy, northern Italy, within the province of Lecco.
It is included between the Grigna range from West, and the Bergamo Prealps which, in a half-circle stretching from North to East, separate it from the valley of the area of Bergamo and the Valtellina. Valsassina also reaches the Lecco's branch of Lake Como at Lecco itself and Bellano.

The valley is run by the Pioverna stream, which flows from the Grigne to the Lake Como. It's peculiar because it flows from south to north.
Indrechtach mac Dúnchado
Indrechtach mac Dúnchado Muirisci (died 707) was a King of Connacht from the Ui Fiachrach Muaidhe branch of the Connachta. He was the son of a previous king Dúnchad Muirisci mac Tipraite (died 683). He reigned from 705 to 707.

His predecessor Cellach mac Rogallaig (died 705) had defeated an attempt by the northern Ui Neill to assert their supremacy at the Battle of Corann in 703. In revenge the northern Ui Neill under Fergal mac Máele Dúin of the Cenél nEógain; Fergal mac Loingsig of the Cenél Conaill; and Conall Menn of the Cenél Coirpri defeated and slew Indrechtach in 707. The Annals of Tigernach refer to Indrechtach as "king of the Three Connachta" which indicated the beginnings of a true provincial over-kingship in hostility to Ui Neill pretensions.

Indrechtach's son Ailill Medraige mac Indrechtaig (died 764) was also a King of Connaught.

Uí Néill
The Uí Néill (pronounced [iː ˈnʲeːl̠ʲ]; meaning "descendants of Niall") are Irish dynasties that claim descent from Niall Noígíallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages), a historical King of Tara who is believed to have died around c. 405. They are generally divided into the Northern and Southern Uí Néill.