hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hobbesian trap
The Hobbesian trap (or Schelling's dilemma) is a theory that explains why preemptive strikes occur between two groups, out of bilateral fear of an imminent attack. Without outside influences, this situation will lead to a fear spiral (catch-22, vicious circle, Nash equilibrium) in which fear will lead to an arms race which in turn will lead to increasing fear. The Hobbesian trap can be explained in terms of game theory. Although cooperation would be the better outcome for both sides, mutual distrust leads to the adoption of strategies that have negative outcomes for both individual players and all players combined. The theory has been used to explain outbreaks of conflicts and violence, spanning from individuals to states.

Arms race
An arms race occurs when two or more groups compete in military superiority. It consists of a competition between two or more states to have superior armed forces, concerning production of weapons, the growth of a military, and the aim of superior military technology. Unlike a sporting race, which constitutes a specific event with winning interpretable as the outcome of a singular project, arms races constitute spiralling systems of on-going and potentially open-ended behavior.

The existing scholarly literature is divided as to whether arms races correlate with war. International-relations scholars explain arms races in terms of the security dilemma, engineering spiral models, states with revisionist aims, and deterrence models.
Torbay Lifeboat Station
Torbay Lifeboat Station is the base for Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) search and rescue operations at Brixham, Devon in England. Brixham Lifeboat Station was opened in 1866 but since 1924 has been known as 'Torbay'. Since 2005 it has operated a Severn-class all-weather lifeboat (ALB) together with a D-class (IB1) inshore lifeboat (ILB).

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Wilhelm Johannsen
Wilhelm Johannsen (3 February 1857 – 11 November 1927) was a Danish pharmacist, botanist, plant physiologist, and geneticist. He is best known for coining the terms gene, phenotype and genotype, and for his 1903 "pure line" experiments in genetics.

Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processes or develop genetic technologies to aid in the pharmaceutical or and agriculture industries. Some geneticists perform experiments in model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, rodents or humans and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of biological traits. A basic science geneticist is a scientist who usually has earned a PhD in genetics and undertakes research and/or lectures in the field. A medical geneticist is a physician who has been trained in medical genetics as a specialization and evaluates, diagnoses, and manages patients with hereditary conditions or congenital malformations; and provides genetic risk calculations and mutation analysis.
Drug courts in Australia
Drug courts have been established in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, and Western Australia. People appearing in Australian drug courts often fall outside the parameters for other pre-court diversion programs.

Drug court
Drug courts are problem-solving courts that take a public health approach to criminal offending using a specialized model in which the judiciary, prosecution, defense bar, probation, law enforcement, mental health, social service, and treatment communities work together to help addicted offenders into long-term recovery. Instead of punishment, their purpose is to address one of the underlying drivers of crime and, in the process, reduce the use of imprisonment, potentially leading to substantial cost-savings. Drug courts aim to do this by incentivizing or mandating offenders into addiction treatment combined with frequent drug testing and regular monitoring by the judge.
Perpetual Altas, Lady Altas and Junior Altas
The Perpetual Altas and Lady Altas, or the UPHSD Altas and Lady Altas, are the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) teams of the University of Perpetual Help System DALTA. They are also popularly known as the Perps.

Since joining the NCAA in 1984, the university's senior varsity basketball team only made the NCAA Finals twice. In spite of the poor financial support, their biggest run was in the late 1980s, led by the "big three" Bong Hawkins, Eric Quiday, and Ronald Sy, against the SSCR Stags' "big three", Paul Alvarez, Eugene Quilban, and Nap Hatton. They are the only NCAA basketball team that joined in the 20th century that's still in the NCAA to have never won a men's basketball championship.

The Altas have been successful in other sports, winning titles in volleyball and in the NCAA Cheerleading Competition.

The university's juniors' team are called the UPHSD Junior Altas (formerly the "Altalettes").

NCAA Cheerleading Competition
The NCAA Cheerleading Competition previously known as NCAA Cheerdance Competition is an annual one-day event of the National Collegiate Athletic Association for cheerleading in the Philippines.

In the 87th season of the NCAA, cheerleading has been upgraded to a regular sport which means it will contribute points in the overall championship race.
2018 Nebraska elections
The 2018 Nebraska elections were held on November 6, 2018. All of Nebraska's executive were up for election, as well as a United States Senate seat, all three of Nebraska's seats in the United States House of Representatives, half of the seats in the Nebraska Legislature, and seats on the Nebraska Public Service Commission, the State Board of Education, and the Board of Regents.

2012 Nebraska elections
The 2012 Nebraska state elections took place on November 6, 2012. At the federal level, voters elected a member of the United States Senate and three members of the United States House of Representatives. At the state level, half of the seats in the Nebraska Legislature were on the ballot, as well as positions on the Nebraska Public Service Commission, State Board of Education, and Board of Regents. Voters also cast ballots in judicial retention elections and on four separate constitutional amendments.
Ireland's Classic Hits Radio
Ireland's Classic Hits Radio is an Irish independent multi-region radio station based in Dublin, and broadcasting to that city as well as Cork, Limerick, Galway, County Clare, County Wicklow, County Kildare, County Meath. It can also be picked up in parts of County Kerry, County Tipperary, County Waterford, County Wexford and County Mayo.

The station broadcasts under a sound broadcasting contract from the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland, aimed at Ireland's four main commuter belts, hence its original name of "4FM". It later went by "Classic Hits 4FM", dropping the "4FM" part in 2018 and becoming Ireland's Classic Hits Radio in 2021.

The station is part of Bay Broadcasting Limited, which also has interests in Radio Nova and Sunshine 106.8.

Broadcasting Authority of Ireland
The Broadcasting Authority of Ireland (BAI; Irish: Údarás Craolacháin na hÉireann) is a former broadcasting authority which regulated both public and commercial broadcasting sector in Ireland.

It was established in 2009, effectively replacing the  Broadcasting Commission of Ireland (BCI) (Irish: Coimisiún Craolacháin na hÉireann). It was dissolved in 2023 and its staff and functions were transferred to a new body entitled Coimisiún na Meán.
Abdülmecid II
Abdülmecid II or Abdul Mejid II (Ottoman Turkish: عبد المجید ثانی, romanized: ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd-i sânî; Turkish: II. Abdülmecid; 29 May 1868 – 23 August 1944), commonly known as Abdülmecid Efendi, was the last Ottoman caliph, the only caliph of the Republic of Turkey, and head of the Osmanoğlu family from 1926 to 1944. Unlike previous caliphs, he used the title Halîfe-i Müslimîn ("Caliph of the Muslims"), instead of Emîrü'l-Mü'minîn ("Commander of the Faithful").

He was also a relatively famous artist and a Turkish aesthete, interested in art, mainly literature, painting, and music, and ways to promote it in Turkey. After the abolition of the Ottoman caliphate, he was succeeded for several months by Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif and Emir of Mecca and King of the Hejaz, who was mostly recognized in the Arab world.

He died in Paris in 1944 and was buried as a caliph in Medina.

Amir al-Mu'minin
Amir al-Mu'minin (Arabic: أَمِيرُ المُؤمنين, romanized: ʾAmīr al-Muʾminīn), or Commander of the Believers (also translated as Commander of the Faithful), is a politico-religious title in Islamic history denoting supreme leadership over the Muslim community (ummah). The term combines amīr (lit. 'commander, leader') with al-muʾminīn (lit. 'the believers'), thereby signifying authority that is simultaneously military, administrative, judicial, and moral in nature.
Maggi & Me
Maggi & Me (Chinese: 我爱鬼妹) is a Singaporean fantasy situation comedy that airs on Mediacorp Channel 5. The English-language series debuted 25 July 2006 and stars Fiona Xie and Adrian Pang in the title roles. The series wrapped up its season 1 finale on 17 October 2006 and the season 2 finale on 12 February 2008. The series title is a play on Maggimee, the nickname for Maggi's noodle products.

Fiona Xie
Fiona Xie (born 24 January 1982) is a Singaporean actress, television host, socialite and businesswoman. She was named as one of the Seven Princesses of Mediacorp in 2006. She was prominently a full-time Mediacorp artiste from 2001 to 2009.

Xie played Kitty Pong in the 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians. She is slated to play the same role in its sequel China Rich Girlfriend based on the 2015 international best-selling novel of the same name by Kevin Kwan.
Putin's Detachments
Putin's Detachments (Russian: Отряды Путина) is a Russian unregistered social movement created by businessman and founder of the Social Justice charitable Fund Marat Dinaev. It is based in Krasnodar and consists mainly of retired grandmothers.

Putin's Detachments proclaim their goal to support Russian President Vladimir Putin and fight the opposition. The movement is best known for its storming of the headquarters of opposition politician Alexei Navalny and the Yabloko party branch. Putin's detachments are also known for their angry appeals to US presidents and burning national flags, dancing to the song "Taet led", the "magic" recipe for COVID-19 and other actions.

Despite its pro-government position, the organization was once almost liquidated at the request of the Russian Ministry of Justice.

Ministry of Justice (Russia)
The Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (Russian: Министе́рство юсти́ции Росси́йской Федера́ции, Миню́ст Росси́и) is a ministry of the Government of Russia responsible for the legal system and penal system.

The Ministry of Justice is the federal authority for operating Russia's courts and correctional services with enforcement by two subordinate executive federal agencies: the Federal Bailiffs Service (FSSP) and the Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN). The Ministry of Justice is headquartered at Zhitnaya Street 14 in Yakimanka District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow.

The Ministry of Justice was founded in 1991 by renaming of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian SFSR following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but claims succession from the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Empire founded in 1802.

Konstantin Chuychenko has been the Minister of Justice since 21 January 2020.
Oinam Romen
Oinam Romen Singh (ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯝ ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ) is an Indian politician and social activist from Manipur. He is a member of the Manipur Pradesh Congress Committee (MPCC) and is involved in youth development, welfare for differently-abled individuals, and promotion of sports in his constituency, Singjamei, Imphal West District.

Manipur Pradesh Congress Committee
The Manipur Pradesh Congress Committee (or MPCC) is the unit of the Indian National Congress for the state of Manipur, India. It is responsible for organizing and coordinating the party's activities and campaigns within the state, as well as selecting candidates for local, state, and national elections in Manipur. Its head office is situated at the Congress Bhawan, B.T. Road, Imphal.
Plaza West Covina
Plaza West Covina (formerly Westfield West Covina, and before that Westfield Shoppingtown West Covina, Plaza at West Covina, West Covina Fashion Plaza, and West Covina Plaza) is a large regional shopping mall in West Covina, California, owned by the Starwood Capital Group. Its anchor stores are Macy's, JCPenney, Nordstrom Rack, Best Buy, and EōS Fitness with two vacant spaces last occupied by Sears and Forever 21. Westfield America, Inc., a precursor to Westfield Group, acquired the shopping center in 1998 and renamed it "Westfield Shoppingtown West Covina", dropping the "Shoppingtown" name in June 2005. In October 2013, the Westfield Group sold the mall to Starwood Capital Group and the mall is now managed by Pacific Retail Capital Partners. In the 2013 sale of the mall, Westfield kept a 10% equity stake in the property.

Gold's Gym
Gold's Gym International, Inc. is an American chain of international co-ed fitness centers (commonly referred to as gyms) originally started by Joe Gold in Venice Beach, California. Each gym offers a variety of cardio and strength training equipment as well as group exercise programs. Gold's Gym's has its headquarters in Dallas and is now owned by RSG Group.
2018 Rugby League Qualifiers
The 2018 Rugby League Qualifiers is the format used in European rugby league, to determine promotion and relegation between the top two divisions, and forms the second phase of Super League XXIII and the 2018 Rugby League Championship.

Existing Super League sides; Salford Red Devils, Leeds Rhinos and Hull Kingston Rovers reconfirmed their Super League status but Widnes Vikings were relegated to the Championship after only winning one of their seven games.  They will be replaced in Super League by London Broncos, who defeated Toronto Wolfpack 4-2 in the Million Pound Game, ending the Broncos four year exile from Super League.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Bizzarro (surname)
Bizzarro is an Italian surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Gennaro Bizzarro (born 1975/1976), member of the Connecticut Senate

Ryan Bizzarro (born 1985), member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives

Ryan Bizzarro
Ryan A. Bizzarro (born November 13, 1985) is an American politician and member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He has represented the 3rd district since January 2013. His district is located in Erie County and includes the townships of Millcreek and Fairview.

Bizzarro is a member of the Democratic Party and currently serves in House Democratic Leadership as the House Democratic Policy Chairman. He was a candidate for Pennsylvania State Treasurer in the 2024 election, but lost the primary to Erin McClelland.
Mozambique Guides
Mozambique Guides are a prospective member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. Delegates from Mozambique and prospect countries Ethiopia and Niger attended the 11th Africa Regional Conference from 26 to 31 July 2016 in Nairobi, Kenya.

World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS /wæɡz/) is a global association that supports female-oriented and female-only Guiding and Scouting organizations in 153 countries. It was established in the year 1928 in Parád, Hungary. The organization now has its headquarters located in London, United Kingdom. It is the counterpart of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). WAGGGS is organized into five regions and operates five international Guiding centers. It holds full member status in the European Youth Forum (YFJ), which operates within the Council of Europe and the European Union.
M. W. Miles
Mastain William (Matt) Miles (June 14, 1850 – February 8, 1901) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He lived in Waverly, Iowa for 25 years and became postmaster in Waterville, Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897.

Waterville, Washington
Waterville is a town in and the county seat of Douglas County, Washington, United States which is known for its wheat industry. As a part of Douglas County, it is part of the Wenatchee-East Wenatchee metropolitan area. The population was 1,134 at the 2020 census.
Badar (surname)
Badar is a surname of Central Asian origin. People with this surname include:

Shahin Badar (born 1974), an English singer-songwriter

Saleem Badar (born 1953) is a Pakistani former cricket umpire

Mullah Badar, governor of the Afghan province of Badghis during the reign of the Taliban

Saif Badar (born 1998), a Pakistani cricketer

Asma Badar (born 1988), an Indian actress

Rich Badar (born 1943), a former professional American football quarterback

Shahin Badar
Shahin Badar (born 17 June 1974) is a British singer and songwriter who is best known in Europe and North America for her vocals on the Prodigy's single "Smack My Bitch Up" (1997), which went platinum.
Charente (river)
The Charente (French: [ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ; Occitan: Charanta [tʃaˈɾantɔ]) is a 381-kilometre (237 mi) long river in southwestern France.  
Its source is in the Haute-Vienne département at Chéronnac, a small village near Rochechouart. It flows through the departments of Haute-Vienne, Charente, Vienne and Charente-Maritime. The river flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Rochefort.

Rochechouart
Rochechouart  (French: [ʁɔʃ(ə)ʃwaʁ] ⓘ, locally [ʁɔʃwaʁ]; Occitan: Rechoard, earlier La Ròcha Choard) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department, region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, west central France. It is a subprefecture of the department.

The name of the town comes from Latin roca cavardi, which roughly translates as the rock of Cavardus, the lord who had the fortified place built at the beginning of the 11th century. More often than not, natives pronounce it [ʁoˈʃwaʁ], not *[ʁɔʃəˈʃwaʁ] as is its pronunciation in Standard French.
Sara Hightower Regional Library System
34°15′30″N 85°10′09″W﻿ / ﻿34.258237°N 85.169044°W﻿ / 34.258237; -85.169044
The Sara Hightower Regional Library System (SHRLS) is a system of six public libraries in the Northwest Georgia region serving Chattooga County, Polk County and Floyd County. The headquarters of the system is the Rome-Floyd County Library, located in Rome, Georgia.

Patrons of the library receive a PINES library card. This card may be used at any of the 275 libraries affiliated with the program across Georgia, as well as the six branches in the Sara Hightower Regional Library System, and is open to all Georgia residents. The SHRLS is also affiliated with the GLASS (Georgia Libraries for Accessible Statewide Services) program which offers library services for the blind and physically handicapped.

Because of its size, encompassing multiple counties in northwestern Georgia, SHRLS has one of the highest interlibrary loan percentages in the state, with approximately 30,000 books on ILL over the 2015 year.

Floyd County, Georgia
Floyd County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 98,584. The county seat is Rome. Floyd County comprises the Rome, Georgia metropolitan statistical area.
Heast as net
"Heast as net" is a song by Austrian singer and songwriter Hubert Achleitner (better known by his stage name Hubert von Goisern) and Wolfgang Staribacher, performed by Hubert von Goisern and the Neue Volksmusik band Die Original Alpinkatzen, released on the 1992 album Aufgeigen stått niederschiassen. It was also released as a single.

In 2017 a cover performed by the Austrian singers Conchita Wurst and Ina Regen was released as a digital download on 15 December 2017 through Sony Music Entertainment and peaked at number 36 on the Austrian Singles Chart.

Ö3 Austria Top 40
Ö3 Austria Top 40 is the official Austrian singles chart, as well as the radio show which presents it, aired on Mondays on Hitradio Ö3. The show presents the Austrian singles, ringtones and downloads chart. It premiered on 26 November 1968 as Disc Parade and was presented by Ernst Grissemann.

The weekly number-ones are released by Musikmarkt and GoTV.
Aitor Arregi Galdos
Aitor Arregi Galdos (born 20 May 1977) is a Spaniard Basque filmmaker and screenwriter. He won the Goya Award for Best Original Screenplay for the 2017 film Giant and has been nominated for the Goya Award for Best Director three times, for Giant, The Endless Trench (2019) and Marco, the Invented Truth (2024).

Goya Award for Best Director
The Goya Award for Best Director (Spanish: Premio Goya a la mejor dirección) is one of the Goya Awards, Spain's principal national film awards. It is given in honor of an director or directing team who has delivered an outstanding direction in a film.
C. Saratchandran
C. Saratchandran (1958–2010) (Sarat) was an Indian documentary filmmaker, based in Kerala, India. He was also a documentary activist, who managed to conduct hundreds of film screenings of documentaries and film classics in remote towns and villages in Kerala Saratchandran was born on 16 February 1958. His parents are Chandrasekharan Nair and  T. Sarada. His maternal grandfather was Professor M. P. Manmathan, a well-known Gandhian and orator. He has two sisters, Neeraja Rajendran and Sarada Sunanda.

Plachimada Coca-Cola struggle
The Plachimada Coca-Cola struggle is a series of protests that led to permanent closure the Coca-Cola factory in the village of Plachimada, Palakkad District, Kerala, India in the early 2000s. Villagers noted that soon after the factory opened, their wells started to run dry and the available water turned contaminated and toxic. Soon, waste from the factory was passed off to farmers in the area as fertiliser. The controversy became "one of the most studied corporate controversies" in recent times.
Verkhnyaya Katukhovka
Verkhnyaya Katukhovka (Russian: Верхняя Катуховка) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Ivanovskoye Rural Settlement, Paninsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 447 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Paninsky District
Paninsky District  (Russian: Па́нинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,398 square kilometers (540 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Panino. Population: 24,236 (2021 Census); 29,231 (2010 Census); 33,017 (2002 Census); 36,143 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Panino accounts for 24.7% of the district's total population.