hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operation Clipper
During the Second World War, Operation Clipper was an Allied offensive by the British XXX Corps (which included the American 84th Infantry Division) to reduce the Geilenkirchen salient in mid-November 1944. Clipper was the preliminary to a wider Allied operation, Operation Queen, to gain control of the Roer valley and of the Hürtgen Forest.

Geilenkirchen is situated on the Wurm River, some 20 km (12 mi) north of Aachen. The surrounding area is undulating, alternating between woodland, farmland and industrial villages. The area was crossed by a network of passable minor roads, some major roads and a railway line. The Wurm is the major geographic feature.

The salient was a German position on the Siegfried Line (Westwall) at the boundary between the British Second Army and the American 9th Army. It restricted the movement of Allied forces and was a potential threat.

Ninth Army (United States)
The Ninth Army was a field army of the United States Army, most recently garrisoned at Caserma Ederle, Vicenza, Italy. It was the United States Army Service Component Command of United States Africa Command (USAFRICOM or AFRICOM).

Activated just eight weeks before the June 1944 Normandy landings, the Ninth Army was one of the main U.S. Army commands which fought in Northwest Europe in 1944 and 1945. It was commanded at its inception by Lieutenant General William Simpson. It had been designated Eighth Army, but on arrival in the United Kingdom it was renamed to avoid confusion with the British formation of the same designation, taking the name of a unit of the fictitious First United States Army Group prepared for Operation Quicksilver. All American field armies in the European Theatre of Operation were designated with odd numbers; even numbered field armies fought in the Pacific War.
National Palace
Buildings called National Palace include:

National Palace (Dominican Republic), in Santo Domingo

National Palace (El Salvador), in San Salvador

National Palace (Ethiopia), in Addis Ababa; also known as the Jubilee Palace

National Palace (Guatemala), in Guatemala City

National Palace (Haiti), in Port-au-Prince

National Palace (Nicaragua), in Managua

National Palace (Mexico), in Mexico City

National Palace Museum in Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China)

Palau Nacional (en: National Palace), in Barcelona, Spain

National Youth and Children's Palace (Sometimes referred as National Palace), in Tbilisi

In Portugal:

Ajuda National Palace, in Lisbon

Mafra National Palace, in Mafra

Pena National Palace, in Sintra

Sintra National Palace, in Sintra

Queluz National Palace, in Queluz

National Palace, Addis Ababa
The Eyubelyu (National) Palace (Amharic: የብሔራዊ ቤተ መንግሥት), formerly Eyubelyu (Jubilee) Palace, is a palace in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It is an official residence of the President of Ethiopia since the Derg government.

Prior to the date, it was the house of Emperor Haile Selassie until the 1974 coup d'état.
G2518 Shenzhen–Cenxi Expressway
The G2518 Shenzhen–Cenxi Expressway (Chinese: 深圳—岑溪高速公路), commonly referred to as the Shencen Expressway (Chinese: 深岑高速公路), is an expressway in China that connects between the cities Shenzhen, Guangdong to Cenxi, Guangxi.

Yunfu
Yunfu (simplified Chinese: 云浮; traditional Chinese: 雲浮; pinyin: Yúnfú), formerly romanized as Wanfow, and historically known as Dong'an (simplified Chinese: 东安; traditional Chinese: 東安; pinyin: Dōng'ān), which was formerly romanized as Tong On, from 1578 to 1913, is a prefecture-level city in western Guangdong province, People's Republic of China. It borders Zhaoqing to the north, Foshan to the east, Jiangmen to the southeast, Yangjiang to the south, Maoming to the southwest, and the autonomous region of Guangxi to the west. The city spans an area of 7,786.64 square kilometres (3,006.44 mi2), and has a population of 2,383,400 according to a 2021 publication by the city government.
World Fellowship Center
The World Fellowship Center is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, retreat and intergenerational conference center located in Albany, New Hampshire, United States. It is open between June and September, with most of its scheduled summer program commencing shortly after June solstice and concluding on or shortly after Labor Day weekend. A few workshops and other events take place before or afterwards. Nestled at the southeastern edge of the White Mountain National Forest, directly east of Mount Chocorua off Route 16 in Albany, it currently comprises approximately 455 acres (184 ha), including a conference room and dining lodge, nature trails, soccer field, several cabins, campsites and additional lodging facilities, as well as boating and swimming access on a large pond. At full capacity it can host over 150 guests and staff. Since its inception it has featured speakers, groups, organizations, activists, artists and entertainers from around the world.

Mount Chocorua
Mount Chocorua (/ʃəˈkɔːrwə/) is a 3,490 ft (1,060 m) mountain in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, the easternmost peak of the Sandwich Range. Although the mountain is not outstanding for its elevation, it is very rugged and has excellent views of the surrounding lakes, mountains, and forests.  Being at the end of the range, its bare summit can be seen from almost every direction and identified from many points throughout central New Hampshire and western Maine, and it has been the subject of numerous works of art. Many hiking trails ascend the mountain. Scenic Chocorua Lake lies directly to the south.
Francis Hassard Burkitt
Francis Hassard Burkitt  (1822–1894) was an Irish Anglican priest in the nineteenth century.

Burkitt was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. After curacies at Abbeyleix and Ballinasloe, he held incumbencies at Killinane and Cappoquin. He was a Prebendary of Kilmacduagh from 1862 to 1881; and Archdeacon of Clonfert from 1874 to 1882.

Ballinasloe
Ballinasloe (/ˌbælnəˈsloʊ/ bal-na-SLOH; Irish: Béal Átha na Sluaighe, meaning 'mouth of the ford of the crowds') is a town in the easternmost part of County Galway, Ireland, situated on the River Suck, which forms the boundary with County Roscommon. Located at an ancient crossing point on the river, evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a number of Bronze Age sites. Built around a 12th-century castle, which defended the fording point, the modern town of Ballinasloe was "founded" in the early 13th century. As of the 2022 census, it was one of the largest towns in County Galway, with a population of 6,597 people.
James Armstrong (Georgia politician)
James Armstrong (1728–1800) was a state representative in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1787–1790. During the United States presidential election of 1788–89 he received one electoral vote. He died in 1800.

Georgia House of Representatives
33°44′57″N 84°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿33.749070°N 84.388362°W﻿ / 33.749070; -84.388362

The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members. Republicans have had a majority in the chamber since 2005. The current House Speaker is Jon G. Burns.
1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Nagaland Legislative Assembly were held in February 1993 to elect members of the 60 constituencies in Nagaland, India. The Indian National Congress won the most seats and S. C. Jamir was appointed as the Chief Minister of Nagaland for the third time. The number of constituencies was set as 60 by the recommendation of the Delimitation Commission of India.

S. C. Jamir
Senayangba Chubatoshi Jamir (born 17 October 1931) is an Indian politician and former Governor of Odisha. He was Parliamentary Secretary to Jawaharlal Nehru and Deputy Minister under Indira Gandhi. He has served as the Chief Minister of Nagaland, Governor of Maharashtra, Governor of Gujarat & Governor of Goa. He was awarded the third-highest civilian award in India, the Padma Bhusan, in 2020 for his work in public affairs.
Japanese students in the United Kingdom
The first Japanese students in the United Kingdom arrived in the nineteenth century, sent to study at University College London by the Chōshū and Satsuma domains, then the Bakufu (Shogunate). Many went on to study at Cambridge University and a smaller number at Oxford University until the end of the Meiji period. The primary motive for this was an effort to modernise Japan in the long run. Since the 1980s, Japanese students in the United Kingdom have become common thanks to cheaper air travel.

Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan)
The minister for foreign affairs (外務大臣, Gaimu Daijin) is a member of the cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The minister is responsible for implementing Japan's foreign policy and is also a statutory member of the National Security Council. The minister is nominated by the prime minister and is appointed by the emperor of Japan.

Since the end of the allied occupation of Japan, the position has been one of the most powerful in the cabinet, as Japan's economic interests have long relied on foreign relations. The recent efforts of former prime minister Junichiro Koizumi and Shinzo Abe to establish a more interventionist foreign policy have also heightened the importance of the position.

The current minister for foreign affairs is Toshimitsu Motegi, who took office on October 21, 2025.
San Cosme y Damián
San Cosme y Damián is a district in the Itapúa Department of Paraguay. Located 80 km west of Encarnación, it is close to places like Ayolas, General Artigas or Isla Apipé, in Southern Paraguay and Northern Argentina, along the Paraná River, at the Argentina–Paraguay border. It covers an area of 800 km2 and has an estimated population of over 10,000 in 2023.

Ayolas
Ayolas is a city in the department of Misiones, Paraguay, located at 310 km southeast of Asunción, on the banks of the Paraná River.  It is, also, the name of the district within which the city is located.
Tyrnau
Tyrnau (German pronunciation: [ˈtʏʁnaʊ̯] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the district of Graz-Umgebung in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Fladnitz an der Teichalm, in the Weiz District.

Styria municipal structural reform
The Styria municipal structural reform (German: Steiermärkische Gemeindestrukturreform) was a local government reform in the Austrian state of Styria, which was made effective January 1, 2015. The reform nearly halved the number of Styrian municipalities from 542 to 287. The reform was intended to reduce costs and ease election of new town officials. The terms of the reform is formalized in the Styrian Municipality Structural Reform Act. (StGsrG). The law was adopted on December 17, 2013 by the Landtag of Styria, and promulgated on April 2, 2014.
German submarine U-508
German submarine U-508 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was laid down at the Deutsche Werft yard in Hamburg as yard number 304 on 24 September 1940, launched on 30 July 1941 and commissioned on 20 October with Oberleutnant zur See Georg Staats in command.

U-508 began her service career with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla from 20 October 1941. She was reassigned to the 10th flotilla for operations on 1 July 1942.

She carried out six patrols and sank 14 ships. She was sunk by an American aircraft on 12 November 1943.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Margaret Wilson (Scottish martyr)
Margaret Wilson (c. 1667 – 11 May 1685) was a young Scottish Covenanter from Wigtown in Scotland who was executed by drowning for refusing to abandon her support for the National Covenant.  She died along with Margaret McLachlan. The two Margarets were known as the Wigtown Martyrs. Wilson became the more famous of the two because of her youth. As a teenager, her faith unto death became celebrated as part of the martyrology of Presbyterian churches.

Martyrology
A martyrology is a catalogue or list of martyrs and other saints and beati arranged in the calendar order of their anniversaries or feasts. Local martyrologies record exclusively the custom of a particular Church. Local lists were enriched by names borrowed from neighbouring churches. Consolidation occurred, by the combination of several local martyrologies, with or without borrowings from literary sources.

This is the now accepted meaning in the Latin Church. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the nearest equivalent to the martyrology are the Synaxaria and the longer Menaia, both sometimes known as Menologia.

Simple martyrologies only enumerate names. Historical martyrologies, also sometimes called passionaries, also include stories or biographical details.
Say Something Sweet
"Say Something Sweet to Your Sweetheart" is a popular song, written by Sid Tepper and Roy C. Bennett (aka Roy Brodsky).

Chart recordings in 1948 were by Jo Stafford & Gordon MacRae (No. 10 in the Billboard chart), The Ink Spots (No. 22) and Patti Page with Vic Damone (No. 23).

The Page recording was issued by Mercury Records as catalog number 5192, and first reached the Billboard chart on November 20, 1948, lasting 4 weeks and peaking at #23.

Several other artists also recorded the song.

Sid Tepper
Sid Tepper (June 25, 1918 – April 24, 2015) was an American songwriter. He is best known for his collaborations with Roy C. Bennett, which spawned several hits for Elvis Presley. Between 1945 and 1970, Tepper and Bennett published over 300 songs.
Metropolitan Law Enforcement Council
The Metropolitan Law Enforcement Council sometimes called "MetroLEC," is a regional mutual aid facilitator formed by 45 police agencies in the area near Boston, Massachusetts. It pools resources to provide SWAT, canine, hostage negotiation, computer crimes, motorcycle and other units throughout the area. Its fleet includes at least one armored car and a mobile command post. Press reports indicated that in 2016 it used its SWAT unit twenty-six times. MetroLEC, like other such agencies such as the North Eastern Massachusetts Law Enforcement Council, claims it is a private organization and exempt from open records laws.

The group was established sometime before 2004. Richard Stillman, the Walpole chief of police served as the group's president for ten years. By 2017, Canton Police Chief Ken Berkowitz was the group's leader. In 2020, the chief of the Norton Police Department was serving as president of the group.

Agencies that belong to MetroLEC include:

Norton, Massachusetts
Norton is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States, and contains the villages of Norton Center and Chartley. The population was 19,202 at the 2020 census. Home of Wheaton College, Norton hosted the Dell Technologies Championship, a tournament of the PGA Tour held annually on the Labor Day holiday weekend at the TPC Boston golf club until 2018.
Leyla Mohadjer
Leyla Kheradmand Mohadjer is an American statistician who works as a vice president, senior statistical fellow, and associate director of the statistical staff at Westat. She is an expert in survey methodology, total survey error, quality control, and participation bias, and has led the statistical efforts of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies and the Programme for International Student Assessment (both of the OECD), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the National Center for Health Statistics.

Mohadjer earned a master's degree and, in 1985, a doctorate in statistics from George Washington University. Her dissertation was The efficiency of the normal discriminant analysis compared to the logistic regression for the prediction criterion.

She was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2007. She is also an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute.

National Center for Health Statistics
The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is a U.S. government agency that provides statistical information to guide actions and policies to improve the public health of the American people. It is a unit of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and a principal agency of the U.S. federal statistical system. It is headquartered at University Town Center in Hyattsville, Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C.
Tochigi (city)
Tochigi (栃木市, Tochigi-shi) is a city located in Tochigi Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 June 2023,  the city had an estimated population of 151,842 in 66,018 households, and a population density of 458 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 331.50 square kilometres (127.99 sq mi). Because the city escaped war damage during World War II, many historical temples, traditional shops and kura (Japanese traditional storehouses) remain in the city center. The city was awarded the "Utsukushii-machinami Taisho" prize from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in 2009.

Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方, Kantō Chihō; IPA: [kaꜜn.toː, kan.toː tɕiꜜ.hoː, kan.toː tɕi̥.hoꜜː]) is a geographical region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. In a common definition, the region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, Tochigi, and Tokyo. Slightly more than 45 percent of the land area within its boundaries is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form land borders with other regions of Japan.

As the Kantō region contains Tokyo, the capital and largest city of Japan, the region is considered the center of Japan's politics and economy. According to the official census on October 1, 2010, by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, the population was 42,607,376, amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.
Dermot McCaffrey
Dermot McCaffrey (born 29 March 1986 in Omagh) is a Northern Irish footballer who plays for Armagh City.

McCaffrey spent his childhood in Clogher, County Tyrone, and he started his professional career with Scottish club Hibs. McCaffrey made only one appearance for the Hibs first team, in which he was sent off. He was loaned out to First Division clubs Queen of the South and Livingston during his time with Hibs.

At the end of the 2007–08 season, McCaffrey signed a three-year deal to play for Falkirk. Having made only one appearance for Falkirk in over a year, McCaffrey joined Arbroath on loan on 18 September 2009.

On 18 February 2010, BBC Sport reported that McCaffrey had agreed to return to Northern Ireland and his home town club, Dungannon Swifts. McCaffrey signed for the club as an out-of-contract professional.

McCaffrey signed for Derry City on 18 February 2012 He has represented Northern Ireland at under-21 level.

He signed for Armagh City in 2019.

Arbroath F.C.
Arbroath Football Club is a semi-professional Scottish football club based in the town of Arbroath, Angus. They currently play in the Scottish Championship. The club was founded in 1878 and plays home matches at Gayfield Park. They play in maroon strips and are nicknamed "The Red Lichties" due to the red light that used to guide fishing boats back from the North Sea to the Burgh's harbour. The Red Lichties share a long-standing and fierce rivalry with local neighbours Montrose, as well as with fellow local sides Forfar Athletic and Brechin City.
Malung-Sälen Municipality
Malung-Sälen Municipality (Swedish: Malung-Sälens kommun) is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Malung.

Malung Municipality was created in 1971 by the amalgamation of "old" Malung with the adjacent entities Lima and Transtrand. In 2007 the Government of Sweden decided to approve the present name, which took effect on 1 January 2008. The reason for the double name, the only of its kind in Sweden, is to promote the skiing resort area Sälen in the northern part of the municipality.

Municipalities of Sweden
The municipalities of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges kommuner) are its generally smaller but co-equal local government entities. There are 290 municipalities which are responsible for a large proportion of local services, including schools, emergency services and physical planning.
Pardusco
The pardusco (Nephelornis oneilli) is a species of tanager that is endemic to woodland near the timberline in the Andes of central Peru. It is the only member of the genus Nephelornis. This small olive-brown bird is typically seen in groups, which sometimes join mixed species flocks. It has a small range, but is locally fairly common, and consequently considered to be of least concern by BirdLife International and IUCN.

Tree line
The tree line is the edge of a habitat at which trees are capable of growing and beyond which they are not. It is found at high elevations and high latitudes. Beyond the tree line, trees cannot tolerate the environmental conditions (usually low temperatures, extreme snowpack, or associated lack of available moisture).: 51  The tree line is sometimes distinguished from a lower timberline, which is the line below which trees form a forest with a closed canopy.: 151 : 18

At the tree line, tree growth is often sparse, stunted, and deformed by wind and cold. This is sometimes known as krummholz (German for "crooked wood").: 58

The tree line often appears well-defined, but it can be a more gradual transition. Trees grow shorter and often at lower densities as they approach the tree line, above which they are unable to grow at all.: 55  Given a certain latitude, the tree line is approximately 300 to 1000 meters below the permanent snow line and roughly parallel to it.
Conservatism in Brazil
Conservatism in Brazil (Portuguese: Conservadorismo) designates the movement originated from certain cultural traditions of Brazil, as well as the relationship with Portuguese-Iberian cultural roots and diverse influences. The movement received influences from Roman heritage and part of Greek philosophy in its foundation in Christianity.

More traditional conservative historical views and features include belief in political federalism, Catholicism and monarchism.

Monarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism.
Pentellated 7-orthoplexes
In seven-dimensional geometry, a pentellated 7-orthoplex is a convex uniform 7-polytope with 5th order truncations (pentellation) of the regular 7-orthoplex.

There are 32 unique pentellations of the 7-orthoplex with permutations of truncations, cantellations, runcinations, and sterications. 16 are more simply constructed relative to the 7-cube.

These polytopes are a part of a set of 127 uniform 7-polytopes with B7 symmetry.

Truncation (geometry)
In geometry, a truncation is an operation in any dimension that cuts polytope vertices, creating a new facet in place of each vertex. The term originates from Kepler's names for the Archimedean solids.