hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cieszyno, Drawsko County
Cieszyno [t͡ɕɛˈʂɨnɔ] (German: Teschendorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złocieniec, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north of Złocieniec, 18 km (11 mi) east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 99 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

During World War II the Germans established and operated a forced labour camp for prisoners of war of various nationalities in the village.

Złocieniec
Złocieniec [zwɔˈt͡ɕɛɲɛt͡s] (Kashubian: Walczembórg; German: Falkenburg) is a town in northwestern Poland. Located in West Pomeranian Voivodeship's Drawsko County since 1999, it was previously a part of Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998). The population of Złocieniec is around 12,000 - it is therefore the biggest town in the county (powiat).
Szyldak
Szyldak [ˈʂɨldak] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostróda, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Ostróda and 33 km (21 mi) south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Ostróda
Ostróda [ɔsˈtruda] (German: Osterode in Ostpreußenⓘ; Old Prussian: Austrāti) is a town in northern Poland, in the ethnocultural region of Masuria. It is the seat of the Ostróda County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and has approximately 33,191 inhabitants (2009).

Ostróda is the largest town in the western part of Masuria, and the second largest in all of Masuria after Ełk.
Euphilotes rita
Euphilotes rita, the rita blue or desert buckwheat blue, is a species of butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and northern Mexico. The species was first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1916.

The wingspan is 17–22 mm. Adults are on wing from July to late September in one generation per year. They feed on the flower nectar of Eriogonum species. Its habitats include juniper-pinyon woodlands, sand dunes, oak woodland, and prairie grasslands.

The larvae feed on the flowers and fruits of wild Eriogonum species, including Eriogonum effusum, Eriogonum flavum, Eriogonum leptocladon, Eriogonum racemosum and Eriogonum wrightii. The larvae are tended by ants. Adults feed on nectar from host plants and seep-willow.

James Halliday McDunnough
James Halliday McDunnough (10 May 1877 – 23 February 1962) was a Canadian linguist, musician, and entomologist best known for his work with North American Lepidoptera, but who also made important contributions about North American Ephemeroptera.
Ramat Aviv
Ramat Aviv Alef or Ramat Aviv HaYeruka, and originally plainly Ramat Aviv (Hebrew: רָמַת אָבִיב, lit. Spring Heights), is a neighborhood in northwest Tel Aviv, Israel. Ramat Aviv is bordered by Einstein Street in the north, Chaim Levanon Street to the east and south, and Namir Road in the west. The main streets in the neighborhood are Brodetzki and Reading. These five arterials are served by several bus lines each.

In the neighborhood are the Alliance High School and Ramat Aviv Mall. In the northeast of the neighborhood, opposite university campus, are student dorms of Tel Aviv University. Landmarks opposite the roads bordering the neighborhood are the main campus of Tel Aviv University, the Eretz Israel Museum, the Palmach Museum, and ANU- Museum of the Jewish People.

Alliance Israélite Universelle
The Alliance israélite universelle (AIU; Hebrew: כל ישראל חברים; transl. "Universal Israelite Alliance") is a Paris-based international Jewish organization founded in 1860 with the purpose of safeguarding human rights for Jews around the world. It promotes the ideals of Jewish self-defense and self-sufficiency through education and professional development. The organization is noted for establishing French-language schools for Jewish children throughout the Mediterranean, Iran, and the former Ottoman Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

The motto of the organization is the Jewish rabbinic injunction kol yisrael arevim ze laze (כל ישראל ערבים זה לזה), translated into French as tous les israélites sont solidaires les uns des autres (transl. "all Jews are responsible for one another").
Bhagwati Prasad Shukla
Bhagwati Prasad Shukla is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Shukla was a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Lucknow East constituency in Lucknow district.

Lucknow East Assembly constituency
Lucknow East is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Eastern part of Lucknow in the Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh, India. A Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) facility with EVMs was used here in 2017 U.P. assembly polls.

Lucknow East is one of five assembly constituencies in the Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 173 amongst 403 constituencies.
Wola Przedmiejska
Wola Przedmiejska [ˈvɔla pʂɛdˈmjɛi̯ska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Uniejów, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Uniejów, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Poddębice, and 49 km (30 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice County
Poddębice County (Polish: powiat poddębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Poddębice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Uniejów, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Poddębice.

The county covers an area of 880.91 square kilometres (340.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,195, out of which the population of Poddębice is 7,875, that of Uniejów is 2,916, and the rural population is 31,404.
Li Gao
Li Gao or Li Hao (Chinese: 李暠; 351–417), courtesy name Xuansheng (玄盛), nickname Changsheng (長生), also known by his posthumous name as the Prince Wuzhao of Western Liang (西涼武昭王), was the founding duke of the Chinese Western Liang dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. While he claimed only the title of duke during his reign, he was posthumously honored with the princely title. He was initially a Northern Liang official, but in 400, he seceded from Northern Liang's prince Duan Ye's rule and established his own independent dynasty. While his state only lasted for 21 years, his descendants would remain key officials and nobles throughout the Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, and Sui dynasties, and one of them, Li Yuan, would found the Tang dynasty in 618. He was posthumously honored by the Tang dynasty as Emperor Xingsheng (興聖皇帝).

Western Wei
Wei (/weɪ/), known in historiography as the Western Wei (Chinese: 西魏; pinyin: Xī Wèi), was an imperial dynasty of China that followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei. One of the Northern dynasties during the era of the Northern and Southern dynasties, it ruled the western part of northern China from 535 to 557 AD. As with the Northern Wei dynasty that preceded it, the ruling family of the Western Wei were members of the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei.
Arumbakkam metro station
Arumbakkam is an elevated metro station on the South-East Corridor of the Green Line of Chennai Metro in Chennai, India. This station will serve the neighbourhoods of Vinayagapuram, Choolaimedu and MMDA Colony.

Vinayagapuram
Vinayagapuram is a residential neighbourhood in north Chennai city's Chennai district. It's located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Neighbourhoods close to Vinayagapuram are Perambur, Anna Nagar, Villivakkam, Puzhal, Jawahar Nagar, Thiru-vi-ka Nagar, Senthil Nagar, Madhavaram and Periyar Nagar.
Uri Davis
Uriel "Uri" Davis (Hebrew: אוריאל "אורי" דייוויס, Arabic: أوري ديفيس; born 8 June 1943) is an academic and civil rights activist. Davis has served as Vice-Chairman of the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights and as lecturer in Peace Studies at the University of Bradford. Davis describes himself as "a Palestinian Hebrew national of Jewish origin, anti-Zionist, registered as Muslim and a citizen of an apartheid state – the State of Israel." A member of Fatah since 1984, he was elected to the Revolutionary Council for the Palestinian party in 2009.

Fatah Revolutionary Council
The Fatah Revolutionary Council (FRC) is Fatah’s internal parliamentary body and its second most prominent institution after the Central Committee of Fatah. It consists of approximately 80 members elected from a pool of approximately 1400 party members including civil and military personalities during the Fatah General Congress, from whom another 21 members are also elected for Fatah’s Central Committee. Candidates may only be nominated if they're over the age of 33, and have been full party members for 15 years uninterrupted.
1915 Copa Ibarguren
The 1915 Copa Ibarguren was the third edition of this National cup of Argentina. It was played by the champions of both leagues, Primera División and Liga Rosarina de Football crowned during 1915.

Racing (Primera División champion) faced Rosario Central (Liga Rosarina champion) at Independiente Stadium on Mitre Ave and Lacarra (known as La Crucecita) in Avellaneda, on March 26, 1916. After the match ended 0–0 and no goal was scored during the extra time, a playoff was scheduled for April 30 at Gimnasia y Esgrima de Buenos Aires Stadium.

In the playoff match, Rosario Central won 3–1 on extra time, achieving its second title in the first division.

1915 in Argentine football
1915 in Argentine football saw the reunification of the Asociación Argentina de Football and the Federación Argentina de Football. Racing won its third consecutive league championship.

Rosario Central won the Copa Ibarguren, defeating Racing 3-1.

Argentina national team won the Copa Premier Honor Uruguayo and Copa Lipton.
Vankor Field
The Vankor Field (Ванкорское нефтегазовое месторождение) is an oil and gas field in Russia, located 130 kilometres (81 mi) west of Igarka in the Turukhansk District of Krasnoyarsk Krai in Eastern Siberia, close to the border with Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Its estimated reserves are 520 million metric tons of oil and 95 billion cubic meters of natural gas. Production was launched in August, 2009. The field is operated by Russian national oil company Rosneft through its subsidiary Vankorneft.

National oil company
A national oil company (NOC) is a petroleum company that is fully or partly owned by the government of a sovereign nation.: 3  NOCs produce about half the world’s oil and gas.

Due to their increasing dominance over global reserves, the importance of NOCs has risen dramatically in recent decades relative to International Oil Companies (IOCs), such as BP, ExxonMobil or Shell plc. NOCs are also increasingly investing outside their national borders.
Assumption of the Virgin (Botticini)
The Assumption of the Virgin, 1475–1476, is a large (228.6 x 377.2 cm) painting in tempera on wood panel by Francesco Botticini. It portrays Mary's assumption and was commissioned as the altarpiece for a church in Florence and is now in the National Gallery, London.

The disciples gather around Mary's lily-filled tomb with looks of amazement. There are donor portraits of Matteo Palmieri, who commissioned the work, kneeling on the left, and his wife on the right. In Heaven above, surrounded by the nine choirs of angels, Jesus raises his hand in blessing to his kneeling mother.

Among the lesser angels around Jesus and Mary are saints. Together with Palmieri's poem La città di vita, this mixing of saints with angels raised questions about the orthodoxy of the donor Palmieri, and possibly that of the painter Botticini himself.

Tempera
Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]) is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. There are several types of tempera paint, but the one containing egg yolk is called egg tempera. Tempera paint made from the milk protein is Casein paint. If the binder is synthetic PVA, the result is polyvinyl acetate tempera. A distemper paint consisting of pigment and binders such as cornstarch, gum arabic and other gums is called poster paint in certain parts of the world, and it is also often confusingly referred to as "tempera paint", although the binders in this paint are different from traditional egg tempera paints and the visual effect is more like gouache.

The term Tempera also refers to the paintings done in any kind of these tempera mediums.
Caofeidian
Caofeidian  (Chinese: 曹妃甸; pinyin: Cáofēidiàn) is a land reclamation-converted economic development zone in Bohai Bay located in the eponymous district of Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.

It hosts a large coal and ore discharging port, which forms one of the prime ports of Northern China, namely (from South to North) Tianjin - Jingtang port - Caofeidian - Qinhuangdao - Yingkou - Bayuquan - Dalian). Caofedian and Jingtang ports are often referred together as Tangshan port, though Tangshan is actually a large inland city away from the shore.

The area is served by the Tangshan–Caofeidian railway.

National Economic and Technological Development Zones
The National Economic and Technological Development Zones (simplified Chinese: 国家级经济技术开发区; traditional Chinese: 國家級經濟技術開發區; pinyin: Guójiājí Jīngjì Jìshù Kāifā Qū) are the special areas of the People's Republic of China where foreign direct investment is encouraged.  They are usually called the "Economic and Technological Development Zones" or simply the "Development Zones" (开发区; Kāifā Qū).

These national level programs started with the Special Economic Zones for three cities in 1978, as part of the reform and opening up, and were extended to the Economic and Technological Development Zones in 14 cities in 1984.
Calvetti
Calvetti is an Italian surname. Notable people with this name include:

Daniela Calvetti, Italian-American mathematician

Diego Calvetti, songwriter; see Category:Songs written by Diego Calvetti

Joe Calvetti, American gymnast for Illinois Fighting Illini men's gymnastics, won 1948 NCAA individual high bar national championship

María Calvetti, Uruguayan shot putter, silver medalist at 1978 South American Youth Championships in Athletics

Paola Calvetti (born 1958), Italian novelist and journalist

Illinois Fighting Illini men's gymnastics
The Illinois Fighting Illini men's gymnastics team represents the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and competes in the Big Ten Conference. The Fighting Illini have been invited to 47 NCAA tournaments and have won 10 team NCAA championships, which is second most all-time only to Penn State Nittany Lions' 12 team titles. Additionally, the Fighting Illini have won an all-time record 53 individual NCAA titles.

The Illini hold their competitions at George Huff Hall on the Champaign side of campus, and the team trains and holds practices at the Kenney Gym on the Urbana side of campus.
Pittsburg serial murders
The Pittsburg serial murders refers to the killings of one man and four women in Pittsburg, California, in late 1998 and early 1999. At the time of the killings, the city had a high crime rate, which coupled with the recent murders of several people, culminated in public outcry from both the public and the media for a resolution to the situation and capture of the supposed serial killer. Despite an investigation by the FBI and a financial reward for the killer(s)'s capture being offered by the then-Governor of California Gray Davis, none of the murders were ever solved.

Governor of California
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.

Established in the Constitution of California, the governor's responsibilities also include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and making the annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.

The governor is now limited to two terms, regardless of whether they are consecutive. The current governor of California is Democrat Gavin Newsom, who was inaugurated on January 7, 2019. Jerry Brown was the longest serving governor in Californian history, serving from 1975 until 1983, and again from 2011 until 2019.
Betéitiva
Betéitiva (Spanish pronunciation: [beˈtejtiβa]) a town and municipality in the Valderrama Province, part of the Colombian department of Boyacá. The urban centre of Betétiva is situated at 250 kilometres (160 mi) from the capital Bogotá, 110 kilometres (68 mi) from the department capital Tunja and 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Sogamoso. The municipality, located on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, borders in the north Belén, in the northeast Paz de Río, in the east Tasco, in the southeast Corrales and in the west with Busbanzá and Cerinza.

Altiplano Cundiboyacense
The Altiplano Cundiboyacense (Spanish pronunciation: [altiˈplano kundiβoʝaˈsense]) is a high plateau located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes covering parts of the departments of Cundinamarca and Boyacá. (Do not confuse with The Altiplano or the Altiplano Nariñense, both further south.) The altiplano corresponds to the ancient territory of the Muisca. The Altiplano Cundiboyacense comprises three distinctive flat regions; the Bogotá savanna, the valleys of Ubaté and Chiquinquirá, and the valleys of Duitama and Sogamoso. The average altitude of the altiplano is about 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) above sea level but ranges from roughly 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) to 4,000 metres (13,000 ft).
Be the One (Pandora song)
"Be the One" is the only single by the Japanese electronic music duo Pandora, consisting of Tetsuya Komuro of TM Network and Globe and Daisuke Asakura of Access. It was released on January 24, 2018, by Avex Trax. It features Filipino singer Beverly and was the theme for the TV drama Kamen Rider Build.

The single was released in three editions: a regular version, a version with a DVD, and a version featuring a toy.

The song peaked at No. 2 on both the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart and the Billboard Japan Hot 100. It was later certified Gold for 100,000 downloads.

Avex Trax
Avex Trax (Japanese: エイベックス トラックス, Hepburn: Eibekkusu Torakkusu) is a record label owned by Japanese entertainment conglomerate Avex Inc. The label was launched in September 1988, and was the first label by the Group.
Rankin Johnson Jr.
Adam Rankin Johnson Jr. (March 1, 1917 – February 11, 2006) was an American professional baseball player and executive. A pitcher during his active career, he appeared in seven games in Major League Baseball as a member of the Philadelphia Athletics during the early weeks of the 1941 season. He threw and batted right-handed, and was listed as 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) tall and 177 pounds (80 kg).

Johnson was born in Hayden, Arizona; his father, Rankin Sr., was also a Major League pitcher, largely with the "outlaw" Federal League, in 1914–1915 and 1918. Rankin Jr. attended what is now the University of Texas at El Paso. He appeared in one game for the 1935 Akron Yankees of the Class C Middle Atlantic League, then began his professional baseball career in earnest in 1939 at the Class D level.

University of Texas at El Paso
The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) is a public research university in El Paso, Texas, United States. Founded in 1913 as the State School of Mines and Metallurgy, it is the third oldest academic component of the University of Texas System.

UTEP is an "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" institution on the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. It is the largest and oldest Hispanic-serving R1 university in the contiguous United States, exceeded only by institutions in Puerto Rico.

The campus is on located on hillsides overlooking the Rio Grande river, with Ciudad Juárez in view across the Mexico–United States border. It includes the Sun Bowl stadium, which hosts the annual college football competition the Sun Bowl every winter. Multiple campus buildings are in the Dzong architectural style, typical of Bhutan and Tibet.
Wenvoe transmitting station
The Wenvoe transmitting station, officially known as Arqiva Wenvoe, is the main facility for broadcasting and telecommunications for Cardiff and South Wales. It is situated close to the village of Wenvoe in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, in the UK.

It comprises a 260.7-metre (855 ft) guyed mast with antennas attached at various heights. The average height above sea level is 384 metres (1,260 ft) for the television antennas.

It is owned and operated by Arqiva. The site serves an estimated 1.5m listeners (0.63m households) in the South West of England, and 1.3m listeners (0.54m households) in Wales.

Vale of Glamorgan
The Vale of Glamorgan (Welsh: Bro Morgannwg [ˈbroː mɔrˈɡanʊɡ]), locally referred to as The Vale, is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. It borders Bridgend County Borough to the west, Cardiff to the east, Rhondda Cynon Taf to the north, and the Bristol Channel to the south. With an economy based largely on agriculture and chemicals, it is the southernmost unitary authority in Wales. Attractions include Barry Island Pleasure Park, the Barry Tourist Railway, Medieval wall paintings in St Cadoc's Church, Llancarfan, Porthkerry Park, St Donat's Castle, Cosmeston Lakes Country Park and Cosmeston Medieval Village. The largest town is Barry. Other towns include Penarth, Llantwit Major, and Cowbridge. There are many villages in the county borough.
Andrushivka, Ternopil Oblast
Andrushivka (Ukrainian: Андрушівка) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Kremenets Raion, Shumsk urban hromada. After the liquidation of the Shumsk Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Shumsk Raion
Shumsk Raion (Ukrainian: Шумський район) was a former raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Shumsk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Shumsk Raion was merged into Kremenets Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 32,625 (2020 est.).

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Shumsk urban hromada with the administration in Shumsk;

Velyki Dederkaly rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Velyki Dederkaly.
Orthoscopy
Orthoscopy used in optics and vision for the condition of normal, distortion-free view, from "ortho", straight, right, correct, and "scope", seeing.

Abbe in 1880 designed an orthoscopic eyepiece for stereoscopic microscopes which minimized distortion. The term was also used in stereoscopy by Heine  for the condition when the perceived depth in a stereogram is the same as that in the actual view of the scene. Such a perceptual report by an observer must be distinguished from what Moritz von Rohr called homeomorphic view, in which the depth in a stereoscopic 3D reconstruction is merely geometrically true, see Stereoscopic Depth Rendition. The difference between  homeomorphic and orthoscopic is typical of the divide in psychophysics between the world of physical stimuli and the world of subjects' percepts, see Gustav Fechner.

Gustav Fechner
Gustav Theodor Fechner (/ˈfɛxnər/; German: [ˈfɛçnɐ]; 19 April 1801 – 18 November 1887) was a German physicist, philosopher, and experimental psychologist. A pioneer in experimental psychology and founder of psychophysics (techniques for measuring the mind), he inspired many 20th-century scientists and philosophers. He is also credited with demonstrating the non-linear relationship between psychological sensation and the physical intensity of a stimulus via the formula: , which became known as the Weber–Fechner law.