hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ducal Palace of Guastalla
The Ducal Palace of Guastalla (Palazzo Ducale di Guastalla or Palazzo Gonzaga di Guastalla) is an urban Renaissance-style palace in the town of Guastalla, a municipality in the Province of Reggio Emilia,  Emilia-Romagna, Italy.

It was built on the site of a 15th-century palazzo of the Conti Torelli family, and rebuilt in the next century by Francesco Capriana (Francesco da Volterra), under commission to the Count of Guastalla, Cesare I Gonzaga. Neglected for years, it is currently a museum of the city. It contains art works from antique Roman cemeteries, paintings from deconsecrated chapels and oratories, as well as an exhibit of the modern watercolor painters Mario Bolzoni.

Province of Reggio Emilia
The province of Reggio Emilia (Italian: provincia di Reggio nell'Emilia; Emilian: pruvînsa ed Rèz) is a province in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. The capital city is the eponymous Reggio Emilia.

It has a population of 530,740 in an area of around 2,292 square kilometres (885 mi2) across its 42 municipalities.

The province is home to the historical Canossa Castle, property of the countess Matilde; it is where the Walk to Canossa of Henry IV occurred. Representatives of the free municipalities of Reggio, Modena, Bologna and Ferrara met in Reggio Emilia's Sala del Tricolore in 1797 to proclaim the Repubblica Cispadana, adopting the three colour green-white-red flag to represent their newly formed Republic; it was later adopted in 1848 as the national flag.
Let-Mont Tulak
The Let-Mont Tulak (English: rogue, wanderer or tramp) is a Czech microlight aircraft that was designed and produced by Let-Mont sro of Vikýřovice. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft or a kit for amateur construction.

The aircraft was marketed in Austria and Germany under the name Amigo.

Rotax 503
The Rotax 503 is a 37 kW (50 hp), inline 2-cylinder, two-stroke aircraft engine, built by BRP-Rotax GmbH & Co. KG of Austria for use in ultralight aircraft.

For decades the engine was one of the most popular and reputedly reliable aircraft engines in its class (two-stroke, under 60 horsepower), and it remains widely used and supported.

As of 2011 the Rotax 503 is no longer in production. However, a Russian manufacturer has developed an approximate reproduction, the RMZ 500.  Rotax subsequently offered only one other two-stroke engine for aircraft, the partially water-cooled Rotax 582.
Non-local variable
In programming language theory, a non-local variable is a variable that is not defined in the local scope. While the term can refer to global variables, it is primarily used in the context of nested and anonymous functions where some variables can be in neither the local nor the global scope.

In Lua they are called the upvalues of the function.

Lua
Lua (/ˈluːə/ LOO-ə; from Portuguese: lua [ˈlu(w)ɐ] meaning moon) is a lightweight, high-level, multi-paradigm programming language designed mainly for embedded use in applications. Lua is cross-platform software, since the interpreter of compiled bytecode is written in ANSI C, and Lua has a relatively simple C application programming interface (API) to embed it into applications.

Lua originated in 1993 as a language for extending software applications to meet the increasing demand for customization at the time. It provided the basic facilities of most procedural programming languages, but more complicated or domain-specific features were not included; rather, it included mechanisms for extending the language, allowing programmers to implement such features. As Lua was intended to be a general embeddable extension language, the designers of Lua focused on improving its speed, portability, extensibility and ease-of-use in development.
Kunitomo Ikkansai
Kunitomo Ikkansai (国友 一貫斎; November 21, 1778 – December 26, 1840), real name Kunitomo Tōbee Yoshimasa (国友 藤兵衛 能當), was a Japanese gunsmith and inventor of the late Edo period, who, after having spent several months in Edo, where he could get accustomed with Dutch wares, built Japan's first reflective telescope in 1831. It was of the Gregorian type and had a magnification of 60. He used it to make very detailed studies of sun spots and lunar topography. Four of his telescopes remain to this day.

In the early 19th century, Kunitomo became an acquaintance of the Shinto theologian and nativist Hirata Atsutane, and was in regular contact with him. Around this time, Kunitomo was involved in the development of firearm manufacturing methods. Circa 1820, he designed a pneumatic rifle based on his studies of European air rifle technology conducted through the Dutch trading post at Dejima.

Kokugaku
Kokugaku (国学; Japanese pronunciation: [ko.kɯ.ɡa.kɯ, -ŋa.kɯ], lit. 'national study') was an academic movement, a school of Japanese philology and philosophy originating during the Edo period. Kokugaku scholars worked to refocus Japanese scholarship away from the then-dominant study of Chinese, Confucian, and Buddhist texts in favor of research into the early Japanese classics.
L'intégrale
L'Intégrale (The whole thing) is a box set by French singer Shy'm. Released in France and Belgium on 25 June 2012 by Warner Music France to celebrate the release of Shy'm's fourth album, Caméléon, it contains Shy'm's first three studio albums and a DVD featuring behind the scenes footage alongside the music videos for some of her biggest hits, such as "Je sais" and "Femme de couleur".

Shy'm
Tamara Marthe (born 28 November 1985), better known as Shy'm /ˈʃaɪm/, is a French singer and actress. She released her first album, Mes fantaisies, in 2006 and has since released six more albums. She had three Platinum albums, including her number-one 2012 album, Caméléon.
Tel Barom
Tel Barom is an archaeological site in the Hula Valley, between Kiryat Shmona and Metula. The site is situated on basalt hill, controlling the valley around it. Although the site's location has strategic advantage, only small villages existed on top of the hill, because of the lack of immediate water sources and the difficulty to dig wells and reserve pits.

Kiryat Shmona
Kiryat Shmona (Hebrew: קריית שמונה, lit. 'City of the Eight') is a city in the Northern District of Israel on the western slopes of the Hula Valley near the Lebanese border.

In 2023 it had a population of 24,254. Located near the Israel–Lebanon border, Kiryat Shmona is Israel's northernmost city.
Lucas Chancel
Lucas Chancel (born in 1987 in Grenoble) is a French  economist. He is Codirector and Senior economist at the World Inequality Lab of the Paris School of Economics and teaches at Sciences Po. He is also Codirector of the World Inequality Database and Research fellow at the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations. He works on global inequality, European political economy and Sustainable development. He authored and co-authored several books on these topics.

Éditions du Seuil
Éditions du Seuil (French: [edisjɔ̃ dy sœj]), also known as Le Seuil, is a French publishing house established in 1935 by Catholic intellectual Jean Plaquevent (1901–1965), and currently owned by La Martinière Groupe. It owes its name to this goal "The seuil (threshold) is the whole excitement of parting and arriving. It is also the brand new threshold that we refashion at the door of the Church to allow entry to many whose foot gropes around it" (Jean Plaquevent, letter dated 28 December 1934).
Flora Stevenson
Flora Clift Stevenson (30 October 1839 – 28 September 1905) was a Scottish social reformer with a special interest in education for poor or neglected children, and in education for girls and equal university access for women. She was one of the first women in the United Kingdom to be elected to a school board.

School boards in Scotland
School boards in Scotland were involved in determining the overall policies, objectives and ethos at the school. Boards had a special duty to promote good relationships between the school, its parents and the community and also form a channel for the flow of information between these groups. School boards were introduced in 1988 as part of the Government's policy of encouraging parental involvement in schools. They comprised parent, teacher and "co-opted" members, with parents in the majority. "Co-opted" members may have been drawn from local business or the community.
2012 Maidstone Borough Council election
The 2012 Maidstone Borough Council elections took place on Thursday 3 May 2012 to elect members of Maidstone Borough Council in Kent, England. One third of the council (19 seats) were scheduled for election, whilst an additional vacancy caused by the resignation of a sitting councillor was also filled in Heath ward, meaning a total of 20 of the borough's 55 seats were elected.

Maidstone
Maidstone is the largest town in the county of Kent in South East England, of which it is also the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies 32 miles (51 km) east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river carried much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, which is known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of settlement in the area dating back before the Stone Age. The town, part of the borough of Maidstone, had an approximate population of 100,000 in 2019. Since World War II, the town's economy has shifted from heavy industry towards light industry and services.
She's in Love
"She's In Love" is a song written by Keith Stegall and Dan Hill, and recorded by American country music artist Mark Wills.  It was released in June 1999 as the fourth and final single from his album Wish You Were Here and it was his seventh single overall; it later appears on his Greatest Hits package. It peaked at #7 on the U.S. US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Keith Stegall
Robert Keith Stegall (born November 1, 1955) is an American country music recording artist and record producer. Active since 1980, Stegall has recorded two major-label studio albums: 1985's Keith Stegall and 1996's Passages, although he is mainly known for his production work.
Rinderbraten
Rinderbraten, is a dish of German origin whose name means "beef roast". It is made from a large round of beef, stuffed with pork fat that has been rolled in a combination of salt, red pepper, brown sugar, allspice, and cloves. The round is then submerged in brine for up to six weeks, then boiled, and then simmered, with the blackened outer layer of beef and fat removed and cinnamon sprinkled over it before serving.

Brown sugar
Brown sugar is a sucrose sugar product with a distinctive brown color due to the presence of molasses. It is either an unrefined or partially refined soft sugar consisting of sugar crystals with some residual molasses content, or produced by the addition of molasses to refined white sugar. Brown sugar is 98% carbohydrates (95% as sucrose), containing no dietary fiber or fat, and negligible protein and micronutrient content.
2021 I.ČLTK Prague Open – Women's doubles
The women's doubles of the 2021 I.ČLTK Prague Open tournament was played on clay in Prague, Czech Republic.

Nicoleta Dascălu and Raluca Șerban were the defending champions, but chose not to participate.

Anna Bondár and Kimberley Zimmermann won the title, defeating Xenia Knoll and Elena-Gabriela Ruse in the final, 7–6(7–5), 6–2.

Anna Bondár
Anna Bondár (born 27 May 1997) is a Hungarian professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of No. 50 by the WTA, achieved on 18 July 2022 and a best doubles ranking of No. 43, reached on 30 January 2023. She is currently the No. 1 singles player from Hungary.

Playing for Hungary in Billie Jean King Cup, Bondár has a win–loss record of 16–9 (as of October 2024).
Triethyl citrate
Triethyl citrate is an ester of citric acid.  It is a colorless, odorless liquid used as a food additive, emulsifier and solvent (E number E1505) to stabilize foams, especially as whipping aid  for egg white. It is also used in pharmaceutical coatings and plastics.

Triethyl citrate is also used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and similar plastics.

Triethyl citrate has been used as a pseudo-emulsifier in e-cigarette juices. It functions essentially like lecithin used in food products, but with the possibility of vaporization which lecithin does not have.

Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar (pickling), salt (salting), smoke (smoking) and sugar (crystallization), have been used for centuries to preserve food. This allows for longer-lasting foods, such as bacon, sweets, and wines.

With the advent of ultra-processed foods in the late 20th century, many additives having both natural and artificial origin were introduced. Food additives also include substances that may be introduced to food indirectly (called "indirect additives") in the manufacturing process through packaging, storage or transport.

In Europe and internationally, many additives are designated with E numbers, while in the United States, additives in amounts deemed safe for human consumption are designated as GRAS.
Triangulation (geometry)
In geometry, a triangulation is a subdivision of a planar object into triangles, and by extension the subdivision of a higher-dimension geometric object into simplices. Triangulations of a three-dimensional volume would involve subdividing it into tetrahedra packed together.

In most instances, the triangles of a triangulation are required to meet edge-to-edge and vertex-to-vertex.

Euclidean plane
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted  or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.

A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set  of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
2017–18 Saudi Second Division
The 2017–18 Saudi Second Division was the 42nd season of the Saudi Second Division since its establishment in 1976.

The season featured 13 teams from the 2016–17 campaign, three new teams relegated from the 2016–17 First Division: Al-Adalh, Al-Jeel and Wej, and four new teams promoted from the 2016–17 Third Division: Al-Kholood as champions, Al-Hejaz as runners-up, Al-Taqadom as third place and Al-Jubail as fourth place. The league began on 19 October 2017 and ended on 17 March 2018.

Al-Jeel Club
Al-Jeel Club (Arabic: نادي الجيل) is a Saudi Arabian football club based in Hofuf, Al-Hasa, the club competes in the Saudi Second Division League, the third tier of Saudi football.

The club play their home games at Prince Abdullah bin Jalawi Sport City in Al-Ahsa, sharing the stadium with two other city-based clubs, Hajer FC and Al-Adalah FC.
Milove
Milove (Ukrainian: Мілове; Russian: Меловое, romanized: Melovoye) is the easternmost rural settlement the nominal administrative center of Milove settlement hromada in the Starobilsk Raion of Luhansk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. Population: 5,680 (2022 estimate). Prior to 2020, it was the administrative centre of the former Milove Raion. The town is currently occupied by Russian troops.

The town is adjacent to the Russian town of Chertkovo in Rostov Oblast. Its train station used to be on the Russian side of the border at Chertkovo railway station.

Starobilsk Raion
Starobilsk Raion (Ukrainian: Старобільський район) is a raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast of eastern Ukraine. The administrative center of the district is the town of Starobilsk. Population: 123,833 (2022 estimate).

Its territory was greatly expanded during the 2020 Ukrainian administrative reforms.
IBM Service Management Framework
The Service Management Framework (SMF) is a software product by IBM which implements the OSGi Service Platform.

It is available as a component of other IBM products, including IBM Lotus Expeditor, a platform enabling OSGi developers to build configurable, disconnectable, managed, applications and services for desktop, mobile, and embeddable clients delivering web, Ajax, and/or rich user interfaces.

According to the internet archive support for this was dropped in October 2007, this is unexplained and may be because of the new release of the OSGi standard r4.  (This is most likely because it was turned over to Eclipse to be the Equinox launcher)

OSGi
OSGi is an open specification and open source project under the Eclipse Foundation.

It is a continuation of the work done by the OSGi Alliance (formerly known as the Open Services Gateway initiative), which was an open standards organization for software founded in March 1999. The foundation originally specified and maintained the OSGi standard. The alliance transferred its work to the Eclipse Foundation at the end of 2020.

The OSGi specification describes a modular system and a service platform for the Java programming language that implements a complete and dynamic component model, something that does not exist in standalone Java or VM environments.  It has a service-oriented architecture based on micro services each implemented as an extended Java class file archive (JAR (file format)).
Supreme Tribunal of Justice
A number of national supreme courts style themselves "Supreme Tribunals of Justice":

Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Bolivia) (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia)

Superior Court of Justice (Brazil) (Superior Tribunal de Justiça)

Supreme Court of Justice (Portugal) (Supremo Tribunal de Justiça)

Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Venezuela)

Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela in exile

Superior Court of Justice (Brazil)
The Superior Court of Justice (Portuguese: Superior Tribunal de Justiça, also known as STJ, IPA: [ˌɛsiteˈʒɔtɐ]) is the highest appellate court in Brazil for non-constitutional issues regarding federal law. The STJ also has original jurisdiction over some cases. Its jurisdiction is provided for in Article 105 of the Brazilian Constitution.

A Special Appeal (in Portuguese, Recurso Especial) can be made to this court when a judgement by any of the country's appellate courts goes against a federal statutory provision or when said courts have issued different interpretations of the same federal statute.

By rule, the STJ decides only issues of law, and does not analyze any factual issues pertaining the cases' probatory elements, about which the appellate courts give the last word.

As in other superior courts in Brazil, STJ's justices are called "ministers" (Portuguese: ministros), not to be confused with ministers from the executive branch.
Court: State vs a Nobody
Court: State vs A Nobody is a 2025 Indian Telugu-language legal drama film written and directed by Ram Jagadeesh in his directorial debut; it was produced by Prashanti Tipirneni and presented by Nani, through Wall Poster Cinema. The film stars Priyadarshi Pulikonda, P. Sai Kumar, Sivaji, Rohini, Harsha Vardhan, Subhalekha Sudhakar, Harsh Roshan and Sridevi Apalla in important roles.

The film was released on 14 March 2025 to positive reviews from critics and was successful at the box office grossing ₹57–58.15 crore worldwide.

Harsha Vardhan
Harsha Vardhan is an Indian actor and screenwriter who works in Telugu films and television shows.

He is known for his performance in television shows such as Ruthuragalu and Amrutham and has appeared in more than seventy five films in a variety of roles.
Biri-Biri
"Biri-Biri" (from Japanese ビリビリ, onomatopoeia for electric shock) is a song by Japanese duo Yoasobi. It was released as a single on November 18, 2023, by Sony Music Entertainment Japan to commemorate the first anniversary of the 2022 role-playing video games Pokémon Scarlet and Violet. Written by Ayase, the song was based on the novelist Ayano Takeda's short story Kimi to Ameagari o.

An electropop track with video game music elements, "Biri-Biri" is about a bond between rivals, referring to the various Pokémon video games and using numerous Japanese sound symbolism. The 3D-animated music video for the song was directed by Ryō Sasaki and depicts two girls' journey with various Pokémon. Commercially, "Biri-Biri" reached number 14 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 and number 19 on the Oricon Combined Singles Chart.

Billboard Japan Hot 100
The Billboard Japan Hot 100 is a record chart in Japan for songs. It has been compiled by Billboard Japan and Hanshin Contents Link since February 2008. The chart is updated every Wednesday at Billboard-japan.com (JST) and every Thursday at Billboard.com (UTC).

The first number-one song on the chart was "Stay Gold" by Hikaru Utada on the issue dated January 16, 2008. The first number-one song on the chart by a non-Japanese artist was "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis in the issue dated April 30, 2008. The current number-one on the chart as of the issue dated February 25, 2026, is "Bakuretsu Aishiteru" by M!lk.
Londonderry (CDP), New Hampshire
Londonderry is a census-designated place (CDP) within the town of Londonderry in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population of the CDP was 11,645 at the 2020 census, out of 25,826 in the entire town.

New Hampshire Route 28
New Hampshire Route 28 is an 85.413-mile-long (137.459 km) north–south state highway in eastern New Hampshire. It connects the town of Ossipee in east-central New Hampshire with Salem on the Massachusetts border, while passing through Manchester, the largest city in the state.

The southern terminus of NH 28 is on the Massachusetts state line in Salem in south central New Hampshire, from where Massachusetts Route 28 continues south into the city of Methuen and beyond to Boston and Cape Cod. The northern terminus is at the junction with New Hampshire Route 16, the White Mountain Road, in Ossipee, in northern New Hampshire.

Route 28 parallels Interstate 93 south of Manchester, going slightly northwest, but it goes northeast north of Manchester.
Käte Schaller-Härlin
Käte Schaller-Härlin (Katharina Maria Schaller-Härlin), née Härlin (born 19 October 1877 in Mangalore; died 9 May 1973 in Stuttgart-Rotenberg), was a German painter known for portraits, still lifes, and monumental church paintings.

Theodor Heuss
Theodor Heuss (German: [ˈteːodoːɐ̯ ˈhɔʏs] ⓘ; 31 January 1884 – 12 December 1963) was a German liberal politician who served as the first president of West Germany from 1949 to 1959. His civil demeanour and his cordial nature – something of a contrast to German nationalist traditions and the stern character of chancellor Konrad Adenauer – largely contributed to the stabilization of democracy in West Germany during the Wirtschaftswunder years. Before beginning his career as a politician, Heuss had been a political journalist. To this day, Heuss is remembered as a major representative of social liberalism in Germany.
Jebel Nakhsh
Jebel Nakhsh (Arabic: جبل النخش; also known as Khashm Al Nakhsh) is a mountain ridge in southern Qatar that stands roughly 90 meters (300 ft) tall and which runs southeast-to-northwest for 33 km parallel with the western coast. Three main rock layers make up the mountain, the bottom layer containing multiple burrows and being primarily composed of limestone, marl, and shale, the middle layer, which is also the largest, being made up of limestone, marl, stromatolitic limestone and evaporites, and the top layer comprising mainly limestone, which is sedimentary.

Evaporite
An evaporite (/ɪˈvæpəˌraɪt/) is a water-soluble sedimentary mineral deposit caused by the concentration and crystallization (chemical precipitation) that results when enough of the water solvent evaporates from an aqueous solution. There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of water such as lakes. Evaporites are considered sedimentary rocks and are formed by chemical sediments.