hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Yazdiah
Al-Yazdiah is a Syrian village in the Safita district of Tartus governorate. It is located about 6 kilometers south of Safita city. The village is located on the western slopes of the Latakia Mountains, about 25 kilometers east of the Mediterranean coast. Dahr al-Yazdiah and Khirbet Abu Hamdan belong to the village administratively. It overlooks the Al-Abrash Dam.

It has a Christian population of Greek Orthodox and Evangelical Presbyterian denominations, with a minority of Alawites Muslims.

Tartus
Tartus (Arabic: طَرْطُوس / ALA-LC: Ṭarṭūs; officially known as Tartous and also historically known in the County of Tripoli as Tortosa) is a major port city on the Mediterranean coast of Syria. It is the second largest port city in Syria (after Latakia), and the largest city in Tartus Governorate. Tartus was under the governance of Latakia Governorate until the 1970s, when it became a separate governorate. The population is 458,327 (2023 estimate). In the summer it is a vacation spot for many Syrians.
Kate Sessions
Katherine Olivia Sessions (November 8, 1857 – March 24, 1940) was an American botanist, horticulturalist, and landscape architect closely associated with San Diego, California. She is known as the "Mother of Balboa Park".

Landscape architect
A landscape architect is a person who is educated and trained in the field of landscape architecture.

According to the International Federation of Landscape Architects, which draws on International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO/08, 2162), the profession is defined as:

Landscape Architects plan, design and manage natural and built environments, applying aesthetic and scientific principles to address ecological sustainability, quality and health of landscapes, collective memory, heritage and culture, and territorial justice.

Other definitions emphasise the technical and regulatory aspects of practice. For example, landscape architecture may include site analysis and inventory, land and site planning, planting design, grading and earthworks, nature based solutions, stormwater management, sustainable design, engagement, construction specification, and ensuring compliance with building codes, planning policy, and environmental regulation.
Providence, Guyana
Providence is a community in the Demerara-Mahaica Region of Guyana, on the east bank of the Demerara River, located at 6°46′0″N 58°10′0″W﻿ / ﻿6.76667°N 58.16667°W﻿ / 6.76667; -58.16667, altitude 1 metre (3 feet).  Providence is approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the capital, Georgetown.

Providence is the home of the international cricket venue Providence Stadium. It also held few matches of 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup.

Providence Stadium
The Providence Stadium or Guyana National Stadium is a sports stadium in Guyana, replacing Bourda as the national stadium. The stadium was built specifically to host Super Eight matches in the 2007 Cricket World Cup held in March and April 2007.

The stadium hosted six World Cup matches between March 28, 2007 and April 9, 2007, most notably the match between Sri Lanka and South Africa in which Sri Lankan fast bowler Lasith Malinga became the first bowler in international cricket history to take four wickets in four consecutive balls. Built primarily for cricket matches, the stadium can be converted into a multi-use facility.
Avanhard, Odesa Oblast
Avanhard (Ukrainian: Авангард, IPA: [ɐʋɐnˈɦard] ⓘ; Russian: Авангард, IPA: [ɐvɐnˈɡart] ⓘ) is a rural settlement in Odesa Raion, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. It is a western suburb of the city of Odesa and is adjacent to the city. Avanhard hosts the administration of Avanhard settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 7,435 (2022 estimate).

Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.
Pierius
Pierius was a Christian priest and probably head of the Catechetical School of Alexandria, conjointly with Achillas. He flourished while Theonas was bishop of Alexandria, and died at Rome after 309. The Roman Martyrology commemorates him on 4 November.

His skill as an exegetical writer and as a preacher gained for him the appellation, "Origen the Younger". Philip of Side, Photius, and others assert that he was a martyr. However, since Jerome assures us that he survived the Diocletianic Persecution and spent the rest of his life at Rome, the term "martyr" can only mean that he underwent sufferings, not death, for his faith.

Exegesis
Exegesis (/ˌɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ ⓘ EK-sih-JEE-sis; from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical exegesis can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.

Textual criticism investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of literary genres presented in the text and analysis of grammatical and syntactical features in the text itself.
Center for the Transformation of Chemistry
The Center for the Transformation of Chemistry (CTC) is an emerging large-scale research center with locations in Delitzsch, Saxony, and Merseburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its mission is to drive the transformation of chemistry to support a circular economy. The establishment of the CTC began in 2023, and by 2038, the center is expected to employ a total of 1,000 staff members. The designated founding director is chemist Peter Seeberger.

Merseburg
Merseburg (German pronunciation: [ˈmɛʁzəbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town in central Germany in southern Saxony-Anhalt, situated on the river Saale, and approximately 14 km south of Halle (Saale) and 30 km west of Leipzig. It is the capital of the Saalekreis district. It had a diocese founded by Archbishop Adalbert of Magdeburg.
The University of Merseburg is located within the town. Merseburg has around 35,000 inhabitants.
Centro Educativo Monteverde
Monteverde International School (Spanish: Centro Educativo Monteverde) is a private school in Cancún, Mexico. It serves preschool through high school (preparatoria).

Cecilia Alcántara founded the school in the northern hemisphere summer of 1996. The first school building was constructed at Av. Kohunlich in Super Manzana 46 during the summer of 1997. Construction of the current campus on Av. Bonampak, Super Manzana 10B, began as of the 2001/2002 school year.

Academic year
An academic year, or school year, is a period that schools, colleges and universities use to measure the duration of studies for a given educational level. Academic years are often divided into academic terms. Students attend classes and do relevant exams and homework during this time, which comprises school days (days when there is education) and school holidays (when there is a break from education). The duration of school days, holidays and school year varies across the world. The days in the school year depend on the state or country. For example, in most of the US states, there are 180 days in a school year, but in the US state of Minnesota there are 165 days in the year.
Kokandia
Kokandia is a monotypic genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae. The only known species Kokandia salsolicola is a parasitoid of gall midges belonging to the family Cecidomyiidae which use plants of the goosefoot genus Salsola as hosts.

Chenopodium
Chenopodium is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoot, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classification systems, notably the widely used Cronquist system, separate it and its relatives as Chenopodiaceae, but this leaves the rest of the Amaranthaceae polyphyletic. However, among the Amaranthaceae, the genus Chenopodium is the namesake member of the subfamily Chenopodioideae.
Q-difference polynomial
In combinatorial mathematics, the q-difference polynomials or q-harmonic polynomials are a polynomial sequence defined in terms of the q-derivative. They are a generalized type of Brenke polynomial, and generalize the Appell polynomials.  See also Sheffer sequence.

Brenke–Chihara polynomials
In mathematics, Brenke polynomials are special cases of generalized Appell polynomials, and Brenke–Chihara polynomials are the Brenke polynomials that are also orthogonal polynomials.

Brenke (1945) introduced sequences of Brenke polynomials Pn, which are special cases of generalized Appell polynomials with generating function of the form

Brenke observed that Hermite polynomials and Laguerre polynomials are examples of Brenke polynomials, and asked if there are any other sequences of orthogonal polynomials of this form. Geronimus (1947) found some further examples of orthogonal Brenke polynomials. Chihara (1968, 1971) completely classified all Brenke polynomials that form orthogonal sequences, which are now called Brenke–Chihara polynomials, and found their orthogonality relations.
Sulcaria isidiifera
Sulcaria isidiifera, commonly known as the splitting yarn lichen, is a rare species of pendent (hanging) fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It has a dull yellowish-white to light brown and reddish-brown thallus and is typically 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) long. It is only known to occur in the Los Osos Oaks State Natural Reserve, in the Central Coast of California region, where it grows on a variety of shrubs.

Fruticose lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts.  Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes.  Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions.
San Vicente Redwoods
San Vicente Redwoods is an emerging 8,500 acres (34 km2) mixed-use open space in Davenport, California. It is the largest privately owned parcel in Santa Cruz County, California, and one of the largest in California.

Since 2011 the land has been owned and managed by the Living Landscape Initiative, a consortium of local and national conservation groups, including the Peninsula Open Space Trust, the Land Trust of Santa Cruz County, The Nature Conservancy, the Save the Redwoods League and the Sempervirens Fund. The $30 million purchase from Cemex was supported in part by the Packard and Moore Foundations. The new name of the park stems from the San Vicente Creek which flows through the main portion of the park. A small exclave of the parcel straddles Laguna Creek to the east.

David and Lucile Packard Foundation
The David and Lucile Packard Foundation is a private foundation that provides grants to not-for-profit organizations.  It was created in 1964 by David Packard (co-founder of HP) and his wife Lucile Salter Packard.  Following David Packard's death in 1996, the Foundation became the beneficiary of part of his estate.

The foundation's goals, through the use of grants, are to "improve the lives of children, enable creative pursuit of science, advance reproductive health, and conserve and restore earth's natural systems."  As of 2016, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation was the 20th wealthiest foundation in the United States.
Wigginton and Hopwas
Wigginton and Hopwas is a civil parish in Lichfield District, Staffordshire, England. The villages of Wigginton and Hopwas, that make up the parish, lie 2 miles to the north and north-west, respectively, of Tamworth. They are separated by the River Tame, the Coventry Canal and the West Coast Main Line. The parish also includes the hamlet of Comberford.

The civil parish is based on the old ecclesiastical parish of Wigginton; Hopwas had been part of the parish of Tamworth. It contains several listed buildings, including churches at Wigginton and at Hopwas, farms and houses, and even a listed milepost in Hopwas.

St Chad's Church, Hopwas
St Chad's Church is in the village of Hopwas, Staffordshire, England.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Tamworth, the archdeaconry of Lichfield and the diocese of Lichfield.  Its benefice is combined with those of St Editha, Tamworth, St Francis, Leyfields, and St Andrew, Kettlebrook.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.
Sport Ireland National Aquatic Centre
The Sport Ireland National Aquatic Centre (NAC) (Irish: Ionad Náisiúnta Uisce) is an indoor aquatics facility in Blanchardstown, Fingal, Ireland. The State-owned complex houses a 50-metre swimming pool with an associated diving pool, an aquapark and leisure pool, and a fitness centre.

Since opening in March 2003, the centre has hosted the swimming events of the 2003 Special Olympics World Summer Games, the 2003 European Short Course Swimming Championships and a number of international water polo events. It also hosts the Irish Open Swimming Championships, Irish Senior Water Polo Cup, and Irish Open Diving Championships, as well as a number of other national and regional aquatic events.

Fingal
Fingal (English:  /ˈfɪŋɡɔːl/ FING-gawl; from Irish Fine Gall, meaning 'foreign tribe') is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It is one of three successor counties to County Dublin, which was disestablished for administrative purposes in 1994. Its name is derived from the medieval territory of Scandinavian foreigners (Irish: gaill) that settled in the area. Fingal County Council is the local authority for the county. In 2022 the population of the county was 330,506, making it the second most populated council in Dublin and the third most populous county in the state.
Neurotic (EP)
Neurotic is the fourth EP released by the New Jersey punk band The Bouncing Souls.  It was released on Chunksaah Records in 1994.  All of the songs on here were later released on The Good, The Bad & The Argyle.

Chunksaah Records
Chunksaah Records is an Asbury Park, New Jersey, formerly New Brunswick, New Jersey–based independent record label founded in 1993 by The Bouncing Souls. The label started as a means for the band to release their own recordings, but ended up releasing material by other punk bands, mostly from the New Jersey area, as well. It is named after a benefactor, Timmy Chunks.

The label issues new material and vinyl re-releases. For example, The Bouncing Souls' The Gold Record was released on CD by Epitaph Records but Chunksaah released the vinyl album.
Badley Moor
Badley Moor is an 18.3-hectare (45-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest  east of Dereham in Norfolk, England. It is part of the Norfolk Valley Fens Special Area of Conservation.

This area of spring fed fen and grassland in the valley of the River Tud has tufa hummocks formed by the deposit of calcium carbonate. It has an exceptionally rich fen community with a carpet of moss on wet slopes with many unusual plants. There are overgrown dykes with flora including narrow-leaved water-parsnip and water dropwort.

For around 25 years from 1785 onward, a gibbet holding murderer James Cliffen's remains was a local landmark on Badley Moor, visible across the moor and on William Faden's 1797 map of the county. It was removed after the enclosure of this common land.

William Faden
William Faden (1749–1836) was an English cartographer and a publisher of maps. He was the royal geographer to King George III. He replaced Thomas Jefferys in that role.

The title of "geographer to the king" was given to various people in the 18th century, including John Senex, Herman Moll, Emanuel Bowen and Thomas Jeffreys. All of these men, including William Faden, were engravers and publishers, not scholars or academics. Their part was to publish and supply maps to the crown and parliament.
Neptune (Italian band)
Neptune is an Italian melodic death metal band from Verona, formed in 1999. Their influences are based upon melodic death metal acts such as Hatesphere, In Flames, Soilwork, Dark Tranquillity, Disarmonia Mundi, At the Gates and The Haunted. They have released four albums and a demo.

Soilwork
Soilwork is a Swedish melodic death metal band from Helsingborg. They have released twelve studio albums. Formed in late 1995 by Björn Strid and Peter Wichers, the band was originally known as Inferior Breed. In late 1996, they changed their name to Soilwork, which means "working from the ground up".
Paul Smith (journalist)
Paul Smith is a leading British football journalist, currently chief football writer for tabloid newspaper The Sunday Mirror. He is a former British Sports Reporter of the Year. Before joining The Sunday Mirror, he was a deputy editor of Match.

In 2002, Smith was at the centre of a security scare that made news headlines around the world, when despite the post–September 11 security measures put in place by the organisers of the 2002 World Cup, his press accreditation was collected by an impersonator. The real Paul Smith spent two hours being questioned by Korean police before being released to continue with his coverage of the tournament.

He is a semi-regular on Sky Sports 1's Sunday Supplement.

Sunday Mirror
The Sunday Mirror is the Sunday sister paper of the Daily Mirror. It began life in 1915 as the Sunday Pictorial and was renamed the Sunday Mirror in 1963.  In 2016 it had an average weekly circulation of 620,861, dropping markedly to 505,508 the following year. Competing closely with other papers, in July 2011, on the second weekend after the closure of the News of the World, more than 2,000,000 copies sold, the highest level since January 2000.
Public Stores Act 1875
The Public Stores Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 25) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which applied to all stores under the care of the secretary of state, including "any public department or office, or of any person in the service of Her Majesty." Although in parts now superseded by subsequent legislation, or otherwise defunct, some sections are still in force. This includes a power of stop and search that is still available to police constables today.

Stop and search
Stop and search or Stop and frisk is a term used to describe the powers of the police to search a person, place or object without first making an arrest.

Examples in specific jurisdictions include:

Powers of the police in England and Wales § Search without arrest in England and Wales

Powers of the police in Scotland § Search without a warrant in Scotland

Terry stop, in the United States
District Council of Lucindale
The  District Council of Lucindale was a local government area in the Australian state of South Australia that existed from 1878 to 1998 on land in the state’s south-east.

It was proclaimed on 28 February 1878 with its seat being located in the town of  Lucindale.

At establishment, it consisted of the whole of the Hundred of Joyce.  By 1985, the district's extent had grown by the addition of the following six hundreds - Coles, Conmurra, Fox, Spence, Townsend and Woolumbool.  As of 1985, the population of each hundred was represented by a ward  whose boundary aligned with the respective hundred, with an eighth ward representing the population of the Town of Lucindale.

On 1 December 1998, it was  amalgamated with the District Council of Naracoorte to create the Naracoorte Lucindale Council.

Woolumbool, South Australia
Woolumbool is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located about 260 kilometres (160 mi) south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 39 kilometres (24 mi) west of the municipal seat in Naracoorte.

Woolumbool’s boundaries were created on 3 December 1998 for the “local established name” which is derived from the cadastral unit of the  Hundred of Woolumbool.  The locality's boundaries align with those of the Hundred with exception to its southern boundary where the following roads form the boundary - Old Coach Road and Fairview Road.

Woolumbool is located within the federal division of Barker, the state electoral district of MacKillop and the local government area of the  Naracoorte Lucindale Council.
Hans Peter Schlickewei
Hans Peter Schlickewei (born 1947) is a German mathematician, specializing in number theory and, in particular, the theory of transcendental numbers.

Schlickewei received his doctorate in 1975 at the University of Freiburg under the supervision of Theodor Schneider. Schlickewei is a professor at the University of Marburg.

He proved in 1976 the p-adic generalization of the subspace theorem of Wolfgang M. Schmidt. Schlickewei's theorem implies the Thue-Siegel-Roth theorem, whose p-adic analogue was already proved in 1958 by David Ridout.

In 1998, Schlickewei was an invited speaker with talk The Subspace Theorem and Applications at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berlin.

Roth's theorem
In mathematics, Roth's theorem or Thue–Siegel–Roth theorem is a fundamental result in diophantine approximation to algebraic numbers. It is of a qualitative type, stating that algebraic numbers cannot have many rational approximations that are 'very good'. Over half a century, the meaning of very good here was refined by a number of mathematicians, starting with Joseph Liouville in 1844 and continuing with work of Axel Thue (1909),  Carl Ludwig Siegel (1921), Freeman Dyson (1947), and Klaus Roth (1955).
Demodex zalophi
Demodex zalophi is a species of mite within the family Demodecidae. The species is the first demodicid to be described from marine mammals, first being documented from California sea lions in 1979. Occurrences of the species have also been recovered in captive sea lions in California, Texas, and Australia. It is known to inhabit other species of pinnipeds such as northern fur seals and is associated with causing hyperkeratosis, alopecia and puritis, with topical amitraz showing to be an effective treatment.

Demodex
Demodex /ˈdɛmədɛks/ is a genus of tiny mites that live in or near hair follicles of mammals. Around 65 species of Demodex are known. Two species live on humans: Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, both frequently referred to as eyelash mites, alternatively face mites or skin mites.

Different species of animals host different species of Demodex. Demodex canis lives on the domestic dog. The presence of Demodex species on mammals is common and usually does not cause any symptoms. Demodex is derived from Greek δημός (dēmos) 'fat' and δήξ (dēx) 'woodworm'.