hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter A. Abeles
Peter Aron Abeles (February 15, 1886 – September 12, 1952) was a Jewish Romanian-American lawyer, politician, and judge. Abeles served as a New York State Senator from the Bronx in 1919 and 1920, later working as a Special U.S. Attorney for the Department of Justice with the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals.

Romanian Americans
Romanian Americans (Romanian: români americani) are Americans who have Romanian ancestry. According to the 2023 American Community Survey, 425,738 Americans indicated Romanian as their first or second ancestry, however other sources provide higher estimates, which are most likely more accurate, for the numbers of Romanian Americans in the contemporary United States; for example, the Romanian-American Network supplies a rough estimate of 1.2 million who are fully or partially of Romanian ethnicity. There is also a significant number of people of Romanian Jewish ancestry, estimated at 225,000.
Cambridge City Hockey Club
Cambridge City Hockey Club is a field hockey club based at Wilberforce Road in Cambridge, England. Facilities at the Wilberforce Road Sports Ground were expanded to include three artificial pitches in October 2018.

Founded in 1906, the club now runs seven men's teams, five women's teams, and a junior section. The men's first team play in the Men's England Hockey League and the women's first team play in the Women's England Hockey League. Former GB International Jon Peckett runs the Junior Academy.

Women's England Hockey League
The Women's England Hockey League is a field hockey league organised by England Hockey that features women's teams from England.  From 2011–2020 it was sponsored by Investec and was referred to as the Investec Women's Hockey League.
Mary Despina Lekas
Mary Despina Lekas Picozzi (May 13, 1928 – January 24, 2023) was an American physician. She was head of otolaryngology and Surgeon-in-Chief at Rhode Island Hospital from 1983 to 1996, professor of Clinical Otolaryngology at Brown University's Alpert Medical School, and president of the New England Otolaryngological Society.

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.
Currency of Spain
This is a list of currency of Spain. The official currency of Spain since 2002 is the Euro. The basic and most prevalent unit of Spanish currency before the Euro was the Peseta. The first Peseta coins were minted in 1869, and the last were minted in 2011. Peseta banknotes were first printed in 1874 and were phased out with the introduction of the Euro. Prior to this was the Silver escudo (1865–1869), Gold escudo (1535/1537–1849), Spanish real (mid-14th century–1865), Maravedí (11th–14th century), and Spanish dinero (10th century).

Maravedí
The maravedí (Spanish pronunciation: [maɾaβeˈði]) or maravedi (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐɾɐvɨˈði]), deriving from the Almoravid dinar (Arabic: المرابطي, romanized: al-murābiṭī), was the name of various Iberian coins of gold and then silver between the 11th and 14th centuries, and the name of different Iberian accounting units between the 11th and 19th centuries.
Antony Anghie
Antony T. Anghie is a law professor at the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law and Secretary-General of the Asian Society of International Law. He was previously the Samuel D. Thurman Professor at S. J. Quinney College of Law, University of Utah and continues to serve as Professor at the College of Law. He has been visiting professor at numerous schools including the American University Cairo, Cornell Law School, the London School of Economics, Harvard Law School, the University of Brasilia, and the University of Cambridge.

He is also a member of the Institut de Droit International, whose membership comprises the world's leading public international lawyers.

Anghie is a leading scholar in the Third World Approaches to International Law movement.

American University in Cairo
The American University in Cairo (AUC; Arabic: الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة, romanized: al-Jāmi‘a al-’Amrīkiyya bi-l-Qāhira) is a private research university in New Cairo, Egypt. The university offers American-style learning programs at undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels, along with a continuing education program. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education in the United States and Egypt's National Authority for Quality Assurance and Assessment of Education.
Interchange circuit
In telecommunications, an interchange circuit is a circuit that facilitates the exchange of data and signaling information between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE).

An interchange circuit can carry many types of signals and provide many types of service features, such as control signals, timing signals, and common return functions.

Signaling (telecommunications)
In telecommunications, signaling is the use of signals for controlling communications. This may constitute an information exchange concerning the establishment and control of a telecommunication circuit and the management of the network.
Octuroplata bella
Octuroplata bella is a species of beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It known from the Brazilian state of Amazonas. It was described by Erich Uhmann in 1940 based on two specimens collected by Joseph Sugar Baly.

Erich Uhmann
Erich Leo Ludwig Uhmann (4 November 1881 – 15 January 1968) was a German teacher and entomologist known for his contributions to beetle taxonomy. Born in Chemnitz, he worked as a secondary school teacher in Stollberg from 1908 to 1943. During this period he also pursued entomological research, largely focusing on hispine beetles, which he continued after retiring from teaching until his death in 1968. A prolific author of scientific papers, Uhmann would come to be recognised as an international expert on hispines, having published over 200 papers on hispine taxonomy.
Cluster-aware application
A cluster-aware application is a software application designed to call cluster APIs in order to determine its running state, in case a manual failover is triggered between cluster nodes for planned technical maintenance, or an automatic failover is required, if a computing cluster node encounters hardware or software failure, to maintain business continuity. A cluster-aware application may be capable of failing over LAN or WAN.

Failover
Failover is switching to a redundant or standby computer server, system, hardware component or network upon the failure or abnormal termination of the previously active application, server, system, hardware component, or network in a computer network. Failover and switchover are essentially the same operation, except that failover is automatic and usually operates without warning, while switchover requires human intervention.
Stokka, Sandnes
Stokka is a neighborhood in the borough of Lura in the northwestern corner of the city of Sandnes which lies in the far western edge of the large Sandnes municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  Stokka is bordered on the south by the borough of Malmheim og Soma, to the east by the urban part of the borough of Lura, to the north by Forus in the neighboring city of Stavanger, and to the west by Sola municipality. Large parts of the area are industrialised, with the area north of the road Løwenstrasse used as the headquarters of Forus Næringspark. The European route E39 highway runs along the east side of Stokka.

Sola, Norway
Sola is a municipality and a Seaside resort in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Jæren. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Solakrossen. Other villages include Tananger, Hålandsmarka, Sørnes, and Stenebyen. Stavanger Airport is located in Sola, just a short distance from the large Stavanger/Sandnes metropolitan area.

The 69-square-kilometre (27 sq mi) municipality is the 342nd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sola is the 41st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 28,315. The municipality's population density is 411.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,066/sq mi) and its population has increased by 15.2f% over the previous 10-year period.

In the western part of Sola, there are 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) of long, sandy beaches facing the North Sea. The usually suitable wind and waves make the sandy beaches a popular place for windsurfing.
Ahornbüchsenkopf
The Ahornbüchsenkopf is a northern subpeak of the Hoher Göll, 1,604 m above sea level (NN) high, in the Berchtesgaden Alps in the county of Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria, Germany, and the state of Salzburg in Austria.

Berchtesgaden
Berchtesgaden (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁçtəsˌɡaːdn̩] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria, in southeastern Germany, near the border with Austria, 30 km (19 mi) south of Salzburg and 180 km (110 mi) southeast of Munich. It lies in the Berchtesgaden Alps. South of the town, the Berchtesgaden National Park stretches along three parallel valleys.

The Kehlstein mountain (1,835 m or 6,020 ft), with its Kehlsteinhaus (Eagle's Nest), is located in the area.
Bratz: Starrin' & Stylin'
Bratz The Video: Starrin' & Stylin', or simply Bratz: Starrin' & Stylin', is a 2004 animated teen comedy film that was produced by CinéGroupe and MGA Entertainment and released on DVD and VHS by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, and later re-released by Lionsgate Home Entertainment in 2007. It can now be found on digital online streaming on Vudu and digital download on iTunes. This is the first Bratz movie that was released.

Teen film
Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers, preteens and/or young adults by the plot being based on their special interests, such as coming of age, attempting to fit in, bullying, peer pressure, first love, teen rebellion, conflict with parents, and teen angst or alienation. Often these normally serious subject matters are presented in a glossy, stereotyped or trivialized way. Many teenage characters are portrayed by young adult actors in their 20s. Some teen films appeal to young males, while others appeal to young females.

Films in this genre are often set in high schools and colleges, or contain characters who are of high school or college age.
Bugatti Atlantic (concept car)
The Bugatti Atlantic is a modern version of the Bugatti Atlantic Type 57. It remained as a prototype and was built in Wolfsburg, the headquarters of Volkswagen. It is also nicknamed the Bugatti Pebble.

Wolfsburg
Wolfsburg (German: [ˈvɔlfsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Wulfsborg) is the fifth-largest city in the German state of Lower Saxony. It lies on the river Aller, 75 kilometres (47 mi) east of Hanover and 230 kilometres (143 mi) west of Berlin.

Wolfsburg is famous as the location of Volkswagen AG's headquarters and, until it was overtaken by Tesla Gigafactory Texas in 2022, the world's biggest car plant. The Autostadt is a visitor attraction next to the Volkswagen factory that features the company's model range: Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Ducati, Lamborghini, MAN, Neoplan, Porsche, Scania, SEAT, Škoda Auto and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. Wolfsburg is one of the few German cities built during the first half of the 20th century as a planned city. From its founding on 1 July 1938 as a home for workers producing the KdF-Wagen until 25 May 1945, the city was called Stadt des KdF-Wagens bei Fallersleben. In 1972, the population first exceeded 100,000. In 2019, the GRP was €188,453 per capita.
Torshälla
Torshälla (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈtɔ̂ʂːˌhɛlːa]) is a locality situated in Eskilstuna Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden with 7,612 inhabitants in 2010. It is mainly known for steel manufacturing, centered on the Nyby Bruk steel mill, and also for its historic old town centre.

Because of its historic town status, from 1317 to 1971, Torshälla is customarily referred to as a stad (town or city) even though it does not have a population of 10,000, which is the limit presently in use defined by Statistics Sweden.

Before the local government reform of 1971 Torshälla was an independent municipality. A new proposal to detach Torshälla from Eskilstuna Municipality was turned down in a referendum in 2006.

Mill town
A mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is a community that developed around one or more textile or other industrial mills, where the local economy centered on mill production and company owners typically provided housing, stores, schools, and other services to support workers and their families. Emerging prominently during the early 19th-century Industrial Revolution, mill towns harnessed water power from rivers to mechanize textile manufacturing, initially concentrating in New England before expanding southward, where they eclipsed northern production by the 1920s through lower labor costs and abundant resources. These towns featured a paternalistic social structure, with mill corporations exerting broad influence over daily life to ensure labor stability and productivity, fostering economic booms that built infrastructure but also vulnerability to market fluctuations, technological changes, and eventual deindustrialization.
Conventional Commits Specification
Conventional Commits Specification (CCS) is the specification formalizing the categorization of commits in version control systems. This classification system distinguishes code changes based on their purpose—such as features, bug fixes, or documentation updates—to facilitate automated processes like changelog generation and semantic versioning.

Commit (version control)
In version control systems, a commit is an operation which sends the latest changes of the source code to the repository, making these changes part of the head revision of the repository. Unlike commits in data management, commits in version control systems are kept in the repository indefinitely. Thus, when other users do an update or a checkout from the repository, they will receive the latest committed version, unless they specify that they wish to retrieve a previous version of the source code in the repository. Version control systems allow rolling back to previous versions easily. In this context, a commit within a version control system is protected as it is easily rolled back, even after the commit has been applied.
Viola beckwithii
Viola beckwithii, known commonly as the Great Basin violet, Beckwith's violet, and sagebrush pansy, is a species of violet native to the western United States. It is an early-flowering plant of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) habitats in the Great Basin region.

This is a perennial herb with several decumbent or erect stems growing from a caudex. The stems are up to about 22 centimeters long, often with much of their length underground. The fleshy compound leaves have dissected leaflets of varying shape and size. Flowers arise from the leaf axils. The upper two petals are reddish violet, and the lower three are purplish to white with purple veining and yellow or orange bases.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
Mexican Federal Highway 37
Federal Highway 37 (Spanish: Carretera Federal 37, Fed. 37) is a toll-free part of the federal highways corridors (Spanish: los corredores carreteros federales) of Mexico. The highway runs from Villa de Zaragoza, San Luis Potosí, at its northern point to Playa Azul, Michoacán, located near the Pacific Ocean, at its southern point, near the port city of Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán. It crosses Fed. 14 at Uruapan, Michoacán, and Federal Highway 200 at La Mira, Michoacan.

Fed. 37 runs in two separate improved segments: the first segment runs from Villa de Zaragoza to San Felipe, Guanajuato. The second segment runs from Manuel Doblado, Guanajuato, to Playa Azul at Fed. 200. The two segments are connected via GTO 77 and Fed. 84-JAL 80. The highway is partly paralleled by Federal Highway 37D.

Uruapan
Uruapan del Progreso, simply known as Uruapan (Spanish pronunciation: [uˈrwa.pan]), is the second largest city in the Mexican state of Michoacán. It is located at the western edge of the Purépecha highlands, just to the east of the Tierra Caliente region. Since the colonial period, it has been an important city economically due to its location. The city was conquered by the Spanish in 1522, when the last Purépecha ruler fled the Pátzcuaro area to here. The modern city was laid out in 1534 by Friar Juan de San Miguel. It played an important role in the War of Independence, and was the capital of Michoacán during the French Intervention. Today it is the center of Mexico's avocado growing region, with most of the crop distributed from here nationally and internationally.
Osmundo Rama
Osmundo "Mundo" Genson Rama (September 23, 1914 — November 13, 1998) was a Filipino Visayan physician and politician from Cebu, Philippines. He served as Governor of Cebu province (1969-1976; 1986-1988) and Vice Governor (1968-1969).

Visayans
Visayans (Cebuano: mga Bisayâ [bisaˈjaʔ]) are a Philippine ethnolinguistic family group or metaethnicity native to the Visayas, to the southernmost islands south of Luzon, and to a significant portion of Mindanao. They are composed of numerous distinct ethnic groups. When taken as a single group, they number around 45.5 million. The Visayans, like the Luzon Lowlanders (Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Ilocanos, etc.) were originally predominantly animist-polytheists and broadly share a maritime culture until the 16th 
century when the Spanish Empire enforced Catholicism as the state religion. In more inland or otherwise secluded areas, ancient animistic-polytheistic beliefs and traditions either were reinterpreted within a Roman Catholic framework or syncretized with the new religion. Visayans are generally speakers of one or more of the distinct Bisayan languages, the most widely spoken being Cebuano, followed by Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) and Waray-Waray.
Genus (music)
In the musical system of ancient Greece, genus (Greek: γένος [genos], pl. γένη [genē], Latin: genus, pl. genera "type, kind") is a term used to describe certain classes of intonations of the two movable notes within a tetrachord. The tetrachordal system was inherited by the Latin medieval theory of scales and by the modal theory of Byzantine music; it may have been one source of the later theory of the jins of Arabic music. In addition, Aristoxenus (in his fragmentary treatise on rhythm) calls some patterns of rhythm "genera".

Intonation (music)
In music, intonation is the pitch accuracy of a musician or musical instrument. Intonation may be flat, sharp, or both, successively or simultaneously.

In vocal music, intonation also signifies the singing of an opening phrase.
Colognian idioms
An expression in a language is considered an idiom when its commonly understood figurative meaning is separate from its literal meaning.
Colognian has idioms, and they are as frequent as in all central European languages. Many coincide with idioms of the languages close to Colognian, such as Dutch, Limburgish, Low German, and High German, or with other Ripuarian varieties, but quite many are also unique to Colognian.

Colognian dialect
Colognian or Kölsch (pronounced [kœ̂lɧ], narrower [kœ̂ɫːʃ]ⓘ; full name Kölsch Platt) is a small set of very closely related dialects, or variants, of the Ripuarian group of dialects of the Central German group. These dialects are spoken in the area covered by the Archdiocese and former Electorate of Cologne reaching from Neuss in the north to just south of Bonn, west to Düren and east to Olpe in northwest Germany.
Kamal-ol-molk
Mohammad Ghaffari (Persian: محمد غفاری; 29 September 1848 — 18 August 1940), better known as Kamal-ol-Molk (Persian: کمال‌المُلک, lit. 'Perfection of the Realm'), was an Iranian painter and part of the Ghaffari family in Kashan, Qajar Iran.

Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar (Persian: مظفرالدین شاه قاجار, romanized: Mozaffareddin Šāh-e Qājār; 23 March 1853 – 3 January 1907) was the fifth Qajar shah of Iran, reigning from 1896 until his death in 1907. He is often credited with the creation of the Persian Constitution of 1906, which he approved of in one of his final acts as shah.
Francois Jacobsz
Francois Paul Jacobsz is a South African politician who represented the National Party (NP) in Parliament. He served in the House of Assembly during apartheid, representing a constituency in the former Transvaal, and he was also elected to a seat in the new National Assembly in South Africa's first post-apartheid elections in 1994. However, he did not complete his term.

Jacobsz is an economist by profession and attended Grey College in Bloemfontein. Ahead of the 2004 general election, when the NP was defunct, News24 reported that he was supporting the Freedom Front Plus.

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
Paseo del Bajo
Paseo del Bajo - officially named Brigadier General Juan Manuel de Rosas, is a highway in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It joins the 25 de Mayo, Arturo Illia and Buenos Aires-La Plata highways. It has a length of 7.1 km (4 mi) with two lanes in each direction.

It runs between Alicia M. de Justo, Ingeniero Huergo, Eduardo Madero, Antártida Argentina, and Ramón Castillo Avenues, through the barrios of Recoleta, Retiro, Puerto Madero, San Nicolás, Monserrat, San Telmo within the city of Buenos Aires. The freeway lanes are truck and bus only.

This highway is operated by "Autopistas Urbanas S.A." (AUSA), a limited company that builds and operates highways within the city of Buenos Aires. Its main shareholder is the Government of the City.

San Nicolás, Buenos Aires
San Nicolás is one of the neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires, Argentina, sharing most of the city and national government Neighborhood of Buenos Aires with neighboring Montserrat and home to much of the financial sector. It is referred usually as El Centro ("The Centre"), and the part east of the 9 de Julio Avenue is known as Microcentro.

The limits of the neighbourhood are the Córdoba, Callao, Rivadavia, La Rábida Norte and Eduardo Madero Avenues. The district is home to 33,305 inhabitants.