hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brämhult
Brämhult is a locality in Borås Municipality, Västra Götaland, Sweden.

Brämhult was originally an agrarian village formed around a medieval wooden church, the oldest parts of which have been dated to the mid-15th century.

Today, Brämhult is a suburb of Borås.

Borås Municipality
Borås Municipality (Swedish: Borås kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Borås.

In 1971 the City of Borås was made a municipality (kommun) when the unitary type of local government unit was introduced in Sweden. Three years later many surrounding municipalities were amalgamated with Borås. In 1995 the western part was separated, creating Bollebygd Municipality.

In the 1990s the municipal assembly (kommunfullmäktige) decided to use the name ″Borås stad″ or ″City of Borås″ whenever possible, for the whole municipality, including rural areas. This decision is purely nominal and has no effect on the legal status of the municipality.
Lucy Millington
Lucy Ann Bishop Millington (June 10, 1825 – January 17, 1900) was an American self-taught botanist known for her discovery of Arceuthobium pusillum, a species of dwarf mistletoe that was damaging trees in New York State.

Arceuthobium
The genus Arceuthobium, commonly called dwarf mistletoes, is a genus of 42 species of parasitic plants that parasitize members of Pinaceae and Cupressaceae in North America, Central America, Asia, Europe, and Africa. Of the 42 species that have been recognized, 39 and 21 of these are endemic to North America and the United States, respectively. They all have very reduced shoots and leaves (mostly reduced to scales) with the bulk of the plant living under the host's bark. Recently the number of species within the genus has been reduced to 26 as a result of more detailed genetic analysis.
Howel Samuel
Howel Walter Samuel (1881 – 5 April 1953) was a British Labour Party politician.

He was elected as the member of parliament (MP) for Swansea West at the 1923 general election, winning a 3-way contest by a majority of only 115 votes (0.6% of the total), having contested the seat unsuccessfully in 1922. He was defeated at the 1924 general election by the Liberal Party candidate Walter Runciman, but at the 1929 general election Ruciman stood instead in St Ives and Samuel regained the seat.

In 1931, when Labour had split over its leader Ramsay MacDonald's decision to leave the party and form a Conservative Party-dominated National Government, he faced only one opponent, the Liberal National candidate Lewis Jones, who took the seat. Samuel did not stand for Parliament again.

National Government (United Kingdom)
In the politics of the United Kingdom, a National Government is a coalition of some or all of the major political parties.  In a historical sense, it refers primarily to the governments of Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain which held office from 1931 until 1940.

The all-party coalitions of H. H. Asquith and David Lloyd George in the First World War were sometimes referred to as National Governments at the time, but are now more commonly called Coalition Governments.  The term "National Government" was chosen to dissociate itself from negative connotations of the earlier coalitions. Similarly the all-party government of Winston Churchill in the Second World War was generally referred to as the National Government at the time.
Sergey Shayslamov
Sergey Shayslamov (born 23 July 1970) is an Uzbekistani sprint canoer who competed in the mid-1990s. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, paired with his twin brother Vladimir Shayslamov, he was eliminated in the repechages of the C-2 500 m event and the semifinals of the C-2 1000 m event.

Repechage
Repechage (/ˌrɛpɪˈʃɑːʒ/ ⓘ REP-ish-AHZH, UK also /ˈrɛpɪʃɑːʒ/ REP-ish-ahzh; French: repêchage [ʁəpɛʃaʒ] ⓘ, lit. 'fishing out'  or 'rescuing') is a practice in series competitions that allows participants who failed to meet qualifying standards by a small margin to continue to the next round. A well-known example is the wild card system.
Cairn Valley Light Railway
The Cairn Valley Light Railway was a rural railway line built to connect Moniaive and other communities in the Cairn Valley with the main railway network at Dumfries. It opened in 1905 but usage was disappointing, and declined further when bus companies started competing. It was closed to passengers in 1943, and completely closed in 1949.

Dumfries
Dumfries (Scots: /dʌmˈfriːs/ ⓘ dum-FREESS; from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phris Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˌt̪un ˈfɾʲiʃ]) is a market town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, near the mouth of the River Nith on the Solway Firth, 25 miles (40 km) from the Anglo-Scottish border. Dumfries is the county town of the historic county of Dumfriesshire.

Before becoming King of Scots, Robert the Bruce killed his rival John Comyn III of Badenoch at Greyfriars Kirk in the town in 1306. The Young Pretender had his headquarters here towards the end of 1745. In World War II, the Norwegian armed forces in exile in Britain largely consisted of a brigade in Dumfries.

Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South. This is also the name of the town's football club. People from Dumfries are known colloquially in Scots language as Doonhamers.
MUSES Program
The MUSES Program (Mu Space Engineering Spacecraft) was a Japanese space programme consisting of:

MUSES-A, the Hiten moon spacecraft

MUSES-B, the HALCA (Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy) mission

MUSES-C, the Hayabusa asteroid sample return spacecraft

HALCA
HALCA (Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy), also known for its project name VSOP (VLBI Space Observatory Programme), the code name MUSES-B (for the second of the Mu Space Engineering Spacecraft series), or just Haruka ("far away, distant" (はるか)) was a Japanese 8 meter diameter radio telescope satellite which was used for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). It was the first such space-borne dedicated VLBI mission.
HMS Mulgrave
HMS Mulgrave was a 74-gun third rate Vengeur-class ship of the line built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 19th century. Completed in 1812, she played a minor role in the Napoleonic Wars.

Mulgrave was hulked in 1836, and broken up in 1854.

Hulk (ship type)
A hulk is a ship that is afloat, but incapable of going to sea. 'Hulk' may be used to describe a ship that has been launched but not completed, an abandoned wreck or shell, or a ship whose propulsion system is no longer maintained or has been removed altogether. The word hulk also may be used as a verb: a ship is "hulked" to convert it to a hulk. The verb was also applied to crews of Royal Navy ships in dock, who were sent to the receiving ship for accommodation, or "hulked". Hulks have a variety of uses such as housing, prisons, salvage pontoons, gambling sites, naval training, or cargo storage.

In the age of sail, many hulls served longer as hulks than they did as functional ships. Wooden ships were often hulked when the hull structure became too old and weak to withstand the stresses of sailing.

More recently, ships have been hulked when they become obsolete or when they become uneconomical to operate.
Xirula
The xirula (Basque pronunciation: [ʃiˈɾula], spelled chiroula in French, also pronounced txirula, (t)xülüla in Zuberoan Basque; Gascon: flabuta; French: galoubet) is a small three holed woodwind instrument or flute usually made of wood akin to the Basque txistu or three-hole pipe, but more high pitched and strident, tuned to D/G and an octave higher than the silbote. The sound that flows from the flute has often been perceived as a metaphor for the tweet cadences of bird songs. Some scholars point out that flutes found in the Caverns of Isturitz and Oxozelaia going back to a period spanning 35,000 to 10,000 years ago bear witness to the early presence of the instrument's forerunner in the region, while this view has been disputed.

Souletin dialect
Souletin or Zuberoan (Basque: Zuberera) is the Basque dialect spoken in Soule, France. Souletin is marked by influences from Occitan (in particular the  Béarnese dialect), especially in the lexicon. Another distinct characteristic is the use of xuka verb forms, a form of address including in third person verbs the interlocutor marker embedded in the auxiliary verb: jin da → jin düxü (s/he came → s/he came to you).
Colombian coffee growing axis
The Coffee Axis (Spanish: Eje Cafetero) is a geographic, cultural, economic and ecological region of Colombia, located in the departments of Caldas, Risaralda and Quindío, as well as the regions of northwestern Tolima, northern and eastern Valle del Cauca and southwestern Antioquia, including the capital cities of the first four departments mentioned (Manizales, Pereira, Armenia and Ibagué, respectively).

Valle del Cauca Department
Valle del Cauca (Spanish for "Cauca Valley"; Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbaʎe ðel ˈkawka]), is a department in western Colombia abutting the Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Santiago de Cali. Other cities such as Buenaventura, Buga, Cartago, Palmira and Tuluá have great economical, political, social and cultural influence on the department's life. Valle del Cauca has the largest number of independent (i.e., nonmetropolitan) towns with over 100,000 inhabitants in the country, counting six within its borders. Buenaventura has the largest and busiest seaport in Colombia, moving about 8,500,000 tons of merchandise annually.
Centrist reformism
Centrist reformism (Korean: 중도개혁주의; Hanja: 中道改革主義; RR: Jungdogaehyeokjuui) is a South Korean political ideology. It is part of South Korea's centrist tradition.

In international standards, centrist reformism can be seen as conservative liberalism and/or liberal conservatism.

People Party (South Korea, 2016)
The People Party (PP; Korean: 국민의당; lit. Party of Nationals) was a centrist political party from 2016 to 2018 in South Korea. The political party was established on 2 February 2016 by Ahn Cheol-soo. The party had a strong support base in the Honam region. The party dissolved on 13 February 2018.

A later party of the same name was also founded by Ahn and was active from 2020 to 2022.
Perisinusoidal space
The perisinusoidal space (or space of Disse) is a space between a hepatocyte, and a  sinusoid in the liver.  It contains the blood plasma.  Microvilli of hepatocytes extend into this space, allowing proteins and other plasma components from the sinusoids to be absorbed by the hepatocytes. Fenestration and discontinuity of the sinusoid endothelium facilitates this transport. The perisinusoidal space also contains hepatic stellate cells (also known as Ito cells or lipocytes), which store vitamin A in characteristic lipid droplets.

This space may be obliterated in liver disease, leading to decreased uptake by hepatocytes of nutrients and wastes such as bilirubin.

The Space of Disse is named for the German anatomist Joseph Disse (1852–1912).

Bilirubin
Bilirubin (BR) (adopted from German, originally bili, for bile, plus ruber, Latin for red) is a red-orange compound that occurs  as the reduction product of biliverdin, a breakdown product of heme.

It is further broken down in the colon to urobilinogen, most of which becomes stercobilin, causing the brown color of feces. Some unconverted urobilinogen, metabolised to urobilin, provides the straw-yellow color in urine.

Although bilirubin is usually found in animals rather than plants, at least one plant species, Strelitzia nicolai, is known to contain the pigment.
Netball at the 1995 South Pacific Games
Netball at the 1991 South Pacific Games in Santa Rita, Guam was held from 25 August to 5 September 1995.

This was the seventh competition at the South Pacific Games for netball. The winner of the event were the Fiji over the Papua New Guinea. Tonga took the bronze.

Sånta Rita-Sumai, Guam
Sånta Rita-Sumai, formerly Santa Rita and encompassing the former municipality of Sumay, is a village located on the southwest coast of the United States territory of Guam with hills overlooking Apra Harbor.  According to the 2020 census it has a population of 6,470, which is up slightly from 6,084 in 2010 but down from 11,857 in 1990. Santa Rita is the newest village in Guam, having been established after the Second World War.
Olga Lipovskaya
Olga Gennadyevna Lipovskaya (Russian: Ольга Геннадьевна Липовская; 09.02.1954 – 24.08.2021) was a Russian journalist and feminist. Working in Leningrad during the glasnost period from 1989 to 1991 Lipovskaya edited Women's Reading (Женское чтение, Zhenskoe Chtenie), a samizdat journal of about 30 copies per issue that she produced at home and circulated for other women to reproduce and pass along.

Lipovskaya acted as chairperson of the Saint Petersburg Centre for Gender Issues since 1992. She worked as a journalist and interpreter. From 1988 to 1991 she was a member of the Coordinating Committee of the Saint Petersburg branch of the Democratic Union.

In the last years of her life, the writer supported various feminist projects, including the "FemInfoteka" project.

On 24 August 2021, the feminist library "FemInfoteka" published news of her death. She was 67.

Samizdat
Samizdat (Russian: самиздат, pronounced [səmɨzˈdat], lit. 'self-publishing') was a form of dissident activity across the Eastern Bloc in which individuals reproduced censored and underground makeshift publications, often by hand, and passed the documents from reader to reader. The practice of manual reproduction was widespread, because printed texts could be traced back to the source. This was a grassroots practice used to evade official Soviet censorship.
HMCS Portage
HMCS Portage was a reciprocating engine-powered Algerine-class minesweeper built for the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. Following the war, the ship saw service as a training vessel before being scrapped in 1961.

Reciprocating engine
C. Crankshaft

E. Exhaust camshaft

I. Intake camshaft

P. Piston

R. Connecting rod

S. Spark plug

W. Water jacket for coolant flow

V. Valves

A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the Stirling engine for niche applications. Internal combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a spark-ignition (SI) engine, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a compression-ignition (CI) engine, where the air within the cylinder is compressed, thus heating it, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected then, in a diesel engine, or earlier, in a hot bulb engine.
John Duffy (footballer, born 1943)
John Duffy (born 6 September 1943) is a Scottish former footballer who played as a left half in the Scottish League for Raith Rovers and Dunfermline Athletic and in the English Football League for Darlington. He then played in the Victoria State League for Slavia Melbourne and for Sydney Hakoah in New South Wales Division 1, earning representative honours for both states.

National Premier Leagues NSW
The National Premier Leagues NSW is a semi-professional soccer competition in New South Wales, Australia. The competition is conducted by Football NSW, one of the two organising bodies in New South Wales (the other being the National Premier Leagues Northern NSW organised by Northern NSW Football). The league is a subdivision of the second tier National Premier Leagues (NPL), which sits below the national A-League. Prior to becoming a subdivision of the NPL in 2013, the league was previously known as the NSW Premier League.
Casual game
A casual game is a video game targeted at a mass market audience, as opposed to a hardcore game, which is targeted at hobbyist gamers. Casual games may exhibit any type of gameplay and genre. They generally involve simpler rules, shorter sessions, and require less learned skill. They do not expect familiarity with a standard set of mechanics, controls, and tropes.

Countless casual games have been developed and published, alongside hardcore games, across the history of video games.  A concerted effort to capitalize on casual games grew in the 1990s and 2000s, as many developers and publishers branded themselves as casual game companies, publishing games especially for PCs, web browsers, and smartphones.

Mass market
A mass market is a market for goods produced on a large scale for a significant number of end consumers. A mass market differs from a niche market in that the former focuses on consumers with a wide variety of backgrounds with no identifiable preferences and expectations in a large market segment. Traditionally, businesses reach out to the mass market with advertising messages through a variety of media including radio, TV, newspapers and the Web.
César Gaviria Trujillo Airport
César Gaviria Trujillo Airport (IATA: PDA, ICAO: SKPD) is an airport serving the town of Inírida in the Guainía Department of Colombia. The airport is named in honor of César Gaviria Trujillo, a former President of Colombia and  Secretary General of the Organization of American States.

The airport is 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the town. The Puerto Inirida VOR-DME (Ident: PDA) is located on the field.

César Gaviria
César Augusto Gaviria Trujillo (Spanish: [ˈsesaɾ awˈɣusto ɣaˈβiɾja tɾuˈxiʝo] ; born 31 March 1947) is a Colombian economist and politician who served as the President of Colombia from 1990 to 1994, Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1994 to 2004 and National Director of the Colombian Liberal Party from 2005 to 2009. During his tenure as president, he summoned the Constituent Assembly of Colombia that enacted the Constitution of 1991.
Rina Lasnier
Rina Lasnier, GOQ (6 August 1915 – 9 May 1997) was a Québécois Canadian poet. Born in St-Grégoire d'Iberville-Mont-Saint-Grégoire, Quebec, she attended Collège Marguerite Bourgeoys and the Université de Montréal. Although she was the author of several plays, including Féerie indienne (her first published book in 1939), she is chiefly remembered as a poet.

Lasnier was the recipient of many honours, including the Prix David (1943 and 1974), the Ludger-Duvernay Prize (1957), the Molson Prize (1971), the Prix France-Canada (1973) and the Lorne Pierce Medal (1974). In 1987, she was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec. She lived most her adult life in Joliette but returned to the St.-Jean-sur-Richelieu during her final years. A former church turned library in Joliette, Quebec was named after her.

Lorne Pierce Medal
The Lorne Pierce Medal is awarded every two years by the Royal Society of Canada to recognize achievement of special significance and conspicuous merit in imaginative or critical literature written in either English or French. The medal was first awarded in 1926. The award itself consists of a gold-plated silver medal and is currently awarded every two years if there is a suitable candidate. (Between 1926 and 1964 it was awarded annually.) The award bears the name of Lorne Pierce (1890–1961), who was editor of Ryerson Press for forty years, contributing greatly to the development and appreciation of Canadian literature, and who originally established the award.
Mikhail Khovanov
Mikhail Khovanov (Russian: Михаил Гелиевич Хованов; born 13 January 1972) is a Russian professor of mathematics at Johns Hopkins University who works on representation theory, knot theory, and algebraic topology. He is known for introducing Khovanov homology for links, which was one of the first examples of categorification.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Saint-Joseph Coal Mine
The Saint-Joseph Coal Mine is one of the main shafts of the Ronchamp coal mine, in the Ronchamp commune, within the French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. It was one of the most productive coal mines in the Ronchamp coalfield during the second half of the 19th century. Throughout this period, it was the center of activity for the mining company, with the installation of a coking plant and a coal-washing plant, before being replaced by the Chanois shaft. The Saint Joseph shaft was hit by several disasters. On August 10, 1859, a firedamp explosion killed twenty-nine people. On May 8, 1860, another explosion destroyed the underground tunnels and the roof of the surface recette building.

After the closure of the Saint-Joseph shaft in 1895, the buildings were demolished and replaced by a small sawmill, whose buildings, now used as shops for building materials, still exist into the early 21st century. Some slag heaps and an old railway track still remain.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
German submarine U-59 (1938)
German submarine U-59 was a Type IIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that served in the Second World War. She was built by Deutsche Werke AG, Kiel. Ordered on 17 June 1937, she was laid down on 5 October as yard number 258. She was launched on 12 October 1938 and commissioned on 4 March 1939 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Harald Jürst.

Deutsche Werke
Deutsche Werke Kiel AG was a German shipbuilding company that was founded in 1925 when Kaiserliche Werft Kiel and other shipyards were merged. It came as a result of the Treaty of Versailles after World War I that forced the German defense industry to shrink. The company was owned by the government of the Weimar Republic and its headquarters was in Berlin while the manufacturing location was in Kiel.
Fast Life (Kool G Rap song)
"Fast Life" is the second single from American hip hop artist Kool G Rap's 1995 album 4,5,6, featuring Nas. Released with the song "4,5,6" as a B-side, it later also featured on the compilation album Greatest Hits (2002).

Kool G Rap
Nathaniel Thomas Wilson (born July 20, 1968), better known by his stage name Kool G Rap (or simply G Rap), is an American rapper. He began his career in the mid-1980s as one half of the group Kool G Rap & DJ Polo and as a member of the Juice Crew. He is widely considered to be one of the most influential and skilled MCs of all time, and a pioneer of mafioso rap/street/hardcore content and multisyllabic rhyming. On his album The Giancana Story, he stated that the "G" in his name stands for "Giancana" (after the mobster Sam Giancana), but on other occasions he has stated that it stands for "Genius".

He has also been cited as a major influence on some of hip-hop's most critically acclaimed figures, such as the Notorious B.I.G., Nas, Eminem and Jay-Z, as well as many underground rappers.