hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Q-D-Š
Q-D-Š is a triconsonantal Semitic root meaning "sacred, holy", derived from a concept central to ancient Semitic religion. From a basic verbal meaning "to consecrate, to purify", it could  be used as an adjective meaning "holy", or as a  substantive referring to a "sanctuary, sacred object, sacred personnel."

The root is reflected as q-d-š (Phoenician 𐤒-𐤃-𐤔‎, Hebrew ק-ד-ש‎) in Northwest Semitic and as q-d-s (Arabic: ق-د-س) in Central and South Semitic.
In Akkadian texts, the verb conjugated from this root meant to "clean, purify."

Central Semitic languages
The Central Semitic languages comprise one of the two groups of West Semitic languages, alongside Modern South Arabian languages and Ethiopian Semitic languages. They are therefore of the Semitic phylum of the Afroasiatic language family. The group is spoken across much of the Arabic peninsula and north into the Levant region.

Central Semitic can itself be further divided into two groups: Arabic and Northwest Semitic. Northwest Semitic languages largely fall into the Canaanite languages (such as Ammonite, Phoenician and Hebrew) and Aramaic.
Vitali Davydov
Vitali Semyonovich Davydov (Russian: Виталий Семенович Давыдов), born 1 April 1939 in Moscow, is a retired Russian ice hockey player who spent his entire club career with HC Dynamo Moscow of the Top Soviet Hockey Championship. On the international stage, he won three Olympic gold medals and nine Ice Hockey World Championships titles. He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963. He was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2004.

IIHF Hall of Fame
The IIHF Hall of Fame is a hall of fame operated by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It was founded in 1997, and has resided at the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto since 1998. Prior to 1997, the IIHF housed exhibits at the International Hockey Hall of Fame in Kingston, Ontario. Inductions are made annually at the medal presentation day of the Ice Hockey World Championships. As of 2026, the IIHF has inducted 269 members.
Lgov
Lgov (Russian: Льгов) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Lgov, Kursk Oblast, a town in Kursk Oblast

Rural localities

Lgov, Khotynetsky District, Oryol Oblast, a selo in Ilyinsky Selsoviet of Khotynetsky District of Oryol Oblast

Lgov, Novosilsky District, Oryol Oblast, a settlement in Prudovsky Selsoviet of Novosilsky District of Oryol Oblast

Khotynetsky District
Khotynetsky District (Russian: Хотыне́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Oryol Oblast, Russia.

The area of the district is 800 square kilometers (310 sq mi).Its administrative center is an urban-type settlement of Khotynets.Population: 9,376 (est. 2018).
Videodisc
Videodisc (or video disc) is a general term for a laser- or stylus-readable random-access disc that contains both audio and analog video signals recorded in an analog form. Typically, it is a reference to any such media that predates the mainstream popularity of the DVD format. The first mainstream official Videodisc was the Television Electronic Disc (TED) Videodisc, and the newest is the 4K Ultra HD Blu-Ray Disc. As of September 2023, the active video disc formats are Blu-ray Disc, DVD, and in other regions because of the price difference from DVD, Video CD (VCD) and SVCD.

Stylus
A stylus is a writing utensil or tool for scribing or marking into softer materials. Different styluses were used to write in cuneiform by pressing into wet clay, and to scribe or carve into a wax tablet. Very hard styluses are also used to engrave metal, and the slate and stylus system is used to punch out dots to write in Braille.

Styluses are held in the hand and thus are usually a narrow elongated shape, similar to a modern ballpoint pen. Many styluses are heavily curved to be held more easily.

The word stylus is also used to describe computer styluses used to assist in navigating or providing more precision when using touchscreens.
Dwight Sutherland
Dwight Gregory Sutherland (born April 25, 1969, Saint George, Barbados) is a Barbadian politician. He is a member of parliament in the House of Assembly of Barbados. He was elected as a member of parliament to St George South since the 2013 general election. He also serves as the Minister of Housing, Lands and Maintenance since January 24, 2022, in the cabinet of Mia Mottley.

House of Assembly of Barbados
The House of Assembly of Barbados is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Barbados. It has 30 Members of Parliament (MPs), who are directly elected in single member constituencies using the simple-majority (or first-past-the-post) system for a term of five years.  The House of Assembly sits roughly 40–45 days a year and is presided over by a Speaker. If the Speaker elected by the Assembly is not an MP currently in the House of Assembly, that Speaker becomes the 31st member of the Assembly, having a vote on motions that are tied.

The Barbadian House of Assembly chamber is located in the east-wing of The Public Buildings on Broad Street, in Bridgetown, Barbados.
Correll Nunatak
Correll Nunatak (67°35′S 144°14′E﻿ / ﻿67.583°S 144.233°E﻿ / -67.583; 144.233) is a nunatak lying within the western part of Mertz Glacier, about 13 nautical miles (24 km) south of Aurora Peak. It was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, who named it for Percy E. Correll, a mechanic with the expedition.

Aurora Peak
Aurora Peak is an Antarctic peak 535 metres (1,755 ft) high along the west side of the Mertz Glacier, 4 miles (6 km) south of Mount Murchison. It was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson. The members of the eastern coastal party (A. L. McLean, P. E. Correll, and C. T. Madigan) named it after the expedition ship Aurora.
Tswelopele Local Municipality elections
The Tswelopele Local Municipality council consists of fifteen members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Eight councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in eight wards, while the remaining seven are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received.

The African National Congress (ANC) has won a majority in each election. In the 2021 South African municipal elections the African National Congress (ANC) won a reduced majority of ten seats on the council.

Tswelopele Local Municipality
Tswelopele Municipality (Sotho: Masepala wa Tswelopele; Xhosa: uMasipala wase Tswelopele; Tswana: Mmasepala wa Tswelopele) is a local municipality within the Lejweleputswa District Municipality, in the Free State province of South Africa. Tswelopele is a Sesotho word meaning "progress".
Anton Wilhelm Amo
Anton Wilhelm Amo or Anthony William Amo (c. 1703 – c. 1759) was a Nzema philosopher from Axim, Dutch Gold Coast then within what was broadly considered the region of Guinea (region) (the area is now in Ghana). Amo was a professor at the universities of Halle and Jena in Germany after studying there. He was brought to Germany by the Dutch West India Company in 1707 and was presented as a gift to Dukes Augustus William and Ludwig Rudolf of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, being treated as a member of the family by their father Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. In 2020, Oxford University Press published a translation (into English) of his Latin works from the early 1730s.

Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
The Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel  (German: Fürstentum Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel) was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, whose history was characterised by numerous divisions and reunifications. It had an area of 3,828 square kilometres in the mid 17th century. Various dynastic lines of the House of Welf ruled Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. As a result of the Congress of Vienna, its successor state, the Duchy of Brunswick, was created in 1815.
Thug Cry
"Thug Cry" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Rick Ross, released on March 13, 2014 by Maybach, Slip-n-Slide, and Def Jam, as the 2nd and final official single from his sixth studio album Mastermind (2014).  The song was produced by J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League, written by Betty Idol and features a guest appearance by American rapper Lil Wayne, along with a hook performed by Betty Idol. The song has since peaked at number 37 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The sample comes from "Heather" by Billy Cobham (1974), which was previously used in songs such as "93 'til Infinity" by Souls Of Mischief (1993) and in "No Wheaties" by Big K.R.I.T., Smoke DZA & Curren$y (2010).

J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League
J.U.S.T.I.C.E. (Just Undeniably Some of The Illest Composers Ever) League is an American record production team and rappers composed of producers and instrumentalists from Tampa, Florida.

The group is made up of members Erik "Rook" Ortiz and Kevin "Colione" Crowe. The group takes their name from the DC Comics superhero team the Justice League. The distinctive producer tag of a J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League production has a female voice echoing the words "Justice League" twice at the beginning of most of their songs. They have a Grammy Award for Best R&B Album for their work on Mary J. Blige's The Breakthrough (2006).
Shashwati Talukdar
Shashwati Talukdar is an India-born academic-filmmaker based in New York City, with more than twelve films and videos to her name, and who has become well known on the international film-making stage, particularly for her documentaries on cultural identity and representation.

Her work has appeared at the Margaret Mead Film Festival, Mediopolis-Berlin, the Whitney Biennial, Kiasma Museum of Art in Helsinki and the Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia and has gained the support of Jerome Foundation, New York State Council on the Arts and Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. In 2002, Talukdar received the James T. Yee Mentorship Award from the Center for Asian American Media, and, then, in 2003, she received the Project Involve Fellowship from IFP/New York.

The Gotham Film & Media Institute
The Gotham Film & Media Institute (also simply the Gotham), formerly known as the Independent Filmmaker Project (IFP), is a membership-based, not-for-profit organization dedicated to independent film. It offers programs that assist independent filmmakers in connecting with film-industry professionals and, ultimately, audiences, and presents the annual Gotham Awards.

It was founded in 1979 by independent filmmakers as the Independent Filmmaker Project (IFP). Under the IFP umbrella, the New York City organization has over 5,000 members. Affiliated regional organizations are based in Chicago, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Phoenix, and Seattle. Since March 2019, Jeffrey Sharp has been the executive director of the organization.

In January 2021, the IFP announced its rebranding as the Gotham Film & Media Institute.
TRT-25 remote weapon station
The TRT-25 is a Remote weapon station (RWS) made by BAE Systems Land Systems South Africa incorporating a M242 Bushmaster 25 mm (25×137mm) autocannon.  The turret is designed as a self-protection and fire support weapon for Light Armoured Vehicles (LAV), Medium Mine Protected Vehicles (MMPV) and Infantry Combat Vehicles (ICV).
Launched at Eurosatory in Paris in June 2010 when the turret was displayed for the first time on the Company’s new RG41 vehicle.  It was described as "A low cost solution for both offensive and defensive situations, with simple-to-use operator interface and suitable for almost any encounter,” by Dennis Morris, president of BAE Systems Global Tactical Systems.

Eurosatory
Eurosatory is the largest international exhibition for the land and air-land defence and security industry. It is held every two years in the Paris-Nord Villepinte Exhibition Centre, Paris, France. In 2024, it gathered over 2000 exhibitors from 61 countries, 334 official delegations from 93 countries, and 75 000+ professional visitors from across the globe. It is organised by COGES Events, a subsidiary of GICAT.

Attendance and participation at the exhibition are reserved for professionals only.
Centre for Development of Imaging Technology
The Centre for Development of Imaging Technology, abbreviated as C-DIT, was established by the Government of Kerala in 1988 for the advancement of research, development and training in imaging technology.

C-DIT has four groups, each specialising in a core area, viz. Communication Group, Technology Group, Education & Training Group and Operations Group. C-DIT functions as a provider to the departments and agencies under the government of Kerala in the areas of ICT applications and in supply of holography based security products.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Gondo (surname)
Gondo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cedric Gondo (born 1996), Ivorian professional footballer

Glen Gondo (1948 – 2024), American businessman, restaurateur and cultural advocate

Hiroshi Gondo (born 1938), Japanese former Nippon Professional Baseball pitcher and manager

Josiah  Gondo (died 1972), Rhodesian politician

Kohei Gondo (born 1991), Japanese badminton player

Paula Gondo-Bredou (born 1981), Ivorian handball player

Yusuke Gondo (born 1982), former Japanese football player

Hiroshi Gondoh
Hiroshi Gondoh (権藤 博, Gondō Hiroshi; born December 2, 1938) is a Japanese former Nippon Professional Baseball pitcher and manager. He played his entire career with the Chunichi Dragons. In his rookie season, he collected numerous accolades, including the Central League Rookie of the Year Award and the Eiji Sawamura Award.

In 1998, Gondoh became the manager of the Yokohama BayStars and led them to a Japan Series title in his first year. He was inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 2019.
Roland Nagy
Roland "Roli" Nagy (born 12 June 1971) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for teams such as: UTA Arad, FC Brașov, Steaua București, Mainz 05, FSV Frankfurt or Darmstadt 98. After retirement Roli Nagy started his football manager career being on several occasions the manager of UTA Arad, but he also managed teams such as Național Sebiș or Gloria Lunca-Teuz Cermei. He is currently the technical director of Gloria Lunca-Teuz Cermei.

1. FSV Mainz 05
1. Fußball- und Sport-Verein Mainz 05 e. V., usually shortened to 1. FSV Mainz 05 or simply Mainz 05 (German pronunciation: [ˌmaɪnts nʊl ˈfʏnf] ⓘ), is a German professional sports club, founded in 1905 and based in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate. Mainz 05 play in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, having most recently been promoted ahead of the 2009–10 season. The club's main local rivals are Eintracht Frankfurt and Kaiserslautern. In addition to the football division, Mainz 05 have handball and table tennis departments.
Ishimovo, Mishkinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Ishimovo (Russian: Ишимово; Bashkir: Ишем, İşem; Meadow Mari: Эшым, Ešym) is a rural locality (a village) in Baymurzinsky Selsoviet, Mishkinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 193 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Mishkinsky District, Bashkortostan
Mishkinsky District (Russian: Ми́шкинский райо́н; Bashkir: Мишкә районы, Mişkä rayonı; Meadow Mari: Мишкан кундем, Miškan kundem) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with Burayevsky District in the west and north, Baltachevsky District in the north, Karaidelsky District in the east, Blagoveshchensky District in the southeast, and with Birsky District in the south and southwest. The area of the district is 1,689.11 square kilometers (652.17 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Mishkino. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,318, with the population of Mishkino accounting for 23.8% of that number.
Multiplication operator
In operator theory, a multiplication operator is a linear operator Tf defined on some vector space of functions and whose value at a function φ is given by multiplication by a fixed function f. That is,

for all φ in the domain of Tf, and all x in the domain of φ (which is the same as the domain of f).

Multiplication operators generalize the notion of operator given by a diagonal matrix. More precisely, one of the results of operator theory is a spectral theorem that states that every self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space is unitarily equivalent to a multiplication operator on an L2 space.

These operators are often contrasted with composition operators, which are similarly induced by any fixed function f. They are also closely related to Toeplitz operators, which are compressions of multiplication operators on the circle to the Hardy space.

Function space
In mathematics, a function space is a set of functions between two fixed sets. Often, the domain and/or codomain will have additional structure which is inherited by the function space. For example, the set of functions from any set X into a vector space has a natural vector space structure given by pointwise addition and scalar multiplication. In other scenarios, the function space might inherit a topological or metric structure, hence the name function space. Often in mathematical jargon, especially in analysis or geometry, a function could refer to a map of the form  or  where  is the space in question. Whilst other maps of the form  between any two spaces are simply referred to as maps. Example of this can be the space of compactly supported functions on a topological space. However in a larger context a function space could just consist of a set of functions (set theoretically) equipped with possibly some extra structure.
2008 Shanxi mudslide
The 2008 Shanxi mudslide was caused by the collapse of an unlicensed mine landfill in Xiangfen county, Linfen, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China which caused 277 dead, 4 missing and 33 injured. Around 8:00 a.m. on September 8, 2008, the retaining wall of a waste iron ore reservoir collapsed after torrential rain, causing a major mudslide which inundated a village and crowded marketplace. The unlicensed Tashan Mine was operated by the Tashan Mining Company.

Xiangfen County
Xiangfen County (simplified Chinese: 襄汾县; traditional Chinese: 襄汾縣; pinyin: Xiāngfén Xiàn) is a county in the southwest of Shanxi Province, China. It was established in February 1954 from the merger of the former Xiangling County (襄陵县) and Fencheng County (汾城县). The county falls under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Linfen, and has an area of 1,034 km2 (399 sq mi) with 442,614 inhabitants.

Taosi archeological site is in Xiangfen County.
Hempel's dilemma
Hempel's dilemma is a question first asked (at least on record) by the philosopher Carl Hempel in 1969.  It has relevance to naturalism and physicalism in philosophy, and to philosophy of mind.

The dilemma questions how the language of physics can be used to accurately describe existence, given that it relies on imperfect human linguistics, or as Hempel stated: "The thesis of physicalism would seem to require a language in which a true theory of all physical phenomena can be formulated. But it is quite unclear what is to be understood here by a physical phenomenon, especially in the context of a doctrine that has taken a determinedly linguistic turn."

Metaphysical naturalism
Metaphysical naturalism (also called ontological naturalism, philosophical naturalism, or antisupernaturalism) is a philosophical worldview that holds that there is nothing but natural elements, principles, and relations of the kind studied by the natural sciences. Methodological naturalism is a philosophical basis for science, for which metaphysical naturalism provides only one possible ontological foundation. Broadly, the corresponding theological perspective is religious naturalism or spiritual naturalism. More specifically, metaphysical naturalism rejects the supernatural concepts and explanations that are part of many religions.
Sneyd Colliery Disaster
The Sneyd Colliery Disaster was a coal mining accident on 1 January 1942 in Burslem in the English city of Stoke-on-Trent. An underground explosion occurred at 7:50 am, caused by sparks from wagons underground igniting coal dust. A total of 57 men and boys died.

Coal dust
Coal dust is a fine-powdered form of coal which is created by the crushing, grinding, or pulverization of coal rock. Because of the brittle nature of coal, coal dust can be created by mining, transporting, or mechanically handling it.

Grinding or pulverizing coal to a dust form before combusting it improves the speed and efficiency of burning, which makes the coal easier to handle. However, coal dust is hazardous to workers if it is suspended in air outside the controlled environment of grinding and combustion equipment. It poses the acute hazard of forming an explosive mixture in air and the chronic hazard of causing pulmonary illness in people who inhale excessive quantities of it.

The distribution of the particle-size of coal dust is frequently measured in mesh. The British slang term for cheap fuel consisting of coal dust (slack) containing small lumps of coal (nuts) is nutty slack.
Thedi Vandha Selvam
Thedi Vandha Selvam (transl. The son I came searching for) is a 1958 Indian Tamil-language drama film produced and directed by P. Neelakantan. The film stars S. S. Rajendran, Rajasulochana and B. Saroja Devi. It was released on 16 July 1958 and emerged a box office success.

S. S. Rajendran
Sedapatti Suryanarayana Rajendran, also known by his initials SSR (1 January 1928 – 24 October 2014), was an Indian actor, film director, film producer and politician who worked in Tamil theatre and cinema. He is also referred to as Latchiya Nadigar.
Mohan Joshi Hazir Ho!
Mohan Joshi Hazir Ho! (transl. Summons for Mohan Joshi) is a 1984 Hindi art film, made by Saeed Akhtar Mirza, based on his own story, during the Parallel Cinema period of Indian cinema.

The film is a comic satire on a judicial system, where cases drag on for decades, where plaintiffs either die or lose hope and money, while the corrupt run scot free, thanks to their nexus with corrupt lawyers.

It won the 1984 National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare.

Parallel cinema
Parallel cinema, or New Indian Cinema, is a film movement in Indian cinema that originated in the state of West Bengal in the 1950s as an alternative to the mainstream commercial Indian cinema.

Inspired by Italian Neorealism, Parallel Cinema began just before the French New Wave and Japanese New Wave, and was a precursor to the Indian New Wave of the 1960s. The movement was initially led by Bengali cinema and produced internationally acclaimed filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Ritwik Ghatak, Tapan Sinha and others. It later gained prominence in other film industries of India.

It is known for its serious content, realism and naturalism, symbolic elements with a keen eye on the sociopolitical climate of the times, and the general rejection of inserted song-and-dance routines that are typical of mainstream Indian films.