hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
R.K. Patel
Rabindra Kumar Patel (born 1970) is an Indian politician affiliated with the 	Apna Dal (Sonelal) party. He has a master's degree in Medical (MBBS MS) from IMS-BHU at Varanasi.

He was elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly for the Mariyahu constituency of the Legislature of Uttar Pradesh in Jaunpur in 2022.

Mariyahu Assembly constituency
Mariyahu is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Mariyahu in the Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Mariyahu is one of five assembly constituencies in the Machhlishahr Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 370 amongst 403 constituencies.
Deinomenes
Deinomenes was the father of Hieron I, Gelo (or Gelon), Thrasyboulos, and Polyzelos. The historian Herodotus writes that his ancestors came from the island of Telos in the Aegean Sea and were the founders of the city of Gela in southern Sicily, Magna Graecia. One of his ancestors, Telines, was made 'high priest of the gods who dwell below', a role which carried on through his descendants.

Deinomenes consulted the Delphic oracle about the fates of his children, and was told that Gelo, Hieron and Thrasyboulos were all destined, to their sorrow, to become tyrants.

Thrasybulus of Syracuse
Thrasybulus (Greek: Θρασύβουλος) was a tyrant who ruled Syracuse, Magna Graecia, for eleven months during 466 and 465 BC.  He was a member of the Deinomenid family and the brother of the previous tyrant Hiero, who seized power in Syracuse by convincing Gelon's son to give up his claim to the leadership of Syracuse.  A few months later, members of the Deinomenid family overthrew him.  However, the Deinomenid family was subsequently overthrown and a democracy was established in Syracuse. After Thrasybulus was toppled, a Syracusan cult to Zeus Eleutherios was instituted in celebration, the first in Sicily, and a large statue and games were created in the god's honour.
Bragassa Toy Store
The Bragassa Toy Store is a historic commercial building located in Lynchburg, Virginia, United States. In 1871, Francisco Bragassa purchased the property and in 1875 to 1876, he built the confectionery and toy store in Italianate style. The Bragassa store was at the center of a new, expanding commercial section of town during the Reconstruction period. It is the only surviving building within a four-block area that represents this commercial expansion. The building contains comfortable living quarters upstairs, with the merchandise on the ground floor. At the front of the shop were the first plate glass windows ever installed in Lynchburg.  The store remained in the Bragassa family until 1987. In January 1988 the Lynchburg Historical Foundation purchased the building from the Bragassa family. In November 2008, the building was occupied by Kid's Haven: A Center for Grieving Children.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Lynchburg, Virginia
Lynchburg is an independent city in Virginia, United States. Located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the James River, it had a population of 79,009 at the 2020 census, making it the 11th-most populous city in Virginia. It is nicknamed the "City of Seven Hills" or the "Hill City." Lynchburg was founded in 1757 by John Lynch, a Quaker ferry operator and abolitionist. During the American Civil War, Lynchburg's strategic importance helped it remain the only major city in Virginia not recaptured by Union forces before the war's end.

Lynchburg anchors the Lynchburg metropolitan area, which lies near the geographic center of Virginia and is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the state, with a population of 261,593. The city is a regional hub for education, home to several institutions of higher learning, including Liberty University, the University of Lynchburg, Randolph College, Virginia University of Lynchburg, and Central Virginia Community College.
Wasting
In medicine, wasting, also known as wasting syndrome, refers to the process by which a debilitating disease causes muscle and fat tissue to "waste" away. Wasting is sometimes referred to as "acute malnutrition" because it is believed that episodes of wasting have a short duration, in contrast to stunting, which is regarded as chronic malnutrition. An estimated 45 million children under 5 years of age (or 6.7%) were wasted in 2021.: 4  Wasting prevalence declined from 7.5% in 2012 to 6.8% in 2022, with 6.2% of children under five years old projected to be wasted in 2030, more than double the 3% Sustainable Development Goals target. Prevalence is highest in Southern Asia, followed by Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand) and South-eastern Asia.: 14

Prevalence
In epidemiology, prevalence is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seatbelt use) at a specific time. It is derived by comparing the number of people found to have the condition with the total number of people studied and is usually expressed as a fraction, a percentage, or the number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people. Prevalence is most often used in questionnaire studies.
FC Tolyatti
FC Tolyatti (Russian: ФК «Тольятти») was a Russian football club from Tolyatti, founded in 2008. Most of the players on the 2008 roster came from FC Krylia Sovetov-SOK Dimitrovgrad 2007 roster, and the club actually plays their home games in Dimitrovgrad. In March 2010, the club was excluded from the Second Division, (as was another Tolyatti team, FC Lada Tolyatti at the time). FC Lada Tolyatti is still functioning however, while Tolyatti is now also represented by FC Akademiya Tolyatti.

Dimitrovgrad, Russia
Dimitrovgrad (Russian: Димитровград; Russian pronunciation: [dʲɪˌmʲitrɐvˈɡrat]), formerly Melekess (Russian: Мелекесс) until 1972, is a city in Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. It is the administrative center of Melekessky District, although it is not within the district and is an independent city. The city is located in the Volga Region, at the confluence of the Melekesska River and the Bolshoy Cheremshan River, a tributary of the Volga River. Dimitrovgrad has a population of 122,580 (2010 Census), the second-largest city in Ulyanovsk Oblast, after Ulyanovsk.
Beddow
Beddow is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Clem Beddow (1885–?), English footballer

Mike Beddow (born 1941), English cricketer

Margery Beddow (1937–2010), American actress, dancer, director and choreographer

Michael Beddow (c. 1947–2019), British Germanist

Maurice Beddow Bayly (1887–1961), English physician

Clem Beddow
Jonathon Harry "Clem" Beddow (born October 1885, deceased) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire. He played for Trent Rovers, Burton United, Manchester United and Burnley.
Ansata Ibn Halima
Ansata Ibn Halima (foaled 1958 in Egypt, died 1980) was a famous Arabian horse of Egyptian bloodlines who was imported from Egypt to the United States in 1959. A gray stallion, he was originally bred by the Egyptian Agricultural Organization (EAO), and imported by Donald and Judith Forbis of the Ansata Arabian Stud. He was a U.S. Top Ten Stallion in 1966, 1967, and 1969, as well as a sire of champion horses.

Stallion
A stallion is an adult male horse that has not been gelded (castrated). Stallions follow the conformation and phenotype of their breed, but within that standard, the presence of hormones such as testosterone may give stallions a thicker, "cresty" neck, as well as a somewhat more muscular physique as compared to female horses, known as mares, and castrated males, called geldings.

Temperament varies widely based on genetics and training, but because of their instincts as herd animals, they may be prone to aggressive behavior, particularly toward other stallions, and thus require careful management by knowledgeable handlers. With proper training and management, stallions are effective equine athletes at the highest levels of many disciplines, including horse racing, horse shows, and international Olympic competition.

"Stallion" is also used to refer to males of other equids, including zebras and donkeys.
Monkey Man (film)
Monkey Man is a 2024 action thriller film directed and produced by Dev Patel in his directorial debut, who also co-wrote the screenplay with Paul Angunawela and John Collee. The film stars Patel as Kid, a man who seeks vengeance on the corrupt leaders responsible for his mother's death. Sharlto Copley, Pitobash, and Vipin Sharma are featured in supporting roles.

Monkey Man premiered at South by Southwest on March 11, 2024, and was released theatrically in the United States and Canada by Universal Pictures on April 5, 2024. The film was critically acclaimed and grossed $35 million worldwide against a $10 million budget. It was nominated at the 78th BAFTA Awards for Outstanding Debut by a British Writer, Director or Producer.

Pitobash Tripathy
Pitobash Tripathy (born 1984), also known simply as Pitobash, is an Indian actor who works in Bollywood films. He is known for his role in the movies I Am Kalam, Begum Jaan, Shor in the City, Mom, the Hollywood film Million Dollar Arm and the National Award-winning Odia film Kalira Atita.
Carlos César Olmedo
Carlos César Olmedo Pérez (born 18 June 1960) is a Paraguayan former professional footballer who played as a right midfielder. He played in Paraguay and México most importantly in Luqueño, Cerro Porteño and Monterrey. Olmedo was a member of the Paraguayan squad that competed in the 1979 FIFA World Youth Championship and was also part of the Paraguay national team that participated in the 1983 Copa América.

Cerro Porteño
Club Cerro Porteño is a professional Paraguayan football club, based in the neighbourhood of Obrero in Asunción. Founded in 1912, Cerro has won 35 Primera División titles and is one of the most popular football clubs in Paraguay. Its president is Blas Reguera and the manager is Jorge Bava. Cerro Porteño plays the Paraguayan derby with its main rival Club Olimpia. They play their home games at the 45,000-seat General Pablo Rojas Stadium, also known as La Nueva Olla (The New Boiler), the biggest in the country. They have also never been relegated.
Destined Guy
"Destined Guy" (Chinese: 真命天子; pinyin: Zhēnmìng tiānzǐ) is a song by Taiwanese singers Show Lo and Jolin Tsai, featured on Lo's third studio album Hypnosis Show (2005). Written by Ralph Chartwell, Jud Mahoney, Michael Nielsen, Allen Savory, and Issac Chen, and produced by Daniel Bi, the track was released as a single by Avex on September 28, 2005.

Avex Taiwan
Avex Taiwan Inc (Chinese: 愛貝克思股份有限公司, formerly 艾迴唱片公司 or 艾迴股份有限公司) is an entertainment and record label based in Taiwan. It was founded in July 1998 and is a foreign consolidated subsidiary of parent company Avex Group, based in Japan. As of 2015, Avex Taiwan is managed by Avex International Holdings (Singapore) Proprietary Ltd. (It became a foreign consolidated subsidiary after Avex Group's restructure in April 2004.) Its main businesses are planning, creation, and sales of music (CDs) and video (DVDs). Apart from producing music for artists based in Taiwan, it also distributes for other Avex and foreign artists, such as Kumi Koda and Super Junior.

Avex Taiwan is one of the "Big Four" record labels in Taiwan with Universal Music/EMI/What's Music International, Warner Music Taiwan/Gold Typhoon and Sony Music Taiwan.

In September 2013, the company's consultant, Li Tian-do, announced that the company will withdraw from Chinese music segment, due to poor sales of Chinese music segment.
John Britton (mathematician)
John Leslie Britton (18 November 1927 – 13 June 1994) was an English mathematician from Yorkshire who worked in combinatorial group theory and was an expert on the word problem for groups. Britton was a member of the London Mathematical Society and was Secretary of Meetings and Membership with that organization from 1973-1976.

Britton died in a climbing accident on the Isle of Skye.

Combinatorial group theory
In mathematics, combinatorial group theory is the theory of free groups, and the concept of a presentation of a group by generators and relations. It is much used in geometric topology, the fundamental group of a simplicial complex having in a natural and geometric way such a presentation.
A very closely related topic is geometric group theory, which today largely subsumes combinatorial group theory, using techniques from outside combinatorics besides.

It also comprises a number of algorithmically insoluble problems, most notably the word problem for groups; and the classical Burnside problem.
AES51
AES51 is a standard first published by the Audio Engineering Society in June 2006 that specifies a method of carrying Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cells over Ethernet physical structure intended in particular for use with AES47 to carry AES3 digital audio transport structure. The purpose of this is to provide an open standard, Ethernet based approach to the networking of linear (uncompressed) digital audio with extremely high quality-of-service alongside standard Internet Protocol connections.

This standard specifies a method, also known as "ATM-E", of carrying ATM cells over hardware specified for IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet). It is intended as a companion standard to AES47 (Transmission of digital audio over ATM networks), to provide a standard method of carrying ATM cells and real-time clock over hardware specified for Ethernet.

IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. The standards are produced by the working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). This set of standards generally applies to local area networks (LANs) and has some wide area network (WAN) applications. Physical connections are made between network nodes and, usually, various network infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers) by various types of copper cables or optical fiber.

802.3 standards support the IEEE 802.1 network architecture.

802.3 also defines a LAN access method using carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD).
1D
1D, 1-D, or 1d can refer to:

Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor

Astra 1D, a satellite

Canon EOS-1D, Canon's first professional digital camera

Long March 1D, a satellite

One-dimensional space in physics and mathematics

One Direction, an English-Irish boy band

Penny (British pre-decimal coin), routinely abbreviated 1d

1D, the hexadecimal code for the Group Separator control character

Informal for Onedrive, a file hosting system operated by Microsoft

OneDrive
Microsoft OneDrive is a file-hosting service operated by Microsoft. First released as SkyDrive in August 2007, it allows registered users to store, share, back-up and synchronize their files. OneDrive also works as the storage backend of the web version of Microsoft 365. OneDrive offers 5 gigabytes of storage space free of charge, with 100 GB, 1 TB, and 6 TB storage options available, either separately or with Microsoft 365 subscriptions.

The OneDrive client app adds file synchronization and cloud backup features to its device. The app comes included with Microsoft Windows, and is also currently available for macOS, Android and iOS. In addition, Microsoft 365 apps directly integrate with OneDrive.
Richard Lutwyche
Richard Lutwyche (1949 – 2021) was a British author. He organised the first meeting of the Gloucestershire Old Spots Breeders Club.

In 1996, he joined the Rare Breeds Survival Trust as marketing director.

Gloucestershire Old Spots
The Gloucestershire Old Spots (also Gloucester, Gloucester Old Spot, Gloucestershire Old Spot or simply Old Spots) is an English breed of pig which is predominantly white with black spots. It is named after the county of Gloucestershire. The Gloucestershire Old Spots pig is known for its docility, intelligence, prolificity, and hardiness. Boars reach a mature weight of 600 lb (272 kg) and sows 500 lb (227 kg). The pigs are white with clearly defined black (not blue) spots. There must be at least one spot on the body to be accepted in the registry. The breed's maternal skills enable it to raise large litters of piglets on pasture. Its disposition and self‑sufficiency should make it attractive for farmers raising pasture pigs and those who want to add pigs to diversified operations.
Ducati Monza
The Ducati Monza is a 249 cc (15.2 cu in) single cylinder bevel drive SOHC motorcycle produced by the Italian manufacturer Ducati from 1961 to 1968. It was the touring version of Ducati's first 250 cc road bike. Reviews of the Monza praised its speed, road holding, engine smoothness and brakes.

Motorcycle frame
A motorcycle frame is a motorcycle's core structure. Its main function is to provide a torsionally rigid connection between the steering head at the front and the swinging-arm bearing at the rear for predictable handling and safety. It also supports the engine, the rider and any passenger or luggage. Also attached to the frame are the fuel tank and battery. At the front of the frame is found the steering head tube that holds the pivoting front fork, while at the rear there is a pivot point for the swingarm suspension motion. Some motorcycles include the engine as a load-bearing stressed member; while some other bikes do not use a single frame, but instead have a front and a rear subframe attached to the engine.
Hohen Viecheln
Hohen Viecheln is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.  It lies on the north shore of Lake Schwerin and about 15 kilometers (about 9.4 miles) south of Wismar.

Lake Schwerin
Lake Schwerin (German: Schweriner See [ʃveˈʁiːnɐ ˌzeː]) is a lake in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, northern Germany. It was named after the city Schwerin, on its southwestern shore. The smaller town Bad Kleinen is on the north shore of the lake. Its surface is approximately 61.54 square kilometres (23.76 sq mi), and its maximum depth is 52.4 metres (172 ft). The natural outflow of the lake is the (channelized) river Stör, a tributary of the Elde, and part of the Elbe watershed. The Wallensteingraben, a 16th-century canal, connects the lake with the Baltic Sea at Wismar.
Jun Bong-chan
Jun Bong-chan (Korean: 전봉찬; born 21 February 1994) is a South Korean badminton player from Gangwon Province. He graduated from Dong-eui University and later joining Samsung Electro-Mechanics badminton team. Jun was the runner-up at the 2014 Osaka International tournament in the men's doubles event partnered with Kim Duk-young. Together with Kim, he then won the Thailand International Challenge after beat Indonesian pair in the final.

Gangwon Province, South Korea
Gangwon Province (Korean: 강원도; RR: Gangwon-do), officially Gangwon State (강원특별자치도; lit. Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province), is a Special Self-Governing Province of South Korea. It is known as the largest and least densely populated subdivision of South Korea. Gangwon is one of the three provinces in South Korea with special self-governing status, the others being Jeju Province and Jeonbuk State. Gangwon is bordered on the east by the East Sea(Or Sea of Japan), it borders Gyeonggi Province to the west, North Gyeongsang Province and North Chungcheong Province to the south, and the Military Demarcation Line to the north, separating it from North Korea. In the 1945 division of Korea, the historical Gangwon Province was divided in half, and remains so to this day.

Pyeongchang County in Gangwon hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2018 Winter Paralympics. Gangwon also hosted the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics.
2008 Lebanese presidential election
An indirect presidential election was held in the Parliament of Lebanon on 25 May 2008, after the term of incumbent President Émile Lahoud expired on 24 November 2007 at midnight. General Michel Sleiman, the Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces, was elected as the consensus candidate after months of delays in holding the election due to an ongoing political dispute.

By convention, the presidency is always attributed to a Maronite Christian personality. Under the article 49 of the Lebanese Constitution, a qualified majority of two-thirds of the members of the 128-seat Lebanese Parliament is required to elect the president. After the second round of election, the president is elected by an absolute majority of 65 MPs out of 128.

Supermajority
A supermajority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of one-half used for a simple majority, the latter sometimes expressed as a "50% + 1 vote". Supermajority rules in a democracy can help to prevent a majority from eroding fundamental rights of a minority, but can also hamper efforts to respond to problems and encourage corrupt compromises at times when action is taken. Changes to constitutions, especially those with entrenched clauses, commonly require supermajority support in a legislature. In consensus democracy, the supermajority rule is applied in most cases.
Permacharts
Permacharts Inc. is a Canadian company based in Concord, Ontario, and they are the publisher of quick reference guides on over 500 subjects. All Permacharts Quick Reference Guides are available in digital or printed and laminated form. Study guides. Along with other study guide manufacturers like SparkNotes, CliffsNotes and Schaum's Outlines, they control most of the North American market share for study guides.

CliffsNotes
CliffsNotes are a series of student study guides. The guides present and create literary and other works in pamphlet form or online. Detractors of the study guides claim they let students bypass reading the assigned literature. The company claims to promote the reading of the original work and does not view the study guides as a substitute for that reading.
Neocortex
The neocortex, also called the neopallium, isocortex or six-layered cortex, is a set of layers of the mammalian cerebral cortex involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning, and language. The neocortex is further subdivided into the true isocortex and the proisocortex.

In the human brain, the cerebral cortex consists of the larger neocortex and the smaller allocortex, respectively taking up 90% and 10%. The neocortex is made up of six layers, labelled from the outermost inwards, I to VI.

Semantic memory
Semantic memory refers to general world knowledge that humans have accumulated throughout their lives. This general knowledge (word meanings, concepts, facts, and ideas) is intertwined in experience and dependent on culture. New concepts are learned by applying knowledge learned from things in the past.

Semantic memory is distinct from episodic memory—the memory of experiences and specific events that occur in one's life that can be recreated at any given point. For instance, semantic memory might contain information about what a cat is, whereas episodic memory might contain a specific memory of stroking a particular cat.

Semantic memory and episodic memory are both types of explicit memory (or declarative memory), or memory of facts or events that can be consciously recalled and "declared". The counterpart to declarative or explicit memory is implicit memory (also known as nondeclarative memory).
1905 Elgin Burghs by-election
The 1905 Elgin Burghs by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 8 September 1905. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

UK parliamentary by-elections
In the United Kingdom, a parliamentary by-election occurs following a vacancy arising in the House of Commons. They are often seen as a test of the rival political parties' fortunes between general elections.