hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rotating calipers
In computational geometry, the method of rotating calipers is an algorithm design technique that can be used to solve optimization problems including finding the width or diameter of a set of points.

The method is so named because the idea is analogous to rotating a spring-loaded vernier caliper around the outside of a convex polygon. Every time one blade of the caliper lies flat against an edge of the polygon, it forms an antipodal pair with the point or edge touching the opposite blade. The complete "rotation" of the caliper around the polygon detects all antipodal pairs; the set of all pairs, viewed as a graph, forms a thrackle. The method of rotating calipers can be interpreted as the projective dual of a sweep line algorithm in which the sweep is across slopes of lines rather than across x- or y-coordinates of points.

Calipers
Calipers or callipers are an instrument used to measure the linear dimensions of an object or hole; namely, the length, width, thickness, diameter or depth of an object or hole. The word caliper comes from a corrupt form of caliber.

Many types of calipers permit reading out a measurement on a ruled scale, a dial, or an electronic digital display. A common association is to calipers using a sliding vernier scale.

Some calipers can be as simple as a compass with inward or outward-facing points, but with no scale (measurement indication). The tips of the caliper are adjusted to fit across the points to be measured, and then kept at that span while moved to separate measuring device, such as a ruler, or simply transferred directly to a workpiece.

Calipers are used in many fields such as mechanical engineering, metalworking, forestry, woodworking, science and medicine.
Mei River
The Mei River (Chinese: 梅江; Pinyin: Méi Jiāng) is a river in Meizhou City in the eastern part of the Guangdong province in southern  China and a tributary of the Han River.

Major bridges over it include the Jianying Memorial Bridge. It is formed by the confluence of the Wuhua River and the Qin River near the town of Hekoucun in Wuhua County.

Important tributaries include the Songyuan River, Shiku River, Zhou Xi River, Cheng River, and Ning River.

Wuhua County
Wuhua County (simplified Chinese: 五华县; traditional Chinese: 五華縣; pinyin: Wǔhuá Xiàn, Hakka: Ng-Fa Yen) is a county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Meizhou in the east of Guangdong Province, China.
Banasri Maity
Banasri Maity (born 28 December 1960) is an Indian politician from West Bengal. She is a former member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Kanthi Uttar Assembly constituency in Purba Medinipur district. She was elected in the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election representing the All India Trinamool Congress Party.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
Asim Randeri
Asim Randeri, born Subedar Mahmood Mian Muhammad Imam (15 August 1904 – 5 February 2009), was a Gujarati language poet, mainly popular for his ghazals. He was a legend in Gujarati literature from the pre-independence era and recipient of the Vali Gujarati Award and Kalapi Award of 2005.

Kalapi Award
The Kalapi Award (Gujarati:કલાપી ઍવોર્ડ) is an annual award given to Gujarati ghazal poets. It was founded by the INT Aditya Birla Centre for Performing Arts and Research. The award is named after Gujarati poet Kalapi, circa 1900 Thakor (prince) Sursinhji Takhtasinhji Gohil of Lathi state in Gujarat.. The amount of ₹ 25000 is awarded to recognize and promote Gujarati ghazal poets.
Simeon (son of Jacob)
Simeon (Hebrew: שִׁמְעוֹן, Modern: Šīmʾōn, Tiberian: Šīmʾōn) was the second of the six sons of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite tribe of Simeon, according to the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible. Biblical scholars regard the tribe as part of the original Israelite confederation. Simeon is absent in some sections of the Bible that list the other tribes, and some scholars think that it was not initially regarded as a distinct tribe. Some Biblical scholars believe that Simeon was not considered a distinct tribe due to the Zimri scandal. The Blessing of Moses before his death had omitted the Tribe of Simeon because Jacob had castigated him, Genesis 49:5-7, and because of the affair of Baal-peor.

Numbers 31
Numbers 31 is the 31st chapter of the Book of Numbers, the fourth book of the Pentateuch (Torah), the central part of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), a sacred text in Judaism and Christianity. Scholars such as Israel Knohl and Dennis T. Olson name this chapter the War against the Midianites.

Set in the southern Transjordanian regions of Moab and Midian, it narrates the Israelites waging war against the Midianites, commanded by Phinehas and Moses. They killed the men, including their five kings and Balaam, burnt their settlements and took captive the women, children and livestock. Moses commanded the Israelites to kill the boys, and women who had sex with men, and spare the virgin girls for themselves. The spoils of war were then divided between Eleazar, the Levitical priesthood, soldiers and Yahweh.

Much scholarly and religious controversy exists surrounding the authorship, meaning and ethics of this chapter of Numbers. It is closely connected to Numbers 25.: 69
Take a Girl Like You (TV series)
Take a Girl Like You is a 2000 British television comedy series adapted by Andrew Davies from the 1960 novel Take a Girl Like You by Kingsley Amis. It starred Sienna Guillory, Rupert Graves, Hugh Bonneville, Robert Daws, Leslie Phillips, Emma Chambers, Ian Driver and Deborah Cornelius. It was broadcast on BBC1 in three hour-long episodes directed by Nick Hurran.

Andrew Davies (writer)
Andrew Wynford Davies (/ˈdeɪvɪs/; born 20 September 1936) is a Welsh screenwriter and novelist, best known for his television adaptations of To Serve Them All My Days, House of Cards, Middlemarch, Pride and Prejudice, Bleak House, War & Peace, and Les Misérables, and his original serial A Very Peculiar Practice. He was made a BAFTA Fellow in 2002.
Henry Harpending
Henry Cosad Harpending (January 13, 1944 – April 3, 2016) was an American anthropologist and distinguished professor at the University of Utah, best known for his 2009 book The 10,000 Year Explosion, co-authored with Gregory Cochran. Educated at Hamilton College and Harvard University, his career included faculty positions at Penn State and the University of New Mexico. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Harpending worked primarily in biological anthropology and population genetics, but also conducted ethnographic fieldwork with the !Kung and Herero peoples of Southern Africa. His work in population genetics pioneered the study of the relationship between genetics and geography.

Harpending was married twice and had three children. He died in 2016.

ǃKung people
The ǃKung (/ˈkʊŋ/ KUUNG) are one of the San peoples who live mostly on the western edge of the Kalahari desert, Ovamboland (northern Namibia and southern Angola), and Botswana. The names ǃKung (ǃXun) and Ju are variant words for 'people', preferred by different ǃKung groups. This band level society used traditional methods of hunting and gathering for subsistence up until the 1970s. Today, the great majority of ǃKung people live in the villages of Bantu pastoralists and European ranchers.
WAVEBOY
WAVEBOY (born August 4, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter best known for writing songs by Jackson Yee, Hua Chenyu, and Yao Chen.

WAVEBOY's music is primarily electropop and contains elements of subgenres such as synthwave and house music.

In February 2021, WAVEBOY signed an exclusive global publishing agreement with Universal Music Publishing Group China.

Colorful Mannings (KOSEN)
KOSEN (Colorful Mannings) (古銭 友一郎, Yuichiro KOSEN; born April 29, 1984) is a Japanese recording artist, producer, composer for Film and TV, and best known as a member of the hip-hop rock band THE BEATMOSS. He currently pursues a solo career that is called, “Colorful Mannings.” His sound is influenced by 80's New Wave/Techno and also 90's alternative rock /grunge music.
Leiopus femoratus
Leiopus femoratus is a species of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1859, and is known from Bulgaria, the Caucasus, France, northern Iran, southern Russia, and Turkey. The beetles inhabit a variety of deciduous trees, including those in the genera Castanea, Carpinus, Juglans, Ficus, and Tilia. They measure 5-8 millimetres in length, and can live for approximately 1–2 years.

Tilia
Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The species are known as linden or lime for the European and Asian species, and linden or basswood for North American species and more generally in American literature. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, but the genus also occurs widely in Europe and eastern North America. Under the Cronquist classification system, this genus was placed in the family Tiliaceae, but genetic research summarised by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has resulted in the incorporation of this genus, and of most of the previous family, into the Malvaceae.

Tilia is the only known ectomycorrhizal genus in the family Malvaceae. Studies of ectomycorrhizal relations of Tilia species indicate a wide range of fungal symbionts and a preference toward Ascomycota fungal partners.
Suprayogi
Suprayogi is an Indonesian surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Agung Suprayogi (born 1984), Indonesian former football player

Dadang Suprayogi (1914–1998), Indonesian military officer and politician

Dadang Suprayogi
Dadang Suprayogi (or Suprajogi, 12 April 1914 – 13 September 1998) was an Indonesian military officer and politician. He served in the Indonesian Army, primarily in Kodam III/Siliwangi, before he was appointed minister under Sukarno in 1958. He served as minister of production, and later minister of public works, until 1966. Afterwards, he chaired the Audit Board of Indonesia for a time before participating and leading sports organizations in Indonesia, including heading the National Sports Committee of Indonesia and representing the country in the International Olympic Committee.
Follow Your Heart (Nikki Webster album)
Follow Your Heart is the first album by Australian singer Nikki Webster, released in Australia on 20 August 2001 (see 2001 in music) by Gotham Records. The album has a genre of pop songs, and was produced by Chong Lim.

The album produced Webster's first top ten single on the ARIA Charts, giving her the record of being one of the youngest singers to debut at number two. The album also generated another top twenty single. In 2002, the album was nominated for an ARIA Music Awards for the "Highest Selling Album" for 2002 but lost to Kylie Minogue's album Fever. Follow Your Heart was the thirty-second highest selling album in Australia for 2001 and was certified platinum by ARIA selling 70,000 copies in Australia.

2001 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2001.

3.2 billion units were sold with a value of US$33.7 billion. DVD-Audio and Super Audio CD first rose to prominence in 2001, with approximately 600 titles available in these formats. Portable music grew in popularity after Apple Inc. released the iTunes media library on January 9 and the first iPod music player device on October 23. Worldwide, the best-selling albums were Hybrid Theory (2000) by Linkin Park, No Angel (1999) by Dido, and Survivor (2001) by Destiny's Child. The best-selling non-English album was Cieli di Toscana (transl. Tuscan Skies; 2001) by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli, which topped the charts in the Netherlands and Sweden and was the 23rd best-selling album globally.
Bailey-Moyes Tempest
The Bailey-Moyes Tempest,  is an Australian-American high-wing, strut-braced, single-seat, microlift glider that was designed by Bob Bailey of Florida, United States and produced by Moyes Microlights of Waverley, New South Wales, Australia.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
Reserve Logistics Support Brigade of Hebei
The Reserve Logistics Support Brigade of Hebei (Chinese: 河北陆军预备役后勤保障旅), originally activated as the Reserve Division of Langfang (Chinese: 廊坊陆军预备役师) in October 1984, at Langfang, Hebei is a reserve infantry formation of the People's Liberation Army.

The division was composed of three infantry regiments and one artillery regiment. In November 1985, the division was redesignated as the Reserve Infantry Division of Langfang (Chinese: 廊坊陆军预备役步兵师).

The division was then composed of:

1st Infantry Regiment - Gu'an

2nd Infantry Regiment - Yongqing

3rd Infantry Regiment - Ba County

Artillery Regiment

In December 1998, the division was reorganized as the Reserve Logistics Support Brigade of Hebei.

Bazhou, Hebei
Bazhou (Chinese: 霸州; pinyin: Bàzhōu), formerly Ba County, is a county-level city in Hebei province, China. It is under the jurisdiction of Langfang prefecture-level city. As of 2020, it had a population of over 743,226.
Jost Zetzsche
Jost Oliver Zetzsche (born in Hamburg, Germany) is a German–American English translator, sinologist and writer who lives in Oregon. Since 2016 he has been the curator of United Bible Societies' online Translation Insights and Perspectives (TIPs) tool.

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
John Pilling and Sons
The family firm John Pilling and Sons Ltd, made hand, dandy and power looms from 1819. It started in Trawden making hand, dandy and then wooden framed wiper power looms and moved to Colne to make cast iron Lancashire Looms in 1849/50. They continued manufacturing until 1980. The firm also owned several weaving mills and remained in business until 2005 as a mill premises management company. During the wars it made huge quantities of shells, grenades, tank and aircraft parts.

Power loom
A power loom is a mechanized loom that automates the weaving of cloth through leveraging mechanical power. It interlaces warp and weft threads via mechanisms like cams, gears, levers, and pulleys, replicating motions previously done manually. The mechanization of weaving dramatically increased production efficiency, contributing to the rise of large-scale textile factories during the Industrial Revolution.

Though the idea is older and experimentation predates him, Edmund Cartwright is credited with initiating power loom development with his 1785 patent. His initial versions were rudimentary but they pioneered automated weaving and laid the groundwork for factory-based production. By the early 19th century, improvements had made power looms reliable and widely adopted across Europe and North America, ushering in a new era of textile manufacturing. Cartwright’s invention marked the beginning of mechanized weaving, drastically reducing reliance on skilled handweavers.
Bethlehem Grange No. 137
The Bethlehem Grange No. 137 is a historic Grange hall located in Selkirk, Albany County, New York, United States. It was built in 1921 and expanded in 1936. This rectangular, wood-frame building is three bays wide, four bays long, two stories tall and has a medium-pitched hipped roof.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Albany County, New York
Albany County (/ˈɔːlbəni/ ⓘ AWL-bə-nee) is a county in the state of New York, United States. Its northern border is formed by the Mohawk River, at its confluence with the Hudson River, which is to the east. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 314,848. The county seat and largest city is Albany, which is also the state capital of New York. As originally established by the English government in the colonial era, Albany County had an indefinite amount of land, but has had an area of 530 square miles (1,400 km2) since March 3, 1888. The county is named for the Duke of York and of Albany, who became James II of England (James VII of Scotland). The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Ryōko Kinomiya
Ryōko Kinomiya (来宮 良子, Kinomiya Ryōko; 10 July 1931 – 25 November 2013) was a Japanese actress and voice actress.  She was born Ryōko Sakurai in Kyoto, Japan.  She was known for her low voice. Kinomiya was the Japanese dub voice of Faye Dunaway. In 2008 she won a Merit Award at the 2nd Seiyu Awards. Kinomiya died of multiple organ failure on 25 November 2013 at the age of 82.

2nd Seiyu Awards
The 2nd Seiyu Awards ceremony was held on March 8, 2008, at the UDX Theater (former Akiba 3D Theater) in Akihabara, Tokyo, and was broadcast on BS11 on May 4, 2008. The period of general voting lasted from October 20, 2007, to January 15, 2008.
Chaplygin (inhabited locality)
Chaplygin (Russian: Чаплыгин, masculine) or Chaplygina (feminine or masculine genitive) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Chaplygin, Lipetsk Oblast, a town in Chaplyginsky District of Lipetsk Oblast; administratively incorporated as a town under district jurisdiction

Rural localities

Chaplygin, Krasnodar Krai, a khutor in Soyuz Chetyrekh Khutorov Rural Okrug of Gulkevichsky District of Krasnodar Krai

Chaplygina, Kursk Oblast, a village in Pashkovsky Selsoviet of Kursky District of Kursk Oblast

Chaplygina, Oryol Oblast, a village in Bagrinovsky Selsoviet of Bolkhovsky District of Oryol Oblast

Lipetsk Oblast
Lipetsk Oblast (Russian: Липецкая область, IPA: [ˈlʲipʲɪtskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Lipetsk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 1,143,224.
Leatherwood Creek (St. Francis River tributary)
Leatherwood Creek is a stream in Iron and Madison County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of St. Francis River.

The stream headwaters arise in southeastern Iron County and it flows southeast into western Madison County parallel to Missouri Route C past the community of Jewett to its confluence with the St. Francis about four miles southwest of Rock Pile Mountain.

The source area is at 37°25′39″N 90°33′23″W﻿ / ﻿37.42750°N 90.55639°W﻿ / 37.42750; -90.55639 and the confluence is at 37°22′53″N 90°28′37″W﻿ / ﻿37.38139°N 90.47694°W﻿ / 37.38139; -90.47694.

Leatherwood Creek was named for leatherwood near its course.

Madison County, Missouri
Madison County is a county located in the Lead Belt region of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,626. Its county seat and largest city is Fredericktown. The county was officially organized on December 14, 1818, and was named after President James Madison. Mining has been a key industry in this area with Madison County recorded as having the oldest lead mine west of the Mississippi River. During the 1925 tri-state tornado, farm buildings were destroyed and livestock were killed.
El Día E
El Día E ('E-Day') or El Día del Español ('Spanish Language Day') is a festive commemoration promoted by the Instituto Cervantes since 2009, which takes place on the Saturday closest to the solstice of June, and whose objective is to spread the culture of Spanish, celebrate its importance in the world and foster the unity of its speakers.

Solstice
A solstice is the time when the Sun reaches its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. Two solstices occur annually, around 20–22 June and 20–22 December. In many countries, the seasons of the year are defined by reference to the solstices and the equinoxes.

The term solstice can also be used in a broader sense, as the day when this occurs. For locations not too close to the equator or the poles, the dates with the longest and shortest periods of daylight are the summer and winter solstices, respectively. Terms with no ambiguity as to which hemisphere is the context are "June solstice" and "December solstice", referring to the months in which they take place every year.
Yanina Wickmayer
Yanina Wickmayer (born 20 October 1989) is a Belgian former professional tennis player. She reached the semifinals at the 2009 US Open, and a career-high ranking of world No. 12, on 19 April 2010. In doubles, she achieved a career-high of world No. 61, on 11 September 2023. She was awarded "Most Improved Player" by the WTA in 2009. Time magazine named her one of the "30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future" in June 2011.

2011 Fed Cup World Group
The World Group was the highest level of Fed Cup competition in 2011. Eight nations competed in a three-round knockout competition. Italy was the two-time defending champion, but they were defeated in the semifinals by four-time former champion Russia.

The Russians were defeated in the final by Czech Republic, 3–2, in their first final and title since 1988.
Sagar (film)
Sagar (Kannada: ಸಾಗರ್) is a 2012 Kannada-language romantic action drama film directed by M. D. Sridhar and produced by Ramu. A remake of the Telugu-language Chukkallo Chandrudu (2006), the film stars Prajwal Devaraj, alongside Radhika Pandit, Sanjjana, Haripriya, Dev Gill, Sharath Lohithaswa, Avinash Yelandur, Vinaya Prasad and Adi Lokesh. The music was composed by Gurukiran, and cinematography and editing were handled by A. V. Krishna Kumar and P. R. Soundar Raj. The film was dubbed into Hindi as Ek Aur Mr. Sherdil.

Prajwal Devaraj
Prajwal Devaraj (born 4 July 1987) is an Indian actor who works in Kannada cinema. The son of veteran actor Devaraj, Prajwal made his debut with the Kannada film Sixer (2007) for which he won the Best Debut actor award at the Suvarna Film Awards. This was followed by the gangster drama Geleya (2007) which was a box-office success. Prajwal was in recent films like Chowka (2017), Gentleman (2020) and Inspector Vikram (2021).

His films include Meravanige (2008), Gulama (2009), Murali Meets Meera (2011), Super Shastri (2013) and Galaate (2013). For his performance in Gentleman (2020), he won the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor.