hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of El Pla
The Battle of El Pla was a battle on 15 January 1811 between an Imperial French column made up of two Italian brigades on one side and a Spanish division, under the command of Pedro Sarsfield on the other. The Spanish troops held steady and repulsed the attack of the first brigade, then counterattacked and defeated both brigades. The combat occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars. The action was fought near El Pla de Santa Maria, north of Valls, Catalonia, Spain.

Valls
Valls (Catalan pronunciation: [baʎs]) is a city and municipality in the Camp de Tarragona region in Catalonia, Spain. It is the capital of the comarca of Alt Camp. It has a population of 25,047 (register office, 2024) .

Valls is known for its calçots – a type of scallion or green onion – and the human towers tradition known as the castells. The town is the birthplace of the composer Robert Gerhard (1896–1970).
Simon Grahame
Simon (or Simion) Grahame (c. 1570–1614), born in Edinburgh, Scotland, led a dissolute life as a traveller, soldier, and courtier on the Continent of Europe. He appears to have been a good scholar, and wrote the Passionate Sparke of a Relenting Minde, and Anatomy of Humours, the latter of which is believed to have suggested to Robert Burton his The Anatomy of Melancholy. He became an austere Franciscan.

A sonnet of Grahame's was published as part of the preface to the Tragicall Death of Sophonisba, by David Murray, Scoto-Brittaine, John Smethwick, London (1611).

John Smethwick
John Smethwick (died 1641) was a London publisher of the Elizabethan, Jacobean, and Caroline eras. Along with colleague William Aspley, Smethwick was one of the "junior partners" in the publishing syndicate that issued the First Folio collection of Shakespeare's plays in 1623. As his title pages specify, his shop was "in St. Dunstan's Churchyard in Fleet Street, under the Dial."
Parque Viva
Parque Viva is a sporting and entertainment complex located in Alajuela, Costa Rica.

Parque Viva is the first entertainment center of its kind in Central America. The park, spanning over a total area of 30,000 square meters (approx. 7.41 acres or 3 ha), includes the 16k-seat Coca-Cola Amphitheatre, Circuit Go Rigo Go, and Centro Printea. The park offers 4,000 parking spaces. Parque Viva was built around the defunct race track Autódromo La Guácima. The capacity of the amphitheater is 20,000. The first concert held in the amphitheatre was by the Orquesta Filarmónica de Costa Rica (Costa Rican Philharmonic Orchestra), for its grand opening.

Alajuela
Alajuela (Spanish pronunciation: [alaˈxwela]) is a district in the Alajuela canton of the Alajuela Province of Costa Rica. As the seat of the Municipality of Alajuela canton, it is awarded the status of city. By virtue of being the city of the first canton of the province, it is also the capital of the Province of Alajuela.

Because of its location in the Costa Rican Central Valley, Alajuela is nowadays part of the conurbation of the Greater Metropolitan Area. The city is the birthplace of Juan Santamaría, the national hero of Costa Rica and the figure who gives the name to the country's main international airport, which is south of Alajuela downtown.
Rolf Greger Strøm
Rolf Greger Strøm (17 May 1940 – 4 August 1994) was a Norwegian luger. He participated at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, where he placed fourth in the men's singles, and competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics.

1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (French: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated.

The 1968 Winter Games marked the first time the IOC permitted East and West Germany to enter separately, and the first time the IOC ordered drug and gender testing of competitors.

Norway won the most gold and overall medals, the first time since the 1952 Winter Olympics that the Soviet Union did not top the medal table by both parameters.
Sruti (magazine)
Sruti is an English language monthly magazine on the performing arts and Indian music and dance, published from Chennai, India.

Sruti was founded in 1983 by N. Pattabhiraman, who had returned to India from a career abroad, bringing with him a focus and skill for English composition. The magazine initially had financial difficulties, with Pattabhiraman desiring to gain subscribers vice take out loans, and minimal support from corporations. The journal foundered somewhat following Pattabhiraman's death, but as of 2014 continues forward under staffers who rose to take over its leadership. The magazine was acquired by the Sanmar Group in 2006.

Journalist S. Muthiah in 2011 referred to the publication as  the country's leading journal on Indian Classical music and dance.

Music of India
Owing to India's vastness and diversity, Indian music encompasses numerous genres in multiple varieties and forms which include classical music, folk, rock, and pop. It has a history spanning several millennia and developed over several geo-locations spanning the sub-continent. Music in India began as an integral part of socio-religious life.
Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
The Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (Czech: Ústav Jaderné Fyziky Akademie věd ČR) is a public research institution located in Řež, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic. It was established in 1972 from the Physics Section of the former institute of Nuclear Research of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences.

Central Bohemian Region
The Central Bohemian Region (Czech: Středočeský kraj [ˈstr̝̊ɛdotʃɛskiː ˈkraj]; German: Mittelböhmische Region) is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in the Czech capital Prague, which lies in the centre of the region. However, the city is not part of it but is a region of its own.

The Central Bohemian Region is in the centre of Bohemia. In terms of area, it is the largest region in the Czech Republic, with 11,014 km2, almost 14% of the total area of the country. It surrounds the country's capital, Prague, and borders Liberec Region (in the north), Hradec Králové Region (northeast), Pardubice Region (east), Vysočina Region (southeast), South Bohemian Region (south), Plzeň Region (west) and Ústí nad Labem Region (northwest).
Deokinandan Singh
Deokinandan Singh, an Indian politician and trade unionist.

As of 1973, Singh was a member of the General Council of the All India Trade Union Congress.

Singh was elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly in an 18 March 1979 by-election in the Matihani seat. Singh obtained 25,660 votes, defeating the Indian National Congress (I) candidate Vashishth Narayan Singh and Mithilesh Kumar Singh of the Janata Party. The by-election had been called following the murder of communist legislator Sitaram Mishra in 1978.

Singh contested the Matihani seat again in the Legislative Assembly elections of 1980 and 1985. He finished in second place both times, with 23,796 votes (36.18%) in 1980 and 30,542 votes (44.15%) in 1985.

1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 1985 was held in March 1985 to elect members to the Bihar Legislative Assembly. The Indian National Congress won a majority of seats and the popular vote and Bindeshwari Dubey became the new Chief Minister of Bihar.
My Name Is Uncle Groucho, You Win a Fat Cigar
My Name Is Uncle Groucho, You Win a Fat Cigar is a computer game developed and published by Automata UK for the ZX Spectrum in 1983. Groucho was designed by Mel Croucher who was better known for his later works Deus Ex Machina and ID.

The game takes the form of a text adventure, augmented by primitive graphics, where the player seeks out Groucho (based on Groucho Marx), who gives the player a series of clues as to the identity of a famous film star. If the player guesses correctly another clue to a further star is provided. The name of this additional star could be mailed to Automata UK for entry into a prize draw to take place on 1 June 1984. The first prize was a trip to Hollywood on Concorde to meet the actor identified, with a return trip on the QE2.

The competition was won by Phil Daley, who correctly identified Mickey Mouse and provided the winning pun slogan "There's no blood in our games, it's all tomata sauce".

Groucho Marx
Julius Henry "Groucho" Marx (/ˈɡraʊtʃoʊ/; October 2, 1890 – August 19, 1977) was an American comedian, actor, comic vocalist and game show host who performed in vaudeville, Broadway, films, radio, and television. A master of the one-line retort, he is considered one of America's greatest comedians.

Marx made 13 feature films as a team with his brothers, who performed under the name the Marx Brothers, of whom he was the third born. He also had a successful solo career, primarily on radio and television, most notably as the host of the game show You Bet Your Life.

His distinctive appearance, carried over from his days in vaudeville, included quirks such as an exaggerated stooped posture, spectacles, cigar, and a thick greasepaint moustache (later a real moustache) and eyebrows.
Vespolina
Vespolina is a red Italian wine grape variety that is planted in Piedmont around Gattinara and Ghemme. Ampelographer believe that the grape is most likely indigenous to this area of Piedmont and recent DNA profiling identified a parent-offspring relationship with Nebbiolo. Outside Piedmont it is found in the Lombardy region of Oltrepò Pavese where the grape is known as Ughetta. In Gattinara, Vespolina is sometimes blended with Nebbiolo and Bonarda Piemontese. Unlike the white Italian grape Vespaiolo, the root of the name Vespolina does not have a direct connection with vespe or wasp. However the true origins of the name are still unclear.

Ampelography
Ampelography (ἄμπελος, "vine" + γράφος, "writing") is the field of botany concerned with the identification and classification of grapevines, Vitis spp. Traditionally this has been done by comparing the shape and colour of the vine leaves and grape berries; more recently the study of vines has been revolutionised by DNA fingerprinting.
Aage Grundstad
Aage Grundstad (May 26, 1923 – April 8, 2012) was a Norwegian award-winning accordion player, originally from Vefsn Municipality.

Grundstad studied at the Oslo Conservatory of Music and graduated from the Veitvedt Music School. He had his solo debut on NRK in 1946, where he later had several radio concerts. He founded the club Friends of Old-Fashioned Dance (Venner av gammeldans) in Oslo with Angell Gabrielsen in 1954 and founded the Norwegian Accordionists' Association in 1971. Grundstad had his own ensemble with Knut Trøen, who studied the Norwegian figure dance (turdans) tradition, and released several albums.

Gammaldans
Gammaldans (Swedish and Nynorsk) or  Gammeldans (Danish and Bokmål) (literally "old dance") is a small set of Nordic dances that became broadly popular in the late 19th century. These were also the dances of the Nordic immigrant communities in the United States.

These are still danced socially and in dance groups and clubs and are often taught at some point during a child’s public school years. Most of these dances arose and became widely disseminated first at the beginning of the region's industrialization when communication between cities and smaller communities increased. Despite the name (which translates to "old dance"), gammaldans is a comparatively recent addition to the Nordic folk dance tradition.
Chesterville, Ontario
Chesterville is a village in the township of North Dundas, within the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. It is located north of Morrisburg, west of Cornwall and south-east of Ottawa. The village is situated along the South Nation River.

United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
The United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry (SDG) is a county and census division in the Canadian province of Ontario, that comprises three historical counties. The county's administrative office is located within the City of Cornwall, which, together with the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne, is geographically within the county but administered independently.

The United Counties of SDG borders Quebec to the east and New York in the United States to the south. The sovereign Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne straddles both borders, thus including territory partly within Ontario, Quebec and New York.
GiftTree
GiftTree is an American online retailer based in Vancouver, Washington. The company sells gift baskets, wine gift baskets, fruit, and flowers.

GiftTree was founded in 1997 by Craig Bowen and his wife, Esther Diez. Originally based in Key West, Florida, the company was moved to Vancouver, Washington in 1998.

Gift basket
A gift basket or fruit basket is typically a gift delivered to the recipient at their home or workplace. A variety of gift baskets exist: some contain fruit; while others might contain dry or canned foods such as tea, crackers and jam; or the basket might include a combination of fruit and dried good items. Gourmet gift baskets typically include exotic fruit, and often include quality cheese and wine, as well as other nonfood items. Gift baskets are often sent for special occasions—such as holidays—or as a thank-you or congratulations gift. In certain occasions, it is given as a sympathy gift or a condolence gift during funerals. In some countries in Asia, people use fruit baskets as decoration. They either eat it after the funeral service where the casket is laid in the cemetery or they leave the fruit baskets at their graves to let the dead rest in peace.
Colonius
Colonius is the Cologne telecommunications tower, which was finished in 1981. The Colonius possesses a cafeteria, viewing platform, and a restaurant, apart from antennas for radio relay and radio services within the VHF range. Because of a missing leaseholder the restaurant has been closed since 1994, and the viewing area closed since 1999 for fire safety reasons. At the time of its completion the Colonius was 252.9 meters high.  In 2004 a radio tower added by helicopter increased the height to 266 meters. This addition allowed the broadcast of digital television (DVB-T)  from the tower in the Cologne/Bonn region.

Colonius, telecommunications tower

DVB-T
DVB-T, short for Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial, is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first published in 1997 and first broadcast in Singapore in February 1998. This system transmits compressed digital audio, digital video and other data in an MPEG transport stream, using coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM or OFDM) modulation. It is also the format widely used worldwide (including North America) for Electronic News Gathering for transmission of video and audio from a mobile newsgathering vehicle to a central receive point.
It is also used in the US by amateur television operators.
Hans Zoller
Hans Zoller (16 February 1922 – 11 September 2020) was a Swiss bobsledder who competed in the 1950s and 1960s. He won a gold medal in the four-man event at the 1957 FIBT World Championships in St. Moritz. He also competed in Bobsleigh at the 1964 Winter Olympics, where he finished 10th in both the two man and four man bobsled events.

Bobsleigh at the 1964 Winter Olympics
The Bobsleigh 1964 Winter Olympics events took place between 31 January and 7 February 1964 at Bob und Rodelbahn Igls, Innsbruck, Austria. This marked the return of Bobsleigh to the Winter Olympic Games as no bob events took place at the 1960 Winter Olympics.
42 Aquarii
42 Aquarii is a single star located 447 light years away from the Sun in the zodiac constellation of Aquarius. 42 Aquarii is its Flamsteed designation. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.34. This object is moving further from the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of around +13 km/s.

This object is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K1 III, most likely (82% chance) on the horizontal branch. It is around 470 million years old with a projected rotational velocity of 3.4 km/s. The star has over three times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 11 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 70 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,980 K.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
Gary Schwertfeger
Gary Schwertfeger (born July 24, 1940) is an American former professional football player who played for the BC Lions. He won the Grey Cup with them in 1964. He played college football at the University of Montana.

University of Montana
The University of Montana (UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana, United States. UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus. Fall 2024 saw total enrollment hit 10,811, marking the highest total enrollment for UM since 2018.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" as of 2022.

Alumni include 11 Truman Scholars, 14 Goldwater Scholars, and 40 Udall Scholars. One alumnus, Harold Urey, has won the Nobel Prize.
Union County Vocational-Technical High School
The Union County Vocational-Technical High School ("UCTech") is a full-time vocational public high school, located in Scotch Plains in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. This school serves students in ninth through twelfth grades from across Union county as a career academy on the Union County Vocational Technical Schools Campus, which also includes the Union County Academy for Allied Health Sciences, Academy for Information Technology, Union County Magnet High School and the Academy for Performing Arts. The school is accredited until January 2031 by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 507 students and 23.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 21.3:1. There were 40 students (7.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 6 (1.2% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Siege of Laodicea
Siege of Laodicea can refer to:

Siege of Laodicea (636), capture of Laodicea in Syria (Latakia) by the Rashidun Caliphate

Siege of Laodicea (1119), capture of Laodicea in Phrygia by the Byzantine Empire

Siege of Laodicea (1188), capture of Laodicea in Syria (Latakia) by the Ayyubid Sultanate

Siege of Latakia (2011), suppression of anti-government protests during the Syrian Civil War

Siege of Latakia (2011)
On 13 August 2011, during the early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war, the Syrian Army and Syrian Navy launched an operation in the Syrian coastal city of Latakia in order to end an anti-Assad rebellion in the Palestinian camp. The operation resulted in dozens of people killed and wounded. Latakia has remained relatively quiet throughout the Syrian civil war subsequent to the operation.
Rock-kola
Rock-kola (Belarusian: Рок-кола, transl. Rock-wheel) was a Belarusian rock festival held annually from 1990 to 2007 in Polotsk and Novopolotsk. At the Rock Coronation 2004–2005, it won in the category of “Festival of the Year.”

Polotsk
Polotsk or Polatsk is a town in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It is situated on the Dvina River and serves as the administrative center of Polotsk District. Polotsk is served by Polotsk Airport and Borovitsy air base. As of 2025, it has a population of 79,285.
Wu Guohua
Wu Guohua (吴国华; born September 1961) is a Chinese politician and a current vice-chair of the central committee of the Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League (TDSL), one of China's eight minor political parties that follow the direction of the Chinese Communist Party.

Wu was born in Fujin, Heilongjiang, but has ancestry in Miaoli County, Taiwan. She previously joined the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party, another minor party, in 1989, before joining the TDSL in 2007. She has been a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference since 2013, and a vice chair of the TDSL since December 2017. Wu also previously held multiple local political roles in Heilongjiang.

Miaoli County
Miaoli is a county in western Taiwan, bordered by Hsinchu County and Hsinchu City to the north, Taichung to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the west. Miaoli is classified as central Taiwan by the National Development Council and northern Taiwan by the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau. Miaoli City is the capital of the county, and is also known as Mountain Town, owing to the number of mountains nearby, making it a destination for hiking.
WQKX
WQKX (94.1 FM, "94KX") is a commercial radio station licensed to serve Elizabethville, Pennsylvania. The station is owned by Sunbury Broadcasting Corporation and broadcasts an adult hits format. Its broadcast tower is located near Trevorton.

Adult hits
Adult hits (sometimes also called variety hits) is a radio format drawing from popular music from the late 1960s to the present. The format typically focuses on classic hits, but blended with adult contemporary, pop, and rock hits from the 1970s through at least the 2000s, and is synonymous with franchised brands such as Jack FM and Bob FM.