hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Upsilon Capricorni
Upsilon Capricorni is a solitary, reddish hued star in the southern constellation of Capricornus. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from υ Capricorni, and abbreviated Upsilon Cap or υ Cap. This star is dimly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.17. The star is about 630 light years away based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −12 km/s. It is 0.22 degree north of the ecliptic, so is subject to lunar occultations.

This is an aging red giant star on the asymptotic giant branch with a stellar classification of M1 III, a star that has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core then cooled and expanded. It has 92 times the radius of the Sun and is radiating 1,283 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,953 K.

It is a suspected variable star of unknown type with a brightness that has been measured ranging from a peak of 5.19 down to 5.24.

Asymptotic giant branch
The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) is a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram populated by evolved cool luminous stars. This is a period of stellar evolution undertaken by all low- to intermediate-mass stars (about 0.5 to 8 solar masses) late in their lives.

Observationally, an asymptotic-giant-branch star will appear as a bright red giant with a luminosity ranging up to thousands of times greater than the Sun. Its interior structure is characterized by a central and largely inert core of carbon and oxygen, a shell where helium is undergoing fusion to form carbon (known as helium burning), another shell where hydrogen is undergoing fusion forming helium (known as hydrogen burning), and a very large envelope of material of composition similar to main-sequence stars (except in the case of carbon stars).
Rabindranath Salazar Solorio
Rabindranath Salazar Solorio (born 2 June 1968) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). 
In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Senate for the state of Morelos.

2012 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico on Sunday, 1 July 2012. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic to serve a six-year term, replacing Felipe Calderón, 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 128 members of the Mexican Senate.

Several local ballots were held on the same day, including the election of a new Head of Government and new Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, gubernatorial elections in six states (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos, Tabasco and Yucatán) and municipal and local congressional elections several states.
Jim B. Tucker
Jim B. Tucker is a retired child psychiatrist and former Bonner-Lowry Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. His main research interests were documenting stories of children who, he has claimed, remember previous lives, and natal and prenatal memories. He is the author of Life Before Life: A Scientific Investigation of Children’s Memories of Previous Lives, which presents an overview of over four decades of reincarnation research at the Division of Perceptual Studies. Tucker worked for several years on this research with Ian Stevenson before taking over upon Stevenson's retirement in 2002.

In addition to his publications Tucker has appeared in broadcast media talking about his work. His investigation of the case of Cameron Macaulay was featured in the British TV network, "Channel 5", documentary Extraordinary People - The Boy Who Lived Before.

Child and adolescent psychiatry
Child and adolescent psychiatry (or pediatric psychiatry) is a branch of psychiatry that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders in children, adolescents, and their families. It investigates the biopsychosocial factors that influence the development and course of psychiatric disorders and treatment responses to various interventions. Child and adolescent psychiatrists primarily use psychotherapy and/or medication to treat mental disorders in the pediatric population.
Social justice warrior
Social justice warrior (SJW) is a pejorative term and Internet meme mostly used for an individual who promotes socially progressive, left-wing or liberal views, including environmentalism, affirmative action,  gun control, single payer healthcare, progressive taxation, feminism, abortion, LGBTQ rights, and multiculturalism. The accusation that somebody is an SJW carries implications that they are pursuing personal validation rather than any deep-seated conviction, and engaging in disingenuous arguments.

The phrase originated in the late 20th century as a neutral or positive term for people engaged in social justice activism. In 2011, when the term first appeared on Twitter, it changed from a primarily positive term to an overwhelmingly negative one. During the Gamergate controversy, the term was adopted by what would become the alt-right, and the negative connotations gained increased usage which would eventually overshadow its origins.

Affirmative action in the United States
In the United States, affirmative action consists of government-mandated, government-approved, and voluntary private programs granting special consideration to groups considered or classified as historically excluded, specifically racial minorities and women. These programs tend to focus on access to education and employment in order to redress the disadvantages associated with past and present discrimination. Another goal of affirmative action policies is to ensure that public institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and police forces, are more representative of the populations they serve.

As of 2024, affirmative action rhetoric has been increasingly replaced by emphasis on diversity, equity, and inclusion and nine states explicitly ban its use in the employment process.  The Supreme Court in 2023 explicitly rejected race-based affirmative action in college admissions in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard.
Herfjötur
In Norse mythology, Herfjötur (Old Norse: Herfjǫtur, "war-fetter", "host-fetter" or "fetter of the army") is a valkyrie. Herfjötur is attested as among the 13 valkyries listed in the Poetic Edda poem Grímnismál, and in the longer of the two Nafnaþulur lists found in the Prose Edda.

Rudolf Simek says the name is kenning-like and that the name likely refers to the "fortune determining function of the valkyries especially in battle." Simek points to a connection between the name and the idisi mentioned in one of the two Merseburg Incantations and says that "these Idisi are obviously a kind of valkyrie, as these also have the power to hamper enemies in Norse mythology."

Grímnismál
Grímnismál (Old Norse: [ˈɡriːmnesˌmɔːl]; 'The Lay of Grímnir') is one of the mythological poems of the Poetic Edda. It is preserved in the Codex Regius manuscript and the AM 748 I 4to fragment. It is spoken through the voice of Grímnir, one of the many guises of the god Odin. The very name suggests guise, or mask or hood. Through an error, King Geirröth tortured Odin-as-Grímnir, a fatal mistake, since Odin caused him to fall upon his own sword. The poem is written mostly in the ljóðaháttr metre, typical for wisdom verse.
Madelung's deformity
Madelung's deformity is usually characterized by malformed wrists and wrist bones and is often associated with Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis. It can be bilateral (in both wrists) or just in the one wrist.
It has only been recognized within the past hundred years. Named after Otto Wilhelm Madelung (1846–1926), a German surgeon, who described it in detail, it was noted by others. Guillaume Dupuytren mentioned it in 1834, Auguste Nélaton in 1847, and Joseph-François Malgaigne in 1855.

Carpal bones
The carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist (carpus) that connects the hand to the forearm. The terms "carpus" and "carpal" are derived from the Latin carpus and the Greek καρπός (karpós), meaning "wrist". In human anatomy, the main role of the carpal bones is to articulate with the radial and ulnar heads to form a highly mobile condyloid joint (i.e. wrist joint), to provide attachments for thenar and hypothenar muscles, and to form part of the rigid carpal tunnel which allows the median nerve and tendons of the anterior forearm muscles to be transmitted to the hand and fingers.

In tetrapods, the carpus is the sole cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically.
John Bowlby
Edward John Mostyn Bowlby (/ˈboʊlbi/; 26 February 1907 – 2 September 1990) was a British psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, notable for his interest in child development and for his pioneering work in attachment theory. Bowlby was inspired by Melanie Klein during his psychoanalytic training. Melanie Klein was his supervisor; however, they had different views about the role of the mother in the treatment of a three-year-old boy. Specifically and importantly, Klein stressed the role of the child's fantasies about his mother, but Bowlby emphasised the actual history of the relationship. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Bowlby as the 49th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Review of General Psychology
Review of General Psychology is the quarterly scientific journal of the American Psychological Association Division 1: The Society for general psychology. The journal publishes cross-disciplinary psychological articles that are conceptual, theoretical, and methodological in nature. Other aspects include the evaluation and integration of research literature and the providing of historical analysis. The journal was established in 1997. The editor-in-chief is Wade E. Pickren (Independent Scholar, USA) and Thomas Teo (York University, Canada).
Quintus Volusius Flaccus Cornelianus
Quintus Volusius Flaccus Cornelianus was a Roman Senator who lived during the 2nd century. He was ordinary consul in 174 as the colleague of Lucius Aurelius Gallus.

Little is known on his origins and life. Cornelianus was a member of the gens Volusia. He may have been a descendant of Quintus Volusius Saturninus, consul of 92.

The name of Cornelianus is mentioned in a Roman papyrus written between 193 and 197. The papyrus, written in Latin and Greek, contains a list of soldiers in some type of military unit, perhaps cavalrymen. It was probably later reused as an envelope for a letter or a small object.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Virginia's 43rd House of Delegates district
Virginia's 43rd House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 43 represents the entirety of Buchanan, Tazewell and Bland Counties, as well as parts of Dickenson and Russell Counties. The seat is currently held by Republican Will Morefield.

Dickenson County, Virginia
Dickenson County is a mountainous United States county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia on the Appalachian Plateau.  Bordering Kentucky, Dickenson is situated near the far western point of Virginia. Its county seat is Clintwood, and, as of the 2020 census, the county population was 14,124.

Formed in 1880 from parts of several  western Virginia counties, Dickenson is the most recently created county in the state.  The county was named in honor of William J. Dickenson, a long serving local member of the Virginia General Assembly, who sponsored the created of the new county.
2017 Japan Women's Open – Doubles
Shuko Aoyama and Makoto Ninomiya were the defending champions, but chose not to compete together. Aoyama played alongside Yang Zhaoxuan, and successfully defended her title, defeating Monique Adamczak and Storm Sanders in the final 6–0, 2–6, [10–5]. Ninomiya teamed up with Renata Voráčová, but lost to Aoyama and Yang in the semifinals.

Makoto Ninomiya
Makoto Ninomiya (二宮 真琴, Ninomiya Makoto; born 28 May 1994) is a Japanese professional tennis player.
She achieved a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 20 on 22 October 2018, and peaked at No. 280 in singles on 22 February 2016.
Partnered with Eri Hozumi, she reached the final of the 2018 French Open.

In doubles, she has won eight titles on the WTA Tour, one title on the WTA Challenger Tour as well as 21 ITF titles. In singles, there is only one ITF Circuit title.

Playing for Japan Fed Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 5–1 as of June 2024.
PH meter
A pH meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH. The pH meter measures the difference in electrical potential between a pH electrode and a reference electrode, and so the pH meter is sometimes referred to as a "potentiometric pH meter". The difference in electrical potential relates to the acidity or pH of the solution. Testing of pH via pH meters (pH-metry) is used in many applications ranging from laboratory experimentation to quality control.

Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is an ion created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions (hydrons) and negatively charged (hydride) ions.
Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Business Promotion
The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Business Promotion of Equatorial Guinea is the country's ministry of Commerce, in charge of supporting business activity, national production of goods and services and supporting the industrial sectors of the economy.

Based in Malabo, the country's capital. The current Minister is Don Benjamín Bakale Nkara, appointed in 2023.

Malabo
Malabo (/məˈlɑːboʊ/ mə-LAH-boh, Spanish: [maˈlaβo] ⓘ; formerly Santa Isabel [ˈsantajsaˈβel] ⓘ) is a city in Equatorial Guinea, located in the province of Bioko Norte. It is located on the north coast of the island of Bioko (Bube: Etulá, and as Fernando Pó by the Europeans). In 2018, the city had a population of approximately 297,000 inhabitants.

Spanish is the official language of the city and of the country as well, but Pichinglis is also used as a language of wider communication across Bioko island, including Malabo.

Malabo is the oldest city in Equatorial Guinea and served as its former capital. Ciudad de la Paz is a planned community in mainland Equatorial Guinea which was built to replace Malabo as the capital. The institutions of governance of Equatorial Guinea began the process of locating to Ciudad de la Paz in February 2017. Ciudad de la Paz was officially proclaimed capital of Equatorial Guinea in January 2026.
Sonchat Ratiwatana
Sonchat Ratiwatana (Thai: สนฉัตร รติวัฒน์, pronounced [sǒn.t͡ɕʰàt rá(ʔ).tī.wát]), nicknamed Ton (ต้น, [tôn]; born January 23, 1982, in Bangkok) is a professional tennis player from Thailand. In 2007, Sonchat and his twin brother Sanchai Ratiwatana won their first ATP doubles title in Bangkok in their home country. In the final, the team beat 2007 Wimbledon men's doubles winner Michaël Llodra and 2007 U.S. Open men's doubles semifinalist Nicolas Mahut. He reached his highest doubles ranking at world number 39 as of 28 April 2008. He plays right-handed and turned professional in 2004. He and his twin brother played in their first grand slam tournament during the Australian Open in 2008,  where they lost to the eventual finalist pairing of Arnaud Clément & Michaël Llodra of France in the first round.

2008 Australian Open – Men's doubles
Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Mahesh Bhupathi and Mark Knowles.

Jonathan Erlich and Andy Ram won in the final 7–5, 7–6(4), against Arnaud Clément and Michaël Llodra. They became the first all-Israeli pair to win a Grand Slam title.
Hexaminolevulinate
Hexaminolevulinate, sold under the brand name Cysview among others, is an imaging agent that lights up under blue light during a blue light cystoscopy. It is used to help detect non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), in particular papillary tumors and carcinoma in situ (CIS).

Hexaminolevulinate is a structural analogue to 5-aminolevulinic acid (a precursor to the porphyrin ring of heme), and is internalized and processed into the photoactive protoporphyrin IX at a high rate by tumor cells. After exposure to 360-450 nm light, the porphyrin will fluoresce red.

Biological effects of high-energy visible light
High-energy visible light (HEV light) is short-wave light in the violet/blue band from 400 to 450 nm in the visible spectrum, which in artificial narrowband form has a number of proven negative biological effects, namely on circadian rhythm and retinal health (blue-light hazard), which can lead to age-related macular degeneration. Increasingly, blue blocking filters are being designed into glasses to avoid blue light's purported negative effects. However, there is no good evidence that filtering blue light with spectacles has any effect on eye health, eye strain, sleep quality or mood swings.
József Polics
József Polics (born November 12, 1955) is a Hungarian civil engineer and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) for Komló (Baranya County Constituency IV) between 2010 and 2014. He was a member of the Committee on Employment and Labour during that time. He has been the mayor of Komló since October 2010.

Baranya County
Baranya (Hungarian: Baranya vármegye, pronounced [ˈbɒrɒɲɒ ˈvaːrmɛɟɛ]; German: Branau; Croatian: Baranjska županija) is a county (vármegye) in southern Hungary. It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region and the historical Baranya region, which was a county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary dating back to the 11th century. Its current status as one of the 19 counties of Hungary was established in 1950 as part of wider Soviet administrative territorial reform following World War II. Its county seat and largest city is Pécs.

As of 2025, it has a population of 351,158. Of the 19 counties of Hungary (excluding Budapest), it is ranked 10th, both in terms of geographic area and population.
VP-11
Patrol Squadron 11 (VP-11), nicknamed Proud Pegasus, was a Patrol Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established at NAS Quonset Point, Rhode Island on 15 May 1952 and was disestablished on 2 August 1997. It was the fourth squadron to be designated VP-11, the first VP-11 was redesignated VP-54 on 1 October 1937, the second VP-11 was redesignated VP-21 on 1 February 1941 and the third VP-11 was redesignated VPB-11 on 1 October 1944.

Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer
The Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer is an American World War II and Korean War era patrol bomber of the United States Navy derived from the Consolidated B-24 Liberator. The Navy had been using B-24s with only minor modifications as the PB4Y-1 Liberator, and along with maritime patrol Liberators used by RAF Coastal Command, this type of patrol plane was proven successful. A fully navalized design was desired, and Consolidated developed a dedicated long-range patrol bomber with tests begun in 1943, designated PB4Y-2 Privateer. The first version of the Privateer flew in September 1943 with production versions arriving in March 1944. In 1951, the type was redesignated P4Y-2 Privateer. A further designation change occurred in September 1962, when the remaining US Navy Privateers (all having previously been converted to drone configuration as P4Y-2K) were redesignated QP-4B.
Royal Oak, Michigan
Royal Oak is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Royal Oak is located roughly 10 miles (16.1 km) north of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 58,211.

Royal Oak is located along the Woodward Corridor, and is served by Interstate 75 and Interstate 696. The city has one of the largest downtowns in Detroit's suburbs, and is also home to much of the Detroit Zoo, with portions extending into neighboring Huntington Woods. Royal Oak describes itself as the "city of trees".

Downtown
Downtown is a term primarily used in American and Canadian English to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district (CBD). It may also be a center for shopping and entertainment. Downtowns typically contain a small percentage of a city's employment but are concentrated in services, including high-end services (office or white-collar jobs). Sometimes, smaller downtowns include lower population densities and lower incomes than nearby suburbs. It is often distinguished as a hub of public transit and culture.
Stanislav Gribkov
Stanislav Gribkov (Russian: Станислав Грибков) is a Russian conductor and artistic director of the Saint Petersburg TV. In 1964 he became a teacher at the Saint Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts after graduating from the Saint Petersburg Conservatory the same year. In 1968 he began working at the Saint Petersburg TV and its radio station as well and twenty years later became choir master and artistic director at the same place. He has conducted over 500 works of various composers and was a winner of numerous international awards.

Saint Petersburg Conservatory
The N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory (Russian: Санкт-Петербургская государственная консерватория имени Н. А. Римского-Корсакова) (formerly known as the Petrograd Conservatory and Leningrad Conservatory) is a school of music in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2013, the conservatory had around 400 faculty members and over 1300 students.
1911 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1911 Rutgers Queensmen football team was an American football team that represented Rutgers University as an independent during the 1911 college football season. The 1911 Rutgers team compiled a 4–4–1 record and was outscored by opponents by a combined total of 99 to 25. Howard Gargan was the team's coach, and James K. Alverson was the team captain.

1911 college football season
The 1911 college football season was the last one before major reforms were made to the American game in 1912.  In 1911, touchdowns were worth five points, the field was 110 yards in length, and a team had three downs within which to advance the ball ten yards.  The United States Naval Academy (Navy) finished with a record of 6 wins and 3 ties (6–0–3). Two of the ties were 0–0 games with the other major unbeaten teams, Penn State (8–0–1) and Princeton (8–0–2). Other teams that finished the season unbeaten were Minnesota (6–0–1), Florida (5–0–1) and Oklahoma (8-0).

At the end of the season Princeton was named as the year's champion by The New York Times. The Helms Athletic Foundation, founded in 1936, declared retroactively that Princeton had been the best team of 1911.