hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Isra'
Al-Isra' (Arabic: الإسراء, lit. 'The Night Journey'), is the 17th chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 111 verses (āyāt). The word Isra' refers to the Night Journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and about the Children of Israel. This surāh is part of a series of al-Musabbihat surahs because it begins with the glorification of God.

Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is traditionally believed to be a Meccan surah, from the second Meccan period (615-619).

Asbab al-Nuzul
Occasions or circumstances of revelation (in Arabic أسباب النزول asbāb al-nuzūl) names the historical context in which Quranic verses were revealed from the perspective of traditional Islam. Though of some use in reconstructing the Qur'an's historicity, asbāb is by nature an exegetical rather than a historiographical genre, and as such usually associates the verses it explicates with general situations rather than specific events. The study of asbāb al-nuzūl is part of the study of Tafsir (interpretation of the Qur'an).
Lawson Harris
William Lawson Harris (June 30, 1897 – March 31, 1948) was an American director, actor, producer, and writer who made a number of films in Australia. He came to Australia originally at the behest of Arthur Shirley to work as production manager on The Throwback (1920) and stayed out there for a number of years. Harris was the father of actor and director John Derek.

Arthur Shirley
Arthur Shirley (31 August 1886 – 24 November 1967) was an Australian actor, writer, producer, and director of theatre and film. He experienced some success as a film actor in Hollywood between 1914 and 1920.
Cacia cretifera
Cacia cretifera is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Frederick William Hope in 1831. It is known from Java, Cambodia, India, Myanmar, China, Nepal, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. It feeds on Berberis thunbergii and Albizia julibrissin.

Berberis thunbergii
Berberis thunbergii, the Japanese barberry, Thunberg's barberry, or red barberry, is a species of flowering plant in the barberry family Berberidaceae, native to Japan and eastern Asia, though widely naturalized in China and North America, where it has become a problematic invasive in many places, leading to declines in species diversity, increased tick habitat, and soil changes. Growing to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall by 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) broad, it is a small deciduous shrub with green leaves turning red in the autumn, brilliant red fruits in autumn and pale yellow flowers in spring.
Bhima Mandavi
Bhima Mandavi (died April 9, 2019) was a Bharatiya Janata Party politician and member of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly from Dantewada assembly constituency.

He was assassinated by naxalites belonging to the Communist Party of India (Maoist) in Nakulnar village of Dantewada district in the state of Chhattisgarh.

Dantewada district
Dakshin Bastar Dantewada district, also known as Dantewara district, is a district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. Dantewada is the district headquarters. The district is part of Bastar Division. Until 1998, Dantewada District was a tehsil of the larger Bastar District.

As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Chhattisgarh (out of 18), after Narayanpur and Bijapur.

The present collector of Dantewada is Shri Deepak Soni.
2020 J.League Cup
The 2020 J.League Cup, known as the 2020 J.League YBC Levain Cup (Japanese: 2020 JリーグYBCルヴァンカップ) for sponsorship reasons, was the 28th edition of J.League Cup, a Japanese association football cup competition. It began on 16 February 2020 and ended on 4 January 2021.

Matsumoto Yamaga FC
Matsumoto Yamaga Football Club (松本山雅フットボールクラブ, Matsumoto Yamaga Futtobōru Kurabu) or simply Matsumoto Yamaga (松本山雅FC, Matsumoto Yamaga Efu Shī) is a Japanese football (soccer) club based in the city of Matsumoto, located in the Nagano Prefecture. The club currently plays in the J3 League, Japanese third tier of professional football.
Paul Castanet
Paul Remy Castanet (16 March 1880 in Clamart – 8 December 1967 in Malakoff) was an early twentieth century French middle-distance runner. He participated in Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won the silver medal in the 5000 metres team race for the French team with Jacques Chastanie, Henri Deloge and Gaston Ragueneau.

Malakoff, Hauts-de-Seine
Malakoff (French pronunciation: [malakɔf] ⓘ) is a suburban commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department southwest of Paris, France, located 5 km (3.1 mi) from the centre of the city. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 30,557. The European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment (EUROCAE) is based in Malakoff.
Pico da Cruz (village)
Pico da Cruz is a settlement in the northeastern part of the island of Santo Antão, Cape Verde. In 2010 its population was 138. It is situated 6 km southwest of Pombas and 10 km northeast of the island capital Porto Novo. Its elevation is about 1,400 meters. The village is named after the nearby mountain Pico da Cruz. It lies in the Cova-Paul-Ribeira da Torre Natural Park.

Porto Novo, Cape Verde
Porto Novo is a city in the island of Santo Antão, in Cape Verde. It is the seat of the Porto Novo municipality. At the 2010 census, the town had 9,310 inhabitants, which makes it the most populous settlement of the island.
Botallackite
Botallackite, chemical formula Cu2(OH)3Cl is a secondary copper mineral, named for its type locality at the Botallack Mine in St Just in Penwith, Cornwall. It is polymorphous with atacamite, paratacamite and clinoatacamite.

Botallackite crystallises in the monoclinic crystal system. It is mountain-green to green in colour, with one distinct to good cleavage.

Crystal system
In crystallography, a crystal system is a set of point groups (a group of geometric symmetries with at least one fixed point). A lattice system is a set of Bravais lattices (an infinite array of discrete points). Space groups (symmetry groups of a configuration in space) are classified into crystal systems according to their point groups, and into lattice systems according to their Bravais lattices. Crystal systems that have space groups assigned to a common lattice system are combined into a crystal family.

The seven crystal systems are triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal, and cubic. Informally, two crystals are in the same crystal system if they have similar symmetries (though there are many exceptions).
Orthoretrovirinae
Orthoretrovirinae is a subfamily of viruses belonging to Retroviridae, a family of enveloped viruses that replicate in a host cell through the process of reverse transcription. The subfamily currently includes six genera, of which Lentivirus contains the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These viruses cause a variety of tumors, malignancies and immune deficiency disease in humans and other mammals.

Viral envelope
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from an infected host cell.
John J. Lincoln House
John J. Lincoln House is a historic home located at Elkhorn, McDowell County, West Virginia.  It was built in 1899, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, L-shaped, frame dwelling on a stone foundation. It features a multigabled roofline, half-timber decoration, and a hipped roof wrap-around porch.  Also on the property is a contributing two story I house and hipped roof, clapboard-sided dairy house.  It was built for John J. Lincoln, an influential leader in southern West Virginia's coal mining industry.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

McDowell County, West Virginia
McDowell County is a county in the State of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,111, and was estimated to be 17,147 in 2024.

The county seat and the largest city is Welch. McDowell County is the southernmost county in the state. It was created in 1858 by the Virginia General Assembly and named for Virginia Governor James McDowell. It became a part of West Virginia in 1863, when several Union-affiliated counties seceded from the state of Virginia during the American Civil War. McDowell County is located in the Cumberland Mountains, part of the Appalachia region.

Due mostly to a decline in employment in the coal mining industry, McDowell County's population has decreased from almost 100,000 in 1950 to less than 20,000 in 2020. The people of McDowell County suffer high rates of drug abuse and poverty and have a life expectancy well below the national average.
IndexNow
IndexNow is an open protocol that allows website owners to inform participating search engines directly whenever website content is created, updated, or deleted. The system was introduced by Microsoft Bing and Yandex.

Wix.com
Wix.com Ltd. (Hebrew: וויקס.קום, romanized: wix.com) or simply Wix is an Israeli software company, publicly listed in the US, that provides cloud-based web development services. It offers tools for creating HTML5 websites for desktop and mobile platforms using online drag-and-drop editing. Along with its headquarters and other offices in Israel, Wix also has offices in Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Ireland, Japan, Lithuania, Poland, the Netherlands, the United States, Ukraine, and Singapore.

Users can add applications for social media, e-commerce, online marketing, contact forms, e-mail marketing, and community forums to their websites. The Wix website builder is built on a freemium business model, earning its revenues through premium upgrades. According to the W3Techs technology survey website, Wix was used by 2.5% of websites as of September 2023; at the end of May 2025, it was 3.8%.
Avriani
Avriani was an afternoon daily political newspaper published in Athens and circulated nationwide. During the 1980s and the first half of the 1990s it was among the top-selling newspapers, sometimes surpassing even Ta Nea, which traditionally held the first place.

The newspaper was characterised by shifts in its political line, starting as a publication openly supporting PASOK and ending up on the side of Kostas Karamanlis and Alexis Tsipras, and by highly aggressive criticism of public figures, even going so far as to spread fake news. This character is described by the neologism ‘avrianism’, which characterises extreme populism in the press.

In October 2012 the newspaper closed down, following a walkout by unpaid workers and bankruptcy. A year later, in November 2013, George Kouris launched Kontra News as a continuation of Avriani.

Alter Channel
Alter Channel, better known as Alter, was a private TV channel in Greece. It was launched in 1990 and owned by Eleftheri Tileorasi S.A. and was headed by Andreas Kouris. Alter's programming mainly consisted of news, current affairs shows and entertaining programs.

Alter featured news anchor Nikos Chatzinikolaou, morning show host Giorgos Aftias, and investigative reporter Makis Triantafyllopoulos. Additionally, Alter also aired the award-winning program Fos Sto Tounel, which tracked down missing individuals and solved various crimes. The show also featured a lineup of children's programming that aired daily. In early December 2011, Alter stopped broadcasting due to financial difficulties.
Freegate
Freegate is a software application developed by Dynamic Internet Technology (DIT) that enables internet users to view websites blocked by their governments. The program takes advantage of a range of proxy servers called Dynaweb. This allows users to bypass Internet firewalls that block web sites by using DIT's Peer-to-peer (P2P)-like proxy network system. FreeGate's anti-censorship capability is further enhanced by a new, unique encryption and compression algorithm in the versions of 6.33 and above. Dynamic Internet Technology estimates Freegate had 200,000 users in 2004. The maintainer and CEO of DIT is Bill Xia.

Freegate was one of a dozen circumvention tools evaluated by a Freedom House-funded report based on user experience from China in 2010, which include Hotspot Shield, Tor, and Ultrasurf. The tool is free to download.

Firewall (computing)
In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on configurable security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, such as the Internet or between several VLANs. Firewalls can be categorized as network-based or host-based.
Rozhkov
Rozhkov (Russian: Рожков), or Rozhkova (feminine; Рожкова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anatoli Rozhkov (b. 1972), Russian professional football coach

Andrey Rozhkov (b. 1944), Russian diplomat

Igor Rozhkov (b. 1981), Belarusian professional footballer.

Mikhail Rozhkov (b. 1983), Kazakhstan football player

Nikolai Rozhkov (1868–1927), Russian revolutionary active in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

Pavel Rozhkov (b. 1986), Russian professional football player

Poļina Rožkova (born 1985), Latvian wheelchair curler

Sergei Rozhkov (b. 1972), Russian biathlete

Sergei Rozhkov (footballer) (b. 1943), Soviet football player and Russian coach

Anatoli Rozhkov
Anatoli Viktorovich Rozhkov (Russian: Анатолий Викторович Рожков; born 29 August 1972) is a Russian professional football coach and former goalkeeper. He is the goalkeeping coach of FC Yenisey Krasnoyarsk.
Slav de Hren
Slav de Hren is a Bulgarian musical duo, formed in 2005, whose work combines jazz, rock and classical music. The members are George Marinov, an underground avant-garde guitar player, and Svetoslav Bitrakov, an experienced soft jazz and rock drummer. They have released two albums.

Underground music
Underground music is music with practices perceived as outside, or somehow opposed to, mainstream popular music culture. Underground styles lack the commercial success of popular music movements, and may involve the use of avant-garde or abrasive approaches. Underground music may be perceived as expressing sincerity and creative freedom in opposition to those practices deemed formulaic or market-driven. Tying into broader anti-establishment themes, counterculture music can refer to a web of various nonconforming social groups that distinguish themselves from mainstream society.
R-tree
R-trees are tree data structures used for spatial access methods, i.e., for indexing multi-dimensional information such as geographical coordinates, rectangles or polygons. The R-tree was proposed by Antonin Guttman in 1984 and has found significant use in both theoretical and applied contexts. A common real-world usage for an R-tree might be to store spatial objects such as restaurant locations or the polygons that typical maps are made of: streets, buildings, outlines of lakes, coastlines, etc. and then find answers quickly to queries such as "Find all museums within 2 km of my current location", "retrieve all road segments within 2 km of my location" (to display them in a navigation system) or "find the nearest gas station" (although not taking roads into account). The R-tree can also accelerate nearest neighbor search for various distance metrics, including great-circle distance.

Geographic coordinate system
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. It is the simplest, oldest, and most widely used type of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system, geographic coordinate systems are not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface.

A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location.
California State Games
The California State Games is an annual Olympic-style competition for California's amateur athletes of all ages and abilities. The Games is a member of the National Congress of State Games and of the United States Olympic Committee. Most of the events are held in locations throughout San Diego County (home of one of the USOC's three Olympic Training Center campuses) for both the Winter and Summer competitions. Skiing events held during the 2004 to 2007 Games took place at the June Mountain Ski Area in Mono County on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada.

Amateur
An amateur (from French 'one who loves') is generally considered a person who pursues an avocation independent from their source of income. Amateurs and their pursuits are also described as popular, informal, self-taught, user-generated, DIY, and hobbyist.
Friern Barnet Grammar School
The Friern Barnet Grammar School was a small private day school for boys located on Friern Barnet Road, North London.

It was later absorbed into the co-educational Woodside Park School foundation which was later renamed The North London International School and is today known as The Dwight School London, notably one of the first schools to offer the International Baccalaureate as an alternative to traditional British A-Level studies.

Baron Kershaw
Baron Kershaw, of Prestwich in the County Palatine of Lancaster, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1947 for Fred Kershaw, who later served as a Lord-in-waiting in the Labour government of Clement Attlee. As of 2026 the title is held by his great-grandson, the fifth Baron, who succeeded his father in 2026.
During the 1920's and 1930's Fred Kershaw was instrumental in drafting the rules which set up the system for National Insurance for those who suffered industrial injuries. This bill became law in the 1930's.
He also brought a bill for the provision of free milk for nursing mothers.
His National Insurance Bill then became the basis of the Beverage Report - the forerunner of the National Health Service.
It is for this work in particular, as well as other fields, such as supporting Mary MAcArthur and her holiday homes for working women, that he was made a Peer by clement Attlee in 1947.
Aucassin and Nicolette
Aucassin et Nicolette (12th or 13th century) is an anonymous medieval French fictional story. It is the unique example of a chantefable, literally, a "sung story", a combination of prose and verse (similar to a prosimetrum).

Middle French
Middle French (French: moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the mid-14th to the early 17th centuries. It is a period of transition during which:

the French language became clearly distinguished from the other competing Oïl languages, which are sometimes subsumed within the concept of Old French (l'ancien français)

the French language was imposed as the official language of the Kingdom of France in place of Latin and other Oïl and Occitan languages

the literary development of French prepared the vocabulary and grammar for the Classical French (le français classique) spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries.

It is the first version of French that is largely intelligible to Modern French, contrary to Old French.
Northpoint Bible College
Northpoint Bible College and Seminary is a private Pentecostal Bible college and seminary in Haverhill, Massachusetts. The college's sole purpose is to teach and train students for Pentecostal ministry for the spread of the Christian gospel. It offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in Biblical Studies and Practical Theology. The current President of Northpoint Bible College is Tiff Shuttlesworth.

Association for Biblical Higher Education
The Association for Biblical Higher Education (ABHE), formerly The Accrediting Association of Bible Colleges (AABC) is an evangelical Christian organization of bible colleges in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. It is a member of the International Council for Evangelical Theological Education. The ABHE is interdenominational but requires annual affirmation of a common statement of beliefs. It is headquartered in Orlando, Florida.
Mark Coulton
Mark Maclean Coulton (born 3 February 1958) is an Australian politician. He is a member of the National Party and he served in the House of Representatives from 2007 to 2025, representing the Division of Parkes in New South Wales. He has served as Minister for Regional Health, Regional Communications and Local Government (2020–2021), Minister for Regional Services, Decentralisation and Local Government (2019–2020), Assistant Minister for Trade and Investment (2019–2020), Assistant Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment (2018–2019), and Deputy Speaker of the House (2016–2018).

Gwydir Shire
Gwydir Shire is a local government area located in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. The northern boundary of the Shire is located adjacent to the border between New South Wales and Queensland.

The Shire was established on 17 March 2004, when the Yallaroi, Bingara, and a northern portion of the Barraba shires were merged. The seat of the council is located in the major centre of the area in the town of Bingara. Other major towns include Warialda.

The mayor of the Gwydir Shire Council is Cr. Tiffany Galvin, who is unaligned with any political party.
Robert Smith (Australian Army officer)
Brigadier General Robert Smith, CMG, DSO & Bar, VD (4 September 1881 – 14 July 1928) was an Australian wool merchant and a senior officer in the Australian Army during the First World War.

He was promoted to the command of a brigade in January 1917.

Smith served as president of the Geelong Football Club from 1921–1922.

Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration
The Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was established in 1899 as recognition for long and meritorious service as a part-time commissioned officer in any of the organized military forces of the British Colonies, Dependencies and Protectorates. It superseded the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies in all these territories, but not in the Indian Empire.

In 1930, the decoration, along with the Volunteer Officers' Decoration and the Territorial Decoration, were superseded by the Efficiency Decoration in an effort to standardise recognition across the British Empire.
Balon's ruffe
Balon's ruffe (Gymnocephalus baloni), also known as the Danube ruffe, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a ruffe, from the family Percidae which is native to the drainages of the Danube from delta to Germany and the Dnieper from delta to Kyiv and is expected to occur in the Dniester.  It inhabits areas with sand or mud substrates.  It is active at night and feeds on small invertebrates.  This species can reach a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) SL.  It is named after Polish-Canadian ichthyologist Eugene K. Balon (1930–2013).

Dniester
The Dniester (/ˈniːstər/ NEE-stər) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Ukrainian territory again.