hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marius van der Merwe
Marius van der Merwe (1984 – 5 December 2025), also known by the alias "Vlam" and the codename "Witness D" during his testimony at the Madlanga Commission, was a South African private security company owner, former Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Police Department (EMPD) official, and key whistleblower who provided evidence to the Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Criminality, Political Interference, and Corruption in the Criminal Justice System.

He was assassinated outside his home in Brakpan, Gauteng, on 5 December 2025, shortly after providing critical testimony regarding corruption and police misconduct, particularly within the EMPD. His murder sparked national outrage and condemnation from political parties and civil society, raising urgent concerns about the state of whistleblower protection in South Africa.

City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseKurhuleni; Afrikaans: Ekurhuleni Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Ekurhuleni; Sotho: Masepala wa Toropohadi ya Ekurhuleni) is a metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of the East Rand region of Gauteng, a large suburban region east of Johannesburg. Ekurhuleni means "place of peace" in XiTsonga. Ekurhuleni is one of the five districts of Gauteng and one of the eight metropolitan municipalities of South Africa. The seat of Ekurhuleni is Germiston and the most spoken language is Zulu at 28.6%. The city is home to South Africa's busiest airport, OR Tambo International Airport, which is in the Kempton Park area of Ekurhuleni.
Craniosynostosis-fibular aplasia syndrome
Craniosynostosis-fibular aplasia syndrome (also known as craniosynostosis with fibular aplasia or Lowry syndrome) is a rare syndrome characterized by bicoronal craniosynostosis, absent fibula, cryptorchidism, and bilateral simian creases.

Single transverse palmar crease
In humans, a single transverse palmar crease is a single crease that extends across the palm of the hand, formed by the fusion of the two palmar creases. Although it is found more frequently in persons with several abnormal medical conditions, it is not predictive of any of these conditions since it is also found in persons with no abnormal medical conditions.

This crease is estimated to occur in 1.5-3% of the general population, although it is more common in East Asian and Native American populations.
Kajang (Indonesia)
5°20′S 120°21′E﻿ / ﻿5.333°S 120.350°E﻿ / -5.333; 120.350

Kajang or Kadjang is a district in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. According to the official estimates as at mid 2022, the population was 48,775. Many of the indigenous people retain a pre-Islamic belief system though some practice a syncretic form of Islam.

Syncretism
Syncretism (/ˈsɪŋkrətɪzəm/) is the combining or merging of various distinct beliefs or schools of thought, particularly religious ones. For instance, features and components of one religion are incorporated and absorbed into another. It can include assimilation of several originally discrete traditions, especially in theology and mythology, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to multiple faiths. While syncretism in art and culture is sometimes likened to eclecticism, in the realm of religion, it specifically denotes a more integrated merging of beliefs into a unified system, distinct from eclecticism, which implies a selective adoption of elements from different traditions without necessarily blending them into a new, cohesive belief system.
HITT Production
HITT Production or HITT Müzik & Prodüksiyon is a Turkish record label and production company established by pop singer Tarkan in 1997, in Levent, Beşiktaş, Istanbul.

Besides being Tarkan's record label producing his Turkish album Dudu, it also produced Nazan Öncel's Yan Yana Fotoğraf Çektirelim. The company also functions as a production company, organising video shootings, advertisement filming and concerts. Apart from Tarkan's concerts it arranged the 2007 Harbiye Açıkhava Tiyatrosu (Harbiye Open-Air Theatre) concert series, where such celebrities took stage like Ajda Pekkan, Sibel Can, İbrahim Tatlıses, Levent Yüksel, Özcan Deniz, Serdar Ortaç, Ebru Gündeş, the rock band Duman or world-famous Latin guitarist José Feliciano. As part of the event, renowned Turkish rock stars, including Demir Demirkan, Pamela Spence and Hayko Cepkin performed rock musicals.

Dudu (album)
Dudu is a 2003 extended play album by Tarkan. This was his first album to be released through his own record label, HITT Music. It holds five songs and five remixes.  The sales of the album exceeded 1 million copies worldwide. To support the album, beginning in November 2003 Tarkan gave solo performances in Turkey and other countries. In 2004 as part of Dudu World tour Tarkan visited Austria, Germany, France, United States, Ukraine, Russia, Finland, the Netherlands, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan.
Ayston
Ayston is a village and civil parish in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England. It is about one mile (1.6 km) north-west of Uppingham, close to the junction of the A47 and A6003.  The population of the village was less than 100 at the 2011 census and is included in the civil parish of Ridlington. The placename means Aethelstan's farm or settlement; the estate was granted to Aethelstan, a minister of Edward the Confessor, in 1046.

Ayston is part of Braunston & Belton ward which has one councillor on Rutland County Council.

The Grade II* listed St Mary the Virgin's Church came into the care of Churches Conservation Trust in April 2014.

A47 road
The A47 is a major trunk road in England linking Birmingham to Lowestoft, Suffolk, maintained and operated by National Highways. Most of the section between Birmingham and Nuneaton is now classified as the B4114. From Peterborough eastwards, it is a trunk road. (Sections west of the A1 road have been downgraded as alternative roads have been built.)
Demiri
Demiri is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alajdin Demiri (1954–2019), Albanian politician

Besir Demiri (born 1994), Albanian footballer

Elidon Demiri (born 1979), Albanian football coach and former player

Ertan Demiri (born 1979), Macedonian footballer

Muhamed Demiri (born)

Alajdin Demiri
Alajdin Demiri (Macedonian: Алајдин Демири; December 19, 1954 – April 12, 2019) was an Albanian politician known for his role as mayor of Tetovo in the 1997 unrest in Tetovo and Gostivar for which he was later sentenced to two years in prison.
The Beatles with Tony Sheridan and Their Guests
The Beatles with Tony Sheridan and Their Guests was an American compilation album that included "Cry for a Shadow", an instrumental written and recorded by The Beatles, plus three other recordings with the fledgling group backing fellow British guitarist and vocalist Tony Sheridan.

Old Folks at Home
"Old Folks at Home" (also known as "Swanee River") is an American folk song, written as a minstrel song by Stephen Foster in 1851. Since 1935, it has been the official state song of Florida, although in 2008 the original lyrics were revised. It is Roud Folk Song Index no. 13880.
Forrest Lothrop
Forrest Tisdale "Tiz" Lothrop (June 16, 1924 – May 29, 2021) was an American football coach. Lothrop was the sixth head football coach at Dickinson State College—now known as Dickinson State University–in Dickinson, North Dakota, serving for three seasons, from 1953 to 1955, and compiling a record of 10–10.

Lothrop attended high school in Redfield, South Dakota and played college football at South Dakota State University in Brookings, South Dakota. In 1950, he was appointed head football coach at Beresford High School in Beresford, South Dakota.

He died in Lennox, South Dakota in May 2021 at the age of 96.

South Dakota State University
South Dakota State University (SDSU or SD State) is a public land-grant research university in Brookings, South Dakota, United States. Founded in 1881, it is the state's largest university and is the second oldest continually operating university in the state. The university is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents.

South Dakota State University is a land-grant university founded under the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act. This land-grant heritage and mission has led the university to place a special focus on academic programs in agriculture, engineering, nursing, and pharmacy, as well as liberal arts. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The graduate program is classified as Doctoral, Science, Technology, Engineering, Math dominant.
Johannes Bisse
Johannes Bisse (1935–1984) was a Cuban botanist, born in Germany in 1935 and arrived in Cuba in 1966. He received his doctorate from the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena. He was the founder and first director of the Cuban National Botanic Garden in Havana.

He died in an automobile accident near the garden, shortly after its inauguration. The Encuentro de Botánica "Johannes Bisse in Memoriam", a botanical academic conference, is held every two years in Camagüey, Cuba in honor of his contributions on the field.

Academic conference
An academic conference or scientific conference (also congress, symposium, workshop, or meeting) is an event for researchers (not necessarily academics) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with academic or scientific journals and preprint archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic habitus", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more disciplines.

The first international academic conferences and congresses appeared in 19th century.
Commodity channel index
The commodity channel index (CCI) is an oscillator indicator that is used by traders and investors to help identify price reversals, price extremes and trend strength when using technical analysis to analyse financial markets.

Trader (finance)
A trader is a person, firm, or entity in finance who buys and sells financial instruments, such as forex, cryptocurrencies, stocks, bonds, commodities, derivatives, and mutual funds, indices in the capacity of agent, hedger, arbitrager, or speculator.
Microreboot
Microrebooting is a technique used to recover from failures in crash-only software systems.  Instead of rebooting the whole system, only subsets of fine-grain components are restarted.  The granularity of components is typically finer than the process level (e.g., EJB-level in Java EE systems).

The goal of confining the reboot to fine-grain components is threefold: to reduce the amount of time it takes for the system to return to service, to minimize the failure's disruption to the system and its users, and to preserve as much in-memory application data as possible.

The concept was proposed in 2001 by George Candea and Armando Fox, while the former was a graduate student at Stanford University.  It was initially reduced to practice in systems such as a satellite ground station control system and a Java EE application server; later on it formed the basis of the design of commercial systems like Aster Data Systems nCluster.

Application server
An application server is a server that hosts applications or software that delivers a business application through a communication protocol. For a typical web application, the application server sits behind the web servers.

An application server framework is a service layer model. It includes software components available to a software developer through an application programming interface. An application server may have features such as clustering, fail-over, and load-balancing. The goal is for developers to focus on the business logic.
Multimedia framework
A multimedia framework is a software framework that handles media on a computer and through a network. A good multimedia framework offers an intuitive API and a modular architecture to easily add support for new audio, video and container formats and transmission protocols. It is meant to be used by applications such as media players and audio or video editors, but can also be used to build videoconferencing applications, media converters and other multimedia tools. Data is processed among modules automatically, it is unnecessary for app to pass buffers between connected modules one by one.

In contrast to function libraries, a multimedia framework provides a run time environment for the media processing. Ideally such an environment provides execution contexts for the media processing blocks separated from the application using the framework. The separation supports the independent processing of multimedia data in a timely manner. These separate contexts can be implemented as threads.

Video editing software
Video editing software or a video editor is software used for performing the post-production video editing of digital video sequences on a non-linear editing system (NLE). It has replaced traditional flatbed celluloid film editing tools and analog video tape editing machines.

Video editing software serves a lot of purposes, such as filmmaking, audio commentary, and general editing of video content.

In NLE software, the user manipulates sections of video, images, and audio on a sequence. These clips can be trimmed, cut, and manipulated in many different ways. When editing is finished, the user exports the sequence as a video file.
Oak Ridge, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania
Oak Ridge is an unincorporated community in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located on the south bank of Redbank Creek between Hawthorn and New Bethlehem. Oak Ridge has a post office, with ZIP code 16245.

New Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
New Bethlehem (/nuːˈbɛθ.lʌm/ new-BETH-lum) is a borough in Clarion County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 979 at the 2020 census. The borough is situated at the southwestern corner of the Pennsylvania Wilds Conservation Landscape. Its main street, PA Route 28-66, is a major thoroughfare between the Pittsburgh metropolitan region and northcentral Pennsylvania. The designated tourism agency for Clarion County is Discover Clarion County
St Mary's Church, Pembridge
The Church of St Mary the Virgin, Pembridge, Herefordshire, United Kingdom is an active parish church in the Diocese of Hereford. The church is dedicated to Mary, mother of Jesus. It is a Grade I listed building. Its belfry stands separate from the church and has its own Grade I listing.

Diocese of Hereford
The Diocese of Hereford is a Church of England diocese based in Hereford, covering Herefordshire, southern Shropshire and a few parishes within Worcestershire in England, and a few parishes within Powys and Monmouthshire in Wales. The cathedral is Hereford Cathedral and the bishop is the Bishop of Hereford. The diocese is one of the oldest in England (created in 676 and based on the minor sub-kingdom of the Magonsæte) and is part of the Province of Canterbury.
Addison T. Smith
Addison Taylor Smith (September 5, 1862 – July 5, 1956) was a congressman from Idaho. Smith served as a Republican in the U.S. House for ten terms, from 1913 to 1933.

Born in Cambridge, Ohio, Smith began his political career in 1891 in Washington, D.C. as a secretary for Republican U.S. Senator George L. Shoup of Idaho. He graduated from George Washington University Law School in 1895 and served on Shoup's staff until the senator's 1900 election defeat. In 1903 Smith joined the staff of U.S. Senator Weldon B. Heyburn, another Idaho Republican. Smith also served as secretary of the Idaho Republican Party.

By 1905 Smith established a residence in Idaho at Twin Falls. He was appointed as registrar of the United States Land Office in Boise in 1907.

Cambridge, Ohio
Cambridge (/ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/ KAYM-brij) is a city in Guernsey County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 10,089 at the 2020 census. It lies in the Appalachian Plateau of the Appalachian Mountains in southeastern Ohio. It is the principal city of the Cambridge micropolitan area and is located adjacent to the intersection of Interstates 70 and 77.

Cambridge is well known among glass collectors as being the location for the Cambridge Glass, Boyd Glass and Mosser Glass plants. The Cambridge area is also noted for its S-shaped bridges, dating back to the building of the National Road in 1828.
Ornette!
Ornette! is a studio album by American jazz saxophonist Ornette Coleman, released in February 1962 by Atlantic Records. The album features Scott LaFaro in place of Charlie Haden, who had left the Quartet but would work again with Coleman in the future.

The recording session took place on January 31, 1961, at Atlantic Studios in New York City. Three outtakes from the session, "Proof Readers," "Check Up," and "The Alchemy of Scott LaFaro" would later appear respectively on the 1993 box set Beauty Is A Rare Thing, and on 1970s compilations Twins and The Art of the Improvisers. "Proof Readers" is also included on contemporary CD and digital reissues of the album.

The titles of the compositions are initialisms derived from works by Sigmund Freud: Wit and its Relation to the Unconscious, Totem and Taboo, Civilization and Its Discontents, and the essay Relation of the Poet to Day Dreaming.

Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious
Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious  (German: Der Witz und seine Beziehung zum Unbewußten) is a 1905 book on the psychoanalysis of jokes and humour by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. It was published in German in 1905. The book's title in English is in accordance with the 1960 translation by James Strachey. In some other English translations the work is titled The Joke and Its Relation to the Unconscious or Wit and Its Relation to the Unconscious. In the work, Freud describes the psychological processes and techniques of jokes, which he compares to the processes and techniques of dreamwork and the unconscious. He assesses prior studies on jokes and establishes a characterization of jokes. Freud links these characteristics to psychodynamics and his understanding of the unconscious mind while reconciling new theoretic insights with his 1899 book The Interpretation of Dreams.
Bourg-de-Péage
Bourg-de-Péage (French pronunciation: [buʁ də peaʒ]; Vivaro-Alpine dialect of Occitan: Lo Borg dau Peatge, [lu buɾk ˈdaw peˈad͡ʒe]; Catalan: Lo Peatge de Pisançon) often known as Péage is a commune in the Drôme department in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France. Its inhabitants are called Péageois; in 2017, the population was 10,205.

Mossant
Mossant was a famous brand of hat manufactured in France and well known in the United States for most of the twentieth century. The company was founded by Charles Mossant in the nineteenth century, and by 1929 more than 2,000 hats a day were being produced. Half of them were directly shipped to the U.S.;.

The company’s felt hat production ceased entirely in 1953
Niels-Christian Holmstrøm
Niels-Christian Holmstrøm (born 23 February 1947) is a Danish former football player, manager, chief consultant in Team Danmark and sports director of Danish football club F.C. Copenhagen. Currently he is the chairman of Kjøbenhavns Boldklub and a "special consultant" for F.C. Copenhagen.

In his active career, Holmstrøm played the position of striker, guiding Kjøbenhavns Boldklub to two Danish Championships. He also played professionally for ADO Den Haag and HFC Haarlem in the Netherlands, and French club Girondins de Bordeaux. He played 15 A nationals and scored four goals for the Danish national team.

Danish 1st Division
The 1st Division (1. Division) is the second-highest football league in Denmark, also known as Betinia LIGA for sponsorship reasons. From 1945 to 1991, the 1. Division was the name of the highest level of football in Denmark. With the formation of the Danish Superliga, the 1st Division became the second tier of Danish football. While all the teams in the Superliga are full-time professional the 1. Division has a mixture of full-time professional and semi-professional teams.

The top-ranking teams each year win promotion to the Superliga, while the bottom finishers get relegated to the Danish 2nd Division.

Viaplay broadcasts all matches from the league.
Norman Anil Kumar Browne
Air Chief Marshal Norman Anil Kumar Browne, PVSM, AVSM, VM, ADC also known as "Charlie" Browne, is a former Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) of the Indian Air Force. He served in this position from 31 July 2011 to 31 Dec 2013. Browne served as India's Ambassador to Norway from August 2014 to April 2016.

Vayu Sena Medal
The Vayu Sena Medal (lit. 'Air Force Medal') is a military decoration, usually awarded in peacetime for a job well done in the Indian Air Force. However, it has been granted during times of conflict for acts of gallantry in the face of enemy, though not in the same numbers as the Vir Chakra.

Posthumous awards may be made and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the Vayu Sena Medal.

The VM was established on 17 June 1960 by the President of India and awards have been made from 1961 onwards. Awards over the past decade or more have been classified into two categories. One is Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry) and the other for Vayu Sena Medal (Devotion to Duty).
YellowBrickRoad
YellowBrickRoad is a 2010 American horror film directed by Jesse Holland and Andy Mitton and starring Cassidy Freeman, Anessa Ramsey and Laura Heisler. It is about an expedition to discover the fate of an entire town that disappeared into the wilderness 70 years earlier. Although critical reception was mixed, it won best film at the New York City Horror Film Festival. The costume designer was Robert Eggers.

The film was released as part of the Bloody Disgusting Selects line.

Bloody Disgusting
Bloody Disgusting is an American independent multi-media company, which began as a horror genre-focused news website specializing in information services that covered various horror media. The company expanded into other media including podcast networking, entertainment, and streaming media.
Filip Vujanović
Filip Vujanović (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Филип Вујановић, pronounced [fîlip ʋǔjanɔʋit͡ɕ]; born 1 September 1954) is a Montenegrin politician who served as the 3rd president of the Republic of Montenegro under Serbia and Montenegro from 2003 to 2006, and the 1st president of independent Montenegro from 2006 to 2018.

Montenegrin alphabet
The Montenegrin alphabet is the collective name given to "Abeceda" (Montenegrin Latin alphabet; Абецеда in Cyrillic) and "Азбука" (Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet; Azbuka in Latin), the writing systems used to write the Montenegrin language. It was adopted on 9 June 2009 by the Montenegrin Minister of Education, Sreten Škuletić and replaced the Serbian Cyrillic and Gaj's Latin alphabets in use at the time.

There is a one-to-one correspondence between the two alphabets, and words are usually spelled so that they work in both.

Although the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets enjoy equal status under the Constitution of Montenegro, the government and proponents of the Montenegrin language prefer to use the Latin script exclusively; it is also much more widely used in all aspects of the day-to-day written communication in the country, in education, advertising and media.