hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Age of Stupid
The Age of Stupid is a 2009 British docufiction film directed by Franny Armstrong, with first-time producer Lizzie Gillett. The executive producer is John Battsek. The film is a drama-documentary-animation hybrid. It combines documentary footage from 2008 with Pete Postlethwaite portraying a man living alone in a devastated world of 2055, who asks "Why didn't we stop climate change when we had the chance?"

The makers of The Age of Stupid were among the first to use the crowdfunding model and pioneered a new distribution system, Indie Screenings. It premiered simultaneously on 62 screens across the UK in March 2009, making it a record holder for the largest ever film premiere. Critical reception was generally positive, with reviews commending its message and format.

George Monbiot
George Joshua Richard Monbiot (/ˈmɒnbioʊ/ MON-bee-oh; born 27 January 1963) is an English journalist, author, and environmental and political activist. He writes a regular column for The Guardian and has written several books.

Monbiot grew up in Oxfordshire in a Jewish family and studied zoology at the University of Oxford. He then began a career in investigative journalism, publishing his first book Poisoned Arrows in 1989 about human rights issues in West Papua. In later years, he has been involved in activism and advocacy related to various issues, such as climate change, British politics and loneliness. In Feral (2013), he discussed and endorsed expansion of rewilding. He is the founder of The Land is Ours, a campaign for the right of access to the countryside and its resources in the United Kingdom. Monbiot was awarded the Global 500 in 1995 and the Orwell Prize in 2022.
Cevizdere, Elazığ
Cevizdere is a village of Elazığ District in Elazığ Province in eastern Turkey. Its population is 117 (2021). The village is populated by Kurds and is the village where Dursun Karataş came from. It is on Lake Hazar.

Dursun Karataş
Dursun Karataş (25 March 1952 — 11 August 2008) was a Turkish communist of Zaza Kurd descent. He commanded the revolutionary left and DHKP-C, a group considered to be a terrorist organization in Turkey, the European Union and the USA. The revolutionary left was closed in the 90s due to lack of personnel.
Royal Wasson Sorensen
Royal Wasson Sorensen (April 25, 1882 – October 27, 1965) was the inventor of the vacuum switch, professor of electrical engineering and head of the electrical engineering department at California Institute of Technology, and was also noted for his work in high voltage transmissions and air pollution. Sorensen was also a fellow and president of American Institute of Electrical Engineers and Eminent Member of Eta Kappa Nu.

Eta Kappa Nu
Eta Kappa Nu (ΗΚΝ) or IEEE-HKN is the international honor society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).  Joining HKN is by invitation only. Membership is a lifelong designation for individuals who have distinguished themselves as students or as professionals in electrical engineering, computer engineering, computer science, and other fields of IEEE interest.

Eta Kappa Nu was founded in 1904 as an independent honor society for electrical engineering.  It has expanded its scope through the years and it became an organizational unit within IEEE in 2010. Over 260 collegiate chapters have been chartered worldwide and more than 200,000 members have been elected to membership.
Misawa Security Operations Center
The Misawa Security Operations Center (MSOC), nicknamed Security Hill, is a U.S. military and National Security Agency (NSA) signals intelligence facility located on Misawa Air Base in Misawa, Aomori, Japan. The center's history began in 1953, when the U.S. Air Force 1st Radio Squadron Mobile established a facility at the site. The center expanded in the 1970s, and by the 1980s it employed around 2000 people. As of March 2009, the center monitored “over 8000 signals on 16 targeted satellites”, according to the NSA. As of 2003, the center employed around 900 people.

Misawa, Aomori
Misawa (三沢市, Misawa-shi) is a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2025, the city had an estimated population of 37,065 in 19557 households, and a population density of 310 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 119.87 square kilometers (46.28 sq mi).

Misawa is the location of a large military base, Misawa Air Base, which is under joint operation of the United States Air Force's 35th Fighter Wing, Naval Air Facility, and Japan Air Self-Defense Force's 3rd Fighter Wing. It is also an important US base for signals intelligence and related activities. The city population figures do not include the estimated 10,000 American military personnel and their dependents stationed at Misawa Air Base.
Hafia FC
Hafia Football Club is a football club based in Conakry, Guinea. Founded in 1951, the team was known as Conakry II in the 1960s and won three titles under that name. Hafia have won 15 league titles overall, having dominated in the 1960s and 70s, but their last league title came in 1985. The 1970s were a golden decade for Hafia FC when they dominated African football, winning the African Cup of Champions Clubs three times, in 1972, 1975 and 1977. It promoted some great talents as Papa Camara, Bengally Sylla, Abdoulaye Keita, Chérif Souleymane, Petit Sory, Mamadou Aliou Kéïta.

In early 2021 construction began on the new stadium "Stade Petit Sory" named after Hafia FC legend Petit Sory.

Conakry
Conakry (/ˈkɒnəkri/ KON-ə-kree, French: [kɔnakʁi]; Susu: Kɔnakiri; N'Ko: ߞߐߣߊߞߙߌ߫, romanized: Kɔnakrí; Fula: 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭, romanized: Konaakiri) is the capital and largest city of Guinea. A port city, it serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea. Its population as of the 2026 Guinea census was 3,407,327.

The population of Conakry is difficult to ascertain. The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of African Affairs has estimated it at 2 million, or one-sixth of the country's population.
Orley Farm (novel)
Orley Farm is a novel written in the realist mode by Anthony Trollope (1815–82), and illustrated by the Pre-Raphaelite artist John Everett Millais. It was first published in monthly shilling parts by the London publisher Chapman and Hall. Although the novel appeared to have undersold (possibly because the shilling part was being overshadowed by magazines such as The Cornhill that offered a variety of stories and poems in each issue), Orley Farm was later named by Trollope as his personal favourite among his novels. George Orwell said the book contained "one of the most brilliant descriptions of a lawsuit in English fiction."

The Orley Farm property depicted in the book was based on a farm in Harrow, London once owned by the Trollope family. The real-life farm became a school that was originally designated as a feeder school to Harrow. It was renamed Orley Farm School after the novel, with Trollope's permission.

Anthony Trollope
Anthony Trollope (/ˈtrɒləp/ TROL-əp; 24 April 1815 – 6 December 1882) was an English novelist and civil servant of the Victorian era. Among the best-known of his 47 novels are two series of six novels each collectively known as the Chronicles of Barsetshire and the Palliser novels, as well as his longest novel, The Way We Live Now. His novels address political, social, and gender issues and other topical matters. He also wrote an autobiography, a book on William Makepeace Thackeray, a book on Lord Palmerston, five travel books, and 42 short stories.

Trollope's literary reputation dipped during the last years of his life, but he regained somewhat of a following by the mid-20th century.
Hafstað
Hafstað is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Karin Hafstad (1936–2019), Norwegian politician

Lawrence R. Hafstad (1904–1993), American electrical engineer

Thomas Hafstad (born 1974), Norwegian footballer

Tobias Hafstad (born 2002), Norwegian footballer

Valgerður Hafstað (1930–2011), Icelandic painter

Lawrence R. Hafstad
Lawrence Randolph Hafstad (June 18, 1904 – October 12, 1993) was an American electrical engineer and physicist notable for his pioneering work on nuclear reactors and development of proximity fuzes. In 1939, he created the first nuclear fission reaction in the United States.
Buddy Roemer
Charles Elson "Buddy" Roemer III (October 4, 1943 – May 17, 2021) was an American politician, investor, and banker who served as the 52nd governor of Louisiana from 1988 to 1992, and as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1988. In March 1991, while serving as governor, Roemer switched affiliation from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.

Roemer was a candidate for the presidential nominations of the Republican Party and the Reform Party  in 2012. He withdrew from those contests and sought the 2012 Americans Elect presidential nomination until that group announced it would not field a candidate in 2012 because no candidate reached the required minimum threshold of support to be listed on its ballot. Roemer eventually endorsed Libertarian Gary Johnson, former governor of New Mexico, for president in the 2012 general election.

Roemer served on the Advisory Council of Represent.Us, a nonpartisan anti-corruption organization.

Nonpartisanship
Nonpartisanship, also known as nonpartisanism, is a lack of affiliation with a political party and a lack of political bias.

While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of partisan includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict antonym of "partisan".
Shimizu Park
Shimizu Park (清水公園) is a privately owned park located in Noda City in north-eastern Chiba
prefecture about 65 kilometers north of Tokyo. It is located 200 meters west-north-west of 
Shimizu-kōen Station on the Tōbu Urban Park Line, which is roughly 30 km east of its terminus in central Saitama city.

This park is renowned for its cherry blossoms, boasting over two thousand cherry blossoms 
in fifty varieties. Many of those bloom in late March or April 
when an annual Cherry Blossom Festival is held. In 1990 Shimizu Park was selected by the 
Japan Sakura Association as one of Japan's Top 100 Cherry Blossom Spots.
Plum trees and azalea plants also abound. Each February a plum festival is held and 
later in spring an azalea festival follows.

Saitama (city)
Saitama (さいたま市, Saitama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Its area incorporates the former cities of Urawa, Ōmiya, Yono and Iwatsuki. It is a city designated by government ordinance. As of 1 February 2021, the city had an estimated population of 1,324,854, and a population density of 6,093 people per km2 (15,781 people per sq mi). Its total area is 217.43 square kilometres (83.95 sq mi).
Elateia (Thessaly)
Elateia or Elatia (Ancient Greek: Ἐλάτεια) was a town in Pelasgiotis in ancient Thessaly, described by Livy, along with Gonnus, as situated in the pass leading to the Vale of Tempe. Elateia is called Iletia by Pliny the Elder, and Iletium or Iletion (Ἰλέτιον) by Ptolemy. It is mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium under its right name.

Its site in unlocated.

Vale of Tempe
The Vale of Tempe or Tembi (/ˈtɛmpi/; Greek: Τέμπη, Κοιλάδα των Τεμπών; Ancient Greek: Τέμπεα, Τέμπη) is a gorge in the Tempi municipality of northern Thessaly, Greece, located between Olympus to the north and Ossa to the south, and between the regions of Thessaly and Macedonia.

In the Greek municipality of Tempi, the valley is ten kilometers long and as narrow as 25 metres in places, with cliffs nearly 500 metres high. Through it flows the Pineios River on its way to the Aegean Sea. Historically the gorge has provided a strategic route through the mountains and its impressive rugged beauty is poetically renowned.
Kalwas
Kalwas is a village located in Taranagar subdistrict, Churu district, Rajasthan, India which is situated on the road between Taranagar and Sahawa. As of 2011 it had 528 households and a population of 2,884.

Churu district
Churu district is a district of the northern Indian state of Rajasthan. Churu lies in the Sekhawati region of northern Rajasthan and shares boundaries with the Hanumangarh District to the north, the Haryana state to the east, the Jhunjhunu and Sikar districts to the southeast, the Nagaur District to the south, and the Bikaner District to the west.

The district has an area of approximately 16,830 km2, with a road length of 1901 km. As of 2011, the population of the district was approximately 2,039,547. The gender ratio is 938 females per 1,000 males; literacy among residents is 67.46%. There are 8 tehsils in the district: Churu,  Sidhmukh, Ratangarh, Taranagar, Rajgarh, Sardarshahar, Sujangarh, Bidasar. The major crops include bajra and guar.
Pissing in a River
"Pissing in a River" is a rock song written by Patti Smith and Ivan Král, and released as a lead single from the Patti Smith Group's 1976 album Radio Ethiopia.

The song was featured in both the 1980 movie Times Square and the 1997 independent film All Over Me. Nick Hornby describes "Pissing in a River" as one of 31 songs that have provided a soundtrack to his life. It is featured in Episode 3 of Series 2 of the British TV series Clique and in the pilot episode of the 2022 Apple+ TV series Shining Girls. It also appears on Smith's compilations Land and iTunes Originals.

Tori Amos references the song in the track "Space Dog" included in her second studio album Under the Pink.

Times Square (1980 film)
Times Square is a 1980 American drama film directed by Allan Moyle and starring Trini Alvarado and Robin Johnson as teenage runaways from opposite sides of the tracks and Tim Curry as a radio DJ. The film is set in New York City. The plot embodies a punk rock ethic of misunderstood youth articulating their frustrations toward adult authority through music.
Tuen Mun Road
Tuen Mun Road (Chinese: 屯門公路) is a major expressway in Hong Kong which connects Tuen Mun with Tsuen Wan, within the New Territories. It is part of Hong Kong's Route 9, which circumnavigates the New Territories. Opened in 1978, it was once the major trunk route linking the northwest New Territories to urban Kowloon and is known for its frequent traffic jams and road accidents owing to its early design and heavy usage. As a result, speed limits have been enforced to 70–80 km/h (45–50 mph) due to geometric constraints.

So Kwun Wat
So Kwun Wat, commonly pronounced So Kwun Fat, is an area on the south coast of the western mainland New Territories in Hong Kong. The proper So Kwun Wat is a populated area in the valley between Siu Lam and Sam Shing Hui. It includes So Kwun Tan (掃管灘) on the shore, which is a residential area, Hong Kong Gold Coast (香港黃金海岸), with villas on Pearl Island (龍珠島) off the coast.

Administratively, the area belongs to Tuen Mun District. Northwest of So Kwun Tan is the Perowne Camp (寶龍軍營 or 掃管軍營).
Benny Benson
John Ben Benson Jr. (September 12, 1912 – July 2, 1972) was an Alaska Native best known for designing the flag of Alaska. Benson was 14 years old when he won a contest in 1927 to design the flag for the Territory of Alaska, which became a U.S. state on January 3, 1959.

Territory of Alaska
The Territory of Alaska or Alaska Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from August 24, 1912, until Alaska was granted statehood on January 3, 1959. The territory was previously Russian America, 1784–1867; the Department of Alaska, 1867–1884; and the District of Alaska, 1884–1912.
Vikentij Makušev
Vikentij Makušev (Russian: Викентий Васильевич Макушев) (1837—1883) was a Russian Slavist and Albanologist. He is best known because of his works about Dubrovnik.

He was born on 10 November 1837 in Brest Litovsk. His father was military engineer. His mother died in 1847 of cholera. In period between 1856 and 1860 he studied at University of Petrograd. In January 1863 Makušev was appointed as Russian consul in Dubrovnik where he spent five years researching archives of Dubrovnik.

Makušev was a professor at University of Warsaw. In Warsaw in 1871 he published his work "Historical researches on the Slavs in Albania in the Middle Ages" in which he presented the result of his research of over three thousand historical documents he studied in archives of Venice, Naples, Palermo, Milan and Ancona. The archival data he collected in archives in Italia is of great importance for the history of south Slavs. Makušev was described as Bulgarophile.

Slavic studies
Slavic (American English) or Slavonic (British English) studies, also known as Slavistics, is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic peoples, languages, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist or Slavicist was primarily a linguist or philologist researching Slavistics. Increasingly, historians, social scientists, and other humanists who study Slavic cultures and societies have been included in this rubric.

In the United States, Slavic studies is dominated by Russian studies. Ewa Thompson, a professor of Slavic studies at Rice University, described the situation of non-Russian Slavic studies as "invisible and mute".
Pratap Karn
Pratap Karn (c.1451-c.1469) was Nagvanshi king in 15th century.

According to Nag vanshavali written by Beniram Mahata,
during reign of Pratap Karn, king of Sandhya, Tamar, ghatwar kings rebelled. The king of Tamar indulged in plunder and loot. He seized fort of Nagvanshi king in Khukhragarh. Pratap Karn sought help of chief Baghdeo of Khayaragarh. Khayaragarh was capital of Khayaravala dynasty. Baghdeo was made Fauzdar of Karra Pargana and he suppressed the rebellion in Tamar. The son of king of Tamar made king of Karnpura but he did not paid tax for three years. Baghdeo was sent to Karnpura to extract tax. Baghdeo defeated king of Kapardeo and killed him. He also destroyed their fort Mahudigarh. Then He declared himself king of Karnpura. For this help Pratap Karn declared Baghdeo as King of Karnpura which gives rise to Ramgarh Raj. After Pratap Karn, Chhatra Karn became king of Nagvansh.

Khayaravala dynasty
The Khayaravala dynasty, was a tribal kingdom that ruled parts of the present-day Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand, during the 11th and 12th centuries. Their capital was located at Khayaragarh in Shahabad district. The dynasty ruled the Japila territory (now Japla) as feudatories of the Gahadavala dynasty of Varanasi. This is demonstrated by inscriptions which show land grants being made to the Khayaravalas.
1951 Men's European Volleyball Championship
The 1951 Men's European Volleyball Championship, the third edition of the event, was organized by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Paris, France from September 12 to September 22, 1951.

Men's European Volleyball Championship
The Men's European Volleyball Championship (EuroVolley) is the official competition for senior men's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). The initial gap between championships was variable, but since 1975 they have been awarded every two years. The current champion is Poland, which won its second title at the 2023 tournament.
The Exclusives (TV series)
The Exclusives is a British reality competition television series that debuted on ITV2 on 17 May 2012. The show follows six aspiring journalists, Hayley, Stuart, Sunny, Felix, Ellie and Christopher, competing to win their dream job with one of Britain's most famous magazines. On 23 August 2012, it was confirmed that The Exclusives had been cancelled by ITV2.

ITV2
ITV2 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned by ITV plc. It was launched on 7 December 1998. For a number of years, it had the largest audience share after the five analogue terrestrial stations, a claim now held by its sister service ITV3 both of which are freely available to a majority of households.

The channel is primarily aimed at the 16–34 age group, similar to BBC Three and E4, and is known for American programming such as adult animations Family Guy, American Dad! and Bob's Burgers; repeats of recently aired episodes of soap operas and other entertainment programming from ITV such as Coronation Street, Emmerdale and Catchphrase; original comedy such as Celebrity Juice and Plebs; and reality formats such as Big Brother and Love Island.
HMY Royal Escape
HMY Royal Escape was a royal yacht owned by King Charles II. She was the former collier Surprise that had carried the king across the Channel to safety.

King Charles took passage on Surprise after the defeat of the royalist cause in 1651, narrowly avoiding pursuing Parliamentarian forces. He arrived safely in France, where he lived in exile until the Restoration in 1660. On his return Charles purchased the ship he had travelled on, naming her after his escape from England nearly a decade before. He kept her moored close to his palace, showing her to visitors. The ship remained on the Navy Lists for many years, being sold finally in 1750, although several other vessels continued the name until 1877.

Royal yacht
A royal yacht is a vessel commissioned for the exclusive use of a monarch or a royal family. If the monarch is an emperor the proper term is imperial yacht. Most of them are financed by the government of the country of which the monarch is head. The royal yacht is most often crewed by personnel from the navy and used by the monarch and their family on both private and official travels.

While some historical examples were privately funded, the majority of modern royal yachts are financed and maintained by the government of the country the monarch rules.
Mynydd Gartheiniog
Mynydd Gartheiniog is a mountain in southern Snowdonia, Wales. It is a long ridge running south from the cliff of Craig Portas above Dinas Mawddwy and parallel to Mynydd Dolgoed which lies to the west.

The Gartheiniog slate quarry sits on its eastern flank, and was served by the Hendre-Ddu Tramway.

It is one of the Dyfi hills.

Gartheiniog quarry
Gartheiniog quarry was a slate quarry served by the Hendre Ddu Tramway. It is located about a mile west of Aberangell in Merioneth (now Gwynedd), North Wales near the confluence of the Nant Maesygamfa and the Afon Angell. It worked the Narrow Vein, the highest-quality slate vein in the Abercorris Group.
Sunan (Indonesian title)
Sunan is the shorter version of "Susuhunan", both used as an honorific on the island of Java, Indonesia.

According to Hamka in his book Dari Perbendaharaan Lama, the word is derived from a Javanese word for position (susunan) of hands in reverential salutation, done with hands pressed together, palms touching and fingers pointed upwards, and bowing. This arrangement which has some similarities with Indian "namaste" is called "sembah", which is used to honor and praise. From this "Susuhunan" can mean someone to give the "susunan"/"sembah" to a revered person. Another word for "Susuhunan" is "Sesembahan".

This title is given by the Javanese and Sundanese to rulers, clerics, and even deities. A common usage is for the 'Sunans', or the Nine Saints (Wali Songo), who were the spreaders of Islam in Java. Also, Sunan Ambu (Queen Mother/Goddess Mother) is a female deity revered by the Sundanese.

Hamka
Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah, better known by his pen name Hamka (17 February 1908 – 24 July 1981), was an Indonesian ʿālim, philosopher, writer, novelist, lecturer, politician and journalist.

First affiliated with the Masyumi Party, until it was disbanded due to connection to the PRRI rebellion, Hamka was jailed because he was close to other PRRI members. He also served as the inaugural chief cleric of the Indonesian Ulema Council, and was active in Muhammadiyah until he died. Al-Azhar University and Malaysian National University both granted him honorary doctorates, while Moestopo University of Jakarta appointed him a Distinguished Professor.

Hamka is further honoured by being the namesake of Hamka Muhammadiyah University in Jakarta, and is named an Indonesian National Hero.