hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Criticism of Marxism
Criticism of Marxism has come from various political ideologies, campaigns and academic disciplines. This includes general intellectual criticism about dogmatism, a lack of internal consistency, criticism related to materialism (both philosophical and historical), arguments that Marxism is a type of historical determinism or that it necessitates a suppression of individual rights, issues with the implementation of communism and economic issues such as the distortion or absence of price signals and reduced incentives.

In addition, critics have raised empirical and epistemological concerns, arguing that Marxism relies on vague or unfalsifiable theories, resists refutation through dialectical reinterpretation, and has failed key predictions about capitalist collapse and socialist revolution.

Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Formerly applied primarily to economic, political, or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, more recent use treats the term as mainly condemnatory.

The term was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher, who conceived it in 1796 as the "science of ideas" to develop a rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational impulses of the mob. In political science, the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to political belief systems.
Arjowiggins
Arjowiggins was an independent paper manufacturer which at one time had mills in England, Scotland, France and the US. The company was liquidated in 2019, and several brands were acquired by Fedrigoni and Antalis  among others.

Chartham
Chartham is a village and civil parish in the Canterbury district of Kent, England. It is situated on the Ashford side of the city, and is in the North Downs area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, 2.3 mi (4 km) south west of Canterbury, England. The Great Stour Way path passes through the village. A paper mill in the village that had specialised in the production of tracing paper since 1938 has in 2022 closed down. There are numerous arable farms and orchards in the parish. The village has an unstaffed station, Chartham, and has recently upgraded its staffed level crossing to an automatic barrier.  It has an outlying locality sharing in many of the community resources, Chartham Hatch. Its current Lord Mayor is Gary Dodd.

Nearby communities are Harbledown and Rough Common, Blean, and to the north Thanington.
Sea Monsters: A Prehistoric Adventure
Sea Monsters: A Prehistoric Adventure (also called Sea Monsters) is a 2007 American IMAX 3D documentary film by National Geographic, about prehistoric marine reptiles. It alternates modern-day sequences about the work of scientists studying the animals with computer-animated scenes depicting the prehistoric past.

Sea Monsters was well received by critics. The tie-in video game, however, was heavily criticized.

Squalicorax
Squalicorax, commonly known as the crow shark, is a genus of extinct lamniform shark known to have lived during the Cretaceous period. The genus had a global distribution in the Late Cretaceous epoch. Multiple species within this genus are considered to be wastebasket taxa due to morphological similarities in the teeth.
Lavern Roach
Raymond "Lavern" Roach (February 22, 1925 – February 23, 1950) was a boxer from the small Texas town of Plainview, who was Ring Magazine's Rookie-of-the-Year in 1947.  Lavern had a winning record and was considered an up-and-coming contender until his sudden death.  Lavern sustained a fatal head injury during a boxing match and died the next day due to a subdural hemorrhage.  He was the first boxing casualty of 1950.

Plainview, Texas
Plainview is a city in and the county seat of Hale County, Texas, United States.  The population was 20,187 at the 2020 census.  The town is home to Wayland Baptist University. The Downtown Plainview Commercial Historic District is a business center for the high plains regions, with cafes and parks.
Car Tunes
The Sharon, Lois & Bram Car Tunes collection is a set of mini-cassette recordings released by the Canadian children's music trio Sharon, Lois & Bram in 1989 and 1990; some were re-released in 1995. It is the largest collection of music in the trio's repertoire. The collection consists of "mid-price[d] mini-tapes for children and their families." It contains a total of eight cassettes released under their own Elephant Records label. Each cassette contains between ten and twenty songs, all from previous Sharon, Lois & Bram albums. Each cassette has a central theme.

Mini-Cassette
The Mini-Cassette, often written minicassette, is a magnetic tape analog audio cassette format introduced by Philips in 1967.

It is used primarily in dictation machines and was also employed as a data storage for the Philips P2000 home computer. In 2021, it was reported that Phillips still listed mini-cassette players along with new mini-cassette tapes on its website. As of May 2025, both are still listed.
Fiaschi
Fiaschi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

César Fiaschi (1891–1954), Argentine film actor

Eleonora Elisa Fiaschi Tennant (1893–1963), Australian political activist

Emilio Fiaschi (1858–1941), Italian sculptor

Thomas Fiaschi (1855–1927), Italian-Australian military surgeon

Thomas Fiaschi
Thomas Henry Fiaschi (Italian: Tommaso Enrico Fiaschi; 31 May 1853 – 17 April 1927) was an Italian-Australian surgeon. He served with both Italian and Australian armed forces, seeing active service as a military surgeon in the First Italo-Ethiopian War, the Second Boer War, and World War I.
Geoffry Smith
Christianity portal

Geoffry Bertram Smith (28 June 1889 – 23 July 1957) was an Anglican priest, most notably Archdeacon of Surrey from 1955 until his death.

Smith was educated at Blundell's School. He entered Britannia Royal Naval College in 1904; and retired with the rank of Captain. He trained for the priesthood at Westcott House, Cambridge and began his ecclesiastical career with a curacy at Headley, Hampshire. He was a Chaplain in the RNVR during World War II.  He was Vicar of Tilford, Surrey from 1945 to 1955; and Rural Dean of Farnham, Surrey from 1954 to 1955.

Tilford
Tilford is a village and civil parish centred at the point where the two branches of the River Wey merge in Surrey, England, 3 miles (4.8 km) south-east of Farnham. It has half of Charleshill, Elstead in its east, a steep northern outcrop of the Greensand Ridge at Crooksbury Hill on Crooksbury Common in the north and Farnham Common (woodland) Nature Reserve in the west, which has the Rural Life Living Museum. As the Greensand Ridge in its western section is in two parts, the Greensand Way has a connecting spur here to its main route running east–west to the south.
1997 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
Pete Sampras defeated Cédric Pioline in the final, 6–4, 6–2, 6–4 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1997 Wimbledon Championships. It was his fourth Wimbledon title and tenth major title overall.

Richard Krajicek was the defending champion, but lost in the fourth round to Tim Henman.

This tournament marked the final major appearances of 1987 champion Pat Cash and 1991 champion Michael Stich.

This was the second year in Wimbledon history, after 1991, where there was play on the Middle Sunday, due to bad weather in the first week. The standout match on the Middle Sunday was the epic third-round match where home favourite Tim Henman defeated Paul Haarhuis, 6–7(7–9), 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 14–12 after saving a match point in the fifth set.

Michael Stich
Michael Detlef Stich (German pronunciation: [ˈmɪçaʔeːl ˈʃtɪç] ⓘ; born 18 October 1968) is a German former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 2 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), achieved in 1993, and No. 9 in men's doubles, achieved in 1991. Stich won 18 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including the 1991 Wimbledon Championships, as well as the 1993 ATP Tour World Championships and the 1992 Grand Slam Cup. He also won ten doubles titles, including the men's doubles title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships, partnering John McEnroe, and the gold medal in men's doubles 1992 Barcelona Olympics, partnering Boris Becker. Stich was part of the victorious German team at the 1993 Davis Cup, and was also the singles runner-up at the 1994 US Open and the 1996 French Open.
Dean Mellway
Dean Mellway  is a Canadian former Paralympic athlete. He won medals for Canada at the 1994 Winter Paralympics and 1998 Winter Paralympics for sledge hockey, and at the 1976 Summer Paralympics in men's snooker.

1998 Winter Paralympics
The 1998 Winter Paralympics (Japanese: 1998年冬季パラリンピック, Hepburn: 1998-Nen Tōki Pararinpikku), the seventh Paralympic Winter Games, were held alongside the Winter Olympics in Nagano, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, from 5 to 14 March 1998. They were the first Paralympic Winter Games to be held in Asia. 571 athletes competed in Nagano; as of 2022 it remains the highest number of athletes competing at any Winter Paralympics.
Margarita F.C.
Margarita Fútbol Club is a Venezuelan football team based in Pampatar, Nueva Esparta. Margarita currently play in the Venezuelan Segunda División, the second division in Venezuelan football. The club was founded in 2011, and plays their home games at Estadio Ciudad, a 4,500 seat stadium in Pampatar.

Liga FUTVE 2
Segunda División, officially known as Liga FUTVE 2, is the men's second professional football division of the Venezuelan football league system.

The Venezuelan second division was established in 1979.
Sergey Kozhevnikov
Sergey Kozhevnikov (Cyrillic: Сергей Кожевников; born 12 May 1970) is a retired Russian athlete who specialised in the 800 metres. He represented his country at one outdoor and two indoor World Championships.

His personal bests in the event are 1:46.25 outdoors (Tula 2001) and 1:46.13 indoors (Vienna 2002).

Russian alphabet
The Russian alphabet is the writing system used to write the Russian language.

The modern Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters: twenty consonants (⟨б⟩, ⟨в⟩, ⟨г⟩, ⟨д⟩, ⟨ж⟩, ⟨з⟩, ⟨к⟩, ⟨л⟩, ⟨м⟩, ⟨н⟩, ⟨п⟩, ⟨р⟩, ⟨с⟩, ⟨т⟩, ⟨ф⟩, ⟨х⟩, ⟨ц⟩, ⟨ч⟩, ⟨ш⟩, ⟨щ⟩), ten vowels (⟨а⟩, ⟨е⟩, ⟨ё⟩, ⟨и⟩, ⟨о⟩, ⟨у⟩, ⟨ы⟩, ⟨э⟩, ⟨ю⟩, ⟨я⟩), a semivowel / consonant (⟨й⟩), and two modifier letters or "signs" (⟨ъ⟩, ⟨ь⟩) that alter pronunciation of a preceding consonant or a following vowel.
Czech Sport Aircraft
Czech Sport Aircraft, a.s. (successor of Czech Aircraft Works) is an aircraft manufacturer based in the Czech Republic. Czech Sport Aircraft company formally entered the market in 2009.

In 2011 the company's aircraft line included the amphibious Mermaid, the SportCruiser and the streamlined Parrot, but from 2012 only the SportCruiser and PS-28 Cruiser have been produced. In June 2017 produced its 600th aircraft.

CZAW manufactured Zenair's Zenith STOL CH701 aircraft under license until the agreement was concluded in December 2006.

Zenair
Zenair Ltd is a Canadian kit aircraft producer founded by aeronautical engineer Chris Heintz and based in Midland, Ontario.

44°41′28″N 79°55′58.75″W﻿ / ﻿44.69111°N 79.9329861°W﻿ / 44.69111; -79.9329861
Stupify
"Stupify" is a song by American heavy metal band Disturbed. It was released on April 12, 2000, as the first single from their debut album, The Sickness. It peaked at No. 12 on the United States Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and No. 10 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song was used in an English adaptation of the Dragon Ball Z movie, Lord Slug, in the trailer for the film Swimfan, and remixed for the movie Little Nicky as "Stupify (Fu's Forbidden Little Nicky Remix)", and even Little Scarlet.

Little Nicky
Little Nicky is a 2000 American dark fantasy comedy film directed by Steven Brill, written by Tim Herlihy, Adam Sandler, and Brill, and starring Sandler in the title role, Patricia Arquette, Harvey Keitel, Tommy "Tiny" Lister Jr., Rhys Ifans, and Rodney Dangerfield with supporting roles by Allen Covert, Kevin Nealon, Jon Lovitz, Michael McKean, and Quentin Tarantino. The film depicts the son of Satan and an angel who is tasked with returning his two brothers to Hell and preventing them from destroying the boundary between good and evil on Earth. Little Nicky was released by New Line Cinema on November 10, 2000. The film received negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing $58 million against an $80–85 million budget.
Radio Republike Srpske
Radio Republike Srpske or Radio RS is the entity-level public radio channel operated by Radio Televizija Republike Srpske (RTRS). Its headquarters are located in Banja Luka.

This radio station broadcasts a variety of programs, including news, music, talk shows and sports. The program is broadcast 24 hours per day in the Serbian language.

Confederal entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The confederal entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina – the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and Republika Srpska (RS) – were created by the Dayton Agreement in December 1995. The condominium of the two entities, the Brčko District, was established in 1999.

The vast majority of the population in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Bosniaks and Croats. In contrast, in Republika Srpska, the vast majority are Serbs. Due to the entities' significant power and political differences, Bosnia and Herzegovina is described as a confederation.
Jason Twist
Jason "Tornado" Twist (28 March 1968 – 14 May 2023) was a four-time world champion English professional player of eight-ball pool. He won the WEPF World Championship (world rules) twice, in 2000 and 2002, and also the IPA World Professional Seniors (over-40) Championship (blackball rules) twice, in 2015 beating Roger Demortier (France), and also in 2016 beating Jeremy Hooper (Cornwall, England).

He also won three European titles and represented the England national pool team from 1989 to 2009, winning 12 world team titles, making 16 world titles in total. He reached the world finals four times more in 1995, 2003, 2008, and 2015, but lost to Daz Ward, Chris Melling, Gareth Potts, and Jack Whelan, respectively.

Twist lived in the North Devon coastal town of Ilfracombe.

Ilfracombe
Ilfracombe (/ˈɪlfrəkuːm/ IL-frə-koom) is a seaside resort and civil parish on the North Devon coast, England, with a small harbour surrounded by cliffs.

The parish stretches along the coast from the 'Coastguard Cottages' in Hele Bay toward the east and 4 miles (6 km) along the Torrs to Lee Bay toward the west. The resort is hilly and the highest point within the parish boundary is 'Hore Down Gate', 2 miles (3 km) inland and 860 feet (270 m) above sea level.

The landmark of Hillsborough Hill dominates the harbour and the site of an Iron Age fortified settlement. In the built environment, the architectural-award-winning Landmark Theatre has a distinctive double-conical design. The 13th-century parish church, Holy Trinity, and the St Nicholas's Chapel (a lighthouse) on Lantern Hill, have been joined by Damien Hirst's statue of Verity as points of interest.
Hilda Martin
Hilda C. Martin (June 16, 1934 – October 26, 1995) was an American politician from Maine. Martin, a Democrat, served in the Maine House of Representatives from 1981 to 1994. She was a resident of Van Buren, Maine.

Van Buren, Maine
Van Buren is a town on the Saint John River in Aroostook County, Maine, United States; located across from Saint-Leonard, New Brunswick, Canada. The population was 2,038 at the 2020 census. It is named after U.S. President Martin Van Buren.
Joseph Anderson (American football)
Joseph Anderson (born November 21, 1988) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Chicago Bears after going undrafted in the 2012 NFL draft. He played college football for the Louisiana Tech Bulldogs and Texas Southern Tigers.

He was also a member of the Philadelphia Eagles, New York Jets and Montreal Alouettes.

Texas Southern Tigers football
The Texas Southern Tigers are the college football team representing Texas Southern University, a historically black university (HBCU) in Houston. The Tigers play in the NCAA's Division I FCS as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC), a conference whose members are all HBCUs. In 2012, the Tigers moved into the new Shell Energy Stadium in East Downtown, built for the city's Major League Soccer team, the Houston Dynamo.  It replaced Delmar Stadium as the primary home of Tiger football.
Organ Symphony No. 3 (Vierne)
The Organ Symphony No. 3 (Troisième symphonie pour grand orgue) in F-sharp minor, Op. 28, is an organ symphony by Louis Vierne. He composed it in 1911, and it was first performed in March 1912. It was first published by Éditions Durand the same year. It has been described as the most inspired and best structured of his six organ symphonies.

Carus-Verlag
Carus-Verlag is a German music publisher founded in 1972 and based in Stuttgart.

Carus was founded by choral conductor Günter Graulich and his wife Waltraud with an emphasis on choral repertoire. As of January 2016 the catalogue includes more than 26,000 works.

The company produces the standard editions of the complete works of Josef Rheinberger and Max Reger.
Yarkoni
Yarkoni is a Hebrew toponymic surname signifying someone associated Yarkon River.

Amos Yarkoni, Israeli singer

Ravit Yarkoni, Israeli beauty queen and model

Yafa Yarkoni, Israeli Bedouin IDF officer

Yafa Yarkoni
Yafa Yarkoni (Hebrew: יפה ירקוני, also Yaffa Yarqoni, 24 December 1925 – 1 January 2012) was an Israeli singer. She won the Israel Prize in 1998 for her contributions to Hebrew music. She was dubbed Israel's "songstress of the wars" due to her frequent performances for Israel Defense Forces soldiers, especially in wartime.
Naka River (Saitama Tokyo)
35°39′37″N 139°51′00″E﻿ / ﻿35.660321°N 139.849917°E﻿ / 35.660321; 139.849917

The Naka River (中川, Naka-gawa) is a river that flows from Hanyu, Saitama to Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan, where it merges with the Arakawa River. It is 83.7 kilometres (52.0 mi) long.

Hanyū, Saitama
Hanyū (羽生市, Hanyū-shi) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2021, the city had an estimated population of 54,304 in 23,487 households and a population density of 930 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 58.64 square kilometres (22.64 sq mi).
Joseph Vézina
François-Joseph Vézina (June 11, 1849 in Quebec City – October 5, 1924 in Quebec City) was a Quebec conductor, composer, organist and music professor. Vézina is buried in the Cimetière Notre-Dame-de-Belmont in Sainte-Foy.

Organist
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.
Bushido Blade 2
Bushido Blade 2 is a 1998 fighting video game developed by Lightweight and published by Square for the PlayStation. It is the sequel to Bushido Blade, which had been released the previous year. The game was re-released in 2008 for PlayStation Network.

Naginata
The naginata (なぎなた, 薙刀, lit. 'mowing sword') is a polearm and one of several varieties of traditionally made Japanese blades (nihontō). Naginata were originally used by the samurai class of feudal Japan, as well as by ashigaru (foot soldiers) and sōhei (warrior monks).: 158  The naginata is the iconic weapon of the onna-musha, a type of female warrior belonging to the Japanese nobility.
1920 World Hard Court Championships
The 1920 World Hard Court Championships (WHCC) (French: Championnats du Monde de Lawn-Tennis sur Terre Battue) was the fourth edition of the World Hard Court Championships tennis tournament, considered as the precursor to the French Open, and was held on the clay courts of the Stade Français at La Faisanderie in the Parc de Saint-Cloud in Paris from 22 until 30 May 1920. Organised by L'Union des Sociétés Française De Sports Athlétiques (USFSA), the Championships had been suspended in the prior five years due to World War I, and thus this was the first edition held since 1924. Black Bars.

William Laurentz and Dorothy Holman won the singles titles.

André Gobert
André Henri Gobert (30 September 1890 – 6 December 1951) was a tennis player from France. Gobert is a double Olympic tennis champion of 1912. At the Stockholm Games, he won both the men's singles and doubles indoor gold medals.
Luther Hayes
Luther Hayes (March 7, 1939 – November 23, 2017) was an American football player and coach. He played professionally as an end for the San Diego Chargers of the American Football League (AFL) in 1961. Hayes served as the head football coach at Los Angeles City College (LACC) from 1975 to 1977.

Competing for the USC Trojans track and field program, Hayes also won the 1960 and 1961 NCAA Division I Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships in the triple jump.

Hayes was hired at LACC in 1972 as a physical education instructor. He was an assistant football coach under Al Baldock in 1974 before succeeding him as head football coach the following year.

Hayes died on November 23, 2017, in Palos Verdes, California, at age 78.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Ospedale G. Capilupi
Ospedale Giuseppe Capilupi Capri is a hospital (Italian: Ospedale) on the Via Provinciale in Anacapri, Capri, located just to the west of the comune center and about half a kilometre north of the Marina Piccola. It's the hospital of the island.

Marina Piccola
Marina Piccola ("little harbor"; also Marina di Mulo) is located on the southern side of the island of Capri. It is near the Faraglioni sea stacks to the southeast. The Via Krupp is a historic switchback paved footpath that connects the Charterhouse of San Giacomo and the Gardens of Augustus area with Marina Piccola.

The Marina Piccola, used by Augustus and Tiberius, preceded the Marina Grande.
Thomas Allonby
Thomas Allonby, sometimes spelled Allonby, was a prominent colonial landowner and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses. Allonby served in three sessions of the House of Burgesses representing the Elizabeth City constituency, including in 1684, 1688, and from 1691-1692. He was succeeded by William Armistead. Allonby was a slaveowner.

House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses (/ˈbɜːr.dʒə.sɪz/) was the lower house of the Virginia General Assembly from 1619 to 1776. It existed during the colonial history of the United States in the Colony of Virginia in what was then British America. From 1642 to 1776, the House of Burgesses was an important feature of Virginian politics, alongside the Crown-appointed colonial governor and the Virginia Governor's Council, the upper house of the General Assembly.

When Virginia declared its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain during the Fifth Virginia Convention in 1776 and became the independent Commonwealth of Virginia, the House of Burgesses was transformed into the House of Delegates, which continues to serve as the lower house of the General Assembly.