hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palmer Cup
The Palmer Cup is a 1200–1215 CE goblet from northern Syria or Jazira, and an example of early Islamic glass. It is sometimes described as "Ayyubid", since it corresponds to the time when the Ayyubids disputed control of areas of Northern Mesopotamia with the Zengids and Artuqids, but it belongs artistically to the Northern Mesopotamia region, somewhere between northern Syria and the Jazira.  It is now in the British Museum, as part of the Waddesdon Bequest (Room 2A (Case 6b).

Artuqids
The Artuqid dynasty (alternatively Artukid, Ortoqid, or Ortokid; Old Anatolian Turkish: أرتقي بيليك, Turkish: Artuklu Beyliği, Artuklular, pl. Artukoğulları) was established in 1102 as a Turkish principality of the Seljuk Empire. It formed a Turkoman dynasty rooted in the Oghuz Döğer tribe, and followed the Sunni Muslim faith. It ruled in Northern Syria and Upper Mesopotamia in the eleventh through thirteenth centuries. The Artuqid dynasty took its name from its founder, Artuk Bey, who was a member of Döger branch of the Oghuz Turks and ruled one of the Turkmen principalities of the Seljuk Empire. Artuk's sons and descendants ruled the three branches in the region: Sökmen's descendants ruled the region around Hasankeyf between 1102 and 1231; Ilghazi's branch ruled from Mardin and Mayyafariqin between 1106 and 1186 (until 1409 as vassals) and Aleppo from 1117–1128; and the Harput line starting in 1112 under the Sökmen branch, and was independent between 1185 and 1233.
Golden Isles (Bahamas Parliament constituency)
Golden Isles is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Assembly of the Bahamas. It elects one member of parliament (MP) using the first past the post electoral system. It has been represented by Darron Pickstock from the Progressive Liberal Party since the 2025 by-election. It was previously held by Vaughn Miller He was originally elected for the Free National Movement.

Progressive Liberal Party (Bahamas)
The Progressive Liberal Party (abbreviated PLP) is a populist and social liberal party in the Bahamas. Founded in 1953, it was the first national political party in the Bahamas. After winning the 1967 general election, the party governed from 1967 to 1992, as well as from 2002 to 2007 and 2012 to 2017.

In September 2021, the PLP defeated the ruling FNM in a snap election and Philip Davis was sworn in as the new Prime Minister of Bahamas. Davis is the current leader of the party, as both the chairman of the party and Prime Minister and leader of the party in Parliament.
Feria del Sol (Mérida)
Feria del Sol (English: Fair of The Sun), or Carnaval Taurino de América (English: Bullfighting carnival of America), is an international cultural festival held in the city of Mérida, Venezuela every year in February. The Feria festival is held alongside the carnival feast. The festival includes bull competitions, cultural expositions, commercial and zootechnic expositions, concerts, parades, sports, and a voting competition for La Reina Del Sol (English: The Queen of The Sun).

Parade
A parade is a procession of people, usually organized along a street, often in costume, and often accompanied by marching bands, floats, or sometimes large balloons. Parades are held for a wide range of reasons, but are usually some variety of celebration.

The term "parade" is also used in different contexts; for example, in the Canadian Armed Forces, "parade" is used both to describe the procession and in other informal connotations.

Protest demonstrations can also take the form of a parade, but these are usually referred to as a march instead.
Joel H. Cooper (California politician)
Joel Henry Cooper (1841 - October 1, 1899) was an American rancher and lawyer from Santa Barbara, California. He was elected September 6, 1871 as a Democratic member of the California State Assembly from San Luis Obispo County. At the time of his election, he was listed as being 30 years old, a rancher, and a native of Missouri. He was assigned to the standing committees on claims and on agriculture.

On Monday, February 2, 1874, he was married in San Francisco to Emma Hankins of New York City at the residence of Bishop William Ingraham Kip.

He died October 1, 1899, in his rooms. He suffered a sudden hemorrhage and collapsed with his head hanging out the window of his room. A contemporary report said that he bled "[m]ore than a bucketful of blood" onto the sidewalk below before the police broke into his lodging, finding the body still warm.

Cause of action
A cause of action or right of action, in law, is a set of facts sufficient to justify suing to obtain money or property, or to justify the enforcement of a legal right against another party. The term also refers to the legal theory upon which a plaintiff brings suit (such as breach of contract, battery, or false imprisonment). The legal document which carries a claim is often called 'claim form' or 'particulars of claim' in English law (formerly known as a 'statement of claim'), or a 'complaint' in U.S. federal practice and in many U.S. states. In Ireland, this document can be called a 'claim notice.' It can be any communication notifying the party to whom it is addressed of an alleged fault which resulted in damages, often expressed in the amount of money the receiving party should pay/reimburse.
New Kangal station
New Kangal station (Turkish: Yeni Kangal istasyonu), also written as Yenikangal, is a railway station in Kangal, Turkey. The station was opened in 2012, along with the 5.4 km (3.4 mi) long Deliktaş Tunnel and the 47.5 km (29.5 mi) long Tecer-Kangal detour, in the eastern Sivas Province.

New Kangal is located on the northern perimeter of the town of Kangal (0.98 km (0.61 mi) north of the town center) compared to Kangal station, which is located near the village of Karanlık (6.9 km (4.3 mi) northeast of the town center.

The station consists of one side platform and one track, with a small freight yard of five tracks adjacent to it. TCDD Taşımacılık operates three daily intercity trains from Ankara (temporarily Irmak) to Kars, Kurtalan, and Tatvan, as well as a twice daily regional train from Sivas to Divriği.

TCDD Transport
TCDD Transport or Turkish State Railways Transport (Turkish: TCDD Taşımacılık, reporting mark TCDDT) is a government-owned railway company responsible for the operations of most passenger and freight rail in Turkey. The company was formed on 14 June 2016, splitting off from Turkish State Railways (TCDD) to take over railway operations, while TCDD would continue to administer railway infrastructure. TCDD Taşımacılık officially began operations on 1 January 2017.

TCDD Taşımacılık operates trains on a network of over 12,430 km (7,720 mi) within 59 of the 81 provinces in Turkey.
Gefangen im Schattenreich von Die Ärzte
Gefangen im Schattenreich von Die Ärzte ("Imprisoned in the netherworld of Die Ärzte") is the third VHS by German rock band Die Ärzte. It features live and backstage videos. It is the first part of the tour videos from 1993 to 1996.

Westerland (song)
"Westerland" is a punk song by German band Die Ärzte. It was the fifth track and the second single from their 1988 album Das ist nicht die ganze Wahrheit.... It is an ironic ode to the city of Westerland. It was also released on Die Ärzte's first maxi single, which had the same cover as the single but tracks different from the maxi LP. "Westerland (Kommerzmix)" was later put on "Das Beste von kurz nach früher bis jetze".

The song has been covered by Die Toten Hosen in a concert.
Keith Castle
Keith Castle, at the age of 52, was the recipient of the first successful heart transplant operation to be carried out in the United Kingdom. The operation was performed in August 1979 at Papworth Hospital, Cambridgeshire by surgeon Sir Terence English, who would later describe Castle as a "wonderful man," but "not an ideal patient from a medical point of view" on account of Castle's vascular disease of the legs, peptic ulcer, and history of smoking. In the year following the transplant, the British Medical Journal published an article entitled "Function Of The Transplanted Heart" referencing the operation: "How well does the transplanted (and therefore denervated) heart perform? The immediate and practical answer is, well enough, as the activities of patients such as Mr Keith Castle have shown." Castle survived for more than five years after the operation, dying aged 58 in 1985.

Heart transplantation
A heart transplant, or a cardiac transplant, is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure when other medical or surgical treatments have failed. As of 2018, the most common procedure is to take a functioning heart from a recently deceased organ donor (brain death is the most common) and implant it into the patient. The patient's own heart is either removed and replaced with the donor heart (orthotopic procedure) or, much less commonly, the recipient's diseased heart is left in place to support the donor heart (heterotopic, or "piggyback", transplant procedure).

Approximately 5,000 heart transplants are performed each year worldwide, more than half of which are in the US. Post-operative survival periods average 15 years. Heart transplantation is not considered to be a cure for heart disease; rather it is a life-saving treatment intended to improve the quality and duration of life for a recipient.
Bearden School District (Oklahoma)
The Bearden Independent School District is a school district based in Bearden, Oklahoma United States. It consists of Bearden Public School that supports more than 100 students in kindergarten through grade 8.

Bearden, Oklahoma
Bearden is a town in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States. The locale is old enough to appear on a 1911 Rand McNally map of the county.  The population was 135 at the 2020 Census.

it is the birthplace of Benjamin Roden, a religious leader & founder of the Branch Davidians
Aithe 2.0
Aithe 2.0 is a 2018 Indian Telugu-language techno-thriller directed by Raj Madiraju. The film stars newcomers Bengali-Hindi actor Indraneil Sengupta (in his Telugu debut), Zara Shah, Abhishek, Kartavya Sharma, Neeraj, Mrunal, Mridanjli and Dr. Srikanth. The film was simultaneously shot in Hindi as Pirates 1.0; however, the Hindi version was never theatrically released. The film is a reboot of Aithe (2003).

Techno-thriller
A techno-thriller or technothriller is a hybrid genre drawing from science fiction, thrillers, spy fiction, action, and war novels. They are defined by a thriller style of narrative structure, but supported by an exceptional amount of technical details on their subject matter (typically military technology). The inner workings of technology and the mechanics of various disciplines (espionage, martial arts, politics) are thoroughly explored, and the plot often turns on the particulars of that exploration. This genre began to be distinguished from its parent genres in the early 20th century, receiving further developments and focus in the mid 20th century.
Chicas Polar
The name Chicas Polar (lit. 'Polar Girls') refers to the models who have worked as image in the advertising campaign to promote Polar Pilsen beer in Venezuela.

The Empresas Polar campaign was launched for the first time in 2001 and has since then been renewed every year.
The billboards alongside the highways in Caracas and other places in the country are very popular, as well as the calendars with pictures shot in landscapes as Choroni Beach or rivers from la Gran Sabana.

The media impact of the Polar Girls has been such that in Latin America and Europe they have been compared to Victoria's Secret Angels. Since the 2006 campaign, new models were called Chicas Pilsen ("Pilsen Girls").

Choroni Beach
Choroní is a popular place located in Aragua, Venezuela. Its proper name is Choroní, but because of its proximity to the colonial not official village of Choroní (es), it is often referred to as Playa Grande or El Malecon.

It lies about 50 kilometres (32 miles) from Maracay. The drive from the city of Maracay takes about two hours, on a road built by the Venezuelan dictator Juan Vicente Gómez in 1920, a narrow windy dirt (Adventure) road over the cloud forest mountains of the Henri Pittier National Park before descending to the sea. From 1970 work began to pave the road and was completed by 1990.
Epichrysocharis burwelli
Epichrysocharis burwelli, the lemon scent eucalyptus gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp from the family Eulophidae which was first described from California in 2000 but which is thought to have originated in Australia, where its host plant is indigenous. It is now found in many areas of the World where its host plant, the lemon-scented eucalyptus Corymbia citriodora is grown.

Corymbia citriodora
Corymbia citriodora, commonly known as lemon-scented gum and other common names, is a species of tall tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has smooth white to pink bark, narrow lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and urn-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.
Gertie Fröhlich
Gertie Fröhlich (29 June 1930 – 17  May 2020) was a Czechoslovak-born Austrian painter, graphic designer and the initiator of the Galerie nächst St. Stephan in Vienna. She was an important figure in the post-war Austrian painting and experimental film world, where often from behind the scenes she supported numerous artists and institutions.

Noah Becker
Noah Becker (born 1970) is an American and Canadian artist, writer, publisher of Whitehot Magazine of Contemporary Art, and jazz saxophonist who lives and works in New York City and Vancouver Island. He has written for Art in America, Canadian Art, VICE, Interview, The Guardian (UK), and the HuffPost.
2008 Mountain West Conference baseball tournament
The 2008 Mountain West Conference baseball tournament took place from May 20 through 24. The top six regular season finishers of the league's seven teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Texas Christian University's Lupton Stadium. Top seeded TCU won their third straight and third overall Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 15–2 and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2008 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

TCU Horned Frogs baseball
The TCU Horned Frogs baseball team represents Texas Christian University in NCAA Division I baseball. The Frogs have competed in the Big 12 Conference since 2013 and previously competed in the Mountain West, Conference USA, Western Athletic Conference and Southwest Conference.  Since February 2003, the Horned Frogs have played their home games at Lupton Stadium, located on the TCU campus in Fort Worth, Texas. The Frogs are led by head coach Kirk Saarloos.
2013–14 Croatian Second Football League
The 2013–14 Croatian Second Football League (also known as Druga HNL or 2. HNL) was the 23rd season of Croatia's second level football competition since its establishment in 1992.

NK Zagreb were league champions and earned a place in Croatia's first division, Prva HNL.

Croatian Football League
The Hrvatska nogometna liga (pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː nôɡomeːtnaː lǐːɡa]; lit. 'Croatian Football League'), abbreviated as HNL and also known for sponsorship reasons as the SuperSport HNL, is a professional association football league in Croatia and the highest level of the Croatian football league system. Established in 1992, it was previously called Prva Hrvatska nogometna liga (1. HNL; lit. 'First Croatian Football League'), but a league structure reorganization from 2022–23 led to name changes for the three top league levels.
Channel Country
The Channel Country is a region of outback Australia mostly in the state of Queensland but also in parts of South Australia, Northern Territory and New South Wales. The name comes from the numerous intertwined rivulets that cross the region, which cover 150,000 km². The Channel Country is over the Cooper and Eromanga geological basins and the Lake Eyre Basin drainage basin. Further to the east is the less arid Maranoa district.

Braided river
A braided river (also called braided channel or braided stream) consists of a network of river channels separated by small, often temporary, islands called braid bars or, in British English usage, aits or eyots.

Braided streams tend to occur in rivers with high sediment loads or coarse grain sizes, and in rivers with steeper slopes than typical rivers with straight or meandering channel patterns. They are also associated with rivers with rapid and frequent variation in the amount of water they carry, i.e., with "flashy" rivers, and with rivers with weak banks.

Braided channels are found in a variety of environments all over the world, including gravelly mountain streams, sand bed rivers, on alluvial fans, on river deltas, and across depositional plains.
Pre-locus coeruleus
Pre-locus coeruleus is a small nucleus in the brainstem. This small cluster of neurons also is referred to by the abbreviation "pre-LC". It was named "pre-LC" because it lies just rostral to (in front of) the locus coeruleus, which is commonly abbreviated "LC".

Locus coeruleus
The locus coeruleus (/sɪˈruːliəs/) (LC), also spelled locus caeruleus or locus ceruleus, is a nucleus in the pons of the brainstem involved with physiological responses to stress and panic. It is a part of the reticular activating system in the reticular formation.

The locus coeruleus, which in Latin means "blue spot", is the principal site for brain synthesis of norepinephrine (noradrenaline). The locus coeruleus and the areas of the body affected by the norepinephrine it produces are described collectively as the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system or LC-NA system. Norepinephrine may also be released directly into the blood from the adrenal medulla.
Chen Ying-chu
Chen Ying-chu (Chinese: 陳映竹; pinyin: Chén Yìngzhú; born 18 February 1995 in Kaohsiung) is a Taiwanese speed skater. In 2025, she became the first athlete representing Chinese Taipei to win a medal at the Asian Winter Games, earning the bronze in the Women's 100 metres. Formerly a competitive roller skater, she also finished 5th in the 500 metres. Later in 2025, she finished second in the 500m at the 2025–26 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 2 in Calgary.

Asian Winter Games
The Asian Winter Games (AWG) is an international multi-sport event held every four years for members of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) featuring winter events. The Japanese Olympic Committee first suggested creating a winter version of the Asian Games in 1982. Their efforts were rewarded when they received hosting rights for the first edition, held in Sapporo in 1986, as the city had the infrastructure and expertise gained from hosting of the 1972 Winter Olympics.

From having only seven OCA member nations participate in the first edition, the number of competing nations in the Winter Asiad has grown consistently. In the 2007 Asian Winter Games in Changchun, 27 out of the 45 members fielded a record number of competitors, while all 45 National Olympic Committees sent delegations for the first time in AWG history.

Although games were considered for Lebanon in 2009, they were ultimately cancelled. The next edition is scheduled to be held in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
1985 Swedish Open – Doubles
Jan Gunnarsson and Michael Mortensen were the defending champions, but Gunnarsson did not compete this year. Mortensen teamed up with Magnus Tideman and lost in the quarterfinals to Ricki Osterthun and Tore Meinecke.

Stefan Edberg and Anders Järryd won the title by defeating Sergio Casal and Emilio Sánchez 6–0, 7–6(7–2) in the final.

Anders Järryd
Anders Per Järryd (pronounced [ˈânːdɛʂ ˈjæ̂rːyːd]; born 13 July 1961) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden. During his career he won eight Grand Slam doubles titles (three French Open, two Wimbledon, two US Open, one Australian Open), reached the world No. 1 doubles ranking, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 5.

Järryd was born in Lidköping, Västra Götaland. He also played bandy in Lidköpings AIK, while growing up.
HydroGNSS
HydroGNSS (Hydrological Global Navigation Satellite System) is an Earth observation satellite mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) consisting of two identical small satellites carrying GNSS reflectometry instruments. The mission is using satellite navigation signals reflected from the Earth surface to monitor various Essential Climate Variables related to the hydrological cycle. It was launched in November 2025 on a Falcon 9 rocket.

Small satellite
A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction.  Miniature satellites, especially in large numbers, may be more useful than fewer, larger ones for some purposes – for example, gathering of scientific data and radio relay.  Technical challenges in the construction of small satellites may include the lack of sufficient power storage or of room for a propulsion system.
Anders Petersen (photographer)
Anders Petersen (born 1944) is a Swedish photographer, based in Stockholm. He makes intimate and personal documentary-style black and white photographs. Petersen has published more than 20 books. He has had exhibitions at Bibliothèque nationale de France, Liljevalchs konsthall, MARTa Herford, and Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome. His work is held in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art in New York and Moderna Museet in Stockholm.

Norstedts förlag
Norstedts Förlag is a book publishing company in Sweden. Norstedts is Sweden's oldest publishing house and one of the largest in the country. It was founded in 1823 by Per Adolf Norstedt, under the name P. A. Norstedt & Söner ("P. A. Norstedt & Sons").
Helmet and spurs of Saint Olaf
The helmet and spurs of Saint Olaf are the oldest preserved war trophies taken by Sweden. They were taken as loot in 1564 during the Northern Seven Years' War from Trondheim by Claude Collart, an army commander in service of Eric XIV of Sweden.

Helmet
A helmet is a form of protective gear worn to protect the head. More specifically, a helmet complements the skull in protecting the human brain. Ceremonial or symbolic helmets (e.g., a policeman's helmet in the United Kingdom) without protective function are sometimes worn. Soldiers wear combat helmets, often made from Kevlar or other lightweight synthetic fibers.

The word helmet is derived from helm, an Old English word for a protective head covering.

Helmets are used for numerous sports (e.g., jockeys, American football, ice hockey, cricket, baseball, skiing, hurling and rock climbing); dangerous work activities such as construction, mining, riot police, military aviation, and in transportation (e.g. motorcycle helmets and bicycle helmets). Since the 1990s, most helmets are made from resin or plastic, which may be reinforced with fibers such as aramids.
Conuber incei
Conuber incei (common name - Ince's Moon Snail, Ince's Sand Snail) is a species of predatory sea snail,in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.  It was first described in 1853 as Natica incei by Rodolfo Philippi, from a specimen collected at Raines Island in the Torres Strait, by Captain Ince, R.N.  (thus giving the species epithet, Incei).

It is a marine snail found on mud-silt and sand flats. In Australia, it is found in South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland.

Rodolfo Amando Philippi
Rodolfo Amando (or Rudolph Amandus) Philippi (14 September 1808 – 23 July 1904) was a German–Chilean paleontologist and zoologist. Philippi contributed primarily to malacology and paleontology, but also published a major work on Diptera of Chile. His grandson, Rodulfo Amando Philippi Bañados (1905-1969), was also a zoologist and in order to avoid confusion in zoological nomenclature, the elder is referred to as "Philippi [Krumwiede]" to distinguish him from his grandson "Philippi [Bañados]".