hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
System monitor
A system monitor is a hardware or software component used to monitor system resources and performance in a computer system.
Among the management issues regarding use of system monitoring tools are resource usage and privacy. Monitoring can track both input and output values and events of systems.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
Sweet Sacrifice
"Sweet Sacrifice" is a song by American rock band Evanescence from their second studio album, The Open Door. It was released on May 25, 2007, as the album's third single. The song was written by Amy Lee and Terry Balsamo, and produced by Dave Fortman. It is about coming out of the abusive relationship that inspired much of Lee's writing on the debut album. "Sweet Sacrifice" received generally positive reviews by critics, and was nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 50th Grammy Awards. Its music video was directed by P.R. Brown.

St. Louis Post-Dispatch
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch is a regional newspaper serving the St. Louis metropolitan area. Based in St. Louis, Missouri, it is the largest daily newspaper in the metropolitan area by circulation, surpassing the Belleville News-Democrat, Alton Telegraph, and Edwardsville Intelligencer. The publication has received 19 Pulitzer Prizes.

The paper is owned by Lee Enterprises of Davenport, Iowa, which purchased Pulitzer, Inc. in 2005 in a cash deal valued at $1.46 billion.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 4
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 4 (P. Oxy. 4) is a fragment of a Christian theological work in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the early 4th century. It is housed in the library of the University of Cambridge. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a codex. The measures of the original leaf were 127 by 72 mm. On the verso side the text is written in a medium-sized uncial letters. On the recto it is written in cursive letters. The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way (ΘΣ). It is a theological text, Gnostic in character, concerning the 'upper' and 'lower' soul.

Bernard Pyne Grenfell
Bernard Pyne Grenfell FBA (16 December 1869 – 18 May 1926) was an English scientist and egyptologist. Excavations he did with Arthur Surridge Hunt uncovered manuscripts including the oldest Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
Liberty Counsel (horse)
Liberty Counsel is an Irish bred racehorse that won the Irish Grand National in 2013.  This mare was considered a long shot, having lost at Cheltenham a few weeks earlier.  She was born March 23, 2003, out of My Free Mantel Vii, and by Leading Counsel.

Liberty Counsel, which was trained by Dot Love and ridden by Ben Dalton, won by half a length at a starting price of 50–1.

Irish Grand National
The Irish Grand National is a National Hunt steeplechase in Ireland which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Fairyhouse over a distance of about 3 miles and 5 furlongs (5,834 metres), and during its running there are twenty-four fences to be jumped. It is a handicap race, and it is scheduled to take place each year on Easter Monday.

It is the Irish equivalent of the Grand National, and it is held during Fairyhouse's Easter Festival meeting.
2008 World Sledge Hockey Challenge
The 2008 World Sledge Hockey Challenge was the second semi-annual international ice sledge hockey tournament organized by Hockey Canada. The event was hosted in Charlottetown, PEI. Japan replaced Germany at this years tournament.

Charlottetown
Charlottetown is the capital and largest city of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, and the county seat of Queens County. Named after Queen Charlotte, Charlottetown was an unincorporated town until it was incorporated as a city in 1855.

It was the site of the famous Charlottetown Conference in 1864, the first gathering of Canadian and Maritime statesmen to discuss the proposed Maritime Union. This conference led, instead, to the union of British North American colonies in 1867, which was the beginning of the Canadian Confederation. Prince Edward Island, however, did not join Confederation until 1873. From this, the city adopted as its motto Cunabula Foederis, "Birthplace of Confederation".

The population of Charlottetown is estimated to be 40,500 (2022); this forms the centre of a census agglomeration of 83,063 (2021), which is roughly half of the province's population (160,302).
Miss Venezuela 1986
Miss Venezuela 1986 was the 33rd Miss Venezuela pageant, was held in Caracas, Venezuela on May 9, 1986, after weeks of events.  The winner of the pageant was Bárbara Palacios, Miss Trujillo.

The pageant was broadcast live on Venevisión from the Teatro Municipal in Caracas. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, outgoing titleholder Silvia Martínez, crowned Bárbara Palacios of Trujillo as the new Miss Venezuela.

Maite Delgado
Maite Coromoto Delgado de Mora (born September 20, 1966) is a Venezuelan TV host and beauty pageant titleholder who has been referred to as Venezuela's "Oprah" and the country's most popular television host, especially known for her decades of hosting the Miss Venezuela pageant. Her eponymously titled show, Maite, aired for four years on the Univision television network in the United States. She was named the Latina celebrity of the year by E! Entertainment Television in 2000.
Flute sonata in B minor (HWV 376)
The Flute sonata in B minor (HWV 376) is thought to have been composed by George Frideric Handel, for flute and basso continuo. The date of composition of the work is unknown, but it was first published in 1730. Other catalogues of Handel's music have referred to the work as HG xlviii, 137; and HHA iv/3,68.

The authenticity of the sonata is uncertain. Of the three "Halle" sonatas, it is the best candidate for not having been composed by Handel (although if it wasn't, it is an extremely good imitation of his style). It is referred to as "Halle Sonata No. 3", and is sometimes called "Hallenser Sonaten" (following Chrysander's assumption that it was an early work). The Chrysander edition indicates that the work is for flute ("Traversa"), and published it as Sonata XVIII.

A typical performance of the work takes almost seven minutes.

It is quoted at length in the second movement of the ballet Pulcinella by Igor Stravinsky.

Basso continuo
Basso continuo is a harmonic musical structure, almost universal in the Baroque era (1600–1750), that generally consisted of a bassline and a chord progression. The phrase is often shortened to continuo, and the instrumentalists playing the continuo part are called the continuo group.
Al-Qiri
Al-Qiri (Arabic: القري, romanized: al-Qirī) or al-Jiri and al-Guraiy, is a subject of Baladiyah al-Batha and is one of the oldest neighborhoods of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It shares close proximity to al-Dirah and Jabrah neighborhoods. Originally an orchard, it is named after the al-Qiri Gate of the former city wall, south east of the erstwhile walled town.

Riyadh city fortifications
The Riyadh city fortifications (Arabic: سور مدينة الرياض, romanized: Sūr madīnat ar-Riyāḍ) were series of earth-structured defensive walls with watchtowers and gates that encircled the walled town of Riyadh, in modern-day Riyadh, Saudi Arabia intermittently from 1740s until they were finally demolished in the 1950s. Subsequently, Riyadh outgrew as a metropolis and the area covering the perimeters of the walled town was renamed as the Qasr al-Hukm District in 1973.  The town within the walls served as the administrative center of the Saudi government until 1944, when King Abdulaziz ibn Saud shifted his workplace and residence to the Murabba Palace.
Agonglo
Agonglo was a King of the Kingdom of Dahomey, in present-day Benin, from 1789 until 1797.  Agonglo took over from his father King Kpengla in 1789 and inherited many of the economic problems that developed during Kpengla's reign.  Because of the poor economy, Agonglo was often constrained by domestic opposition.  As a response, he reformed many of the economic policies (lowered taxes and removed constrains on the slave trade) and did military expeditions to try to increase the supply for the Atlantic slave trade.  Many of these efforts were unsuccessful and European traders became less active in the ports of the kingdom.  As a final effort, Agonglo accepted two Portuguese Catholic missionaries which resulted in a large outcry in royal circles and resulted in his assassination on May 1, 1797. Adandozan, his second oldest son, was named the new king.

Oyo Empire
The Oyo Empire was a Yoruba empire in West Africa. It was located in present-day western Nigeria (including the South West zone, Benin Republic, and the western half of the North Central zone). The empire grew to become the largest Yoruba-speaking state through the organizational and administrative efforts of the Yoruba people, trade, as well as the military use of cavalry. The Oyo Empire was one of the most politically important states in Western Africa from the late-16th to the early 18th century and held sway not only over most of the other kingdoms in Yorubaland, but also over nearby African states, notably the Fon Kingdom of Dahomey in the modern Republic of Benin on its west.
Bannock War of 1895
This event should not be confused with the Bannock War of 1878.

The Bannock War of 1895, or the Bannock Uprising, refers to a minor conflict centered in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in the United States. During the early 1890s, Wyoming passed a state law prohibiting the killing of elk for their teeth, which led to the arrests of several Bannock hunters in 1895. The arrests and the death of one Bannock created wildly exaggerated rumors that the natives would revolt; at one point, the Eastern press reported that the Bannocks had massacred a large group of settlers in Jackson Hole. In response, the United States Army launched an expedition into the area- when troops arrived, it was found that the situation was peaceful and that the fears of uprising were unjustified.

Rebellion
Rebellion is an uprising that resists and is organized against one's government. A rebel is a person who engages in a rebellion. A rebel group is a consciously coordinated group that seeks to gain political control over an entire state or a portion of a state. A rebellion is often caused by political, religious, or social grievances that originate from a perceived inequality or marginalization. Rebellion comes from Latin re and bellum, and in Lockian philosophy refers to the responsibility of the people to overthrow unjust government.
SCGS
SCGS may stand for:

St. Clare's Girls' School, Hong Kong

Singapore Chinese Girls' School, Singapore

Sugarcane Grassy Shoot Disease

Sunshine Coast Grammar School, Queensland, Australia

Surbiton County Grammar School, England

ICAO code for Siberia Airport (Aeropuerto Siberia), Bío Bío, Chile

Siberia Airport
Siberia Airport Spanish: Aeropuerto Siberia, (ICAO: SCGS) is an airport serving the Arauco forest products plant at Cholguán (es), a town in the Bío Bío Region of Chile.

The runway has an additional 455 metres (1,493 ft) of unpaved overrun on the north end.

The Los Angeles VOR (Ident: MAD) is 21.5 nautical miles (39.8 km) southwest of the airport.
2017–18 IBSF Bobsleigh North American Cup
The 2017–18 IBSF Bobsleigh North American Cup was a multi-race series over a season for bobsleigh. The season started on 5 November 2017 in Whistler, Canada and ended on 14 January 2018 in Lake Placid, USA. The North American Cup is organised by the IBSF (formerly the FIBT) as a second tier of bobsleigh competitions ranking below the World Cup.

International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) is the international sports federation for the sliding sports of Bobsleigh and Skeleton. It was founded on 23 November 1923 by the delegates of Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Canada, and the United States at the meeting of their first International Congress in Paris, France as the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (International Federation of Bobsleigh and Tobogganing; FIBT). In June 2015, it announced a name change from FIBT to IBSF. The federation's headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The IBSF works closely with the IOC to conduct Winter Olympics every four years. Along with the Winter Olympics, the IBSF hosts World Championships the other three years. The races are hosted on tracks in North America, Europe, and Asia. The tracks are shared with the sport of Luge, although that is managed under a different governing body, the International Luge Federation.
Vegan Camp Out
Vegan Camp Out is an annual camping festival in the UK featuring music, comedy, talks, health & wellbeing activities, and various workshops. Launched in 2016, Vegan Camp Out has been held at various venues in the UK, and an additional festival also ran in Australia in 2023.

The festival focuses on veganism, animal rights and environmentalism. Most performers are publicly vegan, typically including influencers, activists, comedians, and musicians.

Ed Winters
Ed Winters (aka Earthling Ed) is an English animal rights activist, author, filmmaker, lecturer and vegan educator. He authored the books This Is Vegan Propaganda: (And Other Lies the Meat Industry Tells You) (2022), and How to Argue With a Meat Eater (And Win Every Time) (2023) and How to Go (and Stay) Vegan (2025).
Pervomaysky, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast
Pervomaysky (Russian: Первомайский) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Naumovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  14 (2010 Census); 29 (2002 Census);

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Markus Rost
Markus Rost is a German mathematician who works at the intersection of topology and algebra. He was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2002 in Beijing, China. He is a professor at the University of Bielefeld.

He is known for his work on norm varieties (a key part in the proof of the Bloch–Kato conjecture) and for the Rost invariant (a cohomological invariant with values in Galois cohomology of degree 3). Together with J.-P. Serre he is one of the cofounders of the theory of cohomological invariants of linear algebraic groups. He has also made numerous contributions to the theory of torsors, quadratic forms, central simple algebras, Jordan algebras (the Rost-Serre invariant), exceptional groups, and essential dimension.

In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Principal homogeneous space
In mathematics, a principal homogeneous space, or torsor, for a group G is a homogeneous space X for G in which the stabilizer subgroup of every point is trivial. Equivalently, a principal homogeneous space for a group G is a non-empty set X on which G acts freely and transitively (meaning that, for any x, y in X, there exists a unique g in G such that x·g = y, where · denotes the (right) action of G on X).
An analogous definition holds in other categories, where, for example,

G is a topological group, X is a topological space and the action is continuous,

G is a Lie group, X is a smooth manifold and the action is smooth,

G is an algebraic group, X is an algebraic variety and the action is regular.
1935 Copa del Presidente de la República
The Copa del Presidente de la República 1935 (President of the Republic's Cup) was the 35th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.

The competition started in March 1935 and concluded on June 30, 1935, with the Final, held at the Estadio Chamartín in Madrid. Sevilla FC beat CE Sabadell for their first title in the competition.

Estadio Chamartín
Estadio Chamartín was a multi-use stadium in Madrid, Spain. It was initially used as the stadium of Real Madrid matches before the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium opened in 1947. The stadium held 22,500 people and was built in 1924.

The stadium was inaugurated on 17 May 1924, with a 3–2 victory for Real Madrid against Newcastle United.
Lysimachia foemina
Lysimachia foemina is commonly known as blue pimpernel or poor man's weatherglass, and was formerly called Anagallis foemina. It is a low-growing annual herbaceous plant in the genus Lysimachia of the family Primulaceae. In a comparison of DNA sequences, L. foemina was shown to be most closely related to L. monelli. It had been thought by many to be closest to L. arvensis, and some authors had even included L. foemina as a subspecies of L. arvensis, as  Anagallis arvensis subsp. foemina. These three species (L arvensis, L foemina and L monelli) were among several transferred from Anagallis to Lysimachia in a 2009 paper.

Primulaceae
The Primulaceae (/ˌprɪmjəˈleɪʃi.iː/ PRIM-yə-LAY-shee-ee), commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though some species, such as scarlet pimpernel, are annuals.

Previously one of three families in the order Primulales, it underwent considerable generic re-alignment once molecular phylogenetic methods were used for taxonomic classification. The order was then submerged in a much enlarged order Ericales and became a greatly enlarged Primulaceae sensu lato (s.l). In this new classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, each of the Primulales families was reduced to the rank of subfamily of Primulaceae s.l. The original Primulaceae (Primulaceae sensu stricto or s.s.) then became subfamily Primuloideae, and one genus (Maesa) was raised to the rank of a separate subfamily, making four in all.
Caseros
Caseros might refer to:

Caseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Caseros (Entre Ríos), Argentina

Caseros Department, a provincial political subdivision in Santa Fe Province, Argentina

Caseros Prison, Argentina

Battle of Caseros, Argentina

Caseros (Buenos Aires Metro)

Caseros Prison
The Caseros Prison (Spanish: Cárcel de Caseros) was a panopticon prison in Parque Patricios, a neighborhood in the southern part of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Caseros Prison was conceived by the military dictatorships of the 1960s, originally intended as a short term holding station for prisoners awaiting trial. It was built over the course of almost twenty  years, from 1960 until 1979. Finished under the administration of the military junta presided over by dictator Jorge Rafael Videla, Caseros was opened in 1979 to house political prisoners. It was built next to an old prison of the same name, which was originally constructed as an orphanage in the 1880s. In the early 1950s, Juan Perón, cracking down on communists, used the old part to house political prisoners.  The prison was closed down in 2001.
Billy Morin
William Morin IV MP (Cree: ᓇᐦᑐᑭᑐᐱ Nahtokitopi: "Rides a Sacred Horse"; born 1987 or 1988) is a Canadian Cree First Nations leader and politician who was the Chief of Enoch Cree Nation from August 2015 to June 2022. He was elected to represent the riding of Edmonton Northwest in the 2025 federal election as a member of the Conservative Party of Canada.He has built partnerships among Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups toward economic and social prosperity and reconciliation.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Phyllis Hartnoll
Phyllis Hartnoll (22 September 1906, in Egypt – 8 January 1997, in Lyme Regis) was a British poet, author and editor.

Hartnoll was educated at Cheltenham Ladies' College and read English at St Hugh's College, Oxford, winning the Newdigate Prize for poetry in 1929, and at the Universities of Lyons and Algiers. From 1929 to 1967, she worked as a books editor for the publishers Macmillan. As a theatre historian, she was a founder member of the Society for Theatre Research in 1948; the other founders contributed to her Oxford Companion to the Theatre, the first edition of which appeared in 1951.

A collection of her poems, The maid's song and other poems, was published by Macmillan in 1938. She wrote the introduction to the Gothic novel Zastrozzi by Percy Bysshe Shelley which was republished in a limited edition by the Golden Cockerel Press in 1955.

Cheltenham Ladies' College
Cheltenham Ladies' College (CLC) is a private boarding and day school for girls aged 11 or older in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England. The school was established in 1853 to provide "a sound academic education for girls". It is also a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.

The school badge depicts two martlets, inspiration for which was taken from the pigeons of the Cheltenham town coat of arms, above three stars, which are in turn above a daisy, a school symbol.

In 2020, Cheltenham Ladies' College was named Southwest Independent School of the Decade by The Times and The Sunday Times. It is listed in The Schools Index as one of the world's 150 leading schools and one of the top 30 UK senior schools.
Stoisław, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Stoisław [ˈstɔi̯swaf] (German: Karlshof) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Będzino, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Będzino, 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Koszalin, and 133 km (83 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 570.

Koszalin County
Koszalin County (Polish: powiat koszaliński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Koszalin, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Sianów, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Koszalin, Bobolice, 37 km (23 mi) south-east of Koszalin, and Polanów, 35 km (22 mi) east of Koszalin.

The county covers an area of 1,669.09 square kilometres (644.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 64,087, out of which the population of Sianów is 6,543, that of Bobolice is 4,446, that of Polanów is 2,967, and the rural population is 50,131.