hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fundamental lemma (Langlands program)
In the mathematical theory of automorphic forms, the  fundamental lemma relates orbital integrals on a reductive group over a local field to stable orbital integrals on its endoscopic groups. It was conjectured by Robert Langlands (1983) in the course of developing the Langlands program.  The fundamental lemma was proved by Gérard Laumon and Ngô Bảo Châu in the case of unitary groups and then by Ngô (2010) for general reductive groups, building on a series of important reductions made by Jean-Loup Waldspurger to the case of Lie algebras. Time magazine placed Ngô's proof on the list of the "Top 10 scientific discoveries of 2009". In 2010, Ngô was awarded the Fields Medal for this proof.

Robert Langlands
Robert Phelan Langlands, CC FRS FRSC (/ˈlæŋləndz/; born October 6, 1936) is a Canadian mathematician. He is best known as the founder of the Langlands program, a vast web of conjectures and results connecting representation theory and automorphic forms to the study of Galois groups in number theory, for which he received the 2018 Abel Prize. He is emeritus professor and occupied Albert Einstein's office at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, until 2020 when he retired.
Rodolphe Laflamme
Toussaint-Antoine-Rodolphe Laflamme, PC (15 May 1827 – 7 December 1893), was a French-Canadian lawyer, professor of law and politician. He received a BCL in 1856 and an honorary DCL in 1873, both from McGill University. He was a partner in a prominent Montreal, Quebec, law firm, and was known for his support of the Liberal party.  He was from 1872 to 1878 a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada, and served as the Minister of Inland Revenue, and then the Minister of Justice in the administration of Alexander Mackenzie.

Laflamme was considered to be among the first group to be appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada, but it was decided his presence in parliament was necessary and he subsequently rejected the appointment.

Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada
The minister of justice and attorney general of Canada (French: ministre de la justice et procureur général du Canada) is a dual-role portfolio in the Canadian Cabinet.

The officeholder in the role of Minister of Justice (Ministre de la Justice) serves as the minister of the Crown responsible for the Department of Justice and the justice portfolio, and in the role of Attorney General (Procureur général), litigates on behalf of the Crown and serves as the chief legal advisor to the Government of Canada. (Though most prosecution functions of the attorney general have been assigned to the Public Prosecution Service of Canada. The attorney general is supported in this role by the director of public prosecutions, who is simultaneously the deputy attorney general.)
NA63 experiment
The NA63 experiment aims to study the radiation process in strong electromagnetic fields. Located at CERN, in the North Area. It is a fixed-target experiment which uses the H4 secondary electron beams from the SPS, which are directed onto different targets. Those are made from a variety of elements, ranging from the relatively light carbon and silicon, through the heavier iron and tin to tungsten, gold and lead and are either amorphous or mono-crystals (made up of diamond for example).

This experiment is part of the SPS research programme and began taking data in 2010 with Mr Ulrik Ingerslev Uggerhoj as spokesperson.

Super Proton Synchrotron
The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is a particle accelerator of the synchrotron type at CERN. It is housed in a circular tunnel, 6.9 km (4+1⁄3 miles) in circumference, straddling the border of France and Switzerland near Geneva, Switzerland.
Toy Hunter
Toy Hunter  is an American reality documentary television series on the Travel Channel that debuted August 15, 2012. The series document the exploits of toy dealer Jordan Hembrough and sometimes his sidekick Steve Savino as they visit collections from some of the most popular cities on the East and West Coasts. In September 2012, Travel Channel announced the series' renewal for a second season, which consists of thirteen episodes. It airs in the United Kingdom and Ireland on Quest, in Australia on Foxtel channel A&E and Fetch channel Travel Channel.

Quest (British TV channel)
Quest is a British and Irish free-to-air television channel available in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It provides factual, lifestyle and entertainment programmes and other imported material, as well as films and sports coverage. It is operated by Warner Bros. Discovery.
Montu Solanki
−

Montu Solanki (born 1982) is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is an MLA from Sendhawa Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in Barwani District. He won the 2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, representing the Indian National Congress.

Barwani district
22°01′29″N 74°55′05″E﻿ / ﻿22.02485°N 74.91805°E﻿ / 22.02485; 74.91805

Barwani district (Hindi pronunciation: [bəɽʋaːniː]) is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India. The administrative headquarters of the district is at Barwani.

Barwani district has an area of 5,427 km² and a population 1,385,881 (2011 census). The district lies in the southwestern corner of Madhya Pradesh; the Narmada River forms its northern boundary. The Satpura Range lies to its south. The district is bordered by Maharashtra state to the south, Gujarat state to the west, Dhar District to the north and Khargone District to the east.
Tom Brabazon
Tom Brabazon (born 1969/1970) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Bay North constituency since the 2024 general election.

A Dublin City Councillor from 2003 to 2024 for the Donaghmede area, he was elected Deputy Lord Mayor in 2019, and was elected Lord Mayor of Dublin in February 2020 following his predecessor Paul McAuliffe's election to Dáil Éireann. His term as Lord Mayor ended on 29 June 2020.

Brabazon was co-opted to Dublin City Council in 2003 following the abolition of the dual mandate and was re-elected in 2004, 2009, 2014, 2019 and 2024.

In 2015, Brabazon was criticised for comments in Northside People on childbirth and gender quotas, but later withdrew and apologised for the remarks.

In 2024, Brabazon was selected to contest the next general election for the Dublin Bay North constituency, with councillor Deirdre Heney later being added to the ticket.

At the 2024 general election, Brabazon was elected to the Dáil.

2009 Dublin City Council election
An election to Dublin City Council took place on 5 June 2009 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 52 councillors were elected from eleven local electoral areas (LEAs) for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Martin Ingram
Martin Ingram is the pseudonym of ex-British Army soldier Ian Hurst, who served in the Intelligence Corps and Force Research Unit (FRU). He has made a number of allegations about the FRU and its  conduct of the British Army, its operations in Northern Ireland via the FRU, and against figures in the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) and Sinn Féin.

RUC Special Branch
RUC Special Branch was the Special Branch of the Royal Ulster Constabulary, and was heavily involved in the British state effort during the Troubles, especially against the Provisional Irish Republican Army. It worked closely with MI5 and the Intelligence Corps. The RUC came under criticism for its handling of its agents within paramilitary organisations, including from other RUC officers. 
Appointed in 1984 to investigate claims of a RUC "shoot-to-kill" policy, former Deputy Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police, John Stalker, said that he "had never experienced...such an influence over an entire police force by one small section" in regard to Special Branch.
Paletot
A paletot  is a type of topcoat. The name is French, but etymologically derived from the  Middle English word  paltok, meaning  a kind of jacket.

Historically, it was a semi-fitted to fitted coat, double-breasted or single-breasted, the front sometimes fastened by a fly, with or without pleats, and with or without pockets. A modern paletot is a classic business overcoat, usually double-breasted with a 6×2 button arrangement, the top buttons placed wider apart and not fastened, with peaked lapels, a flat back and no belt. A paletot is often made of flannel or tweed in charcoal or navy blue.

Tweed
Tweed is a rough, woollen fabric, of a soft, open, flexible texture, resembling cheviot or homespun, but more closely woven. It is usually woven with a plain weave, twill or herringbone structure. Colour effects in the yarn may be obtained by mixing dyed wool before it is spun.

Tweeds are a staple of traditional Scottish, Irish, Welsh, and English clothing, being desirable for informal outerwear, due to the material being moisture-resistant and durable. Tweeds are made to withstand harsh climates and are commonly worn for outdoor activities such as shooting and hunting. In Ireland, tweed manufacturing is now most associated with County Donegal but originally covered the whole country. In Scotland, tweed manufacturing is most associated with the Isle of Harris in the Hebrides.
Independent Nuclear Disarmament Election Committee
The Independent Nuclear Disarmament Election Committee (INDEC) was a splinter group of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) in the United Kingdom.  It was founded in April 1962 by CND members including Pat Arrowsmith and Vanessa Redgrave.  The group stood candidates in the 1964 general election in Bromley and Twickenham, but achieved a mere 1,534 votes.

The following year, Arrowsmith re-emerged with the Radical Alliance.  Again they stood in elections, but won only 163 votes in the 1966 United Kingdom general election, although Richard Gott did win 253 votes for the party in the prior Kingston upon Hull North by-election.  The group appears to have then been dissolved.

1966 Kingston upon Hull North by-election
The 1966 Kingston upon Hull North by-election of 27 January 1966 was held after the death of Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Henry Solomons on 7 November 1965. The seat was retained with an increased majority by Kevin McNamara of the Labour Party. This has been attributed to the announcement of the construction of the Humber Bridge by the government during the campaign.
Bellevue (Accokeek, Maryland)
Bellevue is a historic plantation house located at 200 Manning Road East, in Accokeek, Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. This Greek Revival style home was constructed in about 1840. It is one of only three surviving examples in Prince George's County of the once-popular Tidewater house style, typical of small plantations of that period. Bellevue is in excellent condition, and retains its freestanding chimneys with brick pent, as well as a roughly contemporary kitchen wing. The house stands on a five-acre, partially wooded lot which exemplifies its original plantation setting.

Bellevue was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Newlands Chase
The Newlands Chase is a Grade 3 National Hunt steeplechase in Ireland which is open to horses aged five years or older. 
It is run at Naas over a distance of about 2 miles (3,218 metres) and during the race there are 10 fences to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place each year in late February or early March.

The race was run as a handicap until 1994, was not run in 1995, and returned in 1996 as a Listed race.  The race was raised to Grade 2 status in 2003 and was downgraded to Grade 3 in 2017. It is currently sponsored by Paddy Power bookmakers and run under a sponsored title.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Klaas Slootmans
Klaas Slootmans (born 8 September 1983 in Halle, Belgium) is a Belgian-Flemish politician for the Vlaams Belang party who currently serves as a member of the Flemish Parliament for the Flemish Brabant region. He was first elected in 2019. Following his election he was designated as a Senator by the party. Slootmans graduated with a master's degree in political science from the Free University of Brussels before becoming a politician.

Halle, Belgium
Halle (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɑlə] ⓘ; French: Hal, pronounced [al] ⓘ) is a Belgian city and municipality in the Halle-Vilvoorde district (arrondissement) of the province of Flemish Brabant. It is located on the Brussels–Charleroi Canal and on the Flemish side of the language border that separates Flanders and Wallonia. Halle lies on the border between the Flemish plains to the North (thick loam) and the undulating Brabant lands to the South (thinner loam). The city also borders on the Pajottenland to the west. It is about 22 km (14 mi) southwest of Brussels. The official language of Halle is Dutch, as in the rest of Flanders.

The municipality comprises the city of Halle proper and the towns of Buizingen and Lembeek. The neighboring towns are: Pepingen, Sint-Pieters-Leeuw, Beersel, Braine-l'Alleud, Braine-le-Château, and Tubize. The population of Halle has increased from 32,758 inhabitants in 1991 to 39,536 on 1 January 2019. The mayor is Eva Demesmaeker of the N-VA party.
Gordon Kerr (swimmer)
Gordon Maxfield Kerr (October 4, 1917 – March 31, 2009) was a Canadian backstroke swimmer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.  He advanced to the semi-finals of the 100-metre backstroke, but did not qualify for the final.  He finished tenth overall.

At the 1938 British Empire Games in Sydney, he won the silver medal in the 100-yard backstroke competition.  He was also a member of the Canadian team which won the silver medal in the 3×110-yard medley relay.

1938 British Empire Games
The 1938 British Empire Games were the third British Empire Games, the event that evolved to become the Commonwealth Games. Held in Sydney, Australia, from 5–12 February 1938, they were timed to coincide with Sydney's sesqui-centenary (150 years since the foundation of British settlement in Australia). Venues included the Sydney Cricket Ground (the main stadium), the North Sydney Olympic Pool and Henson Park. An estimated 40,000 people attended the opening ceremony. A men's residential village was established within the grounds of the Sydney Showground, while the female athletes were housed in hotels.

The star of the games was the Australian athlete Decima Norman, who won five gold medals in track and field. Margaret Dovey, later married to Australian prime minister Gough Whitlam, finished sixth in the 220 yards breaststroke.

Due to the onset of World War II, the games were not held again until 1950.
Billy Smith (footballer, born 1882)
William Alfred Smith (April 1882 – after 1912) was an English professional footballer who made 38 appearances in the Football League playing for West Bromwich Albion and Birmingham. He played as a right-sided forward.

Smith was born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire. He began his football career with Old Hill Wanderers and Worcester City before joining Second Division champions West Bromwich Albion in 1902. He played 21 league games for the club before dropping back into non-league football with Brierley Hill Alliance. In 1908 he returned to the Football League with Birmingham, where he formed a useful partnership with Benny Green. He lost his place when Jack Wilcox arrived, and moved back to Coventry City. A period with Birmingham Combination club Nuneaton Town preceded a third spell at Coventry.

Birmingham Combination
The Birmingham Combination was an English football competition for teams in Birmingham and the surrounding areas, which was active from 1892 until 1954. It was founded as the Birmingham & District Junior League, and changed its name in 1908. The league was also affiliated to the Birmingham County F.A. Winners of the league would have had to have been elected to the Birmingham & District League in order to gain promotion.
Gawin (surname)
Gawin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

August Gawin (1869–1945), Polish-born American politician

Dariusz Gawin (born 1964), Polish historian and sociologist

Jerzy Gawin (1922–1944), Polish scout master

Tadeusz Gawin (born 1951), Belarusian Polish journalist and activist

Jerzy Gawin
Jerzy Gawin otherwise known as "Słoń" (Polish for elephant), was a Polish scoutmaster, part of Gray Ranks and an anti-Nazi activist. He fought in Batalion Zośka during Operation Arsenal and died in the Warsaw Uprising. He also appeared a number of times in Polish literature, most notably in Aleksander Kamiński's Stones for the Rampart.
Silicon Systems
Silicon Systems Inc. (SSi) (not to be confused with SiliconSystems, Inc.) was an American semiconductor company based in Tustin, California. The company manufactured mixed-signal integrated circuits and semiconductors for telecommunications and data storage.

Tustin, California
Tustin is a city in Orange County, California, United States, within the Los Angeles metropolitan area. In 2020, Tustin had a population of 80,276. The city does not include the unincorporated community of North Tustin.
Pampa Guanaco Airport
Pampa Guanaco Airport Spanish: Aeropuerto Pampa Guanaco (IATA: DPB, ICAO: SCBI) is a rural airport near Inútil Bay, serving Camerón in the Timaukel commune, part of the Tierra del Fuego province in the Magallanes Region of Chile.

There is a low ridge south and west of the runway.

Tierra del Fuego Province, Chile
Tierra del Fuego Province (Spanish: Provincia de Tierra del Fuego) is one of four provinces in the southern Chilean region of Magallanes and Antártica Chilena (XII). It includes the Chilean or western part of the main island of Tierra del Fuego, except for the part south of the Cordillera Darwin, which is in Antártica Chilena Province.

Chilean Tierra del Fuego has two towns, Porvenir, capital of the province, and Cerro Sombrero, and a number of small villages. A key geographical feature is Bahía Inútil ("Useless Bay"), so named by British geographers in the late 19th century because the bay is not useful as a port.
CSS Beauregard
Four ships operated by the Confederate States of America were named Beauregard, after P. G. T. Beauregard, a Confederate States Army general.

CSS Beauregard (Army steamer), a Confederate steamer captured by the Union Navy while with a bomb boat.

CSA Beauregard, an army steamer, captured by United States Army forces.

Beauregard, a privateer two-masted brig schooner, captured.

CS Beauregard, an army schooner, burned to prevent capture.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Branislav Mezei
Branislav Mezei (born October 8, 1980) is a Slovak professional ice hockey player. Mezei is a defenceman currently with HK Nitra of the Slovak Extraliga. Mezei has previous played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the New York Islanders and Florida Panthers. Mezei also played for Barys Astana and HC Plzen of the KHL, and Espoo Blues of the SM-liiga. Mezei was a first-round pick of the Islanders in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft, tenth overall.

HK Nitra
Hokejový Klub Nitra is a professional ice hockey club based in Nitra, Slovakia. The club has been a member of the Slovak Extraliga since the 2003–04 season and winner of Slovak Extraliga in the 2015–16 season and 2023–24 season.
Hippolyte Monplaisir
Hippolyte Monplaisir (1821, Bordeaux – 10 June 1877, Besana in Brianza) was a French dancer, choreographer and ballet master. He started his studies in Brussels after which he went to Milan to study under the legendary Carlos Blasis. He debuted at La Scala in 1843. His wife, Adèle, was a ballerina. He toured the U.S. performing successful european ballets under his father-in-law, Victor Bartholomin. Monplaisir would later retire as a danseur and chreograph ballets in Lisbon and Milan. In Italy he would create his biggest successes with the aid of Constantino Dall'Argine. His ballets were praised for their use of Prima ballerinas like Amalia Ferraris and Virginia Zucchi.

Ballet master
A ballet master (also balletmaster, ballet mistress, premier maître de ballet or premier maître de ballet en chef) is an employee of a ballet company who is responsible for the level of competence of the dancers in their company. In modern times, ballet masters are generally charged with teaching the daily company ballet class and rehearsing the dancers for both new and established ballets in the company's repertoire. The artistic director of a ballet company, whether a male or female, may also be called its ballet master.  Historic use of gender marking in job titles in ballet (and live theatre) is being supplanted by gender-neutral language job titles regardless of an employee's gender (e.g. ballet master in lieu of ballet mistress, wig master as an alternative to wig mistress).
Franz Sagmeister
Franz Sagmeister (born 21 October 1974) is a German bobsledder who competed from 1997 to 2005. He won a bronze medal in the two-man event at the 2003 FIBT World Championships in Lake Placid, New York.

Competing in two Winter Olympics, Sagmeister earned his best finish of sixth in the two-man event at Salt Lake City in 2002.

Sagmeister retired at the end of 2005, but attempted to come back with the German national team for the 2007-08 season with René Spies without success.

2007–08 Bobsleigh World Cup
The 2007–08 Bobsleigh World Cup is a multi race tournament over a season for bobsleigh. The season started on 26 November 2007 and ended on 10 February 2008. The World Cup is organised by the FIBT who also run world cups and championships in skeleton.
Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal
Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal is a bi-monthly peer-reviewed academic journal of Academy of Entrepreneurship that covers the fields of management and entrepreneurship, business model evolution, Family business, start-up, Customer relationship management, Consumer behaviour and e-commerce.

Its editors-in-chief are Sony Emeka Ali, Harmon Chaniago, and Muhammad Arsalan Nazir. It was established in 2015 and is published by Allied Business Academies, which is affiliated with the predatory OMICS Publishing Group.

Family business
Family business is a type of commercial organization in which management decisions are made or influenced by multiple generations of a family, related by blood, marriage or adoption, who have both the ability to influence the vision of the business and the willingness to use this ability to pursue distinctive goals. They are closely identified with the firm through leadership or ownership. Owner-manager entrepreneurial firms are not considered to be family businesses because they lack the multi-generational dimension and family influence that create the unique dynamics and relationships of family businesses.