hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Choptank River
The Choptank River is a major tributary of Chesapeake Bay and the largest river on the Delmarva Peninsula.  Running for 71 miles (114 km), it rises in Kent County, Delaware, runs through Caroline County, Maryland, and forms much of the border between Talbot County, Maryland, on the north, and Caroline County and Dorchester County on the east and south.  It is located north of the Nanticoke River, and its mouth is located south of Eastern Bay. Cambridge, the county seat of Dorchester County, and Denton, the county seat of Caroline County, are located on its south shore.

Its watershed area in Maryland is 1,004 square miles (2,600 km2), of which 224 square miles (580 km2) is open water, so it is 22% water.  The predominant land use is agricultural with 418 square miles (1,080 km2), or 48% of the land area. The river is named after the native Choptank people.

Kent County, Delaware
Kent County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Delaware. As of the 2020 census, the population was 181,851, making it the least populous county in Delaware, but the most populous county in the United States to be the least populous in its state. The county seat is Dover, the state capital of Delaware. It is named for Kent, an English county.

Kent County comprises the Dover metropolitan area, which is included in the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area.
Johann Maass
Johann Gebhard Ehrenreich Maass (German: Maaß; February 26, 1766 – December 23, 1823) was a German psychologist.

Maass was born in 1766 in Krottendorf near Halberstadt. In 1791 he became an extraordinary professor of philosophy, and in 1798 a full professor. Among his writings on psychology are Versuche: Über die Einbildungskraft (1792; 2nd ed. 1797), Über die Leidenschaften (1805–1807), and Über die Gefühle und Affekte (1811). He died in Halle in 1823.

Halberstadt
Halberstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈhalbɐˌʃtat] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Halverstidde) is a town in the state of Saxony-Anhalt in central Germany, the capital of Harz district. Located north of the Harz mountain range, it is known for its old town center, which was largely destroyed by Allied bombings in the late stages of World War II after local Nazi leaders refused to surrender. The town was rebuilt in the following decades.

In World War I Halberstadt was the site of a German military airbase and aircraft-manufacturing facilities. In World War II Halberstadt was a regional production center for Junkers aircraft, which also housed an SS forced labor camp. Halberstadt now includes the area where the Langenstein-Zwieberge concentration camp was situated.

Today the city has around 450 timber framed houses in its city centre and timber framed old villages like Langenstein.
James Cusack
James Cusack is a British broadcaster and DJ. He has presented for a number of UK radio networks, including BBC Radio 1, Capital and Heart. He has been a presenter at Heart since July 2018 and BBC Radio 1 from December 2020 onwards.

In 2017, he was the warm-up act for Olly Murs as part of his UK arena tour. Cusack has played a number of DJ sets across Europe from 2017 onwards, including Sziget Festival and Untold Festival. Cusack also appeared with CamelPhat at Amnesia in Ibiza.

Amnesia (nightclub)
Amnesia is a nightclub on the Spanish island of Ibiza. It opened in 1976 and won the title of Best Global Club in 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2011 at the IDMA Awards in Miami. The club is located close to the village of San Rafael on the highway between Sant Antoni de Portmany and Ibiza Town.
European Journal of Minority Studies
The European Journal of Minority Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag on behalf of the South Tyrolean Institute of Ethnic Groups (Bolzano). It covers minority languages, cultures, and identities. The journal was established in 2008 and originally published by Springer Science + Business Media. From 2013 to 2015 it was published by Verlag Österreich, moving to its current publisher in 2016. The editors-in-chief are Christoph Pan (South Tyrolean Institute of Ethnic Groups, University of Innsbruck), Franz Matscher (University of Salzburg), Manfred Kittel (University of Regensburg), Matthias Theodor Vogt (Hochschule Zittau-Görlitz), and Paul Videsott (Free University of Bozen, South Tyrolean Institute of Ethnic Groups).

University of Regensburg
The University of Regensburg (German: Universität Regensburg) is a public research university located in the city of Regensburg, Germany. The university was founded on 18 July 1962 by the Landtag of Bavaria as the fourth full-fledged university in Bavaria. Following groundbreaking in 1965, the university officially opened to students during the 1967–1968 winter semester, initially housing faculties in Law and Business Sciences and Philosophy. During the summer semester of 1968 the faculty of Theology was created. Currently, the University of Regensburg houses eleven faculties.

The university actively participates in the European Union's SOCRATES programme as well as part of the Compostela-Group. Its most famous academic, Pope Benedict XVI, served as a professor there until 1977 and formally retained his chair in theology.
Maarouf Saad
Maarouf Saad (Arabic: معروف سعد; 1910 or 1914–6 March 1975) was a Lebanese politician and activist. He served as Sidon's representative in the Parliament of Lebanon between 1957 and 1972. He founded the Popular Nasserite Organization in 1973. Saad was known to have a charismatic and populist relationship with the residents of Sidon and the adjacent Palestinian refugee camps, according to historian Samir Khalaf. Nonetheless, tensions developed between Saad and the Palestine Liberation Organization in the 1970s as they competed for influence in Sidon. Saad's assassination sparked the Lebanese Civil War, and he is considered by many historians the conflict's first casualty.

Palestinian refugee camps
Palestinian refugee camps were first established to accommodate Palestinians who were displaced by the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight during the 1948 Palestine war. Camps were established by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. A subsequent wave of Palestinian refugees were created in the Naksa after the Six-Day War in 1967.

There are 68 Palestinian refugee camps in total, 58 official and 10 unofficial, ten of which were established after the Six-Day War while the others were established in 1948 to 1950s.

Only a third of registered Palestinian refugees live within the boundaries of the refugee camps. Most have integrated socially and economically outside the camps. Many live in adjacent geographic areas.

The number of registered Palestine refugees grew from 750,000 in 1950 to around 5 million in 2013.
Eastern Suburban Football Conference
The Eastern Suburban Football Conference is a high school football conference with its members located east of the Madison metropolitan area. Founded in 2020 and administered by the Capitol Conference, its member schools are affiliated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association
The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) is the regulatory body for all high school sports in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Its history dates to 1895, making it the earliest continually existing high school athletic organization in the country. It also provides the licensing program for more than 10,000 officials in the state, and oversees junior high or middle school athletics in about 100 of the state's nearly 400 school districts. Among its duties are the administration of state tournament series in its various sports, overseeing eligibility and conference alignment, and promoting sportsmanship.
Fear Nothing (song)
Fear Nothing is a song by Belgian recording artist Selah Sue. It was written by Sue and Matt Schwartz for her second studio album Reason (2015), while production was helmed by the latter. Distributed by Warner Music Group, it was released as the album's fourth single by Because Music on December 10, 2015.

Selah Sue
Sanne Greet A. Putseys (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsɑnə pʏtˈsɛis]; born 3 May 1989), known professionally as Selah Sue, is a Belgian musician and songwriter. Her debut album, Selah Sue (2011), was a major success, selling over 720,000 copies in Europe, 320,000 in France alone.

In 2011, she had chart success with the hit singles "Raggamuffin", "Crazy Vibes" and "This World". In 2011, Selah Sue won a European Border Breakers Award (EBBA). In January 2012 during the EBBA award ceremony she was presented with the EBBA Public Choice Award.

On 28 August 2012, her debut album was also released in the United States, where the album received positive reviews. More than 400,000 downloads were counted in one week. Rolling Stone magazine named Selah Sue as one of the new faces of 2012.
Roads in Serbia
Roads in Serbia are the backbone of its transportation system and an important part of the European road network. The total length of roads in  the country is 45,419 km, and they are categorized as "state roads" (total length of 16,179 km) or "municipal roads" (total length of 23,780 km). All state roads in Serbia are maintained by the public, nation-wide, road construction company JP Putevi Srbije.

Zaječar
Zaječar (Serbian Cyrillic: Зајечар, pronounced [zâjɛtʃar]; Romanian: Zaicear or Zăiceari) is a city and the administrative center of the Zaječar District in eastern Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city administrative area had a population of 48,621 inhabitants. 
Zaječar is widely known for its rock music festival Gitarijada and for the ZALET festival dedicated to contemporary art. Roman Emperor Galerius was born in Gamzigrad, near Zaječar, where he built the city of Felix Romuliana.
Ellington Is Forever Volume Two
Ellington Is Forever Volume Two is an album by guitarist Kenny Burrell featuring compositions associated with Duke Ellington recorded in 1975 and released on the Fantasy Records label. Originally released as a double album set in 1977 it was rereleased on CD in 1994.

Fantasy Records
Fantasy Records is an American independent record label company founded by brothers Max and Sol Stanley Weiss in 1949. The early years of the company were dedicated to issuing recordings by jazz pianist Dave Brubeck, who was also one of its investors, but in more recent years the label has been known for its recordings of comedian Lenny Bruce, jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi, the last recordings made on the Wurlitzer organ in the San Francisco Fox Theatre before the theatre was demolished, organist Korla Pandit, the 1960s rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival, bandleader Woody Herman, and disco and R&B singer Sylvester.
Jan Konarski
Jan Konarski (1447–1525) was a Polish nobleman who was Bishop of Kraków (1503–1524).

Konarski was born in 1447 to a family that claimed the Abdank heraldry. Because he was a member of the petty nobility, he had to rely on regal connections in order to achieve political success.

In 1518, as Bishop of Kraków, Konarski founded a church in Kobylin dedicated to Saint Stanislaus. Elsewhere, he financed several other dedications to Saint Stanislaus including art, an altar, and a reliquary. Konarski also welcomed Queen Bona Sforza to Kraków during her coronation in 1518. Later, during the Reformation, Konarski ordered the printing and distribution of Exsurge Domine, a papal bull that condemned Martin Luther's writings. He provided his own preface where he personally also warned of Martin Luther's new writings.

Konarski's tomb is located within Wawel Cathedral.

Bona Sforza
Bona Sforza (2 February 1494 – 19 November 1557) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the second wife of Sigismund the Old, and Duchess of Bari and Rossano by her own right. She was a surviving member of the powerful House of Sforza, which had ruled the Duchy of Milan since 1450.

Smart, energetic and ambitious, Bona became heavily involved in the political and cultural life of the Polish–Lithuanian union. To increase state revenue during the Chicken War, she implemented various economic and agricultural reforms, including the far-reaching Wallach Reform in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In foreign policy, she allied with the Ottoman Empire and sometimes opposed the Habsburgs. Her descendants became beneficiaries of the Neapolitan sums, a loan to Philip II of Spain that was never completely paid.
Peasant leagues (Brazil)
The peasant leagues (Portuguese: ligas camponesas) were social organizations composed of sharecroppers, subsistence farmers and other small agriculturalists. They originated in the agreste region of Northeastern Brazil in the 1950s, organized by the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), and were later picked up by Francisco Julião, a member of the Democratic Labor Party (PDT) and other socialists. The leagues were founded to improve rural workers' living standards; their later objective was to oppose the region's power of latifundia.

Sharecropping
Sharecropping is a legal arrangement in which a landowner allows a tenant (sharecropper) to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Sharecropping is different from tenant farming, which provides the tenant greater autonomy, and higher economic and social status.

Sharecropping may be a traditional arrangement of land governed by law. The French métayage, the Catalan masoveria, the Castilian mediero, the Polish połownictwo and Russian izdolshchina, the Italian mezzadria, and the Islamic system of muzara‘a (المزارعة), are examples of legal systems that have supported sharecropping.
1973–74 Kent Football League
The 1973–74 Kent Football League season was the eighth in the history of the Kent Football League, a football competition featuring teams based in and around the county of Kent in England.

The league comprised one division and there was also a league cup competition, the Challenge Cup.

Tunbridge Wells F.C.
Tunbridge Wells Football Club is a football club based in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. They are currently members of the Southern Counties East League Premier Division. They play their home games at Culverden Stadium. The club is affiliated to the Kent County Football Association.
Taczanowskia
Taczanowskia is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1879. Contrary to the common name of the family, spiders of the genus Taczanowskia do not build webs and are furtive hunters, deceiving their prey by producing sex pheromones that attract male moths, and catching their prey by using a pair of enlarged claws at the tip of their anterior legs.

Eugen von Keyserling
Eugen von Keyserling (22 March 1833 in Pockroy, Lithuania – 4 April 1889 in Dzierżoniów, Silesia) was a Baltic-German arachnologist.

He studied in the University of Tartu.

He was the author of Die Spinnen Amerikas, and completed Die Arachniden Australiens (1871–1883) on behalf of Ludwig Carl Christian Koch.
2013 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election
The 2013 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election was held at the Omni Shoreham Hotel in Washington, D.C. on January 22, 2013, at the party's winter meeting to determine the next chairperson of the Democratic National Committee (DNC). The chair election was uncontested, and Debbie Wasserman Schultz was reelected chairperson through a unanimous consent vote.

Uncontested election
An uncontested election is an election in which the winning candidate did not face a serious challenger. This often entails the number of candidates being the same as or fewer than the number of places available for election, meaning that all candidates are guaranteed to be elected unless there are provisions provided for this. For example, in some election systems, absence of opposing candidates may not guarantee victory; possible factors are a quorum or minimum voter turnout; a none of the above option; or the availability of write-in candidates on the ballot. In some uncontested elections, the normal process of voters casting ballots and election official counting votes is cancelled as superfluous and costly; in other cases the election proceeds as a formality.

In liberal democracies, uncontested elections are a cause for concern because many understandings of democracy, such as that of Robert Dahl, rely on the idea of voters choosing among alternatives.
Nogushi
Nogushi (Russian: Ногуши; Bashkir: Нөгөш, Nögöş) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Nogushinsky Selsoviet, Belokataysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 628 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

Belokataysky District
Belokataysky District (Russian: Белоката́йский райо́н; Bashkir: Балаҡатай районы, Balaqatay rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic and borders with Sverdlovsk Oblast in the north, Chelyabinsk Oblast in the east, Kiginsky District in the south, and with Mechetlinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,037 square kilometers (1,173 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Novobelokatay. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 20,169, with the population of Novobelokatay accounting for 29.6% of that number.
1862 Birthday Honours
The 1862 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen, and were published in The London Gazette on 23 May and 25 July 1862.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
Emmett Watson's Oyster Bar
Emmett Watson's Oyster Bar is a seafood restaurant in Seattle's Pike Place Market, in the U.S. state of Washington. Seattle journalist Emmett Watson and his friend Sam Bryant opened the city's first oyster bar on February 18, 1979. The restaurant is now operated by Bryant's son Thurman.

Oyster bar
An oyster bar, also known as an oyster saloon, oyster house or a raw bar service, is a restaurant specializing in serving oysters, or a section of a restaurant which serves oysters buffet-style. Oysters have been consumed since ancient times and were common tavern food in Europe, but the oyster bar as a distinct restaurant began making an appearance in the 18th century.
2008 in video games
2008 saw many new installments in established video game franchises, such as Grand Theft Auto IV, Fallout 3, Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, Gears of War 2, Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Persona 4, Fable II, Call of Duty: World at War, Mario Kart Wii, Madden NFL 09, NBA Live 09, NBA 2K9, and WWE Smackdown vs. Raw 2009. New intellectual properties included Army of Two, Dead Space, Left 4 Dead, LittleBigPlanet, Mirror's Edge, iRacing, Race Driver: Grid, and Spore, De Blob, Meat Boy.

IRacing
iRacing is a subscription-based online sim racing video game developed and published by iRacing Studios in 2008. All in-game sessions are hosted on the publisher's servers. The game simulates real world cars, tracks, and racing events, and enforces rules of conduct modeled on real auto racing events.
Terror by Night
Terror by Night is a 1946 British Sherlock Holmes crime drama film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce. It was written by Frank Gruber.

The story revolves around the theft of a famous diamond aboard a train. The film's plot is a mostly original story not directly based on any of Arthur Conan Doyle's Holmes tales, but it uses minor plot elements of "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle," "The Adventure of the Empty House," "The Disappearance of Lady Frances Carfax," and "The Sign of Four".

The film is one of four films in the series which are in the public domain.

Frank Gruber
Frank Gruber (born February 2, 1904, Elmer, Minnesota, died December 9, 1969, Santa Monica, California) was an American writer of short stories, novels, and screenplays. Included in his work are stories for pulp fiction magazines, dozens of novels (mostly Westerns and detective yarns) and scripts for Hollywood movies and television shows. He sometimes wrote under the pen names Stephen Acre, Charles K. Boston and John K. Vedder, and also was the creator of three TV series.
Beaver Dam Wash National Conservation Area
The Beaver Dam Wash National Conservation Area is a 63,500-acre (257 km2) United States National Conservation Area located in southwest Utah west of St. George along the borders with Arizona and Nevada. It is managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System, and was authorized in the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009.

The Beaver Dam Wash National Conservation Area (NCA) is drained by Beaver Dam Wash in the watershed of the Virgin River, a tributary of the Colorado River. The NCA provides habitat for the desert tortoise, bighorn sheep, Joshua trees, and other threatened and sensitive species.

Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009
The Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111–11 (text) (PDF), H.R. 146) is a land management law passed in the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 30, 2009. The bill designates millions of acres in the US as protected and establishes a National Landscape Conservation System. It includes funding for programs, studies and other activities by the Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture, and in some cases bars further geothermal leasing, oil and gas leasing, and new mining patents on certain stretches of protected land.
Burton Agnes railway station
Burton Agnes railway station was a minor railway station serving the village of Burton Agnes on the Yorkshire Coast Line from Scarborough to Hull and was opened on 6 October 1846 by the York and North Midland Railway.  It was closed to passengers on 5 January 1970, although the disused platforms, derelict signal box and station buildings all remain, the latter still used as a private house.

York and North Midland Railway
The York and North Midland Railway (Y&NMR) was an English railway company that opened in 1839 connecting York with the Leeds and Selby Railway, and in 1840, extended this line to meet the North Midland Railway at Normanton near Leeds. Its first chairman was the railway financier George Hudson, who had been called the railway king.

The railway expanded, by building new lines or buying or leasing already built ones, to serve Hull, Scarborough, Whitby, Market Weighton, and Harrogate. In 1849 Hudson resigned as chairman as an investigation found financial irregularities in his running of the company. The results of a price war in the early 1850s led to amalgamation and on 31 July 1854 the Y&NMR merged with the Leeds Northern Railway and the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway to form the North Eastern Railway.