hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russian ship Vladimir Monomakh
At least two ships of the Imperial Russian, Soviet or Russian Navy have been named Vladimir Monomakh  after Vladimir II Monomakh.

Russian cruiser Vladimir Monomakh - Armoured cruiser launched in 1882 and sunk at the Battle of Tsushima in 1905.

Russian submarine Vladimir Monomakh - a Borei-class submarine launched in 2012.

Russian submarine Vladimir Monomakh
K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (Russian: АПЛ Владимир Мономах) is a Russian ballistic missile submarine of the fourth generation Borei class (Project 955) that became operational in 2015. It is named after Vladimir II Monomakh (1053–1125), the Grand Duke of Kievan Rus'.
1989 Davis Cup Americas Zone
The Americas Zone was one of the three zones of the regional Davis Cup competition in 1989.

In the Americas Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.

Chile Davis Cup team
The Chile men's national tennis team represents Chile in Davis Cup tennis tournament and is governed by Federación de tenis de Chile.  The team played in the World Group on 2019 and reached the final one time in 1976, losing the cup against Italy in Santiago. Chile is currently #17 in the ITF Davis Cup rankings. The team is currently captained by former Chilean tennis player Nicolás Massú.
NGC 7768
NGC 7768 is a large elliptical galaxy located in the constellation of Pegasus. Its velocity relative to the cosmic microwave background is 7,663  ±  28 km /s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 113.0 ± 7.9  Mpc (∼369  million light-years). NGC 7768 was discovered by the British astronomer John Herschel in  1828.

NGC 7768 forms a pair of galaxies with NGC 7767. Observations made by the Hubble Space Telescope have shown that the galaxy's nucleus is surrounded by a disk of matter with a mass estimated at about 7×10³ M☉

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Dolly Gray impostor
The Dolly Gray impostor, also known as Jack "Dolly" Gray, was an unknown American football player who played for the St. Louis All-Stars and Green Bay Packers during the 1923 National Football League (NFL) season. The impostor played under an alias, claiming to be an All-American from Princeton University in 1922; the only known player with the surname "Gray" to be awarded consensus All-American honors at Princeton in 1922 was Howdy Gray, who was also an end.

The impostor first tricked Ollie Kraehe, the owner and player-coach of the All-Stars. However, after a few games of poor play on the field, Kraehe realized his error. Instead of releasing "Gray", he exchanged him for cash with the Packers. "Gray" played only one game for the Packers and then disappeared. A few weeks later, Packers head coach Curly Lambeau cornered Kraehe after a game against the All-Stars; Kraehe admitted to the deception but said that it was only done as a joke. The impostor's identity remains unknown.

1923 NFL season
The 1923 NFL season was the fourth regular season of the National Football League (NFL). It was the second year after the name of the league was changed from the original "American Professional Football Association."

For the first time, all of the clubs that were considered to be part of the NFL fielded teams. The new clubs that entered the league included the Duluth Kelleys, the St. Louis All Stars (which only lasted one season), and a new Cleveland Indians team, while the Evansville Crimson Giants dropped out of the league and folded.

The Canton Bulldogs repeated as NFL Champions after ending the season with an 11–0–1 record. No championship game took place; rather the title was decided based upon winning percentage for games played with other National League teams.
Columns (video game)
Columns (Japanese: コラムス, Hepburn: Koramusu) is a match-three puzzle video game designed and developed by Jay Geertsen and shared in 1989. Originally developed for the Motorola 68000-based HP 9000 running HP-UX, it was ported to Mac and MS-DOS before being released commercially by Sega, who ported it to arcades and then to several Sega consoles. The game was subsequently ported to other home computers, including the Atari ST.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Nextant Aerospace
Nextant Aerospace is a United States–based company specializing in the remanufacturing of business jets.  Founded in 2007, Nextant is the first company to introduce the concept of aircraft remanufacturing to the business jet market.

Rockwell Collins
Rockwell Collins, Inc. was a multinational corporation headquartered in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, providing avionics and information technology systems and services to government agencies and aircraft manufacturers. It was formed when the Collins Radio Company, facing financial difficulties, was purchased by Rockwell International in 1973. In 2001, the avionics division of Rockwell International was spun off to form the current Rockwell Collins, Inc., retaining its name.

It was acquired by United Technologies Corporation on November 27, 2018, and since then operates as part of Collins Aerospace, a subsidiary of the RTX Corporation (formerly Raytheon Technologies).
Arkansas Highway 321
Highway 321 (AR 321, Ark. 321, Hwy. 321) is a designation for two north–south state highways in central Arkansas. One route of 11.20 miles (18.02 km) runs from Interstate 57 (I-57) in Cabot north to Highway 38 east of Austin. A second route of 3.79 miles (6.10 km) begins at AR 31 north of Beebe and runs north to Highway 267.

Lonoke County, Arkansas
Lonoke County is a county located in the Central Arkansas region of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 74,015, making it the 10th-most populous of Arkansas's 75 counties. The county seat is Lonoke and largest city is Cabot. Included in the Central Arkansas metropolitan area, with Little Rock as the principal city, it is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.
Western Sydney Regional Park
Western Sydney Regional Park is a large urban park and a nature reserve situated in Western Sydney, Australia within the suburbs of Horsley Park and Abbotsbury. A precinct of Western Sydney Parklands, and situated within the heart of the Cumberland Plain Woodland, the regional park features several picnic areas, recreational facilities, equestrian trails, and walking paths within the Australian bush.

The park is governed by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service and is listed under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. In a 2009–10 survey, the park had attracted approximately 430,000 visitors per annum.

National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974
The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 is the legislation passed by the New South Wales Parliament with the explicit intent of conserving the natural and cultural heritage of the state of New South Wales; fostering public appreciation, understanding and enjoyment of its natural and cultural heritage; and managing any lands reserved for the purposes of conserving and fostering public appreciation and enjoyment of its natural and cultural heritage.
HelenOS
HelenOS is an operating system based on a multiserver microkernel design. The source code of HelenOS is written in C and published under the BSD-3-Clause license.

The system is described as a “research development open-source operating system”.

Thread (computing)
In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system. In many cases, a thread is a component of a process.

The multiple threads of a given process may be executed concurrently (via multithreading capabilities), sharing resources such as memory, while different processes do not share these resources. In particular, the threads of a process share its executable code and the values of its dynamically allocated variables and non-thread-local global variables at any given time.

The implementation of threads and processes differs between operating systems.
Schünemann
Schünemann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernd Schünemann (born 1944), German jurist

Otto Schünemann (1891–1944) German General lieutenant

Uwe Schünemann (born 1964) German politician

Werner Schünemann (born 1959) Brazilian actor and film director

Otto Schünemann
Otto Schünemann (6 October 1891 – 29 June 1944) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. Schünemann was killed on 29 June 1944 near Mogilev during the Soviet 1944 summer offensive, Operation Bagration by a Soviet air attack on the Belynitschi-Beresino road.
Red fluorescent protein
Red fluorescent protein (RFP) is a protein which acts as a fluorophore, fluorescing red-orange when excited. The original variant occurs naturally in the coral genus Discosoma, and is named DsRed. Several new variants have been developed using directed mutagenesis which fluoresce orange, red, and far-red.

Far-red light
Far-red light is a range of light at the extreme red end of the visible spectrum, just before infrared light. Usually regarded as the region between 700 and 750 nm wavelength, it is dimly visible to human eyes. It is largely reflected or transmitted by plants because of the absorbance spectrum of chlorophyll, and it is perceived by the plant photoreceptor phytochrome. However, some organisms can use it as a source of energy in photosynthesis. Far-red light also is used for vision by certain organisms such as some species of deep-sea fishes and mantis shrimp.
Haplogroup R2
Haplogroup R2, or R-M479, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterised by genetic marker M479. It is one of two primary descendants of Haplogroup R (R-M207), the other being R1 (R-M173).

R-M479, especially its downstream R2a (R-M124), has been concentrated geographically in South Asia, Central Asia and parts of the Middle East since prehistory. R2 (excluding R2a) appears to reach its highest levels among the Burusho people in North Pakistan.

R2 has much lower rates of sampling compared to its R1 counterpart with 399 branches downstream off R-M479, opposed to 46,529 for R-M173.

It has two primary branches: R2a (M124) and R2b (R-FGC21706)

Genetic marker
A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species. It can be described as a variation (which may arise due to mutation or alteration in the genomic loci) that can be observed. A genetic marker may be a short DNA sequence, such as a sequence surrounding a single base-pair change (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP), or a long one, like minisatellites.
Blue Mongol
Blue Mongol is an album by trombonist Roswell Rudd and the Mongolian Buryat Band, a five-member ensemble led by Mongolian vocalist Badma Khanda, featuring horse-head fiddle and bass, instruments resembling zither, dulcimer, and flute, and a throat singer. It was recorded in 2005 at Nevessa Production in Saugerties, New York, and was released by Sunnyside Records later that year. The album is a continuation of the cross-cultural experiments that Rudd began pursuing with 2002's Malicool.

Rudd and the Mongolian Buryat Band toured the United States in late 2006. He reflected: "Listeners will be reminded of American folk music and aspects of the blues... I call their music 'art folk' because it combines the sophistication of conservatory training with the indigenous performance style of their long history."

Sunnyside Records
Sunnyside Records is an American jazz record company and label initially established by François Zalacain in 1982 to release an album by pianist Harold Danko. Albums by Kirk Lightsey and Lee Konitz soon followed, beginning a sequence of releases covering a cross-section of jazz, blues, classical, and world music.
Arcuri
Arcuri is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

A. J. Arcuri (born 1997), American football player

Alfie Arcuri (born 1988), Australian singer-songwriter

Felipe Arcuri (born 1974), Venezuelan musician, songwriter and composer

Jeff Arcuri (born 1987 or 1988), American stand-up comedian

Jennifer Arcuri (born 1985), American businessperson, known for her connection with Boris Johnson

Manuela Arcuri (born 1977), Italian actress, model and soubrette

Mike Arcuri (born 1959), American politician

A. J. Arcuri
A. J. Arcuri (born August 13, 1997) is an American professional football offensive tackle for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans and was selected by the Rams in the seventh round of the 2022 NFL draft.
Social Psychological and Personality Science
Social Psychological and Personality Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research in social and personality psychology. Its editor-in-chief is Margo Monteith (Purdue University). It was established in 2010 and is published by SAGE Publications. The journal is jointly owned by four different societies: the Association for Research in Personality, European Association of Social Psychology, Society of Experimental Social Psychology, and Society for Personality and Social Psychology.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
London Medical and Surgical Journal
The London Medical and Surgical Journal was a British medical journal first published as a monthly in 1828. The founding editors-in-chief were John Davies, John Epps, and Joseph Houlton. The editorial line was in favour of medical reform. It also wrote from the perspective of independent medical teachers and general practitioners in London, and represented the Dissenter interest. In the same market as The Lancet, it was less scurrilous and at 6d. competed on price.

The journal closed down shortly after its editor, Michael Ryan, became insolvent in 1836.

Dissenter
A dissenter (from the Latin dissentire, 'to disagree') is one who dissents (disagrees) in matters of opinion, belief, etc. Dissent may include political opposition to decrees, ideas or doctrines and it may include opposition to those things or the fiat of a government, political party or religion.
Dorkay House
Dorkay House is situated on Portion 168 of Farm Turnfontein at 5–7 Eloff Street, Johannesburg, South Africa. It was constructed in 1952 and was designed by architect Colman Segal (1923–1988). It takes its name from the original owner, Dora Kotzen.

Hugh Masekela
Hugh Ramapolo Masekela (4 April 1939 – 23 January 2018) was a South African trumpeter, flugelhornist, cornetist, singer and composer who was described as "the father of South African jazz". Masekela was known for his jazz compositions and for writing well-known anti-apartheid songs such as "Soweto Blues" and "Bring Him Back Home". He also had a number-one US pop hit in 1968 with his version of "Grazing in the Grass".
Pistolet-pulemet
Pistolet-pulemet (Пистоле́т-пулемёт) means submachine gun in Russian. The name is most often used in relation to a series of weapons made by the Soviet Union which includes PPD-40, PPSh-41 and PPS-43. The letter after the PP (ПП) in the gun's designation is from the designer's name. For example, the "Sh" in PPSh stands for Shpagin (Russian: Шпагин).

This name is also used in submachine guns manufactured in Russian Federation. For example, PP-19 Bizon, PP-93 and PP-2000.

PPD-40
The PPD (Russian: Пистоле́т-пулемёт Дегтярёва, romanized: Pistolet-pulemyot Degtyaryova, lit. 'Degtyaryov's machine pistol') is a submachine gun originally designed in 1934 by Vasily Degtyaryov. The PPD had a conventional wooden stock, fired from an open bolt, and was capable of selective fire. It was replaced by the PPSh-41.
Penarth Lifeboat Station
Penarth Lifeboat Station (Welsh: Gorsaf Bad Achub Penarth) is located on the Esplanade in Penarth, a town and seaside resort on the north coast of the Bristol Channel, approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Cardiff, in the county of Vale of Glamorgan, Wales.

A lifeboat was first stationed at Penarth by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution in 1861. The station was closed in 1905, with services transferred to other local stations until 1980, when the station reopened on Penarth seafront with an Inshore lifeboat.

The station currently operates an Atlantic 85-class Inshore lifeboat, (B-839) Maureen Lilian (B-839), on station since 2010, and a D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat, Spirit of Penarth II (D-822), on station since 2018.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Malayappan Chinnappa
Aesu Malayappan Chinnappa or A. M. Chinnappa is the Archbishop Emeritus of Madras-Mylapore and the Founder of the Society of God's Reign (Currently a Public Association). He was formerly Bishop of Vellore.

Association of the Christian faithful
In the Catholic Church, an association of the Christian faithful or simply association of the faithful (Latin: consociationes christifidelium), sometimes called a public association of the faithful, is a group of baptized persons, clerics or laity or both together, who, according to the 1983 Code of Canon Law, jointly foster a more perfect life or promote public worship or Christian teaching, or who devote themselves to other works of the apostolate.

A 20th-century resurgence of interest in lay societies culminated in the Second Vatican Council, but lay ecclesial societies have long existed in forms such as sodalities (defined in the 1917 Code of Canon Law as associations of the faithful constituted as an organic body), confraternities (similarly defined as sodalities established for the promotion of public worship), medieval communes, and guilds.
Chisocheton ceramicus
Chisocheton ceramicus is a tree in the family Meliaceae. It grows up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 40 centimetres (16 in). The bark is dark brown. The fragrant flowers are pinkish. The fruits are roundish, orange-red, up to 4.5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The tree is named for Seram Island in Indonesia's Maluku. Habitat is forests from sea level to 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) altitude. C. ceramicus is found in Thailand, Vietnam, throughout Malesia and New Britain.

Seram Island
Seram (formerly spelled Ceram; also Seran or Serang) is the largest and main island of Maluku province of Indonesia, despite Ambon Island's historical importance. It is located just north of the smaller Ambon Island and a few other adjacent islands, such as Saparua, Haruku, Nusa Laut and the Banda Islands.
Zeta function universality
In mathematics, the universality of zeta functions is the remarkable ability of the Riemann zeta function and other similar functions (such as the Dirichlet L-functions) to approximate arbitrary non-vanishing holomorphic functions arbitrarily well.

The universality of the Riemann zeta function was first proven by Sergei Mikhailovitch Voronin in 1975 and is sometimes known as Voronin's universality theorem.

Sergei Mikhailovitch Voronin
Sergei Mikhailovitch Voronin (Russian: Сергей Михайлович Воронин; March 11, 1946 – October 18, 1997) was a Russian mathematician who specialized in number theory. He is known for a theorem showing that the critical strip of the Riemann zeta function has the property of universality.

He also did work in additive number theory and applications of number theory to numerical analysis. He was also interested in the history of mathematics.
Debridement
Debridement is the medical removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing potential of the remaining healthy tissue. Removal may be surgical, mechanical, chemical, autolytic (self-digestion), or by maggot therapy.

In podiatry, practitioners such as chiropodists, podiatrists and foot health practitioners remove conditions such as calluses and verrucas.

Debridement is an important part of the healing process for burns and other serious wounds; it is also used for treating some kinds of snake and spider bites.

Sometimes the boundaries of the problem tissue may not be clearly defined. For example, when excising a tumor, there may be micrometastases along the edges of the tumor that are too small to be detected, but if not removed, could cause a relapse. In such circumstances, a surgeon may opt to debride a portion of the surrounding healthy tissue to ensure that the tumor is completely removed.

Micrometastasis
A micrometastasis is a small collection of cancer cells that has been shed from the original tumor and spread to another part of the body through the lymphovascular system. Micrometastases are too few in size and quantity to be picked up in a screening or diagnostic test, and therefore cannot be seen with imaging tests such as a mammogram, MRI, ultrasound, PET, or CT scans. These migrant cancer cells may group together to form a second tumor, which is so small that it can only be seen under a microscope. Approximately 90 per cent of people who die from cancer die from metastatic disease, since these cells are so challenging to detect. It is important for these cancer cells to be treated immediately after discovery, in order to prevent the relapse (regrowth of the cancer) and the likely death of the patient.