hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kosmas, Greece
Kosmas (Greek: Κοσμάς) is a mountain village and a former community in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. It is considered a traditional settlement. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality South Kynouria, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 85.220 km2. Kosmas is situated in the southeastern part of the Parnon mountains, at about 1150 m elevation, on the road from Skala (Laconia) to Leonidio. It is 13 km southwest of Leonidio, 28 km east of Sparti, 28 km northeast of Skala, 35 km south of Argos and 57 km southeast of Tripoli. Kosmas has a school, a church and a library.

Peloponnese (region)
The Peloponnese Region (Greek: Περιφέρεια Πελοποννήσου, romanized: Periféria Peloponnísou, [periˈferia pelopoˈnisu]) is a region in southern Greece. It borders Western Greece to the north and Attica to the north-east. The region has an area of about 15,490 square kilometres (5,980 square miles). It covers most of the Peloponnese peninsula, except for the northwestern subregions of Achaea and Elis which belong to Western Greece and a small portion of the Argolid peninsula that is part of Attica.
Arianna in Creta
Arianna in Creta ("Ariadne in Crete", HWV 32) is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was adapted by Francis Colman from Pietro Pariati's Arianna e Teseo, a text previously set by Nicola Porpora in 1727 and Leonardo Leo in 1729.

Pietro Pariati
Pietro Pariati (Reggio Emilia, 27 March 1665- Vienna, 14 October 1733) was an Italian poet and librettist. From 1714-1729 he was Metastasio's predecessor at the Vienna court of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor.
Kotorosl
The Kotorosl (Russian: Ко́торосль) is a right tributary of the Volga in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. The river flows from Lake Nero near Rostov past Karabikha and enters the Volga in Yaroslavl. It is 132 kilometres (82 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 6,370 square kilometres (2,460 sq mi).

In the medieval ages, the river was highly important strategically, for it connected Rostov with major waterways of Russia. The Kotorosl's main tributary is the Ustye, which flows past Semibratovo to Borisogleb, discharging into the Ustye from the left.

Karabikha
Karabikha (Russian: Кара́биха) is a village in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located 15 kilometers to the south of Yaroslavl center. The great Russian poet Nikolay Nekrasov lived and worked there for some time.  There is now a Nekrasov museum in the village.

57°30′34″N 39°45′22″E﻿ / ﻿57.50944°N 39.75611°E﻿ / 57.50944; 39.75611
Roman villa of Frielas
The Roman Villa of Frielas is located in the parish of Frielas in the municipality of Loures in the Lisbon District of Portugal. It fell under the territory of the Roman settlement of Olisipo, which covered a large area from Lisbon to the south to Torres Vedras in the north. It is believed to have been re-used in the medieval period during the Islamic occupation of Portugal. Excavations began in 1997 and are continuing, over an area of about 3500 square metres. Since 2012 the villa has been classified as a Site of Public Interest.

Frielas
Frielas (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɾiˈɛlɐʃ]) is a former civil parish in the municipality of Loures, Lisbon District, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Santo António dos Cavaleiros e Frielas. Frielas has an area of 5.63 km2, 2676 inhabitants according to the census made in 2001 and a density of 475 inhabitants per km2.
Marta Sordi
Marta Sordi (18 November 1925, in Livorno – 5 April 2009, in Milan) was an Italian historian of classical antiquity, best remembered for her various publications on Greek and Roman history. A graduate of the University of Milan, she was an assistant to Silvio Accame, and taught at the University of Messina, the University of Bologna and the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. She was a member of the Istituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere, the Pontifical Academy of Archaeology, and the Istituto Nazionale di Studi Etruschi ed Italici. She was awarded a Medal of the City of Paris in 1997, and a Rosa Camuna from the regional council of Lombardy in 2002.

Istituto Nazionale di Studi Etruschi ed Italici
Istituto Nazionale di Studi Etruschi ed Italici (English: Institute for Etruscan and Italic Studies) is a cultural institution based in Florence, Tuscany, Italy. It was founded in 1925 with the aim of promoting and enhancing in Italy and worldwide studies on the Etruscan civilization and other peoples of ancient Italy.
Mayna, Ulyanovsk Oblast
Mayna (Russian: Майна) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Maynsky District of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. Population:  7,109 (2010 Census); 7,974 (2002 Census); 8,216 (1989 Soviet census).

Ulyanovsk Oblast
Ulyanovsk Oblast (Russian: Ульяновская область, romanized: Ulyanovskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It is located in the Volga Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Ulyanovsk. It has a population of 1,292,799 (2010 Census).

The area of Ulyanovsk Oblast corresponds to the former Simbirsk Governorate which formerly existed as an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, replacing the Simbirsk Viceroyalty from 1796 and later, Bolshevik Russia. The governorate was renamed to Ulyanovsk Governorate, in honor of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov), for whom he was born in Simbirsk after his death in 1924. In 1928, Ulyanovsk became an okrug and the present day Ulyanovsk Oblast was formed in 1943 merging some parts of Kuybyshev and Penza Oblasts.
Bembecia megillaeformis
Bembecia megillaeformis is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in central and south-eastern Europe, east to Turkey, Uralsk, the Crimea and the Black Sea.

The wingspan is 18–22 millimetres (0.71–0.87 in). Adults are on wing from June to August.

The larvae feed on Genista tinctoria, Genista ratisbonensis, Cytisus hirsutus, Colutea arborescens, Chamaecytisus, Astragalus glycyphyllos and Corothamus procumbens.

Genista tinctoria
Genista tinctoria, the dyer's greenweed or dyer's broom, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. Its other common names include dyer's whin, waxen woad and waxen wood. The Latin specific epithet tinctoria means "used as a dye".
Miserden Castle
Miserden Castle was a castle near the village of Miserden in Gloucestershire, England.

The castle is a large motte and bailey Norman castle, built before 1146 by Robert Musard, after whose family the local village is named. The castle overlooks the River Frome and included a 60-foot (18 m) wide shell keep, protected by a stone wall and a moat. The castle is positioned on a rocky spur, and the north side of the castle was probably flooded from the river to produce a wet moat, further strengthening the considerable defences. Musard was killed by forces loyal to King Stephen during the years of the Anarchy and the castle seized by Philip of Gloucester, but the castle survived into at least the 13th century. Some earthworks and masonry structures remain.

Shell keep
A shell keep is a style of medieval fortification, best described as a stone structure circling the top of a motte.

In English castle morphology, shell keeps are perceived as the successors to motte-and-bailey castles, with the wooden fence around the top of the motte replaced by a stone wall. Castle engineers during the Norman period did not trust the motte to support the enormous weight of a stone keep. A common solution to this problem was to replace the palisade with a stone wall and then build wooden buildings backing onto the inside of the wall. This construction was lighter than a keep and prevented the walls from being undermined, meaning they could be thinner and lighter.
Adoration of the Christ Child (Gentile da Fabriano)
The Adoration of the Christ Child is a tempera and gold on panel painting by the  Italian late medieval artist Gentile da Fabriano, dating from around  1420–1421 and housed in the Getty Center of Los Angeles, United States.

The work is generally dated from between Gentile's quick stay in his hometown, Fabriano, in the Spring of 1420, and his arrival to Florence in the following summer. There are indeed similarities with the female faces in the Adoration of the Magi, although the presence of copies by local followers in the Marche and Dalmatia could imply that the painting was at some location in the Adriatic Sea area.

Gentile da Fabriano
Gentile da Fabriano (c. 1370 – 1427) was an Italian painter known for his participation in the International Gothic pictorial style. He worked in various places in central Italy, mostly in Tuscany.

His best-known works are his Adoration of the Magi from the Strozzi Altarpiece (1423), and the Flight into Egypt. Following a visit to Florence in 1419, he came in contact with humanism, which influenced his work throughout the rest of his career. He became highly influential on other painters in Florence, especially with his detailed representations inspired by his observations of the natural world.
Amdursky
Amdursky is a Jewish surname. Notable persons with that name include:

Benny Amdursky, Israeli singer from the Israeli duo Dudaim
Assaf Amdursky (born 1971), Israeli singer, songwriter and music producer, and son of Benny Amdursky
Michal Amdursky (born 1975), Israeli dancer and singer, and ex-wife of Assaf Amdursky

Dudaim
The Dudaim (Hebrew: הדודאים) was an Israeli folk duo which was active between the years 1957–1993, consisting of vocalist Benny Amdursky and guitarist Israel Gurion (born 1935). The name of the band Dudaim comes from the Hebrew word for the mandrake plant, which is native to the Mediterranean region.
Geoffrey B Saxe
Geoffrey B. Saxe (born June 12, 1948) is an American developmental psychologist. He is a Distinguished Professor of the Graduate School in the School of Education at UC Berkeley. He is a former President of the Jean Piaget Society for the Study of Knowledge and Development, elected member of the National Academy of Education, elected fellow of the American Educational Research Association, and former Editor-in-Chief of the international journal, Human Development.

Saxe's research focuses on the interplay between cultural and cognitive developmental processes in the reproduction and alteration of ideas in human communities. Using mathematics as an illustrative domain, Saxe situates his work in the collective practices of daily life. He has also extended his developmental perspective to a program of design research in mathematics education.

American Educational Research Association
The American Educational Research Association (AERA, /ˈɛərə/, AIR-ə) is a professional organization representing education researchers in the United States and around the world.

Founded in 1916, the organization represents a range of disciplines, including education, psychology, statistics, sociology, history, economics, philosophy, anthropology, and political science.

AERA has 25,000 members, including scientists, teachers, students, administrators, representatives of state and local agencies, counselors, and evaluators.

AERA's mission is to advance knowledge about education and promote the use of research in educational practices both nationally and abroad.
K7031/7032 Harbin–Suihua through train
The K7031/7032 Harbin–Suihua through train (Chinese: K7031/7032次哈尔滨到绥化快速列车) is a Chinese railway running between Harbin to Suihua express passenger trains by the Harbin Railway Bureau, Harbin passenger segment responsible for passenger transport task, Habin originating on the Suihua train. 25B Type Passenger trains running along the Binbei Railway across Heilongjiang provinces, the entire 125 km. Harbin East Railway Station to Suihua Railway Station running 1 hours and 35 minutes, use trips for K7031; Suihua Railway Station to Harbin Railway Station to run 1 hours and 57 minutes, use trips for K7032.

Suihua
Suihua (Chinese: 绥化) is a prefecture-level city in west-central Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, adjacent to Yichun to the east, Harbin, the provincial capital, to the south, Daqing to the west, Qiqihar to the northwest and Heihe to the north. It has 3,756,167 inhabitants at the 2020 census, of whom 698,025 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Beilin District.By the end of 2024, the resident population of the city will be 3.461 million.
Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi
Al Wathba (Arabic: ٱلْوَثْبَة, romanized: Al-Wathbah) is a suburb of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates that has a wetland nearby. It is located not too far from Zayed International Airport. It is also known as Zayed Festival village because of the Sheikh Zayed Festival, an important festival in Abu Dhabi which is held here.

Al Wathba was introduced after Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan became the Ruler of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi in 1966, he set about further developing the Emirate, spending on healthcare, education and infrastructure. As part of his plan to develop the city of Abu Dhabi, in the 1980s, he invited Sir William Sydney Atkins, of the company W.S. Atkins and Partners (Atkins), to plan the development of Abu Dhabi and what would become the satellites of Al Wathba, Al Shahama and Baniyas, where a number of local Bedouins and immigrants from other parts of the Arabian Peninsula had settled under Sheikh Zayed's encouragement.

Ahmed Mansoor
Ahmed Mansoor Al Shehhi (Arabic: أحمد منصور) is an Emirati blogger, human rights and reform activist arrested in 2011 and sentenced to imprisonment for defamation and insults to the heads of state and tried in the UAE Five trial. He and the other UAE Five were pardoned by UAE's president Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. Mansoor was arrested again in March 2017 on charges of using social media platforms to threaten public order and publish false and misleading information. He was found guilty and convicted for threatening state security and given a prison sentence of 10 years.
Infructescence
In botany, infructescence (fruiting head) is defined as the ensemble of fruits derived from the ovaries of an inflorescence. It usually retains the size and structure of the inflorescence.

In some cases, infructescences are similar in appearance to simple fruits. These are called multiple fruits. One example is the infructescence of Ananas, which is formed from the fusion of the berries with receptacle tissues and bracts.

The mature infructescence of a grain, such as wheat or maize, is known as an ear. The infructescence of Ficus is called a syconium.

Ripening
Ripening is a process in fruits that causes them to become more palatable. In general, fruit becomes sweeter, less green, and softer as it ripens. Even though the acidity of fruit increases as it ripens, the higher acidity level does not make the fruit seem tarter. This effect is attributed to the Brix-Acid Ratio. Climacteric fruits ripen after harvesting and so some fruits for market are picked green (e.g. bananas and tomatoes).

Underripe fruits are also fibrous, not as juicy, and have tougher outer flesh than ripe fruits (see Mouth feel). Eating unripe fruit can sometimes lead to stomachache or stomach cramps, and ripeness affects the palatability of fruit.
June 1946 French legislative election in Dahomey and Togo
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Dahomey and French Togoland on 2 June 1946. The territory elected two seats to the Assembly via two electoral colleges. Pierre Bertho of the Popular Republican Movement was elected from the first college and Sourou-Migan Apithy in the second.

Popular Republican Movement
The Popular Republican Movement (French: Mouvement Républicain Populaire, MRP) was a Christian-democratic political party in France during the Fourth Republic.  Its base was the Catholic vote and its leaders included Georges Bidault, Robert Schuman, Paul Coste-Floret, Pierre-Henri Teitgen and Pierre Pflimlin.  It played a major role in forming governing coalitions, in emphasizing compromise and the middle ground, and in protecting against a return to extremism and political violence.  It played an even more central role in foreign policy, having charge of the Foreign Office for ten years and launching plans for the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, which grew into the European Union.  Its voter base gradually dwindled in the 1950s and it had little power by 1954.
Chugoku Shimbun
The Chugoku Shimbun (中国新聞, Chūgoku Shinbun; "Midland News") is a Japanese local daily newspaper based in Hiroshima. It serves the Chūgoku region of Japan with a market share in Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, Okayama and Tottori Prefectures. The newspaper publishes morning and evening editions. The morning paper has a daily circulation of 487,981.

Tottori Prefecture
Tottori Prefecture (鳥取県, Tottori-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [tot.to.ɾʲi, tot.to.ɾʲiꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Tottori Prefecture is the least populous prefecture of Japan at 538,525 (2023) and has a geographic area of 3,507.13 square kilometres (1,354.11 mi2). Tottori Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the west, Hiroshima Prefecture to the southwest, Okayama Prefecture to the south, and Hyōgo Prefecture to the east.

Tottori is the capital and largest city of Tottori Prefecture, with other major cities including Yonago, Kurayoshi, and Sakaiminato. Tottori Prefecture is home to the Tottori Sand Dunes, the largest sand dunes system in Japan, and Mount Daisen, the highest peak in the Chūgoku Mountains.
Métamorphoses (2014 film)
Métamorphoses (Transformations) is a 2014 French drama film written and directed by Christophe Honoré and starring Amira Akili, Sébastien Hirel, Damien Chapelle, Mélodie Richard and George Babluani.

The film consists of a linked series of reworkings (in present-day settings) of episodes from the narrative poem of the same name by the Roman poet Ovid. It was screened in the Venice Days section at the 71st Venice International Film Festival.

71st Venice International Film Festival
The 71st annual Venice International Film Festival , was held from 27 August to 6 September 2014, at Venice Lido in Italy.

French composer Alexandre Desplat was the jury president for the main competition. Italian actress Luisa Ranieri  hosted the opening and closing nights of the festival. The Golden Lion was awarded to A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence by Roy Andersson.

American editor Thelma Schoonmaker and American filmmaker Frederick Wiseman were the recipients of the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.

The festival poster paid tribute to François Truffaut, as it featured the character of Antoine Doinel portrayed by Jean-Pierre Léaud from Truffaut's 1959 drama film The 400 Blows.

The festival opened with Birdman by Alejandro G. Iñárritu, and closed with The Golden Era by Ann Hui.
West Shore (magazine)
The West Shore was a literary magazine published in Portland, Oregon, United States from 1875 to 1891.  It was founded by Leopold Samuel to promote a positive image of the Pacific Northwest and to encourage economic growth in the region.  The magazine was known for publishing excellent articles by well-known authors and for its many high-quality illustrations.  As a result, West Shore became one of the most successful publications in the Pacific Northwest.  Its finely executed illustrations showed the scenery, architecture, and commerce of Oregon, Washington, California, Idaho, Montana, British Columbia, and Alaska. Today, West Shore illustrations provide a detailed record of the Pacific Northwest as it existed in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Joaquin Miller
Cincinnatus Heine Miller (/ˌsɪnsɪˈneɪtəs ˈhaɪnə/ SIN-sin-AY-təs HY-nə; September 8, 1837 – February 17, 1913), better known by his pen name Joaquin Miller (/hwɑːˈkiːn/ whah-KEEN), was an American poet, author, and frontiersman. He became known as the "Poet of the Sierras" after the Sierra Nevada, about which he wrote in his Songs of the Sierras (1871).
Société d'études techniques et économiques
Setec is the fifth largest French engineering and consulting group, involved in infrastructure and transport systems, planning, economics, waste, project, telecommunication, water, energy, geotechnical and environmental management. Setec was created in 1957 as an acronym of the French Société d'Études Techniques et ÉConomiques, which means "technical and economical design company".

Its headquarters are located in Paris, near the Seine. From the 1960s, the company began to organise into different subsidiaries and to develop its international business. In 2012, it acquired the American MWH's Brazilian subsidiary. This new company is called setec hidrobrasileira.

Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to solve its engineering problems. It also relies on knowledge of geology, hydrology, geophysics, and other related sciences.

Geotechnical engineering has applications in military engineering, mining engineering, petroleum engineering, coastal engineering, and offshore construction. The fields of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology have overlapping knowledge areas. However, while geotechnical engineering is a specialty of civil engineering, engineering geology is a specialty of geology.
Jowhor Ile
Jowhor Ile (born 1980) is a Nigerian writer known for his first novel, And After Many Days. In 2016, the novel was awarded the Etisalat Prize for Literature.

Ile was raised in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. His short fiction has appeared in The Sewanee Review, McSweeney's Quarterly and Litro Magazine. He earned his MFA at Boston University, and was a visiting professor at West Virginia University, dividing his time between Nigeria and the U.S.

His short story "Fisherman's Stew", published in The Sewanee Review (2019), was shortlisted for the 2020 Caine Prize, was a winner of the 2021 O. Henry Prize and was included in The Best Short Stories Anthology 2021, guest-edited and introduced by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.

Ile lectures in the Department of English & Creative Writing at Aberystwyth University in Wales.

O. Henry Award
The O. Henry Award is an annual American award given to short stories of exceptional merit. The award is named after the American short-story writer O. Henry.

The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories is an annual collection of the year's twenty best stories published in U.S. and Canadian magazines. Along with The Best American Short Stories, the O. Henry Prize Stories is one of the two "best-known annual anthologies of short fiction."

Until 2002 there were first, second, and third prize winners and from 2003 to 2019 there were three jurors who each selected a short story of special interest or merit; the collection is called The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories, and the original collection was called Prize Stories 1919: The O. Henry Memorial Awards.
Anne of Denmark and the spa at Bath
Anne of Denmark (1574–1619) was the wife of James VI and I. She visited Bath, Somerset, in the belief that drinking and bathing in mineral waters could improve her health. The warm springs at Bath had been used for medicinal purposes since Roman times. During her progresses to Bath she was entertained at country houses along the way. The court physician Théodore de Mayerne left extensive notes in Latin describing his treatment of Anne of Denmark from 10 April 1612 to her death. Primarily, she was seeking help for gout or dropsy, a swelling of the legs and feet which made walking difficult. Her companion and servant Jean Drummond described an occasion when the queen was unable to set her swollen foot on the ground. During these progresses, Anne of Denmark visited or came near some of the lands and manors included in her jointure lands, including Corston, and was able to promote the image of the Stuart monarchy.

Corston, Somerset
Corston is a small village and civil parish close to the River Avon and situated on the A39 road in the Bath and North East Somerset unitary authority, Somerset, England. The parish has a population of 494.