hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jazz education
Each style and era of jazz adopted new techniques to help educate younger musicians.  Early forms of jazz education were more informal.  Since the first degree program was founded in 1947, the rise of institutionalized jazz education, resulted in jazz education becoming more formalized and more structured. Formalized jazz education has brought a new wave of interest in jazz.  JazzTimes.com currently lists 492 collegiate jazz programs globally.  This database is exclusive to just schools that offer majors and does not include the number of schools that also offer jazz courses in their curriculum.  The formalization of jazz was and still is a controversial subject.  Many professional musicians believe that it has harmed the spirit of the music, while others maintain that it has been beneficial for the art form.

University of North Texas College of Music
The University of North Texas College of Music, based in Denton, is a comprehensive music school among the largest enrollment of any music institution accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music. It developed the first jazz studies program in the nation, and it remains one of the top schools for jazz.  As one of thirteen colleges and schools at the University of North Texas, it has been among the largest music institutions of higher learning in North America since the 1940s.  North Texas has been a member of the National Association of Schools of Music for 87 years. Since the 1970s, approximately one-third of all North Texas music students have been enrolled at the graduate level.  Music at North Texas dates back to the founding of the university in 1890 when Eliza Jane McKissack, its founding director, structured it as a conservatory.
Evidence of water on Mars found by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's HiRISE instrument has taken many images that strongly suggest that Mars has had a rich history of water-related processes.  Many features of Mars appear to be created by large amounts of water.  That Mars once possessed large amounts of water was confirmed by isotope studies in a study published in March 2015, by a team of scientists showing that the ice caps were highly enriched with deuterium, heavy hydrogen, by around seven times as much as the Earth. This means that Mars had lost a volume of water 6.5 times what is stored in today's polar caps.  The water for a time would have formed an ocean in the low-lying Mare Boreum. The amount of water could have covered the planet about 140 meters, but was probably in an ocean that in places would be almost 1 mile deep.

A major discovery by HiRISE was finding evidence of hot springs. These may have contained life and may now contain well-preserved fossils of life.

Eridania quadrangle
The Eridania quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Eridania quadrangle is also referred to as MC-29 (Mars Chart-29).

The Eridania quadrangle lies between 30° and 65° south latitude and 180° and 240° west longitude on the planet Mars.  Most of the classic region named Terra Cimmeria is found within this quadrangle.  It is named after a region on the Po River, Italy.   The name was approved by the IAUP in 1958.

Part of the Electris deposits, a 100–200 meters thick, light-toned deposit covers the Eridania quadrangle.  Many slopes in Eridania contain gullies, which are believed to be caused by flowing water.
Johannetta, Countess of Sayn-Altenkirchen
Johannetta, Countess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Altenkirchen (27 August 1632 – 28 September 1701), was Sovereign Countess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Altenkirchen from 1648 to 1701. She was also Landgravine of Hesse-Braubach by marriage to John, Landgrave of Hesse-Braubach, and Duchess of Saxe-Marksuhl (later Saxe-Eisenach) by marriage to John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach.

House of Hesse
The House of Hesse is a European dynasty directly descended from the House of Reginar and Brabant. One branch ruled the region of Hesse as prince-electors until 1866, the other branch as grand dukes until 1918.
The Madman's Tale
The Madman's Tale is a psychological horror novel written by the American writer John Katzenbach. Its original English version was published and released in 2004. In 2007, its Spanish translation was published under the title La historia del loco was published, this was done by Julia Quinn.

The story is set in a psychiatric hospital, where the protagonist Francis Petrel has been confined by his family after his erratic behavior culminated in a terrifying outburst. The narrative contains elements of supernatural horror and psychological thriller, notable for its atmosphere of anguish and tension.

This novel won the Hammett Prize in 2004 and was nominated for the Anthony Award in 2005.

Psychological horror
Psychological horror is a subgenre of horror and psychological fiction with a particular focus on mental, emotional, and psychological states to frighten, disturb, or unsettle its audience. The subgenre frequently overlaps with the related subgenre of psychological thriller, and often uses mystery elements and characters with unstable, unreliable, or disturbed psychological states to enhance the suspense, horror, drama, tension, and paranoia of the setting and plot and to provide an overall creepy, unpleasant, unsettling, or distressing atmosphere.
2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, and elected the four U.S. representatives from the state of Utah, an increase of one seat in reapportionment following the 2010 United States census. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial federal presidential election, a concurrent quadrennial statewide gubernatorial election, all other simultaneous quadrennial statewide executive official election, and an election to the U.S. Senate. Primary elections were held on June 26, 2012.

Rob Bishop
Robert William Bishop (born July 13, 1951) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Utah's 1st congressional district from 2003 to 2021. A member of the Republican Party, he became the dean of Utah's congressional delegation after the retirement of Orrin Hatch from the U.S. Senate in 2019.

Prior to his congressional tenure, Bishop was a Utah State Representative (1978–1994), including two final years as Speaker of the Utah House of Representatives, as well as Chair of the Utah Republican Party (1997–2001). He was a candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Utah as Thomas Wright's running mate in the 2020 election.
2001 Dubai Tennis Championships and Duty Free Women's Open
The 2001 Dubai Tennis Championships and Dubai Duty Free Women's Open were tennis tournaments played on outdoor hard courts at the Aviation Club Tennis Centre in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates that were part of the International Series Gold of the 2001 ATP Tour and of Tier II of the 2001 WTA Tour. The men's tournament was held from February 26 through March 4, 2001 while the women's tournament was held from February 19 through February 24, 2001. Juan Carlos Ferrero and Martina Hingis won the singles titles.

ATP International Series Gold
ATP International Series Gold (known from 1990 to 1999 as the ATP Championship Series) was a series of professional tennis tournaments held internationally between 2000 and 2008 that were part of the ATP Tour. The tournaments were positioned below the ATP Masters Series, and above the ATP International Series in terms of prize money and ranking points available.

International Series Gold tournaments offered players cash prizes (purses from $755,000 to $1,426,250 as of 2008) and the ability to earn ATP ranking points. See Association of Tennis Professionals#ATP rankings for more details.

Effective in 2009, this series of tournaments became the ATP Tour 500, incorporating many of the same tournaments. The "500" represents the number of ATP ranking points earned by the winner of each event in the series.
Stuck Rubber Baby
Stuck Rubber Baby is a 1995 graphic novel by American cartoonist Howard Cruse. He created his debut graphic novel after a decades-long career as an underground cartoonist. It deals with homosexuality and racism in the 1960s in the southern United States, in the midst of the civil rights movement. While the book is not autobiographical, it draws upon Cruse's experience of growing up in the South during this time period, including his accidental fathering of a child, as referred to in the title.

Alison Bechdel
Alison Bechdel (/ˈbɛkdəl/ ⓘ BEK-dəl; born September 10, 1960) is an American cartoonist. Originally known for the long-running comic strip Dykes to Watch Out For, she came to critical and commercial success in 2006 with her graphic memoir Fun Home. Fun Home was subsequently adapted as a musical, which won a Tony Award for Best Musical in 2015. In 2012, she released her second graphic memoir Are You My Mother? She was a 2014 recipient of the MacArthur "Genius" Award. She is also known for originating what would later be called the Bechdel test.
Exposed (CoCo Lee album)
Exposed is the fifteenth studio album by Chinese-American singer Coco Lee. It was released on March 25, 2005 by Epic. It is her second English-language album after “Just No Other Way”.

Lee co-wrote and co-produced the album with a number of musicians including Ric Wake, Eric Sanicola, Greg Lawson, Henrik Ahlgren, Damon Sharpe, Matt Nyberg and Michael Anthony Fields.

Lee is heavily involved with the recording, production and creative direction of this album, she considered “Exposed” as her “most personal album ever”.

Damon Sharpe
Damon Sharpe, born Damon Jared Reinagle, is an American record producer, songwriter, DJ and recording artist who works in Los Angeles. He first reached notability as a member of Guys Next Door. He has since contributed to various albums that have cumulatively sold over 40 million copies and have been streamed over 2 billion times.  He has over 80 million streams as a solo artist and 800k monthly streams on Spotify.
Kresa
Kresa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Helmy Kresa (1904–1991), German songwriter, arranger, and orchestrator

Jakub Kresa (1648–1715), Czech mathematician

Jessica Kresa (born 1978), American wrestler and actress

Kent Kresa (born 1938), American businessman

Jakub Kresa
Jakub Kresa (Spanish: Jacobo Kresa, Latin: Jacobo Kreysa; 19 July 1648 – 28 July 1715) was a Czech mathematician. He was one of the most important mathematicians of the Baroque era in the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Visim
Visim (Russian: Висим) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Visimskoye Rural Settlement, Dobryansky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 164 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

Dobryansky District
Dobryansky district (Russian: Добрянский район) was an administrative district of Perm Krai, Russia. Its centre is the town of Dobryanka. Its area is 5,192 km2, 70% of which covered by forest. Main minerals are oil, gypsum and gravel.
Neuilly-la-Forêt
Neuilly-la-Forêt (French pronunciation: [nøji la fɔʁɛ] ⓘ) is a former commune in the department of Calvados in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune Isigny-sur-Mer.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
Ryan McLaughlin
Ryan McLaughlin (born 30 September 1994) is a Northern Irish footballer who last played as a right-back, most recently for League of Ireland Premier Division club St Patrick's Athletic. He has been capped five times by the Northern Ireland national team during his career.

FAI Cup
The Football Association of Ireland Senior Challenge Cup (FAI Cup), known as the Sports Direct FAI Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a knock-out association football competition contested annually by teams from the Republic of Ireland (as well as Derry City from Northern Ireland). Organised by the FAI (Football Association of Ireland), the competition is currently sponsored by Sports Direct. It was known as the Free State Cup from 1923 to 1936. Shamrock Rovers hold the record of most wins with 26.

The current holders are Shamrock Rovers who won their 26th title on 9 November 2025, defeating Cork City 2–0 at the Aviva Stadium.
Oudolf Garten
Oudolf Garten, or Garten von Piet Oudolf, is a garden on the Vitra Campus in Weil am Rhein, Germany. Placed in front of the VitraHaus, it was planted by the Dutch landscape architect Piet Oudolf in May 2020 and opened to the public in June 2021.

Vitra (furniture)
Vitra is a Swiss family-owned furniture company headquartered in Birsfelden, Switzerland. It manufactures the works of many furniture designers. Vitra is also known for the works of notable architects that make up its premises in Weil am Rhein, Germany, in particular the Vitra Design Museum.
Fredrik Rosencrantz
Fredrik Jakob Tage Ulfstand Rosencrantz (26 October 1879 – 15 April 1957) was a Swedish Army captain and horse rider who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Swedish team that won the gold medal in jumping; however, he was not awarded a medal because only three best riders from each team were counted, and he placed fourth.

Rosencrantz became ryttmästare in 1913 and was placed in the Life Regiment Hussars' reserve in 1928.

Equestrian at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Team jumping
The team jumping was an equestrian event held as part of the Equestrian at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of the event.  Unlike the team eventing competition, the team jumping was not simply a sum of scores from the individual jumping competition.  Instead, riders competed in the team event separately a day after the individual event.  Different riders could be used in the two events, and teams were limited to 4 riders while each nation could send 6 individuals.
Cala Xuclar
Cala Xuclar (pronounced in eivissenc choocla) is a beach in the northern part of the Spanish island of Ibiza. It is in the municipality of Sant Joan de Labritja and is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) north of the village of Sant Joan de Labritja, and 1.2 miles (1.9 km) west of the beach  resort of Portinatx.

Balearic Catalan
Balearic (Catalan: balear [bəleˈa]) is the group of dialects of Catalan spoken in the Balearic Islands: mallorquí in Mallorca, eivissenc in Ibiza and menorquí in Menorca.

At the 2011 census, 861,232 respondents in the Balearic Islands claimed to be able to understand either Balearic or mainland Catalan, compared to 111,912 respondents who could not; proportions were similar on each of the islands.
Polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles
Polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles, now more commonly referred to as spherical nucleic acids, (Fig. 1) are colloidal gold particles densely modified with short (typically ~30-mer or less), highly oriented, synthetic DNA strands. They were invented by Chad Mirkin et al. at Northwestern University in 1996. Paul Alivisatos et al. at the University of California, Berkeley introduced a related monovalent structure the same year. Due to the strong interaction between gold and thiols (-SH), the first polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles were obtained by capping the gold nanoparticles with a dense monolayer of thiol-modified DNA. The dense packing and negative charge of the phosphate backbones of DNA orients it into solution (like a “koosh ball”) with a footprint that is dependent on factors including the particle size and radius of curvature.

Chad Mirkin
Chad Alexander Mirkin (born November 23, 1963) is an American chemist. He is the George B. Rathmann professor of chemistry, professor of medicine, professor of materials science and engineering, professor of biomedical engineering, and professor of chemical and biological engineering, and director of the International Institute for Nanotechnology and Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly at Northwestern University.

Mirkin is known for his development of nanoparticle-based biodetection schemes, the invention of dip-pen nanolithography (recognized by National Geographic as one of the top 100 scientific discoveries that changed the world), and contributions to supramolecular chemistry, nanoelectronics, and nanooptics. In 2010, he was listed as the most cited chemist in the world over the last decade in terms of total citations, the second highest most cited chemist in terms of impact factor, and the top most cited nanomedicine researcher.
Prag Cine Awards North-East 2016
The Prag Cine Awards North-East 2016 ceremony, presented by the Prag Network, honoured the actors, technical achievements, and films censored in 2015 from Assam and rest of Northeast India, took place on 14–15 May 2016 at the Church field in Tezpur, Assam. Film fraternities from Northeast as well as Bollywood personalities such as Suniel Shetty, Meiyang Chang were present in this event.

Actress Bidya Rao was honored with the lifetime Achievement Award for her contribution towards the Assamese film Industry, while model and actress Dipannita Sharma and sound engineer Amrit Pritam Dutta were presented with "Golden Icon" award. Pranjal Saikia received best actor award for Lokabandhoo and the best actress award has gone to Urmila Mahanta for Antareen. Manjul Baruah directed Antareen won the best film award, while Onaatah, Khasi language film from Meghalaya, won the best film north-east award.

Amrit Pritam
Amrit Pritam is a sound designer. He is the recipient along with Resul Pookutty of a Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Award and two Producers Guild of India – Apsara Awards  Additionally, Pritam has been conferred with awards by the state governments of Assam, Goa, and Maharashtra.

He has served on several notable film juries, including the House of Illusions jury at the Chalachitram National Film Festival, the Assam State Film Awards, and the Goa State Film Awards.
Sud Yungas Province
Sud Yungas or Sur Yungas (Aymara: Aynach Yunka jisk'a) is a province in the Bolivian department of La Paz. It was created during the presidency of José Manuel Pando on January 12, 1900. The capital of the province is Chulumani.

Provinces of Bolivia
A province is the second largest administrative division in Bolivia, after a department. Each department is divided into provinces. There are 112 provinces.

The country's provinces are further divided into 337 municipalities which are administered by an alcalde and municipal council.
Earl of Dirletoun
Earl of Dirletoun (also Dirleton or Dirletun) was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1646 for James Maxwell by King Charles I. Lord Dirletoun's only male heir died in infancy, and the Earldom became extinct on his death. He had two daughters. The first, Lady Elizabeth, married William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton then Thomas Dalmahoy, and the second, Lady Diana, married Charles Cecil, Viscount Cranborne.

Charles Cecil, Viscount Cranborne
Charles Cecil, Viscount Cranborne MP (1619 – December 1660), was an English nobleman and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1648.

Cranborne was the eldest son of William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury and his wife Lady Catherine Howard, a daughter of the 1st Earl of Suffolk and bore the courtesy title of Viscount Cranborne. He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge.

In April 1640, Cranborne was elected Member of Parliament for Hertford for the Short Parliament and he was re-elected in November 1640 for the Long Parliament. He was Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire from 1640 to 1642. Although not specifically excluded under Pride's Purge, he is not recorded as sitting subsequently.

Cranborne predeceased his father at the age of 40 without inheriting the earldom. He had married Lady Diana Maxwell, daughter of James Maxwell, 1st Earl of Dirletoun. Their son James succeeded his grandfather as Earl of Salisbury.
Karya Bagang
Karya Bagang (born on 20 March 1977) is an Indian politician from the state of Arunachal Pradesh.

Bagang was elected to the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Chayangtajo Assembly constituency seat in the 2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election as a Trinamool Congress candidate. She was reelected in the 2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, standing as an Indian National Congress candidate. On 23 Oct 2009 Karya Bagang, became the first woman MLA from Chayangtajo constituency.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
Epichloë brachyelytri
Epichloë brachyelytri is a haploid sexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë.

A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1999, Epichloë brachyelytri is a sister lineage to Epichloë aotearoae. Epichloe" grass endophytes comprise group of filamentous fungi of both sexual and asexual species.

Epichloë brachyelytri is found in North America, where it has been identified in the grass species Brachyelytrum erectum. To date six Eurasian's and one North American morphospecies  have been described, and these approximately corresponding to six distinct mating populations. Often Epichloe" confer to their host a range of fitness benefits, including enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. One such benefit is defense against plant herbivore that is attributable to various alkaloids produced by these fungi.

Brachyelytrum
Brachyelytrum is a genus of North American and East Asian plants in the grass family, classified in its own tribe Brachyelytreae.

Molecular phylogenetic study has indicated that Brachyelytrum is the earliest diverging lineage in the subfamily Pooideae (the cool season grasses), a lineage that includes many of the world's major cereal crops such as barley, wheat, and oats.

Species

Brachyelytrum aristosum (Michx.) Trel.  from Ontario to Newfoundland south through Great Lakes region + Appalachian Mountains

Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) P.Beauv - from Ontario to Newfoundland south to Texas + Florida

Brachyelytrum japonicum (Hack.) Matsum. ex Honda - Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Japan, Jeju Island in South Korea

formerly included

see  Muhlenbergia Pseudobromus

Brachyelytrum africanum - Pseudobromus africanus

Brachyelytrum pringlei - Muhlenbergia diversiglumis

Brachyelytrum silvaticum - Pseudobromus africanus