hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paharia Express
The 15721 / 15722 Paharia Express is an express train connecting Indian cities Siliguri and Digha. This is the first direct train service originating from New Jalpaiguri (Siliguri) to Digha. This train connects North and South of West Bengal touching Bihar and West Bengal state capital Kolkata. This train runs on the Kolkata–Siliguri route.

The meaning of word "Paharia" is The people of the hills.

This train was inaugurated by the then Railway Minister India and now Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee on 5 October 2009.

Ministry of Railways (India)
The Ministry of Railways is a ministry in the Government of India, responsible for the country's rail transport. The Indian Railways is the rail network operated and administered by the Railway Board constituted by the ministry. The ministry along with the Railway Board is housed inside Rail Bhawan in New Delhi. It is headed by the Minister of Railways. With more than 1.2 million employees, it is one of the world's largest employers.
Schmitten, Fribourg
Schmitten is a municipality in the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.  It is one of the municipalities with a large majority of German speakers in the mostly French speaking Canton of Fribourg.

Sense District
Sense District (German: Sensebezirk; French: District de la Singine [distʁi(kt) d(ə) la sɛ̃ʒin]; Arpitan: District de la Singena [diʃˈtʁi də la ʃɛ̃ˈdzəna] ⓘ) is one of the seven administrative districts of the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland, and the only completely German-speaking one. It is named after the Sense river, which forms the majority of its eastern border with the canton of Bern.
Visa requirements for Republic of the Congo citizens
Visa requirements for Republic of the Congo citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Republic of the Congo. As of April 2025, Republic of the Congo citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 49 countries and territories, ranking the Republic of the Congo passport 89th in terms of travel freedom (tied with the passports of Burundi, Cameroon and Turkmenistan) according to the Henley Passport Index.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
Sudanese Arabs
Sudanese Arabs (Arabic: عرب سودانيون, romanized: ʿarab sūdāniyyūn) are the inhabitants of Sudan who identify as Arabs and speak Arabic as their mother tongue. 
Sudanese Arabs make up 70% of the population of Sudan; however, prior to the independence of South Sudan in 2011, Sudanese Arabs made up 40% of the population. They are Sunni Muslims and speak Sudanese Arabic.

Awn Alsharif Qasim
Awn Al-Sharif Qasim (Arabic: عون الشريف قاسم) (June 16, 1933 – January 19, 2006) was a prolific Sudanese writer, encyclopedist, scholar, community leader, and one of Sudan's leading experts on Arabic language and literature.

He was a strong advocate of Arabic/Islamic culture and its interweaving with Sudanese culture. Qasim authored more than 70 books in the area of Islamic history and civilization, Arabic literature, studies in the Sudanese dialect languages.

Along with Professor Abdalla Eltayeb and Professor Abu Saleem, Qasim was considered one of the scholars who shaped the Sudanese academic scene during the last three decades of the 20th century.
Minimum metal mine
A minimum metal mine is a land mine that is designed to use the smallest amount of metal possible in its construction. Typically, the only metal components are located inside the fuze mechanism which triggers detonation. Both minimum metal anti-tank and anti-personnel mines exist. Some designs contain virtually no metal at all, e.g., less than a gram.

Shear pin
A shear pin is a mechanical detail designed to allow a specific outcome to occur once a predetermined force is applied. It can either function as a safeguard designed to break to protect other parts, or as a conditional operator that will not allow a mechanical device to operate until the correct force is applied.
Tancos arms theft scandal
On 28 June 2017, an arms theft at a military base in Tancos, Portugal was discovered. The stolen weapons reportedly included 1,450 9 mm caliber cartridges, 150 hand grenades, 44 anti-tank grenades, 18 tear gas grenades, 264 units of plastic explosives, and 102 explosive charges. Following an anonymous tip-off, some of the weapons were found in Chamusca on 18 October 2017.

An investigation into the recovery of the weapons led to the September 2018 arrests of six military officials from the National Republican Guard and the Military Judicial Police (PJM), including the head of the PJM, Coronel Luís Augusto Vieira. Amid accusations of a military cover-up of the arms theft, Minister of National Defence José Alberto Azeredo Lopes resigned on 12 October 2018. Azeredo Lopes has denied any involvement in the alleged cover-up.

9 mm caliber
This is a list of firearm cartridges that have bullets in the 9 millimeters (0.35 in) to 9.99 millimeters (0.393 in) caliber range.

Case length refers to the round case length.

OAL refers to the overall length of the loaded round.

All measurements are given in millimeters, followed by the equivalent in inches between parentheses.

Ammunition or cartridge specification is usually the "cartridge maximum" specification and may not be the same as the nominally measured dimensions of production, remanufactured, or hand-loaded ammunition.

SAAMI and the CIP publish cartridge data.
Clavulina viridula
Clavulina viridula is a species of coral fungus belonging to the family Clavulinaceae. Originally described from Java as Thelephora viridula by Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola in 1907, it was transferred to the genus Clavulina by Derek Reid in 1962.

Clavarioid fungi
The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. They are colloquially called club fungi and coral fungi.

Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Clavaria ("clavarioid" means Clavaria-like), but it is now known that clavarioid species are not all closely related. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "clavarioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers.
Tianhu, Henan
Tianhu (Chinese: 田湖; pinyin: Tiánhú) is a town under the administration of Song County, Henan, China. As of 2023, it administers Fengyang Residential Community (凤阳社区) the following 30 villages:

Tianhu Village

Fandian Village (樊店村)

Shiyuan Village (柿元村)

Yaoshang Village (窑上村)

Saluo Village (洒落村)

Gucheng Village (古城村)

Pugou Village (铺沟村)

Shangwan Village (上湾村)

Huangmen Village (黄门村)

Zhangzhuang Village (张庄村)

Nan'an Village (南安村)

Pei Village (裴村)

Yuling Village (于岭村)

Cuiyuan Village (崔元村)

Nanwa Village (南洼村)

Tengwanggou Village (腾王沟村)

Yaodian Village (窑店村)

Dashiqiao Village (大石桥村)

Xiawan Village (下湾村)

Qianqiu Village (千秋村)

Xinhedian Village (新和店村)

Maozhuang Village (毛庄村)

Xiejiagou Village (卸甲沟村)

Cheng Village (程村)

Xiao'antou Village (小安头村)

Da'antou Village (大安头村)

Gaotun Village (高屯村)

Lutun Village (卢屯村)

Pingfengzhuang Village (屏凤庄村)

Yangwan Village (杨湾村)

Song County
Song County or Songxian (Chinese: 嵩县; pinyin: Sōng Xiàn) is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Luoyang, in the west of Henan Province, China. It contains the southernmost point of Luoyang's administrative area. It was the first capital of China during the Xia dynasty.
Château Trotanoy
44°55′46″N 0°12′29″W﻿ / ﻿44.92938°N 0.20804°W﻿ / 44.92938; -0.20804

Château Trotanoy, archaically Trop Ennuie, is a Bordeaux wine from the appellation Pomerol. The winery is located on the Right Bank of the Bordeaux wine region, in the commune of Pomerol in the department Gironde. As all wine produced in this appellation, Château Trotanoy is unclassified, but the estate is estimated among the great growths of the region.

A second wine of Château Trotanoy, L’Esperance de Trotanoy, which made its debut with the 2009 vintage. 500 cases of L’Esperance de Trotanoy were produced. L’Esperance de Trotanoy is not made in every vintage.

Gironde
Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND, US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-; French: [ʒiʁɔ̃d] ⓘ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced [dʒiˈɾundɔ]) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).
Huichicocha (Huancayo)
Huichicocha (possibly from Quechua wich'i a large, wide-mouthed pitcher, qucha lake, "pitcher lake",  Hispanicized spelling Huichicocha and Huisquicocha where the Quechua word 'wiski' (huisqui), a borrowing from English, means whisky) is a lake in Peru located in the Junín Region, Huancayo Province, Chongos Alto District. It is situated at a height of approximately 4,653 metres (15,266 ft), about 3.16 km long and 1.74 km at its widest point. Huichicocha lies northwest of Acchicocha, southwest of Yurajcocha and east of Coyllococha.

In 1999 the Huichicocha dam was erected at the northern end of the lake at 12°33′44.7″S 75°32′0.9″W﻿ / ﻿12.562417°S 75.533583°W﻿ / -12.562417; -75.533583. It is 8 m (26 ft) high. It is operated by Electroperu.

Pitcher (container)
In American English, a pitcher is a container with a handle and a spout, used for storing and pouring liquids. In English-speaking countries outside North America, such a container is called a jug.

Ewer is an older word for a pitcher or jug of any type, though tending to be used for a vase-shaped pitcher, often decorated, with a base and a flaring spout. The word is now unusual in informal English describing ordinary domestic vessels. A notable ewer is the America's Cup, which is awarded to the winning team of the America's Cup sailing regatta match.
Martin McKeay
Martin McKeay (born June 29, 1971) is a United States computer security expert and blogger who works for Akamai Technologies as a Security Evangelist. He writes one of the most popular security blogs
and also a podcast called the Network Security Podcast. He is a Qualified Security Assessor. In 2006, he started blogging for Computer World.

He was a product evangelist for StillSecure.

He has been a speaker at many conferences including Hacker Halted, RSA Conference and DEF CON.

He is an advocate of the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard.

Hacker Halted
Hacker Halted is a global series of Computer and Information Security conferences presented by EC-Council. The objective of the Hacker Halted conferences is to raise international awareness towards increased education and ethics in IT Security. The event is currently in its 14th year. Also present at Hacker Halted is EC-Council's H@cker Halted | Academy, trainings and workshops led by EC-Council instructors and trainers.
Anax (dragonfly)
Anax (from Ancient Greek ἄναξ anax, "lord, master, king") is a genus of dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae. It includes species such as the emperor dragonfly, Anax imperator.

Anax spp. are very large dragonflies. They generally have light-colored bodies and dark tails with pale markings.

Some species are migratory, for example Anax junius.

Anax
Anax (Greek: ἄναξ; from earlier ϝάναξ, wánax) is an ancient Greek word for "tribal chief, lord (military) leader". It is one of the two Greek titles traditionally translated as "king", the other being basileus, and is inherited from Mycenaean Greece. It is notably used in Homeric Greek, e.g. for Agamemnon. The feminine form is anassa, "queen" (ἄνασσα, from wánassa, itself from *wánakt-ja).
Southern Pacific Co. v. Jensen
Southern Pacific Company v. Jensen, 244 U.S. 205 (1917), was a United States Supreme Court case concerning the geographical extent of state workers' compensation laws. The Court held that the New York Workmen's Compensation Act, as applied to laborers in the New York Harbor, intruded on federal admiralty jurisdiction, and that civil suits arising within this jurisdiction were subject to the common law of the sea. The compensation statute passed by the state interfered with federal power and was therefore unconstitutional.

The case is noted for the dissent written by Justice Holmes, specifically his dicta on the nature of the common law:

The common law is not a brooding omnipresence in the sky, but the articulate voice of some sovereign or quasi sovereign that can be identified.

Obiter dictum
Obiter dictum (usually used in the plural, obiter dicta) is a Latin phrase meaning "said in passing". In a legal system, the term may apply to any remark in a legal opinion that is "said in passing" by a judge or arbitrator. The concept as used in law derives from English common law, whereby a judgment comprises only two elements: ratio decidendi and obiter dicta. For the purposes of judicial precedent, ratio decidendi is binding, whereas obiter dicta are persuasive only.
Dobšiná Ice Cave
Dobšiná Ice Cave (Slovak: Dobšinská ľadová jaskyňa; Hungarian: Dobsinai-jégbarlang) is an ice cave in Slovakia, near the mining town of Dobšiná in the Slovak Paradise. Since 2000 it has been included on the UNESCO World Heritage list as a part of the Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst site, because of its unique cave formations and its natural beauty.

Famous visitors to the ice cave have been Prince August von Sachsen Gotha and his wife (1872), Ferdinand de Lesseps (constructor of the Suez Channel) and a party of French writers (1884), Bulgarian Czar Ferdinand I (1890), and the polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen (1900).

With the entrance at 920 m a.s.l, it is one of the lowest ice caves in the world.

Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria; 26 February 1861 – 10 September 1948) was the monarch of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1918, reigning as Prince of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1908 and Tsar of Bulgaria from 1908 until his abdication in 1918. Under his rule, Bulgaria entered the First World War on the side of the Central Powers in 1915.
Computer Go UEC Cup
The Computer Go UEC Cup is an annual worldwide computer Go tournament held at the University of Electro-Communications (UEC) in Tokyo, Japan, since 2007. The winners of the tournament would then play exhibition games against a professional Go player.

The tournament was typically structured as a preliminary Swiss-system invitational to determine challengers (with the previous year's UEC winners excluded), then a knockout tournament of sixteen players to determine the champion.

UEC Cup was terminated after its 10th edition in 2017 and was succeeded by AI Ryusei, a new computer Go tournament sponsored by Japanese Igo & Shogi Channel. In 2019, the University of Electro-Communications hosted the renewed 11th UEC Cup with new sponsors.

University of Electro-Communications
The University of Electro-Communications (電気通信大学, Denki-Tsūshin Daigaku) is a national university in Chōfu, Tokyo, Japan.

It specialises in the disciplines of computer science, the physical sciences, engineering and technology. It was founded in 1918 as the Technical Institute for Wireless-Communications.
2022–23 Jordanian Premier Basketball League
The 2022–23 Jordanian Premier Basketball League, also known as the CFI Premier Basketball League for sponsorship reasons, was the 69th season of the Jordanian Premier Basketball League (JPL), the top-tier competition for professional men's teams in Jordan. The season began on 26 December 2022 and ended on 30 April 2023.

Al-Ahli were crowned as champions, after defeating Orthodox in a 3-2 JPL Finals series. Al-Riyadi Aramex also finished in third-place of the competition.

Al-Wehdat were the defending champions, having won the previous 2021–22 season.

Orthodox Club
Orthodox Club (Arabic: النادي الأرثوذكسي), also known simply as Orthodox or Orthodox Amman, is a multi-sports club based in Amman. The team was first established in Jaffa, Palestine in 1924, and was re-established in Jordan in 1952 after its members fled the displacement of the Arab–Israeli War. They are mainly known for their basketball team and compete in the Jordanian Premier Basketball League, where they are tied for most wins to date. Their most recent win was in 2015.

The club has an associated women's football team.
Balding–Nichols model
In population genetics, the Balding–Nichols model is a statistical description of the allele frequencies in the components of a sub-divided population. With background allele frequency p the allele frequencies, in sub-populations separated by Wright's FST F, are distributed according to independent draws from

where B is the Beta distribution. This distribution has mean p and variance Fp(1 – p).

The model is due to David Balding and Richard Nichols and is widely used in the forensic analysis of DNA profiles and in population models for genetic epidemiology.

DNA profiling
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding.

DNA profiling is a forensic technique in criminal investigations, comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime. It is also used in paternity testing, to establish immigration eligibility, and in genealogical and medical research. DNA profiling has also been used in the study of animal and plant populations in the fields of zoology, botany, and agriculture. DNA profiling was discovered by British geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984 while he was working at the University of Leicester. He developed the technique of genetic fingerprinting by realizing that some regions of DNA have highly variable repetitive sequences that are unique to each individual.
Arborfield Studios
Arborfield Studios is a film and television studio located in Arborfield, Berkshire, England. It is located about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from central Reading and 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from Shinfield Studios. Managed by Longcross Studios, the studios have been used for productions by Netflix and Disney.

Film studio
A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company that makes films. Today, studios are mostly financing and distribution entities. In addition, they may have their own studio facility or facilities; however, most firms in the entertainment industry have never had their own studios, but have rented space from other companies instead. Day-to-day filming operations are generally handled by a production company subsidiary.

Another type of company is an independently owned studio facility, which does not produce motion pictures by itself; such facilities only sell studio space.
Seiuli Ueligitone Seiuli
Seiuli Ueligitone Seiuli is a Samoan politician and a former member of the Legislative Assembly of Samoa. He is a member of the Human Rights Protection Party.

Seiuli was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Samoa at the 2015 Sagaga-le-Usoga by-election. He was re-elected in the 2016 election and appointed Associate Minister of Works, Transport and Infrastructure. In October 2018 he was one of a group of chiefs charged with contempt of court for bestowing the Malietoa title in violation of a court order.

He was re-elected at the 2021 election, but his election was overturned by an election petition, which found him guilty of bribery and treating and banned him from office for 15 years.

Human Rights Protection Party
The Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP, Samoan: Vaega Faʻaupufai e Puipuia Aia Tatau a Tagata) is a Samoan political party. It was founded in 1979 and dominated Samoan party politics for decades thereafter, leading every government until their defeat in 2021. Former Prime Minister Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi has led the party since 1998.
Aureolus of Aragon
Aureolus (died 809) is traditionally thought to have been the chief of the Franks in the region of Aragón.

Between 798 and 802, the Franks established several positions in the zone: Bahlul Ibn Marzuq revolted in Zaragoza against the central government of Muslim Al-Andalus in 798, and in 800, conquered Huesca from the Banu Salama. General Amrus ibn Yusuf (born in Huesca), sent by the Amir,  conquered Zaragoza and Huesca (c. 801). Bahlul fled to Pallars and was killed by his lieutenant Jalaf Ibn Rashid (802), who at the time held Barbitanya (Barbastro). With all these disturbances, the Franks established control over Jaca and other castles and designated Aureolus as count of Aragón.

After Aureolus died in 809, the Frankish lobby secured succession for Aznar Galíndez I, but Amrus ibn Yusuf overran the county of Sobrarbe, which was not reconquered by Aznar until 814.

County of Pallars
The County of Pallars or Pallás (Catalan: Comtat de Pallars, IPA: [kumˈtad də pəˈʎas]; Latin: Comitatus Pallariensis) was a de facto independent petty state, nominally within the Carolingian Empire and then West Francia during the ninth and tenth centuries, perhaps one of the Catalan counties, originally part of the Marca Hispanica in the ninth century. It was coterminous with the upper Noguera Pallaresa valley from the crest of the Pyrenees to the village of Tremp, comprising the Vall d'Àneu, Vall de Cardós, Vall Ferrera, the right bank of the Noguera Ribagorçana, and the valley of the Flamicell. It roughly corresponded with the historic region of Catalonia called Pallars. Its chief city was Sort.
Here We Go Again (Sigma song)
"Here We Go Again" is a song by English drum and bass duo Sigma, featuring vocals from English singer Louisa. It was released on 29 March 2019 by 3 Beat Records as the third single from the duo's second studio album, Hope. The song peaked at number 98 on the UK Singles Chart.

Sigma (DJs)
Sigma are an English drum and bass DJ and record production duo consisting of Cameron James Edwards and Joseph Aluin Lenzie. They met at Leeds University at drum and bass nights. Their 2010 collaboration with DJ Fresh, "Lassitude", peaked at number 98 on the UK Singles Chart. Their single "Nobody to Love" topped the UK Singles Chart, becoming their first UK number one. Their second was the follow-up single "Changing", featuring Paloma Faith.