hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Politics of Norway
The politics of Norway take place in the framework of a parliamentary, representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the Council of State, the cabinet, led by the Prime Minister of Norway. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the legislature, the Storting, elected within a multi-party system. The judiciary is independent of the executive branch and the legislature.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Norway a "full democracy" in 2022.  According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Norway was 2023 the second most electoral democratic country in the world. Reporters Without Borders ranked Norway 1st in the world in the 2024 Press Freedom Index. Freedom House's 2020 Freedom in the World report classified Norway as "free", scoring maximum points in the categories of "political rights" and "civil liberties".

V-Dem Democracy Indices
The Democracy Indices by V-Dem are democracy indices published by the V-Dem Institute that describe qualities of different democracies. It is published annually. Datasets released by the V-Dem Institute include information on hundreds of indicator variables describing various aspects of government, especially on the quality of democracy, inclusivity, and other economic indicators.

In 2020, the V-Dem index had "more than 470 indicators, 82 mid-level indices, and 5 high-level indices covering 202 polities from the period of 1789–2019".
Mesud II
Ghiyath al-Dīn Me’sud ibn Kaykaus or Mesud II (Old Anatolian Turkish: مَسعود دوم, Ghiyāth ad-Dīn Mas'ūd bin Kaykāwūs; Turkish: Gıyaseddin Mesud, Persian: غياث الدين مسعود بن كيكاوس) bore the title of Sultan of Rûm at various times between 1284 and 1308. He was a vassal of the Mongols under Mahmud Ghazan and exercised no real authority. Mesud died in 1308, the last of the Seljuks of Rum.

Old Anatolian Turkish
Old Anatolian Turkish (Turkish: Eski Anadolu Türkçesi), also referred to as Old Anatolian Turkic, was the form of the Turkish language spoken in Anatolia from the 11th to 15th centuries. It developed into Early Ottoman Turkish and Middle Azerbaijani. It was written in the Perso-Arabic script. Unlike in later Ottoman Turkish, short-vowel diacritics were used.

It had no official status until 1277, when Mehmet I of Karaman declared a firman in an attempt to break the dominance of Persian:
Västergötland Runic Inscription 40
The Västergötland Runic Inscription 40  is a Viking Age runestone engraved in Old Norse with the Younger Futhark runic alphabet inserted into the wall of the church of Råda, in Lidköping Municipality, Västergötland,  and the style of the runestone is possibly runestone style RAK. It was made in memory of a man who fought and died in a battle between kings, "when kings fought each other". A similar phrase appears on the Danish mask stone.

Lidköping Municipality
Lidköping Municipality (Swedish: Lidköpings kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Lidköping.

Lidköping sometimes refers to itself as "Lidköping by Vänern", possibly to distinguish itself from the namewise (and historically) similar city of Linköping in eastern Sweden.
Mach Jail
Mach Jail, also spelled as Machh Jail (Urdu: مچھ جیل), and colloquially known as Kala Pani, is a prison situated 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of the Quetta valley in Pakistan. Established in 1929, the prison spans 13 acres (5.3 ha) in the arid, sparsely populated town of Machh. Surrounded by barren hills, Mach Jail stands as the primary structure in this remote area.

Noted for its extreme heat, Mach Jail has been compared to the Cellular Jail in India, which is also known as Kala Pani. The prison has historically been associated with the detention of political dissidents and freedom fighters, particularly during British rule. One section, known as the Chili Ward or Ward number 9, is infamous for the punitive treatment of prisoners who resisted colonial rule, including the adulteration of their food with chilies.

Cellular Jail
The Cellular Jail, also known as 'Kālā Pānī' (transl. 'Black Water'), was a British colonial prison in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The prison was used by the colonial government of India for the purpose of exiling insurgents and political prisoners. Many notable independence activists were imprisoned there during the struggle for India's independence. Today, the complex serves as a national memorial monument.

Originally built with seven wings, the building suffered extensive damage during the earthquake of 1941. Later, two wings were dismantled during the Second World War by the Japanese, who repurposed the bricks for constructing bunkers and other structures. After India gained independence, two more wings were demolished in the 1950s to make way for the nearby Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital. Today, only the watchtower and three wings (1, 6, and 7) remain.
San Lazzaro, Sarzana
San Lazzaro is a 19th-century, Roman Catholic church located on Via Aurelia number 298 in the neighborhood of San Lazzaro di Sarzana, just south-east of Sarzana, region of Liguria, Italy. The parish church happens to be located, for historical reasons, within the region of Tuscany.

The parish church has a Greek-cross plan and its façade has some classical features. The large wooden portal is a remarkable 19th-century manufacture.

Sarzana
Sarzana (Italian: [sarˈdzaːna], Emilian: [sarˈzana]; Ligurian: Sarzann-a) is a town, comune (municipality) and former short-lived Catholic bishopric in the Province of La Spezia, Liguria, Italy. It is 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of La Spezia, on the railway to Pisa, at the point where the railway to Parma diverges to the north. In 2023, it had a population of 21,786.
Monument commemorating the kidnapping and assassination of Father Popiełuszko
53°02′52″N 18°27′32″E﻿ / ﻿53.04778°N 18.45889°E﻿ / 53.04778; 18.45889
Monument commemorating the kidnapping and assassination of Father Popiełuszko in Górsk is a monument commemorating the kidnapping and assassination of Father Jerzy Popiełuszko. It is located in a forest near Górsk, by national road No. 80 connecting Toruń and Bydgoszcz.

The monument is made of reinforced concrete. It has the shape of a slanted cross measuring 8 m by 6 m. Underneath the cross are the words: Whoever wants to follow Me, let him take up his cross. Next to the cross stands a statue of Jesus Christ the Pensive.

Górsk
Górsk [ɡursk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zławieś Wielka, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is located in Chełmno Land within the historic region of Pomerania.
Mousa Nabipour
Mousa Nabipour (Persian: موسی نبی پور, born August 14, 1983, in Behshahr) is an Iranian former professional basketball player. He is 6'11" in height. He was also a member of the Iranian national basketball team that won the FIBA Asia Championship 2007, and he competed at the 2008 Olympic basketball Tournament.

Iran men's national basketball team
The Iran men’s national basketball team (Persian: تیم ملی بسکتبال مردان ایران) represents Iran in international basketball, and are governed by the Islamic Republic of Iran Basketball Federation (IRIBF).

Iran is one of Asia’s most successful federations. Since the turn of the century, they’ve won three FIBA Asia Cup tournaments, while also claiming a silver and two bronze medals at the competition. Iran has also qualified for every edition of the FIBA World Cup since 2010, and have participated in two Olympic Games (2008, 2020).
McArthur River
The McArthur River is a river in the Northern Territory of Australia which flows into the Gulf of Carpentaria at Port McArthur, opposite the Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands. The river was named by Ludwig Leichhardt while he explored the area in 1845. He named the River after James MacArthur and the MacArthur family of Camden, who were enthusiastic supporters of his expedition. The McArthur River has significance for the local Aboriginal communities, who use it for fishing and other traditional activities.

Camden, New South Wales
Camden is a historic town and suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, located 65 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district. Camden was the administrative centre for the local government area of Camden Council until July 2016 and is a part of the Macarthur region.
Kinyongia tavetana
Kinyongia tavetana, the Kilimanjaro two-horned chameleon or Kilimanjaro blade-horned chameleon, is a species of chameleon in the genus Kinyongia. It is native to forests, woodlands, well-wooded gardens and plantations in the highlands of southern Kenya and northern Tanzania. Its type locality is Mount Kilimanjaro, but it is also known from Chyulu Hills and Mount Meru to the Pare Mountains.

Chyulu Hills
The Chyulu Hills is a mountain range in Makueni County in southeastern Kenya. It forms a 100 km (62 mi)-long volcanic field in an elongated northwest–southeast direction. Its highest peak is 2,188 m (7,178 ft) high.

The Leviathan Cave (also known as Kisula caves) in Chyulu Hills National Park is about 11 km (6.8 mi) long, one of the longest caves in Africa. The national park is part of the Tsavo conservation area which covers Tsavo West National Park, Tsavo East National Park and the Kibwezi Forest.

The park's main gate is in Kibwezi in Makueni County.

The Chyulu Hills stood in for the Ngong Hills in the film Out of Africa.
New Writings in SF 23
New Writings in SF 23 is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Kenneth Bulmer, the second volume of nine he oversaw in the New Writings in SF series in succession to the series' originator, John Carnell. It was first published in hardcover by Sidgwick & Jackson in November 1973, followed by a paperback edition under the slightly variant title New Writings in SF - 23 issued by Corgi in 1975. The contents of this volume, together with those of volumes 21 and 22 of the series, were later included in the omnibus anthology New Writings in SF Special 1, issued by Sidgwick & Jackson in 1975.

The book collects several novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, with a foreword by Bulmer.

Sidgwick & Jackson
Sidgwick & Jackson was an imprint of book publishing company Pan Macmillan. Formerly it was an independent publisher; as such, it was founded in Britain in 1908 by Frank Sidgwick (1879–1939) as chairman of directors and Robert Cameron Jackson (1882–1917) as company secretary. The firm was funded by Lord Forte.

It was best known as a publisher of literary fiction and some academic non-fiction. Early authors included poet Rupert Brooke and novelist E.M. Forster. In more recent times it helped launch the careers of Lynda La Plante, Shirley Conran and Judith Krantz.

Pan Macmillan acquired the company from Trusthouse Forte in the mid-1980s. It was dissolved in 2015.

The managing director from 1968 to 1995 was William Armstrong; the company and Armstrong were said to have encouraged individuality and entrepreneurship among staff. Armstrong was also the father of the singer Dido.

Their archives from 1903 to 1966 are held by the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Barbie: Star Light Adventure
Barbie: Star Light Adventure is a 2016 animated adventure children's film directed by Andrew Tan and written by Kacey Arnold with assistance by Kate Boutilier and story supervision by Kristopher Fogel. The 33rd entry in the Barbie film series, it was also the first Barbie film under Mattel's then-new division, Mattel Creations, and also to feature the fashion doll's brand message sequence as part of the film's intro. The film was first given a 24-hour limited theatrical release by Fathom Events on 30 July before its debut both on home video by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment on 29 August and on American television via Nickelodeon on 2 October. Mattel released related merchandise in addition to the film.

Adventure
An adventure is a novel and exciting undertaking that is typically bold, sometimes risky. Adventures may be activities with danger such as traveling, exploring, skydiving, mountain climbing, scuba diving, river rafting, or other extreme sports. Adventures are often undertaken to create psychological arousal or in order to achieve a greater goal, such as the pursuit of knowledge that can only be obtained by such activities.
Razzmatazz Orfeum
Razzmatazz Orfeum is the second studio album recorded by The Moog. The album was produced by Geoff Ott (Pearl Jam, Queen Of The Stone Age, Mark Lanegan) and recorded in Seattle, Washington, The United States. The first single, You Raised A Vampire, was released in colored vinyl 7" with stunning artwork by Gris Grimly. The 7" also includes a B-side cover (recorded in Budapest, Citysound Studio, recording engineer Marton Palinkas, mixed and mastered by Geoff Ott, Seattle) of the Bauhaus classic The Passion Of Lovers featuring Bauhaus/Love and Rockets bassist/vocalist David J, who became a fan of the band after seeing them perform in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California in 2008. The video for You Raised A Vampire was shot in the same gothic building where the first Underworld movie was made in Budapest, Hungary where.

Love and Rockets (band)
Love and Rockets are an English rock band formed in 1985 by former Bauhaus members Daniel Ash (vocals, guitar and saxophone), David J (bass guitar and vocals) and Kevin Haskins (drums and synthesisers) after that group split in 1983. Ash and Haskins had recorded and performed in another band, Tones on Tail, between 1982 and 1984.

Love and Rockets's style is a fusion of underground rock music with elements of pop music. Their 1989 single "So Alive" reached No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. They released seven studio albums before breaking up in 1999, and reformed briefly in 2007 for a few live shows before splitting again in 2009. They reformed in 2023 and announced several tour dates.
Mong Khet Township
Mong Khet Township (also Mongkhat Township, Shan: ၸႄႈဝဵင်းမိူင်းၶၢၵ်ႇ)  is a township of Kengtong District in the Shan State of Myanmar. The principal town and administrative center is Mong Khet. In 2015, Mong Khet was calculated to be the center of the Valeriepieris circle, a figure drawn on the Earth's surface such that the majority of the human population lives within its interior.

Shan language
Shan is the native language of the Shan people and is mostly spoken in Shan State, Myanmar. It is also spoken in pockets in other parts of Myanmar, in Northern Thailand, in Yunnan, in Laos, in Cambodia, in Vietnam and decreasingly in Assam and Meghalaya. Shan is a member of the Kra–Dai language family and is related to Thai. It has five tones, which do not correspond exactly to Thai tones, plus a sixth tone used for emphasis. The term Shan is also used for related Northwestern Tai languages, and it is called Tai Yai or Tai Long in other Tai languages. Standard Shan, which is also known as Tachileik Shan, is based on the dialect of the city of Tachileik.

In 2019, Ethnologue estimated there were 3.3 million Shan speakers, including 3.2 million in Myanmar. The Mahidol University Institute for Language and Culture estimates there are gave the number of Shan speakers in Thailand as 95,000 in 2006. Many Shan speak local dialects as well as the language of their trading partners.
Dalocha (woreda)
Dalocha is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Silt'e Zone, Dalocha is bordered on the south by Sankurra, on the west by Wulbareg, on the north by Silte, and on the east by Lanfro. Towns in Dalocha include Dalocha. Western part of Dalocha was used to create Wulbareg woreda.

Dalocha has 32 kilometers of all-weather roads and 36 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 98 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers.

Islam in Ethiopia
Islam is the second largest religion in Ethiopia behind Christianity. In 2024, 31.5% of the population was Muslim.

Islam in Ethiopia dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad; in 615, when a group of Muslims were counseled by Muhammad to escape persecution in Mecca and migrate to the Kingdom of Aksum which was based in Ethiopia and which was ruled by Najashi, a pious Christian king. It is agreed by Islamic scholars that Najashi gave shelter to the Muslim refugees around 615–616 at Axum. Bilal ibn Ribah, the first Muezzin, the person chosen to call the faithful to prayer, and one of the foremost companions of Muhammad, was born in Mecca to an Abyssinian (Ethiopian) mother.
1982–83 Segunda División
The 1982–83 Segunda División season saw 20 teams participate in the second flight Spanish league. Real Murcia, Cádiz CF and RCD Mallorca were promoted to Primera División. Deportivo Alavés, CE Sabadell FC, Xerez CD and Córdoba CF were relegated to Segunda División B.

Deportivo Alavés
Deportivo Alavés, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [depoɾˈtiβo alaˈβes]; Sporting Alavés), usually known as Alavés, is a Spanish football club based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Founded on 23 January 1921 as Sport Friends Club, the club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

It is recognized as the third-most successful team in the Basque Country following Athletic Club of Bilbao and Real Sociedad of San Sebastián. Its biggest success was in 2001 when, in the year of its debut in European competition, it reached the 2001 UEFA Cup Final, where it played against Liverpool. It was defeated 5–4 on a golden goal. In 2017, the club reached the final of the Copa del Rey, losing 3–1 to Barcelona.

The team's home kit is blue and white-striped shirt, blue shorts and white socks. It holds home matches at the 19,840-seater Mendizorrotza Stadium and uses other facilities located in Ibaia dedicated to training.
RAF Castel Benito
RAF Castel Benito (called originally in Italian "Tripoli-Castel Benito Airport") was an airport of Tripoli created by the Italians in Italian Libya. Originally, it was a small military airport named Castel Benito, but it was enlarged in the late 1930s and was later used by the British RAF after 1943. It was called RAF Castel Benito by the Allies.

RAF Castel Benito (later RAF Idris) was a Royal Air Force station near Tripoli in Libya between 1943 and 1966.

LATI (airline)
LATI (Linee Aeree Transcontinentali Italiane, "Italian Transcontinental Airlines") was an early transatlantic airline operating between Italy and South America between 1939 and 1941. Although the transatlantic service was permanently discontinued in December 1941 following the entry of the United States into World War II, the company continued to exist until 1956.
Varvara Popova
Varvara Aleksandrovna Popova (Russian: Варвара Александровна Попова) (17 December 1899 - 31 October 1988) was a Soviet stage and film actress. She appeared in early silent films by Yakov Protazanov and Mikhail Doller, but most of her credits date from the 1960s, when she was in demand for character roles, generally as a grandmother, peasant woman, etc. She appeared in several fairy-tale films by Aleksandr Rou. For many years she was a member of the company of the Vakhtangov Theatre.

Mikhail Doller
Mikhail Ivanovich Doller (Russian: Михаил Иванович Доллер, 1889 – 15 March 1952) was a Soviet film director and screenwriter. He worked as co-director with Vsevolod Pudovkin and was awarded Stalin Prize twice in 1941.
Meerdaal
Meerdaal, also known as Meerdaalwoud and Meerdaalbos, is a woodland lying east of Brussels and south of Leuven, on the loess plateau of Brabant in central Belgium. The bigger part of it has most likely been continuously forested since the Middle Ages, but the archaeological record and geomorphology give evidence of a profound human influence, probably including agriculture, during the Roman era and the Iron Age.

Province of Brabant
The Province of Brabant (/brəˈbænt/, US also /brəˈbɑːnt, ˈbrɑːbənt/; Dutch: [ˈbraːbɑnt] ⓘ) was a province in Belgium from 1830 to 1995. It was created in 1815 as South Brabant, part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 1995, it was split into the Dutch-speaking Flemish Brabant, the French-speaking Walloon Brabant and the bilingual Brussels-Capital Region.
Ceibo emulator
A ceibo emulator is an in-circuit emulator for microcontrollers and microprocessors.

These emulators use bond-out processors, which have internal signals brought out for the purpose of debugging. These signals provide information about the state of the processor that is otherwise unobtainable.

Supported microprocessors and microcontrollers include Atmel, Dallas Semiconductor, Infineon, Intel,
Microchip, NEC, Philips, STMicroelectronics and Winbond.

Infineon Technologies
Infineon Technologies AG is a German company designing and manufacturing semiconductor devices. It provides parts for automotive, power and security systems.  The company was spun-off from Siemens AG in 1999. Infineon has about 57,000 employees in 2025.
Samsung YEPP
Yepp was Samsung Electronics' digital audio player brand until Samsung decided to retire most of their family brands in February 2011. From then on, their MP3 players were simply branded "Samsung" worldwide until they discontinued all of them in late 2013. The brand included a wide range of hard-drive based as well as flash-memory based players. The name is claimed to be an acronym for "young, energetic, passionate person".

Windows Media Audio
Windows Media Audio (WMA) is a series of audio codecs and their corresponding audio coding formats developed by Microsoft. It is a proprietary technology that forms part of the Windows Media framework. Audio encoded in WMA is stored in a digital container format called Advanced Systems Format (ASF).

WMA consists of four distinct codecs. The original WMA codec, known simply as WMA, was conceived as a competitor to the popular MP3 and RealAudio codecs. WMA Pro, a newer and more advanced codec, supports multichannel and high-resolution audio. A lossless codec, WMA Lossless, compresses audio data without loss of audio fidelity (the regular WMA format is lossy). WMA Voice, targeted at voice content, applies compression using a range of low bit rates.
Khatkar Khurd
Khatkar Khurd is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) away from postal head office Kahma, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Nawanshahr, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 106 kilometres (66 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district
Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district is one of twenty-three districts of state of Punjab, India. It is located in Doaba region. It consists of three subdivisions, Nawanshahr, Banga, and Balachaur.
There are three legislative seats in the district, Nawanshahr, Balachaur and Banga. They fall under the Anandpur Sahib Lok Sabha Constituency. Nawanshahr, the district headquarters is about 92 kilometres (57 mi) from Chandigarh, the state's capital.

As of 2011, it is the third least populous district of Punjab (out of 22), after Barnala and Fatehgarh Sahib.