hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rao–Blackwell theorem
In statistics, the Rao–Blackwell theorem, sometimes referred to as the Rao–Blackwell–Kolmogorov theorem, is a result that characterizes the transformation of an arbitrarily crude estimator into an estimator that is optimal by the mean-squared-error criterion or any of a variety of similar criteria.

The Rao–Blackwell theorem states that if g(X) is any kind of estimator of a parameter θ, then the conditional expectation of g(X) given T(X), where T is a sufficient statistic, is typically a better estimator of θ, and is never worse. Sometimes one can very easily construct a very crude estimator g(X), and then evaluate that conditional expected value to get an estimator that is in various senses optimal.

The theorem is named after C.R. Rao and David Blackwell.  The process of transforming an estimator using the Rao–Blackwell theorem can be referred to as Rao–Blackwellization. The transformed estimator is called the Rao–Blackwell estimator.

Invariant estimator
In statistics, the concept of being an invariant estimator is a criterion that can be used to compare the properties of different estimators for the same quantity. It is a way of formalising the idea that an estimator should have certain intuitively appealing qualities. Strictly speaking, "invariant" would mean that the estimates themselves are unchanged when both the measurements and the parameters are transformed in a compatible way, but the meaning has been extended to allow the estimates to change in appropriate ways with such transformations. The term equivariant estimator is used in formal mathematical contexts that include a precise description of the relation of the way the estimator changes in response to changes to the dataset and parameterisation: this corresponds to the use of "equivariance" in more general mathematics.
Camp Mabry
Camp Mabry (ICAO: KATT) is a military installation in Austin, Texas, housing the headquarters of the Texas Military Department, Texas Military Forces, and Texas Military Forces Museum. Established in 1892, Camp Mabry is the third-oldest active military installation in Texas, behind Fort Sam Houston and Fort Bliss. It was named for Brigadier General Woodford H. Mabry, the Adjutant General of Texas when the camp was founded. The camp was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Military base
A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. A military base always provides accommodations for one or more units, but it may also be used as a command center, training ground or proving ground. In most cases, military bases rely on outside help to operate. However, certain complex bases are able to endure on their own for long periods because they are able to provide food, drinking water, and other necessities for their inhabitants while under siege. Bases for military aviation are called air bases. Bases for military ships are called naval bases.
Lenka Němečková
Lenka Němečková (born 20 April 1976) is a Czech former professional tennis player.

Němečková was born in Brno. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of 72, achieved on 12 January 1998. She also has a career-high WTA doubles ranking of 85, achieved on 28 April 1997. Němečková won one doubles title on the WTA Tour and four singles and 16 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Němečková (married Janoušková) retired from professional tennis in 2006.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
East Village, Kansas City
East Village is an area in Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, located northeast of City Hall and east of Ilus W. Davis Park.

The area, which is set around 11th Street and Locust Avenue, will be the new headquarters for the J.E. Dunn Construction Group and other Village East development, including residences and commercial space.

The area was one of three sites under consideration for construction of the Kansas City Royals' new baseball stadium. The nearby Crossroads district was also considered as the stadium site, which was voted down by Jackson County, Missouri, taxpayers during the election on April 2, 2024.

Jackson County, Missouri
Jackson County is located in the western portion of the U.S. state of Missouri, on the border with Kansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 717,204. making it the second-most populous county in the state (after St. Louis County in the east). The county seats are Independence and Kansas City, making Jackson County one of 33 U.S. counties with more than one county seat. The county was organized December 15, 1826, and named for former Tennessee senator Andrew Jackson, who would become President of the United States three years later in 1829.
Lee Observatory
The Lee Observatory is an astronomical observatory on the campus of the American University of Beirut in Beirut, Lebanon. Opened in 1873, it is the first and the oldest observatory of the Middle East in modern times.

Nowadays the observatory has only an academic role.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Willandra National Park
The Willandra National Park is a protected national park that is located in the Far West region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The 19,386-hectare (47,900-acre) national park is situated approximately 580 kilometres (360 mi) west of Sydney and comprises flat grassy plain bounded to the north by Willandra Creek, which is a tributary of the Lachlan River.

Lachlan River
The Lachlan River (Wiradjuri: Kalari, Galari, Galiyarr) is an intermittent river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, located in the Southern Tablelands, Central West, and Riverina regions of New South Wales, Australia.

The Lachlan River is connected to the Murray–Darling basin only when both the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers are in flood. It is the only river in New South Wales with significant wetlands along its length, rather than just towards its end, including Lake Cowal-Wilbertroy, Lake Cargelligo and Lake Brewster, and nine wetlands of national significance.
Weirdo Rippers
Weirdo Rippers is a compilation by LA-based duo No Age.  It was released by FatCat in 2007 and compiled early singles put out by the band. Although not technically an album, it is often seen as their debut LP.

FatCat Records
FatCat Records is an English independent record label based in Brighton. The label's output reaches into many styles including experimental rock, electronica, psychedelic folk, contemporary classical, noise and post-punk. Notable artists that have released music on the label include Sigur Rós, Múm, Animal Collective, Frightened Rabbit, Shopping, the Twilight Sad, Vashti Bunyan and We Were Promised Jetpacks.
Netherlands women's national squash team
The Netherlands women's national squash team represents the Netherlands in international squash team competitions, and is governed by Dutch Squash Federation.

Since 1981, the Netherlands has participated in two semi-finals of the World Squash Team Open, in 1992 and 2006. In 2010, the Netherlands won the European Squash Team Championships.

2006 Women's World Team Squash Championships
The 2006 Women's World Team Squash Championships was the women's edition of the 2006 World Team Squash Championships organized by the World Squash Federation, which serves as the world team championship for squash players. The event was held at the Royal Glenora Club in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada from September 24 to 30, 2006. The tournament was organized by the World Squash Federation and Squash Canada. The England team won their sixth World Team Championships, beating the Egyptian team in the final.
1952 Campeonato Paulista
The 1952 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divisão, organized by the Federação Paulista de Futebol, was the 51st season of São Paulo's top professional football league. Corinthians won the title for the 14th time. Jabaquara and Radium were relegated. The top scorer was Corinthians's Baltazar with 27 goals.

Baltazar (footballer, born 1926)
Oswaldo da Silva (14 January 1926 – 25 March 1997), commonly known as Baltazar, was a Brazilian footballer. Nicknamed Cabecinha de Ouro (Golden Head) by fans for his heading ability, he played as a forward.
Mark Waugh
Mark Edward Waugh AM (born 2 June 1965) is an Australian cricket commentator and former international cricketer, who represented Australia in Test matches from early 1991 to late 2002, after previously making his One Day International (ODI) debut in 1988. Waugh was a part of the Australian team that won the 1999 Cricket World Cup.

Waugh is younger than his twin brother Steve Waugh by a few minutes. Dean Waugh, another of Mark's brothers, is also a cricketer, having played both first-class and List A cricket in Australia for New South Wales. His nephew and Steve's son, Austin Waugh, was selected in the Australian under-19 team. He was previously a national selector, holding that position until August 2018. On 15 May 2018, he announced his intentions to swap national selector duties for a TV commentating role with Fox Sports.

Fox Sports (Australia)
Fox Sports Australia Pty Limited (formerly Premier Media Group Pty Limited) is the division of Foxtel that owns and operates the Fox Sports television networks and digital properties in Australia. The group operates nine Fox Sports Channels as well as Fox Sports News, Fox Cricket, Fox League, Fox Footy, Watch AFL and Watch NRL. Fox Sports channels such as Fox Netball are available via Foxtel or Kayo. The group's main competitors are beIN Sports, ESPN and Stan Sport. Unlike the American Fox Sports, the group is not owned directly by the Fox Corporation. However News Corp, which formerly held a 65% stake in Foxtel, was Fox Corporation's sister company until April 2025. Fox Sports Australia is now owned by DAZN.
Joseph O'Connell Ryan
Joseph O'Connell Ryan (18 December 1841 – 26 July 1938) was a Canadian politician, barrister and editor.

Born in Dunnville, Canada West, the son of John O'Connell and the former Miss Ryan, he was educated at Regiopolis College; he adopted his mother's surname. In 1868, he married Mary Helena Macmanamin. He was editor of the British American in Kingston in 1870. Ryan was called to the Ontario bar in 1869 and to the Manitoba bar in 1872. He practised law in Portage la Prairie.

He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Member of the Liberal Party in an 1874 by-election to represent the riding of Marquette after losing the election earlier that year to Robert Cunningham. He was acclaimed in a by-election in 1878. From 1882 to 1916, Ryan was judge in the County Court for the Central Judicial District in Manitoba.

He died in Los Angeles, California at the age of 96.

Acclamation
An acclamation is a form of election that does not use a ballot. It derives from the ancient Roman word acclamatio, a kind of ritual greeting and expression of approval towards imperial officials in certain social contexts.
Modern Problems
Modern Problems is a 1981 American comedy film written and directed by Ken Shapiro and starring Chevy Chase, Patti D'Arbanville, and Dabney Coleman. The film grossed $26.2 million on an $8 million budget.

Nell Carter
Nell Carter (born Nell Ruth Hardy; September 13, 1948 – January 23, 2003) was an American actress and singer.

Carter began her career in 1970, singing in the theater, and later began work on television. She was best known for her role as Nell Harper on the sitcom Gimme a Break!, which aired from 1981 to 1987. Carter received two Emmy and two Golden Globe award nominations for her work on the series. Prior to Gimme a Break!, Carter won a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical in 1978 for her performance in the Broadway musical Ain't Misbehavin' as well as a Primetime Emmy Award for her reprisal of the role on television in 1982.
Modou Tall
Modou Tall (born 27 June 1953) is a former Senegalese basketball player. Tall competed for Senegal at the 1980 Summer Olympics, where he scored 47 points in 6 games, including 18 points in a loss to Czechoslovakia.

Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics was the tenth appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event. It was held from July 20 to July 30 at the Olympiiski Indoor Stadium and at the CSKA Sports Palace, both located in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. Finals of men's events were held 30 July at the Olympiiski Indoor Stadium.

Due to the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, the United States and other nations withdrew from the tournament. The 1980 Olympics marked the second time (after a controversy in 1972) that the United States men's team did not win the gold medal in Olympic basketball;  Yugoslavia won gold in the men's tournament and the Soviet Union in the women's competition.
Schultes
Schultes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Josef August Schultes (1773–1831), Austrian botanist and professor in Vienna, father of Julius

Julius Hermann Schultes (1804–1840), Austrian botanist in Vienna

Richard Evans Schultes (1915–2001), American ethnobotanist

Richard Evans Schultes
Richard Evans Schultes (SHULL-tees; January 12, 1915 – April 10, 2001) was an American biologist, considered to be the father of modern ethnobotany. He is known for his studies of the uses of plants by indigenous peoples, especially the indigenous peoples of the Americas. He worked on entheogenic or hallucinogenic plants, particularly in Mexico and the Amazon, involving lifelong collaborations with chemists. He had charismatic influence as an educator at Harvard University; several of his students and colleagues went on to write popular books and assume influential positions in museums, botanical gardens, and popular culture.

His book The Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing, and Hallucinogenic Powers (1979), co-authored with chemist Albert Hofmann, the discoverer of LSD,  is considered his greatest popular work: it has never been out of print and was revised into an expanded second edition, based on a German translation by Christian Rätsch (1998), in 2001.
Dan Man
Dan Man is the stage name of Belizean entertainer Allison Hemsley. Hemsley (born 1973 in Belize City) is a local musician and rapper and actor. He received national attention after starring in the television series Noh Matta Wat!.

Belize City
Belize City is the largest city in Belize. It was once the capital of the former British Honduras. According to the 2022 census, Belize City has a population of 63,999 people. It is at the mouth of the Haulover Creek, which is a distributary of the Belize River. The Belize River empties into the Caribbean Sea eight kilometres (five miles) from Belize City on the Philip Goldson Highway on the coast of the Caribbean. The city is the country's principal port and its financial and industrial hub. Cruise ships drop anchor outside the port and are tendered by local citizens. The city was almost entirely destroyed in October 1961 when Hurricane Hattie swept ashore. It was the capital of British Honduras (as Belize was then named) until the government was moved to the new capital of Belmopan in 1970.
Richard Hannon Jr.
Richard Michael Hannon Jr. (born 21 November 1975) is a British racehorse trainer. He is the son of, and former assistant to, four time British flat racing Champion Trainer Richard Hannon Sr. He operates from the 160 capacity Herridge Racing Stables, near Marlborough, Wiltshire, with a smaller yard at Everleigh on the edge of Salisbury Plain. He took over the training operation from his father at the end of 2013.

Marlborough, Wiltshire
Marlborough (/ˈmɔːlbərə/ ⓘ MAWL-bər-ə, is a market town and civil parish in the English county of Wiltshire on the Old Bath Road, the old main road from London to Bath. The town is on the River Kennet, 24 miles (39 km) north of Salisbury and 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Swindon. In 2021 it had a population of 9129.
Sparassis
Sparassis (also known as cauliflower mushroom) is a genus of parasitic and saprobic mushroom characterised by its unique shape and appearance and is found around the globe. Its appearance can be described as similar to a sea sponge, a brain or a head of cauliflower, hence its popular name.

It is increasingly cultivated and sold in Korea, Japan, the United States and Australia.

The generic name comes from the Greek sparassein, meaning to tear.

Cauliflower
Cauliflower is one of several vegetables cultivated from the species Brassica oleracea in the genus Brassica, which is in the Brassicaceae (or mustard) family. Cauliflower usually grows with one main stem that carries a large, rounded "head" made of tightly clustered, immature white or off-white flower buds called the "curd". Typically, only the "head" is eaten.

An annual plant that reproduces by seed, the cauliflower head is composed of a (generally) white inflorescence meristem. Although cauliflower heads resemble those in broccoli, the latter differs in having flower buds as the edible portion.

The global cauliflower production (combined with broccoli) in 2023 was 26.5 million tonnes, led by China and India with 72% of the total.
Silvermine Bay Ferry Pier
Silvermine Bay Ferry Pier or Mui Wo Ferry Pier is a ferry pier located on the waterfront of Silver Mine Bay in Mui Wo Ferry Pier Road, Mui Wo, New Territories, Hong Kong. There are two ferry routes provided in the pier. One is the service between Mui Wo and Central, operated by Sun Ferry. Another one is the "Inter-Island" service among Peng Chau, Lantau Island (Mui Wo, Chi Ma Wan) and Cheung Chau, also operated by the same operator.

Central, Hong Kong
Central (Chinese: 中環), also known as Central District, is the central business district of Hong Kong. It is located in the northeastern corner of the Central and Western District, on the north shore of Hong Kong Island, across Victoria Harbour from Tsim Sha Tsui, the southernmost point of Kowloon Peninsula. The area was the heart of Victoria City, although that name is rarely used anymore.

As the central business district of Hong Kong, it is the area where many multinational financial services corporations have their headquarters. Consulates of many countries are also located in this area, as is Government Hill, the site of the government headquarters until 2011. The area, with its proximity to Victoria Harbour, has served as the centre of trade and financial activities from the earliest days of the British colonial era in 1841, and continues to flourish and serve as the place of administration since the handover to China in 1997.
Weed High School
Weed High School is a secondary school located in Weed, California and is part of the Siskiyou Union High School District.

For the 2006–07 school year, the school had student enrollment of 196, an Academic Performance Index (API) of 727 which is equal to the Siskiyou County average API for the same period, and above the CA state average API of 697. The student to teacher ratio was 30:1, and the student to computer ratio was 2:1. The school's racial/ethnic make-up was 40% white/Caucasian, 29% Latino/Hispanic, 31% black/African-American, which is considered quite diverse for a rural school in this geographic area.

Academic Performance Index (California public schools)
The Academic Performance Index (API) was a measurement of academic performance and progress of individual schools in California, United States. The API was one of the main components of the Public Schools Accountability Act passed by the California State Legislature in 1999. It was last updated for the 2012–2013 school year, and on March 15, 2017, the California State Board of Education and the California Department of Education launched a new accountability system to replace the Academic Performance Index to better measure California's education goals. The replacement reporting interface is the California School Dashboard.
Rikki Doak
Rikki Doak (born October 10, 1997) is a Canadian short track speed skater. She is a two-time world championships medallist after winning a gold medal as part of the women's relay team at the 2025 world championships, as well as a bronze medal in the women's 500 m.

Short-track speed skating
Short-track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.12 metres (364.57 ft). The rink itself is 60 metres (196.85 ft) long by 30 metres (98.43 ft) wide, which is the same size as an Olympic-sized figure skating rink and an international-sized ice hockey rink. Related sports include long-track speed skating and inline speed skating.
Fels-Naptha
Fels-Naptha is an American brand of laundry soap manufactured by Summit Brands.

Invented in 1893 by Fels and Company, it originally included the ingredient naphtha, effective for cleaning laundry and removing urushiol (an oil contained in poison ivy).

Laundry detergent
Laundry detergent is a type of detergent (cleaning agent) used for cleaning dirty laundry (clothes). Laundry detergent is manufactured in powder (washing powder) and liquid form.

While powdered and liquid detergents hold roughly equal share of the worldwide laundry detergent market in terms of value, powdered detergents are sold twice as much compared to liquids in terms of volume.
Mantehwa Lahmsombat
Mantehwa Lahmsombat (Thai: แมนเทวา ล่ามสมบัติ; born August 16, 1981), simply known as Man (Thai: แมน). He is a retired professional footballer from Khon Kaen, Thailand.

He also played for Bangkok University FC in the 2007 AFC Champions League group stage.

Bangkok United F.C.
Bangkok United Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลทรู แบงค็อก ยูไนเต็ด) (currently known as True Bangkok United due to sponsorship reasons) is a professional football club based in Pathum Thani province, Thailand.

Known as Bangkok University Football Club until 2009, the club was relegated from the 2010 Thai Premier League only four years after winning their first league title in 2006. In 2012 they were promoted to Thai League 1, after finishing third in the 2012 Thai Division 1 League. The club has won 1 Thai League 1 title, 1 Thai League 2 title and 1 Thailand Champions Cup in their history.
Tramways in Exeter
Tramways in Exeter were operated between 1882 and 1931. The first horse-drawn trams were operated by the Exeter Tramway Company but in 1904 the Exeter Corporation took over. They closed the old network and replaced it with a new one powered by electricity.

Motive power depot
A motive power depot (MPD) or locomotive depot, or traction maintenance depot (TMD), is where  locomotives are usually housed, repaired and maintained. They were originally known as "running sheds", "engine sheds" or just "sheds". Facilities are provided for refuelling and the replenishing of water, lubricating oil and grease and, for steam engines, the disposal of ash. There are often workshops for day-to-day repairs and maintenance, but locomotive building and major overhauls are usually carried out at locomotive works. (Note: In American English, the term depot is used to refer to passenger stations or goods (freight) facilities, not to vehicle maintenance facilities.)