hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gjessing
Gjessing is a Danish and Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alf Gjessing

Gustav Antonio Gjessing (1835–1921), Norwegian philologist

Gutorm Gjessing

Helge Gjessing

Just Gjessing

Ketil Gjessing (born 1934), Norwegian poet

Kristian Gjessing (born 1978), Danish handball player

Poul Ib Gjessing

Søren Christian Gjessing

Kristian Gjessing
Kristian Gjessing (born 15 January 1978) is a Danish former handball player. During his career he played for multiple Danish Handball League sides, including AaB Håndbold, HC Midtjylland and Skjern Håndbold. He has also previously played for Spanish side BM Altea.

Gjessing made 52 appearances for the Danish national handball team.

He ended his career in 2017.
Jim Sheridan (politician)
James Sheridan (24 November 1952 – 23 September 2022) was a British Labour Party politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Paisley and Renfrewshire North, formerly Renfrewshire West, from 2001 to 2015.

Paisley and Renfrewshire North
Paisley and Renfrewshire North is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom represented since 2024 by  Alison Taylor of Scottish Labour. It was created for the 2005 general election, from parts of the Paisley North and Renfrewshire West constituencies.
Daniel Rydmark
Daniel Kjell Rydmark (born February 23, 1970) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player. He played during his career for VIK Västerås HK, Färjestads BK, Malmö IF Redhawks, and Phoenix Roadrunners. He won three Swedish Championships during his career-one with Färjestads in 1988  and two with Malmö in 1992  and 1994 . The Los Angeles Kings drafted him in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft as the 123rd pick overall. He never played with the Kings, but he played eleven games with Phoenix Roadrunners of the IHL in 1995.

Västerås IK
Västerås IK (Västerås Ishockey klubb) is a professional ice hockey club from Västerås, Sweden. The team is currently playing in the second-tier league in Sweden, HockeyAllsvenskan. Västerås IK played 12 seasons in the top Swedish league Elitserien (1988–89 to 1999–00) before the club went bankrupt and merged with the junior club (Västerås IK Ungdom), which changed name to VIK Västerås HK in 2005. In 2018, after playing a year in tier three, Hockeyettan, the club changed it name back to the old name Västerås IK.
Song poetry
Song poetry is poetry typical of the Song dynasty of China, established by the Zhao family in China in 960 and lasted until 1279.

Many of the best known Classical Chinese poems, popular also in translation, are from the Song dynasty poets, such as Su Shi (Dongpo), Ouyang Xiu, Lu You and Yang Wanli. This was also a time of great achievement in painting and literature, and many artists were accomplished in more than one of these fields while simultaneously holding government positions.

Zhao (surname)
Zhao (/dʒaʊ/; traditional Chinese: 趙; simplified Chinese: 赵; pinyin: Zhào; Wade–Giles: Chao⁴) is a Chinese-language surname. The name is first in the Hundred Family Surnames – the traditional list of all Chinese surnames – because it was the emperor's surname of the Song dynasty (960–1279) when the list was compiled. The first line of the poem is 趙錢孫李 (Zhao, Qian, Sun, Li).

Zhao may be romanized as "Chiu" from the Cantonese pronunciation, and is romanized in Taiwan and Hong Kong as "Chao" in the Wade–Giles system. It is romanized as Vietnamese family name "Triệu" among the Chinese diaspora in Vietnam. Zhao is cognate to Korean family name "Cho" (조) in Korea.

The romanization is shared with the much rarer family name Zhào (兆).
Soviet espionage in the United States
As early as the 1920s, the Soviet Union, through its GRU, OGPU, NKVD, and KGB intelligence agencies, used Russian and foreign-born nationals (resident spies), as well as Communists of American origin, to perform espionage activities in the United States, forming various spy rings. Particularly during the 1940s, some of these espionage networks had contact with various U.S. government agencies. These Soviet espionage networks illegally transmitted confidential information to Moscow, such as information on the development of the atomic bomb (see atomic spies). Soviet spies also participated in propaganda and disinformation operations, known as active measures, and attempted to sabotage diplomatic relationships between the U.S. and its allies.

Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy
The Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy, also called the Moynihan Commission, after its chairman, U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan,  was a bipartisan statutory commission in the United States. It was created under Title IX of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (P.L. 103-236 SEC. 900) to conduct "an investigation into all matters in any way related to any legislation, executive order, regulation, practice, or procedure relating to classified information or granting security clearances" and to submit a final report with recommendations. The Commission's investigation of government secrecy was the first authorized by statute since the Wright Commission on Government Security issued its report in 1957.

The Commission issued its unanimous final report on March 3, 1997.

A major effect of the commission was the declassification of the VENONA project.
Prest (surname)
Prest is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agnes Prest, English Protestant martyr

Arthur Prest, Nigerian politician

Bill Prest, Australian politician

Cedar Prest, Australian artist

Charles Prest, English cricketer

Edward Prest, English cricketer

Edward Prest (priest), British archdeacon

Harold Prest, English cricketer

John Prest, British historian

Martín Prest, Argentine footballer

Sid Prest, Canadian politician

Steve Prest, English snooker player

Thomas Peckett Prest, British writer

Tommy Prest, English footballer

Warren Prest, Australian rules footballer

Wilfrid Prest, Australian academic

William Prest, English cricketer and footballer

William Prest (Cambridgeshire cricketer), English cricketer

Wilfrid Prest
Wilfrid Prest, AM (born 1940) is an Australian legal historian who is professor emeritus at the University of Adelaide. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, the Australian Academy of the Humanities, the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, and Queen's College, University of Melbourne, and a member of the Council of the Selden Society, London.

He has published five sole-author books, three scholarly textual editions, and twelve edited collections, together with numerous journal articles and entries in works of reference.
Khovd Western FC
Khovd Western Football Club is a Mongolian football club competing in the Mongolian Premier League. Its women's section plays in the Women's National Football League and took part in the AFC Women's Champions League.

AFC Women's Champions League
The AFC Women's Champions League is the top-tier women's football club competition in Asia. It involves the top clubs from countries affiliated with the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The tournament was established in 2024.
Aleysky (rural locality)
Aleysky (Russian: Алейский) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Aleysky Selsoviet, Aleysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 569 as of 2013. There are 11 streets.

Aleysky District
Aleysky District (Russian: Але́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the center of the krai. The area of the district is 3,400 square kilometers (1,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Aleysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:  16,800 (2010 census); 20,474 (2002 census); 21,510 (1989 Soviet census).
Hold You Down (The Alchemist song)
"Hold You Down" is a song by American hip hop musician the Alchemist featuring fellow rappers Prodigy and Illa Ghee and musical duo Nina Sky. It was released on October 19, 2004 via Koch Records as the lead single from the Alchemist's debut studio album 1st Infantry. Recording sessions took place at The Lab in New York City. Production was handled by the Alchemist himself, who utilised a sample from Al Kooper's "Love Theme". The music video was directed by Estevan Oriol.

The song peaked at number 95 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 47 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, number 44 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay and number 17 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales in the United States.

Estevan Oriol
Estevan Oriol is an American photographer and director from Los Angeles, California. He has photographed chicano, cholo culture, and Los Angeles gang culture at large, as well as film and hip-hop celebrities. Oriol directed the documentary film LA Originals (2020).
2024 Colorado elections
The 2024 Colorado elections were held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024 and the primary election took place on June 25, 2024. In addition to the U.S. presidential race, Colorado voters voted in the U.S. House, Colorado State Board of Education, the University of Colorado Board of Regents, and other local elections.

University of Colorado Board of Regents
The Regents of the University of Colorado is the governing board of the University of Colorado system, the system of public universities in the U.S. state of Colorado. Established under Article IX, Section 12 of the Constitution of Colorado, it has nine voting members. The board also has three non-voting representatives that represent the students, staff, and faculty of the CU system.

The regents oversee the university's budget, hire the university's president and other top university officials, and set tuition and priorities. They select a chair and vice-chair from their own membership.
Margaret Stride
Margaret Stride (née MacGowan; born 21 December 1954) is a Canadian sprinter. She competed in the women's 400 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics. She won a gold medal in the 1975 Pan American Games 4 × 400 metres relay (with Joyce Sadowick, Rachelle Campbell and Joanne McTaggart). At the 1975 Pan American Games Stride, while competing under her maiden name McGowen, finished sixth in the 400 metres. She also won bronze medals in the 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games and 1978 Commonwealth Games.

1975 Pan American Games
The 1975 Pan American Games, officially known as the VII Pan American Games (Spanish: VII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Mexico 1975 (Spanish: México 1975), were held in Mexico City, Mexico, from October 12 to October 26, 1975, exactly twenty years after the second Pan American Games were held there. It was the third major sporting event held in the Mexican capital in seven years, after the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1970 FIFA World Cup.
Rocchio algorithm
The Rocchio algorithm is based on a method of relevance feedback found in information retrieval systems which stemmed from the SMART Information Retrieval System developed between 1960 and 1964. Like many other retrieval systems, the Rocchio algorithm was developed using the vector space model. Its underlying assumption is that most users have a general conception of which documents should be denoted as relevant or irrelevant. Therefore, the user's search query is revised to include an arbitrary percentage of relevant and irrelevant documents as a means of increasing the search engine's recall, and possibly the precision as well. The number of relevant and irrelevant documents allowed to enter a query is dictated by the so called weights, i.e. the variables ,  and  listed below in the Algorithm section.

Frequency Weighting (spectral analysis)
The process of frequency weighting involves emphasizing the contribution of particular aspects of a phenomenon (or of a set of data) over others to an outcome or result; thereby highlighting those aspects in comparison to others in the analysis. That is, rather than each variable in the data set contributing equally to the final result, some of the data is adjusted to make a greater contribution than others. This is analogous to the practice of adding (extra) weight to one side of a pair of scales in order to favour either the buyer or seller.

While weighting may be applied to a set of data, such as epidemiological data, it is more commonly applied to measurements of light, heat, sound, gamma radiation, and in fact any stimulus that is spread over a spectrum of frequencies.
Gylfi Zoega
Gylfi Zoega (born February 14, 1963) is an Icelandic economist who has gained prominence as an academic and active contributor to the economic policy debate in Iceland, especially during the 2008–2012 Icelandic financial crisis. He appears in the film Inside Job which uses the Icelandic financial crisis as a lead-in to its focus, the 2008 economic crisis in the United States and its origins.

Lead paragraph
A lead paragraph (sometimes shortened to lead; in the United States sometimes spelled lede) is the opening paragraph of an article, book chapter, or other written work that summarizes its main ideas. Styles vary widely among the different types and genres of publications, from journalistic news-style leads to a more encyclopaedic variety.
Ross Video
Ross Video Ltd is a privately held Canadian company that designs and manufactures equipment for live event and video production. Ross Video's headquarters and manufacturing operations are located in Iroquois, Ontario, Canada, while their R&D labs are in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

South Dundas
South Dundas is a municipality in eastern Ontario, Canada, in the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry along the north shore of the St. Lawrence River. It is located approximately 100 kilometres (62 miles) south of Ottawa and is midway between Kingston and Montreal, Quebec.
Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937
The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provides authority for federal marketing orders, and also reaffirmed the marketing agreements provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933.

Under the authority of this permanent law and subsequent amendments, marketing orders have been established for milk as well as numerous fruits, vegetables, and specialty crops.

The Agricultural Marketing Agreement of 1937 created the Raisin Administrative Committee, which was the subject of the 2013 and 2015 Supreme Court case Horne v. Department of Agriculture.

Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product harvested for human use. Crops are cultivated at scale to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products. Crops have been central to human civilization since the first agricultural revolution, a key stage in the broader history of agriculture, when early societies domesticated plants for food and trade. Today, a small number of staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane account for the majority of global production. Because of their economic importance, crops are studied within several scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural science, horticulture, and forestry.
HNoMS Trondheim (1946)
HNoMS Trondheim was a C-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy as HMS Croziers. She was built by Yarrow Shipbuilders, Scotstoun during 1944 and 1945. On completion she was sold to the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1946 and renamed Trondheim. She was scrapped in 1961.

C-class destroyer (1943)
The C class was a class of 32 destroyers of the Royal Navy that were launched from 1943 to 1945. The class was built in four flotillas of 8 vessels, the "Ca", "Ch", "Co" and "Cr" groups or sub-classes, ordered as the 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th Emergency Flotillas respectively. The sub-class names are derived from the initial 2 letters of the member ships' names, although the "Ca" class were originally ordered with a heterogeneous mix of traditional destroyer names. A fifth flotilla, the "Ce" or 15th Emergency Flotilla, was planned but were cancelled in favour of the Weapon-class destroyers after only the first two ships had been ordered. The pennant numbers were all altered from "R" superior to "D" superior at the close of World War II; this involved some renumbering to avoid duplications.
2010 Oceania Track Championships
The 2010 Oceania Track Championships were the 2010 edition of the annual Oceania Track Championships and were held at the ILT Velodrome in Invercargill, New Zealand. Eight of the 10 Olympic events (sprint, team sprint, keirin, and team pursuit) were included for both men and women, however omnium was excluded because at this point it was not in the 2012 Summer Olympics programme. Non-Olympics events (time trial, individual pursuit, points race, scratch race) were also included for both men and women as well as madison for men. Under 19 events were also held for each event, however the men's madison and women's (keirin, team sprint, team pursuit, points race and scratch race were combined Under 19 and Elite events.

Scratch race
A scratch race is a track cycling race in which all riders start together and the objective is simply to be first over the finish line after a certain number of laps.

UCI regulations specify that a scratch race should be held over 15 km for Elite Men and 10 km for Elite Women. Shorter distances of 10 km for men and 7.5 km for women may be used for qualifying rounds. Racers line up along the inner sprinter's rail and along the outer railing. The riders take a neutralised lap before the starting pistol is fired for the official start. A lapped rider must leave the race once they are overtaken by the peloton.  There are no intermediate points or sprints. One tactic is for a rider, or more often a group of riders, to break away and attempt to gain a lap on the rest of the field. The peloton cannot be lapped; but that rider or those riders cannot be beaten by anyone in the peloton.

The format favors endurance sprinters.
Martin Charles Golumbic
Martin Charles Golumbic (born 1948) is a mathematician and computer scientist known for his research on perfect graphs, graph sandwich problems, tolerance graphs, compiler optimization, and spatial-temporal reasoning. He is a professor emeritus of computer science at the University of Haifa, and was the founder of the journal Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence.

Optimizing compiler
An optimizing compiler is a compiler designed to generate code that is optimized in aspects such as minimizing program execution time, memory usage, storage size, and power consumption. Optimization is generally implemented as a sequence of optimizing transformations, a.k.a. compiler optimizations – algorithms that transform code to produce semantically equivalent code optimized for some aspect.

Optimization is limited by a number of factors. Theoretical analysis indicates that some optimization problems are NP-complete, or even undecidable. Also, producing perfectly optimal code is not possible since optimizing for one aspect often degrades performance for another (see: superoptimization). Optimization is a collection of heuristic methods for improving resource usage in typical programs.: 585
Seremban Jaya (state constituency)
Seremban Jaya is a state constituency in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly.

The state constituency was first contested in 2018 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly
The Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Sembilan) is the state legislature of the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan. It consists of 36 members who represent single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and are usually conducted simultaneously with elections to the federal parliament and other state assemblies (except Sarawak). It is unicameral.

The Assembly convenes at the Wisma Negeri in the state capital, Seremban.
Port Bucyrus-Crawford County Airport
The Port Bucyrus/Crawford County Airport (FAA LID: 17G) is a publicly owned, public use airport located 1 mile south of Bucyrus in Crawford County, Ohio. The airport sits on 144 acres at an elevation of 1007 feet.

In 2021, the airport received nearly $160,000 as part of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which was aimed at counteracting inflation in the United States.

Crawford County, Ohio
Crawford County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,025. Its county seat and largest city is Bucyrus. The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1836. It was named for Colonel William Crawford, a soldier during the American Revolution. Crawford County comprises the Bucyrus, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Mansfield-Ashland-Bucyrus, OH Combined Statistical Area.
Joyce Pipkin
Joyce Clarence Pipkin (January 9, 1924 – April 11, 2017) was an American professional football offensive end who played for the New York Giants and Los Angeles Dons. He played college football at the University of Arkansas, having previously attended Hot Springs High School in his home state of Arkansas. He died in 2017, at the age of 93.

Los Angeles Dons
The Los Angeles Dons were an American football team in the newly formed football league the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) from 1946 to 1949, and played their home games in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The Dons were the first professional football team to play a regular season game in Los Angeles, California, two weeks before the first game of the rival Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League, who had moved from Cleveland.
Makarye, Voronezh Oblast
Makarye (Russian: Макарье) is a rural locality (a selo) in Novousmansky District of Voronezh Oblast, Russia, located on the Makariy River 23.8 kilometers (14.8 mi) northeast from the district's administrative center of Novaya Usman and connected to Orlovo with a 5-kilometer (3.1 mi) road. Population: 580 (2005 est.).

Novousmansky District
Novousmansky District (Russian: Новоу́сманский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,247 square kilometers (481 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Novaya Usman. Population: 786,930 (2021 Census); 73,034 (2010 Census); 64,275 (2002 Census); 64,182 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Novaya Usman accounts for 42.0% of the district's total population.
Listed buildings in Haverhill, Suffolk
Haverhill is a town and civil parish in the West Suffolk District of Suffolk, England. It contains 36 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these three are grade II* and 33 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

West Suffolk District
West Suffolk District is a local government district in Suffolk, England. It was established in 2019 as a merger of the previous Forest Heath District with the Borough of St Edmundsbury. The council is based in Bury St Edmunds, the district's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Brandon, Clare, Haverhill, Mildenhall and Newmarket, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. In 2021 it had a population of 180,820.

The neighbouring districts are Mid Suffolk, Babergh, Braintree, South Cambridgeshire, East Cambridgeshire, King's Lynn and West Norfolk and Breckland.