hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aphedron
The Greek noun aphedron (ἀφεδρών) is a term for "latrine". The word occurs twice in the New Testament (Matthew 15:17 and Mark 7:19) but was unknown in classical texts. The Vulgate rendered the term secessus ("latrine"). Wycliffe avoided the reference to a privy with "and beneath it goeth out", while Martin Luther translated the word as natürliche Gang ("natural course"), though Tyndale's "and goeth out into the draught" is clearer. Perhaps due in part to Luther's "natural course", various 18th- and 19th-century scholars assumed that the word was a euphemism for the human bowel. However, in 1901 the discovery and publication of an inscription at Pergamon confirmed that the word does, as per Latin: secessus, in fact mean "latrine".

The Mark 7:19 verse translates as "out into the aphedron, cleaning all meats" which makes no sense if the meat is still lodged in the lower intestine.

Euphemism
contraceptives

menstrual pads and tampons

adult diapers

A euphemism is the substitution of a potentially offensive or unpleasant word or expression with one that is more pleasant or inoffensive. Some euphemisms are humorous, while others use mild or neutral language to downplay certain concepts. They can often be used to soften profanity or discuss sensitive or taboo topics, such as disability, sex, bodily functions, pain, violence, illness, or death, in a more polite manner.
Zemun Cemetery
Zemun Cemetery is a public cemetery situated in Zemun on the Gardoš Hill. It is bounded by Cara Dušana Street, Nade Dimić Street, Sibinjanin Janka Street and Grobljanska Street, as well as with the staircase towards the Branka Radičevića Square, thus making the northwest boundary of the Old Core of Zemun. The cemetery is proclaimed the cultural monument.

National heritage site
A national heritage site is a heritage site having a value that has been registered by a governmental agency as being of national importance to the cultural heritage or history of that country. Usually such sites are listed in a heritage register that is open to the public, and many are advertised by national visitor bureaus as tourist attractions.

Usually such a heritage register list is split by type of feature (natural wonder, ruin, engineering marvel, etc.). In many cases a country may maintain more than one register; there are also registers for entities that span more than one country.
Hinckley-Finlayson Public Schools
Hinckley-Finlayson Public Schools (ISD #2165) is a school district headquartered in Hinckley, Minnesota.

Within Pine County it serves Hinckley, Finlayson, and Brook Park. It also serves sections of Aitkin County and Kanabec County.

Aitkin County, Minnesota
Aitkin County (/ˈeɪkɪn/ AY-kin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,697. Its county seat is Aitkin. Part of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation is in the county. The county was created in 1857 and organized in 1871.
Nicolas Wain
Nicolas Wain is a British former slalom canoeist who competed from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.

He won a gold medal in the K-1 team event at the 1981 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Bala.

1981 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1981 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Bala, Wales, Great Britain from July 15-24 under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation. It was the 17th edition. The mixed C2 event was reinstated after not being held at the previous championships.
Jörgen Bemström
Jörgen Bemström (born 6 April 1974) is a Swedish retired professional ice hockey player. In Elitserien Bemström played in Luleå HF, Modo Hockey and Södertälje SK. He ended his playing career in Södertälje SK in 2009, and was named the assistant coach of that team prior to the 2010–11 season. However, after Södertälje's relegation to HockeyAllsvenskan that season, he was forced to leave the club.

His son Emil currently plays for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League.

Luleå HF
Luleå Hockeyförening, also known as Luleå Hockey, is a professional ice hockey club from Luleå, Sweden. The club has been playing in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL), the top tier of ice hockey in Sweden, since the 1984–85 season. They are the northernmost team in the league and have won the Swedish championships twice, in 1996 and 2025. Since being promoted to the top flight (then called Elitserien) in 1984, the team has not once had to participate in a promotion/relegation-qualifier to defend their spot in the top league.
José Manuel Martínez (serial killer)
José Manuel Martínez (born June 13, 1962), dubbed El Mano Negra ("The Black Hand") is a Mexican-American former self-described drug cartel hitman. 
Martínez confessed to an estimated 36 murders and was sentenced to life in prison after being convicted of murder in multiple states. He is incarcerated at USP Victorville in California.

Drug cartel
A drug cartel   is a criminal organization composed of independent drug lords who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the illegal drug trade. Drug cartels form with the purpose of controlling the supply of the illegal drug trade and maintaining prices at a high level. The formations of drug cartels are common in Latin American countries. Rivalries between multiple drug cartels cause them to wage turf wars against each other. Drug cartels often transport both drugs and narcotics, and most often the term "Narcotics cartel" is not used to describe an organization that transports the latter legally defined set of illegal substances, such as marijuana.
Chicken wire
Chicken wire, or poultry netting, is a mesh of wire commonly used to fence in fowl, such as chickens, in a run or coop. It is made of thin, flexible, galvanized steel wire with hexagonal gaps. Available in 1⁄2 inch (about 1.3 cm), 1 inch (about 2.5 cm) diameter, and 2 inch (about 5 cm), chicken wire is available in various gauges—usually 19 gauge (about 1 mm wire) to 22 gauge (about 0.7 mm wire). Chicken wire is occasionally used to build inexpensive pens for small animals (or to protect plants and property from animals).

Fowl
Fowl are birds belonging to one of two biological orders, namely the gamefowl or landfowl (Galliformes) and the waterfowl (Anseriformes). Anatomical and molecular similarities suggest these two groups are close evolutionary relatives; together, they form the fowl clade which is scientifically known as Galloanserae or Galloanseres (initially termed Galloanseri) (Latin gallus ("rooster") + ānser ("goose")). This clade is also supported by morphological and DNA sequence data as well as retrotransposon presence/absence data.
Chain of Blame
Chain of Blame: How Wall Street Caused the Mortgage and Credit Crisis is a 2008 book about the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States by investigative journalists Paul Muolo of National Mortgage News and Mathew Padilla of the Orange County Register. The book has an accompanying website  with some excerpts, author biographies and a roundup of events in the subprime mortgage crisis that occurred after the book was printed.

The Orange County Register
The Orange County Register is a paid daily newspaper published in California. The Register, published in Orange County, California, is owned by the private equity firm Alden Global Capital via its Digital First Media News subsidiaries. It was founded as the Santa Ana Daily Evening in 1905 and owned by Freedom Communications from 1935 to 2016.
Constantine Tessarakontapechys
Constantine Tessarakontapechys (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος Τεσσαρακοντάπηχυς) was a Byzantine military governor (strategos)  of the theme of the Peloponnese. He is recorded in the history of Genesios  as being in office when, sometime in the early reign of Emperor Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912), the Emir of Crete, Abu Abdallah Umar ibn Shu'ayb, suffered a shipwreck off the coast of the Peloponnese and was taken prisoner when he reached the shore.

Theme (Byzantine district)
The themes or thémata (Greek: θέματα, thémata, singular: θέμα, théma) were the main military and administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire. They were established in the mid-7th century in the aftermath of the Slavic migrations to the Balkans and Muslim conquests of parts of Eastern Roman territory, and replaced the earlier ancient provincial system established by Diocletian and Constantine the Great. In their origin, the first themes were created from the areas of encampment of the field armies of the East Roman army, and their names corresponded to the military units that had existed in those areas. The theme system reached its apogee in the 9th and 10th centuries, as older themes were split up and the conquest of territory resulted in the creation of new ones. The original theme system underwent significant changes in the 11th and 12th centuries, but the term remained in use as a provincial and financial circumscription until the very end of the Empire.
Aynalı, Düzce
Aynalı is a village in the Düzce District of Düzce Province in Turkey. Its population is 410 (2022). Located 3 kilometers from Prusias ad Hypium, a floor mosaic part of an ancient villa was excavated near the village in 2016. As of December 2020, a team still continues to work in the area to find more pieces.

Villages of Turkey
A village (Turkish: köy, karye in the Ottoman era) is the second smallest settlement unit in Turkey.

The 51 regular provinces of Turkey and 30 province-level metropolitan municipalities are divided into districts.

A 2013 reform converted all 16,803 villages in the metropolitan municipalities, into neighborhoods (Turkish: mahalle) of the districts.

Remaining villages are in the rural areas of the districts in regular provinces, and have about 8.7% of the country's population. Each village or neighborhood elects a muhtar. Some more populous villages have been incorporated as towns (Turkish: belde), but in the others, the muhtar is responsible for all village services.

As of 2023, there are 18,277 villages and 32,261 neighbourhoods in Turkey.
Bakenhori
Bakenhori (servant of Horus) was an Ancient Egyptian official who lived under Ramesses II (c. 1303 BC – 1213 BC). He is only known from his decorated rock-cut tomb found in 2022 at Saqqara.

From the inscriptions in his tomb, many of his titles are known. He was true king's scribe, overseer of the wab-priests, lector priest and chief in the funerary workshop (pr-nfr) which is at the sacred place. His wife Taybaket is also mentioned in the tomb. She was songstress of Amun-Re, who is in the island.

The tomb was found in 2022 after heavy rainfalls exposed it. It was excavated, and restoration work was done. It is located north of the tomb of the 26th Dynasty Bakenrenef. The tomb consists of a built-up front part and a back part that is cut into the rocks. The front is an open courtyard with two pillars. At the facade was the entrance to a rock cut chamber that also has two pillars. Most walls are decorated with reliefs, showing Bakenhori and his wife.

Bakenrenef (vizier)
Bakenrenef or Bakenranef was an ancient Egyptian Vizier of the North (Lower Egypt) during the reign of Psamtik I (664 – 610 BC) of the 26th Dynasty. Like Khaemwaset several centuries before, he bore the title of Iunmutef, “Cleaner of the Great House”. His father was a mayor called Padineit, while his mother was a certain Tageb.

Bakenrenef is mainly known for his large rock tomb in Saqqara and its reliefs depicting scenes from the Book of the Dead and from the Amduat. The tomb was later reused for other burials during the 30th Dynasty. The decoration of the tomb was still largely intact when the Lepsius expedition discovered and copied it, in the middle of the 19th century. Since then, the grave has been vandalized: most reliefs were torn away from the walls and sold to various museums and private collectors. For about twenty years an Italian expedition worked there and Bakenrenef's limestone sarcophagus is now in the National Archaeological Museum of Florence.
2001 Australian Open – Men's doubles
Ellis Ferreira and Rick Leach were the defending champions, but Leach did not participate. Ferreira paired with David Rikl but lost in the second round to Arnaud Clément and Sébastien Grosjean.

Jonas Björkman and Todd Woodbridge won the title, defeating Byron Black and David Prinosil 6–1, 5–7, 6–4, 6–4 in the final. It was Woodbridge's 12th Grand Slam men's doubles title  and his first with a partner other than Mark Woodforde, who retired after the 2000 season.

Ellis Ferreira
Ellis Ferreira (born 19 February 1970) is a former professional male tennis player from South Africa. He played collegiately at the University of Alabama, earning all-SEC and all-American honors. Ferreira competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in men's doubles with Wayne Ferreira (to whom he is unrelated). He won two Grand Slam doubles titles, the Men's title at the 2000 Australian Open with Rick Leach and the mixed doubles at the Australian Open with Corina Morariu in 2001. Ferreira was named the Senior Assistant Men's and Women's Tennis Head Coach at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, in July 2007. Ferreira is now the co-owner of the Eagleton/ Ferreira Tennis Academy on Longboat Key in Florida.
Thomas Talbot (MP for Lancashire)
Sir Thomas Talbot (born 1507/1508 died 1 August 1558), of Bashall, Yorkshire, Rishton and Lower Darwen, Lancashire, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Lancashire in 1558.

Rishton
Rishton /ˈrɪʃtən/ is a town in the Hyndburn district of Lancashire, England, about 2 miles (3 km) west of Clayton-le-Moors and 4 miles (6 km) north east of Blackburn. It was an urban district from about 1894 to 1974. The population at the census of 2011 was 6,625.
Whale watching
Whale watching is the practice of observing whales and dolphins (cetaceans) in their natural habitat. Whale watching is mostly a recreational activity (cf. birdwatching), but it can also serve scientific and/or educational purposes. A study prepared for International Fund for Animal Welfare in 2009 estimated that 13 million people went whale watching globally in 2008. Whale watching generates $2.1 billion per annum in tourism revenue worldwide, employing around 13,000 workers. The size and rapid growth of the industry has led to complex and continuing debates with the whaling industry about the best use of whales as a natural resource.

Abashiri
Abashiri (網走市, Abashiri-shi) is a city located in Okhotsk Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

Abashiri is known as the site of the Abashiri Prison, a Meiji-era facility used for the incarceration of political prisoners. The old prison has been turned into a museum, but the city's new maximum-security prison is still in use.

As of 2008, the city has an estimated population of 40,333 and a density of 85.6 persons per km2 (222 persons per sq. mi.). The total area is 470.94 km2 (181.83 sq mi).
Monkleigh
Monkleigh is a village, parish and former manor in north Devon, England. It is situated 2.5 miles (4.0 km) miles north-west of Great Torrington and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-east of Bideford. It forms part of the Monkleigh and Littleham electoral ward. The population at the 2011 census was 1,488.

Walter Stapledon
Walter Stapeldon (died 15 October 1326) was an English cleric and administrator who was Bishop of Exeter from 1308 and twice served as Lord High Treasurer of England, in 1320 and from 1322 to 1325. He founded what became Exeter College, Oxford and contributed liberally to the rebuilding of Exeter Cathedral, where his tomb and monument survive. He was killed by a mob during the London uprising.
Aztec (chocolate bar)
Aztec was a chocolate bar produced by Cadbury's from 1967. It was made of nougat and caramel covered with milk chocolate and was sold in a deep purple wrapper. The Aztec was created by Cadbury's to compete with the Mars Bar, but it was discontinued in 1978.

The Aztec was briefly revived as Aztec 2000 in 2000, but was discontinued again soon after.

The Moro is a similar Cadbury product, first sold in New Zealand in the 1960s, that was a much more successful competitor to the Mars Bar.

Caramel
Caramel (/ˈkærəˌmɛl/, /ˈkærəməl/ or (US) /ˈkɑːrməl/) is a range of food ingredients made by heating sugars to high temperatures. It is used as a flavoring in puddings and desserts, as a filling in bonbons or candy bars, as a topping for ice cream and custard, and as a colorant commonly used in drinks.

The process of caramelization primarily consists of heating sugars slowly to around 170 °C (340 °F). As the sugar heats, the molecules break down and re-form into compounds with a characteristic colour and flavour.

A variety of sweets, desserts, toppings, and confections are made with caramel, including tres leches cake, brittles, nougats, pralines, flan, crème brûlée, crème caramel, and caramel apples. Ice creams are sometimes flavored with or contain swirls of caramel.
Vablya, Kursk Oblast
Vablya (Russian: Вабля) is a rural locality (Russian: село, lit. 'village') and the administrative center of Vablinsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  157 (2010 Census); 241 (2002 Census);

Konyshyovsky District
Konyshyovsky District (Russian: Конышёвский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwestern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,135 square kilometers (438 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Konyshyovka. Population: 8,425 (2021 Census); 10,594 (2010 Census);  15,155 (2002 Census); 19,234 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Konyshyovka accounts for 42.7% of the district's total population.
1991 Yugoslav Open – Doubles
Vojtěch Flégl and Daniel Vacek were the defending champions, but Flégl chose to compete at Rome during the same week. Vacek teamed up with Tobias Svantesson and lost in the first round to José Luis Aparisi and Vicente Solves.

Gilad Bloom and Javier Sánchez won the title by defeating Richey Reneberg and David Wheaton 7–6, 2–6, 6–1 in the final.

Vojtěch Flégl
Vojtěch Flégl (born 24 June 1967) is a former professional tennis player from the former Czechoslovakia and later Czech Republic.

Flégl enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career, he won five doubles titles. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 58 in 1992.
Kanzan Shimomura
Kanzan Shimomura (下村 観山, Shimomura Kanzan; April 10, 1873 – May 10, 1930) was the pseudonym of a nihonga painter in Meiji through to the early Shōwa period Japan. His real name was Shimomura Seizaburō.

Imperial Household Agency
The Imperial Household Agency (宮内庁, Kunai-chō) (IHA) is an agency of the government of Japan in charge of state matters concerning the Imperial Family, and the keeping of the Privy Seal and State Seal of Japan. From around the 8th century AD until the Second World War, it was known as the Imperial Household Ministry (宮内省, Kunai-shō).

The Agency is unique among conventional government agencies and ministries in that it does not directly report to the Prime Minister at the cabinet level.
Duludao-class dispatch boat
Duludao class dispatch boat is a class of little known naval auxiliary ship currently in service with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). The exact type still remains unknown, but it has received the NATO reporting name Duludao class. Of approximately more than a dozen units commissioned, many of them have been decommissioned since mid 2010s.

Ships of this class in PLAN service are designated by a combination of two Chinese characters followed by s two-digit number. The second Chinese character is Jiao (交), short for Jiao-Tong-Ting (交通艇), meaning dispatch boat (ferry) in Chinese, because these ships are classified as dispatch boats. The first Chinese character denotes which fleet the ship is service with, with East (Dong, 东) for East Sea Fleet, North (Bei, 北) for North Sea Fleet, and South (Nan, 南) for South Sea Fleet. However, the pennant numbers are subject to change due to changes of Chinese naval ships naming convention, or when units are transferred to different fleets.

Auxiliary ship
An auxiliary ship is a naval ship designed to support combatant ships and other naval operations. Auxiliary ships are not primary combatant vessels, though they may have some limited combat capacity, usually for purposes of self-defense.

Auxiliary ships are extremely important for navies of all sizes because if they were not present the primary fleet vessels would be unsupported. Thus, virtually every navy maintains an extensive fleet of auxiliary ships, however, the composition and size of these auxiliary fleets vary depending on the nature of each navy and its primary mission. Smaller coastal navies tend to have smaller auxiliary vessels focusing primarily on littoral and training support roles, while larger blue-water navies tend to have larger auxiliary fleets comprising longer-range fleet support vessels designed to provide support far beyond territorial waters.
Treaty of Pyzdry
The Treaty of Pyzdry was signed on 2 November 1390 between Władysław II Jagiełło, king of Poland and Wartislaw VII of Pomerania-Stolp (Duchy of Słupsk). The treaty, signed in Pyzdry, contained an oath of vassalage of Wartislaw to Jagiełło, the obligation to support the latter in the Polish-Teutonic War, and mutual trade alleviations for Pomeranian and Polish merchants. Wartislaw VII, who with his brothers was allied with the Teutonic Order before, received the Polish castellany of Nakło and probably some adjacent areas as a fief.

Nakło nad Notecią
Nakło nad Notecią (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnakwɔ ˌnad nɔˈtɛt͡ɕɔ̃]) (German: Nakel an der Netze) is a town in north-central Poland on the river Noteć with 23,687 inhabitants (2007). It is the seat of Nakło County, and also of Gmina Nakło nad Notecią, situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is located in the ethnocultural region of Krajna.
Apple Productivity Experience Group
Apple Productivity Experience Group (known as APEX) is an operating unit of Microsoft that, as of 2009, is the largest software developer outside of Apple Inc. for the macOS and iOS operating systems. Formed as Macintosh Business Unit on January 7, 1997, it was initially composed of over 100 individuals from the existing cross platform Word, Excel, and PowerPoint teams in Microsoft's Office Division, and grew to 180 people the next year, with the addition of the Internet Explorer for Mac and Outlook Express for Mac teams.   In 2000, it moved from the Office Division to the Specialized Devices and Applications Group inside the Entertainment and Devices Division, and is now back inside the Microsoft Office division.

Outlook Express
Outlook Express, formerly known as Microsoft Internet Mail and News, is a discontinued email and news client included with Internet Explorer versions 3.0 to 6.0. As such, it was bundled with several versions of Microsoft Windows, from Windows 98 to Windows Server 2003, and was available for Windows 3.x, Windows NT 3.51, Windows 95, Mac System 7, Mac OS 8, and Mac OS 9. In Windows Vista, Outlook Express was superseded by Windows Mail.

Outlook Express is a different application from Microsoft Outlook. The two programs do not share a common codebase, but they do share a common architectural philosophy. The similar names lead many people to conclude incorrectly that Outlook Express is a stripped-down version of Microsoft Outlook. Outlook Express uses the Windows Address Book to store contact information and integrates tightly with it.