hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Balfour Note
The Balfour Note of 1 August 1922, signed by Britain's acting Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour, was sent to Britain's debtors: France, Italy, Yugoslavia, Romania, Portugal and Greece. Balfour claimed that the British government had reluctantly decided that the loans that those countries had received from HM Treasury should be paid back and that reparations from Germany should be collected due to the need for Britain to pay its creditor, the United States.

Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)
The secretary of state for foreign, commonwealth and development affairs, commonly known as the foreign secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. The role is one of the most senior ministers in the UK Government and is a Great Office of State. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom and National Security Council, and reports directly to the prime minister.

The officeholder works alongside the other Foreign Office ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow foreign secretary. The Foreign Affairs Select Committee also evaluates the secretary of state's performance.

The current foreign secretary is Yvette Cooper. She was appointed by Prime Minister Keir Starmer on 5 September 2025.
King's School, Worcester
The King's School, Worcester is a private co-educational day school refounded by Henry VIII in 1541. It occupies a site adjacent to  Worcester Cathedral on the banks of the River Severn in the centre of the city of Worcester. It offers mixed-sex mainstream education that follows the UK National Curriculum to around 1,465 pupils aged 2 to 18. At age 11, approximately two thirds of pupils join the senior school from its two prep schools, King's Hawford and King's St Albans, while others come from maintained schools in the city of Worcester and the surrounding areas that include Malvern, Redditch, Kidderminster, Evesham and Pershore.

Kidderminster
Kidderminster is a market town and civil parish in Worcestershire, England, 18 miles (29 km) south-west of Birmingham and 15 miles (24 km) north of Worcester. Located north of the River Stour and east of the River Severn, in the 2021 census, it had a population of 57,400. The town is twinned with Husum, Germany.

Situated in the far north of Worcestershire (and with its northern suburbs only 3 and 4 miles from the Staffordshire and Shropshire borders respectively), the town is the main administration centre for the wider Wyre Forest District, which includes the towns of Stourport-on-Severn and Bewdley, along with other outlying settlements.
Langer vote
A Langer vote was a style of voting in the Australian electoral system designed to avoid the requirement to express preferences for all candidates without the vote being rejected as informal. The title is a tribute to Albert Langer, an Australian political activist, who advocated for the use of this style as a de facto method of optional preferential voting for making a valid vote for the voter's preferred candidates while the deliberate "error" avoided the vote being counted for one of the major political parties.

Voters were advised to mark 1, 2, . .n,  for favoured candidates, but to mark a repetition of the next digit against each of the remaining candidates. For example, a vote would be marked 1, 2, 3, 3, 3. The votes for the first and second candidates would be counted but the remaining candidates would then not receive preferences. From 1983 this was a valid vote, however since 1998 the Electoral Act requires that there be no repeated numbers.

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
Majura Parkway
Majura Parkway is a 11.5-kilometre-long (7.1 mi) north–south parkway located in the Majura district of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). It links the interchange with Federal Highway and Horse Park Drive at the edge of Gungahlin district to Monaro Highway in Fyshwick.

The parkway had been in planning since the 1970s and is considered an important access road to and from the Gungahlin district. The parkway provides a more efficient transport link in the area and conveys a large numbers of freight vehicles. The project was jointly funded by the ACT and Australian Governments, at a total cost of A$288 million.

Parkway
A parkway is a landscaped thoroughfare. The term is particularly used for a roadway in a park or connecting to a park from which trucks and other heavy vehicles are excluded.

Over the years, many different types of roads have been labeled parkways. The term may be used to describe city streets as narrow as two lanes with a landscaped median, wide landscaped setbacks, or both.

The term has also been applied to scenic highways and to limited-access roads more generally. Many parkways originally intended for scenic, recreational driving have evolved into major urban and commuter routes.
Calantica grandiflora
Calantica grandiflora, colloquially known as Hazou-Ambou, is a species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae.

The plant is endemic to the east coast of Madagascar, specifically within the provinces of Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, and Toamasina. It grows in remnants of littoral forest or rarely subcoastal forest, usually on sand near sea level, but its upper elevation limit is 1,023 m (3,356 ft). It can also be found rarely in humid forests.

Calantica grandiflora is used in construction or fencing.

Fianarantsoa Province
Fianarantsoa Province is a former province of Madagascar. It has an area of 103,272 km2 and population of 3,366,291 (July 2001 estimate). Its capital was Fianarantsoa. The province along with the 5 other was abolished in 2007 in favour of creation of smaller regions to facilitate administration.

Apart from the capital the major towns were Andohapatsakana, Alakamisy, Fianarantsoa and Fanjakana. The province was home to four major national parks: Ranomafana National Park, Midongy Du Sud, Isalo National Park, and Andringitra. It was frequently referred by its abbreviated form of "Fianar". Fianarantsoa means "Good education".
No. 318 Polish Fighter-Reconnaissance Squadron
No. 318 "City of Gdańsk" Polish Fighter-Reconnaissance Squadron (Polish: 318 Dywizjon Myśliwsko-Rozpoznawczy Gdański") was a Polish tactical reconnaissance aircraft squadron formed in Great Britain as part of an agreement between the Polish Government in Exile and the United Kingdom in 1940. It was one of 15 squadrons of the Polish Air Force in exile that served alongside the Royal Air Force (RAF) in World War II.

Aerial reconnaissance
Aerial reconnaissance is reconnaissance for a military or strategic purpose that is conducted using reconnaissance aircraft. The role of reconnaissance can fulfil a variety of requirements including artillery spotting, the collection of imagery intelligence, and the observation of enemy maneuvers.
Sutay
Sutay or Sutai (Mongolian: ᠰᠤᠲᠠᠶ, Persian: سوتای) (died 1332) was a Mongol emir and governor of Diyar Bakr. He was appointed by Öljaitü as viceroy. His descendants held Diyar Bakr in their hands following the dissolution of the Ilkhanate and made it hereditary.

Ahlat
Ahlat (Kurdish: Xelat; Armenian: Խլաթ, romanized: Khlat) is a town in Turkey's Bitlis Province in Eastern Anatolia region. It is the seat of Ahlat District. The town had a population of 27,563 in 2021.

The town of Ahlat is situated on the northwestern shore of Lake Van. The mayor is Abdulalim Mümtaz Çoban (AKP).
Picture of Health
Picture of Health is the debut album by Canadian rock band Headstones. The music video for the track "Cemetery" is featured on the Canadian DVD release of the movie Hard Core Logo, as well as on the Canadian VHS release of Dance Me Outside, both of which star lead vocalist Hugh Dillon in acting roles. On October 26, 2018, Headstones released a remastered reissue of the album to celebrate its 25th anniversary. The band promoted the reissue of the album with a tour in which they performed Picture of Health in its entirety.

Dance Me Outside
Dance Me Outside is a 1994 Canadian drama film, directed by Bruce McDonald. It was based on the book Dance Me Outside by W.P. Kinsella.

The film premiered at the 1994 Toronto International Film Festival, before going into commercial release in 1995.
Tin Cup Oil Field
Tin Cup Oil Field is located in San Juan County,  approximately 21 miles (34 km) southeast of Blanding, Utah.  Production is from a northwest–southeast trending 120-foot-thick (37 m) carbonate buildup in the Pennsylvanian Upper Ismay.  The field is part of the Paradox Basin that extends from the states of Colorado to Utah and New Mexico.

The petroleum reservoir is a carbonate phylloid algal lime wackestone to packstone.  The fields are mostly algal mounds, with thick sections saturated with oil.  Tin Cup Field is approximately 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long and approximately 2,300 feet (700 m) wide, trending northwest–southeast.

Packstone
Under the Dunham classification (Dunham, 1962) system of limestones, a packstone is defined as a grain-supported carbonate rock that contains 1% or more mud-grade fraction. This definition has been clarified by Lokier and Al Junaibi (2016) as a carbonate-dominated lithology containing carbonate mud (<63 μm) in a fabric supported by a sand grade (63 μm to 2 mm) grain-size fraction and where less than 10% of the volume consists of grains >2 mm.
Test tube brush
A test tube brush or spout  brush is a brush used for cleaning test tubes and narrow mouth laboratory glassware, such as graduated cylinders, burettes, and Erlenmeyer flasks. It is composed of nylon, synthetic, or animal fur bristles of various diameters lined against a rather sturdy wire handle with a looped end for hanging. The wire can be made from a wide range of metals, such as aluminium, bronze, beryllium, copper, and brass. FDA grade brushes are designed to be resistant to acid and other corrosive chemicals, including aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, ethyl acetate esters, and trichloroethylene.

Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetate (commonly abbreviated EtOAc, ETAC or EA) is the organic compound with the formula CH3CO2CH2CH3, simplified to C4H8O2. This flammable, colorless liquid has a characteristic sweet smell (similar to pear drops) and is used in glues, nail polish removers, and the decaffeination process of tea and coffee. Ethyl acetate is the ester of ethanol and acetic acid; it is manufactured on a large scale for use as a solvent.
Shirburn Hill
Shirburn Hill is a 63.7-hectare (157-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest just outside and to the northeast of Watlington, Oxfordshire.

The hill has chalk grassland, chalk heath, scrub and broadleaved woodland. Most grasslands in the Chilterns are maintained by stock, and the site is unusual in being cropped only by rabbits. Less closely grazed areas have taller grass with species such as false oat-grass, tor-grass and red fescue. There are large areas of  hawthorn and buckthorn scrub.

Crataegus monogyna
Crataegus monogyna, known as common hawthorn, whitethorn, one-seed hawthorn, or single-seeded hawthorn, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It grows to about 10 metres (33 feet) tall, producing hermaphrodite flowers in late spring. The berry-like pomes (known as haws) contain a stone-encased seed.

The plant is native to Europe, but has been introduced in many other parts of the world. The pome flesh is of little culinary interest due to its dryness, but is used to make jellies. The young leaves and petals are also edible.
Þórólfur Árnason
Þórólfur Árnason is an Icelandic businessman and politician, who served as Mayor of Reykjavík from 1 February 2003 to 30 November 2004. He replaced Ingibjörg Sólrún Gísladóttir after the Left Greens and the Progressive Party had demanded that she resign. His appointment as mayor was a compromise between the three parties that formed the majority of the city council. Having never been involved in politics before, but a well-known executive for some of Iceland's largest companies, Þórólfur was considered a "mayor-for-hire" by the council – a manager of day-to-day city affairs rather than a political leader or policymaker.

He resigned on 30 November 2004 after a controversy regarding Icelandic oil companies' breach of competition law, as he had formerly held a managerial position in one of the companies.

After Þórólfur's time as mayor, he became chief executive of Icelandic Group in May 2005.

Reykjavík City Council
The Reykjavík City Council (Icelandic: Borgarstjórn Reykjavíkur) is the local council for Reykjavík, the capital and largest city of Iceland. It is composed of 23 members elected by proportional representation for a 4-year term

The Council appoints a mayor and committees under its authority responsible for the daily operations of the city government. Meetings of the City Council take place on the first and third Tuesday of each month.
Human Performance Center
The Human Performance Center is a 1,760-seat multi-purpose arena on the campus of the University of New Orleans in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is the home venue for the New Orleans Privateers volleyball team. The arena became the permanent home of the volleyball team in 2012 following years of alternating between the Performance Center and Lakefront Arena.

Since 2008, the Human Performance Center has been the home venue of the Big Easy Rollergirls, New Orleans' WFTDA flat track roller derby league.

Women's Flat Track Derby Association
The Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) is the international governing body for the sport of women's flat track roller derby. It sets the international standards for rankings, rules, and competition in the sport, and provides guidance and resources to aid development of roller derby.

The organization was founded in April 2004 as the United Leagues Coalition (ULC), but was renamed in November 2005. It is registered in Raleigh, North Carolina as a 501(c)(6) Business League organization, a type of nonprofit organization.
Marine and Aviation Insurance (War Risks) Act 1952
The Marine and Aviation Insurance (War Risks) Act 1952 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The Act allows the Secretary of State for Transport to insure and re-insure aircraft and cargoes against war risks and in certain circumstances other risks, using a Department for Transport fund. This enables the Government of the United Kingdom to provide war risk insurance cover in emergency circumstances, which might not otherwise be available except at prohibitive premium rates. This, in turn, ensures that should hostilities occur, or even on the threat of hostilities, ships and aeroplanes will not be held up, or the trade of the country interfered with, due to lack of insurance.

Department for Transport
The Department for Transport (DfT) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is wholly responsible for overseeing the transport network in England, and for limited transport matters that are not devolved to the governments of Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. The department develops national transport policy, coordinates infrastructure investment, and regulates transport services. It is headed by the Secretary of State for Transport, who is supported by a ministerial team and the Permanent Secretary as the department’s most senior civil servant.

The department’s expenditure, administration and policy are scrutinised by the Transport Select Committee.
Anne Swärd
Anne Lotta Swärd (born 16 February 1969) is a Swedish writer. She made her debut as a novelist in 2003 with Polarsommar (Arctic Summer), which earned her an August Prize nomination on the grounds that "A mighty chorus of voices portray a family in crisis. The individual cast joints piece after piece to a powerful story about how betrayal and repeated confrontations erode the strongest relationships. Surprising shifts in perspective and a language that is characterized by sharp details, gives the story important nuances and psychological depth."

August Prize
The August Prize (Swedish: Augustpriset) is an annual Swedish literary prize awarded each year since 1989 by the Swedish Publishers' Association. It is awarded to the best Swedish book of the year in each of three categories. The Swedish Publishers' Association also awards the Young August Prize (Lilla Augustpriset) to youth and young adults (age 20 or younger).
Chris Campanaro
Chris "Cecil" Campanaro  is an American musician, songwriter, bassist, best known for his work with Grammy Award-nominated record "American River" featuring Johnny Cash, Kris Kristofferson, Stephen Perkins (Jane's Addiction), along with several others. He is the bassist for several acts including TAXI, Terraplane Sun, The Matt Ellis Band, SOCCERMOM, Musket and has currently been playing with LP (singer).

Stephen Perkins
Stephen Andrew Perkins (born September 13, 1967) is an American musician and songwriter. A drummer and percussionist, he has played with Jane's Addiction, Porno for Pyros, Banyan and Hellride. His style blends rock, jazz, swing, African, Indian and Latin drumming styles together.
The Hunting Wives
The Hunting Wives is an American drama television series based on the novel of the same name by May Cobb. It stars Brittany Snow, Malin Akerman, Evan Jonigkeit, Katie Lowes, George Ferrier, Dermot Mulroney, Jaime Ray Newman, and Chrissy Metz. The series premiered on Netflix on July 21, 2025, in the USA and on other streaming services elsewhere. In September 2025, the series was renewed for a second season which is set to premiere in 2026.

Cam Gigandet
Cameron Joslin Gigandet (/ˈkæm ʒɪˈɡɑːndeɪ/; born August 16, 1982) is an American actor whose credits include a recurring role on The O.C. and appearances in feature films Twilight, Pandorum, Never Back Down, Burlesque, Easy A, Priest, and The Magnificent Seven. He also starred in the CBS legal drama series Reckless. From 2016 to 2018, Gigandet starred in the Audience Network drama series Ice.
Rosedale Apartments
Rosedale Apartments are a historic apartment house at 1180 Narragansett Boulevard in Cranston, Rhode Island.  This U-shaped apartment block stands overlooking Narragansett Bay, with three stories facing the street and four toward the bay.  The Art Moderne structure was designed by Herbert R. Hunt and built in 1939–40.  It is a rare statewide example of a large-scale building in this style, and was one of only a few built in Cranston before the Second World War.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Narragansett Bay
Narragansett Bay is a bay and estuary on the north side of Rhode Island Sound covering 147 square miles (380 km2), 120.5 square miles (312 km2) of which is in Rhode Island. The bay forms New England's largest estuary, which functions as an expansive natural harbor and includes a small archipelago. Small parts of the bay extend into Massachusetts.

There are more than 30 islands in the bay; the three largest ones are Aquidneck Island, Conanicut Island, and Prudence Island. Bodies of water that are part of Narragansett Bay include the Sakonnet River, Mount Hope Bay, and the southern, tidal part of the Taunton River. The bay opens on Rhode Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean; Block Island lies less than 20 miles (32 km) southwest of its opening.
B-cell activating factor
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B and CD257 among other names, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF13B gene. BAFF is also known as B Lymphocyte Stimulator (BLyS) and TNF- and APOL-related leukocyte expressed ligand (TALL-1) and the Dendritic cell-derived TNF-like molecule (CD257 antigen; cluster of differentiation 257).

Cluster of differentiation
The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or classification determinant and often abbreviated as CD) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules providing targets for immunophenotyping of cells. In terms of physiology, CD molecules can act in numerous ways, often acting as receptors or ligands important to the cell. A signal cascade is usually initiated, altering the behavior of the cell (see cell signaling). Some CD proteins do not play a role in cell signaling, but have other functions, such as cell adhesion. CD for humans is numbered up to 371 (as of 21 April 2016).
Reno, Minnesota
Reno is an unincorporated community in Crooked Creek Township, Houston County, Minnesota

The community is located between La Crescent, Minnesota and New Albin, Iowa on State Highway 26 (MN 26). Reno is located near the junction of Highway 26 and Houston County Road 249.

Clear Creek and Crooked Creek both flow through the community, with the Mississippi River located nearby.

Nearby places include Brownsville, Caledonia, and Eitzen. Reno had a post office from 1880 to 1935. The community was named for Jesse L. Reno, a Union officer killed in the American Civil War during the Battle of South Mountain.

Jesse L. Reno
Jesse Lee Reno (April 20, 1823 – September 14, 1862) was a career United States Army officer who served in the Mexican–American War, in the Utah War, on the western frontier and as a Union General during the American Civil War from West Virginia. Known as a "soldier's soldier" who fought alongside his men, he was killed while commanding a corps at Fox's Gap during the Battle of South Mountain. Reno, Nevada; Reno County, Kansas; Reno, Ohio; El Reno, Oklahoma; Reno, Pennsylvania; Fort Reno in Oklahoma; and Fort Reno Park in Washington, D.C. were named after him.
Jakub Novák (Czech cyclist)
Jakub Novák (born 30 December 1990 in Pardubice) is a performance cycling coach and retired Czech professional cyclist.

As a professional cyclist, Novák rode as a stagiaire for UCI WorldTeam BMC Racing Team in 2013. he participated five times in the UCI Road World Championships and became a three-time national under-23 champion.

As a performance coach, he led Alex Bogna to win Zwift Academy in 2021, getting him a contract with the Pro Team Alpecin–Deceuninck and with Alicia Dana winning a bronze medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics Games in Tokyo.

Alpecin–Premier Tech
Alpecin– Premier Tech (UCI team code: APT) is a UCI WorldTeam cycling team that is based in Belgium. It competes both in the road and cyclo-cross seasons. The leaders of the team have in the past been cyclo-cross world champion Niels Albert, Philipp Walsleben and Radomír Šimůnek. The team's current lead rider is the cyclocross and road world champion and multiple monuments winner Mathieu van der Poel.
Bannerman's sunbird
Bannerman's sunbird (Cyanomitra bannermani) is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae.
It is found in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia.

Its scientific and common names honor the ornithologist David Armitage Bannerman.

David Armitage Bannerman
David Armitage Bannerman (27 November 1886 – 6 April 1979) was a British ornithologist. From 1919 to 1952 he was Curator of the British Museum of Natural History (now called the Natural History Museum, London).