hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Irene Pepperberg
Irene Maxine Pepperberg (born April 1, 1949) is an American scientist noted for her studies in animal cognition, particularly in relation to parrots. She has been a professor, researcher and lecturer at multiple universities, and she is currently an Adjunct Research Professor at Boston University. Pepperberg also serves on the Advisory Council of METI International (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence). She is well known for her comparative studies into the cognitive fundamentals of language and communication, and she was one of the first to work on language learning in animals other than primate species (exemplified by the Washoe project), by extension to a bird species. Pepperberg is also active in wildlife conservation, especially in relation to parrots.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
The Ninth Guest
The Ninth Guest, sometimes abbreviated as The 9th Guest, is a 1934 American pre-Code horror mystery film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Donald Cook and Genevieve Tobin.

The film is an adaptation of the 1930 Broadway play The Ninth Guest by Owen Davis, which in turn is based on the 1930 novel, The Invisible Host, by Bruce Manning and Gwen Bristow. The book, play and film all predate Agatha Christie's extremely successful 1939 novel And Then There Were None, which has a similar plot.

Donald Cook (actor)
Donald Cook (September 26, 1901 – October 1, 1961) was an American stage and film actor who had a prolific career in pre-Code Hollywood films and on Broadway. Cook is perhaps best known for his film roles in The Public Enemy (1931), Safe in Hell (1931), Baby Face (1933), and Viva Villa! (1934), as well as for his stage role as David Naughton in Claudia, which ran for a total of 722 performances on Broadway between 1941 and 1943. He was the first actor to play Ellery Queen.
Bazaria turensis
Bazaria turensis is a species of snout moth in the genus Bazaria. It was described by Ragonot, in 1887.  It is found in Kazakhstan, Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, Iran, Armenia, Russia and central China, Asia.

The wingspan is about 17 mm.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Nitraria roborowskii. They roll the leaves of their host plant.

Émile Louis Ragonot
Émile Louis Ragonot (12 October 1843 – 13 October 1895) was a French entomologist.  In 1885, he became president of the Société entomologique de France.

He named 301 new genera of butterflies and moths, mostly pyralid moths.

He is also the author of several books:

Diagnoses of North American Phycitidae and Galleriidae (1887) published in Paris

(in French) Nouveaux genres et espèces de Phycitidae & Galleriidae (1888)

(in French) Essai sur une classification des Pyralites (1891-1892)

(in French) Monographie des Phycitinae et des Galleriinae. pp. 1–602 In N.M. Romanoff. Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères. Tome VIII. N.M. Romanoff, Saint-Petersbourg. xli + 602 pp. (1901)

Ragonot's collection can be found in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France.
Almost simple group
In mathematics, a group is said to be almost simple if it contains a non-abelian simple group and is contained within the automorphism group of that simple group – that is, if it fits between a (non-abelian) simple group and its automorphism group. In symbols, a group  is almost simple if there is a (non-abelian) simple group S such that , where the inclusion of  in  is the action by conjugation, which is faithful since  has a trivial center.

Center (group theory)
In abstract algebra, the center of a group G is the set of elements that commute with every element of G. It is denoted Z(G), from German Zentrum, meaning center. In set-builder notation,

Z(G) = {z ∈ G | ∀g ∈ G, zg = gz}.

The center is a normal subgroup, , and also a characteristic subgroup, but is not necessarily fully characteristic. The quotient group, G / Z(G), is isomorphic to the inner automorphism group, Inn(G).

A group G is abelian if and only if Z(G) = G. At the other extreme, a group is said to be centerless if Z(G) is trivial; i.e., consists only of the identity element.

The elements of the center are central elements.
Chris Hurley (footballer)
Christopher Joseph Hurley (born 20 November 1943) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a defender for Millwall. He joined Millwall from Rainham Town, and thereafter spent five seasons at Southern League club Dover. He joined another Southern League team, Wimbledon, in November 1971, and then played for Ashford Town (Kent).

Ashford United F.C.
Ashford United F.C. are an English football club based in Ashford, Kent. The 'new' United was formed in 2011, resurrecting the name used by the town's football club between 1891 and 1907. Following the demise of the original Ashford United club in 1907 and through to 1928 Ashford was represented by Ashford Railway Works FC and after that between 1930 and 2010 by Ashford Town F.C. The current club is effectively a 'phoenix club' having risen from the ashes of the financial ruin of its predecessor. Although not a supporter owned club, like most non-league clubs, it relies on contributions of volunteers and supporters.

Ashford United are currently members of the Isthmian League South East Division following their record-breaking promotion from the Southern Counties East Football League in the 2016–17 season. They are one of very few semi-professional teams in England to have a synthetic 3G pitch, which is located at their home stadium 'The Green Box Stadium' formerly known as Homelands.
Hovey Lake Fish and Wildlife Area
Hovey Lake Fish and Wildlife Area is a nearly 7,000-acre (28 km2) recreational area operated by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources near Mount Vernon, Indiana.

The land comprising Hovey Lake FWA was originally ceded to the Indiana Territory by the Treaty of Vincennes in 1804, and then granted to the Wabash and Erie Canal Company.  With the failure of the canal, the land was acquired by Charles Hovey.

Indiana Department of Natural Resources
The Indiana Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is the agency of the U.S. state of Indiana. There are many divisions within the DNR and each has a specific role. The DNR is not only responsible for maintaining resource areas but also manages Indiana's fish and wildlife, reclaims coal mine ground, manages forested areas, aids in the management of wildlife on private lands, enforces Indiana's conservation laws, and many other duties not named here. According to the department's website, their mission is "to protect, enhance, preserve, and wisely use natural, cultural, and recreational resources for the benefit of Indiana's citizens through professional leadership, management, and education".
Peryn Skete
Peryn skete (Russian: Перы́нский скит, Perynskiy skit), Peryn skete of the Nativity of the Theotokos (Russian: Перы́нский Рождества́ богоро́дицы скит, Perynskiy Rozhdestva bogoroditsy skit) is a skete near Novgorod, Russia. It was built on the site of a former alleged place of worship of Slavic god Perun. The first mention of the monastery dates back to 1386. Over time, it was repeatedly destroyed and closed. It was reactivated in 1991.

The skete is included in the list of Russian cultural heritage register and the UNESCO's Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings.

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
Adam Kunkel
Adam Charles Kunkel (born February 24, 1981) is a male hurdler from Canada, who twice represented his native country at the Pan American Games: 2003 and 2007. He set his personal best (48.24) in the men's 400 m hurdles event on July 27, 2007 in Rio de Janeiro.

He was seventh at the 2003 Pan American Games and competed in the heats at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics. He took the 400 m hurdles gold at the 2007 Pan American Games and reached the final at the 2007 World Championships, although he failed to finish in the final.

2003 Pan American Games
The 2003 Pan American Games, officially the XIV Pan American Games (Spanish: XIV Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Santo Domingo 2003, were held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, from August 1 to 17, 2003.  The successful bid for the Games was made in the mid-1990s, when Dominican Republic had one of the highest growth rates in Latin America.

All 42 PASO countries and over 5,223 athletes pre-registered for participation in the XIV Pan American Games. An additional 2,425 trainers and delegates attended. The United States pre-registered the most athletes (713) and Saint Lucia entered the least (6).  The host country entered 562 athletes.
Thomas C. Grey
Thomas C. Grey is the Nelson Bowman Sweitzer and Marie B. Sweitzer Professor of Law, Emeritus, at Stanford Law School. As a legal theorist and a historian of modern American legal thought, Grey has written widely on pragmatism, legal formalism, legal realism, and the jurisprudence of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.

Pragmatism
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing, or mirroring reality. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics—such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and science—are best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes.

Pragmatism began in the United States in the 1870s. Its origins are often attributed to philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. In 1878, Peirce described it in his pragmatic maxim: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."
Nasser Al-Sane
Nasser Jassim Abdullah Khalifa Al-Sane (Arabic: ناصر جاسم عبد الله خليفة الصانع) is a former member of the Kuwaiti National Assembly representing the third district. Born in 1955, Al-Sane obtained a PhD in Business Administration before being elected to the National Assembly in 1992. While political parties are illegal in Kuwait, Al-Sane affiliates with the Islamist Hadas party.

Kuwait's Third Constituency
The third constituency of Kuwait is a legislative constituency in Kuwait. Like the other four constituencies in Kuwait, it elects exactly 10 members to the National Assembly via plurality vote. As of 2022, it currently represents fifteen residential areas and has an electorate of 138,364. The Hawalli and Capital governates are divided between the first, second and third constituencies.
Maria d'Aragona
Maria d'Aragona (1503–1568; born in d'Avalos Castello in Ischia) was the daughter of Duke Ferdinando di Montalto and Catalina Cardona and the granddaughter of King Ferdinand I of Naples, also called King Ferrante. As a child, Maria d’Aragona grew up in a castle with the poet Vittoria Colonna, who had married d'Avalo's nephew. It was here that Maria met Sannazaro, Tansillo, and Bernardo Tasso who would entertain her in later life at her own salons in Naples, Milan, and Pavia.

Vittoria Colonna
Vittoria Colonna (April 1492 – 25 February 1547), Marchioness of Pescara, was an Italian noblewoman and poet. As an educated and married noblewoman whose husband was in captivity, Colonna was able to develop relationships within the intellectual circles of Ischia and Naples. Her early poetry began to attract attention in the late 1510s and she ultimately became one of the most popular poets of 16th-century Italy.  Upon the early death of her husband, she took refuge at a convent in Rome. She remained a laywoman but experienced a strong spiritual renewal and remained devoutly religious for the rest of her life.
Parioglossus marginalis
Parioglossus marginalis, also known as the blackmargin dartfish, is a species of dartfish native to the brackish waters of the coast of New South Wales, Australia and around the northern part of the North Island and Great Barrier Island in New Zealand, This may be an introduced species in New Zealand, being brought from Australia in ship's ballast water. The species can reach a length of 3.3 centimetres (1.3 in) SL. It is thought by some workers that Parioglossus neoclaedonicus from New Caledonia may be a synonym of P. marginalis and that the Caroline Islands species Parioglossus verticalis, which is known form just a single specimen, may also be synonymous with this species. To resolve these taxonomic uncertainties molecular studies will be required.

Great Barrier Island
Great Barrier Island (Māori: Aotea) lies in the outer Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, 100 kilometres (62 mi) north-east of central Auckland. With an area of 285 square kilometres (110 sq mi) it is the sixth-largest island of New Zealand. Its highest point, Mount Hobson, is 627 metres (2,057 ft) above sea level. The local authority is the Auckland Council.

The island was initially exploited for its minerals and kauri trees and saw only limited agriculture. In 2013, it was inhabited by 939 people, mostly living from farming and tourism and all living off-the-grid. The majority of the island (around 60% of the total area) is administered as a nature reserve by the Department of Conservation. The island atmosphere is sometimes described as being "life in New Zealand many decades back".
Roy Thompson Jr.
Roy Thompson Jr. (born c. 1984) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Arkansas Tech University, a position he has held since 2025. He also coached for Highland (KS), Belhaven, Ouachita Baptist, and Mendocino. He played college football for Belhaven as a defensive lineman.

Ouachita Baptist Tigers football
The Ouachita Baptist Tigers football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Ouachita Baptist University located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. The team competes in NCAA Division II and are members of the Great American Conference. Ouachita Baptist's first football team was fielded in 1896. The team plays home games at Benson-Williams Field at Cliff Harris Stadium in Arkadelphia, Arkansas. Todd Knight has served as head coach for the Tigers since 1999.
Basic4android
Basic4Android (currently known as B4A) is a rapid application development tool for native Android applications, developed and marketed by Anywhere Software Ltd.

B4A is an alternative to programming with Java. The language itself is similar to Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET though it is adapted to the native Android environment.
B4A is an object-based and event-driven language.

B4A includes a visual designer that simplifies the process of building user interfaces that target phones and tablets with different screen sizes. Compiled programs can be tested in AVD Manager emulators or on real Android devices using Android Debug Bridge and B4A Bridge.

B4A generates standard signed Android applications which can be uploaded to app stores like Google Play, Samsung Apps and Amazon Appstore. There are no special dependencies or runtime frameworks required.

Since February 2020, the full version is 100% free (donationware).

Android Debug Bridge
The Android Debug Bridge (commonly abbreviated as adb) is a programming tool used for the debugging of Android-based devices. The daemon on the Android device connects with the server on the host PC over USB or TCP, which connects to the client that is used by the end-user over TCP. Made available as open-source software under the Apache License by Google since 2007, its features include a shell and the possibility to make backups. The adb software is available for Windows, Linux and macOS. It has been misused by botnets and other malware, for which mitigations were developed such as RSA authentication and device whitelisting.
Henry Neville (cricketer)
The Hon. Henry Aldworth Neville (26 October 1824 – 5 November 1854) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer.

The son of Richard Griffin, 3rd Baron Braybrooke, he was born in 26 October 1824 at Waltham St Lawrence, Berkshire. He was educated at Eton College. After finishing his education at Eton, he proceeded to purchased the ranks of ensign and lieutenant in the Grenadier Guards in September 1842. Neville played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1844, making a single appearance against Oxford University at Lord's. He batted twice in the match, being run out for 0 in the MCC first innings, while in their second innings he was dismissed for 5 runs by Gerald Yonge. He later purchased the rank of lieutenant and captain in October 1846. Neville served in the Crimean War, during which he was killed in action at the Battle of Inkerman on 5 November 1854. His elder brother, Richard, succeeded their father as the 4th Baron Braybrooke in 1858.

Run out
Run out is a method of dismissal in cricket, in which the fielding team put down the wicket of a batter who is outside their ground, usually because they are trying to score a run.

Run out is governed by Law 38 of the laws of cricket. If the batter is judged run out, the run does not count and the bowler does not get credit for the wicket.

A run out can also be effected when the batters are not attempting a run if one of them leaves the crease when the ball is not dead. Some such dismissals cause controversy because they challenge long-established — but not universal — conventions about the spirit of the game.
HMAS Orara
HMAS Orara was a coastal passenger and cargo steamship that was built in Scotland in 1907 and sunk by a mine in China in 1950. She spent most of her career in the fleet of the North Coast Steam Navigation Company (NCSNC) of New South Wales. In the Second World War she was an auxiliary minesweeper and depot ship in the Royal Australian Navy.

This was the second NCSNC ship to be called Orara. The first was a wooden-hulled cargo steamship that was built in 1898 and wrecked in 1899.

Depot ship
A depot ship is an auxiliary ship used as a mobile or fixed base for submarines, destroyers, minesweepers, fast attack craft, landing craft, or other small ships with similarly limited space for maintenance equipment and crew dining, berthing and relaxation. Depot ships may be identified as tenders in American English. Depot ships may be specifically designed for their purpose or be converted from another purpose.
Bob Leatherbarrow
Bob Leatherbarrow (born 3 May 1955) is a jazz drummer and vibraphonist who lives and works in Los Angeles.

Leatherbarrow was born in Buffalo, New York. During his career, Leatherbarrow has played with Rosemary Clooney, Natalie Cole, Peggy Lee, and Ernie Watts, His debut album as leader, Bumpin' in the Basement, was released in 1999.

Rosemary Clooney
Rosemary Clooney (May 23, 1928 – June 29, 2002) was an American singer and actress. She came to prominence in the early 1950s with the song "Come On-a My House", which was followed by other pop numbers such as "Botch-a-Me", "Mambo Italiano", "Tenderly", "Half as Much", "Hey There", "This Ole House", and "Sway". She also had success as a jazz vocalist.

Clooney's career languished in the 1960s, partly because of problems related to bipolar disorder and drug addiction, but revived in 1977, when her White Christmas co-star Bing Crosby asked her to appear with him at a show marking his 50th anniversary in show business. Clooney continued recording until her death in 2002. In her personal life, she was the mother of actor Miguel Ferrer and the aunt of actor George Clooney.
Etlingera brachychila
Etlingera brachychila is a monocotyledonous plant species first described by Henry Nicholas Ridley, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera brachychila belongs to the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae.

Henry Nicholas Ridley
Henry Nicholas Ridley CMG (1911), MA (Oxon), FRS, FLS, F.R.H.S. (10 December 1855 – 24 October 1956) was an English botanist, geologist and naturalist who lived much of his life in Singapore. As Director of the Botanic Gardens in Singapore, he was instrumental in promoting the commercial exploitation of rubber trees in the Malay Peninsula, after devising a method of tapping rubber trees without damaging the bark or destroying the trees. As a result of his ardent attempts to persuade Malayan coffee planters to grow rubber, he became known as ‘Mad’ Ridley.
Chung Hyeon
Chung Hyeon (Korean: 정현; Hanja: 鄭泫; Korean pronunciation: [tɕəːŋ çʌn]; born 19 May 1996) is a South Korean professional tennis player. He is the 2017 Next Gen ATP Finals champion. As an unseeded player, he became the first Korean player to reach a Grand Slam semifinal at the  2018 Australian Open.

Marin Čilić
Marin Čilić (Croatian pronunciation: [mâriːn tʃǐːlitɕ]; born 28 September 1988) is a Croatian professional tennis player. He has been ranked as high as world No. 3 in men's singles by the ATP, achieved in January 2018. Čilić has won 21 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including the 2014 US Open. He was also finalist at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and the 2018 Australian Open.

Playing for his country, Čilić was pivotal in the Croatian team's victory at the 2018 Davis Cup, and won an Olympic silver medal in men's doubles at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics partnering Ivan Dodig. Alongside Goran Ivanišević and Iva Majoli, he is widely considered to be one of the greatest Croatian tennis players in history.

Čilić has reached the semifinal stage or better at all four Majors, one of only four active players to do so, and the quarterfinal stage or better at all nine Masters tournaments. He is one of only six active players with 20 or more titles.
Big Sandy Expedition
The Big Sandy Expedition was an early campaign of the American Civil War in Kentucky that began in mid-September 1861 when Union Brig. Gen. William "Bull" Nelson received orders to organize a new brigade at Maysville, Kentucky and conduct an expedition into the Big Sandy Valley region of Eastern Kentucky and stop the build-up of Confederate forces under Col. John S. Williams. This was done in three phases. From September 21 to October 20, 1861, Nelson assembled a brigade of 5,500 Union volunteers from Ohio and Kentucky. On October 23, the southern prong secured Hazel Green and the northern prong West Liberty. The two prongs were consolidated at Salyersville (Licking Station) and they began the final phase on October 31. This led to the Battle of Ivy Mountain on November 8 and the withdrawal of Confederate forces from Pikeville (Piketon) on November 9, 1861.

Salyersville, Kentucky
Salyersville (/ˈsæljərzvəl/) is a home rule-class city on the Licking River in Magoffin County, Kentucky, United States. It is the county seat. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,591, down from 1,883 in 2010.