hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Madhya Pradesh
The history of Madhya Pradesh can be divided into three periods - the ancient period, the medieval period and  modern period.

During the ancient period, the region was dominated by the Nanda Empire, the Maurya Empire, and the Gupta Empire.

The medieval period saw the rise of Rajput clans including the Paramara and Chandela Tomar clans, the latter is known for constructing the temples of Khajuraho. By the 14th century, the Malwa Sultanate ruled the region.

The modern period in Madhya Pradesh saw the rise of the Mughal Empire, Maratha Empire, and British Empire. The princely states of Gwalior, Indore, and Bhopal, became a part of modern Madhya Pradesh. India gained independence in 1947 from the British, and British influences ceased then. The state of Madhya Pradesh was formed in 1956, and Chhattisgarh was carved out from the state in 2000.

Indore State
Indore State was a kingdom within the Maratha Empire ruled by the Maratha Holkar dynasty. After 1857, Indore became a 19-gun salute princely state within the Central India Agency of the Indian Empire under British protection.

Indore State was located in the present-day Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, with its capital at the city of Indore. The state had an area of 24,605 km2 and a population of 1,325,089 in 1931. Other important towns besides Indore were Rampura, Khargone, Maheshwar, Mehidpur, Barwaha, and Bhanpura; there were a total of 3,368 villages.
Saint-Isidore, Chaudière-Appalaches
Saint-Isidore (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿izidɔʁ]) is a municipality in La Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. Its population was 3,286 as of the Canada 2021 Census. Founded in 1855, it is named after Isidore of Seville.

Chaudière-Appalaches
Chaudière-Appalaches (French: [ʃodjɛʁ apalaʃ], Quebec French: [ʃoˈd͡zjaɛ̯ʁ apaˈlaʃ]) is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada. It comprises most of what is historically known as the "Beauce" (French: La Beauce; compare with the electoral district of Beauce). It is named for the Chaudière River and the Appalachian Mountains. Chaudière-Appalaches has over 50% of sugar maples in Quebec, thus producing the most maple syrup in Canada as well as the World.

Chaudière-Appalaches has a population of 433,312 residents (as of the Canada 2021 Census) and a land area of 15,071.51 square kilometres (5,819.14 sq mi). The main cities are Lévis, Saint-Georges, Thetford Mines, Sainte-Marie and Montmagny.
Arcy
Ryan Christenson (known by the pseudonym ARCY) is an American graffiti artist and muralist from Connecticut. He has created numerous murals and live paintings throughout the United States, England, Portugal, Greece, Ireland, Australia, and other locales. Christenson's clients have included the Smithsonian Institution, Major League Baseball, and the National Park Service. He also creates work for Disney's Fine Art collection. Recent work by ARCY includes his horse coliseum mural at the 2019 Big E, and his 2020 Kobe Bryant mural for the super bowl in Miami.

Live painting
Live painting is a form of visual performance art in which artists complete a visual art piece in a public performance, often at a bar, music concert, wedding reception, or public event, accompanied by a DJ or live music. The artwork which is created live may be planned or improvisational. This live art form is often contrasted with more studied fine art compositions from the same artists, which are generally executed in an artist studio or other private space.

Artists in a number of genres have performed live painting, including LeRoy Neiman creating a painting during the 1976 Summer Olympics.  In the 1990s and 2000s, live painting became a hallmark of street art and graffiti artists.
Matt Beckett
Matt Beckett (born 13 July 1973) is a Welsh former-professional cyclist who was born in Lancaster. He represented Wales in the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur. He was briefly one of the directors of Welsh Cycling in 2006.

1998 Commonwealth Games
The 1998 Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel 1998), officially known as the XVI Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel ke-16), were a multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 1998 Games were the first to be held in Asia, and the last Commonwealth Games of the 20th century. For the first time ever, the Games included team sports. Around 3,638 athletes from 70 Commonwealth member nations participated at the Games, which featured 214 events in 15 sports with 34 of them collected medals.
Turjak
Turjak (pronounced [tuˈɾjaːk]; German: Auersperg) is a settlement in the Municipality of Velike Lašče in central Slovenia. The entire municipality is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Velike Lašče
The Municipality of Velike Lašče (pronounced [ˈʋeːlikɛ ˈlaːʃtʃɛ]; Slovene: Občina Velike Lašče) is a municipality in Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Velike Lašče. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

The area is the birthplace of a number of notable Slovene writers: Primož Trubar, Josip Stritar, Fran Levstik, and Jože Javoršek.
Lossnitz
Lossnitz , Loßnitz or Lößnitz can refer to several places in Germany:

Niederlößnitz and Oberlößnitz, two parts of Radebeul

Loßnitz, part of Freiberg, Saxony

Lößnitz, a town in the district Aue-Schwarzenberg

Große Lößnitz, a river in Saxony

Lößnitz (Nebel), a river of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Radebeul
Radebeul (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaːdəˌbɔʏl] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Radobyle) is a town (große Kreisstadt) in the Elbe valley in the district of Meißen in Saxony, Germany, a suburb of Dresden.  It is well known for its viticulture, a museum dedicated to writer Karl May, and a narrow-gauge railway connecting Radebeul with the castle of Moritzburg and the town of Radeburg.  The Meißen area, where Radebeul is located, is one of the northeasternmost areas where wine is grown in the 21st century.

It is sometimes called the "Nice of Saxony" for its pleasant landscape and mild climate.
Arribas
Arribas is a surname.

Notable people with this surname include:

Alejandro Arribas, Spanish football player for Real Oviedo

Francisco Gutiérrez Arribas, Spanish sculptor

Gustavo Arribas, Argentine politician

Igone Arribas, Spanish rhythmic gymnast

José Arribas, French football player

Maritza Arribas Robaina, Cuban chess player

Miguel Arribas, Puerto Rican politician

Óscar Arribas, Spanish football player for AD Alcorcón

Sergio Arribas (footballer, born 1995), Spanish football player for Villarubia CF

Sergio Arribas (footballer, born 2001), Spanish football player for Real Madrid Castilla

Gustavo Arribas
Gustavo Arribas (born 25 November 1958) is an Argentine scribe and politician. He was the Director-General of the Federal Intelligence Agency of Argentina. He headed the agency from December 2015 to December 2019.
Intersection (1994 film)
Intersection is a 1994 romantic drama film, directed by Mark Rydell and starring Richard Gere, Sharon Stone, Lolita Davidovich and Martin Landau. It's a remake of the French film Les choses de la vie (1970) by Claude Sautet, the story — both filmed and set in Vancouver, British Columbia — concerns an architect (played by Gere) who, as his classic Mercedes 280SL roadster hurtles into a collision at an intersection, flashes through key moments in his life, including his marriage to a beautiful but chilly heiress (Stone) and his subsequent affair with a travel writer (Davidovich).

Remake
A remake is a film, television series, video game, song or similar form of entertainment that is based upon and retells the story of an earlier production in the same medium—e.g., a "new version of an existing film". A remake tells the same story as the original but uses a different set of casts, and may use actors from the original, alter the theme, or change the flow and setting of the story. In addition, since a remake is released some time after the original work, it may incorporate new technologies, enhancements, and techniques that had not existed or been commonly used when the original work was created. Similar but not synonymous terms are reimagining or reboot, which indicates a greater discrepancy between, for example, a movie and the movie it is based on.
Reichsgau Wartheland
The Reichsgau Wartheland (initially Reichsgau Posen, also Warthegau) was a Nazi German Reichsgau formed from parts of Polish territory annexed in 1939 during World War II. It comprised the region of Greater Poland and adjacent areas. Parts of Warthegau matched the similarly named pre-Versailles Prussian province of Posen. The name was initially derived from the capital city, Posen (Poznań), and later from the main river, Warthe (Warta).

During the Partitions of Poland from 1793, the bulk of the area had been annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia until 1807 as South Prussia. From 1815 to 1849, the territory was within the autonomous Grand Duchy of Posen, which was the Province of Posen until Poland was re-established in 1918–1919 following World War I. The area is currently the Greater Poland Voivodeship.

Warta
The river Warta (/ˈvɑːrtə/ VAR-tə, Polish: [ˈvarta] ⓘ; German: Warthe [ˈvaʁtə] ⓘ; Latin: Varta) rises in central Poland and meanders greatly through the  Polish Plain in a north-westerly direction to flow into the Oder at Kostrzyn nad Odrą on Poland's border with Germany. About 808.2 kilometres (502.2 mi) long, it is the second-longest river within the borders of Poland (after the Vistula), and the third-longest Polish river after the Oder (which also flows through the Czech Republic and Germany). Its drainage basin covers 54,529 square kilometers (21,054 sq mi). The Warta is navigable from Kostrzyn nad Odrą to Konin - approximately half of its length.

The Warta connects to the Vistula via its own tributary, the Noteć, and the Bydgoszcz Canal (Polish: Kanał Bydgoski) near the city of Bydgoszcz.
William Frederick Todd
William Frederick Todd (2 May 1854 – 16 March 1935) was a businessman and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Charlotte County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1899 to 1903 and Charlotte in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1911 as a Liberal member. Todd served as the 16th Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick from 28 February 1923, to 27 December 1928.

He was born in St. Stephen, New Brunswick, the youngest son of Freeman H. Todd and Adeline Boardman. His father was a very successful lumber merchant and president of the St. Croix Soap Manufacturing Company. In 1879, William Todd married Ethel J. Bolton, the daughter of John Bolton. Todd was unsuccessful in bids for reelection in 1911, 1917, and 1921.

He died of a heart attack in 1935, while visiting a lawyer's office. He was the age of 80.

St. Stephen, New Brunswick
St. Stephen is a Canadian town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, situated on the east bank of the St. Croix River around the intersection of New Brunswick Route 170 and the southern terminus of New Brunswick Route 3.  The St. Croix River marks a section of the Canada–United States border, forming a natural border between Calais, Maine and St. Stephen. U.S. Route 1 parallels the St. Croix river for a few miles, and is accessed from St. Stephen by three cross-border bridges.

On 1 January 2023, St. Stephen annexed all or part of seven local service districts and was renamed the Municipal District of St. Stephen, retaining town status. Revised census figures have not been released.
Division of Durack
The Division of Durack (/ˈdjuːræk/) is an Australian electoral division in the state of Western Australia. It is the largest electorate in Australia by land area, at 1,410,947 km2 (544,769.7 sq mi). It stretches all the way along the coast from Guilderton to the Northern Territory border.

Since 2013, its MP has been Melissa Price of the Liberal Party.

Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives
Electorates (also known as electoral divisions, federal divisions or seats) are the single-member electoral districts of the Australian House of Representatives; the lower house of the Parliament of Australia. There are currently 150 federal electorates.
Helen Farquhar
Helen Laura Farquhar (1859 – 1953) was a British numismatist and a founder member of the British Numismatic Society in 1903. Farquhar served on the British Numismatic Society Council many times from 1910-1946 and was Vice-President at various times 1912-1953. Farquhar specialised in British numismatics, especially Stuart portraiture and the Touch pieces associated with the King's Evil (scrofula). Farquhar wrote prolifically on these subjects, particularly in the British Numismatic Journal where she published articles in every volume from 1905-1930.

Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency,  including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects.

Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.

The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems.
Steven Lubet
Steven Lubet is a legal scholar and author. Lubet is the Edna B. and Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Professor of Law at Northwestern University.

Lubet has been noted for his commentary on controversial issues such as the appointment of scholar Steven Salaita at the University of Illinois, the controversy over the legal status of Alice Goffman's research methods in her widely acclaimed book, On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City and support of Supreme Court Justice Neil Gorsuch's speaking at a President Donald Trump's hotel while cases about the Administration's travel ban and "challenging the constitutionality of payments to Mr. Trump’s companies" face the Supreme Court and lower courts.

Lubet is a former juvenile and criminal defense lawyer, and former legal services lawyer.

Criminal defense lawyer
A criminal defense lawyer is a lawyer (mostly barristers) specializing in the defense of individuals and companies charged with criminal activity. Some criminal defense lawyers are privately retained, while others are employed by the various jurisdictions with criminal courts for appointment to represent indigent persons; the latter are generally called public defenders. The terminology is imprecise because each jurisdiction may have different practices with various levels of input from country to country. Some jurisdictions use a rotating system of appointments, with judges appointing a private practice attorney or firm for each case.
Muhammad Zahab
Muhammad Zahab (died 2018) was an Australian math teacher who recruited many of his relatives, friends and acquaintances to join him in Daesh occupied Syria.  The Australian Broadcasting Corporation public affairs show Four Corners reported he recruited his wife, parents, his two brothers, his sister, three cousins, four in-laws, and their children.

Four Corners reported that Zahab rose to a leadership role in Daesh.  Australian security officials considered him the most senior member of the Daesh leadership from Australia.

Zahab married his first wife Mariam Raad, in Australia.  He married a second wife, Zahra Ahmad, after he arrived in Syria.  Ahmad, came from another family which traveled to Daesh territory.

He was killed by an Iraqi air strike in 2018.

Four Corners (Australian TV program)
Four Corners is an Australian investigative journalism and current affairs documentary television program. Broadcast on ABC TV, it premiered on 19 August 1961 and is the longest-running Australian television program in history. The program is one of only five in Australia inducted into the Logie Hall of Fame.
Agonopterix rosaciliella
Agonopterix rosaciliella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by August Busck in 1904. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alaska and western Saskatchewan through Washington to California and Arizona.

The wingspan is 20–26 mm. The forewings are ochreous-white overlaid with reddish and suffused with reddish fuscous, and irrorated with sparse blackish scales. The basal portion of the forewings is light and contains a fuscous spot and is followed by a deep reddish-fuscous shade. There is a series distinct fuscous spots on the costa and termen, the former alternated with small whitish-ochreous spots. There are also four white discal spots, edged with black. The hindwings are light fuscous.

The larvae feed on Angelica arguta, Angelica hendersonii, Conioselinum chinense, Ligusticum apiifolium, Oenanthe sarmentosa, Osmorhiza chilensis, Osmorhiza occidentalis and Echinopanax horridum.

Ligusticum apiifolium
Ligusticum apiifolium is a species of plant in the carrot family known by the common names celery-leafed lovage and celery-leaf licorice-root. It resembles other carrot-like plants, bearing umbels of whitish or brownish flowers.

This plant is native to California, Oregon, and Washington, where it is found in coastal areas.
National Computer Camps
National Computer Camps are computer camps for children and teens founded in 1977 by Dr. Michael Zabinski. There are locations at Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut, where Dr. Zabinski is a professor of physics and engineering; Oglethorpe University in Atlanta, Georgia;  and Baldwin Wallace University in Cleveland, Ohio.

The focus of NCC is 2D and 3D video game design, computer programming, digital video production, web page design, A+ and Network+ certification, Android App programming, and software applications including animation, Flash and Photoshop. An optional sports program is also available. Each week, all levels of programming are offered in Basic, C++, Java, assembler, HTML, XML, and JavaScript. Campers may attend one or multi-week sessions.

NCC was the first summer camp for children founded with a primary focus on computing.

Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).
Hypoesthesia
Hypoesthesia or numbness is a common side effect of various medical conditions that manifests as a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli. In everyday speech this is generally referred to as numbness.

Hypoesthesia primarily results from damage to nerves, and from blockages in blood vessels, resulting in ischemic damage to tissues supplied by the blocked blood vessels. This damage is detectable through the use of various imaging studies. Damage in this way is caused by a variety of different illnesses and diseases. A few examples of the most common illnesses and diseases that can cause hypoesthesia as a side effect are as follows:

Decompression sickness

Trigeminal schwannoma

Rhombencephalitis

Intradural extramedullary tuberculoma of the spinal cord

Cutaneous sensory disorder

Beriberi

Hindbrain
The hindbrain, rhombencephalon (shaped like a rhombus) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. It includes the medulla, pons, and cerebellum. Together they support vital bodily processes.
Râul Doamnei
Râul Doamnei is a left tributary of the river Argeș in Romania. Its source is on the eastern slope of Moldoveanu Peak (Făgăraș Mountains), the highest mountain peak in Romania. It discharges into the Argeș just north of Pitești. Its upper course, upstream from the confluence with the Zârna, is also called Valea Rea. Its length is 107 km (66 mi) and its basin size is 1,836 km2 (709 sq mi). It frequently dries up in summer, owing to the works upstream that have redirected part of its water supply toward a reservoir serving the hydroelectric plant on the Argeș.

Râul Doamnei flows through a hilly region, forming narrow strips of fertile plain on both of its banks. The following towns and villages are situated along the river Râul Doamnei, from source to mouth: Slatina, Sboghițești, Corbi, Domnești, Pietroșani, Coșești, Dârmănești, Purcăreni, Colibași and Ștefănești.

Moldoveanu Peak
Moldoveanu Peak (Romanian: Vârful Moldoveanu, pronounced [ˈvɨrful moldoˈve̯anu]; "Moldavian Peak"), at 2,545 metres (8,350 ft), is the highest mountain peak in Romania. It is located in Argeș County, in the Făgăraș Mountains of the Southern Carpathians.

The most popular routes to reach Moldoveanu are over the Viștea Mare (2,527 metres (8,291 ft)), by paths coming from Podragu, Sâmbăta, or by the Viștea Valley.

The closest settlement on the north side is Victoria and on the south side Câmpulung.

In December 2019, the star XO-1, located 536 light-years away in the constellation Corona Borealis, was named Moldoveanu after the mountain.
Zithulele Hospital
Zithulele Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital near Mqanduli, Eastern Cape in South Africa. While the postal address for the hospital is Mqanduli, the hospital itself is southeast approximately 3 km from the ocean.

The hospital departments include Emergency department, Paediatric ward, Maternity ward, Out Patients Department, Surgical Services, Medical Services, Operating Theatre & CSSD Services, Pharmacy, Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, Post Trauma Counseling Services, X-ray Services, Physiotherapy, NHLS Laboratory, Occupational Services, Laundry Services, Kitchen Services and Mortuary.

Operating theater
An operating theater (or operation theater, OT; also known as an operating room or OR, as well as an operating suite or operation suite) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in an aseptic environment.

Historically, the term operating theater referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater in which students and other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery. Contemporary operating rooms are usually devoid of a theater setting, making the term operating theater a misnomer in those cases.
Mauritania national futsal team
The Mauritania national futsal team is controlled by the Football Federation of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, the governing body for futsal in Algeria and represents the country in international futsal competitions.

Football Federation of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania
The Football Federation of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Arabic: اتحادية الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية لكرة القدم; French: Fédération de football de la République islamique de Mauritanie, FFRIM) is the governing body of football in Mauritania. It was founded in 1961, affiliated to FIFA in 1970 and to CAF in 1976 and to UNAF in 2025. It organizes the national football league and the national team.

On December 2025, the FFIRM left the West African Football Union to join the UNAF.