hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palladium black
Palladium black is a coarse, sponge-like form of elemental palladium which offers a large surface area for catalytic activity. It is used in organic synthesis as a catalyst for hydrogenation reactions.

The term palladium black is also used colloquially to refer to a black precipitate of elemental palladium, which forms via decomposition of various palladium complexes.

Organic synthesis
Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds. Organic compounds  are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of synthetic routes that can be completed including total synthesis, stereoselective synthesis, automated synthesis, and many more. Additionally, in understanding organic synthesis it is necessary to be familiar with the methodology, techniques, and applications of the subject.
Walschbronn
Walschbronn (German pronunciation: [valʃbʁɔn]) is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.

The village belongs to the Pays de Bitche and to the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park.

Pays de Bitche
The Pays de Bitche (French pronunciation: [pe.i də bitʃ], literally Land of Bitche, German: Bitscherland or Bitcherland) is a natural region in the Moselle department of the Grand Est region of France. It corresponds to the present French part of the former principality of Zweibrücken-Bitsch and to the part of the Northern Vosges that lies within Lorraine.

The Pays de Bitche has a total of 47 municipalities. 46 of them are gathered into the Bitche canton and the remaining one, Kalhausen, is a part of the Sarreguemines canton.
North Tipperary Intermediate Hurling Championship
The North Tipperary Intermediate Hurling Championship is an annual inter-divisional adult hurling tournament organised by the Tipperary County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association that has taken place in North Tipperary since 1927. The series of games take place during the months of March, May and April.

The championship has always been played using a knock-out format. The winners and runners-up of the North Tipperary Championship joined their counterparts from the other three divisions to contest the Tipperary Intermediate Hurling Championship quarter-finals.

There are currently 4 teams competing for this title. The title has been won by a total of 18 different clubs during its existence. The all time record holders are Burgess who have won a total of 14 titles.

The current holders of the title are Shannon Rovers, who won the title after defeating Borrisokane on a score of 3-15 to 1-16 in the 2025 championship final.

Shannon Rovers GAA
Shannon Rovers GAA is a Tipperary GAA club which is located in the north of County Tipperary, Ireland. Both hurling and Gaelic football are played in the "North Tipperary" divisional competitions.  The club is centered on the villages of Ballinderry, Terryglass and Kilbarron.
John Zogby
John J. Zogby (born September 3, 1948) is an American public opinion pollster, author, and public speaker. He is founder of the Zogby poll, and the Zogby International poll. Besides his profile in politics, he has also become a figure in popular culture, and he is the subject of a 2024 documentary, "People, Not Numbers," based on his working principle, "I poll people, not numbers."

IBOPE
The Brazilian Institute of Public Opinion and Statistics (IBOPE based on the Portuguese language name, Instituto Brasileiro de Opinião Pública e Estatística) is a Brazilian originated market research company. IBOPE provides data on media consumption and advertising investment across all Latin America

Established in 1942, the name IBOPE is listed in the Brazilian dictionary as a synonym of audience ratings research.
Abergavenny Hundred
Abergavenny was an ancient hundred of Monmouthshire.

It was situated in the northern part of the county, bounded on the north by Herefordshire; on the east by the hundreds of Skenfrith, Raglan, and Usk; on the south by Wentloog hundred; and on the west by Wentloog and Brecknockshire.

It contained the following ancient parishes:

The administration of the area is now divided between the local authorities of Monmouthshire, Torfaen and Blaenau Gwent.  Part is within the area of the Brecon Beacons National Park.

Brecknockshire
Brecknockshire (Welsh: Brycheiniog or Sir Frycheiniog), also known as the County of Brecknock, Breconshire, or the County of Brecon, was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974. It was created in 1536 under the Laws in Wales Act 1535, and from 1889 it was an administrative county with a county council; the administrative county was abolished in 1974. The county was named after the medieval Welsh territory of Brycheiniog, which was anglicised to Brecknock and also gave its name to the county town of Brecon. The former county's area is mountainous and primarily rural.
Bernardo Henao Mejía
Bernardo Henao Mejía was a Colombian physician and politician.

Son of José Tomás Henao Jaramillo, an acclaimed Antioquian doctor, and Clementina Mejía Jaramillo, Henao Mejía was the first director of the Hospital San Juan de Dios, in Armenia.

During the government of the General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, he served as Minister of Public Health of Colombia. During his time in the ministry, he regularized the exercise of optometry and supported the peace process that was being carried out with the Liberal Guerrillas. He also was Acting Minister of Agriculture.

Ministry of Health and Social Protection (Colombia)
The Ministry of Health and Social Protection (Spanish: Ministerio de Salud y de Protección Social, MinSalud) is one of the nineteen national executive ministries of the Government of Colombia, and is responsible for coordinating and implementing the national policy and social services relating to health and social security.
Gyan Prakash Pilania
Gyan Prakash Pilania (18 February 1932 – 13 October 2024) was an Indian retired police officer, politician and social reformer from Rajasthan. He was elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of parliament, for two terms from 2004 to 2014 as a member of the Bharatiya Janta Party. He was an Indian Police Service officer of 1955 batch and served as Director General of Police of Rajasthan.

He served as the president of All India Jat Mahasabha. As a social leader he is known for leading Jat Reservation Agitation. He was a member of the National People's Party (India) after resigning from Bharatiya Janata Party. He is recipient of Police Medal (1972) and President's Police Medal (1984).

Pilania died in Jaipur on 13 October 2024, at the age of 92.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
Da Mansong Diarra
Da Mansong Diarra, also spelled Da Manzon, was the ruling Faama of the Segou Empire from 1808 to 1827. During his reign, the province of Massina was lost when he was defeated by Sekou Amadou at the Battle of Noukouma in 1818.

Seku Amadu
Sheikhu Ahmadu (Arabic: شيخ أحمد بن محمّد لبّو, romanized: Shaykh Aḥmadu bin Muḥammadu Lobbo; Fula: Seeku Aamadu; ) (c. 1776 – 20 April 1845) was the Fulbe founder of the Massina Empire (Diina of Hamdullahi) in the Inner Niger Delta, now the Mopti Region of Mali. He ruled as Almami from 1818 until his death in 1845, also taking the title sisse al-Masini.
2007 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 2007 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 76th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.

Roscommon entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Laois in the All-Ireland quarter-final.

On 16 September 2007, Galway won the championship following a 1-10 to 1-9 defeat of Derry in the All-Ireland final. This was their sixth All-Ireland title overall and their first title in 21 championship seasons.

Laois GAA
The Laois County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Laois) or Laois GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Laois. The county board is also responsible for the Laois county teams.

The county football team contested the second ever All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) final in 1889. In 1926, the county won the final of the first National Football League competition, defeating Dublin. 1936 brought the team's only other appearance in an All-Ireland SFC decider.

The county hurling team won an All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) in 1915.
Joy Jibrilu
Joy Jibrilu is a government official and attorney in The Bahamas. Jibrilu is the Director General of The Bahamas Ministry of Tourism & Aviation. From 2008 to 2014 Jibrilu was the Director of Investments in the Bahamas Investment Authority (BIA) in the Office of the Prime Minister.

Attorney at law
Attorney at law or attorney-at-law, usually abbreviated in everyday speech to attorney, is the preferred term for a practising lawyer in certain jurisdictions, including South Africa (for certain lawyers), Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and the United States. The term has its roots in the verb to attorn, meaning to transfer one's rights and obligations to another.
Rónán Clarke
Rónán Clarke is an Irish Gaelic football manager and former player who represented Armagh. His club football career has been with Armagh city's Pearse Óg GAC.

Ross Carr, the former Down manager, said: "Armagh have the best forward in the country in Rónán Clarke".

Ulster Minor Club Football Championship
The Ulster Minor Club Football Championship (Irish: Comórtas Pheil Mhionúr Chumann Uladh), often referred to as the St. Paul's Tournament, an annual Gaelic football tournament organised and hosted by the St Paul's club in Belfast. It is played between the Minor championship winners from each of the nine counties of Ulster. The competition has a straight knock-out format. It was first held in 1982 and the winners are awarded the Jimmy McConville Cup.

While unofficial, it is regarded as the Ulster Club Championship for club minor teams. The competition begins in late November or early December with the final taking place in January, typically on New Year's Day (e.g. the 2017 final took place on 1 January 2018).

Derry clubs have won the competition eighteen times, more than any other county. Ballinderry and Glen are the most successful clubs, having both won the competition four times, with Glen's four titles being won consecutively. The current champions are Four Masters from Donegal.
Canton of Saint-Saëns
The Canton of Saint-Saëns is a former canton situated in the Seine-Maritime département and in the Haute-Normandie region of northern France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 15 communes, which joined the canton of Neufchâtel-en-Bray in 2015. It had a total of 8,927 inhabitants (2012).

Seine-Maritime
Seine-Maritime (French pronunciation: [sɛn maʁitim] ⓘ) is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the Seine, and includes the cities of Rouen and Le Havre. Until 1955 it was named Seine-Inférieure. It had a population of 1,255,633 in 2019.
Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress
The People's Congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region is the local people's congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Following decisions taken by the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, the founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region and the regional government was officially announced during the first session of the Tibetan People's Congress in September 1965 in Lhasa.

Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme (Tibetan: ང་ཕོད་ངག་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་, Wylie: Nga phod Ngag dbang 'jigs med, ZWPY: Ngapo Ngawang Jigmê, Lhasa dialect: [ŋɑ̀pø̂ː ŋɑ̀wɑŋ t͡ɕíʔmi]; Chinese: 阿沛·阿旺晋美; pinyin: Āpèi Āwàng Jìnměi; February 1, 1910 – December 23, 2009) was a Tibetan senior official who assumed various military and political responsibilities both before and after 1951 in Tibet. He is often known simply as Ngapoi in English sources.
Cook's treat
In cookery, a cook's treat is a portion of the prepared ingredients not served as part of a dish, but which is nevertheless tasty and enjoyable and may be eaten by the cook.

Examples might include a chocolate brownie that is cosmetically disfigured but otherwise edible, or unused portions of cookie dough. These treats give the chef an excuse to test the food before serving it to whomever it's made for. Typically, the Cook's treat is not the reason someone chooses to cook, but it's related to the idea of perks and fringe benefits.

Cookie dough
Cookie dough is an uncooked blend of cookie ingredients. While cookie dough is typically meant to be baked into individual cookies before consumption, edible cookie dough is specifically designed to be eaten raw; it is usually made without eggs and contains heat-treated flour to ensure safety for human consumption.

Cookie dough can be made at home or bought pre-made in packs (frozen logs, buckets, etc.). Dessert products containing cookie dough include ice cream and candy. In addition, pre-made cookie dough is sold in different flavors.

When made at home, common ingredients include flour, butter, white sugar, salt, vanilla extract, and eggs. If the dough is made with the intention of baking, then leavening agents such as baking soda or baking powder are added. However, these are often excluded in cookie doughs that are designed to be eaten raw. Chocolate chip cookie dough is a popular variation that can be made by adding chocolate chips to the mix.
The Wreck of the Number Nine
"The Wreck of the Number Nine" is an American train song, part of a subgenre about train wrecks.

It was written by Carson Robison in 1927, and popularized by Vernon Dalhart.

One of the best-known version is by Jim Reeves, from his 1961 album Tall Tales and Short Tempers, although it has been sung by several other singers, including Hank Snow, Marty Robbins, Doc Watson and Mac Wiseman.

It tells the story of a brave engineer who takes his train out on a stormy night after kissing his sweetheart goodbye, promising to marry her the next day, but he is killed in a head-on collision with another train.  Unlike some other songs in the "train wreck" subgenre, it has a known author and is based on a fictional incident.

Music historian Bill C. Malone describes Robison's composition as an "event" song that is "a throwback to the British broadside and perhaps most characteristic of the hillbilly music of the twenties".

Bill C. Malone
Bill C. Malone (born August 25, 1934) is an American musician, author and historian specializing in country music and other forms of traditional American music. He is the author of the 1968 book Country Music, U.S.A., the first definitive academic history of country music. The third revised edition appeared in 2010. Malone is Professor Emeritus of History at Tulane University and now resides in San Antonio, TX.
There Are Such Things
"There Are Such Things" is a popular song composed by Stanley Adams, Abel Baer, and George W. Meyer, published in 1942.
The first and most popular version was performed by Tommy Dorsey's orchestra with vocals by Frank Sinatra and The Pied Pipers, which reached No. 1 on the US best-selling records chart in 1942. This version hit No. 2 on the Harlem Hit Parade chart. There have been many other versions recorded since.

Stanley Adams (songwriter)
Stanley Adams (August 14, 1907 – January 27, 1994) was an American lyricist and songwriter. He wrote the English lyrics for the song "What a Diff'rence a Day Makes" (song written by the Mexican composer María Grever in 1934) and the English lyrics for "La Cucaracha." Adams was the president of the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) between 1953 and 1956, and again from 1959 until 1980.
2014 2000 Guineas Stakes
The 2014 2000 Guineas Stakes was the 206th running of the 2000 Guineas Stakes horse race. It was run over one mile at Newmarket Racecourse on 3 May 2014. The form of the 2014 running of the 2000 Guineas Stakes was of the strongest seen in years, as can be seen from below.

Irish 2,000 Guineas
The Irish 2,000 Guineas is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in May.
Ruska Wieś, Mrągowo County
Ruska Wieś [ˈruska ˈvjɛɕ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mrągowo, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located in Masuria. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Mrągowo and 58 km (36 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

As of 1536 the population was almost entirely Polish by ethnicity, and as of 1693 it was exclusively Polish.

Mrągowo
Mrągowo [mrɔŋˈɡɔvɔ] (until 1947 Polish: Ządźbork [ˈʐɔɲd͡ʑbɔrk]; German: Sensburg [ˈzɛnsbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a resort town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship of northeastern Poland, with 20,399 inhabitants (2025). It is the capital of Mrągowo County and the seat (though not part of) the Gmina Mrągowo. The town is located in the ethnographic region of Masuria, within the Masurian Lake District, about 60 km (37 mi) east of Olsztyn.

It is situated on the shores of lakes Czos, Sutapie Małe, Sołtysko, Czarne, Juno and Piecuch.
Saeedabad, Karachi
Saeedabad (Urdu: سعيد آباد) is a residential neighbourhood in the Karachi West district of Karachi, Pakistan, within Baldia Town.

There are several ethnic groups in Saeedabad including Muhajirs, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Hindu-speaking, Balochis, Brahuis,
Memons, Bohras, Qadir Kutchi and Ismailis.

Muhajir (Pakistan)
The Muhajir people (also spelled Mohajir and Mahajir) (Urdu: مہاجر) are a multi-origin ethnic group of Pakistan. They are the Muslim immigrants, of various ethnic groups and regional origins, who migrated from various regions of India after the 1947 independence to settle in the newly independent state of Pakistan, and their descendants.
Muhajirs come from various ethnic and regional backgrounds, with a significant portion of the community residing in Karachi and other major urban centers of Pakistan.

The total population of Muhajrs worldwide is estimated to be around 15 million, and the overwhelming majority of this figure (14.7 million) is located in Pakistan, according to the 2017 Pakistani census. Though the official controversial 2017 census of Karachi, which has historically hosted the country's largest Muhajir population, has been challenged by most of Sindh's political parties.
Collaborative Professional Development
CPD in the context of NCETM means Collaborative Professional Development (not "Continuing Professional Development" as in some other contexts).

The essence of "Collaborative" is that teachers work in groups and develop skills together. Thus it is an ongoing-relationship - just as a pet is "not just for Christmas", so CPD is "not just for one day" but is continuing AND collaborative.

CPD also has elements of inter-colleague support, and of 'cascading' within a learning institution. It derives professional skills as socially constructed, and not learned via didactics.

Informal, versus formal, collaboration can be more effective for all, due to the Professional Trust embodied by the informal and non-directed nature of the work. Teachmeets are an example of this unmanaged unconference phenomena.

Educational institution
An educational institution is a place where people of different ages gain an education, including preschools, childcare, primary-elementary schools, secondary-high schools, and universities.  They provide a large variety of learning environments and learning spaces.
Diablo (series)
Diablo is an action role-playing dungeon crawler video game series originally developed by Blizzard North and continued by Blizzard Entertainment after the original North studio shut down in 2005. The franchise is made up of the four main games: Diablo, Diablo II, Diablo III, and Diablo IV. Expansions include the third-party published Hellfire, which follows the first game; Lord of Destruction, published by Blizzard and released after the second game; Reaper of Souls, which follows the third game; and Vessel of Hatred and Lord of Hatred, which follow the fourth game. Additional content is provided through story elements explored in other types of media forms.

Dungeon crawl
A dungeon crawl is a type of scenario in fantasy role-playing games (RPGs) in which heroes navigate a labyrinth environment (a "dungeon"), battling various monsters, avoiding traps, solving puzzles, and looting any treasure they may find. Video games and board games which predominantly feature dungeon crawl elements are considered to be a genre.
Congleton (surname)
Congleton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Congleton (born 1977), American record producer, engineer, mixer, and writer

Jerome T. Congleton (1876–1936), American politician

Roger D. Congleton (born 1951), American economist

Roger D. Congleton
Roger Douglas Congleton (born November 13, 1951) is an American economist. He serves as the BB&T Professor of Economics at West Virginia University and is the co-editor-in-chief of the journal Constitutional Political Economy.
Luigi Giacobbe
Luigi Giacobbe (1 January 1907 – 1 December 1995) was an Italian professional cyclist, who raced from 1926 to 1937.

He was born in Bosco Marengo, Piedmont. He won the Tre Valli Varesine in 1931 and a stage in the 1931 Giro d'Italia. At the Giro, he was second overall in 1930 and 1931. He took part to three Tour de France in 1931, 1933 and 1935.

Giacobbe died at Novi Ligure in 1995.

Novi Ligure
Novi Ligure (Italian: [ˈnɔːvi ˈliːɡure]; Ligurian: Nêuve, Ligurian: [ˈnøːve]; Piedmontese: Neuvi, Piedmontese: [ˈnøʋ]) is a comune (municipality) north of Genoa, in the province of Alessandria, in the Italian region of Piedmont.

The town produces food, iron, steel, and textiles. It is an important junction for both road and railroad.
Mashhadi Kola, Babol
Mashhadi Kola (Persian: مشهدي كلا, also Romanized as Mashhadī Kolā) is a village in Feyziyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 501, in 122 families.

Babol County
Babol County(Persian: شهرستان بابل) is the most populous county in Mazandaran province and the second most populous county in northern Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Babol. Babol County consists of six districts, seven cities, and nearly 700 villages.

The elevation of the city of Babol is 2 meters below sea level, making it the "lowest" city in Mazandaran province. The elevation in the county, from the north to 10 kilometers south, is below sea level. The city of Babol is divided into two urban areas. The population of Babol in 2016 was 250,217, and that of Babol County 531,930.