hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ali Shamkhani
Ali Shamkhani (29 September 1955 – 28 February 2026) was an Iranian naval officer and politician who served as the secretary of the Supreme National Security Council of Iran from 2013 to 2023. He had previously served as commander of both the IRGC Navy and the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy. Shamkhani was a member of the Expediency Discernment Council of Iran and political advisor of the supreme leader of Iran from 2023. He was also one of the political appointees overseeing the Iran–United States negotiations aimed at reaching a nuclear peace agreement.

In June 2025, Shamkhani was severely injured in an Israeli airstrike during the Iran–Israel war. Initial reports mistakenly claimed he had been killed, but he later reappeared in public. He was however, killed early the next year, during the 2026 Israeli–United States strikes on Iran.

Expediency Discernment Council
The Expediency Discernment Council of the System (Persian: مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام, romanized: Majma'-e Tašxis-e Maslahat-e Nezâm) is an administrative assembly of Iran appointed by the Supreme Leader and was created upon the revision to the Constitution on 6 February 1988. It was originally set up to resolve differences or conflicts between the Majlis and the Guardian Council, but "its true power lies more in its advisory role to the Supreme Leader." According to Hooman Majd, the Leader "delegated some of his own authority to the council—granting it supervisory powers over all branches of the government" following President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's election in 2005.

Members of the council are chosen by the Supreme Leader every five years.
Banking in Turkey
Banking in Turkey is an important aspect of the financial system Turkey's dynamic economy. Banks handle the majority of money and capital market transactions and activity. Commercial banks make up the majority of Turkey's financial sector, accounting for 91 percent of overall financial sector assets as of 2020.

The beginnings of the banking industry can be traced to the 19th century with Galata bankers creating the first Ottoman bank.
As of January 2021, there are a total of 48 banks operating with 9,880 branches in Turkey and 71 branches abroad. The total value of assets of the banking sector in Turkey amounted to more than $800 billion.

Commercial bank
A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and gives loans to its clients to make a profit.

It can also refer to a bank or a division of a larger bank that deals with wholesale banking to corporations or large or middle-sized businesses, to differentiate from retail banks and investment banks. Commercial banks include private sector banks and public sector banks. However, central banks function differently from commercial banks, despite a common misconception known as the "bank analogy". Unlike commercial banks, central banks are not primarily focused on generating profits and cannot become insolvent in the same way as commercial banks in a fiat currency system.
Tsai Wan-tsai
Tsai Wan-tsai (Chinese: 蔡萬才; pinyin: Cài Wàncái; 5 August 1929 – 5 October 2014) was a Taiwanese banker. Born in modern-day Miaoli, his birth name was 蔡萬財. He is one of the brothers of Tsai Wan-lin, and an uncle of Tsai Hong-tu. Tsai Wan-tsai was a member of the Legislative Yuan, the national parliament of Taiwan. He was also the founder of Fubon Group. In June 2008, Forbes ranked him as the fourth richest of Taiwan, with a net worth of US$5.1 billion.

Miaoli
Miaoli City (Wade–Giles: Miao²-li⁴-shih⁴; Hakka PFS: Mèu-li̍t-sṳ; Hokkien POJ: Biâu-le̍k-chhī or Miâu-le̍k-chhī; Japanese Byōritsushi) is a county-administered city and the county seat of Miaoli County, Taiwan. Miaoli has a relatively high percentage of Hakka people. It had the  second highest residential price and the highest commercial price for land in Miaoli County as of 2004, at NT$28,601 per square meter and NT$63,317 per square meter, respectively.
Mike Doherty (cricketer)
Michael John Desmond Doherty (born 14 March 1947) is a South African former cricketer.  He spent a 21-year career with the Griqualand West cricket team between 1965 and 1985.  Named one of the cricketers of the year in 1972 by the South African Cricket Annual, Doherty recorded 12 centuries as a left-handed batter and two five-wicket hauls as a right-handed bowler that could bowl either off break or medium pace.  After his retirement, he served as chairman of Griqualand West and also spent time as the manager of the South Africa national cricket team.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Grigory Gershuni
Grigory Andreyevich Gershuni (Russian: Григо́рий Андре́евич Гершу́ни; 29 September [O.S. 17 September] 1870 – 29 March [O.S. 16 March] 1908) was a Russian revolutionary and one of the founders of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party.

Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
The Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research about musculoskeletal rehabilitation, orthopaedics, physical therapy, and sports medicine. It was established in 1979, following the founding of the Orthopedic and Sports Medicine sections of the American Physical Therapy Association and resulted from a merger of the Bulletin of the Orthopaedic Section and the Bulletin of the Sports Medicine Section.

Initially published quarterly, the journal is now monthly. It is abstracted and indexed by PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL.

MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, or MEDLARS Online) is a bibliographic database of life sciences and biomedical information. It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic journals covering medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and health care. MEDLINE also covers much of the literature in biology and biochemistry, as well as fields such as molecular evolution.

Compiled by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), MEDLINE is freely available on the Internet and searchable via PubMed and NLM's National Center for Biotechnology Information's Entrez system.
Antoine Houbrechts
Antoine Houbrechts (born 6 September 1943) is a Belgian retired road racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 1965 and 1979. He won Tirreno–Adriatico in 1970, and rode the Tour de France five times.

Tirreno–Adriatico
Tirreno–Adriatico, nicknamed the "Race of the Two Seas", is an elite road cycling stage race in Italy, run between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts. Traditionally held in the early part of the season, and usually counter-programmed with the Paris-Nice/'Race to the Sun', it is considered to be an important preparation for the Giro d'Italia. It is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional men's races.

First held in 1966, the race was held over three stages. Since 2002 it is held over seven stages. Except for the first edition, the last stage has always finished in San Benedetto del Tronto on the Adriatic Seaside. Belgian Roger De Vlaeminck holds the record for most wins with six consecutive victories in the 1970s. Italian Francesco Moser also finished six times on the podium and won the race twice.
1918 New York gubernatorial election
The 1918 New York gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1918, to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York, concurrently with elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.

Al Smith, president of the New York City aldermen, was elected to the first of his four two-year terms as governor.

New York City Board of Aldermen
The New York City Board of Aldermen was a body that was the upper house of New York City's Common Council from 1824 to 1875, the lower house of its Municipal Assembly from 1898 to 1901, and its unicameral legislature from 1875 to 1897 and 1902 to 1937. The corresponding lower house was known as the Board of Assistants or the Board of Assistant Aldermen from 1824 to 1875, while the upper house was known as the Council from 1898 to 1901. In 1938 a new charter came into effect that replaced the Board of Aldermen with the New York City Council.
Stallofjellet
Stallofjellet is a mountain in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It reaches a height of 735 m.a.s.l. The mountain is located between the glaciers of Venernbreen, Stallobreen and Eidembreen, and has an extension of about three kilometers.

Stallofjellet is named after the stallo creature in Sami folklore.

Oscar II Land
Oscar II Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The 30 km (19 mi) long glacier Sveabreen divides Oscar II Land from James I Land.

The area is named after Oscar II of Sweden. Older name variants are Oscar II's Land and Terre Oscar II.

The Hofgaardtoppen mountain is the highest peak in Oscar II Land.
Oreophryne hypsiops
Oreophryne hypsiops is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to northern Papua New Guinea and is known the Adelbert Range westward, including the adjacent coastal areas, to the Schrader Range and further to Lumi in the West Sepik Province. Prior to its description, it was mixed with Oreophryne biroi.

Adelbert Range
Adelbert Range is a mountain range in Madang Province, north-central Papua New Guinea. The highest point of the mountains is at 1,716 metres (5,630 ft).

The Northern Adelbert languages and Southern Adelbert languages are spoken in the region.
Piedra Vista High School
Piedra Vista High School (PVHS) is a public high school in Farmington, New Mexico, founded in 1998. It is part of the Farmington Municipal School District.

PVHS is one of four high schools in Farmington and is located on the city's northeast side. The other high schools are Farmington High School, San Juan College High School, and Rocinante High School. PVHS' mascot is the Black Panther and its colors are navy blue, silver, and black. The two schools share Hutchison Stadium, located at Farmington High School, for home football games. Piedra Vista varsity baseball games are played at Ricketts Park in Farmington.

Navy blue
Navy blue is a dark shade of the color blue. The name navy blue originally referred to the color of uniforms worn by officers in the British navy. In the late 18th century, the British Royal Navy adopted the color for its sailors' uniforms, partly due to the practical reason that dark colors were less prone to showing dirt and wear during long sea voyages. The color became so associated with naval service that it came to be known simply as "navy blue."
2017 Canoe Slalom World Cup
The 2017 Canoe Slalom World Cup was a series of five races in canoe slalom organized by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 30th edition. Before the first World Cup race it was determined that the men's C2 class would be removed from the Olympic program. This resulted in a reduced number of participants in this event. The C2 mixed event was raced for the first time as part of the World Cup in Prague, though only 4 crews entered (3 of them Czech) and no points were awarded. The K1 cross was renamed as Extreme Kayak, but still no world cup points were awarded for the event.

International Canoe Federation
The International Canoe Federation (ICF) is the umbrella organization of all national canoe organizations worldwide. It is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, and administers all aspects of canoe sport worldwide. 157 countries are affiliated with the ICF after seven national federations were added at the 2008 ICF Congress in Rome.
'Amran
ʿAmrān (Arabic: عمران; Old South Arabian: 𐩲𐩣𐩧𐩬, romanized: ʿmrn) is a small city in western central Yemen. It is the capital of 'Amran Governorate, and was formerly part of Sana'a Governorate. It is located 52.9 kilometres (32.9 mi) by road northwest of the Yemeni capital of Sana'a, at the upper (southern) end of the al-Bawn plain. According to the 2004 census it had a population of 76,863, and an estimated population of 92,763 in 2013.

'Amran Governorate
ʽAmran (Arabic: عمران, romanized: ʽAmrān) is one of the governorates of Yemen. Located in the northwestern side of the country, it is controlled by the Houthi movement in the Yemeni civil war (2014–present).
Masaki Mimori
Masaki Mimori (三森 大貴, Mimori Masaki; born February 21, 1999, in Koshigaya, Saitama) is a Japanese professional baseball Infielder for the Yokohama DeNA BayStars of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He has previously played in NPB for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Monroe Expressway
The Monroe Expressway, designated U.S. Route 74 Bypass (US 74 Byp.), is a 18.68-mile (30.06 km) controlled-access toll road in Union County in the U.S. state of North Carolina, the first to be completed in the Charlotte area. It serves as a bypass of the communities of Indian Trail, Monroe, and Wingate for U.S. Route 74 (US 74), running generally parallel to the route.

Partial cloverleaf interchange
A partial cloverleaf interchange or parclo is a modification of a cloverleaf interchange.

The design, originally invented by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation has been well received, and has since become one of the most popular freeway-to-arterial interchange designs in North America. It has also been used occasionally in some European countries, such as Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
Surendra Singh Yadav
Surendra Singh Yadav is an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of 1997 batch. SS Yadav has served as the head and 6th DGP of Chandigarh Police from March 2024 to March 2025. Before this he was the DGP of Andaman and Nicobar Police

Andaman and Nicobar Police
The Andaman and Nicobar Police (A&N Police) is the law enforcement agency for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. A&N Police comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. The A&N Police has a sanctioned strength of 4130 posts of various ranks in Civil Police, Criminal Investigation Department, Immigration and Foreigners Branch, Motor Vehicle Section, Traffic branch, Security Unit, Forensic Science Laboratory, Finger Print Unit, Dog Squad, Special Armed Police, Armed Police, Island Communication, Fire Service Units and India Reserve Battalion.
Petersglocke
Petersglocke (pronounced [ˈpeːtɐsˌɡlɔkə]; English: "[Saint] Peter's bell"), commonly referred to as Dicker Pitter (German: [ˈdɪkɐ ˈpɪtɐ]; Kölsch: de Decke Pitter or de Dekke Pitter, pronounced [də ˌdêkə ˈpɪ̂tɐ] ⓘ, i.e. "Fat/Big Peter"), is the bourdon bell of Cologne Cathedral. It was cast in 1923 by Heinrich Ulrich in Apolda and hangs in the belfry of the south tower. With a weight of approximately 24,000 kilograms (53,000 lb), a clapper weighing about 700 kilograms (1,500 lb) and a diameter of 322 centimetres (10 ft 7 in), it is the second largest (horizontally mounted) freely swinging ringable bell in the world, after the bell of the People's Salvation Cathedral in Bucharest, Romania.

The bell is named after Saint Peter, one of Jesus's twelve apostles.

Bourdon (bell)
The bourdon is the heaviest of the bells that belong to a musical instrument, especially a chime or a carillon, and produces its lowest tone. The name derives from the French word for bumblebee.

Although carillons are by definition chromatic, the next bell up from the bourdon is traditionally a whole tone higher in pitch, leaving a semitone out of the instrument. Bells separated from the next higher note by more than two semitones (one whole tone) are called sub-bourdons.
May Green Hinckley
May Green Hinckley (May 1, 1881 – May 2, 1943) was the third Primary general president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1940 until her death. She was the stepmother of Gordon B. Hinckley, fifteenth president of the LDS Church.

Stepmother
A stepmother, stepmum or stepmom is a female non-biological parent married to one's preexisting parent.  Children from her spouse's previous unions are known as her stepchildren. A stepmother-in-law is a stepmother of one's spouse.
Rosenblumvirus
Rosenblumvirus (synonyms: AHJD-like viruses, Ahjdlikevirus) is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Rountreeviridae (formerly in Podoviridae), in the subfamily Rakietenvirinae (formerly Picovirinae). Gram positive bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 12 species in this genus.

Caudoviricetes
Caudoviricetes is a class of viruses known as tailed viruses and head-tail viruses (cauda is Latin for "tail"). It is the sole representative of its own phylum, Uroviricota (from ouros (ουρος), a Greek word for "tailed" + -viricota). Under the Baltimore classification scheme, the Caudoviricetes are group I viruses as they have double stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes, which can be anywhere from 18,000 base pairs to 500,000 base pairs in length. The virus particles have a distinct shape; each virion has an icosahedral head that contains the viral genome, and is attached to a flexible tail by a connector protein. The order encompasses a wide range of viruses, many containing genes of similar nucleotide sequence and function. However, some tailed bacteriophage genomes can vary quite significantly in nucleotide sequence, even among the same genus. Due to their characteristic structure and possession of potentially homologous genes, it is believed these viruses possess a common origin.
Byzantine–Hungarian War (1071–1072)
The Byzantine–Hungarian War (1071–1072) was the first of the series of wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. When Pechenegs crossed the Sava and stormed into Hungary, Solomon, King of Hungary and Duke Géza suspected that the soldiers of the Byzantine garrison at Belgrade incited the marauders against the kingdom. The Hungarians laid siege to Belgrade. In the next year, their army reached as far as Niš, taking advantage of the difficult political situation within the Byzantine Empire. Division of the war-booty caused a new conflict between Solomon and his cousins, Géza and Ladislaus, which made further war against the empire impossible.

Morava (river)
The Morava (German: March) is a river in Central Europe, a left tributary of the Danube. It is the main river of Moravia historical region in the Czech Republic, which derives its name from the river. The Morava originates on the Králický Sněžník mountain in the north-eastern corner of Pardubice Region, near the border between the Czech Republic and Poland and has a vaguely southward trajectory. The lower part of the river's course forms the border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia and then between Austria and Slovakia.
Nardus Williams
Nardus Williams is a British soprano singer born in Worcester, England.

Williams trained at the International Opera School of the Royal College of Music where she was the sole recipient of the Kiri Te Kanawa Foundation Scholarship.

Williams was a member of the Houston Opera Studio for the 2018/19 season and she is a former Jerwood Young Artist at Glyndebourne Festival Opera. She was an English National Opera Harewood Artist between 2019 and 2022.

Before attaining professional operatic roles, Williams was working as a steward at Opera Holland Park. Fellow soprano Susan Bullock mentioned to the Holland Park management that she had taught Williams in a masterclass a few days earlier. By the following season, Williams had commenced on the company's Young Artists Scheme.

Williams won the Rising Talent award at the 2022 International Opera Awards and was nominated for The Times Breakthrough Award at the 2022 South Bank Sky Arts Award.

Royal College of Music
The Royal College of Music (RCM) is a conservatoire established by royal charter in 1882, located in South Kensington, London, UK. It offers training from the undergraduate to the doctoral level in all aspects of Western Music including performance, composition, conducting, music theory and history, and has trained some of the most important figures in international music life. The RCM also conducts research in performance practice and performance science.

The RCM has over 900 students from more than 50 countries, with professors who include many who are musicians with worldwide reputations.

The college is one of the four conservatories of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music and a member of Conservatoires UK. Its buildings are directly opposite the Royal Albert Hall on Prince Consort Road, next to Imperial College and among the museums and cultural centres of Albertopolis.
Sauconite
Sauconite is a complex phyllosilicate mineral of the smectite clay group, formula Na0.3Zn3(SiAl)4O10(OH)2·4H2O. It forms soft earthy bluish white to red-brown monoclinic crystals typically massive to micaceous in habit. It has a Mohs hardness of 1 to 2 and a specific gravity of 2.45. Optically it is biaxial positive with refractive index values of nα = 1.550 – 1.580, nβ = 1.590 – 1.620 and nγ = 1.590 – 1.620.
It is found in vugs and seams in the oxidized zones of zinc and copper deposits.  It occurs in association with hemimorphite, smithsonite, chrysocolla, coronadite and various iron oxides.

It was named for the Saucon Valley in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania, where it was originally discovered in 1875.

Monoclinic crystal system
In crystallography, the monoclinic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems.  A crystal system is described by three vectors. In the monoclinic system, the crystal is described by vectors of unequal lengths, as in the orthorhombic system. They form a parallelogram prism. Hence two pairs of vectors are perpendicular (meet at right angles), while the third pair makes an angle other than 90°.