hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Backplate and wing
A backplate and wing (often abbreviated as BP&W or BP/W) is a type of scuba harness with an attached buoyancy compensation device (BCD) which can be used to establish neutral buoyancy underwater and positive buoyancy at the surface.

However,unlike most other BCDs, the backplate and wing is a modular system, in that it consists of separable components. The core components of this system are:

The backplate, a plate, usually made from stainless steel, sometimes aluminium or carbon fibre composite, which is held against the diver's back by the harness, and to which the diver's primary cylinder or cylinders are attached.

A harness, which attaches the system to the diver, and may support other accessories.

An inflatable buoyancy bladder known as a wing, between the backplate and the cylinder(s), used for adjusting the buoyancy of the diver when in the water.

A set of cambands or cylinder bands, to hold the cylinder(s) in place.

Neutral buoyancy
Neutral buoyancy occurs when an object's average density is equal to the density of the fluid in which it is immersed, resulting in the buoyant force balancing the force of gravity that would otherwise cause the object to sink (if the body's density is greater than the density of the fluid in which it is immersed) or rise (if it is less). An object that has neutral buoyancy will neither sink nor rise.

In scuba diving, the ability to maintain neutral buoyancy through controlled breathing, accurate weighting, and management of the buoyancy compensator is an important skill. A scuba diver maintains neutral buoyancy by continuous correction, usually by controlled breathing, as neutral buoyancy is an unstable condition for a compressible object in a liquid.
Pekka Hälvä
Pekka Juho (P. J.) Hälvä (7 December 1876 – 19 December 1944) was a Finnish schoolteacher and politician, born in Uukuniemi. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1913 to 1919, representing the Young Finnish Party until December 1918 and the National Progressive Party after that.

Uukuniemi
Uukuniemi is a former municipality of Finland.

It was located in the province of Southern Finland and was part of the South Karelia region. The municipality had a population of 502 (2004) and it covered an area of 156.58 km² of which 54.88 km² was water. The population density was 5.52 inhabitants per km². The village of Niukkala was the former administrative center of Uukuniemi. Uukuniemi was once the northernmost and the easternmost municipality of the Kymi province.

The municipality was unilingually Finnish. It was annexed with municipalities of Saari and Parikkala on January 1, 2005. The new municipality was named Parikkala.
Turkish wine
Turkish wine is wine made in the transcontinental state of Turkey. Viticulture in Anatolia dates back at least 7,000 to 9,000 years, placing the region alongside the Caucasus as one of the earliest centers of vine domestication.

Turkey is home to between 600 and 1,200 indigenous varieties of Vitis vinifera, though less than 60 of these are grown commercially. With approximately 410,000 to 505,000 hectares (1,010,000 to 1,250,000 acres) planted under vine, Turkey has the fifth-largest vineyard area in the world. However, only a small percentage of these grapes (estimated between 3% and 15%) are processed into wine; the majority are consumed as table grapes, dried as raisins, or distilled into rakı.

Modern Turkish winemaking has undergone a significant transformation since the 1990s, characterized by the privatization of the state monopoly Tekel, the emergence of boutique wineries, and a revival of indigenous grape varieties.

Narince (grape)
Narince is an indigenous Turkish white wine grape variety originating from Tokat Province in north-central Turkey. It is one of the country’s most important and widely planted native white grape varieties and is especially associated with the Yeşilırmak basin. Narince is primarily used in the production of dry white wines, though it is also valued for its suitability for oak aging and extended maturation.
Schist Lake (Manitoba)
Schist Lake is approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southeast of Flin Flon, Manitoba. The lake has a maximum depth of 30 metres (98 ft). It is composed of four main channels, the West Arm, Northwest Arm, Inlet Arm and Northeast Arm. It drains into Lake Athapapuskow via Schist Creek and is part of the Nelson River watershed. The Flin Flon/Channing Water Aerodrome is located on the north end of the Northwest Arm.

The name comes from the predominant type of metamorphic rock which surrounds the lake, part of the Canadian Shield. It was originally called Manistikiwan which is Cree for "Devil's Head Lake" This name was later applied to nearby Big Island Lake.

Nelson River
The Nelson River is a river of north-central North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The river drains Lake Winnipeg and runs 644 kilometres (400 mi) before it ends in Hudson Bay near Port Nelson. Its full length (including the Saskatchewan River and Bow River) is 2,575 kilometres (1,600 mi), it has mean discharge of 2,370 cubic metres per second (84,000 cu ft/s), and has a drainage basin of 1,072,300 square kilometres (414,000 sq mi), of which 180,000 square kilometres (69,000 sq mi) is in the United States.
Bakal-Milosav
Bakal-Milosav (Serbian: Бакал-Милосав; 1770–1823) was a Serb revolutionary, originally an immigrant grocery store owner who volunteered to join the Serbian rebel army in the First Serbian Uprising and fought mostly under the command of Luka Lazarević. His unit fought in West Serbia and by the Drina against the Ottoman Bosnian army, where he distinguished himself.

West Serbia (region)
West Serbia (Serbian: Западна Србија) refers to the western part of central Serbia including the area between the Sava river in the north, the Kolubara, Ljig and Dičina in the east, Western Pomoravlje and Stari Vlah in the south, and Drina in the west, encompassing roughly 6,500 square kilometres. The region is further divided into microregions such as Mačva, Posavina, Podrinje, Pocerina, Valjevska Podgorina, Jadar, Rađevina, Tamnava, Lešnica and Azbukovica.

Another interpretation includes the southwestern part of central Serbia, including the Raška macroregion (with Zlatibor).
WordDive
WordDive is an online language learning software and mobile application. Ten languages are currently offered: English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Russian, Spanish and Swedish.

Educational software
Educational software is a term used for any computer software that is made for an educational purpose. It encompasses different ranges from language learning software to classroom management software to reference software. The purpose of all this software is to make some part of education more effective and efficient.
Charles O'Flynn
Charles O'Flynn (1897–1964) was an American songwriter. He was active during the Tin Pan Alley era - specifically from 1921 to 1947.  One of O'Flynn's most famous lyrics was for the popular song "Smile, Darn Ya, Smile", which later appeared in Robert Zemeckis's Who Framed Roger Rabbit.

Smile, Darn Ya, Smile!
Smile, Darn Ya, Smile! is a 1931 American animated comedy film. It is the third title in the Merrie Melodies series featuring Foxy. It was released as early as August 15, 1931. It is directed by Rudolf Ising.

This is one of only three Merrie Melodies cartoons to star Foxy; the other two being Lady, Play Your Mandolin! and One More Time. Its plot resembles that of Trolley Troubles, a short featuring Oswald the Lucky Rabbit which Harman helped animated for Walt Disney.

A gag suggested by animator Bob Clampett for the film has characters from the trolley's parody advertising posters (Smith Brothers and others) humorously come to life and perform business. This joke would become a running gag across Merrie Melodies films, especially those with involvement from Clampett.
Dzinara Smolskaya
Dzinara Smolskaya (née Dzinara Talhatauna Alimbekava, Kazakh: Динара Талғатқызы Әлімбекова, romanized: Dinara Talğatkyzy Älimbekova, born 5 January 1996) is a Kazakhstan-born Belarusian biathlete. She won a gold medal in the 4×6 km relay at the 2018 Olympics. Alimbekava won her first IBU World Cup competition (a sprint) in Hochfilzen, Austria, in December 2020, and finished as the Under-25 Cup leader for the 2020-21 World Cup season.

Alimbekava was born in Kazakhstan to a Kazakh father and a Belarusian mother. When she was three years old, her family moved to Belarus, where her younger brother Zhenya was born. Dzinara is professionally trained in piano and skates and practices snowboarding in her free time.

In October 2022, Alimbekava revealed, via her Instagram account, that she had married fellow biathlete Anton Smolski on 10 January that year. She now competes under the name Dzinara Smolskaya.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
Sepid Persian Poetry
Sepid poetry (sepid, "white") or "White Poetry" is a free verse movement of Modern Persian poetry that departs from Classical Persian prosody and adopts "new content, viewpoint, and diction". Ahmad Shamloo is considered the founder of the White Poetry movement, which came to its mature form and general acceptance after Bijan Jalali.

For the last two decades of his life, Manouchehr Atashi was also involved in Sepid poetry.

Manouchehr Atashi
Manouchehr Atashi (September 25, 1931 – November 20, 2005; Persian: منوچهر آتشی) was a Persian poet, writer, and journalist of Kurdish descent.

He was born in 1931 in Dashtestan, Bushehr province. His poetry is the poetry of the revolting warrior of the humiliated southern tribesman. He takes his work seriously and although attached to his native birthplace his poems are universal scope. In his later works Atashi has relaxed his rhythm and has moved toward direct expression of emotion.
Islam in Afghanistan
Sunni Islam, mainly the Hanafi school, is the largest and the state religion of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Islam in Afghanistan began to be practiced after the Arab Islamic conquest of Afghanistan from the 7th to the 10th centuries, with the last holdouts to conversion submitting in the late 19th century. It was generally accepted by local communities as a replacement of Buddhism and Zoroastrianism, local tribes began converting to the new religion. Islam is the official state religion of Afghanistan, with approximately 99.7% of the Afghan population being Muslim. Roughly 85% practice Sunni Islam, while around 10% are Shias. Most Shias belong to the Twelver branch and only a smaller number follow Ismailism.

After the Islamic conquest of Persia was completed, the Muslim Arabs then began to move towards the lands east of Persia and in 652 captured Herat. By the end of the 10th century CE the Turkic Ghaznavids subdued Kabul Shahi kings.

Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia or Arab conquest of Iran occurred between 633 and 651, when the Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Sasanian Empire as part of the early Muslim conquests, which began under Muhammad in 622.
Mount Sheffield
Mount Sheffield (80°10′S 25°42′W﻿ / ﻿80.167°S 25.700°W﻿ / -80.167; -25.700) is a rocky mountain, 915 m, at the junction of Gordon and Slessor Glaciers on the north side of the Shackleton Range. It was first mapped in 1957 by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition and named for Alfred H. Sheffield, the chairman of the radio communications working group for the IGY, who was of great assistance in this field to the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1955–58.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Sheffield". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Shackleton Range
The Shackleton Range (80°30′S 25°00′W﻿ / ﻿80.500°S 25.000°W﻿ / -80.500; -25.000) is a mountain range in Antarctica that rises to 1,875 metres (6,152 ft) and extends in an east–west direction for about 100 miles (160 km) between the Slessor and Recovery Glaciers.
Vojta
Vojta (feminine: Vojtová) is a Czech surname. It is a pet form of the given name Vojtěch. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Vojta (born 1989), Austrian distance runner

Jakub Vojta (footballer) (born 1991), Czech footballer

Jakub Vojta (ice hockey) (born 1987), Czech ice hockey player

Jan Ignác František Vojta (c. 1657–1701), Czech composer

Jaroslav Vojta (1888–1970), Czech film actor

Josef Vojta (1935–2023), Czech footballer

Linda Vojtová (born 1985), Czech model

Matyáš Vojta (born 2004), Czech footballer

Paul Vojta (born 1957), American mathematician

Přemysl Vojta (born 1983), Czech horn player

Rudolf Vojta (1912–1984), Austrian ice hockey player

Václav Vojta (1917–2000), Czech doctor

Veronika Vojtová (born 1990), Czech slalom canoeist

Jan Ignác František Vojta
Jan Ignác František Vojta was a Czech composer (*1657-+12.5.1701) of Baroque music and a doctor of medicine.

Apart from notes in the university records, written in his own hand, we have no other primary source information about him. He lived in the Týn quarter in Old Town of Prague. In his day, he was a recognized composer with his own pupils. There is a knowledge only of 27 of his compositions, of which only seven survive – in Brno, Prague, Vienna, and Paris (in the “Codex Rost”).
2018 World Long Distance Mountain Running Championships
The 2018 World Long Distance Mountain Running Challenge was the 15th edition of the global Mountain running competition, World Long Distance Mountain Running Championships, organised by the World Mountain Running Association.

Mountain running
Mountain running is a sports discipline which takes place mainly off-road in mountainous terrain, but if there is significant elevation gain on the route, surfaced roads may be used. In this it differs from fell running; its courses are more clearly marked and avoid dangerous sections. It is a form of trail running if it is run on unpaved surfaces. Mountain running is a combination of running, jogging, and walking, depending on how steep the trail is.

It is recognized by World Athletics and governed by the World Mountain Running Association, which has been organising world championships since 1985.
Maya architecture
The Mayan architecture of the Maya civilization spans across several thousands of years, several eras of political change, and architectural innovation before the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Often, the buildings most dramatic and easily recognizable as creations of the Maya peoples are the step pyramids of the Terminal Preclassic Maya period and beyond. Based in general Mesoamerican architectural traditions, the Maya utilized geometric proportions and intricate carving to build everything from simple houses to ornate temples. This article focuses on the more well-known pre-classic and classic examples of Maya architecture. The temples like the ones at Palenque, Tikal, and Uxmal represent a zenith of Maya art and architecture. Through the observation of numerous elements and stylistic distinctions, remnants of Maya architecture have become an important key to understanding their religious beliefs and culture as a whole.

Step pyramid
A step pyramid or stepped pyramid is an architectural structure that uses flat platforms, or steps, receding from the ground up, to achieve a completed shape similar to a geometric pyramid. Step pyramids – typically large and made of several layers of stone – are found in several cultures throughout history, in several locations throughout the world, with no known connections between the different civilizations that built them. These independent adoptions of a similar design presumably emerged at least partly because step pyramids have a lower center of mass than would a structure with straight vertical sides and are thus inherently more stable.
Ahmet Mete Işıkara
Ahmet Mete Işıkara (22 October 1941 – 21 January 2013) was a Turkish geophysicist and earthquake scientist known for his efforts to create public awareness of the need for earthquake-related protection and safety.

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Pierre Valde
Pierre Valde, real name Pierre Duchemin, (25 November 1907 – 26 February 1977) was a French stage actor and theatre director. He was a dramaturge at the Théâtre de l'Atelier managed by Charles Dullin from 1933 to 1937 then established his own company, the Théâtre du Temps which was awarded the first prize of young companies for Œdipe by Georges Sonnier.

Théâtre Gramont
The théâtre Gramont was a theatre venue located at 30 rue de Gramont in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris.

René Dupuy was the managing director from 1954 to 1973. The place was transformed into a movie theatre (Le Gramont) in April 1974 then changed its name to Opéra Night in 1979 after one of its two scenes became a disco before the whole place definitively closed down in July 1987.
Shchelkin spiral
The Shchelkin spiral is a device that assists the transition from deflagration (subsonic combustion) to detonation in a pulse detonation engine. The spiral is named after Kirill Ivanovich Shchelkin, a Russian physicist who described it in his 1965 book Gas Dynamics of Combustion.

In pulse detonation engines, direct detonation of the combustible mixture can be relatively straightforward, but require more energy than when detonation is preceded by deflagration. The deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) must however occur within the length of the detonation tube, which can be solved by providing the Shchelkin spiral. The Shchelkin spiral acts as an obstacle by creating a partial blockage of the detonation tube, effectively shortening the distance along the detonation tube in which the transition occurs.

Deflagration
Deflagration  (Lat: de + flagrare, 'to burn down') is subsonic combustion in which a pre-mixed flame propagates through an explosive or a mixture of fuel and oxidizer. Deflagrations in high and low explosives or fuel–oxidizer mixtures may transition to a detonation depending upon confinement and other factors. Most fires found in daily life are diffusion flames. Deflagrations with flame speeds in the range of 1 m/s differ from detonations which propagate supersonically with detonation velocities in the range of km/s.
Philippe Quémerais
Philippe Quémerais (born 2 July 1971 in Rennes) is a French slalom canoeist who competed in the 1990s and 2000s.

He won two medals in the C2 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold in 2002 and a bronze in 1999. He also has two silvers and two bronzes from the same event from the European Championships.

Quémerais finished fifth in the C2 event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. His partner in the boat throughout his career was Yann Le Pennec.

His partner in the boat throughout the whole of his career was Yann Le Pennec.

2002 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2002 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Bourg St.-Maurice, France under the auspices of International Canoe Federation for the record-tying third time. It was the 27th edition. Bourg St.-Maurice hosted the championships previously in 1969 and 1987, and matches the times hosted by Spittal, Austria (1963, 1965, 1977) and Meran, Italy (1953, 1971, 1983). Beginning at these championships, this event would be held on an annual basis in non-Summer Olympic years. The 2001 championships were scheduled to take place in Ducktown, Tennessee (East of Chattanooga) in September that year on the canoe slalom course used for the 1996 Summer Olympics in neighboring Atlanta, but were cancelled in the wake of the September 11 attacks.
Ion Cernea
Ion Cernea (21 October 1933 – 30 June 2025) was a Romanian bantamweight Greco-Roman wrestler. Between 1960 and 1965 he earned two Olympic (a Silver in 1960 in Rome and a Bronze in 1964 in Tokyo) and two world championship medals, winning the world title in 1965. He retired the same year to become a wrestling coach and international referee, and was present in this capacity at all major international wrestling competitions between 1972 and 1988.

Cernea was married to the singer Irina Loghin; they had a son and a daughter. He died on 30 June 2025, at the age of 91.

Wrestling at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman bantamweight
The men's Greco-Roman bantamweight competition at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome took place from 26 to 31 August at the Basilica of Maxentius. Nations were limited to one competitor. Bantamweight was the second-lightest category, including wrestlers weighing 52 to 57 kilograms (114.6 to 125.7 lb).
Nephronophthisis
Nephronophthisis is a genetic disorder of the kidneys which affects children. It is classified as a medullary cystic kidney disease. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion and, although rare, is the most common genetic cause of childhood kidney failure. It is a form of ciliopathy. Its incidence has been estimated to be 0.9 cases per million people in the United States, and 1 in 50,000 births in Canada.

Retinopathy
Retinopathy is any damage to the retina of the eyes, which may cause vision impairment. Retinopathy often refers to retinal vascular disease, or damage to the retina caused by abnormal blood flow. Age-related macular degeneration is technically included under the umbrella term retinopathy but is often discussed as a separate entity. Retinopathy, or retinal vascular disease, can be broadly categorized into proliferative and non-proliferative types. Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease as seen in diabetes or hypertension. Diabetes is the most common cause of retinopathy in the U.S. as of 2008. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged people. It accounts for about 5% of blindness worldwide and is designated a priority eye disease by the World Health Organization.
Rattowal, Pakistan
Rattowal is a village of Mandi Bahauddin District of Punjab, Pakistan with a population of approximately 10,000 people. Situated in northern Punjab, the village lies between the cities of Mandi Bahauddin and Phalia - about 18 km (11 mi) from Mandi Bahauddin, 7 km (4.3 mi) from Phalia, 45 km (28 mi) from Malakwal and roughly 80 km (50 mi) from Salam interchange on M2 Motorway. Rattowal is located at an altitude of 218 m (715 ft) above sea level.

Mandi Bahauddin District
Mandi Bahauddin (Punjabi and Urdu: ضلع منڈی بہاء الدین) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

Located in central Punjab, the district is bordered on the northwest by the Jhelum River, on the southeast by the Chenab River (which separates it from Gujranwala and Gujrat districts), and on the southwest by Sargodha District. The district has an area of 2,673 square kilometres (1,032 sq mi). Mandi district currently has a population of 1.5 million people, according to the 2023 census. In 1998, it had a population of 1.16 million people.