hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bunching
Bunching can refer to:

Bunching (mathematics), also known as Muirhead's inequality.

Bunching (animals), the practice of stealing pets for laboratories.

Bus bunching, two or more transit vehicles running together despite evenly spaced scheduling

Photon bunching, in physics, the statistical tendency for photons to arrive simultaneously at a detector

Within the Wikipedia community it can also refer to:

A term for section edit buttons showing up after images or textboxes—see Wikipedia:How to fix bunched-up edit links.

Laboratory animal sources
Animals used by laboratories for testing purposes are largely supplied by dealers who specialize in selling them to universities, medical and veterinary schools, and companies that provide contract animal-testing services. It is comparatively rare that animals are procured from sources other than specialized dealers, as this poses the threat of introducing disease into a colony and confounding any data collected. However, suppliers of laboratory animals may include breeders who supply purpose-bred animals, businesses that trade in wild animals, and dealers who supply animals sourced from pounds, auctions, and newspaper ads. Animal shelters may also supply the laboratories directly. Some animal dealers, termed Class B dealers, have been reported to engage in kidnapping pets from residences or illegally trapping strays, a practice dubbed as bunching.
Beatriz Argimón
Beatriz Argimón Cedeira (born 14 August 1961) is a Uruguayan politician and notary of the National Party who served as the 18th vice president of Uruguay from 2020 to 2025, being the first woman to be elected in that position.

After graduating from the University of the Republic in 1989 with a degree in notarization, she also studied human rights, family law, and juvenile law. She served as a National Representative for the Montevideo Department between 2000 and 2010, and has been a member of the National Party Board since 2009. She is also a member of the executive committee of the Inter-Parliamentary Union since November 2020. She is an activist for women's rights, and was one of the founders of the "Network of Political Women" and of the "Bicameral Female Caucus" of the General Assembly.

Juvenile law
Juvenile law pertains to those who are deemed to be below the age of majority, which varies by country and culture. Usually, minors are treated differently under the law. However, even minors may be prosecuted as adults.
Tapiphyllum
Tapiphyllum was a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae but is no longer recognized. In 2005, a molecular phylogenetic study showed that the type species, Tapiphyllum cinerascens, is more closely related to Vangueria than to Tapiphyllum obtusifolium and Tapiphyllum velutinum. It is not clear whether the latter two species are really separate from Vangueria. All the species of Tapiphyllum have been sunk into synonymy with Vangueria.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Joona Riekkinen
Joona Riekkinen (born March 5, 1999) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for Ässät of the Finnish Liiga.

Riekkinen made his Liiga debut with KalPa on October 13, 2017 against KooKoo, his only game of the 2017–18 Liiga season. He then played thirteen games during the 2018–19 Liiga season and scored his first goal on October 10, 2018 against SaiPa.

SaiPa
Saimaan Pallo (SaiPa) is an ice hockey team in the Finnish Liiga. They play their home games at Kisapuisto in Lappeenranta, Finland.
SaiPa has many nicknames, such as "The Sputniks", "Sputnik", "Miracle of the East" and "Eastern Giant."

SaiPa play home games in the yellow shirt, black pants, yellow socks, and a black helmet. 
SaiPa play away games in mostly the same uniform as the home games, but also have a black version of the jersey.
Peter MacNutt
Peter MacNutt (5 April 1834 – 24 October 1919) was a merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island.

He served as a member of the Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island from 1882 to 1886 and from 1890 to 1893. He represented 4th Prince in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1897 to 1900, and 3rd Prince from 1900 to 1908, as a Liberal member.

He was born in Darnley, Prince Edward Island, the son of Peter S. MacNutt, a former member of the Legislative Council, and was educated there and at the Central Academy (later Prince of Wales College). He served as a commissioner of small debts and as coroner for Prince County for 43 years. MacNutt was county sheriff from 1875 to 1877. In 1861, he married Anna Stewart MacNutt. With Dugalt S. MacNutt, he established a general store at Malpeque, becoming sole owner in 1888 after his partner's death.

3rd Prince
3rd Prince was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993.

The district comprised the eastern central portion of Prince County. It was abolished in 1996.
4th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Confederate)
The 4th Arkansas Infantry (August 17, 1861 – April 26, 1865) was a Confederate States Army infantry regiment from the state of Arkansas during the American Civil War. The 4th Arkansas served throughout the war in the western theater, seeing action in the Kentucky, Tennessee and Georgia campaigns. Following its depletion in numbers the regiment was consolidated several times with other Arkansas regiments, finally merging in 1865 into the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Mounted Rifles. Another Arkansas unit also had the designation 4th Arkansas, the 4th Regiment, Arkansas State Troops which participated in the Battle of Wilson's Creek, but was never transferred to Confederate Service. There is no connection between the two units.

Confederate Heartland Offensive
The Confederate Heartland Offensive (August 14 – October 10, 1862), also known as the Kentucky Campaign,  was an American Civil War campaign conducted by the Confederate States Army in Tennessee and Kentucky where Generals Braxton Bragg and Edmund Kirby Smith tried to draw neutral Kentucky into the Confederacy by outflanking Union troops under Major General Don Carlos Buell. Though they scored some successes, notably a tactical win at Perryville, they soon retreated, leaving Kentucky primarily under Union control for the rest of the war.
Floreffe
Floreffe (French pronunciation: [flɔ.ʁɛf]; Walloon: Florefe) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

On 1 January 2012 the municipality had 7,883 inhabitants. The total area is 38.89 km2, giving a population density of 203 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts:  Floreffe, Floriffoux, Franière, and Soye.

In 1977, the newly expanded (thus newly adjoining) municipality of Profondeville was given Lakisse, an area in the southeast of the original Floreffe.

Floreffe is best known as the location of Floreffe Abbey, founded in the 12th century and suppressed during the French Revolution.

Namur Province
Namur (French: [namyʁ] ⓘ; Walloon: Nameur; Dutch: Namen [ˈnaːmə(n)] ⓘ) is a province of Wallonia, one of the three regions of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the West) on the Walloon provinces of Hainaut, Walloon Brabant, Liège and Luxembourg in Belgium, and the French department of Ardennes. Its capital and largest city is the city of Namur. As of January 2024, the province of Namur has a population of about 0.5 million.
Ram Charan (guru)
Ram Charan (Hindi: राम चारण) (1720–1799))  is the Rajasthani Hindu guru, inspirator of a religious tradition called  Ramsnehi Sampradaya or Ramdwara. He initiated and illustrated Nirguna (absolute) Bhakti, although he was not against Saguna Bhakti. He initiated and tried to eliminate "show", blind faith, hypocrisy and misled existing in the Hindu religion and preferred to worship the 'name of God', Rama, over God, to not get involved in false "show" activities.

Rajasthani peoples
The Rajasthani peoples or Rajasthanis are a group of Indo-Aryan peoples native to Rajasthan ("the land of kings"), a state in Northern India. Their languages, Rajasthani, is a part of the western group of Indo-Aryan languages.
Saban Building
The Saban Building, formerly the May Company Building, on Wilshire Boulevard in the Miracle Mile district of Los Angeles, is a celebrated example of Streamline Moderne architecture. The building's architect Albert C. Martin, Sr., also designed the Million Dollar Theater and Los Angeles City Hall. The May Company Building is a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument. The building was operated as a May Company department store from 1939 until the store's closure in 1992, when May merged with J. W. Robinson's to form Robinsons-May. The building has been the home of the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures since 2021.

The Los Angeles Conservancy calls it "the grandest example of Streamline Moderne remaining in Los Angeles". It is especially noted for its gold-tiled cylindrical section that faces the intersection of Wilshire Boulevard at Fairfax Avenue, of which it occupies the northeast corner.

Million Dollar Theatre
The Million Dollar Theatre at 307 S. Broadway in Downtown Los Angeles is one of the first movie palaces built in the United States. It opened in 1917 with the premiere of William S. Hart's The Silent Man. It's the northernmost of the collection of historical movie palaces in the Broadway Theater District and stands directly across from the landmark Bradbury Building. The theater is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
Craig Besinque
Craig Besinque (born 1946) is a wargame designer from British Columbia, Canada, who grew up in Arcadia, California. Most of his games are block wargames which have World War II as a theme. In 1991, his game East Front, co-designed with Tom Dalgliesh, won the Charles S. Roberts Award for Best World War Two Game, a James F. Dunnigan Award for playability and design, and the Origins Award for best Modern-era wargame. His game Triumph & Tragedy was the runner-up for the best 2015 Golden Geek Wargame. His other popular games have included Rommel in the Desert and Hellenes: Campaigns of the Peloponnesian War.

Charles S. Roberts Award
The Charles S. Roberts Awards (or CSR Awards) is an annual award for excellence in manual, tabletop games, with a focus on "conflict simulations", which includes simulations of military and non-military conflicts. From its founding in 1975 through 2021, the award was almost exclusively focused on historical wargaming, changing to a broader "conflict simulations" in award year 2022 (calendar year 2023).

It is named in honor of Charles S. Roberts the "Father of Wargaming" who founded Avalon Hill. The award is informally called a "Charlie" and officially called a "Charles S. Roberts Award". The Wargamer magazine called it "very prestigious". The award is managed by the Charles S. Roberts Award Committee, which has no commercial sponsorship, and includes designers, writers and hobbyists. It is a "people's award" with winners chosen through votes submitted by fans.

It is considered the most important award in the field of wargames.
Sonay Adem
Sonay Adem (1957, in Paphos – 29 October 2018) was a Turkish Cypriot politician. He served as the Minister for Labor and Social Security in the Cabinet of Northern Cyprus under Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer. He was confirmed in his office (in the 20th TRNC Government) in April 2005 and served until 2009. He was a member of the Republican Turkish Party until his resignation, after which he joined the Communal Liberation Party-New Forces in January 2017. He has done extensive work on curbing illegal immigration to the island, as well as immigration reform, in conjunction with organisations such as the Union of Construction Sector Contractors.

Council of Ministers (Northern Cyprus)
The Council of Ministers (Turkish: Bakanlar Kurulu) is the executive branch of the government of the unrecognized state Northern Cyprus, consisting of ministers. The council is chaired by the prime minister of Northern Cyprus and the ministers head executive departments of the government. The president of Northern Cyprus reserved the right to chair the Council of Ministers, albeit without voting. The maximum number of ministries, as defined by the constitution, is ten.

The Council of Ministers is appointed by the prime minister, and the program of the government needs to be read out in the Assembly of the Republic within a week of the appointment. The cabinet then needs to receive a vote of confidence by the majority of the members of the Assembly. A vote of no confidence can be initiated after three months has elapsed, by nine members of the Assembly.
Rajadhi Raja Raja Kulothunga Raja Marthanda Raja Gambeera Kathavaraya Krishna Kamarajan
Rajadhi Raja Raja Kulothunga Raja Marthanda Raja Gambeera Kathavaraya Krishna Kamarajan also known by the initialism RRRKRMRGKK, is a 1993 Indian Tamil-language action film written and directed by Balu Anand. The film stars Mansoor Ali Khan and Nandhini, with Napoleon, Srihari, Uday Prakash, Nagesh, Jai Ganesh, Vennira Aadai Moorthy, and S. S. Chandran playing supporting roles. It was released on 24 June 1993. This is the longest film title ever in Tamil cinema.

Napoleon (actor)
Kumaresan Duraisamy (born 2 December 1963), known professionally by his stage name Napoleon, is an Indian actor, entrepreneur and former politician. He was the Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment in Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's cabinet. He has acted predominately in Tamil films apart from some Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and English movies.
Hazel Walford Davies
Hazel Walford Davies (1940 – 21 November 2025) was a Welsh academic and writer. She was a lecturer at Aberystwyth University, where she became a professor, and was chair of the management board of the Centre for Higher Education from 2006 to 2011, which led to the creation of the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol. She was visiting professor of Literary, Cultural and Theatre Studies, University of South Wales.

Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth University (Welsh: Prifysgol Aberystwyth) is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales. Aberystwyth was a founding member institution of the former federal University of Wales. The university has over 8,000 students studying across three academic faculties and 17 departments.

Founded in 1872 as University College Wales, Aberystwyth, it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894, and changed its name to the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. In the mid-1990s, the university again changed its name to become the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. On 1 September 2007, the University of Wales ceased to be a federal university and Aberystwyth University became independent again. The annual income of the institution for 2024–2025 was £124.8 million of which £19.2 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £130.3 million.
Linwood Historic District (Linwood, Maryland)
Linwood Historic District is a national historic district at Linwood, Carroll County, Maryland, United States.  The district includes a mixture of railway structures (grain elevator, freight station, site of demolished Western Maryland Railway station), community structures (general stores, post office, church, Sunday School hall/schoolhouse, site of blacksmith shop) and residences with rural dependencies (smokehouses, ice houses, windmills, sub-cellars). They date to the 19th and early-20th century and most structures relate to Linwood's role as a rail depot for the transportation of farm goods and supplies.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Western Maryland Railway
The Western Maryland Railway (reporting mark WM) nicknamed the Wild Mary was a small American Class I railroad (1852–1983) that operated in 3 US States, Maryland (Western Region), West Virginia (Eastern Region), and Pennsylvania (Southern Region) around the Allegheny Regions of the Appalachian Mountains with its headquarters in Baltimore, Maryland. It was primarily a coal hauling and freight railroad, with a small passenger train operation until 1958 when the WM discontinued all of its passenger service.

The WM became a property of the Chessie System holding company in 1973, although it continued independent operations until May 1975 after which many of its lines were abandoned in favor of parallel Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) lines.

In 1983, it was fully merged into the B&O, which later was also merged with the former Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) into the Chessie System in 1987, which then merged with the Seaboard System to form CSX Transportation.
Boshra Salem
Boshra Salem is a professor, founder and the Chair of the Department of Environmental Sciences at Alexandria University in  Alexandria, Egypt. She is president of Unesco's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) International Coordinating Council (ICC) and serves on the International Council for Science (ICSU)'s Committee for Scientific Planning & Review. She has received a number of awards, including being recognized as an outstanding female scientist in the Women in Science Hall of Fame by the Embassy of the United States in Cairo, Egypt.

Man and the Biosphere Programme
The Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an intergovernmental scientific program, launched in 1970 by UNESCO, that aims to establish a scientific basis for the 'improvement of relationships' between people and their environments.

MAB engages with the international development agenda, especially the Sustainable Development Goals and the Post 2015 Development Agenda. The MAB programme provides a platform for cooperation in research and development. As of July 2024, 759 sites across 136 countries, including 22 transboundary sites, have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.  The reserves cover more than 5% of the world’s surface and are home to over 260 million people.
Fayed
Fayed (Arabic: فايد), or Al-Fayed with the definite article al- (Arabic: الفايد), is a surname.  People with the name include:

Mohamed Al-Fayed (1929–2023), Egyptian business magnate
Dodi Fayed (1955–1997), his son, died with Diana, Princess of Wales

Ayman al-Fayed (1965–2008), Palestinian militant

Guillermo Fayed (born 1985), French World Cup alpine ski racer and soldier

Omar Fayed, environmentalist and publisher

Places with this name include:

Fayed, a city in Egypt

Dodi Fayed
Emad El-Din Mohamed Abdel Mena'em "Dodi" Fayed (/ˈfaɪ.ɛd/ FY-ed; 15 April 1955 – 31 August 1997) was an Egyptian film producer and the eldest child of the businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed. He was romantically involved with Diana, Princess of Wales, when they both died in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997.
Debra Titone
Debra Titone is a cognitive psychologist known for her research on bilingualism and multilingualism. She is currently a Professor of Psychology and a chair holder of Canada Research in Language & Multilingualism at McGill University. Titone is a founding member and officer of the professional society, Women in Cognitive Science. She and her colleagues have written about gender disparities in opportunities, along with the advancement of women the field of cognitive science, with specific reference to Canada.

Titone is a Fellow of the Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Science (CSBBCS) and, in 2019, she received their Richard C. Tees Distinguished Leadership Award. Previous honors included the SWAP Feminist Mentoring Award from the Canadian Psychological Association, awarded to Titone in 2017.

Gender inequality
Gender inequality is the social phenomenon in which people are not treated equally on the basis of gender. This inequality can be caused by gender discrimination or sexism. The treatment may arise from distinctions regarding biology, psychology, or cultural norms prevalent in the society. These distinctions are foremost grounded in social constructs. While current policies around the world cause inequality among individuals, it is women who are most affected. Gender inequality weakens women in many areas such as health, education, and business life. Studies show the different experiences of genders across many domains including education, life expectancy, personality, interests, family life, careers, and political affiliation. Gender inequality is experienced differently across different cultures.
Mirage (M. Pokora song)
"Mirage" is a song performed by French singer M. Pokora. It was written by Pokora and co-written and produced by Gee Futuristic.  It serves as the second single from Pokora's fourth studio album Mise à Jour. It was released on November 22, 2010.

Mise à jour
Mise à jour is the fourth studio album by French singer M. Pokora, released on 23 August 2010. The lead single "Juste une photo de toi" was released on June 7.

The second French edition of the album entitled Mise à Jour Version 2.0 provided another single, "À nos actes manqués", which achieved success in France and Belgium.

The international edition of Mise à Jour entitled Updated contains English versions of the album and was released on 14 March 2011.
Dermot O'Leary
Dermot O'Leary (born Seán Dermot Fintan O'Leary, Jr., 24 May 1973) is a British and Irish broadcaster. He currently co-presents ITV's This Morning on Fridays, school holidays and bank holidays alongside Alison Hammond. He presented the talent show competition The X Factor on ITV from 2007 until its final series in 2018, with the exception of 2015.

O'Leary began his radio career working as a disc jockey at Essex Radio. From 2001 to 2003, he was a presenter for London's indie rock station XFM. O'Leary joined BBC Radio 2 in 2004 and currently presents the Saturday morning breakfast show and since April 2022 Alternative Sounds of the 90's.

Heart Essex (Chelmsford & Southend)
Heart Essex (formerly Essex Radio and then Essex FM) was an Independent Local Radio station, serving the county of Essex and parts of East Hertfordshire. It was launched on 12 September 1981, broadcasting from Southend-on-Sea and since 27 October 2004 from Chelmsford, both in Essex.
I Met You When I Was 18 (The Playlist)
I Met You When I Was 18 (The Playlist) (stylized as I met you when I was 18. (the playlist)) is the debut compilation album by American singer-songwriter Lauv. It was released on May 31, 2018 by AWAL. The singer describes the album as a "playlist".

The album debuted at number 50 on the US Billboard 200 with 11,000 album equivalent units.

AWAL
AWAL (an initialism of Artists Without a Label) is a global recording business that serves as an alternative to the traditional record label, offering deal structures that provide artists with the resources and expertise of a global label while allowing them to retain ownership and control of their music.

Since 2021, AWAL has been owned by Sony Music, following its acquisition from Kobalt Music Group for $430 million.