hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adat
Adat (Arabic: عادات;  Avar: Адат; Bengali: আদত; Chagatay: ئادەت; Chechen: Адат; Lezgian: Адат; Malay: عادت; Pashto: عادت; Serbian: адет adet; Urdu: عادت) is a generic term derived from Arabic to describe a variety of local customary practices and traditions deemed compatible with Islam as observed by Muslim communities in the Balkans, North Caucasus, Central, South, and Southeast Asia. Despite its Arabic origin, the term adat resonates deeply throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, where due to colonial influence, its usage has been systematically institutionalised into various non-Muslim communities. Within the region, the term refers, in a broader sense, to the customary norms, rules, interdictions, and injunctions that guide individuals' conduct as members of the community and the sanctions and forms of address by which these norms and rules are upheld. Adat also includes the set of local and traditional laws and dispute resolution systems by which these societies are regulated.

Avar language
Avar (авар мацӏ, avar maⱬ [ʔaˈwar mat͡sʼː] or магӏарул мацӏ, maⱨarul maⱬ [maʕarul mat͡sʼː], 'language of the mountains'), also known as Avaric, is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Avar–Andic subgroup that is spoken by Avars, primarily in Dagestan. In 2010, there were approximately one million speakers in Dagestan and elsewhere in Russia.
Chad Wingard
Chad Jordan Wingard (born 29 July 1993) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Port Adelaide Football Club and the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was drafted to Port Adelaide with the sixth selection in the 2011 AFL draft from the Sturt Football Club in the South Australian Football League (SANFL).

Showdown Medal
The Showdown Medal is the medal awarded to the player adjudged best on ground in the Showdown AFL match between Adelaide and Port Adelaide. It is thus similar to the Glendinning–Allan Medal awarded in Western Derby games. However, no medal is awarded if the teams meet in a final, as they did in 2005.

The Showdown Medal was first presented in Showdown VII, Round 7, 2000, although in 2025 retrospective Showdown Medals were awarded by the clubs to players adjudged best on ground in the six Showdowns before the first medal was awarded. It also was formerly known as the "West End Medal", but is currently sponsored by Balfours.

For Showdown 39 in Round 16, 2015, the Showdown Medal was named the Phillip Walsh Medal, after the late Adelaide coach Phil Walsh.
Lists of places in Antarctica
Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth. While Antarctica has never had a permanent human population, it has been explored by various groups, and many locations on and around the continent have been described. This page lists notable places in and immediately surrounding the Antarctic continent, including geographic features, bodies of water, and human settlements.

Marie Byrd Land
Marie Byrd Land (MBL) is an unclaimed region of Antarctica. With an area of 1,610,000 km2 (620,000 sq mi), it is the largest unclaimed territory on Earth. It was named after the wife of American naval officer Richard E. Byrd, who explored the region in the early 20th century.

The territory lies in West Antarctica, east of the Ross Ice Shelf and the Ross Sea and south of the Pacific Ocean portion of the Antarctic or Southern Ocean, extending eastward approximately to a line between the head of the Ross Ice Shelf and Eights Coast. It stretches between 158°W and 103°24'W. The inclusion of the area between the Rockefeller Plateau and Eights Coast is based upon Byrd's exploration.
Champagne unit
A champagne unit is a US military unit staffed by celebrities or people from wealthy or politically powerful families. Such units had often been part of the National Guard, and assigned to lower-risk duty inside the United States. The term is pejorative, with the connotation that such units were havens for those with connections who wished to avoid conscription into more dangerous duty while still gaining the prestige afforded in the United States to military service. Over a century earlier, such a unit was called a silk-stocking regiment after the New York's 7th Regiment, whose well-off members built their own armory, the Seventh Regiment Armory on the Upper East Side of Manhattan.

Upper East Side
The Upper East Side (sometimes abbreviated UES) is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded approximately by 96th Street to the north, the East River to the east, 59th Street to the south, and Central Park and Fifth Avenue to the west. The neighborhood area incorporates several smaller neighborhoods, including Lenox Hill, Carnegie Hill, and Yorkville. Once known as the Silk Stocking District, it has long been the wealthiest neighborhood in New York City.

The Upper East Side is part of Manhattan Community District 8, and its primary ZIP Codes are 10021, 10028, 10065, 10075, and 10128. It is patrolled by the 19th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.
Ireen van den Assem
Ireen Maria Regine van den Assem (born 9 February 1990) is a Dutch field hockey player who plays as a defender for Den Bosch and the Dutch national team.

She participated in the 2018 Women's Hockey World Cup.

HC 's-Hertogenbosch
Hockeyclub 's-Hertogenbosch, also known as Den Bosch, is a Dutch professional field hockey club based in 's-Hertogenbosch, North Brabant. It was founded on 14 July 1937.

The first teams (men and women) both compete on the highest level of the Dutch field hockey league, the Hoofdklasse. HC 's-Hertogenbosch won the title in 1998 and 2001. The women's team reign since 1998, winning a record number of nineteen titles in 21 years since then.
Prix Constantin
The Prix Constantin is an annual French music prize awarded to the best album of an artist who has come to prominence during the course of the past year. It was inaugurated in 2002, following the example of the Mercury Music Prize, as an attempt to bring to light artists who have not had major media coverage ("the talents of today and tomorrow"). It is therefore open to individuals or groups who have not yet had a gold album, with the exception of the nominated album. Its basic purpose is to help  newer artists who are not very popular to gain publicity. All albums produced in France in the past year are admissible, without restriction on the nationality or language of expression of the artist. The winner is decided by a jury, headed by a musician, which contains representatives from the press, radio, television and record stores.

The Prix Constantin is named after the record industry figure Philippe Constantin, who died in 1996.

Radio industry
The "radio industry" is a generic term for any companies or public service providers who are involved with the broadcast of radio stations or ancillary services.

Radio broadcasters can be broken into at least two different groups:

Public service broadcasters are funded in whole or in part through public money. This may be through money received directly from the government, or, as in the UK, through a license fee. The license fee is typically protected by law and set by the government, and is required for any household which contains equipment which can be used to receive a TV signal.

Commercial broadcasters (also called Independent Local Radio in the UK) are largely funded through the sales of advertising spots on their radio station. Commercial stations are often quite local, and may have some public service commitments within their permit.
Tun Fatimah-class offshore patrol vessel
The Tun Fatimah class is a series of offshore patrol vessels (OPVs) built by the Malaysian company THHE-Destini with the assistance of Damen company from the Netherlands based on the design of the Damen 1800-class OPV vessel. THHE-Destini is a joint venture between two local companies, which are THHE and the Bagan Datuk-class patrol vessel builder, Destini Berhad. The class is also known as the Damen 1800-class offshore patrol vessel and the class changed names after the first ship of the class, KM Tun Fatimah. A total of three ships of this class are planned to be built. Due to delays in the project, the Malaysian government has appointed a new builder, Shin Yang, to complete the remaining ships.

Shin Yang Group
Shin Yang Group (Shin Yang or SY) is a multinational conglomerate in Malaysia headquartered in Miri, Sarawak. Established on 24 February 1983, Shin Yang owned subsidiaries with various business activities such as timber, shipping and shipbuilding, property development and civil engineering, plantations, service and support.
The Boy Who Cried Terrified
The Boy Who Cried Terrified (stylized as The Boy who cried Terrified .) is an extended play (EP) by the English rapper, Fakemink, released under EtnaVeraVela. It was released on his birthday, January 26, 2026, as a bridge between his 2026 album, titled Terrified. It is a seven-track EP which features production from Cranes, Liv, Moustafax2, Wraith9, and Fakemink himself.

Birthday
A birthday is the anniversary of the birth of a person or the figurative birth of an institution. Birthdays of people are celebrated in numerous cultures, often with birthday gifts, birthday cards, a birthday party, or a rite of passage.

Many religions celebrate the birth of their founders or religious figures with special holidays (e.g. Christmas, Mawlid, Buddha's Birthday, Krishna Janmashtami, and Gurpurb).

There is a distinction between birthday and birthdate (also known as date of birth): the former, except for February 29, occurs each year (e.g. January 15), while the latter is the complete date when a person was born (e.g. January 15, 2001).
Censorship in Kashmir
Censorship in Kashmir involves the censorship of both news media and social media as part of the Kashmir conflict.

According to the Software Freedom Law Center, the internet in Kashmir was blocked at least 31 times from 2012 to 2016.

Software Freedom Law Center
The Software Freedom Law Center (SFLC) is an organization that provides pro bono legal representation and related services to not-for-profit developers of free software/open source software.  It was launched in February 2005 with Eben Moglen as chairman.  Initial funding of US$4 million was pledged by Open Source Development Labs.

A news article stated:

Moglen expects — in fact, plans for — a large turnover in the staff. After five years, he anticipates 20 to 30 lawyers will have passed through the Center. By the time these alumni move on, Moglen hopes that its members will have the expertise to advise both communities and corporations alike. It will also create a loose association whose members can consult with each other as necessary.
Trigonella suavissima
Trigonella suavissima  is a herbaceous plant that is endemic to Australia. It is a member of the genus Trigonella and the family Fabaceae. Common names include Cooper clover, Menindee clover, calomba, Darling trigonella, sweet fenugreek, channel clover, sweet-scented clover and Australian shamrock.

The species was formally described by English botanist John Lindley, based on plant material collected during an expedition by Thomas Mitchell.

Chickpea
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram, Bengal gram, chana dal (চানা ডাল), garbanzo, garbanzo bean, or Egyptian pea. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes, the oldest archaeological evidence of which was found in Syria.

Chickpeas are high in protein. The chickpea is a key ingredient in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, used in hummus, and, when soaked and coarsely ground with herbs and spices, then made into patties and fried, falafel. As an important part of Indian cuisine, it is used in salads, soups, stews, and curries. In 2023, India accounted for 75% of global chickpea production.
Kebdana
The Kebdana or Ichebdanen (Berber: ⵉⵛⴱⴷⴰⵏⴻⵏ) are a Riffian-Berber tribe of Zenata origin that lives in the eastern part of the Rif, in northeastern Morocco between Nador and Berkane. They lived primarily in the villages of Kebdana, an area in the Rif region South of Arekmane. Due to migration, many Ichebdanen live now in the cities of the region and in Europe. The main cities of the Ichebdanen are Zaio, Arekmane and Ras Kebdana. In Nador, Berkane and Selouane live many Ichebdanen because of their jobs. 
In the Rif region are Ichebdanen famous for their use of the consonant „l“ in many words. 
For example: 
Timelalin (eggs)

Nador
Nador (Arabic: الناظور) is a coastal city and provincial capital in the northeastern Rif region of Morocco with a population of about 158,202 (2024 census).
It is the capital of the homonymous Nador Province with more than 600,000 inhabitants.
Nador is considered the second largest city in the Oriental Region after Oujda.
Silwad Camp
Silwad Camp (Arabic: مخيم سلواد), is a Palestinian refugee camp north-east of Ramallah, was established in 1972. The transfer took place in the form of the restructuring of the Nuseirat, Shati and Bureij refugee camps in Gaza. The camp had a population of 456 in 2017.

Shatila refugee camp
The Shatila refugee camp (Arabic: مخيم شاتيلا), also known as the Chatila refugee camp, is a settlement originally set up for Palestinian refugees in 1949. It is located in southern Beirut, Lebanon and houses more than 9,842 registered Palestine refugees. Since the eruption of the Syrian Civil War, the refugee camp has received a large number of Syrian refugees. In 2014, the camp's population was estimated to be between 10,000 and 22,000.
Go Heung
Go Heung (Korean: 고흥; Hanja: 高興, ?-?) was an ancient Baekje (which was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea) scholar who served under King Geunchogo of Baekje. He is Han Chinese.

His whole life is mostly unknown. His only mention was in Samguk Sagi as a scholar who wrote about the history of Baekje onto a manuscript called Seogi (서기, 書記); however, said manuscript no longer exists.

Samguk sagi
Samguk sagi (Korean: 삼국사기; Hanja: 三國史記; lit. History of the Three Kingdoms) is a historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea: Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. Completed in 1145, it is well-known in Korea as the oldest surviving chronicle of Korean history.

The Samguk sagi is written in Classical Chinese, the written language of the literati of ancient Korea. Its compilation was ordered by King Injong of Goryeo (r. 1122–1146) and undertaken by a government official and historian named Kim Pusik with his team of junior scholars. The document has been digitized by the National Institute of Korean History and is available online with Modern Korean translation in Hangul.
2019 Nigerian Senate elections in Benue State
The 2019 Nigerian Senate election in Benue State was held on February 23, 2019, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Benue State. Patrick Abba Moro representing Benue South, Gabriel Suswam representing Benue North-East and Emmanuel Yisa Orker-Jev representing Benue North-West all won on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party.

Emmanuel Yisa Orker-Jev
Emmanuel Yisa Orker-Jev is a Nigerian politician and a member of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). He defeated former Benue governor, George Akume, in the 2019 senatorial elections for the Benue North-West Senatorial District.
George Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle
George James Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle (12 August 1843 – 16 April 1911), known as George Howard until 1889, was an English aristocrat, peer, politician, and painter. He was the last Earl of Carlisle to own Castle Howard.

Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy (from Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, "rule of the best"; Latin: aristocratia) is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class with hereditary rank and titles. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy.
Nick Varner
Nick Varner (born May 15, 1948) is an American professional pool player who was inducted into the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame in 1992. Varner is widely considered one of the greatest pool players of all time. Varner is a multiple world champion and has won back to back U.S. Open 9-Ball Championships, in addition to being the oldest player to ever win the WPA World Nine-ball Championship, at 51 years old.

U.S. Open Pool Championship
The U.S. Open Pool Championship, formerly the U.S. Open Nine-ball Championship, is an annual professional men's nine-ball pool tournament that began in its current form in 1976. The U.S. Open is one of the most sought-after titles in nine-ball and in pool generally. Traditionally, winners of the U.S. Open are given a green blazer and are awarded free entry fees to all future U.S. Open tournaments.
Krzysztof "Piorun" Radziwiłł
Prince Krzysztof Radziwiłł, epithet "Piorun" ("Lightning") (Lithuanian: Kristupas Radvila „Perkūnas“, 11 July 1547 – 20 March 1603) was a Reichsfürst of the Holy Roman Empire and a member of the nobility of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

He was cup-bearer of Lithuania from 1569; Field Lithuanian Hetman from 1572; Castellan of Trakai, Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania from 1579; Voivode of Vilnius from 1584; Grand Lithuanian Hetman from 1589; and Starost.

Castellans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Castellans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were the lowest rank of territorial official who could sit in the Senate of Poland. Their numbers varied over time and with the shifting borders of the Commonwealth.

In the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Castellans (Polish: Kasztelan) usually deferred to the higher ranking Voivodes (wojewoda), excepting three Distinguished Castellans of the cities of Trakai, Vilnius, and of Kraków - who ranked higher than the Voivodes.
Belgian franc
The Belgian franc was the currency of the Kingdom of Belgium from 1832 until 2002 when the euro was introduced. It was subdivided into 100 subunits, each known as a centiem in Dutch, or centime in French and German.

Belgian coins of World War II
During World War II, the Belgian government needed to mint coins using metal that would not be needed for the war effort. Therefore, silver coinage was discontinued and coins were instead minted using pure zinc.

In 1944, shortly before the Liberation, the Allies minted 25 million 2 franc coins at the Philadelphia Mint, which were put in circulation after Belgium regained its independence.
Alessia Tuttino
Alessia Tuttino (born 15 March 1983) is an Italian football midfielder who plays for UPC Tavagnacco of Serie A and the Italy women's national football team. At club level she previously represented TC Rivignano, Foroni Verona, ASD Bardolino and Roma CF. She was part of the Italian squad at the 2009 and 2013 editions of the UEFA Women's Championship.

A central midfielder with a high work rate, Tuttino's playing style has sometimes been compared to that of the contemporary male footballer Gennaro Gattuso.

UEFA Women's Championship
The UEFA European Women's Championship, also called the UEFA Women's Euro, is the main competition in women's association football between national teams of the UEFA confederation. It is held every four years, one year after the men's. It was first held in 1984. The reigning champions are England, who won the tournament in 2022 and 2025. The most successful nation in the history of the tournament is Germany, with eight titles.
Rancho La Goleta
Rancho La Goleta was a 4,426-acre (17.91 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Barbara  County, California given in 1846 by Governor Pío Pico to Daniel A. Hill.   The grant extended along the Pacific coast from today’s Fairview Avenue in present-day Goleta, east to Hope Ranch.  The grant was adjacent to Rancho Dos Pueblos granted to his son-in-law Nicolas A. Den in 1842.

Santa Barbara County, California
Santa Barbara County, officially the County of Santa Barbara (Spanish: Condado de Santa Bárbara), is a county located in Southern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 448,229. The county seat is Santa Barbara, and the largest city is Santa Maria.

Santa Barbara County comprises the Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the county is part of the California Central Coast. Mainstays of the county's economy include engineering, resource extraction (particularly petroleum extraction and diatomaceous earth mining), winemaking, agriculture, and education. The software development and tourism industries are important employers in the southern part of the county.
William Millar (politician)
William Millar, Sr., (October 5, 1839 – February 5, 1913) was a Scotch-Irish American immigrant, farmer, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate (1889 & 1891) and Assembly (1887), representing Dunn County.  His last name was spelled Miller in some historical sources.

38th Wisconsin Legislature
The Thirty-Eighth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 12, 1887, to April 15, 1887, in regular session.

Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first two years of a four-year term. Assembly members were elected to a two-year term. Assembly members and odd-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 2, 1886. Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the third and fourth year of a four-year term, having been elected in the general election of November 4, 1884.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Republican Jeremiah M. Rusk, of Vernon County, serving his third two-year term, having won re-election in the 1886 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.
1977 Davis Cup
The 1977 Davis Cup was the 66th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 59 teams would enter the competition, 33 in the Europe Zone, 14 in the Americas Zone, and 12 in the Eastern Zone. Algeria made its first appearance in the tournament.

Argentina defeated the United States in the Americas Zone final, Australia defeated New Zealand in the Eastern Zone final, and France and Italy were the winners of the two Europe Zones, defeating Romania and Spain respectively.

In the Inter-Zonal Zone, Australia defeated Argentina and Italy defeated France in the semifinals. Australia then defeated the defending champions Italy in the final to win their 24th title overall and their first since 1973. The final was held at the White City Stadium in Sydney, Australia on 2–4 December.

Spain Davis Cup team
The Spain men's national tennis team has represented Spain internationally since 1920. Organised by the Real Federación Española de Tenis (RFET), it is one of the 50 members of International Tennis Federation's European association (Tennis Europe).

Spain has won the Davis Cup six times (2000, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2019), and finished as runner-up four times (1965, 1967, 2003, 2012), which makes it historically one of the most powerful countries in the tennis world.

Spain has competed in the World Group created in 1981, for 32 years. From 1997 to 2014, competed for 18 consecutive years, returning in 2017, after winning the World Group playoffs the previous year.
Winkle Island (Antarctica)
Winkle Island is the island lying between Tula Point and Pickwick Island, Pitt Islands, in the Biscoe Islands.  It is separated from Renaud Island to the southwest by Mraka Sound.

The island was shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957.  It was named by the UK-APC in 1959 after Nathaniel Winkle, a member of the Pickwick Club in Charles Dickens' Pickwick Papers.

Biscoe Islands
Biscoe Islands is a series of islands, of which the principal ones are Renaud, Lavoisier (named Serrano by Chile and Mitre by Argentina), Watkins, Krogh, Pickwick and Rabot, lying parallel to the west coast of Graham Land and extending 150 km (81 nmi) between Southwind Passage on the northeast and Matha Strait on the southwest. Another group of islands are the Adolph Islands.

The islands are named for John Biscoe, the commander of an English expedition which explored the islands in March 1832.