hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hillel Schwartz
Hillel Schwartz (13 February 1923 – 1 August 2007), an Egyptian Jew, was the founder of the Iskra ('al-Sharara') party, a small Communist political party which was one of the Egyptian political groupings advocating full independence from Great Britain before the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. Iskra was a vanguardist party, which "emphasized the need for the mobilization of a revolutionary reserve of Marxist consciousness and intellectuals in order to establish a sound base from which popular activity could follow."

Vanguardism
Vanguardism, a core concept of Leninism, is the idea that a revolutionary vanguard party, composed of the most conscious and disciplined workers, must lead the proletariat in overthrowing capitalism and establishing socialism, ultimately progressing to communism.

The vanguard works to engage the working class in revolutionary politics and to strengthen proletarian political power against the bourgeoisie.

This theory generally serves as a rationale for the leading role of the Communist party, which is often enshrined in the country's constitution if the party attains state power.
Du Li
Du Li (simplified Chinese: 杜丽; traditional Chinese: 杜麗; pinyin: Dù Lì; born 5 March 1982 in Yiyuan, Zibo, Shandong) is a female Chinese sport shooter who was a gold medalist at the 2004 Olympics and the 2008 Olympics; she has also won titles at World Cup, World Championships and the Asian Games.

Yiyuan County
Yiyuan County (Chinese: 沂源; pinyin: Yíyuán; Wade–Giles: Iyüan) is a county in the centre of China's Shandong province and is located in the deep Tai-yi Mountains, and is the southernmost county-level division under the jurisdiction of Zibo City. It had a population of 576,000 according to the county government, of which 104,200 lives in the county town. Yiyuan has the nickname of “Roof of Shandong” because of its highest average altitude among all counties within the province.
Severomorsk-3 (air base)
Severomorsk-3  (also referred to as Malyavr or Murmansk Northeast) is an air base of the Russian Navy's Northern Fleet in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is located 28 kilometers (17 mi) east of Murmansk, next to Lake Malyavr in the west of the Kola Peninsula.

The base is home to the 100th Independent Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment with the Mikoyan MiG-29KR/KUBR (ASCC: Fulcrum-D) and the 279th Independent Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment with the Kamov Ka-52K "Katran", Sukhoi Su-25UTG (ASCC: Frogfoot), and Sukhoi Su-33 (ASCC: Flanker-D).

Kamov Ka-50
The Kamov Ka-50 "Black Shark" (Russian: Камов Ка-50 «Чёрная акула», romanized: Chyornaya akula, English: kitefin shark, literally: black shark), NATO reporting name Hokum A, is a Soviet/Russian single-seat attack helicopter with the distinctive coaxial rotor system of the Kamov design bureau. It was designed in the 1980s and adopted for service in the Russian army in 1995. The Ka-50 is manufactured by the Progress company in Arsenyev. It is used as a heavily armed scout helicopter and has a rescue ejection system, rare for helicopters.

During the late 1990s, Kamov and Israel Aerospace Industries developed a tandem-seat cockpit version, the Kamov Ka-50-2 "Erdogan" (Russian: Эрдоган, Turkish: Erdoğan), to compete in Turkey's attack helicopter competition. Kamov also designed another two-seat variant, the Kamov Ka-52 "Alligator" (Russian: Аллигатор, NATO reporting name: Hokum B).  The Ka-52's unit cost is US$16 million as of 2023.
2013 Gibraltar by-election
A by-election was held to the Gibraltar Parliament on 4 July 2013 to fill the seat left vacant by the death of Housing Minister Charles Bruzon in April 2013. The Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party (GSLP), Gibraltar Social Democrats (GSD), Progressive Democratic Party (PDP) and an independent contested the by-election. The Liberal Party of Gibraltar who is in alliance and in Government with the GSLP backed the GSLP's candidate.

The Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation's pre-election poll gave the GSLP's candidate Albert Isola an advantage of almost 5% over the GSD's Marlene Hassan-Nahon. It was also the last elections that the Progressive Democratic Party had taken part before their disbandment over a month later that same year.

Gibraltar Parliament
36°08′27″N 5°21′14″W﻿ / ﻿36.140775°N 5.353758°W﻿ / 36.140775; -5.353758

The Gibraltar Parliament is the legislature of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Between 1969 and 2006, it was called the Gibraltar House of Assembly.
The Black Friend
The Black Friend: On Being a Better White Person is a 2020 young adult book written by Frederick Joseph.

Joseph wrote this book after reflecting on daily microaggressions throughout his life. Writing from the perspective of a friend, Joseph offers candid reflections on his own experiences with racism, as well as conversations with prominent artists and activists about theirs. The Black Friend encourages White people to be thoughtful of their interactions with people of color.

The book discusses racism and social injustice and teaches awareness and knowledge to help people become antiracist. It includes personal experiences, interviews with prominent figures such as Angie Thomas, Toni Tone, and April Reign, references to pop culture and media, and an interactive encyclopedia of racism.

Angie Thomas
Angela Thomas (born September 20, 1988) is an American young adult author, best known for writing The Hate U Give (2017). Her second young adult novel, On the Come Up, was released on February 25, 2019. Her most recent novel, Concrete Rose, was released on January 12, 2021.
Cramer Systems
Cramer Systems Group Ltd. is a British telecommunications firm, founded in 1996 by Jon Craton, Mark Farmer and Don Gibson. The firm developed Operations support systems (OSSs) for the telecommunication industry clients such as Vodafone, KPN Telecom, and British Telecom. In August 2006 Amdocs announced the completion of the acquisition of the company. The products developed by Cramer have now been integrated into the Amdocs product suite. The company name is a combination of three letters from the names of Craton and Farmer.

KPN
Koninklijke KPN N.V. (Royal KPN N.V. in English), trading as KPN is a Dutch telecommunications company. KPN originated from a government-run postal, telegraph and telephone service and is based in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Ronald Lee
Ronald Lee (1934 – January 25, 2020) was a Romani Canadian writer, linguist, professor, folk musician, and activist. He studied Romani society and culture and worked to foster intercultural dialogue between Roma and Non-Roma.

Gadjo
In Romani culture, a gorja,  gadjo (masculine), or gadji (feminine) is a person who has no Romanipen. This usually corresponds to not being an ethnic Romani, but it can also refer to an ethnic Romani who does not live within Romani society. The term is often used by Romanis to address or denote outsider neighbors living within or very near their community.
Cladonia pocillum
Cladonia pocillum is a species of lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Swedish botanist Erik Acharius first formally described the species in 1803 as Baeomyces pocillum, but Olivier Jules Richard transferred it to the genus Cladonia in 1877.

Erik Acharius
Erik Acharius (10 October 1757 – 14 August 1819) was a Swedish botanist who pioneered the taxonomy of lichens and is known as the "father of lichenology". Acharius was famously the last pupil of Carl Linnaeus.
Wyoming's 31st House of Representatives district
Wyoming's 31st House of Representatives district is one of 62 districts in the Wyoming House of Representatives. The district encompasses part of Campbell County. It is represented by Republican Representative John Bear of Gillette.

In 1992, the state of Wyoming switched from electing state legislators by county to a district-based system.

Wyoming House of Representatives
The Wyoming House of Representatives is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House, representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state, each with a population of at least 9,000. The House convenes at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Representatives to six terms (twelve years).

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.
Architecture of the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
The Chalcolithic Cucuteni-Trypillia culture, in Eastern Europe, left behind thousands of settlement ruins, c. 6000 to 3500 BC, containing a wealth of archaeological artifacts attesting to their cultural and technological characteristics.

Wattle and daub
Wattle and daub is a composite building method in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called "wattle" is "daubed" with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, and straw.  Wattle and daub has been used for at least 6,000 years and is still an important construction method in many parts of the world. Many historic buildings include wattle and daub construction.
Gartow (Samtgemeinde)
Gartow is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Lüchow-Dannenberg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the village Gartow.

The Samtgemeinde Gartow consists of the following municipalities:

Gartow

Gorleben

Höhbeck

Prezelle

Schnackenburg

53°01′59″N 11°28′01″E﻿ / ﻿53.033°N 11.467°E﻿ / 53.033; 11.467

Schnackenburg
Schnackenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃnakn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town in the Lüchow-Dannenberg district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Elbe. It is part of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Gartow. Lying at the easternmost projection of Lower Saxony, the town is bordered on all sides except the west by territory that was formerly East Germany. It is the least densely populated town ("Stadt") in what was West Germany, although there are nine towns in what was formerly East Germany that are less densely populated (mostly in Brandenburg).
Rockport, California
Rockport (formerly, Cottoneva) is a former settlement in an unincorporated area of Mendocino County, California. It is located 7.25 miles (12 km) north-northwest of Westport, at an elevation of 30 feet (9 m).

Rockport started as a small company town serving the timber industry on the Pacific Ocean coast among redwood forests in Northern California. Rockport is regarded as the southern end of the Lost Coast region; it is where State Highway 1, which runs very close along the coast for most of its length, instead turns inland before merging with U.S. Route 101 at Leggett.

Company town
A company town is a place where all or most of the stores and housing in the town are owned by the same company that is also the main employer. Company towns are often planned with a suite of amenities such as stores, houses of worship, schools, markets, and recreation facilities.

Some company towns were established to improve living conditions for workers, but many have been regarded as controlling and/or exploitative. Others were not planned, such as Summit Hill, Pennsylvania, United States, one of the oldest, which began as a Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company mining camp and mine site nine miles (14 km) from the nearest outside road.
Glasgow City Region
The Glasgow City Region (previously Glasgow and Clyde Valley City Region, also known as Clydeside) is a somewhat urbanised city region in the western central belt of Scotland nestled in the Clyde Valley and consisting of the following eight councils: East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City Council, Inverclyde, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire, and West Dunbartonshire. The councils, along with several others, had previously formed the Strathclyde region between 1974 and 1996.

West Dunbartonshire
West Dunbartonshire (Scots: Wast Dunbairtonshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Dhùn Breatann an Iar, pronounced [ˈʃirˠəxk ɣum ˈpɾʲɛht̪ən̪ˠ əɲ ˈiəɾ]) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland. The area lies to the north-west of the Glasgow City council area and contains many of Glasgow's commuter towns and villages. West Dunbartonshire also borders Argyll and Bute, East Dunbartonshire, Renfrewshire and Stirling.

The council area was formed in 1996 from the former Clydebank district and the eastern part of Dumbarton district, which had both been part of Strathclyde Region.

West Dunbartonshire has three main urban areas: Clydebank, Dumbarton and the Vale of Leven. The area also includes the intervening rural areas, including the Kilpatrick Hills and the south-eastern bank of Loch Lomond. The council is based at 16 Church Street in Dumbarton, although Clydebank is the largest town.
Serra (dance)
The Serra (Pontic: Σέρρα) is a Pontic Greek war dance of ancient Greek origin, from the Pontus region of the Black Sea. Its name comes from the Serra river, in the region of Trapezounda. It is also called Pyrrhichios (Greek: Πυρρίχιος). The rhythm starts in 716 and becomes an even meter when the dance speeds up.

The Serra is a men's dance, danced hand by hand. The Pontic Lyra often accompanies this dance.

This dance is sometimes confused with the Atsiapat, which precedes it. The two are danced in sequence with the Pyrrhichios dance following the Atsiapat.

Kemençe of the Black Sea
The Kemençe of the Black Sea (Turkish: Karadeniz kemençesi, Greek: Ποντιακή λύρα Pontiakí lýra or Pontic lyre, Laz: Çilili (ჭილილი), Armenian: քամանի Qamani, Pontic: lyra) is a traditional musical instrument. It belongs to the category of stringed bowed musical instruments. It has three strings, usually tuned to perfect fourths, usually tuned B-E-A. It is the pre-eminent musical folk instrument originated from the Northeastern Turkey, especially around the Eastern Black Sea Region and historically and currently played by Turkish and Pontic Greek folk artists from Turkey and Greece. The instrument is made of different types of wood.
Every Extend Extra Extreme
Every Extend Extra Extreme is a game for the Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade service released on October 17, 2007. It is an expanded version of the PlayStation Portable game Every Extend Extra which is, in itself, an expanded version of the 2004 freeware title Every Extend.

The game runs in high-definition 1080i and supports 5.1 surround sound. It supports online multiplayer; Achievements; Leaderboards and GamerScore support; and online competitive modes.

1080i
In high-definition television (HDTV) and video display technology, 1080i is a video display format with 1080 lines of vertical resolution and interlaced scanning method. This format was once a standard in HDTV. It was particularly used for broadcast television because it can deliver high-resolution images without needing excessive bandwidth. This format is used in the SMPTE 292M standard.
Inal (name)
Inal is both a given name and a surname. In the Turkish context the name Inal is a product of an onomastic-hygiene movement initiated following the formation of the Turkish Republic to replace Arabic name; Emin with which it shares common meaning, ‘to believe.’

Notable people with the name include:

Given name

İnal Batu (1936–2013), Turkish diplomat and politician

Inal Dzhioyev (born 1969), Russian footballer

Inal Getigezhev (born 1987), Russian footballer

Inal Pukhayev (born 1992), Russian footballer

Surname

Sayf ad-Din Inal (1381–1461), Burji Sultan of Egypt reigned 1453–1461

Ibrahim Inal (died 1060), Seljuk warlord

Sid Ahmed Inal (1931–1956), Algerian activist

Bülent İnal (born 1973), Turkish actor

Sid Ahmed Inal
Sid Ahmed Inal also known by his war surname Djaâfar, was an Algerian activist and teacher. He was born on February 21, 1931, in Tlemcen. He died on November 1, 1956, in Ben Badis (Province of Sidi Bel Abbès), after being captured and tortured by the French army during the Algerian War.
HMS Meleager
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Meleager, after Meleager, who could have been a Macedonian officer of distinction in the service of Alexander the Great, or Meleager, a character from Greek mythology.

HMS Meleager (1785) was a 32-gun fifth-rate frigate launched in 1785 and wrecked in 1801.

HMS Meleager (1806) was a 36-gun fifth-rate frigate launched in 1806 and wrecked in 1808.

Meleager
Meleager (/ˌmɛliˈeɪɡər/, Ancient Greek: Μελέαγρος, romanized: Meléagros) was a hero in Greek mythology, venerated in his temenos at Calydon in Aetolia. He was famed as the host of the Calydonian boar hunt in the epic tradition that was reworked by Homer, and was also mentioned as one of the Argonauts.
Luis Santaló
Luís Antoni Santaló Sors (October 9, 1911 – November 22, 2001) was a Spanish mathematician.

He graduated from the University of Madrid and he studied at the University of Hamburg, where he received his Ph.D. in 1936.  His advisor was Wilhelm Blaschke.  Because of the Spanish Civil War, he moved to Argentina as a professor in the National University of the Littoral, National University of La Plata and University of Buenos Aires.

His work with Blaschke on convex sets is now cited in its connection with Mahler volume. Blaschke and Santaló also collaborated on integral geometry. Santaló wrote textbooks in Spanish on non-Euclidean geometry, projective geometry, and tensors.

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
Wunneburger Rock
Wunneburger Rock (74°42′S 113°10′W﻿ / ﻿74.700°S 113.167°W﻿ / -74.700; -113.167) is an isolated rock outcrop in Maunee Ice Piedmont, lower Kohler Glacier, on the Walgreen Coast, Marie Byrd Land. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–66. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after Henry E. Wunneburger, U.S. Navy, cook with the Byrd Station winter party, 1966.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Wunneburger Rock". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Kohler Range
Kohler Range (75°05′S 114°15′W﻿ / ﻿75.083°S 114.250°W﻿ / -75.083; -114.250﻿ (Kohler Range)) is a mountain range in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. 
The range is about 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) long and stands between the base of Martin Peninsula and Smith Glacier. 
The range consists of two ice-covered plateaus  punctuated by several rock peaks and bluffs.
The plateaus are oriented East-West and  are separated by the Kohler Glacier, a distributary which flows north from Smith Glacier.
2022 Espírito Santo gubernatorial election
The 2022 Espírito Santo gubernatorial election occurred on 2 October 2022 and elected the Governor and Vice Governor of the state and members for the 30 seats of the Legislative Assembly.

After the previous election, incumbent Governor Renato Casagrande was eligible for a second consecutive term, making a rematch with former member of the Chamber of Deputies, Carlos Manato (PL). Casagrande was re-elected with 53.80% of the valid votes in the second round against Manato. From this time on, the terms of the Governor and Vice Governor began on 1 January 2023 and will expire on 6 January 2027, after the approval of a constitutional amendment in 2021.

For the seat available for the Federal Senate, incumbent Senator Rose de Freitas (MDB) lost her seat to former Senator Magno Malta (PL).

Magno Malta
Magno Malta (born October 16, 1957) is a Brazilian evangelical pastor, religious singer, and politician. He has represented Espírito Santo in the Federal Senate from 2003 to 2019 and was re-elected for a separate term that began in 2023. He is a member of the Liberal Party and is a staunch ally of former president Jair Bolsonaro.

Previously he was city councillor in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, serving as a member of PTB, a State Deputy from Espírito Santo from 1995 to 2003, serving as a member of the MDB, and a Federal Deputy from Espírito Santo from 1999 to 2003, serving as a member of the short-lived Social Labor Party before it merged with the Liberal Party. Since 2007, he has been involved in many scandals including embezzlement, nepotism, bribing and emission of fake bill of goods. Some of these accusations are believed to be the cause of his loss in the 2018 Senate election, placing third.
Andrew Funaki
Peter Andrew Funaki is a Niuean politician who served in the Niue Assembly, representing the Tamakautoga constituency. Funaki also served in the cabinet of Premier Toke Talagi as a member that assists the Minister of the Ministry of Infrastructure, Pokotoa Sipeli.

He lost his seat in the 2020 Niuean general election.

Prime Minister of Niue
The prime minister of Niue (officially the premier of Niue prior to 3 September 2024) is Niue's head of government. They are elected by the Niue Assembly, and form a Cabinet consisting of themselves and three other members of the Assembly.

Sir Robert Rex was continuously re-elected every three years from Niue's associated statehood in 1974 until his death in 1992.
Hanalani Schools
Hanalani Schools is a private Christian school founded in 1952 and located in Mililani, on the island of O'ahu, that offers classes for students in preschool through high school.

Hanalani is fully accredited by the American Association of Christian Schools and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, and has approximately 720 students in total.

Christian school
A Christian school is a religious school run on Christian principles or by a Christian organization. These schools often include religious education and worship in their curriculum. They may also have a distinct Christian mission or philosophy.

The nature of Christian schools varies enormously from country to country, according to the religious, educational, and political cultures. In some countries, there is a strict separation of church and state, so all religious schools are private; in others, there is an established church whose teachings form an integral part of the state-operated educational system; in yet others, the state subsidizes religious schools of various denominations.
Dirk Nuyts
Dirk Nuyts (20 March 1952 – November 2024) was a Belgian politician who was a member of the Christian Social Party / Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams. He served as the mayor of Schilde between 1995 and 2000.

Christian Democratic and Flemish
Christian Democratic and Flemish (Dutch: Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams, pronounced [ˌkrɪstə(n)deːmoːˈkraːtis ɛɱ ˈvlaːms] ⓘ; CD&V) is a Flemish Christian-democratic political party in Belgium. The party has historical ties to both trade unionism (ACV) and trade associations (UNIZO) and the Farmer's League. Until 2001, the party was named the Christian People's Party (Christelijke Volkspartij [ˈkrɪstələkə ˈvɔlkspɑrˌtɛi], CVP).

It was traditionally the largest political party of Flanders, until it was overtaken by the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) in the 2010s. CD&V participated in most governments and has generally the largest number of mayors. Most prime ministers of Belgium and minister-presidents of Flanders have been CD&V politicians. Herman Van Rompuy, the president of the European Council from 2009 to 2014, is one of the leading politicians of CD&V.

CD&V is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and Centrist Democrat International.