hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Infuser
A tea infuser is a device in which loose, dried tea leaves are placed for steeping or brewing, in a mug or a teapot full of hot water. It is sometimes called a teaball, tea maker or tea egg. The tea infuser gained popularity in the first half of the 19th century. Tea infusers enable one to easily steep tea from fannings and broken leaf teas.

Imbibition
Imbibition is a special type of diffusion that takes place when liquid is absorbed by solids-colloids causing an increase in volume. Water surface potential movement takes place along a concentration gradient; some dry materials absorb water. A gradient between the absorbent and the liquid is essential for imbibition. For a substance to imbibe a liquid, there must first be some attraction between them. Imbibition occurs when a wetting fluid displaces a non-wetting fluid, the opposite of drainage in which a non-wetting phase displaces the wetting fluid. The two processes are governed by different mechanisms. Imbibition is also a type of diffusion since water movement is along the concentration gradient. Seeds and other such materials have almost no water hence they absorb water easily. Water potential gradient between the absorbent and liquid imbibed is essential for imbibition.
Bream (surname)
Bream is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Freda Bream (1918–1996), New Zealand novelist

Henry T. Bream (1899–1990), American minor league baseball player

Julian Bream (1933–2020), British classical guitarist and lutenist

Shannon Bream (born 1970), American journalist and attorney

Sid Bream (born 1960), American baseball player

Shannon Bream
Shannon Noelle Bream (née DePuy; born December 23, 1970) is an American journalist and attorney who is a host of Fox News Sunday on the Fox network and Fox News. She is also chief legal correspondent for the channel. In 2022, she became host of Fox News Sunday.

Prior to hosting Fox News Sunday, she was the host of Fox News @ Night for five years. She was also a former contestant in the Miss America 1991 and Miss USA 1995 pageants. She was a correspondent for News 12 Networks on Long Island in the 1990s.
Edmund Pytts (died 1753)
Edmund Pytts (c. 1696 – 24 November 1753) was a British Tory politician, MP for Worcestershire 1741–1753.

Pytts was the son of Samuel Pytts MP and Frances Sandys, the daughter of Samuel Sandys MP. He matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford in 1713, aged 16. Pytts stood unsuccessfully at Ludlow in 1727. He was elected MP for Worcestershire in 1741, and re-elected unopposed in 1747. A Tory, he voted against the government in all recorded votes.

Ludlow (UK Parliament constituency)
Ludlow was a constituency in Shropshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency was abolished. Subject to minor boundary changes, it was reformed as South Shropshire, first contested in the 2024 general election.
Sienkiewicz (surname)
Sienkiewicz is a Polish form of the Belarusian surname Siankievič. Russian equivalent: Senkevich.

Notable people with the surname include:

Agnieszka Sienkiewicz (born 1984), Polish actress

Bartłomiej Sienkiewicz (born 1961), Polish politician

Bartosz Sienkiewicz (born 2001), Polish para-athlete

Bill Sienkiewicz (born 1958), American artist

Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846–1916), Polish journalist and writer

Ruth Sienkiewicz-Mercer (1950–1998), American activist

Bill Sienkiewicz
Boleslav William Felix Robert Sienkiewicz (/sɪnˈkɛvɪtʃ/ sin-KEV-itch or /sɪŋˈkɛvɪtʃ/ sing-KEV-itch; Polish: [ɕɛnˈkʲɛvit͡ʂ]; born May 3, 1958) is an American artist known for his work in comic books—particularly for Marvel Comics' The New Mutants, Moon Knight, and Elektra: Assassin. He is the co-creator of the character David Haller / Legion, the basis for the FX television series Legion.

Sienkiewicz's work in the 1980s was considered revolutionary in mainstream US comics due to his highly stylized art that verged on abstraction and made use of oil painting, photorealism, collage, mimeograph, and other forms generally uncommon in comic books.
Beverage Partners Worldwide
Beverage Partners Worldwide was a joint venture between The Coca-Cola Company and Nestlé with headquarters in Zurich, Switzerland. The venture was originally started in 1991 but was dissolved in 1994 due to organizational and distribution disputes. It was resurrected in 2001 before dissolving permanently in 2018. Their main products were Nescafé and Nestea.

Nescafé
Nescafé is a brand of instant coffee sold by the multinational food and drink corporation Nestlé. It comes in many different forms. The name is a portmanteau of the words "Nestlé" and "café". Nestlé first introduced their flagship coffee brand in Switzerland on April 1, 1938.
Stanley Donen filmography
Stanley Donen (/ˈdɒnən/ DON-ən; April 13, 1924 – February 21, 2019) was an American film director and choreographer, and occasionally worked in the American theater. He has directed 28 feature films and worked on various other films or television projects, often as a choreographer. He began his career in the chorus line on Broadway for director George Abbott, where he befriended Gene Kelly. Shortly afterwards he moved to Hollywood and collaborated with Kelly on numerous films as a choreographer until they became co-directors on his feature film debut On the Town. In 1952 Donen and Kelly co-directed the musical Singin' in the Rain, regarded as one of the greatest films ever made. He went on to direct hit films for several decades thereafter, many of which are currently regarded as classics. He has won numerous awards for his life's work, most notably an Honorary Academy Award in 1998 and a Career Golden Lion from the Venice Film Festival in 2004.

Golden Lion
The Golden Lion (Italian: Leone d'oro) is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is widely regarded as one of the film industry's most prestigious and distinguished prizes. In 1970, the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement was introduced, an honorary prize for people who have made an important contribution to cinema.

The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark, which was one of the best known symbols of the ancient Republic of Venice. In 1954, the prize was permanently named the Golden Lion.
The Lone Wolf Spy Hunt
The Lone Wolf Spy Hunt is a 1939 American adventure film directed by Peter Godfrey and written by Jonathan Latimer. The film stars Warren William and Ida Lupino and was released by Columbia Pictures, on January 27, 1939.

The Lone Wolf character dates back to 1914, when author Louis Joseph Vance invented him for a series of books, later adapted to twenty-four Lone Wolf films (1917–1949). Warren Williams starred in nine of these films (1939–1943), with The Lone Wolf Spy Hunt being the first starring William as Michael Lanyard. His next film was The Lone Wolf Strikes, in 1940.

Peter Godfrey (director)
Peter Godfrey (16 October 1899 – 4 March 1970) was an English actor and film director. Founder of the experimental Gate Theatre Salon in 1925, with his first wife Molly Veness, he staged London's first expressionistic production in the following year. He went into partnership with Velona Pilcher in 1927 and together they opened the Gate Theatre Studio in Villiers Street, Charing Cross. Eventually moving to Hollywood, he established a career as a film actor and director.
Chocolate (Malayalam TV series)
Chocolate is a 2019 Malayalam-language soap opera directed by Biju Varghese, starring Sandra Babu, Bipin Jose, Rahul Ravi and Shreya Surendran. It premiered on  Surya TV from 20 May 2019 and the show abruptly ended due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. The show is produced by Vision Time India Pvt Ltd. It is the officially remade into Sun TV as Chocolate.

Surya TV
Surya TV is an Indian Malayalam language Indian general entertainment pay television channel owned by Sun TV Network. which is headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram. Surya TV HD became the third Malayalam language high-definition channel.
County of Dassel
The County of Dassel  (German: Grafschaft Dassel) emerged shortly after the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries when, after the extinction of the male line of the Billungs, its seat in Suilbergau, north of the Solling hills was divided into the domains of Einbeck and Dassel. Reinold of Dassel was able to secure rights similar to comital rights. The county lasted about 200 years, till it was abandoned in 1310 when there were no heirs. The most prominent member of the comital family was Rainald of Dassel, chancellor to Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and Archbishop of Cologne.

Archbishop of Cologne
The Archbishop of Cologne governs the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne in western North Rhine-Westphalia. Historically, the archbishop was ex officio one of the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire and ruled the Electorate of Cologne.

Since the early days of the Catholic Church, there have been 94 bishops and archbishops of Cologne. roue of them resigned n response to impeachment. Eight were coadjutor bishops before they took office. Seven were appointed as coadjutors freely by the pope. One moved to the Curia, where he became a cardinal. Additionally, six were chairmen of the German Bishops' Conference.

Cardinal Rainer Woelki has been Archbishop of Cologne since his 2014 transfer from Berlin, where he was also cardinal-archbishop.
Elizabeth W. Greenwood
Elizabeth Ward Greenwood (1849/1850 – November 28, 1922) was an American social reformer in the temperance movement, and evangelist in the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Early on, she became involved in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). She served as President of a large Union, Superintendent of Scientific Temperance Instruction in her state; National Superintendent of Juvenile work; and World's and National Superintendent of Evangelistic work. As lecturer, preacher, evangelist, she held immense audiences in most conservative churches, also lecturing in jails, asylums, factories and halls. For 20 years, Greenwood preached during the summer to a large congregation, near her country home, ministering also in homes, and at funerals. Though she was a Methodist, for some years, she attended upon the ministry of Dr. Richard Salter Storrs, of Brooklyn.

Temperance movement in the United States
The temperance movement in the United States, which sought to curb the consumption of alcohol, had a large influence on American politics and American society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, culminating in the prohibition of alcohol, through the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, from 1920 to 1933. Today, there are organizations that continue to promote the cause of temperance.
Ayathil
Ayathil is a neighbourhood in Vadakkevila zone of Kollam city, Kerala, India. It is the 36th ward in Kollam Municipal Corporation. It is one of the cashew processing hubs in Kollam city. Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited has a factory there. Kollam Bypass passes through Ayathil.

Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited
The Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited or KSCDC is a model employer in the field of cashew industry mainly to protect the interest of workers and to provide maximum employment to its workers and to give statutory benefits like minimum wages, bonus, etc. prevailing in the cashew industry. It is headquartered in Kollam city, called "Cashew Capital of the World". The head office is situated at Cashew House, Mundakkal in Kollam City, Kerala. KSCDC was incorporated in July 1969 and started Commercial activities in the year 1971 as a company fully owned by the Government of Kerala. Corporation has now more than a turn over of Rs. 2.50 billion. A Central Export Promotion Council for Cashew, Cashew Export Promotion Council of India (CEPCI) is situated at Kollam city.
2001 Fayetteville, North Carolina mayoral election
The 2001 Fayetteville mayoral election took place on November 6, 2001, to elect the mayor of Fayetteville, North Carolina. It saw the election of mayor Marshall Pitts Jr., who unseated incumbent mayor Milo McBryde, who had taken office following the death of

Pitts became the city's first African American mayor.

Fayetteville, North Carolina
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil, locally /ˈfɛdvəl/ FED-vəl) is a city in and the county seat of Cumberland County, North Carolina, United States. Fort Bragg, a U.S. Army installation, is located in the city.

Fayetteville has received the All-America City Award from the National Civic League four times. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 208,501. It is the 6th-most populous city in North Carolina. Fayetteville is in the Sandhills in the western part of the Coastal Plain region, on the Cape Fear River.

With an estimated population of 392,336 in 2023, the Fayetteville metropolitan area is the second-most populous city in southeastern North Carolina and the 142nd-most populous in the United States. Suburban areas of metro Fayetteville include Fort Bragg, Hope Mills, Spring Lake, Raeford, Pope Field, Rockfish, Stedman, and Eastover.
Marie-Thérèse Morlet
Marie-Thérèse Morlet (Guise, Aisne, November 18, 1913 - July 9, 2005) was a French scholar (specialist in onomastics) and honorary director of research at CNRS.

Her publications include Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille (Etymological Dictionary of Family Names).

Guise
Guise (/ɡwiːz/ GWEEZ, French: [ɡɥiz]; Dutch: Wieze) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. The city was the birthplace of the noble family of Guise, Dukes of Guise, who later became Princes of Joinville.
Braden Calvert
Braden Calvert (born July 16, 1995) is a Canadian curler from Carberry, Manitoba. He currently skips his own team out of Winnipeg. He is a former World Junior curling champion and two-time Canadian junior champion.

Atkins Curling Supplies Classic
The Atkins Curling Supplies Classic (formerly the Atkins Curling Supplies Women's Classic and the Atkins Curling Supplies Charity Classic) is an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, that takes place at the Assiniboine Memorial Curling Club in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The event has also been hosted by the Charleswood Curling Club in Winnipeg and the East St. Paul Curling Club in East St. Paul, Manitoba. The tournament is held in a round-robin format and was part of the World Curling Tour from 2012 to 2019. It began in 2007. Prior to this it was just part of the Manitoba Curling Tour.

A men's event was added for 2017.

While the 2020 event still occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was discontinued as a World Curling Tour event.
Osuzu Prefectural Natural Park
Osuzu Prefectural Natural Park (尾鈴県立自然公園, Osuzu kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in central Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1958, the park is within the municipalities of Kawaminami, Kijō, and Tsuno. The area is celebrated for the Mount Osuzu (尾鈴山) group of waterfalls - which have been designated a Place of Scenic Beauty.

Kawaminami, Miyazaki
Kawaminami (川南町, Kawaminami-chō) is a town located in Koyu District, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 September 2023, the town had an estimated population of 14,647 in 6,075 households, and a  population density of 160 persons per km². The total area of the town is 145.96 square kilometres (56.36 sq mi).
Crosby, Cumbria
Crosby is a small village in the county of Cumbria, historically within Cumberland, near the Lake District National Park. It is 3 miles (4.8 km) north-east of Maryport + 25.1 miles (40.4 km) south-west of Carlisle, on the A596 road. In 2020 the built-up area had an estimated population of 791. In 1870-72 the township had a population of 506. The local primary school is Crosscanonby St. John's Church of England School.

The only remaining public house in the village is The Stag Inn.

Maryport
Maryport is a town and civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. The town is on the coast of the Solway Firth and lies at the northern end of the former Cumberland Coalfield. Maryport lies approximately 5 miles (8 km) north-west of the Lake District National Park. It includes the site of the Roman settlement of Alauna. The modern town was developed from the mid-18th century around a new harbour built at the mouth of the River Ellen. The parish also includes the village of Flimby. At the 2021 census, the built-up area had a population of 8,525, while the parish had a population of 10,865.
2023 Schwaben Open – Doubles
Andrei Vasilevski and Igor Zelenay were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Constantin Frantzen and Hendrik Jebens won the title after defeating Constantin Bittoun Kouzmine and Volodymyr Uzhylovskyi 6–2, 6–2 in the final.

Igor Zelenay
Igor Zelenay (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈiɡɔr ˈzelenaj]; born 10 February 1982) is a Slovak former professional tennis player who was a doubles specialist. He reached a career-high ranking of world No. 50 in July 2009. His career-high singles ranking is No. 279, achieved in August 2005. Zelanay has won one ATP Tour title and finished runner-up at four other ATP tournaments.
Berggrenøya
Berggrenøya is an island in Hinlopen Strait in the Svalbard archipelago, the most western of the islands of Vaigattøyane. The island is named after Swedish botanist Sven Berggren. The highest point is 23 m.a.s.l. Total area approximately 0,6 km2. acc. to Norwegian Polar Institute. Beggrenøya is included in the Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve.

Sven Berggren
Sven Berggren (12 August 1837 – 28 June 1917) was a Swedish botanist, explorer and university professor. He was a professor at Lund University 1883–1902, later at Uppsala University. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1880.

He collected plants  on a number of journeys to then little-known areas of the world, e.g. Svalbard in 1868, Greenland in 1870 (both times with Nordenskiöld's expedition) and, in 1873, New Zealand, Australia, Hawaii and California. In 1874 Berggren distributed specimens which belong to a series which superficially resemble an exsiccata work with the title Plantae in Itineribus Suecorum Polaribus collectae. He made particularly novel collections and descriptions of bryophytes and to less extent vascular plants, algae and fungi.
His collections are kept at Lund University.
2013 American Society of Cinematographers Awards
The 28th American Society of Cinematographers Awards were held on February 1, 2014, at the Hollywood & Highland Ray Dolby Ballroom, honoring the best cinematographers of film and television in 2013.

The film nominees were announced on January 8, 2014. A three-way tie boosted the number of film nominees to seven. Sean Bobbitt, Philippe Le Sourd, and Phedon Papamichael received their first nominations in the film category (though Papamichael has received prior nominations for his TV work).

This year also marked the inaugural Spotlight Award "to recognize outstanding cinematography in features and documentaries typically screened at film festivals, internationally or in limited theatrical release". The nominees were announced on January 14, 2014.

With his third win in the film cinematography category, Emmanuel Lubezki joined Roger Deakins and Conrad L. Hall as the only cinematographers to have won the award more than twice.

American Society of Cinematographers
The American Society of Cinematographers (ASC), founded in Hollywood in 1919, is a cultural, educational, and professional organization that is neither a labor union nor a guild. The society was organized to advance the science and art of cinematography and gather a wide range of cinematographers to discuss techniques and ideas and to advocate for motion pictures as a type of art form. Currently, the president of the ASC is Mandy Walker.

Members use the post-nominal letters "ASC". On the 1920 film titled Sand!, cinematographer Joseph H. August, who was an original member of the ASC, became the first individual to have the "ASC" appear after his name on the onscreen credit.

Only cinematographers and special effect supervisors can become ASC members. Basic requirements include being a director of photography for a minimum five out of the last eight years, having a high professional reputation and being recommended by three active or retired ASC members.
4th Feroz Awards
The 4th award ceremony of Feroz Awards was held at the Palacete de los Duques de Pastrana in Madrid, on January 23, 2017. It was hosted by actor Antonio de la Torre and aired on #0. Awards recognizing television productions and documentary films were handed for the first time.

Antonio de la Torre (actor)
Antonio de la Torre Martín (born 18 January 1968) is a Spanish actor and journalist. He is the actor with most nominations overall to the Goya Awards. He won the Goya Award for Best Supporting Actor for Dark Blue Almost Black in 2007; whereas, he earned the Goya Award for Best Actor for The Realm in 2019. He has starred in many films directed by Daniel Sánchez Arévalo, with whom he collaborated for the first time in the short film Profilaxis (2003).
Padmabhushan Dr. Moturi Satyanarayan Award
Padmabhushan Dr. Moturi Satyanarayan Award (Devnagari: पद्मभूषण डॉ. मोटूरि सत्यानारायण पुरस्कार) is a literary honor in India which Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, (Central Hindi Organization), Ministry of Human Resource Development, annually confers on writers of outstanding works in Hindi Literature. It is also a Hindi Sevi Samman and is given to number of Hindi experts for playing their important role in promoting the Hindi language.

Ministry of Education (India)
The Ministry of Education (MoE) is a ministry of the Government of India, responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education. The ministry is further divided into two departments: the Department of School Education and Literacy, which deals with primary, secondary and higher secondary education, adult education and literacy, and the Department of Higher Education, which deals with university level education, technical education, scholarships, etc.

The current education minister is Dharmendra Pradhan, a member of the Council of Ministers. India has had a Ministry of Education since 1947. In 1985, the Rajiv Gandhi government changed its name to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), and with the newly drafted "National Education Policy 2020" by the Narendra Modi government, the Ministry of Human Resource Development was renamed back to the Ministry of Education.
Glossary of American football terms
The following terms are used in American football, both conventional and indoor. Some of these terms are also in use in Canadian football; for a list of terms unique to that code, see Glossary of Canadian football.

Out of bounds
In sports, out of bounds (or out-of-bounds) is the state of being outside the playing boundaries of the field. The legality of going out of bounds (intentionally or not), and the ease of prevention, vary by sport. Sports that use this term include American football, Canadian football, field lacrosse, basketball, rugby union, rugby league, and association football.

The boundary may be associated with the sidelines or touch-lines, lines which mark the outer boundaries of a sports field, running parallel to each other and perpendicular to the goal lines. The foul lines in baseball and boundary lines in cricket are similar concepts.
Pottinger Peak
Pottinger Peak (Chinese: 砵甸乍山) is a mountain on the eastern side of Hong Kong Island. It is located south of Chai Wan and Siu Sai Wan and north of Big Wave Bay. Initially known as Ma Tong Peak, it was renamed Pottinger Peak after Henry Pottinger, the first Governor of Hong Kong. The peak is 312 m (1,024 ft) above sea level.

Siu Sai Wan
Siu Sai Wan (Chinese: 小西灣) is a residential area in the northeastern part of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. It is located in the eastern part of Chai Wan, and is administratively under the Eastern District. The population was 59,729 in June 2011.