hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wayne M. Becker
Wayne M. Becker is emeritus professor of botany at the University of Wisconsin and, under the name W. M. Becker, the original author, and for the next six editions, senior author of The World of the Cell (Pearson).
Becker first joined the University of Wisconsin in 1958 and obtained his PhD in 1967. He received his B.S, M.S., and Ph.D in biochemistry at this college. Becker spent two years in the United Kingdom as a NATO/NIH postdoctoral researcher, and then returned to the campus in 1969 as a member of the Botany Department Faculty. He also spent a year in the same position at the University of Edinburgh.

In 1995, he put his research aside and began to focus on undergraduate teaching, especially students of color and those from poor backgrounds. He has also taught at the University of Indonesia in Jakarta; Canterbury University at Christchurch, New Zealand; University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez; and the Interfaculty Program in Biomedical Ethics at Harvard University.

University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez
The University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus (UPRM) or Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez (RUM) in Spanish (also referred to as Colegio and CAAM in allusion to its former name), is a public land-grant university in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. The UPRM is the second-largest university campus of the University of Puerto Rico system, a member of the sea-grant, and the space-grant research consortia.

In 2009, the campus population was composed of 12,108 students, 1,924 regular staff members, and 1,037 members of the education staff. In 2013, the student population remained relatively steady at 11,838, but the instructional faculty dropped to 684. In the second semester of 2019 around 12,166 students were enrolled. By the end of the academic year 2022-2023 there were 10,071 students enrolled. UPRM has been accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE) since 1946.
La Sandunga
"La Sandunga" (also spelled "La Zandunga") is a traditional Mexican waltz and the unofficial anthem of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, in the state of Oaxaca. It is inspired by the Spanish jota style of music and also contains Native American and Mestizo elements. Sandunga is a rarely used word in the Spanish language that can be translated in a variety of ways including; gracefulness, elegance, charm, wit, and celebration.
The melody of the song is believed to have originated from Andalusia and it was rearranged by Zapotec musician Andres Gutierrez  Ndre Sa’a in the Zapotec language).  The lyrics were written by Máximo Ramó Ortiz in 1853 after the death of his mother. Ortiz, who served as governor of Tehuantepec also wrote the song in part to promote independence of the isthmus from the Mexican government. The song tells of a Zapotec woman mourning the death of her mother while crying out, "Sandunga".

Isthmus of Tehuantepec
The Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Spanish pronunciation: [tewanteˈpek]) is an isthmus in Mexico. It represents the shortest distance between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. Before the opening of the Panama Canal, it was a major overland transport route known simply as the Tehuantepec Route. The name is taken from the town of Santo Domingo Tehuantepec in the state of Oaxaca; this was derived from the Nahuatl term Tēcuāntepēc ("jaguar mountain").
Chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Diuril among others, is an organic compound used as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive.

It is used both within the hospital setting or for personal use to manage excess fluid associated with congestive heart failure.  Most often taken in pill form, it is usually taken orally once or twice a day. In the ICU setting, chlorothiazide is given to diurese a patient in addition to furosemide (Lasix). Working in a separate mechanism from furosemide and absorbed enterically as a reconstituted suspension administered through a nasogastric tube (NG tube), the two drugs potentiate one another.

It was patented in 1956 and approved for medical use in 1958. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Diuretic
A diuretic (/ˌdaɪjʊˈrɛtɪk/ ⓘ) is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine. This includes forced diuresis. A diuretic tablet is sometimes colloquially called a water tablet. There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from the body, through the kidneys. There exist several classes of diuretic, and each works in a distinct way. Alternatively, an antidiuretic, such as vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), is an agent or drug which reduces the excretion of water in urine.
Swimming at the 1983 Pan American Games – Men's 400 metre individual medley
The men's 400 metre individual medley competition of the swimming events at the 1983 Pan American Games took place on 18 August. The last Pan American Games champion was Jesse Vassallo of US.

This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. The first two lengths were swum using the butterfly stroke, the second pair with the backstroke, the third pair of lengths in breaststroke, and the final two were freestyle.

Butterfly stroke
Butterfly (shortened to fly) is a swimming stroke swum on the front, with both arms moving symmetrically, accompanied by the butterfly kick (also known as the "dolphin kick") along with the movement of the hips and chest.

It is the newest swimming style swum in competition, first swum in the early 1950s and originating from breaststroke.

For most competitive swimmers, butterfly is the second fastest stroke, only slower than front crawl.
Kentucky Route 1031
Kentucky Route 1031 (KY 1031) is a 3.203-mile-long (5.155 km) state highway in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. It runs from U.S. Route 62, U.S. Route 431, and Kentucky Route 70 in southern Central City to U.S. Route 431 south of South Carrollton via Central City.

South Carrollton, Kentucky
South Carrollton is a home rule-class city in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 141 at the 2020 census, down from 184 in 2010. Founded as "Randolph Old Farm" in 1838, an early pioneer changed the name of the city to honor his son, Carroll. The name was prefixed with "South" in order to distinguish it from the city of Carrollton.
2023 Zavarovalnica Sava Ljubljana – Singles
Marina Bassols Ribera won the title, defeating Zeynep Sönmez in the final, 6–0, 7–6(7–2).

Kateřina Siniaková was the reigning champion from 2022, when the tournament was a WTA 250 event, but she chose not to compete.

Réka Luca Jani
Réka Luca Jani (born 31 July 1991) is a Hungarian former professional tennis player.

She has won 25 singles titles and 34 doubles titles on the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. As on 19 September 2022, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 104. On 22 August 2016, she peaked at No. 124 in the doubles rankings. Her favorite surface is clay.

Playing for Hungary Billie Jean King Cup team, Jani has a win–loss record of 30–22 (as of July 2024).
Two Dogmas of Empiricism
"Two Dogmas of Empiricism" is a canonical essay by analytic philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine published in 1951.  According to University of Sydney professor of philosophy Peter Godfrey-Smith, this "paper [is] sometimes regarded as the most important in all of twentieth-century philosophy". The paper is an attack on two central aspects of the logical positivists' philosophy: the first being the analytic–synthetic distinction between analytic truths and synthetic truths, explained by Quine as truths grounded only in meanings and independent of facts, and truths grounded in facts; the other being reductionism, the theory that each meaningful statement gets its meaning from some logical construction of terms that refer exclusively to immediate experience.

"Two Dogmas" has six sections. The first four focus on analyticity, the last two on reductionism. There, Quine turns the focus to the logical positivists' theory of meaning. He also presents his own holistic theory of meaning.

Peter Godfrey-Smith
Peter Godfrey-Smith (born 1965) is an Australian philosopher of science and writer, who is currently Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Sydney. He works primarily in philosophy of biology and philosophy of mind, and also has interests in general philosophy of science, pragmatism (especially the work of John Dewey), and some parts of metaphysics and epistemology. Godfrey-Smith was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2022.
Kaňovice (Zlín District)
Kaňovice is a municipality and village in Zlín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Kaňovice lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Zlín and 261 km (162 mi) south-east of Prague.

Zlín
Zlín (in 1949–1989 Gottwaldov; Czech pronunciation: [zliːn]; German: Zlin) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 75,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the Zlín Region and it lies on the Dřevnice River. It is known as an industrial centre. The development of the modern city is closely connected to the Bata Shoes company and its social scheme, developed after World War I. A large part of Zlín is urbanistically and architecturally valuable and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Desha Puthra Sammanaya
The Desha Puthra Sammanaya (Sinhala: දේශ පුත්‍ර සම්මානය dēśa putra sammānaya; Son of the Nation Award) is a military decoration awarded as a wound medal to servicepersons of the Military of Sri Lanka, equivalent to the United States Purple Heart. The Sri Lanka Police awards an equivalent, related award for its service personnel.

Military awards and decorations
Military awards and decorations are distinctions given as a mark of honor for military heroism, meritorious or outstanding service or achievement. A decoration is often a medal consisting of a ribbon and a medallion.

Civil decorations awarded to military personnel should not be considered military decorations, although some orders of chivalry have civil and military divisions. Decorations received by police and fire brigade personnel may sometimes be considered alongside military decorations, on which they may be modelled, although they are strictly not military awards.

Military awards and decorations may take the form of medal ribbons or miniature medals, which are mounted together on a bar known as a barrette.
SM U-94
SM U-94 was a Type U 93 submarine and one of the 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. U-94 was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic.

Naval warfare of World War I
Naval warfare in World War I was mainly characterised by blockade. The Allied powers, with their larger fleets and surrounding position, largely succeeded in their blockade of Germany and the other Central Powers, whilst the efforts of the Central Powers to break that blockade, or to establish an effective counter blockade with submarines and commerce raiders, were eventually unsuccessful. Major fleet actions were extremely rare and proved less decisive.
2011 China Open – Men's doubles
Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan were the defending champions, but Michaël Llodra and Nenad Zimonjić eliminated them in the semifinals.

Llodra and  Zimonjić won the tournament beating Robert Lindstedt and Horia Tecău in the final, 7–6(7–2), 7–6(7–4).

Bob Bryan
Robert Charles Bryan (born April 29, 1978) is an American former professional tennis player. Widely regarded as one of the greatest doubles tennis players of all time, Bryan was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's doubles for 438 weeks (second-most of all time), and finished as the year-end No. 1 eight times. Bryan won 126 ATP Tour-level doubles titles, including 23 majors: 16 in men's doubles and seven in mixed doubles. Alongside his twin brother Mike, the Bryan brothers were one of the most successful doubles partnerships in tennis history. The pair were named the ATP Team of the Decade for the 2000s. They became the second men's doubles team to complete the career Golden Slam at the 2012 London Olympics.

The Bryan brothers retired from the sport together in August 2020. In 2025, they were inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
Vendramino Bariviera
Vendramino Bariviera (25 October 1937 – 23 November 2001) was an Italian racing cyclist who competed in the individual road race at the 1960 Summer Olympics. After the Olympics he turned professional and won several stages of the Giro d'Italia in 1963, 1964 and 1966. He rode the 1964 Tour de France and retired in 1967. His younger brother Renzo was an Olympic basketball player.

1964 Tour de France
The 1964 Tour de France was the 51st edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 22 June and 14 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of 4,504 km (2,799 mi). Stages 3, 10 and 22 were all two-part stages with the first half being a regular stage and the second half being a team or individual time trial. It was the only Tour de France to include a mid-stage climb to the Alpe d'Huez ski resort. The race was eventually won by Jacques Anquetil following an epic shoulder-to-shoulder battle with Raymond Poulidor during stage 20.
Desglymidodrine
Desglymidodrine (developmental code name ST-1059) is the active metabolite of the prodrug antihypotensive agent midodrine. It acts as a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist. Desglymidodrine is formed from midodrine via deglycination.

Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes.
Schøyen
Schøyen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Schøyen (1877–1951) Norwegian author

Erna Schøyen (1887–1968) Norwegian actress

Hege Schøyen (born 1957), Norwegian singer, actor, and comedian

Martin Schøyen (born 1940), Norwegian businessman, historian, and book collector

Per G. Schøyen (1924–2017), Norwegian diplomat

Rolf Schøyen (born 1936) Norwegian physician and medical microbiologist

Thor Hiorth Schøyen (1885–1961) First curator of the Oslo Zoological Museum in 1908

Wilhelm Maribo Schøyen (1844–1918) Norwegian entomologist

Martin Schøyen
Martin Schøyen (born January 31, 1940) is a Norwegian businessman, traveller, historian, paleographer and collector of books.

He started collecting books in 1955. Currently his private collection, the Schøyen Collection, contains more than 13,000 manuscript items, the oldest book is about 5,000 years old.

In 2012 he was forced to sell 60 manuscripts at Sothebys because of the Norwegian wealth tax.  In 2024 further sales took place.
Lingual nerve
The lingual nerve carries sensory innervation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. It contains fibres from both the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) and from the facial nerve (CN VII). The fibres from the trigeminal nerve are for touch, pain and temperature (general sensation), and the ones from the facial nerve are for taste (special sensation).

Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue known as the lamina propria. It is mostly of endodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at body openings such as the eyes, eyelids, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lips, the genital areas, the urethral opening and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.

Amphibians, fish, snails, slugs, and some other invertebrates also produce external mucus from their epidermis as protection against pathogens, to help in movement, and to line fish gills. Plants produce a similar substance called mucilage that is also produced by some microorganisms.
Made in Chelsea
Made in Chelsea (MIC) is a British structured-reality television series broadcast by E4. Made in Chelsea chronicles the lives of affluent young people in the West London and South West areas of Belgravia, King's Road, Chelsea, Fulham and Knightsbridge, as well as their travels to other locations around the world.

West London
West London is the western part of London, England, north of the River Thames, west of the City of London, and extending to the Greater London boundary.

The term is used to differentiate the area from the other parts of London: Central London, North London, East London and South London. West London was part of the historic county of Middlesex.
Rose Valley Glacier
Rose Valley Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Розова долина, romanized: lednik Rozova dolina, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈrɔzovɐ doliˈna]) is a glacier on Varna Peninsula, eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is northeast of Saedinenie Snowfield, northwest of Debelt Glacier and north of Panega Glacier.  It extends 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) in the southeast-northwest direction and 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) in the southwest-northeast direction. The glacier drains the northeast slopes of Vidin Heights to flow into Lister Cove and McFarlane Strait between Pomorie Point and Inott Point.

The feature is named after the Valley of Roses in central Bulgaria.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
Limonium strictissimum
Limonium strictissimum is a species of plant in the family Plumbaginaceae. It is endemic to the island of Sardinia in Italy. Its natural habitat is Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrub is a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The biome is generally characterized by dry summers and rainy winters, although in some areas rainfall may be uniform. Summers are typically hot in low-lying inland locations, but can be cool near colder seas; while winters are typically mild to cool in low-lying locations, but can be cold in inland and higher locations. These ecoregions are highly distinctive, collectively harboring 10% of the Earth's plant species.
2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the fourteen U.S. representatives from the state of Georgia, one from each of the state's fourteen congressional districts. The elections coincided with a gubernatorial election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections took place on May 22, 2018.

One seat flipped to the Democrats, changing the state congressional delegation from a 10–4 Republican majority to a 9–5 Republican majority.

MoveOn
MoveOn (formerly known as MoveOn.org) is a progressive public policy advocacy group and political action committee. Formed in 1998 around one of the first massively viral email petitions, MoveOn has since grown into one of the largest and most impactful grassroots progressive campaigning communities in the United States, with a membership of millions. MoveOn did not endorse a candidate during the 2020 presidential primary campaign; it then endorsed and actively supported Joe Biden in the general election. MoveOn endorsed Kamala Harris, the then-current vice president of the United States, as the Democratic Party nominee for president in the 2024 presidential election. Katie Bethell has been Executive Director of MoveOn Civic Action and MoveOn Political Action since July 2025, replacing Rahna Epting.
Web Therapy season 3
The third season of the American Improvisational comedy television series Web Therapy premiered on July 23, 2013, and concluded on September 24, 2014, on Showtime. The series stars Lisa Kudrow as Fiona Wallice, a therapist who has conceived of a new form of therapy: the titular "web therapy". This season contains the webisodes from season five of the web series.

Web Therapy
Web Therapy is an improvised online series starring Lisa Kudrow as Fiona Wallice, a therapist who has conceived of a new form of therapy, the titular "web therapy". The series debuted on LStudio.com on September 22, 2008.
Dezső Fábián
Dezső Fábián (17 December 1918 – 6 October 1973) was a Hungarian water polo player who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Fábián was part of the Hungarian team which won the silver medal in the 1948 tournament. He played three matches.

Four years later he was a member of the Hungarian team which won the gold medal in the Olympic tournament. He played one match.

Hungary men's national water polo team
The Hungary men's national water polo team represents Hungary in international men's water polo competitions and is controlled by the Hungarian Water Polo Association. It is considered the world's top power in the history of water polo, having won 16 Olympic, 12 World Championship, 10 FINA World Cup, eight FINA World League, 26 European Championship and 17 Summer Universiade medals for a total of 91.
Diogo Gonçalves de Travassos
Diogo Gonçalves de Travassos (1390s–1449) was a Portuguese nobleman, who served as escrivão da puridade (King's private secretary) of Peter, Duke of Coimbra.

He was the son of Martim Gonçalves de Travassos and Catarina Dias de Melo. He was married to Violante Velho Cabral, daughter of Fernão Velho and Maria Alvares Cabral, belonging to a noble Portuguese family. She was the sister of Gonçalo Velho Cabral, and descendant of Pedro Soares Velho.

Diogo Gonçalves de Travassos participated actively in the conquest of Ceuta. He was a faithful vassal of the Infante Peter, being also godfather of two of his children. He died on 20 May 1449 during the Battle of Alfarrobeira, being buried in Batalha Monastery, in the chapel door of king.

Batalha Monastery
The Monastery of Batalha (Portuguese: Mosteiro da Batalha) is a Dominican convent in the municipality of Batalha, historical Beira Litoral province, in the Centro of Portugal. Originally, and officially, known as the Monastery of Saint Mary of the Victory (Portuguese: Mosteiro de Santa Maria da Vitória), it was erected in commemoration of the 1385 Battle of Aljubarrota and would serve as the burial church of the 15th-century Aviz dynasty of Portuguese royalty. It is one of the best and original examples of Late Flamboyant Gothic architecture in Portugal, intermingled with the Manueline style.
The monastery is a historic and cultural monument and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983.