hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wall Street West
Wall Street West is a name used by real estate developers, city officials, and news media in the United States to call particular streets or places west of Manhattan, New York City that have a high concentration of Wall Street financial companies or a major exchange. The most notable for that is along the Hudson River waterfront of Jersey City, New Jersey. By the early 2020s, economic development in Jersey City has led to median rent being among the highest of any city in the United States.

City manager
A city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a city in the council–manager form of city government. Local officials serving in this position are referred to as the chief executive officer (CEO) or chief administrative officer (CAO) in some municipalities.
Tom Collins
The Tom Collins is a Collins cocktail made from gin, lemon juice, sugar, and carbonated water. This "gin and sparkling lemonade" drink is typically served in a Collins glass over ice with a cherry garnish. A non-alcoholic "Collins mix" mixer is produced, enjoyed by some as a soft drink.

The drink is a variant of the similar John Collins.

Lemon
The lemon (Citrus × limon) is a species of small evergreen tree in the Citrus genus of the flowering plant family Rutaceae. A true lemon is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange. Its origins are uncertain, but some evidence suggests lemons originated during the 1st millennium BC in what is now northeastern India. Some other citrus fruits are called lemon.

The yellow fruit of the lemon tree is used throughout the world, primarily for its juice. The pulp and rind are used in cooking and baking. The juice of the lemon is about 5–6% citric acid, giving it a sour taste. This makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie.

In 2024, world production was 23 million tonnes, led by India and Mexico with 31% of the total.
Händel-Jahrbuch
The Händel-Jahrbuch (HJb) is a music scientific journal dedicated to the composer George Frideric Handel. It is published annually by the international Handel-Gesellschaft in conjunction with the foundation Handel House in Halle. The "scientific secretary" of the Handel Society is also chief editor of the Jahrbuch, and since 2011 the musicologist Annette Landgraf.

Bärenreiter
Bärenreiter (Bärenreiter-Verlag) is a German classical music publishing house based in Kassel.  The firm was founded by Karl Vötterle (1903–1975) in Augsburg in 1923, and moved to Kassel in 1927, where it still has its headquarters; it also has offices in Basel, London, New York and Prague. The company is currently managed by Barbara Scheuch-Vötterle, Leonhard Scheuch and Clemens Scheuch.

Since 1951, Bärenreiter has expanded its production through acquisitions and the creation of subsidiaries. From this time, the company's focus has been on the New Complete Editions series for various composers. These are urtext editions, and cover the entire work of the selected composer.  Series include: J. S. Bach (the Neue Bach-Ausgabe, a joint project with the Deutscher Verlag für Musik), Berlioz, Fauré, Gluck, Handel, Janáček, Mozart (Neue Mozart-Ausgabe), Rossini, Saint-Saëns, Schubert (New Schubert Edition), Telemann and others.
Kristal University
Kristal University was an Albanian for-profit privately-owned University. It was established in 2005 with decision no. 761 of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Albania and licensed by the Ministry of Education and Science.  It was closed in 2014 by the Ministry of Education for failing to comply to legal requirements.

Kristal University had four campuses – Tirana, Korça, Fier and Kukes – and has six faculties with 19 programs of study. Academic programs were based on the Bologna Declaration and are divided into electives and mandatory subjects according to the 3+2 and 5-year (integrated) systems.

Campus
A campus traditionally refers to the land and buildings of a college or university. This will often include libraries, lecture halls, student centers and, for residential universities, residence halls and dining halls.

By extension, a corporate campus is a collection of buildings and grounds that belong to a company, particularly in the technology sector. Examples include Bell Labs, the Googleplex and Apple Park.
1998 Winter Olympics closing ceremony
The closing ceremony of the 1998 Winter Olympics took place at Nagano Olympic Stadium in Nagano, Japan, on 22 February 1998. It began at 18:00 JST and finished at approximately 19:41 JST. As mandated by the Olympic Charter, the proceedings combines the formal and ceremonial closing of this international sporting event, including farewell  speeches and closing of the Games by IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch. The Olympic flame has been extinguished.

Nagano Olympic Stadium
Nagano Olympic Stadium (長野オリンピックスタジアム, Nagano Orinpikku Sutajiamu) is a baseball stadium in Nagano, Nagano, Japan.  It was used for the opening and closing ceremonies for the 1998 Winter Olympics.  The stadium holds 35,000 people.

The stadium is the finishing point for the annual Nagano Olympic Commemorative Marathon.
Emil Schreyer
Emil Schreyer (died 6 August 1916) was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel. He played mainly in the position of forward, but also as a midfielder.

Between the years 1912 and 1915 Schreyer played 42 games for Basel scoring 11 goals; 28 of these games were in the Swiss Serie A, two in the Anglo-Cup and 12 were friendly games. He scored 11 goal in the domestic league and three in the Anglo-Cup, the other three were scored during the test games.

In the 1912–13 season Basel won the Anglo-Cup. In the round of 16 on 8 June 1913 Schreyer scored a hattrick as Basel beat St. Gallen 4–1 to continue to the next round. He was part of the team that won the final on 29 June 1913 in the Hardau Stadium, Zürich against FC Weissenbühl Bern 5–0.

FC St. Gallen
Fussballclub St. Gallen 1879, commonly known as St. Gallen, is a Swiss professional football club based in the city of St. Gallen, Canton of St. Gallen. It is the second oldest football club in continental Europe, after Kjøbenhavns Boldklub. The team competes in the Swiss Super League, the top tier of Swiss football.
Yirol West County
Yirol West County is an administrative area in Lakes State, South Sudan. It is one the eight counties of Lakes State. Yirol West County borders Yirol East County to the east,  Awerial County to the south, Terekeka county and Mvolo County to the Southwest and Rumbek East County to the west.

Lakes State
Lakes is a state in South Sudan. It has an area of 43,595.08 km2. Rumbek is the capital of the state. Lakes is in the Bahr el Ghazal region of South Sudan, in addition to Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Western Bahr el Ghazal, and Warrap states. Bahr el Ghazal itself was a former province which was split from the Anglo-Egyptian mudiriyat, or province of Equatoria in 1948. The eastern border was the White Nile with Jonglei State on the opposite bank. To the northeast lied the Unity State. Other borders included Warrap State towards the northwest, Western Equatoria to the south and west, and Central Equatoria to the south.

In July 2011, Ramciel in Lakes state was under consideration by the federal government as a site for a new national capital, which would replace Juba.
Palojoki
Palojoki (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈpɑloˌjoki]; literally "fire river") is a village of about a thousand inhabitants in Nurmijärvi, Finland. It is located close to the border of Tuusula, about 30 kilometers north of Helsinki, and the regional road 139 (Palojoentie on the Nurmijärvi side, Nahkelantie on the Tuusula side) runs from the Nurmijärvi's church village to Hyrylä, Tuusula. Klaukkala is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Palojoki. The village has a primary school called Palojoki School (Palojoen koulu).

The village is named after the adjacent Palojoki River, which flows into the Vantaa River near the village. The area of the village is about 50 km2 and its highest point (Haukkaankallio) is about 50 m above sea level. Palojoki is home to one of the nationally significant built cultural environments defined by the Finnish Heritage Agency.

Vantaanjoki
Vantaanjoki (Swedish: Vanda å) is a 101-kilometre (63 mi) long river in Southern Finland. The river starts from the lake Erkylänjärvi in Hausjärvi and flows into the Gulf of Finland at Vanhankaupunginselkä in Helsinki. One of the tributaries of Vantaanjoki is Keravanjoki that flows through the town of Kerava north of Helsinki.
Not Without My Handbag
Not Without My Handbag is a 1993 British stop-motion animated comedy horror short film created by animator Boris Kossmehl at Aardman Animations. The film is about a deceased aunt who forgets to take a proper handbag on her journey to Hell.

Aardman Animations
Aardman Animations Limited, known simply as Aardman, is a British animation studio based in Bristol, England. It is known for films and television series made using stop-motion and clay animation techniques, particularly those featuring its plasticine characters from Wallace & Gromit,
Chicken Run, Shaun the Sheep, and Morph. After some experimental computer-animated short films during the late 1990s, beginning with Owzat (1997), Aardman entered the computer animation market with Flushed Away (2006). As of February 2020, it had earned $1.1 billion worldwide, with an average $135.6 million per film. Between 2000 and 2006, Aardman collaborated with DreamWorks Animation.

Aardman's films have been consistently well-received. Their stop-motion films are among the highest-grossing produced, with their 2000 debut, Chicken Run, being their top-grossing film, as well as the highest-grossing stop-motion film of all time. A sequel, Chicken Run: Dawn of the Nugget, was released in 2023.
Alarsite
Alarsite (AlAsO4) is an aluminium arsenate mineral with its name derived from its composition: aluminium and arsenate. It occurs as brittle subhedral grains which exhibit trigonal symmetry. It has a Mohs hardness of 5-5.5 and a specific gravity of 3.32. It is semitransparent, colorless with pale yellow tints and shows a vitreous luster. It is optically uniaxial (+) with refractive indices of nω = 1.596 and nε = 1.608.

It was reported from fumaroles in the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Far Eastern Region, Russia. It occurs in association with fedotovite, klyuchevskite, lammerite, nabokoite, atlasovite, langbeinite, hematite and tenorite.

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
Heinkel He 63
The Heinkel He 63 was a trainer biplane built in Germany in the early 1930s. It was a largely conventional design with single-bay wings, fixed tailskid undercarriage, and two open cockpits in tandem. An unusual feature of the design was the highly swept, arrow-shaped upper wing, braced to the lower wing by N-type struts. Prototypes of the He 63 were built in both landplane and seaplane form, but no production ensued.

Conventional landing gear
Conventional landing gear, also known as tailwheel-type landing gear or taildragger, is a type of aircraft undercarriage (landing gear) consisting of two wheeled main gears forward of the center of gravity and a small wheel or skid at the rear end under the tail boom.

Taildraggers are the default undercarriage arrangements of almost all early aircraft up to the first half of the 20th century and the term "conventional" persists for this historical reason, but all modern jet aircraft and most modern propeller fixed-wing aircraft use tricycle landing gears instead, which have a single front gear (nose gear) and two aft main gears.
Tristan hotspot
The Tristan hotspot is a volcanic hotspot which is responsible for the volcanic activity which forms the volcanoes in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is thought to have formed the island of Tristan da Cunha and the Walvis Ridge on the African Plate.

African plate
The African plate, also known as the Nubian plate, is a major tectonic plate that includes most of the continent of Africa (except for its easternmost part) and the adjacent oceanic crust to the west and south. It also includes a narrow strip of Western Asia along the Mediterranean Sea, including much of Palestine and Lebanon.  It is bounded by the North American plate and South American plate to the west (separated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge); the Arabian plate and Somali plate to the east; the Eurasian plate, Aegean Sea plate and Anatolian plate to the north; and the Antarctic plate to the south.

Between 60 million years ago and 10 million years ago, the Somali plate began rifting from the African plate along the East African Rift. Since the continent of Africa consists of crust from both the African and the Somali plates, some literature refers to the African plate as the Nubian plate to distinguish it from the continent as a whole.
María Alicia de la Rosa López
María Alicia de la Rosa López (born 12 October 1963) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. She served as Municipal President of Aguascalientes from 1991 to 1992 following the resignation of Armando Romero Rosales.

Aguascalientes Municipality
Aguascalientes is a municipality in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes. Its municipal seat is the city of Aguascalientes, which is also the state capital. As of 2010, its population was 797,010, most of whom lived in the city of Aguascalientes.
Ragnvald Marensius Gundersen
Ragnvald Marensius Gundersen (10 August 1907 – 12 March 1985) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He was born in Glemminge.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from the "Market towns of Østfold and Akershus counties" in 1950, but was not re-elected in 1954. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the term 1945–1949, during parts of which he served as a regular representative, while Nils Hønsvald was appointed to the Cabinet.

Gundersen was a member of Fredrikstad city council in 1931–1934 and 1937–1940, and later served as mayor from 1945 to 1965 and deputy mayor from 1966 to 1971. He was also a deputy county mayor of Østfold county in 1963–1967, and county mayor in 1967–1971. He then sat one final term as a member of both Fredrikstad city council and Østfold county council from 1971–1975.

Politics of Norway
The politics of Norway take place in the framework of a parliamentary, representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the Council of State, the cabinet, led by the Prime Minister of Norway. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the legislature, the Storting, elected within a multi-party system. The judiciary is independent of the executive branch and the legislature.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Norway a "full democracy" in 2022.  According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Norway was 2023 the second most electoral democratic country in the world. Reporters Without Borders ranked Norway 1st in the world in the 2024 Press Freedom Index. Freedom House's 2020 Freedom in the World report classified Norway as "free", scoring maximum points in the categories of "political rights" and "civil liberties".
Prospekt Metalurhiv (Kryvyi Rih Metrotram)
Prospect Metalurhiv (lit. 'Metallurgists Avenue', Ukrainian: Проспект Металургiв) is a station on the Kryvyi Rih Metro. Opened on 2 May 1989 as part of the second segment of the second stage.

The construction is the same standard as the Kharkiv Metro single vault layout, with a provision for the platform to be raised. Decoratively, a large monolithic concrete vault with a series of niches with suspended luminescent chandeliers. Red brickwork and gray marble is used on walls whilst red and gray granite cover the floor.

The system reaches its deepest point, 22 meters between the two stations, Prospect Metalurhiv and Budynok Rad.

The station is situated on the intersection between the Metalurgists Avenue (Prospect Metalurhiv) and Unity (Sobornosti) Street near the Metalurh Stadium, home ground to FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih. The station has two underground vestibules, interconnected with subways.

Kharkiv Metro
The Kharkiv Metro (Ukrainian: Харківське метро or Харківський метрополітен) is the rapid transit system that serves the city of Kharkiv, the second largest city in Ukraine. The metro was the second in Ukraine (after Kyiv) and the sixth in the USSR when it opened on 22–23 August, 1975. The metro consists of three lines that operate on 38.7 kilometres (24.0 mi) of the route and serve 30 stations. The system transported 223 million passengers in 2018 (up from 212.85 million in 2017).
Lars Dahlqvist
Lars Dahlqvist (October 26, 1935, Njurunda – November 10, 1969) was a Swedish nordic combined skier who competed in the 1960s. He finished eighth in the Nordic combined event at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley.

Dahlqvist was born and died in Njurunda.

Olympic Valley, California
Olympic Valley (historically and informally known as Squaw Valley) is an unincorporated community located in Placer County, California, United States. It lies northwest of Tahoe City along California State Highway 89 on the banks of the Truckee River near Lake Tahoe. It is home to Palisades Tahoe (formerly Squaw Valley Ski Resort), the site of the 1960 Winter Olympics. Olympic Valley is the smallest resort area to host the Olympic Winter Games.
Pontocyprididae
Pontocyprididae is a family of ostracods belonging to the order Podocopida. There are two kinds of appearances within the pontocyprididae. Abyssocypris and Argilloecia genera include strong antennas, short claw like swimming setae, and small caudal ramus. Other generas include slender antennas, long and thin swimming setae, and caudal ramus.

Podocopida
The Podocopida are an order of ostracods in the subclass Podocopa. It is the most diverse of the five orders of ostracods, and the only one with freshwater species. The group also has a rich fossil record.

The superfamily Cytheroidea in the suborder Cytherocopina consists of non-swimming crawlers and burrowers. Most species are marine, but at least seven extant lineages have independently adapted to freshwater. The largest freshwater family is Limnocytheridae, with about 150 species in 20 genera.
De kabel
De kabel (English: The cable) is a nickname for a group of five Afro-Dutch association footballers of Surinamese descent, who at the time played for Dutch football club AFC Ajax and for the Netherlands national team. The term originated in the media following an alleged rift between players of the national team during the 1996 European Football Championship.

The members of the cable, as mentioned in the media were as follows:

Winston Bogarde

Edgar Davids

Patrick Kluivert

Michael Reiziger

Clarence Seedorf

The name arose during an interview on the TV show  Barend en Van Dorp, where Davids, Kluivert and Seedorf were present. This was where the term 'kabel' was first mentioned to describe the friendship between the three. During the 1996 UEFA Euro the term was then taken over to describe the aforementioned quintet.

Afro-Dutch people
Afro-Dutch or Black Dutch people are Dutch people who are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry. The majority of Afro-Dutch in the Netherlands are Afro-Caribbean and hail from the former and present Dutch overseas territories Suriname and the former Netherlands Antilles (mostly from Curaçao, Aruba and St Maarten). Of the approximately 500,000 Afro-Dutch people, about 300,000 people, or 60%, are from these territories. Whilst only a minority of Black Dutch citizens are of Sub-Saharan African migrant background, there is a sizable population of Cape Verdean, Ghanaian, Nigerian, Somali, Angolan and other African communities of more recent immigrants. The majority of Afro-Dutch people migrated to the Netherlands from the 1970s onwards, most of the recent migrants arriving either as political refugees seeking freedom or, more often, to escape regional conflicts, such as from Eritrea.
Dioclesian
Dioclesian (The Prophetess: or, The History of Dioclesian) is an English tragicomic semi-opera in five acts by Henry Purcell to a libretto by Thomas Betterton based on the play The Prophetess, by John Fletcher and Philip Massinger, which in turn was based very loosely on the life of the Emperor Diocletian. It was premiered in late May 1690 at the Queen's Theatre, Dorset Garden. The play was first produced in 1622. Choreography for the various dances was provided by Josias Priest, who worked with Purcell on several other semi-operas.

Betterton reworked the play extensively, making room for a great deal of  Purcell's music, notably in the 'monster' scene at the end of Act II and the final Masque about the victory of Love, which remained popular until well into the eighteenth century.

The premier production had a Prologue written by John Dryden that was suppressed after only one performance; it was far too critical of King William's military campaign in Ireland.

John Dryden
John Dryden (/ˈdraɪdən/; 19 August [O.S. 9 August] 1631 – 12 May [O.S. 1 May] 1700) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who in 1668 was appointed England's first Poet Laureate.

He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden. Romantic writer Sir Walter Scott called him "Glorious John".
Cephalocrotonopsis
Cephalocrotonopsis is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1910. It contains only one known species, Cephalocrotonopsis socotranus, endemic to the Socotra Islands in the Indian Ocean, part of the Republic of Yemen.

The species is listed as vulnerable.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Faddeev–Popov ghost
In physics, Faddeev–Popov ghosts (also called Faddeev–Popov gauge ghosts or Faddeev–Popov ghost fields) are extraneous fields which are introduced into gauge quantum field theories to maintain the consistency of the path integral formulation. They are named after Ludvig Faddeev and Victor Popov.

A more general meaning of the word "ghost" in theoretical physics is discussed in Ghost (physics).

Grassmann number
In mathematical physics, a Grassmann number, named after Hermann Grassmann (also called an anticommuting number or supernumber), is an element of the exterior algebra of a complex vector space. The special case of a 1-dimensional algebra is known as a dual number. Grassmann numbers saw an early use in physics to express a path integral representation for fermionic fields, although they are now widely used as a foundation for superspace, on which supersymmetry is constructed.