hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James S. Towers
James Shanks Towers (April 24, 1859 – April 18, 1926) was an American farmer, businessman, and politician.

Born in the town of Caledonia, Columbia County, Wisconsin, Towers went to Portage High School in Portage, Wisconsin. Towers was a farmer and served on the board of directors of the Merrimac State Bank. Towers served as chairman of the Caledonia Town Board and on the Columbia County Board of Supervisors. He also served on the school board. In 1909, Towers served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican. Towers died at his home in Portage, Wisconsin from a long illness.

Portage, Wisconsin
Portage is a city in Columbia County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 10,581 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city in Columbia County. It is part of the Madison metropolitan area.

Portage was named for the Fox–Wisconsin Waterway, a portage between the Fox River and the Wisconsin River, which was recognized by Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet during their discovery of a route to the Mississippi River in 1673. The city's slogan is "Where the North Begins."
Greg Shaw (judge)
James Gregory Shaw (born March 21, 1957) is an American lawyer who has served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama since 2009. He is a member of the Republican Party.  He was elected in 2008 to the seat of retiring Justice Harold See.  He was sworn into office in 2009. He was re-elected in 2014.  Prior to his election to the Supreme Court he served on the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals from 2001 to 2009. He is married to former Alabama State Auditor Samantha Shaw.

He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Auburn University and a Juris Doctor from Cumberland School of Law and a Master of Laws from the University of Virginia School of Law. Earlier in his career he worked for two other members of the Alabama Supreme Court, serving as staff attorney for Justice Janie L. Shores in 1984 and then joining the staff of Justice Gorman Houston in 1985.

Cumberland School of Law
The Cumberland School of Law is an ABA-accredited law school at Samford University in Homewood, Alabama, United States. It was founded in 1847 at Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee, and is the 11th oldest law school in the United States.

The school offers two degree programs: the 90-hour Juris Doctor (J.D.), and the Master of Comparative Law (M.C.L.), which is designed to educate foreign lawyers in the basic legal principles of the United States. The school also offers eight dual-degree programs and a Master of Laws (LL.M) program with concentrations in financial service regulatory compliance, health law and policy, higher education law and compliance, and legal project management.

Cumberland Law School is unrelated to the University of the Cumberlands in Williamsburg, Kentucky, and is no longer a part of Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee.
Danielle Sheypuk
Danielle Ann Sheypuk (born February 28, 1978) is an American psychologist and advocate for disability rights. Sheypuk is a self-described "sexpert" and leading commentator on the psychology of dating, relationships, and sexuality for the disabled population.

Because she was wheelchair-reliant since childhood, Sheypuk has used her personal story in her advocacy work, aiming to break down stigmas and stereotypes of the disabled population.

Stereotype
In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example, an expectation about the group's personality, preferences, appearance or ability. Stereotypes make information processing easier by allowing the perceiver to rely on previously stored knowledge in place of incoming information. Stereotypes are often faulty, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. Although stereotypes generally have negative implications, they are not necessarily so; they may be positive, neutral, or negative. They can be broken down into two categories: explicit stereotypes, which are conscious, and implicit stereotypes, which are subconscious.
Jessica Hardy
Jessica Adele Hardy Meichtry (born March 12, 1987) is an American competitive swimmer who specializes in breaststroke and freestyle events.  Hardy earned a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle and a gold medal in the 4×100-meter medley relays at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

She has won a total of twenty-eight medals in major international competition, fourteen gold, nine silver, and five bronze spanning the Olympics, World and the Pan Pacific Championships.

From 2008 to 2009, Hardy served a 12 month suspension from swimming competition due to an anti-doping rule violation at the 2008 Olympic Trials. She returned to competition in 2009, setting new long course world records in the 50-meter breaststroke and 100-meter breaststroke at the 2009 U.S. Open Swimming Championships.

U.S. Open (swimming)
The U.S. Open Swimming Championships, or U.S. Open, is a championship meet organized by USA Swimming which is open to international teams/swimmers. It was first held in 1985, and was held annually in December through 2006. Beginning in 2007, the meet's first-weekend-of-December timing was given over to the resurrected USA Short Course Nationals, and the U.S. Open moved to being held on an as-needed basis (generally in years where the USA championship that is swum is closed or partially closed to foreign swimmers). From 2007 to 2017, the meet was held in early August, in years where the U.S. Nationals were not held in August. In recent years, the meet has returned to the end of the calendar year.

The meet is traditionally a long course (50m) meet, although twice has been swum short course meters (25m): in 1996 and in 1998 (the latter where it immediately followed a World Aquatics Swimming World Cup meet).
Aleks Syntek
Raúl Alejandro Escajadillo Peña (born 29 September 1969), known by his stage name, Aleks Syntek, is a Mexican singer and songwriter. He has earned nine nominations for the Latin Grammy Awards, a Grammy nomination, five nominations for the MTV Latin Awards, and is the winner of three Latin Billboard awards. He has also received an Ariel award from the Mexican Academy of Cinematography for Best Film Music.

As a performer and singer Syntek has released 10 albums receiving Gold and Platinum disc awards for high sales. He has earned special awards such as "The Honor Composer Achievement Award" presented by the Univision Network by actor Edward James Olmos and also "The Music Legacy Award" presented by the North American Society of Composers SESAC. Syntek also starred and pioneered the hit show The Voice in México.

Malú
María Lucía Sánchez Benítez, known as Malú, is a Spanish singer.

She is the niece of the composer and guitarist Paco de Lucía, and is known for songs such as "Aprendiz", "Como Una Flor", "Toda", "Diles", "Si Estoy Loca" and "No Voy a Cambiar". In June 2020, she gave birth to a daughter with Albert Rivera, a former Citizens politician.
Joan Carden
Joan Carden AO OBE (born 9 October 1937) is an Australian operatic soprano.  She has been described as "a worthy successor to Dame Nellie Melba and Dame Joan Sutherland" and was sometimes known as "the other Joan" (a reference to Sutherland and Dame Joan Hammond) or "The People's Diva". She was a Principal Soprano with Opera Australia for 32 years, and was particularly associated with the title roles of Giacomo Puccini's Tosca and Madama Butterfly.  However, she sang over 50 other roles, from the 18th century, including virtually all the Mozart heroines, through to works by contemporary composers.

La traviata
La traviata (Italian: [la traviˈaːta, -aˈvjaː-]; The Fallen Woman) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on La Dame aux camélias (1852), a play by Alexandre Dumas fils, which he adapted from his own 1848 novel. The opera was originally titled Violetta, after the main character. It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at La Fenice opera house in Venice.

Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice insisted that it be set in the past, "c. 1700". It was not until the 1880s that the composer's and librettist's original wishes were carried out and "realistic" productions were staged. La traviata has become immensely popular and is among the most frequently performed of all operas.
Prayer at Jordan–Hare
The Prayer at Jordan-Hare was a touchdown from a Hail Mary pass thrown during a college football game between the Auburn Tigers and Georgia Bulldogs, played on November 16, 2013, at Jordan-Hare Stadium in Auburn in the 117th installment of the Deep South's Oldest Rivalry.

Down 38–37 against the No. 25-ranked Bulldogs with 36 seconds remaining in the game, the No. 7-ranked Tigers faced 4th down and 18 yards to go when junior quarterback Nick Marshall threw a 73-yard touchdown pass to sophomore wide receiver Ricardo Louis. The pass was accidentally tipped by Georgia's sophomore safety Josh Harvey-Clemons and freshman Tray Matthews as each tried to catch the ball. This accidental deflection surprised Louis, but it allowed Louis to catch the ball and to run away from both Harvey-Clemons and Matthews into the end zone for the game-winning touchdown. The score allowed Auburn to take a 43–38 lead that it held to break the tie in the all-time Georgia-Auburn American football series.

Auburn, Alabama
Auburn is a city in Lee County, Alabama, United States. It is the largest city in eastern Alabama. The population was 76,143 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city of the Auburn-Opelika Metropolitan Area. The Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA with a 2020 population of 193,773, along with the Columbus, GA-AL MSA and Tuskegee, Alabama, comprises the greater Columbus-Auburn-Opelika, GA-AL CSA, a region home to 563,967 residents as of 2020.

Auburn is a historic college town and home to Auburn University, the highest academically ranked university in the state. It is Alabama's fastest-growing metropolitan area and the 19th-fastest-growing metro area in the United States as measured since 1990. U.S. News ranked Auburn among its top ten list of best places to live in the United States for the year 2009. The city's unofficial nickname is "The Loveliest Village on the Plains", taken from a line in the poem The Deserted Village by Oliver Goldsmith: "Sweet Auburn! Loveliest village of the plain..."
Abbott-Firestone curve
The Abbott-Firestone curve or bearing area curve (BAC) describes the  surface texture of an object. The curve can be found from a profile trace by drawing lines parallel to the datum and measuring the fraction of the line which lies within the profile.

Mathematically it is the cumulative probability density function of the surface profile's height and can be calculated by integrating the probability density function.

The Abbott-Firestone curve was first described by Ernest James Abbott and Floyd Firestone in 1933. It is useful for understanding the properties of sealing and bearing surfaces. It is commonly used in the engineering and manufacturing of piston cylinder bores of internal combustion engines. The shape of the curve is distilled into several of the surface roughness parameters, especially the Rk family of parameters.

Floyd Firestone
Floyd Alburn Firestone (September 21, 1898 – January 6, 1986) was an acoustical physicist, engineer and inventor, who was a professor of physics at University of Michigan. Best known for introducing the mobility analogy and inventing the first practical ultrasonic testing method, he was the president of Acoustical Society of America from 1943 to 1945.
2019 Assen DTM round
The 2019 DTM Assen round was a motor racing event for the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters held between 20 and 21 July 2019. The event, part of the 33rd season of the DTM, was held at the TT Circuit Assen in the Netherlands.

Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters
The Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters, commonly abbreviated as the DTM, is a sports car racing series sanctioned by ADAC. The series is based in Germany, with rounds elsewhere in Europe. The series currently races a modified version of Group GT3 grand touring cars, replacing Class 1 Touring Cars in 2021.

From 2000 to 2020, the "new DTM" continued the former Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (German Touring Car Championship) and ITC (International Touring Car Championship) which had been discontinued after 1996 due to high costs. The series raced prototype silhouette racing cars based on a mass-production road car in the same period.

The second iteration went by the full name during its first five years. Since 2005, all official documents have only referred to the series using the abbreviated name.
Yulian-Yurii Dorosh
Yulian-Yurii Dorosh (Ukrainian: Юліан-Юрій Омелянович Дорош; 9 June 1909 – 20 July 1982) was a Ukrainian photographer-artist, pioneer of Ukrainian cinematography in Galicia, ethnographer, local historian. Member of the Ukrainian Photographic Society.

Kopychyntsi
Kopychyntsi (Ukrainian: Копичинці, IPA: [koˈpɪtʃɪnts⁽ʲ⁾i] ⓘ; Polish: Kopyczyńce; Yiddish: קאפיטשיניץ, romanized: Koptchintz) is a small city in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kopychyntsi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Kopychyntsi is the birthplace of Vasyl Ivanchuk, a chess grandmaster; Israel Jacob Kligler, who led the effort of eradicating malaria in Mandatory Palestine; and Pinhas Lavon, an Israeli politician. The population of the town is 7000. 
The population of Kopychyntsi municipality is 13 965.
Mont Revard
Mont Revard (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ ʁəvaʁ],) is a mountain in the Bauges Massif near Aix-les-Bains in Savoie, France with an elevation of 1,562 m (5,125 ft). The mountain is crossed by the D913 road between the villages of Saint-Jean-d'Arvey and Pugny-Chatenod near Aix-les-Bains. 
The ski resort of Le Revard is situated on the northern edge of the mountain at an elevation of 1,537 m (5,043 ft).

The summit of D913 has an elevation of 1,463 m (4,800 ft) and was crossed on the penultimate stage of the 2013 Tour de France (Stage 20). The Tour de France has crossed the pass twice previously and has had a stage finish twice on the summit.

Pugny-Chatenod
Pugny-Chatenod (French pronunciation: [pyɲi ʃatno]; Savoyard: Pounyi) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It is part of the urban area of Chambéry.
Bar Council of Kerala
Bar Council of Kerala is the regulatory and statutorily representative body for lawyers practicing law in the Indian state of Kerala. It was constituted as per the mandatory requirement as per Advocates Act, 1961 and Bar Council of India. In March 1953, S. R. Das as head of the 'All India Bar Committee', proposed the creation of the apex body as an All-India Bar Council and  Bar council at state levels and submitted a report to the Central Government of India.  Members of the Bar Council are elected from among members enrolled and practicing as lawyers practicing law in the state of Kerala and they represent the state in Bar Council of India meetings. Bar Council of a place designs standards of professional conduct to be followed by members, and designs etiquettes and has the power to enforce disciplinary guidelines over the members of bar council.

Professional conduct
Professional conduct is the field of regulation of members of professional bodies, either acting under statutory or contractual powers.

Historically, professional conduct was wholly undertaken by the private professional bodies, the sole legal authority for which was of a contractual nature. These bodies commonly established codes of conduct and ethical codes for the guidance of their members.

In certain areas, where the public interest is considered to be heavily engaged, legislation has been enacted, either replacing professional regulation by statutory legislation, or by a form of supervision of the professional body by a statutory body.
Henry Vits
Henry Vits (January 21, 1842 – December 7, 1921) was an American businessman and politician.

Born in Rheydt, Prussia, Vits emigrated with his parents to the United States in 1855 and settled in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Vits owned a grist mill and was involved with the tannery business. In 1898, Vits started the Manitowoc Aluminum Novelty Company in Manitowoc, which eventually merged into the combined Mirro Aluminum Company. Vits served as postmaster in Manitowoc during the administration of President Grover Cleveland. He also served on the school board, the Manitowoc Common Council, and the Manitowoc County Board of Supervisors. In 1878, Vits served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. He died  suddenly of a stroke at his home in Manitowoc.

Rheydt
Rheydt (German: [ˈʁaɪt]) is a borough of the German city Mönchengladbach, located in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia. Until 1918 and then again from 1933 (due to a split from Mönchengladbach arranged by Joseph Goebbels, who was born there) through 1975 it was an independent city.
After merging with Mönchengladbach, the central station (Rheydt Hauptbahnhof) kept its original name, making Mönchengladbach the only city in Germany to have two stations called Hauptbahnhof.

Schloss Rheydt, one of the best-preserved palaces of the Renaissance period, is located in Rheydt.
Sogaria (Kota)–Danapur Express
The 19801 / 19802 Sogaria (Kota)–Danapur Express is an Express train belonging to West Central Railway zone that runs between the city Sogaria (Kota) of Rajasthan and Danapur of Bihar in India.

It operates as train number 19801 from Sogaria (Kota) to Danapur and as train number 19802 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

West Central Railway zone
The West Central Railway (abbreviated WCR), one of the 19 zones of the Indian Railways, came into existence on 1 April 2003. It is headquartered at Jabalpur. It was created by taking away two divisions namely Bhopal division and Jabalpur division from central railways and one division namely Kota division from Western Railway zone. The WCR zone provides rail route coverage to the west central region of India. Most of its route is in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan with a very little portion in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
Jonas Ahnelöv
Jonas Peter Ahnelöv (born 11 December 1987) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman who plays for Södertälje SK of HockeyAllsvenskan. He was originally selected by the Phoenix Coyotes, 88th overall, in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft.

HockeyAllsvenskan
HockeyAllsvenskan (previously Allsvenskan and SuperAllsvenskan) is a professional ice hockey league, and the second-highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system, after the SHL. Since the 2009–10 season, the league has consisted of fourteen teams.
Daniel Greenberg (game designer)
Daniel Greenberg is a video game and role-playing game designer and author. He has worked with publishing companies such as Palladium Books, Mayfair Games, Pulsar Games, and Last Unicorn Games, but probably most extensively with White Wolf on supplements to the Vampire: The Masquerade and other storyteller games. He has also written scripts for numerous video games, including: X-Men: The Mutant Wars, Vampire: The Masquerade - Redemption, Tenchu 2: Birth Of The Stealth Assassins, Star Control 3, Star Trek: Starfleet Academy, and many others, including educational titles for The Walt Disney Company.

Star Trek: Starfleet Academy (1997 video game)
Star Trek: Starfleet Academy is a Star Trek PC simulation game developed and published by Interplay in 1997. The game simulates the life of a typical Starfleet cadet, with the player learning the basics of flying a starship and engaging in roleplaying with a crew of cadets, with the eventual goal of becoming captain of their own ship. The game included full motion video featuring William Shatner, Walter Koenig, and George Takei reprising their roles from the original television series and movies, and a multiplayer simulation mode allowing for up to 32 players.

A tie-in novelization by Diane Carey was released by Pocket Books in June 1997. The game received an expansion pack in 1998 titled Chekov's Lost Missions and a sequel was released in 2000 called Star Trek: Klingon Academy. Abridged versions of the base game were also released with the subtitles Cadet Briefing and Strategic Command.
Alejandro Zapata Perogordo
José Alejandro Zapata Perogordo (born 20 November 1958) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PAN. As of 2013 he served as Senator of the LX and LXI Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing San Luis Potosí. He also served as Deputy during the LVIII Legislature.

LVIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LVIII Legislature of the Congress of the Union of Mexico (58th Congress) met from 1 September 2000 to 31 August 2003. All 628 members of the two chambers of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2000.
HNLMS Java (1885)
The Dutch ship HNLMS Java launched in 1885 at Rotterdam was a sloop or small unprotected cruiser.

The ship was named after the island of Java in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).  This ship was a small colonial warship, larger than most gunboats but weaker than a protected cruiser.  The term sloop in the steamship era was used by some navies including the British Navy for what were essentially large gunboats.  The Java resembled the Spanish unprotected cruisers of the Velasco class, which were used for colonial duties (and the unsuccessful defense of Manila Bay in 1898).

On 27 March 1886, she collided with the British full-rigged ship Loch Broom in the Atlantic Ocean 12 nautical miles (22 km) west of the Eddystone Rock, Cornwall, United Kingdom and was severely damaged. Four of her crew got aboard Loch Broom. HNLMS Java was on a voyage from Rotterdam, South Holland to Java, Netherlands East Indies. She put in to Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom.

Full-rigged ship
A full-rigged ship or fully rigged ship is a sailing vessel with a sail plan of three or more masts, all of them square-rigged. Such a vessel is said to have a ship rig or be ship-rigged, with each mast stepped in three segments: lower, top, and topgallant.
Hi Church
Hiram Lincoln Church  (November 23, 1863 – February 23, 1926) was an American baseball player. He played for the 1890 Brooklyn Gladiators in the American Association. He also played college ball at Syracuse University.

Brooklyn Gladiators
The Brooklyn Gladiators were a Major League Baseball team in the American Association during the 1890 season. They were last in the league with a 26–73 record when the franchise folded on August 27, 1890.
Filariasis
Filariasis is a filarial infection caused by parasitic nematodes (roundworms) spread by different vectors. They are included in the list of neglected tropical diseases.

The most common type is lymphatic filariasis caused by three species of Filaria that are spread by mosquitoes. Other types of filariasis are onchocerciasis also known as river blindness caused by Onchocerca volvulus; Loa loa filariasis (Loiasis) caused by Loa loa; Mansonelliasis caused by three species of Mansonella, and  Dirofilariasis caused by two types of Dirofilaria. All of these worms belong to the superfamily Filarioidea.

Mansonella
Mansonella is a genus of parasitic nematodes. It includes three species that are responsible for the disease mansonelliasis: Mansonella ozzardi, M. perstans, and M. streptocerca. A potential fourth species has been identified in Gabon in 2015 and proposed as a new species Mansonella sp. "DEUX". Whole-genome sequences from Mansonella perstans, Mansonella ozzardi, and the newly proposed species Mansonella sp. "DEUX" have been assembled.