hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cinnamomum tamala
Cinnamomum tamala, Indian bay leaf, also known as tejpat, tejapatta, Malabar leaf, Indian bark, Indian cassia, or malabathrum, is a tree in the family Lauraceae that is native to northern India (Assam and the Western Himalayas), Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, and southwestern China. It can grow up to 20 m (66 ft) tall. Its leaves have a clove-like aroma with a hint of peppery taste; they are used for culinary and medicinal purposes. It is thought to have been one of the major sources of the medicinal plant leaves known in classic and medieval times as malabathrum (or malobathrum).

Western Himalayas
The Western Himalayas are the western half of the Himalayas, in  northwestern India and northern Pakistan. Four of the five tributaries of the Indus River in Punjab (Beas, Chenab, Jhelum, and Ravi) rise in the Western Himalayas; while the fifth, the Sutlej cuts through the range after rising in Tibet Autonomous Region of China

Included within the Western Himalayas are the Zanskar Range, the Pir Panjal Range, and the Dhauladhar Range, and western parts of the Sivalik Range and the Great Himalayas. The highest point is Nanga Parbat (26,660 feet or 8,126 metres), at the northwestern end of the region. It is part of the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot.

Climate in high altitudes of the Western Himalayas is poorly known due to the difficulties in maintaining observational networks. A historical name for a substantial proportion of the Western Himalayan range was the Punjab Hills.
Valenti rock
Valenti (Greek: Βαλέντι) is a rock close to the northwestern coast of Crete in the Aegean Sea. It is just south of the island of Imeri Gramvousa and the islet of Arnaouti. Administratively, it is located within the municipality of Kissamos, in Chania regional unit.

Valenti is mentioned in poems and mantinades and usually with Gramvousa. In March 2008, a fatal nautical accident, resulting in the death of a 42-year-old man, occurred close to the rock and it is noted in a bulletin of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Islands and Fisheries.

Mantinada
Mantinada (Greek: μαντινάδα), plural mantinades (μαντινάδες) is the art of musical declamation (recitative) in form of a narrative or dialogue, sung in the rhythm of accompanying music. It is prominent in several parts of Greece, especially on the island of Crete where mantinades are performed in accompaniment of the Cretan lyra and Cretan laouto (a stringed instrument resembling lute).
The word is derived from Venetian matinada, meaning "morning song".

They typically consist of Cretan rhyming couplets, often improvised during dance music. The rhymed Cretan poetry of the Renaissance, especially the verse epic Erotokritos, is reminiscent of the mantinada, and couplets from Erotokritos have been used as mantinades. Mantinades have either love or satire as their topics.  They are invariably composed in dekapentasyllabos verse and are often antiphonal, i.e. a verse elicits a response and this leads to another response and so on.
Banner Island Ballpark
Banner Island Ballpark is a ballpark located in Stockton, California, on the Stockton waterfront, which seats 5,200 people with 4,200 fixed seats. It is the home field of the Stockton Ports, a minor league affiliate of the athletics in the California League, who moved there after spending several decades at their previous home Billy Hebert Field.

California League
The California League is a Minor League Baseball league that operates in California. Having been classified at various levels throughout its existence, it operated at Class A-Advanced from 1990 until its demotion to Single-A following Major League Baseball's 2021 reorganization of the minor leagues. The league temporarily operated for the 2021 season as the Low-A West before re-assuming its original moniker in 2022.

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, league attendance continued to increase each season, with over one million fans attending games per year, part of a general nationwide growth and expansion to smaller towns, cities, and regions below those in the National League or American League with Minor League Baseball at various levels of play in growing popularity in the last few decades.
Peter Halm
Peter Ignaz Johann Halm, later Von Halm (14 December 1854, Mainz – 25 January 1923, Munich), was a German etcher who served as a professor of etching at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, from 1901 to 1923.

Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
The Academy of Fine Arts, Munich (German: Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, also known as Munich Academy) is one of the oldest and most significant art academies in Germany. It is located in the Maxvorstadt district of Munich, in Bavaria, Germany.

In the second half of the 19th century, the academy became one of the most important institutions in Europe for training artists and attracted students from across Europe and the United States.
Buttons (film)
Buttons is a 1927 American silent drama film directed by George W. Hill and written by Marian Constance Blackton, Ralph Spence, and Hayden Talbot. The film stars Jackie Coogan, Lars Hanson, Gertrude Olmstead, Paul Hurst, and Roy D'Arcy. The film was released on December 24, 1927, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

It is one of the few Jackie Coogan films to be considered a lost film.

Jackie Coogan
John Leslie Coogan (October 26, 1914 – March 1, 1984) was an American actor and comedian who began his film career as a child actor in silent films. Coogan's title role in Charlie Chaplin's film The Kid (1921) made him one of the first child stars in the history of Hollywood.

He later sued his mother and stepfather over his squandered film earnings and inspired California to enact the first known legal protection for the earnings of child performers, the California Child Actor's Bill, widely known as the "Coogan Act".

Coogan continued to act throughout his life, later earning renewed fame in middle age portraying Uncle Fester in the 1960s television series The Addams Family.
Ceres Polar Lander
Ceres Polar Lander (CPL) is a European mission concept for a lander to Ceres that would search for biosignatures. Published in 2008, the concept calls for a low-cost mission using reliable existing technology to complement other larger missions. The original concept of the mission was to search for water ice and signs of life in permanently shadowed craters near Ceres' north pole. However, with new information from the Dawn mission, it is now thought that water ice can be found on other locations on Ceres and that Occator crater may be a more desirable scientific target.

If funded and launched, it would take about four years to reach Ceres, assuming a launch by a Soyuz rocket.

Permanently shadowed crater
A permanently shadowed crater  is a depression on a body in the Solar System within which lies a point that is always in darkness. As of 2019, there are 324 known permanently shadowed regions on the Moon. Such regions also exist on Mercury and Ceres.
Buyeo Hyo
Buyeo Hyo (扶餘孝, ? – ?) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a son of the last king, Uija of Baekje. When Sabi, the capital fell to the Silla–Tang alliance in 660 he fled to Ungjin with his mother the queen.

They went to Busosanseong (Busosan Fortress) where they held out for a short time but there were many that knew that could not withstand the forces of the Silla–Tang alliance and a certain soldier opened up the gate and surrendered to fortress. After this he was taken to Luoyang in China where he disappears from history.

His younger brother, Zenkō (善光 or 禅広), settled in Japan and was given the family name Kudara no Konikishi (百濟王; king of Baekje) by the emperor of Japan.

Ungjin
Ungjin, also known as Gomnaru (Hangul: 곰나루; literally "bear port") or traditionally, Gomanaru/Komanaru (Hangul: 고마나루), is a former city on the Korean Peninsula.  It was located in modern-day Gongju, South Chungcheong province, South Korea.  It was the capital of Paekche from AD 475 to 538, during a period when Paekche was under threat from Goguryeo, the previous capital of Wiryeseong (modern-day Seoul) having been overrun. In 538, King Seong moved the capital to Sabi (in modern-day Buyeo County). Ungjin is now known as Gongju.

Notable historical places of Ungjin Paekche are Gongsan Fortress and Tomb of King Muryeong.
William Say (MP for Camelford)
William Say (1604 – c. 1666) was an English member of parliament and one of the regicides of King Charles I.

Say was educated at University College, Oxford and the Middle Temple before being called to the Bar in 1631. In 1647, he was elected as an MP for Camelford.

In January 1649, as a commissioner of the High Court of Justice at the trial of King Charles, he was 48th of the 59 signatories on the death warrant of the King. After the Restoration, Say escaped to Vevey, Switzerland, where he joined Edmund Ludlow.

Camelford (UK Parliament constituency)
Camelford was a rotten borough in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons in the English and later British Parliament from 1552 to 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act.
Brandon Niederauer
Brandon "Taz" Niederauer (born March 16, 2003) is an American guitarist and actor from Dix Hills, New York. He starred in the musical School of Rock on Broadway. Nicknamed 'Taz' by his guitar teacher, William Mignoli, because his frenetic playing reminded Mignoli of the Tazmanian Devil from Looney Tunes cartoons, he has appeared on many television shows including: The Ellen Show, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, Good Morning America, The View, and She's Gotta Have It.

Tasmanian Devil (Looney Tunes)
The Tasmanian Devil (also spelled Tazmanian Devil), commonly referred to as "Taz", is a cartoon character featured in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. Though the character appeared in only five shorts before Warner Bros. Cartoons shut down in 1963, marketing and television appearances later propelled Taz to new popularity throughout the 1990s.
Syn-Propanethial-S-oxide
syn-Propanethial S-oxide (or (Z)-propanethial S-oxide), a member of a class of organosulfur compounds known as thiocarbonyl S-oxides (formerly "sulfines"), is a volatile liquid that acts as a lachrymatory agent (triggers tearing and stinging on contact with the eyes).

Thioketone
In organic chemistry, thioketones (from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'; also known as thiones or thiocarbonyls) are organosulfur compounds related to conventional ketones in which the oxygen has been replaced by a sulfur. Instead of a structure of R2C=O, thioketones have the structure R2C=S, which is reflected by the prefix "thio-" in the name of the functional group. Thus the simplest thioketone is thioacetone, the sulfur analog of acetone. Unhindered alkylthioketones typically tend to form polymers or rings.
Lavallée Lake
Lavallée Lake is a lake in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is in an Important Bird Area (IBA) of Canada designated as Lavallee Lake (SK 004) and is the site of the second largest breeding colony of white pelicans in Canada. It is in an access-controlled area at the northern boundary of Prince Albert National Park. It is a Class I Special Protection Zone, the only such zone that fully protects a white pelican colony in Canada.

The lake is in the Waskesiu Upland along the course of the Smoothstone River. The Smoothstone River flows north into Pinehouse Lake, which is along the course of the Churchill River.

American white pelican
The American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) is a large aquatic soaring bird from the order Pelecaniformes. It breeds in interior North America, moving south and to the coasts, as far as Costa Rica, in winter.
Stratford Street Mosque
Stratford Street Mosque (officially the Omar Mosque or Masjid-e-Umar) is a mosque in Beeston, Leeds, England.

Three people responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings (Shehzad Tanweer, Mohammad Sidique Khan and Hasib Hussain) were regulars at Friday prayers at the mosque. Stratford Street mosque is just a few streets away from the Colwyn Road home of Tanweer, who caused the Aldgate explosion.

Mumir Shah, the imam of the mosque, condemned the London bombings at Friday prayers a day after the attacks, telling worshippers "that all human beings are brothers because of our grandfather, Adam (reported elsewhere as Abraham)" and that the message of Islam is one of "peace and friendship."

Friday prayer
Friday prayer, or congregational prayer (Arabic: صلاة الجمعة, romanized: ṣalāt al-jumuʿa), is the meeting together of Muslims for communal prayer and a service at midday every Friday. In Islam, the day itself is called Yawm al-Jum'ah (shortened to Jum'ah), which translated from Arabic means "Day of Meeting", "Day of Assembly" or "Day of Congregation".

On this day, all Muslim men are expected to meet and participate at the designated place of meeting and prostration (mosque), with certain exceptions due to distance and situation. Women and children can also participate, but do not fall under the same obligation that men do.

In many Muslim countries, the weekend includes Fridays, and in others, Fridays are half-days for schools and some workplaces. It is one of the most exalted Islamic rituals and one of its confirmed obligatory acts.
German Free-minded Party
The German Free-minded Party (German: Deutsche Freisinnige Partei, DFP) or German Radical Party was a short-lived liberal party in the German Empire, founded on 5 March 1884 as a result of the merger of the German Progress Party and the Liberal Union, an 1880 split-off of the National Liberal Party.

Albert Hänel
Albert Hänel (10 June 1833, in Leipzig – 12 May 1918, in Kiel) was a German jurist, legal historian and liberal politician. He was one of the leaders of the German Progress Party, and served as Rector of the University of Kiel. He served as a member of the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, the Reichstag of the North German Confederation and the Imperial Reichstag, and was Vice President of both the Prussian Chamber of Deputies and the Imperial Reichstag.
Listed buildings in Allerston
Allerston is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It contains ten listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.   Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Allerston and the surrounding countryside.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages and farmhouses, and the others consist of a church, a bank of limekilns, and a former cornmill.

Lime kiln
A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called quicklime (calcium oxide). The chemical equation for this reaction is: CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2

This reaction can take place at anywhere above 840 °C (1,540 °F), but is generally considered to occur at 900 °C (1,650 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 1 atmosphere), but a temperature around 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 3.8 atmospheres) is usually used to make the reaction proceed quickly. Excessive temperature is avoided because it produces unreactive, "dead-burned" lime.

Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) can be formed by mixing quicklime with water.
Metu Zuria
Metu Zuria is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Illubabor Zone, Metu Zuria is bordered on the south by Ale, on the southwest by Bure, on the west by the Kelem Welega Zone, on the north by Darimu, on the northeast by Supena Sodo, on the east by Yayu and on the southeast by Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region. The former Metu woreda was separated for Bicho, Bilo Nopha and Metu Zuria woredas and Metu Town.

Metu, Ethiopia
Metu (Oromo: Mattuu) is a market town and separate woreda in south-western Ethiopia. Located in the Illubabor Zone of the Oromia along the Sor River, this town has a latitude and longitude of 8°18′N 35°35′E﻿ / ﻿8.300°N 35.583°E﻿ / 8.300; 35.583 and an altitude of 1605 meters. Metu was the capital of the former Illubabor Province from 1978 until the adoption of the new constitution in 1995.

Metu has been an important market of the coffee trade, with several foreigners residing in the town as early as the 1930s to buy the crops from local farmers. At this early date, the town was connected by telephone to Gore and Addis Ababa. The town's source of electricity is the nearby Sor Hydroelectric Station.  The city also has a high school and hospital.

Metu is known for its local waterfalls, the best known being the Sor Falls and their surrounding forest with its wildlife.
Wakanohō Toshinori
Wakanohō Toshinori (born July 8, 1988 as Soslan Aleksandrovich Gagloev (Russian: Сосла́н Алекса́ндрович Гагло́ев)) is a retired Russian sumo wrestler. His highest rank was maegashira 1. He became the first active wrestler to be dismissed from sumo, after being arrested for possession of cannabis in August 2008. He has also played college football at the University of South Florida, Webber International University, and Warner University. As of July 2014, he lives in Florida.

Kasuganishiki Takahiro
Kasuganishiki Takahiro (born August 22, 1975 as Takahiro Suzuki) is a former sumo wrestler from Misaki, Isumi District, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. He made his debut in 1991, reaching the top makuuchi division in 2002. His highest rank was maegashira 5. He retired in 2011 and became an elder of the Japan Sumo Association under the name Takenawa, but admitted involvement in match-fixing after text messages were found on his mobile phone that showed he had arranged the result of bouts with fellow wrestlers the previous year. His testimony was part of the Sumo Association's investigation into the affair which led to 22 other wrestlers being found guilty, most of whom were ordered to retire. Given a two-year suspension, he  instead left sumo completely.
Akrafena
An afena (Twi to mean sword) is an Akan sword, originally meant for warfare but also forming part of Akan heraldry. The foremost example of an afena is the Mponponsuo (meaning "responsibility"), which belonged to Opoku Ware II. It has survived to the present day because it is still occasionally used in ceremonies, such as the Akwasidae Festival.

The expert use of afena is also a martial art, utilising the blade in conjunction with knives, improvised weapons, street-fighting, hand-to-hand combat, joint locks, grappling and weapon disarming techniques, as well as using the martial art of afena unarmed. The afena martial art is the national sport of the Ashanti Region.

Opoku Ware II
Otumfuo Opoku Ware II (born Jacob Matthew Poku; 30 November 1919 – 26 February 1999) was the 15th Asantehene. He succeeded his uncle Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II on 27 July 1970.  He ruled for 29 years until his death in February 1999. He was succeeded by Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II.
Euphorbia florida
Euphorbia florida, the Chiricahua milk spurge or Chiricahua Mountain sandmat, is an annual plant in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) found in the Sonoran Desert of the mountains of southern Arizona and north-western Mexico.: 55

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Dynkin index
In mathematics, the Dynkin index  of finite-dimensional highest-weight representations of a compact simple Lie algebra  relates their trace forms via

In the particular case where  is the highest root, so that  is the adjoint representation, the Dynkin index  is equal to the dual Coxeter number.

The notation  is the trace form on the representation . By Schur's lemma, since the trace forms are all invariant forms, they are related by constants, so the index is well-defined.

Since the trace forms are bilinear forms, we can take traces to obtain

where the Weyl vector

is equal to half of the sum of all the positive roots of .  The expression  is the value of the quadratic Casimir in the representation .

Bilinear form
In mathematics, a bilinear form is a bilinear map V × V → K on a vector space V (the elements of which are called vectors) over a field K (the elements of which are called scalars). In other words, a bilinear form is a function B : V × V → K that is linear in each argument separately:

B(u + v, w) = B(u, w) + B(v, w)     and     B(λu, v) = λB(u, v)

B(u, v + w) = B(u, v) + B(u, w)     and     B(u, λv) = λB(u, v)

The dot product on  is an example of a bilinear form which is also an inner product. An example of a bilinear form that is not an inner product would be the four-vector product.

The definition of a bilinear form can be extended to include modules over a ring, with linear maps replaced by module homomorphisms.

When K is the field of complex numbers C, one is often more interested in sesquilinear forms, which are similar to bilinear forms but are conjugate linear in one argument.
Busbridge (surname)
Busbridge is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Busbridge (1885–1943), Australian rules footballer

Ida Busbridge (1908–1988), British mathematician

Norm Busbridge (1887–1953), Australian rules footballer

Phil Busbridge (1920–1975), Australian rules footballer

Phil Busbridge
Phillip Stephen Busbridge (4 September 1920 – 11 December 1975) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

He also served in the Royal Australian Air Force during World War II.
Tristel Formation
The Tristel Formation is a stratigraphic formation of the northern-central Alps, deposited between the late Barremian and the early Aptian of the Early Cretaceous. It consists of thickly banked limestones, marls and shales. It is the lowest formation of the Bündnerschiefer and belongs to the Rhenodanubic Group.

Outcrops can be found in the Engadin window, the Tauern window, the Rechnitz window, and many localities of the Penninic realm of the eastern and western Alps.

The type locality is the area around the Naafkopf (47°03′39″N 9°36′25″E﻿ / ﻿47.060767°N 9.607067°E﻿ / 47.060767; 9.607067) in the border region of Austria, Liechtenstein and Switzerland.

The Tristel Formation can be correlated with the Klus Formation in Graubünden and the Couches de l’Aroley Formation in Savoie (France) and Valais (Switzerland).

Naafkopf
The Naafkopf is a mountain in the Rätikon range of the Alps, located at the border between Austria, Liechtenstein and Switzerland.  The summit tripoint is marked with a large wooden cross supported on a brick base extending in three directions.
FX (Canadian TV channel)
FX is a Canadian English-language television channel majority owned by Rogers Sports & Media, a division of Rogers Communications (which owns a controlling 66.64% interest and serves as managing partner), with a minority stake held by the FX Networks subsidiary of Disney General Entertainment Content (which owns the remaining 33.36%). based on the U.S. cable network of the same name, FX is devoted primarily to scripted dramas and comedies.

Disney Entertainment Television
Disney Entertainment Television, formerly ABC Group, Disney–ABC Television Group, the second incarnation of Walt Disney Television and Disney General Entertainment Content, is a division of the Disney Entertainment business segment of the Walt Disney Company that oversees its owned-and-operated television content, assets and sub-divisions.

Founded on September 5, 1996, sub-divisions of DET include the American Broadcasting Company, ABC News, Disney Branded Television, Disney Television Studios,  Freeform, FX Networks, Hulu Original Content Teams, and National Geographic.