hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Translatio studii
Translatio studii (Latin for "transfer of learning") is a historiographical concept which originated in the Middle Ages in which history is viewed as a linear succession of transfers of knowledge or learning from one geographical place and time to another. The concept is closely linked to translatio imperii, which similarly describes the movement of imperial dominance.  Both terms are thought to have their origins in the second chapter of the Book of Daniel in the Hebrew Bible (verses 39–40).

Chrétien de Troyes
Chrétien de Troyes (Modern French: [kʁetjɛ̃ də tʁwa]; Old French: Crestien de Troies [kresˈtjẽn də ˈtrojəs]; fl. c. 1160–1191) was a French poet and trouvère known for his writing on Arthurian subjects such as Gawain, Lancelot, Perceval, and the Holy Grail. Chrétien's chivalric romances, including Erec and Enide, Lancelot, Perceval, and Yvain, represent some of the best-regarded works of medieval literature. His use of structure, particularly in Yvain, has been seen as a step toward the modern novel.
Benji Samit
Benjamin Adam Samit (born July 21, 1984) is an American film and television writer and producer who is most notable for writing Detective Pikachu, which he wrote with his writing partner, Dan Hernandez (along with Rob Letterman, Derek Connolly, and Nicole Perlman). On television, Samit and Hernandez have written for One Day at a Time, The Tick, Super Fun Night, and 1600 Penn. They were named in Paste Magazine's list of the top 28 comedy writers of 2018. In 2019, Samit and Hernandez signed a long-term deal with 20th Century Fox Television to develop, write and produce live-action and animated series.

Super Fun Night
Super Fun Night is an American television sitcom that aired on ABC from October 2, 2013, to February 19, 2014. The series was broadcast during the 2013–14 television season on ABC in the Wednesday night 9:30 pm (ET/PT) slot after Modern Family. The series stars and was created by Rebel Wilson; it was green-lit by ABC for a series order pick-up on May 10, 2013. On May 9, 2014, ABC canceled the series after one season.
Żółwia Błoć
Żółwia Błoć [ˈʐuu̯vja ˈbwɔt͡ɕ] (formerly German: Barfußdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Goleniów, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Goleniów and 28 km (17 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

During World War II, the German Nazi government operated a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag II-D prisoner-of-war camp in the village.

German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II
Nazi Germany operated around 1,000 prisoner-of-war camps (German: Kriegsgefangenenlager) during World War II (1939-1945).

The most common types of camps were Oflags ("Officer camp") and Stalags ("Base camp" – for enlisted personnel POW camps), although other less common types existed as well.
Jacques Bureau
Jacques Bureau, PC KC (July 9, 1860 – January 23, 1933) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Trois-Rivières, Canada East, the son of J. Napoleon Bureau and Sophie Gingras, Bureau was educated at Nicolet College and received a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1881 from Laval University. A lawyer, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Three Rivers and St. Maurice in the 1900 federal election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1904, 1908, 1911, 1917, and 1921. From 1907 to 1911, he was the Solicitor General of Canada. From 1921 to 1925, he was the Minister of Customs and Excise. In 1925, after his involvement in the King-Byng Affair, he was called to the Senate of Canada representing the senatorial division of La Salle, Quebec. He served until his death in 1933.

1900 Canadian federal election
The 1900 Canadian federal election was held on November 7, 1900, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 9th Parliament of Canada. As a result of the election, the Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier, was re-elected to a second majority government, defeating the Conservative Party and Liberal-Conservatives led by Charles Tupper.
Tim Newsham
Tim Newsham is a computer security professional.  He has been contributing to the security community for more than a decade.  He has performed research while working at security companies including @stake, Guardent, ISS, and Network Associates (originally Secure Networks).

@stake
ATstake, Inc. (stylized as @stake) was a computer security professional services company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded in 1999 by Battery Ventures (Tom Crotty, Sunil Dhaliwal, and Scott Tobin) and Ted Julian. Its initial core team of technologists included Dan Geer (Chief Technical Officer) and the East Coast security team from Cambridge Technology Partners (including Dave Goldsmith). Its initial core team of executives included Christopher Darby (Chief Executive Officer), James T. Mobley (Chief Operating Officer), and Christina Luconi (Chief People Officer).
2006 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix
The 2006 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix was the 13th Summer Grand Prix season in ski jumping on plastic. Season began on 5 August 2006 in Hinterzarten, Germany and ended on 3 October 2006 in Oberhof.

Other competitive circuits this season included the World Cup and Continental Cup.

Oberhof, Germany
Oberhof (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐhoːf] ⓘ) is a town in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district of Thuringia, Germany. Located in the Thuringian Forest mountain range, it is a winter sports center and health resort. With 1,625 inhabitants (December 2016), it is visited by 144,000 tourists every year (2016). The town obtained its official city status in 1985.
1999 Currie Cup
The 1999 Currie Cup was the 61st season of the Currie Cup, South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition, since it started in 1889. The competition was known as the Bankfin Currie Cup for sponsorship reasons and was contested from 2 June to 9 September 1999.

The competition was won by the Golden Lions for the ninth time in their history; they beat Sharks 32–9 in the final played on 11 September 1999.

Griffons (rugby union)
The Griffons, currently known as the Novavit Griffons for sponsorship reasons, are a South African rugby union team that participates in the annual Currie Cup and SA Cup tournaments. They play out of Welkom at North West Stadium, and draw players from roughly the eastern third of Free State Province (the remainder of the province comprises the territory of the Free State Cheetahs).
Warren Loving
Warren Eric Loving (born November 12, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL) in 1987. He played college football for the William Penn Statesmen. He appeared in two games as part of the Bills' replacement team during the 1987 players' strike. Loving previously participated in the Miami Dolphins training camp before the 1986 NFL season, and was signed by the New York Jets before being cut in September 1987.

Raised in Jersey City, New Jersey, Loving attended James J. Ferris High School.

William Penn University
William Penn University is a private university in Oskaloosa, Iowa, United States. It was founded by members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in 1873 as Penn College. In 1933, the name was changed to William Penn College, and finally to William Penn University in 2000.
Gainerie
Gainerie is the craft of making and covering rigid supports (wood, board, metal, plastics) to produce cases, scabbards and sheaths for arms and precious objects, as well as boxes, desk sets (e.g. desk pads), stands and other presentation or furnishing items—traditionally clad in leather, but also in paper or imitation leathers.

Skilled gainiers may dye their own leathers and apply ornament by hot tools (dorure au fer) and other finishing techniques.

Francis II of France
Francis II (French: François II; 19 January 1544 – 5 December 1560) was King of France from 1559 to 1560. He was also King of Scotland as the husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, from 1558 until his death in 1560.

He ascended the throne of France at age 15 after the accidental death of his father, Henry II, in 1559. His short reign was dominated by the first stirrings of the French Wars of Religion.

Although the royal age of majority was 14, his mother, Catherine de' Medici, entrusted the reins of government to his wife Mary's uncles from the House of Guise, staunch supporters of the Catholic cause. They were unable to help Catholics in Scotland against the progressing Scottish Reformation, however, and the Auld Alliance was dissolved.

After dying of an ear infection, Francis was succeeded by two of his brothers in turn, both of whom were also unable to reduce tensions between Protestants and Catholics.
Salt Fire (2021)
The Salt Fire was a wildfire that burned 12,660 acres (5,123 ha) in the Lakehead area north of Shasta Lake in Shasta County, California in the United States during the 2021 California wildfire season. The fire was first reported on Wednesday, June 30, 2021, and it was fully contained on July 19, 2021. The fire destroyed forty-one structures, including twenty-seven residences and fourteen outbuildings, and damaged four additional outbuildings. Although the cause remains under investigation, officials from the Shasta–Trinity National Forest believe that the fire was likely sparked by hot material that fell from a vehicle on Interstate 5 and landed in dry brush next to the freeway.

Shasta County, California
Shasta County (/ˈʃæstə/ ⓘ), officially the County of Shasta, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its population is 182,155 as of the 2020 census, up from 177,223 recorded in 2010. The county seat is Redding. The county is bordered by Modoc County, Lassen County, Siskiyou County, Plumas County, Tehama County and Trinity County.

Shasta County comprises the Redding, California metropolitan statistical area. The county occupies the northern part of the Sacramento Valley, with portions extending into the southern reaches of the Cascade Range. Points of interest in Shasta County include Shasta Lake, Lassen Peak, and the Sundial Bridge.
Illinois Department of Insurance
The Illinois Department of Insurance is the code department of the Illinois state government that regulates various facets of the insurance industries and professions of Illinois.  Key insurance industries it regulates include health insurance, auto insurance, homeowners insurance, and life insurance.  The department is the umbrella agency that operates the Illinois Health Benefits Exchange (IHBE), a health insurance marketplace  that serves as an intermediary between Illinois residents and the health-insurance mandate requirements of the Affordable Care Act.  The IHBE operates under the flag of Get Covered Illinois, the name of its navigational website.

Government of Illinois
The Government of Illinois, under the State of Illinois Constitution, has three branches of government: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. The State's executive branch is split into several statewide elected offices, with the Governor as chief executive and head of state, and has numerous departments, agencies, boards and commissions. Legislative functions are granted to the General Assembly, a bicameral body consisting of the 118-member House of Representatives and the 59-member Senate. The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court of Illinois and lower courts.
Duchy of Kraków
Duchy of Kraków was a duchy in Lesser Poland that existed from 1227 until 1300. Its capital was Kraków. It was formed in 1227 from the Seniorate Province, following the abolishment of the Duchy of Poland. It remained independent until 1300, when it had become a fiefdom within the Kingdom of Poland. In 1320, it was incorporated into the United Kingdom of Poland.

Bolesław V the Chaste
Bolesław V the Chaste (Polish: Bolesław Wstydliwy; 21 June 1226 – 7 December 1279) was Duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland from 1232 and High Duke of Poland from 1243 until his death, as the last male representative of the Lesser Polish branch of Piasts.
Qiuwen Baike
Qiuwen Baike is a Chinese online encyclopedia. It was launched in June 2023 by former members of Wikimedians of Mainland China as a fork of the Chinese Wikipedia, and has been described as a "Beijing-friendly" version of Wikipedia.

The name "Qiuwen", meaning "seeking news" or "seeking knowledge", was once a name for the Chinese edition of Wikipedia Signpost.

Fork (software development)
In software development, a fork is a codebase that is created by duplicating an existing codebase and, generally, is subsequently modified independently of the original. Software built from a fork initially has identical behavior as software built from the original code, but as the source code is increasingly modified, the resulting software tends to have increasingly different behavior compared to the original. A fork is a form of branching, but generally involves storing the forked files separately from the original – not in the repository. Reasons for forking a codebase include user preference, stagnated or discontinued development of the original software or a schism in the developer community. Forking proprietary software (such as Unix) is prohibited by copyright law without explicit permission, but free and open-source software, by definition, may be forked without permission.
FC Betlemi Keda
FC Betlemi (Georgian: საფეხბურთო კლუბი ბეთლემი) is a Georgian football club based in the town of Keda, Adjara.

The history of Betlemi goes back to the Soviet times. Since the club's revival in 2010, they have drifted between the second and forth tiers. Following a highly successful 2023 season, they won promotion to Liga 3.

The club plays home matches at the local central stadium named after late captain Archil Partenadze in 2015.

Liga 4 (Georgia)
Liga 4 (Georgian: ლიგა 4), organized by the Georgian Football Federation, is the fourth tier of the national football league.
It was founded in 2019 as a part of comprehensive reorganization of the league system.

As of the 2026 season, Algeti hold the longest tenure in this division. They have been in Liga 4 since its inaugurating season.

There will be two former top-division teams in the 2026 season: Borjomi (2005–09) and Mertskhali (1990–92, 2003–04). Eight junior teams of higher league members are also represented in the division this year.
2023 Iași Open – Men's doubles
Geoffrey Blancaneaux and Renzo Olivo were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Nicolás Barrientos and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi won the title after defeating Gabi Adrian Boitan and Bogdan Pavel 6–3, 6–3 in the final.

Renzo Olivo
Renzo Olivo (Latin American Spanish: [ˈrenso oˈliβo]; born 15 March 1992) is an Argentine professional tennis player. He competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures, both in singles and doubles. He has a career-high singles ranking of World No. 78 achieved on 9 January 2016 and a doubles ranking of World No. 148 achieved on 29 April 2013.
2024 Open Quimper Bretagne – Doubles
Sadio Doumbia and Fabien Reboul were the defending champions but withdrew before their first round match.

Manuel Guinard and Arthur Rinderknech won the title after defeating Anirudh Chandrasekar and Vijay Sundar Prashanth 7–6(7–4), 6–3 in the final.

Arthur Rinderknech
Arthur Rinderknech (/rɪndərknɛʃ/; born 23 July 1995) is a French professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 26 achieved on 12 January 2026 and a best doubles ranking of No. 124 reached on 8 November 2021. He is currently the No. 1 singles player from France.

His most notable career achievement is a runner-up at the 2025 Shanghai Masters, an ATP 1000-level event. He was defeated by his cousin, Valentin Vacherot, in the final.

Rinderknech represents France at the Davis Cup.
Ethnic Chinese in Belize
The Chinese community in Belize consists of descendants of Han Chinese immigrants who were brought to British Honduras as indentured labourers as well as recent immigrants from mainland China and Taiwan.

Belize City
Belize City is the largest city in Belize. It was once the capital of the former British Honduras. According to the 2022 census, Belize City has a population of 63,999 people. It is at the mouth of the Haulover Creek, which is a distributary of the Belize River. The Belize River empties into the Caribbean Sea eight kilometres (five miles) from Belize City on the Philip Goldson Highway on the coast of the Caribbean. The city is the country's principal port and its financial and industrial hub. Cruise ships drop anchor outside the port and are tendered by local citizens. The city was almost entirely destroyed in October 1961 when Hurricane Hattie swept ashore. It was the capital of British Honduras (as Belize was then named) until the government was moved to the new capital of Belmopan in 1970.
Grigor'yevka
Grigor'yevka (Kyrgyz: Григорьевка) is a village in the Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Issyk-Kul District. Its population was 5,891 in 2021. Described as a 'pretty village', it is the start to treks up the 32km Chon Ak-Suu canyon. To the west on highway A363 is Bosteri, and to the east, Semyonovka.

Issyk-Kul Region
Issyk-Kul is one of the regions of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Karakol. It is surrounded by Almaty Region, Kazakhstan to the north, Chüy Region to the west, Naryn Region to the southwest, and Xinjiang, China to the southeast. It takes its name from Lake Issyk-Kul, the world's second-largest high altitude lake. Its total area is 43,735 km2 (16,886 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 501,933 as of January 2021. The region has a sizeable Russian (8.0% in 2009) minority.
NGC 555
NGC 555 is a lenticular galaxy located around 479 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus. NGC 555 was discovered in 1886 by the American astronomer Frank Muller. NGC 555 is not known to have much star formation, and it is not known to have an active galactic nucleus.

Frank Muller (astronomer)
Frank Muller (September 10, 1862 – April 19, 1917) was an American astronomer.

From 1885 he worked in the Leander McCormick Observatory as an assistant to Ormond Stone and Francis Preserved Leavenworth.

He discovered ~100 astronomical objects, from NGC catalog and Index catalog, for example NGC 17 in 1886.
Elachista elegans
Elachista elegans is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found from Fennoscandia to Italy, Hungary and the Crimea and from Germany to Russia.

The wingspan is 6–8 millimetres (0.24–0.31 in). Adults are on wing from July to August in one or two generations per year.

The larvae feed on Bromus, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Calamagrostis epigejos, Dactylis, Milium effusum and Poa species. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The frass is mostly deposited along the side. Larvae can found in spring. They are yellowish green with a yellowish brown head.

Dactylis
Dactylis is a genus of Eurasian and North African plants in the bluegrass subfamily within the grass family. Dactylis is native to North Africa, they are found throughout the world, and are  an invasive species. They are known in English as cock's-foot or cocksfoot grasses, also sometimes as orchard grasses.
Bursera graveolens
Bursera graveolens, known in Spanish as palo santo ('sacred wood'), is a wild tree native to the Yucatán Peninsula and also found in Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela.

Bursera graveolens is found in the seasonally dry tropical forests of Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador, and on the Galápagos Islands. The tree belongs to the same family (Burseraceae) as frankincense and myrrh. It is widely used in ritual purification and as folk medicine for stomach aches, as a sudorific, and as liniment for rheumatism. Aged heartwood is rich in terpenes such as limonene and α-terpineol.

Ritual purification
Ritual purification is a ritual prescribed by a religion through which a person is considered to be freed of uncleanliness, especially prior to the worship of a deity, and ritual purity is a state of ritual cleanliness. Ritual purification may also apply to objects and places. Ritual uncleanliness is not identical with ordinary physical impurity, such as dirt stains; nevertheless, body fluids are generally considered ritually unclean.

Most of these rituals existed long before the germ theory of disease, and figure prominently from the earliest known religious systems of the Ancient Near East. Some writers connect the rituals to taboos.

Some have described a 'dimension of purity' that is universal in religions that seeks to move humans away from disgust (at one extreme), to uplift them towards purity and divinity (at the other extreme), away from uncleanliness to purity, and away from deviant to moral behavior (within one's cultural context).
The Love Suicides at Amijima
The Love Suicides at Amijima (Shinjū Ten no Amijima or Shinjūten no Amijima 心中天の網島) is a domestic play (sewamono) by Japanese playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon.  Originally written for the bunraku puppet theatre, it was adapted into kabuki shortly after its premiere on 3 January 1721. It is widely regarded as one of his greatest domestic plays and was hailed by Donald Keene as “Chikamatsu’s masterpiece”.

Donald Keene
Donald Lawrence Keene (June 18, 1922 – February 24, 2019) was an American-born Japanese scholar, historian, teacher, writer, and translator of Japanese literature. He was Professor Emeritus and Shincho Professor Emeritus of Japanese Literature at Columbia University, where he taught for over fifty years. Soon after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, he retired from Columbia, moved to Japan permanently, and acquired citizenship under the name Kīn Donarudo (キーン ドナルド) which is essentially his birth name in the Japanese name order. This was also his poetic pen name (雅号, gagō) and occasional nickname, spelled in the ateji form 鬼怒鳴門.
Dinneen
Dinneen (Irish: Ó Duinnín for men, Ní Dhuinnín for women) is an Irish surname. The family was famous for having supplied generations of court poets to their overlords in the ancient kingdom of Corcu Loígde. According to historian C. Thomas Cairney, the O'Dinneens were a chiefly family of the Corca Laoghdne who in turn came from the Erainn tribe who were the second wave of Celts who settled in Ireland from 500 to 100 BC. The Uí Duinnín were then hereditary historians to the MacCarthy Mór.

Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Dinneen (1876–1955), American baseball player

Dan Dinneen  (1870–1948), American businessman and politician

John Dinneen (1867–1942), Irish politician

Joseph F. Dinneen (1897–1964), writer

Kevin Dineen, Canadian ice hockey player

Michael Dinneen, American-New Zealand mathematician and computer scientist

Patrick S. Dinneen (1860–1934), Irish lexicographer and historian

Kevin Dineen
Kevin William Dineen (born October 28, 1963) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. From 2021 to 2024, Dineen was the head coach of the Utica Comets in the American Hockey League (AHL). Dineen previously served as the head coach for the Florida Panthers and assistant coach of the Chicago Blackhawks. He was born in Quebec City, Quebec.
Minnesota Vikings draft history
This page is a list of the Minnesota Vikings NFL draft selections. The first draft the Vikings participated in was the 1961 NFL draft, in which they made Tommy Mason of Tulane their first ever selection.

Tommy Mason
Thomas Cyril Mason (July 8, 1939 – January 22, 2015) was an American professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Tulane Green Wave.