hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reforms of French orthography
French orthography was already (more or less) fixed and, from a phonological point of view, outdated when its lexicography developed in the late 17th century and the Académie française was mandated to establish an "official" prescriptive norm. Still, there was already much debate at the time opposing the tenets of a traditional, etymological orthography, and supporting those of a reformed, phonological transcription of the language.

César-Pierre Richelet chose the latter (reformed) option when he published the first monolingual French dictionary in 1680, but the Académie chose to adhere firmly to tradition in the first edition of its dictionary (1694).

Various other attempts at simplification followed, culminating in the "rectifications" of 6 December 1990. Further, more radical proposals also exist to simplify the existing writing system, but these have failed to gather much interest to date.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Cheshunt House
Cheshunt House is an Italianate mansion in the Meander Valley, Tasmania, 10 kilometers from Deloraine. It was designed and originally owned by politician, botanist and architect William Archer, started in 1851-52. It was purchased incomplete by the Bowman Brothers from William Archer in 1873, who completed it to his design in 1885. It fell into disrepair during the period of the World Wars and the Great Depression, before a restoration project was undertaken by the family in the 1970s. It is still owned by the Bowman family.

Cheshunt House is listed on the Tasmanian Heritage Register, and was on the Register of the National Estate until that list was replaced. The house was featured on a stamp issued by Australia Post in 2004.

Deloraine, Tasmania
Deloraine is a town on the Meander River, in the central north of Tasmania, Australia.  It is 50 km west of Launceston and 52 km south of Devonport along the Bass Highway. It is part of the Meander Valley Council. Deloraine recorded a population of 3,035 in the 2021 census. Deloraine, like most Tasmanian towns, has a temperate and wet climate.
Antonetta
Antonetta is a feminine given name that is a variant of Antoinette and Antonia. Notable people who use this name include the following:

Susanne Antonetta, pen name of Suzanne Paola (born 1956), American poet and author

Rosa Maria Antonetta Paulina Assing, full name of Rosa Maria Assing (née Varnhagen; 1783 – 1840), German lyric poet, prose-writer, educator, translator and silhouette artist

Margaretha Maria Antonetta Margriet de Moor (née Neefjes; born 1941), Dutch pianist and writer

Margriet de Moor
Margaretha Maria Antonetta 'Margriet' de Moor (née Neefjes; born 1941) is a Dutch pianist and writer of novels and essays. She won the AKO Literatuurprijs for her novel Eerst grijs dan wit dan blauw (1991).
Olympia (2011 film)
Olympia is a 2011 Argentine indie film directed by Leo Damario and starring Mora Escolá, Mercedes Morán, Edda Bustamante, María Nela Sinisterra and Victoria Bugallo.

The film narrates the story of an 18-year-old aspiring porn star and influencer, Olympia (Escolá), who, after starring in a couple of amateur videos, enters the professional industry in her first major title, which involves a scene with 16 other men. Different personalities from the rock, fashion and porn universe are to accompany the 18 years to become a renowned pop culture star.

The film premiered in the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival in the European Film Market.

Gang bang
A gang bang is a sexual activity in which one person is the central focus of the sexual activity of several people, usually more than three, sequentially or simultaneously. The term generally refers to a woman being the focus; one man with multiple women can be referred to as a "reverse gang bang". The term has become associated with the porn industry and usually describes a staged event wherein a woman has sex with several men in direct succession. Bukkake is a type of gang bang, originating in Japan, that focuses on the central person being ejaculated upon by multiple male participants.
Clark Street (Chicago)
Clark Street is a north–south street in Chicago, Illinois, that runs close to the shore of Lake Michigan from the northern city boundary with Evanston, to 2200 South in the city street numbering system. At its northern end, Clark Street is at 1800 West; however the street runs diagonally through the Chicago grid for about 8 miles (13 km) to North Avenue (1600 N) and then runs at 100 West for the rest of its course south to Cermak Road. It is also seen in Riverdale beyond 127th street across the Calumet River, along with other nearby streets that ended just south of the Loop. The major length of Clark Street runs a total of 98 blocks.

North
North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. North is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography.
Progressive tonality
Progressive tonality is the music compositional practice whereby a piece of music does not finish in the key in which it began, but instead 'progresses' to an ending in a different key or tonality. In this connection 'different key' means a different tonic, rather than merely a change to a different mode (see: Picardy third and List of major/minor compositions): Gustav Mahler's Second Symphony (1888–94), for example, which moves from a C minor start to an E-flat major conclusion, exhibits 'progressive tonality'—whereas Ludwig van Beethoven's Fifth Symphony (1804–08), which begins in C minor and ends in C major, does not. A work which ends in the key in which it began may be described as exhibiting 'concentric tonality'. The terms 'progressive' and 'concentric' were both introduced into musicology by Dika Newlin in her book Bruckner, Mahler, Schoenberg (1947).

Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)
The Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67 (occasionally known as the Fate Symphony, German: Schicksalssinfonie), is a symphony composed by Ludwig van Beethoven between 1804 and 1808. It is one of the best-known of all symphonies and one of the most frequently played. First performed in Vienna in 1808, the work achieved its strong critical reputation not long afterward; E. T. A. Hoffmann described it as "one of the most important works of the time".

The Fifth Symphony has four movements. It begins with a distinctive four-note "short-short-short-long" motif, often characterized as "fate knocking at the door", the Schicksals-Motiv (fate motif):
Leveillella
Leveillella is a genus of fungi in the Asterinaceae family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Leveillella drimydis (Lév.) Theiss. & Syd.

The genus name of Leveillella is in honour of Joseph-Henri Léveillé (1796–1870), who was a French physician and mycologist.

The genus was circumscribed by Ferdinand Theissen and Hans Sydow in Ann. Mycol. Vol.13 on page 284 in 1915.

Ferdinand Theissen
Ferdinand Theissen (27 July 1877 in Krefeld – 5 September 1919) was a German-Austrian Jesuit priest and mycologist.

He studied theology at the seminary in Feldkirch, then from 1902 to 1908 was stationed in São Leopoldo, Brazil. Following his return to Europe he continued his studies in Valkenburg and Innsbruck, and in 1914 returned to Feldkirch as a schoolteacher. He died in September 1919 as a result of a climbing accident during a collection excursion in the Vorarlberg Alps.

He was the author or co-author of numerous mycological taxa; with Hans Sydow he co-described the families Botryosphaeriaceae, Dothioraceae, Phyllachoraceae and Polystomellaceae. The genus Theissenia was named after him by André Maublanc (1914).
42nd (East Lancashire) Signal Regiment
42 (East Lancashire) Signal Regiment was a Territorial Army unit of the British Army's Royal Corps of Signals. It had its origins in a Volunteer unit of the Royal Engineers formed in Manchester during the Second Boer War. It provided the divisional signals during both world wars, and served with the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division, the 66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division, and the 66th Infantry Division. Its successor continues in the Army Reserve as a Signal Troop in Manchester.

Sherwood Foresters
The Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence for just under 90 years, from 1881 to 1970. In 1970, the regiment was amalgamated with the Worcestershire Regiment to form the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment, which in 2007 was amalgamated with the Cheshire Regiment and the Staffordshire Regiment (Prince of Wales's) to form the present Mercian Regiment. The lineage of the Sherwood Foresters is now continued by The Mercian Regiment.
Swimming at the 1975 Pan American Games – Women's 200 metre butterfly
The women's 200 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 1975 Pan American Games took place on 23 October. The last Pan American Games champion was Lynn Colella of the United States.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all lengths being in butterfly stroke.

1975 Pan American Games
The 1975 Pan American Games, officially known as the VII Pan American Games (Spanish: VII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Mexico 1975 (Spanish: México 1975), were held in Mexico City, Mexico, from October 12 to October 26, 1975, exactly twenty years after the second Pan American Games were held there. It was the third major sporting event held in the Mexican capital in seven years, after the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1970 FIFA World Cup.
Mile Smodlaka
Mile Smodlaka (born 1 January 1976) is a Croatian former professional water polo player and coach who competed in the 2000, 2004 and the 2008 Summer Olympics. He is currently the head coach of Jadran Split and an assistant coach of the Croatian men's national team.

Croatia men's national water polo team
The Croatia men's national water polo team represents Croatia in international water polo competitions and is controlled by the Croatian Water Polo Federation. They have won gold medals in the Olympics, World and European Championships, FINA World League and Mediterranean Games, making them one of the most successful men's water polo teams in the world. Overall Croatia won 33 medals at competitions.

It was the first Croatian national team to win a gold medal at the Olympics or World Games, the World and European Championships.

Croatia played their 800th game since gaining independence on 20 August 2022 and they won their 517th victory.
Gujar Khan Tehsil
Gujar Khan Tehsil (Punjabi: گُجر خاں تحصِیل; Urdu: تحصِیل گُوجر خان), 
headquartered at Gujar Khan, is one of the tehsils (sub-divisions) of Rawalpindi District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is administratively subdivided into 36 Union Councils, and according to the 1998 census, has a population of 42,000. In the 2017 census, Gujar Khan had a population of 678,503.

Administrative units of Pakistan
Pakistan is administratively divided into four provinces, one federal territory, and two disputed territories: the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan; the Islamabad Capital Territory; and the administrative territories of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan. As part of the Kashmir conflict with neighbouring India, Pakistan has also claimed sovereignty over the Indian-controlled territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh since the First Kashmir War of 1947–1948. It also has a territorial dispute with India over Junagadh, but has never exercised administrative authority over either regions. All of Pakistan's provinces and territories are subdivided into divisions, which are further subdivided into districts, and then tehsils, which are again further subdivided into union councils.
Mohseni
Mohseni is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adela Mohseni, Afghan women's rights activist

Ahmad Mohseni Garakani (born 1926), Iranian religious leader and politician

Asif Mohseni (1935–2019), Afghan religious leader

Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i (born 1956), Iranian politician, jurist and prosecutor

Nasruddin Mohseni, Afghan politician

Nastaran Mohseni (born 1992), Iranian film director and cartoonist

Saad Mohseni, Afghan Australian businessman

Shirin Mohseni (born 1980), Afghan politician

Zaid Mohseni (born 1969), Afghan businessman

Zaid Mohseni
Zaid Mohseni (born July 1, 1969) who along with his brothers Saad and Jahid Mohseni and his sister Wajma Mohseni established Moby Group, Afghanistan's media company with interests in television, radio, print, web and directories, IT&T, and retail. Zaid is Director of Moby's technical and legal divisions.

Zaid’s leadership of the technology division of Moby Group has been the key to successful utilization of modern technology for Afghan needs. Zaid is also a lawyer and former Partner and Head of the Commercial Department of the Melbourne based law firm, Wilmoth Field Warne. He has substantial experience in corporate and commercial law and legal drafting. He is also the Managing Partner of the Afghanistan based law firm, Zamoh Lawyers, servicing corporate and government clients in commercial and litigious matters.
Atrytonopsis python
Atrytonopsis python, known generally as the python skipper or annual sea-blite, is a species of grass skipper in the butterfly family Hesperiidae. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for Atrytonopsis python is 4086.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Gael Linn Cup 2008
The 2008 Gael Linn Cup, the most important representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, was won by Connacht, who defeated Munster in the final, played at Ashbourne .

Gael Linn Cup
The Gael Linn Cup is a biennial tournament, representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, contested by Ireland's four provincial teams with competitions at senior and junior level on alternate years. The tournament has existed in various guides since 1956, currently the senior tournament is played in even years and the junior tournament in odd years. An inter-provincial colleges competition is also played at secondary school/high school level.
Formula Kart Stars
Formula Kart Stars was a British-based karting championship, which was supported by Bernie Ecclestone's Formula One Management Ltd, 2008 Formula One World Champion Lewis Hamilton and Lewis’ father Anthony Hamilton.

The championship ceased operation in May 2016  shortly after the first round of the 2016 season.

Adam Christodoulou
Adam Robert Christodoulou (born 11 June 1989) is a British and Greek racing driver who competes in the Nürburgring Langstrecken-Serie for Team Getspeed as a factory driver for Mercedes.

Christodoulou is known for his successes at the Nürburgring 24 Hours, which include an overall win in 2016. In his junior career, he won the 2008 British Formula Renault Championship and the 2009 Star Mazda Championship. His cousin Riki Christodoulou is also a racing driver, having competed in British Formula 3 Championship.
Kaviya Pakkirisamy
Kaviya Pakkirisamy (born 23 December 2002) is an Indian professional footballer from Tamil Nadu, who plays as a forward for Sethu in the Indian Women's League and the India women's national football team. She has also played for the club Kickstart.

India women's national football team
The India women's national football team represents India in women's international football and is governed by the All India Football Federation. Under the global jurisdiction of FIFA and governed in Asia by the AFC. India is also part of the South Asian Football Federation. The team was one of the best in Asia in the mid-1970s to early 1980s, when they became runners-up in the 1979 and the 1983 AFC Women's Asian Cup. The Indian women's national team is yet to participate in the FIFA Women's World Cup and the Olympic Games.
Tavares Bastos (favela)
Tavares Bastos is a favela in the Catete neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is named after the Brazilian politician Aureliano Cândido Tavares Bastos. The main access road is the Rua Tavares Bastos.

Many films have been filmed in the Tavares Bastos, including Elite Squad, Last Stop 174 and The Incredible Hulk. The Snoop Dogg and Pharrell Williams music video "Beautiful" was also filmed in the favela.

The favela used to be the only major city slum where drug trafficking or activities of militias were curtailed due to the presence of the headquarters of the Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais, the special police unit of the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State. This was described in the factual book Elite da Tropa, which was made into the film Elite Squad.

Beautiful (Snoop Dogg song)
"Beautiful" is a song by American rapper Snoop Dogg featuring American singers Pharrell Williams and Uncle Charlie Wilson. It was released on January 27, 2003, as the second single from Snoop Dogg's sixth studio album, Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss. The song was written by Snoop Dogg alongside producers the Neptunes (Williams and Chad Hugo). "Beautiful" reached number six on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number two on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart. It was also successful in other countries such as Australia and New Zealand, peaking at number four in both countries. The music video was filmed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

In 2024, the song appeared on Williams' soundtrack album Piece by Piece (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack).
Golăiești
Golăiești is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of eight villages: Bran, Cilibiu, Cotu lui Ivan, Golăiești, Grădinari, Medeleni, Petrești and Podu Jijiei.

Composer Valentin Radu is a native of the commune.

Western Moldavia
Western Moldavia (Romanian: Moldova Occidentală, Moldova de Apus, or Moldova de Vest), also known as Romanian Moldavia, is the core historic and geographical part of the former Principality of Moldavia situated in eastern and north-eastern Romania. Until its union with Wallachia in 1859, the Principality of Moldavia also included, at various times in its history, the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina, and Hertsa; the larger part of the former is nowadays the independent state of Moldova, while the rest of it, the northern part of Bukovina, and Hertsa form territories of Ukraine.

Romanian Moldavia consists of eight counties, spanning over 18% of Romania's territory. Six out of the 8 counties make up Romania's designated Nord-Est development region, while the two southern counties are included within Romania's Sud-Est development region. It comprises roughly 48.67% of the wider region of Moldavia.
Naradan
Naradan is a 2022 Indian Malayalam-language neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Aashiq Abu. The film stars Tovino Thomas, Anna Ben and Sharafudheen in lead roles.

The film was originally scheduled to be released in April 2021, but was postponed due to the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India. After multiple postponements, the film was theatrically released on 3 March 2022 along with Bheeshma Parvam.

Neo-noir
Neo-noir is a film genre from the 1970s, in the era of New Hollywood, which is primarily associated with the subversion and visual style of classic film noir tropes, adapting the themes of 1940s and 1950s American film noir for contemporary audiences, often with vibrant colors and high-contrast, more graphic depictions of violence or sexuality, thematic motifs, and nonlinear narrative or editing.

During the 1970s and the mid 1980s, the term "neo-noir" surged in popularity, fueled by movies such as Roman Polanski’s Chinatown (1974), Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976), Sydney Pollack's Absence of Malice (1981), Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (1982), Paul Verhoeven's The Fourth Man (1983 film) and David Lynch’s Blue Velvet (1986). The French term film noir translates literally to English as "black film", indicating sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.
November 7 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
November 6 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 8

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on November 20 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 7th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 25.

Willibrord
Willibrord (Latin: Villibrordus; c. 658 – 7 November AD 739) was an Anglo-Saxon monk, bishop, and missionary. He became the first Bishop of Utrecht in what is now the Netherlands, dying at Echternach in Luxembourg, and is known as the "Apostle to the Frisians".
Plamen Nikolov (footballer, born 1961)
Plamen Ivanov Nikolov (Bulgarian: Пламен Иванов Николов; born 20 August 1961) is a former Bulgarian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Born in Dryanovo, Nikolov started his career at local Lokomotiv Dryanovo. He played 251 games in the Bulgarian First League over 17 seasons, appearing in the competition for Lokomotiv Sofia, Levski Sofia, Spartak Varna and Septemvri Sofia.

Throughout his career, Nikolov earned six caps for the Bulgaria national team and was a member of the squad that reached the semi-finals of the 1994 World Cup. He replaced Borislav Mihaylov in the second half-time during the third place match against Sweden.

FC Spartak Varna
FC Spartak Varna (Bulgarian: Футболен клуб „Спартак“ Варна) is a Bulgarian association football club based in Varna, which currently competes in the First League, the top level of Bulgarian football league system. Spartak plays its home matches at the local Stadion Spartak.

Founded in 1918, Spartak Varna established itself as one of the early pioneering clubs in Bulgarian football. Spartak won the Bulgarian league in 1932, and was runner up in 1931 and 1933. Spartak has spent the majority of its existence in the first tier of Bulgarian football, with the club’s most recent top flight participation being season 2022–2023.

Spartak's nickname is the "Falcons", and the club has a rivalry with fellow Varna-based club, Cherno More Varna. Matches between the two sides are known as the "Derby of Varna". The two sides even used to share the Yuri Gagarin Stadium before it was demolished.