hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Source–filter model
The source–filter model represents speech as a combination of a sound source, such as the vocal cords, and a linear acoustic filter, the vocal tract. While only an approximation, the model is widely used in a number of applications such as speech synthesis and speech analysis because of its relative simplicity. It is also related to linear prediction. The development of the model is due, in large part, to the early work of Gunnar Fant, although others, notably Ken Stevens, have also contributed substantially to the models underlying acoustic analysis of speech and speech synthesis. Fant built off the work of Tsutomu Chiba and Masato Kajiyama, who first showed the relationship between a vowel's acoustic properties and the shape of the vocal tract.

An important assumption that is often made in the use of the source–filter model is the independence of source and filter.  In such cases, the model should more accurately be referred to as the "independent source–filter model".

Acoustic phonetics
Acoustic phonetics is a subfield of phonetics, which deals with acoustic aspects of speech sounds. Acoustic phonetics investigates features of waveforms as they pertain to the time domain (e.g. duration, amplitude, fundamental frequency), frequency domain (e.g. frequency spectrum), or combined spectrotemporal domains. Acoustic phonetics is also concerned with how these properties relate to other branches of phonetics (e.g. articulatory or auditory phonetics), as well as abstract linguistic concepts such as phonemes, phrases, or utterances.
Patera Building
The Patera Building prototype, a significant example of British high-tech architecture, was manufactured in Stoke-on-Trent in 1982 by Patera Products Ltd., and is one of only two surviving examples of this prototype, currently identified as at risk of demolition by heritage organisations. In 1980, Michael Hopkins architects and Anthony Hunt Associates engineers were instructed by LIH (Properties) Ltd to design a prefabricated, relocatable industrial building with a 216 m² floor area, capable of rapid assembly and disassembly.

Longton Industrial Holdings Plc (LIH), an industrial group based in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, commissioned designs for an "off-the-peg" relocatable industrial building made from steel. They sought to expand their interests in steel fabrication, intending to sell the buildings as a product. The Patera Products Ltd factory where the Patera buildings were made and where the first two were erected was in Victoria Road, Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire.

Canary Wharf
Canary Wharf is a privately owned financial district in London, England, located in the Isle of Dogs in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The Greater London Authority defines it as part of London's central business district. With the City of London and the West End, it constitutes one of the main financial centres in the United Kingdom and the world, containing many major global companies and banks' headquarters and high-rise buildings, including the third-tallest in the UK, One Canada Square.

The district was developed on the site of the former West India Docks in East London. Canary Wharf, together with Heron Quays and Wood Wharf, forms the Canary Wharf Estate, covering around 97 acres (39 ha).
Johannes van der Struijf
Johannes van der Struijf (3 October 1865 – 29 December 1933) was a Dutch naval engineer who served as chief engineer of the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN). He is best known for being responsible for the first indigenous Dutch submarine designs of the RNLN. Between 1921 until his retirement on 1 January 1931 he designed a total of 15 Dutch submarines, of which seven were O type boats and eight were K type boats.

Naval architecture
Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation (classification) and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage-control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutory and non-statutory requirements.
Taiwan Miracle
The Taiwan Miracle (Chinese: 臺灣奇蹟; Tongyong Pinyin: Táiwān Cíjī; Tâi-lô: Tâi-uân Kî-Tsik) or Taiwan Economic Miracle refers to Taiwan's rapid economic development to a developed, high-income country during the latter half of the twentieth century.

As it developed alongside South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong, Taiwan became known as one of the "Four Asian Tigers". Taiwan was the first developing country to adopt an export-oriented trade strategy after World War II.

Tongyong Pinyin
Tongyong Pinyin was the official romanization of Mandarin in Taiwan between 2002 and 2008. The system was unofficially used between 2000 and 2002, while a new romanization system for Taiwan was being evaluated for adoption. Taiwan's Ministry of Education approved the system in 2002, but its use was optional.

From 1 January 2009, the Ministry of Education began promoting Hanyu Pinyin. Local governments were not able to get financial aid from the central government if they used Tongyong Pinyin-derived romanizations. However, Tongyong Pinyin has continued in use for the transliteration of some place names and personal names in Taiwan (Republic of China). Some of the romanized names of the districts, subway stations and streets in Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yunlin County and other places are derived from Tongyong Pinyin –  for example, Cijin District (旗津區, Cíjin Cyu).
Javor (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
44°04′N 19°02′E﻿ / ﻿44.067°N 19.033°E﻿ / 44.067; 19.033

Javor (Cyrillic: Јавор) is a mountain in the municipality of Han Pijesak, Vlasenica, Olovo, Milići, and Kladanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Massif of the Javor is over 30 kilometers long, with the highest peak, Veliki Žep, at the altitude of 1,537 metres (5,043 ft). "Objekat Veliki Žep", an underground military base, code named KUK-0, is located under the Veliki Žep peak.

Underground base
An underground base is a subterranean facility used for military or scientific purposes.

Examples are:

Cheyenne Mountain Complex

Chiashan Air Force Base

Iranian underground missile bases

Raven Rock Mountain Complex

Željava Air Base

There may be more than 10,000 underground military facilities worldwide.
Bişnä
Bişnä (Tatar: Бишнә, romanized: Bişnä) is a rural locality (a selo) in Yäşel Üzän District, Tatarstan. The population was 643 as of 2010.
Bişnä is located 38 km from Yäşel Üzän, district's administrative centre, and 36 km from Qazan, republic's capital, by road.
The village already existed during the period of the Qazan Khanate.
There are 12 streets in the village.

Khanate of Kazan
The Khanate of Kazan was a Tatar state that encompassed the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria from 1438 until 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; its capital was the city of Kazan.

It was one of the successor states of the Golden Horde 
(Mongol state), and it came to an end when it was conquered by the Tsardom of Russia.
Bokeelia, Florida
Bokeelia is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located on Pine Island in Lee County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 1,855, up from 1,780 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. Bokeelia is still home to one of Lee County's first pioneer families, the Padillas, who came by way of Cayo Costa.

Cayo Costa State Park
Cayo Costa State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of Florida, on Cayo Costa (formerly known as La Costa Island or Padilla Rancho), an island directly south of Boca Grande (Gasparilla Island) and just north of North Captiva Island, approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Cape Coral. The park is accessible only by charter boat (with or without captain), private boat, or ferry.
2004–05 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 2004–05 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 35th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, an inter-county knockout competition for Ireland's top championship clubs representing each county.

The defending champion was Newtownshandrum; however, the club failed to qualify after being beaten by Cloyne in the Cork SHC semi-final.

The All-Ireland finall was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 17 March 2004, between James Stephens of Kilkenny and Athenry of Galway, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. James Stephens won the match by 0–19 to 0–14 to claim a third title overall and a first title in 23 years.

Eoin Larkin was the championship's top scorer with 3–33.

Newtownshandrum GAA
Newtownshandrum GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Newtownshandrum, County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the North Cork Board and is exclusively concerned with the game of hurling.
Clewett's Building
Clewett's Building is a heritage-listed former warehouse at 250 Quay Street, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built c. 1887. It is also known as Capricorn Survey Consultants Pty Ltd, Herron Todd White Building, JM Headrick & Co., W G Thompson & Co., Lamberton & Co., RM Gow & Co., St Andrew's Hospital, and Herron Todd Valuers. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Fitzroy River (Queensland)
The Fitzroy River (Darumbal: Toonooba) is a river in Central Queensland, Australia. Its catchment covers an area of 142,665 square kilometres (55,083 sq mi), making it the largest river catchment flowing to the eastern coast of Australia.  It is also the largest river basin that discharges onto the Great Barrier Reef.
His Greatest Gamble
His Greatest Gamble is a 1934 American drama film directed by John Robertson from a screenplay by Sidney Buchman and Harry Hervey, based on a story by Salisbury Field. The film stars Richard Dix, Dorothy Wilson, Bruce Cabot, and Erin O'Brien-Moore. Edith Fellows also has a role, playing the character of Alice Stebbins as a child.

A print is held by the Library of Congress.

Sidney Buchman
Sidney Robert Buchman (March 27, 1902 – August 23, 1975) was an American screenwriter and film producer who worked on about 40 films from the late 1920s to the early 1970s. He received four Oscar nominations and won once for Best Screenplay for the fantasy romantic comedy film Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941), sharing the award with Seton I. Miller.
The Lonely Wild
The Lonely Wild is an American indie folk band based in Los Angeles, California. The group's debut album, The Sun As It Comes, was released on April 2, 2013, via their own Ursa Major Recordings with distribution and marketing by Thirty Tigers/RED Distribution. On October 2, 2015, the band released their second album Chasing White Light on Fast Plastic/ eOne Music.

RED Music
RED Music, stylized RED MUSIC, formerly RED Distribution, LLC (Relativity Entertainment Distribution) was a Sony-owned sales and marketing division that merged under The Orchard in 2017. RED previously handled releases for more than sixty independent record labels.
Perry Township, Pennsylvania
Perry Township is the name of several places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:

Perry Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania

Perry Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania

Perry Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania

Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania

Perry Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania

Perry Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania

Perry Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania

Perry Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania

Perry Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania

Perry Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania
Perry Township is a township that is located in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 367 at the time of the 2020 census, an increase over the figure of 352 that was tabulated in 2010.
Chilean ship Chacabuco
Several ships of the Chilean Navy have been named Chacabuco after the Battle of Chacabuco:

Chilean corvette Chacabuco (1818) a corvette launched in 1815 as the Avon in the United States she was purchased by Chilean privateers in 1818 and renamed Coquimbo but was acquired by the Chilean government and renamed  Chacabuco. She was sold to Argentina in 1826.

Chilean corvette Chacabuco (1866) a corvette launched in 1866 and scrapped in 1890.

Chilean cruiser Chacabuco (1898) a cruiser constructed as a private venture by her builders she was launched in 1898 under the name Fourth of July before being acquired by Chile in 1902 and renamed. She was struck in 1959.

Chilean cruiser Chacabuco (1982) a cruiser launched in 1937 as USS Nashville she was acquired by Chile in 1951 and renamed Capitán Prat. In 1982 she was renamed Chacabuco and was scrapped in 1985

Chilean landing ship Chacabuco (LST-95) a BATRAL-class landing ship commissioned in 1986

Battle of Chacabuco
The Battle of Chacabuco, fought during the Chilean War of Independence, took place on February 12, 1817. The Army of the Andes, from the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and led by Captain–General José de San Martín, defeated a Spanish force commanded by Rafael Maroto. This victory was a significant defeat for the Captaincy General of Chile, the royalist government established after the division of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
Mandelic acid
Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) with the molecular formula C6H5CH(OH)CO2H. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. Its principal use in organic synthesis is as a useful precursor to various drugs.

Polar aprotic solvent
A polar aprotic solvent is a solvent that lacks an acidic proton and is polar.  Such solvents lack hydroxyl and amine groups. In contrast to protic solvents, these solvents do not serve as proton donors in hydrogen bonding, although they can be proton acceptors. Many solvents, including chlorocarbons and hydrocarbons, are classifiable as aprotic, but polar aprotic solvents are of particular interest for their ability to dissolve salts. Methods for purification of common solvents are available.
Justin Phillips (rugby union)
Justin David Phillips (born 3 February 1995) is a South African rugby union player for the Stormers in Super Rugby and Western Province in the Currie Cup and in the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is scrum-half.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
Heartbeat (South Korean TV series)
Heartbeat (Korean: 가슴이 뛴다) is a 2023 South Korean television series starring Ok Taec-yeon, Won Ji-an, Kang-hyun Park, and Yoon So-hee. It aired on KBS2 from June 26 to August 15, 2023, every Monday and Tuesday at 21:45 (KST). It is also available for streaming on Amazon Prime Video in selected regions.

KBS2
KBS 2TV (Korean: KBS 제2텔레비전) is a South Korean free-to-air television channel launched on 1 December 1980 and owned by Korean Broadcasting System. In contrast to KBS1, the channel specializes primarily in entertainment.
S. Pasupathipillai
Subramaniam Pasupathipillai (Tamil: சுப்பிரமணியம் பசுபதிப்பிள்ளை) is a Sri Lankan Tamil politician and provincial councillor.

Pasupathipillai is secretary of the Kilinochchi District branch of the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi. He contested the 2013 provincial council election as one of the Tamil National Alliance's candidates in Kilinochchi District and was elected to the Northern Provincial Council. After the election he was appointed to assist the Chief Minister on electricity and electrification. He took his oath as provincial councillor in front of Chief Minister C. V. Vigneswaran at Veerasingam Hall on 11 October 2013.

Kilinochchi District
Kilinochchi District (Tamil: கிளிநொச்சி மாவட்டம் Kiḷinocci Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: කිලිනොච්චි දිස්ත්‍රික්කය) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Kilinochchi.
Tomb of Macridy Bey
The Tomb of Macridy Bey (Greek: Τάφος Μακρίδη Μπέη, romanized: tafos makridi bei), also known as the Tomb of Langadas, is an ancient Macedonian tomb of the Classical or early Hellenistic period, on the site of ancient Lete, modern Derveni between Thessaloniki and Langadas, in Central Macedonia, Greece. A number of cist graves and a single chamber tomb are located in the vicinity. The structure seems to date to the late fourth or early third century BCE.

Central Macedonia
Central Macedonia is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece, consisting the central part of the geographical and historical region of Macedonia. With a population of almost 1.8 million, it is the second most populous region in Greece after Attica. The capital and largest city of the region is Thessaloniki.
Věra Galatíková
Věra Galatíková (19 August 1938 – 21 December 2007) was a Czech actress. She acted in Pardubice following her studies at the Janáček Academy of Music and Performing Arts. Galatíková then joined The Drama Club in Prague, where she performed between 1967 and 1972, later performing in other Prague venues including the National Theatre. At the 1994 Thalia Awards she won the category of Best Actress in a Play. Galatíková was recognised at the 2000 František Filipovský Awards for her work in film voice dubbing. She died of cancer in 2007.

Thalia Awards
The Czech Actors' Association has presented its annual Thalia Awards (Czech: Ceny Thálie) since 1993. The award is named after Thalia, the muse of comedy. The 2016 ceremony was broadcast by Czech Television and radio station Český rozhlas Dvojka.

Thalia Awards are presented for the following categories:

Play

Opera

Musical

Ballet
Gustaf Erik Pasch
Gustaf Erik Pasch (born Berggren) (3 September 1788 – 6 September 1862) was a Swedish inventor and professor of chemistry at Karolinska institute in Stockholm and inventor of the safety match. He was born in Norrköping, the son of a carpenter. He enrolled at Uppsala University in 1806 and graduated with a master's degree in 1821. Pasch is mostly known for the safety match, but he was also involved with making waterproof concrete for the Göta Canal, manufacture of bank notes and growing of silk worms. He married Augusta Fredrika Vilhelmina Berg in 1827.

In 1827, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Göta Canal
58°29′54″N 16°10′24″E﻿ / ﻿58.49827°N 16.17332°E﻿ / 58.49827; 16.17332

The Göta Canal (Swedish: Göta kanal) is a Swedish canal constructed in the early 19th century. 
The canal is 190 km (120 mi) long, of which 87 km (54 mi) were dug or blasted, with a width varying between 7–14 m (23–46 ft) and a maximum depth of about 3 m (9.8 ft). The speed is limited to 5 knots in the canal.

The Göta Canal is a part of a waterway 390 km (240 mi) long, linking a number of lakes and rivers to provide a route from Gothenburg (Göteborg) on the west coast to Söderköping on the Baltic Sea via the Trollhätte kanal and Göta älv river, through the large lakes Vänern and Vättern.
This waterway was dubbed as Sweden's Blue Ribbon (Swedish: Sveriges blå band).
Contrary to the popular belief it is not correct to consider this waterway as a sort of greater Göta Canal: the Trollhätte Canal and the Göta Canal are completely separate entities.
Poblacion
Poblacion (from Spanish población, meaning "population"), sometimes abbreviated as Pob., is a term used in the Philippines to refer to the administrative center, downtown, old town, or commercial area of a city or municipality. It may consist of a single barangay or multiple barangays. Colloquially, the poblacion area is also referred to as the bayan (see also other definitions of bayan), plaza, or centro.

Downtown
Downtown is a term primarily used in American and Canadian English to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district (CBD). It may also be a center for shopping and entertainment. Downtowns typically contain a small percentage of a city's employment but are concentrated in services, including high-end services (office or white-collar jobs). Sometimes, smaller downtowns include lower population densities and lower incomes than nearby suburbs. It is often distinguished as a hub of public transit and culture.
Junxattus
Junxattus is a monotypic genus of southeast Asian jumping spiders native to Sumatra. It contains the single species, Junxattus daiqini, first described by Jerzy Prószyński and Christa Deeleman-Reinhold in 2012. The genus was placed in the subfamily Euophryinae, the equivalent of the tribe Euophryini.

In 2015, Junxia Zhang and Wayne Maddison rejected the genus, placing the species in Laufeia. The genus was re-validated by Prószyński in 2019, and it is accepted by the World Spider Catalog as of March 2022.

Wayne Maddison
Wayne Paul Maddison FRSC (born 1958) is a Canadian evolutionary biologist, arachnologist, and biological illustrator. He is Canada Research Chair in Biodiversity and a professor at the departments of zoology and botany at the University of British Columbia, and the Director of the Spencer Entomological Collection at the Beaty Biodiversity Museum.
I'd Rather Miss You
"I'd Rather Miss You" is a song recorded by American country music group Little Texas. It was released in January 1993 as the fifth and final single from their debut album, First Time for Everything. It was co-written by the band's lead guitarist Porter Howell and rhythm guitarist Dwayne O'Brien. The song peaked at number 16 on the Billboards Hot Country Songs chart and reached number 13 on the Canadian RPM country Tracks chart in 1993.

First Time for Everything
First Time for Everything is the debut studio album by American country music band Little Texas. Released in 1992 on Warner Bros. Records, the album was certified gold by the RIAA for sales of 500,000 copies. Five singles were released from it: "Some Guys Have All the Love", the title track, "You and Forever and Me", "What Were You Thinkin'", and "I'd Rather Miss You". Respectively, these reached Nos. 8, 13, 5, 17 and 16 on the Hot Country Songs charts.