hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shadow Country (film)
Shadow Country (Czech: Krajina ve stínu) is a 2020 Czech historical drama film directed by Bohdan Sláma. It is inspired by Tušť massacre from May 1945. It chronicles life of a small village from 1930s to 1950s. The film premiered at the 2020 Summer Film School Uherské Hradiště and is set to release to theatres on 10 September 2020. The film won six Czech Lion Awards including Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, and Best Screenplay.

Czech Lion Awards
The Czech Lion Awards (Czech: Český lev) are annual awards that recognize accomplishments in filmmaking and television. It is the highest award of achievement in film awarded in the Czech Republic. The jury is composed of members of the Czech Film and Television Academy (ČFTA).

Eligible films must have been released in the year prior to the awards ceremony.
Josephine Furnace
The Josephine Furnace was a blast furnace located in the company town of Josephine, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It was founded by Corrigan, McKinney & Co., a Cleveland, Ohio-based iron mining and shipping firm, as part of its push into the manufacture coke and pig iron. Planned as a coking facility, the owner decided to construct a blast furnace to take advantage of economic efficiencies by engaging in smelting where coke and coal were located. The furnace's construction led to the founding of the town of Josephine.

The Josephine Furnace remained in operation until 1927, when economic factors caused its shutdown. Ownership transferred to Republic Steel when that company purchased Corrigan, McKinney in 1934. The site was demolished for scrap in 1936.

Company town
A company town is a place where all or most of the stores and housing in the town are owned by the same company that is also the main employer. Company towns are often planned with a suite of amenities such as stores, houses of worship, schools, markets, and recreation facilities.

Some company towns were established to improve living conditions for workers, but many have been regarded as controlling and/or exploitative. Others were not planned, such as Summit Hill, Pennsylvania, United States, one of the oldest, which began as a Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company mining camp and mine site nine miles (14 km) from the nearest outside road.
Bari, Odisha Assembly constituency
Bari is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Jajpur district, Odisha.

The area of this constituency includes Bari block and 8 GPs (Badasuar,  Chhatisdebil, Erabanka, Jhalapada, Sanasuar, Rudrapur, Sahaspur and Sujanpur) of Jajpur block and 10GPs (Atalpur, Samantarapur, Routrapur, Prathamakhandi, Rajendrapur, Arthanga, Mangarajpur, Brahmabarada, Bandhadiha and Maheswarpur) of Rasulpur block.

This constituency was known as Bari-Derabisi from 1974 to 2004.

Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of the state of Odisha in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The Legislative Assembly comprises 147 Members of Legislative Assembly. Out of total 147 Assembly Constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly, 33 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 24 seats for the Scheduled Castes (SC).
SPIN (operating system)
The SPIN operating system is a research project implemented in the computer programming language Modula-3, and is an open source project. It is designed with three goals: flexibility, safety, and performance. SPIN was developed at the University of Washington.

The kernel can be extended by dynamic loading of modules which implement interfaces that represent domains. These domains are defined by Modula-3 INTERFACE. All kernel extensions are written in Modula-3 safe subset with metalanguage constructs and type safe casting system. The system also issued a special run-time extension compiler.

One set of kernel extensions provides an application programming interface (API) that emulates the Digital UNIX system call interface. This allows Unix applications to run on SPIN.

Flexibility (engineering)
Flexibility is used as an attribute of various types of systems. In the field of engineering systems design, it refers to designs that can adapt when external changes occur. Flexibility has been defined differently in many fields of engineering, architecture, biology, economics, etc. In the context of engineering design one can define flexibility as the ability of a system to respond to potential internal or external changes affecting its value delivery, in a timely and cost-effective manner. Thus, flexibility for an engineering system is the ease with which the system can respond to uncertainty in a manner to sustain or increase its value delivery. Uncertainty is a key element in the definition of flexibility. Uncertainty can create both risks and opportunities in a system, and it is with the existence of uncertainty that flexibility becomes valuable.
C. Richard Wells
C. Richard Wells is an American evangelical pastor, theologian, and college president.

Wells was a member of the founding faculty of Beeson Divinity School, where he taught Ancient Greek, former President of Criswell College (1996-2003), Pastor of South Canyon Baptist Church in Rapid City, South Dakota, from 2004–2009, and Dean of Chapel at Union University in Jackson, Tennessee from 2009 through 2011.

In 2011 Wells returned to Rapid City, South Dakota to restructure the Black Hills Bible Institute into John Witherspoon College and Institute for Christian Leadership, where he was President, until replaced by Ronald Lewis in 2019.

Union University
Union University is a private Baptist university in Jackson, Tennessee, with additional campuses in Germantown and Hendersonville. The university is affiliated with the Tennessee Baptist Convention (Southern Baptist Convention). It was established in 1875 as "Southwestern Baptist University" on the campus of the former West Tennessee College. It absorbed the Hall-Moody Junior College of Martin, Tennessee.
Gem and I
Gem and I is the twelfth studio album by Emm Gryner, released September 21, 2010 on Dead Daisy Records in Canada and Second Motion Records in the United States.

The album consists of duets with a variety of other singers, including Sara Quin of Tegan and Sara, Matt Nathanson, Joe Elliott, Sass Jordan and Mike Smith, in character as Bubbles from Trailer Park Boys. It was produced by Grammy and Juno Award winner Greg Wells.

Duet
A duet (Italian: duo or duetto) is a musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece, often a composition involving two singers or two pianists. It differs from a harmony, as the performers take turns performing a solo section rather than performing simultaneously. A piece performed by two pianists performing together on the same piano is a "piano duet" or "piano four hands". A piece for two pianists performing together on separate pianos is a "piano duo".

"Duet" is also used as a verb for the act of performing a musical duet, or colloquially as a noun to refer to the performers of a duet.

A musical ensemble with more than two solo instruments or voices is called a trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, etc.
Leukersdorf Formation
The Leukersdorf Formation is a geologic formation in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the lower Permian period. The Chemnitz petrified forest occurs within this formation, and fossils have been found in the Leukersdorf Formation since at least 1546.

Cisuralian
The Cisuralian, also known as the Early Permian, is the first series/epoch of the Permian. The Cisuralian was preceded by the Pennsylvanian and followed by the Guadalupian. The Cisuralian Epoch is named after the western slopes of the Ural Mountains in Russia and Kazakhstan and dates between 298.9 ± 0.15 – 274.4 ± 0.4 Ma.

In the regional stratigraphy of southwestern North America, the Cisuralian encompasses two series: the Wolfcampian (Asselian to mid-Artinskian) and Leonardian (mid-Artinskian to Kungurian).

The series saw the appearance of beetles and flies and was a relatively stable warming period of about 21 million years.
François de Scépeaux
François de Scépeaux de Vieilleville (1509 – 30 November 1571), lord of Vieilleville, 1st comte of Durtal, was a French governor, diplomat, ambassador, conseillé du roi and marshal. During his career, he would serve four French kings. He fought throughout the later years of the Italian Wars, acquiring for himself the key frontier governorship of Metz in 1553. Under King Charles IX he would be elevated to marshal and would serve the crown in the early religious wars, increasingly in the role of peacemaker and diplomat, though with scattered military service as with the recapture of Le Havre in 1563. He died in 1571, shortly before France would be shaken by the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre.

Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine
Charles de Lorraine (17 February 1524 – 26 December 1574), Duke of Chevreuse, was a French Cardinal, a member of the powerful House of Guise. He was known at first as the Cardinal of Guise, and then as the second Cardinal of Lorraine, after the death of his uncle, Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine (1550). He was the protector of François Rabelais and Pierre de Ronsard and founded Reims University. He is sometimes known as the Cardinal de Lorraine.
J.R. Writer
Juan Rusty Brito (born May 28, 1985) better known by his stage name J.R. Writer, is an American rapper and freestyle champion. He came to prominence in the early 2000s after becoming affiliated with the hip hop group The Diplomats and guest appeared on Juelz Santana's 2003 album From Me To U.

JR signed a joint venture deal with Diplomat and Koch Records to release his debut studio album History in the Making which was released in 2006, which made the top 30 on the Billboard 200.

Freestyle rap
Freestyle rap, also simply known as freestyle, is a style of hip-hop music where an artist normally improvises an unwritten verse from the head, with or without instrumental beats, in which lyrics are recited with no particular subject or structure. It is similar to other improvisational music, such as jazz, where a lead instrumentalist acts as an improviser with a supporting band providing a beat. Freestyle originally was simply verse that is free of style, written rhymes that do not follow a specific subject matter, or predetermined cadence. The newer style with the improvisation grew popular starting in the early 1990s. It is now mainly associated with hip hop.
Roberto Durán Arena
Roberto Durán Arena, originally known as Gimnasio Nuevo Panama, is an indoor sporting arena located in Panama City, Panama.  The capacity of the arena is 8,417 spectators and opened in 1970. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball, boxing and volleyball.  It hosts the Panama men's national basketball team.  It is named after Panamanian boxer Roberto Durán.

The finals of the national top basketball league Liga Profesional de Baloncesto (LPB) are played in the arena each year.

9°02′09″N 79°28′10″W﻿ / ﻿9.03583°N 79.46944°W﻿ / 9.03583; -79.46944

Liga Profesional de Baloncesto (Panama)
The Liga Profesional de Baloncesto (LPB), also known as the LPB Panama, is the top professional basketball league in Panama. The league was formed in 2015 by six clubs. Correcaminos de Colón has been the most successful team in the league with four won championships.

As of the 2022 season, the league consisted of six teams.
Nielson
Nielson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Claire Nielson (born 1937), British television actress

Howard C. Nielson (1924–2020), American politician from Utah; U.S. Representative 1983–91

Niel Nielson (born 1954), American academic; president of Covenant College, Georgia, United States

Poul Nielson (born 1943), Danish politician and government minister

Nielson (singer) (born 1989), Dutch singer-songwriter

Claire Nielson
Claire Nielson (née Isbister; born 8 April 1937) is a Scottish actress primarily known for her television roles. On television, she played the wife of the belligerent American guest, Mr. Hamilton, in the "Waldorf Salad" episode of Fawlty Towers, appeared as Jean 'Porridge' Carter, Geoffrey Stock's secretary, in the popular 1960s crime series Ghost Squad and played the wife of Rikki Fulton's character in many sketches of the Scottish Hogmanay show Scotch and Wry from 1978 until 1992. Other TV credits include Warship, Sutherland's Law,  Upstairs, Downstairs, Monarch of the Glen, The Brothers, The Two Ronnies, Take The High Road, Z-Cars, Special Branch, Thriller and Taggart. She also appeared as Barbara Grant in the 1971 film version of Kidnapped, opposite Michael Caine and Trevor Howard, and an episode of Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads.
José Fortunati
José Alberto Reus Fortunati (born October 24, 1955 Flores da Cunha, Rio Grande do Sul) is a Brazilian lawyer, politician, and member of the Democratic Labour Party (PDT). Fortunati served as the Mayor of Porto Alegre from March 30, 2010, to January 1, 2017. He won re-election in 2012 with 65.2% of the vote in the city's mayoral election.

Fortunati was previously a member of the national Chamber of Deputies from 1990 to 1996.

Flores da Cunha
Flores da Cunha is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is the largest producer of wines inside Brazil. The Venetian language in its Brazilian form Talian is co-official with Portuguese in Flores da Cunha.
Cybernetics—in the Service of Communism
Cybernetics—in the Service of Communism was the title of a symposium and accompanying publication sponsored by Aksel Berg, a prominent promoter of cybernetics in the Soviet Union. He provided an eponymous introduction noted for its length and programmatic nature. The symposium was held in 1961, prior to the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, where cybernetics was declared one of the "major tools of the creation of a communist society".

Aksel Berg
Aksel Ivanovich Berg (Russian: Аксель Иванович Берг; 10 November [O.S. 29 October] 1893 – 9 July 1979) was a Soviet scientist in radio-frequency engineering and Soviet Navy Admiral, Hero of Socialist Labour. He was a key figure in the introduction of cybernetics to the Soviet Union.
William Newton (poet)
William Newton (1750–1830), a labouring class poet often referred to as "the Peak Minstrel", was born near Abney, in the parish of Eyam, Derbyshire, England, on 28 November 1750. He was well regarded by other, more notable writers and made his fortune as owner of Cressbrook Mill, near Tideswell. He died on 3 November 1830.

Sheffield Iris
The Sheffield Iris was an early weekly newspaper published on Tuesdays in Sheffield, England.

The first newspaper to be published in Sheffield to see any degree of success was the Sheffield Weekly Journal in 1754.  This was bought out in 1755 by the Sheffield Weekly Register, and was thereafter published in Doncaster.
Bert Doorn
Bert Doorn (Dutch pronunciation: [bɛr ˈdoːr(ə)n]; born 26 May 1949) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He is a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal, which is part of the European People's Party, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs and its Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection.

He is also a member of the delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with the Korean Peninsula.

Politics of the Netherlands
The Netherlands is a sovereign state with a parliamentary representative democracy. A constitutional monarchy, the country is organised as a decentralised unitary state. The Netherlands can be described as a consociational state. Dutch politics and governance are characterised by a common striving for broad consensus on important issues, within both of the political community and society as a whole.
Eleazer Parmly
Eleazar Parmly (March 13, 1797 – December 13, 1874) was an American dentist in New York City during the 19th century. He was the first provost of The University of Maryland School of Dentistry, the first dental school established in the United States. He was the third of five brothers and his three brothers also pursued careers in dentistry.

Dentist
A dentist, also known as a dental doctor, dental physician, dental surgeon, is a health care professional who specializes in dentistry, the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services. The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and sometimes dental therapists.
Yata Prefectural Natural Park
Yata Prefectural Natural Park (県立矢田自然公園, Kenritsu Yata shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in the hills of northwest Nara Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1967, the park spans the borders of the municipalities of Nara, Yamatokōriyama, Ikoma, and Ikaruga. Temples in the park include Ryōsen-ji, Yata-dera (矢田寺), Tōmyō-ji (東明寺), and Matsuo-dera (松尾寺).

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
Szegedin Highflyer
The Szegedin Highflyer is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Szegedin Highflyers, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia).
The breed belongs to the Flying/Sporting pigeons group.

Domestic pigeon
The domestic pigeon (Columba livia "domestica" or Columba livia forma domestica) is a domesticated bird derived from the rock dove Columba livia. Although often termed a "subspecies", the domesticated pigeon does not constitute an accepted zoological subspecies of the rock dove, but a collection of over 350 breeds. The rock dove is among the world's first birds to be domesticated; Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets mention the domestication of pigeons more than 5,000 years ago, as do Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Pigeons have held historical importance to humans as food, pets, symbolic animals, and messengers. Due to their homing ability, pigeons have been used to deliver messages, including war pigeons during the two world wars. City pigeons, which are feral birds, are generally seen as pests, mainly due to their droppings and a reputation for spreading disease.
Bald Mound, Illinois
Bald Mound is an unincorporated community in Blackberry Township, Kane County, Illinois, United States, located at the junction of County Routes 10 and 78, 4.9 miles (7.9 km) west of Batavia. The Stearns-Wadsworth House, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Bald Mound.

Batavia, Illinois
Batavia (/bəˈteɪviə/) is a city mainly in Kane County and partly in DuPage County in the U.S. state of Illinois. Located in the Chicago metropolitan area, it was founded in 1833 and is the oldest city in Kane County. Per the 2020 census, the population was 26,098.

During the latter part of the 19th century, Batavia, home to six American-style windmill manufacturing companies, became known as "The Windmill City". Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, a federal government-sponsored high-energy physics laboratory, where both the bottom quark and the top quark were first detected, is located just east of the city limits.

Batavia is part of a vernacular region known as the Tri-City area, along with St. Charles and Geneva, all western suburbs of similar size and relative socioeconomic condition.
Alexander Shand (ethnologist)
Alexander Shand (1840–1910) was a New Zealand farmer, interpreter and ethnographer. He was born in Petone, Wellington, New Zealand in 1840. His views on "sentiment" influenced William McDougall's theory of instinct.

William McDougall (psychologist)
William McDougall FRS (/məkˈduːɡəl/ mək-DOO-gəl; 22 June 1871 – 28 November 1938) was an early 20th century psychologist who was a professor at University College London, University of Oxford, Harvard University and Duke University. He wrote a number of influential textbooks, and was important in the development of the theory of instinct and of social psychology in the English-speaking world.

McDougall was an opponent of behaviourism and stands somewhat outside the mainstream of the development of Anglo-American psychological thought in the first half of the 20th century; but his work was known and respected among lay people.
Father John's Medicine
Father John's Medicine is a cough medicine that was first formulated in the United States in a Lowell, Massachusetts pharmacy in 1855 by Carleton and Hovey to give relief to ailing Father John O'Brien.  The tonic was a non-alcoholic mix made of cod liver oil and had a licorice taste.

Mr. Carleton and Mr. Hovey, using Father John as the spokesman, began to manufacture and mass-produce the medicine in Lowell, until the company was sold and moved to Cody, Wyoming in the early 1980s.

Today, as sold, the active ingredient in Father John's Medicine is dextromethorphan hydrobromide.

Many of Father John's Medicine Company Records are housed at the University of Massachusetts Lowell's Special Collections.

Cold medicine
Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract. The term encompasses a broad array of drugs, including analgesics, antihistamines and decongestants, among many others. It also includes drugs which are marketed as cough suppressants or antitussives, but their effectiveness in reducing cough symptoms is unclear or minimal.

While they have been used by 10% of American children in any given week, they are not recommended in Canada or the United States in children six years or younger because of lack of evidence showing effect and concerns of harm.
Kano Road Traffic Agency
Kano Road Traffic Agency (KAROTA) is a government agency responsible for traffic management and control, road safety, and other related matters within Kano State. The agency was established in 2012 with the mandate of ensuring safety on the roads, reducing accidents, and ensuring the free flow of traffic. KAROTA operates in collaboration with other law enforcement agencies such as the Nigeria Police Force and the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) to maintain law and order on the roads.

Nigeria Police Force
The Nigeria Police Force is the principal law enforcement and the lead security agency in Nigeria. It was designated by the 1999 constitution as the national police of Nigeria, with exclusive jurisdiction throughout the country. As at 2021, it had a staff strength of about 371,800. There are currently plans to increase the force to 650,000, adding 280,000 new recruits to the existing 370,000. The Nigeria Police Force is a very large organisation consisting of 36 State commands and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) grouped into 17 zones and 8 administrative organs. As of February 2026, the NPF is headed by IGP (Inspector General) Tunji Disu. In 2020, it underwent major overhauls.