hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ictidognathus
Ictidognathus is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids that lived in South Africa during the Late Permian. Fossils are found in the Tropidostoma and Cistecephalus Assemblage Zones of the Beaufort Group in the Western Cape.

Beaufort Group
The Beaufort Group is the third of the main subdivisions of the Karoo Supergroup  in South Africa. It is composed of a lower Adelaide Subgroup and an upper Tarkastad Subgroup. It follows conformably after the Ecca Group and unconformably underlies the Stormberg Group. Based on stratigraphic position, lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic correlations, palynological analyses, and other means of geological dating, the Beaufort Group rocks are considered to range between Middle Permian (Wordian) to Early Triassic (Anisian) in age.
Remington Model Four
The Remington Model Four is a semi-automatic rifle manufactured by Remington Arms from 1981 to 1987. It features a gas-operated action with a gloss-finished walnut stock. Unlike most Remington rifles, the Model Four spells out the number and is marketed as the Model Four not the Model 4.

The Model Four, like the Model 7400, is similar to the Model 742; according to an article in Popular Mechanics, the Model Four has a "smoother action and stronger lockup".

Remington Arms
Remington Arms Company, LLC, was an American manufacturer of firearms and ammunition. It was formerly owned by the Remington Outdoor Company, which went bankrupt in 2020 with its lines of business sold to several purchasers. Two resulting companies each bear the Remington name—the firearms manufacturer is Remington Firearms owned by RemArms, LLC., and the ammunition business is Remington Ammunition owned by The Kinetic Group (Czechoslovak Group).

Founded in 1816 by Eliphalet Remington as E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York, it was one of the oldest gun makers in the United States and claimed to be the oldest factory in the country that still made its original product. The company was the largest rifle manufacturer in North America according to 2015 ATF statistics. The company developed or adopted more cartridges than any other gun maker or ammunition manufacturer in the world.
Landau–Yang theorem
In quantum mechanics, the Landau–Yang theorem is a selection rule for particles that decay into two on-shell photons. The theorem states that a massive particle with spin 1 cannot decay into two photons. It is named after the work of Lev Landau in 1948 and C.N. Yang in 1950.

Selection rule
In physics and chemistry, a selection rule, or transition rule, formally constrains the possible transitions of a system from one quantum state to another. Selection rules have been derived for electromagnetic transitions in molecules, in atoms, in atomic nuclei, and so on. The selection rules may differ according to the technique used to observe the transition. The selection rule also plays a role in chemical reactions, where some are formally spin-forbidden reactions, that is, reactions where the spin state changes at least once from reactants to products.

In the following, mainly atomic and molecular transitions are considered.
Aluminium-based nanogalvanic alloys
Aluminium-based nanogalvanic alloys refer to a class of nanostructured metal powders that spontaneously and rapidly produce hydrogen gas upon contact with water or any liquid containing water as a result of their galvanic metal microstructure. It serves as a method of hydrogen production that can take place at a rapid pace at room temperature without the assistance of chemicals, catalysts, or externally supplied power.

Cathode
A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device such as a lead–acid battery. This definition can be recalled by using the mnemonic CCD for Cathode Current Departs. Conventional current describes the direction in which positive charges move. Electrons, which are the carriers of current in most electrical systems, have a negative electrical charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to that of the conventional current flow: this means that electrons flow into the device's cathode from the external circuit. For example, the end of a household battery marked with a + (plus) is the cathode.

The electrode through which conventional current flows the other way, into the device, is termed an anode.
13th Street (TV channel)
13th Street (France: 13ème Rue, Spain: Calle 13 and Poland: 13 Ulica) is a television channel specializing in action, suspense and police procedural programs and movies, mainly from the Universal Pictures and Television libraries. It is owned by NBCUniversal and was inaugurated in France in 1997, quickly adding local versions across Europe and Australia.

The channel changed its name to 13th Street Universal in the early 2010s like ’’Syfy Universal’’. The additional "Universal" notation was dropped after and the channel had a rebranding in March 2017.

Suspense
Suspense is a state of anxiety or excitement caused by mysteriousness, uncertainty, doubt, or undecidedness.  In a narrative work, suspense is the audience's excited anticipation about the plot or conflict (which may be heightened by a violent moment, stressful scene, puzzle, mystery, etc.), particularly as it affects a character for whom the audience feels sympathy. However, suspense is not exclusive to narratives.
Ponceau 4R
Ponceau 4R (known by more than 100 synonyms,: 460–461  including as C.I. 16255, cochineal red A, C.I. acid red 18, brilliant scarlet 3R, brilliant scarlet 4R, new coccine,: 460 ) is a synthetic colourant that may be used as a food colouring. It is denoted by E Number E124. Its chemical name is 1-(4-sulfo-1-napthylazo)-2-napthol-6,8-disulfonic acid, trisodium salt. Ponceau (17th century French for "poppy-coloured") is the generic name for a family of azo dyes.

Ponceau 4R is a strawberry red azo dye which can be used in a variety of food products, and is usually synthesized from aromatic hydrocarbons; it is stable to light, heat, and acid but fades in the presence of ascorbic acid.: 460

It is used in Europe, Asia, and Australia, but has not been approved for human consumption by the United States Food and Drug Administration.: 460

Azo compound
Azo compounds are organic compounds bearing the functional group diazenyl (R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ can be either aryl or alkyl groups).

IUPAC defines azo compounds as: "Derivatives of diazene (diimide), HN=NH, wherein both hydrogens are substituted by hydrocarbyl groups, e.g. PhN=NPh azobenzene or diphenyldiazene.", where Ph stands for phenyl group. The more stable derivatives contain two aryl groups. The N=N group is called an azo group (from French  azote 'nitrogen', from Ancient Greek  ἀ- (a-) 'not' and  ζωή (zōē) 'life').

Many textile and leather articles are dyed with azo dyes and pigments.
Buford, South Carolina
Buford is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lancaster County, South Carolina, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 398. It lies at the intersection of South Carolina Highways 9 and 522.

South Carolina Highway 9
South Carolina Highway 9 (SC 9) is a 259.570-mile (418 km) major state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels from Cherry Grove Beach to the North Carolina state line upstate. The highway is currently the longest state highway in South Carolina. It is signed as a north–south highway, even though it travels in an east–west direction.
Meares Glacier
The Meares Glacier is a large and only tidewater glacier at the head of Unakwik Inlet in Chugach National Forest, Alaska. The front is a wall of white ice with blue shadows (see image, right). It was first observed in 1905, and was named after an early explorer of the area, Captain John Meares. Writing in 1913, the U.S. Geographical Survey described the glacier as "one of the most beautiful ice streams of Prince William Sound." It is currently advancing into old-growth forest, slowly pushing down trees. Between 1996 and 2002, it advanced an average of 15 m per year. Its height at its front is estimated at 200 ft, and its width at about 1.2 km. In the early 1990s, the glacier had an estimated area of 142 km2.

Chugach National Forest
The Chugach National Forest is a 6,908,540-acre (27,958 km2) United States National Forest in south central Alaska. Covering portions of Prince William Sound, the Kenai Peninsula and the Copper River Delta, it was formed in 1907 from part of a larger forest reserve. The Chugach includes extensive shorelines, glaciers, forests and rivers, much of which is untouched by roads or trails. It hosts numerous bird, mammal and marine species, including extensive shorebird habitat and a bald eagle population larger than the contiguous 48 states combined. Human industry in the forest includes extensive tourism and some mining and oil and gas operations.
Cassette Store Day
Cassette Store Day was an international, annual observance intended to recognise the value of Compact Cassettes as a music format. Cassette Store Day was first held in 2013. The celebration was inspired by Record Store Day, which acknowledges the importance of record stores and the vinyl music format.

The '59 Sound
The '59 Sound is the second studio album by American punk rock band the Gaslight Anthem, released on August 19, 2008, by record label SideOneDummy.

In December 2008, eMusic named The '59 Sound the best album of 2008. NME rated it as the 47th best album of the year. The title track was number 62 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008.

In July 2009, following Bruce Springsteen's guest appearances with the band at Glastonbury and Hyde Park, sales of the album doubled. In 2018 The Gaslight Anthem released The '59 Sounds Sessions, a companion album to The 59 Sound featuring early versions of songs from the album as well as rarities and b-sides.
Dynetics
Dynetics is an American applied science and information technology company headquartered in Huntsville, Alabama. Its primary customers are the United States Department of Defense (DoD), the United States Intelligence Community, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Applied science
Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines, such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and laws that explain and predict natural or other phenomena.

There are applied natural sciences, as well as applied formal and social sciences. Applied science examples include genetic epidemiology which applies statistics and probability theory, and applied psychology, including criminology.
Nanman
The Man, commonly known as the Nanman or Southern Man (Chinese: 南蠻; Jyutping: Naam4 Maan4; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-bân, lit. Southern Barbarians), were ancient indigenous peoples who lived in inland South and Southwest China, mainly around the Yangtze River valley. In ancient Chinese sources, the term Nanman was used to collectively describe multiple ethnic groups, probably the predecessors of the modern Miao, Zhuang, and Dai peoples, and non-Chinese Sino-Tibetan groups such as the Jingpo and Yi peoples. It was an umbrella term that included any groups south of the expanding Huaxia civilization, and there was never a single polity that united these people, although the state of Chu ruled over much of the Yangtze region during the Zhou dynasty and was partly influenced by the Man culture.

Southwestern China
Southwestern China (Chinese: 西南; pinyin: Xīnán) is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet.
My Eyes (Travis Scott song)
"My Eyes" is a song by American rapper Travis Scott from his fourth studio album Utopia (2023). It features uncredited additional vocals from Sampha and Justin Vernon. The song was written by the vocalists alongside Dua Saleh, Wheezy, Buddy Ross, Vegyn, and WondaGurl, the latter four producing it with Scott and Vernon.

Sampha
Sampha Lahai Sisay (born 16 November 1988) is a British singer, songwriter, musician and record producer from Morden, South London. Sampha has collaborated with Drake, Kendrick Lamar, Frank Ocean, SBTRKT, Jessie Ware, Alicia Keys, Gorillaz, Florence + the Machine, Travis Scott, Kanye West, Daniel Caesar, Solange and others. Sampha has released two solo EPs: Sundanza (2010) and Dual (2013). Sampha's debut album, Process, was released on 3 February 2017 by Young and won the 2017 Mercury Prize. His second album, Lahai, was released on 20 October 2023.
2014 Challenger ATP Cachantún Cup
The 2014 Challenger ATP Cachantún Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Santiago, Chile between 14 and 20 April.

Thiemo de Bakker
Thiemo Carsten Jannick de Bakker (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtimoː də ˈbɑkər]; born 19 September 1988) is a Dutch tennis coach and a former professional player. He has an ATP career-high ranking in singles of World No. 40 achieved on 19 July 2010.
Nizhnetroitsky
Nizhnetroitsky (Russian: Нижнетроицкий) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Nizhnetroitsky Selsoviet, Tuymazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 4,008 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

Tuymazinsky District
Tuymazinsky District (Russian: Туймази́нский райо́н; Bashkir and Tatar: Туймазы районы, Tuymazı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Sharansky District in the north, Buzdyaksky District in the east, Belebeyevsky District in the southeast and south, Yermekeyevsky District in the south, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 2,403 square kilometers (928 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Tuymazy (which is administratively separate from the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 64,389.
Heléne Björklund
Eva Heléne Björklund (née Persson; born 29 September 1972) is a Swedish Social Democratic politician who has been a member of the Riksdag since the 2018 general election. She holds seat number 184 for the Blekinge County's constituency but originally was seated on seat number 93. She is currently a member of the Committee on Defence.

Committee on Defence (Sweden)
The (Parliamentary) Committee on Defence (Swedish: Försvarsutskottet, FöU) is a parliamentary committee in the Swedish Riksdag. The committee's areas of responsibility concern the military (insofar as such matters do not belong to the preparation of any other committee), the role of the population in defence policies (total defence), along with coordination inside the total defence. The committee also treats questions regarding the coast guard.

The committee's speaker is Peter Hultqvist from the Social Democratic Party since 2022 and the vice-speaker is Lars Wistedt from the Sweden Democrats since 2023.
Ferral del Bernesga
Ferral del Bernesga, also known as Ferral, is a Spanish town, belonging to the municipality of San Andrés del Rabanedo, in the province of León and the comarca of Tierra de León, in the Autonomous Community of Castile and León. As of 2024 it had a population of 575 people.

On 25 August 1937, the Spanish anarchist and Falangist revolutionary Pedro Durruti was executed by a firing squad in Ferral del Bersesga.

Province of León
León (UK: /leɪˈɒn/, US: /leɪˈoʊn/; Spanish: [leˈon]; Leonese: Llión [ʎiˈoŋ]; Galician: [leˈoŋ]) is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the capital, León. The climate is dry, cold in winter and hot in summer. This creates the perfect environment for wine and all types of cold meats and sausages like the leonese "Morcilla" and the "Cecina".

There are two famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in the province, the main one in León and another in Astorga. The province shares the Picos de Europa National Park (in the Picos de Europa mountain range) with Cantabria and Asturias. It has 211 municipalities.
Fernanda Maciel
Fernanda Maciel (born c. 1980) is a Brazilian skyrunner and former environmental lawyer. She is known for her quest to set the fastest known time on the world's Seven Summits. She has set women's speed records on summits of Aconcagua, Kilimanjaro, Mount Vinson, Mount Elbrus, and the Carstensz Pyramid.

Fastest known time
A fastest known time (FKT) is the speed record for a running, hiking, or cycling route. Unlike most endurance sports competitions such as marathon world records, FKTs are self-organized and done alone or in small groups. FKTs are most popular on long trails suitable for thru-hiking or ultramarathon trail running such as the Appalachian Trail, the Pennine Way, and the John Muir Trail.
Milanka Price Index
The Milanka Price Index was one of the principal stock indices of the Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka till it was discontinued in January 2013 further to introduction of Standard & Poor's Sri Lanka 20 index.  It was composed of a select group of 25 best performing stocks, a list which was reviewed each quarter, as opposed to the Colombo Stock Exchange's "All Share Price Index", which uses all of the ~250 stocks on the exchange to calculate an index value.

Stock market index
In finance, a stock market index or stock index is an index that measures the performance of a stock market, or of a subset of a stock market. It helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance.

Two of the primary criteria of an index are that it is investable and transparent: The methods of its construction are specified. Investors may be able to invest in a stock market index by buying an index fund, which is structured as either a mutual fund or an exchange-traded fund, and "tracks" an index. The difference between an index fund's performance and the index, if any, is called tracking error.
Epicurean paradox
The Epicurean paradox is a logical dilemma about the problem of evil attributed to the Greek philosopher Epicurus, who argued against the existence of a god who is simultaneously omniscient, omnipotent, and omnibenevolent.

Lactantius
Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius (c. 250 – c. 325) was an early Christian author who became an advisor to Roman emperor Constantine I, guiding his Christian religious policy in its initial stages of emergence, and a tutor to his son Crispus. His most important work is the Institutiones Divinae ("The Divine Institutes"), an apologetic treatise intended to establish the reasonableness and truth of Christianity to pagan critics.

He is best known for his apologetic works, widely read during the Renaissance by humanists, who called Lactantius the "Christian Cicero". Also often attributed to Lactantius is the poem The Phoenix, which is based on the myth of the phoenix from Egypt and Arabia. Though the poem is not clearly Christian in its motifs, modern scholars have found some literary evidence in the text to suggest the author had a Christian interpretation of the eastern myth as a symbol of resurrection.
Carlos Furche
Carlos Furche Guajardo (born 24 September 1950) is a Chilean agricultural engineer and politician who served as minister during the second government of Michelle Bachelet (2014−2018).

During his professional career, Furche has provided different international services specialized in agricultural trade negotiations and the management of the free trade agreements of Chile. By the other hand, he worked for the Ministry of Agriculture from 1994 to 2004, where he served as the national director of the Office Agrarian Studies and Policies (ODEPA). From 2004 to 2010, he was director of the International Economic Relations.

He has provided services for the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) advising the Republic of Georgia. In 2011, he worked as an advisor to the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism of Colombia.

Ministry of Agriculture (Chile)
The Ministry of Agriculture (Spanish: Ministerio de Agricultura) is an institution in charge of the agriculture and livestock in Chile. It was created in 1924 under the name of Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Colonization; its current name was established in 1930.

Since August 2025, Ignacia Fernández Gatica is the current minister.
Barwon Water
Barwon Water (full name Barwon Region Water Corporation) is a government owned statutory authority that controls much of the water system in Geelong, Victoria, Australia including the reservoirs, and the sewerage and drainage system that services the city and surrounding districts. With a service area covering approximately 8100 square kilometres, the boundaries are Little River in the north, the Bellarine Peninsula in the east, Meredith and Cressy in the north, and Apollo Bay to the south-west.

The organisation dates back to 1908 when the Geelong Municipal Waterworks Trust was created, and expanded to become the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust in 1910. In 1984 the trust was merged with other local water and sewage authorities to form the Geelong and District Water Board, and again restructured to form the Barwon Region Water Authority in 1994 (trading as Barwon Water).

Cressy, Victoria
Cressy  is a town in Victoria, Australia, approximately 38 kilometres (24 mi) north of Colac on the Ballarat road. It is divided between Golden Plains Shire, the Shire of Colac Otway, and Corangamite Shire. At the 2016 census, Cressy and the surrounding area had a population of 175.
Betty Paoli
Betty Paoli (born Barbara Elisabeth Babette Glück; 30 December 1814 – 5 July 1894) was an Austrian writer, a companion of Princess Maria Anna Schwarzenberg (1767–1848) and friend of Maria von Ebner-Eschenbach. Paoli was a poet, journalist, translator, and art and theater critic.

Lady's companion
A lady's companion was a woman of genteel birth who lived with a woman of rank or wealth as retainer. The term was in use in the United Kingdom from at least the 18th century to the mid-20th century but it has become archaic. The profession is known in most of the Western world. The role was related to the position of lady-in-waiting, which by the 19th century was applied only to the female retainers of female members of the British royal family. Ladies-in-waiting were usually women from the most privileged backgrounds who took the position for the prestige of associating with royalty, or for the enhanced marriage prospects available to those who spent time at court, but lady's companions usually took up their occupation because they needed to earn a living and have somewhere to live. A companion is not to be confused with lady's maid, a female personal attendant roughly equivalent to a "gentleman's gentleman" or valet, who would often be from a more working class background.
Nickel sulfide
Nickel sulfide  is any inorganic compound with the formula NixSy.  These compounds range in color from bronze (Ni3S2) to black (NiS2).  The nickel sulfide with simplest stoichiometry is NiS, also known as the mineral millerite.  From the economic perspective, Ni9S8, the mineral pentlandite, is the chief source of mined nickel.  Other minerals include heazlewoodite (Ni3S2), polydymite (Ni3S4), and vaesite (NiS2). Some nickel sulfides are used commercially as catalysts.

Heazlewoodite
Heazlewoodite, Ni3S2, is a rare sulfur-poor nickel sulfide mineral found in serpentinitized dunite. It occurs as disseminations and masses of opaque, metallic light bronze to brassy yellow grains which crystallize in the trigonal crystal system. It has a hardness of 4, a specific gravity of 5.82. Heazlewoodite was first described in 1896 from Heazlewood, Tasmania, Australia.