hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Well-structured transition system
In computer science, specifically in the field of formal verification, well-structured transition systems (WSTSs) are a general class of infinite state systems for which many verification problems are decidable, owing to the existence of a kind of order between the states of the system which is compatible with the transitions of the system.
The first definition of a general Well-Structured Transition System (WSTS) was introduced by Alain Finkel in his ICALP 1987 paper titled "A Generalization of the Procedure of Karp and Miller to Well Structured Transition Systems".
WSTS decidability results can be applied to Petri nets, lossy channel systems, and more.

Recursive language
In mathematics, logic and computer science, a recursive (or decidable) language is a recursive subset of the Kleene closure of an alphabet. Equivalently, a formal language is recursive if there exists a Turing machine that decides the formal language. In theoretical computer science, such always-halting Turing machines are called total Turing machines or algorithms.

The concept of decidability may be extended to other models of computation. For example, one may speak of languages decidable on a non-deterministic Turing machine.  Therefore, whenever an ambiguity is possible, the synonym used for "recursive language" is Turing-decidable language, rather than simply decidable.

The class of all recursive languages is often called R, although this name is also used for the class RP.

This type of language was not defined in the Chomsky hierarchy. All recursive languages are also recursively enumerable. All regular, context-free and context-sensitive languages are recursive.
International Selkirk Loop
The International Selkirk Loop is a 280-mile-long (450 km) scenic highway in the U.S. states of Idaho and Washington, as well as the Canadian province of British Columbia. The loop encircles the Selkirk Mountain Range, and offers several side trips aside from the main route. Included on the loop is the Kootenay Lake Ferry, the longest free ferry in the world. The portion of the loop in the United States has been designated an All-American Road by the United States Department of Transportation.

United States Department of Transportation
The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT or DOT) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It is headed by the secretary of transportation, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

The department's fiscal year 2022–2026 strategic plan states that its mission is "to deliver the world's leading transportation system, serving the American people and economy through the safe, efficient, sustainable, and equitable movement of people and goods."
Vertebrate visual opsin
Vertebrate visual opsins are a subclass of ciliary opsins and mediate vision in vertebrates. They include the opsins in human rod and cone cells. They are often abbreviated to opsin, as they were the first opsins discovered and are still the most widely studied opsins.

Visual cycle
The visual cycle is a process in the retina that replenishes the molecule retinal for its use in vision. Retinal is the chromophore of most visual opsins, meaning it captures the photons to begin the phototransduction cascade. When the photon is absorbed, the 11-cis retinal photoisomerizes into all-trans retinal as it is ejected from the opsin protein. Each molecule of retinal must travel from the photoreceptor cell to the RPE and back in order to be refreshed and combined with another opsin. This closed enzymatic pathway of 11-cis retinal is sometimes called Wald's visual cycle after George Wald (1906–1997), who received the Nobel Prize in 1967 for his work towards its discovery.
Joseph-Adolphe Dorion
Joseph-Adolphe Dorion (March 19, 1832 – October 24, 1900) was a notary and political figure in Quebec. He represented Richelieu in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1871 to 1875 as a Conservative.

He was born in Saint-Ours, Lower Canada, the son of Jacques Dorion and Catherine-Louise Lovell. He was educated at the Séminaire de Saint-Hyacinthe and the Collège de Joliette. He was admitted to practice in 1863 and settled at Saint-Ours. Dorion was also justice of the peace, coroner, president of the Agricultural Society for Richelieu County and county treasurer. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the legislative assembly for the Province of Canada in 1861. In 1865, Dorion married Henriette-Amélie, the daughter of seigneur François-Roch de Saint-Ours. In 1882, he was named to the Legislative Council of Quebec for Sorel division and served there until 1897. Dorion died in Saint-Ours at the age of 68.

Conservative Party of Quebec (historical)
The Conservative Party of Quebec (French: Parti conservateur du Québec) was a political party in Quebec, Canada, from 1867 until 1936, when it merged with members of the Action libérale nationale to form the Union Nationale.
Trecia Roberts
Trecia Roberts (Thai: ทรีเซีย โรเบิร์ตส; born 4 February 1971 in Bangkok, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon) is a Thai-American 100 metres hurdles runner. She was born to a Thai mother and an African-American father.

She competed for the United States up to and including the 1999 indoor season, but represented Thailand at the 1999 World Championships.

She won the silver medal at the 2000 Asian Championships and bronze medals at the Asian Championships in 2002 and 2003 as well as the 2002 Asian Games, where she also helped win a silver medal in 4 x 100 metres relay. She finished sixth at the 2006 Asian Games.

She also competed at the World Championships in 1999, 2001, 2003 and 2005, the World Indoor Championships in 2001 and the Olympic Games in 2000 and 2004 without reaching the final.

Her personal best time is 12.73 seconds, achieved in July 1998 in Flagstaff. She competed for the United States at the time, but later set a Thai record of 12.83 seconds.

2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 8th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics were held at the Pavilhão Atlântico in Lisbon, Portugal from March 9 to March 11, 2001. It was the first time the Championships had been held in Portugal. There were a total number of 511 participating athletes from 136 countries.
Catawissa Friends Meetinghouse
Catawissa Friends Meetinghouse is a historic Quaker meetinghouse at South and 3rd Streets in Catawissa, Columbia County, Pennsylvania.  It was built about 1789, and is a one-story log building on a stone foundation. It measures 30 feet (9.1 m) by 27 feet 6 inches (8.38 m).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Meeting house
A meeting house (also spelled meetinghouse or meeting-house) is a building for religious and sometimes private meetings. It is primarily associated with Christian worship of certain movements after the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, or later movements that developed from a Christian basis.
You've Got a Friend
"You've Got a Friend" is a 1971 song and single by American singer-songwriter Carole King. It was first recorded by King and included on her second studio album, Tapestry (1971). Another well-known version by James Taylor appears on his album Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon (1971). His version, which features backing vocals by Joni Mitchell, was released as a single in 1971, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and number four on the UK Singles Chart. The two versions were recorded simultaneously in 1971 with some shared musicians.

"You've Got a Friend" won Grammy Awards for both Taylor (Best Male Pop Vocal Performance) and King (Song of the Year) at the 14th Annual Grammy Awards in 1972. Dozens of other artists have recorded the song over the years, including Dusty Springfield, Michael Jackson, Anne Murray, and Donny Hathaway.

In 2001, Taylor's version was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. King's version was inducted in 2002.

Grammy Hall of Fame
The Grammy Hall of Fame is a hall of fame to honor musical recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance. Inductees are selected annually by a special member committee of eminent and knowledgeable professionals from all branches of the recording arts. It is compiled by The Recording Academy in the United States, and was established in 1973. Recordings (singles and albums) in all genres are eligible for selection, and must be over 25 years old to be considered. Additions to the list are chosen annually by a committee of recording arts professionals.

Alphabetical listing by title:

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (A–D)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (E–I)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (J–P)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (Q–Z)
Pseudocrioceras
Pseudocrioceras is an extinct genus of ammonites. The species Pseudocrioceras anthulai has been found in strata from the Barremian - Aptian age of Chipatá, Santander, Colombia and is known from Georgia and Dagestan. The species Pseudocrioceras duvalianum and Pseudocrioceras fasciculare are found in the Barremian of France.

This genus was an actively mobile carnivore with a nektonic lifestyle.

Chipatá, Santander
Chipatá is a town and municipality in the Vélez Province, part of the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia. The urban centre is situated at an altitude of 1,820 metres (5,970 ft) at a distance of 227 kilometres (141 mi) from the department capital Bucaramanga and at 237 kilometres (147 mi) from the national capital Bogotá. The municipality borders Vélez in the south and west, La Paz in the north, San Benito, Güepsa and Barbosa in the east.
Otha Wearin
Otha Donner Wearin (January 10, 1903 – April 3, 1990) was an American writer and politician. Elected as the youngest member of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first "New Deal" Congress, his political career stalled in 1938 when he gave up his seat in the United States House of Representatives at Roosevelt's urging to run for a U.S. Senate seat held by another Democrat, Guy Gillette, but primary voters rallied behind Gillette. He became a prolific writer, which led to his election to the Cowboy Hall of Fame.

National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum
The National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum is a museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, with more than 28,000 Western and Native American art works and artifacts. The facility also has the world's most extensive collection of American rodeo photographs, barbed wire, saddlery, and early rodeo trophies. Museum collections focus on preserving and interpreting the heritage of the American West. The museum has an extensive collection of paintings by Charles Marion Russell and Frederic Remington. It also hosts the annual Prix de West Invitational Art Exhibition and Sale each June, one of the leading events in the world of Western American Art. The Prix de West Artists sell original works of art as a fundraiser for the museum.
Charanga-vallenata
Charanga-vallenata is a style of Latin music that combines conjunto, charanga and vallenato-style accordion. It is essentially Cumbia performed at double its normal speed. It could also be interpreted as Mambo with lyrics. It became popular in the 1970s, when it was associated with Roberto Torres.

Roberto Torres (musician)
Roberto Torres (born 10 February 1938) is a Cuban singer, percussionist, bandleader and producer. Born in Güines, Cuba, he moved to the United States in 1959, where he became involved in the Latin music scenes of New York and Miami. In 1979, he founded two record labels, Guajiro Records and its subsidiary, SAR, both devoted to Cuban music. As a singer and musician, he is famous for his combination of Cuban and Colombian music, which he termed "charanga vallenata". His biggest hit was a cover version of Simón Díaz's "Caballo Viejo". He was a member of the Sonora Matancera for three years. He has also appeared in music documentaries such as Son sabrosón: antesala de la salsa.

On 2 June 2011, the Cuban-American community of Union City, New Jersey honored Torres with a star on the Walk of Fame at Celia Cruz Plaza.
Bugs Bunny Builders
Bugs Bunny Builders is an American preschool animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation, based on the characters from Looney Tunes. The series premiered on July 25, 2022,  on Cartoon Network on their Cartoonito preschool block and was released on July 26 on HBO Max. It is the second pre-school program in the Looney Tunes cartoon franchise, following Baby Looney Tunes in 2002.

Season 2 premiered on Max on March 26, 2024, and later premiered on Cartoonito in April 2024.

Cartoonito
Cartoonito is a brand name used by Warner Bros. Discovery for a collection of television networks and programming blocks aimed at preschool children. The name combines the "cartoon" with the Spanish suffix "ito", meaning "small".

As of November 2025, Cartoonito exists as a TV channel across Europe (including the United Kingdom and Ireland, where it originated), the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia, and South Korea; as a block on Cartoon Network in the US but it has no branding, and Cartoon Network in the UK w/branding, the Middle East, Turkey, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, South Asia, and New Zealand.
UK Web Archive
The UK Web Archive is a consortium of the six UK legal deposit libraries which aims to collect all UK websites at least once each year. As of December 2025, its website is unavailable because of a cyberattack on the British Library in October 2023.

British Library cyberattack
In October 2023, Rhysida, a hacker group, attacked the online information systems of the British Library. They demanded a ransom of 20 bitcoin, at the time around £596,000, to restore services and return the stolen data. When the British Library did not acquiesce to the demands, Rhysida publicly released approximately 600GB of leaked material online. Services at the library were severely disrupted for months. It has been described as "one of the worst cyber incidents in British history".

The main catalogue returned online on 15 January 2024 in a read-only format, although some of the library's services are expected to remain unavailable for months. The British Library will use about 40 percent of its financial reserves, around £6–7 million, to recover from the attack.
Thiovulum majus
Thiovulum majus is a species of bacteria and a member of the phylum Campylobacterota. This sulfide-oxidizing species has been observed to swim at speeds as high as 615 micrometers per second, faster than those recorded for any other bacterial species.

Sulfide
Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions.  Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (HS−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide.
Idir Khourta
Idir Abdullah Khourta (Arabic: إدير عبدالله خرطة; born 26 July 1986 in Sète, France) is a French-born Algerian table tennis player. As of February 2013, Khourta is ranked no. 522 in the world by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). Khourta is a member of the table tennis team for Fréjus Sports Club, and is coached and trained by Eric Angles. He is also left-handed, and uses the classic grip and Yasaka Offensif 40 blade.

Representing his adopted nation Algeria, Khourta qualified for the men's singles tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, by receiving a place as one of the top 8 seeded players from the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algiers. He lost the preliminary round match to Australia's William Henzell, with a final set score of 1–4.

International Table Tennis Federation
The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) is the governing body for national table tennis associations that use ITTF-approved sponge table tennis rackets. The federation oversees rules and regulations, seeks technological improvement for the sport, and organizes numerous international competitions, including the World Table Tennis Championships.
Richard Chaloner, 3rd Baron Gisborough
(Thomas) Richard John Long Chaloner, 3rd Baron Gisborough (born 1 July 1927) is a British peer.

Chaloner was born at Hurworth Old Hall, Darlington, the son of Thomas Chaloner, 2nd Baron Gisborough, and Esther Hall. He succeeded his father as Baron Gisborough in 1951. In 1967 he was appointed to the Board of Universal Television Yorkshire. In 1973, he was appointed deputy lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire and in 1981 he became Lord Lieutenant of Cleveland. Lord Gisborough was one of the few former members of the House of Lords to be in place for the accession of Queen Elizabeth II and to be living for the accession of her successor, King Charles III.

Darlington
Darlington is a market town in the Borough of Darlington, County Durham, England. It lies on the River Skerne, 13 miles (21 km) west of Middlesbrough and 17 miles (27 km) south of Durham. Darlington had a population of 107,800 at the 2021 Census, making it a "large town" and one of the largest settlements in North East England. The town is linked to London, Leeds, York, Newcastle and Edinburgh by the East Coast Main Line railway and the A1 road.
2020 Centennial Cup
The 2020 Centennial Cup was to be the 50th Canadian junior A ice hockey national championship for the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL) and the 50th consecutive year the national championship was awarded to this skill level since the breakaway of Major Junior hockey in 1970.  The tournament was scheduled to be played at Stride Place in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba from May 9 to 17, 2020.

Hockey Canada and the CJHL elected to hold the tournament in Manitoba in honour of the 50th season of the Junior A championship, originally called the Manitoba Centennial Cup.  The city of Portage la Prairie and Portage Terriers previously hosted the 2015 national championship, then known as the RBC Cup.

The 2020 Centennial Cup, regional championships, and member league playoffs were cancelled on March 12, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Canadian Junior Hockey League
The Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL) is an association of Canadian junior A ice hockey leagues and teams and was formed in November 1993, emerging from the Canada West Association of Junior 'A' Hockey.  The champion of the Canadian Junior Hockey League wins the Centennial Cup.

The CJHL spans the majority of Canada, from the Prairies to the Atlantic Coast.  The only regional organizations of Hockey Canada to currently not have member teams or a league are BC Hockey, Hockey Newfoundland and Labrador (Hockey NL), and Hockey North.  In addition to BC Hockey, Hockey NL, and Hockey North, Hockey New Brunswick and Hockey PEI do not have their own leagues, but have teams from their region playing under Hockey Nova Scotia within the Maritime Junior Hockey League (MHL).
The Telling (film)
The Telling is a 2009 horror film starring Holly Madison and Bridget Marquardt from the E! television series The Girls Next Door. The film is also the producing debut of Bridget Marquardt, who teamed up with veteran producer Chuck Williams. It is directed by Jeff Burr and first time director Nicholas Carpenter, grandson of filmmaker Hal Roach.

The making of the film was featured on the popular reality show The Girls Next Door. The majority of the filming took place at the Playboy Mansion and the Hollywood Castle. In addition to Madison and Marquardt, Playboy Playmate of the Year Sara Jean Underwood makes an appearance in the film.

Jeff Burr
Jeffrey Cameron Burr (July 18, 1961 – October 10, 2023) was an American film director, writer, and producer known for his work in horror sequels, such as Stepfather II, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III, Puppet Master 4 and 5, and Pumpkinhead II.
The Knife (song)
"The Knife" is a song by progressive rock band Genesis from their second album, Trespass (1970). The first half of the song was released as a single in May 1971 with the second half as the B-side, with different personnel alike Phil Collins and Steve Hackett,  but it did not chart. The heavy, progressive rock style of the song was a marked change from previous Genesis songs; it showed the band pioneering a new direction.

Tony Banks (musician)
Anthony George Banks (born 27 March 1950) is an English musician primarily known as the keyboardist and founding member of the rock band Genesis. Banks is also a prolific solo artist, releasing six solo studio albums that range through progressive rock, pop, and classical music.

Banks co-founded Genesis in 1967 while studying at Charterhouse. He was their keyboardist and one of their principal songwriters and lyricists. He became a frequent user of the Hammond T-102 organ, Mellotron, ARP Pro Soloist and Yamaha CP-70 piano. In the band's earliest years Banks would play acoustic guitar for some of the mellow and pastoral songs.

In 2010, Banks was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Genesis. In 2011, he was included on MusicRadar's list of the 27 greatest keyboard players of all time. In 2015, he was named "Prog God" at the Progressive Music Awards.
Lanza (Milan Metro)
Lanza is an underground station on Line 2 of the Milan Metro. The station was opened on 3 March 1978 as part of the extension from Garibaldi FS to Cadorna.

The station is located on Via Giovanni Lanza, within the core area of the city centre of Milan, in the vicinity of the Sforzesco Castle. The station allows riders to reach the Brera district, the Piccolo Teatro di Milano, the Parco Sempione and the city aquarium.

Lanza is the only station in the center to have an input on the front surface of a building. It is also the only stop on Line 2 to have the platforms parallel to each other on the same level, but in two different tunnels without the use of a central platform.

According to a sign indicating the distance between stations, Moscova station is 550 meters away.

Milan Metro
The Milan Metro (Italian: Metropolitana di Milano) is the rapid transit system serving Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi. The network consists of five lines with a total network length of 111.8 kilometres (69.5 mi), and a total of 125 stations (+2 in construction), mostly underground. It has a daily ridership of about 1.4 million on weekdays. The Milan Metro is the largest rapid transit system in Italy in terms of length, number of stations and ridership; and the fifth longest in the European Union and the eighth in Europe.

The first line, Line 1, opened in 1964; Line 2 opened 5 years later in 1969, Line 3 in 1990, Line 5 (driverless) in 2013, and Line 4 (driverless) in 2022. There are also several extensions planned and under construction. The architectural project of the Milan Metro, created by Franco Albini and Franca Helg, and the signs, designed by Bob Noorda, received the Compasso d'Oro award in 1964.
Malegaon, Mulshi
Malegaon is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Kamshet railway station
Kamshet railway station or Kamshet station is a railway station of Pune Suburban Railway on Mumbai–Chennai line.

Local trains between Pune Junction–Lonavala, Shivaji Nagar–Lonavala stop here.

The only passenger train having a stop at this station is the Pune Junction–Karjat Passenger.

The station has two platforms and a foot overbridge. Nearby attractions are two hilly forts, namely Tikona Fort and Tung Fort, and the Pavna Dam and boating.