hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marcus Magius Maximus
Marcus Magius Maximus was an eques active during the reign of the emperor Augustus. Maximus was prefect of Roman Egypt from AD 12 to 14. It was thought Maximus had been appointed prefect of Egypt twice -- the only person to hold this office twice -- based almost solely on a problematic passage in Philo's In Flaccum, but John Rea has shown this passage can be read more plausibly in a different way, removing all support for this belief.

While prefect of Egypt, Maximus had an obelisk that Ptolemy II Philadelphus had erected as a memorial to his wife and sister Arsinoe II in Alexandria moved to the market-place because it was in the way of the harbor.

An inscription from Aeclanum near Beneventum suggests that Magius Maximus was also procurator of Hispania Tarraconensis. However, H. G. Pflaum has argued that the more usual path from procurator of that province was to that of Syria, which would make Maximus' inferred career unusual.

Roman Syria
Roman Syria was an early Roman province annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War following the defeat of King of Armenia Tigranes the Great, who had become the protector of the Hellenistic kingdom of Syria.

Following the partition of the Herodian Kingdom of Judea into a tetrarchy in 4 BC, it was gradually absorbed into Roman provinces, with Roman Syria annexing Iturea and Trachonitis. By the late 2nd century AD, the province was divided into Coele Syria and Syria Phoenice.
Madan Lal Madhu
Madan Lal Madhu (1925–2014) was an Indian poet and translator, known for his translations of Russian classics into Hindi. He was one of the founders of Hindustani Samaj, an Indian community in Moscow and a recipient of the Medal of Pushkin and the Order of Friendship of the former Soviet Union. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian award of Padma Shri in 1991.

Premchand
Dhanpat Rai Srivastava (31 July 1880 – 8 October 1936), better known as Munshi Premchand based on his pen name Premchand (pronounced [preːm t͡ʃənd̪] ⓘ), was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindustani literature.

Premchand was a pioneer of Hindi and Urdu social fiction. He was one of the first authors to write about caste hierarchies and the plight of women and labourers of the late 1880s. He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent, and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindi writers of the early twentieth century. His works include Godaan, Karmabhoomi, Gaban, Mansarovar, and Idgah. He published his first collection of five short stories in 1907 in a book called Soz-e-Watan (Sorrow of the Nation).

His works include more than a dozen novels, around 300 short stories, several essays and translations of a number of Indian and foreign literary works into Hindi.
Gladstone Pottery Museum
The Gladstone Pottery Museum is a working museum of a medium-sized coal-fired pottery, typical of those once common in the North Staffordshire area of England from the time of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century  to the mid 20th century. It is a grade II* listed building.

The museum is located in Longton, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire.
It is also included in one of the regional routes of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
Despite the name of the museum, it is a complex of buildings from two works, the Gladstone and the Roslyn. The protected features include the kilns. As there are fewer than 50 surviving bottle ovens in Stoke-on-Trent (and only a scattering elsewhere in the UK), the museum's kilns along with others in the Longton conservation area represent a significant proportion of the national stock of the structures.

In 1976, the Gladstone Pottery Museum was awarded National Heritage Museum of the Year.

Museum of the Year
The Museum of the Year Award, formerly known as the Gulbenkian Prize and the Art Fund Prize, is an annual prize awarded to a museum or gallery in the United Kingdom for a "track record of imagination, innovation and excellence". The award of £100,000 is Britain's biggest single art prize, and the largest single museum arts prize in the world. The prize and is presented to a museum or gallery, large or small, anywhere in the UK, whose entry, in the opinion of the judges, best demonstrates a track record of imagination, innovation and excellence through work mainly undertaken during the previous calendar year.
Gripe water
Gripe water is a non-prescription product sold in many countries around the world to relieve colic and other gastrointestinal ailments and discomforts of infants. No evidence supports the efficacy of gripe water and one limited study in India questions whether the consumption of gripe water is related to vomiting in babies that already showed signs of colic. The original formula contained alcohol and sugar in addition to sodium bicarbonate and dill oil. Present-day products do not contain alcohol, and may contain fennel, ginger, chamomile or lemon balm in addition to, or as a replacement for, dill oil. Some gripe water products still contain sugar, while others may contain charcoal. Amounts given are one to several teaspoons (5 mL = one teaspoon) per day.

Gastrointestinal disease
Gastrointestinal diseases (abbrev. GI diseases or GI illnesses) refer to diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, namely the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum; and the accessory organs of digestion, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Seal of Westfield, Massachusetts
The Seal of the City of Westfield, Massachusetts, is the official seal of the government of Westfield, Massachusetts, United States.

The seal, shown at right, was designed in 1921 by Ralph M. Sizer, a resident of Westfield, at the request of the city's first mayor, George W. Searle. Louis B. Warfield, also of Westfield, was the engraver of the seal, which was accepted by the city in April 1921.

The seal features an image of the General William Shepard Memorial located in Westfield. General William Shepard was a long-time revolutionary and spent most of his life and died in Westfield. Active in the protection of Westfield and its surrounding areas, Shepard was a significant person in the history of Westfield.

Westfield, Massachusetts
Westfield is a city in Hampden County, in the Pioneer Valley of western Massachusetts, United States. Westfield was first settled by Europeans in 1660. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 40,834 at the 2020 census.
Yellow-throated whistler
The yellow-throated whistler (Pachycephala macrorhyncha), or Banda Sea whistler, is a species of bird in the family Pachycephalidae. It is endemic to central and south-eastern Wallacea, where it ranges from Timor east to the Tanimbars and north to Seram and Banggai (roughly equalling the islands in or adjacent to the Banda Sea). The oriole whistler is sometimes alternatively called the yellow-throated whistler, leading to confusion between both species.

Wallacea
Wallacea /wɒˈleɪsiə/ is a biogeographical designation for a group of mainly Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves. Wallacea includes Sulawesi, the largest island in the group, as well as Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, and Timor. The islands of Wallacea lie between the Sunda Shelf (the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java) to the west, and the Sahul Shelf, including Australia, New Guinea, and Maluku islands to the south and east. The total land area of Wallacea is 347,000 km2 (134,000 sq mi).
Dan Magnus
Daniel Magnus (born September 18, 1956) is an American martial artist, celebrity bodyguard, fugitive recovery specialist, businessman and heart transplant survivor.  He is a two-time world kickboxing champion and is best known for being the only person to ever defend his championship title after open-heart surgery.  He is an 8th-degree Black Belt and has owned and operated five Martial Arts schools.

Black belt
In East Asian martial arts, the black belt is associated with expertise, but may indicate only competence, depending on the martial art. The use of colored belts is a relatively recent invention dating from the 1880s.
Hecht's
Hecht's was an American department store chain founded in 1857 by Samuel Hecht, Jr. It was headquartered in Washington, D.C., and operated in the Mid-Atlantic and Southern United States. The family business was acquired by The May Department Stores Company in 1959, which itself was acquired by Federated Department Stores in 2005. Hecht's was dissolved in favor of the Federated-owned Bloomingdale's and Macy's brands in 2006.

Bloomingdale's
Bloomingdale's Inc. is an upmarket American department store chain founded in 1861 by Joseph Bloomingdale and Lyman Bloomingdale. It was acquired by Federated Department Stores in 1930.  Federated purchased Macy's department store chain in 1994 and was renamed Macy's, Inc. in 2007.

As of 2024, Bloomingdale's had a total of 32 directly-owned department stores, 21 outlet stores and 4 Bloomie's by Bloomingdale's concept stores. Nordstrom is its primary competitor.  Internationally, Bloomingdale's has 3 franchised stores in Dubai and Kuwait.

Comparable sales rose 9% in the third quarter of 2025 — the strongest gain in 13 quarters. In 2025 and 2026, the company added  brands including Chloé, Burberry, Casablanca, Bottega Veneta, Jacquemus, Khaite, Roger Vivier, Skims, and Zimmermann. Its headquarters and flagship store are located at 59th Street and Lexington Avenue in  Manhattan, New York City. Its CEO is Olivier Bron.
Dick Weber (American football)
Richard Wilfred Weber (April 10, 1919 – November 19, 1991) was an American football player.

Weber was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts. He attended Lawrence High School.

Weber then attended Saint Louis University in St. Louis. He played college football for the Saint Louis Bililkens from 1938 to 1941. During World War II, he served in the Army from 1942 to 1945. He also starred on the 1945 Fort Benning Doughboys football team. He also played for Fort Benning's basketball and baseball team's before being discharged in October 1945.

After his discharge, Weber played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) as a halfback for the Detroit Lions. He played for the Lions in the final three games of the 1945 season. He also played in 1946 at quarterback for the Paterson Panthers of the American Football League.

Weber died in 1991 at Salem, New Hampshire.

Lawrence High School (Massachusetts)
Lawrence High School (abbreviated as LHS) is a public secondary school located in Lawrence, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Lawrence Public Schools. Its campus consists of several buildings that were completed in 2005.
Carleton—Mississippi Mills (provincial electoral district)
Carleton–Mississippi Mills was a provincial electoral district in eastern Ontario, Canada. It was created for the 2007 provincial election. 78.7% of the riding came from Lanark–Carleton while 21.3% came from Nepean–Carleton.

The riding included the town of Mississippi Mills plus the former municipalities of West Carleton, Kanata and Goulbourn.

Following the 2018 election, the riding was dissolved. Most of the Ottawa portion became Kanata—Carleton, except for a sliver in the south that was transferred to Carleton. Mississippi Mills was transferred to Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston.

Kanata, Ontario
Kanata (/kəˈnætə/, kə-NAT-ə) is a satellite community and former city within Ottawa, Ontario. It is located about 22 km (14 mi) west of the city's downtown core. As of 2021, the former City of Kanata had a population of 98,938, with the population centre (which includes next-door Stittsville) having a population of 137,118. Before it was amalgamated into Ottawa in 2001, it was one of the fastest-growing cities in Canada and the fastest-growing community in Eastern Ontario. Located just to the west of the National Capital Commission Greenbelt, it is one of the largest of several communities that surround central Ottawa.
Algeripithecus
Algeripithecus is an extinct genus of early fossil primate, weighing approximately 65 to 85 grams (2.3 to 3.0 oz). Fossils have been found in Algeria and Tunisia dating from 50 to 46 million years ago.

It was once commonly thought to be one of the oldest simian primates (a group that includes monkeys and apes), and was crucial to the hypothesis that simians originated in Africa. Research on more complete specimens suggest it was instead a strepsirrhine primate, more closely related to living lemurs and lorisoids. However, this is still disputed.

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
Chromium hydride
Chromium hydrides are compounds of chromium and hydrogen, and possibly other elements. Intermetallic compounds with not-quite-stoichometric quantities of hydrogen exist, as well as highly reactive molecules. When present at low concentrations, hydrogen and certain other elements alloyed with chromium act as softening agents that enables the movement of dislocations that otherwise not occur in the crystal lattices of chromium atoms.

The hydrogen in typical chromium hydride alloys may contribute only a few hundred parts per million in weight at ambient temperatures. Varying the amount of hydrogen and other alloying elements, and their form in the chromium hydride either as solute elements, or as precipitated phases, expedites the movement of dislocations in chromium, and thus controls qualities such as the hardness, ductility, and tensile strength of the resulting chromium hydride.

Hardness
In materials science, hardness (antonym: softness) is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation, such as an indentation (over an area) or a scratch (linear), induced mechanically either by pressing or abrasion. In general, different materials differ in their hardness; for example hard metals such as titanium and beryllium are harder than soft metals such as sodium and metallic tin, or wood and common plastics. Macroscopic hardness is generally characterized by strong intermolecular bonds, but the behavior of solid materials under force is complex; therefore, hardness can be measured in different ways, such as scratch hardness, indentation hardness, and rebound hardness. Hardness is dependent on ductility, elastic stiffness, plasticity, strain, strength, toughness, viscoelasticity, and viscosity. Common examples of hard matter are ceramics, concrete, certain metals, and superhard materials, which can be contrasted with soft matter.
Hidden algebra
Hidden algebra provides a formal semantics for use in the field of software engineering, especially for concurrent distributed object systems. It supports correctness proofs.

Hidden algebra was studied by Joseph Goguen. It handles features of large software-based systems, including concurrency, distribution, nondeterminism, and local states. It also handled object-oriented features like classes, subclasses (inheritance), attributes, and methods. Hidden algebra generalizes process algebra and transition system approaches.

Process calculus
In computer science, the process calculi (or process algebras) are a diverse family of related approaches for formally modelling concurrent systems. Process calculi provides a tool for high-level descriptions of interactions, communications, and synchronizations between a collection of independent agents or processes. They provide algebraic laws that allow process descriptions to be manipulated and analyzed, and they also permit formal reasoning about equivalences between processes (e.g., using bisimulation). Leading examples of process calculi include  CSP, CCS, ACP, and LOTOS. More recent additions to the family include the π-calculus, the ambient calculus, PEPA, the fusion calculus and the join-calculus.
Girls, Boys and Marsupials
Girls, Boys and Marsupials is the first album by the Wombats, released in 2006 in Japan only. Many of these songs appear on their debut international album A Guide to Love, Loss & Desperation, released the following year. The tracks that did not feature on this album ("Metro Song", "Sunday TV", "Derail & Crash" and "Caravan in Wales") were featured as B-sides on single releases of "Kill the Director", "Let's Dance to Joy Division" and "Backfire at the Disco". "Derail & Crash" and "Metro Song" also featured on the iTunes bonus version of A Guide to Love, Loss & Desperation.

Backfire at the Disco
"Backfire at the Disco" is a single from British indie band, the Wombats. It is from their debut album, The Wombats Proudly Present: A Guide to Love, Loss & Desperation. It was originally released on April 9, 2007, but was re-released on April 21, 2008.
Cornelis Lely
Cornelis Lely (Dutch pronunciation: [kɔrˈneːlɪs ˈleːli]; 23 September 1854 – 22 January 1929) was a Dutch politician of the Liberal Union and civil engineer who was Minister of Water Management and Governor of Suriname. The designer of Afsluitdijk, the largest dam and causeway at its time of construction, in 1932, he oversaw the Zuiderzee Works as Minister, turning the Zuiderzee into a lake and making possible the conversion of a vast area of former seabed into dry land. His plan deeply transposed and influenced the current geography of the Netherlands. Lelystad, the capital of the province of Flevoland, is named after him.

Paramaribo
Paramaribo is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 252,581 people as of 2025 estimate, almost half of Suriname's population. The historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002.
Panské Dubenky
Panské Dubenky (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpanskɛː ˈdubɛŋkɪ]) is a municipality and village in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Panské Dubenky lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) south-west of Jihlava and 115 km (71 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
Littlehampton United F.C.
Littlehampton United Football Club was a football club that were based in Clymping, near Littlehampton in England. The club is affiliated to the Sussex County Football Association. They play at the Sportsfield, home of Littlehampton Town. The club was known as Clymping F.C. until a change of name prior to the 2018–19 season.

Climping
Climping (also spelt as Clymping) is a village and civil parish containing agricultural and natural sandy land in the Arun District of West Sussex, England. The parish also contains the coastal hamlet of Atherington. It is three miles (5 km) west of Littlehampton, just north of the A259 road.
The Blue Lightning
The Blue Lightning is a 1986 Australian film directed by Lee Philips and starring Sam Elliott, Rebecca Gilling, John Meillon, Robert Coleby, Max Phipps, and Robert Culp. It was created for US network television and was filmed in Broken Hill, Sydney, the Blue Mountains and Camden.

Camden, New South Wales
Camden is a historic town and suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, located 65 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district. Camden was the administrative centre for the local government area of Camden Council until July 2016 and is a part of the Macarthur region.
Kelston Park
Kelston Park is an 18th-century country house in the village of Kelston, approximately 3 miles from Bath in North East Somerset, England.  Altogether the house and gardens of Kelston Park cover an area of approximately 75 hectares (190 acres).  The house has been designated as a Grade II* listed building, and the garden is Grade II* listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

The River Avon, Bristol & Bath Railway Path, the A4 and the railway track between Bristol and Bath can be viewed from the rear of the building, which is now primarily used as offices.

A4 road (England)
The A4 is a major road in England from Central London to Avonmouth via Heathrow Airport, Reading, Bath and Bristol. It is historically known as the Bath Road with newer sections including the Great West Road and Portway. The road was once the main route from London to Bath, Bristol and the west of England and formed, after the A40, the second main western artery from London.

Although most traffic is carried by the M4 motorway today, the A4 still acts as the main route from Bristol to London for non-motorway traffic.
Qaleh Rashid
Qaleh Rashid (Persian: قلعه رشيد, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Rashīd and Qal‘eh-ye Rashīd; also known as Ghal‘eh Rashid) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, in the Central District of Ardal County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 638, in 145 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
No. 2 Armoured Car Company RAF
The Number 2 Armoured Car Company RAF was a military unit of the British Royal Air Force (RAF) that was based at Amman in what was then called the Transjordan. It was the counterpart of No.1 Armoured Car Company RAF, which performed a similar role in Iraq.

Fordson
Fordson was a brand name of tractors and trucks. It was used on a range of mass-produced general-purpose tractors manufactured by Henry Ford & Son Inc from 1917 to 1920, by Ford Motor Company (U.S.) and Ford Motor Company Ltd (U.K.) from 1920 to 1928, and by Ford Motor Company Ltd (U.K.) alone from 1929 to 1964. The latter (Ford of Britain) also later built trucks and vans under the Fordson brand.

After 1964, the Fordson name was dropped and all Ford tractors were simply badged as Fords in both the UK and the US.
Olivella bullula
Olivella bullula is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives.  Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.

Olivellinae
Olivellinae, are a subfamily of small predatory sea snails with smooth, shiny, elongated oval-shaped shells, in the family Olividae. The shells sometimes show muted but attractive colors, and may have some patterning.

These animals are marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Olivoidea, within the order Neogastropoda according to the taxonomy of Bouchet and Rocroi.