hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carvell Wallace
Carvell Wallace (born October 20, 1974, in McKeesport, Pennsylvania) is a New York Times bestselling author, writer, and podcaster. He is a regular contributor to Pitchfork, MTV News, the Huffington Post, and Slate, and has written for The New York Times, New York Magazine, GQ, The Toast, The Guardian, The New Yorker, Esquire, Quartz, ESPN, and other publications. He is the creator and host of Finding Fred, an iHeart Media documentary podcast about the life of Fred Rogers; host of Closer Than They Appear, an Al Jazeera podcast about race and identity in America, and co-host of the Slate parenting podcast Mom & Dad Are Fighting. He is co-writer of the Slate parenting advice column, Care & Feeding. In 2019, he helped create the Sundance Institute exhibition Still Here, an immersive multimedia installation about mass incarceration, erasure, and gentrification in Harlem, New York.

Sundance Institute
The Sundance Institute is a non-profit organization founded by actor Robert Redford committed to the aesthetic  growth and promotion of independent artists. The institute is driven by its programs that discover and support independent filmmakers, theatre artists and composers from all over the world. At the core of the programs is the goal to introduce audiences to the artists' new work, aided by the institute's labs, granting and mentorship programs that take place throughout the year in the United States and internationally.

The institute has offices in Park City, Los Angeles, and New York City, and provides creative and financial support to emerging and aspiring filmmakers, directors, producers, film composers, screenwriters, playwrights and theatre artists through a series of Labs and fellowships. The programs of Sundance Institute include the Sundance Film Festival, which is critically acclaimed. It promotes independent filmmakers, storytellers, and composers.
Jean-Marc Jézéquel
Professor Jean-Marc Jézéquel is a French computer scientist.

Professionally, Jean-Marc Jézéquel worked as a computer scientist at the University of Rennes, France. His research contributions have laid the foundations of the theory of Model-driven architecture.
From January 2012 to December 2020, he was Director of IRISA and then President of Informatics Europe.

Model-driven architecture
Model-driven architecture (MDA) is a software design approach for the development of software systems. It provides a set of guidelines for the structuring of specifications, which are expressed as models. Model Driven Architecture is a kind of domain engineering, and supports model-driven engineering of software systems. It was launched by the Object Management Group (OMG) in 2001.
Norayr Sahakyan
Norayr Artashesi Sahakyan (Armenian: Նորայր Արտաշեսի Սահակյան; born 7 October 1987 in the Soviet Union) is an Armenian football midfielder who plays for club Armenian Premier League club Alashkert FC. He is also a member of the Armenia national team, participated in 3 international matches since his debut in away friendly match against Malta on 2 February 2008.

Armenia national football team
The Armenia national football team (Armenian: Հայաստանի ֆուտբոլի ազգային հավաքական) represents Armenia in men's international football, and is controlled by the Football Federation of Armenia, the governing body for football in Armenia.

After gaining independence from the Soviet Union, the team played its first international match on 12 October 1992. The national team has participated in the qualification of every major tournament from the UEFA Euro 1996 onwards, though they are yet to qualify for the final stages of either a UEFA European Football Championship or a FIFA World Cup. The team's main achievements have been third-place finish in the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying stage, and being promoted to the 2022–23 UEFA Nations League B.

The primary training ground is at the Technical Center-Academy of the Football Federation of Armenia in the northern Avan District of the capital Yerevan, and the team plays their home matches at the Republican Stadium.
Gurgel (surname)
Gurgel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fábio Gurgel (born 1970), Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner

João do Amaral Gurgel (1926–2009), Brazilian businessman

Jorge Gurgel (born 1977), Brazilian mixed martial artist

Melissa Gurgel (born 1994), Brazilian designer, model and beauty pageant titleholder

Newton Holanda Gurgel (1923–2017), Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate

Roberto Gurgel (born 1954), Brazilian prosecutor

Udo Gurgel (born 1938), German engineer and designer of luge, bobsled and skeleton tracks

Zoila Frausto Gurgel (born 1983), American professional female mixed martial artist and kickboxer

João do Amaral Gurgel
João Augusto Conrado do Amaral Gurgel (March 26, 1926 – January 30, 2009) was a Brazilian engineer and businessman. He founded Gurgel Motores, a Brazilian automobile manufacturer, in 1969, with the aim of producing vehicles entirely made in Brazil. The company's initial models featured fiberglass bodies mounted on Volkswagen Beetle (Fusca) chassis and machinery.

During the São Paulo International Motor Show in 1974, Gurgel presented the Itaipu, a two-seater minicar that became the first electric vehicle developed in Latin America. Later on, he introduced the BR-800, the first fully designed and manufactured car made in Brazil.

However, Gurgel faced challenges over the years and eventually ceased operations in 1996.
Miklós Gábor
Miklós Gábor (7 April 1919 – 2 July 1998) was a Hungarian actor, most remembered for his roles in films Valahol Európában and Mágnás Miska. He was husband to Éva Ruttkai, and later Éva Vass.

Miklós Gábor was born 7 April 1919, in Zalaegerszeg. After finishing the Academy of Drama in 1941, he joined the Madách Theatre. From 1945-1954 he was the member of the National Theatre, leaving in 1975 for the Katona József theatre in Kecskemét. From 1979 to 1984, he worked in the Népszínház theatre, after he returned to the National Theatre. In 1991, he joined the Független Színpad theatre. He died on 2 July 1998, in Budapest. The Gábor Miklós Award was created in 2000 for his honour.

University of Theatre and Film Arts in Budapest
The Academy of Drama and Film in Budapest (Hungarian: Színház- és Filmművészeti Egyetem, SZFE) is an educational institution founded in 1865 in Budapest, Hungary. It became a university in 2000 and the name was changed to University of Theatre and Film Arts.
Ethelyn Maria Tucker
Ethelyn Dahleatte Maria Tucker (December 3, 1871, in Hardwick, Massachusetts – August 23, 1959) was an American botanist, author, and librarian at Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum in Boston, Massachusetts.

Hardwick, Massachusetts
Hardwick is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States, about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of the city of Worcester. It had a population of 2,667 at the 2020 census. It includes the villages of Hardwick, Gilbertville, Wheelwright and Old Furnace.
Khun Tan railway station
Khun Tan railway station is a railway station on the Northern Line located in Lamphun Province, Thailand. It is operated by the State Railway of Thailand, and is 683.14 km (424.5 mi) from Bangkok railway station. Khun Tan Railway Station is in the Tha Pladuk Subdistrict, Mae Tha District.

Khun Tan is the highest railway station in Thailand, at 578 metres (1,896 ft 4 in) above sea level. Around the railway station is the entrance Doi Khuntan National Park, which has bungalows run by the State Railway of Thailand, for visitors' use as well.

Hua Lamphong railway station
Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) railway station (Thai: สถานีกรุงเทพ (หัวลำโพง), RTGS: Sathani Krung Thep (Hua Lamphong)) is a railway station in Pathum Wan, the former central passenger terminal in Bangkok and the former railway hub of Thailand. It is in the center of the city in the Pathum Wan district, and is operated by the State Railway of Thailand (SRT). Long distance trains moved to the new central station at Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal in 2023.
HMS Lee
Six ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Lee:

HMS Lee (1776) was an 8-gun sloop serving on the Canadian Lakes in 1776.

HMS Lee (1780) was an 8-gun galley, previously named Adder, purchased in 1780 and sold in 1784.

HMS Lee (1814) was a 20-gun sixth rate launched in 1814 and broken up in 1822.

HMS Lee (1857) was a wooden screw gunboat launched in 1857 and sunk in action in 1859.

HMS Lee (1860) was a Philomel-class wooden screw gunvessel launched in 1860 and broken up in 1875.

HMS Lee (1899) was a destroyer launched in 1899, classified as a C-class destroyer in 1913 and wrecked in 1909.

Sixth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a sixth-rate was the designation for small warships mounting between 20 and 28 carriage-mounted guns on a single deck, sometimes with smaller guns on the upper works and sometimes without. It thus encompassed ships with up to 30 guns in all. In the first half of the 18th century the main battery guns were 6-pounders, but by mid-century these were supplanted by 9-pounders. 28-gun sixth-rates were classed as frigates, those smaller as 'post ships', indicating that they were still commanded by a full ('post') captain, as opposed to sloops of 18 guns and less, which were under commanders.
Ardblair Castle
Ardblair Castle is an L-plan castle (with an added wing), dating from the 16th century, around 0.75 miles (1.21 km) west of Blairgowrie in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. This castle is the subject of a green lady ghostlore story.

Ghostlore
Ghostlore is the body of traditional beliefs and folklore surrounding ghosts and hauntings. Such tales often feature souls of the deceased that are believed to linger in the physical world, either to communicate with the living or to seek vengeance for past wrongs. Ghostlore is a widespread phenomenon, and narratives of hauntings and ghostly encounters are found in cultures around the world.

The term "ghost" eludes a singular definition; its meaning has evolved across cultures, shaped by various interpretations rooted in religious beliefs, folklore, and historical context. Interpretations of ghosts vary based on religious beliefs, cultural values, and historical contexts.
ScubaVenture: The Search for Pirate's Treasure
ScubaVenture: The Search for Pirate's Treasure is a 1993 action video game. The game was developed by Apogee on contract for Softdisk in 1991, and was marketed as a Softdisk game; Apogee developed the title on behalf of id Software (being the final game they owed Softdisk), in order to let them focus on developing Wolfenstein 3D (1992).

Id Software
id Software LLC (/ɪd/) is an American video game developer based in Richardson, Texas. It was founded on February 1, 1991, by four members of the computer company Softdisk: programmers John Carmack and John Romero, game designer Tom Hall, and artist Adrian Carmack.

id Software made important technological developments in video game technologies for the PC (running MS-DOS and Windows), including work done for the Wolfenstein, Doom, and Quake franchises at the time. id's work was particularly important in 3D computer graphics technology and in game engines that are used throughout the video game industry. The company was involved in the creation of the first-person shooter (FPS) genre: Wolfenstein 3D is often considered to be the first true FPS; Doom is a game that popularized the genre and PC gaming in general; and Quake was id's first true 3D FPS.

On June 24, 2009, ZeniMax Media acquired the company. In 2015, they opened a second studio in Frankfurt, Germany.
Black Bull, Preesall
The Black Bull, formerly known as the Black Bull Inn and Black Bull Hotel, is a public house in Preesall, Lancashire, England. Dating to 1762, it stands on Park Lane.

The inn's first licensee was John Bamber, who ran it between 1776 and 1789. Between 1853 and 1892, the role was filled by John Parkinson. In 1872, during Parkinson's tenure, a "syndicate of men" from Barrow-in-Furness stayed at the inn during their search for iron ore in the area. None was to be found, but they did discover a bed of rock salt, from which they took a sample. Upon returning to the inn, Parkinson's 17-year-old daughter, Dorothy, processed the sample by dissolving, filtering and boiling it, thus creating the first example of Preesall salt.

The current licensee, Lee Bowser, took over in September 2022, succeeding Anthony Gills.

Halite
Halite (/ˈhælaɪt, ˈheɪlaɪt/ HAL-yte, HAY-lyte), commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride (NaCl). Halite forms isometric crystals. The mineral is typically colorless or white, but may also be light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, red, orange, yellow or gray depending on inclusion of other materials, impurities, and structural or isotopic abnormalities in the crystals. It commonly occurs with  other evaporite deposit minerals such as several of the sulfates, halides, and borates. The name halite is derived from the Ancient Greek word for "salt", ἅλς (háls).
2006 Chase for the Nextel Cup
The 2006 Chase for the Nextel Cup was a ten-race series that commenced with the Sylvania 300 on September 17, 2006, at New Hampshire International Speedway and concluded with the Ford 400 on November 19 of that same year at Homestead-Miami Speedway. The first ten drivers in the championship standings (and any other drivers with teams within 400 points of the leader) qualified after the Chevy Rock and Roll 400 on September 9, 2006, at Richmond International Raceway. The 2006 Chase had a strong Chevrolet presence, with seven of the ten teams making the 2006 Chase for the Nextel Cup fielding Chevrolets.

This was the final season for NBC to cover the Chase (now the NASCAR Cup Series playoff) until 2015, and the last Chase covered by TNT. From 2007 to 2014, ABC carried the Chase in its entirety, while TNT televised mid-season races.

NASCAR Cup Series at New Hampshire Motor Speedway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series have been held at New Hampshire Motor Speedway in Loudon, New Hampshire since 1993.

A second race in September was also formerly held at the track from 1997 to 2017 until it was moved to Las Vegas Motor Speedway starting in 2018.
Administrative divisions of Ukraine (1918–1925)
The administrative division of Ukraine in 1918 was inherited from the Russian Empire, and based on the largest unit of the gubernia (also called a province, government, or governorate; Ukrainian huberniia) with smaller subdivisions county or district (povit), and rural district (volost).

New administrative reform was adopted by the Central Council of Ukraine on March 4, 1918, which saw restructuring the subdivision of Ukraine based on a new system of the land (zemlia) and abolishing the system of governorates and povits. Implementation of the new system was never fully realized and was abandoned after Skoropadsky's coup-d'etat on April 29, 1918.

The system of governorates was abolished by the government of the Soviet Union in 1925, and replaced with the region (okruha) and district (raion).

Central Rada
The Central Rada of Ukraine, also called the Central Council (Ukrainian: Українська Центральна Рада, romanized: Ukrainska Tsentralna Rada), was the All-Ukrainian council that united deputies of soldiers, workers, and peasants deputies as well as few members of political, public, cultural and professional organizations of the Ukrainian People's Republic. After the All-Ukrainian National Congress (19–21 April 1917), the Council became the revolutionary parliament in the interbellum lasting until the Ukrainian-Soviet War. Unlike with many other councils in the Russian Republic, Bolshevization of the Rada failed completely, prompting the Ukrainian Bolsheviks to form a rival government in Kharkov.
Slavija Square
Slavija Square (Serbian Cyrillic: Трг Славија, romanized: Trg Slavija) is a major commercial junction between the intersections of Kralja Milana, Beogradska, Makenzijeva, Svetosavska, Bulevar oslobođenja, Deligradska and Nemanjina streets in Belgrade. The square was previously named Dimitrije Tucović Square after the prominent Serbian socialist.

Kafana
Kafana is a type of local coffeehouse, bistro or tavern, common in the countries of Southeast Europe, which originally served coffee and other warm drinks while today usually also offer alcoholic beverages and food. Many kafanas feature live music performances or themed nights.

The concept of a social gathering place for men to drink alcoholic beverages and coffee originated coterminously in Europe and Western Asia. It became popular in the Ottoman Empire and spread to Southeast Europe during Ottoman rule, further evolving into the contemporary kafana.
Nijhar
Nizar (Nijhar) (Gujarati: નિઝર) is one of the 7 tehsils in Tapi district in the Indian state of Gujarat.
Nizar was separated from Surat district in 2007 while Tapi district was formed. Nizar is located in South Gujarat, about 172  km from Surat bordering Nandurbar district of Maharashtra. The official language is Gujarati.

Nandurbar district
Nandurbar district (Marathi pronunciation: [nən̪d̪uɾbaːɾ]) is an administrative district in the northwest corner of Maharashtra state in India. On 1 July 1998 Dhule was bifurcated as two separate districts now known as Dhule and Nandurbar. Nandurbar is a tribal-dominated district with its headquarters located at Nandurbar city. The district occupies an area of 5,955 square kilometres (2,299 sq mi) and has a population of 1,648,295 of which 16.71% were urban (as of 2011).

Nandurbar district is bounded to the south and south-east by Dhule district, to the west and north is the state of Gujarat, to the north and north-east is the state of Madhya Pradesh. The northern boundary of the district is defined by the Narmada River.
The Best Man (1964 film)
The Best Man is a 1964 American political drama film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner with a screenplay by Gore Vidal based on his 1960 play of the same title. Starring Henry Fonda, Cliff Robertson and Lee Tracy, the film details the seamy political maneuverings behind the nomination of a presidential candidate at their party's national convention.  The supporting cast features Edie Adams, Margaret Leighton, Ann Sothern, Shelley Berman, Gene Raymond and Kevin McCarthy. Lee Tracy was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance and it was his final theatrically released film.

Political drama
A political drama can describe a play, film or TV program that has a political component, whether reflecting the author's political opinion, or describing a politician or series of political events.

Dramatists who have written political dramas include Aaron Sorkin, Robert Penn Warren, Sergei Eisenstein, Bertolt Brecht, Jean-Paul Sartre, Howard Brenton, Caryl Churchill, and Federico García Lorca.
Reasoning model
A reasoning model, also known as reasoning language models (RLMs) or large reasoning models (LRMs), is a type of large language model (LLM) that has been specifically trained to solve complex tasks requiring multiple steps of logical reasoning. These models demonstrate superior performance on logic, mathematics, and programming tasks compared to standard LLMs. They possess the ability to revisit and revise earlier reasoning steps and utilize additional computation during inference as a method to scale performance, complementing traditional scaling approaches based on training data size, model parameters, and training compute.

Cross-entropy
In information theory, the cross-entropy between two probability distributions  and , over the same underlying set of events, measures the average number of bits needed to identify an event drawn from the set when the coding scheme used for the set is optimized for an estimated probability distribution , rather than the true distribution .
Karaçomak, Şahinbey
Karaçomak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Şahinbey, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 252 (2022). The village is inhabited by Turkmens and Abdals of the Kara Hacılar tribe. The inhabitants are Alevis and belong to the Hacım Sultan ocak.

Ocak (Alevism)
Ocak or Odjak (Turkish: Ocak, Kurdish: Ocax, Azerbaijani: Ocaq, lit. 'hearth') is the particular religious community which adherents of Alevism belong to. In Alevi tradition, each ocak is led by a dede, who is assumed to be descended from sayyids.
Nuclear Cratering Group
The United States Army Corps of Engineers Nuclear Cratering Group (NCG) was an organization within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), located at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, which was involved in research on the potential uses and effects of nuclear devices for large-scale excavation and quarrying. The group's activities were focused on research for practical applications of nuclear devices, some of which were proposed for the Atomic Energy Commission's (AEC) Project Plowshare program for peaceful nuclear explosions. In particular, the NCG was directed to study excavation techniques for a sea-level canal across the Isthmus of Panama.

The Nuclear Cratering Group was established in 1962. It was reorganized as the Explosive Excavation Research Laboratory under the Waterways Experiment Station in 1971.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL, Berkeley Lab) is a federally funded research and development center in the hills of Berkeley, California, United States. Established in 1931 by the University of California (UC), the laboratory is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and administered by the UC system. Ernest Lawrence, who won the Nobel prize for inventing the cyclotron, founded the lab and served as its director until his death in 1958. Located in the Berkeley Hills, the lab overlooks the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.
Elsie Mackay
Lady Elsie Mackay (21 August 1893 – 13 March 1928) was a British actress, jockey, interior decorator and pioneering aviator who died attempting to cross the Atlantic Ocean with Walter Hinchliffe in a single engined Stinson Detroiter. Her stage name as an actress was Poppy Wyndham.

RAF Cranwell
Royal Air Force Cranwell or more simply RAF Cranwell (ICAO: EGYD) is a Royal Air Force station in Lincolnshire, England, close to the village of Cranwell, near Sleaford. Among other functions, it is home to the Royal Air Force Officer Training Academy (RAFOTA), which trains the RAF's new officers and aircrew. The motto, Altium Altrix, meaning "Nurture the highest" appears above the main doors of the Officers Mess. Since January 2025, RAF Cranwell has been commanded by Wing Commander Matthew "Chocka" Thornton.
Martín Castrogiovanni
Martín Leandro Castrogiovanni (Italian: [marˈtiŋ kastrodʒoˈvanni], Spanish: [maɾˈtiŋ kastɾoʝoˈβani]; born October 21, 1981) is an Italian-Argentine retired rugby union player. He was born in Paraná, Argentina, but qualified for Italy through his heritage. Castrogiovanni moved to Italy as a teenager and represented the Italian national team 119 times over 14 years.  In Italy he played for Calvisano between 2001 and 2006, before moving to England to play for Leicester Tigers where he played 145 games over seven seasons, winning four Premiership Rugby titles.  In 2013 he moved to Toulon where he won a Heineken Cup, before finishing his career with Racing 92 in Paris.

Paraná, Entre Ríos
Paraná (Spanish pronunciation: [paɾaˈna]) is the capital city of the Argentine province Entre Ríos, located on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, opposite the city of Santa Fe, capital of the neighbouring Santa Fe Province. The city has a population of 268,889 inhabitants within its urban area. Greater Paraná has a population of 312,713 inhabitants. (2022 census [INDEC]) Its original name was Bajada (landing).