hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Haandfæstning
A Haandfæstning (Modern Danish: Håndfæstning & Modern Norwegian: Håndfestning, lit. "Handbinding", plural Haandfæstninger) was a document issued by the kings of Denmark from 13th to the 17th century, preceding and during the realm's personal union with the kingdoms of Sweden and Norway. Following Sweden's secession from the Kalmar Union, similar documents were also issued by its kings. In many ways it is a Scandinavian parallel to the English Magna Carta.

Norwegian orthography
Norwegian orthography is the method of writing the Norwegian language, of which there are two written standards: Bokmål and Nynorsk. While Bokmål has for the most part derived its forms from the written Danish language and Danish-Norwegian speech, Nynorsk gets its word forms from Aasen's reconstructed "base dialect", which is intended to represent the distinctive dialectal forms. Both standards use a 29-letter variant of the Latin alphabet and the same orthographic principles.
Ciner Media Group
Ciner Media Group (Ciner Medya Grubu) is a Turkish media conglomerate established in 2007, part of the Ciner Holding conglomerate. Among other properties, it owns the Habertürk newspaper, Habertürk TV and Habertürk Radyo, and the television stations Kanal 1, Show TV and 7/24 Spor. It co-owns the television station Bloomberg HT. It also publishes a range of magazines, including Turkish editions of international magazines such as FHM.

From 2005 to 2007 it owned Sabah; the newspaper was seized by the government's TMSF. From 2005 to 2007 it owned the ATV television station. It had previously operated both under license from Dinç Bilgin's Medya Group.

Ciner acquired the Habertürk properties in 2007 and Show TV in 2013.

Media conglomerate
A media conglomerate, media company, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as music, television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, video games, amusement parks, or the Internet. Despite ownership over several companies and diverse mediums, by definition, media conglomerates only maintain holdings over media and not other enterprises.

Some media conglomerates use their access in multiple areas to share various kinds of content such as: news, video and music, between users. The media sector's tendency to consolidate has caused formerly diversified companies to appear less diverse to prospective investors in comparison with similar companies that are traded publicly and privately. Therefore, the term media group may also be applied, however, it has not yet replaced the more traditional term.
2009 Chicago Bears season
The 2009 season was the Chicago Bears' 90th season in the National Football League, and the sixth under head coach Lovie Smith. The Bears had looked to improve upon their 9–7 record from 2008 and return to the playoffs for the first time since the 2006 season, but failed to do so for the third consecutive season. The team finished 7–9, and third in the NFC North. This season was Lovie Smith's sixth season as the team's head coach. The Bears played all their home games at Soldier Field.

Lovie Smith
Lovie Lee Smith (born May 8, 1958) is an American professional football coach. He has served as the head coach of the Chicago Bears, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL) and the Illinois Fighting Illini. Smith has been to the Super Bowl twice, as the defensive coordinator for the St. Louis Rams in 2001 and head coach for the Bears in 2006.
Lactimidomycin
Lactimidomycin is a glutarimide antibiotic derived from the bacteria Streptomyces amphibiosporus. It has antifungal, antiviral and anti-cancer properties, acting as a direct inhibitor of protein translation in ribosomes. Antiviral activity is seen against a variety of RNA viruses including flaviviruses such as dengue fever, Kunjin virus and Modoc virus, as well as vesicular stomatitis virus and poliovirus. As lactimidomycin is a natural product containing an unusual unsaturated 12-membered lactone ring, it has been the subject of numerous total synthesis approaches.

Poliovirus
Poliovirus, the causative agent of polio (also known as poliomyelitis), is a serotype of the species Enterovirus C, in the family of Picornaviridae.  There are three poliovirus serotypes, numbered 1, 2, and 3.

Poliovirus is composed of an RNA genome and a protein capsid. The genome is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA (+ssRNA) genome that is about 7500 nucleotides long. The viral particle is about 30 nm in diameter with icosahedral symmetry. Because of its short genome and its simple composition—only a strand of RNA and a nonenveloped icosahedral protein coat encapsulating it—poliovirus is widely regarded as the simplest significant virus.

Poliovirus is one of the most well-characterized viruses, and has become a useful model system for understanding the biology of RNA viruses.
2014 Rio Open
The 2014 Rio Open was a combined men's and women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament, and part of the 2014 ATP World Tour and the 2014 WTA Tour. It took place at the Jockey Club Brasileiro in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between 17 February and 23 February 2014. Rafael Nadal and Kurumi Nara won the singles titles.

Lourdes Domínguez Lino
Lourdes Domínguez Lino (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈluɾðes ðoˈmiŋɡeθ ˈlino]; born 31 March 1981) is a former tennis player from Spain. She reached career-high rankings of world No. 40 in singles and 45 in doubles.
W. R. Ward
William Reginald Ward FRHistS FBA (1925 – 2010) was a British historian who was President of the Ecclesiastical History Society and Secretary, President and Vice-President of the Chetham Society.

He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire to Primitive Methodist parents. He studied at Oxford, where he met his future wife, Barbara. He taught at Ruskin College whilst working on his PhD.

Initially, Ward concentrated his studies on eighteenth century British history but the bulk of his work concerned religious history. He was one of the co-editors on the definitive, scholarly edition of John Wesley's works.

He was a Member of the Chetham Society, serving as a Member of Council (1964-2010), Secretary (1964–84), President (1984–92), and Vice-President (1993-2010). He was a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society and British Academy and also President of the Ecclesiastical History Society (1970–71).

Primitive Methodist Church
The Primitive Methodist Church is a Methodist Christian denomination aligned with the holiness movement. Originating in early 19th-century England as a revivalist movement within Methodism, it was heavily influenced by American evangelist Lorenzo Dow (1777–1834), whose visits inspired a return to fervent, open-air preaching.

In the United States, the Primitive Methodist Church had eighty-three parishes and 8,487 members in 1996.  In 2025, the PMC in the United States has 60 congregations across 13 eastern states.

In Great Britain and Australia, the Primitive Methodist Church merged with other denominations, to form the Methodist Church of Great Britain in 1932 and the Methodist Church of Australasia in 1902. (The latter subsequently merged into the Uniting Church in Australia in 1977.)
The Rough Guide to Acoustic Africa
The Rough Guide To Acoustic Africa is a world music compilation album originally released in 2013 featuring acoustic music spanning Sub-Saharan Africa. Part of the World Music Network Rough Guides series, the album contains two discs: an overview of the genre on Disc One, and a "bonus" Disc Two highlighting griot Noumoucounda Cissoko. Disc One features artists hailing from Niger, Madagascar, the DRC, South Africa, Lesotho, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Cameroon, Mali, South Sudan, Sudan, Senegal, and Guinea. All but three tracks are guitar-based. The extensive liner notes were written by Daniel Rosenberg, and Phil Stanton, co-founder of the World Music Network, produced the album.

Culture of South Sudan
The culture of South Sudan encompasses the religions, languages, ethnic groups, foods, and other traditions of peoples of the modern state of South Sudan, as well as of the inhabitants of the historical regions of southern Sudan.
Impressionists in Winter
Impressionists in Winter: Effets de Neige was a late 20th-century art exhibition featuring 63 Impressionist winter landscape paintings by artists  Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Gustave Caillebotte, and Paul Gauguin.

Influenced by the work of art historian Charles Moffett and curated by  Eliza Rathbone,  Impressionists in Winter was sponsored by J.P. Morgan & Co. and opened in 1998 at The Phillips Collection art museum in Washington, D.C.  In 1999, the exhibition appeared at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco and the Brooklyn Museum in New York City.

J.P. Morgan & Co.
J.P. Morgan & Co. is an American financial institution specialized in investment banking, asset management and private banking founded by financier J. P. Morgan in 1871. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the company is now a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase, the largest banking institution in the world. The company has been historically referred to as the "House of Morgan" or simply Morgan.

For 146 years, until 2000, J.P. Morgan specialized in commercial banking, before a merger with Chase Manhattan Bank led to the business line spinning off under the Chase brand.
Carrying Place
Carrying Place can refer to:

Carrying Place, Ontario, a community and National Historic Site in Canada

Carrying Place and Carrying Place Town, townships in Northwest Somerset, Maine, USA

Oneida Carrying Place, Rome, New York, USA

Toronto Carrying-Place Trail

Portage or carrying trail, place where watercraft or cargo are carried over land from one body of water to another

Toronto Carrying-Place Trail
The Toronto Carrying-Place Trail, also known as the Humber Portage and the Toronto Passage, was a major portage route in Ontario, Canada, linking Lake Ontario with Lake Simcoe and the northern Great Lakes. The name comes from the Mohawk term tkaronto, meaning "the place where the trees grow over the water", an important landmark on Lake Simcoe through which the trail passed.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 221
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 221 (P. Oxy. 221 or P. Oxy. II 221) contains Homeric scholia by an unknown author, written in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus, Egypt. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. It is dated to the second century. Frederic G. Kenyon dated it to the first century or the first half of the second century. Currently it is housed in the British Library (Department of Manuscripts, 1184) in London.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
32A
32A is a 2007 Irish drama film directed and written by Marian Quinn. It was shot principally in Dublin, with additional footage in Roscommon and Sligo.

The script won the inaugural Tiernan McBride Award for screenwriting, as well as Best First Feature on its première at the Galway Film Fleadh. In 2009, the film won an Irish Film and Television Award for cinematography by PJ Dillon.  It had its international premiere at the Berlinale '08 film festival.

A female coming-of-age story, the title refers to the protagonist's bra size.

Irish Film & Television Academy
The Irish Film & Television Academy (IFTA; Irish: Acadamh Scannán agus Teilifíse na hÉireann) is an all-Ireland organisation focused on film and television. It has about 1000 members, and is based in Dublin, with branches in London and Los Angeles. The IFTA now holds separate ceremonies for the IFTA Film & Drama Awards and IFTA Gala Television Awards; Before 2015, they were one ceremony, known as the Irish Film & Television Awards. IFTA also holds the John Ford Ireland Symposium each June and over 30 networking and learning events throughout the year.

IFTA also established John Ford Ireland in 2011, in association with the estate of American director John Ford and the Department of Culture, Heritage, and the Gaeltacht.
Broadmeadows Valley Park
Broadmeadows Valley Park is an area of undeveloped land stretching from the northern extents of Meadow Heights to the southern extents of Jacana in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

A section of The Moonee Ponds Creek flows through the park with a bike track running alongside it.

The park includes several sporting grounds with two Australian rules football ovals under the name Jacana Reserve located on Johnstone Street, Jacana. Also an athletics track and three soccer pitches under the name John Ilhan Memorial Reserve located on Barry Road, Broadmeadows

Located in an area of the park situated in Meadow Heights are the Shankland Wetlands which house a range of introduced and native water birds, including ducks.

37°39′57″S 144°54′56″E﻿ / ﻿37.66583°S 144.91556°E﻿ / -37.66583; 144.91556

Broadmeadows
Broadmeadows is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Melbourne's Central Business District and the council seat of the City of Hume local government area. Broadmeadows recorded a population of 12,524 at the 2021 census. It is colloquially known as "Broady".

Broadmeadows is a sub-regional centre within the northern suburbs of Melbourne, and is often used as a reference for the suburbs around it, although this may be due to its former status as a municipality.
Vagalat
Vagalat (Albanian definite form: Vagalati, Greek: Βαγγαλάτι) is a village in the former commune of Livadhe, Vlorë County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality of Finiq.

Communes of Albania
Communes (Albanian: komuna or komunat), officially known as administrative units (njësi administrative or njësitë administrative) or units of local administration, government, or governance (njësi të qeverisjes vendore or njësitë të qeverisjes vendore) since 2015, are the 373 third-level administrative divisions of Albania which serve as its local government. There are 12 counties and 61 municipalities above the administrative units and 2,972 villages below them.
Ayano-Maysky District
Ayano-Maysky District (Russian: Ая́но-Ма́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the north of the krai. The area of the district is 167,200 square kilometers (64,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Ayan. Population:  2,292 (2010 Census); 3,271 (2002 Census); 4,802 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ayan accounts for 42.2% of the district's total population.

Krai
A krai or kray is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR.

Etymologically, the word is related to the verb кроить (kroítǐ [krɐˈitʲ]), meaning 'to cut'. Historically, krais were vast territories located along the periphery of the Russian state, since the word krai also means 'border' or 'edge', i.e., 'a place of the cut-off'. In English the term is often translated as 'territory'. As of 2015, the administrative usage of the term is mostly traditional, as some oblasts also fit this description and there is no difference in constitutional legal status in Russia between the krais and the oblasts.
Katarina Gospic
Katarina Anna-Maria Gospic (born 6 February 1984) is a Swedish scientist and author, who grew up in the Akalla district of Stockholm. Between 2002 and 2011 she studied physiology and medicine at the Karolinska Institute.

Akalla
Akalla is a district (Swedish: stadsdel) in Rinkeby-Kista borough, Stockholm, Sweden. Akalla has a population of roughly 9,100 as of 2018, in which immigrants, mostly from Asia and Africa, make up 60.4% of the population.

Akalla is located on the blue metro line. Modern Akalla, with its concrete apartment buildings, as well as smaller houses, was constructed in the mid-1970s as a part of the Million Programme. The suburb is built close to, and named after an old farm from the 17th century. The name of Akalla is known from 1323. Between 1905 and 1970, the area was used by the Swedish Army as training grounds. The street names in Akalla are Finland related. The main street is called Sibeliusgången, in honour of the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius, and it is reserved for pedestrians only.

Right outside Akalla is Barkarby Airport, until its closure in 2010 Sweden's oldest active airport.
Žďákov Bridge
The Žďákov Bridge is a steel arch bridge that spans the Vltava between Orlík nad Vltavou and Kostelec nad Vltavou in Písek District, Czech Republic.  At the time of its completion in 1967, it was the longest arch bridge in Czechoslovakia and the supported arch bridge with the longest span in the world.

It is situated on the road between Tábor and Plzeň, near Orlík nad Vltavou. The total length of the bridge is 543 m (1,781 ft), including approach spans. The main span is 362 m (1,188 ft).

Construction of the bridge was started simultaneously with the construction of Orlík Dam in 1957. The price of the bridge was 71 million CSK and was completed in 1967. It was named after the nearby village, flooded during the construction of the Orlík Dam. In 2001 the bridge was awarded as Bridge of the Century in the category of steel road bridges by Czech engineers during the Mosty 2001 symposium.

Kostelec nad Vltavou
Kostelec nad Vltavou is a municipality and village in Písek District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Kostelec nad Vltavou lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Písek, 62 km (39 mi) north of České Budějovice, and 67 km (42 mi) south of Prague.
Mergers and Acquisitions (The Sopranos)
"Mergers and Acquisitions" is the 47th episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the eighth of the show's fourth season. Its teleplay was written by Lawrence Konner from a story by David Chase, Robin Green, Mitchell Burgess, and Terence Winter. It was directed by Dan Attias and originally aired on November 3, 2002.

Terence Winter
Terence Patrick Winter (born October 2, 1960) is an American writer and producer of television and film. He was the creator, writer, and executive producer of the HBO television series Boardwalk Empire (2010–2014). Before creating Boardwalk Empire, Winter was a writer and executive producer for the HBO television series The Sopranos, from the show's second to sixth and final season (2000–2007).

In 2013, Winter wrote the screenplay to Martin Scorsese's The Wolf of Wall Street for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He was also the co-creator, writer and executive producer of another HBO television drama series, Vinyl (2016), which ran for one season. He is an executive producer and writer on the Paramount+ crime series Tulsa King with Taylor Sheridan.
Mohammad El Halabi
Mohammad El Halabi (born 1978) is a Palestinian aid worker and former manager for World Vision International in Palestine who was convicted of diverting funds to Hamas.

In June 2022, he was found guilty of membership of a terrorist organization, financing terrorist activities, transmitting information to an enemy entity, and criminal possession of a weapon. Significant controversy has been raised over the nature and validity of his convictions due to, in part, the use of secret evidence in the ruling.

Independent auditors and the Australian government have found "no evidence of wrongdoing or diversion of funds" from World Vision, which has stated that it would appeal.

Criminal possession of a weapon
Criminal possession of a weapon is the unlawful possession of a weapon by an individual. It may also be an additional crime if a violent offense was committed with a deadly weapon or firearm.

Such crimes are public order crimes and are considered mala prohibita, in that the possession of a weapon in and of itself is not evil. Rather, the potential for use in acts of unlawful violence creates a perceived need to control them. Some restrictions are strict liability, whereas others require some element of intent to use the weapon for an illegal purpose. Some regulations allow a citizen to obtain a license or other authorization to possess the weapon under certain circumstances. Lawful uses of weapons by civilians commonly include hunting, sport, collection and self-defense.
John Vaillant
John Vaillant (born 1962) is an American Canadian writer and journalist whose work has appeared in The New Yorker, The Atlantic, National Geographic, and Outside. He has written both non-fiction and fiction books.

American Canadians
American Canadians are Canadians of American descent. The term is most often used to refer to Canadians who migrated from or have ancestry from the United States. This may include people born in the United States who have naturalized as Canadian citizens. Many American Canadians and Canadian Americans hold both US and Canadian citizenship.
Jamel Brinkley
Jamel Brinkley is an American writer. His debut story collection, A Lucky Man (2018), was the winner of the PEN Oakland Josephine Miles Award and the Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence. It was also a finalist for the National Book Award, The Story Prize, the John Leonard Award, the Hurston/Wright Legacy Award, and the PEN/Robert W. Bingham Prize. He currently teaches fiction at the Iowa Writers' Workshop.

Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence
The Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence is an annual national literary award designed to recognize rising African American fiction writers. First awarded in 2007, the prize is underwritten by donors of the Baton Rouge Area Foundation in honor of the literary heritage provided by author Ernest J. Gaines, with the winner receiving a cash award (US$15,000 as of 2020) "to support and enable the writer to focus on writing." It has been described as "the nation's biggest prize for African-American writers".
Samuel Cutts
Samuel Cutts (December 8, 1726 – May 29, 1801) was an American merchant and politician.

Cutts was the son of Richard and Eunice (Curtis) Cutts of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where he was born in 1726.  His entire life was passed in his native town where he became a prosperous merchant, a representative to the New Hampshire General Court and a member of the New Hampshire Provincial Congress.  He was married at Cambridge, Massachusetts, December 8, 1762 to Anne Holyoke (1735-1812).  He died at Portsmouth, May 29, 1801.

In 1774, he met with Paul Revere and helped coordinate with local patriots for the raid on Fort William and Mary.

New Hampshire General Court
The General Court of New Hampshire is the bicameral state legislature of the U.S. state of New Hampshire. The lower house is the New Hampshire House of Representatives with 400 members, and the upper house is the New Hampshire Senate with 24 members. This ratio of one Senate seat for every 16.67 House seats makes New Hampshire's ratio of upper house to lower house seats the largest in the country.

The General Court convenes in the New Hampshire State House in downtown Concord, opened in 1819. The House of Representatives continues to meet in its original chambers, making Representatives Hall the oldest chamber in the United States still in continuous legislative use. When numbered seats were installed in Representatives Hall, the number thirteen was purposely omitted in deference to triskaidekaphobia.

The annual pay for legislators is set by law at $100.00.