hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Court of Historical Review
The Court of Historical Review (sometimes called the Court of Historical Review and Appeal) is a mock court in San Francisco, California. It has been convened on irregular intervals over several decades in order to decide questions of historical curiosity. The court's judgment is purely symbolic and has no legal or academic authority. The court has been presided over by a number of actual or retired judges, including U.S. District Court Judge Daniel Hanlon and San Francisco Municipal Court Judge George T. Choppelas.

Though it is a mock court, a number of notable attorneys and civic figures have argued cases and appeared as "witnesses", sometimes in character as historical figures. The court's proceedings are described as colorful and are reported widely.

Kangaroo court
Kangaroo court is an informal pejorative term for a court that ignores recognized standards of law or justice, carries little or no official standing in the territory within which it resides, and is typically convened ad hoc. A kangaroo court may ignore due process and come to a predetermined conclusion. The term is also used for a court held by a legitimate judicial authority, but which intentionally or structurally disregards the court's legal or ethical obligations (compare show trial).
Pinhal Litoral
Pinhal Litoral (Portuguese pronunciation: [piˈɲal lituˈɾal]) is a former NUTS3 subregion of Portugal integrating the Centro Region. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision. It covered an area of 1,741 km2, a population of 261,665 (as of 2005) and a density of 150 inhabitants/km2. It has a diversified economic activity, mainly glass, plastics, wood and agriculture.

Marinha Grande
Marinha Grande (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐˈɾiɲɐ ˈɣɾɐ̃dɨ] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Leiria District, Portugal. The population in 2021 was 39,032, in an area of 187.25 km². The city itself has a population of 32,330.

It is located right in the middle of the 700-year-old Leiria pine forest covering 100 square kilometres, and near excellent beaches such as Praia da Vieira, Nazaré, and São Pedro de Moel.

The present Mayor is Aurélio Ferreira, elected by the independent movement +MPM, a coalition formed by MPM and +Concelho. The municipal holiday is Ascension Day.
Surendra Raj Pandey
Surendra Raj Pandey (Nepali: सुरेन्द्र राज पाण्डे) is a Nepalese politician belonging to Nepali Congress. He is the current chief minister of Gandaki Province and was appointed to the post on May 29, 2024. Pandey is the Parliamentary Party leader of the Nepali Congress in the province and is member of from Gorkha 2(B). Pandey has previously served as Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly. He is also the Central Working Committee member of Nepali Congress.

Gorkha 2 (constituency)
Gorkha 2 one of two parliamentary constituencies of Gorkha District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.
C. Kamlova
C. Kamlova is a litterateur from Mizoram state. He was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honor, for his contribution to Hindi literature and education. Earlier, he received the 'Bhasha Bharti Award' from the Central Institute of Indian Languages in Mysore in 2003-04 for his Hindi-language book with the title ''Anubhav ki Diuphant''. Kamlova made significant contributions to the development of the Hindi language in Mizoram. He has organized a number of workshops to raise awareness of Hindi among the Mizos. In 2000, he contributed in the recognition of the "Hindi Praveen" (Hindi BA) program, which was initiated by the government.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
Erigeron tracyi
Erigeron tracyi is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name running fleabane. It is native to northern Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas)  and the southwestern United States (Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah).

Erigeron tracyi grows in pastures and open woodlands as well as on roadsides and in fence rows. It is an biennial or perennial herb up to 45 centimeters (17 inches) tall, producing unbranched underground caudex. Leaves are narrowly oblanceolate, up to 13 cm (2.5 inches) long. The inflorescence is made up of 1-60 flower heads per stem, in a loose array. Each head contains 60–120 blue, white or pale lavender ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
Latin American Music Awards of 2016
The 2nd Annual Latin American Music Awards were held at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles, California. It was broadcast live on Telemundo. Lucero was announced as the host on August 31. Banda MS and Yandel led the nominations with six each.

Yandel
Llandel Veguilla Malavé (born January 14, 1977), known professionally as Yandel, is a Puerto Rican singer who emerged in the music scene since 1995 and is the half-member of the reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel. He released his first solo album, Quien Contra Mí, in 2003. His second solo studio album, De Líder a Leyenda, was released in 2013 and was certified Gold (Latin) by the RIAA in 2014.
2013 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship final
The 2013 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship Final featured Cork and Monaghan. This was the third of three All-Ireland Ladies' football finals between 2008 and 2013 that saw Cork play Monaghan. They had also met in the 2011 final. Cork claimed their eighth All-Ireland title in nine years after they got the better of Monaghan by 1–10 to 1–9. Cork led 1–6 to 0–6 at half-time thanks to a Valerie Mulcahy goal. A second half penalty goal from their goalkeeper, Linda Martin, helped Monaghan lead by a point with eight minutes remaining but Juliet Murphy and Mulcahy added late points as Cork edged it by a solitary point. The match was broadcast live on TG4.

Cork county ladies' football team
The Cork county ladies' football team represents Cork GAA in ladies' Gaelic football. The team competes in inter-county competitions such as the All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship, the Munster Senior Ladies' Football Championship and the Ladies' National Football League.

After winning their first All-Ireland and League titles in 2005, Cork went on to dominate both competitions during the late 2000s and the 2010s. Between 2005 and 2009 Cork were All-Ireland champions five times in a row. They then achieved an All-Ireland six in a row between 2011 and 2016. During this era they also won eleven consecutive League titles. In 2014 the Cork senior ladies' football team also won the RTÉ Sports Team of the Year Award.
Meleager
Meleager (/ˌmɛliˈeɪɡər/, Ancient Greek: Μελέαγρος, romanized: Meléagros) was a hero in Greek mythology, venerated in his temenos at Calydon in Aetolia. He was famed as the host of the Calydonian boar hunt in the epic tradition that was reworked by Homer, and was also mentioned as one of the Argonauts.

Temenos
A temenos (Greek: τέμενος; plural: τεμένη, temenē) is a piece of land cut off and assigned as an official domain, especially to kings and chiefs, or a piece of land marked off from common uses and dedicated to a god, such as a sanctuary, holy grove, or holy precinct.

A temenos enclosed a sacred space called a hieron. It was usually surrounded by a wall, ditch, or line of stones. All things inside the demarcated area belonged to the designated god. Greeks could find asylum within a sanctuary and be under the protection of the deity and could not be moved against their will.
Black Lightning (1924 film)
Black Lightning is an extant 1924 American silent drama film directed by James P. Hogan and starring Thunder the Marvel Dog "supported" by Clara Bow and other "All Star Cast". The feature was produced by Gotham Pictures Company.

James P. Hogan (director)
James Patrick Hogan (commonly referred to as simply James Hogan) (September 21, 1890 in Lowell, Massachusetts – November 4, 1943 in North Hollywood, California) was an American filmmaker.
The films Hogan directed include Bulldog Drummond's Secret Police (1939) and The Mad Ghoul (1943), his last film. He died from a heart attack aged 53.
Photon bubble
A photon bubble is a type of radiation-driven instability that can occur in the magnetized, radiation-supported gas surrounding neutron stars, black hole accretion disks or at the edge of ultra-compact HII regions around young, massive stars. The instability occurs as follows. A compressive magnetohydrodynamical wave propagating at right angles to the direction of propagation of the radiation creates variations in the density of the gas. More radiation is able to pass through the low density regions than through the high density regions, and the imbalance in radiation pressure acts to drive gas out of the low density regions, along the magnetic field lines. This further decreases the density of the low density regions, which in turn allows more radiation to propagate through them, leading to runaway growth of the instability.

Instability
In dynamical systems instability means that some of the outputs or internal states increase with time, without bounds.  Not all systems that are not stable are unstable; systems can also be marginally stable or exhibit limit cycle behavior.

In structural engineering, a structural beam or column can become unstable when excessive compressive load is applied. Beyond a certain threshold, structural deflections magnify stresses, which in turn increases deflections. This can take the form of buckling or crippling. The general field of study is called structural stability.

Atmospheric instability is a major component of all weather systems on Earth.
Heart of Darkness (horse)
Heart of Darkness (11 February 1988 – 25 May 2011) was a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He showed by far his best form a juvenile in 1990 when he won two of his three races including the Washington Singer Stakes and the National Stakes before his career was interrupted by a serious leg injury. He failed to win again for two years before taking two minor races in the autumn of 1992. He later stood as a breeding stallion in Australia with limited success.

Denford Stakes
The Denford Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old horses. It is run at Newbury over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.
ESO 291-9
ESO 291-9 is a supergiant Type-cD galaxy located in the southern constellation of Grus. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.056 and it was first discovered as an active galactic nucleus candidate by astronomers in March 1987. It is classified as a lenticular galaxy with an S0 morphology and is the brightest cluster galaxy of Sersic 159−03, also known as Abell S1101, an X-ray luminous and rich galaxy cluster. It is also one of the largest galaxies known, with a diameter of around 243 kiloparsecs.

Galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, with typical masses ranging from 1014 to 1015 solar masses. Clusters consist of galaxies, heated gas, and dark matter. They are the biggest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe. They were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as galaxy groups rather than clusters of galaxies. Together, galaxy groups and clusters form superclusters.
Henry Roe
Henry Roe (22 February 1829 – 3 August 1909) was a Church of England minister. He was also a professor and author. He was born in Henryville Lower Canada to a large family and his father, John Hill Roe, was a doctor.

Roe was a professor of divinity at Bishop's College and Second Master at Bishop's College School when It was an emerging institution. He also published theological treatises and letters that were in opposition to a number of Roman Catholic teachings. In performing his teaching, writing, and ministry, he advocated a particular brand of Canadian Anglicanism. It was not necessarily an intellectual approach but it became the norm for the Anglican Church in Quebec.

Henryville, Quebec
Henryville (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁivil]) is a municipality in Le Haut-Richelieu Regional County Municipality in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 1,497. Henryville is the birthplace of Bat Masterson, a figure from the late 19th century U.S. wild west who became a New York City newspaper columnist during the early 20th century.
2015 Billings Wolves season
The 2015 Billings Wolves season was the team's first season as a professional indoor football franchise as an expansion team of the Indoor Football League (IFL). One of ten teams competing in the IFL for the 2015 season, the Billings, Montana-based Wolves were members of the Intense Conference.

Billings Wolves
The Billings Wolves were a professional indoor football team based in Billings, Montana and members of the Indoor Football League (IFL) from 2015-2016. The Wolves began play in 2015 as an expansion team of the IFL and were owned by Ron Benzel and coached by Chris Dixon. The Wolves played their home games at the Rimrock Auto Arena at MetraPark.
Mike Murray (American football)
Michael Murray (born c. 1961) is an American football coach. He is the assistant head football coach and defensive coordinator for Illinois Wesleyan University, positions he has held since 2025. He was the head football coach for the University of Dubuque from 1997 to 1999, Benedictine University from 2000 to 2001, Elmhurst University from 2023 to 2024, and the Bloomington Extreme of the Indoor Football League (IFL) in 2011. He was also the head track and field coach for Illinois Wesleyan University from 1987 to 1996 and the head men's golf coach for North Central University from 2014 to 2015. He also coached football for Illinois Wesleyan, North Central (IL), Robert Morris (IL), and Roosevelt. He played college football and baseball for Illinois Wesleyan.

North Central University
North Central University (NCU) is a private Christian university in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It is owned and operated by 11 Assemblies of God districts of the upper Midwest. NCU was founded in 1930 and is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. It is one of 17 Assemblies of God institutions of higher education in the United States.
Fountain of Light
Fountain of Light was a hippie underground newspaper of the 1960s, published monthly in tabloid format in Taos, New Mexico, from 1969 to 1970. At least 14 issues were published before the paper ceased publication in June 1970.

Underground press
The terms underground press or clandestine press refer to periodicals and publications that are produced without official approval, illegally or against the wishes of a dominant (governmental, religious, or institutional) group. 
In specific recent (post-World War II) Asian, American and Western European context, the term "underground press"  has most frequently been employed to refer to the independently published and distributed underground papers associated with the counterculture of the late 1960s and early 1970s in India and Bangladesh in Asia, in the United States and Canada in North America, and the United Kingdom and other western nations. It can also refer to the newspapers produced independently in repressive regimes. In German occupied Europe, for example, a thriving underground press operated, usually in association with the Resistance. Other notable examples include the samizdat and bibuła, which operated in the Soviet Union and Poland respectively, during the Cold War.
Saratoga Union School District
The Saratoga Union School District is a school district for primary and middle schools in the city of Saratoga in Santa Clara County, California. It was established in 1865 and covers the majority of the city of Saratoga as well as small sections of Monte Sereno and Los Gatos.

The district is responsible for educating children from transitional kindergarten to grade 8. As of 2018 it has 3 elementary schools and one middle school (grades 6 to 8). The Los Gatos-Saratoga Joint Union High School District provides education from grade 9 onwards in the local area.

The Redwood Middle School Marching Band and Color Guard was selected to represent the state of California in the 56th Presidential Inaugural Parade of President Barack Obama in Washington, D.C., on January 20, 2009. Argonaut Elementary School and Redwood Middle School were named National Blue Ribbon Schools in 2018.

Los Gatos, California
Los Gatos (US: /loʊs ˈɡɑːtoʊs, lɔːs -/; Spanish: [loz ˈɣatos]; Spanish for 'The Cats') is an incorporated town in Santa Clara County, California, United States. The population is 32,529 according to the  2020 census. It is located in the San Francisco Bay Area just southwest of San Jose in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Los Gatos is part of Silicon Valley, with several high technology companies maintaining a presence there. Netflix, the streaming service and content creator, is headquartered in Los Gatos and has developed a large presence in the area.
Lin Xiyu
Lin Xiyu (Chinese: 林希妤; born 25 February 1996), also known as Xi Yu Lin and by her English name Janet, is a Chinese professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour. She won the bronze medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Sanya Ladies Open
The Sanya Ladies Open was a golf tournament co-sanctioned by the China LPGA Tour, Ladies Asian Golf Tour and the Ladies European Tour from 2010 to 2017. It was played at the Yalong Bay Golf Club in Sanya, China.
Simpson v. University of Colorado
Lisa Simpson; Anne Gilmore v. University of Colorado Boulder, Nos. 06-1184 and 07-1182 (Sept. 6, 2007) was a case in which the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that there was enough evidence that the University of Colorado Boulder was deliberately indifferent  under Title IX of not taking appropriate measures to limit sexual assault on their campus despite officials, such as Gary Barnett, having a general knowledge of the harassment and the risk of sexual assault occurring.

Gary Barnett
Gary Lee Barnett (born May 23, 1946) is an American former football player and coach. He served as the head coach at Fort Lewis College (1982–1983), Northwestern University (1992–1998), and the University of Colorado at Boulder (1999–2005), compiling a career college football record of 92–94–2.  His 1995 Northwestern team won the Big Ten Conference title, the first for the program since 1936, and played in the school's first Rose Bowl since 1949.  At Colorado, Barnett was suspended briefly in the 2004 offseason due to events stemming from allegations of sexual misconduct by several members of the football team.
Linux DM Multipath
Device Mapper Multipath Input Output (DM-MPIO) or DM-Multipathing provides input/output (I/O) fail-over and load-balancing by using multipath I/O within Linux for block devices. By utilizing device-mapper, the multipathd daemon provides the host-side logic to use multiple paths of a redundant network to provide continuous availability and higher-bandwidth connectivity between the host server and the block-level device. DM-MPIO handles the rerouting of block I/O to an alternate path in the event of a path failure.  DM-MPIO can also balance the I/O load across all of the available paths that are typically utilized in Fibre Channel (FC) and iSCSI SAN environments.
DM-MPIO is based on the device mapper, which provides the basic framework that maps one block device onto another.

Storage area network
A storage area network (SAN) or storage network is a computer network which provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage. SANs are primarily used to access data storage devices, such as disk arrays and tape libraries from servers so that the devices appear to the operating system as direct-attached storage. A SAN typically is a dedicated network of storage devices not accessible through the local area network (LAN).

Although a SAN provides only block-level access, file systems built on top of SANs do provide file-level access and are known as shared-disk file systems.

Newer SAN configurations enable hybrid SAN and allow traditional block storage that appears as local storage but also object storage for web services through APIs.
White Wings (1943 film)
White Wings (French: Les ailes blanches) is a 1943 French drama film directed by Robert Péguy and starring Gaby Morlay, Jacques Dumesnil and Marcelle Géniat. It was shot at the Photosonor Studios at Courbevoie in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Lucien Jaquelux and Lucien Aguettand.

Courbevoie
Courbevoie (French pronunciation: [kuʁbəvwa] ⓘ) is a commune located in the Hauts-de-Seine department of the Île-de-France region of France. It is a suburb of Paris, 8.2 km (5.1 mi) from the center of Paris.   The centre of Courbevoie is situated 2 km (1.2 mi) from the city limits of Paris.

La Défense, a business district hosting the tallest buildings in the Paris metropolitan area, spreads over the southern part of Courbevoie (as well as parts of Puteaux, Nanterre and La Garenne-Colombes).
Central Human Resource Development Center
Central Human Resource Development Center (Bengali: কেন্দ্রীয় মানব সম্পদ উন্নয়ন কেন্দ্র) is a Bangladesh government owned training and research centre. It is responsible for poverty elevation by providing training to the youth population of Bangladesh. As part of the Digital Bangladesh plan of the government it provides training on topics such as freelancing and outsourcing. Md. Shalim Khan is the principal of the Central Human Resource Development Center.

Access to Information (programme)
Access to Information (Bengali: এটুআই) of the Prime Minister's Office (now redefined as "Aspire to Innovate" and the program moved under ICT Division) was a programme of the government's Digital transformation which specializes in introducing citizen-centric public service innovation to simplify public service delivery and improve the lives of citizens by increasing transparency, improving governance and reducing the time, difficulty and costs of obtaining government services. Bangladesh has achieved substantial advancements in technology across various sectors including telecommunications, internet connectivity and speed, digitization, and media.