hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Park Ridge, New Jersey
Park Ridge is a borough in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 8,883, its highest decennial census count ever and an increase of 238 (+2.8%) from the 2010 census count of 8,645, which in turn had reflected a decline of 63 (−0.7%) from the 8,708 counted at the 2000 census. Park Ridge has continued to grow in population since the 2020 census, by 557  (+6.3%) to an estimated 9,440 residents as of 2023.

New Jersey Legislature
The New Jersey Legislature is the legislative branch of the government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. In its current form, as defined by the New Jersey Constitution of 1947, the Legislature consists of two houses: the General Assembly and the Senate. The Legislature meets in the New Jersey State House, in the state capital of Trenton.
Curtis Dickson
Curtis Dickson (born July 18, 1988) is a Canadian professional lacrosse player who currently plays for the Vancouver Warriors of the National Lacrosse League. Dickson previously played for the San Diego Seals and prior to signing with the Seals in August 2022, he also played 11 seasons with the Calgary Roughnecks. He has also played for the Chaos Lacrosse Club in the Premier Lacrosse League and Denver Outlaws and New York Lizards in the MLL.

He was a two-time All-American lacrosse player at University of Delaware from 2007 to 2010, where he served as captain of the 2010 NCAA Tournament Blue Hens team and was a member of the only Final Four team in school history.

2010 NCAA Division I men's lacrosse tournament
The 2010 NCAA Division I lacrosse tournament was the 40th annual tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the team champion of men's college lacrosse among its Division I programs, held at the end of the 2010 NCAA Division I men's lacrosse season. The tournament was held from May 15–31, 2010.

Duke defeated Notre Dame Fighting in the final, 6–5 in overtime, capturing the Blue Devil's first men's lacrosse championship.

The championship game was played at M&T Bank Stadium, the home of the NFL's Baltimore Ravens, in Baltimore, Maryland, with a crowd of 37,126 fans.
Kamuzu Central Hospital
Kamuzu Central Hospital is a tertiary referral hospital in the city of Lilongwe, the capital of Malawi. It is estimated to have 780 beds, and a larger number of patients. It serves approximately 5 million people, referred from five district hospitals and from other parts of Malawi and parts of neighboring Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.

Lilongwe
Lilongwe (UK: /lɪˈlɒŋweɪ/, US: /-wi, lɪˈlɔːŋweɪ/,) is the capital and largest city of Malawi. It has a population of 989,318 as of the 2018 Census, up from a population of 674,448 in 2008. In 2020, that figure was 1,122,000. The city is located in the central region of Malawi, in the district of the same name, near the borders with Mozambique and Zambia, and it is an important economic and transportation hub for central Malawi. It is named after the Lilongwe River.
Etlingera loroglossa
Etlingera loroglossa is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by François Gagnepain, and was given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera loroglossa is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae.

The range of the species is Assam in India. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Rosemary Margaret Smith
Rosemary Margaret Smith (1933–2004) was a Scottish botanist and illustrator who specialized in the taxonomy of the Zingiberaceae, or ginger family. Many of the species she classified and identified as being placed into improper genera were found in Asian countries, especially in the isolated island of Borneo.

Elettariopsis smithiae, a species of ginger native to Malaysia and Thailand, is named in honour of her. In 2001, a genus titled Smithatris was named after her, the two species in the genus being Smithatris supraneanae and Smithatris myanmarensis.
Ardblair Castle
Ardblair Castle is an L-plan castle (with an added wing), dating from the 16th century, around 0.75 miles (1.21 km) west of Blairgowrie in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. This castle is the subject of a green lady ghostlore story.

Perth and Kinross
Perth and Kinross (Scots: Pairth an Kinross; Scottish Gaelic: Peairt agus Ceann Rois) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. It is bordered by Highland and Aberdeenshire to the north, Angus, Dundee, and Fife to the east, Clackmannanshire to the south, and Stirling and Argyll and Bute to the west.

Geographically the area is split by the Highland Boundary Fault into a more mountainous northern part and a flatter southern part. The northern area is a popular tourist spot, while agriculture makes an important contribution to the southern part of the area.

The area is run by Perth and Kinross Council, which is based in Perth.
Edward Matheson
Edward Matheson (14 June 1865 – 26 February 1945) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket in single matches for the South of England cricket team in 1886 and for Warwickshire in 1899. He was born at Charlton, Dover, Kent and died at Uffculme, Devon.

Matheson was the son of Reverend Charles Matheson, headmaster of the Clergy Orphan School in Canterbury; he was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, but he did not play in any senior cricket matches while at Cambridge University. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1886 and at the end of the cricket season for that year, he played in a single first-class cricket match for a team representing the South against the Australians, scoring 1 and 6. He did little better in his only other match, a County Championship game for Warwickshire against Gloucestershire in 1899, in which he scored 9 and 5.

Matheson was a schoolmaster and was on the teaching staff at Summer Fields School in St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex.

St Leonards-on-Sea
St Leonards-on-Sea (commonly known as St Leonards) is a town and seaside resort in the borough of Hastings in East Sussex, England. It has been part of the borough since the late 19th century and lies to the west of central Hastings. The original part of the settlement was laid out in the early 19th century as a new town: a place of elegant houses designed for the well-off; it also included a central public garden, a hotel, an archery, assembly rooms and a church. Today's St Leonards has extended well beyond that original design, although the original town still exists within it.
Judge Benjamin Shaver House
The Judge Benjamin Shaver House is a historic house at 701 12th Street in Mena, Arkansas.  It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a hip roof that projects over a two-story porch.  There are further stepped projectings beyond this, culminating in an gable section supported by Ionic columns, with a Palladian window in the pedimented gable end.  The house was built in 1896, two years after Mena was incorporated by Benjamin Shaver, a prominent local lawyer and judge.  The building is further notable for its association with his daughter Dorothy, who parlayed an early career as a dollmaker into becoming CEO of Lord & Taylor.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Mena, Arkansas
Mena (/ˈmiːnə/ MEE-nə) is a city in and the county seat of Polk County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 5,558 as of the 2020 census. Mena is located in the U.S. Interior Highlands. Surrounded by the Ouachita National Forest, Mena is a gateway to some of the most visited tourist attractions in Arkansas.
La jacquerie
La jacquerie is a four-act opera commenced by Édouard Lalo in 1889 to a libretto by Édouard Blau and Simone Arnaud, based on the 1828 play of the same name by Prosper Mérimée. The opera was unfinished when Lalo died in 1892, and it was completed by Arthur Coquard. The first performance was at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo on 9 March 1895.

Opéra de Monte-Carlo
The Opéra de Monte-Carlo (French pronunciation: [ɔpeʁa d(ə) mɔ̃te kaʁlo]) is an opera house which is part of the Monte Carlo Casino located in the Principality of Monaco.

With the lack of cultural diversions available in Monaco in the 1870s, Prince Charles III, along with the Société des Bains de Mer, decided to include a concert hall as part of the casino. The main public entrance to the hall was from the casino, while Charles III's private entrance was on the western side. It opened in 1879 and became known as the Salle Garnier, after the architect Charles Garnier, who designed it.

During the renovation of the Salle Garnier in 2004–05, the company presented operas at the Salle des Princes in the local Grimaldi Forum, a modern conference and performance facility where Les Ballets de Monte-Carlo and the Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra regularly perform.
Norman Davies
Ivor Norman Richard Davies CMG FBA FRHistS (born 8 June 1939) is a British and Polish historian, known for his publications on the history of Europe, Poland and the United Kingdom. He has a special interest in Central and Eastern Europe and is UNESCO Professor at the Jagiellonian University, professor emeritus at University College London, a visiting professor at the Collège d'Europe, and an honorary fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford. He was granted Polish citizenship in 2014.

St Antony's College, Oxford
St Antony's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1950 as the result of the gift of French merchant Sir Antonin Besse of Aden, St Antony's specialises in international relations, economics, politics, and area studies relative to Europe, Russia, former Soviet states, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, Japan, China, and South and South East Asia.

The college is located in North Oxford, with Woodstock Road to the west, Bevington Road to the south and Winchester Road to the east. St Antony's had a financial endowment of £55.1 million as of 2021. Formerly a men's college, it has been co-educational since 1962.
Gordon Swinney
Gordon Robert Swinney (born 4 January 1974) is a former English cricketer.  Swinney was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break.  He was born at Bath, Somerset.

Swinney first played county cricket for Wiltshire during the 1995 season.  He played 2 Minor Counties Championship matches for the county against Wales Minor Counties and Herefordshire. He also represented the county in a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Cambridgeshire.

Swinney later represented the Somerset Cricket Board in a single List A match against Bedfordshire in the 2nd round of the 1999 NatWest Trophy. In his only List A match, he scored 59 runs and took a single catch.

1999 NatWest Trophy
The 1999 NatWest Trophy was the 19th NatWest Trophy.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 4 May and 29 August 1999. The tournament was won by Gloucestershire who defeated Somerset by 50 runs in the final at Lord's.
Eatanic Garden
Eatanic Garden (Korean: 이타닉가든) is a fine dining restaurant in Seoul, South Korea. The restaurant serves contemporary cuisine, with some dishes taking inspiration from Korean cuisine. It received one Michelin Star from 2023 through 2025. In 2024, it received a Michelin Service Award.

The name of the restaurant is a pun. In the Korean term for "botanic garden", 식물원; sikmulwon, sik ("living") has a homophone that means "eat". This pun has been rendered into English as "Eatanic Garden".

The restaurant's head chef Son Jong-won also runs the restaurant L'Amant Secret, also in Seoul and Michelin-starred. Son trained at The Culinary Institute of America. He worked in Noma in Denmark and Quince in San Francisco. Son received a "New Talents of the Year 2024" award from La Liste.

Noma (restaurant)
Noma (/ˈnoʊ.mə/) is a three-Michelin-star restaurant and food innovation lab founded by chef René Redzepi and Claus Meyer in Copenhagen, Denmark. The name is a syllabic abbreviation of the two Danish words "nordisk" (Nordic) and "mad" (food). Opened in 2003, the restaurant is known for its focus on foraging, invention and interpretation of New Nordic Cuisine. In 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, and 2021 it was ranked as the Best Restaurant in the World by Restaurant magazine.

In January 2023, Redzepi announced that Noma would transition away from traditional restaurant service, with its final regular dinner service taking place in Kyoto, Japan, in December 2024. Noma continues to operate as a food lab and through periodic pop-up residencies.
Belleville Mennonite School
Belleville Christian School is located in Belleville, Pennsylvania, United States. It is situated between Stone Mountain and Jacks' Mountain. The valley they form is known as Big Valley. Belleville Mennonite is a member of the Association of Christian Schools International.

This private, Christian school is currently led by superintendent, Nicholas Wilson, along with high school principal, Mr. Jon Farley, middle school principal, Mrs. Jessica Geissinger, and elementary principal, Mrs. Becky Williams. The school educates around 235 students with more 25 faculty members.

Belleville Mennonite School underwent a rebranding beginning in the 2012–2013 school year. First, the school introduced a new mascot known as the "Belleville Thunder". Later, they made changes in their public image by introducing a new website and logo. "The new logo features a thunder bolt. In the summer of 2025, they will change to Belleville Christian School."

Christian school
A Christian school is a religious school run on Christian principles or by a Christian organization. These schools often include religious education and worship in their curriculum. They may also have a distinct Christian mission or philosophy.

The nature of Christian schools varies enormously from country to country, according to the religious, educational, and political cultures. In some countries, there is a strict separation of church and state, so all religious schools are private; in others, there is an established church whose teachings form an integral part of the state-operated educational system; in yet others, the state subsidizes religious schools of various denominations.
Police officer certification and licensure in the United States
In the United States, certification and licensure requirements for law enforcement officers vary significantly from state to state. Policing in the United States is highly fragmented, and there are no national minimum standards for licensing police officers in the U.S. Researchers say police are given far more training on use of firearms than on de-escalating provocative situations. On average, US officers spend around 21 weeks training before they are qualified to go on patrol, which is far less than in most other developed countries.

Police brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, racially-motivated violence and unwarranted use of tasers.
1801 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1801 Connecticut gubernatorial election took place on April 9, 1801. Incumbent Federalist Governor Jonathan Trumbull Jr. won re-election to a fourth full term, defeating Democratic-Republican candidate Richard Law.

Jonathan Trumbull Jr.
Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (March 26, 1740 – August 7, 1809) was an American politician and military officer who served as the governor of Connecticut, speaker of the United States House of Representatives, and lieutenant governor of Connecticut. He is often confused with his younger brother, John Trumbull, a famous artist during the revolutionary war and early years of the United States.
Diary of a Mad Dog
Diary of a Mad Dog is the debut solo studio album by Cypress Hill rapper Sen Dog. It was released September 30, 2008 via indie label Suburban Noize Records. The record features guest appearances by the likes of Kottonmouth Kings, Demrick, B-Real, Mellow Man Ace, Slip Matola, and J-Killa among others.

Kottonmouth Kings
The Kottonmouth Kings are an American hip-hop and rap rock group formed in Placentia, California in 1996 by D-Loc and Saint Dog. The group advocates for legalizing cannabis, and their lyrics contain frequent references to marijuana consumption. The group's music sometimes incorporate elements of other genres, including punk rock, psychedelic rock, reggae, dubstep, bluegrass and jam band.
Pramod
Pramod means joy or happiness in Sanskrit and is one of the names of the Hindu god Ganesh.

People with the name "Pramod":

A. N. Pramod (fl. 1990s–2020s), Indian Navy Vice Admiral

Pramod Bhasin (fl. 1960s–2020s), Indian businessman

Pramod Chakravorty (1929–2004), Indian director and film producer

Pramod Kamble (born 1964), Indian painter and sculptor

Pramod Kapoor (born 1953), Indian writer and publisher

Pramod Kharel (born 1979), Nepalese singer

Pramod Kureel (born 1966), Indian politician

Pramod Madushan (born 1993), Sri Lankan cricketer

Pramod Mahajan (1949–2006), Indian politician

Pramod Moutho (born 1955), Indian actor

Pramod Panju (fl. 2010s–2020s), Indian actor

Namitha Pramod (born 1996), Indian actress

Ranjan Pramod (fl. 2000s–2020s), Indian screenwriter and director

Pramod Sawant (born 1973), Indian politician

Pramod Tiwari (born 1952), Indian politician

Pramodya Wickramasinghe (born 1971), Sri Lankan cricketer

Pramod Kamble
Pramod Kamble (born 11 August 1964) is an Indian artist, painter, and sculptor. He promotes eco-friendly idols with NGOs creating Ganapatis made of clay and painted in natural colours for a safer festival. He conducts classes on making such eco-friendly idols during Ganesh Chaturthi.
San Biase
San Biase is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region of Molise, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Campobasso. It has 124 inhabitants.

San Biase borders the municipalities Salcito, Sant'Angelo Limosano, and Trivento.

Province of Campobasso
The province of Campobasso (Italian: provincia di Campobasso; Molisan dialect: pruìnge de Cambuàsce) is a province in the Molise region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Campobasso. It covers an area of c. 2,941 square kilometres (1,136 sq mi) and has a total population of 223,871 (2017). There are 84 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province.

The eastern part of the province is home to a small Croatian minority who speak an archaic dialect of Croatian. The Croatians reside primarily in Acquaviva Collecroce, San Felice and Montemitro.
Adolphe Le Prince
Adolphe Le Prince (c. June 1872 – 20 August 1901) was an English actor. He appeared in Roundhay Garden Scene, the earliest surviving film.

In 1898, Le Prince appeared as a witness for the defence in a lawsuit brought by Thomas Edison against the American Mutoscope Company. Le Prince testified about the inventions of his late father, Louis Le Prince, rebutting Edison's claim to be the inventor of cinematography, and therefore entitled to royalties for the use of the process.

Biograph Company
The Biograph Company, also known as the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1916. It was the first company in the United States devoted entirely to film production and exhibition, and for two decades was one of the most prolific, releasing over 3000 short films and 12 feature films. During the height of silent film as a medium, Biograph was the most prominent American film studio and one of the most respected and influential studios worldwide, only rivaled by Germany's UFA, Sweden's Svensk Filmindustri and France's Pathé. The company was home to pioneering director D. W. Griffith and such actors as Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish, and Lionel Barrymore.
Neal Parlane
Neal Ronald Parlane (born 9 August 1978) is a New Zealand cricketer and coach. He played first-class cricket for Northern Districts, Wellington and Auckland, making over 100 first-class appearances in a career which lasted from 1996/97 to 2001/12. He was born in Whangārei. He is the younger brother of Michael Parlane.

Parlane's highest first-class score was 193, off 195 balls, for Wellington against Otago in 2009–10. He scored centuries for Auckland in his last two List A matches, in February 2012, in the finals of the Ford Trophy: 117 against Otago, then 106 against Central Districts, when Auckland lost the final by two wickets.

Parlane also played Hawke Cup cricket for Northland between 1995 and 2018. He scored a century when Northland gained the title from Auckland-Waitakere in March 1998. In 2019 he was appointed coach of Northland. Later he became Northland Cricket's general manager.

Whangārei
Whangārei is the northernmost city in New Zealand and the largest settlement of the Northland Region. It is part of the Whangarei District, created in 1989 from the former Whangarei City, Whangarei County and Hikurangi Town councils to administer both the city and its hinterland. The city population was estimated to be 56,100 in June 2025, an increase from 47,000 in 2001.
Positive and negative parts
In mathematics, the positive part of a real or extended real-valued function is defined by the formula

Intuitively, the graph of  is obtained by taking the graph of , 'chopping off' the part under the x-axis, and letting  take the value zero there.

Similarly, the negative part of f is defined as

Note that both f+ and f− are non-negative functions. A peculiarity of terminology is that the 'negative part' is neither negative nor a part (like the imaginary part of a complex number is neither imaginary nor a part).

The function f can be expressed in terms of f+ and f− as

Also note that

Using these two equations one may express the positive and negative parts as

Another representation, using the Iverson bracket is

One may define the positive and negative part of any function with values in a linearly ordered group.

The unit ramp function is the positive part of the identity function.

Linearly ordered group
In mathematics, specifically abstract algebra, a linearly ordered or totally ordered group is a group G equipped with a total order "≤" that is translation-invariant. This may have different meanings. We say that (G, ≤) is a:

left-ordered group if ≤ is left-invariant, that is a ≤ b implies ca ≤ cb for all a, b, c in G,

right-ordered group if ≤ is right-invariant, that is  a ≤ b implies ac ≤ bc for all a, b, c in G,

bi-ordered group if ≤ is bi-invariant, that is it is both left- and right-invariant.

A group G is said to be left-orderable (or right-orderable, or bi-orderable) if there exists a left- (or right-, or bi-) invariant order on G. A simple necessary condition for a group to be left-orderable is to have no elements of finite order; however this is not a sufficient condition. It is equivalent for a group to be left- or right-orderable; however there exist left-orderable groups which are not bi-orderable.
Jamell Anderson
Jamell Anderson (born 6 July 1990) is a British professional basketball player who last played for Sheffield Sharks of Super League Basketball (SLB).

He has spent the previous four seasons with the Leicester Riders where he won two BBL Championships, two BBL Cup and one BBL Trophy. Anderson also has International experience representing Great Britain throughout their age group squads through to seniors.

Super League Basketball
Super League Basketball (SLB) is a men's professional basketball league established in 2024. The competition replaced the former British Basketball League (BBL) as the top-level men's basketball competition in Great Britain.