hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alaia
An alaia (pronounced /ɑːˈlaɪɑː/, Hawaiian: [əˈlɐjjə]) is a thin, round-nosed, square-tailed surfboard ridden in pre-20th century Hawaii. The boards were about 200 to 350 cm (7 to 12 ft) long, weighed up to 50 kg (100 lb), and generally made from the wood of the Koa Tree. They are distinct from modern surfboards in that they have no ventral fins, and instead rely on the sharpness of the edges to hold the board in the face of the wave.

Modern alaias are about 150 to 350 cm (5 to 12 ft) long and are the larger version of the Paipo board, used for knee or belly surfing, and the smaller version of the Olo board, generally between 550 and 750 cm (18 and 24 ft) long. All of these board types are similar in that each is made of wood and is ridden without a sharks fin/skeg.

Fin
A fin is a thin appendage or component attached to a larger body or structure. Fins typically function as foils that produce lift or thrust, or provide the ability to steer or stabilize motion while traveling in water, air, or other fluids. Fins are also used to increase surface areas for heat transfer purposes, or simply as ornamentation.

Fins first evolved on fish as a means of locomotion. Fish fins are used to generate thrust and control the subsequent motion. Fish and other aquatic animals, such as cetaceans, actively propel and steer themselves with pectoral and tail fins. As they swim, they use other fins, such as dorsal and anal fins, to achieve stability and refine their maneuvering.

The fins on the tails of cetaceans, ichthyosaurs, metriorhynchids, mosasaurs and plesiosaurs are called flukes.
A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language
A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language: Arranged According to the Wu-Fang Yuen Yin, with the Pronunciation of the Characters as Heard in Peking, Canton, Amoy, and Shanghai or the Hàn-Yīng yùnfǔ 漢英韻府, compiled by the American sinologist and missionary Samuel Wells Williams in 1874, is a 1,150-page bilingual dictionary including 10,940 character headword entries, alphabetically collated under 522 syllables. Williams' dictionary includes, in addition to Mandarin, Chinese variants from Middle Chinese and four regional varieties of Chinese, according to the 17th-century Wufang yuanyin 五方元音 "Proto-sounds of Speech in All Directions".

Lemma (morphology)
In morphology and lexicography, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is the canonical form, dictionary form, or citation form of a set of word forms. In English, for example, break, breaks, broke, broken and breaking are forms of the same lexeme, with break as the lemma by which they are indexed. Lexeme, in this context, refers to the set of all the inflected or alternating forms in the paradigm of a single word, and lemma refers to the particular form that is chosen by convention to represent the lexeme. Lemmas have special significance in highly inflected languages such as Arabic, Turkish, and Russian. The process of determining the lemma for a given lexeme is called lemmatisation. The lemma can be viewed as the chief of the principal parts, although lemmatisation is at least partly arbitrary.
Great Appalachian Storm of 1950
The Great Appalachian Storm of November 1950 was a large extratropical cyclone which moved through the Eastern United States, causing blizzard conditions along the western slopes of the Appalachian Mountains and significant winds and heavy rainfall east of the mountains. Hurricane-force winds, peaking at 110 miles per hour (180 km/h) in Concord, New Hampshire, and 160 mph (260 km/h) in the highlands of New England, disrupted power to 1 million customers during the event.

In all, the storm impacted 22 states, killing 383 people, injuring over 160, and causing US$66.7 million in damage (equivalent to $872,000,000 in 2024). U.S. insurance companies paid out more money to their policy holders for damage resulting from the cyclone than for any previous storm or hurricane at the time. The cyclone is also one of only twenty-six storms to rank as a Category 5 on the regional snowfall index.

It was termed in certain sources as the "Storm of the Century".

Eastern United States
The Eastern United States, often abbreviated as simply the East, is a macroregion of the United States located to the east of the Mississippi River. It variably includes between 17 and 26 states and Washington, D.C., the national capital.

As of 2011, the Eastern United States had an estimated population exceeding 179 million, representing the majority (over 58 percent) of the total U.S. population.

The three most populous cities in the Eastern United States are New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia.
Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces (Kazakhstan)
The Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces (Kazakh: Құрлық әскерлерінің бас қолбасшысы, romanized: Qūrlyq äskerlerınıñ bas qolbasşysy; Russian: Главнокомандующий сухопутными войсками) is the professional head of the Kazakh Ground Forces. They are responsible for the administration and the operational control of the Ground Forces.

The position of the Commander of the Ground Forces, as well as the state institution that is the Directorate of the Commander of the Ground Forces did not exist from July 2000 to June 2002 and from November 2004 to April 2009. In the indicated periods, the Ground Forces of Kazakhstan did not have their own centralized command and control body. On 14 June 2002, the office was created. The ground forces, in addition to regional commands, were subordinate to the Committee of the Chiefs of Staff of the armed forces.

Kazakh alphabets
The Kazakh language was written mainly in four scripts at various points of time – Old Turkic, Cyrillic, Latin, and Arabic – each having a distinct alphabet. The Arabic script is used in Iran, Afghanistan, and China, while the Cyrillic script is used in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Mongolia. In October 2017, a presidential decree in Kazakhstan ordered a transition from the Cyrillic to Latin script to be implemented by 2025. In January 2021, the target year for finishing the transition was pushed back to 2031.
Sissano language
Sissano is an Austronesian language spoken by at most a few hundred people around Sissano in West Aitape Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. 4,800 speakers were reported in 1990, but the 1998 tsunami wiped out most of the population.

Sandaun Province
Sandaun Province (formerly West Sepik Province) is the northwesternmost mainland province of Papua New Guinea (also known as home of the sunset). It covers an area of 35,920 km2 (13,870 sq mi) and has a population of 248,411 (2011 census). The capital is Vanimo. In July 1998 the area surrounding the town of Aitape was hit by an enormous tsunami caused by a Magnitude 7.0 earthquake which killed over 2,000 people. The five villages along the west coast of Vanimo towards the International Border are namely; Lido, Waromo, Yako, Musu and Wutung. It borders Indonesia.
Piano Sonata No. 2 (Kabalevsky)
Dmitry Kabalevsky's Piano Sonata No. 2 in E-flat major, Op. 45 was composed in 1945 and dedicated to Emil Gilels. It is the most vast and dramatic of Kabalevsky's three sonatas. A War Sonata such as Sergei Prokofiev's trilogy, its first movement has been compared to that of Dmitri Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7.

Vladimir Horowitz delivered its US première on February 3, 1947 at Carnegie Hall.

Dmitry Kabalevsky
Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky (Russian: Дми́трий Бори́сович Кабале́вский listenⓘ; 30 December [O.S. 17 December] 1904 – 14 February 1987) was a Soviet composer, conductor, pianist and pedagogue of Russian gentry descent.

He helped set up the Union of Soviet Composers in Moscow and remained one of its leading figures during his lifetime. He was a prolific composer of piano music and chamber music; many of his piano works were performed by Vladimir Horowitz. He is best known in Western Europe for his Second Symphony; the "Comedians' Galop" from The Comedians Suite, Op. 26; and his Third Piano Concerto.
Yaowarat Road
Yaowarat Road (Thai: ถนนเยาวราช, romanized: Thanon Yaowarat, pronounced [tʰā.nǒn jāw.wā.râːt]; Chinese: 耀華力路) in Samphanthawong District is the main artery of Bangkok's Chinatown. Modern Chinatown now covers a large area around Yaowarat and Charoen Krung Road. It has been the main centre for trading by the Chinese community since they moved from their old site some 200 years ago to make way for the construction of Wat Phra Kaew, the Grand Palace. Nearby is the Phahurat or Little India. The area is bordered by the Chao Phraya River from the west to the south. Yaowarat Road is well known for its variety of foodstuffs, and at night turns into a large "food street" that draws tourists and locals from all over the city.

Chao Phraya River
The Chao Phraya River (Thai: แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country. It flows through Bangkok and then into the Gulf of Thailand.
Vincent McHugh
Vincent McHugh (died 1977) was an Irish Fine Gael politician. He was a member of Seanad Éireann on three separate occasions; from 1951 to 1954, 1965 to 1969 and 1976 to 1977. He was elected to the 7th Seanad in 1951 by the Labour Panel, but lost his seat at the 1954 Seanad election.

He was next elected to the 11th Seanad in 1965 again by the Labour Panel, and lost his seat at the 1969 Seanad election. He was last elected at a by-election to the 13th Seanad in October 1976 by the Cultural and Educational Panel, following the death of Mary Walsh. He did not contest the 1977 Seanad election.

He stood unsuccessfully for Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael candidate for the Clare constituency at the 1951 and 1954 general elections.

1951 Irish general election
The 1951 Irish general election to the 14th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 30 May following the dissolution of the 13th Dáil on 7 May by President Seán T. O'Kelly on the request of Taoiseach John A. Costello. The general election took place in 40 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 147 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas.

This election was the first election since the declaration of the Republic of Ireland on 18 April 1949 under the terms of The Republic of Ireland Act 1948, which forced Ireland's withdrawal from the British Commonwealth.

The 14th Dáil met at Leinster House on 13 June to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Costello failed to secure a majority, and Éamon de Valera was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 6th government of Ireland, a single-party minority Fianna Fáil government.
Choristodera
Choristodera (from the Greek χωριστός chōristos + δέρη dérē, 'separated neck') is an extinct order of semiaquatic diapsid reptiles that ranged from the Middle Jurassic, or possibly Triassic, to the Miocene (168 to 20 or possibly 11.6 million years ago). Choristoderes are morphologically diverse, with the best known members being the crocodile-like neochoristoderes such as Champsosaurus. Other choristoderans had lizard-like or long necked morphologies. Choristoderes appear to have been confined to the Northern Hemisphere, having been found in North America, Asia, and Europe, and possibly also North Africa. Choristoderes are generally thought to be derived neodiapsids that are close relatives or members of Sauria.

Coniacian
The Coniacian is an age or stage in the geologic timescale. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series and spans the time between 89.8 ± 0.3 Ma and 85.7 ± 0.2 Ma (million years ago). The Coniacian is preceded by the Turonian and followed by the Santonian.
François Béchard
François Béchard (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa beʃaʁ]; April 18, 1830 – April 13, 1897) was a Quebec farmer and political figure. He represented Iberville and then St. Johns—Iberville in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1867 to 1896. He was a member of the Senate of Canada for De Lorimier division from 1896 to 1897.

He was born in Mount Johnson (now Mont-Saint-Grégoire), Lower Canada in 1830, the son of François Béchard and Clémence Gozette, and educated at the College of Saint-Hyacinthe. He served as a major in the local militia and was mayor of Saint-Grégoire. Béchard was named to the Senate in September 1896 and died in 1897 in Montreal while still in office.

Saint-Grégoire, Quebec
Saint-Grégoire (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ gʁegwaʁ]) is a community of the city of Bécancour, Quebec, Canada.  It is one of the major population centres within the city.  Autoroute 55 intersects Autoroute 30 and Route 132 at Saint-Grégoire.

46°16′20″N 72°30′38″W﻿ / ﻿46.27222°N 72.51056°W﻿ / 46.27222; -72.51056﻿ (Saint-Grégoire, Quebec)
Susan Edgerley
Susan Edgerley RCA (born 1960) is a Canadian artist known for her installation and sculptural works in glass and mixed media.

Her career began in 1984. In 2003, she was elected Honorary Member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. In 2019 she was the recipient of the Saidye Bronfman Award, part of the Canadian Governor General's Awards in Visual and Media Arts.

Her work is included in the collection of the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Canadian Museum of History and the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec.

Saidye Rosner Bronfman
Saidye Rosner Bronfman OBE (9 December 1896 – 6 July 1995) was a Canadian-Jewish philanthropist. Her husband, Samuel Bronfman (1891–1971), purchased Joseph E. Seagram and Sons Limited, that became the Seagram Company. The family took a leading role in the Canadian-Jewish community.
Lucas Sebastián Haedo
Lucas Sebastián Haedo (born 18 April 1983) is an Argentine former road racing cyclist from Chascomús, Buenos Aires. He competed as a professional from 2007 to 2018, for the Rock Racing, Saxo Bank–Tinkoff Bank, Cannondale, Skydive Dubai Pro Cycling, Team Jamis and UnitedHealthcare teams. He is the younger brother of fellow racing cyclist Juan José Haedo.

UnitedHealthcare Pro Cycling (men's team)
UnitedHealthcare Pro Cycling Team (UCI identifier: UHC) was a professional road bicycle racing team, run by Momentum Sports Group and based in the United States.  The team is sponsored principally by UnitedHealth Group.  It began at the end of 2009 as a reorganization of the OUCH Pro Cycling Team, with headlining cyclist Floyd Landis leaving the team.  The team folded at the end of the 2018 season, with the main sponsor transferring to Rally Cycling.
Asparuh Vasilev
Asparuh Vasilev  (Bulgarian: Аспарух Василев) (born 14 November 1981 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian football midfielder who currently plays for Slivnishki geroi.

Vasilev previously played for Spartak Varna and Akademik Sofia in the A PFG.

FC Slivnishki Geroy (Slivnitsa)
Football Club Slivnishki Geroy (Bulgarian: ФК "Сливнишки герой", lit. 'FC Hero of Slivnitsa') is a Bulgarian association football club based in Slivnitsa, Sofia Province, which competes in the South-West Third League. Their home ground since 1966 has been Slivnishki Geroy Stadium. The club has played in its traditional blue and white stripes throughout most of its history.
TaveRNA
taveRNA is a software suite for RNA/DNA secondary structure.  It is developed in the laboratories for computational biology of the School of Computing Science at the Simon Fraser University.  The suite is composed by alteRNA, for RNA density fold computing, inteRNA, for RNA-RNA interaction prediction, piRNA, for predicting the joint partition function, equilibrium concentration, ensemble energy, and melting temperature for two RNA sequences, pRuNA, a sequence based pruning RNA interaction search engine, and smyRNA, a platform independent C program novel ab initio ncRNA finder.

taveRNA is not related to the bioinformatics workflow system Apache Taverna.

Cross-platform software
Within computing, cross-platform software (also called multi-platform software, platform-agnostic software, or platform-independent software) is computer software that is designed to work in several computing platforms. Some cross-platform software requires a separate build for each platform, but some can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, being written in an interpreted language or compiled to portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all supported platforms.

For example, a cross-platform application may run on Linux, macOS and Microsoft Windows. Cross-platform software may run on many platforms, or as few as two. Some frameworks for cross-platform development are Codename One, ArkUI-X, Kivy, Qt, GTK, Flutter, NativeScript, Xamarin, Apache Cordova, Ionic, and React Native.
2011 Baltimore mayoral election
The  2011 Baltimore mayoral election was held on November 8, 2011. Because Baltimore's electorate is overwhelmingly Democratic, Stephanie Rawlings-Blake's victory in the Democratic primary on September 13, 2011 all but assured her of victory in the general election.

Safe seat
A safe seat is an electoral district which is regarded as fully secure, for either a certain political party, or the incumbent representative personally or a combination of both. With such seats, there is very little chance of a seat changing hands because of the political leanings of the electorate in the constituency concerned or the popularity of the incumbent member. This contrasts with a marginal seat in which a defeat for the seat holder is considered possible. In systems where candidates must first win the party's primary election or preselection, the phrase "tantamount to election" is often used to describe winning the dominant party's nomination for a safe seat.
Daniel Godbold
Daniel James Koro Godbold (born 3 September 1975) is a New Zealand former professional rugby union player.

A prop, Godbold was a New Zealand Under-21s and Divisional representative player.

Godbold, the 2000 King Country captain, was a surprise selection to John Mitchell's Chiefs squad for the 2001 Super 12 season and would feature once during their campaign, coming on off the bench against the Waratahs in Sydney.

New South Wales Waratahs
The New South Wales Waratahs (/ˈwɒrətɑːz/ or /ˌwɒrəˈtɑːz/;), often referred to as the Waratahs, are an Australian professional rugby union team based in Sydney that represents the majority of New South Wales in the Super Rugby Pacific competition. The Waratahs play their home games at the new Sydney Football Stadium.
Ernest Belcher
Major Ernest Albert Belcher CBE (1871–1949) was the Assistant general manager of the British Empire Exhibition which was held at Wembley in 1924 and 1925. He was leader of the 1922 tour around the world to promote this event. Agatha Christie and her husband Archie were members of this group and Christie mentions him in her notes and biographies. A 2013 book The Grand Tour: Around the World with the Queen of Mystery gives an outline of this tour and describes Major Belcher in depth.

Dorney
Dorney is a village and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England. It borders the River Thames to the west and south, and is bisected by the Jubilee River. In 2011 it had a population of 752. It is 2.3 miles (3.7 km) west of neighbouring Eton, which is a slightly larger parish.

It includes a Grade I listed manor house, Dorney Court, as well as the largest rowing lake in the south of England, Dorney Lake. Water accounts for 13% of the area of Dorney, the highest proportion in Buckinghamshire.
Thomas Weiland
Thomas Weiland (born 24 October 1951) is a German electrical engineer, physicist and entrepreneur. He is a professor of electrical engineering and headed the Institute of Electromagnetic Field Theory at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology of the Technical University of Darmstadt from 1989 to 2017. In 1988, Weiland was awarded the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize. He was also named an IEEE Fellow in the year 2012, for development of the finite integration technique and impact of the associated software on electromagnetic engineering.

Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology of TU Darmstadt
The Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (etit) is a department of the Technische Universität Darmstadt. It was the first faculty of electrical engineering in the world and offered the first course of study in electrical engineering.

As of 2018, the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology is one of the largest electrical engineering departments in Germany, with 29 professorships, approximately 250 scientific staff, and around 2,400 students across 10 study programs.

The history of the department is shaped by pioneers. Among the well-known graduates are for example John Tu, Kurt Heinrich Debus and Gerhard M. Sessler.
Signal peptide peptidase
In molecular biology, the Signal Peptide Peptidase (SPP) is a type of protein that specifically cleaves parts of other proteins. It is an intramembrane aspartyl protease with the conserved active site motifs 'YD' and 'GxGD' in adjacent transmembrane domains (TMDs). Its sequences is highly conserved in different vertebrate species. SPP cleaves remnant signal peptides left behind in membrane by the action of signal peptidase and also plays key roles in immune surveillance and the maturation of certain viral proteins.

Transmembrane domain
A transmembrane domain (TMD, TM domain) is a membrane-spanning protein domain.  TMDs may consist of one or several alpha-helices or a transmembrane beta barrel. Because the interior of the lipid bilayer is hydrophobic, the amino acid residues in TMDs are often hydrophobic, although proteins such as membrane pumps and ion channels can contain polar residues. TMDs vary greatly in size and hydrophobicity; they may adopt organelle-specific properties.
Final approach
In aeronautics, the final approach (also called the final leg and final approach leg) is the last leg in an aircraft's approach to landing, when the aircraft is lined up with the runway and descending for landing. In aviation radio terminology, it is often shortened to "final". The last section of the final approach is sometimes referred to as short final.

In a standard airport landing pattern, which is usually used under visual meteorological conditions (VMC), aircraft turns from base leg to final within one-half to two miles of the airport. For instrument approaches, as well as approaches into a controlled airfield under visual flight rules (VFR), often  a "straight-in" final approach is used, where all the other legs are dispensed within. Straight-in approaches are discouraged at non-towered airports in the United States.

Visual flight rules
In aviation, visual flight rules (VFR) is a set of regulations under which a pilot operates an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going. Specifically, the weather must be better than basic VFR weather minima, i.e., in visual meteorological conditions (VMC), as specified in the rules of the relevant aviation authority. The pilot must be able to operate the aircraft with visual reference to the ground, and by visually avoiding obstructions and other aircraft.

If the weather is less than VMC, pilots are required to use instrument flight rules, and operation of the aircraft will be primarily through referencing the instruments rather than visual reference. In a control zone, a VFR flight may obtain a clearance from air traffic control to operate as Special VFR.