hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
N-end rule
The N-end rule is a rule that governs the rate of protein degradation through recognition of the N-terminal residue of proteins. The rule states that the N-terminal amino acid of a protein determines its half-life (time after which half of the total amount of a given polypeptide is degraded). The rule applies to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, but with different strength, rules, and outcome. In eukaryotic cells, these N-terminal residues are recognized and targeted by ubiquitin ligases, mediating ubiquitination thereby marking the protein for degradation. The rule was initially discovered by Alexander Varshavsky and co-workers in 1986.  However, only rough estimations of protein half-life can be deduced from this 'rule', as N-terminal amino acid modification can lead to variability and anomalies, whilst amino acid impact can also change from organism to organism. Other degradation signals, known as degrons, can also be found in sequence.

Alexander Varshavsky
Alexander J. Varshavsky (Russian: Александр Яковлевич Варшавский; born 1946 in Moscow) is a Russian-American biochemist and geneticist. He works at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) as the Morgan Professor of Biology. Varshavsky left Russia in 1977, emigrating to United States.

His laboratory, initially at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and later at Caltech, has discovered, during the 1980s, the first degradation signals (degrons) in short-lived proteins and biological fundamentals of the ubiquitin system. His current research continues to focus on the ubiquitin system and N-degron pathways.
Alla (surname)
Alla is an Arab and Telugu surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albi Alla (born 1993), Albanian footballer

Hassane Alla (born 1980), Moroccan footballer

Alla Kali Krishna Das, Indian politician

Myslym Alla (1919–1999), Albanian footballer and manager

Alla Ramakrishna Reddy, Indian politician

Hassane Alla
Hassane Alla  (born 24 November 1980) is a Moroccan footballer who most recently played as a midfielder for French side US Boulogne.

Alla has represented the Morocco national football team 6 times. He also played for the local team, MC Oujda. He then played for Le Havre and Laval until 2017.
Nokia N75
The Nokia N75 is a clamshell-style mobile phone by Nokia, announced on September 26, 2006. It runs on Series 60 3rd Edition smartphone platform of the Symbian operating system. Nokia N75 has been made specifically for the American 3G market, supporting WCDMA/UMTS 850/1900 frequencies. It was the very first 3G Symbian as well as 3G Nokia handset to be provided by a major US carrier, with AT&T Mobility releasing it on May 3, 2007.

In addition to the US, the Nokia N75 was also available throughout the Americas in Argentina by CTI Movil, Chile by Entel, Colombia by Comcel, Dominican Republic by Claro, Mexico by Telcel, Puerto Rico by Claro and Venezuela by Movistar.

Claro (Dominican Republic)
Compañía Dominicana de Teléfonos, doing business as, Claro (formerly CODETEL), is the largest telecommunications company in the Dominican Republic. The company provides local, long-distance, and wireless voice services, as well as Internet and IPTV services, to approximately four million customers.
Albert R. Day
Albert R. Day (December 1861 -January 21, 1924) was an American educator and politician from Maine. Day, a Republican from Corinna, Penobscot County was Maine Senate President.

Day was a high school teacher and principal, eventually becoming Superintendent of Schools in Corinna. He left that profession in 1887, and in 1893 was elected to the Maine House of Representatives. In 1895, he was elected to the Maine Senate, and was re-elected in 1897, also becoming President of the Maine Senate that year.

Penobscot County, Maine
Penobscot County is a county in the U.S. state of Maine, named for the Penobscot people in Wabanakik. As of the 2020 census, the population was 152,199, making it the third-most-populous county in Maine. Its county seat is Bangor. The county was established on February 15, 1816, from part of Hancock County when the area was still part of Massachusetts. Penobscot County is home to the University of Maine.

Penobscot County comprises the Bangor, ME Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Paravur Synagogue
The Paravur Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת פראבור; Malayalam: പറവൂർ ജൂതപള്ളി), also known as the Parur Synagogue, is a former synagogue, located on Jewish Street in North Paravur (Parur), in the state of Kerala, India. The former synagogue is one of the largest and most complete among the Jewish synagogues in Kerala.

Built by the Malabar Jews, it has undergone successive phases of destruction and reconstruction. The present synagogue complex dates from 1616 CE, but it was built on top of a much older building speculated to have been constructed as early as 750 CE or 1105 CE, making it one of the oldest synagogues in India and the Commonwealth of Nations. The former synagogue is closed for worship. It has been renovated by the Government of Kerala and, in 2014, was opened to the public as the Kerala Jews History Museum, a Jewish museum.

Architecture of Kerala
Kerala architecture is a style of architecture found in the Indian state of Kerala, and in parts of the Tulu Nadu region of Karnataka. Kerala's architectural style includes a unique religious sanctuary architecture that emerged in southwestern India, and varies slightly from the Dravidian architecture observed in other parts of southern India. The architecture of Kerala is derived from the Indian Vedic architectural tradition and forms a part of Dravidian architecture, one of the three styles of temple mentioned in the ancient books on Vastu shastra. The Tantrasamuchaya, Thachu Sastra, Manushyalaya Chandrika, and Silparatna are all architectural treatises that have had an impact on the architecture of Kerala. The Manushyalaya Chandrika, a work devoted to domestic architecture, has its roots in Kerala. In the Malabar Coast due to history of coastal trade, the Islamic architecture and Christian architecture harmoniously blends with indigenous Kerala architecture styles.
Lou Fleischer
Lou Fleischer (/ˈflaɪʃər/; July 16, 1891 – November 16, 1985) was an American arranger, composer, and the brother of Max and Dave Fleischer. He was the head of the Fleischer Studios Music Department until the company was reorganized as Famous Studios in 1942. He is thought to have been the voice of J. Wellington Wimpy in I Wanna Be a Lifeguard from the Popeye film series in 1936. But he denied ever having sung or spoken for the cartoons.

Following his dismissal at the changeover to Famous Studios, Fleischer worked as a Lens Grinder for the World War II effort, and later worked for the Army Signal Corps Film Unit in New York.  For a short period in the 1940s he did scoring for George Pal and taught piano while residing in Redondo Beach, California until his retirement in the late 1960s. He died in 1985.

J. Wellington Wimpy
J. Wellington Wimpy, generally referred to as Wimpy, is a character in the comic strip Popeye, created by E. C. Segar, and in the Popeye cartoons based upon the strip. Wimpy debuted in the strip in 1931 and was one of the dominant characters in the newspaper strip, but when Popeye was adapted as an animated cartoon series by Fleischer Studios, Wimpy became a minor character; Dave Fleischer said that the character in the original Segar strip was "too smart" to be used in the film cartoon adaptations. Wimpy appears in Robert Altman's 1980 live-action musical film Popeye, played by Paul Dooley.
Wild Horse Lake (Oklahoma)
Wild Horse Lake is a playa lake located in Texas County, Oklahoma. The lake is west of Hooker, east of Hough, just south of the Oklahoma-Kansas border, off State Highway 136.

The lake was the location of the infamous Hay Meadow Massacre (July 1888) in which one faction in the county seat fight in Stevens County, Kansas, killed four members of the opposing faction. Since the killings took place in what was then No Man's Land, no court had jurisdiction over the crime. The lake was also the subject of Oklahoma case law in reference to water appropriations—Depuy V. Hoeme (1980 OK 26, 611 P.2d 228).

County seat war
A county seat war is an American phenomenon that occurred mainly in the Old West as it was being settled and county lines determined. Incidents elsewhere, such as in Michigan, Appalachian Ohio, and West Virginia, have also been recorded.  As new towns sprang up and county lines were drawn, there was intense competition for the status and tax benefits bestowed by becoming a county seat.  These "wars" often involved nothing more than lining up at the ballot box, but sometimes partisans for a particular town would resort to voter fraud, intimidation, violence, or even killings.
Ellery Queen's Penthouse Mystery
Ellery Queen's Penthouse Mystery is a 1941 American mystery film directed by James P. Hogan and written by Eric Taylor. It is based on the 1939 play The Three Scratches by Ellery Queen. The film stars Ralph Bellamy, Margaret Lindsay, Charley Grapewin, Anna May Wong, James Burke and Eduardo Ciannelli. The film was released on March 24, 1941, by Columbia Pictures.

James P. Hogan (director)
James Patrick Hogan (commonly referred to as simply James Hogan) (September 21, 1890 in Lowell, Massachusetts – November 4, 1943 in North Hollywood, California) was an American filmmaker.
The films Hogan directed include Bulldog Drummond's Secret Police (1939) and The Mad Ghoul (1943), his last film. He died from a heart attack aged 53.
Henry II, Margrave of Istria
Henry II, Margrave of Istria (sometimes called Henry IV), born c.1175 and died 18 July 1228 in Slovenj Gradec (Windischgraz), was a noble from the House of Andechs who ruled the March of Istria and Carniola from 1204 to 1228. He inherited the County of Stein (Kamnik in Upper Carniola), and expanded his domains to the Windic March through marriage. He died childless, and his vast possessions were eventually inherited by his niece Agnes of Merania.

Kamnik
Kamnik (pronounced [ˈkáːmnik] ⓘ; German: Stein or Stein in Oberkrain) is the ninth-largest town of Slovenia, located in the traditional province of Upper Carniola (northern Slovenia). It is the seat of the Municipality of Kamnik, which encompasses a large part of the Kamnik Alps and the surrounding area. The town of Kamnik has three castles as well as many examples of historical architecture.
Op. 129
In music, Op. 129 stands for Opus number 129. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Beethoven – Rage Over a Lost Penny

Schumann – Cello Concerto

Shostakovich – Violin Concerto No. 2

Tveitt – Piano Sonata No. 29

Cello Concerto (Schumann)
The Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 129, by Robert Schumann was completed in a period of only two weeks, between 10 October and 24 October 1850, shortly after Schumann became the music director at Düsseldorf.

The concerto was never played in Schumann's lifetime. It was premiered on 23 April 1860, four years after his death, in Oldenburg, with Ludwig Ebert as soloist.

The length of a typical performance is about 25 minutes.
Belostok Oblast
Belostok Oblast (Russian: Белостокская область; Polish: Obwód białostocki) was an administrative-territorial unit (oblast) of the Russian Empire with its capital in Belostok (Białystok). The region today is now mostly part of Poland.

Bielsk County
Bielsk County (Polish: powiat bielski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bielsk Podlaski, which lies 39 kilometres (24 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok. The only other town in the county is Brańsk, lying 25 km (16 mi) west of Bielsk Podlaski.

The county covers an area of 1,385.2 square kilometres (534.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 54,590, out of which the population of Bielsk Podlaski is 25,290, that of Brańsk is 3,767, and the rural population is 25,533.
Vermilion Valley Conference
The Vermilion Valley Conference  is a high school conference in east-central Illinois, in the United States. The conference participates in athletics and activities in the Illinois High School Association. The conference comprises 13 small public high schools and one small private school, with enrollments between 100 and 400 students in Edgar, Iroquois and Vermilion counties.

Vermilion County, Illinois
Vermilion County is a county in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Illinois, between the Indiana border and Champaign County. It was established in 1826 and was the 45th of Illinois' 102 counties. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 74,188. It contains 21 incorporated settlements; the county seat and largest city is Danville.

Vermilion County is part of the Danville, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the larger Champaign–Urbana–Danville combined statistical area.
Eurasia Canal
The Eurasia Canal (Канал "Евразия", Kanal "Evraziya") is a proposed 700-kilometre-long (430 mi) canal connecting the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea along the Kuma-Manych Depression. Currently, a chain of lakes and reservoirs and the shallow irrigation Kuma–Manych Canal are found along this route. If completed the canal would also link several landlocked countries in Asia with the open seas through the Bosphorus. If completed, the Eurasian Canal will become the second longest canal in the world after the Grand Canal in China (1776 km long).

The canal is intended to provide a shorter route for shipping than the existing Volga–Don Canal system of waterways; it would also require fewer locks (or lower-rise locks) than the Volga-Don route.

Manych Ship Canal is the existing canal system that would be the likely route for the Eurasian Canal.

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
Collette Coullard
Collette René Coullard is an American mathematician, industrial engineer, operations researcher, and matroid theorist known for her research on combinatorial optimization problems that combine facility location and stock management. Formerly a professor at Purdue University, the University of Waterloo, Northwestern University, and Lake Superior State University, she has retired to become a professor emeritus.

Inventory management (business)
Inventory management, also known as field inventory management, is the task of understanding the range and quantities of inventory (or "stock") held by a company and the handling of the different demands placed on that stock. The demands are influenced by both external and internal factors and are balanced by the creation of purchase order requests to keep supplies at a reasonable or prescribed level. Inventory management is important for every business enterprise. It includes tasks related to setting and reviewing inventory targets efficiently.
Gerald Hill (politician)
Gerald Irvine Hill (February 1, 1919 – February 22, 1997) was an insurance company executive and politician in Newfoundland. He represented Labrador South from 1962 to 1971 in the Newfoundland House of Assembly.

The son of Captain Sidney and Sophie Hill, he was born in Wesleyville and was educated at Prince of Wales College and Acadia University. He joined Confederation Life in 1942; in 1961, he became manager for the Newfoundland division. He was elected to the Newfoundland assembly by acclamation in a 1962 by-election held following the death of George Sellars. He was reelected in 1962 and 1966 and served in the Newfoundland cabinet as a minister without portfolio from 1968 to 1971. After he retired from Confederation Life in 1975, Hill continued to work as a self-employed insurance and business consultant.

He died in 1997.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
1995–96 County Antrim Shield
The 1995–96 County Antrim Shield was the 107th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Glenavon won the tournament for the 2nd time, defeating Crusaders 3–0 in the final. For the 10th year running three clubs from County Armagh competed (Glenavon, Newry Town and Portadown).

County Antrim Shield
The County Antrim & District Football Association Senior Shield (more commonly known as the County Antrim Shield) is a football competition in Northern Ireland. The competition is open to senior teams who are members of the North East Ulster Football Association (also known as the County Antrim & District Football Association) (membership of which extends geographically beyond County Antrim itself), often plus intermediate teams who qualify via the Steel & Sons Cup, depending on the numbers required. For the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, only the winners took part.

The current Shield holders are Carrick Rangers, who beat Cliftonville 4-2 on penalties in the 2025–26 final, winning the trophy for the first time since the 1992–93 season.
58th Berlin International Film Festival
The 58th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from February 7 to February 17, 2008. The festival opened with Martin Scorsese's documentary film Shine a Light. Be Kind Rewind by Michel Gondry served as the closing film. Greek filmmaker Costa Gavras, was selected to serve as the Jury President for the main competition.

The Golden Bear was awarded to Elite Squad directed by José Padilha. The retrospective dedicated to Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel was shown at the festival.

Be Kind Rewind
Be Kind Rewind is a 2008 buddy comedy film written and directed by Michel Gondry and starring Jack Black, Mos Def, Danny Glover, Mia Farrow, and Melonie Diaz with supporting roles done by Chandler Parker, Irv Gooch, Arjay Smith, Marcus Carl Franklin, Blake Hightower, and Amir Ali Said. It tells the story of an employee at the titular VHS rental store and his conspiracy theorist friend, who work to recreate the rental store's film inventory after they were accidentally erased when the latter got himself magnetized while the proprietor was away. The film first appeared on January 20, 2008, at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival. It was later shown at the Berlin International Film Festival. The film opened on February 22, 2008, in the United Kingdom and in North America.

The title is inspired by a phrase that was commonly displayed on video rental cassettes in America during the medium's heyday.

The film was met with mixed reviews.
Tsunao Okumura
Tsunao Okumura (奥村 綱雄, Okumura Tsunao) (5 March 1903 - 7 November 1972) was the president of Nomura Securities from 1948 - 1959. He served as the King of Japanese stockbroking in the 1950s.

Born as the son of a wealthy confectioner, Okumura exhibited little ambition early in life. At the age of nineteen, he enrolled in Kyoto University where he enjoyed the luxuries afforded to a privileged student as such. His father granted him a monthly allowance of 100 Yen, a substantial sum in an era where twenty yen could provide a comfortable lifestyle. Preferring leisure over academics pursuits, he dedicated much of his time frequenting Kyoto's dance halls, with his affluent peers. Despite graduating with mediocre grades and facing initial rejection from banks such as Mitsubishi, Mitsui, and Yamaguchi, Okumura secured a position in Nomura's research department through personal connections.

Yamaguchi Bank
The Yamaguchi Bank, Ltd. (山口銀行, Yamguchi ginkō) is a Japanese regional bank, primarily in the Yamaguchi Prefecture. It has 156 branches and offices in Japan and four overseas offices.

The bank's history dates back to 1878 when its predecessor, the Hyakuju (110th) National Bank was founded.
Cleveland Freeze
Cleveland Freeze was a professional indoor soccer team based in the Cleveland, suburb of North Olmsted, Ohio. They began play in the Professional Arena Soccer League (PASL) for the 2013–14 PASL season. The Freeze hired Hector Marinaro, the all-time leader in points and goals in professional indoor soccer, as their head coach on September 24, 2013. Their mascot is the Abominable Snowman.

Major Arena Soccer League
The Major Arena Soccer League (MASL) is a professional indoor soccer league in North America. The MASL features teams playing coast-to-coast in the United States and Mexico. The league is the highest level of arena soccer in North America. The league draws talent from a global talent pool with players from Major League Soccer (MLS), Liga MX, and many national teams. With a new management team, the league has grown in popularity and commercially. Former USMNT and MLS star Landon Donovan played in the MASL, as do multiple international players.
Consent decree
A consent decree is an agreement or settlement that resolves a dispute between two parties without admission of guilt (in a criminal case) or liability (in a civil case). Most often it is such a type of settlement in the United States. The plaintiff and the defendant ask the court to enter into their agreement, and the court maintains supervision over the implementation of the decree in monetary exchanges or restructured interactions between parties. It is similar to and sometimes referred to as an antitrust decree, stipulated judgment, or consent judgment. Consent decrees are frequently used by federal courts to ensure that businesses and industries adhere to regulatory laws in areas such as antitrust law, employment discrimination, and environmental regulation.

Employment discrimination
Employment discrimination is a form of illegal discrimination in the workplace based on legally protected characteristics. In the U.S., federal anti-discrimination law prohibits discrimination by employers against employees based on age, race, gender, sex (including pregnancy, sexual orientation, and gender identity), religion, national origin, and physical or mental disability. State and local laws often protect additional characteristics such as marital status, veteran status and caregiver/familial status. Earnings differentials or occupational differentiation—where differences in pay come from differences in qualifications or responsibilities—should not be confused with employment discrimination. Discrimination can be intended and involve disparate treatment of a group or be unintended, yet create disparate impact for a group.