hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cruciger
Cruciger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elisabeth Cruciger (c. 1500–1535), author of the early Protestant hymn "Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn"

Caspar Cruciger the Elder (1504–1548), German humanist

Caspar Cruciger the Younger (1525–1597), German theologian

Elisabeth Cruciger
Elisabeth Cruciger (also spelled Kreuziger, Creutziger etc.; née von Meseritz) (c. 1500 – 2 May 1535), a German writer, was the first female poet and hymnwriter of the Protestant Reformation and a friend of Martin Luther.
1844 in birding and ornithology
Death of Adolphe-Simon Neboux

Richard Owen describes Anomalopteryx and publishes  History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds (1844–1846)

Graceanna Lewis (1821–1912) writes and illustrates A Natural History of Birds

Death of Gaetano Savi

Jerdon's leafbird described by Edward Blyth

Johann Jakob von Tschudi publishes Untersuchungen uber die Fauna Perus (1844–47)

George Robert Gray  publishes Genera of Birds (1844–49), illustrated by David William Mitchell and Joseph Wolf

Death of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire

Fauna Japonica Aves commenced (1844–1850)

Johann Jakob Kaup publishes Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel

Last great auk killed 3 July 1844 on Eldey, Iceland

Pierre Adolphe Delattre publishes Ornithologie d'Europe Douai

Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (French pronunciation: [etjɛn ʒɔfʁwa sɛ̃t‿ilɛʁ]; 15 April 1772 – 19 June 1844) was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition".  He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories.  Geoffroy's scientific views had a transcendental flavor (unlike Lamarck's materialistic views) and were similar to those of German morphologists like Lorenz Oken. He believed in the underlying unity of organismal design, and the possibility of the transmutation of species in time, amassing evidence for his claims through research in comparative anatomy, paleontology, and embryology. He is considered as a predecessor of the evo-devo evolutionary concept.
Tariq ibn Ziyad
Tariq ibn Ziyad (Arabic: طارق بن زياد Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād; c. 670 – c. 720), also known simply as Tarik in English, was an Umayyad commander who initiated the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (present-day Spain and Portugal) against the Visigothic Kingdom in 711–718 AD. He led an army and crossed the Strait of Gibraltar from the North African coast, consolidating his troops at what is today known as the Rock of Gibraltar. The name "Gibraltar" is the Spanish derivation of the Arabic name Jabal Ṭāriq (جبل طارق), meaning 'mountain of Tariq', which is named after him.

Ibn Abd al-Hakam
Abu'l Qāsim ʿAbd ar-Raḥman bin ʿAbdullah bin ʿAbd al-Ḥakam (Arabic: أبو القاسم عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم), generally known simply as Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam (ابن عبد الحكم; 801 AD – 257 AH / 871 AD) was a Sunni Muslim historian and jurist from Fustat, Egypt. He wrote a work generally known as " The Conquest of Egypt and North Africa and al-Andalus" (Arabic: فتوح مصر والمغرب والاندلس, Futūḥ mișr wa'l-maghrib wa'l-andalus). This work is considered one of the earliest Islamic Arabic-language histories to have survived to the present day.
João Paulo Bravo
João Paulo Pereira Bravo (born January 7, 1979) is a Brazilian professional volleyball coach and former player. He is currently an assistant coach for the Canadian men's national team and the Turkish club Arkas Spor.

Canada men's national volleyball team
The Canada men's national volleyball team represents Canada in international volleyball competitions. They are overseen by Volleyball Canada, the governing body for volleyball in Canada.

The team placed fourth place at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles and three bronze medals at the Pan American Games in 1979, 1999 and 2015. They have participated in four Olympic Games, including most recently a fifth-place finish at Rio 2016, after returning to the Games following a quarter-century absence.
Canada hosted the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto where they beat Puerto Rico for the bronze medal. Canada competed at the FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup in 2015 for the first time in 12 years, finishing seventh. They last appeared in 2003, also finishing seventh. They finished joint-seventh at the 2014 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship.
Nicolae Dabija (writer)
Nicolae Dabija (15 July 1948 – 12 March 2021) was a writer, literary historian, and politician from the Republic of Moldova, honorary member of the Romanian Academy (from 2003) and corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (from 2012).

Academy of Sciences of Moldova
The Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Romanian: Academia de Științe a Moldovei), established in 1961, is the main scientific organization of Moldova and coordinates research in all areas of science and technology. Ion Tighineanu has been the president of the Academy of Sciences since 9 April 2019.
Tasa de Gamboa
Tasa de Gamboa or Rate of Gamboa was a money tax rate applied to the indigenous peoples in the Captaincy General of Chile by the Governor Martin Ruiz de Gamboa, in place of the tribute of personal service in the encomienda system, as desired by the kings of Spain.  It replaced the Tasa de Santillán in an effort to end the abuses of the tribute of personal service.

Royal Governor of Chile
The royal governor of Chile ruled over the Spanish colonial administrative district called the Captaincy General of Chile, and as a result the royal governor also held the title of a captain general. There were 66 such governors or captains during the Spanish conquest and the later periods of Spanish-centered colonialism. Since the first Spanish–Mapuche parliaments in the 17th century it became an almost mandatory tradition for each governor to arrange a parliament with the Mapuches.
The Chestnut Tree
The Chestnut Tree is a short film which made its debut at the Laemmle Sunset 5 and then showed in the Austin Film Festival and the San Diego Asian Film Festival. It is a 2-D hand-drawn short film about a little girl and her mother that revisit memories under the chestnut tree. It is animated by Hyun-min Lee.

Austin Film Festival
Austin Film Festival (AFF), founded in 1994, is an organization in Austin, Texas, that focuses on writers' creative contributions to film. Initially, AFF was called the Austin Heart of Film Screenwriters Conference and functioned to launch the careers of screenwriters, who historically have been underrepresented within the film industry.

AFF is known for its annual October Austin Film Festival & Conference, which is an Oscar-qualifying film festival. The Conference was the first event of its kind, bringing professional and amateur screenwriters together to celebrate the role of screenplays in filmmaking and host conversations focusing on craft and on particular films and television series. In addition, the Screenplay Competition receives more entries than any other competition in the world.  Several competition finalists and semi-finalists have made sales or found managers and agents at the conference.
Arthur Philpotts
Arthur Stephens Philpotts (13 October – 12 August 1920) was a British naval officer and politician.

Born at Bishopstowe in Torquay, Philpotts was educated at Chudleigh Grammar School, and then the Royal Academy, Gosport. He joined the Royal Navy in 1858.

He was serving on-board HMS Bombay as a sub-lieutenant when the ship caught fire and sank off Montevideo in December 1864 with the loss of 92 crew. He serving with the British expedition to Abyssinia, winning a mention in dispatches. He also served in the suppression of the African slave trade.

He became a commander in 1880 and was a divisional officer in the coastguard from 1882 until 1888. He retired in 1895, gaining appointment as a captain.
In the 1895 UK general election, Philpotts was elected for the Conservative Party in Torquay, serving until his retirement in 1900.

Chudleigh
Chudleigh (/ˈtʃʌdli/) is an ancient wool town located within the Teignbridge District Council area of Devon, England; it is sited between Newton Abbot and Exeter. The electoral ward with the same name had a population of 5,919 at the 2021 census.

The name Chudleigh is derived from either the Old English cieddalēah meaning 'Ciedda's wood or clearing', or cēodlēah meaning 'bag wood or clearing', probably referring to a hollow.
Virtual Riot
Christian Valentin Brunn (born 20 July 1994), better known by his stage name Virtual Riot, is a German DJ and electronic music producer. He has released seventeen extended plays and two studio albums, most notably his 2016 extended play Chemistry, which peaked at 20 on Billboard's Dance/Electronic Albums charts and 2018's extended play German Engineering, which peaked at No. 11 on the Dance/Electronic Digital Song Sales chart. He was signed to the independent music label Disciple Recordings in 2014. On 16 April 2019, he announced a publishing deal with Skrillex's OWSLA.

Owsla
Owsla (/ˈaʊslə/ OWSS-lə; stylized in all caps) is an American record label and creative collective. It was founded by Skrillex, Tim Smith, Kathryn Frazier, and Clayton Blaha in 2011. Skrillex announced the label on August 17, 2011. The label's first release was Porter Robinson's Spitfire.

The name "Owsla" is a reference to Richard Adams' fantasy novel Watership Down, in which it refers to the governing caste in a society of wild rabbits.
Norman Thomas (Australian politician)
Norman Thomas (born 14 March 1894, date of death unknown) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Byrock to grazier Charles Edward Thomas and Mary Jane, née Patterson. He attended public schools at Narromine, Parramatta and Kensington before studying at Stott and Hoare's Business College. He worked various jobs including a jackeroo at Trangie, a station overseer at Walgett, and a sheep farmer. From 1916 to 1919 he served in the Australian Flying Corps as an air mechanic. On 8 March 1924 he married Josephine Fagan, with whom he had three daughters. Thomas moved to Bondi around 1930 as an investor and property owner. In 1932 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the United Australia Party member for Bondi, serving until his defeat in 1941. He served in the Royal Australian Air Force from 1940 to 1945 as a flight lieutenant.

Jackaroo
A jackaroo or jackeroo is a young man (feminine equivalent jillaroo or jilleroo) working on a sheep or cattle station to gain practical experience in the skills needed to become an owner, overseer, manager, etc. The word originated in Queensland, Australia, in the 19th century and is still in use in Australia and New Zealand in the 21st century. The Nuttall Encyclopedia (1909, 1920) defines the term as "name given in Australia to a green-horn from England inexperienced in bush life".
Sigalda Power Plant
Sigalda Power Plant (Icelandic: Sigöldustöð [ˈsɪːɣˌœltʏˌstœːθ]; "Sigalda station" [ˈsɪːɣˌalta]) is an electric generating plant located in the southern Highlands of Iceland near Þórisvatn. It is the biggest reservoir in Iceland, located around 160 km east from Reykjavík, among Hrauneyjalón and Krókslón reservoirs. It was officially launched early 1978. This power plant is the newest of six other hydroelectric plants (Búrfell, Búðarháls, Vatnsfell, Sultartangi, Hrauneyjafoss). Its construction was quick. It created demand for more hydropower plants to meet electricity needs in the country. The plant is owned by the national power company of Iceland, Landsvirkjun.

Landsvirkjun
Landsvirkjun, (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈlan(t)sˌvɪr̥cʏn]) the National Power Company of Iceland, is Iceland's largest electricity generator. Landsvirkjun operates 21 power plants in Iceland concentrated across five main operational areas.
Jumbo Cove
Jumbo Cove (54°10′S 36°33′W﻿ / ﻿54.167°S 36.550°W﻿ / -54.167; -36.550) is a cove 0.5 nautical miles (1 km) southeast of Busen Point on the north coast of South Georgia. It was charted and named by Discovery Investigations personnel during the period 1926–30.

Discovery Investigations
The Discovery Investigations were a series of scientific cruises and shore-based investigations into the biology of whales in the Southern Ocean. They were funded by the British Colonial Office and organised by the Discovery Committee in London, which was formed in 1918. They were intended to provide the scientific background to stock management of the commercial Antarctic whale fishery.

Discovery Investigations contributed greatly to knowledge of the whales, the krill they fed on and their habitat's oceanography, while charting the local topography, including Atherton Peak. They continued until 1951, with the final report published in 1980.

Collected specimens are in the Discovery Collections.
Oleksandr Riabokrys
Oleksandr Mykhailovych Riabokrys (Ukrainian: Олександр Михайлович Рябокрис) (born June 1, 1952) is a current director of the documentary film department of the National Television Company of Ukraine, and laureate of the Vasyl Stus Prize.

Television in Ukraine
Television has a long history in Ukraine, where regular television broadcasting started during the Soviet years in 1951. However the first ever TV broadcast took place on 1 February 1939 in Kyiv. Since then TV broadcasting has expanded, particularly after the fall of Communism in 1989, and now there are many different channels and groups in the Ukrainian TV market.
Hans Gottfried Dethloff
Hans Gottfried Dethloff (18 July 1871 – 15 January 1948) was a Norwegian ophthalmologist.

He was born in Kristiania as a son of merchant Frantz Heinrich Dethloff (1829–1894) and Johanne Andrea Mathilde Wang. He was a younger brother of philatelist Henrik Dethloff. In 1898 he married physician Elise Stoltz, thus becoming brother-in-law of Gerhard Stoltz.

He finished his secondary education in 1889 and graduated from the Royal Frederick University in 1897 with the cand.med. degree. From 1898 he was a practising ophthalmologist in his wife's hometown Bergen. He edited the journal Medicinsk Revy from 1907 to 1916, and was also a secretary for the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted from 1909. He was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav. He died in June 1938.

Examen artium
Examen artium was the name of the academic certification conferred in Denmark and Norway, qualifying the student for admission to university studies. Examen artium was originally introduced as the entrance exam of the University of Copenhagen in 1630. The University of Copenhagen was the only university of Denmark-Norway until The Royal Frederick University in Christiania was founded in 1811.

In Norway, examen artium was formally discontinued after the 1982 class (but the term is still sometimes used informally to denote the diploma from today's videregående skole).
Lam Sam Kaeo
Lam Sam Kaeo (Thai: ลำสามแก้ว, pronounced [lām sǎːm kɛ̂ːw]) is a town (thesaban mueang) in Lam Luk Ka District (amphoe), Pathum Thani Province, in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region of central Thailand. In 2014, it had a population of 63,271.

Pathum Thani province
Pathum Thani (Thai: ปทุมธานี, pronounced [pā.tʰūm tʰāːnīː]) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise): Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok, Chachoengsao, Bangkok, and Nonthaburi.

The province is north of Bangkok and is part of the Bangkok metropolitan area. In many places, the boundary between the two provinces is not noticeable as both sides of the boundary are equally urbanized. Pathum Thani town is the administrative seat, but Ban Rangsit, seat of Thanyaburi district, is the largest populated place in the province.

Pathum Thani is an old province, heavily populated by the Mon people, dotted with 186 temples and parks. The Dream World amusement park is here.
Strategic Railway Embankment
51°04′44″N 6°42′30″E﻿ / ﻿51.0789°N 6.7083°E﻿ / 51.0789; 6.7083

The Strategic Railway Embankment (German: Strategischer Bahndamm) is a railway line between the Ruhr and the south-western border of Germany, which was never finished. This name is derived from the section of this line that runs over a railway embankment between Neuss and Rommerskirchen, which was built as part of the northern section of the line.

Neuss
Neuss (German pronunciation: [nɔʏs] ⓘ; written Neuß until 1968; Limburgish: Nüss [ˈnʏs]; Latin: Novaesium) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on the west bank of the Rhine opposite Düsseldorf. Neuss is the largest city within the Rhein-Kreis Neuss district. It is primarily known for its historic Roman sites, as well as the annual Neusser Bürger-Schützenfest. Neuss and Trier share the title of "Germany's oldest city", and in 1984 Neuss celebrated the 2000th anniversary of its founding in 16 BCE.
Danny (Finnish singer)
Ilkka Johannes Lipsanen (born 24 September 1942), commonly known by his stage name Danny, is a Finnish singer and guitarist.

Still active, Danny's singing career is one of the longest in Finland, spanning over more than 50 years. He has recorded many evergreen hit songs.

He achieved some notoriety outside Finland in 2006 when the music video for his 1978 duet with the late Armi Aavikko, "Tahdon olla sulle hellä", sung in English as "I Wanna Love You Tender", became an internet meme. Designed as a loose parody of the hit film Grease, the video's choreography was apparently intended to be "erotic and tantalizing" but in the eyes of many it principally succeeded in being hilarious.

Evergreen (media)
Within the context of journalism and broadcasting, evergreen content is content that is not time-sensitive. Evergreen content does not rely on current events; thus, an evergreen story can be prepared, then mothballed until it is needed to fill time on a slower news day or on a holiday when fewer journalists are on duty. The term is derived from evergreen trees.
Daseni
Dasini (Arabic: الداسنية al-Dāsinīyya; Kurdish: داسنی Dasnî) or Daseni, Tasini, Dasiki, is a Kurdish Yazidi tribe and ethnonym of Yazidis. The tribe resided near Mosul, Duhok, Sheikhan, Sinjar and all the way to the west bank of Greater Zab river.

There was also present of Daseni tribe in Homs Governorate, Syria. They were called Akrād Al-Daseniya "Daseni Kurds", who still spoke Kurdish for generations.

Kurmanji
Kurmanji (Kurdish: کورمانجی, romanized: Kurmancî, lit. 'Kurdish', pronunciationⓘ), also termed Northern Kurdish, is the northernmost of the Kurdish languages, spoken predominantly in southeast Turkey, northwest and northeast Iran, northern Iraq, northern Syria and the Caucasus and Khorasan regions. It is the most widely spoken form of Kurdish.

Kurmanji is also the common and ceremonial language of Yazidis. Their sacred book Mishefa Reş and all prayers are written and spoken in Kurmanji.

Ethnologue reports that the use of Kurmanji is declining in Turkey even when the language is used as a language of wider communication (LWC) by immigrants to Turkey, and that the language is threatened because it is losing speakers.
Egbert Richter-Ushanas
Egbert Richter (also publishing under the pen name of Richter-Ushanas, after uśánas, a Vedic rishi) is a German freelance writer and lecturer, author of self-published (Egbert Richter Verlag, registered in Bremen) treatises on Yoga, Vedanta, Esotericism and mythology, translations of some Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali as well as original poetry. 
In his 1992 decipherment claim of the Indus script, he argues that the script is "based very largely on intuition, and this quality is also required for reading it", likening the process of "decipherment" to meditation, concluding that the Rbhus, who Richter alleges were priests of the Harappan civilization, invented the Indus script under the influence of Sumerian cuneiform. Werner (1999) confesses himself "at a loss how to evaluate" Richter's work, admitting the author has thorough knowledge of the various sources he uses, but at the same time completely lacks academic method, discipline or experience.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
Nico and Dani
Nico and Dani (Spanish: Krámpack) is a 2000 Spanish Coming-of-age comedy film about the sexual awakening of two teenagers, as one comes to terms with his homosexuality and the other with his heterosexuality. The Spanish title refers to a form of mutual masturbation that the two practice.

It is a loose adaptation of an original screenplay by Spanish actor and screenwriter Jordi Sánchez

Filming took place in the Catalan town of Castelldefels and in various locations in the county of Garraf. The DVD offers short features on the making of the film, theater trailer, interviews with the actors and director, and two music videos made from the film. The film is unrated in its USA release.

Garraf
41°19′N 1°49′E﻿ / ﻿41.317°N 1.817°E﻿ / 41.317; 1.817

Garraf (Catalan pronunciation: [ɡəˈraf]), is a comarca (county) in the Penedès region in Catalonia, Spain. It is named after the Garraf Massif. The capital is the city of Vilanova i la Geltrú.

The GR 92 long-distance footpath, which roughly follows the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, has a staging point at Garraf. Stage 21 links northwards to Bruguers, a distance of 15.6 kilometres (9.7 mi), whilst stage 22 links southwards to Vilanova i la Geltrú, a distance of 22.0 kilometres (13.7 mi).
Repalle revenue division
Repalle revenue division is an administrative division in the Bapatla district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the three revenue divisions in the district and comprises nine mandals. It was formed on 4 April 2022 along with the newly formed Bapatla district.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
1945–46 Houston Cougars men's basketball team
The 1945–46 Houston Cougars men's basketball team represented the University of Houston in the college basketball 1945–46 season. It was their inaugural year of season play.  The head coach for the Cougars was Alden Pasche, who was serving in his 1st year in that position.  The team played its home games at Public School Fieldhouse on-campus in Houston and were members of the Lone Star Conference.  Houston captured its first conference regular season title, and competed in the postseason in the 1946 NAIA basketball tournament where they were defeated by eventual national runner-up Indiana State in the second round.

1946 NAIA basketball tournament
The 1946 NAIA basketball tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 9th annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format.

The championship game was won by Southern Illinois when the Salukis defeated the Indiana State Sycamores, 49-40.

Central Missouri State, the original National Champions, and first back-to-back National Champions, played in their final NAIA tournament, although they remained an NAIA member for another decade, leaving in the mid 1950s to join the NCAA. The Mules appeared seven tournaments recording an overall record of 13 wins and 6 losses. The Mules won two National Championships in 1937 and  1938 and finishing in 4th place in 1942.