hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Event data recorder
An event data recorder (EDR) (or motor vehicle event data recorder (MVEDR) or black box), is a device installed in some automobiles to record information related to traffic collisions. In the USA, EDRs must meet federal standards, as described within the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations.

The term generally refers to a simple, tamper-proof, read-write memory device. The role of the EDR is limited compared to journey data recorders such as digital tachographs in Europe or electronic logging device in the USA, which may also be referred to as a black box or in-vehicle data recorder.

In modern diesel trucks, EDRs are triggered by electronically sensed problems in the engine (often called faults), or a sudden change in wheel speed.  One or more of these conditions may occur because of an accident.  Information from these devices can be collected after a crash and analyzed to help determine what the vehicles were doing before, during and after the crash or event.

Black box
In science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a system which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs (or transfer characteristics), without any knowledge of its internal workings. Its implementation is "opaque" (black). The term can be used to refer to many inner workings, such as those of a transistor, an engine, an algorithm, the human brain, or an institution or government.

To analyze an open system with a typical "black box approach", only the behavior of the stimulus/response will be accounted for, to infer the (unknown) box. The usual representation of this "black box system" is a data flow diagram centered in the box.

The opposite of a black box is a system where the inner components or logic are available for inspection, which is most commonly referred to as a white box (sometimes also known as a "clear box" or a "glass box").
Hydrocarbons Licensing Directive Regulations 1995
The Hydrocarbons Licensing Directive Regulations 1995 (SI 1995/1434) is a UK statutory instrument that implements the Hydrocarbons Directive 1994 94/22/EC. It is relevant for UK enterprise law by determining the procedural steps that ought to be taken when a company is licensed to seek or extract oil and gas.

Statutory instrument (UK)
A statutory instrument (SI) is the principal form in which delegated legislation is made in the United Kingdom.

Statutory instruments are governed by the Statutory Instruments Act 1946. They replaced statutory rules and orders, made under the Rules Publication Act 1893, in 1948.

Most delegated legislation in Great Britain is made in the form of a statutory instrument (in Northern Ireland, delegated legislation is organised into statutory rules, rather than statutory instruments.) The advent of devolution in 1999 resulted in many powers to make statutory instruments being transferred to the Scottish and Welsh governments, and oversight to the Scottish Parliament and Senedd. Instruments made by the Scottish Government are now classed separately as Scottish statutory instruments. Instruments made by the Welsh Government are now classed separately as Welsh statutory instruments.
Cattle tick
Cattle tick can refer to any of several species of ticks that parasitize cattle, including:

Haemaphysalis longicornis, the Asian longhorned tick

Rhipicephalus annulatus, the North American cattle tick

Rhipicephalus microplus, the Asian blue tick

Haemaphysalis longicornis
Haemaphysalis longicornis, the Asian longhorned tick,
longhorned tick, bush tick, Asian tick, or cattle tick, is a parasitic arachnid belonging to the tick family Ixodidae. The Asian longhorned tick is a known livestock pest, especially in New Zealand, and can transmit a disease called theileriosis to cattle but not to humans. However, the tick has been associated with several other tickborne diseases in humans.

An unfed female is typically 2.0–2.6 mm long and 1.5–1.8 mm wide, and grows to 9.8 mm long and 8.2 mm wide with engorgement. Distinguishing a specimen from other members of the genus Haemaphysalis requires microscopic examination of minor physical characteristics.
Splatter guard
A splatter guard (or spatter guard) is a device placed over a frying pan to prevent hot oil from spitting out of the pan, which often happens when pan frying at a high temperature. This has two main purposes: droplets of hot oil can cause dangerous burns if they land on the skin, and, if they land elsewhere, can cause stains. Splatter guards are generally circular, so as to fit the shape of a frying pan, and have a handle for ease of removal and safety. They are normally made of a fine metal mesh or a metal sheet with numerous small holes, to allow steam to exit the pan but not oil. Other designs exist, such as the cone-shaped silicone Frywall, which allows for stirring and flipping while the food cooks.

Pan frying
Pan frying or pan-frying is a form of frying food characterized by the use of minimal cooking oil or fat (compared to shallow frying or deep frying), typically using just enough to lubricate the pan. In the case of a greasy food such as bacon, no oil or fats may need to be added. As a form of frying, the technique relies on oil or fat as the heat transfer medium, and on correct temperature and time to not overcook or burn the food. Pan frying can serve to retain the moisture in foods such as meat and seafood. The food is typically flipped at least once to ensure that both sides are cooked properly.
Manjacaze massacre
The Manjacaze massacre was a massacre of civilians in the town of Manjacaze, Gaza Province, Mozambique on the 10th of August, 1987. The massacre was carried out by a large number of RENAMO rebels against the lightly defended town with the final death toll being 92 civilians. Kidnappings, looting and destruction of infrastructure and property were widely reported. The massacre at Manjacaze occurred less than a month after the nearby Homoine Massacre and was a part of RENAMO’s campaign to cut the capital Maputo off from the rest of the country, however RENAMO denied responsibility for these attacks.

Gaza Province
Gaza is a province of Mozambique. It has an area of 75,709 km2 and a population of 1,422,460 (2017 census), which is the least populous of all the provinces of Mozambique. Xai-Xai is the capital of the province.

It borders Inhambane Province is to the east, Manica Province to the north, Maputo Province to the south, South Africa to the west, and Zimbabwe to the northwest.
Tetrahydrobenzaldehyde
1,2,3,6-Tetrahydrobenzaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula C6H9CHO.  This colorless liquid is formally a partially hydrogenated derivative of benzaldehyde.  It is produced by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein to butadiene.  It is of interest as a precursor to 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3′,4′-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, a useful resin and precursor to industrial coatings.  The conversion entails the Tishchenko reaction, i.e., base-catalyzed conversion to the ester followed by double epoxidation.

Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene (/ˌbjuːtəˈdaɪiːn/ ⓘ) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CH-CH=CH2. It is a colorless gas that is easily condensed to a liquid. It is important industrially as a precursor to synthetic rubber. The molecule can be viewed as the union of two vinyl groups. It is the simplest conjugated diene.

Butadiene undergoes chemical degradation in the atmosphere, but it can nevertheless be found in low levels in the air of urban and suburban areas due to emission by motor vehicles.

The name butadiene can also refer to the isomer, 1,2-butadiene, which is a cumulated diene with structure H2C=C=CH−CH3. This allene has no industrial significance.
Manasseh Maelanga
Manasseh Maelanga (born March 25, 1970) is a member of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands.  He represents East Malaita constituency.

In May 2009, he was named Minister for Provincial Government and Institutional Strengthening in Prime Minister Derek Sikua's government. Following the 2010 general election, he remained in Cabinet, under new Prime Minister Danny Philip, as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs.

Since 17 December 2014, he has served as Leader of the Independent Members in Parliament.

East Malaita constituency
East Malaita is a single-member constituency of the National Parliament of Solomon Islands. Located on the island of Malaita, it was established in 1973 when the Governing Council was expanded from 17 to 24 seats. It was abolished in 1993 when Parliament was expanded from 38 to 47 seats, but re-established in 1997 when a further three seats were added. Alfred Maetia, who served as MP for East Malaita between 1980 and 1993, was elected in Central Kwara'ae in the 1993 elections, but returned to contest the East Malaita seat in 1997.
Annika Roloff
Annika Roloff (born 10 March 1991) is a German athlete who specialises in the pole vault. She competed collegiately for the University of Akron, where she won the 2014 NCAA Pole Vault Championships.

She qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she finished in 21st place in the qualifying round and did not advance to the final. In 2011, she won a bronze medal at the European U23 Championships.

Akron Zips
The Akron Zips are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent the University of Akron in Akron, Ohio, United States. The Zips compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) East division.  Akron sponsors 17 varsity teams across six men's, 10 women's, and one coed NCAA sanctioned sports. The football team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), the highest level of competition for college football.
Leopard tree frog
The leopard tree frog (Boana pardalis) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, plantations, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forests, ponds, and canals and ditches.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Tornado Luxembourg
Tornado Luxembourg is a professional ice hockey team in Luxembourg City. The team sometimes plays in FFHG Division 2. However, they are not eligible for the championship because they are a foreign team.

Tornado also participates in the Luxembourg Championship and the Luxembourg Cup.

FFHG Division 2
FFHG Division 2 (Fédération Française de Hockey sur Glace Division 2 or French Ice Hockey Federation Division 2) is an amateur ice hockey league in France. It is the third of four levels of national ice hockey in France. The teams that end at the bottom of the table get relegated to FFHG Division 3 while the top get promoted to FFHG Division 1.
Vladimir Ilyushin
Vladimir Sergeyevich Ilyushin (Russian: Владимир Серге́евич Ильюшин; 31 March 1927 – 1 March 2010) was a Russian military officer and a test pilot in the former Soviet space program. Ilyushin was a son of the famous aviation designer Sergey Ilyushin, and  whose career was mostly as a test pilot for the Sukhoi OKB (a rival of Ilyushin OKB). After retiring from the space program, Ilyushin became a sports administrator and was inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame (then known as the IRB Hall of Fame) in 2013.

In 1961, Ilyushin was the subject of a conspiracy theory that he, rather than Yuri Gagarin, was the first cosmonaut in space. There is no evidence and no support for the theory.

Sukhoi
The JSC Sukhoi Company (Russian: АО «Компания „Сухой“», Russian pronunciation: [sʊˈxoj]) is a Russian aircraft manufacturer headquartered in Begovoy District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow, that designs both civilian and military aircraft.

Sukhoi was founded in the Soviet Union by Pavel Sukhoi in 1939 as the Sukhoi Design Bureau (OKB-51, design office prefix Su), and survived the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In February 2006, the Russian government merged Sukhoi with Mikoyan, Ilyushin, Irkut, Tupolev, and Yakovlev as a new company named United Aircraft Corporation.
Battle of Skanör
The battle of Skanör (in present-day Sweden) was fought during the War of the Outlaws on 9 July 1289.

Following the siege of Copenhagen in 1289, the town of Skanör was attacked by the Leidgang fleet of King Eric II.

The cities of Ven and Amager had been burned the day before by the Leidgang fleet.

Skanör would not suffer the same fate as the other cities; the Norwegian Chieftain Thord Krytter fell in the battle with 70 other men, but the town was not destroyed.

It is not known if Jacob Nielsen and Stig Andersen Hvide took part in the battle but it is known they were a part of the fleet; but it is not known if the whole fleet attacked.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Chelomophrynus
Chelomophrynus is an extinct genus of anurans in the family Rhinophrynidae. A single species is known, Chelomophrynus bayi from the Uintan Wagon Bed Formation of Wyoming. It was probably a subterranean feeder, like the modern member of the family, Rhinophrynus dorsalis. As most burrowing anurans, it likely used its hind feet for digging, thereby entering ground backwards.

Uintan
The Uintan North American Stage is the North American faunal stage, typically set from 46,200,000 to 42,000,000 years before present lasting 4.2 million years. The Uintan Stage is a key part of the North American Land Mammal Age. In the Uinta Basin, a thriving subtropical ecosystem was formed at around 46.0 million years ago. It falls within the Eocene epoch, preceded by the Bridgerian and followed by the Duchesnean NALMA stages. The Uinta Formation is a key piece of this geologic stage. Mammalian sabretooths evolved and became dominant predators in the now-Western United States. These included Apataelurus, Diegoaelurus, and Machaeroides.
Central Nacional de Inteligencia
Central Nacional de Inteligencia (National Intelligence Center, CNI) was one of the many intelligence agencies of Argentina. Its main mission was to permanently assist and coordinate the functions and operations of all the Argentine intelligence services.

The CNI did not have an official facility, but instead worked on the SIDE building in Buenos Aires. It had delegates from all the Federal Police, Military, Ministry of Foreign Relations, and Ministry of Economy intelligence services.

In 2001, it was merged into the reorganized Secretaría de Inteligencia, which is now the head and director of the National Intelligence System and does the CNI's job.

Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic
The Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic (Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas de la República Argentina) are the combined armed forces of Argentina. It is controlled by the Commander-in-Chief (the President) and a civilian Minister of Defense. In addition to the Army, Navy and Air Force, there are two security forces, controlled by the Ministry of Security, which can be mobilized on occasion of an armed conflict: the National Gendarmerie, a gendarmerie used to guard borders and places of strategic importance; and the Naval Prefecture, a coast guard used to protect internal major rivers and maritime territory.

Traditionally, Argentina maintains close defense cooperation and military-supply relationships with the United States  and to a lesser extent, with Israel, Canada, Germany, France, Spain, Belarus, Italy, and Russia.

As of 2024, the current Chief of the General Staff is the Air Force Brigadier General Xavier Isaac.
Étienne Jourdan
Étienne Jourdan (? – Paris, 9 March 1847), was a 19th-century French playwright, engraver and chansonnier.

An engraver, member of the caveau moderne, he wrote some theatre plays given at the Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique, the Théâtre du Vaudeville and the Théâtre de la Gaîté as well as a collection of songs of which the best known is La Goguette. Some of his couplets, published in the Paris press, were famous political diatribes.

Couplet
In poetry, a couplet (/ˈkʌplət/ CUP-lət) or distich (/ˈdɪstɪk/ DISS-tick) is a pair of successive lines that rhyme and have the same metre. A couplet may be formal (closed) or run-on (open).  In a formal (closed) couplet, each of the two lines is end-stopped, implying that there is a grammatical pause at the end of a line of verse. In a run-on (open) couplet, the meaning of the first line continues to the second.
1837 Belgian general election
Partial general elections were held in Belgium on Tuesday 13 June 1837 in which 51 of the 102 seats in the Chamber of Representatives were elected. Voter turnout was 56.0%, although only 24,526 people were eligible to vote. Under the alternating system, Chamber elections were only held in five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders. The Senate was not up for election.

This was the last election in which Luxembourg Province included the area of the modern Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; in 1839, under the stipulations of the Treaty of London, a portion of the province's constituency of Diekirch, along with the full constituencies of Luxembourg (roughly equal to modern Luxembourg City) and Grevenmacher, became parts of the independent Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

Namur Province
Namur (French: [namyʁ] ⓘ; Walloon: Nameur; Dutch: Namen [ˈnaːmə(n)] ⓘ) is a province of Wallonia, one of the three regions of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the West) on the Walloon provinces of Hainaut, Walloon Brabant, Liège and Luxembourg in Belgium, and the French department of Ardennes. Its capital and largest city is the city of Namur. As of January 2024, the province of Namur has a population of about 0.5 million.
AMSS
AMSS may stand for:

Metropolitan Area of San Salvador (Área Metropolitana de San Salvador)

Amarchand & Mangaldas & Suresh A Shroff & Co, an Indian law firm

Amplitude modulation signalling system, a digital system for adding information to AM broadcast signals

Ainsworth's Maternal Sensitivity Scale, a measure of maternal sensitivity

Aeronautical mobile-satellite service

Auto-Moto Association of Serbia, an FIA member organisation

Aeronautical mobile service
Aeronautical mobile service (short: AMS; also aeronautical mobile radiocommunication service) is a form of aviation communication conducted through radio. The ITU Radio Regulations divide AMS into communication used for civil air route flights (R) and off-route flights (OR). Aeronautical mobile (R) service is a so-called safety-of-life service, must be protected for interferences, and is an essential part of air traffic control. Communication occurs between radio stations onboard aircraft, termed aircraft stations, and terrestrial stations that are sometimes termed "aeronautical stations". Communication can also occur between aircraft. AMS is commonly used in air traffic control.
Bob Tasca III
Bob Tasca III is an American Funny Car driver and National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) team owner. He is notable for becoming the first drag racer to break the 340-mile-per-hour (550 km/h) barrier in a wheel-driven Funny Car, along with multiple national event wins and media coverage for his Ford Mustang efforts. Tasca was active as a driver from 2008 until early 2026 when he stood down in favour of team management.

National Hot Rod Association
The National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) is a governing body which sets rules in drag racing and hosts events all over the United States and Canada. With over 40,000 drivers in its rosters, the NHRA claims to be the largest motorsport sanctioning body in the world.

The association was founded by Wally Parks in 1951 in California to provide a governing body to organize and promote the sport of drag racing. NHRA's first Nationals was held in 1955, in Great Bend, Kansas. The NHRA Mission Foods Drag Racing Series, the national event series which comprises 24 races each year, is the premier series in drag racing that brings together the best drag racers from across North America and the world. The NHRA U.S. Nationals are now held at Lucas Oil Raceway in Brownsburg, Indiana and are officially called the U.S. Nationals. Winners of national events are awarded a trophy statue in honor of founder Wally Parks. The trophy is commonly referred to by its nickname, "The Wally".
Proving ground
A proving ground is an installation or reservation in which technology such as weapons, military tactics and automobile prototypes are experimented with or tested. Proving grounds can be operated by government bodies or civilian industries. They are distinct from military training areas which are run by the military and intended for the routine training and exercising of troops across the terrain.

Military tactics
Military tactics encompasses the art of organizing and employing fighting forces on or near the battlefield. They involve the application of four battlefield functions which are closely related – kinetic or firepower, mobility, protection or security, and shock action. Tactics are a separate function from command and control and logistics. In contemporary military science, tactics are the lowest of three levels of warfighting, the higher levels being the strategic and operational levels. Throughout history, there has been a shifting balance between the four tactical functions, generally based on the application of military technology, which has led to one or more of the tactical functions being dominant for a period of time, usually accompanied by the dominance of an associated fighting arm deployed on the battlefield, such as infantry, artillery, cavalry or tanks.
High-pressure steam locomotive
A high-pressure steam locomotive is a steam locomotive with a boiler that operates at pressures well above what would be considered normal for other locomotives.  Most locomotives operate with a steam pressure of 200 to 300 psi (1.38 to 2.07 MPa).  In the later years of steam, boiler pressures were typically 200 to 250 psi (1.38 to 1.72 MPa). High-pressure locomotives can be considered to start at 350 psi (2.41 MPa), when special construction techniques become necessary, but some had boilers that operated at over 1,500 psi (10.34 MPa).

Pascal (unit)
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is an SI coherent derived unit defined as one newton per square metre (N/m2). It is also equivalent to 10 barye (10 Ba) in the CGS system. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which is equal to one millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1,000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar.

The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101325 Pa.
Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, thus a standard atmosphere or typical sea-level air pressure is about 1,013 hPa. Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury or millibars (hectopascals). In Canada, these reports are given in kilopascals.