hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antoni Sobański
Antoni Marian Henryk Sobański (1 May 1898 – 13 April 1941) was a Polish journalist, writer and socialite. He is mainly associated with Wiadomości Literackie (a literary newspaper) and the liberal artistic bohemia of the Polish interwar period, including Skamander. He worked for both The Times and the BBC.

He is mentioned in many literary testimonies of the era, appearing in the works of Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz (Aleja Przyjaciół), Irena Krzywicka (Wyznania gorszycielki), Witold Gombrowicz (Wspomnienia polskie), Zofia Nałkowska (Dzienniki), Anna Iwaszkiewicz, and in the letters of Czesław Miłosz.

Socialite
A socialite is a person, typically a woman from a wealthy or aristocratic background, who is prominent in high society. A socialite generally spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings, instead of having traditional employment.
Dan Ladouceur
Dan "Big Dog" Ladouceur (born November 26, 1973, in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional lacrosse player in the National Lacrosse League, where he played with the Toronto Rock from 1999 to 2009. He won five NLL championships with the Rock before retiring during the 2009 season.

Outside of lacrosse, Ladouceur is a constable with the Durham Regional Police Service.

On August 6, 2013, Ladouceur was announced as an assistant coach of the Toronto Rock, alongside Blaine Manning.

National Lacrosse League
The National Lacrosse League (NLL) is a professional box lacrosse league in North America. The league comprises 14 teams – 7 in the United States and 7 in Canada. The NLL is headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The NLL ranks third in average attendance for pro indoor sports worldwide, behind only the National Hockey League (NHL) and National Basketball Association (NBA). Unlike other box lacrosse leagues, which play in the summer, the NLL plays its games in the winter and spring, from December to June. Each year, the playoff teams battle for the National Lacrosse League Cup. The NLL has averaged between 8,900 and 10,700 spectators per game each year since 2004.
382d Bombardment Group
The 382d Bombardment Group is a former United States Army Air Forces unit. It was last stationed at Camp Anza, California, where it was inactivated on 4 January 1946.  The group was active from 1942 to 1944 as a heavy bomber training unit.  It was reorganized as a very heavy bomber unit and trained for deployment overseas.  However, it arrived at its overseas station too late to see combat, and returned to the United States, where it was inactivated.

Operational - Replacement Training Units
Operational Training Units (OTU) and Replacement Training Units (RTU) were training organizations of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Unlike the schools of the Army Air Forces Training Command (AAFTC), OTU-RTU units were operational units of the four domestic numbered air forces along with I Troop Carrier Command and Air Transport Command, with the mission of final phase training new pilots or crews.  Most  were disbanded in the spring of 1944 and replaced by combat crew replacement centers assigned to base units.
Rhodamine 6G
Rhodamine 6G /ˈroʊdəmiːn/ is a highly fluorescent rhodamine family dye. It is often used as a tracer dye within water to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport.  Rhodamine dyes fluoresce and can thus be detected easily and inexpensively with instruments called fluorometers. Rhodamine dyes are used extensively in biotechnology applications such as fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and ELISA.

Fluorescence microscope
A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence instead of, or in addition to, scattering, reflection, and attenuation or absorption, to study the properties of organic or inorganic substances.  A fluorescence microscope is any microscope that uses fluorescence to generate an image, whether it is a simple setup like an epifluorescence microscope or a more complicated design such as a confocal microscope, which uses optical sectioning to get better resolution of the fluorescence image.
Conservative Republican Party (Brazil)
The Conservative Republican Party (Portuguese: Partido Republicano Conservador, PRC) was a Brazilian political party founded in October 1910 to represent the republican and oligarchic ideals of agrarian elites of states discontented with the domination of the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais ("café com leite") during the República Velha.

Its main representatives were Rio Grande do Sul Senator José Gomes Pinheiro Machado and Marshal Hermes da Fonseca, who was elected president of the republic from 1910 to 1914.

The PRC declined from 1915 with the death of Pinheiro Machado. Like all political parties, it was finally abolished by the Estado Novo in 1937.

Federal Senate (Brazil)
The Federal Senate (Portuguese: Senado Federal) is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. When created under the Imperial Constitution in 1824, it was based on the House of Lords of the British Parliament, but since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 and under the first republican Constitution the Federal Senate has resembled the United States Senate.

The current president of the Federal Senate is Davi Alcolumbre, a member of UNIÃO from Amapá. He was re-elected in February 2025 for his two-year non-consecutive term, as he had already led the Senate between 2019-21 during Bolsonaro's government.
Partnach Formation
The Partnach Formation is a Middle Triassic geologic formation in the eastern Northern Limestone Alps and Western Carpathians, within Austria and Slovakia, Central Europe. The formation consists of alternating grey and green marls and shales (Partnach shales) and grey limestones (Partnach Limestone), often brecciated, oncolithic and containing clay intraclasts. The formation is gradually evolving from the Reifling Formation. It is usually overlain by the Lunz/Reibl Formation or Wetterstein Formation. Sediments of the Partnach Formation were deposited in intrashelf basins.

The rock unit was originally defined as Partnachschichten by Wilhelm von Gümbel in 1858.

It preserves fossils dated to the Ladinian age of the Middle Triassic Epoch of the Triassic Period.

Breccia
Breccia (/ˈbrɛ(t)ʃiə/ BRETCH-ee-ə, BRESH-; Italian: [ˈbrettʃa]; Italian for 'breach') is a clastic rock composed of large angular broken fragments of minerals or rocks cemented together by a fine-grained matrix.

The word has its origins in the Italian language, in which it means 'rubble'. A breccia may have a variety of different origins, as indicated by the named types including sedimentary breccia, fault or tectonic breccia, igneous breccia, impact breccia, and hydrothermal breccia.

A megabreccia is a breccia composed of very large rock fragments, sometimes kilometers across, which can be formed by landslides, impact events, or caldera collapse.
Cheddington
Cheddington is a village and civil parish in the Buckinghamshire district of the ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire, England. The parish has an area of 1,429 acres (578 ha).

The village is about 6 miles northeast of Aylesbury and three miles north of Tring in Hertfordshire. The hamlet of Cooks Wharf has grown up where the main road into the village from Pitstone crosses the Grand Union Canal.

Buckinghamshire (district)
Buckinghamshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire, England. It covers about four-fifths of area of the ceremonial county and about two-thirds of its population; the City of Milton Keynes accounts for the remainder. As a unitary authority area, it is both a non-metropolitan county and a non-metropolitan district.

The district is administered by Buckinghamshire Council. The council was formed in 2020, following the abolition of the previous county council, Buckinghamshire County Council, and the four district councils covering the area.
Alcyone (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Alcyone (/ælˈsaɪ.əniː/; Ancient Greek: Ἀλκυόνη, romanized: Alkyóne, derived from ἀλκυών, alkyón, "kingfisher") was the name of the following personages.

Alcyone, one of the Pleiades seven sisters.

Alcyone, daughter of Aeolus and wife of Ceyx.

Alcyone, daughter of Sthenelus and Nicippe (Antibia or Archippe). She undoubtedly witnessed the results of the labors of Heracles, and she herself was indebted to the hero when he killed Hómados (Ὅμαδος) the Centaur, who had attempted to rape her.

Cleopatra Alcyone, Meleager's wife.

Alcyone, wife of King Chalcodon of Euboea and possible mother of Elephenor.

Alcyone, a priestess at Argos for three generations before the Trojan War.

Alcyone, mother of Serus and Alazygus by Halirrhotius, son of Perieres.

Alcyone, daughter of Sciron who was killed by her father.

Alcyone (daughter of Sciron)
In Greek mythology, Alcyone (Ancient Greek: Ἀλκυόνη, romanized: Alkuónē, lit. 'kingfisher') is a minor figure from Attica who was transformed into the bird bearing her name after she was murdered by her own father Sciron. Her tale is a variation on the more known myth of the origins of the kingfisher, starring Alcyone and Ceyx.
Biddy Early
Bridget Ellen "Biddy" Early (née O'Connor or Connors; 1798 – 1874) was a traditional Irish herbalist and bean-feasa ("seer, wisewoman") who helped her neighbours. When she acted against the wishes of the local tenant farmer landlords and Catholic priests she was falsely accused of witchcraft.

Tenant farmer
A tenant farmer is a farmer or farmworker who resides and works on land owned by a landlord, while tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management, while tenant farmers contribute their labor along with at times varying amounts of capital and management. Depending on the terms of their contract, tenants may make payments to the owner either of a fixed portion of the product, cash, or a combination. The rights the tenant has over the land, the form, and measures of payment vary across systems (geographically and chronologically). In some systems, the tenant could be evicted at whim (tenancy at will); in others, the landowner and tenant sign a contract for a fixed number of years (tenancy for years or indenture). In most developed countries today, at least some restrictions are placed on the rights of landlords to evict tenants under normal circumstances.
Rotuma lewisi
Rotuma lewisi, or Lewis's wriggler, is a species of fish in the family Xenisthmidae, which is regarded as a synonymous with the Eleotridae. Rotuma is a monotypic genus. The generic name refers to the volcanic island of Rotuma, north of Fiji while the specific name honours  Anthony D. Lewis, a Fisheries Officer of the Government of Fiji who supported Springer's field work in Fiji. It has been recorded from Fiji, Tonga, the Santa Cruz Islands, the Comoros Islands, and the Chesterfield Islands.

Santa Cruz Islands
The Santa Cruz Islands form an archipelago in Temotu Province, Solomon Islands.  They lie approximately 250 miles (220 nmi; 400 km) to the southeast of the Solomon Islands archipelago, just north of the archipelago of Vanuatu and are considered part of the Vanuatu rain forests ecoregion. The term Santa Cruz Islands is sometimes used to encompass all the islands of Temotu Province, Solomon Islands.
Bay Area Council
The Bay Area Council is a business association in San Francisco, founded in 1945, and dedicated to economic development in the San Francisco Bay Area. At its inception in the post WWII years, members included Wells Fargo, Bank of America, the Transamerica Corporation, Standard Oil of California, Pacific Gas and Electric, Bechtel, Kaiser Industries, Clorox and others. By the late 1940s, the Council was an early environmental watchdog. In the 1950s, the Council promoted a regional mass transit system that eventually became BART.

In 1965, the Council sponsored legislation creating the Bay Conservation and Development Commission. In 1970, they helped to create the Metropolitan Transportation Commission.

Bay Area Rapid Transit
Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is a rapid transit system serving the San Francisco Bay Area in California. BART serves 50 stations along six routes and 131 miles (211 kilometers) of track, including eBART, a 9-mile (14 km) spur line running to Antioch, and Oakland Airport Connector, a 3-mile (4.8 km) automated guideway transit line serving Oakland San Francisco Bay Airport. With an average of 186,000 weekday passenger trips as of the fourth quarter of 2025 and 55,483,900 annual passenger trips in 2025, BART is the seventh-busiest rapid transit system in the United States.

BART is operated by the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District which formed in 1957. The initial system opened in stages from 1972 to 1974. The system has been extended several times, most recently in 2020, when Milpitas and Berryessa/North San José stations opened as part of the under construction Silicon Valley BART extension in partnership with the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA).
Stephen Grosz
Stephen Grosz (born 1952) is a British psychoanalyst and author.

Born in Indiana, United States, and educated at the University of California, Berkeley and Balliol College, Oxford, Grosz teaches clinical technique at the Institute of Psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory at University College London. He has been Consultant Adult Psychotherapist at the Portman Clinic in London. His writings have appeared in the Financial Times, Vogue, The New Yorker, Granta and The Guardian.

His first book, The Examined Life, was published by Chatto and Windus (UK) in January 2013, and spent the first three months after publication in the top ten of the Sunday Times non-fiction bestseller list. It has been translated into over 25 languages. It was positively reviewed and appeared on many "year's best" lists. An abridged version of the book was broadcast on BBC Radio 4.

His second book, Love's Labor: How We Break and Make the Bonds of Love, was published in 2026.

British Vogue
British Vogue (stylised in all caps) is the British edition of the American fashion magazine Vogue. The magazine was launched in 1916 by Condé Nast, linking together fashion and high society.

British Vogue is the third most profitable edition of Vogue worldwide (other than the American and Chinese editions).
Crazy People Rock
"Crazy People Rock" is a song by Australian singer Scott Cain. It was released as the follow-up to his #1 hit "I'm Moving On" in August 2002 as the second single from this debut studio album, Controlled Folly. "Crazy People Rock" peaked at number 39. The song was written by Gregg Alexander of the New Radicals and frequent collaborator Rick Nowels. The B-sides were the new track "On the Dance Floor" and remixes of the lead song.

Gregg Alexander
Gregg Alexander (born Gregory Aiuto; May 4, 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He was the lead vocalist and guitarist for the alternative rock band New Radicals.

After the release of their only album, Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too (1998), the group disbanded and Alexander shifted focus onto production and songwriting work for other artists. Since then, he has been credited on the singles "Life Is a Rollercoaster" and "Lovin' Each Day" by Ronan Keating, "Inner Smile" by Texas, "Murder on the Dancefloor" and "Mixed Up World" by Sophie Ellis-Bextor, all of which were commercial successes in the early 2000s.

Alexander won a Grammy Award for his contributions to the 2003 single "The Game of Love" by Santana. He also co-wrote songs for the film Begin Again, including "Lost Stars", which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song.
Usman Rafiq
Usman Rafiq (born  August 13, 1988) is a Pakistani-American cricketer. In January 2018, he was named in the United States squad for the 2017–18 Regional Super50 tournament in the West Indies. He made his List A debut for the United States against Guyana in the 2017–18 Regional Super50 on February 2, 2018. In June 2021, he was selected to take part in the Minor League Cricket tournament in the United States following the players' draft.

Guyana national cricket team
The Guyana national cricket team is the representative first class cricket team of Guyana. The side does not take part in any international competitions, but rather in inter-regional competitions in the Caribbean, such as the Regional Four Day Competition and the Regional Super50), and the best players may be selected for the West Indies team, which plays international cricket and is the only team in the Americas with Test status. Guyana has participated in the South American Cricket Championship for some editions, but were represented by an overage "masters" team. The team competes under the franchise name Guyana Harpy Eagles.

Prominent cricketers who have played for Guyana include Devendra Bishoo, Basil Butcher, Shivnarine Chanderpaul, Colin Croft, Roy Fredericks, Lance Gibbs, Roger Harper, Carl Hooper, Leon Johnson, Alvin Kallicharran, Rohan Kanhai, Clive Lloyd, Veerasammy Permaul and Ramnaresh Sarwan.
Cremorne, Victoria
Cremorne is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3 km (1.9 mi) south-east of the Melbourne central business district, located within the City of Yarra local government area. Cremorne recorded a population of 2,158 at the 2021 census.

It is bounded by the Yarra River, Punt Road, Swan and Church Streets, and divided down the middle by the railway to South Yarra. Covering only about a square kilometre, until 1999 Cremorne existed only as a locality in the larger suburb of Richmond. Cremorne's built environment comprises a chaotic mix of uses, a result of being 'walled in' by main roads and railways on all sides. There are industrial icons such as Bryant and May and Rosella factories, and the Nylex Clock, side by side with Victorian cottages, modern townhouses, offices and light industries.

Cremorne takes its name from the Cremorne Gardens, an amusement park which occupied a riverfront location in the western half of Cremorne for a period in the mid 19th century.

Local government areas of Victoria
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in Victoria, sorted by region.

Also referred to as municipalities, the 79 Victorian LGAs are classified as cities (34), shires (38), rural cities (6) and boroughs (1). In general, an urban or suburban LGA is called a city and is governed by a city council, while a rural LGA covering a larger rural area is usually called a shire and is governed by a shire council. Local councils have the same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their classification.

Local elections are held in Victoria every four years with the most recent elections held in 2024.
Vaughan, Victoria
Vaughan is a locality in the Shire of Mount Alexander in the state of Victoria, Australia south of Castlemaine and east of Guildford.

Vaughan is situated at the confluence of Fryer's Creek and the Loddon River which has the Lawson spring, a drinkable mineral water spring. The spring location is sometimes referred to as Vaughan Spring  or Vaughan Springs. Vaughan Springs was previously the location of a large gold rush township called The Junction.

The population of Vaughan at the 2016 Census was 64.

Vaughan Post Office first opened on 15 March 1859 and closed in 1922. It opened again in 1947 and closed in 1968.  The nearest post office is now at Guildford.

The nearest business is the Guildford general store, and the Guildford Hotel.

Mineral water
Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. It is usually still, but may be sparkling (carbonated/effervescent).

Traditionally, mineral waters were used or consumed at their spring sources, often referred to as "taking the waters" or "taking the cure", at places such as spas, baths and wells.

Today, it is far more common for mineral water to be bottled at the source for distributed consumption. Travelling to the mineral water site for direct access to the water is now uncommon, and in many cases not possible because of exclusive commercial ownership rights. More than 4,000 brands of mineral water are commercially available worldwide.

In many places the term "mineral water" is colloquially used to mean any bottled carbonated water or soda water, as opposed to tap water.
Tarnowiec, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Tarnowiec [tarˈnɔvjɛt͡s] (German: Neu Lüttkenhagen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Goleniów, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Goleniów and 24 km (15 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has an approximate population of 60.

Goleniów County
Goleniów County (Polish: powiat goleniowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Goleniów, which lies 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Nowogard, lying 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and Maszewo, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Goleniów.

The county covers an area of 1,616.99 square kilometres (624.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,738, out of which the population of Goleniów is 22,448, that of Nowogard is 16,745, that of Maszewo is 3,073, and the rural population is 36,472.
Albert Franklin Burgess
Albert Franklin Burgess (October 2, 1873 – February 23, 1953) was an American entomologist. He was a pioneer of approaches to the control of the gypsy moth. He used biological control measures and also tried to restrict the expansion of the moth by intensive management along a 9000 square mile barrier belt surrounding the area affected by the moths in New Jersey.

Burgess was born in Rockland, Massachusetts, where he went to local schools before graduating from the Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1895. After a master's degree in 1897 he went to work as an assistant entomologist in the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture. He became an assistant in entomology at the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1899. From 1907 he served in the US Bureau of Entomology working on the gypsy moth. From 1916 he also studied the browntail moth.

He married Mary E. Dwight in 1904 and after her death in 1944 he married again.

Lymantria dispar dispar
Lymantria dispar dispar, commonly known as the gypsy moth, European gypsy moth, LDD moth, or (in North America) North American gypsy moth or spongy moth, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It has a native range that extends over Europe and parts of Africa, and is an invasive species in North America.

Its larvae are polyphagous, consuming the leaves of over 500 species of trees, shrubs and plants. In its invasive range it is classified as a pest, notably one of the most destructive pests of hardwood trees in the Eastern United States. It is listed as one of the 100 most destructive invasive species worldwide.
Scrobipalpa confusa
Scrobipalpa confusa is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Dalibor Povolný in 1966. The type locality is given as "Syria, Taurus, Marasch", in what today is Turkey.

The length of the forewings is about 5 mm (0.20 in). The ground colour of the forewings is whitish. The hindwings are milky white.

Kahramanmaraş
Kahramanmaraş (Turkish pronunciation: [kahɾaˈmanmaɾaʃ]), historically Marash (Turkish: Maraş; Armenian: Մարաշ) and Germanicea (Greek: Γερμανίκεια), is a city in the Mediterranean region of Turkey and the administrative centre of Kahramanmaraş province. After 1973, Maraş was officially named Kahramanmaraş with the prefix kahraman (Turkish word meaning "heroic") to commemorate the Battle of Marash. The city lies on a plain at the foot of Mount Ahır.

On 6 February 2023, much of the city was destroyed in the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes which had their epicentre in Pazarcık and Elbistan in Kahramanmaraş province.