hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giorgio Coresio
Giorgio Coresio (1570-1659?) from the Greek (then Ottoman) island of Chios was a lecturer in Greek at the University of Pisa from 1609-1615. He was obliged to resign his chair either because it was discovered that he secretly professed the Greek Orthodox faith, or because of his mental illness - he is said to have had daily visions of saints.

Coresio was one of the group described scornfully by Galileo as the 'Pigeon League' of Aristotelian philosophers, associated with Lodovico delle Colombe.  Galileo argued for an approach which he described as 'pluming the wings [i.e. of natural philosophy] with the feathers of mathematics, without which it is impossible to rise even an arm's measure above the earth'. Traditional scholars objected to the mixing of mathematics with the established forms of scholarly speculation and argument. Coresio described this approach as one which was 'full of radical change, and represented all things in the universe under different faces'.: 206

University of Pisa
The University of Pisa (Italian: Università di Pisa, UniPi) is a public research university in Pisa, Italy. Founded in 1343, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe. Together with Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, it is part of the Pisa University System.
Andrea Beltratti
Andrea Beltratti (born February 9, 1959, Turin, Italy) is professor at Bocconi University, director of the Executive Master in Finance - EMF at SDA Bocconi School of Management and Chairman of Eurizon Capital. He has been Chairman of the Management Board of Intesa Sanpaolo until May 2013.

SDA Bocconi School of Management
SDA Bocconi School of Management (Italian: Scuola di Direzione Aziendale, lit. 'Business School') was founded in 1971 and is the graduate business school of Bocconi University in Milan and Rome, Italy. SDA Bocconi is triple accredited by the AACSB, EQUIS, and the AMBA. SDA Bocconi offers various MBA programs, specialized master's degrees, as well as executive education, professional development, and professional certification programs. The business school also regularly engages in commissioned research projects. SDA Bocconi School of Management, in addition to its main campus in Milan, Italy, maintains a presence in Mumbai, India, the SDA Bocconi Asia Center.
Baczyna, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Baczyna [baˈt͡ʂɨna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubiszyn, within Lubiszyn County, Lubuskie Voivodeship, in west Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-east of Końskie and 40 km (25 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce.

Końskie
Końskie [ˈkɔɲskʲɛ] ⓘ (Yiddish: Kinsk, קינצק / קינסק) is a town in south-central Poland, with 20,328 inhabitants (2008), situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, Końskie belongs to the province of Lesser Poland, and since its foundation, until 1795 (see Partitions of Poland), it was part of Lesser Poland's Sandomierz Voivodeship.
Simon Bélyard
Simon Bélyard was a French playwright of the second half of the 16th century associated with the city of Troyes.

In 1592, he wrote a tragedy, Le Guysien, whose subject was the execution of Henry I, Duke of Guise. In 1589, Pierre Matthieu had already written a play, La Guisiade, showing hostility towards Henry III of France.

Henri I, Duke of Guise
Henri I de Lorraine, Duke of Guise, Prince of Joinville, Count of Eu (31 December 1550 – 23 December 1588), sometimes called Le Balafré ('Scarface'), was the eldest son of François, Duke of Guise, and Anna d'Este. His maternal grandparents were Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, and Renée of France. Through his maternal grandfather, he was a descendant of Lucrezia Borgia and Pope Alexander VI.

A key figure in the French Wars of Religion, he was one of the namesakes of the War of the Three Henrys. A powerful opponent of the queen mother, Catherine de' Medici, Henri was assassinated by the bodyguards of her son, King Henry III.
Candidates of the 1912 Queensland state election
The 1912 state election in Queensland, Australia was held on 27 April 1912.

The main parties in the election were the Liberal Party, led by Premier Digby Denham and the Labor Party, led by Leader of the Opposition David Bowman.

The election was the first conducted under the Electoral Districts Act 1910 which allowed for 72 single-member electorates based on the principle of one vote, one value.

Digby Denham
Digby Frank Denham (25 January 1859 – 10 May 1944) was a politician and businessman in Queensland, Australia. He was a Premier of Queensland and Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. He was the first of only two Queensland Premiers to lose their own seat at a general election.
Copper Queen Mine
The Copper Queen Mine was a copper mine in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. Its development led to the growth of the surrounding town of Bisbee in the 1880s. Its orebody ran 23% copper, an extraordinarily high grade. It was acquired by Phelps Dodge in 1885.

In the early 1900s, this was the most productive copper mine in Arizona. While copper mining declined in the area in the 1930s and 1940s, the Copper Queen continued to be mined by the open-pit process during the years following World War II. With decreasing returns, Phelps Dodge closed it in 1985.

Copper extraction
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper.

Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted.
Hallum (surname)
Hallum is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carsten Hallum (born 1969), Danish footballer and mechanical worker

Jacqui Hallum (born 1977), British artist

Jake Hallum (1938–2015), American football coach and scout

Jake Hallum
John Jacob Hallum Jr. (November 2, 1938 – August 6, 2015) was an American football coach and scout. He served as the head football coach at Morehead State University in Morehead, Kentucky from 1968 to 1971, compiling a record of 22–17–1. After leaving Morehead State, he was an offensive line assistant under Jerry Claiborne at the University of Maryland and University of Kentucky. Following his retirement from coaching, Hallum served as a scout for New England Patriots and Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL).
Jean-François Leblanc
Jean-François Leblanc (born November 16, 1984) is a Canadian film director and screenwriter from Quebec, whose debut feature film Vile & Miserable (Vile & Misérable) premiered in 2024.

Born and raised in Lac-Saint-Charles, Quebec, he directed a number of short films prior to Vile & Miserable, including The Prince of Val-Bé (Le Prince de Val-Bé) in 2019, Landgraves in 2020, and Virga in 2023.

Vile & Miserable premiered in November 2024 at the Cinemania film festival, before going into commercial release in February 2025. The film received a Prix Iris nomination for Best First Film at the 27th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2025, and was shortlisted for the Prix collégial du cinéma québécois in 2026.

Lac-Saint-Charles, Quebec City
Lac-Saint-Charles (French pronunciation: [lak sɛ̃ ʃaʁl]) is a former city in Quebec and is now a district of the Quebec City borough of La Haute-Saint-Charles. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 9,886.

It existed from 1946 until being amalgamated into Quebec City in 2002.

46°54′36″N 71°22′30″W﻿ / ﻿46.91°N 71.375°W﻿ / 46.91; -71.375
Khanty
The Khanty (Khanty: ха́нты, romanized: khanty), also known in older literature as Ostyaks (Russian: остяки), are a Ugric Indigenous people, living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a region historically known as "Yugra" in Russia, together with the Mansi. In the autonomous okrug, the Khanty and Mansi languages are given co-official status with Russian. In the 2021 Census, 31,467 persons identified themselves as Khanty. Of those, 30,242 were resident in Tyumen Oblast, of whom 19,568 were living in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and 9,985—in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. 495 were residents of neighbouring Tomsk Oblast, and 109 lived in Sverdlovsk Oblast.

Autonomous okrugs of Russia
Autonomous okrugs, (Russian: автономный округ, romanized: avtonomnyy okrug) which are also referred to as "autonomous districts" or "autonomous areas" are a type of federal subject of the Russian Federation and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2024, Russia has four autonomous okrugs of its 83 federal subjects. The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is the only okrug which is not subordinate to an oblast. The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a part of Arkhangelsk Oblast, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are parts of Tyumen Oblast.

According to the Constitution of the Soviet Union, in case of a union republic voting on leaving the Soviet Union, autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts, and autonomous okrugs had the right, by means of a referendum, to independently resolve whether they will stay in the USSR or leave with the seceding union republic, as well as to raise the issue of their state-legal status.
Matt Brown (American politician)
Matthew A. Brown (born November 15, 1969) is an American activist, and politician who served as secretary of state of Rhode Island from 2003 to 2007. Brown was a Democratic candidate for governor of Rhode Island in the 2018 election.

Alongside Bruce G. Blair, Brown co-founded Global Zero, a non-profit international initiative for the phased, verified elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide. He previously served as executive director of the Rhode Island branch of City Year.

Governor of Rhode Island
The governor of Rhode Island is the head of government of the U.S. state of Rhode Island and serves as commander-in-chief and Captain-General of the state's Army National Guard and Air National Guard. The current governor is Dan McKee, a member of the Democratic Party. In their capacity as commander of the national guard, the governor of Rhode Island also has the title of captain general. Rhode Island is one of the few states that currently does not have a governor's mansion or other official residence.
Ayllon (surname)
Ayllón is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eva Ayllón, Peruvian composer and singer

Julio Ayllón, Peruvian footballer

Julio Garrett Ayllón

Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón (1475–1526), Spanish explorer of North America

Luis López de la Torre Ayllón y Kirsmacker, Spanish nobleman

Marcelino Pérez Ayllón

Rafaela Porras Ayllón, Spanish nun

Solomon Ayllon (1664–1728), haham of the Sephardic congregations in London and Amsterdam

Valentín Abecia Ayllón

Rafaela Porras Ayllón
Rafaela Porras Ayllón, religious name Mary of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, (1 March 1850 – 6 January 1925) was a Spanish religious sister who established the Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in conjunction with her sister Dolores. She devoted herself to the management of the congregation and resided in Rome until her death after her resignation as the congregation's superior in 1893.

Pope Paul VI canonised her in 1977; she is the patron of the congregation.
Edmund Isham (academic administrator)
Edmund Isham D.D. (1744?–1817) was an academic administrator at the University of Oxford.

Isham was elected Warden (head) of All Souls College, Oxford in 1793, a post he held until his death in 1817.
While Warden at All Souls College, Isham was also Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University from 1797 until 1798.

A portrait of Isham was painted by William Owen (1769–1825) and a mezzotint engraving was produced by Samuel William Reynolds  (1773–1835) in 1810.

Warden (college)
Warden is a title used by the heads of some university colleges, halls of residence, and other institutions. Its use in this sense dates back at least to the 13th century at Merton College, Oxford, as a translation of the Latin custos.
2016 Europe Tennis Center Ladies Open
The 2016 Europe Tennis Center Ladies Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 19th edition of the Budapest Grand Prix tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $100,000 in prize money. It took place in Budapest, Hungary, from 4 to 10 July 2016.

Ema Burgić
Ema Burgić  (born 22 August 1992) is a Bosnian-born American professional tennis player.

In her career, she won four singles and 13 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 3 October 2016, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 466. On 17 October 2016, she peaked at No. 145 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Playing for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burgić has a win–loss record of 11–11.

She won her first tournament on the ITF Circuit in 2008 as a 16-year-old, at a $10k event in La Vall d'Uixó, Spain.

In June 2015, she married fellow tennis player Attila Bucko. The couple divorced in 2023. Ema Burgić returned to professional tennis in 2024 and became a United States citizen in May.
Philip Koch
Philip Koch (born 30 March 1948) is professor emeritus at the Maryland Institute College of Art and an American realist painter whose landscapes are heavily influenced by the work of Edward Hopper. Since 1983, Koch has spent summers in residency at Hopper's studio on Cape Cod.

Art museums all over the US hold Koch's work in their permanent collections and he has had seventeen solo museum exhibitions, most recently at the Ogunquit Museum of American Art.

Maryland Institute College of Art
The Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) is a private art and design college in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1826 as the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, it is regarded as one of the oldest art colleges in the United States.

MICA is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD), a consortium of US art schools. The college hosts pre-college, post-baccalaureate, continuing studies, Master of Fine Arts, and Bachelor of Fine Arts programs, as well as young peoples' studio art classes.
Karmaflow
Karmaflow: The Rock Opera Videogame is an interactive rock opera video game developed by Dutch studio BaseCamp Games and features singers from bands such as DragonForce, Cradle of Filth, Epica, Sonata Arctica, and Arch Enemy. The symphonic sound of the score is performed by the Metropole Orkest.

Arch Enemy
Arch Enemy is a Swedish melodic death metal band, originally a supergroup from Halmstad, formed in 1995. Its members were in bands such as Carcass, Armageddon, Carnage, Mercyful Fate, Spiritual Beggars, The Agonist, Nevermore, Eucharist, and Once Human. It was founded by Carcass guitarist Michael Amott along with Johan Liiva, who were both originally from the death metal band Carnage. The band has released eleven studio albums, three live albums, three video albums and four EPs. The band was originally fronted by Johan Liiva, who was replaced by German vocalist Angela Gossow in 2000. Gossow left the band in March 2014, subsequently becoming the group's manager, and was replaced by Canadian vocalist Alissa White-Gluz. White-Gluz left the band at the end of 2025. Australian vocalist Lauren Hart was announced as the band's new frontwoman on 19 February 2026.
Genesis (camera)
The Genesis is a discontinued high-end digital movie camera developed by Panavision, and was available solely by rental. It is based on a proprietary Super 35 1.78:1 (16:9) aspect ratio, 12.4-megapixel, RGB filtered CCD sensor. It was first used by a feature crew to shoot Bryan Singer's Superman Returns, and was shortly followed up thereafter by the World War I film Flyboys. However, the computer effect-heavy nature of these two movies meant that ultimately the comedy Scary Movie 4 was the first theatrically released feature primarily shot with the Genesis. It was discontinued in 2012 and succeeded by the Millennium DXL line developed with Red Digital Cinema.

Aspect ratio (image)
The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height. It is expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, in the format width:height. Common aspect ratios are 1.85:1 and 2.39:1 in cinematography, 4:3 (originally) and 16:9 in television, and 3:2 in still photography. The 1:1 aspect ratio is used for square images, often seen on social media platforms like Instagram, and 21:9 is an "ultrawide" aspect ratio popular for gaming and desktop monitors.
Johannes Mashiane
Johannes Mashiane, nicknamed The Beast of Atteridgeville, was a South African rapist and serial killer who was responsible for the deaths of 13 victims before committing suicide in 1989. Mashiane was being chased by police in the Pretoria suburb of Marabastad when he jumped underneath a bus.

Mashiane started his murderous activity in 1977 by killing his girlfriend. He was sentenced to five years' imprisonment and was released in 1982. After being released, he immediately started his spate of murder and sodomy, accounting for the deaths of at least 12 young boys by strangulation or stoning. One victim is known to have survived Mashiane's attention.

Sodomy
Sodomy (/ˈsɒdəmi/), also called buggery in British English, principally refers to either anal sex (but occasionally also oral sex) between people, or any sexual activity between a human and another animal (bestiality). It may also mean any non-procreative sexual activity (including manual sex). Originally the term sodomy, which is derived from the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Book of Genesis, was commonly restricted to homosexual anal sex. Sodomy laws in many countries criminalized the behavior. In the Western world, many of these laws have been overturned or are routinely not enforced. A person who practices sodomy is sometimes referred to as a sodomite, a pejorative term.
Regas
Regas is a surname. Notable persons with that name include:

Dimitrios Regas (born 1986), Greek sprint athlete

George Regas (1890–1940), Greek-American actor

George F. Regas (1930–2021), American Episcopal priest

Pedro Regas (1897–1974), Greek-American actor

Rosa Regàs (born 1933), Catalan writer

Pedro Regas
Petros "Pedro" Regas (born Panagiotis Thomas Regakos; April 18, 1897 – August 10, 1974 in Hollywood, Los Angeles), a veteran stage actor, Regas was spotted on the Broadway stage by Mary Pickford who persuaded him to go to Hollywood and be in pictures, which he did in 1920 and continued to play in films for 50 years.

Regas died of a heart attack and was interred in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery.
Carnival Jubilee
Carnival Jubilee is a cruise ship built for Carnival Cruise Line. It is the third ship of the line's Excel class, although it was the first built by Meyer Werft at Papenburg, Germany. It was delivered to Carnival on 4 December 2023, and entered service on 23 December 2023 out of the Port of Galveston in the United States. At 182,015 gross tonnage (GT), Carnival Jubilee is one of the largest cruise ships in the world.

Excellence-class cruise ship
The Excellence class, including the sub-classes Helios and XL or Excel, is a class of cruise ships ordered by Carnival Corporation & plc for its subsidiary brands AIDA Cruises, Costa Cruises, P&O Cruises and Carnival Cruise Line. The ships are being constructed by Meyer Werft at their shipyard in Papenburg, Germany, and Meyer Turku at their shipyard in Turku, Finland. The first, AIDAnova, entered service for AIDA Cruises in 2018.
Talk (Coldplay song)
"Talk" is a song by the British rock band Coldplay. Built around a motif from Kraftwerk's 1981 song "Computer Love", it was written by all members of the band and appeared on their third album, X&Y. In the United States, the song entered at number 86 on the Billboard Hot 100 and elsewhere in the world its success varied. It peaked at number one in the Netherlands on both the Dutch Top 40 and Single Top 100 charts, becoming the band's first number-one single there.

The song received positive reviews, with critics noting the music's sound and memorable lyrics. Both the song and its "Thin White Duke" remix were nominated for the 2007 Grammy Awards, the latter of which won in the category of Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical.

Dutch Single Top 100
The Dutch Single Top 100 or Single Top 100 is a Dutch chart, based on official physical single sales, legal downloads and since July 2013 streaming and composed by Dutch Charts. It is one of the three official charts, the other two being the Dutch Top 40 and the Mega Top 30. The difference is that these charts also include airplay data.
The list is especially intended for the music industry and those who take an interest in charts. In Dutch TV programmes the Single Top 100 is often cited, although it has not been broadcast since December 2006.
Albert Dick
Albert Blake Dick (April 16, 1856 – August 15, 1934) was a businessman who founded the A. B. Dick Company, a major American copier manufacturer and office supply company of the 20th Century. He coined the word "mimeograph".

Dick attended school in Galesburg, Illinois, then worked successively for the Brown manufacturing company, Deere & Mansur, and the Moline Lumber Company. He founded the A. B. Dick Company in 1883.  It was originally a lumber company before branching into office supplies.

Dick lived in Lake Forest, Illinois. He died at his home there on August 15, 1934.

Lake Forest, Illinois
Lake Forest is a city in Lake County, Illinois, United States. The population was 19,367 at the 2020 census. The city is along the shore of Lake Michigan, and is part of the Chicago metropolitan area and the North Shore. Lake Forest was founded with Lake Forest College and was laid out as a town in 1857, a stop for travelers making their way south to Chicago. The Lake Forest City Hall, designed by Charles Sumner Frost, was completed in 1898. It originally housed the fire department, the Lake Forest Library, and city offices.
Ivan Milčetić
Ivan Milčetić Matina (27 August 1853 – 26 October 1921) was a Croatian Glagolitic philologist and literary historian from the island of Krk, with significant contributions to its dialectology, ethnology and folkloristics. He sometimes wrote under the pseudonym Zagorac.

Austro-Hungarian krone
The krone (alternatively crown; German: Krone, Hungarian: korona, Italian: corona, Polish: korona, Slovene: krona, Serbo-Croatian: kruna, Czech: koruna, Slovak: koruna, Romanian: coroană, Ukrainian: корона) was the official currency of Austria-Hungary from 1892 (when it replaced the gulden as part of the adoption of the gold standard) until the dissolution of the empire in 1918. The subunit was one hundredth of the main unit, and was called a Heller in the Austrian and a fillér in the Hungarian part of the Empire. Unlike the preceding silver currency, it was established on a gold basis. One kilogram of fine gold was equivalent to 3,280 crowns. Gold coins, however, were struck only in the values of 10, 20, and 100 crowns, with a purity of 900/1000.