hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
First Austrian Republic
The First Austrian Republic (German: Erste Österreichische Republik), officially the Republic of Austria, was created after the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 10 September 1919—the settlement after the end of World War I which ended the Habsburg rump state of Republic of German-Austria—and ended with the establishment of the authoritarian Federal State of Austria based upon a dictatorship of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Fatherland Front in 1934. The Republic's constitution was enacted on 1 October 1920 and amended on 7 December 1929. The republican period was increasingly marked by violent strife between those with left-wing and right-wing views, leading to the July Revolt of 1927 and the Austrian Civil War of 1934.

Federal Council (Austria)
The Federal Council (German: Bundesrat, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁaːt]) is the upper house of the Austrian Parliament, representing the nine States of Austria at the federal level. As part of a bicameral legislature alongside the National Council, it can be compared with an upper house or a senate. It is far less powerful than the National Council: although it has to approve every new law decided for by this lower chamber, the latter can – in most cases – overrule the Federal Council's refusal to approve.

The Bundesrat has its seat at the Austrian Parliament Building in Vienna. Since 2023, it meets in a chamber formerly used by the National Council's budget committee. During a major renovation of the parliament building from 2017 until 2023, the Federal Council met in the Hofburg Palace.
Vladislav Volkov (Kyrgyzstani footballer)
Vladislav Andreyevich Volkov (born 15 August 1980) in Kyrgyzstan is a footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. He last played for FC Sumida Ulaanbaatar in the Mongolia. Also he was a Kyrgyzstan national football team player.

Kyrgyzstan national football team
The Kyrgyzstan national football team (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Республикасынын улуттук курама командасы; Russian: Сборная Кыргызской Республики по футболу), officially recognised by FIFA and AFC as Kyrgyz Republic, represents Kyrgyzstan in international football and is controlled by the Kyrgyz Football Union, a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and Central Asian Football Association.
Bridger Bay
Bridger Bay (60°33′S 45°51′W﻿ / ﻿60.550°S 45.850°W﻿ / -60.550; -45.850) is a semi-circular bay 2.5 nautical miles (5 km) wide, lying west of Tickell Head along the north coast of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands. It was discovered in 1821 in the course of the joint cruise by Captain Nathaniel Palmer, an American sealer, and Captain George Powell, a British sealer. It was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1956–58 and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for John F.D. Bridger, who participated in the survey of Coronation Island and Signy Island.

Coronation Island
Coronation Island is the largest of the South Orkney Islands, 25 nautical miles (46 km) long and from 3 to 8 nautical miles (5.6 to 14.8 km) wide. The island extends in a general east–west direction, is mainly ice-covered and comprises numerous bays, glaciers and peaks, the highest rising to 1,265 metres (4,150 ft).
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 5
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 5 (P. Oxy. 5) is a fragment of a Christian homily, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the late third or early fourth century. It is housed in the Bodleian Library (Ms. Gr. Th. f 9). The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a codex. The measures of the original leaf were 120 by 114 mm. The text is written in a good-sized uncial hand. The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way (ΠΝΑ, ΚΣ, ΙΣ, ΧΣ). The recto side has survived in much better condition than the verso.

It quotes the Shepherd of Hermas.

Nomina sacra
In Christian scribal practice, nomina sacra (singular: nomen sacrum, Latin for 'sacred name') is the abbreviation of several frequently occurring divine names or titles, especially in Greek manuscripts of the Bible. A nomen sacrum consists of two or more letters from the original word spanned by an overline.

Biblical scholar and textual critic Bruce M. Metzger lists 15 such words treated as nomina sacra from Greek papyri: the Greek counterparts of God, Lord, Jesus, Christ, Son, Spirit, David, Cross, Mother, Father, Israel, Savior, Man, Jerusalem, and Heaven.: 36–37  These nomina sacra are all found in Greek manuscripts of the 3rd century and earlier, except Mother, which appears in the 4th. All 15 occur in Greek manuscripts later than the 4th century.

Nomina sacra also occur in some form in Latin, Coptic, Armenian (indicated by the pativ), Gothic, Old Nubian, Old Irish and Old Church Slavonic (indicated by the titlo).
Romeo.Juliet
Romeo.Juliet is a 1990 Belgian film adaptation of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, directed by Armando Acosta. The film features a cast of feral cats from Venice, New York City, Verona, and Ghent, voiced by British actors including John Hurt, Dame Maggie Smith, Sir Ben Kingsley, Vanessa Redgrave, and Francesca Annis. The production combines live-action footage of cats with Sergei Prokofiev’s Romeo and Juliet ballet music, performed by the London Symphony Orchestra. The film premiered out of competition at the 47th Venice International Film Festival on 6 September 1990.

Robert Powell
Robert Thomas Powell (/ˈpaʊəl/ POW-əl; born 1 June 1944) is an English actor who is known for the title roles in Mahler (1974) and Jesus of Nazareth (1977), and for his portrayal of secret agent Richard Hannay in The Thirty Nine Steps (1978) and its subsequent spinoff television series. Other major screen roles have included Tobias "Toby" Wren in the BBC science-fiction programme Doomwatch (1970), David Briggs in the sitcom The Detectives (1993–1997) with Jasper Carrott, and Mark Williams in the medical drama Holby City (2005–2011).

Powell, with his distinctive voice, has become well known as a narrator of documentaries, especially those concerning the Second World War, including World War II in HD Colour, Hitler's Bodyguard, The Story of the Third Reich and Secrets of World War II.

Powell was nominated for a Best Actor BAFTA TV Award for Jesus of Nazareth in 1978 and won a Best Actor award at the Venice Film Festival for his performance in the film Imperative in 1982.
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B
The Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B: A Journal of Chemical Sciences is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal. The journal publishes "fundamental studies in all areas of inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and analytical chemistry" in both English and German. Articles in German are required to be accompanied by an English-language title and abstract. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 0.744. The editors-in-chief are Gerhard Müller (University of Konstanz) and Annette Schier (Technical University Munich).

Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers chemical compounds that are not carbon-based, which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, as there is much overlap in the subdiscipline of organometallic chemistry. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry, including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medications, fuels, and agriculture.
Michael Messner
Michael Alan Messner (born 1952) is an American sociologist. His main areas of research are gender (especially men's studies) and the sociology of sports. He is the author of several books, he gives public speeches and teaches on issues of gender-based violence, the lives of men and boys, and gender and sports.

Since 1987, Messner has worked as a professor of sociology and gender studies at the University of Southern California.  He was head of the department, and still retains his dual faculty appointment. He was the president of the Pacific Sociological Association in 2010–2011, and in 2011 the California Women's Law Center presented him with the Pursuit of Justice Award.

Gender-related violence
Gender-related violence or gender-based violence (GBV) refers to any kind of violence directed against people due to their gender or gender identification, culture may have a role to play, being lower in egalitarianism societies and higher, sexist (misogynistic and misandrist) societies.

In ancient text are mentioned many acts of violence against other people, particularly towards women due the fact that were seen as weaker and less defensive members of the societies, and due the lack of a legislation that protect them against harm doers.
Abbasi Mosque
The Abbasi Mosque, or Derawar Mosque, and locally known as Jamia Masjid‑e‑Abbasi, is a mosque located close to Derawar Fort in Yazman Tehsil, in the Cholistan Desert in Bahawalpur District, in the Punjab, province of Pakistan. The mosque can accommodate 10,000 worshippers.

Yazman Tehsil
Yazman (Urdu: تحصیل یزمان) is a tehsil located in Bahawalpur District, Punjab,  Pakistan. The city of Yazman is the headquarters of the tehsil which is administratively subdivided into 18 union councils. With an area of 19,160 km square, it is the largest tehsil of the Punjab province.
Wausau Paper
Wausau Paper (NYSE: WPP) (stylized as wausauPAPER) is an American pulp and paper company. It has approximately 870 employees as of December 2014, has manufacturing operations in Harrodsburg, Kentucky and Middletown, Ohio, and a support services facility in Mosinee, Wisconsin. On January 21, 2016, Wausau Paper was acquired by SCA Tissue North America for $513 million. The stock was removed from NYSE on the same day.

Wausau Paper Corp. (Wausau Paper) incorporated on June 9, 1899, and manufactures, converts, and sells paper and paper products. As of May 9, 2014, the company had two operating facilities and a services center located in three states. The company operates a single principal business in the away-from-home towel and tissue segment of the paper industry. The company produces a line of towel and tissue products that are marketed, along with soap and dispensing systems, for the away-from-home market.

Harrodsburg, Kentucky
Harrodsburg is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Mercer County, Kentucky, United States.  The population was 9,064 at the 2020 census.

Although Harrodsburg was formally established by the Virginia House of Burgesses after Boonesborough and was not incorporated by the Kentucky legislature until 1836, President Franklin D. Roosevelt honored it as the oldest permanent American settlement west of the Appalachians.
Mee ka tee
Mee ka tee (Lao: ໝີ່ກະທິ), also known as mee ka tee Lao, mee ka tee Vientiane, Laotian pork curry noodle soup, mee kati, mee kathi or mee gati, is a Laotian red curry and coconut milk egg drop noodle soup originating from Vientiane, Laos. Mee ka tee is a noodle soup consisting of rice noodles in broth with coconut cream, hand-pounded red curry paste, ground (minced) pork, peanuts and egg, topped with fresh shredded cabbage, cilantro, green onions, beansprouts and mint. Sometimes mee ka tee is served with Laotian puffed sticky rice and deep-fried sun-dried peppers.

Mee ka tee in the Lao language literally means "coconut milk noodles". Mee means 'noodle', and ka tee means 'coconut cream/milk'. It is said to be the sweeter and creamier cousin of khao poon, or even a soupy version of pad Thai.

Vientiane
Vientiane{{efn|/viˌɛntiˈɑːn/ vee-EN-tee-AHN; Lao: ວຽງຈັນ, Viangchan, pronounced [wíaŋ tɕàn] is the capital of Laos. Comprising the 5 urban districts of Vientiane Prefecture, the city is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the border with Thailand. Vientiane was the administrative capital during French rule. The city had a population of 840,000 as of the 2023 census.

Vientiane is the home of Pha That Luang, an icon of Buddhism in Laos. Other Buddhist temples can be found there, such as Haw Phra Kaew, which formerly housed the Emerald Buddha.

The city is rated as 'suffiency' by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Point of Rocks, Maryland)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church is a parish of the Episcopal Church near Point of Rocks, Frederick County, Maryland, in the Episcopal Diocese of Maryland. It is noted for its historic parish church, a small late Federal style brick structure built in 1842.

Frederick County, Maryland
Frederick County is located in Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 271,717. The county seat is Frederick. The county is part of the Capital region of the state.

Like other outlying sections of the Washington metropolitan area, Frederick County has experienced a rapid population increase since the 1980s. It borders the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia.

Catoctin Mountain Park in the county is the location of Camp David, a U.S. presidential retreat, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army base.
USC Trojans women's basketball
The USC Trojans women's basketball team, or the Women of Troy, is the collegiate women's basketball team that represents the University of Southern California, in the Big Ten Conference. The team rose to prominence in 1976, at which time scholarships became available to female basketball players. They were the first Division I team to give these scholarships.

Houston Comets
The Houston Comets were a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) team based in Houston. Formed in 1997, the team was one of the original eight WNBA teams and won the first four championships of the league's existence. They are one of two teams in the WNBA that are undefeated in the WNBA Finals; the Seattle Storm are the other. The Comets were the first dynasty of the WNBA and are tied with the Minnesota Lynx and Seattle Storm for the most championships of any WNBA franchise. Despite all of their success, the team was folded and disbanded by the league in 2008 during the height of the Great Recession because new ownership could not be found.

The Comets were known for courting great women's basketball stars. The team had among its members Cynthia Cooper (the WNBA's first MVP); college and national team standout Sheryl Swoopes; Kim Perrot, who succumbed to cancer in 1999; and college stars Michelle Snow and Tina Thompson.
Pointer machine
In theoretical computer science, a pointer machine is an atomistic abstract computational machine whose storage structure is a graph. A pointer algorithm could also be an algorithm restricted to the pointer machine model.

Some particular types of pointer machines are called a linking automaton, a KU-machine, an SMM, an atomistic LISP machine, a tree-pointer machine, etc.

Pointer machines do not have arithmetic instructions. Computation proceeds only by reading input symbols, modifying and doing various tests on its storage structure—the pattern of nodes and pointers, and outputting symbols based on the tests. In this sense, the model is similar to the Turing machine.

Lisp machine
Lisp machines are general-purpose computers designed to efficiently run Lisp as their main software and programming language, usually via hardware support. They are an example of a high-level language computer architecture. In a sense, they were the first commercial single-user workstations. Despite being modest in number (perhaps 7,000 units total as of 1988) Lisp machines commercially pioneered many now-commonplace technologies, including windowing systems, computer mice, high-resolution bit-mapped raster graphics, computer graphic rendering, laser printing, networking innovations such as Chaosnet, and effective garbage collection. Several firms built and sold Lisp machines in the 1980s: Symbolics (3600, 3640, XL1200, MacIvory, and other models), Lisp Machines Incorporated (LMI Lambda), Texas Instruments (Explorer, MicroExplorer), and Xerox (Interlisp-D workstations). The operating systems were written in Lisp Machine Lisp, Interlisp (Xerox), and later partly in Common Lisp.
Vandana Mudit Verma
Vandana Mudit Verma is an Indian politician and member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council. She represents the constituency Muzaffarnagar Saharanpur. She is a member of the member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Saharanpur
Saharanpur is a city and a municipal corporation in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is also the administrative headquarters of Saharanpur district.

Saharanpur city's name was given after the Saint Shah Haroon Chishti.

Saharanpur is declared as one among the 100 Smart Cities by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs as a part of Smart Cities Mission of the Government of India.
Muirchertach
Muirchertach (modern spelling: Muircheartach, anglicised as Murtagh) is an Irish language male given name meaning "mariner". The name was sometimes Anglicised as "Mortimer." The Old Norse name Kjartan is derived from this name. Muirchertach was borne by several figures from legend and history, including:

Muirchertach mac Muiredaig (Mac Ercae), great-grandson of Niall of the Nine Hostages and High King of Ireland

Muirchertach mac Néill, 10th-century king of Cenél nEógain

Muircheartach Ua Briain, 12th-century High King of Ireland

Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, 12th-century king of Cenél nEógain

Muirchertach mac Maelruanaidh Mor, obscure king of Magh Luirg

Muirchertach mac Muiredaig (Mac Ercae)
Muirchertach mac Muiredaig (died c. 534), called Mac Ercae, Muirchertach Macc Ercae and Muirchertach mac Ercae, was said to be High King of Ireland in the 6th century. The Irish annals contain little reliable information on his life, and the surviving record shows signs of retrospective modification. The Aided Muirchertaig Meic Erca takes as its theme Muirchertach's supernatural death.
Clones, County Monaghan
Clones (/ˈkloʊnɪs/ KLOH-nis; from Irish Cluain Eois, meaning 'meadow of Eois') is a small town in the west of County Monaghan in Ireland. The area is part of the Border Region in the Republic of Ireland, earmarked for economic development by the Irish Government due to its currently below-average economic situation. The town was badly hit economically by the Partition of Ireland in 1921 because of its location on the border with County Fermanagh in Northern Ireland. The creation of the Irish border deprived it of access to a large part of its economic hinterland for many years. The town had a population of 1,885 at the 2022 census. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.

NUTS statistical regions of Ireland
Ireland uses the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) geocode standard for referencing country subdivisions for statistical purposes. The standard is developed and regulated by the European Union. The NUTS standard is instrumental in delivering European Structural and Investment Funds. The NUTS code for Ireland is IE and a hierarchy of three levels is established by Eurostat. A further level of geographic organisation, the local administrative unit (LAU), in Ireland is the local electoral area.
2019 FIBA 3x3 World Cup – Women's tournament
The 2019 FIBA 3x3 World Cup was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The tournament consisted of 20 teams. Italy were the defending champions but were defeated in the Quarterfinals by France. China won the title, their first overall, after defeating Hungary, 19–13.

China women's national 3x3 team
The China women's national 3x3 team is a national 3x3 basketball team of China, governed by the Basketball Association of the People's Republic of China. It represents the country in international 3x3 (3 against 3) women's basketball competitions.
Georg Karl Mayer
Georg Karl Mayer (30 March 1811 – 22 July 1868) was a German Roman Catholic theologian born in Aschbach, Upper Franconia.

He studied philosophy and theology in Bamberg, then continued his education at the Universities of Munich and Vienna. In 1837 he received his ordination in Bamberg, and afterwards worked as a chaplain. From 1842 he was a professor at the Lyceum in Bamberg, where he taught classes in canon law, church history, dogmatics, exegesis and Hebrew language. In 1862 he was appointed Domcapitular at Bamberg.

Mayer specialized in dogmatic theology, and with church historian Johann Spörlein (1814–1873), was a principal representative of Güntherianism at Bamberg. After the Church's condemnation of Anton Günther's writings in 1857, he fought for the recognition and continuation of Günther's teachings, including an appeal to the First Vatican Council.

Church history
Church history or ecclesiastical history as an academic discipline studies the history of Christianity and the way the Christian Church has developed since its inception.

Henry Melvill Gwatkin defined church history as "the spiritual side of the history of civilized people ever since our Master's coming". A. M. Renwick, however, defines it as an account of the Church's success and failure in carrying out Christ's Great Commission. Renwick suggests a fourfold division of church history into missionary activity, church organization, doctrine and "the effect on human life".

Church history is often, but not always, studied from a Christian perspective. Writers from different Christian traditions will often highlight people and events particularly relevant to their own denominational history. Catholic and Orthodox writers often highlight the achievements of the ecumenical councils, while evangelical historians may focus on the Protestant Reformation and the Great Awakenings.
Waldo Glacier
Waldo Glacier is in the U.S. state of Oregon. The glacier is situated in the Cascade Range on the south-southeast slopes of Mount Jefferson. Starting near an elevation of 9,000 ft (2,700 m), the glacier extends down to 7,500 ft (2,300 m). The glacier is named after John B. Waldo, as is Waldo Lake.

Waldo Lake
Waldo Lake is a natural subalpine lake in the Cascade Mountains of the U.S. state of Oregon.  It is the second largest natural non-alkali lake in Oregon with just under 10 square miles (26 km2) of water surface and a maximum depth of 420 feet (130 m).  The lake is named after Oregon politician, judge, and conservationist John B. Waldo.
Fredholm
Fredholm is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Erik Ivar Fredholm (1866–1927), Swedish mathematician
Fredholm alternative, in mathematics
Fredholm determinant, in mathematics
Fredholm integral equation, in mathematics
Fredholm kernel, in mathematics
Fredholm module, In noncommutative geometry
Fredholm number, in number theory, apparently not in fact studied by Fredholm
Fredholm operator, in mathematics
Fredholm's theorem, in mathematics
Analytic Fredholm theorem, in mathematics
Fredholm theory, in mathematics
Fredholm (crater), a small lunar impact crater
21659 Fredholm (1999 PR3), main-belt asteroid discovered in 1999 by P. G. Comba

Ludwig Fredholm (1830–1891), Swedish industrialist

Gert Fredholm (born 1941), Danish film director and screenwriter

Patrik Fredholm (born 1978), Swedish footballer

Fredholm determinant
In mathematics, the Fredholm determinant is a complex-valued function which generalizes the determinant of a finite dimensional linear operator. It is defined for bounded operators on a Hilbert space which differ from the identity operator by a trace-class operator (i.e. an operator whose singular values sum up to a finite number). The function is named after the mathematician Erik Ivar Fredholm.

Fredholm determinants have had many applications in mathematical physics, the most celebrated example being Gábor Szegő's limit formula, proved in response to a question raised by Lars Onsager and C. N. Yang on the spontaneous magnetization of the Ising model.