hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jan Gerard Wessels Boer
Jan Gerard Wessels Boer (born 10 August 1936, Haren, Groningen- died Molenaarsgraaf 13 July 2019) was a Dutch plant taxonomist best known for his work on palms.  He has described 37 species, subspecies and varieties of plants, especially in the palm family

Molenaarsgraaf
Molenaarsgraaf is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Molenlanden, and lies about 11 km west of Gorinchem.

In 2001, the village of Molenaarsgraaf had 414 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.041 km², and contained 143 residences.
The statistical area "Molenaarsgraaf", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 1110.

Molenaarsgraaf was a separate municipality until 1986, when it became part of Graafstroom. Latterly it has been part of Molenwaard since 2013.

The village contains the War Grave of a Royal Air Force Avro Lancaster crew (less the pilot, who had parachuted to safety). Their names are recorded in Commonwealth War Graves web site as being killed on 22 May 1944. It is understood that their aircraft was shot down by a German night fighter.
Hubert de Beveren
Hubert de Beveren was the Dutch Governor of Tobago from 1662 to 1666. He was appointed by the brothers Lampsins once they became the Barons of Tobago, as granted by Louis XIV.

When de Beveren and the Dutch colonists arrived, the Couronian colonists were already living in Tobago. This led to some strife and minor conflict, but ultimately when Courland was occupied by Sweden in 1659, the colony fell into Dutch hands. The newly appointed Governor de Beveren integrated the Couronian colonists into the growing Dutch society on the island, and he was officially governor of New Courland.

His rule as governor was short, but was notable for being a period of peace and building, and many fortifications were erected on his authority.

In 1666 the English drove the Barons from Tobago and de Beveren lost his position as governor.

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".
Korweiler
Korweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kastellaun, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Kastellaun (Verbandsgemeinde)
Kastellaun is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Hunsrück district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat is in Kastellaun. On 1 July 2014 it was expanded with 3 municipalities from the former Verbandsgemeinde Treis-Karden.

The Verbandsgemeinde Kastellaun consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

50°04′08″N 7°26′35″E﻿ / ﻿50.069°N 7.443°E﻿ / 50.069; 7.443
Upper Bushman Lake (Independence Township, Michigan)
Upper Bushman Lake is a 30-acre (12 ha) lake along the Clinton River.  The lake, with a maximum depth of 32 feet (9.8 m), lies within Independence Township in Oakland County, Michigan.

The lake is located east of Sashabaw Road, south of Oak Hill Road, within the Independence Oaks County Park.

Upper Bushman Lake connects downstream to Crooked Lake

Oakland County, Michigan
Oakland County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a principal county of the Detroit metropolitan area, containing the bulk of Detroit's northern suburbs. Its county seat is Pontiac, and its largest city is Troy. As of the 2020 census, its population 1,274,395, making it the second-most populous county in Michigan (behind neighboring Wayne County), and the most populous county in the United States without a city of 100,000 residents.

Founded in 1819 and organized the following year, Oakland County is composed of 62 cities, villages, and townships. In 2010, Oakland County was among the ten wealthiest counties in the United States to have over one million residents. It is also home to Oakland University, a large public institution that straddles the border between the cities of Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills.
Harry Parker (footballer)
Harry Parker was an English footballer who made 54 appearances in the Football League playing for Glossop and Lincoln City. He played non-league football in the Leicestershire area, for Castle Donington and Midland League club Whitwick White Cross. He played as an outside left or inside left.

Midland Football League (1889)
The Midland Football League was a semi-professional football league in England. It acted as a feeder league to the Football League for many years before merging with the Yorkshire League in 1982 to form the Northern Counties East League.
Paul Hogan (darts player)
Paul Hogan (born 30 August 1963) is an English professional darts player who competes in World Darts Federation (WDF) events. He is nicknamed "Crocodile Dundee" after the film starring his namesake, Australian actor Paul Hogan.

World Darts Federation
The World Darts Federation (WDF) is a sport governing body and (along with the PDC) a tournament organiser for the game of darts. It was formed in 1974 by representatives of the original fourteen founding members. Membership is open to the national organising body for darts in all nations. The WDF encourages the promotion of the sport of darts among and between those bodies, in an effort to gain international recognition for darts as a major sport. The WDF was a full member of Global Association of International Sports Federations, which was the governing body for international sports federations, until dissolution in 2023.
Silvia, Cauca
Silvia is a town and municipality in the Cauca Department, Colombia.  It is often visited as a weekend getaway by residents of Cali, which has a much hotter climate.  The area is populated by many people of Guambiano descent, who maintain their traditional ways of life in the area surrounding Silvia.

There are many fine bakeries and inexpensive restaurants in town, most within half a kilometer of the large public square.  In the last decade, the large trees that formerly grew on the square were removed due to damages their roots were causing, and the square was renovated to include more seating, and replanted with a greater variety of vegetation.

Main park

Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church

Silvia Market

Guambiano people in Silvia

Guambiano
The Guambiano or Misak are an indigenous people of the department of Cauca in Colombia. Their language is known as Guambiano and is one of the Coconucan languages. The majority lives in the western part of the Colombian Andes range (Cordillera). Some Guambiano can also be found in Huila Department.

The Misak society has a patriarchal kinship system, with hereditary offices, descent lines, and property passing through the male line. Agriculture is the base of their economy. Wheat, corn, coffee, onions, garlic, cassava, potatoes, beans, and cabbage are among the main products they cultivate.

The Guambiano people are known for their traditional clothing: blue scarf (worn as a sarong), rectangular ponchos, and black bowler hat for the men; black skirt, solid color top, blue scarf, and dark bowler hat for the women.
Axman
Axman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dick Axman (1891–1969), American sports publicist, sportswriter, magazine creator and magazine editor

Steve Axman (born 1947), American football coach

Steve Axman
Steve Axman (born June 10, 1947) is an American football coach. He was the head football coach at Northern Arizona University from 1990 to 1997 and the interim head coach at Nicholls State University in 2014.
Chen Yulu
Chen Yulu (Chinese: 陈雨露; born November 1966) is a Chinese economist, educator, author, and politician who has been president of Nankai University since August 2022. He was vice governor of People's Bank of China from October 2015 to August 2022. He has previously held appointments in the Renmin University of China as the president.

He is a visiting professor at Milton S. Eisenhower Foundation and Columbia University. He is vice-president of All-China Youth Federation (ACYF). He is vice-chairman, deputy secretary-general and executive director of China International Finance Society.

Milton S. Eisenhower Foundation
The Milton S. Eisenhower Foundation is a non-governmental organization in the United States, established in 1981 to continue the work of two Presidential Commissions. These commissions were the bipartisan National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (commonly known as the Kerner Riot Commission; 1967-68), and the bipartisan National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (also known as the National Violence Commission; 1968-69). The Eisenhower Foundation carries forward the objectives and initiatives of these commissions in the private sector.
Liu Cunhou
Liu Cunhou (traditional Chinese: 劉存厚; simplified Chinese: 刘存厚; Wade–Giles: Liu Tsun-hou; 24 January 1885 - June 1960) was a Republic of China general and warlord of the Sichuan clique during the Warlord Era. He later joined the National Revolutionary Army but was forced to retire after his forces were defeated by the Chinese Communists in 1933.

Sichuan clique
The Sichuan clique (simplified Chinese: 川军; traditional Chinese: 川軍; pinyin: Chuān Jūn) was a group of warlords in the warlord era in China. During the period from 1927 to 1938, Sichuan was in the hands of six warlords: Liu Wenhui, Liu Xiang, Yang Sen, Deng Xihou, He Zhaode, and Tian Songyao, with minor forces being Xiong Kewu and Lü Chao.
Psephellus bellus
Psephellus bellus is a species in the genus Psephellus, subtribe Centaureinae, found in Anatolia and Transcaucasia.
It is an evergreen plant, with gray-green to silvery imparipinnate leaves showing elliptic to ovate leaflets.
It is used in gardening because the creeping stems can root in contact to the ground, and the plant grows slowly into a dense cover.
The flowers are purplish pink and bloom from March to June.

South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia, or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, which are sometimes collectively known as the Caucasian States. The total area of these countries measures about 186,100 square kilometres (71,850 square miles). The South Caucasus and the North Caucasus together comprise the larger Caucasus geographical region that divides Eurasia.
Tullio Moneta
Tullio Moneta (9 May 1937 – 31 March 2022) was an Italian actor and mercenary. He acted in 15 films between 1970 and 1990, starring in the feature film The Lion's Share. He also played a role in the Afrikaans language film  Aanslag op Kariba (which means attack on (the) Kariba (dam)) in 1973, produced by Brigadiers Films. He was, together with Mike Hoare, the military advisor for the film The Wild Geese (1978).

In November 1981 Moneta was second-in-command to Mike Hoare when the latter led the 1981 Seychelles coup d'état attempt at Mahe Airport in the Seychelles and was sentenced to five years in prison; he was released soon after.

Moneta latterly lived in Durban, South Africa. He died on 31 March 2022, at the age of 84.

Seychelles International Airport
Seychelles International Airport (French: Aéroport de la Pointe Larue; IATA: SEZ, ICAO: FSIA) is the international airport of the Seychelles located on the island of Mahé near the capital city of Victoria. The airport is the home base and the head office of Air Seychelles and features several regional and long-haul routes due to its importance as the gateway to a major international leisure destination.

The airport is 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) southeast of the capital and is accessible by the Victoria-Providence Highway. It forms part of the administrative districts of La Pointe Larue (terminal area), Cascade/Providence (in the North), and Anse aux Pins (in the south and military base).
Château de Blain
The Château de Blain  or Château de la Groulais, is a mediaeval castle constructed in the 13th century and heavily remodelled in the 16th, located in the commune of Blain in the Loire-Atlantique département of France. It formed part of the frontier defences of Brittany along with the towns and castles of Vitré, Fougères, Châteaubriant, Ancenis and Clisson.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.
2017 Brasil Open – Doubles
Julio Peralta and Horacio Zeballos were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Facundo Bagnis and Guillermo Durán.

Rogério Dutra Silva and André Sá won the title, defeating Marcus Daniell and Marcelo Demoliner in the final, 7–6(7–5), 5–7, [10–7].

André Sá
André Rezende Sá (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈdɾɛ ˈsa]; born 6 May 1977) is a former Brazilian tennis player.

In singles, he was a Wimbledon quarterfinalist in 2002. Sá reached the semifinals of ATP tournaments in Memphis and Hong Kong in 2000 and 2001 respectively. He reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 17, winning 11 doubles titles.
Konkani people
The Konkani people or Konkanites are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group native to the Konkan region of the Indian subcontinent. They speak various dialects of the Konkani language. Following the Konkani language agitation, Konkani became the premier official language of Goa state, while Marathi remains as the associate official language of Goa. Konkani is also spoken by populations in Karnataka, Maharashtra, Damaon, Kerala & Gujarat.
A large percentage of Konkani people are bilingual.

Ethnolinguistic group
An ethnolinguistic group (or ethno-linguistic group) is a group that is unified by both a common ethnicity and language. Most ethnic groups share a first language. However, "ethnolinguistic" is often used to emphasise that language is a major basis for the ethnic group, especially in regard to its neighbours.

A central concept in the linguistic study of ethnolinguistic groups is ethnolinguistic vitality, the ability of the group's language and ethnicity to sustain themselves. An ethnolinguistic group that lacks such vitality is unlikely to survive as a distinct entity. Factors that influence the ethnolinguistic vitality are demographics, institutional control and status (including language planning factors).
So You Think You Can Dance (American TV series) season 9
So You Think You Can Dance, an American television dance competition, returned for its ninth season on May 24, 2012, on FOX Television. Fox and series creator Nigel Lythgoe have each independently confirmed that the weekly results show, a staple of the series in seasons 2–8, has been cut from the show format and that only one episode will air each week for the show's ninth season. This season has marked three firsts in the series history: this season had two winners (one female and one male), as opposed to the one winner format used in previous seasons, a contemporary dancer was not amongst the contestants remaining in the competition in the finale, and lastly, a ballet contestant is the winner of the competition.

Nigel Lythgoe
Nigel Lythgoe OBE (/ˈlɪθɡoʊ/; born 9 July 1949) is an English television and film director and producer, television dance competition judge, former dancer in the Young Generation and choreographer. He was the producer of the shows Pop Idol and American Idol and created the 2009 competition Superstars of Dance. He is also the creator and executive producer of So You Think You Can Dance, on which he served as a permanent judge for the first sixteen seasons.
VR-RNA
In molecular biology, VR-RNA is a small RNA produced by Clostridium perfringens. It functions as a regulator of the two-component VirR/VirS system.

VR-RNA regulates numerous genes including:

Toxin-encoding genes plc, colA and cpb2

Other virulence-related genes such as hyaluronidases and sialidase

Possible collagen adhesin gene (cna)

Extracellular nuclease, cadA

Enzymes such as Acid phosphatase, Heme oxygenase HemO and N-acetylglucosaminidases

Genes encoding transport proteins

Genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism

Genes encoding transport proteins

Arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway genes

Genes involved in citrate metabolism

VR-RNA regulates the toxin colA (collagenase)  by base-pairing to colA mRNA, the 3′ end of VR-RNA base-pairs to a region in the 5′UTR of the colA mRNA. This induces cleavage of the colA mRNA in the 5′ UTR and leads to stabilisation of the mRNA and increased translation.

Nuclease
In biochemistry, a nuclease (also archaically known as nucleodepolymerase or polynucleotidase) is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds that link nucleotides together to form nucleic acids. Nucleases variously affect single and double stranded breaks in their target molecules. In living organisms, they are essential machinery for many aspects of DNA repair. Defects in certain nucleases can cause genetic instability or immunodeficiency. Nucleases are also extensively used in molecular cloning.

There are two primary classifications based on the locus of activity. Exonucleases digest nucleic acids from the ends. Endonucleases act on regions in the middle of target molecules. They are further subcategorized as deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases. The former acts on DNA, the latter on RNA.
Tennis at the 2022 Mediterranean Games – Women's singles
The Women's singles event at the 2022 Mediterranean Games will be held from 27 June to 1 July at the Habib Khelil Tennis Complex.

Guiomar Maristany of Spain won the gold medal, defeating Nuria Brancaccio of Italy in the final, 6–2, 5–7, 6–2.

Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro of Spain won the bronze medal, defeating Chiraz Bechri of Tunisia in the bronze medal match, Walkover.

Guiomar Maristany
Guiomar Maristany Zuleta de Reales (born 19 February 1999) is a Spanish tennis player.
She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of world No. 168, achieved on 17 November 2025. On 30 January 2023, she peaked at No. 287 in the WTA doubles rankings. She has won eight titles in singles and six in doubles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
2013 CIS Men's Basketball Championship
The 2013 CIS Men's Final 8 Basketball Tournament was held March 8–10, 2013 in Ottawa, Ontario. It was the first of two consecutive CIS Championships to be held at Scotiabank Place (renamed July 2013 as Canadian Tire Centre) after the tournament was held in Halifax in 2011 and 2012. This was the fourth time Carleton University has hosted the tournament, with the most recent being in 2009. Carleton was joined by six other qualifiers and one wild card team. The Carleton Ravens won their ninth title in eleven years. In the process they set a new record for the most CIS Men's basketball championships.

Carleton Ravens
The Carleton Ravens are the athletic teams that represent Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario. The most notable sports team for Carleton is the men's basketball team. In men's basketball, the Ravens have won 16 of the last 19 national men's championships, which is more than any top division college in Canada or the United States. The Ravens went on an 87-game winning streak from 2003 to 2006. They also had a 54-game home winning streak. The Ravens finished 2nd in the World University Basketball Championships in 2004.

Outside basketball, the Ravens won the silver medal at the 2015 Winter Universiade in Granada. They are also the Men's Water Polo and Men's Fencing provincial champions.  The Men's Hockey team also placed 3rd in the province and made an appearance at nationals. Carleton participates in the Ontario University Athletics (OUA) Conference for all varsity sports, except the Women's Hockey and Rugby teams who play in Quebec Student Sport Federation (RSEQ).
Rhinella stanlaii
Rhinella stanlaii is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Bolivia and occurs on the Amazonian versant of the Bolivian Andes in the Cochabamba, La Paz, and Santa Cruz departments.

Rhinella stanlaii inhabits humid montane and cloud forests at elevations of 1,000–2,300 m (3,300–7,500 ft) above sea level. It can occur in disturbed habitats. It is not an uncommon species. It is not facing known significant threats. It occurs in a number of protected areas.

True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
Talbot armoured car
The Talbot armoured car was a British armoured car built on the chassis of a Clément-Talbot tourer. Built in small numbers to several patterns, the Talbot armoured cars saw service with the Royal Naval Air Service (R.N.A.S.) in the early years of the First World War, serving alongside Rolls-Royce and Delaunay-Belleville armoured cars.

Royal Naval Air Service
The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy, under the direction of the Admiralty's Air Department, and existed formally from 1 July 1914 to 1 April 1918, when it was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form the Royal Air Force (RAF), the world's first independent air force.

It was replaced by the Fleet Air Arm, initially consisting of those RAF units that normally operated from ships, but emerging as a separate unit similar to the original RNAS by the time of the Second World War.
Francesco Cattenari
Francesco Cattenari (born 17 January 1990) is an Italian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Avezzano Calcio.

In summer 2012 he was sold to Campobasso in a co-ownership deal. In June 2013 Pescara gave up the remain 50% registration rights of the player to Campobasso.

Co-ownership (association football)
Co-ownership is a system whereby two football clubs own the contract of a player jointly, although the player is only registered to play for one club. It is not a universal system, but is used in some countries, including Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. It was formerly commonplace in Italy, though the practice has now been abolished there.

This type of deal differs from third-party ownership, in that in the latter, the player's contract is owned by a non-footballing entity, such as a management company.
Compton Chine
Compton Chine is a geological feature on the south west coast of the Isle of Wight, England. It lies between the village of Brook to the east and Freshwater Bay to the west.  It is a small sandy coastal gully, one of a number of such chines on the island created by stream erosion of soft Cretaceous rocks. It leads from the 50 foot high clifftop to the beach of Compton Bay.

The Chine drains water off the slopes of Compton Down, to the north, into the sea.

The Isle of Wight Coastal Path crosses the top of the chine via a small footbridge.

Isle of Wight Coastal Path
The Isle of Wight Coastal Path (or Coastal Footpath) is a circular long-distance footpath of 70 miles (110 km) around the Isle of Wight, England. It follows public footpaths and minor lanes, with some sections along roads.