hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pandanales
Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order of flowering plants placed in the monocot clade in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web systems. Within the monocots Pandanales are grouped in the lilioid monocots where they are in a sister group relationship with the Dioscoreales. Historically the order has consisted of a number of different families in different systems but modern classification of the order is based primarily on molecular phylogenetics despite diverse morphology which previously placed many of the families in other groupings based on apparent similarity. Members of the order have a subtropical distribution and includes trees, shrubs, and vines as well as herbaceous plants. The order consists of 5 families, 36 genera and about 1,610 species.

Pandanaceae
Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa to the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, Pandanus, is the most important, with species like Pandanus amaryllifolius and karuka (Pandanus julianettii) being important sources of food. The family likely originated during the Late Cretaceous.
Alan Jones Racing
Alan Jones Racing was a motorsport team contesting the Australian Touring Car Championship. At the end of 1997 Alan Jones sold his share of the team to Jim and Ross Stone who renamed it Stone Brothers Racing.

Australian Touring Car Championship
The Australian Touring Car Championship (ATCC) is a touring car racing award held in Australia since 1960. The series itself is no longer contested, but the title lives on, with the winner of the Repco Supercars Championship awarded the trophy and title of Australian Touring Car Champion.
Islam Headworks
The Islam Headworks, commonly known as Head Islam, is a headworks on the River Sutlej in Hasilpur Tehsil (Bahawalpur District) of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is used for irrigation and flood control.

The barrage is about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of Hasilpur city and about 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) south of Luddan on the Vehari-Hasilpur road. It was completed in 1927 as the Sutlej Valley Project for irrigation of Neeli Bar. At 503 metres (1,650 ft) long with a design discharge of 8,500 cubic metres per second (300,000 cu ft/s), it has two off taking larger canals which irrigate 278,800 hectares (689,000 acres) of land in Southern Punjab and 283,300 hectares (700,000 acres) in the former Bahawalpur state. Mailsi Canal (150 m3/s) arises from its right bank and Bahawal Canal (150 m3/s) from the left; a third, smaller canal called Qaim Canal (15.8 m3/s) also arises from the left bank.

Hasilpur
Hasilpur (Punjabi and Urdu: حاصل پور), is a city in Hasilpur Tehsil of Bahawalpur District in Punjab, Pakistan. The city is located between the Satluj River and the Indian border and lies 96 km (60 mi) east of Bahawalpur.
Mountain Biking UK
Mountain Biking UK (often shortened to MBUK) is a British mountain biking magazine published by Our Media. It is currently the UK's best-selling mountain bike magazine, with a circulation of 18,471 (ABC: Jan – Dec 2022).

Mountain biking
Mountain biking (abbr. MTB) is a sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, usually using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain, such as air or coil-sprung shocks used as suspension, larger and wider wheels and tires, stronger frame materials, and mechanically or hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Mountain biking can generally be broken down into distinct categories: cross country, trail, all mountain, enduro, downhill and freeride.
This Is It (Jack Ingram album)
This Is It is the seventh studio album by American country music artist Jack Ingram, released in 2007. It is his second album for Big Machine Records. It features a cover of Hinder's hit single "Lips of an Angel", which Ingram released as a single, reaching No. 16 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts with it. "Measure of a Man" and "Maybe She'll Get Lonely", the second and third singles, respectively reached No. 18 and No. 24 on the same chart. Also featured are the singles "Wherever You Are" and "Love You", both of which were the only studio tracks on the otherwise live compilation Live: Wherever You Are, which Ingram released in 2006. This Is It also features the music videos for those two songs.

Wherever You Are (Jack Ingram song)
"Wherever You Are" is a song recorded by American country music artist Jack Ingram. It was Ingram's first Top 40 single on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. It was released in November 2005 as the lead-off single to Ingram's first album for Big Machine Records, Live: Wherever You Are.
Simpson Spence & Young
Simpson Spence & Young, (SSY), Simpson Spence Young, Simpson, Spence & Young Ltd. was founded in 1880 by Ernest Simpson, Lewis Spence and Captain William Young in New York City.  Ernest Louis Simpson started as a shipbroker from England. Simpson joined with shipbroker Lewis H. Spence and started Simpson & Spence in 1880. In 1882 Captain William Young joined the company and the name was changed to Simpson Spence & Young. Simpson Spence & Young opened a second office in Newcastle upon Tyne in England. Simpson son  Ernest Aldrich Simpson (1897-1958) joined the company.  The Simpson Spence & Young became very successful and becoming a worldwide shipping firm, with headquarters in London, one of the largest shipbrokers. Simpson Spence Young has 19 offices worldwide with over 400 employees. Simpson Spence Young operates dry bulk, tanker ships, tugboats and has other services.

Shipbroking
Shipbroking is a financial service, which forms part of the global shipping industry. Shipbrokers are specialist intermediaries/negotiators (i.e. brokers) between shipowners and charterers who use ships to transport cargo, or between buyers and sellers of vessels.
Stanovishchi
Stanovishchi (Russian: Становищи) is a rural locality (a village) in Krasnoplamenskoye Rural Settlement, Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
Arild Hestvik
Arild Hestvik (born 1960 in Trondheim, Norway) is a researcher in theoretical linguistics and experimental psychology.

Holding a Ph.D, obtained from Brandeis University in 1990, he is a professor at the University of Delaware, United States.

He has published several articles on Binding Theory and its relation to ellipsis, and the cognitive neuroscience of language processing.

Arild Hestvik is a specialist in using electroencephalographic (EEG) measures of brain activity in language experiments, studying both normal and language impaired populations.

Binding (linguistics)
In linguistics, binding is the phenomenon in which anaphoric elements such as pronouns are grammatically associated with their  antecedents. For instance, in the English sentence "Mary saw herself", the anaphor "herself" is bound by its antecedent "Mary". Binding can be licensed or blocked in certain contexts or syntactic configurations, e.g. the pronoun "her" cannot be bound by "Mary" in the English sentence "Mary saw her". While all languages have binding, restrictions on it vary even among closely related languages. Binding has been a major area of research in syntax and semantics since the 1970s and, as the name implies, is a core component of government and binding theory.
Dave's Picks Volume 32
Dave's Picks Volume 32 is a 3-CD live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead. It contains the complete concert recorded at the Spectrum in Philadelphia on March 24, 1973. It was released on November 1, 2019 in a limited edition of 20,000 copies.

Phil Lesh
Philip Chapman Lesh (March 15, 1940 – October 25, 2024) was an American musician and a founding member of the Grateful Dead, with whom he developed a unique style of  improvised six-string bass guitar. He was their bassist throughout their 30-year career.

After the group disbanded in 1995, Lesh continued the tradition of Grateful Dead family music with a side project, Phil Lesh and Friends, which paid homage to the Dead's music by playing their repertoire, as well as songs by members of his own group. Lesh operated a music venue called Terrapin Crossroads. From 2009 to 2014, he performed in Furthur alongside former Grateful Dead bandmate Bob Weir.  He scaled back touring in 2014 but continued to perform concerts.
2018 Tre Valli Varesine
The 2018 Tre Valli Varesine was the 98th edition of the Tre Valli Varesine road cycling one day race. It was held on 9 October 2018 as part of the 2018 UCI Europe Tour in category 1.HC, over a distance of 203 km, starting in Saronno and ending in Varese.

The race was won by Toms Skujiņš of Trek–Segafredo.

Toms Skujiņš
Toms Skujiņš (born 15 June 1991) is a Latvian professional road racing cyclist, who rides for UCI WorldTeam Lidl–Trek.

Two-time Latvian champion in group and four-time individual race. He has competed in the multi-day cycle race Tour de France seven times.
John N. and Elizabeth Taylor House
The John N. and Elizabeth Taylor House (more commonly just Taylor House) is a historic home in Columbia, Missouri which has been restored and once operated as a bed and breakfast.  The house was constructed in 1909 and is a 2+1⁄2-story, Colonial Revival style frame dwelling.  It features a wide front porch and side porte cochere.   The home was featured on HGTV special called "If walls could talk."

It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. In 2010 the house became a contributing property of the newly formed West Broadway Historic District.

Bed and breakfast
A bed and breakfast (typically shortened to B&B or BnB) is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and breakfast. In addition, a B&B sometimes has the hosts living in the house.

Bed and breakfast is also used to describe the level of catering included in a hotel's room prices, as opposed to room-only, half-board, or full-board.
Sabcomeline
Sabcomeline (Memric; SB-202,026) is a selective M1 receptor partial agonist that was under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It made it to phase III clinical trials before being discontinued due to poor results.

It is a non-selective agonist of all five muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with similar affinities. However, functional selectivity for the M1 receptor has been claimed in vitro and in vivo.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Bradfords Group
The Bradfords Group is a building supplies company with headquarters in Yeovil, Somerset. The business trades as Bradfords Building Supplies and Yeovil Plumbing Supplies in over 40 UK locations. In the year just ended (2018-2019)

Yeovil
Yeovil (/ˈjoʊvɪl/) is a town and civil parish in Somerset, England. It is close to Somerset's southern border with Dorset, 126 miles (203 km) west of London, 42 miles (68 km) south of Bristol, 6 miles (10 km) west of Sherborne and 28 miles (45 km) east of Taunton. The population of the built-up area – which includes the outlying areas of the town in the parishes of West Coker, Brympton and Yeovil Without – was 50,176 at the 2021 census.

The aircraft and defence industries which developed in the 20th century made it a target for bombing in the Second World War; they are still major employers. Yeovil Country Park, which includes Ninesprings, is one of several open spaces with educational, cultural and sporting facilities. Religious sites include the 14th-century Church of St John the Baptist. The town is on the A30 and A37 roads and has two railway stations.
2004–05 Swiss Challenge League
The 2004–05 Swiss Challenge League was the second season of the Swiss Challenge League, and the 73rd season of the second tier of the Swiss football league pyramid. It began on 30 July 2004 and ended on 28 May 2005. The champions of this season, Yverdon-Sport FC, earned promotion to the 2005–06 Super League. FC Bulle finished last and were relegated to the Swiss 1. Liga.

Swiss Challenge League
The Challenge League (known as the Dieci Challenge League for sponsorship reasons) is the second-highest tier of the Swiss football league system and lower of two professional leagues in the country. Ten teams play in the Challenge League; the winners of the league are promoted to the Super League, while the bottom-placed team is relegated to the Promotion League.
Fern LeBlanc
Fernand LeBlanc (born  January 12, 1956) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played 34 games in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Red Wings between 1976 and 1978. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1976 to 1989, was mainly spent in the Swiss National League B. As a youth, he played in the 1967 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Baie-Comeau.

Swiss League
The Swiss League, also known as the  Sky Swiss League for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the main professional ice hockey league in Switzerland, behind the National League. The winners of the league each season plays a best-of-seven series against the bottom team of the NL, and if they win, they are promoted, while the National League team is relegated to the Swiss League.

In 2024, the Swiss League changed its name to Sky Swiss League as a partnership with broadcaster Sky Switzerland. 
Prior to the 2017–18 season, the league was formerly called National League B. The league attendance in 2018–19 was about 2,700 spectators.
Scuderia Coloni
Coloni Motorsport, also known as Scuderia Coloni, was an auto racing team from Italy. Founded by former racing driver Enzo Coloni in 1983, the team participated in Formula Three between 1983 and 1986, before racing in Formula One as Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems between 1987 and 1991. They made 82 attempts to take part in a Formula One race but only qualified 14 times. After exiting Formula One, under the management of Enzo Coloni's son Paolo, the team was successful in Formula Three, Formula 3000 and GP2. Between 2006 and 2009 the team ran under the name of Fisichella Motor Sport, with support from Formula One driver Giancarlo Fisichella and his manager Enrico Zanarini.

Cosworth
Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958, specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines, powertrain, and electronics for automobile racing (motorsport) and mainstream automotive industries. Cosworth is based in Northampton, England, with facilities in Cottenham, England, Silverstone, England, and Indianapolis, IN, US.

Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One (F1) as engine supplier, ranking third with most wins, behind Ferrari and Mercedes.
Shakopee III
Shakopee III (1811 – 11 November 1865) was a Mdewakanton Dakota chief who was involved at the start of the Dakota War of 1862. Born Eatoka, which means "Another Language," he became known as Ṡaḳpedaƞ or Little Six after the death of his father in 1860.

Following the Dakota uprising in Minnesota, Little Six fled to Rupert's Land in present-day Manitoba, Canada. In January 1864, chiefs Little Six and Medicine Bottle were drugged, captured and transported across the U.S.–Canadian border to Pembina. There, they were arrested by Major Edwin A. C. Hatch and taken back to Fort Snelling. Little Six faced trial by a military commission in December 1864 and was executed by hanging on November 11, 1865. The Little Six Casino operated by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community in Shakopee, Minnesota is named after him.

Military tribunals in the United States
Military tribunals in the United States are military courts designed to judicially try members of enemy forces during wartime, operating outside the scope of conventional criminal and civil proceedings. The judges are military officers and fulfill the role of jurors. Military tribunals are distinct from courts-martial.

A military tribunal is an inquisitorial system based on charges brought by military authorities, prosecuted by a military authority, judged by military officers, and sentenced by military officers against a member of an enemy army.

The United States has made use of military tribunals or commissions, rather than rely on a court-martial, within the military justice system, during times of declared war or rebellion.

Most recently, as discussed below, the administration of George W. Bush sought to use military tribunals to try "unlawful enemy combatants", mostly individuals captured abroad and held at a prison camp at a military base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba.
Mod n cryptanalysis
In cryptography, mod n cryptanalysis is an attack applicable to block and stream ciphers. It is a form of partitioning cryptanalysis that exploits unevenness in how the cipher operates over equivalence classes (congruence classes) modulo n. The method was first suggested in 1999 by John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, and David Wagner and applied to RC5P (a variant of RC5) and M6 (a family of block ciphers used in the FireWire standard). These attacks used the properties of binary addition and bit rotation modulo a Fermat prime.

Fermat number
In mathematics, a Fermat number, named after Pierre de Fermat (1601–1665), the first known to have studied them, is a positive integer of the form:  where n is a non-negative integer. The first few Fermat numbers are: 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537, 4294967297, 18446744073709551617, 340282366920938463463374607431768211457, ... (sequence A000215 in the OEIS).

If 2k + 1 is prime and k > 0, then k itself must be a power of 2, so 2k + 1 is a Fermat number; such primes are called Fermat primes. As of January 2025, the only known Fermat primes are F0 = 3, F1 = 5, F2 = 17, F3 = 257, and F4 = 65537 (sequence A019434 in the OEIS).
Memories of Matsuko
Memories of Matsuko (嫌われ松子の一生, Kiraware Matsuko no Isshō; "Life of despised Matsuko") is a 2006 Japanese tragicomedy musical film written and directed by Tetsuya Nakashima. It is based on a Japanese novel by Muneki Yamada.

It has not yet received North American distribution, though in its North American premiere at the 2007 New York Asian Film Festival, the film received the Audience Award with an average rating of 9.2.

New York Asian Film Festival
The New York Asian Film Festival (NYAFF) is a film festival held in New York City dedicated to the display of Asian film and culture. The New York Asian Film Festival generally features contemporary premieres and classic titles from Eastern Asia and Southeast Asia (particularly Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, Philippines, and Thailand), though South Asian cinema has also been represented via films from India and Pakistan.
Brian Sampson (footballer)
Brian Eric Sampson (15 February 1941 – 16 December 2012) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and West Perth in the West Australian Football League (WAFL).

1962 VFL grand final
The 1962 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Essendon Football Club and Carlton Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 29 September 1962. It was the 65th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1962 VFL season. The match, attended by 98,385 spectators, was won by Essendon by a margin of 32 points, marking that club's 11th premiership victory.
RAF 3
The RAF 3 is a British liquid-cooled, V-12 engine developed for aircraft use during World War I. Based on the eight–cylinder RAF 1 it was designed by the Royal Aircraft Factory but produced by the two British companies of Armstrong Whitworth and Napier & Son. The RAF 7 was a high compression version of the same engine.

Bore (engine)
In a piston engine, the bore (or cylinder bore) is the diameter of each cylinder.

Engine displacement is calculated based on bore, stroke length and the number of cylinders:

displacement = π (⁠1/2⁠ × bore)2 × stroke × ncylinders

The stroke ratio, determined by dividing the bore by the stroke, traditionally indicated whether an engine was designed for power at high engine speeds (rpm) or torque at lower engine speeds. The term "bore" can also be applied to the bore of a locomotive cylinder or steam engine pistons.
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer
"The rich get richer and the poor get poorer" is an aphorism attributed to Percy Bysshe Shelley. In A Defence of Poetry (1821, not published until 1840) Shelley remarked that the promoters of utility had exemplified the saying, "To him that hath, more shall be given; and from him that hath not, the little that he hath shall be taken away. The rich have become richer, and the poor have become poorer; and the vessel of the State is driven between the Scylla and Charybdis of anarchy and despotism." It describes a positive feedback loop (a corresponding negative feedback loop would be e.g. progressive tax).

"To him that hath" etc. is a reference to Matthew 25:29 (the parable of the talents, see also Matthew effect). The aphorism is commonly evoked, with variations in wording, as a synopsis of the effect of free market capitalism producing excessive inequality.

Aphorism
An aphorism (from Greek ἀφορισμός: aphorismos, denoting 'delimitation', 'distinction', and 'definition') is a concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle. Aphorisms are often handed down by tradition from generation to generation.

The concept is generally distinct from those of an adage, brocard, chiasmus, epigram, maxim (legal or philosophical), principle, proverb, and saying; although some of these concepts could be construed as types of aphorism.

Often aphorisms are distinguished from other short sayings by the need for interpretation to make sense of them. In A Theory of the Aphorism, Andrew Hui defined an aphorism as "a short saying that requires interpretation".

A famous example is:

You cannot step into the same river twice.
Chicago Cafe
The Chicago Cafe is a Chinese restaurant in Woodland, California. It is one of the oldest Chinese restaurants in the United States. The restaurant was founded in the early 20th century, either in 1910 (according to researchers at University of California, Davis) or 1903 (according to the Fong family). In 1903, city directories excluded Chinese businesses, making it difficult to verify if the restaurant had opened in 1903.

The restaurant has been owned by three generations of the Fong family. The menu has barely changed since the 1950s, and it includes food items associated with early American Chinese cuisine, such as egg foo young and chow mein. Located at 411 Main Street, it is close to the Yolo County Courthouse. The interior includes black swivel diner stools. In 2025, it was announced that the restaurant was for sale.

Egg foo young
Egg foo young (Chinese: 芙蓉蛋; pinyin: fúróngdàn; Jyutping: fu4 jung4 daan6*2 (literally meaning "hibiscus egg"), also spelled with fu and yong or yung) is an omelette dish found in Chinese cuisine.
The name comes from the Cantonese language.