hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 3945
NGC 3945 is a barred lenticular galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on March 19, 1790.

NGC 3945 has a complex structure, with two concentric bars and a pseudobulge. Unlike classical bulges which are like miniature elliptical galaxies, pseudobulges have features similar to disk galaxies, including a flattened structure and significant rotation. It is classified as a LINER galaxy. The formation history of NGC 3945 is likely quite complex, with the pseudo-bulge being formed gradually from disk material, while bulges (spheroidal components) would have formed from violent merger events.

Unlike galaxies with similar velocity dispersions and luminosities, the central black hole of NGC 3945 has an unusually low mass, estimated to be around 9×106 M☉. However, it is also possible that NGC 3945 has no central black hole at all.

Galaxy merger
Galaxy mergers can occur when two (or more) galaxies collide.  They are the most violent type of galaxy interaction. The gravitational interactions between galaxies and the friction between the gas and dust have major effects on the galaxies involved, but the exact effects of such mergers depend on a wide variety of parameters such as collision angles, speeds, and relative size/composition, and are currently an extremely active area of research. Galaxy mergers are important because the merger rate is a fundamental measurement of galaxy evolution and also provides astronomers with clues about how galaxies grew into their current forms over long stretches of time.
Architecture of San Francisco
The architecture of San Francisco is not so much known for defining a particular architectural style; rather, with its interesting and challenging variations in geography and topology and tumultuous history, San Francisco is known worldwide for its particularly eclectic mix of Victorian and modern architecture. Bay windows were identified as a defining characteristic of San Francisco architecture in a 2012 study that had a machine learning algorithm examine a random sample of 25,000 photos of cities from Google Street View.

Icons of San Francisco architecture include the Golden Gate Bridge, Alcatraz Island, Coit Tower, the Palace of Fine Arts, Lombard Street, Alamo Square, Fort Point, the Transamerica Pyramid, and Chinatown. Included below are summaries of the historical significance of some of these great San Franciscan architectural achievements.

Google Street View
Google Street View is a technology featured in Google Maps and Google Earth that provides interactive panoramas from positions along many streets in the world. Google Street View displays interactive panoramas of stitched VR photographs. Most photography is done by car, but some is done by tricycle, camel, boat, snowmobile, underwater apparatus, and on foot.

First launched in 2007 in several cities in the United States, Street View has since expanded to include all of the country's major and minor cities, as well as the cities and rural areas of many other countries worldwide. As of 2017, Street View had coverage in 83 countries. Street View has been used for research in fields like urban analytics and geographic information science. Street View imagery has also been used in artistic work.
Roberto Pérez de Alva
Roberto Pérez de Alva Blanco (born 2 April 1953) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He served as Senator of the LVIII and LIX Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Baja California and as Deputy of the LVII Legislature. He also served as a local deputy in the XV Legislature of the Congress of Baja California.

LVIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LVIII Legislature of the Congress of the Union of Mexico (58th Congress) met from 1 September 2000 to 31 August 2003. All 628 members of the two chambers of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2000.
Jake Siewert
Richard L. "Jake" Siewert Jr. (born February 1, 1964) is an American political advisor serving as the head of corporate communications for investment bank Goldman Sachs. He served as the 22nd White House Press Secretary and the last of the Clinton administration and later in the Treasury department during the Obama Administration.

Corporate communication
Corporate communication(s) is a set of activities involved in managing and orchestrating all internal and external communications aimed at creating a favourable point of view among stakeholders on which a company depends. It is the messages issued by a corporate organization, body or institute to its audiences, such as employees, media, channel partners and the general public. Organizations aim to communicate the same message to all its stakeholders, to transmit coherence, credibility and ethics.

Corporate communication helps organizations explain their mission, combine its many visions and values into a cohesive message to stakeholders. The concept of corporate communication could be seen as an integrative communication structure linking stakeholders to  the organisation.

1. It enables people to exchange necessary information and 
2. It helps to set members of the organisation apart from non-members.
Mamoru Miyano filmography
Mamoru Miyano (宮野 真守, Miyano Mamoru) is a Japanese actor and singer, known for his voice roles in anime series and films, specials, original video animation, and video games. He is best known for his roles in Steins;Gate, Durarara!!, Death Note, Soul Eater, Wolf's Rain, Ouran High School Host Club, Ajin: Demi-Human, Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, Free!, Mobile Suit Gundam 00, Hunter x Hunter, Chihayafuru, Bungo Stray Dogs, Uta no Prince-sama and Zombieland Saga. Miyano won the Best Voice Actor award at the 2008 Tokyo International Anime Fair. At the 2nd Seiyu Awards, he won Best Lead Actor Award for his role as Setsuna F. Seiei in Mobile Suit Gundam 00 and Hakugen Rikuson in Kōtetsu Sangokushi.

Chihayafuru
Chihayafuru (ちはやふる) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yuki Suetsugu. It was serialized in Kodansha's josei manga magazine Be Love from December 2007 to August 2022, with its chapters collected in 50 tankōbon volumes. It is about a school girl, Chihaya Ayase, who is inspired by a new classmate to take up Hyakunin Isshu karuta competitively.

An anime television series adaptation aired from October 2011 to March 2012. The second season aired from January to June 2013 and the third from October 2019 to March 2020. Three live-action film adaptations were released from 2016 to 2018.

By February 2025, Chihayafuru had over 29 million copies in circulation, making it one of the best-selling manga series. The manga has won the second Manga Taishō and the 35th Kodansha Manga Award. Its popularity has boosted the profile of competitive karuta in Japan.
Live Upon a Blackstar
Live Upon a Blackstar is the first live album from the American electronic rock project Celldweller. It includes a Live DVD/Blu-ray with footages taken in the US, Russian, Japanese and Canadian live shows. The full backing videos from the shows are also included on the DVD in High Definition along with "tour diaries, 2 Celldweller music videos and more". Live Upon a Blackstar is also accompanied by an audio-only CD and digital release.

Electronic rock
Electronic rock (also known as synth rock and electro rock) is a music genre that involves a combination of rock music and electronic music, featuring instruments typically found within both genres. It originates from the late 1960s when rock bands began incorporating electronic instrumentation into their music. Electronic rock acts usually fuse elements from other music styles, including punk rock, industrial rock, hip hop, techno and synth-pop, which has helped spur subgenres such as indietronica, dance-punk and electroclash.
Turiasorex
Turiasorex is an extinct genus of shrew which existed in east central Spain, during the middle and late Miocene. Its fossils have been recovered from the Calatayud-Daroca and Teruel basins, Spain. It was first named by Jan A. van Dam, Lars W. van den Hoek Ostende and Jelle W. F. Reumer in 2011 and the type species is Turiasorex pierremeini.

2011 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2011.
The Art of Memory II
The Art of Memory II is a live album of improvised experimental rock music by Fred Frith and John Zorn. It was recorded in New York City in January 1983 and July 1985, and was released on Frith's Fred Records label in May 2008. It is the second in a series of two Art of Memory albums recorded by the duo, the first being The Art of Memory, recorded in New York City in late 1993, and released on Derek Bailey's Incus Records label in 1994.

The Art of Memory II, recorded before The Art of Memory and described by Frith as "early 80s weirdness with John Zorn" marked the beginning of a long and fruitful musical partnership between Frith and Zorn. The concerts, recorded using a cassette recorder, were "on the borderline between music and chaos" and featured Frith and Zorn playing a number of unconventional instruments.

Fred Records
Fred Records is a British independent record label created in 2002 by the English guitarist, composer and improvisor Fred Frith to re-release his own back catalogue of recordings and previously unreleased material. It is an independent company working in co-operation with Chris Cutler and Recommended Records, utilising Recommended Records' distribution network.
Fischbach/Rhön
Fischbach/Rhön (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪʃbax]) is a village and a former municipality in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district of Thuringia, Germany. Since 31 December 2013, it is part of the town Kaltennordheim.

Schmalkalden-Meiningen
Schmalkalden-Meiningen is a Landkreis in the southwest of Thuringia, Germany. Its neighboring districts are (from the northwest clockwise) the districts Wartburgkreis, Gotha, Ilm-Kreis, the district-free city Suhl, the district Hildburghausen, the Bavarian district Rhön-Grabfeld, and the district Fulda in Hesse.
Edmund Meade-Waldo
Edmund Gustavus Bloomfield Meade-Waldo (8 February 1855 – 24 February 1934) was an English ornithologist and conservationist. He is probably best known for his efforts to preserve the red kite in Wales.

Red kite
The red kite (Milvus milvus) is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as eagles, buzzards, and harriers. The species currently breeds only in Europe, though it formerly also bred in West Asia and Northwest Africa. Historically, it was only resident in the milder parts of its range in Western Europe and Northwestern Africa, whereas all or most red kites in Northern mainland Europe wintered to the south and west, some also reaching western Asia, but an increasing number of northern birds now remain in that region year-round. Vagrants have reached north to Finland and south to Israel, Libya and the Gambia.
Ahimaaz
Ahimaaz (Hebrew: אֲחִימַעַץ‎ ʾĂḥīmaʿaṣ, "My Brother Is Counselor") was son of the high priest Zadok.

Ahimaaz first appears in the reign of King David (reigned c. 1000-962 BCE). During Absalom's revolt he remained faithful to David, and, along with Jonathan, son of Abiathar, assisted him by giving him news about the proceedings of Absalom in Jerusalem (2 Samuel 15:24–37; 17:15–21). He was a swift runner, and was the first to bring David news of the defeat of Absalom, although he refrained from mentioning his death (2 Samuel 18:19–33).

Under King Solomon (c. 970–930 BCE), Ahimaaz's father Zadok became high priest. When Zadok died, Ahimaaz succeeded him in that position (1 Chronicles 6:8, 53).

He may have been the same Ahimaaz who took as wife Basemath, one of Solomon's daughters (1 Kings 4:15). Subsequent kings of Israel, Ahaz, also married daughters of the high priest.

Ahaz
Ahaz (Hebrew: אָחָז, romanized: ʼĀḥāz, lit. '"has held"'; Greek: Ἄχαζ, Ἀχάζ Akhaz; Latin: Achaz) an abbreviation of Jehoahaz II (of Judah), "Yahweh has held" (Hebrew: יְהוֹאָחָז, Modern: Yəhō’aḥaz, Tiberian: Yŏhō’āḥāz; Akkadian: 𒅀𒌑𒄩𒍣 Ya'úḫazi [ia-ú-ḫa-zi]) was the twelfth king of Judah, and the son and successor of Jotham. Ahaz was 20 when he became king of Judah and reigned for 16 years.

Ahaz is portrayed as an evil king in the Second Book of Kings (2 Kings 16:2).

In Edwin R. Thiele's opinion, Ahaz was co-regent with Jotham from 736/735 BC, and his sole reign began in 732/731 and ended in 716/715 BC. However, William F. Albright has dated his reign to 744–728 BC.

The Gospel of Matthew lists Ahaz of Judah in the genealogy of Jesus. He is also mentioned in Isaiah 7 and Isaiah 14:28.
Namkungia biryongensis
Namkungia biryongensis is a species of cave-dwelling insect in the family Grylloblattidae. Its type locality is Biryong Cave in Jeongseon County, Gangwon Province, South Korea.

It was first described in 1974 by Joon Namkung as Galloisiana biryongensis.

Gangwon Province, South Korea
Gangwon Province (Korean: 강원도; RR: Gangwon-do), officially Gangwon State (강원특별자치도; lit. Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province), is a Special Self-Governing Province of South Korea. It is known as the largest and least densely populated subdivision of South Korea. Gangwon is one of the three provinces in South Korea with special self-governing status, the others being Jeju Province and Jeonbuk State. Gangwon is bordered on the east by the East Sea(Or Sea of Japan), it borders Gyeonggi Province to the west, North Gyeongsang Province and North Chungcheong Province to the south, and the Military Demarcation Line to the north, separating it from North Korea. In the 1945 division of Korea, the historical Gangwon Province was divided in half, and remains so to this day.

Pyeongchang County in Gangwon hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2018 Winter Paralympics. Gangwon also hosted the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics.
Opel Kadett
The Opel Kadett is a small family car produced by the German automobile manufacturer Opel from 1936 until 1940 and then from 1962 until 1991 (the Cabrio continued until 1993), when it was succeeded by the Opel Astra.

Originally, the Kadett was Opel's smallest model; however, as it grew in size with each generation (ultimately competing in the European C-segment), the Opel Corsa became GM/Opel's entry-level model.

Reichsmark
The Reichsmark (German: [ˈʁaɪçsˌmaʁk] ⓘ; sign: ℛ︁ℳ︁; abbreviation: RM) was the currency of Germany from 1924 until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, and in the American, British and French occupied zones of Germany, until 20 June 1948. The Reichsmark was then replaced by the Deutsche Mark, to become the currency of West Germany and then all of Germany after the 1990 reunification. The Reichsmark was used in the Soviet occupation zone in Germany until 23 June 1948, where it was replaced by the East German mark. The Reichsmark was subdivided into 100 Reichspfennig (Rpf or ℛ︁₰). The mark is an ancient Germanic weight measure, traditionally a half pound, later used for several coins; Reich ('realm') comes from the official name for the German state from 1871 to 1945, Deutsches Reich.
Bar tack
In sewing, bar tack, also written bar-tack or bartack, refers to a series of stitches used to reinforce areas of a garment that may be subject to stress or additional wear. Typical areas for bar tack stitches include pocket openings, buttonholes, belt loops, the bottom of a fly opening, tucks, pleats and the corners of collars. Bar tacks may be sewn by hand, using whip stitches, or by machine, using zigzag stitches. The process for sewing a bar tack is essentially to sew several long, narrowly spaced stitches along the line of the bar that will be formed, followed by short stitches made perpendicular to the long stitches, through the fabric and over the bar. The bar commonly varies between 1⁄16 to 1⁄8 inch (1.6 to 3.2 mm) in width and 1⁄4 to 3⁄8 inch (6.4 to 9.5 mm) in length. In some garments, such as jeans, the bar tack will be sewn in a contrasting color.

Similar stitches to the bar tack include the arrowhead tack and crow's foot tack.

Collar (clothing)
In clothing, a collar (/kɒlər/) is the part of a shirt, dress, coat or blouse that fastens around or frames the neck.  Among clothing construction professionals, a collar is differentiated from other necklines such as revers and lapels, by being made from a separate piece of fabric, rather than a folded or cut part of the same piece of fabric used for the main body of the garment.

A collar may be permanently attached to the main body of the garment (e.g. by stitching) or detachable.
That's So Raven Too!
That's So Raven Too! is the second soundtrack album from the hit Disney Channel original series, That's So Raven. The soundtrack debuted and peaked at #44, on the Billboard 200, selling 22,600 copies in its first week. Since then, the soundtrack has sold 200,000 copies (as of 2007). The soundtrack includes the single "Some Call it Magic" by Raven-Symoné. The album also features songs from other artists such as Jesse McCartney, B5, Everlife, Anneliese van der Pol, Orlando Brown, Aretha Franklin, and Aly & AJ.

B5 (group)
B5, previously known as TNT Boyz and Audio, is an American R&B group originating from St. Petersburg, Florida, which later relocated to Atlanta, Georgia. The group consists of the five Breeding family brothers, Dustin Michael (b. October 8, 1987), Kelly Allen (b. February 27, 1989), Patrick Owen (b. September 19, 1990), Carnell Frederick (b. Hunnicutt, November 30, 1991), and Bryan Jesse (b. October 14, 1992). Formerly known as the TNT Boyz, consisting of the four oldest brothers, the band renamed to B5 after the youngest brother Bryan, joined the group.

Since 2018, the members of the band have been working together once more as B5.
Tegan Bennett Daylight
Tegan Bennett Daylight (born 1969, in Sydney) is an Australian writer of novels and short stories. She is best known as a fiction writer, teacher and critic, publishing both books of non-fiction and numerous short stories. She has also written several books for children and teenagers. She is the author of Bombora (1996), What Falls Away (2001) and Safety (2006).

Bombora was short-listed for the Australian/Vogel Literary Award and the Kathleen Mitchell Award. In 2002, she was named one of The Sydney Morning Herald’s “Best Young Australian Novelists”.

Bennett Daylight's story collection Six Bedrooms, was published by Vintage in 2015 and was shortlisted for the 2016 Stella Prize.

Daylight also works as a Creative Writing lecturer at Western Sydney University.

Having moved from Sydney, she now lives in Katoomba in the Blue Mountains with her husband Russell Daylight and their two children.

Kathleen Mitchell Award
The Kathleen Mitchell Award is a bi-annual Australian literature prize for young authors. It was established in 1996 and is awarded every second year with prize money originally being A$5000, by 2012 that amount had grown to A$ 15,000 and in 2014 it increased to A$ 20,000. After not being awarded in 2016 it was awarded again in 2019 with a prize money of A$ 15,000.

The prize was established in the will of Kathleen Mitchell with the following aim: "the advancement, improvement and betterment of Australian literature, to improve the educational style of the authors, and to provide them with additional amounts and thus enable them to improve their literary efforts". The price is managed by The Trust Company and a committee of 3 jurors is awarding the price every 2 years. Only Australian authors under the age of 30 are eligible to participate.

The Australian called it a "leading literary award".
Katrina Murray
Katrina Laidlan Murray is a Scottish Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cumbernauld and Kirkintilloch since 2024.

In the 2010 United Kingdom general election, she was the Labour candidate for Dundee East but lost to Stewart Hosie from the Scottish National Party (SNP).

In 2018, Murray was involved in an internal policy dispute within Labour's National Policy Forum after "Katrina Murray, the NPF's vice-chair, was dramatically over-ruled on the floor of the meeting by Andy Kerr, the chair of Labour's ruling National Executive Committee."

Dundee East (UK Parliament constituency)
Dundee East was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (at Westminster). Created for the 1950 general election, it elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post voting system.

This was one of the safest SNP seats. Since 2005, Stewart Hosie of the Scottish National Party had served as the MP for the constituency. On 14 November 2014, Hosie was elected as Deputy Leader of the Scottish National Party, succeeding Nicola Sturgeon, who was elected as the party leader; Hosie served as Deputy Leader until 13 October 2016.

At the 2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was subject to boundary changes, gaining the town of Arbroath and surrounding areas, partly offset by the loss of parts of East End, Maryfield and Strathmartine from the Dundee City council area which moved to Dundee Central. As a consequence, Dundee East was renamed Arbroath and Broughty Ferry, and was first contested at the 2024 general election.
Entities (album)
Entities is the debut album from Malefice, a British thrash metal/melodic death metal band from Reading, Berkshire. It was released 20 August 2007 and was produced by Justin Hill and Dan Weller of the band SikTh. A video for "Risen Through the Ashes" was also made to coincide with the release of the album.

Dan Weller
Dan Weller (born 3 April 1980) is an English record producer, audio mixer, songwriter and guitarist, known for his work in rock and metal. He was born in Liverpool and moved to Hertfordshire at age of six. At 15 he began playing guitar and formed a band with school friends. That band later became SikTh.
2014 Westmeath County Council election
An election to all 20 seats on Westmeath County Council took place on 23 May 2014 as part of the 2014 Irish local elections, a reduction from 23 seats at the 2009 election. The town councils of Athlone and Mullingar were also abolished. County Westmeath was divided into three local electoral areas (LEAs) to elect councillors for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

Fianna Fáil emerged as the largest party after the elections as both government parties suffered at the polls. Labour lost two-thirds of their Councillors being reduced to just 2 seats while Fine Gael also lost 3 seats. Sinn Féin won seats on the council for the first time, 3 in total, and were joined by 2 Independents.

Local electoral area
A local electoral area (LEA; Irish: toghlimistéar áitiúil) is an electoral area for elections to local authorities in Ireland. All elections use the single transferable vote. Ireland is divided into 166 LEAs, with an average population of 28,700 and average area of 423.3 square kilometres (163.4 sq mi). The boundaries of LEAs are determined by order of the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage, usually based on lower-level units called electoral divisions (EDs), with a total of 3,440 EDs in the state.

As well as their use for electoral purposes, LEAs are local administrative units in Eurostat NUTS classification. They are used in local numbers of cases of COVID-19.