hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dhamek Stupa
Dhamek Stupa (also spelled Dhamekh and Dhamekha) is a massive stupa located in Deer Park at Sarnath in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. One of the eight most important pilgrimage sites for Buddhists, the Dhamek Stupa marks the location where the Buddha gave his first teaching to his first five disciples Kaundinya, Assaji, Bhaddiya, Vappa and Mahanama. All five disciples eventually became fully liberated. According to the Lalitavistara sutra, the Buddha said he chooses "Deer Park by the Hill of the Fallen Sages, outside of Varanasi" for the location of his first teachings of Buddhism.

Archaeological Survey of India
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an Indian government agency that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural historical monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham during the British Raj who also became its first Director-General.
Nayadikali
Nayadikali (literally means hunting dance) is a traditional folk art form that exists among the Panan community of the Valluvanad region (present-day Palakkad, Thrissur districts) in Kerala, India. It is usually performed ahead of the Pooram festival at the Devi temples in the region, for the good and prosperity of the people and region.

Kingdom of Valluvanad
Valluvanad (Malayalam: [ʋɐɭːuʋɐnaːɖə̆]), or the Arangottu Swarupam, was a medieval state that exerted considerable influence in the region corresponding to present-day north-central Kerala, south India, from the early 12th century until the close of the 18th century CE.

Attested as early as the late 10th century CE as a constituent chiefdom of the medieval Chera kingdom of Kerala, Valluvanad emerged as a sovereign state following the kingdom's dissolution in the early 12th century CE. It was traditionally ruled by a Samanthan family known as Vellodis, similar to the Eradis of the neighboring Eranad (the Zamorins of Calicut). The rulers of Valluvanad held the title of Valluvakonathiri or Vellattiri.

The state was disestablished in 1793, with the East India Company taking over its administration directly, and the hereditary ruling family settling for a pension arrangement.
Osman Ahmed (artist)
Dr Osman Ahmed (Sorani Kurdish: عوسمان ئەحمەد) (born 1962) is a Kurdish-British artist from Iraq who has been exhibited in galleries across Europe and the Middle East, including the Tate Britain and the Imperial War Museum. He has been described as "one of Kurdistan’s best-known artists" by The Economist.

Sulaymaniyah
Sulaymaniyah or Slemani (Kurdish: سلێمانی, romanized: Silêmanî; Arabic: السليمانية, romanized: as-Sulaymāniyyah), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and is the capital of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It is surrounded by the Azmar, Goizha and Qaiwan Mountains in the northeast, Baranan Mountain in the south and the Tasluja Hills in the west. The city has a semi-arid climate with very hot dry summers and cold wet winters.

The modern city of Slemani was founded in 1784 by the Ottoman-Kurdish prince Ibrahim Pasha Baban in Collaboration with Azim Beg and Haji Aziz Bey Aghal Dwanze Swarey Meriwane Jawamer Agha Rangena, who named it after his father Sulayman Pasha. Slemani was the capital of the historic Kurdish principality of Baban from 1784 to 1850.
Recife Cinema Festival
Recife Cinema Festival, also known as Recife Audiovisual Festival or Cine-PE, is a competitive film and audiovisual festival hosted in Recife. It is dedicated to the Brazilian and state production of feature and short films, as well as videos and documentaries.

Gilberto Freyre
Gilberto de Mello Freyre (March 15, 1900 – July 18, 1987) was a Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian, writer, painter, journalist and congressman born in Recife. Considered one of the most important sociologists of the 20th century, his best-known work is a sociological treatise named Casa-Grande & Senzala (literally, "The main house and the slave quarters", usually translated into English as The Masters and the Slaves).
Lotilaner
Lotilaner, sold under the brand name Xdemvy, is an ectoparasiticide (anti-parasitic) medication used for the treatment of blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid) caused by infestation by Demodex (tiny mites). It is used as an eye drop.

It was approved for medical use in the United States in July 2023. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

Lotilaner is a member of the isoxazoline family of compounds.

First-in-class medication
A first-in-class medication is a prototype drug that uses a "new and unique mechanism of action" to treat a particular medical condition. While the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research tracks first-in-class medications and reports on them annually, first-in-class is not considered a regulatory category. Although many first-in-class medications qualify as breakthrough therapies, Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapies and/or orphan drugs, first-in-class status itself has no regulatory effect.
1995 Campionati Internazionali di San Marino – Doubles
Neil Broad and Greg Van Emburgh were the defending champions, but none competed this year. Broad chose to compete at Cincinnati during the same week.

Jordi Arrese and Andrew Kratzmann won the title by defeating Pablo Albano and Federico Mordegan 7–6, 3–6, 6–2 in the final.

1995 Thriftway ATP Championships – Doubles
Alex O'Brien and Sandon Stolle were the defending champions, but lost in second round to Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor.

Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde won the title. They were leading 6–2, 3–0 to Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor until the latter were forced to retire.
Our Mother of Africa Chapel
The Our Mother of Africa Chapel is a shrine housed in the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. It was built in the 1990s after a fundraising appeal sponsored by the National Black Catholic Congress, and was dedicated in 1997.

It features a large bronze statue of Our Mother of Africa, a Madonna and Child figure styled with Sub-Saharan African features, designed by Ed Dwight. Other sculptures flank the chapel and represent various aspects of African-American culture and history.

John Huston Ricard
John Huston Ricard, SSJ, (born February 29, 1940) is an American Catholic prelate who served as bishop of Pensacola-Tallahassee in Florida from 1997 to 2011 and as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Baltimore in Maryland from 1984 to 1997.

Ricard was elected superior general of the Society of St. Joseph of the Sacred Heart (Josephites) in 2019 and reelected in 2023.
1985 Norwegian Second Division
The 1985 2. Divisjon was a second-tier football league in Norway. The league consisted of 24 teams, divided into groups A and B. The winners within each group were promoted to the 1986 1. divisjon. The second-place teams of each group met the tenth position finisher in the  1. divisjon in a qualification round, with the winner promoted to 1. divisjon. The bottom three teams of both groups were relegated to the 3. divisjon.

Moss FK
Moss Fotballklubb is a Norwegian football club, founded on 28 August 1906. They play in the 1. divisjon, the second highest division in the Norwegian football league system. They played in the Norwegian top flight between 1937–1939, 1953–54, 1977–1985 (9 seasons), 1987–1990 (4 seasons), 1996 and 1998–2002. The club came close to earning promotion to the top flight in 2005, but lost the play-off against Molde.
Polishchuk (surname)
Polishchuk is a Ukrainian-language toponymic surname associated with the area of Polissya and the Polishchuks people who live in the area. Notable people with the surname include:

Anatoliy Polishchuk, Ukrainian volleyball player

Daniel Poleshchuk (born 1996), Israeli squash player

Fedor Polishchuk

Dmitry Polishchuk, Russian windsurfer

Lyubov Polishchuk

Mikhail Polischuk

Sofia Polishchuk

Valerian Polishchuk, Ukrainian author

Victor Polishchuk

Yuliya Polishchuk

Poleshuks
The Poleshuks, or Polishchuks, also known as Polesians (Ukrainian: поліщуки, romanized: polishchuky, Belarusian: палешукі, romanized: paleshuki, Russian: полещуки, romanized: poleshchuki, Polish: Poleszucy) are the indigenous population of  Polesia (also known as Polesie and Polissia). Their native speech forms a dialect continuum between the Belarusian and Ukrainian languages and includes recently codified West Polesian, as well as many local variations and sub-dialects.
1990 Hungarian presidential election
The first indirect presidential election was held in Hungary on 3 August 1990, following the transition to multi-party democracy. Speaker of the National Assembly and acting head of state Árpád Göncz was elected as president with more than three-quarter majority.

Árpád Göncz
Árpád Göncz (Hungarian: [ˈaːrpaːd ˈɡønt͡s]; 10 February 1922 – 6 October 2015) was a Hungarian writer, translator, lawyer and liberal politician who served as President of Hungary from 2 May 1990 to 4 August 2000. Göncz played a role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, for which he was imprisoned for six years. After his release, he worked as a translator of English-language literary works.

He was also a founding member of the Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) and Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary (de facto head of state) before becoming president. He was Hungary's first freely elected head of state, as well as the first in 42 years who was not a communist or a fellow traveller.

He was a member of the international advisory council of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.
1986 Mercedes Cup – Doubles
Ivan Lendl and Tomáš Šmíd were the defending champions but Lendl did not compete this year, choosing to rest after winning the US Open the previous week. Šmíd teamed up with Paul McNamee and lost in the semifinals to Hans Gildemeister and Andrés Gómez.

Gildemeister and Gómez won the title by defeating Mansour Bahrami and Diego Pérez 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Hans Gildemeister
Hans Gildemeister Bohner (born Juan Pedro Gildemeister Bohner on 9 February 1956), is a Chilean former tennis player of German ancestry, who won four singles and 23 doubles titles during his professional career.  The right-hander reached his highest singles ATP ranking on 22 February 1980, when he became world No. 12.

He is a former captain of the Chilean Davis Cup team.
Gloria Giner de los Ríos García
Gloria Giner de los Ríos García (28 March 1886 – 6 February 1970) was a Spanish teacher at the Escuela Normal Superior de Maestras and the Institución Libre de Enseñanza. The author of innovative manuals dedicated to the teaching of history and geography, she, together with Leonor Serrano Pablo, developed the educational "recipe" that they called "enthusiastic observation". They also worked to change the androcentric canon of geographical studies to include women.

She lived in exile during the Francoist Spain era, forming part of the intellectual elite that carried out educational, philological, literary, legal, and cultural work. Her family had close connections to that of poet Federico García Lorca.

Androcentrism
Androcentrism (Ancient Greek, ἀνήρ, "man, male") is the practice, conscious or otherwise, of placing a masculine point of view at the center of one's world view, culture, and history, thereby culturally marginalizing women. The related adjective is androcentric. The opposite of androcentric is gynocentric.

Androcentrism has been described as a pervasive form of sexism. It has also been described as a movement centered on, emphasizing, or dominated by males or masculine interests.
Ted Raicer
Ted S. Raicer is a game designer who has worked on board games. He became a board wargamer at the age of 12 years and has published more than 10 games based on World War I. Raicer has won many awards in his gaming career.

GMT Games
GMT Games is a California-based wargaming publisher founded in 1990. The company has become well known for graphically attractive games that range from "monster games" of many maps and counters, to quite simple games suitable for introducing new players to wargaming.  They also produce card games and family games. The current management and creative team includes Tony Curtis, Mark Simonitch, and Andy Lewis.
Frederic Dreyer
Admiral Sir Frederic Charles Dreyer (8 January 1878 – 11 December 1956) was an officer of the Royal Navy. A gunnery expert, he developed a fire control system for British warships, and served as flag captain to Admiral Sir John Jellicoe at the Battle of Jutland. He retired with the rank of admiral in 1943, having served through two world wars and having already retired once.

Admiral (Royal Navy)
Admiral (Adm) is a senior rank of the Royal Navy, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank of admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which a serving officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted, admiral of the fleet being in abeyance except for honorary promotions of retired officers and members of the royal family.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air chief marshal.
Kimberly Hardin
Kimberly Hardin is an African-American casting director and film producer. She is known for her casting of films, such as Hustle & Flow, Cadillac Records, Bloodline, Think Like a Man, and One Night in Miami.... She has also worked with several directors and producers, including John Singleton, Regina King, Kerry Washington,  Tim Story, F. Gary Gray, Craig Brewer, Lena Waithe, Bruna Papandrea, and Graham King.

Bruna Papandrea
Bruna Papandrea AM (born 1971) is an Australian film and television producer and the founder of production company Made Up Stories. Prior to Made Up Stories, Papandrea co-founded the production company Pacific Standard with Reese Witherspoon.
Barbara Flynn
Barbara Joy Flynn (born 5 August 1948) is an English actress. She first came to prominence playing Freda Ashton in the ITV drama series A Family at War (1970–1972). She went on to play the milk woman in the BBC comedy Open All Hours (1976–1985), Jill Swinburne in The Beiderbecke Trilogy (1985–1988), Dr. Rose Marie in the BBC series A Very Peculiar Practice (1986–1988), Judith Fitzgerald in the ITV drama Cracker (1993–1995), and Mrs. Jamieson in Cranford (2007–2009). In 2021, she appeared in Doctor Who: Flux as Tecteun, a founder of Time Lord society and The Doctor's adoptive mother. Starting in 2023, she acted in Beyond Paradise, playing the mother of the detective's girlfriend. This included some episodes in 2024 where she was reunited with Peter Davison, her A Very Peculiar Practice co-star.

In her own words, she tends to play "feisty, strong women".

Cranford (TV series)
Cranford is a British television series directed by Simon Curtis and Steve Hudson. The teleplay by Heidi Thomas was adapted from three books by Elizabeth Gaskell: the novels Cranford, published 1851-1853, and My Lady Ludlow (1858), and the novella Mr Harrison's Confessions(1851). "The Last Generation in England" was also used as a source.

The series was transmitted in five parts in the UK by BBC One in November and December 2007. In the United States, it was broadcast in three episodes by PBS as part of its Masterpiece Theatre series in May 2008.

Cranford returned with a two-part Christmas special Return to Cranford in 2009.
Conley index theory
In dynamical systems theory, Conley index theory, named after Charles Conley, analyzes topological structure of invariant sets of diffeomorphisms and of smooth flows. It is a far-reaching generalization of the Hopf index theorem that predicts existence of fixed points of a flow inside a planar region in terms of information about its behavior on the boundary. Conley's theory is related to Morse theory, which describes the topological structure of a closed manifold by means of a nondegenerate gradient vector field. It has an enormous range of applications to the study of dynamics, including existence of periodic orbits in Hamiltonian systems and travelling wave solutions for partial differential equations, structure of global attractors for reaction–diffusion equations and delay differential equations, proof of chaotic behavior in dynamical systems, and bifurcation theory. Conley index theory formed the basis for development of Floer homology.

Flow (mathematics)
In mathematics, a flow formalizes the idea of the motion of particles in a fluid.  Flows are ubiquitous in science, including engineering and physics. The notion of flow is basic to the study of ordinary differential equations. Informally, a flow may be viewed as a continuous motion of points over time. More formally, a flow is a group action of the real numbers on a set.

The idea of a vector flow, that is, the flow determined by a vector field, occurs in the areas of differential topology, Riemannian geometry and Lie groups. Specific examples of vector flows include the geodesic flow, the Hamiltonian flow, the Ricci flow, the mean curvature flow, and Anosov flows.  Flows may also be defined for systems of random variables and stochastic processes, and occur in the study of ergodic dynamical systems.  The most celebrated of these is perhaps the Bernoulli flow.
Vieux Chaillol
The Vieux Chaillol (French pronunciation: [vjø ʃajɔl]; Occitan: Vièlh Chalhòl) is a mountain in the Écrins National Park, located in Hautes-Alpes, southeastern France. It has an elevation of 3,163 Meters above sea level and forms a moderate to hard, full day hike from the starting point in the village of Chaillol 1600 or from the township of Saint-Michel-de-Chaillol.

Saint-Michel-de-Chaillol
Saint-Michel-de-Chaillol (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ miʃɛl də ʃajɔl]; Occitan: Sant Michèl de Chalhòl), commonly known as Chaillol, is a commune in the French department of Hautes-Alpes, region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, southeastern France.
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) is an organic compound with the formula Et2NNO (Et = C2H5).  A member of the nitrosamines, it is a light-sensitive, volatile, clear yellow oil that is soluble in water, lipids, and other organic solvents. It has an amine or aromatic odor. It is used as gasoline and lubricant additive, antioxidant, and stabilizer for industry materials. When heated to decomposition, N-nitrosodiethylamine emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides. N-Nitrosodiethylamine affects DNA integrity, probably by alkylation, and is used in experimental research to induce liver tumorigenesis. It is carcinogenic and mutagenic. NDEA has also been found to perturb amino acid biosynthesis including arginine, as well as DNA damage repair and mitochondrial genome maintenance in yeast.

It is found in tobacco smoke.

It is classified as a Group 2A carcinogen (probable human carcinogen) by the World Health Organization.

Mutagen
In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that permanently changes genetic material, usually DNA, in an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations can cause cancer in animals, such mutagens can therefore be carcinogens, although not all necessarily are. All mutagens have characteristic mutational signatures with some chemicals becoming mutagenic through cellular processes.

The process of DNA becoming modified is called mutagenesis. Not all mutations are caused by mutagens: so-called "spontaneous mutations" occur due to spontaneous hydrolysis, errors in DNA replication, repair and recombination.
Anwar Bhinder
Chaudhary Muhammad Anwar Bhinder was a Pakistani politician from Gujranwala, Punjab who has served as the Speaker of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly from 12 June 1965 to 25 March 1969.

He also served as a member of the Senate of Pakistan for 16 years. 
Chaudhary Muhammad Anwar Bhinder hails from a renowned Bhinder family of Gujranwala. His father was Member of the Legislative Assembly before the independence of Pakistan. 
Bhinder was considered to be one of the top constitutional experts of Pakistan and has been part of the policy making.

His son, Khurshid Anwar Bhinder, served as a Justice of the Lahore High Court and Director General National Accountability Bureau. Nauman Ahmad Langrial and Alamdad Lalika is his relative.

Gujranwala District
Gujranwala District is a district within the Gujranwala Division of Punjab, Pakistan. It is bordered by the districts of Wazirabad, Sialkot, Hafizabad and Sheikhupura. Gujranwala district has 5 National Assembly and 12 Punjab Assembly constituencies.
Ségur station
Ségur (French pronunciation: [seɡyʁ]) is a station on Line 10 of the Paris Métro. It is located on the border of the 7th arrondissement and 15th arrondissement. It is named after avenue de Ségur located 100 m northeast of the station. It was in turn named after Marquis Philippe Henri de Ségur, a Marshall of France and Secretary of State for War from 1780 to 1787. The name Ségur is better known by the novels of his granddaughter by marriage, the Countess of Ségur (1799-1874), best known for her novel, Les Malheurs de Sophie.

Countess of Ségur
Sophie Rostopchine, Countess of Ségur, born Sofiya Feodorovna Rostopchina (Russian: Софья Фёдоровна Ростопчина; 1 August 1799 in Saint Petersburg – 8 February 1874 in Paris), was a French writer of Russian birth and origin. She is best known today for her novel Les Malheurs de Sophie (Sophie's misfortunes), intended for children.
Euthanasia device
A euthanasia device is a machine engineered to allow an individual to die quickly with minimal pain. The most common devices are those designed to help terminally ill people die by voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide without prolonged pain. They may be operated by a second party, such as a physician, or by the person wishing to die. There is an ongoing debate on the ethics of euthanasia and the use of euthanasia devices.

Asphyxia
Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body which arises from abnormal breathing. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects all the tissues and organs, some more rapidly than others. There are many circumstances that can induce asphyxia, all of which are characterized by the inability of a person to acquire sufficient oxygen through breathing for an extended period of time. Asphyxia can cause coma or death. In 2015, about 9.8 million cases of unintentional suffocation occurred which resulted in 35,600 deaths. The word asphyxia is from Ancient Greek α- "without" and σφύξις sphyxis, "squeeze" (throb of heart).
Logie Awards of 1981
The 23rd Annual TV Week Logie Awards was held on Friday 10 April 1981 at the Centrepoint Convention Centre in Sydney, and broadcast on Network Ten. The ceremony was hosted by Michael Parkinson. Guests included Patrick Duffy, Gil Gerard, Lesley-Anne Down, Sam J. Jones, Adam Rich, Van Johnson and Lindsay Wagner.

Adam Rich
Adam Rich (October 12, 1968 – January 7, 2023) was an American actor. He was best known for his portrayal of Nicholas Bradford, the youngest son on the television series Eight Is Enough, which ran for five seasons (1977–1981). Known for his pageboy haircut, Rich's character on the show led him to be known as "America's little brother".
Sonja Hammerschmid
Sonja Hammerschmid (born Sonja Maria Theresia Mörwald on June 24, 1968 in Steyr) is an Austrian molecular biologist and politician.
She was Rector of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna from 2010 to 2016 and minister of education in the Kern government from 2016 to 2017.
Since 2017, Hammerschmid has been a member of the Austrian National Council.
Hammerschmid is a member of the Social Democratic Party.

National Council (Austria)
The National Council (Austrian German: Nationalrat, pronounced [nat͡si̯oˈnaːlˌʁaːt] ⓘ) is one of the two houses of the Austrian Parliament and is frequently referred to as the lower house. The constitution endows the National Council with far more power than the Federal Council.