hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patricia Gallerneau
Patricia Gallerneau (9 September 1954 – 7 July 2019) was a French politician representing the Democratic Movement. She was elected to the French National Assembly on 18 June 2017, representing the department of Vendée.

Democratic Movement (France)
The Democratic Movement (French: Mouvement démocrate, pronounced [muvmɑ̃ demɔkʁat]; MoDem [mɔdɛm]) is a centre to centre-right political party in France. MoDem was established by François Bayrou to succeed the Union for French Democracy (UDF) and contest the 2007 legislative election, after his strong showing in the 2007 presidential election. Initially named the Democratic Party (Parti démocrate), the party was renamed "Democratic Movement", because there was already a small Democratic Party in France.

MoDem secured an agreement with La République En Marche! (LRM) — later Renaissance (RE) — in the 2017 legislative election after Bayrou had endorsed the candidacy of Emmanuel Macron in February. The two parties have since been in alliance, as of late named Ensemble.

The party's founder and leader Bayrou served as Prime Minister of France from December 2024 to September 2025.
Law of total expectation
The proposition in probability theory known as the law of total expectation, the law of iterated expectations (LIE), Adam's law, the tower rule,  and the smoothing property of conditional expectation, among other names, states that if  is a random variable whose expected value  is defined, and  is any random variable on the same probability space, then

i.e., the expected value of the conditional expected value of  given  is the same as the expected value of .

The conditional expected value , with  a random variable, is not a simple number; it is a random variable whose value depends on the value of .  That is, the conditional expected value of  given the event  is a number and it is a function of . If we write  for the value of  then the random variable  is .

One special case states that if  is a finite or countable partition of the sample space, then

Countable set
In mathematics, a set is countable if either it is finite or it can be made in one to one correspondence with the set of natural numbers. Equivalently, a set is countable if there exists an injective function from it into the natural numbers; this means that each element in the set may be associated to a unique natural number, or that the elements of the set can be counted one at a time, although the counting may never finish due to an infinite number of elements.

In more technical terms, assuming the axiom of countable choice, a set is countable if its cardinality (the number of elements of the set) is not greater than that of the natural numbers. A countable set that is not finite is said to be countably infinite.

The concept is attributed to Georg Cantor, who proved the existence of uncountable sets, that is, sets that are not countable; for example the set of the real numbers.
Willow Airport
Willow Airport (IATA: WOW, ICAO: PAUO, FAA LID: UUO) is a state-owned, public-use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) northwest of the central business district of Willow, in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is located across the road from Willow Lake and the Willow Seaplane Base (ICAO: 2X2).

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, Willow Airport had 2,703 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, an increase of 33% from the 2,025 enplanements in 2007. Willow Airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (2009-2013), which categorizes it as a general aviation facility.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Willow Airport is assigned UUO by the FAA and WOW by the IATA.

Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska
Matanuska-Susitna Borough (often referred to as the Mat-Su Borough) is a borough located in the U.S. state of Alaska. Its borough seat is Palmer, and the largest incorporated community is  Wasilla. As of the 2020 census, the borough's population was 107,081.

The borough is part of the Anchorage Metropolitan Statistical Area, along with the municipality of Anchorage on its south.

The Mat-Su Borough is designated as so because it contains the entire Matanuska and Susitna Rivers. They empty into Cook Inlet, which is the southern border of the Mat-Su Borough. It is one of the few agricultural areas in Alaska.
Cyprus Swimming Federation
The Cyprus Swimming Federation (Greek: Κυπριακή Ομοσπονδία Κολύμβησης) founded in 1972, is the aquatics national federation for Cyprus. It oversees competition in 4 Olympic aquatic sports (water polo, swimming, diving and open water swimming).

It is affiliated to:

FINA, the International Swimming Federation

LEN, the European Swimming League

COC, the Cyprus Olympic Committee.

European Aquatics
European Aquatics (formerly French: Ligue Européenne de Natation, English: European Swimming League, popularly known by its acronym LEN) is the European governing body for aquatic sports affiliated to World Aquatics — it is the Continental Association for Europe. It was formally organized in 1927 in Bologna, and since 2015 is headquartered in Nyon.

European Aquatics comprises 52 national swimming federations in Europe, and includes Israel which for Olympic-sport purposes is grouped with Europe. European Aquatics is overseen by an elected Bureau (board) composed of Members representing 17 different Federations. European Aquatics oversees aquatic sports in Europe: diving, swimming, open water swimming, synchronized swimming and water polo.
Hickling (surname)
Hickling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Archie Hickling, the English electrochemist who built the first three electrodes potentiostat in 1942

Billy Hickling, an English footballer

Frank Hickling (born 1941), an Australian army officer

Garett Hickling (1970–2025), a Canadian wheelchair rugby player

Grace Hickling MBE (née Watt, 1908–1986), a British naturalist and ornithologist

Henry George Albert Hickling FRS (1883–1954), a British geologist and palaeontologist

Hugh Hickling (1920–2007), a British lawyer, colonial civil servant, law academic and author

Ronald Hickling (1912–2006), a British ornithologist

Thomas Hickling (born 1940), an English cricketer

Potentiostat
A potentiostat is the electronic hardware required to control a three electrode cell and run most electroanalytical experiments.  A Bipotentiostat and polypotentiostat are potentiostats capable of controlling two working electrodes and more than two working electrodes, respectively.

The system functions by maintaining the potential of the working electrode at a constant level with respect to the reference electrode by adjusting the current at an auxiliary electrode. The heart of the different potentiostatic electronic circuits is an operational amplifier (op amp). It consists of an electric circuit which is usually described in terms of simple op amps.
Rafiqul Islam (Jessore politician)
Rafiqul Islam is a politician of Jessore District of Bangladesh who was elected member of parliament for the Jessore-2 constituency in 1991 and June 1996. He was the minister of state for power, energy and mineral resources.

1991 Bangladeshi general election
General elections were held in Bangladesh on 27 February 1991. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) emerged as the largest party in parliament, winning 140 of the 300 directly elected seats. The BNP formed a government with the support of Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh and on 20 March Khaleda Zia was sworn in for her first term as Prime Minister.

The elections were described to be free and fair by many international observers, and it played a major role in solidifying Bangladeshi democracy in aftermath of the anti-government protests in late 1980s. Voter turnout was 55.4%.

The election was disproportionate, with the BNP winning 52 more seats than the Awami League, despite their popular vote total differing by less than one percentage point.
Boris Goudenow
Boris Goudenow is a German-language opera composed in 1710 by Johann Mattheson. The plot concerns intrigues among tsars Feodor I and Boris Godunov and tsarina Irina Godunova, and a cast of Russian, Danish and Swedish nobles. It was never performed during Mattheson's life – possibly due to concerns about Hamburg's relations with Russia. The manuscript, taken to the Soviet Union at the end of World War II, was discovered in Armenia. The opera was finally premiered in 2005 in concert in Hamburg, then a scenic premiere in Boston under Stephen Stubbs. It was given the first European scenic performance at the Innsbruck Festival of Early Music by Concerto Theresia under Andrea Marchiol in 2021. A recording of this performance was issued by cpo.

Feodor I of Russia
Feodor I Ioannovich (Russian: Феодор I Иoаннович) or Fyodor I Ivanovich (Russian: Фёдор I Иванович; 31 May 1557 – 17 January 1598), nicknamed the Blessed (Блаженный), was Tsar of all Russia from 1584 until his death in 1598.

Feodor's mother died when he was three, and he grew up in the shadow of his father, Ivan the Terrible. He was a pious man of retiring disposition and possibly suffered from mental disability. He took little interest in politics, and the country was effectively administered in his name by Boris Godunov, the brother of his beloved wife Irina. He died without surviving children and was succeeded by Godunov as tsar, marking the end of the rule of the Rurik dynasty and spurring Russia's descent into the catastrophic Time of Troubles.

He is listed in the Great Synaxaristes of the Eastern Orthodox Church, with his feast day on 7 January (O.S.).
Great Eastern Shipping
The Great Eastern Shipping Company Limited (also known as GE Shipping) is an Indian shipping company which primarily transports liquid, gas and solid bulk products. As of 2023, the company is the largest private sector shipping company in India.

Freight transport
Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commercial products and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well. "Logistics", a term borrowed from the military environment, is also used in the same sense.
The Peach Music Festival
The Peach Music Festival is a music festival started by the Allman Brothers Band and produced by Live Nation Entertainment that has been held annually since 2012 at the Pavilion at Montage Mountain and Montage Mountain Ski Resort in Scranton, Pennsylvania. It had been held every year since its inception, except in 2020.

Joe Russo's Almost Dead
Joe Russo's Almost Dead is an American rock band formed in 2013 that mainly covers the music of the Grateful Dead. Formed by Furthur and Benevento/Russo Duo drummer Joe Russo, the band played their first show on January 26, 2013, at the Brooklyn Bowl in Brooklyn, New York. In addition to drummer Joe Russo, the band also includes Ween's bassist Dave Dreiwitz, keyboardist Marco Benevento, Scott Metzger on guitar and vocals, and Tom Hamilton of Brothers Past and American Babies on guitar and vocals.
Deilephila rivularis
Deilephila rivularis, the Chitral elephant hawk moth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1875. It is found in east and central Afghanistan, Pakistan (north of Karachi) and in northern India (east to Dehradun, Uttar Pradesh).

The wingspan is 64–82 mm.

The larvae feed on Arisaema and Impatiens species in India.

Arisaema
Arisaema is a large and diverse genus of the flowering plant family Araceae. The largest concentration of species is in China and Japan, with other species native to other parts of southern Asia  as well as eastern and central Africa, Mexico and eastern North America.  Asiatic species are often called cobra lilies, while western species are often called jack-in-the-pulpit; both names refer to the distinctive appearance of the flower, which consists of an erect central spadix rising from a spathe.
Neura Robotics
Neura Robotics is a German robotics company founded in 2019 by David Reger. The company specializes in developing cognitive and collaborative robots designed to work alongside humans in various industries, including manufacturing, logistics, and healthcare.

Cobot
A cobot, or collaborative robot, also known as a companion robot, is a robot intended for direct human-robot interaction within a shared space, or where humans and robots are in close proximity. Cobot applications contrast with traditional industrial robot applications in which robots are isolated from human contact or the humans are protected by robotic tech vests. Cobot safety may rely on lightweight construction materials, rounded edges, and inherent limitation of speed and force, or on sensors and software that ensure safe behavior.
2012–13 Washington Huskies men's basketball team
The 2012–13 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington in the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.  This was head coach Lorenzo Romar's 11th season at Washington. The Huskies played their home games at Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion as members of the Pac-12 Conference. They finished the season 18–16, 9–9 in Pac-12 play to finish in a four-way tie for sixth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Pac-12 tournament to Oregon. They were invited to the 2013 NIT where they lost in the first round to BYU.

2013 Pac-12 Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2013 Pacific Life Pac-12 Conference men's basketball tournament was played March 13–16 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Paradise, Nevada. The UCLA Bruins, regular season champions, were named as the No. 1 seed team. Oregon won the tournament and received an automatic bid to the 2013 NCAA tournament. Oregon defeated UCLA for the tournament championship.
Kuffs
Kuffs is a 1992 American action comedy film directed by Bruce A. Evans and produced by Raynold Gideon. It stars Christian Slater, Tony Goldwyn, Milla Jovovich, and Ashley Judd in her film debut. The plot follows an officer of the San Francisco Patrol Special Police (SFPSP), a private for-hire auxiliary police force separate from the San Francisco Police Department (SFPD), that has officers assign themselves specific areas and work on a for-hire basis.

Auxiliary police
Auxiliary police, also called volunteer police, reserve police, assistant police, civil guards, or special police, are usually the part-time reserves of a regular police force. They may be unpaid volunteers or paid members of the police service with which they are affiliated; there is no consistent international definition.

Auxiliary police are primarily tasked with supporting and augmenting the police, but this may also extend to established emergency services such as the fire department (and in the case of fire police), emergency medical services, border guard, and coast guard. Duties commonly assigned to auxiliaries include community policing, neighborhood watch, traffic policing, civil defense, and riot control.

The police powers auxiliaries may exercise vary from agency to agency; some have no or limited authority, while others may be accorded full police powers. They may be armed or unarmed.
Mo Guanfu
Mo Guanfu (Chinese: 莫觀扶; Wade–Giles: Mo Kuan-fu, Chinese: 莫官扶; Vietnamese: Mạc Quan Phù, ?–1801) was a powerful Chinese pirate throughout the South China Sea in the late 1700s.

Mo was born to a woodsman's family in Suixi County, Guangdong. He was kidnapped by the pirates in 1787. His family was too poor to pay ransom, so he had to join in the pirate group.

He received a Tay Son dynasty commission in 1788, along with Chen Tien-pao, and was granted the title Đông Hải Vương (chữ Hán: 東海王, prince of East Sea) by Nguyễn Huệ. From 1788 to 1799, Mo frequently attacked the southern coast of Qing China together with Zheng Qi, Liang Wengeng (梁文庚) and Fan Wencai (樊文才).

Tay Son army was utterly beaten by his rival Nguyen lord in 1801 and, Mo was captured by Nguyen lord together with Liang Wen-keng and Fan Wen-tsai. They were extradited to China in 1803 and later executed by Lingchi in Guangzhou.

Woodsman
Woodsman (also, woodsmen, pl.) refers to the title of competitors participating in competitive timber sports. Woodsmen participate in various events that replicate real skills used by lumberjacks while cutting down trees and preparing the wood. Woodsman Competitions are a competitive, co-ed intercollegiate sport in the United States, Canada and elsewhere based on various skills traditionally part of forestry educational and technical training programs.  In these competitions participants use various tools, such as racing axes, throwing axes, cross-cut saws, and chainsaws. In North America, the sport currently is organized in five regional divisions: northeastern, mid-Atlantic, southern, midwestern, and western.
Marius Diță
Marius Diță (born 15 August 1975) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a defender and midfielder. In his career Diță played in the Liga I for FC Argeș Pitești, but mainly in the Liga II and Liga III for teams such as FC Bihor Oradea, Dacia Mioveni, Gloria Bistrița, Universitatea Cluj or Atletic Bradu, among others.

ACF Gloria Bistrița
Asociația Club de Fotbal Gloria Bistrița (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈɡlori.a ˈbistritsa]), commonly known as Gloria Bistrița, or simply as Gloria, was a Romanian professional football club based in Bistrița, Bistrița-Năsăud County founded on 6 July 1922 and dissolved in 2015.
Donald Thompson (fencer)
Donald Gilkey Thompson (January 15, 1928 – February 26, 2013) was an American fencer. He competed in the team épée event at the 1948 Summer Olympics, but failed to reach the final.

Thompson won the national épée title in 1953. He studied English at the University of Chicago and later headed the department of English at Wilbur Wright College in Chicago. He also established the English for Credit Program in Chicago. Thompson was a long-term member of the Art Institute of Chicago and a big admirer of the Lyric Opera of Chicago.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
Newfoundland Telephone Co v Newfoundland (Board of Commissioners of Public Utilities)
Newfoundland Telephone Co v Newfoundland (Board of Commissioners of Public Utilities), [1992] 1 SCR 623 is a Canadian administrative law case decided by the Supreme Court of Canada concerning the reasonable apprehension of bias.

The Court held that the standard of bias may vary depending on the function of the administrative body. Those bodies that are primarily adjudicative in nature will be held to a stricter standard than administrative boards whose roles resemble legislatures.

Canadian administrative law
Canadian administrative law is the body of law "that applies to all administrative decisions, whether issued by front-line officials, ministers, economic regulatory agencies, or administrative tribunals, with interpretations of law and exercises of discretion subject to the same . . . rules." Administrative law is concerned primarily with ensuring that administrative decision-makers remain within the boundaries of their authority (substantive review) and observe procedural fairness (rights for those affected by the decision to participate in the decision-making process).
Matsuyama Castle (Ranzan)
Matsuyama Castle  (松山城, Matsuyama-jō), was a  Sengoku period Japanese castle located in what is now part of  the town of Yoshimi, Hiki District, Saitama, in the Kantō region of Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site, since 2008. It is also referred to as Musashi-Matsuyama Castle, to distinguish it from the more famous Bitchū Matsuyama Castle or Iyo Matsuyama Castle.

Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方, Kantō Chihō; IPA: [kaꜜn.toː, kan.toː tɕiꜜ.hoː, kan.toː tɕi̥.hoꜜː]) is a geographical region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. In a common definition, the region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, Tochigi, and Tokyo. Slightly more than 45 percent of the land area within its boundaries is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form land borders with other regions of Japan.

As the Kantō region contains Tokyo, the capital and largest city of Japan, the region is considered the center of Japan's politics and economy. According to the official census on October 1, 2010, by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, the population was 42,607,376, amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.
141st Signal Battalion (United States)
141st Signal Battalion ("The Communicators") was a United States battalion which deployed to install, operate and maintain C4I systems in support of 1st Armored Division operations, major subordinate commands and attached units as required.

Lucius D. Clay Kaserne
The Lucius D. Clay Kaserne (German: Flugplatz Wiesbaden-Erbenheim) (IATA: WIE, ICAO: ETOU), commonly known as Clay Kaserne, formerly known as Wiesbaden Air Base and later as Wiesbaden Army Airfield, is an installation of the United States Army in Hesse, Germany. The kaserne is located within the boroughs Wiesbaden-Erbenheim and Wiesbaden-Delkenheim. Named for General Lucius D. Clay, it is the home of the Army's 2d Theater Signal Brigade, 66th Military Intelligence Brigade and is the headquarters of the U.S. Army Europe and Africa (USAREUR-AF).

USAREUR-AF oversees V Corps, Security Assistance Group-Ukraine, the 7th Army Training Command, 10th Army Air & Missile Defense Command and 21st Theater Sustainment Command. Clay Kaserne also maintains an airfield, facilitated by 1-214th Aviation.
Arunvadi
Princess Arunvadi (Thai: อรุณวดี; 13 June 1857 - 26 August 1933) was a princess of Siam (later Thailand). She was a member of the Siamese royal family and a daughter of King Mongkut of Siam and Chao Chom Manda Run.

Her mother was Chao Chom Manda Run Supanimitr (a daughter of Kratai Supanimitr and Cham Supanimitr). She was given the full name Phra Chao Borom Wong Ther Phra Ong Chao Arunvadi (Thai: พระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าอรุณวดี).

She died on August 26, 1933, at the age of 76.

Order of Chula Chom Klao
The Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao (Thai: เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์จุลจอมเกล้า; RTGS: Khrueang Ratcha-itsariyaphon Chunla Chom Klao) is a Thai order established on 16 November 1873 by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) to commemorate the 90th jubilee of the Chakri dynasty. The order bears his name, Chula Chom Klao, and its ribbon is pink, symbolising the birthday colour of Tuesday, the day of Chulalongkorn's birth.