hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antonio Pogatschnig
Antonio Pogatschnig was a provincial administrative official in Istria, politician and archeologist. He was born in Parenzo (Poreč) on April 26, 1866. He obtained a doctorate in Law. He served as Deputy Provincial Commissioner of Istria, Director of the Accounting Department of the province and as Director of the Federation of Cooperative Societies of Istria.

As an archeologist, Pogatsching illustrated the antique remains of his home town, including the Euphrasian Basilica and the Roman monuments.

He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the 1921 Italian general election, as a candidate of the National Bloc in the Parenzo electoral college. In parliament he joined the Liberal Democratic Club.

Pogatschnig died in Parenzo on January 31, 1924.

Istria
Istria (/ˈɪstriə/ IST-ree-ə; Croatian and Slovene: Istra; Italian and Venetian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Istro-Romanian: Istria; Latin: Histria; Ancient Greek: Ἱστρία) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at the top of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf, the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy, 90% of its area being part of Croatia. Most of Croatian Istria is part of Istria County.
Mud darter
The mud darter (Etheostoma asprigene) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the lowlands of the Mississippi River basin from Wisconsin and Minnesota south to Louisiana and East Texas. It is also found in the drainages of the Sabine and Neches Rivers of Texas and Louisiana.  It can be found in slow-moving waters on riffles in rivers, as well as in creeks, swamps, lakes, and reservoirs.  It mostly consumes the larvae of midges and blackflies.  This species can reach a length of 7.1 cm (2.8 in), though most only reach a length of 5 cm (2.0 in).

Perch
Perch is a common name for freshwater fish from the genus Perca, which belongs to the family Percidae of the large order Perciformes. The name comes from Greek: πέρκη, romanized: perke, meaning the type species of this genus, the European perch (P. fluviatilis).

Many species of freshwater game fish more or less resemble perch, but belong to different genera. In fact, the exclusively saltwater-dwelling red drum (which belongs to a different order Acanthuriformes) is often referred to as a "red perch", though by definition perch are freshwater species. Though many fish are referred to as perch as a common name, to be considered a true perch, the fish must be of the family Percidae.

The earliest fossil remains of Perca are known from the Middle Miocene of Ukraine.
Fogerty
Fogerty is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Fogerty (born 1969), English boxer, rugby league footballer and actor; son of Terry

Elsie Fogerty (1865–1945), British drama teacher

John Fogerty (born 1945), American singer, former member of Creedence Clearwater Revival

Terry Fogerty (1944–2013), English rugby league footballer; father of Adam

Tom Fogerty (1941–1990), American singer, former member of Creedence Clearwater Revival and elder brother of John

Tom Fogerty
Thomas Richard Fogerty (November 9, 1941 – September 6, 1990) was an American musician, best known as the rhythm guitarist for Creedence Clearwater Revival. He was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.
Al Zarilla
Allen Lee "Zeke" Zarilla (May 1, 1919 – August 28, 1996) was an American professional baseball player, scout and coach. He played as an outfielder in Major League Baseball from 1943 to 1953, most notably as a member of the only St. Louis Browns team to win an American League pennant in 1944. He also played for the Boston Red Sox and the Chicago White Sox, primarily as a right fielder. Zarilla batted left-handed and threw right-handed, and was listed as 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and 180 pounds (82 kg).

Right fielder
A right fielder, abbreviated RF, is the outfielder in baseball or softball who plays defense in right field. Right field is the area of the outfield to the right of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the right fielder is assigned the number 9.
Svetlogorsk-II railway station
Svetlogorsk-II railway station (Russian: станция Светлогорск-II) is a railway station located in Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad oblast, Russia. It is a terminal station for the Kaliningrad — Svetlogorsk railway. Electric trains ES2G Lastochka make a passenger trips from Svetlogorsk-II. The station is located in the town center.

Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Svetlogorsk (Russian: Светлого́рск [svʲɪtlɐˈɡorsk] ⓘ; German: Rauschen [ˈʁaʊ̯ʃən] ⓘ; Lithuanian: Raušiai) is a coastal resort town and the administrative center of Svetlogorsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the coast of the Baltic Sea on the Sambia Peninsula, 39 kilometers (24 mi) northwest of Kaliningrad. In the 2021 census, it had a population of: 16,099 (2021 census); .
Colonia del Sacramento
Colonia del Sacramento (Spanish: [koˈlonja ðel sakɾaˈmento] ⓘ; Brazilian Portuguese: Colônia do Sacramento; European Portuguese: Colónia do Sacramento) is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is one of the oldest towns in Uruguay and the capital of the Colonia Department. As of the 2023 census, it has a population of around 32,174.

Its historic quarter is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Modern Colonia del Sacramento produces textiles and has a free trade zone, in addition to a polytechnic centre and various government buildings.

Free-trade zone
A free-trade zone (FTZ) is a class of special economic zone. It is a geographic area where goods may be imported, stored, handled, manufactured, or reconfigured and re-exported under specific customs regulation and generally not subject to customs duty. Free trade zones are generally organized around major seaports, international airports, and national frontiers—areas with many geographic advantages for trade.
Donald McRae (author)
Donald McRae (born 1961) is a South African writer. He has written about sports for The Guardian since 2003.

Born in Germiston in 1961, he moved to the United Kingdom in 1984 to avoid military service in the Apartheid era South African Army.

McRae is noted as the only two-time winner of the William Hill Sports Book of the Year award with Dark Trade: Lost in Boxing in 1996 (2nd ed. Hamilcar Publications, 2019) and In Black and White: The Untold Story of Joe Louis and Jesse Owens in 2002. His other works include Winter Colours (1999), Every Second Counts: the Race to Transplant the First Human Heart (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2006), The Great Trials of Clarence Darrow: The Landmark Cases of Leopold and Loeb, John T. Scopes, and Ossian Sweet, published in 2009,  A Man’s World: The Double Life of Emile Griffith (Simon & Schuster, 2015), Steven Gerrard: My Story (Joseph/Penguin, 2015), and In Sunshine Or In Shadow: How Boxing Brought Hope In The Troubles.

Hamilcar Publications
Hamilcar Publications is a Boston-based book publisher and a division of Hannibal Boxing Media LLC. Founded in 2018 by Kyle Sarofeen and Andy Komack, Hamilcar's titles focus on professional boxing, true crime, and hip-hop.
Ōkubo Tadamasa
Ōkubo Tadamasa (大久保 忠方; June 15, 1692 – November 20, 1732) was the 4th daimyō of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province, (modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture) in mid-Edo period Japan. His courtesy title was Kaga no Kami.

Sagami Province
Sagami Province (相模国, Sagami no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.ɡa.mʲi (no kɯ.ɲi), -ŋa.mʲi-, sa.ɡa.mʲiꜜ-, -ŋa.mʲiꜜ-]) was a province of Japan located in what is today the central and western Kanagawa Prefecture. Sagami Province bordered the provinces of Izu, Musashi, and Suruga. It had access to the Pacific Ocean through Sagami Bay. However, most of the present-day cities of Yokohama and Kawasaki, now part of Kanagawa Prefecture, were not in Sagami, but rather, in Musashi Province. Its abbreviated form name was Sōshū (相州).
Romantic Rights
"Romantic Rights" is the first single from Death from Above 1979's debut album You're a Woman, I'm a Machine. Released in 2004, it reached number 57 on the UK Singles Chart. Prior to the band's first name change, a self-titled extended play was released on April 13, 2004, consisting of four songs.

The song plays as the intro to, and throughout, the MTV show Human Giant. The song appears on the soundtrack for video games SSX On Tour and NBA 2K15, the latter which was curated by music producer Pharrell Williams. The band played "Romantic Rights" on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, with Grainger drumming for the first half of the performance and Late Night's Max Weinberg on the same drum set for the second.

Human Giant
Human Giant is a sketch comedy show starring writer/performers Aziz Ansari, Rob Huebel, and Paul Scheer, and directed primarily by Jason Woliner. The show ran for two seasons on MTV. In 2008, the group was offered a third season and was reportedly developing a feature film with Red Hour Productions, but these projects did not transpire due to Ansari's commitments to starring in the NBC show Parks and Recreation. In 2010, Ansari, Huebel and Scheer reunited to do a skit for the 2010 MTV Movie Awards.
John Bowne High School
John Bowne High School is a public high school located in Flushing, Queens, New York City, next to Queens College, City University of New York. It has an enrollment of nearly four thousand  students. The school, which opened in 1964, is named after the Quaker religious freedom fighter  John Bowne.
John Bowne High School offers multiple programs including a science research program, a law program, a creative arts program, writing program, and an agriculture program.

Queens College, City University of New York
Queens College (QC) is a public college in the New York City borough of Queens. Part of the City University of New York system, Queens College occupies an 83-acre (34 ha) campus primarily located in Flushing.

Queens College was established in 1937 and offers undergraduate degrees in over 70 majors, graduate studies in over 100 degree programs and certificates, over 40 accelerated master's options, 20 doctoral degrees through the CUNY Graduate Center, and a number of advanced certificate programs. Alumni and faculty of the school, such as Arturo O'Farrill and Jerry Seinfeld, have received over 100 Grammy Award nominations.

The college is organized into seven schools. It competes in Division II of the NCAA and sponsors 15 men's and women's championship-eligible varsity teams.
Atiwa (Ghana parliament constituency)
Atiwa is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Atiwa is located in the Atiwa district  of the Eastern Region of Ghana.

Atiwa District
Atiwa District is a former district that was located in Eastern Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger East Akim District in 1988, which was created from the former East Akim District Council, until the northwest part of the district was split off to create Atiwa District on 17 February 2004; thus the remaining part has been retained as East Akim District, which it was elevated to municipal district assembly status on 29 February 2008 to become East Akim Municipal District. However, on 1 June 2018, it was split off into two new districts: Atiwa West District (capital: Kwabeng) and Atiwa East District (capital: Anyinam). The municipality was located in the central part of Eastern Region and had Kwabeng as its capital town.
Xingning, Guangdong
Xingning is also the era name for Emperor Ai of the Jin dynasty.

Xingning (postal: Hingning; simplified Chinese: 兴宁; traditional Chinese: 興寧; pinyin: Xīngníng, Hakka: Hinnên) is a county-level city, under the jurisdiction of Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, China. The second largest city in eastern Guangdong, Xingning has an area of 2,104.85 square kilometres (812.69 sq mi) and a population of 779,411 (2020).

Emperor Ai of Jin
Emperor Ai of Jin (simplified Chinese: 晋哀帝; traditional Chinese: 晉哀帝; pinyin: Jìn Aī Dì; Wade–Giles: Chin Ai-ti; 341 – March 30, 365), personal name Sima Pi (司馬丕), courtesy name Qianling (千齡), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.  During his brief reign, the actual powers were largely in the hands of his granduncle Sima Yu the Prince of Kuaiji, and the paramount general Huan Wen.  According to historical accounts, he had an obsession with immortality, which resulted in his death, brought about as a result of poisoning by pills given to him by magicians in 364 and in 365.
The Last Straw (play)
The Last Straw is a 1937 comedy play by the British writers Reginald Denham and Edward Percy.

Its London premiere was at the Comedy Theatre in the West End, running for 52 performances between 29 September 13 November 1937. The original cast included Richard Haydn, Marius Goring, Andre Morell, Tom Gill, Arthur Hambling, Lucie Mannheim and Anna Konstam.

André Morell
Cecil André Mesritz (20 August 1909 – 28 November 1978), known professionally as André Morell, was an English actor. He appeared frequently in theatre, film and on television from the 1930s to the 1970s. His best known screen roles were as Professor Bernard Quatermass in the BBC Television serial Quatermass and the Pit (1958–59), and as Doctor Watson in the Hammer Film Productions version of The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959).

He also appeared in the films The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) and Ben-Hur (1959), in several of Hammer's horror films throughout the 1960s and in the acclaimed ITV historical drama The Caesars (1968). His obituary in The Times newspaper described him as possessing a "commanding presence with a rich, responsive voice ... whether in the classical or modern theatre he was authoritative and dependable."
Miltiadis Papaioannou
Miltiadis Papaioannou (Greek: Μιλτιάδης Παπαϊωάννου, born 1947) is a Greek politician of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK).

He was born in the village of Lykouria (now part of the municipality of Kalavryta) in Achaea. He studied law at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and has worked as a lawyer. He became a member of the PASOK political organization from its foundation, and has been elected into the Hellenic Parliament from 1981 for the Athens B constituency except for the 1989, 1993 and 2007 elections. He has served in the following cabinet posts: Deputy Minister of the Interior (1982), Minister of Justice (1985), Deputy Minister to the Presidency of the Government and Government Spokesman (1986), General Secretary of the Ministry of National Economy (1993), Minister of Labour and Social Security (1996), Minister of State (2000). From 17 June 2011 until 17 May 2012 he occupied the post of Minister of Justice, Transparency and Human Rights.

Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Greece)
The Ministry of Labour and  Social Security (Greek: Υπουργείο Εργασίας και Κοινωνικής Ασφάλισης) is a government department of Greece. The Ministry is responsible for the labour market, employment, and social security.

Its current name was given in June 2023 when the second government of Kyriakos Mitsotakis renamed the "Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs" to the "Ministry of Labour and Social Security".

The incumbent minister is Niki Kerameus.
South Carolina Science Olympiad
The South Carolina Science Olympiad Competition, often abbreviated as SCSO, is an annual Science Olympiad competition comprising middle school and high school teams across South Carolina. The competition was first held in the C Division (grades 9–12) in 1985, with the inaugural state champions being Irmo High School from Irmo. Bell Street Middle School from Clinton won the first B Division (grades 6–9) state championship a year later. The winners of the tournament represent South Carolina at the Science Olympiad National Tournament, held in May at various universities across the nation.

The current state champions are Clinton Middle School and Clinton High School, who won their 22nd and 13th state championships, respectively, on March 2, 2024.

Patrick Nelson assumed the position of State Director for the 2025 season; he replaced Dr. Jennifer Albert.

Irmo, South Carolina
Irmo (/ˈərmoʊ/) is a town in Lexington and Richland counties, South Carolina, United States, and a suburb of Columbia. It is part of the Columbia Metropolitan Statistical Area and is located 12 miles (19 km) northwest of the city center. The population of Irmo was 11,569 at the 2020 census.
High Qing era
The High Qing era (Chinese: 康雍乾盛世; pinyin: Kāng Yōng Qián Shèngshì), or simply the High Qing, refers to the golden age of the Qing dynasty between 1683 and 1799. China was ruled by the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong Emperors in this period, during which the prosperity and power of the empire grew to new heights.

Coming after the collapse of the Ming dynasty, the High Qing era saw China transform into a commercial state with nearly twice the population of its predecessor due to high political stability. Improvements in literacy also took place during this period, and the territory of China was greatly expanded north and west compared to the previous Ming dynasty. During the High Qing, the trend of imitating Chinese artistic traditions, known as chinoiserie, gained great popularity in Europe, due to the rise in trade with China and the broader current of Orientalism.

Literacy in China
The People's Republic of China's adult literacy rate, defined as literacy in those aged 15 and above, was measured at 97% in 2020 by the World Bank. Youth literacy, defined as literacy in those aged 15–24, was 100% since 2010 and remained so in 2020.
Group communication system
The term Group Communication System (GCS) refers to a software platform that implements some form of group communication. Examples of group communication systems include IS-IS, Spread Toolkit, Appia framework, QuickSilver, and IBM's group services component. Message queue systems are somewhat similar.

Group communication systems commonly provide specific guarantees about the total ordering of messages, such as if the sender of a message receives it back from the GCS, then it is certain that it has been delivered to all other nodes in the system. This property is useful when constructing data replication systems.

Replication (computing)
Replication in computing refers to maintaining multiple copies of data, processes, or resources to ensure consistency across redundant components. This fundamental technique spans databases, file systems, and distributed systems, serving to improve availability, fault-tolerance, accessibility, and performance. Through replication, systems can continue operating when components fail (failover), serve requests from geographically distributed locations, and balance load across multiple machines. The challenge lies in maintaining consistency between replicas while managing the fundamental tradeoffs between data consistency, system availability, and network partition tolerance – constraints known as the CAP theorem.
Albéric O'Kelly de Galway
Albéric Joseph Rodolphe Marie Robert Ghislain O'Kelly de Galway (17 May 1911 – 3 October 1980) was a Belgian chess Grandmaster (1956), an International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster (1962), and the third ICCF World Champion in correspondence chess (1959–1962). He was also a chess writer.

Correspondence chess
Correspondence chess is chess played by various forms of long-distance correspondence, traditionally through the postal system. Today it is usually played through a correspondence chess server, a public internet chess forum, or email. Less common methods that have been employed include fax, homing pigeon and phone. It is in contrast to over-the-board (OTB) chess, where the players sit at a physical chessboard at the same time; and most online chess, where the players play each other in real time over the internet. However, correspondence chess can also be played online.

Correspondence chess allows people or clubs who are geographically distant to play one another without meeting in person. The length of a game played by correspondence can vary depending on the method used to transmit moves: a game played via a server or by email might last no more than a few days, weeks, or months; a game played by post between players in different countries might last several years.
Homebush Boys High School
Homebush Boys High School, founded in 1936, is a public high school for boys. It is in Homebush, in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Formerly a selective high school, in 2006 Homebush Boys was regarded as one of the academically best-performing comprehensive schools, and has, in the past, been ranked above selective schools on the Higher School Certificate results.

The school has an enrolment of approximately 1208 students.

Western Suburbs Magpies
The Western Suburbs Magpies (legal name: Western Suburbs District Rugby League Football Club Ltd) is an Australian rugby league football club based in the western suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales. Formed in 1908, Wests, as the club is commonly referred to, was one of the nine foundation clubs of the first New South Wales Rugby League competition in Australia. The club, as a sole entity, departed the top-flight competition in 1999 after forming a 50–50 joint venture with Balmain Tigers to form the Wests Tigers. The club currently fields sides in the NSW State Cup (Canterbury Cup), Ron Massey Cup (Opens), S.G. Ball Cup (Under 19's) and Harold Matthews Cup (Under 17's) competitions.

Campbelltown Stadium, which has a capacity of 18,000, is the club's home stadium.
F200DB-045
F200DB-045 is a candidate high-redshift galaxy, with an estimated redshift of approximately z = 20.4, corresponding to 168 million years after the Big Bang. If confirmed, it would be one of the earliest and most distant known galaxies observed.

F200DB-045 would have a light-travel distance (lookback time) of 13.7 billion years, and, due to the expansion of the universe, a present proper distance of 36.1 billion light-years.

Nonetheless, the redshift value of the galaxy presented by the procedure in one study may differ from the values presented in other studies using different procedures.

Comoving and proper distances
In standard cosmology, comoving distance and proper distance (or physical distance) are two closely related distance measures used by cosmologists to define distances between objects. Comoving distance factors out the expansion of the universe, giving a distance that does not change in time except due to local factors, such as the motion of a galaxy within a cluster. Proper distance roughly corresponds to where a distant object would be at a specific moment of cosmological time, which can change over time due to the expansion of the universe. Comoving distance and proper distance are defined to be equal at the present time. At other times, the Universe's expansion results in the proper distance changing, while the comoving distance remains constant.