hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russian cultural property law
After the Second World War in 1945, issues surrounding wartime loss and compensation started to arise. Cultural valuables were taken from Germany and placed in the Soviet Union. Years later, at the break up of the USSR, the said cultural valuables came to attention as the issue of ownership arose. Following, the debates between the Russian Duma and the Yeltsin government began, with the Duma focusing on compensation to Russia for wartime loss, and Yeltsin focusing on maintaining international relationships and agreements. Arising from the debate, were many struggles, but ultimately the enactment of the Federal Law on Cultural Valuables Displaced to the USSR as a Result of the Second World War and Located on the Territory of the Russian Federation.

Constitutional court
A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether they conflict with constitutionally established rules, rights, and freedoms, among other things.
Thrace
Thrace (/θreɪs/, thrayss; Bulgarian: Тракия, romanised: Trakiya; Greek: Θράκη, romanised: Thráki; Turkish: Trakya) is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe roughly corresponding to the province of Thrace in the Roman Empire. Bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea to the east, it comprises present-day southeastern Bulgaria (Northern Thrace), northeastern Greece (Western Thrace), and the European part of Turkey (East Thrace). Lands also inhabited by ancient Thracians extended in the north to modern-day Northern Bulgaria and Romania and to the west into Macedonia.

Tereus
In Greek mythology, Tereus (/ˈtɛriəs, ˈtɪərjuːs/; Ancient Greek: Τηρεύς) was a Thracian king, the son of Ares and the naiad Bistonis. He was the brother of Dryas. Tereus was the husband of the Athenian princess Procne and the father of Itys.
Larry Ruvo
Lawrence Wayne Ruvo (born 1946) is an American business executive, wine expert, and philanthropist who is currently the vice president and general manager of Southern Wine and Spirits of Nevada. He founded the Keep Memory Alive foundation and The Lou Ruvo Brain Institute. He serves on the American Gaming Association Board of Directors and is a member of the Gaming Hall of Fame (2005). He is married and has three daughters.

Larry Ruvo is one of the leaders in finding a cure for Alzheimer's Disease through the "Keep Memory Alive Foundation" & The Cleveland Clinic / Lou Ruvo Brain Institute.

Gaming Hall of Fame
The Gaming Hall of Fame was established in 1989 to recognize individuals who have played a significant role in the American gambling-entertainment industry.

The Gaming Hall of Fame Ceremony takes place annually during G2E Las Vegas and is organized by the American Gaming Association (AGA) and its members to honor achievements in industry leadership and entertainment. Induction into the Gaming Hall of Fame is the highest honor accorded by the American gambling-entertainment industry.  Each year, individuals who have distinguished themselves through significant contributions to the industry receive this distinction.  More than 100 people have been inducted into the Gaming Hall of Fame since its inception in 1989.
Calvin Deming
Calvin Deming (June 28, 1896 – September 17, 1963) was an American politician and businessman.

Deming was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota and went to the Minneapolis public schools. He served in the United States Army during World War I. Deming went to Carleton College. He lived in Minneapolis with his wife and family and was in the real estate business. Deming served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1927 to 1930. His father Portius C. Deming also served in the Minnesota House of Representatives. He then lived in Grinnell, Iowa and was the director of admissions at Grinnell College. He died at his home in Arcadia, California.

Arcadia, California
Arcadia is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located about 13 miles (21 km) northeast of downtown Los Angeles in the San Gabriel Valley and at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. It contains a series of adjacent parks consisting of the Santa Anita Park racetrack, the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, and Arcadia County Park. The city had a population of 56,681 at the 2020 census. The city is named after Arcadia, Greece.
Heinrich Müller (politician)
Heinrich Müller (born 11 December 1981) is a South African politician who has been a member of the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature since 2024 where he represents the Democratic Alliance. He formerly served as the ward councillor for ward 9 in Nelson Mandela Bay.

Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
The Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala oMbaxa iNelson Mandela Bay; Afrikaans: Nelson Mandelabaai Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit) is one of eight metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. It is located on the shores of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape province and comprises the city of Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), the nearby towns of Uitenhage and Despatch, and the surrounding rural area.

The name "Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality" was chosen to honour former President Nelson Mandela.
Milan Puskar Health Right
Milan Puskar Health Right (Health Right) is a free clinic that provides health and dental care to the uninsured and underinsured at no cost in the city of Morgantown, and Marion, Monongalia, Taylor and Preston counties in West Virginia. Founded in 1984, it accommodates nearly 4,000 patients and 22,000 patient visits annually.

Preston County, West Virginia
Preston County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 34,216. Its county seat is Kingwood. The county was formed from Monongalia County in 1818 and named for Virginia Governor James Patton Preston.

Preston County is part of the Morgantown, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is the southernmost county of the Pittsburgh media market. It is the home of The Buckwheat Festival, a county fair known for making buckwheat pancakes.
Raphaël Adam (playwright)
Raphaël Adam (21 July 1860 – after 1940) was a 19th–20th-century French chansonnier and playwright.

A prolific chansonnier of the interwar period, his theatre plays were presented on the most significant Parisian stages of his time including the Théâtre du Gymnase, the Théâtre de Belleville, and the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques.

Chansonnier (singer)
A chansonnier (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃sɔnje]; female: chansonnière, [ʃɑ̃sɔnjɛʁ]) was a poet songwriter, a solitary singer, who sang their own songs (chansons) with a guitar, prominent in francophone countries during the 1960s and 1970s. Unlike popular singers, chansonniers need no artifice to sing their soul poetry. They performed in "Les Boites à Chansons" which flourished during those years. The themes of their songs varied but included nature, love, simplicity and a social interest to improve their world.
Akebono Maru No.28
Akebono Maru No. 28 was a Japanese fishing trawler that capsized on 5 January 1982. The Minerals Management Service of Alaska reported she sank 50 miles (80 km) north of the Adak and notes it at the top of its list of "Alaska's Ten Worst Shipping Losses
In The Last 20 Years". In total, 32 people died.

Fishing trawler
A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls. Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively dragging or pulling a trawl through the water behind one or more trawlers. Trawls are fishing nets that are pulled along the bottom of the sea or in midwater at a specified depth. A trawler may also operate two or more trawl nets simultaneously (double-rig and multi-rig).

There are many variants of trawling gear. They vary according to local traditions, bottom conditions, and how large and powerful the trawling boats are. A trawling boat can be a small open boat with only 30 horsepower (22 kW) or a large factory ship with 10,000 horsepower (7457 kW). Trawl variants include beam trawls, large-opening midwater trawls, and large bottom trawls, such as "rock hoppers" that are rigged with heavy rubber wheels that let the net crawl over rocky bottom.
Anila
Anila (Sanskrit: अनिल, romanized: Anila) is one of the Vasus in Hinduism, the gods of the elements of the cosmos. He is often associated with the wind god Vayu, regarded to be a form of the deity when numbered among the Vasus.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Minuscule 27
Minuscule 27 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament Gospels, written on vellum. It is designated by Min. 27 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε 1023 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 10th century. It has liturgical books and marginalia.

Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin, rather than the skin of other animals or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices.

Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there can be great variations in texture due to the way it is made and the quality of the skin used. The making of vellum involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame, and scraping of the skin with a lunellum.

Modern paper vellum is made of plant cellulose fibers and gets its name from having a similar use to actual vellum, as well as its high quality.
Loevinger's stages of ego development
Loevinger's stages of ego development are proposed by developmental psychologist Jane Loevinger (1918–2008) and conceptualize a theory based on Erik Erikson's psychosocial model and the works of Harry Stack Sullivan (1892–1949) in which "the ego was theorized to mature and evolve through stages across the lifespan as a result of a dynamic interaction between the inner self and the outer environment".
Loevinger's theory contributes to the delineation of ego development, which goes beyond the fragmentation of trait psychology and looks at personality as a meaningful whole.

Harry Stack Sullivan
Herbert "Harry" Stack Sullivan (February 21, 1892 – January 14, 1949) was an American neo-Freudian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who held that "personality can never be isolated from the complex interpersonal relationships in which [a] person lives" and that "[t]he field of psychiatry is the field of interpersonal relations under any and all circumstances in which [such] relations exist". Having studied therapists Sigmund Freud, Adolf Meyer, and William Alanson White, he devoted years of clinical and research work to helping people with psychotic illness.
Glassblowing
Glassblowing is a glassforming technique that involves inflating molten glass into a bubble (or parison) with the aid of a blowpipe (or blow tube). A person who blows glass is called a glassblower, while the head of a glassblowing workshop is known as a gaffer. A lampworker (often also called a glassblower or glassworker) manipulates glass with the use of a torch on a smaller scale, such as in producing precision laboratory glassware out of borosilicate glass.

Murano
Murano is a series of islands linked by bridges in the Venetian Lagoon, northern Italy. It lies about 1.5 km (1 mi) north of Venice and measures about 1.5 km (1 mi) across with a population of just over 5,000 (2004 figures). It is famous for its glass making. It was once an independent comune, but is now a frazione of the comune of Venice.
Via XXXI
The item to Laminio, alio itinere Cæsarea Augusta, as it appears in the original document, or Antonine Itinerary A-31, according to the nomenclature adopted by Eduardo Saavedra to classify the Roman roads of Hispania that appear in that document, is a communication route of Ancient Rome through the current Iberian Peninsula. Of all the Hispanic Itineraries, this is one of the most difficult to reconstruct since most of its points of passage have not yet been fully established, among them Laminio, the city of origin, and there are notable discrepancies within the scientific community.

Chinchilla de Montearagón
Chinchilla de Montearagón or Chinchilla de Monte-Aragón, or simply Chinchilla, is a municipality in the province of Albacete in Castile-La Mancha, Spain. Spreading across a total area of 679.27 km2 (262.27 sq mi), the municipality has population of 4,182 (2018).
Maryland Jockey Club
The Maryland Jockey Club is a sporting organization dedicated to horse racing, founded in Annapolis in 1743. It is chartered as the oldest sporting organization and is currently the corporate name of the company that operates Laurel Park Racecourse in Laurel, Maryland and Bowie Race Track in Bowie, Maryland, the latter of which ceased operations as a track in 1985 and now serves as a training center for Thoroughbred racehorses.

Bowie, Maryland
Bowie (/ˈbuːi/) is a city in Prince George's County, Maryland, U.S. Per the 2020 census, the population was 58,329. Bowie has grown from a small railroad stop to the largest municipality in Prince George's County; it is also the fifth most populous city and third largest city by area in the U.S. state of Maryland. The city is home to Bowie State University, Maryland's oldest historically Black university.
Blind Date (1996 film)
Blind Date is a 1996 Dutch film by director Theo van Gogh.

In 1996, the film was nominated for four Golden Calves at the Netherlands Film Festival and won three.

In 2007, Stanley Tucci released a remake of the film.

Golden Calf (award)
The Golden Calf (Dutch: Gouden Kalf) is the award of the Netherlands Film Festival, which is held annually in Utrecht. The award has been presented since 1981, originally in six categories: Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Feature Film, Best Short Film, Culture Prize and Honourable mention. In 2004, there were 16 award categories, mainly because in 2003 the categories Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Music, Best Production Design, Best Sound Design were added.

Famous Dutch film makers and actors that have won a Golden Calf include Rutger Hauer, Louis van Gasteren, Paul Verhoeven, Eddy Terstall, Carice van Houten, Felix de Rooy, Fons Rademakers, Martin Koolhoven, Alex van Warmerdam, Fedja van Huêt, Jean van de Velde, Pim de la Parra, Dick Maas, Marleen Gorris, Ian Kerkhof, Jeroen Krabbé, Monic Hendrickx, Rijk de Gooyer, Marwan Kenzari and Steve McQueen (director).
Waterloo (1815 ship)
Waterloo was a  merchant ship built at Bristol, England in 1815. On her first voyage she suffered a short-lived mutiny. She then made one voyage under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). She made four voyages transporting convicts from England to Australia, and two voyages from Ireland to Australia. On her seventh convict voyage Waterloo wrecked on 28 August 1842 in Table Bay with great loss of life.

Convict
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former convicts, especially those recently released from prison, is "ex-con" ("ex-convict"). Persons convicted and sentenced to non-custodial sentences tend not to be described as "convicts".

The label of "ex-convict" usually has lifelong implications, such as social stigma or reduced opportunities for employment. The federal government of Australia, for instance, will not, in general, employ an ex-convict, while some state and territory governments may limit the time for or before which a former convict may be employed.
The Battle of the Boyne (painting)
The Battle of the Boyne is a 1778 historical painting by the Anglo-American artist Benjamin West.  It portrays the Battle of the Boyne which took place in Ireland in 1690. West's depiction of William of Orange on his white horse became the iconic image of liberation from Catholic Ireland; the painting was widely copied and distributed throughout the nineteenth century. It was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1780. The original is now part of the Duke of Westminster's private collection at Eaton Hall, Cheshire.

Duke of Westminster
Duke of Westminster is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created by Queen Victoria in 1874 and bestowed upon Hugh Grosvenor, 3rd Marquess of Westminster. It is the most recent dukedom conferred on someone not related to the British royal family.

The 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Dukes were each grandsons of the first. The present holder of the title is Hugh Grosvenor, the 7th Duke, who inherited the dukedom on 9 August 2016 on the death of his father, Gerald. The present duke is a godfather of Prince George of Wales.

The Duke of Westminster's seats are at Eaton Hall, Cheshire, and at Abbeystead House, Lancashire. The family's London town house was Grosvenor House, Park Lane, while Halkyn Castle was built as a sporting lodge for the family in the early 1800s. The traditional burial place of the Dukes is the Old Churchyard adjacent to St Mary's Church, Eccleston.
Quickfire (TV program)
Quickfire: 10-Minute Kitchen Wonders is a Philippine television cooking show television program broadcast by Q and GMA News TV. Hosted by Rosebud Benitez, it premiered on May 5, 2008. The show concluded on June 29, 2012.

GMA News TV
GMA News TV (GNTV; visually rendered in uppercase in its logo) is a 24-hour Philippine-based international pay television channel owned by Citynet Network Marketing and Productions Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of GMA Network Inc. It was originally launched in the Philippines on February 28, 2011, as a domestic free-to-air television network, replacing Q. The international pay television channel, GMA News TV International, was launched later in 2011.

Despite in conflicts of blocktime programs during pre-COVID-19 pandemic era (e.g. The World of Gandang Ricky Reyes and #MichaelAngelo series) and intense competition with other minor television networks, GMA News TV ended its Philippine broadcast operations on February 22, 2021, to make way for GTV. GMA News TV International was renamed GMA News TV and continues to broadcast.
Dead Stream Flooding State Wildlife Management Area
The Dead Stream Flooding State Wildlife Management Area is a protected wildlife area located in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The wildlife management area centers along the Muskegon River about 2 miles (3.2 km) from its source at Houghton Lake.  It incorporates rural areas in Enterprise Township within Missaukee County and Lake Township within Roscommon County for an approximate total area of 1,024 acres (4.14 km2).  It is controlled and maintained by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources.

The wildlife management area owes its creation to the Reedsburg Dam, which was constructed in 1940 along the Muskegon River to alleviate flooding from Houghton Lake.  The resulting reservoir became known as the Dead Stream Flooding (or Dead Stream Swamp) at a fluctuating size of approximately 540 acres (2.19 km2).

Missaukee County, Michigan
Missaukee County (/mɪˈsɔːki/ mih-SAW-kee) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,052. The county seat is Lake City.

Missaukee County is part of the Cadillac, MI micropolitan statistical area. The county is considered to be part of Northern Michigan.
Langkoop
Langkoop is a locality in the Shire of West Wimmera, Victoria, Australia. Langkoop was home to the current AFL footballer, 2020, 2023 Brownlow Medalist and 2024 Gary Ayres Award Premiership Captain Lachie Neale and Australian Hockey Player Hattie Shand.

Shire of West Wimmera
The Shire of West Wimmera is a local government area in the western part of the Wimmera region of Victoria, Australia, located in the western part of the state. It covers an area of 9,108 square kilometres (3,517 sq mi) and in June 2018 had a population of 3,862. It includes the towns of Apsley, Edenhope, Goroke, Gymbowen, Harrow, Kaniva, Minimay, Nurcoung and Serviceton.

The Shire is governed and administered by the West Wimmera Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Edenhope, it also has a service centre located in Kaniva. The Shire is named after the Wimmera region, in which the LGA occupies the western portion. The LGA is also located entirely to the west of the Wimmera River, which actually meanders through the Rural City of Horsham to the east.
Settimio Todisco
Settimio Todisco (10 May 1924 – 26 March 2025) was an Italian prelate in the Roman Catholic Church.

Todisco was born in Brindisi and ordained a priest on 27 July 1947. Todisco was appointed Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi, as well as titular bishop of Bigastro, on 15 December 1969 and ordained on 15 February 1970. Todisco was appointed bishop to the Diocese of Brindisi-Ostuni on 24 May 1975 and elevated to archbishop when the diocese changed its name to the Archdiocese of Brindisi-Ostuni in 1986. Todisco retired from the archdiocese on 5 February 2000. Settimio died on 26 March 2025, at the age of 100.

Diocese of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi
The Diocese of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi (Latin: Dioecesis Melphictensis-Rubensis-Iuvenacensis-Terlitiensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church  in Apulia, southern Italy, which was established in 1986, when the diocese of Molfetta-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi was united with the diocese of Ruvo. Giovinazzo is only four miles south-east of Molfetta along the Adriatic coast, and Ruvo only ten miles inland to the south-west; Terlizzi is likewise only four miles from Molfetta, some four miles nearer than Ruvo. The historical diocese of Molfetta was expanded in 1818. The current diocese is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Bari-Bitonto.
Ludo (film)
Ludo is a 2020 Indian Hindi-language black comedy crime film written and directed by Anurag Basu. It stars an ensemble cast of Abhishek Bachchan, Aditya Roy Kapur, Rajkummar Rao, Fatima Sana Shaikh, Sanya Malhotra, Rohit Saraf, and Pearle Maaney. It was produced by T-Series Films, Anurag Basu Productions and Ishana Movies.

The film was released on 12 November 2020 coinciding with Diwali on Netflix, receiving positive reviews with praise towards its screenplay, cinematography, music, direction, and performances of the cast.

At the 66th Filmfare Awards, Ludo received a leading 16 nominations, including Best Film, Best Director (Basu), Best Actor, Best Actor (Critics) (both for Rao), Best Actress (Critics) (Malhotra), and Best Supporting Actor (Tripathi), and won Best Music Director (Pritam).

Filmfare Award for Best Music Director
The Filmfare Award for Best Music Director is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. Filmfare award is the most prestigious award in India for Music Directors apart from the National Award. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad Ali was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj" from the film Baiju Bawra. For the first two years, it was awarded to the composer for a particular song and not the entire album. From 1956 onwards, awards in this category have been given for the entire soundtrack. From 2017, the name of this was category changed from best music direction to music album.