hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Austria–Italy border
The Austrian–Italian border is a 404 km (251 mi) land border along the Alps between the Republic of Italy and the Republic of Austria. Although a border between Austria and Italy has existed since the 1861 Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, most of the current modern-day border was only established in 1920, after the First World War. It has been an EU internal border since 1 January 1995. The border was last changed in 1947.

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italian: [friˈuːli veˈnɛttsja ˈdʒuːlja]) is one of the 20 regions of Italy and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The regional capital is Trieste on the Gulf of Trieste, a bay of the Adriatic Sea.

Friuli-Venezia Giulia has a population of 1,194,095 in an area of 7,924.36 square kilometres (3,059.61 sq mi) as of 2025. A natural opening to the sea for many central European countries, the region is traversed by the major transport routes between the east and west of Southern Europe. It encompasses the historical-geographical region of Friuli and a small portion of the historical region of Venezia Giulia—also known in English as the Julian March—each with its own distinct history, traditions and identity.
Glyn Gower Formation
The Glyn Gower Formation is a geologic formation in Wales. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. The formation, which is still widely called the Glyn Gower Siltstones in modern British Geological Survey usage, is a 130–150 metre-thick package of ash-rich silty mudstones that crops out around the Bala Fault Zone of north-central Wales. Deposited in a warm, shallow sea late in the Caradoc (Sandbian) Age, the Glyn Gower beds are neatly sandwiched between two thin volcanic-ash layers that serve as natural time-stamps. Within this ash-bounded slice, mudstones teem with fossils—shell-bearing brachiopods, armoured trilobites and the pencil-thin graptolite Diplograptus foliaceus, whose first appearance lets geologists match these rocks to others of exactly the same age.

Caradoc
Caradoc Vreichvras (Welsh pronunciation: [kʰaˈɾɑːdak]; Modern Welsh: Caradog Freichfras, lit. 'Caradoc Strongarm') was a semi-legendary ancestor to the kings of Gwent. He may have lived during the 5th or 6th century. He is remembered in the Matter of Britain as a Knight of the Round Table, under the names King Carados and Carados Briefbras (French for "Carados Shortarm").
The Paradise Shanty
"The Paradise Shanty" is the 30th and the finale television play episode of the first season of the Australian anthology television series Australian Playhouse. "The Paradise Shanty" was written by Kevin McGrath and directed by Patrick Barton and originally aired on ABC on 7 November 1966.

Australian Playhouse
Australian Playhouse was an Australian anthology TV series featuring the work of Australian writers.

It ran for two series consisting of 40 episodes. Among the featured productions were works by Pat Flower who was the main writer having written 10 episodes, other writers included Tony Morphett, John Warwick, Barbara Vernon, Richard Lane, James Davern and David Sale
Zarina Zabrisky
Zarina Zabrisky is an American writer and reporter based in Ukraine. She is the author of the novel, We, Monsters, several collections of short stories, including Explosion, A Cute Tombstone and her debut work, Iron, and a book of collaborative poetry and art, Green Lions, co-written with Simon Rogghe.

She is a correspondent for Byline Times and Euromaidan Press. She has contributed to BBC News, Voice of America, TVP World, The Sunday Post, and more.

Zabrisky also co-produced the award-winning documentary Under the Deadly Skies and directed and produced the documentary Kherson: Human Safari.

Her work in exposing Putin’s crimes in Ukraine led Zabrisky to be sanctioned by the Russian foreign Ministry in August 2025, which added her to its "stop list", banning from ever entering the country.

Euromaidan Press
Euromaidan Press (EP) is an English-language news website launched in 2014 by contributors from Ukraine, sponsored by reader contributions and the International Renaissance Foundation. It shares its name with the Euromaidan movement in Ukraine. Registered as a non-governmental organization, EP's stated goal is to provide English-language material to those interested in Ukrainian topics such as business issues, the economy, military conflict, and tourism.
Toy Selectah
Antonio Hernández, better known as Toy Selectah, is a Mexican musician. He began his career as a member of the group Control Machete and has collaborated with artists such as MIA, Cypress Hill, Santa Fe Klan, Thievery Corporation, Café Tacuba, Manu Chao and Celso Piña, among many others.

Cypress Hill
Cypress Hill is an American hip-hop group formed in South Gate, California in 1988. One of the first Latin American groups to gain mainstream recognition in hip-hop, they have sold over 20 million albums worldwide, and have obtained multi-platinum and platinum certifications. The group has been critically acclaimed for their first five albums. They are considered to be among the main progenitors of West Coast hip-hop and 1990s hip-hop. All of the group members advocate for medical and recreational use of cannabis in the United States. In 2019, Cypress Hill became the first hip-hop group to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Little River (Goose Creek tributary)
Little River is a 23.4-mile-long (37.7 km) tributary stream of Goose Creek in Fauquier and Loudoun counties in Northern Virginia. Via Goose Creek, it is a tributary of the Potomac River.

The stream rises to the east of Marshall in Fauquier County and flows northwards along the western base of the Bull Run Mountains to Aldie, where it passes between the Bull Run Mountains and Catoctin Mountain.  It then flows northward along the eastern slope of the latter mountain, joining Goose Creek east of Oatlands.

The Little River Turnpike (present-day U.S. Route 50/State Route 236) derives its name from the stream, as its western terminus was at the Little River in Aldie where it intersected the Ashby's Gap Turnpike and Snickersville Turnpike.

Virginia State Route 236
State Route 236 (SR 236) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 15.63 miles (25.15 km) from U.S. Route 29 and US 50 in Fairfax east to SR 400 in Alexandria. SR 236 is a major suburban arterial highway that connects the independent cities of Fairfax and Alexandria via Annandale in Fairfax County. The state highway is known as Main Street in City of Fairfax, Little River Turnpike in Fairfax County, where the highway meets Interstate 495 (I-495), and Duke Street in Alexandria, where the road has junctions with I-395 and US 1.
Peerless Trout First Nation
The Peerless Trout First Nation is a First Nations band government in northern Alberta, Canada, that is based out of Peerless Lake. It is part of the Treaty 8 Confederacy and was formed as Alberta's forty-fifth First Nation in 2010.

The Peerless Lake First Nation had a registered population of 966 as of July 2019. It has one reserve, Peerless Trout 238, in proximity to Peerless Lake and Trout Lake. Other reserves will be established in proximity to Calling Lake, Chipewyan Lake, and Wabasca.

The First Nation is governed by a council led by Chief Gilbert Okemow. Its first chief, originally elected in 2010, was James Alook. Its first female chief, was Chief Gladys Okemow, who was in office from 2018–2022.

Northern Alberta
Northern Alberta is a geographic region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

An informally defined cultural region, the boundaries of Northern Alberta are not fixed. Under some schemes, the region encompasses everything north of the centre of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor, including most of the province's landmass as well as its capital, Edmonton. Other schemes place Edmonton and its surrounding farmland in Central Alberta, limiting Northern Alberta to the northern half of the province, where forestry, oil, and gas are the dominant industries.

Its primary industry is oil and gas, with large heavy oil reserves being exploited at the Athabasca oil sands and Wabasca area in the east of the region. Natural gas is extracted in Peace region and Chinchaga-Rainbow areas in the west, and forestry and logging are also developed in the boreal forests of this region. As of 2023, the region had a population of approximately 374,572.
Propaganda in East Germany
After the end of World War II Germany was separated into four occupied zones: 
British zone, American zone, French zone and Soviet zone. 
In 1947, the "German People's Congress for Unity and Just Peace" met in Berlin. The Congress was to take the demands of all the occupied zones, and create a peace treaty which would enact a centralized German government. 
The Stalin Regime created the German Democratic Republic on 9 October 1949.

American occupation zone in Germany
The American occupation zone in Germany (German: Amerikanische Besatzungszone), also known as the US-Zone, and the Southwest zone, was one of the four occupation zones established by the Allies of World War II in Germany west of the Oder–Neisse line in July 1945, around two months after the German surrender and the end of World War II in Europe. It was controlled by the Office of Military Government, United States (OMGUS) and ceased to exist after the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany on 21 September 1949 (FRG established 23 May 1949), but the United States maintains military presence across Germany.
Virginia Harper
Virginia Harper (December 23, 1929 – September 3, 1997) was a civil rights activist known for her work against the rerouting of U.S. Highway 61 (US 61) through the Mexican-American and Black neighborhoods of Fort Madison, Iowa.

Iowa Department of Transportation
The Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) is the government organization in the U.S. state of Iowa responsible for the organization, construction, and maintenance of the primary highway system.  Located in Ames, Iowa, DOT is also responsible for licensing drivers and programming and planning for aviation, rail, and public transit.

The organization was created in 1904 as the Iowa State Highway Commission, an extension of Iowa State College in Ames.  In 1913, the commission was spun off from the college and became a government organization.  In 1974, the highway commission was folded into a larger transportation department with other modes of transportation.
MV Norris Castle (1968)
MV Norris Castle, the third vessel in the Red Funnel fleet to carry the name, was built in 1968 by John I. Thornycroft & Company at Woolston  and operated as a car ferry between Southampton and East Cowes until 1994. Mrs Joan Lacon, owner of the namesake building, Norris Castle, named the ship. Originally designed to load and discharge through the bows, in 1976, she was converted to drive through operation, with mezzanine decks and an extended superstructure, by Boele in Rotterdam. As built, she was 191 feet 3 inches (58.29 m) long with a capacity of 734 GT. After rebuilding she was extended to 221 feet 2 inches (67.41 m) and 999 GT.

With the arrival of Red Osprey in 1994, she was surplus to requirements and sold to Jadrolinija for service in Croatia. She was renamed Lovrjenac. After 14 years further service, she was laid up in 2008.

Norris Castle
50°45′47″N 1°16′14″W﻿ / ﻿50.763056°N 1.270556°W﻿ / 50.763056; -1.270556

Norris Castle is located on the Isle of Wight. It was designed by James Wyatt for Lord Henry Seymour. The estate adjoins Osborne House, country home to Queen Victoria. On the other side of Norris Castle sits the Spring Hill estate, bought by William Goodrich in 1794. Norris Castle was built in 1799 and sits in 225 acres of land, with a mile of waterfront. The Castle is a Grade I listed building.

The parks and gardens at Norris Castle are the Isle of Wight's only Grade I landscape listed by Historic England. The landscape at Norris Castle is thought to have been designed in 1799 by Humphry Repton, and it includes a castellated walled garden.

Despite its grandeur, the castle's condition has long suffered due to lack of funding for its upkeep.

At the present time, the castle is closed to the public, awaiting restoration.
Simon Svabic
Simon Svabic (born 18 January 1980) is a Serbian-British former professional rugby league footballer.

He used to play for Salford, Leigh Centurions, Oldham RLFC, Rochdale Hornets and the Blackpool Panthers in the Championship One, usually as a goal-kicking stand-off.

Blackpool Panthers
Blackpool Panthers RLFC was an English professional rugby league club based in Lytham St Annes, Lancashire. They played at Bloomfield Road, between 2005 and 2007, then moved to the Woodlands Memorial Ground owned by Fylde rugby union club. They were members of the Rugby Football League from 2005 to 2010.
Palouse Scenic Byway
The Palouse Scenic Byway is a Washington State Scenic and Recreational Highway in Whitman County, Washington that follows seven different highways in the Palouse region:

SR 26 from the Adams county line to Colfax;

SR 27 from Pullman to Tekoa;

SR 194 from Almota to Pullman;

US 195 from the Idaho state line to Spokane county line;

SR 271 from Oakesdale to Rosalia;

SR 272 from Colfax to Palouse; and

SR 278 from Rockford to Idaho state line

Washington State Route 272
State Route 272 (SR 272) is a 19.22-mile (30.93 km) long state highway serving Whitman County in the U.S. state of Washington. The highway travels from U.S. Route 195 (US 195) in Colfax to a short concurrency with parent route SR 27 in Palouse before ending at the Idaho state line and becoming Idaho State Highway 6 (SH-6). Prior to 1964, the highway was split between Secondary State Highway 3F (SSH 3F) from Colfax to Palouse and a branch of Primary State Highway 3 (PSH 3) from Palouse to the Idaho state line.
Yancy Lindsey
Yancy Benjamen Lindsey (born 1962) is a retired United States Navy vice admiral who last served as Commander, Navy Installations Command. Previously, he was the Commander of the Navy Region Europe, Africa, Central. Lindsey received a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of California, Berkeley in 1986 and later earned a Master of Military Science degree from Marine Corps University and a Master of Science degree in global leadership from the University of San Diego.

His retirement ceremony was held on June 2, 2023.

Navy Region Europe, Africa, Central
Navy Region Europe, Africa, Central (EURAFCENT) is one of eleven current naval regions responsible for the operation and management of Naval shore installations and assigned staff in the European, African and Southwest Asian theaters of operation. EURAFCENT provides the shore support to the United States Naval Forces Europe-Africa. However, it falls under and reports to Commander, Navy Installations Command (CNIC). The region is commanded by RDML Bradley N. Rosen, and is headquartered on Naval Support Activity Naples, Italy.
Midnight Son (opera)
Midnight Son is an opera in one act by composer Gordon Kerry and librettist Louis Nowra. The contemporary opera is inspired by the true story of the murder of Melbourne woman Maria Korp.

Midnight Son was premiered by Victorian Opera in May 2012 at the Merlyn Theatre, CUB Malthouse, in Melbourne. The 90-minute work was conducted by Ollivier-Philippe Cuneo and featured Byron Watson, Antoinette Halloran, Dimity Shepherd, Roxane Hislop and Jonathan Bode.

It was nominated for Best New Australian Work and Best Original Score at the 2013 Helpmann Awards.

Helpmann Award for Best New Australian Work
The Helpmann Award for Best New Australian Work is an award presented by Live Performance Australia (LPA), an employers' organisation which serves as the peak body in the live entertainment and performing arts industries in Australia. The accolade is handed out at the annual Helpmann Awards, which celebrates achievements in musical theatre, contemporary music, comedy, opera, classical music, theatre, dance and physical theatre in Australia.

The award is presented to the author, composer, book writer or lyricist of the production.

As of 2022, the 2019 event was the last one held, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.
Bliznakov
Bliznakov is a Bulgarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Georgi Bliznakov (1920–2004), Bulgarian chemist

Mario Bliznakov (born 1982), Bulgarian footballer

Milka Bliznakov (1927–2010), Bulgarian architect

Nikolay Bliznakov (born 1950), Bulgarian journalist, publicist and politician

Veselin Bliznakov (born 1944), Bulgarian politician

Georgi Bliznakov
Georgi Bliznakov (Bulgarian: Георги Близнаков (14 November 1920 – April 2004) was an eminent Bulgarian chemist. He was head of the Department of Inorganic Chemistry and rector at Sofia University, director of the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and vice-chairman of the academy.
Antler Peak (Wyoming)
Antler Peak, el. 10,063 feet (3,067 m) is a prominent mountain peak in the Gallatin Range in Yellowstone National Park.  The peak was originally named Bell's Peak in honor of an Assistant Secretary of the Interior by either Philetus Norris, the second park superintendent or W.H.Holmes, a U.S. Geological Survey geologist in 1878.  However, in 1885, Arnold Hague of the U.S. Geological Survey renamed the peak Antler Peak because of the numerous shed elk and deer antlers found on its slopes.

Although Antler Peak is clearly visible from the Grand Loop Road as it passes through Swan Lake Flats and the Indian Creek area, there are no maintained trails to the summit.  The Bighorn Pass Trail, with its trailhead at Indian Creek passes approximately 2 miles (3 km) north of the peak.

Philetus Norris
Philetus Walter Norris (August 17, 1821 – January 14, 1885) was an American pioneer, businessman, Union Army officer and politician who was the second superintendent of Yellowstone National Park and was the first person to be paid for that position. He fought in the Civil War, served as a spy behind Confederate lines, and rose to the rank of colonel. He was elected to the Ohio Legislature and founded the town of Norris in Wayne County (now within Detroit), where he ran a real estate business. Mount Norris in Yellowstone is named after him.
Elks Bowl
The Elks Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game played after the 1953 and 1954 regular seasons. There was also an earlier playing of the game, at the junior varsity level, in 1952. Each game was held at a different venue in North Carolina. The bowl's name came from the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, a fraternal order, with proceeds from the game going to their charitable works. Like some other postseason match-ups of the era, such as the Grape Bowl, Glass Bowl, and Optimist Bowl, results are listed in NCAA records, but the games were not considered NCAA-sanctioned bowls.

Varsity team
A varsity team is the highest-level team in a sport or activity representing an educational institution. Varsity teams train to compete against each other during an athletic season or in periodic matches against rival institutions. At high schools in the United States, a varsity team is one step above a school's junior varsity (JV) team, which is composed of less experienced players.

The term varsity originated in Britain in the 1840s and means university; varsity team referring to the principal team that would represent the university in matches against another university. In contrast, student-run college teams within a university typically compete against each other in intramural events and, in the U.S., club sports.
Christine Tobin
Christine Tobin (born 7 January 1963, Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish vocalist and composer from Dublin who has been part of the London jazz and improvising scene since the second half of the 1980s. She has been influenced by a diverse range of singers and writers including Betty Carter, Bessie Smith, Leonard Cohen, Olivier Messiaen, Miles Davis and poets William Butler Yeats, Paul Muldoon and Eva Salzman.

Penny Rimbaud
Penny Lapsang Rimbaud (born Jeremy John Ratter, 8 June 1943) is a writer, poet, philosopher, painter, musician and activist. He was a member of the performance art groups EXIT and Ceres Confusion, and in 1972 was co-founder of the Stonehenge Free Festival, together with Phil Russell aka Wally Hope. In 1977 with Steve Ignorant, he co-founded the seminal anarchist punk band Crass and served as its drummer. Crass disbanded in 1984. Until 2000 Rimbaud devoted himself almost entirely to writing, returning to the public platform in 2001 as a performance poet working with Australian saxophonist Louise Elliott and a wide variety of jazz musicians under the umbrella of Last Amendment.
Thomas Winer Malone
Thomas Winer Malone (November 1, 1929 – January 22, 2018) was a Bahamian wooden boat builder who single-handedly crafted over 200 dinghies in his lifetime. Ranging 10–14 ft (3.0–4.3 m), his boats were hewn from memory without the use of power tools, jigs, or templates. Malone used wood from trees he cut himself on the Abaco Islands.

Malone's Abaco dinghy is open-hulled and single-masted with a small "banana board" supporting the top of the sail.

Before the advent of outboard motors in the 1950s, Bahamian dinghies often provided the sole means of transportation for fishermen, farmers, and visiting families, as well as the occasional smuggler (or rum runner).

Fisherman
A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish.

Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishers and fish farmers. Fishermen may be professional or recreational. Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.
Dalrymple baronets
There have been six baronetcies created for people with the surname Dalrymple, four in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia and two in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.

Dalrymple baronets of Stair (1664): see Viscount of Stair

Dalrymple baronets of Cranstoun (1698)

Dalrymple baronets of Bargeny (1698): see Hamilton-Dalrymple baronets

Dalrymple baronets of Hailes (1701)

Dalrymple baronets of High Mark (1815)

Dalrymple baronets of New Hailes (1887)

Dalrymple baronets of Cranstoun (1698)
The Dalrymple baronetcy of Cranstoun  was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 28 April 1698, for James Dalrymple, second son of James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair, a clerk of the Court of Session and antiquarian. The 5th baronet, Sir John, succeeded as eighth Earl of Stair (and 9th baronet of the 1664 creation) in 1840, and the titles remain merged.
UBS 100 Index
The UBS 100 Index is a Swiss share index launched in April 1987. It tracks the 100 Swiss companies with the largest market capitalizations that are listed on the SIX Swiss stock exchange. In 2022, the UBS 100 Index covered 98% of the publicly traded shares of Swiss companies, measured by free-float market capitalization.

In April 1987, the UBS 100 Index began at 100 points. On 16 September 2022, the index registered at 640 points, and the three largest constituents (Nestlé, Novartis and Roche) made up 48.83% of the assets of an ETF that tracks the index.

Exchange-traded fund
An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a type of investment fund that is also an exchange-traded product; i.e., it is bought and sold on stock exchanges. ETFs own financial assets such as stocks, bonds, currencies, debts, futures contracts, and/or commodities such as gold bars. Many ETFs provide some level of diversification compared to owning an individual stock.