hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Info Institute of Engineering
INFO Institute of Engineering (IIE) is a private engineering autonomous educational Institute, located in Kovilpalayam, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The college is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and is affiliated with Anna University, Chennai. The college was established in 2007. The institute has signed MoUs with local industries for job training.

Anna University
Anna University is a public state university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The main campus is in Guindy. It was originally established on 4 September 1978 and is named after C. N. Annadurai, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
Radicular pain
Radicular pain, or radiculitis (from the Latin: radicula, lit. 'small root'), is pain "radiated" along the dermatome (sensory distribution) of a nerve due to inflammation or other irritation of the nerve root (radiculopathy) at its connection to the spinal column.  A common form of radiculitis is sciatica – radicular pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve from the lower spine to the lower back, gluteal muscles, back of the upper thigh, calf, and foot as often secondary to nerve root irritation from a spinal disc herniation or from osteophytes in the lumbar region of the spine. Radiculitis indicates inflammation of the spinal nerve root, which may lead to pain in that nerve's distribution without weakness – as opposed to radiculopathy.  When the radiating pain is associated with numbness or weakness, the diagnosis is radiculopathy if the lesion is at the nerve root, or myelopathy if at the spinal cord itself.

Myelopathy
Myelopathy describes any neurologic deficit related to the spinal cord. 
When due to trauma, myelopathy is known as (acute) spinal cord injury. When inflammatory, it is known as myelitis. Disease that is vascular in nature is known as vascular myelopathy.

The most common form of myelopathy in humans, cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) also called degenerative cervical myelopathy, results from narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis) ultimately causing compression of the spinal cord. 
In Asian populations, spinal cord compression often occurs due to a different, inflammatory process affecting the posterior longitudinal ligament.
Gundolsheim
Gundolsheim is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. On 3 January 2020 Gundolsheim exits nuclear deal.

Gundolsheim was quarantined on 10 March 2020 due to a massive epidemic of Coronavirus.

Each year the village organizes a world event: the Gundo'bylette. Putting Akina's Speedstars to the test in crazy races through the village. The slogan of the event is "Kansai Dorifto".

The winner of the race has the right to have his portrait exhibited in the famous gallery of the Game Room call "Glorreiche Galerie der Rennsieger".

In the year of our reckoning, march 2026, the counsellor shall forswear the renewal of his sacred charge, leaving the city shrouded in a veil of dire uncertainty.

Haut-Rhin
Haut-Rhin (French pronunciation: [oʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland. It is named after the river Rhine. Its name means Upper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region, the other being Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine), especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as the Territoire de Belfort, although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France. It had a population of 767,083 in 2021.

On 1 January 2021, the départemental collectivities of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin were merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.
Yamal 101
Yamal-101 (Russian: Ямал-101) was an intended geostationary communications satellite that was lost after launch. It was  built by RSC Energia and operated by Gazprom Space Systems. It was, along with Yamal-102 the first communications satellite of the Yamal programme and the first iteration of the USP Bus. It was a 1,360 kg (3,000 lb) satellite with 2200 watts of power (1300 watts available for the payload) on an unpressurized bus. It had eight SPT-70 electric thrusters by OKB Fakel for station keeping. Its payload was 12 C-band equivalent transponders supplied by Space Systems/Loral.

Lanteris Space Systems
Lanteris Space Systems (formerly Space Systems/Loral, SS/L, SSL and, most recently, Maxar Space Systems) is an American manufacturer of satellites and space systems. It designs and builds satellites and space systems for a wide variety of government and commercial customers.

Its products include high-powered direct-to-home broadcast satellites, commercial weather satellites, digital audio radio satellites, Earth observation satellites and spot-beam satellites for data networking applications.

Based in Palo Alto, California, its major competitors are Boeing Satellite Systems, Lockheed Martin, Thales Alenia Space, Airbus Defence and Space and JSC Information Satellite Systems.
Sheffield Amalgamated Union of File Trades
The Sheffield Amalgamated Union of File Trades was a trade union in the United Kingdom. It was formed in 1915 by the merger of the Machine File Forgers' Union and the Machine File Cutters' Union.  In 1917, it merged with the hand-file forgers and file hardeners unions.  From 1918, it admitted all workers in the file trade who were not eligible to join other unions.  It merged with the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1970.

File (tool)
A file is a tool used to remove fine amounts of material from a workpiece. It is common in woodworking, metalworking, and other similar trade and hobby tasks.  Most are hand tools, made of a case hardened steel bar of rectangular, square, triangular, or round cross-section, with one or more surfaces cut with sharp, generally parallel teeth. A narrow, pointed tang is common at one end, to which a handle may be fitted.

A rasp is a form of file with distinct, individually cut teeth used for coarsely removing large amounts of material.

Files have also been developed with abrasive surfaces, such as natural or synthetic diamond grains or silicon carbide, allowing removal of material that would dull or resist steel files, such as ceramic.
Funnel chart
Funnel charts are a type of chart, often used to represent stages in a sales process and show the amount of potential revenue for each stage. This type of chart can also be useful in identifying potential problem areas in an organization's sales processes. A funnel chart is similar to a stacked percent bar chart.

Percentage
In mathematics, a percentage, percent, or per cent (from Latin  per centum 'by a hundred') is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using the percent sign (%), although the abbreviations pct., pct, and sometimes pc are also used. A percentage is a dimensionless number (pure number), primarily used for expressing proportions, but percent is nonetheless a unit of measurement in its orthography and usage.
Wilfrid Newton
Sir Charles Wilfrid Newton (11 December 1928 – 28 November 2012) was the managing director of Hong Kong's Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) in the 1980s and chairman of London Regional Transport in the 1990s.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
Richard Romanus
Richard Romanus (born Richard Joseph Romanos; February 28, 1943 – December 23, 2023) was an American actor. He appeared in Martin Scorsese's Mean Streets and provided voices for Ralph Bakshi's animated films Wizards and Hey Good Lookin'. He played Richard La Penna, Jennifer Melfi's ex-husband, later husband again, in four episodes of The Sopranos from 1999 to 2002. In 1999, he co-wrote the Christmas film If You Believe along with his wife Anthea Sylbert, which was nominated by the Writers Guild of America TV Award for Original Long Form.

Writers Guild of America Awards
The Writers Guild of America Awards is an award for film, television, and radio writing including both fiction and non-fiction categories given by the Writers Guild of America, East and Writers Guild of America West since 1949.
The American Meme
The American Meme is a 2018 American documentary film that explores the lifestyle and trajectory of four social media influencers. The film was directed, produced and written by Bert Marcus, and follows  Paris Hilton, Emily Ratajkowski, DJ Khaled and Josh Ostrovsky as they work to create commercial brands out of their online presence.

The American Meme premiered at the 2018 Tribeca Film Festival, where it was acquired by Netflix. The purchase was recorded as one of the most high-profile documentary acquisitions of 2018. It was released as a Netflix Original on December 7, 2018.

Owen Gleiberman
Owen Gleiberman (born February 24, 1959) is an American film critic  who has been chief film critic for Variety magazine since May 2016, a title he shares with Peter Debruge. Previously, Gleiberman wrote for Entertainment Weekly from 1990 until 2014. From 1981 to 1989, he wrote for The Phoenix.
Your Shape
Your Shape is an exercise video game developed by Ubisoft, released for PCs and the Wii in 2009. Utilizing a motion tracking camera released with the game, Your Shape guides the player through various aerobic exercises that can be tailored to target certain parts of the body. A sequel was released in 2010 titled Your Shape: Fitness Evolved for the Xbox 360.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
Cancer Minor
Cancer Minor (Latin for "lesser crab") was a constellation composed from a few stars in Gemini adjacent to Cancer. The constellation was introduced in 1612 (or 1613) by Petrus Plancius.

The 5th-magnitude stars constituting Cancer Minor were HD 59686, and 68, 74, 81 and 85 Geminorum, forming a faint natural arrow-shaped asterism.

It is only found on a few 17th-century Dutch celestial globes and in the atlas of Andreas Cellarius. It was no longer used after the 18th century.

Cancer (constellation)
Cancer is one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for crab and it is commonly represented as one. Cancer is a medium-size constellation with an area of 506 square degrees and its stars are rather faint, its brightest star Beta Cancri having an apparent magnitude of 3.5. It contains ten stars with known planets, including 55 Cancri, which has five: one super-Earth and four gas giants, one of which is in the habitable zone and as such has expected temperatures similar to Earth. At the (angular) heart of this sector of our celestial sphere is Praesepe (Messier 44), one of the closest open clusters to Earth and a popular target for amateur astronomers.
YDbDr
YDbDr, sometimes written , is the colour space used in the SECAM (adopted in France and some countries of  the former Eastern Bloc) analog colour television broadcasting standard. It is very close to YUV (used on the PAL system) and its related colour spaces such as YIQ (used on the NTSC system), YPbPr and YCbCr.

is composed of three components: ,  and .  is the luminance,  and  are the chrominance components, representing the red and blue colour differences.

PAL
Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B, D, G, H, I and K. The articles on analogue broadcast television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation.

PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany, with important input from Gerhard Mahler. The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch", the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage").
W Andromedae
W Andromedae is a variable star in the constellation of Andromeda. It is classified as a Mira variable and S-type star, and varies from an apparent visual magnitude of 14.6 at minimum brightness to a magnitude of 6.7 at maximum brightness, with a period of approximately 397.3 days.

W Andromedae was discovered by Thomas David Anderson in 1899.

W Andromedae is an S-type AGB star, in the process of expelling its red giant envelope into space. Line emission from the 115 GHz rotational transition of carbon monoxide was detected in 1986 by Benjamin Zuckerman et al. The width of the emission line indicated that the star is surrounded by a circumstellar envelope expanding at 11 km/sec. The star is losing mass due to stellar winds at a rate of 2.79×10−7 M☉/yr.

Asymptotic giant branch
The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) is a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram populated by evolved cool luminous stars. This is a period of stellar evolution undertaken by all low- to intermediate-mass stars (about 0.5 to 8 solar masses) late in their lives.

Observationally, an asymptotic-giant-branch star will appear as a bright red giant with a luminosity ranging up to thousands of times greater than the Sun. Its interior structure is characterized by a central and largely inert core of carbon and oxygen, a shell where helium is undergoing fusion to form carbon (known as helium burning), another shell where hydrogen is undergoing fusion forming helium (known as hydrogen burning), and a very large envelope of material of composition similar to main-sequence stars (except in the case of carbon stars).
Railroad Square
Railroad Square Art District is an arts, culture and entertainment district of Tallahassee, Florida, located off Railroad Avenue (south of the Amtrak station and FAMU), filled with a variety of metal art sculptures and murals, and stores selling artwork and collectibles.

In 2021, a skateable art park was added in partnership with Team Pain. The skatepark features Florida's longest snake-run.

Florida A&M University
Florida A&M University (FAMU), is a public historically black land-grant university in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. Founded in 1887, it is the third-largest historically black university in the US by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida. It is a member of the State University System of Florida and is accredited to award baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Florida A&M sports teams are known as the Rattlers, and compete in Division I of the NCAA.  They are a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
Spellbound (Dale novel)
Spellbound is a 2008 fantasy/magic novel for children and the 3rd to have been written by British author Anna Dale, the author of Whispering to Witches and Dawn Undercover.

Spellbound is used by the University of Winchester as an example of a book produced by an alumnus of their Creative Writing program who has gone on to become a successful author.

University of Winchester
The University of Winchester is a public research university based in the city of Winchester, Hampshire, England. The university has origins tracing back to 1840 as a teacher training college, but was established in 2005.

Winchester University is a member of The Cathedrals Group (officially the Council of Church Universities and Colleges or CCUC), an association of universities and university colleges in the United Kingdom.

Every year the university holds its graduation ceremonies in Winchester Cathedral.

Graduates of the University of Winchester may use the post-nominals Winton., from the Latin Wintoniensis meaning 'of Winchester'.
Carlos Manuel de Céspedes
Carlos Manuel de Céspedes del Castillo (18 April 1819 – 27 February 1874) was a Cuban revolutionary hero and First President of Cuba in Arms in 1868. Céspedes, who was a plantation owner in Cuba, freed his slaves and made the declaration of Cuban independence in 1868 which started the Ten Years' War (1868–1878). This was the first of three wars of independence, the third of which, the Cuban War of Independence led to the end of Spanish rule in 1898 and Cuba's independence in 1902.

Because of his actions which led to the eventual independence of Cuba, and the fact that three of his children died during his long fight for independence, he is known there as the "Father of the homeland".

Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
Sugar plantations in the Caribbean were a major part of the economy of Caribbean islands in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Most islands were covered with sugarcane fields and mills for refining the crop. The main source of labor, until the abolition of chattel slavery, was enslaved Africans. After the abolition of slavery, indentured laborers from India, China, Portugal and other places were brought to the Caribbean to work in the sugar industry. The plantations produced 80 to 90 percent of the sugar consumed in Western Europe, later supplanted by European-grown sugar beet.
Triana, Tuscany
Triana is a village in Tuscany, central Italy,  administratively a frazione of the comune of Roccalbegna, province of Grosseto, in the southern area of Mount Amiata. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 14.

Triana is about 50 km from Grosseto and 5 km from Roccalbegna.

Monte Amiata
Monte Amiata is the largest of the lava domes  in the Amiata lava dome complex located about 20 km northwest of Lake Bolsena in the southern Tuscany region of Italy. It lies within the provinces of Grosseto and Siena.
2024 Surbiton Trophy – Men's doubles
Liam Broady and Jonny O'Mara were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Julian Cash and Robert Galloway won the title after defeating Nicolás Barrientos and Diego Hidalgo 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Julian Cash
Julian Cash (born 29 August 1996) is a British tennis player who specialises in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 2 achieved on 18 August 2025. Cash won the 2025 Wimbledon title with Lloyd Glasspool becoming the first all-British team to win the title in 89 years. He has won an additional nine ATP Tour doubles titles.

He has also won 17 ATP Challenger doubles titles, 11 with Henry Patten. Ten of the titles came in 2022, a record for most Challenger doubles titles in a single season. He also has a career high singles ranking of No. 786 achieved on 1 August 2022.
Patong Girl
Patong Girl is a 2014 German-Thai film written and directed by Susanna Salonen.  The film premiered on the Festival of German film in Ludwigshafen. It was theatrically released in Germany on 25 December 2014 and in Thailand 21 April 2016. The film premiered in the U.S. at the Austin Film Festival  2014.

Ludwigshafen
Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪçsˌhaːfn̩ ʔam ˈʁaɪn] ⓘ; meaning "Ludwig's Port upon the Rhine"; Palatine German: Ludwichshafe or Lumpehafe), is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the river Rhine (Upper Rhine), opposite Mannheim. With Mannheim, Heidelberg, and the surrounding region, it forms the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region.

Known primarily as an industrial city, Ludwigshafen is home to BASF, the world's largest chemical producer, and other companies. Among its cultural facilities are the Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz.

It is the birthplace and death place of the former Chancellor of Germany, Helmut Kohl.

In 2012, Ludwigshafen was classified as a global city with 'Sufficiency' status by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC).
HMS Senegal
Two vessels that served the Royal Navy have been named Senegal:

HMS Senegal was launched at Rotherhithe on 26 December 1760 as a 14-gun sloop of 292 tons (bm). She grounded while attempting to enter the harbour at Canso, Nova Scotia, on 22 August 1764 and foundered while being towed into the harbour.  It was later commanded by Sir Thomas Rich in 1769 and by William Duddingston in 1771.

HMS Senegal was a sloop of 183 tons (formerly named Racehorse) that the Royal Navy purchased in 1777 and armed with 16 guns. The French captured her on 15 August 1778. HMS Zephyr recaptured her on 2 November 1780 off the Gambia River, but she blew up by accident at Gorée on 22 November.

Canso, Nova Scotia
Canso (Scottish Gaelic: Baile Chanso) is an unincorporated community and former incorporated town in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Canso lies on the far north eastern tip of mainland Nova Scotia at the mouth of Chedabucto Bay. It was incorporated as a town in 1901. In January 2012, it ceased to be a separate town, and was amalgamated into the Municipality of the District of Guysborough in July 2012. The area was first settled as a fishing settlement in the 1600's. The construction of a British fort in the village in 1720 was instrumental in contributing to the outbreak of Dummer's War in 1722. The town is of national historic importance because it was one of only two British settlements in Nova Scotia prior to the establishment of Halifax (1749). Canso played a key role in the defeat of Fortress of Louisbourg. Today, the town attracts people internationally for the annual Stan Rogers Folk Festival.
Grattis världen
Grattis världen ("Congratulations the World") is a television program in which Filip Hammar & Fredrik Wikingsson travel around the world to exotic countries and try unusual and often quite adventurous things. The general plot is quite similar to High Chaparall as Filip and Fredrik interview eccentric people they meet along the way.

Performance artist Pål Hollender, of Swedish Survivor fame, worked on the show as a producer and is seen on camera in several episodes. Some argue he was hired in an effort to promote the show.

The Song The Passenger by Iggy Pop is used as the theme song for the show (though in a cover version by Lars Bygdén).

The Passenger (song)
"The Passenger" is a song written by Iggy Pop and Ricky Gardiner, recorded and released by Iggy Pop on the Lust for Life album in 1977. It was also released as the B-side of the album's first single, "Success". It was released as a single in its own right in March 1998, reaching number 22 in the UK charts.