hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Histiocytosis
In medicine, histiocytosis is an excessive number of histiocytes (tissue macrophages), and the term is also often used to refer to a group of rare diseases which share this sign as a characteristic.  Occasionally and confusingly, the term histiocytosis is sometimes used to refer to individual diseases.

According to the Histiocytosis Association, 1 in 200,000 children in the United States are born with histiocytosis each year. HAA also states that most of the people diagnosed with histiocytosis are children under the age of 10, although the disease can afflict adults. The disease usually occurs from birth to age 15.

Histiocytosis (and malignant histiocytosis) are both important in veterinary as well as human pathology.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Grandfather Ivan (historical myth)
Grandfather Ivan (Bulgarian: Дядо Иван) is a folklore image of Russia in the minds of Bulgarians from the times of the Bulgarian National Revival, portraying Russia as a benevolent, protective force.

Ivan is a Slavic form of the biblical name Joan (John). The apparition of the myth of "Grandfather Ivan" is associated with the marriage of Ivan III to the niece of the last Byzantine emperor, Sophia Palaiologina, in 1472. Through this marriage, Ivan III was formally entitled to ascend to the throne of the already nonexisting Byzantine Empire and also received the moral obligation to liberate the Balkan Orthodox peoples from the Ottoman invaders. "Grandfather Ivan" was accepted as an "old clever patron". This vision was applied not only to the Tsar but also to the Russian people. Sometime in the 18th century, during the Bulgarian National Awakening, the Bulgarians came to the conclusion that "Grandfather Ivan" should come to set them free from the Ottoman rule.

Joan (given name)
Joan (female name: /dʒoʊn/; male name: [(d)ʒuˈan]) is both a feminine form of the personal name John given to girls in the Anglosphere; and the native masculine form of John in the Catalan-Valencian and Occitan languages. In both cases, the name is derived from the Greek via the Latin Ioannes and Ioanna (or Johannes and Johanna), and is thus cognate with John and related to its many forms, including its derived feminine forms.

The name was disseminated widely into many languages and cultures from the Greek name Ἰωάννης (romanised, Iōannēs), along with its feminine form Koine Greek: Ἰωάννα, romanized: Iōanna (romanised, Iōanna).: 144  Its ultimate origin, as with John, is from the Hebrew Yohanan (יוֹחָנָן‎), "Graced by Yah", or Yehohanan (יְהוֹחָנָן‎), "Yahweh is Gracious".
Dapper Dan (designer)
Daniel R. Day (born August 8, 1944), known as Dapper Dan, is an American fashion designer and haberdasher from Harlem, New York. His store, Dapper Dan's Boutique, operated from 1982 to 1992 and is most associated with introducing high fashion to hip hop culture; its clientele includes Mike Tyson, Walter Berry, Eric B. & Rakim, Salt-N-Pepa, LL Cool J, and Jay-Z. In 2017, he launched a fashion line with Gucci, with whom he opened a second store and atelier, Dapper Dan's of Harlem, in 2018.

Dan is included in Time's 100 Most Influential People of 2020.

Walter Berry (basketball)
Walter Berry (born May 14, 1964) is an American former professional basketball player. After spending three seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), he had a very successful career in various leagues around Europe and the EuroLeague. Berry played the power forward position. Berry, who originated from New York City, New York, was nicknamed "The Truth", early in his playing career. He was inducted into the Greek Basket League Hall of Fame in 2022.
2008 SAP Open
The 2008 SAP Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 120th edition of the SAP Open, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the HP Pavilion in San Jose, California, United States, from February 18 through February 24, 2008.

The singles draw featured ATP No. 6 and 2007 Davis Cup champion Andy Roddick, Australian Open quarterfinalist and other 2007 Davis Cup champion James Blake, and 2007 US Open quarterfinalist Tommy Haas. Other seeds were Sydney semifinalist Radek Štěpánek, 2007 SAP Open quarterfinalist Hyung-taik Lee, Jürgen Melzer, Sam Querrey and Kristof Vliegen.

The event started off with an exhibition match between fourteen time Grand Slam champion Pete Sampras and Tommy Haas, replacing injured Marat Safin, scheduled to play the exhibition in the first place. The retired American legend defeated his opponent 6–4, 6–2.

2007 US Open – Men's singles
Three-time defending champion Roger Federer defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–2), 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2007 US Open. It was his fourth US Open title and twelfth major title overall. With the win, Federer marked his third year in which he won three of the four majors. Also, he reached a record-equaling 14th consecutive major quarterfinal (streak starting at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships), matching Roy Emerson and Ivan Lendl. It was Djokovic's first major final, and the first of an eventual record 38 singles major finals.
1919 Campeonato Carioca
The 1919 Campeonato Carioca, the fourteenth edition of the annual football championship of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, kicked off on June 8, 1919 and ended on January 6, 1920. It was organized by LMDT (Liga Metropolitana de Desportos Terrestres, or Metropolitan Land Sports League). Ten teams participated. Fluminense won the title for the 8th time. Carioca was relegated.

Campeonato Carioca
The Campeonato Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (English: Rio de Janeiro State Championship), most known as Campeonato Carioca and commonly as the Cariocão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. It is run by the Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation (FERJ).

The first season of the Campeonato Carioca was played in 1906. Rivalries amongst four of the most prestigious Brazilian teams (Botafogo, Flamengo, Fluminense and Vasco da Gama) have marked the history of the competition. Flamengo leads the title count with 39, followed by Fluminense (33), Vasco da Gama (24), Botafogo (21), America (7), Bangu (2), São Cristóvão and Paissandu (1 each).
Molar conductivity
The molar conductivity of an electrolyte solution is defined as its conductivity divided by its molar concentration:

where

κ is the measured conductivity (formerly known as specific conductance),

c is the molar concentration of the electrolyte.

The SI unit of molar conductivity is siemens metres squared per mole (S m2 mol−1). However, values are often quoted in S cm2 mol−1. In these last units, the value of Λm may be understood as the conductance of a volume of solution between parallel plate electrodes one centimeter apart and of sufficient area so that the solution contains exactly one mole of electrolyte.

Siemens (unit)
The siemens (symbol: S) is the unit of electric conductance, electric susceptance, and electric admittance in the International System of Units (SI). Conductance, susceptance, and admittance are the reciprocals of resistance, reactance, and impedance respectively; hence one siemens is equal to the reciprocal of one ohm (Ω−1) and is also referred to as the mho. The siemens was adopted by the IEC in 1935, and the 14th General Conference on Weights and Measures approved the addition of the siemens as a derived unit in 1971.

The unit is named after Ernst Werner von Siemens. In English, the same word siemens is used both for the singular and plural. Like other SI units named after people, the name of the unit (siemens) is not capitalized. Its symbol (S), however, is capitalized to distinguish it from the second, whose symbol (s) is lower case.

The related property, electrical conductivity, is measured in units of siemens per metre (S/m).
F-factor (conversion factor)
In diagnostic radiology, the F-factor is the conversion factor between exposure to ionizing radiation and the absorbed dose from that radiation. In other words, it converts between the amount of ionization in air (roentgens or, in SI units, coulombs per kilogram of absorber material) and the absorbed dose in air (rads or grays).  The two determinants of the F-factor are the effective atomic number (Z) of the material and the type of ionizing radiation being considered.  Since the effective Z of air and soft tissue is approximately the same, the F-factor is approximately 1 for many x-ray imaging applications.  However, bone has an F-factor of up to 4, due to its higher effective Z.

Absorbed dose
Absorbed dose  is a dose quantity which represents the specific energy (energy per unit mass) deposited by ionizing radiation in living matter. Absorbed dose is used in the calculation of dose uptake in living tissue in both radiation protection (reduction of harmful effects), and radiation oncology (potential beneficial effects, for example in cancer treatment). It is also used to directly compare the effect of radiation on inanimate matter such as in radiation hardening.

The SI unit of measure is the gray (Gy), which is defined as one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of matter. The older, non-SI CGS unit rad,  is sometimes also used, predominantly in the USA.
Ewing (surname)
The surname Ewing is of Scottish origin, and is an Anglicised form derived from the Gaelic clan name Clann Eóghain meaning "Children of Eógan". The forename Eógan is thought to derive ultimately from the Greek eugenḗs (ευγενής), meaning 'noble' or literally 'well-born'.

The earliest known coat of arms in the name Ewing appears in the Workman Armorial dated 1566.

Eógan
Éogan is an early Irish male given name, which also has the hypocoristic and diminutive forms Eoganán, Eóghainin, Eóghain and Eóghainn. The Modern Irish form of the name is Eoghan (pronounced [ˈoː(ə)nˠ]).

In Scottish Gaelic, the name is Eòghann or Eòghan. All of the above are often anglicised as Euan, Ewan, Ewen or, less often, Owen. The name in both Goidelic languages is generally considered a derivative of the Greek and Latin name Eugenes, meaning "noble born".
Jorge Abel López Sánchez
Jorge Abel López Sánchez (born 8 December 1960) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

In the 1994 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Sinaloa's fifth district during the 56th Congress.

From 2003 and 2006 he served in the Senate during the 58th and 59th Congresses as the alternate of José Natividad González Parás, who had been elected as a national-list senator in the 2000 general election but resigned his seat on 12 March 2003.

López Sánchez was later the municipal president of Mazatlán between 2008 and 2010.

LVIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LVIII Legislature of the Congress of the Union of Mexico (58th Congress) met from 1 September 2000 to 31 August 2003. All 628 members of the two chambers of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2000.
David Guttenberg
David Guttenberg (born May 26, 1951) is an American politician serving as a member of the Fairbanks North Star Borough Assembly. A member of the Democratic Party, he was a member of the Alaska House of Representatives from 2003 to 2019, after which his nephew, Grier Hopkins, succeeded him.

Guttenberg missed much of the legislative session in 2013 due to the illness of his wife Marilyn, who died on October 7 that year.

Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska
The Fairbanks North Star Borough is a borough located in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 95,655, down from 97,581 in 2010. The borough seat is Fairbanks. The borough's land area is slightly smaller than that of the state of New Jersey.

Fairbanks North Star Borough comprises the Fairbanks, AK, Metropolitan Statistical Area, one of only two metropolitan areas in Alaska.

The borough is home to the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fort Wainwright and Eielson Air Force Base.
Seaford Secondary College
Seaford Secondary College (previously known as Seaford 6–12 School until 2014) is a coeducational public secondary school located in Seaford in the City of Onkaparinga in Adelaide, South Australia. As of 2021, the school consists of 112 staff members, with the role of Principal held by Harry Stassinopoulos.

Seaford, South Australia
Seaford is a metropolitan suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It lies within the City of Onkaparinga.  Seaford railway station is the southern terminus of the Seaford railway line from Adelaide railway station.

Seaford is a popular surfing beach due to its accessibility from Adelaide and on public transport via the train line. Seaford Shopping Centre, between the train and beach, is the retail and commercial hub for the area. Facilities elsewhere including schools, medical clinics, bakeries, recreation, sports and community centres, parks and playgrounds make it a walkable coastal neighbourhood that attracts many families.

As the population of the suburb has expanded, the Seaford Boardriders club has grown in prominence and success, winning various titles, with older surfers long associated with the area sharing knowledge with emerging generations.
1813 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1813.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
Lakshman Jagannath Vaidya
His Excellency Lakshman Jagannath Vaidya (born 1835), also spelt Laxuman Jagannath Vaidya was Dewan Bahadur and the Dewan of Baroda State from 1886 to 1890. He was the brother of Narayan Jagannath Vaidya. He belonged to the CKP community of Maharashtra and started a scholarship for the CKP students in 1887.

Dewan Bahadur
Dewan Bahadur or Diwan Bahadur was a title of honour awarded during British rule in India. It was awarded to individuals who had performed faithful service or acts of public welfare to the nation. From 1911, the title was accompanied by a special Title Badge. Dewan literally means 'Prime Minister' in the Indian context and Bahadur means brave.

This title was above the Rao Bahadur title, and people with the Rao Bahadur title could be elevated to the status of Diwan Bahadur.

Further, the Prime Ministers of the Indian Princely States were known as Dewan/Diwan. They were also given or promoted directly to the title of Dewan Bahadur by the British authorities on being appointed Dewan, to suit their post.

The Dewan and other similar titles issued during the British Raj were disestablished in August 1947 upon the independence of India.
Bedford Island
Bedford Island (66°28′S 67°9′W﻿ / ﻿66.467°S 67.150°W﻿ / -66.467; -67.150) is an island about 1 nautical mile (2 km) long, lying at the south end of the Barcroft Islands in the Biscoe Islands, 700 m south of Chakarov Island. It was mapped from air photos taken by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (1956–57), and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Thomas Bedford, an English physicist who specialized in the measurement of the physical environment of man.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Akvsenti Giorgadze
Akvsent Guiorgadze (born 4 June 1976 in Kutaisi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Georgian rugby union player. He plays as a hooker.

Guiorgadze played for Toulouse, in 2011/12, and now plays for Tournefeuille, in France. He is an international player for the Georgian national team. Guiorgadze made his debut for Georgia on 12 April 1996 in a match against Czech Republic. Guiorgadze has played 64 times for his country, scoring 12 tries.  Guiorgadze represented Georgia at the 2003, 2007 and 2011 World Cups. Akvsenti is the older brother of Irakli, fellow international rugby player.

Czech Republic national rugby union team
The Czech Republic national rugby union team is the third tier rugby national team of the Czech Republic.

They first started playing as the Czech Republic in 1993 after the split of Czechoslovakia and now compete in the European Nations Cup. They have yet to qualify for the Rugby World Cup, but have entered the qualifiers since the 1995 edition. Rugby union in the Czech Republic is administered by the Czech Rugby Union. The sport is still amateur in the country, but there are several Czech players who are professionals in France, including Martin Jágr.

The best ranking in the world ranking was 24th place in 2005.
The national side is ranked 36th in the world (as of 5 November 2019).
Hauenstein (surname)
Hauenstein is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Henry Hauenstein (1881–1940), Australian rower and World War I officer

Ralph Hauenstein (1912–2016), American army officer, businessman, and philanthropist

Ralph Hauenstein
Ralph Hauenstein (March 20, 1912 – January 10, 2016) was an American philanthropist, army officer and business leader, best known as a newspaper editor. His leadership has produced institutions such as the Hauenstein Center for Presidential Studies at Grand Valley State University, the Hauenstein Parkinsons and Neuroscience Centers at Saint Mary's Hospital and the Grace Hauenstein Library at Aquinas College.
Tairoin Hospital
Tairoin Hospital is a hospital for leprosy patients initiated by Jean Marie Corre (1850–1911) in Shimasaki Machi Kumamoto shi, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, in 1898, initially hospitalizing patients who gathered around Honmyoji Temple. He was a member of M.E.P. or "Missions Etrangères de Paris". The hospital started with the arrival of 5 sisters from the "Franciscan Missionaries of Mary" in 1898.  The name of the hospital was changed to Biwazaki Tairo Hospital in 1952, and then to Tairo Clinic in 1996.  The number of in-patients was 121 in 1948, and was 8 in 2008.

Franciscan Missionaries of Mary
The Franciscan Missionaries of Mary are a Roman Catholic centralized religious institute of consecrated life of Pontifical Right for women founded by Mother Mary of the Passion (born Hélène Marie Philippine de Chappotin de Neuville, 1839–1904) at Ootacamund, then British India, in 1877. The missionaries form an international religious congregation of women representing 77 nationalities spread over 74 countries on five continents.
Tomás Cruz Lorenzo
Tomás Cruz Lorenzo (21 December 1950 – 26 September 1989) was a Chatino activist and writer from San Juan Quiahije, Oaxaca, Mexico. He belonged to a generation of communalist, indigenous thinkers in Mexico which included Floriberto Díaz and Jaime Martínez Luna. His writings are influenced by anarchist ideas and call for the defense of the Chatino language and culture and for the autonomy of the Chatino land, which extends from the coast to the highlands of the Sierra in southeast Oaxaca. He was assassinated while waiting for a bus in 1989. The murder remains unsolved.

Sierra Madre Occidental
The Sierra Madre Occidental is a major mountain range system which runs northwest–southeast through northwestern and western Mexico, and along the Gulf of California. The Sierra Madre is part of the American Cordillera, an almost continuous chain of mountain ranges that forms the western "backbone" of the Americas.
Henry Fleetwood (Aylesbury MP)
Henry Fleetwood (born ca. 1565) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  at various times between 1589 and 1611.

Fleetwood was the youngest son of Thomas Fleetwood of The Vache, Buckinghamshire and his second wife. He was educated at Gray's Inn in 1580 and was called to the bar in 1586. In 1589, he was elected Member of Parliament for Aylesbury.

Fleetwood became a Reader of Staple Inn in 1597 and an ancient of Gray's Inn in 1598. In 1601 he was elected MP for Wycombe. He was re-elected MP for Wycombe in 1604. Fleetwood was Lent reader in 1608 but was also found guilty of corruption by his inn of court in the same year.

Fleetwood married  Elizabeth Fust, daughter of Edward Fust of London. He was the brother of George Fleetwood and William Fleetwood, MP for Middlesex.

Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)
Middlesex was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, then of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until abolished in 1885.  It returned two members per election by various voting systems including hustings.
Roostijati
Roostijati (Perfected Spelling: Roostiati; December 27, 1925 – September 5 or 11, 1975) was an Indonesian actress, soldier, radio announcer, director, athlete, teacher, and make-up artist. She was the sister of actor Djoni Sundawa and was the second Indonesian women director after Ratna Asmara by directing Genangan Air Mata (1955), and was one of the six Indonesian women director before 1998. She was the part of Classical Indonesian Cinema.

Born and raised in Bandung, Roostijati went to Hollandsch-Inlandsche School, and completed her education at Mode Vaak School. In 1945, she joined Laskar Wanita Indonesia (LASWI) as a captain, and moved to sector III, where she worked as a radio announcer and stole the power tools for soldier in forest.

Indonesian orthography
Indonesian orthography refers to the official spelling system used in the Indonesian language. The current system uses the Latin script and is called Ejaan yang Disempurnakan (EYD), commonly translated as Enhanced Spelling, Perfected Spelling or Improved Spelling.