hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Reamer
Robert Chambers Reamer (1873–1938) was an American architect, most noted for the Old Faithful Inn in Yellowstone National Park.  A number of his works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places for their architecture.

Reamer was born in and spent his early life in Oberlin, Ohio. He left home at the age of thirteen and went to work in an architect's office in Detroit as a draftsman.

By the age of twenty-one, Reamer had moved to San Diego and had opened the architectural office of Zimmer & Reamer in partnership with Samuel B. Zimmer.  The firm produced a wide variety of projects, but the only surviving example of Zimmer & Reamer's work is the George H. Hill Block in the Gaslamp District.  The partnership dissolved in 1898, but Reamer continued to work on his own, including work at the Hotel del Coronado.  During this period he became acquainted with the president of the Yellowstone Park Company, Harry W. Child.

Gardiner, Montana
Gardiner is a census-designated place (CDP) in Park County, Montana, United States, along the 45th parallel.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the community and nearby areas was 833.

Gardiner was officially founded in 1880. The area has served as a main entrance to Yellowstone National Park since its creation in 1872. Yellowstone National Park Heritage and Research Center, which opened May 18, 2005, is located in Gardiner and houses National Park Service archives, Yellowstone museum collections and reference libraries.

Gardiner was impacted by the 2022 Montana floods.
Medetomidine
Medetomidine is a veterinary anesthetic medication with potent sedative effects. As of December 2025, it is an emerging illicit drug adulterant.

It is a racemic mixture of two stereoisomers, levomedetomidine and dexmedetomidine, the latter being the isomer with the pharmacologic effect as an alpha 2- adrenergic agonist. Effects can be reversed using atipamezole.

It was developed by Orion Pharma. It is approved for dogs in the United States, and distributed in the United States by Pfizer Animal Health and by Novartis Animal Health in Canada under the product name Domitor. Starting in 2022 medetomidine has been detected in the US in samples of illicit drugs and associated with overdoses.

The free base form of medetomidine is sold as an antifouling substance for marine paints.

Orion Corporation (Finnish company)
Orion Corporation (Finnish: Orion Oyj), founded in 1917 and headquartered at Espoo, Finland, is a globally operating Finnish company which develops, manufactures and markets human and veterinary pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients for global markets. All of the company's manufacturing sites and the majority of its R&D units are in Finland.

Orion's class A and B shares are listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange.
Maireana erioclada
Maireana erioclada, commonly known as rosy bluebush or fleshy bluebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a bushy, spreading, glaucous shrub with hairy branches, fleshy, club-shaped to narrowly egg-shaped leaves, bisexual flowers arranged singly, and a glabrous fruiting perianth with a narrowly funnel-shaped tube with horizontal wings.

Perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of a flower. It is a structure consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals); in perigones it consists of the tepals. It forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs,. The term perianth is derived from Greek περί (peri, "around") and άνθος (anthos, "flower"), while perigonium is derived from περί (peri) and γόνος (gonos, "seed, sex organs").
In the mosses and liverworts (Marchantiophyta), the perianth is the sterile (neither male nor female) tube-like tissue that surrounds the female reproductive structure or developing sporophyte.
1919–20 FA Cup qualifying rounds
The 1919–20 FA Cup was the 45th season of the world's oldest association football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup), and the first since the cancellation of all football competitions owing to the First World War.

The qualifying phase of the competition, in which a total of 384 clubs competed, comprised eight rounds: an extra preliminary, preliminary and six sequentially numbered qualifying rounds. Twelve teams progressed from the last of these to the first round proper

Leeds City F.C.
Leeds City Football Club was the leading professional club in Leeds, England, before the First World War. The club was highly successful in the wartime football league; however, it faced sanction for paying its players during wartime which had been made illegal. The club was dissolved in 1919 after the club's directors failed to co-operate with the subsequent FA inquiry. In 1919 Leeds United was established as a replacement.
Salina Cruz Naval Air Base
Salina Cruz Naval Air Base (Spanish: Estación Aeronaval de Salina Cruz), formerly known as Salina Cruz Airport (IATA: SCX, ICAO: MMSZ) is a Naval Air Base located in Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, Mexico. It previously served as Salina Cruz Airport, catering to commercial flights to Mexico City, primarily served by Aeromar, and supporting military and general aviation activities. However, the runway is no longer operational, and the base is currently utilized exclusively for helicopter operations. The nearest airport providing commercial flights is Ixtepec Airport.

The airport is situated at an elevation of 23 metres (75 ft) above mean sea level. It formerly had one runway, designated 18/36, with an asphalt surface measuring 1,716 by 21 metres (5,630 ft × 69 ft), along with an apron and a small passenger terminal.

Aeromar
Transportes Aeromar, S.A. de C.V, doing business as Aeromar, was a Mexican airline that operated scheduled domestic services in Mexico and international services to the United States, and Cuba. Its main base was Mexico City International Airport.

The airline ceased all operations on February 15, 2023, following a financial collapse.
Olympiad (horse)
Olympiad   (foaled February 5, 2018) is an American multiple graded stakes winning Thoroughbred racehorse. His graded stakes wins include the Grade I Jockey Club Gold Cup at Saratoga Race Course, the Grade II New Orleans Classic Stakes at the Fair Grounds and the Grade II Stephen Foster Stakes at Churchill Downs.

New Orleans Classic Stakes
The New Orleans Classic Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans, Louisiana.  Open to horses four years old and up, the race is run at a distance of one and one-eighth miles on the dirt. It currently offers a purse of  $400,000.

Due to flooding as a result of Hurricane Katrina, the 2006 edition of the New Orleans Handicap was run at Louisiana Downs in Bossier City, Louisiana.
Second Adrian Hasler cabinet
The Second Adrian Hasler cabinet was the governing body of Liechtenstein from 30 March 2017 to 25 March 2021. It was appointed by Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein on behalf of Hans-Adam II and was chaired by Adrian Hasler.

Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein
Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein (Alois Philipp Maria; born 11 June 1968) is the eldest son of Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, and Countess Marie Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau, and the heir apparent to the throne of Liechtenstein. Alois has been regent of the country since 15 August 2004, while his father remains the head of state.

He also holds the title of Count of Rietberg. He is married to Duchess Sophie in Bavaria, who is a member of the House of Wittelsbach, and second in line for the Jacobite succession.
1950 Army Cadets football team
The 1950 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1950 college football season. Led by head coach Earl Blaik, the team finished with an 8–1 record. The Cadets offense scored 267 points, while the defense allowed 40 points. Bob Blaik was the starting quarterback.

Tom Lombardo, the captain of the 1944 Army team, was killed in action in Korea.  Two weeks before the Army–Navy Game, Johnny Trent, the captain of the 1949 Army team, was killed in action. Trent, and Arnold Galiffa, the starting quarterback of the 1949 Army team, were sent with the Eighth Army to Korea. With President Harry S. Truman in attendance, Navy beat Army by a score of 14–2. It was the first time Navy had beaten Army since 1943.

1949 Army Cadets football team
The 1949 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1949 college football season.  The Cadets scored 354 points, while the defense allowed only 68 points. Arnold Galiffa was the starting quarterback, ahead of Earl Blaik's son, Bob. Johnny Trent was the team captain. The Cadets won the Lambert-Meadowlands Trophy as the best college team in the East. At season’s end, Red Blaik confessed that he thoughts of retiring.
Damophilus (painter)
Damophilus (Ancient Greek: Δαμόφιλος) was an ancient Greek painter and coroplast.

Damophilus was probably from Magna Graecia and worked in Rome. Along with his colleague Gorgasus, he was responsible for the decoration of the Temple of Ceres, which was consecrated in 493 BC and located between the Circus Maximus and the Aventine. He was responsible for the decoration of the west side of the temple. During the work, the oldest Etruscan decorative reliefs were removed, framed, and recycled. Damophilus and Gorgasus worked in the Greek style. They created acroteria made of terracotta and painted murals. The works were signed in the form of the artist's epigrams. During later renovations, however, the works were preserved. Today, none of this has been transmitted, at least not to be assigned.

It cannot be conclusively proven that Damophilus of Himera, active in the second half of the 5th century BC and regarded as the master of Zeuxis of Heraclea, is the same individual.

493 BC
Year 493 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Auruncus and Viscellinus (or, less frequently, year 261 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 493 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Muhammad Shahzad (politician)
Haji Muhammad Shahzad is an Indian politician from Uttarakhand and a three term Member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly. Shahzad represented the Bahadarabad Assembly constituency in the 1st Uttarakhand Assembly, 2nd Uttarakhand Assembly and Laksar Assembly constituency in the 5th Uttarakhand legislative Assembly.

Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly
The Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly, also known as the Uttarakhand Vidhan Sabha (formerly the Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly), is a unicameral governing and law making body of Uttarakhand, one of the 28 states of India. It is seated at Dehradun, the winter capital, and Gairsain, the summer capital of Uttarakhand. The total strength of the assembly is 71 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).

As of March 2022, Pushkar Singh Dhami is the current Chief Minister of Uttarakhand and Leader of the House in the 5th Vidhan Sabha. The Speaker of the Assembly is Ritu Khanduri Bhushan. Gurmit Singh is the current Governor of Uttarakhand.
Gum Creek (Osage River tributary)
Gum Creek is a stream in Miller County in central Missouri. It is a tributary of the Osage River.

The stream headwaters are located at 38°15′30″N 92°30′47″W﻿ / ﻿38.25833°N 92.51306°W﻿ / 38.25833; -92.51306 and the confluence with the Osage is at 38°13′05″N 92°28′18″W﻿ / ﻿38.21806°N 92.47167°W﻿ / 38.21806; -92.47167. The source area for the stream lies just south of Missouri Route 52 northwest of Tuscumbia. The stream flows southeast crossing under Missouri Route HH before joining the Osage southwest of Tuscumbia.

Gum Creek was so named on account of gum trees near its course.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Doug Weathers
William Douglas Weathers (born September 22, 1931) is a television journalist in Savannah, Georgia, USA, and the former WTOC-TV news presenter and news director. He presented his last broadcast on May 23, 2001.

Weathers was born in Marianna, Florida.

Marianna, Florida
Marianna is a city in and the county seat of Jackson County, Florida, United States, and it is home to Chipola College, part of the state's public system. The official nickname of Marianna is "The City of Southern Charm". The population was 6,245 at the 2020 census.
Fremont Island
Fremont Island is an island located in Great Salt Lake in northern Utah, United States. The size is about 4.6 square miles, or 2,943.04-acre (11.91 km2) State owned, it is the lake's third largest island after Stansbury Island and Antelope Island. The island has also been known by several other names, including mo'ko-mom-bĭtc (in Gosiute Shoshoni), Castle Island, Coffin Island, Disappointment Island, and Miller Island.

Gosiute dialect
Gosiute (/ˈɡoʊʃuːt/) is a dialect of the endangered Shoshoni language historically spoken by the Goshute people of the American Great Basin in modern Nevada and Utah. Modern Gosiute speaking communities include the Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation and the Skull Valley Band of Goshute Indians.
WLIP
WLIP (1050 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States, serving parts of the Chicago and Milwaukee metropolitan areas along the west shore of Lake Michigan. Owned by Connoisseur Media, WLIP features a talk and full-service format, with studios located in the north end of the Gurnee Mills Mall in Gurnee, Illinois. WLIP's transmitter, on land that formerly contained its studios, is sited off of Green Bay Road (Wisconsin Highway 31) in Pleasant Prairie.

Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin
Pleasant Prairie is a village in Kenosha County, Wisconsin, United States. Located along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Michigan, Pleasant Prairie was home to 21,250 people at the 2020 census. The village is positioned directly south of the city of Kenosha, Wisconsin and directly north of the Illinois border.

Although located just 37 miles (60 km) south of Milwaukee, it is part of the U.S. Census Bureau's Chicago metropolitan area despite being 57 miles (92 km) north of Chicago. Among its notable features are the RecPlex and Chiwaukee Prairie.
Picture (string theory)
In superstring theory, a picture is a choice of Fock space or, equivalently, a choice of ground state that defines a representation of the theory's state space. Each picture is denoted by a number, such as the 0 picture or −1 picture, and picture-changing operators transform from one representation to another. The use of these operators in BRST quantization is credited to Daniel Friedan, Emil Martinec, and Stephen Shenker in the 1980s, though it has a predecessor in the dual models of the early 1970s.

The difference between the ground states is indicated by the action of the superghost oscillators on them, and the number of the picture (plus 1/2) reflects the highest superghost oscillator which does not annihilate the ground state.

Emil Martinec
Emil John Martinec (born 1958) is an American string theorist, a physics professor at the Enrico Fermi Institute at the University of Chicago, and director of the Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics. He was part of a group at Princeton University that developed heterotic string theory in 1985.
Samuel Butcher (classicist)
Samuel Henry Butcher DCL LLD FRSE FBA (/ˈbʊtʃər/; 16 April 1850 – 29 December 1910) was an Anglo-Irish writer and classical scholar. He was best known for his edition of Homer's Odyssey alongside fellow writer Andrew Lang, which they co-authored in 1879. His edition transformed The Odyssey into prose, similar to Samuel Butler's version in 1900. Although Butler's version is more popular today, Butcher and Lang's version was popular in its time. In addition to being a writer, he was a Professor of Greek at the University of Edinburgh and a politician.

Professor of Classics (Edinburgh)
The Professor of Classics at the University of Edinburgh is the established Chair in Classics in the School of History, Classics and Archaeology. Since 2004, the Chair has been held by Douglas Cairns. Greek and Latin were compulsory for all students at Edinburgh until 1892, when Latin alone could be substituted for Greek.

In 1981 the Chair of Greek was left vacant by the retirement of A. J. Beattie, and in 1982 the Chair of Humanity soon followed with the retirement of Ian Campbell. In 1987 the Chairs were reconstituted to form the Professor of Classics.
Broughton Publishing
Broughton Publishing was established in 2001 by the Anglican Church of Australia as its national publishing arm.  It is named after the Right Reverend William Grant Broughton, who was consecrated as the first Bishop of Australia in 1836.

Broughton publishes liturgical materials, such as the Anglican lectionary and prayer book, devotional materials, and other books related to the Anglican Church of Australia.

Lectionary
A lectionary (Latin: lectionarium) is a book or listing that contains a collection of scripture readings appointed for Christian or Jewish worship on a given day or occasion. There are sub-types such as a "gospel lectionary" or evangeliary, and an epistolary with the readings from the Epistles of the New Testament.
JavaBeans
In computing based on the Java Platform, JavaBeans is a technology developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1996, as part of JDK 1.1.

The 'beans' of JavaBeans are classes that encapsulate one or more objects into a single standardized object (the bean). This standardization allows the beans to be handled in a more generic fashion, allowing easier code reuse and introspection. This in turn allows the beans to be treated as software components, and to be manipulated visually by editors and IDEs without needing any initial configuration, or to know any internal implementation details.

As part of the standardization, all beans must be serializable, have a zero-argument constructor, and allow access to properties using getter and setter methods.

Type introspection
In computing, type introspection is the ability of a program to examine the type or properties of an object
at runtime.
Some programming languages possess this capability.

Introspection should not be confused with reflection, which goes a step further and is the ability for a program to manipulate the metadata, properties, and functions of an object at runtime.  Some programming languages also possess that capability  (e.g.,
Java,
Python,
Julia,
and
Go).
Pawłowice, Leszno County
Pawłowice [pavwɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzemieniewo, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

The village is the location of a classicist palace built for Maksymilian Mielżyński in 1779–1783.

Leszno County
Leszno County (Polish: powiat leszczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Leszno, although the city itself is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Leszno County are Rydzyna, which lies 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Leszno, and Osieczna, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Leszno.

The county covers an area of 804.65 square kilometres (310.7 sq mi). As of 2021 its total population is 58,255, out of which the population of Rydzyna is 9,962, that of Osieczna is 9,311, and the rural population is 38,982.
19th Canadian Army Field Regiment RCA
The 19th Canadian Army Field Regiment (Self Propelled) Royal Canadian Artillery (RCA) was a Field Artillery regiment in the Canadian Armed Forces during the Second World War. They would see action in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, before ending the war in Germany. It was commonly referred to as The 19th Field Regiment, The 19th Army Field Regiment, The 19th Field or by the men of the regiment, Hell on Wheels.

Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, Calvados
Saint Aubin-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿obɛ̃ syʁ mɛʁ] ⓘ, literally Saint Aubin on Sea) is a commune in the Calvados department, in northwestern France. Administratively, it is part of the arrondissement of Caen and the canton of Courseulles-sur-Mer. It is 2.1 km east of Bernières-sur-Mer, 4 km north of Douvres-la-Délivrande and 16 km north of Caen.
Evangelii praecones
Evangelii praecones (June 2, 1951) was an encyclical letter of Pope Pius XII  about Catholic missions. In it, he described necessary improvements and changes, and the persecution of the Church in some parts of the world. The encyclical was issued in commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the encyclical Rerum ecclesiae by his predecessor Pope Pius XI.

It is sometimes identified as the first of five papal encyclicals issued between 1919 and 1959 that redefined the Church’s missionary role.

Persecution
Persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group by another individual or group. The most common forms are religious persecution, racism, and political persecution, though there is naturally some overlap between these terms. The inflicting of suffering, harassment, imprisonment, internment, fear or pain are all factors that may establish persecution, but not all suffering will necessarily establish persecution. The threshold of severity has been a topic of much debate.
Vélizy-Villacoublay
Vélizy-Villacoublay (French pronunciation: [velizi vilakublɛ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the south-western suburbs of Paris 13.9 km (8.6 mi) from the center and 3.2 km (2.0 mi) east of Versailles. Its inhabitants are called Véliziens.

Kilometre zero
Kilometre zero (or km 0), also known as zero mile marker or zero milepost, is a particular location (usually in the nation's capital city) from which traveled distances are traditionally measured, as in distance markers. Historically, they were markers where drivers could set their odometers to follow the directions in early roaming guidebooks.

One such marker is the Milliarium Aureum ("Golden Milestone") of the Roman Empire, believed to be the origin for the maxim "All roads lead to Rome".
Brazil 76–0 Timor-Leste
On 13 October 2006, the Brazil national futsal team and Timor-Leste national futsal team faced each other in an international futsal match that was part of the 2006 Lusophony Games, hosted that year by Macau. Brazil defeated Timor-Leste 76–0, setting a world record for largest win in an international futsal match. One of Brazil's players, Valdin, scored 20 goals, which is another record. It was Brazil's biggest margin of victory since they beat Uruguay 38–3 in the 1991 Pan American Games. Timor-Leste was coming off a 56–0 loss to Portugal, which was the previous world record.

1991 Pan American Games
The 1991 Pan American Games, officially known as the XI Pan American Games (Spanish: XI Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Havana 1991 (Spanish: La Habana 1991), were held in Havana, Cuba from 2 to 18 August 1991. There were 4,519 athletes from 39 countries of the PASO community, with events in 33 different sports. The main stadium was the Estadio Panamericano, a multi-use stadium in Havana that holds 50,000 people.