hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hipparion
Hipparion is an extinct genus of three-toed, medium-sized equine belonging to the extinct tribe Hipparionini, which lived about 10-5 million years ago. While the genus formerly included most hipparionines, the genus is now more narrowly defined as hipparionines from Eurasia spanning the Late Miocene. Hipparion was a mixed-feeder who ate mostly grass, and lived in the savannah biome. Hipparion evolved from Cormohipparion, and went extinct due to environmental changes like cooling climates and decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

Cusp (anatomy)
A cusp is a pointed, projecting, or elevated feature. In animals, it is usually used to refer to raised points on the crowns of teeth.
The concept is also used with regard to the leaflets of the four heart valves. The mitral valve, which has two cusps, is also known as the bicuspid valve, and the tricuspid valve has three cusps.
History of agriculture in China
For millennia, agriculture has played and important role in the Chinese economy and society. By the time the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, virtually all arable land was under cultivation; irrigation and drainage systems constructed centuries earlier and intensive farming practices already produced relatively high yields. But little prime virgin land was available to support population growth and economic development. However, after a decline in production as a result of the Great Leap Forward (1958–60), agricultural reforms implemented in the 1980s increased yields and promised even greater future production from existing cultivated land.

Hybrid rice
Hybrid rice is a type of Asian rice that has been crossbred from two very different parent varieties. As with other types of hybrids, hybrid rice typically displays heterosis or "hybrid vigor", so when grown under the same conditions as comparable purebred rice varieties, it can produce up to 30% more yield. To produce hybrid seeds in large quantity, a purebred sterile rice variety is fertilized with fertile pollen from a different variety.  High-yield crops, including hybrid rice, are one of the most important tools for combatting worldwide food crises.
Marcin Kaczmarek (swimmer)
Marcin Kaczmarek (born 25 June 1977 in Pisz, Warmińsko-Mazurskie) is a retired butterfly swimmer from Poland, who competed for his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.

A member of AZS-AWF Gdańsk he is best known for winning the bronze medal at the 1997 European Swimming Championships in the men's 4×100 m medley relay, alongside Mariusz Siembida, Marek Krawczyk and Bartosz Kizierowski.

Butterfly stroke
Butterfly (shortened to fly) is a swimming stroke swum on the front, with both arms moving symmetrically, accompanied by the butterfly kick (also known as the "dolphin kick") along with the movement of the hips and chest.

It is the newest swimming style swum in competition, first swum in the early 1950s and originating from breaststroke.

For most competitive swimmers, butterfly is the second fastest stroke, only slower than front crawl.
Arne B. Mollén
Arne B. Mollén (2 May 1913 – 4 July 2000) was a Norwegian sports official.

Representing the club IF Vestheim, he was the president of the Norwegian Athletics Association from 1953 to 1955, vice chairman of the Norwegian Olympic Committee from 1965 to 1969 and chairman from 1969 to 1985. The Olympic Order was bestowed upon him in 1989.

Norwegian Athletics Association
The Norwegian Athletics Association (Norwegian: Norges Friidrettsforbund, NFIF) is the national governing body for the sport of athletics in Norway, including track and field, road running, cross country running and racewalking. The association is a member of the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, and a member of the International Association of Athletics Federations and European Athletics.

The association was founded on 1 May 1896 as Norsk Idrætsforbund. Until the formation of Norges Orienteringsforbund in 1945, NFIF also organized orienteering.
Bregare
Bregare (Bulgarian: Брегаре [brɛˈɡarɛ], lit. 'riverside people') is a village in central northern Bulgaria, part of Dolna Mitropoliya municipality, Pleven Province. Bregare lies on the left bank of the Iskar River, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from its mouth in the Danube, at an elevation of around 40 metres (130 ft).

Pleven Province
43°25′N 24°40′E﻿ / ﻿43.417°N 24.667°E﻿ / 43.417; 24.667

Pleven Province (Bulgarian: Област Плевен or Плевенска Област) is a province located in central northern Bulgaria, bordering the Danube river, Romania and the Bulgarian provinces of Vratsa, Veliko Tarnovo and Lovech. It is divided into 11 subdivisions, called municipalities, that embrace a territory of 4,653.32 km2 (1,796.66 sq mi) with a population, as of February 2011, of 269 752 inhabitants. The province's capital is the city of Pleven.
Yakuo-ji (Minami, Tokushima)
Yakuo-ji or Yakuō-ji (Yakuo Temple) (Japanese: 薬王寺) is a Koyasan Shingon temple in Minami, Kaifu District, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is temple #23 on the Shikoku 88 temple pilgrimage. The main image is of Yakushi Nyorai (Bhaiṣajyaguru: "King of Medicine Master and Lapis Lazuli Light").

Kaifu District, Tokushima
Kaifu (海部郡, Kaifu-gun) is a district located in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan.

As of June 1, 2019, the district has an estimated population of 18,863 and a population density of 35.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (93/sq mi). The total area is 525.07 km2 (202.73 sq mi).
HMS Caesar
Four ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Caesar (or HMS Cæsar), after the Roman general and dictator Julius Caesar.

Caesar was ordered as a 74-gun third rate from Plymouth Dockyard in 1777, but construction was cancelled in 1783.

HMS Caesar (1793) was an 80-gun third rate launched in 1793, used as an army depot after 1814, and broken up 1821.

HMS Caesar (1853) was a 90-gun screw-propelled second rate launched in 1853 and sold in 1870.

HMS Caesar (1896) was a Majestic-class battleship launched in 1896 and sold 1921.

HMS Caesar (R07) was a C-class destroyer launched in 1944 and broken up in 1967.

HMS Caesar (R07)
HMS Caesar was one of thirty-two C-class destroyers built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War, a member of the eight-ship Ca sub-class. Commissioned in 1944, she was built as a flotilla leader with additional accommodation for staff officers. The ship was assigned to Home Fleet during 1944–1945 and escorted one Arctic convoy as well as the capital ships of the fleet.
Jacob Staub
Jacob J. Staub is a rabbi, author and poet. In 1977 he was ordained as a rabbi at the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College. He was Academic Dean of the College from 1989 to 2004, and the editor of the Reconstructionist magazine from 1983 to 1989. In 2009 he was Professor of Jewish Philosophy and Spirituality and Chair of the Department of Medieval Jewish Civilization at the Reconstructionist Rabbinic College. He founded at RRC the first program in Jewish Spiritual Direction at a rabbinical seminary. He has written two books on Gersonides' philosophy of creation and Reconstructionist Judaism. He has written essays on Reconstructionist founder Mordecai Kaplan's thought.

Reconstructionist Rabbinical College
The Reconstructionist Rabbinical College (RRC) is a Jewish seminary in Wyncote, Pennsylvania. It is the only seminary affiliated with Reconstructionist Judaism.  It is accredited by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.  RRC has an enrollment of approximately 80 students in rabbinic and other graduate programs.

A 2012 restructuring of the Reconstructionist movement's institutions left RRC as the primary organization of the movement, headed by Rabbi Deborah Waxman. This central organization changed its name to "Reconstructing Judaism" in January 2018. — the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College remains part of this organization.
Ernestine Panckoucke
Ernestine Panckoucke, née Désormeaux, aka Anne-Ernestine Panckoucke (1784-1860), was a French botanical illustrator and flower painter.

She described herself as a 'translator of Goethe's poems, pupil of Redouté and designer of Chaumeton's "Flore Médicale"', published by her husband Charles Louis Fleury Panckoucke (1780-1844). She illustrated this work with Pierre Jean François Turpin (1775-1840). She is thought to have met Redouté at either the Château de Malmaison whilst a student under Prud'hon, or at Jean-Baptiste Isabey's studio while sitting for a portrait. Afterwards she regularly attended Redoute's classes at the Jardin des Plantes. Redouté had been commissioned by Empress Joséphine to depict the roses and lilies at Malmaison.

One of her works was sold at the Duc de Berry's 1834 sale.

François-Pierre Chaumeton
François-Pierre Chaumeton (20 September 1775 in Chouzé-sur-Loire – 10 August 1819 in Paris) was a French botanist and physician.

He studied medicine, humanities and languages (particularly Greek) in Paris, afterwards serving as a surgeon in military hospitals. Finding military surgery distasteful, he opted for work as a pharmacist at Val-de-Grâce. Severely depressed by the untimely death of his wife, his friends convinced him to leave Paris and travel as a remedy for his melancholic state. After obtaining his doctorate in medicine at Strasbourg in 1805 (graduate thesis Essai d'entomologie médicale), he relocated to Holland, where he remained for several years. Later on, he followed armies to Prussia, Poland, Austria and the Illyrian Provinces, and in the meantime, learned the languages of the countries he visited, while also conducting extensive research in their libraries. In retirement, he settled in Paris, spending the latter years of his life suffering from phthisis.
Southampton BASIC System
Southampton BASIC System (SOBS) was a dialect of the BASIC programming language developed for and used on ICT 1900 series computers in the late 1960s and early 1970s; it was implemented as an incremental BASIC interpreter under the MINIMOP operating system at the University of Southampton and also ran under MAXIMOP.

It was operated from a Teletype terminal, though CRT terminals could also be used.

Matrix addition
In mathematics, matrix addition is the operation of adding two matrices by adding the corresponding entries together.

For a vector, , adding two matrices would have the geometric effect of applying each matrix transformation separately onto , then adding the transformed vectors.
Philonix
Philonix is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. Species in this genus are only known from Canada, the United States, and Mexico. The larvae of Philonix wasps induce galls on white oaks that are typically spherical, soft and fleshy. Galls are usually formed on the underside of leaves. Adult wasps are similar in appearance to species in the genus Acraspis. Many gall wasps have alternate sexual and asexual generations, but this has not been documented in Philonix.

The genus was first named and described by Asa Fitch in 1859.

The following species are recognised in the genus Philonix:

P. fulvicollis Fitch, 1859

P. gigas Weld, 1922

P. insulensis (Kinsey, 1936)

P. lanaeglobuli (Ashmead, 1887)

P. latigenae (Kinsey, 1936)

Alfred Kinsey
Alfred Charles Kinsey (/ˈkɪnzi/; June 23, 1894 – August 25, 1956) was an American sexologist, biologist, and professor of entomology and zoology who, in 1947, founded the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University, now known as the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction. He is best known for writing Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953), also known as the Kinsey Reports, as well as for the Kinsey scale. Kinsey's research on human sexuality, foundational to the field of sexology, provoked controversy in the 1940s and 1950s, and has continued to provoke controversy decades after his death. His work has influenced social and cultural values in the United States and United Kingdom as well as internationally.
Walter Menchola
Walter Ricardo Menchola Vásquez (born 17 April 1954) is a Peruvian medic and politician and a former Congressman, elected in the 2006 elections, representing Lima for the 2006–2011 term. Menchola was elected to Congress under the National Unity list. Menchola belongs to the National Solidarity party. He failed to attain re-election in the 2011 elections when he ran for re-election, under the National Solidarity Alliance, but he was not re-elected. In 1997, he along with Luis Castañeda Lossio at the foundation of the National Solidarity Party.

2011 Peruvian general election
General elections were held in Peru on 10 April 2011 to elect the president, the vice presidents, 130 members of Congress and five members of the Andean Parliament. As no presidential candidate received a majority in the first round, a second round was held on 5 June to determine the successor of outgoing president Alan García. Former army officer Ollanta Humala narrowly defeated Keiko Fujimori, daughter of imprisoned former President Alberto Fujimori. Humala was sworn in as the 94th President of Peru on 28 July.
Mavrovo (region)
Mavrovo (Macedonian: Маврово, pronounced [ˈmavrɔvɔ] ⓘ; or Mavrovo Valley, Macedonian: Мавровска Котлина, romanized: Mavrovska Kotlina), near Gostivar is a valley region in the northwest of North Macedonia. It is home to Mavrovo National Park and a winter sports center. Some of the villages and smaller hamlets include: Mavrovo, Nikiforovo, Leunovo, and Mavrovi Anovi. This micro region is named Mavrovo after the most populated settlement in the region, the village of Mavrovo.

The region's location at Bistra mountain and Mavrovo Lake have helped it grow into a year-round tourist center. Mavrovo is the most popular ski center in North Macedonia, Ski center „Mavrovo“.

The Mavrovo Lake lies at an altitude of 1220 m. It is 12 km long, 3 km wide and covers an area of 13.3 square kilometers. The coast is 24 km long. The deepest measured spot of the lake is 48 m deep.

Romanization of Macedonian
The romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in Macedonian from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by North Macedonia's authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice.

Although used for transliteration, Macedonian Latin script is neither widespread nor used in any formal or semi-formal communication in Macedonia. The language law of Macedonia emphasizes Cyrillic as the only alphabet of Macedonian language.
Gil Parris
Gil Parris is an American Grammy-nominated rock, blues, jazz and pop guitarist.  He graduated from Ardsley High School in 1986.  After briefly attending the Berklee School of Music, Parris left to tour Europe as part of a musical troupe performing Jesus Christ Superstar before becoming a recording artist. Parris has released six solo albums and played collaboratively with over 20 other groups/artists. Parris is known for his blending of blues, jazz, rock and smooth jazz in his work. He has recorded and toured both as a solo artist and as a sideman with major artists including Dr. John, Blood, Sweat & Tears, Diane Schuur, David Mann, and Bobby Caldwell.

Jesus Christ Superstar
Jesus Christ Superstar is a sung-through rock opera with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. Loosely based on the Gospel accounts of the Passion, the work interprets the psychology of Jesus and other characters, with much of the plot centred on Judas, who is dissatisfied with how Jesus steers his disciples. Contemporary attitudes, sensibilities, and slang pervade the rock opera's lyrics, and ironic allusions to modern life are scattered throughout the depiction of political events; stage and film productions accordingly contain many intentional anachronisms.

Initially unable to get backing for a stage production, the composers released the score as a 1970 concept album, an immediate success which led to its Broadway stage debut in 1971. By 1980, the musical had grossed more than $237 million worldwide. Running over eight years in London between 1972 and 1980, the show held the record for longest-running West End musical until 1989 (overtaken by Cats).
Chiara Carbognin
Chiara Carbognin (born 1 December 1996) is an Italian female canoeist who won a gold medal in C1 sprint at individual senior level at the Wildwater Canoeing World Championships in 2014 at 18 years old.

Wildwater Canoeing World Championships
The Wildwater Canoeing World Championships are an international event in canoeing organized by the International Canoe Federation. The World Championships have taken place every two years from 1959 to 1995 and then from 1996 to 2001, from 2011 the event is annual.
Methanopyrus
Methanopyrus is a genus of methanogen, with a single described species, Methanopyrus kandleri. It is a rod-shaped hyperthermophile, discovered on the wall of a black smoker from the Gulf of California at a depth of 2,000 m, at temperatures of 84–110 °C. Strain 116 was discovered in black smoker fluid of the Kairei hydrothermal field; it can survive and reproduce at 122 °C. M. kandleri also requires a high ionic concentration (>1 M) in order for growth and cellular activity. Due to the species' high resilience and extreme environment, M. kandleri is also classified as an extremophile. It lives in a hydrogen–carbon dioxide rich environment, and like other methanogens reduces the latter to methane. It is placed among the Euryarchaeota, in its own class.

Molar concentration
Molar concentration (also called amount-of-substance concentration or molarity) is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Specifically, it is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit for molarity is the number of moles per liter, having the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 (1000 mol/m3) in SI units. Molar concentration is often depicted with square brackets around the substance of interest; for example, the molarity of the hydronium ion is denoted as [H3O+].
Kaori Kawanaka
Kaori Kawanaka (川中 香緒里, Kawanaka Kaori; born August 3, 1991) is a Japanese archer who competed at the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games.

Kawanaka won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the women's team event with teammates Ren Hayakawa and Miki Kanie. Their success, which came after a narrow victory over Russia in the third-place match, marked the first Olympic medal for Japan in team archery. Kawanaka was less successful in the women's individual event, losing in the opening elimination round.

Kawanaka has contested the Asian Games twice. She was the flagbearer for the Japanese team at the opening ceremony of the 2014 Asian Games, and later won bronze in the women's team recurve competition with Hayakawa and Yuki Hayashi.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she again competed in the individual and team events, reaching the second round in the individual event, and the quarterfinal in the women's team event.

Archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's team
The women's team archery competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held from 27 to 29 July at Lord's Cricket Ground. The women's team event was one of four events which comprised the 2012 Olympic archery programme.

The gold medal was won by South Korea. This was the third consecutive Olympics that China lost to South Korea in the final. Japan won the bronze medal over Russia.
Tokyo Decadence
Tokyo Decadence (トパーズ, Topāzu) is a 1992 Japanese pink film. This erotic film was directed by Ryū Murakami (村上 龍) with music by Ryuichi Sakamoto (坂本 龍一 ). The film was shot and completed during 1991 and released in the start of 1992. It stars Miho Nikaido (二階堂 美穂) and is also referred to as Topaz, that title being both the translation of the original Japanese title and that of the Murakami story it is an adaptation of. Because of the cruel and graphic nature of this film, it has been banned in several countries such as Australia and South Korea. Shimada Masahiko (島田 雅彦) also makes an appearance in this film. The story follows Ai (愛; lit. "love"), the submissive and lovesick prostitute who goes about her trade with misery and is being abused by hedonists and criminals while trying to find some sort of appeasement away from the fact that her lover is currently married.

Masahiko Shimada
Masahiko Shimada (島田 雅彦, Shimada Masahiko; born 1961) is a Japanese writer. He has won the Noma Literary New Face Prize, the Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature, the Itō Sei Literature Prize, and the Mainichi Publishing Culture Award. His work has been translated into English.
Emma Steghagen
Emma Steghagen (March 5, 1856 – October 31, 1948) was an American labor organizer and suffragist, based in Chicago. She was secretary and treasurer of the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) of Chicago,  organized the Wage Earners Suffrage League in Chicago, and served on the American Committee on Conditions in Ireland.

Wage Earner's Suffrage League
The Wage Earner’s Suffrage League was a suffrage organization founded in New York City in 1911 that sought to bridge politics and labor towards the end goal of achieving women’s suffrage and ultimately disbanded in 1912.  The Wage Earner’s League is an example of a predominately female led effort to bring working women into the suffrage movement to gain political momentum and influence.
Spacecraft attitude determination and control
Spacecraft attitude control is the process of controlling the orientation of a spacecraft (vehicle or satellite) with respect to an inertial frame of reference or another entity such as the celestial sphere, certain fields, and nearby objects, etc.

Controlling vehicle attitude requires actuators to apply the torques needed to orient the vehicle to a desired attitude, and algorithms to command the actuators based on the current attitude and specification of a desired attitude.

Before and during attitude control can be performed, spacecraft attitude determination must be performed, which requires sensors for absolute or relative measurement.

The broader integrated field that studies the combination of sensors, actuators and algorithms is called guidance, navigation and control, which also involves non-attitude concepts, such as position determination and navigation.

Geopositioning
Geopositioning is the process of determining or estimating the geographic position of an object or a person.
Geopositioning yields a set of geographic coordinates (such as latitude and longitude) in a given map datum. Geographic positions may also be expressed indirectly, as a distance in linear referencing or as a bearing and range from a known landmark.
The resulting geoposition is sometimes referred to as geolocation, and the process of geopositioning may also be described as geo-localization.
In turn, positions can be used to determine a more easily understandable location, such as a street address (see reverse geocoding).

Specific instances include:

animal geotracking, the process of inferring the location of animals over time;

positioning system, the mechanisms for the determination of geographic positions in general;

internet geolocation, geolocating a device connected to the internet;

and mobile phone tracking.