hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Languages in Contrast
Languages in Contrast is a peer-reviewed academic journal of contrastive linguistics established in 1998 and published biannually by John Benjamins Publishing Company. Focusing on comparative studies of two or multiple languages, it covers all subfields of both theoretical and applied linguistics, such as morphology, phonology, discourse analysis, language education, etc.

The current editors-in-chief are Signe Oksefjell Ebeling and Hilde Hasselgård (University of Oslo).

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Visentin
Visentin is an Italian surname from Veneto, derived from Venetian vixentin ('from Vicenza'). Notable people with the surname include:

Carlos Visentín (1918–2017), Argentine water polo player

David Visentin (born 1963), Canadian television host

John Visentin (1962–2022), American business executive

Louis Visentin, Canadian scientist

Marcelo Visentín (1914–1998), Argentine water polo player

Mark Visentin (born 1992), Canadian ice hockey player

Michele Visentin (born 1991), Italian rugby union player

Noemi Visentin (born 2000), Italian football player

Roberto Visentin (born 1953), Italian politician

Santiago Visentin (born 1999), Argentine football player

Umberto Visentin (1909–1994), Italian football player and manager

Michele Visentin
Michele Visentin (born 13 December 1991) is an Italian rugby union player. His usual position is as a winger, and he currently plays for Zebre.

In January 2015, Visentin was named in the Italian squad for the 2015 Six Nations Championship.
Nicke Lignell
Niclas Christoffer “Nicke” Lignell (born 24 June 1966 in Bromarv, Southern Finland) is a Finnish actor, who has appeared in many TV shows and movies. In addition to his acting career, he writes a regular column for the Finnish newspaper Iltalehti and does voiceovers. His wife, the violinist Raakel Lignell, is also a celebrity in her own right. Together they have 5 children.

On 30 December 2006, the car Lignell and his mother were travelling in was hit in Ekenäs by a drunk driver who blew 0.241% on a breathalyzer test. After being cut out of the car he was driving, Lignell was whisked away to Töölö Hospital in Helsinki for surgery along with the drunk driver. Lignell was then put in the ICU to recover from a skull fracture and cerebral hemorrhage.

Lignell hosted "Fiksumpi kuin koululainen" (Smarter than a school kid), the Finnish version of Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? quiz show.

Drunk driving
Drunk driving (or drink-driving in British English) is the act of driving under the influence of alcohol. A small increase in the blood alcohol content increases the relative risk of a motor vehicle crash.

In the United States, alcohol is involved in 32% of all traffic fatalities.
Trials HD
Trials HD is an Xbox Live Arcade game developed by RedLynx and published by Microsoft Game Studios. It was released on August 12, 2009 as part of the second annual Xbox Live Summer of Arcade and was later re-released in a retail pack alongside Limbo and 'Splosion Man in April 2011. It is a 2.5D puzzle/racing game. The player must guide a trial motorcycle with exaggerated physics through various obstacles to reach each stage's finish line. On September 6, 2012, it was announced that a Microsoft Windows version of Trials HD would be bundled inside a special version of Trials Evolution, dubbed Trials Evolution: Gold Edition—although this version changes the physics of the game. It is the third game in the series. On February 11, 2016, Microsoft added Trials HD as part of its backwards compatibility program for Xbox One.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Kadamjay District
Kadamjay District (Kyrgyz: Кадамжай району; Russian: Кадамжайский район) is a district in Batken Region, in south-western Kyrgyzstan.
The administrative seat lies at Kadamjay. The district area is 6,146 square kilometres (2,373 sq mi), and its resident population was 201,457 in 2021. The largest town of the district, Kadamjay, is located between the cities of Aydarken (Khaidarkan) and Kyzyl-Kyya.

The district is thought to have the second largest mercury-antimony deposit in the world.
Kadamjay Antimony Factory is one of the biggest factories in Kyrgyzstan. Khaidarkan Mercury Plant, built in 1942, was reported, as of 2005, to produce 300 to 600 metric tons of mercury per year.

The river Shohimardonsoy (Kyrgyz: Шаймерден, romanized: Shaymerden) passes through the town Kadamjay. Other rivers in the district are the Isfayramsay and the Sokh.

Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from Latin  stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it occurs in nature mainly in the form of the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.

China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.

The most common applications for metallic antimony are in alloys with lead and tin, which have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in lead–acid batteries. Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flame retardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices.
Spanglish
Spanglish (a blend of the words "Spanish" and "English") is any language variety (such as a contact dialect, hybrid language, pidgin, or creole language) that results from conversationally combining Spanish and English. The term is mostly used in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It refers to a blend of the words and grammar of Spanish and English. More narrowly, Spanglish can specifically mean a variety of Spanish with heavy use of English loanwords.

Since Spanglish may arise independently in different regions with varying degrees of bilingualism, it reflects the locally spoken varieties of English and Spanish. Different forms of Spanglish are not necessarily mutually intelligible.

The term Spanglish was first recorded in 1933. It corresponds to the Spanish terms Espanglish (from Español + English, introduced by the Puerto Rican poet Salvador Tió in the late 1940s), Ingléspañol (from Inglés + Español), and Inglañol (Inglés + Español).

Lexical item
In lexicography, a lexical item is a single word, a part of a word,  or a chain of words (catena) that forms the basic elements of a language's lexicon (≈ vocabulary). Examples are cat, traffic light, take care of, by the way, and it's raining cats and dogs. Lexical items can be generally understood to convey a single meaning, much as a lexeme, but are not limited to single words. Lexical items are like semes in that they are "natural units" translating between languages, or in learning a new language. In this last sense, it is sometimes said that language consists of grammaticalized lexis, and not lexicalized grammar. The entire store of lexical items in a language is called its lexis.

Lexical items composed of more than one word are also sometimes called  lexical chunks, gambits, lexical phrases, lexicalized stems, or speech formulae. The term polyword listemes is also sometimes used.
1977 Lincolnshire County Council election
Lincolnshire County Council is a non-metropolitan county in the East Midlands of England. It was formed when the Local Government Act 1972 merged the counties of Holland, Kesteven and Lindsey, and held its first election on 12 April 1973.

Lincolnshire County Council
Lincolnshire County Council is the county council that governs the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire in England. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county; the latter additionally includes North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire which are both unitary authorities and therefore independent from the county council.
Shell Creek
Shell Creek is a tributary of the Bighorn River, approximately 50 mi (80 km) long, in Wyoming in the United States.  Lying entirely within Big Horn County, Shell Creek begins above the Shell Lakes in the Bighorn Mountains. Starting at an elevation of over 11,000 ft (3,400 m), it drops to below 3,800 ft (1,200 m) as it descends the western side of the Bighorn Mountains through Shell Canyon and enters the Big Horn Basin near Shell, Wyoming.  It flows into the Bighorn River, a tributary of the Yellowstone River, just north of Greybull.

Bighorn Basin
The Bighorn Basin is a plateau region and intermontane basin, approximately 100 miles (160 km) wide, in north-central Wyoming in the United States. It is bounded by the Absaroka Range on the west, the Pryor Mountains on the north, the Bighorn Mountains on the east, and the Owl Creek Mountains and Bridger Mountains on the south. It is drained to the north by tributaries of the Bighorn River, which enters the basin from the south, through a gap between the Owl Creek and Bridger Mountains, as the Wind River, and becomes the Bighorn as it enters the basin. The region is semi-arid, receiving only 6–10 in (15–25 cm) of rain annually.

The largest cities in the basin include the Wyoming towns of Cody,  Thermopolis, Worland, and Powell. Sugar beets, pinto beans, sunflowers, barley, oats, corn and alfalfa hay are grown on irrigated farms in the region. It is also used by elk, pronghorn and mule deer as a migration corridor.
Catharine McClellan
Catharine "Kitty" McClellan (March 1, 1921 – March 3, 2009) was an American cultural anthropologist who is known for her documentation of the oral history and storytelling typical of Athabascan speaking, Tlingit and Tagish peoples of the Yukon Territory. Catharine's work extended past her academic research, as she also became an advocate for their rights on issues such as the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline debate in 1976. Her husband was fellow anthropologist John Hitchcock whom she married in 1974; he died in 2001 from natural health complications.

Tlingit
The Tlingit or Lingít (/ˈtlɪŋkɪt, ˈklɪŋkɪt/ ⓘ TLING-kit, KLING-kit) are an Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. Tlingit people are Alaska Natives and First Nations in Canada. Their mother tongue is the Tlingit language, a Na-Dene language.

The Tlingit have a matrilineal kinship system, with children born into the mother's clan, and property and hereditary roles passing through the mother's line. Their culture and society developed in the temperate rainforest of the southeast Alaskan coast and the Alexander Archipelago. The Tlingit have maintained a complex hunter-gatherer culture based on semi-sedentary management of fisheries. Hereditary slavery was practiced extensively until it was outlawed by the United States Government. The Inland Tlingit live in the far northwestern part of the province of British Columbia and the southern Yukon in Canada. Taku Tlingit live in British Columbia and Alaska.
Poa secunda
Poa secunda (variously known by the common names of Sandberg bluegrass, alkali bluegrass, big bluegrass, Canby's bluegrass, Nevada bluegrass, one-sided bluegrass, Pacific bluegrass, pine bluegrass, slender bluegrass, wild bluegrass, and curly bluegrass) is a widespread species of perennial bunchgrass native to North and South America. It is highly resistant to drought conditions, and provides excellent fodder; and has also been used in controlling soil erosion, and as revegetator, often after forest fires. Cultivars include 'Canbar', 'Service', 'Sherman', and 'Supernova'. Historically,  indigenous Americans, such as the Gosiute of Utah, have used P. secunda for food. It was originally described botanically in 1830 by Jan Svatopluk Presl, from a holotype collected from Chile by Thaddäus Haenke in 1790.

Goshute
The Goshutes are a tribe of Western Shoshone Native Americans. There are two federally recognized Goshute tribes today:

Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation, located in Nevada and Utah

Skull Valley Band of Goshute Indians of Utah of the Skull Valley Indian Reservation, located in Utah
Buralkynyn Tuzy
Buralkynyn Tuzy (Kazakh: Бұралқының тұзы; Russian: Буралкынынтузы) is a salt lake in Sarysu District, Zhambyl Region, Kazakhstan.

Zhailaukol village is located 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) to the south of the southern shore.

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
Letov ST-4 Aztek
The Letov ST-4 Aztek (English: Aztec) is a Czech microlight aircraft that was designed and produced by Letov Kbely of Prague - Letňany, in the 1990s. When it was available, the aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly aircraft, or as a kit for amateur construction.

In January 2014, the ST-4 was no longer listed as a product of the company.

Letov Kbely
50°7′58.94″N 14°31′13.67″E﻿ / ﻿50.1330389°N 14.5204639°E﻿ / 50.1330389; 14.5204639

Letov is an aircraft company located in Letňany district of Prague, Czech Republic. It is the oldest aircraft company in the region.
Aline Bonami
Aline Bonami (née Nivat) is a French mathematician known for her expertise in mathematical analysis. She is a professor emeritus at the University of Orléans, and was president of the Société mathématique de France for 2012–2013.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Pair programming
Pair programming is a software development technique in which two programmers work together at one workstation. One, the driver, writes code while the other, the observer or navigator, reviews each line of code as it is typed in. The two programmers switch roles frequently.

While reviewing, the observer also considers the "strategic" direction of the work, coming up with ideas for improvements and likely future problems to address. This is intended to free the driver to focus all of their attention on the "tactical" aspects of completing the current task, using the observer as a safety net and guide.

Programmer
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.
The professional titles software developer and software engineer may be used for jobs that require a programmer.
Forsyth Fire
The Forsyth Fire is a wildfire burning 30 miles (48 km) north of St. George, Utah. The fire was ignited on June 9, 2025 from a lightning strike starting a fire inside a tree trunk. Strong winds on June 19 resulted in the fire to rapidly spread towards Pine Valley. The fire has destroyed 14 residential structures and four outbuildings. As of July 21, 2025, the Forsyth Fire has burned 15,662 acres (6,338 ha; 63.38 km2) and is 99% contained.

Pinto, Utah
Pinto is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Utah, United States.  It was established in 1856 by Rufus C. Allen and other leaders of the LDS Southern Indian Mission so they could move away from Fort Harmony, Utah and John D. Lee's attempts to usurp their authority.
Dynamin
Dynamin is a GTPase protein responsible for endocytosis in the eukaryotic cell. Dynamin is part of the "dynamin superfamily", which includes classical dynamins, dynamin-like proteins, Mx proteins, OPA1, mitofusins, and GBPs. Members of the dynamin family are principally involved in the scission of newly formed vesicles from the membrane of one cellular compartment and their targeting to, and fusion with, another compartment, both at the cell surface (particularly caveolae internalization) as well as at the Golgi apparatus. Dynamin family members also play a role in many processes including division of organelles, cytokinesis and microbial pathogen resistance.

Guanylate-binding protein
In molecular biology, the guanylate-binding proteins family is a family of GTPases that is induced by interferon (IFN)-gamma. GTPases induced by IFN-gamma (Interferon-inducible GTPase) are key to the protective immunity against microbial and viral pathogens. These GTPases are classified into three groups: the small 47-KD immunity-related GTPases (IRGs), the Mx proteins (MX1, MX2), and the large 65- to 67-kd GTPases. Guanylate-binding proteins (GBP) fall into the last class.
Greg Lambert (cricketer)
Greg Andrew Lambert (born 4 January 1980, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England) is an English first-class cricketer.  Lambert is a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.

Lambert represented the Yorkshire Cricket Board in a single List A match against Buckinghamshire in the 1999 NatWest Trophy. In his only List A match, he took 2 wickets at a bowling average of 11.00, with figures of 2/22.

In 2000, played two first-class matches for Yorkshire against Surrey and Kent in the County Championship.  In those matches, he scored six runs at a batting average of 6.00, with a high score of 3*. In the field he took a single catch. With the ball he took four wickets at a bowling average of 33.25, with best figures of 2 for 62.

1999 NatWest Trophy
The 1999 NatWest Trophy was the 19th NatWest Trophy.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 4 May and 29 August 1999. The tournament was won by Gloucestershire who defeated Somerset by 50 runs in the final at Lord's.
Cederholm
Cederholm is a Swedish surname. People with this surname include:

Andreas Cederholm (born 1990), Swedish handballer

Anton Cederholm (born 1995), Swedish ice hockey defenceman

Ivar Cederholm (1902–1982), Norwegian tenor

Jacob Cederholm (born 1998), Swedish ice hockey defenceman

Nikolaj Cederholm (born 1963), Danish actor, theatre director, and playwright

Anton Cederholm
Anton Cederholm (born February 21, 1995) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey defenceman. He last played with the Utica Comets of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract as a prospect to  the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). Cederholm was selected by the Canucks in the 5th round (145th overall) of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.
Joe Shipley
Joseph Clark Shipley (May 9, 1935 – May 1, 2024) was an American professional baseball player. The right-handed pitcher appeared in 29 games over four seasons in Major League Baseball for the San Francisco Giants (1958–60) and Chicago White Sox (1963). He was born in Morristown, Tennessee, and was listed as 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) tall and 210 pounds (95 kg). Shipley died in St. Charles, Missouri, on May 1, 2024, at the age of 88.

Games pitched
In baseball statistics, games pitched (denoted by Games G in tables of only pitching statistics) is the number of games in which a player appears as a pitcher. The statistic is also referred to as appearances, especially to refer to the number of games a relief pitcher has pitched in.

Normally, a pitcher must face at least one batter (or three batters in some relief situations), but exceptions are made in the case of injury. A notable example was Larry Yount, who suffered an injury while throwing warmup pitches after being summoned as a reliever in a Major League Baseball (MLB) game on September 15, 1971. He did not face a batter, but was credited with an appearance because he had been announced as a substitute. Yount never appeared in (or actually played in) any other MLB game.
FoxBlade
FoxBlade is a trojan horse wiper malware identified on 23 February 2022 by Microsoft's Threat Assessment Center that appeared to be aimed at targets in Ukraine's government.  FoxBlade was discovered in Ukrainian networks on the day of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and it is suspected it is part of the cyberattacks on Ukraine connected with that invasion.  Coordination between the United States and Microsoft was reported as unusually productive, as executives were given security clearances to join calls with intelligence officials. Microsoft coordinated with the European Union to prevent FoxBlade from being used against other countries in Europe.

Trojan horse (computing)
In computing, a trojan horse (or simply trojan; often capitalized, but see below) is a kind of malware that misleads users as to its true intent by disguising itself as a normal program.

Trojans are generally spread by some form of social engineering. For example, a user may be duped into executing an email attachment disguised to appear innocuous (e.g., a routine form to be filled in), or into clicking on a fake advertisement on the Internet. Although their payload can be anything, many modern forms act as a backdoor, contacting a controller who can then have unauthorized access to the affected device. Ransomware attacks are often carried out using a trojan.

Unlike computer viruses and worms, trojans generally do not attempt to inject themselves into other files or otherwise propagate themselves.
Prague Chamber Choir
The Prague Chamber Choir (Pražský komorní sbor) is a Czech choir founded in Prague in 1990 by singers of the Prague Philharmonic Choir. It has performed concerts in Australia, Brazil, Israel, Japan, Lebanon and many European countries (e.g. Wexford Festival Opera, Rossini Opera Festival).

Wexford Festival Opera
Wexford Festival Opera (Irish: Féile Ceoldráma Loch Garman) is Ireland’s internationally renowned Opera Festival, celebrating 75 years of rare and remarkable operas. It takes place in the town of Wexford in south-eastern Ireland during the months of October and November.