hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bohemian Club (Chicago)
The Bohemian Club (Czech: Česká beseda) is a club founded in 1899 that was frequented by Chicago's Czech elite, as well as the visiting elite from Czechoslovakia.  The club was used as a place to share Czech culture, drama, music and literature.

It was visited by numerous well-known people of Bohemian descent, such as Anton Cermak, Rudolf Friml, George Halas and Otto Kerner Jr.  It also served as host to Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the founder and first President of Czechoslovakia. It is active in the west suburbs of Chicago to this day.

Culture of the Czech Republic
Czech culture has been shaped by the nation's geographical position in the middle of Europe, the Slavic ethnicity of Czechs, influences from its neighbors, political and social changes, wars and times of peace.

There are 16 Czech locations listed among the World Heritage Sites by UNESCO, six Czechs have been awarded a Nobel Prize and 173 have been nominated.
Jill Reeve
Jill Reeve (born November 1, 1969, in Hoosick Falls, New York) is a former field hockey defender from the United States, who earned a total number of 134 caps for the Women's National Team, in which she scored eight goals.

United States women's national field hockey team
The United States women's national field hockey team represents the United States in international field hockey. The team is currently coached by David Passmore. It made its first international appearance in 1920 when a touring team visited England, coached by Constance M.K. Applebee. The team made several international appearances in the early 20th century, leading to the United States hosting the 8th International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations Tournament in 1963. Once the IFWHA merged with its counterpart on the men's side, the United States' first appearance at an FIH-sanctioned tournament was the 1983 Women's Hockey World Cup in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where the Americans ended up in sixth place. They have won bronze at the Los Angeles 1984 Summer Olympics and bronze at the 1994 World Cup.
Boone's Cave Park
Boone's Cave Park is a 110-acre county park located near Lexington, North Carolina  It was established in 1909 by the Daniel Boone Memorial Association.  It is named after American pioneer Daniel Boone.

American pioneer
American pioneers were predominantly European American settlers who had marched on westward from the British Thirteen Colonies and later the United States of America, to settle and develop areas of the nation within the continent of North America.

The pioneer concept and ethos greatly predate the settlement of the Western United States, with which they are commonly associated, and many places now considered "East" were settled by pioneers from even further east. For example, Daniel Boone, a key figure in U.S. history, settled in Kentucky, when that "Dark and Bloody Ground" was still undeveloped.

One important development in the Western settlement were the Homestead Acts, which provided formal legislation for settlers which regulated the settlement process with little to no concern for the existing inhabitants of the land. Pioneers also settled on land that was once inhabited by American Indian tribes.
Steam 125
Steam 125 was a series of events held in 1998 to mark the 125th anniversary of the Isle of Man Railway opening its first route from Douglas to Peel. This line was closed in 1968 but the line to Port Erin which opened the following year remains in operation. Although there are still annual events, this was the last of the "big" railway events on the island which had begun with the Year of Railways in 1993 to mark the centenary of the Manx Electric Railway.

Douglas, Isle of Man
Douglas (Manx: Doolish, pronounced [ˈdðuːlʲəʃ]) is the capital city and largest settlement of the Isle of Man, with a population of 26,677 (2021) and an area of 4.1 square miles (10.5 km2). It is located at the mouth of the River Douglas, and on a sweeping bay of two miles (three kilometres). The River Douglas forms part of the city's harbour and main commercial port.

Douglas was a small settlement until it grew rapidly as a result of links with the English port of Liverpool in the 18th century. Further population growth came in the following century, resulting during the 1860s in a staged transfer of the High Courts, the Lieutenant Governor's residence (actually located in nearby Onchan), and finally the seat of the legislature, Tynwald, to Douglas from the ancient capital, Castletown.

The city is the island's main hub for business, finance, legal services, shipping, transport, shopping, and entertainment. The annual Isle of Man TT motorcycle races start and finish in Douglas.
Kruševo
Kruševo (Macedonian: Крушево [ˈkruʃɛvɔ] ⓘ; Aromanian: Crushuva) is a town in North Macedonia. In Macedonian the name means the 'place of pear trees'. It is the highest town in North Macedonia and one of the highest in the Balkans, situated at an altitude of over 1350 m (4429 feet) above sea level. The town of Kruševo is the seat of Kruševo Municipality. It is located in the western part of the country, overlooking the region of Pelagonia, 33 and 53 km from the nearby cities of Prilep and Bitola, respectively.

Pelagonia
Pelagonia (Macedonian: Пелагонија, romanized: Pelagonija; Greek: Πελαγονία, romanized: Pelagonía) is a geographical region of Macedonia named after the ancient kingdom. Ancient Pelagonia roughly corresponded to the present-day municipalities of Bitola, Prilep, Mogila, Novaci, Kruševo, and Krivogaštani in North Macedonia and perhaps to small parts of the municipalities of Florina, Amyntaio and Prespes in Greece.
Johnny Loves Me
"Johnny Loves Me" is a pop single by Shelley Fabares released in 1962 on Colpix Records. It was the first single taken from her second album, The Things We Did Last Summer. "Johnny Loves Me" was a collaboration written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil. The single was produced and arranged by Stu Phillips.

The Things We Did Last Summer (album)
The Things We Did Last Summer is the second studio pop album by singer and actress Shelley Fabares, released in 1962 on Colpix Records. It was available in both mono and stereo, catalogue numbers CP-431 and SCP-431.
The album was produced and arranged by Stu Phillips, who had produced her previous album. It peaked on the Billboard 200 albums chart at #121 in October 1962. The album features her Top 40 hit single "Johnny Loves Me". It also includes the second hit single from the album, her cover version of the 1946 pop standard "The Things We Did Last Summer".
John McEntee (Gaelic footballer)
John McEntee is a former Gaelic footballer who played at senior level for the Armagh county team until 2007. He was part of the 2002 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship-winning team. McEntee also won six Ulster Senior Football Championships and a National Football League title with the county.

McEntee played club football for Crossmaglen Rangers and had a highly successful career with the club. He helped Cross win the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship four times, the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship seven times and the Armagh Senior Football Championship on 13 occasions.

He usually played as a centre half forward. McEntee is known as one of the Armagh's best ever footballers.

Gaelic football, hurling and camogie positions
The following are the positions in the Gaelic sports of Gaelic football, hurling and camogie.

Each team consists of one goalkeeper (who wears a different colour jersey), six backs, two midfielders, and six forwards: 15 players in all. Some under-age games are played 13-a-side (in which case the full-back and full-forward positions are removed) or 11-a-side (in which case the full-back, centre back, centre forward and full-forward positions are removed).

The positions are listed below, with the jersey number usually worn by players in that position given.
2024–25 South Carolina State Lady Bulldogs basketball team
The 2024–25 South Carolina State Lady Bulldogs basketball team represented South Carolina State University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Lady Bulldogs, who were led by third-year head coach Tim Eatman, played their home games at SHM Memorial Center in Orangeburg, South Carolina as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC).

The Lady Bulldogs finished the season 2–29, 1–13 in MEAC play, to finish in a tie for seventh (last) place. For the fourth year in a row, they were defeated by top-seeded and eventual tournament champions Norfolk State in the quarterfinals of the MEAC tournament.

2024–25 Norfolk State Spartans women's basketball team
The 2024–25 Norfolk State Spartans women's basketball team represented Norfolk State University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Spartans, led by ninth-year head coach Larry Vickers, played their home games at Echols Hall in Norfolk, Virginia as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.
UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying Group H
Group H of UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying was one of the ten groups to decide which teams would qualify for the UEFA Euro 2024 final tournament in Germany. Group H consisted of six teams: Denmark, Finland, Kazakhstan, Northern Ireland, San Marino and Slovenia. The teams played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format.

The top two teams, Denmark and Slovenia, qualified directly for the final tournament. The participants of the qualifying play-offs were decided based on their performance in the 2022–23 UEFA Nations League.

2022–23 UEFA Nations League
The 2022–23 UEFA Nations League was the third season of the UEFA Nations League, an international association football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA. The competition was held from June to September 2022 (league phase), June 2023 (Nations League Finals), and March 2024 (relegation play-outs).

Following their win in 2021, defending champions France were unable to defend their title in the finals after finishing third in their group.

Spain won the final against Croatia, 5–4 on penalties following a 0–0 draw after extra time, for their first UEFA Nations League title.
Glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
In enzymology, glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.41) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde, oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) and phosphate (Pi). Its products are L-γ-glutamyl phosphate, reduced NADPH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase (phosphorylating). Other names in common use include beta-glutamylphosphate reductase, gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase, beta-glutamylphosphate reductase, glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, and glutamate-gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase.  This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups.

Urea cycle
The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2)2CO from ammonia (NH3). Animals that use this cycle, mainly amphibians and mammals, are called ureotelic.

The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. This cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered by Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit in 1932, five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle. The urea cycle was described in more detail later on by Ratner and Cohen. The urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.
Raumer
Raumer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Friedrich Ludwig Georg von Raumer (1781–1873), German historian
Friedrich-von-Raumer-Bibliothek, a public library in Berlin

Hans von Raumer  (1870–1965), German politician of the German People's Party (DVP)

Karl Georg von Raumer (1783–1865), German geologist and educator

Rudolf von Raumer (1815–1876), German philologist and linguist

Rudolf von Raumer
Rudolf von Raumer (14 April 1815, Breslau – 30 August 1876, Erlangen) was a German philologist and linguist, known for his extensive research of the German language. He was the son of geologist Karl Georg von Raumer.
Polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles
Polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles, now more commonly referred to as spherical nucleic acids, (Fig. 1) are colloidal gold particles densely modified with short (typically ~30-mer or less), highly oriented, synthetic DNA strands. They were invented by Chad Mirkin et al. at Northwestern University in 1996. Paul Alivisatos et al. at the University of California, Berkeley introduced a related monovalent structure the same year. Due to the strong interaction between gold and thiols (-SH), the first polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles were obtained by capping the gold nanoparticles with a dense monolayer of thiol-modified DNA. The dense packing and negative charge of the phosphate backbones of DNA orients it into solution (like a “koosh ball”) with a footprint that is dependent on factors including the particle size and radius of curvature.

Paul Alivisatos
Armand Paul Alivisatos (born November 12, 1959) is a Greek-American chemist, currently serving as the 14th president of the University of Chicago since September 2021.

Previously at the University of California, Berkeley, he served as the 7th director of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory from 2009 to 2016, as interim vice chancellor for research from 2016 to 2017, and as executive vice chancellor and provost from 2017 to 2021.

His academic research focuses on nanomaterials, particularly nanocrystal fabrication for biomedical and renewable energy applications.
Osowo, Kościerzyna County
Osowo [ɔˈsɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Karsin, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kościerzyna County
Kościerzyna County (Kashubian: Kòscérsczi kréz, Polish: powiat kościerski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Kościerzyna, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. Its borders equal approximately the borders of the old Marquessate of Berent in the German Empire.

The county covers an area of 1,165.85 square kilometres (450.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 72,589, out of which the population of Kościerzyna is 23,776, and the rural population is 48,813.

Kościerzyna County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kościerzyna County is bordered by Kartuzy County to the north, Gdańsk County and Starogard County to the east, Chojnice County to the south, and Bytów County to the west.
Jacob Pitts
Jacob Rives Pitts (born November 20, 1979) is an American television, film, and stage actor. His most notable performances were as Cooper Harris in the film EuroTrip (2004), as Bill "Hoosier" Smith in the HBO miniseries The Pacific (2010), and as Deputy U.S. Marshal Tim Gutterson on the FX television drama Justified (2010–2015). He appeared in the play Where Do We Live at the Vineyard Theatre in May 2004.  Pitts has also appeared in TV shows such as Law & Order, Ed, and Sex and the City. He had a recurring role in the first season of The Sinner and starred as Lance Lord in the crime drama series Sneaky Pete.

Jim Sturgess
James Anthony Sturgess (born 16 May 1978) is an English actor and singer-songwriter. His first major role was as Jude in the musical romance drama film Across the Universe (2007). He played the male lead role of Ben Campbell in 21 (2008), Gavin Kossef in Crossing Over (2009), The Way Back (2010), and co-starred in the epic science fiction film Cloud Atlas (2012).

Other credits include Stonehearst Asylum (2013), London Fields (2014), Close to the Enemy (2016), Feed the Beast (2016), Geostorm (2017), Kidnapping Freddy Heineken (2018), and JT LeRoy (2018), Berlin, I Love You (2019), The Other Me (2022), and Alone Together (2022). He also starred in One Day opposite Anne Hathaway in 2011
Judiciary of Tokelau
The Judiciary of Tokelau formally consists of the Commissioner’s Court and Appeal Committee of each village, the High Court and the Court of Appeal.

In practice, however, no dispute from Tokelau has ever been litigated outside Tokelau. There has been a strong community feeling that disputes are matters for the community and the community alone. This has meant that, to date, community thinking has been opposed to any thought of having a case decided in another village, let alone outside Tokelau.

Reprimand
A reprimand is a severe, formal or official reproof.  Reprimanding takes in different forms in different legal systems. A reprimand in custody may be a formal legal action issued by a government agency or professional governing board (e.g. medical board, bar council). It may also be an administrative warning issued by an employer or school. A judge might reprimand a person in court if they have violated their release order or bail status, and place them back in custody.
Phosphor bronze
Phosphor bronze is a member of the family of copper alloys. It is composed of copper that is alloyed with 0.5–11% of tin and 0.01–0.35% phosphorus, and may contain other elements to confer specific properties (e.g. lead at 0.5–3.0% to form free-machining phosphor bronze). The tin increases the corrosion resistance and strength of the alloy, while the phosphorus increases its wear resistance and stiffness.

Phosphor bronze alloys are notable for their toughness, strength, low coefficient of friction, and fine grain. The phosphorus reduces the viscosity of the molten alloy, which makes it easier and cleaner to cast and reduces grain boundaries between crystallites. It was originally formulated by the Belgian Georges Montefiore-Levi and the German Karl Künzel.

Casting
Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process. Casting materials are usually metals or various time setting materials that cure after mixing two or more components together; examples are epoxy, concrete, plaster and clay. Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be otherwise difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods. Heavy equipment like machine tool beds, ships' propellers, etc. can be cast easily in the required size, rather than fabricating by joining several small pieces. Casting is a 7,000-year-old process. The oldest surviving casting is a copper frog from 3200 BC.
Nancy Harts
The Nancy Harts were various troops of female militia raised in the Southern United States during the American Civil War. Named in honor of Nancy Hart, all the troops eventually were dissolved, except for the one from LaGrange, Georgia. Chiefly organized by Nancy Hill Morgan and Mary Alford Heard, around 30 women joined the Nancy Harts which were more formally called the Nancy Hart Rifles. Captained by Morgan, the militia trained for battle, using William J. Hardee's Rifle and Light Infantry Tactics. Though they trained to fight, they never did, and served mainly as a nursing corps. The militia surrendered to Colonel Oscar H. LaGrange in 1865.

William J. Hardee
Lieutenant-General William Joseph Hardee (October 12, 1815 – November 6, 1873) was an American military officer. He served in the United States Army in both the Second Seminole War and in the Mexican–American War. He was later commissioned as a general in the Confederate States Army in 1861. Hardee saw combat in the Western Theater of the American Civil War and was known to quarrel sharply with two of his commanding officers, Braxton Bragg and John Bell Hood. He later served in the Atlanta campaign of 1864 and the Carolinas campaign of 1865, where he surrendered with Joseph E. Johnston to the Union side led by William Tecumseh Sherman in April. Hardee's writings about military tactics were widely used on both sides in the conflict.
43rd Infantry Regiment (France)
The 43rd Infantry Regiment (French: 43e Régiment d'Infanterie or 43e RI) was a French infantry regiment which dated back to the creation in 1638 of the Régiment Royal des Vaisseaux - one of the regiments of the Maison militaire du roi de France (Royal Military House of France) created to serve on boats and in the colonies: all such regiments were, in 1791, given a number in the line-infantry order of battle meaning that they could be considered historically as the "ancestors" of the naval infantry regiments (see 107th Infantry Regiment (France)).

Maison militaire du roi de France
The maison militaire du roi de France (French pronunciation: [mɛzɔ̃ militɛʁ dy ʁwa də fʁɑ̃s], military household of the king of France) were the military branch of the Maison du Roi, the royal household of the French monarchy. Officially part of the French Royal Army, like the rest of the Maison du Roi the maison militaire was under the authority of the Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi. However, the formation depended on the ordinaire des guerres, controlled by the Secretary of State for War, for their budget. Under Louis XIV, these two officers of state were given joint command of the maison militaire.
Decorated running frog
The decorated running frog (Kassina decorata) is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is endemic to Cameroon where it is known from the Bamiléké highlands and from Mount Manengouba. There is uncertainty whether it is a valid species, and it has been also considered synonym of Kassina maculosa.

This little known species has been found around lakes and in marshes in high-elevation grassland, and in flooded grassland and marshes in humid savanna.

Western High Plateau
The Western High Plateau, Western Highlands or Bamenda Grassfields is a region of Cameroon characterised by high relief, cool temperatures, heavy rainfall and savanna vegetation. The region lies along the Cameroon line and consists of mountain ranges and volcanoes made of crystalline and igneous rock. The region borders the South Cameroon Plateau to the southeast, the Adamawa Plateau to the northeast and the Cameroon coastal plain to the south.
Huntley Fitzpatrick
Huntley Fitzpatrick was an American author of young adult (YA) fiction.

She grew up in a small coastal town in Connecticut, wanting to be a writer. She graduated from Concord Academy in Concord, Massachusetts in 1981, and attended Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.

Fitzpatrick worked as an editor in academic publishing and as an editor on teen titles at Harlequin before becoming a full-time YA writer.

She lived in Massachusetts with her husband and their six children.

She died in April 2022 after a long illness.

Concord Academy
Concord Academy (also known as CA) is a coeducational, independent college-preparatory school for boarding and day students in Concord, Massachusetts. CA educates approximately 400 students in grades 9–12.

Founded in 1922 as an all-girls institution, CA transitioned to a coeducation model in 1971. It has educated several Pulitzer Prize winners, notable authors, artists, and scholars, including the first female president of Harvard University, Drew Gilpin Faust.
Aleuroplatus coronata
Aleuroplatus coronata, the crown whitefly, is a species of whitefly in the family Aleyrodidae. It is native to the southern United States and Mexico, and it is now established in California, where it is associated with oak and chestnut trees.

Chestnut
Chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus Castanea, in the beech family Fagaceae. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.