hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William C. Mentzer
William C. Mentzer (May 27, 1907 – December 23, 1971) was an aeronautical engineer noted for his contributions to the airline industry, dealing particularly with aircraft maintenance and economics. He was born in Knoxville, Iowa. After graduating from MIT in 1934, he worked for United Airlines as an engineer. During the course of his career, he was involved in the development of over 50 aircraft and was eventually promoted to a senior management level. He was elected a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He died in Palo Alto, California. He was posthumously awarded the Daniel Guggenheim Medal in 1972.

United Airlines
United Airlines, Inc. is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It operates an extensive domestic and international route network across the United States and to destinations on six continents. Regional service is provided by independent carriers operating under the United Express brand, and the Star Alliance, of which United was one of the five founding airlines, extends its network throughout the world.

The principal figure behind the formation of the airline was William E. Boeing, founder of the Boeing Aircraft Company in 1916. He launched an air service between Victoria, British Columbia, and Seattle and later acquired three additional airlines, completing the merger by 1931 to form United Air Lines. Through successive mergers and acquisitions, United has remained one of the largest airlines in the world for much of its history.
Biodiversity Informatics (journal)
Biodiversity Informatics is a journal for the field of biodiversity informatics, which is the application of different information technology tools, methods and techniques to the study and management of biodiversity. This means essentially the organization of databases, and their analysis, visualizing and querying. The number of biodiversity databases is also growing, at a fast pace, and there is clear need to have concepts and tools for their management and analysis. The community of scientists in the field of biodiversity informatics is growing, and it is very well represented by scientists in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

In 2004, scientists at the University of Kansas decided to launch a journal. Journal of Biodiversity Informatics is a "platinum" open access type of journal, which means that there are no charges for publishing or reading the journal.

The journal's 2025 impact factor is of 5.2 according to Journal Citation Reports.

Biodiversity informatics
Biodiversity informatics is the application of informatics techniques to biodiversity information, such as taxonomy, biogeography or ecology. It is defined as the application of Information technology technologies to management, algorithmic exploration, analysis and interpretation of primary data regarding life, particularly at the species level organization. Modern computer techniques can yield new ways to view and analyze existing information, as well as predict future situations (see niche modelling). Biodiversity informatics is a term that was only coined around 1992 but with rapidly increasing data sets has become useful in numerous studies and applications, such as the construction of taxonomic databases or geographic information systems. Biodiversity informatics contrasts with "bioinformatics", which is often used synonymously with the computerized handling of data in the specialized area of molecular biology.
Liadh Ní Riada
Liadh Ní Riada (pronounced [ˈl̠ʲiə n̠ʲiː ˈɾˠiəd̪ˠə]; born 28 November 1966) is an Irish cultural activist and former Sinn Féin politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the South constituency from 2014 to 2019. She was the Sinn Féin candidate in the 2018 presidential election. As of December 2024, Ní Riada is director of a cultural centre in Ballyvourney, County Cork.

She left Sinn Féin some time after her failed presidential election campaign and became an independent. She unsuccessfully contested the 2025 Seanad election as an independent candidate.

Cultural center
A cultural center or cultural centre is an organization, building or complex that promotes culture and arts. Cultural centers can be neighborhood community arts organizations, private facilities, government-sponsored, or activist-run.
Secretary for Security
The Secretary for Security is the member of the Government of Hong Kong in charge of the Security Bureau, which is responsible for public safety, security, and immigration matters.

The post was created in 1973 and since the Principal Officials Accountability System was adopted in 2002, the Secretary for Security has been a member of the Executive Council. Before 1973, the office was known as the Secretary for Defence.

Areas of responsibility include:

Police Force

Correctional Services

Immigration Department

Customs and Excise Department

Fire Services Department

Government Flying Service

Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre

Executive Council of Hong Kong
22°16′53″N 114°09′54″E﻿ / ﻿22.281487°N 114.165089°E﻿ / 22.281487; 114.165089

The Executive Council of Hong Kong (ExCo) is the cabinet of the Government of Hong Kong, acting as a formal body of advisers to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong that serves as a core policy-making organ assisting the chief executive. It is analogous to other Executive Councils in the Commonwealth such as the Federal Executive Council of Australia, the Executive Council of New Zealand, and the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.

Under the presidency of the chief executive, the executive council consists of 21 Official Members (the most senior of these being the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong, head of the Government Secretariat and chair of the Policy Committee), and 16 Non-official Members (also known as ministers without portfolio who are normally leading legislators from pro-establishment political parties) headed by the Convenor of the Non-official Members. The Council normally meets once a week.
Friðrik Friðriksson
Friðrik Þór Friðriksson (born 6 October 1964) is an Icelandic former international football goalkeeper.

He played club football for Fram Reykjavik, Breiðablik, Fram again, B1909 (Denmark), Þór Akureyri and ÍBV.

Friðrik won 26 caps for the senior Iceland team, the first in a 4–0 friendly win in the Faroe Islands on 2 August 1982.

Former Olympic alpine skier Nanna Leifsdóttir is Friðrik's wife. Their daughter is Iceland women's national football team player Fanndís Friðriksdóttir.

Breiðablik (sports club)
Breiðablik is a multi-sports club from Kópavogur, Iceland. The club was founded in 1950 and is the largest sports club in the country. Breiðablik has several sports divisions, both men's and women's, including football, athletics, basketball, karate, dance, skiing and swimming.
RC Lousã
RC Lousã is a rugby union team based in Lousã, Portugal. As of 2022 they play in the honor league. Before that they played in the First Division of the Campeonato Nacional de Rugby from 2012 to 2022 (National Championship).

Lousã
Lousã (European Portuguese pronunciation: [loˈzɐ̃] ⓘ), officially the Town of Lousã (Portuguese: Vila da Lousã), is a town and municipality in the district of Coimbra, in the central part of Portugal. The population in 2011 was 17,604, in an area of 138.40 km2.
1988 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 1988 New Hampshire gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1988. Incumbent Governor John Sununu did not run for re-election, and was succeeded by U.S. Representative Judd Gregg.

As of 2020, this marks the most recent time that Republicans won the races for Governor and for President concurrently.

John H. Sununu
John Henry Sununu (born July 2, 1939) is a Cuban-born American politician who served as the 75th governor of New Hampshire from 1983 to 1989 and as the 14th White House chief of staff under President George H. W. Bush from 1989 to 1991.

Born in Cuba to an American father and a Salvadoran mother, he is of Greek, Hispanic, and Lebanese descent, making him the first Arab American, Greek American, and Hispanic American to be governor of New Hampshire and White House chief of staff. He is the father of John E. Sununu, the former United States Senator from New Hampshire, and Christopher Sununu, the former governor of New Hampshire. Sununu was the chairman of the New Hampshire Republican Party from 2009 to 2011.
Yukinori Nemoto
Yukinori Nemoto (根本幸典, Nemoto Yukinori; born 21 February 1965) is a Japanese politician serving as a member of the House of Representatives since 2012. From 2003 to 2011, he was a city councillor of Toyohashi.

Toyohashi
Toyohashi (豊橋市, Toyohashi-shi) is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2019, the city had an estimated population of 377,453 in 160,516 households  and a population density of 1,400 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 261.86 square kilometres (101.10 sq mi). By area, Toyohashi was Aichi Prefecture's second-largest city until March 31, 2005, when it was surpassed by the city of Toyota, which had merged with six peripheral municipalities.
9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
The 9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), formally the Political Bureau of the 9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was elected at the 1st plenary session of the 9th Central Committee of the CCP on 28 April 1969 in the aftermath of the 9th National Congress. This electoral term was preceded by the 8th Politburo and succeeded by the 10th. Five of the 21 members served concurrently in the 9th Politburo Standing Committee.

9th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 9th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, formally the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was elected by the 1st plenary session of the 9th Central Committee in 1969, in the aftermath of the 9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It was preceded by the CCP's 8th Politburo Standing Committee and was succeeded by the 10th in 1973.
Karen Campbell
Karen Campbell (born 1967, Paisley, Scotland) is a Scottish writer of contemporary fiction.  Her first four novels, while billed as police procedurals, form a quartet set in Glasgow which goes behind the uniform, to examine the lives of people who just happen to be police officers, and feature Sgt. Anna Cameron and Cath and Jamie Worth. Her fifth novel, published in 2013, breaks away from the world of the police. It tells the story of Abdi, a Somali asylum-seeker newly arrived in Glasgow with his young daughter, and of recently widowed Deborah, who has been assigned as mentor to help them settle in. The novel was selected as the BBC Radio Four Book at Bedtime in April 2013. Now published by Canongate, Campbell has written eight novels, the most recent being Paper Cup, which follows the journey of homeless woman Kelly.

Canongate Books
Canongate Books (trading as Canongate) is an independent publishing firm based in Edinburgh, Scotland.

It is named after the Canongate area of the city. It is most recognised for publishing the Booker Prize winning novel Life of Pi (2001). Canongate was named the British Book Awards Publisher of the Year in 2003 and 2009.
Plazia
Plazia is a genus of South American plants in the family Asteraceae.

Species

Plazia cheiranthifolia Wedd. - Coquimbo in Colombia

Plazia conferta Ruiz & Pav. - Junín in Peru

Plazia daphnoides Wedd. - Bolivia, Peru (Ayacucho), Chile (Tarapacá), Argentina (Jujuy, Mendoza, Salta)

Plazia robinsonii M.O. Dillon & Sagást - Peru (Huamachuco)

formerly included

transferred to other genera - Aphyllocladus Gypothamnium Hyalis

Plazia acaciifolia J. Koster - Hyalis lancifolia Baker

Plazia pinnifolia (Phil.) O.Hoffm. - Gypothamnium pinifolium Phil.

Plazia spartioides (Wedd.) Kuntze - Aphyllocladus spartioides Wedd.

Department of Ayacucho
Ayacucho (Spanish pronunciation: [aʝaˈkutʃo] ⓘ; Quechua: Ayakuchu), known as Huamanga (Quechua: Wamanqa) from its creation in 1822 until 1825, is a department of Peru. It is located in the south-central Andes of the country. The region was one of the hardest hit in the 1980s during the guerrilla war waged by Shining Path. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Ayacucho.
Lee Richardson (actor)
Lee Richardson (September 11, 1926 – October 2, 1999) was an American stage and screen actor. He acted in numerous Broadway and Off-Broadway productions and was a prolific player in regional theatres, co-founding Minneapolis' Guthrie Theater in 1963. On-screen, he often worked with director Sidney Lumet, appearing in several of his films between 1976 and 1992. He was nominated for a Tony Award in 1972, for his role in Robert Bolt's Vivat! Vivat Regina!.

Robert Bolt
Robert Oxton Bolt (15 August 1924 – 20 February 1995) was an English playwright and a screenwriter, known for writing the screenplays for Lawrence of Arabia, Doctor Zhivago, and A Man for All Seasons, the latter two of which won him the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He also was the recipient of a Tony Award, two BAFTA Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards, in addition to nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Laurence Olivier Award.
Lansdown (film)
Lansdown is a 2001 dark comedy film written and directed by Tom Zuber. Paul Shields stars as Jake Jorgenson, a criminal defense attorney in the fictional town of Lansdown, New Jersey.

The film won Best First Feature at the Cinequest Film Festival.

Tom Zuber
Thomas Francis Zuber (born March 25, 1972) is an American attorney, entrepreneur, and inventor.  He is the creator and CEO of LawLoop.com, a cloud computing portal for lawyers, and a Co-Founder and Partner of Zuber Lawler & Del Duca, a bi-coastal law firm headquartered in Los Angeles, California, with additional offices in Chicago, Illinois, New York, New York, Phoenix, Arizona and Silicon Valley, California. He is also known for directing, co-writing, and producing the independent motion picture Little Athens, which was an Official Selection of the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival.
Carbon oxohalide
Carbon oxohalides are a group of chemical compounds that contain only carbon, oxygen and halogen atoms: fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. They include carbonyl halides, COX2, and oxalyl halides, C2X2O2, where X = F, Cl, Br or I. The halogen atoms X do not have to be identical; they differ in mixed oxohalides. Most combinations of halogens exist but carbonyl iodide, COI2, is unknown. The carbon–oxygen bond length in carbonyl halides (1.13–1.17 Å) is shorter than in other carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides (1.20–1.21 Å). They are reactive reagents for halogenation, acylation and dehydration reactions.

Dehydration reaction
In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of an H2O from the reacting molecule(s) or ion(s). This reaction results in the release of the H2O as water. When the reaction involves the coupling of two molecules into a single molecule it is referred to as a condensation reaction. Dehydration reactions are common processes in the manufacture of chemical compounds as well as naturally occurring within living organisms.

The reverse of a dehydration reaction is called a hydration reaction. The reverse of a condensation reaction yielding water is called hydrolysis.
Julian O. Newhouse
Julian Orville Newhouse (July 5, 1915 – February 4, 2006) was an American businessman and politician.

Newhouse was born in Brandon, Douglas County, Minnesota. He moved to Alexandria, Minnesota with his family and graduated from Alexandria High School in 1934. He was involved with his family's business: Newhouse Implement. Newhouse served in the Minnesota National Guard during World War II and the Korean War and was commissioned a lieutenant colonel. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1957 to 1962. He died at the Minnesota Veterans' House in Fergus Falls, Minnesota with the funeral and burial in Alexandria, Minnesota.

Douglas County, Minnesota
Douglas County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 39,006. Its county seat is Alexandria.

Douglas County comprises the Alexandria, Minnesota, Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Douglas County is the home of Minnesota's only wine-grape appellation, the 10,880 acres (44.0 km2) Alexandria Lakes AVA.
David Wood (Christian apologist)
David Wood (born April 7, 1976) is an American evangelical Christian apologist, philosopher, and YouTube personality, who is the head of the Acts 17 Apologetics ministry, which he co-founded with Nabeel Qureshi. He also runs Foundation for Advocating Christian Truth, which is the organization behind AnsweringMuslims.com. Wood is known for his criticism of Islam, particularly Islamic views on theology and morality, as well as the Quran in general, hadith, sīrah and Muhammad.

Christian apologetics
Christian apologetics (Ancient Greek: ἀπολογία, "verbal defense, speech in defense") is a branch of Christian theology that defends Christianity.

Christian apologetics have taken many forms over the centuries, starting with Paul the Apostle in the early church and Patristic writers such as Origen, Augustine of Hippo, Justin Martyr and Tertullian, then continuing with writers such as Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham and Anselm of Canterbury during Scholasticism.

Blaise Pascal was an active Christian apologist during the 17th century. In the modern period, Christianity was defended through the efforts of many authors such as John Henry Newman, G. K. Chesterton and C. S. Lewis, as well as G. E. M. Anscombe.
Lisa Bentley
Lisa Bentley (born November 28, 1968) is a Canadian triathlete. She has been competing on the Ironman race series since late in the 1990s. In 1988, Bentley was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. She has won 11 Ironman competitions. In 2006, Bentley placed third at the Ironman World Championship, her best showing and finished second at the Ironman 70.3 World Championships in Clearwater, Florida three weeks later.

2006 Ironman World Championship
The 2006 Ironman World Championship was a long distance triathlon competition that was held on October 21, 2006 in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. It was the 30th edition of the Ironman World Championship, which has been held annually in Hawaii since 1978. The championship was organized by the World Triathlon Corporation (WTC).
Glasgow City Mission
Glasgow City Mission is a Christian charitable organisation whose remit covers Glasgow, Scotland. It is dedicated to sharing the Gospel of Jesus Christ and providing practical help and support to homeless and disadvantaged people. Its headquarters are on Crimea Street, Glasgow with a "Child and Family Centre" in Govan and an "Overnight Welcome Centre" open during winter.

The gospel
The gospel or good news is a theological concept in several religions. In the historical Roman imperial cult and today in Christianity, the gospel is a message about salvation by a divine figure, a savior, who has brought peace or other benefits to humankind. In Ancient Greek religion, the word designated a type of sacrifice or ritual dedication intended to thank the gods upon receiving good news.

The religious concept is found at least as far back as Greece's Classical era and Roman authors are known to have adopted it toward the end of the 1st century BCE. It is a central message of Christianity today, in which written accounts of the life and teaching of Jesus Christ are known as Gospels.

The concept of "gospel" is also significant in Islam, where it is referred to as the Injīl (Arabic: الإنجيل‎, romanized: Injīl, lit. 'good news'), believed to be a divine revelation given to ʿĪsā (Jesus).
Florida softshell turtle
The Florida softshell turtle (Apalone ferox) is a species of turtle in the family Trionychidae. The species is native to the Southeastern United States. The maximum recorded lifespan of a Florida softshell turtle is 26 years.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
Marcos Siebert
Marcos Siebert (born 16 March 1996 in Mar del Plata) is an Argentine racing driver. He currently competes at the 2025 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup for AF Corse with a Ferrari 296 GT3. Siebert won the LMP3 drivers title at the 2023 European Le Mans Series.

AF Corse
AF Corse is an Italian auto racing team founded by former racing driver Amato Ferrari in 1995 in Piacenza.  Strongly linked to the Maserati and Ferrari brands, AF Corse currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship, GT World Challenge Europe, European Le Mans Series, Asian Le Mans Series, and International GT Open, and are four-time champions of the GT2 class of the former FIA GT Championship. The team has also entered cars under Advanced Engineering, AT Racing, PeCom Racing, Spirit of Race, Formula Racing, 8Star Motorsports and MR Racing, and in association with Michael Waltrip Racing (AF Waltrip).
1958 BRDC International Trophy
The 10th BRDC International Trophy, also known as The Daily Express Trophy (named after the principal sponsor of the race), was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 3 May 1958 at the Silverstone Circuit, England. The race was run over 50 laps of the Grand Prix circuit, and was won by British driver Peter Collins in a Ferrari Dino 246.

The field also included several Formula Two cars, highest finisher being Cliff Allison in a Lotus 12, finishing in sixth place overall.

Formula Two
Formula Two (F2) is a type of open-wheel formula racing category first codified in 1948. It was replaced in 1985 by Formula 3000, but revived by the FIA from 2009 to 2012 in the form of the FIA Formula Two Championship. The name returned again in 2017 when the former GP2 Series became known as the FIA Formula 2 Championship.
Crazymad, for Me
Crazymad, for Me is the second studio album by the Irish pop musician CMAT, released on 13 October 2023 through CMATBaby and AWAL. The album includes a guest appearance from the American alternative rock singer John Grant and was preceded by the lead single "Whatever's Inconvenient". It received acclaim from critics, and was nominated for the 2024 Mercury Prize.

Mercury Prize
The Mercury Prize, formerly called the Mercury Music Prize, is an annual music prize awarded for the best album released by a musical act from the United Kingdom or Ireland. It was created by Jon Webster and Robert Chandler in association with the British Phonographic Industry and British Association of Record Dealers in 1992 as an alternative to the Brit Awards.
Leogorgon
Leogorgon ("Leo's gorgon") is an extinct genus of dubious therapsid from the Late Permian Sokolki Faunal Assemblage of Russia. It was originally classified as a rubidgeine gorgonopsian, and would have been the first member of that clade from outside of Africa if that identification had been valid. However, it may instead be a combination of the tooth of a gorgonopsian and the braincase of a dicynodont, and may be a wastebin taxon.

Lopingian
The Lopingian,  informally the Late or Upper Permian, is the uppermost series/last epoch of the Permian, and last epoch of the Paleozoic. The Lopingian was preceded by the Guadalupian and followed by the Early Triassic.

The name was introduced by Amadeus William Grabau in 1931 and derives from Leping, Jiangxi in China. It consists of two stages/ages. The earlier is the Wuchiapingian and the later is the Changhsingian.

The International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2018/07) provides a numerical age of 259.1 ±0.5 Ma. If a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) has been approved, the lower boundary of the earliest stage determines numerical age of an epoch. The GSSP for the Wuchiapingian has a numerical age of 259.8 ± 0.4 Ma.

Evidence from Milankovitch cycles suggests that the length of an Earth day during this epoch was approximately 22 hours.