hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graded manifold
In algebraic geometry, graded manifolds are extensions of the concept of manifolds based on ideas coming from supersymmetry and supercommutative algebra. Both graded manifolds and supermanifolds are phrased in terms of sheaves of graded commutative algebras. However, graded manifolds are characterized by sheaves on smooth manifolds, while supermanifolds are constructed by gluing of sheaves of supervector spaces.

Super vector space
In mathematics, a super vector space is a -graded vector space, that is, a vector space over a field  with a given decomposition of subspaces of grade  and grade . The study of super vector spaces and their generalizations is sometimes called super linear algebra. These objects find their principal application in theoretical physics where they are used to describe the various algebraic aspects of supersymmetry.
Bazaar (2019 film)
Bazaar (transl. Market) is an Indian Kannada action crime film directed by Suni and produced by Thimmegowda under Bharathi Film Productions banner. The film stars Dhanveer Gowda, a debutant and Aditi Prabhudeva in the lead roles along with Sadhu Kokila, Sharath Lohitashwa and Aruna Balaraj in the supporting roles. The film's plot deals with the gambling process involved in the pigeon racing. The film is shot in the real locations across Bengaluru, Mysore and Tumkur where the pigeon races are actually held.

The technical crew members for the film include Ravi Basrur as the music composer, Santhosh Rai Pathaje as the cinematographer, Abhishek. M as the editor. Initially planned to release on the Sankranthi festival day, the makers postponed the release to 1 February 2019.

Sankranti
Sankranti (Sanskrit: संक्रान्ति, romanized: Saṁkrānti) refers to the transmigration of the sun from one zodiac to another in Indian astronomy. In Saurmana varsha (Hindu Solar year), there are twelve Sankrantis corresponding with twelve months of a year. The Sankrantis can be broadly classified into four main categories: Ayan (Solstice), Vishuva (Equinox), Vishupadi and Shadshitimukhi sankrantis.
Each Sankranti is marked as the beginning of a month in the sidereal solar calendars followed in South Indian states: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka; Himalayan states: Jammu region, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand,  North Punjab and states of Eastern India: Odisha, Mithila region of Bihar and Nepal. On the other hand, in the sidereal solar Bengali calendar and Assamese calendar, a Sankranti is marked as the end of each month and the day following as the beginning of a new month.
Tyulgansky District
Tyulgansky District (Russian: Тюльга́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 1,887 square kilometers (729 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Tyulgan. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 19,725, with the population of Tyulgan accounting for 45.4% of that number.

Orenburg Oblast
Orenburg Oblast (also Orenburzhye) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), mainly located in Eastern Europe, with some land in the southern and eastern portions of the oblast falling within Asia. Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name Chkalov Oblast in honor of Valery Chkalov. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast had a population of 1,862,767, down from 2,033,072 in the 2010 Census.
2019 Chengdu Open
The 2019 Chengdu Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 4th edition of the Chengdu Open and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2019 ATP Tour. It took place at the Sichuan International Tennis Center in Chengdu, China, from September 23 to 29.

Li Zhe (tennis)
Li Zhe (Chinese: 李喆; pinyin: Lǐ Zhé; Mandarin pronunciation: [lì ʈʂɤ̌]; born September 20, 1986) is a Chinese tennis player who plays mainly on the ATP Challenger and ITF Futures Tours. On 11 November 2019, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 193. His highest doubles ranking of No. 136 was achieved on 28 February 2011.

Li represents his native country of China competing during the Davis Cup. He competes in both singles, for which he has a record of 6–3, and doubles where his record is 5–8, for a combined total record of 11–11. He has reached 27 career singles finals, boasting a record of 14 wins and 13 losses, including a 0–2 record in ATP Challenger finals. Additionally he has reached a bountiful 81 doubles finals with a record of 53 wins and 28 losses, including a  6–7 record in ATP Challenger finals.
Symphony No. 22 (Michael Haydn)
Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 22 in F major, Perger 14, Sherman 23, Sherman-adjusted 22, MH 284, was written in Salzburg in 1779. The symphony is scored for two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, and strings. It is in three movements:

This symphony is the second of four by Michael Haydn to include a slow introduction before the first movement (the others are Symphonies Nos. 21, 27, and 30). All four were written between 1778 and 1785 and attached to symphonies cast in three movements (without minuets).

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).
Alison Downie
Alison Amanda Downie (born 17 July 1984) is an Australian sportswoman most notable for her career as a basketball player for the Dandenong Rangers in the Women's National Basketball League. Downie is a retired Australian rules footballer, who played for Carlton and Collingwood in the AFL Women's (AFLW) competition.

Women's National Basketball League
The Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) is a professional women's basketball league in Australia composed of eight teams. The league was founded in 1981 and is the women's counterpart to the National Basketball League (NBL).
Kyenjojo–Kabwoya Road
The Kyenjojo–Kabwoya Road, in the Western Region of Uganda, connects the town of Kyenjojo in the Kyenjojo District with Kabwoya in the Hoima District. The road is part of the 238 kilometres (148 mi) Kyenjojo–Hoima–Masindi–Kigumba road corridor.

Politics of Uganda
The politics of Uganda occurs in an authoritarian context. Since assuming office in 1986 at the end of the Ugandan civil war, Yoweri Museveni has ruled Uganda as a dictator. Political parties were banned from 1986 to 2006 in the wake of the 2005 Ugandan multi-party referendum which was won by pro-democracy forces. Since 2006, Museveni has used legal means, patronage, and violence to maintain power.

Under the Ugandan constitution, Uganda is a presidential republic in which the President is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government business. There is a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is given to both the government and the National Assembly. The system is based on a democratic parliamentary system with equal rights for all citizens over 18 years of age.
The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Uganda a "hybrid regime" in 2022.
Acokanthera oblongifolia
Acokanthera oblongifolia (commonly known as African wintersweet, dune poison bush, Hottentot's poison, poison arrow plant or wintersweet) is a plant in the family Apocynaceae. It grows as an evergreen shrub or small tree up to 6 metres (20 ft) tall. Its fragrant flowers feature a white tinged pink corolla. The berries are purple when ripe. Its habitat is dry forest and coastal thickets. Acokanthera oblongifolia is used in local African medicinal treatments for snakebites, itches and internal worms. The plant has been used as arrow poison. The species is native to Mozambique and South Africa.

Arrow poison
Arrow poisons are used to poison arrow heads or darts for the purposes of hunting and warfare. They have been used by indigenous peoples worldwide and are still in use in areas of South America, Africa and Asia. Notable examples are the poisons secreted from the skin of the poison dart frog, and curare (or 'ampi'), a general term for a range of plant-derived arrow poisons used by the indigenous peoples of South America.
Insider Exclusive
The Insider Exclusive television show regularly produces original Dateline, 60 Minutes, 20/20, and prime time style television shows for the public and broadcasts them on major cable networks such as PBS, CNN, MSNBC, TruTV, Fox, Time Warner and Comcast, Cox, Charter, A&E, Discovery, TLC, and Bravo.  The focus is primarily on "Important Business, Legal and Public Policy Issues". The Insider Exclusive also features important cases that represent injustice, unfairness and/or deception, either for individuals or groups seeking to vindicate their civil rights.

Created and hosted by Steve Murphy, the format is original programming based on exclusive and personal interviews, similar to PBS's Bill Moyers, CNN's Anderson Cooper, and PBS's Charlie Rose shows.  Each show features the lives of local and national newsmakers, entertainers, lawyers, entrepreneurs, celebrities, and best-selling authors.  The shows feature rare, behind-the-scenes, exclusive perspectives of headline stories.

Cox Communications
Cox Communications, Inc. (also known as Cox Cable and formerly Cox Broadcasting Corporation, Dimension Cable Services and Times-Mirror Cable), is an American digital cable television provider, telecommunications and home automation services company. It is the third-largest cable television provider in the United States, serving approximately 6.5 million customers. It is also the seventh-largest telephone carrier in the country, serving 3.5 million Internet subscribers and almost 3.2 million digital telephone subscribers. Cox is headquartered at 6205 Peachtree Dunwoody Rd in Sandy Springs, Georgia, U.S., in the Atlanta metropolitan area. It is a privately owned subsidiary of Cox Enterprises.
Bill Benton (footballer)
William Joseph Benton (11 March 1906 – 31 August 1979) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and for West Perth in the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL).

Benton, who came from Birchip, was Richmond's full-back in the 1929 VFL Grand Final against Collingwood. Although he kept Gordon Coventry to two goals, Benton would finish on the losing side. In the 1930 VFL season he played as a forward and kicked 35 goals, seven on them in a win over North Melbourne at Punt Road Oval.

Benton went to West Perth after leaving Richmond and was a member of WANFL premiership teams in 1934 and 1935.

1929 VFL grand final
The 1929 VFL grand final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and Richmond Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 28 September 1929. It was the 31st annual grand final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1929 VFL season. The match, attended by 63,236 spectators, was won by Collingwood by a margin of 29 points, marking that club's eighth premiership victory and third in succession.
Perfect Records
Perfect Records was a United States–based record label, founded in 1922 by Pathé Records to produce cheap 78 rpm discs.

From the start, Perfect Records sold well. The Pathé and Perfect labels were part of the merger that created the American Record Corporation (ARC) in July 1929. After the merger, ARC weeded out some of their poorer-selling labels (Pathé, for example), and Perfect continued to be a successful label through the 1930s until ARC dropped their entire group of cheaper labels in late 1938.

The label was revived in 1993 by Dean Blackwood and issued recordings pressed on 78 r.p.m. vinyl by Sun City Girls, Charlie Feathers, Junior Kimbrough, The Balfa Brothers, and John Fahey.

The Balfa Brothers
The Balfa Brothers (or Les Frères Balfa) were an American cajun music ensemble. Its members were five brothers: Dewey on fiddle; Will on fiddle; Rodney on guitar, harmonica, and vocals; Burkeman on triangle and spoons; and Harry on Cajun accordion.
George Gruntz
George Gruntz (24 June 1932 – 10 January 2013) was a Swiss jazz pianist, organist, harpsichordist, keyboardist, and composer known for the George Gruntz Concert Big Band and his work with Phil Woods, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Don Cherry, Chet Baker, Art Farmer, Dexter Gordon, Johnny Griffin, and Mel Lewis.

Gruntz, who was born in Basel, Switzerland, was also an accomplished arranger and composer, having been commissioned by many orchestras and symphonies. From 1972 to 1994, he served as artistic director of JazzFest Berlin.

He died at the age of 80 in January 2013.

JazzFest Berlin
JazzFest Berlin (also known as the Berlin Jazz Festival) is a jazz festival in Berlin, Germany.  Originally called the "Berliner Jazztage" (Berlin Jazz Days), it was founded in 1964 in West Berlin by the Berliner Festspiele.  Venues included Berliner Philharmonie, Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Volksbühne, Haus der Berliner Festspiele and the Jazzclubs Quasimodo and A-Trane.

The festival's mission has been "to document, support, and validate trends in jazz, and to mirror the diversity of creative musical activity.
2013 Paradise Jam
The 2013 Paradise Jam was an early-season men's and women's college basketball tournament. The tournament, which began in 2000, was part of the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season and 2013–14 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.  The tournament was played at the Sports and Fitness Center in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Maryland won the men's tournament, in the women's tournament Duke won the women's Island Division and Syracuse won the women's Reef Division.

2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 8, 2013 and ended with the 2014 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, whose Final Four was played at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, on April 5, 2014, followed by the national championship game on April 7.
Psophometer
In telecommunications, a psophometer is an instrument that measures the perceptible noise of a telephone circuit.

The core of the meter is based on a true RMS voltmeter, which measures the level of the noise signal. This was used for the first psophometers, in the 1930s. As the human-perceived level of noise is more important for telephony than their raw voltage, a modern psophometer incorporates a weighting network to represent this perception. The characteristics of the weighting network depend on the type of circuit under investigation, such as whether the circuit is used to normal speech standards (300 Hz – 3.3 kHz), or for high-fidelity broadcast-quality sound (50 Hz – 15 kHz).

High fidelity
High fidelity (hi-fi or, rarely, HiFi) is the high-quality reproduction of sound. It is popular with audiophiles and home audio enthusiasts. Ideally, high-fidelity equipment has inaudible noise and distortion, and a flat (neutral, uncolored) frequency response within the human hearing range.

High fidelity contrasts with the lower-quality lo-fi sound produced by inexpensive audio equipment, AM radio, or the inferior quality of sound reproduction that can be heard in recordings made until the late 1940s.
2009–10 Port Vila Premier League
The 2009–10 TVL Premier League or 2009–10 Port Vila Premier League is the 16th season of the Port Vila Premier League top division.

The top five of the league qualify for the 2010 VFF National Super League.

Amicale FC were champions and Seveners United and Westtan Broncos FC relegated to the 2010–11 TVL First Division.

Port Vila
Port Vila (/ˈviːlə/ VEE-lə; French: Port-Vila [pɔʁ vila]), or simply Vila (Bislama: [viˈla]), is the capital of Vanuatu and its largest city. It is on the island of Efate, in Shefa Province.

The population was 49,034 as of the 2020 census. This represented 16.3% of Vanuatu's total population in 2020.

Located on the east coast of the island of Efate, Port Vila is the economic and commercial centre of Vanuatu. The mayor is Jenny Regenvanu of the Land and Justice Party, the first woman to hold the position, elected in August 2024. Her deputy was Marie Louise Milne, of the Green Confederation, until the seat was vacated in January 2025.
Roman Pšurný
Roman Pšurný (born February 23, 1986) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He was selected by the New York Rangers in the 5th round (135th overall) of the 2004 NHL Entry Draft.

Pšurný played with HC České Budějovice in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season. He played previously for BK Mladá Boleslav, HC Hamé Zlín, HC Slovan Ústí nad Labem and SK Horácká Slavia Třebíč.

SK Horácká Slavia Třebíč
SK Horácká Slavia Třebíč is an ice hockey team in Třebíč, Czech Republic. They play in the Czech 1.liga, the second level of ice hockey in the country. The club was created in 1928.
Some notable NHL players were born in Třebíč and started their hockey career in this club: Patrik Eliáš, Martin Erat and Vladimír Sobotka.
Ficus dendrocida
Ficus dendrocida is a species of plants in the family Moraceae. It is a tree native to northern Brazil (Pará), Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela. It grows in tropical lowland rain forest up to 454 meters elevation.

Moraceae
Moraceae is a family of flowering plants comprising about 48 genera and over 1100 species, and is commonly known as the mulberry or fig family. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however, their distribution is cosmopolitan overall. The only common characteristics within the family are the presence of latex-producing glands in the leaves and stems, and milky sap in the soft tissues; but generally useful field characters include two carpels sometimes with one reduced, compound inconspicuous flowers, and compound fruits. The family includes well-known plants such as the common fig, breadfruit, jackfruit and mulberry. The 'flowers' of Moraceae are often pseudanthia (reduced inflorescences).
Rare Stone Museum
Rare Stone Museum (Thai: พิพิธภัณฑ์หินแปลก) is a museum at  29/2 Moo 1 Rangsit, Pathum Thani Road in Pathum Thani Province, north of Bangkok. It was previously at 1048–1054 Thanon Charoen Krun in Bang Rak District in Bangkok before it moved in 2008. The museum is privately owned by former businessman Khun Yanyong Lertnimit, a tailor of garments, and includes an extensive collection of items he has collected over the decades. The name of the museum "rare" refers to the shape of the stones rather than the type.

Pathum Thani province
Pathum Thani (Thai: ปทุมธานี, pronounced [pā.tʰūm tʰāːnīː]) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise): Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok, Chachoengsao, Bangkok, and Nonthaburi.

The province is north of Bangkok and is part of the Bangkok metropolitan area. In many places, the boundary between the two provinces is not noticeable as both sides of the boundary are equally urbanized. Pathum Thani town is the administrative seat, but Ban Rangsit, seat of Thanyaburi district, is the largest populated place in the province.

Pathum Thani is an old province, heavily populated by the Mon people, dotted with 186 temples and parks. The Dream World amusement park is here.
Sloane (given name)
Sloane or Sloan is a given name, a transferred use of the Irish surname O Sluaghadhán, meaning "descendant of Sluaghadhán". Sluaghadhán is an Irish diminutive form of the Irish name Sluaghadh, which means expedition or raid. The name has associations with the Sloane Rangers, a British subculture referring to the tastes and preferences of the stereotypical British upper middle class woman who lived at Sloane Square in West London.

West London
West London is the western part of London, England, north of the River Thames, west of the City of London, and extending to the Greater London boundary.

The term is used to differentiate the area from the other parts of London: Central London, North London, East London and South London. West London was part of the historic county of Middlesex.
Trinity (video game)
Trinity is an interactive fiction video game written by Brian Moriarty and published in 1986 by Infocom. It is widely regarded as one of the company's best works.

The plot blends historical and fantastic elements as part of a prose poem regarding the destructive power of the atomic bomb and the futile nature of war in the atomic age. The name refers to the Trinity test, the first nuclear explosion, which took place in July 1945. It is Infocom's twentieth game and the last game released by the company when it was solvent.

Neptune (mythology)
Neptune (Latin: Neptūnus [nɛpˈtuːnʊs]) is the god of freshwater and the sea in the Roman religion. He is the counterpart of the Greek god Poseidon. In the Greek-inspired tradition, he is a brother of Jupiter and Pluto, with whom he presides over the realms of heaven, the earthly world (including the underworld), and the seas. Salacia is his wife.

Depictions of Neptune in Roman mosaics, especially those in North Africa, were influenced by Hellenistic conventions. He was likely associated with freshwater springs before the sea; his festival, Neptunalia, took place on July 23, during the peak of summer when water was scarcest. Like Poseidon, he was also worshipped by the Romans as a god of horses, Neptunus equestris, who was also a patron of horse-racing.
The Inch, Dublin
The Inch is a cricket ground in Balrothery, County Dublin, Ireland.  The first recorded match on the ground was in 2001, when North County played The Hills.  In 2005, the ground hosted two List A matches in the 2005 ICC Trophy.  The first of these saw Denmark play the Netherlands, which resulted in a victory by six wickets for the Netherlands.  The second of these saw Oman play the United States, which resulted three wicket victory for Oman.

In 2011, it was one of the venues for the 2011 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup Qualifier.

Balrothery
Balrothery (Irish: Baile an Ridire, meaning 'Town of the Knight') is a village and civil parish located in Fingal, County Dublin, Ireland. The town has historically been called Baile Ruairí in Irish (Town of Ruairí).

The 2022 census population for Balrothery was 2,282.
Arnetta ellipsis
Arnetta ellipsis is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in northern, central and eastern Madagascar. The habitat consists of forest margins, cleared forests and anthropogenic environments.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.