hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lipocarpha occidentalis
Lipocarpha occidentalis, the Western halfchaff sedge, or Pacific halfchaff sedge, is a plant species native to western part of the United States but cultivated as an ornamental in other regions. It is widespread in California (in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts, the Central Valley, and the Redwood Country), with populations also reported from Oregon (Klamath County) and Washington state (Klickitat County).

Lipocarpha occidentalis is an annual herb up to 50 cm tall, forming clumps but not rhizomes. Culms are round in cross-section. Leaves are bristly, up to 3 cm long. Inflorescence an egg-shaped cluster of spikes; each spike with 2 scales, each scale subtending a hermaphroditic flower. Achenes are egg-shaped, up to 1 mm long.

Achene
An achene (/əˈkiːn/; from Ancient Greek  ἀ (a) 'privative' and  χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it.  In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.
Alberto del Canto
Alberto del Canto (c. 1547 – 1611), formally Alberto Vieira do Canto, was a Portuguese noble, military captain, and conquistador who explored northern Mexico, where he was the founder of several cities.

Cerralvo Municipality
Cerralvo, sometimes known as Ceralvo, is a municipality situated in the Mexican state of Nuevo León. Cerralvo is located in the northeastern region of Nuevo León, in the Gulf Coastal Plain and in the northeastern agricultural and ranching economic zone that also includes the municipalities of Agualeguas, General Treviño, Melchor Ocampo, and Parás. It borders the municipality of Agualeguas to the north, the municipality of Higueras to the west, the municipality of Doctor González to the southwest, the municipality of Los Ramones to the south, and the municipalities of Los Herreras, Melchor Ocampo, and General Treviño to the east.

The municipal seat of Cerralvo, Ciudad Cerralvo, is located at 26° 5' N, 99° 36' W, and is 345 meters above sea level.
Saglek Bay
Saglek Bay (or Saeglek Bay) is a long, narrow inlet or bay in Labrador. From its head to the sea it is about 36–41 miles (58–66 km) long. The mouth of the bay is roughly 13 miles wide, narrowing to 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to the east of Jens Haven Island. At this point, the bay becomes a set of branching fjords. In addition to Jens Haven Island, Saglek Bay is also home to Branagin Island, Rose Island, Upernavik Island, Shuldham Island, Handy Island, Big Island, and Kangalasiorvik Island, as well as several other small rocky islands and islets. Little vegetation is present in the bay, on islands or the mainland; however, some small stands of trees do exist, along with some solitary specimens in the fjords. Saglek Bay has been home to multiple groups since at least 2600 BCE.

Labrador
Labrador (/ˈlæbrədɔːr/) is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its population. It is separated from the island of Newfoundland by the Strait of Belle Isle. It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in the four Atlantic provinces.

Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula. It is bordered to the west and south by the province of Quebec. Labrador also shares a small land border with the territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island.

The indigenous peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern-Inuit of NunatuKavut, and the Innu of Nitassinan.
Glan (lake)
Glan (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɡlɑːn]) is a lake in Sweden, located in the province of Östergötland, more specifically within the municipalities of Finspång and Norrköping.

The lake has a depth of 22.6 meters (74 ft) and its area is 73.2 square kilometres (28.3 sq mi).  Many species of fish can be found in it, for instance perch, asp, blicca bjoerkna, common bream, zander, and northern pike. A fact that distinguishes Glan is that during the summer the temperature at the bottom stays relatively high, around 14°C. The lake is the main source of water for the city of Norrköping.

Zander
The zander (Sander lucioperca), sander or pikeperch, is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Percidae (which also includes perch, ruffe and darter). It is found in freshwater and brackish habitats in western Eurasia. As a popular game fish, it has been introduced to a variety of localities outside its native range. It is the type species of the genus Sander.
Refugee (charity album)
Refugee is a charity album curated by Scottish singer-songwriter Robin Adams. The album includes original song contributions from Bonnie Prince Billy, Linda Thompson, Ricky Ross, Alasdair Roberts, Richard Dawson, BMX Bandits, Kathryn Joseph, Robin Adams, and others.

The album was recorded to raise funds for the refugee crisis in its many forms, from Syria and beyond.  All proceeds raised by the album continue to go to MOAS (Migrant Offshore Aid Station).

BMX Bandits (band)
BMX Bandits are a Scottish guitar pop band formed in Bellshill in 1985. Led by songwriter and lead vocalist Duglas T. Stewart, their music is heavily influenced by 1960s pop and European composers such as Serge Gainsbourg, Ennio Morricone and Michel Legrand. They have shared members with numerous other local bands, including Teenage Fanclub and the Soup Dragons. BMX Bandits were a favourite band of Kurt Cobain, who said "If I could be in any other band, it would be BMX Bandits". In 2011, they were the subject of the documentary Serious Drugs: A Film About BMX Bandits.
Swan Island (band)
Swan Island was an American five-piece rock band from Portland, Oregon, United States. Their music was influenced by classic rock, new wave, progressive rock, and metal, as well as queercore bands from the Pacific Northwest.

The band was started in March 2004 by drummer Vincent Domini  (Menagerie/DJ Automaton) and guitarist Aubree Bernier-Clarke (Half-Seas-Over). They were soon joined by guitarist Torrence Stratton, vocalist Brisa Gonzalez, and bassist Bob E. Kendrick (Shemo and owner of 16 records). Swan Island performed with Sleater-Kinney, Mary Timony, LKN, The Gossip, Tracy and the Plastics, and others on the west coast. In the summer of 2006 they performed at the week-long Homo-A-Go-Go festival in Olympia, Washington. Many of the members of Swan Island have been involved with Rock and Roll Camp for Girls.

The band's records have been reviewed at Spin Magazine, AllMusic, and PopMatters.

Mary Timony
Mary Bozana Timony (born 1969 or 1970) is an American independent singer-songwriter, guitarist, keyboardist, bassist, and violist. She has been a member of the bands Helium, Autoclave, Wild Flag, and Hammered Hulls, and currently fronts Ex Hex.

Timony's music is often heavy and dark, frequently using drones, beats, and modal melodies reminiscent of European Medieval music. She uses a number of alternate guitar tunings, most prominent of which is DADGAE. Timony's influences include Wire, the Slits, Fugazi, and Television.

Her unique style has been cited as an influence amongst musicians such as Carrie Brownstein of Sleater-Kinney, Sadie Dupuis of Speedy Ortiz and many more. Rolling Stone ranked Timony at number 95 on their 2023 list of the 250 greatest guitarists of all time.
PUK insurgency
The PUK insurgency was a low-level rebellion of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) against Baathist Iraq from 1975 to 1979, following the defeat of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in the Second Iraqi–Kurdish War, which forced that organization to declare a ceasefire and move into exile in Iran. Due to lack of foreign support, the PUK guerrillas were only able to operate in the most remote parts of the mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan. During this period, the PUK plunged into a political crisis with the KDP, which led to heavy intra-Kurdish warfare, climaxing in 1977. After the insurgency, the PUK entered into an alliance with Iranian forces during the Iran–Iraq War, and were backed by Iran in the Kurdish rebellion of 1983.

Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan (Kurdish: باشووری کوردستان, romanized: Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of Greater Kurdistan in West Asia, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan). Much of the geographical and cultural region of Iraqi Kurdistan is part of the Kurdistan Region (KRI), a semi-autonomous region recognized by the Constitution of Iraq. As with the rest of Kurdistan, and unlike most of the rest of Iraq, the region is inland and mountainous.
Klaus Altena
Klaus Altena (born 19 November 1962) is a German lightweight rower. He won a gold medal at the 1989 World Rowing Championships in Bled, Slovenia and 1990 in Tasmania, Australia with the lightweight men's four.

He also keeps a record with the lightweight men's eight: 5:30.28 min.

Bled
Bled (pronounced [ˈbléːt] ⓘ; German: Veldes, in older sources also Feldes) is a town on Lake Bled in the Upper Carniolan region of northwestern Slovenia. It is one of Slovenia's most visited tourist destinations. The town is the administrative seat of the Municipality of Bled.
International Violin Competition Leopold Mozart in Augsburg
The International Violin Competition Leopold Mozart in Augsburg is an international violin competition, held every three years in commemoration of Leopold Mozart (1719–1787), the father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It is the goal of the competition to encourage  young violinists and to promote Augsburg's reputation as a German Mozart city. The competition is a member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC) in Geneva. It is run by the Leopold Mozart Board of Trustees in cooperation with the city of Augsburg and the Leopold Mozart Center of the University of Augsburg. Further partners are the Bavarian State Ministry for Science, Research and Art, the District of Swabia, Bavarian Radio and the University of Augsburg.

Leopold Mozart
Johann Georg Leopold Mozart (14 November 1719 – 28 May 1787) was a German composer, violinist, and music theorist. He is best known today as the father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and for his violin textbook Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule (1756).
Hebron Fangupo
Hebron "Loni" Fangupo (born July 19, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a nose tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He signed with the Houston Texans after going unselected in the 2012 NFL draft. He played college football for the BYU Cougars after he served a two-year Mormon mission in Philippines. Prior to BYU, he attended Mt. San Antonio College and Southern California.

He has been a member of the Kansas City Chiefs, Houston Texans, Seattle Seahawks, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Washington Redskins.

Mt. San Antonio College
Mt. San Antonio College (Mt. SAC) is a public community college in Walnut, California. It offers more than 400-degree and certificate programs, 36 support programs, and more than 50 student clubs and athletic programs, including food pantry, counseling, and tutoring. The college offers associate degrees, career education, community recreation courses, ESL, adult education, and youth summer programs.
Irrigation game
Irrigation games are cooperative games which model cost sharing problems on networks (more precisely, on rooted trees). The irrigation game is a transferable utility game assigned to a cost-tree problem. A common example of this cost-tree problems are the irrigation networks. The irrigation ditch is represented by a graph, its nodes are water users, the edges are sections of the ditch. There is a cost of maintaining the ditch (each section has an own maintenance cost), and we are looking for the fair division of the costs among the users. The irrigation games are  mentioned first by Aadland and Kolpin 1998, but the formal concept and the characterization of the game class is introduced by Márkus et al. 2011.

Transferable utility
Transferable utility is a concept in cooperative game theory and in economics. Utility is transferable if one player can losslessly transfer part of its utility to another player. Such transfers are possible if the players have a common currency that is valued equally by all. Note that being able to transfer cash payoffs does not imply that utility is transferable: wealthy and poor players may derive a different utility from the same amount of money.

Transferable utility is assumed in many cooperative games, where the payoffs are not given for individual players, but only for coalitions. In this case the assumption implies that irrespective of the division of the coalitional payoff, members of the coalition enjoy the same total utility.
31st General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The 31st General Assembly of Prince Edward Island was in session from March 27, 1890, to November 13, 1893. The Liberal Party led by Frederick Peters formed a government after the Conservatives lost their majority in the 1890 election.

There were four sessions of the 31st General Assembly:

Patrick Blake was elected speaker in 1890; after Blake resigned his seat in 1891, Bernard D. McLellan was chosen as speaker.

Prince Edward Island Liberal Party
The Prince Edward Island Liberal Party, officially the Prince Edward Island Liberal Association, is a political party in the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada.  It is one of the three parties currently represented in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, and along with its primary rival the Progressive Conservative Party of PEI, one of only two parties with continual presence in the provincial legislature since confederation.

The PEI Liberals has formed the government of Prince Edward Island for 90 of the approximately 160 years since PEI became a province of Canada.
Sun Yung Shin
Sun Yung Shin (born 1974) is a Korean American poet, writer, consultant, and educator living in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

She is the editor of "A Good Time for the Truth: Race in Minnesota" (Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2016), author of "The Wet Hex" (Coffee House Press 2022), "Unbearable Splendor" (Coffee House Press 2016), Rough, and Savage (Coffee House Press, 2012), Skirt Full of Black (Coffee House Press, 2007), and the bilingual (English/Korean) illustrated children's book Cooper's Lesson (Children's Book Press, imprint of Lee & Low Books). She was an editor with Jane Jeong Trenka and Julia Chinyere Oparah for Outsiders Within: Writing on Transracial Adoption (South End Press, 2006), the first international anthology on the politics of transracial adoption edited by transracial adoptees. Outsiders Within: Writing on Transracial Adoption was released in a Korean-language edition by KoRoot Press in Seoul, South Korea, in 2012.

University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)
The University of St. Thomas (also known as UST, simply St. Thomas or University of St. Thomas, Minnesota) is a private Catholic research university with campuses in Saint Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1885 as a Catholic seminary, it is named after Thomas Aquinas, the medieval Catholic theologian, philosopher, and patron saint of students. As of fall 2021, St. Thomas enrolled 9,347 students, making it Minnesota's largest private, nonprofit university.
Haven Creek (Ontario)
Haven Creek is a stream in the Unorganized Part of Kenora District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Hudson Bay drainage basin, is a left tributary of the Rostoul River, and is within Woodland Caribou Provincial Park.

Kenora District
Kenora District is a district and census division in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The district seat is the City of Kenora.

It is geographically the largest division in Ontario: at 407,213.01 square kilometres (157,225.82 sq mi), it covers 38 percent of the province's area, making it larger than Newfoundland and Labrador, and slightly smaller than Sweden or roughly the land size of California. Kenora District also has the lowest population density of any of Ontario's census divisions (it ranks 37th out of 50 by total population).

The district was created in 1907 from parts of Rainy River District. The northern part (north of the Albany River) only became part of Ontario in 1912 (transferred from the Northwest Territories). The separate Patricia District upon transfer, it was in 1937 annexed to Kenora District and known sometimes as the Patricia Portion.
Dance in Kiribati
Dance in Kiribati includes various styles unique to the island nation. The uniqueness of Kiribati dance when compared with other forms of Pacific Islands dance is its emphasis on the outstretched arms of the dancer and the sudden birdlike movement of the head. The Frigate bird (Fregata minor) on the Kiribati flag refers to this bird-like style of Kiribati dancing. Most dances are in the standing or sitting position with movement limited and staggered.

In 1963 Gerd Koch filmed on Tabiteuea traditional dances and songs of the ruoia series: the kawawa, the introductory song and dance; the kamei with a dance leader, the wan tarawa and the kabuakaka; and a bino song and dance complete with accompanying arm movements. Koch also filmed the song and dance of the kamei style from the ruoia dance series on Onotoa and the standing dance of the batere style that was accompanied by a choir of men and women and by drum beats. On Nonouti Koch filmed the stick dance of the tirere style.

Onotoa
Onotoa is an atoll of Kiribati. It is situated in the Gilbert Islands in the Pacific Ocean, 65 km (40 mi) from Tamana, the smallest island in the Gilberts. The population of Onotoa in the 2020 census was 1,417.

The atoll is similar to many other atolls in the Gilbert Islands with its continuous line of islets and islands on the eastern side. The western side consists of a submerged reef which surrounds the islet filled lagoon.
Randomized experiment
In science, randomized experiments are the experiments that allow the greatest reliability and validity of statistical estimates of treatment effects. Randomization-based inference is especially important in experimental design and in survey sampling.

Oscar Kempthorne
Oscar Kempthorne (January 31, 1919 – November 15, 2000) was a British statistician and geneticist known for his research on randomization-analysis and the design of experiments, which had wide influence on research in agriculture, genetics, and other areas of science.

Born in St Tudy, Cornwall and educated in England, Kempthorne moved to the United States, where he was for many decades a professor of statistics at Iowa State University.
McMahon ministry
The McMahon ministry (Liberal–Country Coalition) was the 46th ministry of the Australian Government. It was led by the country's 20th Prime Minister, William McMahon. The McMahon ministry succeeded the Second Gorton ministry, which dissolved on 10 March 1971 following the resignation of John Gorton as Prime Minister. The ministry was replaced by the First Whitlam ministry on 5 December 1972 following the federal election that took place on 2 December which saw Labor defeat the Coalition.

As of 1 May 2025, Ian Sinclair is the last surviving member of the McMahon ministry; Sinclair is also the last surviving minister of the Menzies, Holt, McEwen, and Gorton governments, as well as the First Fraser ministries. Tom Hughes was the last surviving Liberal minister, and Malcolm Fraser was the last surviving Liberal Cabinet minister. Tony Street was the last surviving assistant minister.

Menzies government (1949–1966)
The Menzies government (1949–1966) refers to the second period of federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies. It was made up of members of a Liberal–Country Party coalition in the Australian Parliament from 1949 to 1966. Menzies led the Liberal–Country Coalition to election victories in 1949, 1951, 1954, 1955, 1958, 1961 and 1963. Robert Menzies was Australia's longest serving prime minister. He had served a previous term as prime minister as leader of the United Australia Party from 1939 to 1941. Although he would retire in 1966, his party would remain in office until 1972, an unprecedented 23 years of government from nine consecutive election victories.
Andrew Shortridge
Andrew Shortridge (born April 26, 1995) is an American professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently an unrestricted free agent. He has played with the San Jose Barracuda and the Stockton Heat in the American Hockey League (AHL). He was an All-American for Quinnipiac.

San Jose Barracuda
The San Jose Barracuda are a professional ice hockey team based in San Jose, California. They are the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the National Hockey League (NHL)'s San Jose Sharks. The team has played its home games at Tech CU Arena since the 2022–23 season.

The Barracuda are a relocation of the former Worcester Sharks AHL franchise; it joined several other AHL franchises to form the AHL's Pacific Division in 2015.
Bundesautobahn 30
Bundesautobahn 30 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 30, short form Autobahn 30, abbreviated as BAB 30 or A 30) is a highway in northwestern Germany. It runs from west to east, starting at the Dutch border. On the border it connects with the Dutch A1 motorway, hence, the A 30 is part of the important European connection Berlin – Amsterdam. It is an important connection from Hannover and Minden to Osnabrück, Münster and the Netherlands, and part of European Route E 30.

Bad Oeynhausen
Bad Oeynhausen (German: [baːt ˈʔøːnˌhaʊ̯zn̩] ⓘ) is a spa town on the southern edge of the Wiehengebirge in the district of Minden-Lübbecke in the East-Westphalia-Lippe region of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The closest larger cities are Bielefeld (39 kilometres southwest) and Hanover (80 km east).
Archery at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's individual
The men's individual competition of the archery events at the 2015 Pan American Games will be held between July 14 and 18 at the Varsity Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is Brady Ellison of the United States.

Brady Ellison
Brady Ellison (born October 27, 1988) is an American archer who competes in recurve archery. He holds the record for the longest continuous period as the world number-one-ranked men's recurve archer, from August 2011 to April 2013.  He earned his nickname "The Prospector" during the 2015 world championships due to his proclivity for 'finding gold'.
Qtrax
QTRAX was an Israeli ad-supported digital music service that provides Downloads, Streaming and Radio via Mac and PC (and on Android and iOS from February 2015) that operated from 2008 to 2019. CEO Allan Klepfisz has stated that maintaining compensation for copyright holders while capturing part of the 95 percent marketshare that continues to download music illegally is the ambition behind Qtrax's current model.

Download
In computer networks, download means to receive data from a remote system, typically a server such as a web server, an FTP server, an email server, or other similar systems. This contrasts with uploading, where data is sent to a remote system.

A download is a file offered for downloading or that has been downloaded, or the process of receiving such a file.