hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lindmania
Lindmania is a genus of plants in the family Bromeliaceae. It is one of two genera in the subfamily Lindmanioideae, and contains 39 species. All but one of the known species are native to Venezuela, a few occurring in neighboring Guyana and northern Brazil.

The genus name is for Carl Axel Magnus Lindman, Swedish botanist (1856–1928).

Carl Axel Magnus Lindman
Carl Axel Magnus Lindman (6 April 1856 in Halmstad – 21 June 1928) was a Swedish botanist and botanical artist, the  son of Carl Christian Lindman and Sophie Fredrique Löhr. He is best known for his work "Bilder ur Nordens Flora" published 1901-1905.
Sir John Cowan, 1st Baronet, of London
Sir John Cowan, 1st Baronet (1774 – 22 October 1842) was a London chandler and Lord Mayor of London.

An alderman of Broad St Ward from 1831, he was also appointed Sheriff of the City of London for 1831 and elected Lord Mayor for 1837–38. In his year as Lord Mayor he hosted a visit of Queen Victoria to London and was made a baronet on 9 November 1837 in thanks.

He married Sophia, the daughter of James Mullett; they had no children. He died at his home in Forest Hill, south London on 22 October 1842, aged 68, and was buried in the catacombs of West Norwood Cemetery.

Lord mayor
Lord mayor is a title of a mayor of what is usually a major city in a Commonwealth realm, with special recognition bestowed by the sovereign. However, qualified forms of mayoral titles are also present in other countries, including forms such as "high mayor". Aldermen usually elect the lord mayor from their ranks.
Soucook River
The Soucook River is a 29.2-mile-long (47.0 km) river located in central New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Merrimack River, which flows to the Gulf of Maine.

The Soucook River begins at the outlet of Rocky Pond on the border between the towns of Canterbury and Loudon, New Hampshire. The river flows south through gently rolling terrain, soon entering Loudon and passing near the New Hampshire Motor Speedway. The river passes through the village proper of Loudon, crossing a small dam, and continues south along a more suburban corridor on the outskirts of Concord. The river forms the boundary between Concord and Pembroke and ends at the Merrimack River downstream from Garvins Falls.

There are extensive sand and gravel deposits filling the Soucook River valley, which has led to the creation of several large excavation operations close to the river. New Hampshire Route 106 parallels the river throughout its course, crossing the river four times.

Gulf of Maine
The Gulf of Maine is a large gulf of the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast of North America. It is bounded by Cape Cod at the eastern tip of Massachusetts in the southwest and by Cape Sable Island at the southern tip of Nova Scotia in the northeast. The gulf includes the entire coastlines of the U.S. states of New Hampshire and Maine, as well as Massachusetts north of Cape Cod, and the southern and western coastlines of the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, respectively.

The gulf was named for the adjoining English colonial Province of Maine, which was in turn likely named by early explorers after the province of Maine in France. Massachusetts Bay, Penobscot Bay, Passamaquoddy Bay, and the Bay of Fundy are all arms of the Gulf of Maine.
Nocera Umbra
Nocera Umbra is a town and comune in the province of Perugia, Italy, 15 kilometers north of Foligno, at an altitude of 520 m above sea-level. The comune, covering an area of 157.19 km2, is one of the largest in Umbria. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Arimannia
Arimannia (from Lombard ari-mann, "man of the army", that is "free man active in the army"; akin German "heer-mann") was - during the Lombard domination in Italy - a group of warriors directly subjected to the King.
The aim of an Arimannia was the defence of an important strategic point.

A free-born arimann was also called baro. The residence of a baro was called baronica or arimannia, his wife was a "freifrau" ( frea  or  wirdibora  = "dignified born"), a son from such a relationship was referred to as a "fully legitimate born" (fulboran).

Although documented only from the 8th century CE, the Arimannia is believed to have existed since the Lombard invasion of Italy.
Christopher Lloyd (world history author)
Christopher Lloyd (born 1 April 1968) is a historian, educationalist and author on Big History. He is the author of What on Earth Happened: The Complete Story of the Planet (Bloomsbury, 2008), which has sold 500,000 copies. Lloyd writes with a connected learning approach. With illustrator Andy Forshaw, Lloyd has created series' of Wallbooks, These attempt to present a broader view of world history and visualise connections between the past and the present day.

Lloyd gives talk at schools, literary festivals, universities, societies, museums, businesses and institutes on a variety of topics including cross-curricular integration, narrative journeys around each of his books as well as motivational lectures. He gave a TEDx conference lecture at Reading University in early 2015.

Science Museum, London
The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London. It was founded in 1857 and is one of the city's major tourist attractions, attracting 3.3 million visitors annually in 2019.

Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, the Science Museum does not charge visitors for admission, although visitors are requested to make a donation if they are able. Temporary exhibitions may incur an admission fee.

It is one of the five museums in the Science Museum Group.
Velos
Velos (Greek: Βέλος) is a Greek word meaning "arrow". It can refer to:

Greek destroyer Velos -  two destroyers that served in the Royal Hellenic Navy.

Blackburn Velos, a 1920s seaplane co-produced by Greece and Britain

Blackburn Velos
The Blackburn T.3 Velos was a 1920s British two-seat coastal defence seaplane designed by Blackburn Aeroplane & Motor Company Limited, Brough Aerodrome and constructed by the Greek National Aircraft Factory.
Basketball at the Islamic Solidarity Games
Basketball at the Islamic Solidarity Games is part of a multi-sport event held between nations from the Muslim world. The competition was played with a 5x5 format from the first edition in 2005 until 2013. Since 2017, it has been played as a 3x3 basketball event.

3x3 basketball
3x3 basketball (stylized as ƐX3, pronounced three-ex-three) is a variation of basketball played three-a-side, with one backboard and in a half-court setup. This basketball game format is currently being promoted and structured by FIBA, the sport's governing body. Its primary competition is an annual FIBA 3X3 World Tour, comprising a series of Masters and one Final tournament, and awarding six-figure prize money in US dollars. The FIBA 3x3 World Cups for men and women are the highest tournaments for national 3x3 teams. The 3x3 format has been adopted for both the Olympics and the Commonwealth Games.
St Mary's Church, Long Preston
St Mary's Church is the parish church of Long Preston, a village in North Yorkshire, in England.

There was a church in Long Preston at the time of the Domesday Book, but the current church was probably built in the late 14th century.  The chancel was largely rebuilt from 1867 to 1868, to a design by Thomas Healey.  The building was grade I listed in 1958.

The church is built of stone, with millstone grit dressings, and a stone slate roof. It consists of a nave, north and south aisles, a south porch, a chancel, north and south chapels, and a west tower. The tower has three stages, diagonal buttresses, a clock face on the west, two-light bell openings, and crocketed corner finials. The porch is gabled, and has a moulded entrance surround, a segmental pointed arch, a hood mould and a trefoil cross on the apex.  Inside, there is a late-17th century pulpit, a Romanesque font with a canopy dating from 1726, Minton tiles in the chancel, and some stained glass by Jean-Baptiste Capronnier.

Jean-Baptiste Capronnier
Jean-Baptiste Capronnier (1 February 1814 – 31 July 1891) was a Belgian stained glass painter. Born in Brussels in 1814, he had much to do with the modern revival of glass-painting, and first made his reputation by his study of the old methods of workmanship, and his clever restorations of old examples, and copies made for the Brussels archaeological museum. He carried out windows for various churches in Brussels (including the Église Royale Sainte-Marie), Bruges, Amsterdam, the UK and elsewhere, and his work was commissioned also for France, Italy and England. At the Paris Exhibition of 1855 he won the only medal given for glasspainting. He died in Schaerbeek in 1891.

Capronnier was also an entomologist specialising in Lepidoptera and he became a Member of the Royal Belgian Entomological Society.
Schmoo torte
Schmoo torte is a Canadian dessert. Although it is relatively popular and well-known nationwide, it is most famous in Western Canada, especially Manitoba. It is a torte with layered whipped cream, brown sugar, and nuts, commonly made using angel food or sponge cake.

Whipped cream
Whipped cream, also known as Chantilly cream or crème Chantilly (French: [kʁɛm ʃɑ̃tiji]), is high-fat dairy cream that is aerated by whisking until it becomes light, fluffy, and capable of holding its shape. This process incorporates air into the cream, creating a semi-solid colloid. It is commonly sweetened with white sugar and sometimes flavored with vanilla. Whipped cream is often served on desserts and hot beverages, and used as an ingredient in desserts.
Tremella wrightii
Tremella wrightii is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces light brown to orange-brown, lobed, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Cuba.

Broad-leaved tree
A broad-leaved, broad-leaf, or broadleaf tree is any tree within the diverse botanical group of angiosperms that has flat leaves and produces seeds inside of fruits. It is one of two general types of trees, the other being a conifer, a tree with needle-like or scale-like leaves and seeds borne in woody cones. Broad-leaved trees are sometimes known as hardwoods.

Most deciduous trees are broad-leaved, but some are coniferous, like larches.
Luozu station
Luozu station (simplified Chinese: 罗租; traditional Chinese: 羅租; pinyin: Luózū Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Lòjōu Jaahm), is a station on Line 13 of Shenzhen Metro. It opened 28 December 2025 and is located in Shiyan Subdistrict in Bao'an District.

Shenzhen Metro
The Shenzhen Metro (深圳地铁) is the rapid transit system of the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong Province, China. The newest lines and extensions which opened on December 27, 2024 put the network at 609.5 kilometres (378.7 miles) of trackage. It currently operates on 17 lines with 421 stations. Despite having only opened on December 28, 2004, the Shenzhen Metro is the 5th longest metro system in the world. By 2035, the network is planned to comprise 8 express and 24 non-express lines totaling 1,142 kilometres (710 miles) of trackage.
Time-Place learning
Time-place learning (TPL) is the process by which animals link events (e.g. finding food, encountering a predator) with both the location and time of occurrence. It enables them to decide which locations to visit or to avoid based on previous experience and knowledge of the current time of day. TPL presumably allows animals to maximize their chances of finding resources (food, mates) and avoiding predators, increasing survival chances. TPL requires spatial memory and a sense of time. The latter may be based on external time-cues (Zeitgebers), or internally generated circadian rhythms ("biological clock"). TPL may fundamentally underlie episodic memory.

Zeitgeber
A zeitgeber (/ˈ(t)saɪtɡeɪbər, ˈzaɪt-/ (T)SYTE-gay-bər, ZYTE-, German: [ˈtsaɪtˌɡeːbɐ]) is any external or environmental cue that entrains or synchronizes an organism's biological rhythms, usually naturally occurring and serving to entrain to the Earth's 24-hour light/dark and 12-month cycles.
Swaythling and Bassett Covenant of Churches
The Swaythling and Bassett Covenant of Churches is an ecumenical group made up of the following churches:

All Saints' Church, Bassett

Church of the Immaculate Conception

Swaythling Baptist Church

Swaythling Methodist Church, Burgess Road

St. Alban's, Burgess Road

St. Mary's, South Stoneham

St. Nicolas', North Stoneham

St. Michael and All Angels, Bassett Avenue

Bassett and Swaythling are districts of Southampton.

Bassett, Southampton
Bassett is a suburb and electoral ward of the City of Southampton, England. The suburb lies to the north of the city centre and gives its name to part of the A33 arterial road which links the city centre to the M3, described by Pevsner & Lloyd as "part of the splendid tree-lined route into Southampton from Winchester, London and the north". The highest point in the City of Southampton (its "county top") lies on Bassett Avenue at a height of 82 metres (269 ft) above sea level.

Bassett Ward comprises Bassett, Bassett Green and Lordswood. It had a population of 14,532 at the 2011 census.
Cylindrocline lorencei
Cylindrocline lorencei is a small tree that was native to the island of Mauritius, with only one specimen ever observed in the wild. By 1990 the species was considered extinct, and the only available seed could not be germinated. Brest Botanic Gardens successfully performed in vitro culture of a viable part of the seed embryo, saving the plant from extinction. Through further vegetative propagation at Brest and Kew Botanic Gardens, a small population of Cylindrocline lorencei has been grown and efforts are now underway to re-establish it in its native habitat.

Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is a form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or  specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.

Many plants naturally reproduce this way, but it can also be induced artificially. Horticulturists have developed asexual propagation techniques that use vegetative propagules to replicate plants. Success rates and difficulty of propagation vary greatly.  Monocotyledons typically lack a vascular cambium, making them more challenging to propagate.
Japanese submarine I-48
I-48 (伊48) was the eighth Type C cruiser submarines built for the Imperial Japanese Navy. Commissioned in September 1944, she operated as a kaiten manned suicide attack torpedo carrier during World War II and was sunk in January 1945. It is sometimes considered as part of a sub-class the Type C due to the various designs variations of the latter batch.

Type C submarine
The Cruiser submarine Type-C (巡潜丙型潜水艦, Junsen Hei-gata sensuikan) was one of the first classes of submarine in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) to serve during the Second World War. Type-C submarines were better armed than the Type-A and Type-B. The Type-Cs were also utilized as Kō-hyōteki or Kaiten mother ships, for this reason they were not equipped with aviation facilities.
David A. Salmon
David Aden Salmon (1879 – March 15, 1960) was a career government functionary in the U.S. Department of War and the U.S. Department of State. In 1931, Salmon rose to head the State Department's Bureau of Indexes and Archives, a department with over 150 employees at the time. In 2008 Cold War historian John Earl Haynes identified Salmon as "Willy", a codename for a Soviet agent, followed by a 2009 book which argued that Salmon was, from 1934 until early 1937, a paid source of classified diplomatic and military information which ended in the hands of Soviet intelligence. This identification has been challenged by at least one historian specializing in espionage history.

Alexander Vassiliev
Alexander Yuryevich Vassiliev (Russian: Александр Юрьевич Васильев; born 1962) is a Russian-British journalist, writer and espionage historian living in London who is a subject matter expert in the Soviet KGB and Russian SVR. A former officer in the Soviet Committee for State Security (KGB), he is known for his two books based upon KGB archival documents: Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America, co-authored with John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, and The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America: the Stalin Era, co-authored with Allen Weinstein.
Raja Toumi
Raja Toumi (born 3 April 1978) is a Tunisian handball player. She is coaching for Orkanger IF and previously for the Tunisian national team.

She was captain for the Tunisian team at the 2009 World Women's Handball Championship in China, where Tunisia placed 14th.

2009 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2009 World Women's Handball Championship was the 19th edition, second to take place outside Europe, of the international championship tournament in women's team sport handball that is governed by the International Handball Federation (IHF). China hosted the event from 5–20 December 2009. Russia successfully contested France in the final, their fourth title.
Luke Pretorius
Luke Pretorius is a South African Anglican bishop: he has been the
Bishop of St Mark the Evangelist, a diocese of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa (ACSA), since 2019.

Pretorious was educated at was educated at St Paul's Theological College and ordained in 1990. He served his title at Greytown, KwaZulu-Natal. After that he was REctor of St. Mary's Richmond, KwaZulu-Natal. He was then the incumbent at Letaba and Archdeacon of  Mopani. In May 2011 he became Dean of Christ Church Cathedral, Polokwane.

College of the Transfiguration
The College of the Transfiguration in Makhanda, Eastern Cape, is the only provincial residential college of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa, offering a contextual approach to theology studies.

The college opened in 1993, following the amalgamation of the colleges of St Bede's, Mthatha and St Paul's, Grahamstown. Although the buildings and location were inherited from St Paul's, the college's growth has been marked by the spirit, motives and perceptions that sustained both former colleges.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 293
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 293 (P. Oxy. 293 or P. Oxy. II 293) is a fragment of a Letter to a Sister, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was written at 15 November 27. Currently it is housed in the library of the Columbia University (Rare Book & Manuscript Library) in New York City.

Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (/ˌɒksɪˈrɪŋkəs/ OK-sih-RINK-əs; Ancient Greek: Ὀξύῤῥυγχος, romanized: Oxýrrhynkhos, lit. 'sharp-nosed', Koine Greek: [okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]; Ancient Egyptian: pr mꜥḏ; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ or ⲡⲙ̅ϫⲏ, romanized: Pemdje), also known by its modern name Al-Bahnasa (Arabic: البهنسا, romanized: el-Bahnasa), is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an important  archaeological site. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
Erich Karkoschka
Erich Karkoschka (born 1955) is a planetary researcher at the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory of the University of Arizona. He discovered a satellite of Uranus, S/1986 U 10 (later named Perdita) on photographs taken by the Voyager 2 spacecraft. He has assembled a number of movies including: the Huygens landing on the moon Titan, the seasonal patterns on Uranus, and a rare triple eclipse on Jupiter. The Jupiter and Uranus images were released as US postage stamps in 2016.

His book, The Observer's Sky Atlas, has been translated into several languages as a resource for those interested in observing the sky.

An asteroid, 30786 Karkoschka (1988 QC), is named in his honour.

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
The Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL) is a research center for planetary science located in Tucson, Arizona.  It is also a graduate school, constituting the Department of Planetary Sciences at the University of Arizona.  LPL is one of the world's largest programs dedicated exclusively to planetary science in a university setting. The Lunar and Planetary Lab collection is held at the University of Arizona Special Collections Library.
Glen View South
Glen View South is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, comprising the southern portion of the Glen View suburb of Harare. It was created in 2008 from the old Glen View constituency, along with Glen View North.

Its MP since a 7 September 2019 by-election was Vincent Tsvangirai of the MDC Alliance, son of the late opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai. He replaced his sister, Vimbai Tsvangirai-Java, who died on 10 June 2019. The latest MP since the 2023 election was Grandmore Hakata of the Citizens Coalition for Change who died on the 23rd of January 2025.

Parliament of Zimbabwe
The Parliament of Zimbabwe is the bicameral legislature of Zimbabwe composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Senate is the upper house, and consists of 80 members, 60 of whom are elected by proportional representation from ten six-member constituencies corresponding to the country's provinces. Of the remaining 20 seats, 18 are reserved for chiefs, and two for people with disabilities. The National Assembly is the lower house, and consists of 280 members. Of these, 210 are elected from single-member constituencies. The remaining 70 seats are reserved women's and youth quotas: 60 for women; 10 for youth. These are elected by proportional representation from ten six-member and one-member constituencies respectively, corresponding to the country's provinces.

Formerly based at Parliament House, Harare, the parliament moved to the New Zimbabwe Parliament Building in October 2023. The new building has 650 seats, which will allow the parliament to expand.
John Fleming (Australian priest)
John Irving Fleming is an Australian priest and bioethicist. He was the founding president of Campion College. Fleming was originally an Anglican priest but later became a Roman Catholic priest. He is currently suspended from public ministry and is living in retirement in South Australia.

Bioethics
Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies. It proposes the discussion about moral discernment in society (what decisions are "good" or "bad" and why) and it is often related to medical policy and practice, but also to broader questions as environment, well-being and public health. Bioethics is concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, theology and philosophy. It includes the study of values relating to primary care, other branches of medicine ("the ethics of the ordinary"), ethical education in science, animal, and environmental ethics, and public health.