hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Platte Canyon
The Platte Canyon is a deep, narrow, scenic gorge on the South Platte River in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. The canyon is  southwest of Denver in Douglas County The canyon is at the entrance to the mountains, where the South Platte emerges through the Rampart Range through the hogbacks onto  Eastern Plains.  The lower narrow section is sometimes called Waterton Canyon, referring to Waterton, Colorado.

South Park (Park County, Colorado)
South Park is a grassland flat within the basin formed by the Rocky Mountains' Mosquito and Rampart Mountain Ranges within central Colorado. This high valley ranges in elevation from approximately 9,000 to 10,000 ft (3,000 m).  It encompasses approximately 1,000 square miles (2,590 km2 or 640,000 acres) around the headwaters of the South Platte River in Park County approximately 60 mi (100 km) southwest of Denver. It is the largest and southernmost of three similarly named high elevation basins in the Front Range of Colorado, the others being North Park and Middle Park. The largest town in the basin is Fairplay, with a population of 724.
Local Testimony
Local Testimony (Hebrew: Edut Mekomit) is the annual exhibition for photojournalism and documentary photography in Israel, displayed since 2003. The exhibition presents selected images documenting central events that occurred in the region in the fields of news, society and community, religion and faith, culture and urbanism, nature and environment, and sports. Israeli and Palestinian photographers participate in the exhibition, as well as foreign photographers based in Israel. Since 2009, the exhibition has been held at MUZA – Eretz Israel Museum in Tel Aviv, attracting tens of thousands of visitors annually.

Documentary photography
Documentary photography usually refers to a popular form of photography used to chronicle events or environments both significant and relevant to history and historical events as well as everyday life. It is typically undertaken as professional photojournalism, or real-life reportage, but it may also be an amateur, artistic, or academic pursuit. Social documentary photography aims to draw the public's attention to social issues or to the life of underprivileged people.
Cort Guitars
Cort Guitars (Cor-Tek Corporation) is a South Korean guitar manufacturing company located in Seoul. The company is one of the largest guitar makers in the world, and produces instruments for many other companies. It also has factories in Indonesia and China.

Products manufactured by Cort include electric, acoustic and classical guitars, basses, and ukuleles.

PRS Guitars
Paul Reed Smith Guitars, also known as PRS Guitars or simply PRS, is an American guitar and amplifier manufacturer founded by Paul Reed Smith in 1985 in Annapolis, Maryland.  After dropping out of college, Smith began making guitars by hand and found early customers like Peter Frampton and Carlos Santana.  Smith achieved wider success with his namesake company's first production model, the Custom, and the ornate Dragon series.  PRS has continued to expand its product line with models like the vintage-inspired McCarty, affordable SE range, and signature models for players including Santana, Mark Tremonti, and John Mayer.  PRS also produces acoustic guitars, basses, and amplifiers.  By 2024, PRS had become the third best-selling guitar brand behind Fender and Gibson. The company is currently based in Stevensville, Maryland.
Chakluk
Chakluk (Meitei: ꯆꯥꯛꯂꯨꯛ; /chaak-look/) or Chaakluk is a Meitei traditional dish. It is common among the Meitei people (alias Manipuri ethnicity) in Manipur, Assam, Tripura of Northeast India as well as in Bangladesh and Myanmar.

Meitei people in Bangladesh
Meitei people (Meitei: ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ), also known as Manipuri people (Meitei: ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ), is one of the minority ethnic groups of Bangladesh. They live mostly in the Sylhet Division of the country. The Meitei of Bangladesh's population reached 15,000 in 2020
The Letter for the King (film)
The Letter for the King (Dutch: De Brief voor de Koning, pronounced [də ˈbri foːr də ˈkoːnɪŋ]) is a 2008 Dutch adventure film written by Maarten Lebens and Pieter Verhoeff and directed by Verhoeff.

The film is based on the 1962 book of the same name by Dutch writer Tonke Dragt. In 1963 the book won the Dutch award Best Youth Book of the Year; in 2004 it was named the Best Youth Book of the past 50 years. Over a million copies of the book have been sold to date.

The filming of The Letter for the King took place from November 2007 till early March 2008, on locations in Germany (Eisenach and Engelskirchen), Luxembourg (Vianden), Belgium and the Netherlands.
A 6 part TV adaptation of the novel also exists (2020), with significant plot differences.

Engelskirchen
Engelskirchen (German pronunciation: [ɛŋl̩sˈkɪʁçn̩], lit. 'angel’s churches') is a municipality in Oberbergischer Kreis, Germany in North Rhine-Westphalia, about 40 kilometres (25 miles) east of Cologne. The neighbouring municipalities are (clockwise from the west) Overath, Lindlar, Gummersbach, Wiehl and Much.
Tropidonophis aenigmaticus
Tropidonophis aenigmaticus, also known commonly as the East Papuan keelback, is a species of  snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The species is native to Papua New Guinea including Fergusson Island.

Colubridae
Colubridae (/kəˈluːbrɪdiː/, commonly known as colubrids /ˈkɒljʊbrɪdz/, from Latin: coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Pietà (Filippo Lippi, Milan)
The Pietà is a 1437–1439 tempera on panel painting by Filippo Lippi, now in the Museo Poldi Pezzoli in Milan.

It probably formed part of a small altarpiece for private devotion and draws on the low relief of the sculpture style of Donatello. It is theorised that the work was the painting Giorgio Vasari mentions as Lippi produced for Cosimo the Elder as a gift for Pope Eugene IV, who was then living in Florence.

Cosimo de' Medici
Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici (27 September 1389 – 1 August 1464) was an Italian banker and politician who became the de facto first ruler of Florence during the Italian Renaissance, establishing the Medici family as its effective leaders for generations. His power derived from his wealth as a banker and intermarriage with other rich and powerful families. He was a patron of arts, learning, and architecture. He spent over 600,000 gold florins (approx. $500 million inflation adjusted) on art and culture, including Donatello's David, the first freestanding nude male sculpture since antiquity.

Despite his influence, his power was not absolute; he was viewed by fellow Florentine politicians as first among equals rather than an autocrat. Florence's legislative councils resisted his proposals throughout his political career, even sending him into exile from 1433 to 1434.
Ali Jedo
Ali Jedo (died 1846 or 1849), was the first Amir al-jaish al-Islam (supreme commander of the army or Sarkin Yaƙi) of the Sokoto Caliphate. Prior to the jihad, he was the leader of the Fulbe of Konni in modern-day Sokoto State.

Sokoto State
Sokoto Listenⓘ (Hausa: Jihar Sakkwato; Fula: 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤧𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮𞥅, Leydi Sokoto) is one of the 36 states of Nigeria, located in the extreme northwest of the country. It is bounded by Republic of the Niger to the north and west for 363 km (226 miles), and the states of Zamfara to the east, and Kebbi to the south and west, partly across the Ka River. Its capital and largest city is the city of Sokoto. Sokoto is located near to the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River. As of 2022 it has an estimated population of more than 6.3 million.

Being the seat of the former Sokoto Caliphate, the city is predominantly Muslim and an important seat of Islamic learning in Nigeria. The Sultan who heads the caliphate is effectively the spiritual leader of Nigerian Muslims.
Vogelinsel (Lake Constance)
The Vogelinsel is an island in Lake Constance with an area of around 600 square metres. It lies around 230 metres northwest of the mouth of the Leiblach opposite the Gemarkung of Reutin of the town of Lindau. On the island is the red mole beacon at the harbour entrance of the marina in Lindau-Zech. The island has been designated as a bird reserve.

According to BayernAtlas, the Vogelinsel does not belong to any plot of land or any Gemarkung and thus does not belong to the borough of Lindau. It is therefore not incorporated, but nevertheless is part of German territory, as it lies within the Halde, the area of Lake Constance up to a water depth of 25 metres.

Mole (architecture)
A mole is a massive structure, usually of stone, used as a pier, breakwater, or causeway separating two bodies of water.  A mole may have a wooden structure built on top, resembling a wooden pier.  However, the defining feature of a mole is that water cannot freely flow underneath it, unlike a true pier. The oldest known mole is at Wadi al-Jarf, an ancient Egyptian harbor complex on the Red Sea, constructed c. 2500 BCE.

The word comes from Middle French mole, ultimately from Latin mōlēs, referring to a large mass, especially of rock. The words molecule and mole (the unit of measurement in chemistry) have the same root.
Reg Cook
Reginald Frederick Cook (11 August 1913 – 29 July 1954) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in four first-class matches for Canterbury from 1942 to 1949.

Cook was a leg-spin bowler. His best first-class figures for Canterbury were 4 for 41 against the touring Fijian team in March 1948. He had a long career with the Old Boys club in senior Christchurch cricket, holding the club's wicket-taking record with 552 wickets. In one afternoon's play in November 1946 he took 14 wickets for 88 from 44 overs.

Cook worked on the grain and seed staff of Dalgety in Christchurch and Ashburton. He then took up farming at Rakaia, near Ashburton, where he died suddenly in July 1954, aged 40, leaving his wife Peggy and their two young sons.

Canterbury cricket team
Canterbury is a first-class cricket team based in Canterbury, New Zealand. It is one of six teams that compete in senior New Zealand Cricket competitions and has been the second most successful domestic team in New Zealand history. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition and The Ford Trophy one day competition as well as in the Men's Super Smash competition as the Canterbury Kings.
Holdsworth fracture
In medicine the Holdsworth fracture is an unstable fracture dislocation of the thoraco lumbar junction of the spine. The injury comprises a fracture through a vertebral body, rupture of the posterior spinal ligaments and fractures of the facet joints.

The injury was described by Frank Wild Holdsworth in 1963. He described the mechanism of this injury as a flexion-rotation injury, and said that the unstable fracture dislocation should be treated by fusion of the two affected vertebrae.

Facet joint
The facet joints (also zygapophysial joints, zygapophyseal, apophyseal, or Z-joints) are a set of synovial, plane joints between the articular processes of two adjacent vertebrae.  There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment and each facet joint is innervated by the recurrent meningeal nerves.
2017 Scottish Open (snooker)
The 2017 Scottish Open (officially the 2017 Dafabet Scottish Open) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place from 11 to 17 December 2017 at the Emirates Arena in Glasgow, Scotland. It was the twelfth ranking event of the 2017/2018 season and a part of the Home Nations Series.

Marco Fu was the defending champion, but he lost 4–3 to Xiao Guodong in the last 16.

Neil Robertson won the tournament, coming from 4–8 down to win 9–8 in the final against Cao Yupeng. Aside from making it to the final, Cao also made the tournament's highest break, his first professional maximum in the third frame of his first round match against Andrew Higginson.

Cao Yupeng
Cao Yupeng (Chinese: 曹宇鹏; born 27 October 1990) is a Chinese professional snooker player. He won the 2011 Asian Under-21 Championship, thus qualifying for the professional main tour for the 2011–12 season. In his first season on the circuit, he reached the last 16 of the World Championship.

He served a ban for match-fixing from 25 May 2018 until 24 November 2020. He received the ban on 1 December 2018, after pleading guilty to manipulating the outcome of matches.
Miina
Miina is an Estonian and Finnish feminine given name.

People named Miina include:

Miina Äkkijyrkkä (born 1949), Finnish artist

Miina Härma (1864–1941), Estonian composer

Miina Kallas (born 1989), Estonian football player

Miina Turunen (born 1973), Finnish actress

Miina Härma
Miina Härma (née Hermann; 9 February 1864 – 16 November 1941) was an Estonian composer, organist, choir director, and music teacher, known for being Estonia's first professional female composer and organist.
Grrr Live!
Grrr Live! is a live album and concert film by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released on 10 February 2023. It was recorded on 15 December 2012 at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey as part of the band's 50 & Counting tour, in support of the GRRR! compilation released that year.

It was originally broadcast as the pay-per-view 2012 concert film One More Shot: The Rolling Stones Live before being remixed and re-edited. The concert features guest appearances from Lady Gaga, John Mayer, Gary Clark Jr. The Black Keys, Bruce Springsteen and former Stones guitarist Mick Taylor. Aside from its digital release, the album was released in four physical formats: 3×LP, 2×CD+Blu-ray, 2×CD+DVD and 2×CD. The 2×CD makes an error on the back case, noting "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" as Track 12, when it's track 10, with no track 12 on the disc.

50 & Counting
50 & Counting was a concert tour by the Rolling Stones to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the band, which started in October 2012 with two secret club gigs in Paris, and ended in July 2013 with two major shows at Hyde Park.
Shadow Brook
Shadow Brook, also known as East Springfield Brook, is a river in northern Otsego County in the U.S. State of New York. It begins north-northeast of the Hamlet of East Springfield, and flows into Otsego Lake south-southeast of the Hamlet of Springfield Center, near Glimmerglass State Park. It is the largest watershed in the Otsego Lake basin.

Springfield Center, New York
Springfield Center is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in the town of Springfield, Otsego County, New York, United States. According to the 2010 US census, The location of Springfield Center had a population of 402. Springfield Center is located on New York State Route 80, 9.2 miles (14.8 km) north-northeast of the Village of Cooperstown. Springfield Center has a post office with ZIP code 13468, which opened on July 16, 1850.

The Springfield Center Elementary School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011, the St. Mary's Episcopal Church Complex in 2015, and the Warren Ferris House in 2016.
M5 cycleway
The M5 cycleway is a predominantly on road 32-kilometre-long (20 mi) cycleway generally aligned with the M5 motorway in south-western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The eastern terminus of the cycleway is in Arncliffe where it connects with the Cooks River cycleway.  The southwestern terminus of the cycleway is in Prestons where is connects with the M7 cycleway. The cycleway does not have a separate cycle lane or path, instead cyclists use the breakdown lane.

Cycling in the M5 East Tunnel is prohibited.

Cycling infrastructure
Cycling infrastructure is all infrastructure cyclists are allowed to use. Bikeways include bike paths, bike lanes, cycle tracks, rail trails and, where permitted, sidewalks. Roads used by motorists are also cycling infrastructure, except where cyclists are barred such as many freeways/motorways. It includes amenities such as bike racks for parking, shelters, service centers and specialized traffic signs and signals. The more cycling infrastructure there is, the more people travel by bicycle.

Good road design, road maintenance and traffic management can make cycling safer and more useful. Settlements with a dense network of interconnected streets tend to be places for getting around by bike. Their cycling networks can give people direct, fast, easy and convenient routes.
Frank Moser (artist)
Frank Moser (1886 – October 1, 1964) was an American artist, illustrator and film director who co-founded Terrytoons, the animation studio. Between 1916 and 1937, he directed 202 films. He died in Dobbs Ferry Hospital at the age of 78.

1937 in film
The year 1937 in film involved some significant events, including the Walt Disney production of the first American full-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Jean Harlow's final movie, Saratoga, was domestically the year's top grossing film but internationally, Maytime surpassed it with initial box office of over 4 million dollars.
High Rock Range
The High Rock Range is a mountain range of the Canadian Rockies in southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia, Canada.

It is a part of the Southern Continental Ranges and is located on the Continental Divide, north of the Crowsnest Pass and south of the Highwood Pass. It lies partly within Kananaskis Country.

The Misty Range and the Greenhills Range are subdivisions of the High Rock.

The High Rock Range covers a surface area of 2,172 km2 (838 mi2), has a length of 117 km (73 mi) (from north to south) and a width of 37 km (23 mi).

Crowsnest Pass
Crowsnest Pass (sometimes referred to as Crow's Nest Pass, French: col du Nid-de-Corbeau) is a low mountain pass across the Continental Divide of the Canadian Rockies on the Alberta–British Columbia border.
Najjar Kola, Babol
Najjar Kola (Persian: نجاركلا, also Romanized as Najjār Kolā; also known as Najjār) is a village in Gatab-e Shomali Rural District, Gatab District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 391, in 86 families.

Babol County
Babol County(Persian: شهرستان بابل) is the most populous county in Mazandaran province and the second most populous county in northern Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Babol. Babol County consists of six districts, seven cities, and nearly 700 villages.

The elevation of the city of Babol is 2 meters below sea level, making it the "lowest" city in Mazandaran province. The elevation in the county, from the north to 10 kilometers south, is below sea level. The city of Babol is divided into two urban areas. The population of Babol in 2016 was 250,217, and that of Babol County 531,930.
Takidan-ji
Takidan-ji  (瀧谷寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the city of Sakai, Fukui, Japan, in the Hokuriku region of Japan.  It belongs to the Shingon-shū Chizan-ha sectIts main image is a statue of Yakushi Nyōrai, which the temple claims was carved by the Nara period shugendō monk Taichō. The temple is noted for its Japanese garden, which has been designated as a National Place of Scenic Beauty.

Honzon
Honzon (本尊, "fundamental honored [one]"), sometimes referred to as a Gohonzon (ご本尊 or 御本尊), is the enshrined main image or principal deity in Japanese Buddhism.  The buddha, bodhisattva, or mandala image is located in either a temple or a household butsudan.

The image can be either a statue or a small scroll and varies from sect to sect. It can be a singular image or a group of images; the honzon in the main (hondō) or treasure (kondō) hall of the temple can be for that particular hall or the entire temple complex.  Sometimes honzon is the central image (chūson) of a cluster of three (sanzonbutsu) or five (goson) images.

The physical creation of an icon is followed by a consecration ceremony (known as kaigen, literally 'opening the eyes' or 'dotting the eyes'). It is believed this transforms the honzon into a 'vessel' of the deity which in its own right has power.
Upton Pyne
Upton Pyne is a parish and village in Devon, England. The parish lies just north west of Exeter, mainly between the River Exe and River Creedy. The village is located north of Cowley and west of Brampford Speke and Stoke Canon. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 540, which was slightly more than the 483 recorded at the 2011 census.

River Exe
The River Exe (/ˈɛks/ EKS) is a river in England that rises at Exe Head, near the village of Simonsbath, on Exmoor in Somerset, 5.2 miles (8.4 km) from the Bristol Channel coast, but flows more or less directly due south, so that most of its length lies in Devon. It flows for 60 miles (96 km) and reaches the sea at a substantial ria, the Exe Estuary, on the south (English Channel) coast of Devon.  Historically, its lowest bridging point was the Old Exe Bridge in Exeter, the largest settlement on the river, but there is now a viaduct for the M5 motorway about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the city centre.
Ludwig Engländer
Ludwig Engländer (October 20, 1853 Vienna, Austrian Empire – September 13, 1914) was an Austrian Empire-born American composer of more than 30 musicals.

He was born in Vienna, Austrian Empire.  According to his obituary in The New York Times, he had studied with Jacques Offenbach.  He immigrated to New York City on October 13, 1882, and became a naturalized American citizen on February 13, 1891.

By the 1890s Engländer was composing prolifically, either for the New York stage, or popular songs (many of which were interpolated into various other productions including A Trip to Chinatown. Already by 1903 he had come in for criticism of his Teutonic sound. Perhaps for that reason he occasionally returned to Vienna near the end of his life to write musicals for that audience. The year before he died he is listed as having residence in Vienna.

At the time of his death he was living in Far Rockaway, Queens, with his sister.

Far Rockaway
Far Rockaway is a neighborhood on the eastern part of the Rockaway peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens. It is the easternmost section of the Rockaways. The neighborhood extends from Beach 32nd Street east to the Nassau  County line. Its southern boundary is the Atlantic Ocean; it is one of the neighborhoods along Rockaway Beach.

Far Rockaway is located in Queens Community District 14 and its ZIP Codes are 11691 and  11693. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 101st Precinct.
Vladimir Kashin
Vladimir Ivanovich Kashin (Russian: Владимир Иванович Кашин; born 10 August 1948) is a Russian politician who served as a deputy for the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the 7th State Duma of the Russian Federation. He served as head of the committee on Agrarian Issues. Doctor of Sciences (1970), Academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (since 1997), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 2013). Laureate of the Prize of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union and the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation. Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation (2009).

He graduated from the P.A. Kostychev Ryazan State Agrotechnological University in 1971. In 1976, he defended his Candidate's Dissertation. In 1994, he defended his doctoral dissertation.

Kashin is the author of more than 150 scientific papers.

Kashin was sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Candidate of Sciences
A Candidate of Sciences is a PhD-equivalent academic research degree established by the Soviet Union. Since the 1990s, it has been replaced by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in many post-soviet Central and Eastern European countries, but is still offered in others, particularly Russia. It is officially classified by UNESCO as ISCED level 8: doctoral or equivalent. In countries that confer a Candidate of Sciences degree, a more advanced degree, Doctor of Sciences, is usually conferred as a higher doctorate.

The Candidate of Sciences degree may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries.