hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Notre-Dame-des-Pins
Notre-Dame-des-Pins (French pronunciation: [nɔtʁə dam de pɛ̃]) is a parish municipality in the Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. Its population is 1,812 as of the Canada 2021 Census.

Notre-Dame-des-Pins is known for its covered bridge crossing the Chaudière River. Built in 1928 and opened in 1929, it is 146 m long. It is the longest of its kind in Quebec and the second longest in Canada.

Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality
Beauce-Sartigan is a regional county municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada.  The county seat is Saint-Georges.

The Chaudière River flows through it.  It shares its eastern border with Maine, United States.

The name of the RCM is linked to the historical region of which it is part, Beauce. Sartigan is a distortion of Mechatigan (or Msakkikhan), the name given to the Chaudière River by the native Abenakis.
Fórum Internacional Software Livre
Fórum Internacional de Software Livre (FISL) (International Free Software Forum) was an event sponsored by Associação SoftwareLivre.org (Free Software Association), a Brazilian NGO that, among other goals, seeks the promotion and adoption of free software. It took place in Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul.

The event was meant as a "get-together" of students, researchers, social movements for freedom of information, entrepreneurs, Information Technology (IT) enterprises, governments, and other interested people. It was considered one of the world's largest free software events, harboring technical, political and social debates in an integrated way. It gathered discussions, speeches, personalities and novelties both national and international in the free software world.

History of Linux
Linux began in 1991 as a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel. The resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history. Since the initial release of its source code in 1991, it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.15 version in 2018 with more than 23.3 million lines of source code, not counting comments, under the GNU General Public License v2 with a syscall exception meaning anything that uses the kernel via system calls are not subject to the GNU GPL.: 7
Șăulia
Șăulia (Hungarian: Mezősályi, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmɛzøːʃaːji]) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania that is composed of four villages: Leorința-Șăulia (Lőrincidűlő), Măcicășești (Szteuniadülő), Pădurea (Erdőtanya), and Șăulia.

Mureș County
Mureș County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈmureʃ], Romanian: Județul Mureș, Hungarian: Maros megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș. The county was established in 1968, after the administrative reorganization that re-introduced the historical județ (county) system, still used today. This reform eliminated the previous Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region, which had been created in 1952 within the People's Republic of Romania. Mureș County has a vibrant multicultural fabric that includes Hungarian-speaking Székelys and Transylvanian Saxons, with a rich heritage of fortified churches and towns.
L'Île-Bouchard
L'Île-Bouchard (French pronunciation: [lil buʃaʁ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.

From 8 to 14 December 1947, L'Île-Bouchard was the site of Marian apparitions. Four girls aged 7 to 12 reported having seen the Virgin Mary and the archangel Gabriel. The site was declared an official pilgrimage of the diocese of Tours on 8 December 2001 by the archbishop Monseigneur André Vingt-Trois. Since 1999, priests and lay persons from Emmanuel Community have been in charge of the pilgrims.

André Vingt-Trois
André Armand Vingt-Trois (French: [ɑ̃dʁe aʁmɑ̃ vɛ̃ttʁwɑ]; 7 November 1942 – 18 July 2025) was a French cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Paris from 2005 to 2017, having previously served as Archbishop of Tours from 1999 to 2005.  He was made a cardinal in 2007.
2024 WNBA playoffs
The 2024 WNBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the Women's National Basketball Association's 2024 season. The playoffs began on September 22, 2024, and ended on October 20, 2024 with the New York Liberty winning their first championship.

Courtney Williams
Courtney Monae Williams (born May 11, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and for the Vinyl of Unrivaled. Williams completed her high school basketball career at Charlton County High School. She signed with the University of South Florida and enrolled at the school in the fall of 2012.
Isiolo
Isiolo is a town in Isiolo County, of which it is the capital. It is located in the upper eastern region of Kenya and is geographically considered the center of the country Kenya. It lies 285 kilometers north of Nairobi. The town grew around the local military camps. Much of the population consists of Somali, Borana, and Ameru as well as minority groups including Turkana and Samburu. The town has an estimated population of 78,250, most of whom live on the outskirts of the town. There has been a steady increase in the urban population, especially from Moyale, Marsabit and Mandera. Isiolo is adjacent to Samburu and Shaba Game reserves. Isiolo lies along the long A2 Road, leading towards Marsabit and Moyale much further north.

Marsabit County
Marsabit County is a county in Kenya, covering a surface area of 66,923.1 square kilometres. Marsabit is the second largest county by size in Kenya after Turkana county which has an area of 71,597.8 km2. Its capital is Marsabit and its largest town is Moyale. According to the 2019 census, the county had a population of 459,785. It is bordered to the North by Ethiopia, to the West by Turkana County to the South by Samburu County and Isiolo County, and to the East by Wajir County.
Bob Dylan – The Rolling Thunder Revue: The 1975 Live Recordings
Bob Dylan – The Rolling Thunder Revue: The 1975 Live Recordings is a box set of 1975 live recordings by Bob Dylan, released on June 7, 2019. For this tour, Dylan assembled a loose collective of a backing band called Guam and played across North America for several dozen shows. The tie-in Netflix documentary film Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese was released the following week. A similar compilation was released in 2002 entitled Bob Dylan Live 1975, The Rolling Thunder Revue, as part of Dylan's ongoing Bootleg Series.  That compilation was re-released on vinyl as a companion to the later release.

Rob Stoner
Robert Rothstein (born April 20, 1948), known professionally as Rob Stoner, is an American singer and multi-instrumentalist known for his role as the musical director for three Bob Dylan tours and his contributions to hit albums, including Bob Dylan's Desire and Don McLean's American Pie. He has worked with a wide array of prominent artists across various genres and continues to perform as a solo act. He works as an online guitar instructor.
Mooney, Visalia, California
Mooney is a region of the City of Visalia, California.

The Mooney area is north of Tulare, east of County Center Drive, west of Giddings Street and south of Green Acres.

It refers to those areas that are centered on Mooney Boulevard roughly between Main St. and Visalia Parkway.

It is a mix of local and corporate businesses that cluster around Mooney Boulevard.  Like the other parts of Visalia, the wealthier neighborhoods of Mooney, such as Beverly Glen, are set within mini Oak Woodlands.  On the lower end, around Mooney Grove Park, the area is mostly agriculture.

Tulare, California
Tulare (/tʊˈlɛəri/ ⓘ tuu-LAIR-ee) is a city in Tulare County, California, United States. The population was 68,875 per the 2020 census. It is located in the heart of the San Joaquin Valley, 8 mi (13 km) south of Visalia and 60 mi (97 km) north of Bakersfield. The city is named after the Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes.
Isocytosine
Isocytosine or 2-aminouracil is a pyrimidine base that is an isomer of cytosine. The nucleoside form is called isocytidine (iC).

It is used in combination with isoguanine in studies of unnatural nucleic acid analogues of the normal base pairs in DNA. In particular, it is used as a nucleobase of hachimoji RNA with the abbreviation rS.

Pyrimidine
Pyrimidine (C4H4N2; /pɪˈrɪ.mɪˌdiːn, paɪˈrɪ.mɪˌdiːn/) is an aromatic, heterocyclic, organic compound similar to pyridine (C5H5N). One of the three diazines (six-membered heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring.: 250  The other diazines are pyrazine (nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 4 positions) and pyridazine (nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 2 positions).

In nucleic acids, three types of nucleobases are pyrimidine derivatives: cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U).
Battle of Koyulhisar (1461)
The Battle of Koyulhisar was fought between an Aq Qoyunlu army commanded by Uzun Hasan and an Ottoman army under Mehmed II at Koyulhisar in 1461. Mehmed II was planning to advance against Trebizond and wanted to secure his flank against attack. Mehmed II and Uzun Hasan would fight each other repeatedly in the following decades.

Aq Qoyunlu
The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (Azerbaijani: Ağqoyunlular, آغ‌قویونلولار; Persian: آق‌ قویونلو) was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Turkoman tribal confederation. Founded in the Diyarbakir region by Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg, they ruled parts of present-day eastern Turkey from 1378 to 1508, and in their last decades also ruled Armenia, Azerbaijan, much of Iran, Iraq, and Oman where the ruler of Hormuz recognised Aq Qoyunlu suzerainty. The Aq Qoyunlu empire reached its zenith under Uzun Hasan.
Equitable Life of Canada
The Equitable Life Insurance Company of Canada is a Canadian life insurance company that has operated since 1920. The company was founded under a provincial charter as the Ontario Equitable Life and Accident Insurance Company. In 1936, a new company, the Equitable Life Insurance Company of Canada, was incorporated under a federal charter and assumed the operations of the Ontario Equitable Life. Equitable was founded as a joint-stock company, but in 1958 began buying back its stock and in 1963 converted to a mutual. As a mutual company, Equitable has remained an independent, medium-size business despite major consolidation in the industry.

Sydney Charles Tweed
Sydney Charles Tweed (September 25, 1886 – February 8, 1942) was a businessman and political figure in Ontario. He represented Waterloo North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1929 to 1934 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Vankleek Hill in 1886, the son of William A. Tweed and Alice Sproule, of Irish descent. In 1906, he married Winnifred Hobson. Tweed was president and managing directory of the Ontario Equitable Life and Accident Insurance Co. He served as a member of the Public Utilities Commission for Waterloo from 1926 to 1930. He died suddenly at Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1942, and was buried at Brookside Cemetery at that city.
James City, Pennsylvania
James City, formerly Durant City, is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Elk County, Pennsylvania, United States. It lies approximately 4 miles (6 km) south of Kane, about 1 mile (1.6 km) away from Pennsylvania Route 66. It is in the northern part of Highland Township, and its northern border is the McKean County line. As of the 2020 census the CDP population was 207.

Kane, Pennsylvania
Kane is a borough in McKean County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, 87 miles (140 km) east-southeast of Erie. It was founded in 1864 by Civil War General Thomas L. Kane of the famous Bucktail Regiment. In the early part of the 20th century, Kane had large glass works, bottle works, lumber mills, and manufactures of brush handles, saws, cutlery, screen doors and windows. The population peaked in the 1920s but has since declined to 3,630 people as of the 2020 census.
Timeline of the Argentine War of Independence
The Argentine War of Independence was fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine patriotic forces under Manuel Belgrano, Juan José Castelli and José de San Martín against royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown. On July 9, 1816, an assembly met in San Miguel de Tucumán, declared full independence with provisions for a national constitution.

Francisco Javier de Elío
Francisco Javier de Elío y Olóndriz (5 March 1767 – 4 September 1822) was a Spanish Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Montevideo. He was instrumental in the Absolutist repression after the restoration of Ferdinand VII as King of Spain. For this, he was executed during the Trienio Liberal.
Jizan
Jizan (Arabic: جيزان, romanized: Jīzān) is a city and the capital of Jazan Province, which lies in the southwest corner of Saudi Arabia. Jizan is situated on the coast of the Red Sea and serves a large agricultural heartland that has a population of 173,919 as of 2022 and over 1.4 million, in the whole Jizan region. As the city is the capital of the region, it has a regional airport as well as the Jizan seaport. The area is noted for its high-quality production of fruits such as mangoes, figs, papayas, plums, and coffee.

Jizan has one of the largest megaprojects market in the kingdom with significant infrastructure projects worth many billions of dollars. Saudi Aramco is building a 400,000 bpd refinery with associated terminal facilities on the Red Sea near the city, scheduled for completion in late 2018.

Mango
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, in what is now Bangladesh, northeastern India and Myanmar. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times, resulting in two modern mango cultivar lineages: the "Indian" and the "Southeast Asian" types. Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits called "mangoes," most of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion.

There are several hundred cultivars of mango worldwide. Depending on the cultivar, mango fruit varies in size, shape, sweetness, skin color, and flesh color, which may be pale yellow, gold, green, or orange. Mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines, while the mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh.
ASA Best Book Prize
The ASA Best Book Prize, formerly known as the Herskovits Prize (Melville J. Herskovits Prize), is an annual prize given by the African Studies Association to the best scholarly work (including translations) on Africa published in English in the previous year and distributed in the United States. The prize was named after Melville Herskovits, one of the founders of the ASA. The title of the prize was changed in 2019 in response to efforts to decolonize African studies.

Jan Vansina
Jan M. J. Vansina (14 September 1929 – 8 February 2017) was a Belgian historian and anthropologist regarded as an authority on the history of Central Africa, especially of what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi. He was a major innovator in the historical methodology of oral tradition. As a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, he taught several generations of students and, according to a biographer, "set the pace in African historical studies from the 1950s into the 1990s."
She Said (Collective Soul song)
"She Said" is a song by American post-grunge band Collective Soul. It was featured in the 1997 slasher film Scream 2 during the closing credits as well as on its accompanying soundtrack. A music video was released for the song featuring scenes from the film.

A slightly different version of the song was later featured as a hidden track on the band's fourth studio album Dosage.

Post-grunge
Post-grunge is a musical offshoot of grunge that has a less abrasive or intense tone than traditional grunge. Originally, the term was used derisively and indicated mid-1990s alternative rock bands such as Bush, Candlebox, Collective Soul, Live, Foo Fighters, and Silverchair, that emulated the original sound of grunge.

In the late 1990s, post-grunge became a more clearly defined style that combined the sound and aesthetic of grunge with more commercially accessible songwriting, rising to prominence that lasted into the 2000s. Bands such as Foo Fighters, Creed, Matchbox Twenty, 3 Doors Down, Puddle of Mudd, Nickelback, Seether, and Staind achieved mainstream success in this second wave. Some bands in this wave also had crossover with the alternative metal and nu metal genres.
Erromenosteus
Erromenosteus is a genus of extinct, medium-sized brachythoracid arthrodire placoderm from the Late Frasnian of the Kellwasserkalk facies of Late Devonian Bad Wildungen and Bicken, Germany.

The various species had bullet-shaped heads, and curved, crushing jaws.

Frasnian
The Frasnian is one of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Period. It lasted from 382.31 million years ago to 372.15  million years ago. It was preceded by the Givetian Stage and followed by the Famennian Stage.

Major reef-building was under way during the Frasnian Stage, particularly in western Canada and Australia.  On land, the first forests were taking shape. In North America, the Antler orogeny peaked, which were contemporary with the Bretonic phase of the Variscan orogeny in Europe.

The Frasnian coincides with the second half of the "charcoal gap" in the fossil record, a time when atmospheric oxygen levels were below 13 percent, the minimum necessary to sustain wildfires.

North American subdivisions of the Frasnian include

West Falls Group

Sonyea Group

Genesee Group
Raúl Alcalá
Raúl Alcalá Gallegos (born 3 March 1964) is a Mexican former professional road racing cyclist, who competed between 1985 and 1999 and again in 2008 and 2010. As an amateur, Alcalá competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, finishing in eleventh place and 17th with his team in the 100 km team time trial. In 1986, Alcalá became the first Mexican cyclist to compete in the Tour de France and to date has been the most successful Mexican cyclist. In the 1987 Tour de France, he won the young rider classification.  In both 1989 and 1990, he won a stage in the Tour de France and finished in 8th place. A capable General Classification rider Alcalá finished in the top 10 during five different Grand Tours. In 2008, Alcalá returned to professional racing by competing in the Vuelta Chihuahua. In 2010, he won the national time trial championship at the age of 46. In early 2011, he stated his intention to race at the 2011 Pan American Games, but eventually did not compete.

Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
The Catalan Cycling Week (Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme in Catalan) was a multi-stage road bicycle race held in Catalonia, Spain. Held annually from 1963 until 2005, it was run as a 2.HC race on the UCI Europe Tour in the second half of March. The Setmana Catalana was discontinued in 2006 due to financial problems and is no longer on the UCI Calendar. Since 2010, the Volta a Catalunya, Catalonia's oldest existing cycling race, was moved to the calendar slot formerly held by the Setmana Catalana in late March.

The first winner of the race was José Pérez-Francés in 1963. Six riders have won the race twice: Spaniards José Pérez-Francés and Luis Ocaña, Belgian Eddy Merckx, Swiss Alex Zülle, Dutchman Michael Boogerd and Frenchman Laurent Jalabert. Alberto Contador was the last to win in 2005.
Pylades and Orestes Brought as Victims before Iphigenia
'Pylades and Orestes Brought as Victims before Iphigenia is a 1766 history painting by the Anglo-American artist Benjamin West. Inspired by the play Iphigenia in Tauris by the Ancient Greek writer Euripides, the Neoclassical composition features Iphigenia and her brother Orestes and his companion Pylades who have been captured by a shepherd after they are arrested for stealing a golden statue of Diana and are due to be executed. She recognises Orestes as her own relation.

The Pennsylvanian West had recently arrived in Britain from Italy where he has been strongly influenced by the classical tradition. The work was displayed with its companion piece The Continence of Scipio at the Exhibition of 1766 held by the Society of Artists of Great Britain in Pall Mall. 
The painting was owned by the art collector Sir George Beaumont who in 1826 gifted it to the new National Gallery. It is now in the collection of the Tate Britain in Pimlico.

Society of Artists of Great Britain
The Society of Artists of Great Britain was founded in London in May 1761 by an association of artists in order to provide a venue for the public exhibition of recent work by living artists, such as was having success in the long-established Paris salons. Leading members seceded from the society in 1768, a move leading directly to the formation of the Royal Academy of Arts. The society was dissolved in 1791 after years of decline.
ISO 3166-2:MQ
ISO 3166-2:MQ is the entry for Martinique in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for Martinique.

Martinique, an overseas region and department of France, is officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code MQ. Moreover, it is also assigned the ISO 3166-2 code FR-972 under the entry for France.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Demographics of Bradford
Bradford, England is an ethnically and culturally diverse city. The City of Bradford metropolitan borough is the sixth most populous local authority district in the United Kingdom, and includes not only Bradford but also the towns and villages of Keighley, Shipley, Bingley, Ilkley, Haworth, Silsden, Queensbury, Thornton and Denholme.

Thornton, West Yorkshire
Thornton is a village and former civil parish, within the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, in West Yorkshire, England. It lies 6 miles (9.7 km) to the west of the city centre of Bradford, and together with neighbouring Allerton, had a total resident population in 2001 of 15,004, increasing to 17,276 in 2011 and 18,520 in 2021.  Its most famous residents were the Brontës.

The preserved centre of the village retains the character of a typical Pennine village, with stone-built houses with stone flagged roofs. The surrounding areas consist of more modern housing, particularly towards the eastern and western edges of the village, still isolated from the rest of the city of Bradford by green fields.