hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Babinda Boulders
Babinda Boulders, officially called the Boulders Scenic Reserve but known locally as Babinda Boulders or simply the Boulders, is a public recreation reserve alongside Babinda Creek, managed by the Cairns Regional Council and adjacent to the Wooroonooran National Park in far north Queensland, Australia.

Cairns Region
The Cairns Region is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Queensland, Australia, centred on the regional city of Cairns. It was established in 2008 by the amalgamation of the City of Cairns and the Shire of Douglas. However, following public protest and a referendum in 2013, on 1 January 2014, the Shire of Douglas was de-amalgamated from the Cairns Region and re-established as a separate local government authority.

The Cairns Regional Council's 2023–24 operating budget was A$433.5 million.

In the 2021 census, the Cairns Region had a population of 166,943 people.
Battle of Fancheng
The Battle of Fancheng or the Battle of Fan Castle was fought between the warlords Liu Bei and Cao Cao in 219 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. It is named after Fancheng in present-day Xiangyang, Hubei, a fortress that played a significant role in the battle.

Han River (Hubei and Shaanxi)
The Han River, also known by its Chinese names Hanshui and Hanjiang, is a major river in Central China. A left tributary of the Yangtze, the longest river in Asia, it has a length of 1,532 km (952 mi) and is the longest tributary of the Yangtze system.

The river gave its name to the ancient Chinese Han dynasty, which marked one of ancient China's first golden ages and through it, to the Han Chinese, the dominant ethnic group in modern China and the most populous ethnic group in the world.  It is also the namesake of the city of Hanzhong on its upper course.
DFS SG 38 Schulgleiter
The Schneider DFS 108-14 SG-38 Schulgleiter (School glider) is a German high-wing, cable-braced, single-seat primary glider that was designed by Schneider, Rehberg and Hofmann at Edmund Schneider's factory at Grunau in 1938, hence the designation. It was produced by several builders, including Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (DFS).

Deutsches Museum
The Deutsches Museum (German Museum, officially Deutsches Museum von Meisterwerken der Naturwissenschaft und Technik (English: German Museum of Masterpieces of Science and Technology)) in Munich, Germany, is the world's largest museum of science and technology, with about 125,000 exhibited objects from 50 fields of science and technology. It receives about 1.5 million visitors per year.

The museum was founded on 28 June 1903, at a meeting of the Association of German Engineers (VDI) as an initiative of Oskar von Miller. It is the largest museum in Munich. For a period of time the museum was also used to host pop and rock concerts including The Who, Jimi Hendrix and Elton John.
Ruoqiang County
Ruoqiang County (Chinese: 若羌县) as the official romanized name, also transliterated from Uyghur as Qakilik County (Uyghur: چاقىلىق ناھىيىسى; Chinese: 卡克里克县), is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China under the administration of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It covers an area of 198,318 square kilometres (76,571 sq mi) (about twice the size of Zhejiang province and similar to Kyrgyzstan or Senegal), making it the largest county-level division in the country.

The county seat is in Ruoqiang Town. This is the location which less-detailed maps will label as "Ruoqiang". It lies at an altitude of 848 metres (2,782 ft).

Taklamakan Desert
The Taklamakan Desert (/ˌtækləməˈkæn/ TAK-lə-mə-KAN) is a desert in northwest China. Located inside the Tarim Basin in Southern Xinjiang, it is bounded by the Kunlun Mountains to the south, the Pamir Mountains to the west, the Tian Shan range to the north, and the Gobi Desert to the east.
Joseph Huber (economist)
Joseph Huber (born 4 November 1948 in Mannheim) is a German sociologist and economist known for his contributions to monetary theory and environmental sociology. From 1992 to 2012, he served as the chair of economic and environmental sociology at Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.

Environmental sociology
Environmental sociology is the study of interactions between societies and their natural environment. The field emphasizes the social factors that influence environmental resource management and cause environmental issues, the processes by which these environmental problems are socially constructed and define as social issues, and societal responses to these problems.

Environmental sociology emerged as a subfield of sociology in the late 1970s in response to the emergence of the environmental movement in the 1960s. It represents a relatively new area of inquiry focusing on an extension of earlier sociology through inclusion of physical context as related to social factors.
Remix Stories Vol. 2
Remix Stories Vol. 2 is an EP released by Unkle. It is the second in a series of unreleased remixes from their albums War Stories and End Titles... Stories for Film. The EP was released on Beatport and vinyl on 6 April 2009, though the vinyl version was limited to 150 copies. The digital version contains all the songs from the vinyl version, as well as 6 additional remixes.

Unkle
Unkle (often stylised as U.N.K.L.E. or UNKLE, occasionally known as UNKLE Sounds) is a British musical act founded in 1992 by James Lavelle. Originally categorised as trip hop, the group once included producer DJ Shadow and have employed a variety of guest artists and producers.
Transportation in Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis, Tennessee has developed into a major Mid-American commercial and transportation hub because of its location on the Mississippi River and a convergence of numerous rail and highway links. Four rail and highway bridges cross the Mississippi River at Memphis. In addition, Memphis International Airport has become the world's largest airfreight terminal.

Travel and shipment of freight are facilitated by two major Interstate highways, I-40 and I-55, that intersect at Memphis. I-240 is a highway spur that carries traffic around the city. A large volume of railroad freight traffic moves through Memphis, thanks to two Mississippi River railroad crossings and the convergence at Memphis of east–west with north–south rail routes.  In addition, Memphis is the second busiest cargo port on the Mississippi River.

Local public transportation in the Memphis area is provided by the Memphis Area Transit Authority.

Frisco Bridge
The Frisco Bridge, previously known as the Memphis Bridge, is a cantilevered through truss bridge carrying a rail line across the Mississippi River between West Memphis, Arkansas, and Memphis, Tennessee.
Microseris sylvatica
Microseris sylvatica is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names sylvan scorzonella and woodland silverpuffs. It is endemic to California, where it has a scattered distribution throughout the central California Coast Ranges and inland mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada of the state. Its habitat includes grassland and openings in wooded areas.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
Eveleth Rangers
The Eveleth Rangers were an amateur ice hockey team from Eveleth, Minnesota that played in various amateur leagues during the first half of the 1900s. As a member of the United States Amateur Hockey Association (1920–1925) the team was known as the Eveleth Reds, and in 1925–26 they played as the Eveleth-Hibbing Rangers in the CAHL, out of the Hibbing Memorial Arena in Hibbing, Minnesota.

Hibbing, Minnesota
Hibbing is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 16,214 at the 2020 census. The city was built on mining the rich iron ore of the Mesabi Iron Range and still relies on that industry today. At the edge of town is the world's largest open-pit iron mine, the Hull–Rust–Mahoning Open Pit Iron Mine.

Hibbing's main routes are U.S. Highway 169, State Highway 37, State Highway 73, Howard Street, and 1st Avenue. It is about 59 miles (95 km) northwest of Duluth, Minnesota.
Trams in Winterthur
The Winterthur tramway network (Alemannic German: Strassenbahnnetz Winterthur) was part of the public transport network of the city of Winterthur, in the canton of Zürich, Switzerland, for more than 50 years.

Opened in 1898, the network also served the neighbouring communities of Töss, Wülflingen, Oberwinterthur and Seen, all of which were incorporated into the municipality of Winterthur in 1922.  After reaching its maximum extent in 1931, the network was gradually replaced from 1938 by the Winterthur trolleybus system, until the network's closure in 1951.

Throughout its existence, the network's operator was the Gesellschaft Winterthur-Töss (WT), which was renamed Städtische Strassenbahn Winterthur (StStW) in 1900 and Verkehrsbetriebe Winterthur (VW) in 1940.  The company still exists today, as Stadtbus Winterthur (DE).

Oberwinterthur
Oberwinterthur (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈoːbərˌvɪntərtuːr], lit. 'Upper Winterthur') is a district in the Swiss city of Winterthur. It is district number 2.

The district comprises the quarters Talacker, Guggenbühl, Zinzikon, Reutlingen, Stadel, Grüze, Hegmatten and Hegi.

Oberwinterthur was formerly a municipality of its own, but was incorporated into Winterthur in 1922, and the location of the Roman Vicus Vitudurum.
DJ Enuff
Ephrem Louis Lopez Sr. (born January 25, 1969), known professionally as DJ Enuff, is an American DJ and radio personality. Born in Harlem and raised in Brooklyn, he joined New York City's hip-hop radio station Hot 97 in 1998, where he has since hosted DJ mixes. He is known for being the Notorious B.I.G.'s road DJ during his lifetime, and reprised this role for the 2009 biographical drama film based on the rapper, Notorious. Lopez worked as an A&R staffer for Def Jam Recordings from 1999 to 2001, and founded the Heavy Hitter DJs collective in 2001.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Flat-eight engine
A flat-eight engine (also known as a horizontally-opposed eight) is an eight-cylinder piston engine with two banks of four inline cylinders, one on each side of a central crankshaft, 180° apart.

In a flat-eight engine, the connecting rods for corresponding pistons from the left and right banks may share a crankshaft journal. A boxer-eight engine is a special case of a flat-eight where each piston's connecting rod has its own journal, and each pair of opposed pistons moves inwards or outwards at the same time.

Flat-eight engines have been used in automotive, motorcycle, aircraft, and marine applications.

Reciprocating engine
C. Crankshaft

E. Exhaust camshaft

I. Intake camshaft

P. Piston

R. Connecting rod

S. Spark plug

W. Water jacket for coolant flow

V. Valves

A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the Stirling engine for niche applications. Internal combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a spark-ignition (SI) engine, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a compression-ignition (CI) engine, where the air within the cylinder is compressed, thus heating it, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected then, in a diesel engine, or earlier, in a hot bulb engine.
Wang Yuan (palaeontologist)
Wang Yuan (Chinese: 王原) is a Chinese paleontologist who has served as director of the Paleozoological Museum of China (PMC) since 2004. This natural history museum is affiliated to the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).

Wang graduated from Peking University in 1991 and received his master's degree from the University of Kansas. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and IVPP in 2002. His doctoral advisor was Zhang Miman.

Wang is a Research Professor at IVPP and graduate school of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, with research work mainly on fossil amphibians and lizards.

Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology
The Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP; Chinese: 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所) of China is a research institution and collections repository for fossils, including many dinosaur and pterosaur specimens (many from the Yixian Formation).  As its name suggests, research is focused on both paleontological topics and those relating to human prehistory.

The institution, located in Beijing, grew out of the Cenozoic Research Laboratory in 1929 and is its own institution under the Chinese Academy of Sciences.  Its staff have increasingly worked internationally, participating in the China-Canada Dinosaur Project from 1986 to 1991 and authoring or coauthoring forty-five Nature and Science articles from 1999 to  2005. Notable paleontologists who have been affiliated with the IVPP include Yang Zhongjian (also known as C. C. Young), Dong Zhiming, Meemann Chang and Zhao Xijin.
Mutiny on the Bay
Mutiny on the Bay is an album of live recordings by the Dead Kennedys. The album’s material was compiled from a number of concerts in 1982 and 1986 in the band’s hometown of San Francisco with an additional track taken from the band’s final show in Davis, California before their break up in 1986.

Mutiny on the Bay was put together and released after a lengthy lawsuit, which resulted in the rights to the Dead Kennedys' catalog being transferred from lead singer/songwriter Jello Biafra's record label, Alternative Tentacles to the other three members of the band following Biafra's conviction on civil fraud and other charges. The album’s title alludes to the wresting of these rights (the “mutiny”) and the band’s home (The San Francisco Bay Area) with a nod to the Royal Navy’s famed Mutiny on the Bounty that served as the basis for numerous novels and films. The album’s quality has been criticized by singer Jello Biafra.

Alternative Tentacles
Alternative Tentacles is an independent record label established in 1979 by Dead Kennedys vocalist Jello Biafra and guitarist East Bay Ray in San Francisco, California, with the intention to release the Dead Kennedys' self-produced single "California Über Alles".  After realizing the potential for an independent label, they released records for other bands as well. They would go on to release albums by artists such as Dead Kennedys, NoMeansNo, D.O.A., Alice Donut, Lard, the Dicks, Butthole Surfers, 7 Seconds, Neurosis, Wesley Willis, Half Japanese, Blowfly, Subhumans (Canada), the Crucifucks, Victims Family, Pansy Division, Zolar X, Culture Shock, World/Inferno Friendship Society, Itchy-O, ArnoCorps, the Darts, Tsunami Bomb, and many more.
In the mid-1980s Jello Biafra became the sole owner of Alternative Tentacles.
Andreas Miaoulis (born 1819)
Andreas Miaoulis (Greek: Ανδρέας Μιαούλης, 1819–1887) was a Greek naval officer, hailing from the distinguished Hydriot Miaoulis family. He was the son of Dimitrios Miaoulis and grandson of Andreas Miaoulis, the celebrated admiral of the Greek War of Independence.

He was born in Hydra, then still part of the Ottoman Empire, in 1819. After Greece became independent, he joined the Royal Hellenic Navy as a lieutenant in 1836. He was very well versed in naval affairs, and enjoyed the friendship of King Otto, who kept him as the captain of his royal yacht. After Otto's ouster in 1862, he was transferred as naval attaché to the Ottoman capital, Constantinople, where he remained for several years. Following his return, he was responsible for the re-organization of the main Greek naval base at Salamis Island. He committed suicide in 1887, by falling from the balcony of the naval base headquarters.

Salamis Island
Salamis (/ˈsæləmɪs/ SAL-ə-miss; Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Σαλαμίς, romanized: Salamís) or Salamina (Modern Greek: Σαλαμίνα, romanized: Salamína) is the largest Greek island in the Saronic Gulf, about two kilometres (one nautical mile) from the coast of Athens' port of Piraeus and about 16 km (8+1⁄2 nmi) west of Athens center.

The chief city, Salamina, lies in the west-facing core of the crescent on Salamis Bay, which opens into the Saronic Gulf. On the eastern side of the island its main port, Paloukia, connects the island with Perama in the western part of Athens urban area through a frequent ferry line and is the second largest port in Greece in terms of passengers, after the port of Piraeus.
Ruth Patir
Ruth Patir (Hebrew: רות פתיר; born 1984) is an American-born Israeli contemporary digital artist, perhaps best known for her 2024 installation [M]otherland at the 60th Venice Biennale, which she voluntarily shut down until the time there would be a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas. It was never shown at the Biennale but is to be subsequently shown at the Tel Aviv Museum of Art and the Jewish Museum in Manhattan, with the latter institution having purchased the work.

Patir's work is held in the permanent collections of the Centre Pompidou in Paris and the Jewish Museum in New York City.

Tel Aviv Museum of Art
The Tel Aviv Museum of Art (Hebrew: מוּזֵאוֹן תֵּל אָבִיב לְאֻמָּנוּת, romanized: Muzēʾon Tēl ʾĀvīv Ləʾommānuṯ; Arabic: مَتْحَف تَلّ أَبِيب لِلفُنُون, romanized: Matḥaf Tall ʾAbīb Līl-funūn) is an art museum in Tel Aviv, Israel. The museum is dedicated to the preservation and display of modern and contemporary art both from Israel and around the world.
Ong Eng Hong
Ong Eng Hong (Chinese: 王荣沣; pinyin: Wáng Róngfēng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ông Êng-hong; 1935 – 2018) was an Australian badminton player. In 1955, he competed in the Australian National Badminton Championships and made his debut as the champion of the men's singles.

Australian National Badminton Championships
Australian National Badminton Championships are officially held since the year 1935.  Already eleven years earlier already started the unofficial national championships in Victoria, but a national governing body for badminton was still missing in this time.
Heiligenbeil Pocket
The Heiligenbeil Pocket or Heiligenbeil Cauldron (German: Kessel von Heiligenbeil) was the site of a major encirclement battle on the Eastern Front during the closing weeks of World War II, in which the Wehrmacht's 4th Army was almost entirely destroyed during the Soviet Braunsberg Offensive Operation (13–22 March 1945). The pocket was located near Heiligenbeil in East Prussia in eastern Germany (now Mamonovo, Kaliningrad Oblast), and the battle, part of a broader Soviet offensive into the region of East Prussia, lasted from 26 January until 29 March 1945.

Encirclement
Encirclement is a military term for the situation when a force or target is isolated and surrounded by enemy forces. The situation is highly dangerous for the encircled force. At the strategic level, it cannot receive supplies or reinforcements, and on the tactical level, the units in the force can be subject to an attack from several sides. Lastly, since the force cannot retreat, unless it is relieved or can break out, it must fight to the death or surrender.

A special kind of encirclement is the siege. In that case, the encircled forces are enveloped in a fortified position in which long-lasting supplies and strong defences are in place, allowing them to withstand attacks. Sieges have taken place in almost all eras of warfare.
John W. Hyde
John W. Hyde (born March 29, 1941, in Jackson, Michigan) is an American veteran producer whose credits span feature film, television, and animation. Hyde is married to Kate Morris Hyde and lives in both Los Angeles and Badger, California.

Starz Distribution
Starz Distribution, formerly IDT Entertainment and Starz Media, was an American television production, distribution and syndication company and the distribution arm of Starz Inc., a subsidiary of Starz Entertainment, established in 2003. It develops, produces and acquires original programming content branded as Starz Originals, feature films and other audiovisual programming for distribution across television, home video and streaming media.
Ferdinand II Hohenstein
Ferdinand II von und zu Hohenstein (1681/1682 - 6 April 1706) was the last of the Silesian Piasts. The last ruling Duke of Silesia of the later referred to as Silesian Piasts, was George William, Duke of Liegnitz-Brieg and Wehlau.

Ferdinand II was the grand-grandson of Adam Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn. Son of Ferdinand I Hohenstein and Anna Joanna Closen von Haidenburg, he had epilepsy and died before having any offspring.

George William, Duke of Liegnitz
George William (German: Georg Wilhelm), also known as George IV William (Polish: Jerzy IV Wilhelm; 29 September 1660 – 21 November 1675) was the last Silesian duke of Legnica (Liegnitz) and Brzeg (Brieg) from 1672 until his death. He was the last male member of the Silesian Piast dynasty descending from Władysław II the Exile (1105–1159), as well as the last legitimate male member of the entire House of Piast.
Jafar Maidan
Jafar Maidan is a cricket ground in Junagadh, Saurashtra, India. The ground hosted its Ranji Trophy match when the Western India cricket team played against Nawanagar cricket team in November 1942. The ground hosted three more first-class matches before its disappearance from cricket in 1973. The ground eventually became a grassland. Since then the city does not have a cricket ground. After nearly four decades, now a domestic-level cricket ground is being developed at Vivekanand School Ground.

In 2013, the ground was renovated to become a stadium with Gujarat Sport Authority at a cost of ₹ 10 crore.

Jafar Maidan has a heliport opposite the Mother Dairy Fruit & Vegetable Private Limited manufacturing plant. Regular flights were made in the past for helicopter service provided on Mount Girnar. Otherwise it is used for visiting VIPs.

Western India cricket team
The Western India cricket team was active in first-class cricket from November 1933 until February 1946, operating in the West Zone of the Ranji Trophy for twelve seasons. It was based in Rajkot, Gujarat, then part of Saurashtra State.

Western India, captained by the Englishman Herbert Barritt, won the Ranji Trophy in 1943-44.

Western India was succeeded as a first-class team by Kathiawar in 1946, which was in turn succeeded by Saurashtra in 1950. Saurashtra has competed in the Ranji Trophy ever since, winning in 2019–20 and 2022–23.