hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bernard Lefkowitz
Bernard Lefkowitz (1937/1938 – May 21, 2004) was an American author, sociologist, journalist and investigative reporter.

A reporter and assistant editor at the New York Post, Lefkowitz worked for the Peace Corps before becoming an author. He wrote many books, including The Victims, Break-time: Living Without Work in a Nine-to-Five World, and Tough Change: Growing Up on Your Own in America, and Our Guys: The Glen Ridge Rape and the Secret Life of the Perfect Suburb.

Our Guys dealt with the Glen Ridge Rape of a mentally disabled girl by a group of popular high school students and the town (Glen Ridge, New Jersey) that rallied around them. Lauded by The New York Times as a notable book of the year, as well as an Edgar Award finalist, Our Guys was made into a television movie starring Ally Sheedy and Eric Stoltz.

Lefkowitz taught journalism at City College, Duke University and Columbia University.

Lefkowitz died due to thymus gland cancer on May 21, 2004.

Thymoma
A thymoma is a tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the thymus that is considered a rare neoplasm. Thymomas are frequently associated with neuromuscular disorders such as  myasthenia gravis; thymoma is found in 20% of patients with myasthenia gravis. Once diagnosed, thymomas may be removed surgically. In the rare case of a malignant tumor, radiation therapy may be used.
Spruce Woods (electoral district)
Spruce Woods is a provincial electoral district of Manitoba, Canada. It was created by redistribution in 2008 out of parts of Minnedosa and Turtle Mountain and notably gained parts of the city of Brandon and Arthur-Virden in the 2018 redistribution.

Following the 2018 redistribution, Spruce Woods includes the municipalities of Cornwallis, Elton, Glenboro – South Cypress, Oakland – Wawanesa, Riverdale, Sifton, Souris – Glenwood, Victoria, Whitehead and the portion of the city of Brandon located north of the Assiniboine River.

Outside of the city of Brandon, communities in the constituency include Glenboro, Holland, Oak Lake, Rivers, Souris, and Wawanesa. The constituency also includes the part of CFB Shilo that is within the Municipality of Glenboro - South Cypress.

The riding's population based on the 2016 census was 22,810.

Rural Municipality of Victoria
The Rural Municipality of Victoria is a rural municipality (RM) located in south-central Manitoba, north-east of Glenboro. The RM was established in 1902 and named for Queen Victoria. In its westernmost part, the RM contains parts of Manitoba's Spruce Woods Provincial Forest and Spruce Woods Provincial Park.
Craig Cardiff
Craig Cardiff (born 9 July 1976) is a Canadian folk singer from Waterloo, Ontario who lives in Arnprior, Ontario. He has released sixteen albums, both live and studio-based since 1997. He has toured North America and Europe. In 2012, Cardiff was nominated for a Juno Award for Roots and Traditional Album of the Year: Solo and for a Canadian Folk Music Award as Contemporary Singer of the Year.

Waterloo, Ontario
Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (formerly Waterloo County). Waterloo is situated about 94 km (58 mi) west-southwest of Toronto, but it is not considered to be part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Due to the close proximity of the city of Kitchener to Waterloo, the two together are often referred to as "Kitchener–Waterloo", "K-W", or "The Twin Cities". Nearby Cambridge, Ontario is also sometimes grouped in, creating KWC or "Tri-cities".

While several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo have been made, following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo, less motivation to do so existed, and as a result, Waterloo remains an independent city. At the time of the 2021 census, the population of Waterloo was 121,436.
Conformal rotation vector
The conformal rotation vector, whose coordinates are also known as modified Rodrigues parameters or Wiener–Milenkovic parameters, is a three-dimensional vector representing a three-dimensional rotation or orientation. It is the stereographic projection of a versor (unit quaternion) onto the pure-imaginary hyperplane. It was first described by Thomas Wiener (1962), called the conformal rotation vector by Veljko Milenkovic (1982), and named the modified Rodrigues vector by Malcolm Shuster (1993). It is related to the Rodrigues vector first described by Olinde Rodrigues (1840) and called by Josiah Gibbs (1884) the vector semitangent of version, whose coordinates are called Rodrigues parameters or Euler–Rodrigues parameters.

Olinde Rodrigues
Benjamin Olinde Rodrigues (6 October 1795 – 17 December 1851), more commonly known as Olinde Rodrigues, was a French banker, mathematician, and social reformer. In mathematics Rodrigues is remembered for Rodrigues' rotation formula for vectors, the Rodrigues formula for the Legendre polynomials, and the Euler–Rodrigues parameters.
Takou, Benin
Takou is a town in the Nikki arrondissement in the Borgou Department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Nikki. According to the population census in 2013, the village had a total population of 1,076.

9°50′45″N 3°13′05″E﻿ / ﻿09.845956°N 03.218085°E﻿ / 09.845956; 03.218085

Nikki, Benin
Nikki [ni.ki] is a town, arrondissement, and commune located in the Borgou Department of Benin. The commune covers an area of 3171 square kilometres and as of 2002 had a population of 99,251 people.

Nikki is a major centre of the Batonuo people and is home to a traditional king, resident in the centre of the town. The Gaani royal festival is held in the town annually. Before the colonial era, Nikki was one of the main political centers of the Borgu federation.
Oliver Twist (1974 film)
Oliver Twist is a 1974 American animated adventure musical comedy drama film directed by Hal Sutherland that is based on Charles Dickens's 1838 novel of the same name. The film was the second and last to be produced by Filmation and distributed by Warner Bros. Davy Jones, who played The Artful Dodger in the original Broadway production of Oliver!, reprises his role.

Hal Sutherland
Harold H. "Hal" Sutherland (July 1, 1929 – January 16, 2014) was an American animator and painter who began his career as a Disney animator in 1954 working on Sleeping Beauty, Lady and the Tramp, Peter Pan and the last theatrical short that featured Donald Duck. He gained recognition in the late 1960s as a director of animated productions at Filmation.
Oriental (Albéniz)
Oriental, Op. 232, No. 2, is a composition by Isaac Albéniz.

It was written for piano, in the key of D minor, as part of the suite Chants d'Espagne.  Since it was transcribed for classical guitar by Miguel Llobet, it has become a notable piece for classical guitar, although not as popular as many of his other pieces. Andrés Segovia also recorded his version of Oriental in the 1950s, which was also performed by Stefano Grondona. It was played by the VCU Guitar Ensemble at the VCU Flamenco Festival in 2009.

Miguel Llobet
Miguel Llobet Solés (18 October 1878 – 22 February 1938) was a classical guitarist, born in Barcelona, Spain. Llobet was a renowned virtuoso who toured Europe and America extensively. He made well known arrangements of Catalan folk songs for the solo guitar, made famous arrangements for the guitar of the piano compositions of Isaac Albéniz, arrangements immortalized by Andrés Segovia, and was also the composer of original works.
Go-no-sen-no-kata
Gonosen-no-kata (後の先の形, Forms of post-attack counter attack) is a judo kata that focuses on counter-attacks to throwing techniques.  It is not an officially recognized kata of judo, but has acquired disproportionate significance by its inclusion in Kawaishi's The complete seven katas of judo.  Writing in the early post-war period, Kawaishi described the kata as "being practiced less in Japan than in Europe".

However, according to recent scholarly research, gonosen-no-kata likely never even existed as any sort of kata in Japan. After Japanese judoka from Waseda University in Tokyo visited England in the 1920s and publicly demonstrated several counter-techniques developed at their home University, the exercises were henceforth in Britain (and later in France and other parts of Europe) misrepresented as a formalized kata and practiced and taught that way by Japanese judo teachers based in Europe, such as Kawaishi Mikinosuke, Koizumi Gunji, Ōtani Masutarō, and Tani Yukio.

Yukio Tani
Yukio Tani (谷 幸雄, Tani Yukio, 1881 – 24 January 1950) was a pioneering Japanese jujutsu and judo instructor and professional challenge wrestler, notable for being one of the first jujutsu stylists to teach and compete outside of Japan.
2010 AFL Under 18 Championships
The 2010 NAB AFL Under 18 Championships was the 15th edition of the AFL Under 18 Championships. Eight teams competed in the championships: Vic Metro, Vic Country, South Australia and Western Australia in Division 1, and New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory (NSW/ACT), Northern Territory, Queensland and Tasmania in Division 2. The competition was played over five rounds, in seven states and territories, across two divisions. In rounds two and four of the competition, the second-division teams crossed over and played the division one sides, while the other three rounds of matches were played between the teams in each the division. Vic Country and Tasmania were the Division 1 and Division 2 champions, respectively. The Larke Medal (for the best player in Division 1) was awarded to Western Australia's Harley Bennell, and the Hunter Harrison Medal (for the best player in Division 2) was won by Tasmania's Sam Darley.

Harley Bennell
Harley Bennell (born Harley Nannup; born 2 October 1992) is a former Australian rules footballer who last played for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was drafted with the second selection in the 2010 AFL draft by the Gold Coast Football Club. Bennell was recruited from Peel Thunder Football Club which play in the West Australian Football League.
Frank Bisby
Frank Ainley Bisby (April 24, 1945 – October 25, 2011) was a botanist who specialized in legumes, and was a pioneer in the development of taxonomic databases. He is noted for his work in founding Species 2000 in 1997, which coordinated the publication of the Catalogue of Life, the most comprehensive catalogue of species. Bisby was the first chair of the Taxonomic Database Working Group (TDWG), which was founded in 1985. Bisby continued to lead significant projects, including the International Legume Database and Information Service (ILDIS). He served as a professor of botany at the University of Reading for most of his career.

After his PhD at Oxford University he worked with the University of Southampton before becoming a professor in botany at Reading University.

Catalogue of Life
The Catalogue of Life (CoL) is an online database that provides an index of known species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It was created in 2001 as a partnership between the global Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxonomic Information System. The Catalogue is used by research scientists, citizen scientists, educators, and policy makers. The Catalogue is also used by the Biodiversity Heritage Library, the Barcode of Life Data System, Encyclopedia of Life, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. The Catalogue currently compiles data from 165 peer-reviewed taxonomic databases that are maintained by specialist institutions around the world. As of September 2022, the COL Checklist lists 2,067,951 of the world's 2.2m extant species known to taxonomists on the planet at present time.
Eric Prabhakar
Eric Prabhakar (23 February 1925 – 10 September 2011) was an Indian sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres event at the 1948 Summer Olympics, reaching the quarterfinals. He was also a Rhodes Scholar and he subsequently worked for Burmah-Shell Oil and UNESCO as well as being an active sports administrator in India.

Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres sprint event at the 1948 Olympic Games in London, England, we held at Wembley Stadium on 30 and 31 July. Sixty-three athletes from 33 nations competed; each nation was limited to 3 runners by rules set at the 1930 Olympic Congress. The final was won by American Harrison Dillard, in a photo finish. Lloyd LaBeach of Panama won his nation's first medal in the men's 100 metres, a bronze. This was the first time a photo finish camera was used at an Olympic Games. The photo finish equipment consisted of a photoelectric cell, called the Magic Eye, produced by Swiss watchmaker Omega and a slit photography camera produced by the British Race Finish Recording Company.
Górki, Gmina Sztum
Górki [ˈɡurki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sztum, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
2008 Tennis Masters Cup – Singles
Novak Djokovic defeated Nikolay Davydenko in the final, 6–1, 7–5 to win the singles tennis title at the 2008 Tennis Masters Cup. It was his first Tour Finals title, and the first of an eventual record seven such titles.

Roger Federer was the two-time defending champion, but was eliminated in the round-robin stage. This marked the only time in his career that he was eliminated before the semifinals.

Future champion Andy Murray made his tournament debut; he was defeated by Davydenko in the semifinals. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Juan Martín del Potro, Gilles Simon, and Radek Štěpánek (as an alternate who replaced Andy Roddick) also made their tournament debuts. Štěpánek, playing as the world No. 27, was the lowest-ranked player ever to compete in the Tour Finals.

Rafael Nadal qualified as the world No. 1, but withdrew before the tournament with a knee injury, where he was replaced by Simon.

This was the first Tour Finals to have a best-of-three title match.

Gilles Simon
Gilles Simon (French pronunciation: [ʒil si.mɔ̃]; born 27 December 1984) is a French former tennis player. He turned professional in 2002 and won fourteen singles titles on the ATP Tour, and attained a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 6, on 5 January 2009.
Pipistrel Panthera
The Pipistrel Panthera is a lightweight, all-composite, highly efficient four-seat aircraft under development by Pipistrel of Slovenia.

The petrol-powered version of the Panthera is intended to cruise at 198 KTAS (366.7 km/h) at 8,000 feet for up to 1,500 nmi (2'750 km) using a Lycoming IO-540 engine burning AvGas. There are two other versions planned, one with a 145 kW hybrid-electric power system, and the other with a 145 kW pure electric system.  These two latter variants will only seat two people to accommodate the electric systems.

The company is offering the Panthera as an experimental aircraft, either factory-built or as a kit for amateur construction, with the type certified variant expected in 2022.

Experimental aircraft
An Experimental aircraft is an aircraft intended for testing new aerospace technologies and design concepts.

The term research aircraft or testbed aircraft, by contrast, generally denotes aircraft modified to perform scientific studies, such as weather research or geophysical surveying, similar to a research vessel.

The term "experimental aircraft" also has specific legal meaning in Australia, the United States and some other countries; usually used to refer to aircraft flown with an experimental certificate. In the United States, this also includes most homebuilt aircraft, many of which are based on conventional designs and hence are experimental only in name because of certain restrictions in operation.
Anders Carlsson (ice hockey)
Anders "Masken" Carlsson (born 25 November 1960 in Gävle, Sweden) is a Swedish retired ice hockey center who played parts of three seasons with the New Jersey Devils in the National Hockey League and many seasons in the Elitserien for Brynäs IF, Södertälje SK, VIK Västerås HK and Leksands IF.  In addition to playing in the 1987 Canada Cup, he represented Sweden six times at the World Championships, winning gold medals in 1987 and 1991, and silver medals in 1986, 1990 and 1997. He is currently an amateur scout for the Colorado Avalanche He is currently General Manager of SHL-team Rögle BK. He has a dog named Beatrice Carlsson Syrén.

Gävle
Gävle (/ˈjɛvleɪ, -lə/ YEV-lay or YEV-lə; Swedish: [ˈjɛ̌ːvlɛ] ⓘ) is a city in Sweden, the seat of Gävle Municipality and the capital of Gävleborg County. It had 79,004 inhabitants in 2020, which makes it the 13th-most-populated city in Sweden. It is the oldest city in the historical Norrland (Sweden's northern lands), having received its charter in 1446 from Christopher of Bavaria. However, Gävle is far nearer to the greater Stockholm region than it is to most other major settlements in Norrland and has a much milder climate than associated with said region.

In recent years, the city has received much international attention due to its large Yule Goat figure made of straw – the Gävle Goat. The goat is erected in December each year and is often subsequently vandalized, usually by being set on fire. The goat has now become a symbol for the city and is being used for various marketing purposes.
2019–20 Biathlon World Cup
The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup (BWC) was a multi-race series over a season of biathlon, organised by the International Biathlon Union. The season started on 30 November 2019 in Östersund, Sweden and ended on 14 March 2020 in Kontiolahti, Finland, a week and a day earlier than planned.

International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.
James Wallwork
James Harold Wallwork (September 17, 1930 – October 23, 2024) was an American Republican Party politician who served in both houses of the New Jersey Legislature and twice sought the Republican nomination for Governor.

New Jersey Legislature
The New Jersey Legislature is the legislative branch of the government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. In its current form, as defined by the New Jersey Constitution of 1947, the Legislature consists of two houses: the General Assembly and the Senate. The Legislature meets in the New Jersey State House, in the state capital of Trenton.
Joerg Trippen-Hilgers
Joerg Trippen-Hilgers is a paralympic athlete from Germany competing mainly in category F12 long jump and pentathlon events.

Joerg competed in both the long jump and pentathlon at both the 1996 Summer Paralympics and 2000 Summer Paralympics winning a bronze medal in the 2000 long jump.  At the 1996 games he also competed in the triple jump and 4 × 100 m relay, winning a silver medal with his fellow German athletes in the relay.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Ryan McGinley
Ryan McGinley (born October 17, 1977) is an American photographer and lives in New York City. He began taking photographs in 1998. In 2003, at the age of 25, he was one of the youngest artists to have a solo show at the Whitney Museum of American Art. He was named Photographer of the Year in 2003 by American Photo Magazine. In 2007, he was given the Young Photographer Infinity Award by the International Center of Photography. In 2009, he was honored at The Young Collectors Council's Artists Ball at the Guggenheim Museum. A 2014 GQ article declared McGinley, "the most important photographer in America."

International Center of Photography
The International Center of Photography (ICP) is a photography museum and school at 84 Ludlow Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. ICP's photographic collection, reading room, and archives are at Mana Contemporary in Jersey City, New Jersey. The organization was founded by Cornell Capa in 1974. It is located at 84 Ludlow Street, within the Lower East Side.

ICP is the host of the Infinity Awards, inaugurated in 1985 "to bring public attention to outstanding achievements in photography by honoring individuals with distinguished careers in the field and by identifying future luminaries."
Molson Bank Building
The Molson Bank Building was built at the corner of St. Peter and St. James streets (now rue Saint-Pierre and rue Saint-Jacques) in the Old Montreal neighbourhood of Montreal, Quebec, as the headquarters of the Molson Bank in 1866 by order of founder William Molson (1793–1875). It was the first building in Montreal to be built in the Second Empire style, designed by George Browne working with his son John James George Browne.

Molson Bank merged with Bank of Montreal in 1925.

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.