hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MINQUE
In statistics, the theory of minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE) was developed by C. R. Rao. MINQUE is a theory alongside other estimation methods in estimation theory, such as the method of moments or maximum likelihood estimation. Similar to the theory of best linear unbiased estimation, MINQUE is specifically concerned with linear regression models. The method was originally conceived to estimate heteroscedastic error variance in multiple linear regression. MINQUE estimators also provide an alternative to maximum likelihood estimators or restricted maximum likelihood estimators for variance components in mixed effects models. MINQUE estimators are quadratic forms of the response variable and are used to estimate a linear function of the variances.

Method of moments (statistics)
In statistics, the method of moments is a method of estimation of population parameters. The same principle is used to derive higher moments like skewness and kurtosis.

It starts by expressing the population moments (i.e., the expected values of powers of the random variable under consideration) as functions of the parameters of interest. Those expressions are then set equal to the sample moments. The number of such equations is the same as the number of parameters to be estimated. Those equations are then solved for the parameters of interest. The solutions are estimates of those parameters.

The method of moments was introduced by Pafnuty Chebyshev in 1887 in the proof of the central limit theorem. The idea of matching empirical moments of a distribution to the population moments dates back at least to Karl Pearson.
Carter Fountain
The Carter Fountain is a distinctive feature 150 metres (490 ft) out in Wellington Harbour from Oriental Bay. Installed in 1973, it was named in memory of the parents of its donor Hugh Carter, who drowned only days after the fountain's inauguration.

Wellington Harbour
Wellington Harbour (Māori: Te Whanganui-a-Tara [tɛ ˈfaŋanʉi a ˈtaɾa] ⓘ), officially called Wellington Harbour / Port Nicholson, is a large natural harbour on the southern tip of New Zealand's North Island. The harbour entrance is from Cook Strait. Central Wellington is located on parts of the western and southern sides of the harbour, and the suburban area of Lower Hutt is to the north and east.

The harbour area bounded by a line between Pencarrow Head to Petone foreshore, was officially named Port Nicholson until it assumed its current dual name in 1984.
Hasanabad-e Emam Jomeh
Hasanabad-e Emam Jomeh (Persian: حسن ابادامام جمعه, also Romanized as Ḩasanābād-e Emām Jom‘eh; also known as Ḩasanābād) is a village in Mazul Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 137, in 31 families.

Nishapur County
Nishapur County (Persian: شهرستان نیشاپور) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nishapur, the second largest city in the province and the third largest city in Eastern Iran.
Olivella watermani
Olivella watermani is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives.  Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.

Olive snail
Olive snails, also known as olive shells and olives, scientific name Olividae, are a taxonomic family of medium to large predatory sea snails with smooth, shiny, elongated oval-shaped shells.

The shells often show various muted but attractive colors, and may be patterned also. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the family Olividae within the main clade Neogastropoda.
Sol Chaikin
Sol Chick Chaikin (9 January 1918 – 1 April 1991) was an American trade union organizer. He served as president of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union from 1975 until 1986.

He earned a law degree from Brooklyn Law School in 1940.

He was a Vice President of the AFL-CIO, and a member of its Executive Council and of its Trade and International Affairs Committees. He was also deputy member of the Executive Committee of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, and was a member of the U.S. delegation to the Belgrade and Madrid sessions of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.

In his later life, he was acting head of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center.

The Sol C. Chaikin Professor of National Health Policy at the Florence Heller Graduate School for Social Policy, Brandeis University, is named in his honor.

International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) was an international trade union. It came into being on 7 December 1949 following a split within the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), and was dissolved on 31 October 2006 when it merged with the World Confederation of Labour (WCL) to form the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC).

Prior to being dissolved, the ICFTU had a membership of 157 million members in 225 affiliated organisations in 148 countries and territories.
ČD Class 680
ČD Class 680 are high-speed EMUs operating in the Czech Republic, using tilting Pendolino technology intended for the SuperCity train service. Built by Alstom (originally Fiat Ferroviaria), they were largely based on the nine-car ETR 470.  While testing from Břeclav to Brno on November 18, 2004, the Pendolino reached a speed of 237 km/h (147 mph) and created a new Czech railway speed record. The units are able to operate on 25 kV 50 Hz AC, 15 kV  16.7 Hz AC and 3,000 V DC.

Františkovy Lázně
Františkovy Lázně (Czech pronunciation: [ˈfraɲcɪʃkovɪ ˈlaːzɲɛ] ⓘ; German: Franzensbad) is a spa town in Cheb District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,600 inhabitants. Together with neighbouring Karlovy Vary and Mariánské Lázně, it forms the West Bohemian Spa Triangle. The town centre is well preserved and since 1992 has been protected as an urban monument reservation. In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe" because of its natural springs and its architectural testimony to the popularity of spa towns across Europe in the 18th through 20th centuries.
Austin baronets
The Austin Baronetcy, of Red Hill in the parish of Castleford in the West Riding of the County of York, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 16 July 1894 for John Austin, Liberal member of parliament for Osgoldcross.

Castleford
Castleford is a town within the City of Wakefield district, West Yorkshire, England. It had a population of 45,106 at a 2021 population estimate. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, to the north of the town centre the River Calder joins the River Aire and the Aire and Calder Navigation. It is located north east of Wakefield, north of Pontefract and south east of Leeds. Castleford is the largest town in the Wakefield district after Wakefield itself.

The town is the site of a Roman settlement. Within the historical Municipal Borough of Castleford are the suburbs of Airedale, Cutsyke, Ferry Fryston, Fryston Village, Glasshoughton, Half Acres, Hightown, Lock Lane, Townville, Wheldale and Whitwood.

Castleford is home to the rugby league Super League team Castleford Tigers.
Pauran
Pauran (English: Citizen) is a 2005 Malayalam political thriller film directed by Sundardas featuring Jayaram, Kalabhavan Mani and Geethu Mohandas in the lead roles. The movie was produced by Sunil Baby under the banner of Dolphin Creations and was distributed by Dolphin Creations and Sreemovies. The film was a box-office disaster.

Political thriller
A political thriller is a thriller that is set against the backdrop of a political power struggle; high stakes and suspense are the core of the story. The genre often forces the audiences to consider and understand the importance of politics. The stakes in these stories are immense, and the fate of a country is often in the hands of one individual. Political corruption, organized crime, terrorism, and warfare are common themes.

Political thrillers can be based on facts such as the assassination of John F. Kennedy or the Watergate Scandal. There is a strong overlap with the conspiracy thriller.
Shove It! The Warehouse Game
Shove It! The Warehouse Game is a 1990 sokoban puzzle video game developed by NCS in Japan. A port of the game was later released in North America by DreamWorks. The game was showcased by DreamWorks at the Sega booth of the Winter 1990 Consumer Electronics Show. Upon release in North America, the game received mixed reviews, with some critics finding the gameplay challenging and addictive, and others faulting the game's graphics, sound, and lack of features.

Consumer Electronics Show
CES (formerly an initialism for Consumer Electronics Show) is an annual trade show organized by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). Held in January at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester, Nevada, United States, the event typically hosts presentations of new products and technologies in the consumer electronics industry.
Strattonstown
Strattonstown is a townland in the civil parish of Mullingar in County Westmeath, Ireland.

The townland is located to the west of Mullingar town, on the R390 regional road. The village of Ballinea is to the east.

County Westmeath
County Westmeath (/wɛstˈmiːð/; Irish: Contae na hIarmhí or simply An Iarmhí) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It formed part of the historic Kingdom of Meath, which was named Mide because the kingdom was located in the geographical centre of Ireland (the word Mide meaning 'middle'). Westmeath County Council is the administrative body for the county, and the county town is Mullingar. At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 95,840.
Fanion
A fanion is a small flag used by the French military, equivalent to an American guidon or British company colour. The name derives from the Italian word gonfanone, or gonfanon. They were often attached to a small staff which was placed in the muzzle of a rifle.

The regulation sizes were 50 cm × 40 cm for a battalion fanion, 40 × 30 for a company fanion, and 34 × 27 for a platoon fanion (the latter can also be a triangular pennant 30 × 40).

Flag
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design, often flown from a pole and used for symbolic, signalling, or decorative purposes. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed on such pieces of fabric. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin vexillum, meaning "flag" or "banner".

The first flags were used to aid military coordination on the battlefield, and flags have since evolved into a common tool for basic signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as maritime environments where semaphore is used). The national flag is a common patriotic symbol of a country, and many national or other flags may be assigned to flag families based on similarities in their designs that demonstrate a shared history, culture, or influence. Flags are also used in messages, advertising, or for other decorative purposes.
Hisardžik
Hisardžik is a village in the municipality of Prijepolje, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 285 people.

During World War II, the village was known to be a stronghold for Sandzak Muslim militia members, serving under the commander Sulejman Pačariz.

Municipalities and cities of Serbia
The municipalities and cities (Serbian: општине и градови / opštine i gradovi) are the first-level administrative division and the basic level of local government of Serbia. The country is divided into 145 municipalities and 29 cities.

Municipalities and cities form 29 administrative districts, except the City of Belgrade which is not part of any district.
Milan Kujundžić
Milan Kujundžić (pronounced [mǐlan kujǔndʒitɕ]; born 27 April 1957) is a Croatian physician and politician who held the position of Minister of Health in the Cabinet of Andrej Plenković between 2016 and 2020.

Croatian Democratic Union
The Croatian Democratic Union (Croatian: Hrvatska demokratska zajednica, lit. 'Croatian Democratic Community', HDZ) is a major conservative, centre-right to right-wing political party in Croatia. Since 2016, it has been the ruling political party in Croatia under the incumbent Prime Minister Andrej Plenković. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in Croatia, along with the centre-left Social Democratic Party (SDP). It is currently the largest party in the Sabor with 55 seats. The HDZ governed Croatia from 1990 before the country gained independence from Yugoslavia until 2000 and, in coalition with junior partners, from 2003 to 2011, and since 2016. HDZ is a member of the Centrist Democrat International, International Democracy Union, and the European People's Party, and sits in the European People's Party Group in the European Parliament. HDZ is the first political party in Croatia to be convicted of corruption.
Eric Gast
Eric M. Gast (born 23 April 1968) is an American music industry professional – record producer, mixer, engineer, and recording studio designer – and founder and CEO of a nonprofit public health care charity. Gast was born in New Jersey and raised in New York City. He is cousin to documentary filmmaker Leon Gast. as well as another cousin Eric W. Gast former athlete and model

Leon Gast
Leon Jacques Gast (March 30, 1936 – March 8, 2021) was an American documentary film director, producer, cinematographer, and editor. His documentary, When We Were Kings depicts the iconic heavyweight boxing match: The Rumble in the Jungle between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman. This film would go on to win the 1996 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature and the Independent Spirit Award. Gast co-directed the 1977 documentary, The Grateful Dead Movie with guitarist Jerry Garcia. The film captured the band's October 1974, five-night performance at the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco. Gast also co-directed the 1983 film Hell's Angels Forever, which focused on the notorious motorcycle club Hells Angels. The Angels are believed to have learned that Gast put material in the documentary which they didn't prefer. To this end, Gast claimed that the Angels tracked him down and beat him up. Gast also produced works on B.B. King and Celia Cruz.
1990s in film
The decade of the 1990s in film involved many significant developments in the industry of cinema. Numerous feature-length movies were specifically filmed and/or edited to be displayed not only on theater screens but also the smaller TV screens, like showing more close-ups and less wide shots during dialogue scenes. Moreover, the home video market grew into being a major factor on the total revenue of a theatrical film, often doubling the amount. An example of both cases is Batman: Mask of the Phantasm, which was initially intended as a direct-to-video release.

Shot (filmmaking)
In filmmaking and video production, a shot is a series of frames that runs for an uninterrupted period of time.  Film shots are an essential aspect of a movie where angles, transitions and cuts are used to further express emotion, ideas and movement.  The term "shot" can refer to two different parts of the filmmaking process:

In production, a shot is the moment that the camera starts rolling until the moment it stops.

In film editing, a shot is the continuous footage or sequence between two edits or cuts.
Spybreak!
"Spybreak!" is a 1997 single by the British big beat group Propellerheads from their album, Decksandrumsandrockandroll, which was released in two versions; "Spybreak! (Long One)" and "Spybreak! (Short One)". The song spent one week in the UK Top 40 in May 1997.

Big beat
Big beat is an electronic music genre that usually uses heavy breakbeats and synthesizer-generated loops and patterns –  common to acid house/techno. The term has been used by the British music industry to describe music by artists such as the Chemical Brothers, Fatboy Slim, the Crystal Method, Propellerheads, and Groove Armada.

Big beat achieved mainstream success during the 1990s, and achieved its critical and commercial peak between 1995 and 1999, with releases such as the Chemical Brothers’ Dig Your Own Hole, and Fatboy Slim's You've Come a Long Way, Baby, before quickly declining from 2001 onwards.
2023 Jordan Shield Cup
The 2023 Jordan FA Shield was the 36th Jordan FA Shield . As part of the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Kingdom of Jordan, this edition was called the Centennial Shield.

The 2023 Jordan FA Shield followed a different format than previous editions, where instead of having a group stage with two or more tables followed by play offs, the competition consisted of a single table made up of all 12 participating teams with the team having the most points at the end of the competition being crowned the winner. Al-Faisaly  won the title for the ninth time in its history after amassing 31 points.  All games were played at Prince Mohammed Stadium in Zarqa, Jordan.

Al-Faisaly SC
Al-Faisaly Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الفيصلي الرياضي) is a Jordanian professional football club based in Amman. Founded in 1932, the club competes in the Jordanian Pro League, the top flight of Jordanian football. Nicknamed "the Blue Eagles", they were founded as Al-Ashbal Club in 1932 .

They won 85 official titles, 35 league titles, 21 Jordan FA Cups, 17 Jordan Super Cups, and 10 Jordan FA Shield s being the record holder for all these competitions,  and 2 AFC Cups. Their rivals are Al-Wehdat, a club formed by a Palestinian refugee camp in Amman.
2016 Slovak Cup final
The 2016 Slovak Cup final decided the winner of the 2015–16 Slovak Cup, the 47th season of Slovakia's main football cup. It was played on 29 April 2016 at the Štadión Antona Malatinského in Trnava, between ŠK Slovan Bratislava and FK AS Trenčín. AS Trenčín defeated ŠK Slovan Bratislava 3-1.

Trnava
Trnava (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈtr̩naʋa] ⓘ, German: Tyrnau, German: [ˈtʏrnaʊ̯] ⓘ; Hungarian: Nagyszombat [ˈnɒcsombɒt], also known by other alternative names) is a city in western Slovakia, 47 km (29 mi) to the northeast of Bratislava, on the Trnávka river. It is the capital of the Trnava Region and the Trnava District. It is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishopric (1541–1820 and then again since 1977). The city has a historic center. Because of the many churches within its city walls, Trnava has often been called "Little Rome" (Slovak: Malý Rím, Latin: parva Roma), or more recently, the "Slovak Rome".
Vilna Shul
The Vilna Shul was an Orthodox Jewish synagogue located at 18 Phillips Street, on the north slope of Beacon Hill, in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. The synagogue building was built in 1919 for a congregation by immigrants primarily from Vilna, Lithuania.

The synagogue closed in the 1980s and has since been repurposed as The Vilna Shul – Boston’s Center for Jewish Culture, a cultural center, community center, and living museum with a focus on Jewish history.

Living museum
A living museum, also known as a living history museum, is a type of museum which recreates historical settings to simulate a past time period, providing visitors with an experiential interpretation of history.  It is a type of museum that recreates to the fullest extent conditions of a culture, natural environment or historical period, in an example of living history.
Charles A. Doswell III
Charles (Chuck) A. Doswell III (November 5, 1945 – January 18, 2025) was an American meteorologist and thunderstorm researcher. Doswell was an influential contributor, along with Leslie R. Lemon, to the modern understanding of the supercell, which was developed originally by Keith Browning. He also advanced extensive research on forecasting methodologies and forecast verification, especially regarding severe thunderstorms, and was an advocate of ingredients-based forecasting.

Keith Browning
Keith Anthony Browning (born 31 July 1938) is a British meteorologist who worked at Imperial College London, the Met Office, and the University of Reading departments of meteorology. His work with Frank Ludlam on the supercell thunderstorm at Wokingham, UK in 1962 was the first detailed study of such a storm. His research covered many areas of mesoscale meteorology including developing the theory of the sting jet. Arguably his greatest talent is his intuitive understanding of complex three-dimensional meteorological processes which he has described more simply using conceptual models.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1978. He was president of the Royal Meteorological Society from 1988 to 1990.

In 1992, Browning was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for fundamental contributions to the detection and understanding of storms, and the development of operational storm-detection and warning systems.
Noelene Swinton
Noelene Rae Horne (née Swinton; born 1933) is a former New Zealand high jumper.

At the 1950 British Empire Games she won the bronze medal in the women's high jump. At the following 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games she placed 5th in the high jump.

In 1959, she married Valentine Arthur Horne, who served as manager of the New Zealand badminton team at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. The couple went on to have six children, including cricketer Matt Horne, and Phil Horne, who represented New Zealand in both badminton and cricket.

1950 British Empire Games
The 1950 British Empire Games (Maori: 1950 Nga Keemu Emepaea o Ingarangi)  were the fourth staging of what is now called the Commonwealth Games. It was held in Auckland, New Zealand, between 4 and 11 February 1950, after a 12-year gap from the third edition of the games due to World War II. The fourth games were originally awarded to Montreal, Canada and were to be held in 1942 but were cancelled due to the War.

The Games were declared open by Sir Bernard Freyberg. The opening ceremony was held at Eden Park and was sold out with 40,000 people attending. Eden Park also served as the main venue, while the closing ceremonies were held at Western Springs Stadium. Other venues included the Auckland Town Hall and the Newmarket Olympic Pool.

Total attendances were 246,694; higher than the following three Games, 1954 (159,636), 1958 (178,621) and 1962 (224,987).

A 1950 British Empire Games documentary film of the games was made by the New Zealand National Film Unit.