hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Manipur
The history of the Indian state of Manipur is reflected by archaeological research, mythology and written history. Historically, Manipur was an independent sovereign kingdom ruled by Meitei dynasty but at different point of time it was invaded and rule over by other state and authority. The Kangleipak State developed under King Loiyumba with its first written constitution in the early 12th century. Manipur under the 18th-century king Pamheiba saw the legendary burning of sacred scripture.

Manipur became a princely state under British rule in 1891 after the Anglo-Manipur war, the last of the independent states to be incorporated into British Raj as a princely state. During the Second World War, Manipur was the scene of battles between Japanese and Allied forces. After the war, Maharaja Bodhachandra signed a Treaty of Accession merging the kingdom into India. It was made a union territory in 1956 and a full-fledged state in 21 January 1972.

Operation U-Go
The U Go offensive, or Operation C (Japanese: ウ号作戦, U Gō sakusen), was the Japanese offensive launched in March 1944 against forces of the British Empire in the northeast Indian regions of Manipur and the Naga Hills (then administered as part of Assam). Aimed at the Brahmaputra Valley, through the towns of Imphal and Kohima, the offensive along with the overlapping Ha Go offensive was one of the last Japanese offensives during the Second World War. The offensive culminated in the Battles of Imphal and Kohima, where the Japanese and their allies were first held and then pushed back.
Canton of Le Tricastin
The canton of Le Tricastin is an administrative division of the Drôme department, southeastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Pierrelatte.

It consists of the following communes:

Drôme
Drôme (French pronunciation: [dʁom] ⓘ; Occitan: Droma; Arpitan: Drôma) is the southernmost department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. Named after the river Drôme, it had a population of 516,762 as of 2019. Drôme's prefecture is Valence.

The southern portion of the Drôme, closest to Provence, is often known as the fr:Drôme Provençale.
British Rail Class 465
The British Rail Class 465 Networker are electric multiple unit passenger trains that were built by Metro-Cammell, British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL) and ABB Rail between 1991 and 1994. Originally operated by Network SouthEast, these units are now operated by Southeastern.

Networker (train)
The Networker is a family of multiple-unit passenger trains which operate on the British railway system. They were built in the late 1980s and early 1990s by British Rail Engineering Limited (which became part of ABB in September 1992) and Metro Cammell. The trains were built for the Network SouthEast (NSE) sector of British Rail, which is where their name comes from.
Tom Walsh (shot putter)
Tomas Walsh (born 1 March 1992) is a New Zealand athlete who competes mainly in the shot put. He is the current national record holder both outdoors and indoors for the event. His personal best of 22.90 m (75 ft 1+1⁄2 in), set in Doha, 5 October 2019, is also the Oceanian record and makes him the seventh best shot putter in history.

Walsh was the bronze medallist at the 2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships, the silver medallist at the 2014 Commonwealth Games, 4th at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics, winner of the 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships, the bronze medallist at the 2016 Summer Olympics, the gold medallist at the 2017 World Championships and the bronze medallist at the 2019 World Championships, 2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships and the 2020 Summer Olympics, and gold medallist at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

2017 World Championships in Athletics
The 2017 IAAF World Championships, the sixteenth edition of the IAAF World Championships, were held from 4 to 13 August at London Stadium in London, United Kingdom. London was officially awarded the championships on 11 November 2011.
Frustration Dome
Frustration Dome (68°0′S 64°33′E﻿ / ﻿68.000°S 64.550°E﻿ / -68.000; 64.550) is a large crevassed ice dome about 38 nautical miles (70 km) southeast of Mount Henderson in Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica. The dome was the site of a tellurometer station established during an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) traverse from Mawson Station to Mount Kjerka in 1967, and was so named by ANARE because the traverse party was delayed here by vehicle breakdown, delaying completion of the survey until the next spring.

Mount Kjerka
Mount Kjerka (68°3′S 66°4′E﻿ / ﻿68.050°S 66.067°E﻿ / -68.050; 66.067) is a mountain, 865 metres (2,840 ft) high, at the south end of the Gustav Bull Mountains, 11 nautical miles (20 km) south of Mount Marsden, in Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37) and named Kjerka (the church).
John Kissel (Connecticut politician)
John Andrew Kissel is an American politician. Kissel, a Republican, has been a state senator from Connecticut since 1993.

Kissel, a resident of Enfield, represents East Granby, Enfield, Granby, Somers, Suffield, Windsor, and Windsor Locks in the Connecticut Senate.

Kissel was born Worcester, Massachusetts and raised in Windsor. He is a graduate of the University of Connecticut and the Western New England College School of Law.

Kissel is currently employed as a corporate attorney for Eversource, an energy company serving much of Connecticut.

Somers, Connecticut
Somers (/ˈsʌmərs/ SUM-ərss) is a town in Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 10,255 at the 2020 census. The town center is listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place (CDP). In 2007, Money Magazine listed Somers 53rd on its "100 Best Places to Live", based on "economic opportunity, good schools, safe streets, things to do and a real sense of community."

Bordering Massachusetts, Somers is considered part of the city of Springfield NECTA. Somers is 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Springfield and considered more oriented toward it  than the city of Hartford, which lies 22 miles (35 km) to the southwest.
Officer Rimmer
"Officer Rimmer" is the fourth episode of Red Dwarf XI and the 65th in the series run. Originally broadcast on the British television channel Dave on 13 October 2016, it was made available early on 7 October 2016 on UKTV Play.

After accidentally saving a valuable Space Corps starship, Rimmer is promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant and the power quickly goes to his head.

U&Dave
U&Dave is a British free-to-air television channel owned by UKTV, a subsidiary of BBC Studios. It is known for broadcasting modern comedy and factual programming, with both original production and repeats.

Launched in October 1998 as UK Gold Classics, the channel would undergo various identity and format changes before adopting the Dave branding on 15 October 2007. It was renamed U&Dave in July 2024 to mark the streaming service UKTV Play being renamed as U.

U&DaveJaVu is its sister timeshift channel. Unlike other commercial channels, it doesn't have a "+1" next to it and is named after the term déjà vu.
1967 NCAA skiing championships
The 1967 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at Sugarloaf ski area in Carrabassett Valley, Maine at the 14th annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States.

Denver, coached by Willy Schaeffler, captured their eleventh, and seventh consecutive, national championship, edging Wyoming by less than a point in the team standings.

No individual champions from the previous year repeated, but two reclaimed titles won two years earlier, Rick Chaffee (slalom) and Matz Jennsen (nordic).

Denver Pioneers ski team
The University of Denver Ski Team is a collegiate team that has won a record 24 NCAA  Championships the first dating back to 1954. Under the direction of coach Willy Schaeffler, a member of the National Ski Hall of Fame, the Pioneers skied their way to 13 championships. Under Schaeffler's leadership, the University of Denver Ski Team "completely dominated intercollegiate skiing" in the United States for two decades.
  Schaeffler's "passion for preparedness" and tough training regimen yielded "remarkable" success in competition.

The program was absent from 1984–1992, but surged back onto the national scene winning eight of the first 12 NCAA Championships this century. The Alpine team currently practices less than 70 miles away from campus at Winter Park Resort. The Nordic team calls Devil's Thumb Ranch Resort home, only 78 miles from the university.
Elijah 'Tap Tap' Makhatini
Elijah 'Tap Tap' Makhatini (born 3 October 1942) is a retired South African middleweight boxer.

Makhatini was born in Eshowe in Zululand in 1942, he started his boxing career in Stanger, Natal in the 1970s.

On 17 August 1974 Makhatini fought in South Africa's first multiracial boxing tournament, which was held at the Rand Stadium in Johannesburg and was promoted by Maurice Toweel. Makhatini fought Juarez de Lima of Brazil and Makhatini won on points.

In 1975 Makhatini faced Emile Griffith the U.S. Virgin Islands boxer in the Orlando Stadium in Soweto and beat him on points.

He was awarded the Order of Ikhamanga in silver for boxing.

Eshowe
Eshowe is the oldest town of European settlement in Zululand,  historically also known as Eziqwaqweni, Ekowe or kwaMondi. Eshowe's name is said to be inspired by the sound of wind blowing through the more than 4 km2 of the indigenous Dlinza Forest, the most important and striking feature of the town. Although the name is most likely to be derived from the Zulu word for the Xysmalobium shrubs, showe or shongwe.

Today Eshowe is a market town, with a 100 km radius catchment area, two shopping centres, a main bus station serving the hinterland, a major hospital, and several schools.
2018 Big West Conference men's soccer season
The 2018 Big West Conference men's soccer season is the 36th consecutive season of men's college soccer in the Big West Conference under the 2018 NCAA Division I men's soccer season. The season will feature eight teams, where one is an affiliate member of the conference. Sacramento State will compete from the Big Sky Conference. Colleges in the Big West will begin competition on August 24, 2018, and conclude on November 9, 2018 after the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. Prior to the NCAA Division I Tournament Championship, there will be a postseason conference tournament held at the university with the highest seed in the postseason conference tournament, where the winner is guaranteed to represent the Big West in the NCAA Division I Tournament. Hawaii and Long Beach State have defunct programs in this season.

2018 NCAA Division I men's soccer season
The 2018 NCAA Division I men's soccer season was the 60th season of NCAA championship men's college soccer.  The regular season began on August 24, 2018, and continued into the first weekend of November 2018. The season culminated with the four-team College Cup at Meredith Field at Harder Stadium in Santa Barbara, California, December 7–9, 2018. There were 206 teams in men's Division I competition. The Maryland Terrapins won their fourth NCAA title, defeating the Akron Zips 1–0.
Dash!
Dash! (ダッシュ！, Dasshu!) is a Japanese manga anthology comprising two stories written and illustrated by Isaku Natsume. It is licensed for sale in North America by Digital Manga Publishing, which released the manga on 25 November 2007.

Digital Manga
Digital Manga is a California-based publishing company that licenses and releases Japanese manga, anime, and related merchandise in the English language.

Digital Manga also owns and operates eManga, a digital publishing site for manga and light novels, that publishes books and e-book editions of works from other publishers.

The non-publishing division includes Pop Japan Travel (a tour service) and several e-retail sites for books and for import products, including Akadot Retail and Yaoi Club.

Since 2011, Digital Manga has utilized Kickstarter for funds. The first Kickstarter project was to reprint Osamu Tezuka's titles, and the most successful project to be funded was to print the Finder series by Yamane Ayano.
Shaw's dark ground snake
Shaw's dark ground snake (Erythrolamprus melanotus), also known commonly as Shaw's black-backed snake, and in Spanish as candelilla, guarda caminos, and reinita cazadora, is a species of snake in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The species is native to northern South America.

Colubridae
Colubridae (/kəˈluːbrɪdiː/, commonly known as colubrids /ˈkɒljʊbrɪdz/, from Latin: coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Stamp sand
Stamp sand is a coarse sand left over from the processing of ore in a stamp mill. In the United States, the most well-known deposits of stamp sand are in the Copper Country of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, where it is black or dark gray, and may contain hazardous concentrations of trace metals.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many metal mines used stamp mills to process ore-bearing rock. The rock was brought to a stamp mill to be crushed. After crushing the material was mechanically separated to extract metals, or chemically treated by acids if the metal could be leached out. The size of the crushed material depended on the nature of the ore found in each mining district.

Leaching (metallurgy)
Leaching is a process widely used in extractive metallurgy where ore is treated with chemicals to convert the valuable metals within the ore, into soluble salts while the impurity remains insoluble. These can then be washed out and processed to give the pure metal; the materials left over are commonly known as tailings.

Compared to pyrometallurgy, leaching is easier to perform, requires less energy and is potentially less harmful as no gaseous pollution occurs. Drawbacks of leaching include its lower efficiency and the often significant quantities of waste effluent and tailings produced, which are usually either highly acidic or alkali as well as toxic (e.g. bauxite tailings).

There are four types of leaching:

Cyanide leaching (e.g. gold ore)

Ammonia leaching (e.g. crushed ore)

Alkali leaching (e.g. bauxite ore)

Acid leaching (e.g. sulfide ore)

Leaching is also notable in the extraction of rare earth elements, which consists of lanthanides, yttrium and scandium.
Espinasse, Puy-de-Dôme
Espinasse (French pronunciation: [ɛspinas]; Occitan: Espinassa) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.
Small farming village in the Pays of Combrailles, in the canton of Saint-Éloy-les-Mines, the village is nestled in a hollow, about nine kilometers west of the town of Saint-Gervais-d'Auvergne.

During the Middle Ages and the Early modern period, the region of Combrailles was of paramount importance at territorial level because it was located at the crossroads of several lordships (Bourbonnais, Auvergne and Limousin). Therefore, the town of Espinasse suffered this proximity and was divided into fiefs belonging among others to the House of Le Loup, the House of Montmorency and the House of La Fayette.

Auvergne
Auvergne (/oʊˈvɛərn(jə), oʊˈvɜːrn/; French: [ovɛʁɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Auvèrnhe or Auvèrnha) is a cultural region in central France. It is now largely part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes administrative region.

Auvergne is generally regarded as conterminous with the land area of the historical Province of Auvergne, which was dissolved in 1790, and with the now-defunct administrative region of Auvergne, which existed from 1956 to 2015.

The region is home to a chain of volcanoes known collectively as the "chaîne des Puys". The volcanoes began forming about 70,000 years ago, and most have eroded, leaving plugs of hardened magma that form rounded hilltops known as puys. The last confirmed eruption occurred around 4040 BCE.
Don Berry (author)
Don George Berry (January 23, 1932 – February 20, 2001) was an American author and artist best known for his trilogy of historical novels about early settlers in the Oregon Country. Described as one of "Oregon's best fiction writers of the post-World War II generation", and a "Forgotten Beat", Berry's second novel, Moontrap (1962), was nominated for the National Book Award in 1963.

Vanport, Oregon
Vanport, sometimes referred to as Vanport City or Kaiserville, was a city of wartime public housing in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States, between the contemporary Portland city boundary and the Columbia River. It was destroyed in the 1948 Columbia River flood and not rebuilt. It sat on what is currently the site of Delta Park and the Portland International Raceway.
Richard Weiner
Richard Weiner is the name of:

Richard Weiner (Czech writer) (1884–1937), Czech writer

Richard Weiner (American author) (1927–2014), American writer

Richard M. Weiner (born 1930), Romanian theoretical physics professor

Richard M. Weiner
Richard M. Weiner (6 February 1930 – 13 August 2020) was a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Marburg in Marburg, Germany and an associate of the Laboratoire de Physique Théorique at Paris-Sud University in Orsay, France.
Hodograph
A hodograph is a diagram that gives a vectorial visual representation of the movement of a body or a fluid. It is the locus of one end of a variable vector, with the other end fixed. The position of any plotted data on such a diagram is proportional to the velocity of the moving particle. It is also called a velocity diagram. It appears to have been used by James Bradley, but its practical development is mainly from Sir William Rowan Hamilton, who published an account of it in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy in 1846.

Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.
Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a fast-growing sector making up an important part in the economy of the country.

Beside a number of spots and attractions in Sarajevo and Mostar, as the country's principal tourist destinations, Bosnia and Herzegovina is regaining its reputation as an excellent ski destination with its Olympic mountain ski resorts such as Jahorina, Bjelašnica and Igman.

The tourist business environment is constantly developing with an increasingly active tourism promotional system.
In 2019, 1.990.451 tourists visited Bosnia and Herzegovina, an increase of 23,6%  and had 4.100.401 overnight hotel stays, a 22.6% increase from the previous year. Also, 74.4% ( 1.48 million ) of the tourists came from foreign countries.

Jajce
Jajce (Serbian Cyrillic: Јајце) is a town and municipality in the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the town has a population of 7,172 inhabitants, with 27,258 inhabitants in the municipality, It is situated in the region of Bosanska Krajina, on the crossroads between Banja Luka, Mrkonjić Grad, and Donji Vakuf, and on the confluence of the rivers Pliva and Vrbas.
Augusta and Summerville Railroad
The Augusta and Summerville Railroad (reporting mark AUS) is a railroad in Georgia, United States.

It was chartered in 1866 and operated until 1888 using horses to pull rail cars over a 7-mile route. Eventually the horses were retired and the A&S ended up operating a 3-mile railroad to provide connections between other railroads.

Between 1897 and 1900, the A&S was sold jointly to the Southern Railway, the Central of Georgia Railway, the Charleston and Western Carolina Railway and the Georgia Railroad.

The A&S is currently operated as a switching line jointly owned by CSX Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railway.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Ridge Racer 7
Ridge Racer 7 is a 2006 racing video game developed and published by Namco Bandai Games for the PlayStation 3. An installment in the Ridge Racer series, it is an enhanced version of Xbox 360 exclusive Ridge Racer 6 with more content, releasing as a launch title for the console.

The game has around 40 cars, many of which are from Ridge Racer 6 and Ridge Racer (PSP). There are also 22 courses, available in forward, reverse and mirrored. The game runs at 1080p native resolution and 60 frames per second. It also features Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound and free online gameplay via the PlayStation Network. Like many other Ridge Racer games, it features a full motion video opening that stars mascot Reiko Nagase.

The game received positive reviews from critics. A patch was made available in October 2010 titled Ridge Racer 7 3D License Version that enables Ridge Racer 7 to be played in 3D. Following this, Bugbear developed the drastically different Ridge Racer Unbounded, released in 2012.

Bandai Namco Entertainment
Bandai Namco Entertainment Inc. is a Japanese multinational video game publisher, and the video game branch of the wider Bandai Namco Holdings group. Founded in 2006 as Namco Bandai Games Inc., it is the successor to Namco's home and arcade video game business, as well as Bandai's former equivalent division. Development operations were spun off into a new company in 2012, Namco Bandai Studios, now called Bandai Namco Studios.

Bandai Namco Entertainment owns several multi-million video game franchises, including Pac-Man,  Tekken, Soulcalibur, Tales, Ace Combat, Taiko no Tatsujin, The Idolmaster, Ridge Racer, Dark Souls, .hack and Little Nightmares. Pac-Man himself serves as the official mascot of the company. The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises, such as Shonen Jump, Gundam, Kamen Rider, Super Sentai, Sword Art Online, and the Ultra Series.
Wallace Battery
Wallace Battery was an artillery battery located on the northern side of the entrance to the Hunter River at Stockton, New South Wales, Australia. The battery was part of Fortress Newcastle. Two 6 inch Mk VII guns were installed at Fort Wallace in 1913. In 1940 the 6 inch guns were replaced by two 9.2-inch Mk X guns in emplacements.

The two 6 inch Mk. VII naval guns from Wallace Battery, were installed at Praed Point Battery, Rabaul.

BL 9.2-inch Mk IX – X naval gun
The BL 9.2-inch Mk IX and Mk X guns were British breech loading 9.2-inch (234 mm) guns of 46.7 calibre, in service from 1899 to the 1950s as naval and coast defence guns. They had possibly the longest, most varied and successful service history of any British heavy ordnance.