hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mohamed Tawfik
Mohamed Tawfik (born 1956) is an Egyptian novelist, engineer and diplomat. His published works include a trilogy of novels in Arabic:

One Night in the Life of Abd al-Tawab Tootoo (1996)

A Naughty Boy Called Antar (2003)

Candy Girl (2010) (part of the curriculum at American University in Cairo)

He has also published two short story collections and a novella. In English he has published a short story collection The Day the Moon Fell and two novels: Murder in the Tower of Happiness and Candy Girl, translated from Arabic. His 2021 Arabic novel The Whisper of the Scorpion was longlisted for the Arabic Booker Prize.

A longtime diplomat, he served as Egyptian ambassador to Lebanon, to Australia and to the USA.

American University in Cairo
The American University in Cairo (AUC; Arabic: الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة, romanized: al-Jāmi‘a al-’Amrīkiyya bi-l-Qāhira) is a private research university in New Cairo, Egypt. The university offers American-style learning programs at undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels, along with a continuing education program. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education in the United States and Egypt's National Authority for Quality Assurance and Assessment of Education.
Hammam Ben Abbad
Hammam Ben Abbad or Hammam Ibn Abbad is a historic hammam (bathhouse) in the medina (old city) of Fes, Morocco. It is located in the Kettanin neighbourhood south of the Zawiya of Moulay Idris, near the Funduq Kettanin. The hammam dates from the 14th century and was recently restored during a major rehabilitation program involving over two dozen other historic monuments in the city. Its name comes from a local Muslim saint who is associated with the building, and the waters of the hammam were believed to have healing properties. Entered from the north, the hammam has the usual series of rooms inherited from the Roman bathhouse model: an undressing room (equivalent to an apodyterium), a cold room (frigidarium), warm room (tepidarium), and a hot room (calderium). The hammam was part of the habous (endowment) of the Qarawiyyin Mosque.

Medina quarter
A medina (from Arabic: مدينة, romanized: madīnah, lit. 'city') is a historical district in a number of North African cities, often corresponding to an old walled city. The term comes from the Arabic word simply meaning "city" or "town".
Sick with Love
"Sick with Love" is a song by Australian singer and songwriter Robyn Loau. The song was released as her debut solo single in September 1997, serving as the lead single from her debut studio album, Malaria: The Lost Album, which was not released until 2009 due to Polydor Records replacing their staff shortly before the album's planned launch in 1998. "Sick with Love" peaked at number 21 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and polled at number 71 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 1997 countdown.

Triple J's Hottest 100 of 1997
The 1997 Triple J Hottest 100, was a countdown of the most popular songs of the year, according to listeners of the Australian radio station Triple J, and was broadcast on January 26, 1998. A CD featuring 31 of the songs was released. A countdown of the videos of most of the songs was also shown on the ABC music series Rage.
The announcement of "No Aphrodisiac" as the year's most popular song was announced by former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, the namesake of the winning group.
Holland's Next Top Model season 2
The second cycle of Holland's Next Top Model premiered on 12 March 2007 on RTL 5. All of the previous season's judges returned for the new cycle, with the addition of former model and runway coach Mariana Verkerk as a new panel member. Stylist Hildo Groen  replaced makeup artist Dominique Samuel as a mentor for the contestants. This was the first cycle of the show to feature a live finale, with a combined vote from the public and the judges to determine the winner.

The prizes for this cycle included a modelling contract with Max Models valued at €50,000, an additional contract with Ice Models in South Africa, a cover feature for Glamour magazine, and a brand new Mercedes-Benz.

The winner of the competition was 21-year-old Kim Feenstra from Groningen.

Glamour (magazine)
Glamour is a multinational online women's magazine published by Condé Nast Publications and based in New York City. It was originally called Glamour of Hollywood. From 1939 to 2019, Glamour was a print magazine. Due to decreasing numbers of subscribers, Glamour's last print edition was in January 2019.
ESO 444-46
ESO 444-46 (Shapley 8-1, A3558-M1) is a class E4 supergiant elliptical galaxy; the dominant and brightest member of the Abell 3558 galaxy cluster around 200.8 megaparsecs (654.9 million light-years) away in the constellation Centaurus. It lies within the core of the massive Shapley Supercluster, one of the closest neighboring superclusters. It is one of the largest galaxies in the local universe, and possibly contains one of the most massive black holes known. The black hole's mass is very uncertain, with estimates ranging from as low as 501 million M☉, to as high as 77.6 billion M☉.

Galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, with typical masses ranging from 1014 to 1015 solar masses. Clusters consist of galaxies, heated gas, and dark matter. They are the biggest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe. They were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as galaxy groups rather than clusters of galaxies. Together, galaxy groups and clusters form superclusters.
Maireana prosthecochaeta
Maireana prosthecochaeta is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae, and is endemic to the north-west of Western Australia. It is an open, densely-leaved, glabrous shrub with erect branches, almost terete leaves, bisexual flowers arranged singly, and a glabrous, dark brown fruiting perianth with a horizontal wing.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Wisconsin Highway 106
State Trunk Highway 106 (also called Highway 106, STH-106 or WIS 106) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It runs east–west in southeastern Wisconsin between Albion and Palmyra, Jefferson County.

Albion, Dane County, Wisconsin
The Town of Albion is located in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,069 at the 2020 Census. The unincorporated communities of Albion, Highwood, Hillside, and Indian Heights are located in the town.
1973 AIAW National Basketball Championship
The 1973 AIAW women's basketball tournament was held on March 22–25, 1973.  The host site was Queens College in Flushing, New York.  Sixteen teams participated, and Immaculata College, now known as Immaculata University, was crowned national champion at the conclusion of the tournament, for the second straight year.

Immaculata finished the season undefeated (20–0), becoming the first undefeated national champion in women's college basketball.

Immaculata University
Immaculata University is a private Catholic university in East Whiteland Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded by the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary.

The university has 1,427 traditional undergraduate and adult undergraduate students, and more than 1,000 graduate and doctoral students. The university is located on more than 300 acres (120 ha).
2018–2019 Swedish government formation
In the 2018 Swedish general election, no political group or party won an outright majority, resulting in a hung parliament. On 9 September, the Red-Greens, led by Stefan Löfven's Social Democrats (S), emerged as the main political force in the Riksdag, while the centre-right Alliance led by Ulf Kristersson's Moderate Party only got one seat less. The right-wing populist party Sweden Democrats, led by Jimmie Åkesson, came third. As a result, protracted negotiations were required before a new government formation.  On 18 January 2019, Löfven was re-elected as prime minister.

Confidence and supply
In parliamentary democracies, especially those based on the Westminster system, confidence and supply is an arrangement under which a minority government (one which does not control a majority in the legislature) receives the support of one or more parties or independent MPs on confidence votes and the state budget ("supply"). On issues other than those outlined in the confidence and supply agreement, non-government partners to the agreement are not bound to support the government on any given piece of legislation.

A coalition government is a more formal arrangement than a confidence-and-supply agreement in which junior parties (i.e., parties other than the largest) are generally expected to hold the government whip on passing legislation and formally participate in the government, with members holding office in the cabinet and ministerial roles.
Quantum decoherence
Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence.  It involves generally a loss of information of a system to its environment. Quantum decoherence has been studied to understand how quantum systems convert to systems that can be explained by classical mechanics.  Beginning out of attempts to extend the understanding of quantum mechanics, the theory has developed in several  directions and experimental studies have confirmed some of the key issues. Quantum computing relies on quantum coherence and is one of the primary practical applications of the concept.

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Follow the Leader (1930 film)
Follow the Leader (also released as Manhattan Mary) is a 1930 American pre-Code musical comedy film co-directed by Norman Taurog and Albert Parker. It stars Ginger Rogers and Ed Wynn in his film debut. The screenplay by Gertrude Purcell and Sid Silvers is based on a play by William K. Wells, George White and Lew Brown, with songs by Buddy DeSylva and Ray Henderson. It was produced and distributed by Paramount Publix Corporation.

Buddy DeSylva
George Gard "Buddy" DeSylva (January 27, 1895 – July 11, 1950) was an American songwriter, film producer and record executive. He wrote or co-wrote many popular songs, and, along with Johnny Mercer and Glenn Wallichs, he co-founded Capitol Records.
The Complete James Brown Christmas
The Complete James Brown Christmas is a compilation album by James Brown. The double album CD set was released on October 12, 2010, on Hip-O-Select. It comprises all the tracks from James Brown Sings Christmas Songs (1966), A Soulful Christmas (1968), and Hey America (1970) and adds relevant singles and single edits.

A Soulful Christmas
A Soulful Christmas is the 22nd studio album and second Christmas album by American musician James Brown. The album was released in November of 1968, by King Records. It was the fifth album that Brown had released that year.
Robert Neubauer
Robert Neubauer (7 December 1895 – 3 May 1969) was a Slovene doctor, specialising in phthisiology.

Neubauer was born in Vienna in 1895 to a German father and a Slovene mother. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna and graduated in 1922. In 1923 he started running the Hospital for Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases in Golnik, making it one of the leading hospitals of its kind in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After the German invasion of Yugoslavia he was arrested and moved to Ljubljana. In 1942 he joined the Slovene Liberation Front and in 1944 joined the partisans. After the war he worked for the Yugoslav Red Cross and World Health Organization. He died in 1969 in Ljubljana.

Within his cooperation with the WHO Neubauer travelled extensively and after a visit to Sri Lanka wrote a book entitled Ceylon published in 1957 for which he won the Levstik Award in 1958.

Neubauer was a full member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1961.

Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Slovene: Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti (SAZU)) is the national academy of Slovenia, which encompasses science and the arts and brings together the top Slovene researchers and artists as members of the academy.
Ermengol VIII
Ermengol or Armengol VIII (1158–1208), known as el de Sant Hilari ("the one from Sant Hilari") was the count of Urgell from 1184 until his death. He was a son of Ermengol VII and Dulce, daughter of Roger III of Foix.

In 1178, he married Elvira of Subirats, with whom he had an only daughter, Aurembiaix.

During his reign, the decline of his house was initiated at the hands of the viscounts of Àger. In 1206, a period of disorder commenced owing to the ambitions of Guerau IV of Cabrera, who disputed the right of Aurembiaix to succeed. Ermengol extracted a promise from Peter II of Aragon to defend the rights of his widow and daughter.

Elvira of Subirats
Elvira de Subirats (died 1220), was an Andorran regent. She was the regent of the County of Urgell during the minority of her daughter Aurembiaix in 1209-1220.

She married Arnaud I of Castelbon and became the mother of Aurembiaix.

After Arnaud's death in 1208, Elvira married Guillem IV de Cervera.
Apfelschorle
Apfelschorle (pronounced [ˈapfəlʃɔɐ̯lə] ⓘ) (apple spritzer), also Apfelsaftschorle (apple juice spritzer) or Apfelsaft gespritzt (splashed apple juice, more widely used in Hessen, Bavaria, and Austria) in German, is a popular soft drink in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. It consists of carbonated mineral water and apple juice. The broader category Fruchtschorle consists of any fruit juice mixed with carbonated water, but Apfelschorle is by far the most common. Spritzer (that is, wine mixed with carbonated water) is called Weinschorle.

Mineral water
Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. It is usually still, but may be sparkling (carbonated/effervescent).

Traditionally, mineral waters were used or consumed at their spring sources, often referred to as "taking the waters" or "taking the cure", at places such as spas, baths and wells.

Today, it is far more common for mineral water to be bottled at the source for distributed consumption. Travelling to the mineral water site for direct access to the water is now uncommon, and in many cases not possible because of exclusive commercial ownership rights. More than 4,000 brands of mineral water are commercially available worldwide.

In many places the term "mineral water" is colloquially used to mean any bottled carbonated water or soda water, as opposed to tap water.
WCHY
WCHY (97.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Cheboygan, Michigan, United States. The station airs a format consisting of local talk shows and oldies and is currently owned by Michigan Broadcasters LLC. The station previously aired a country music format branded as "Straits Country", which originated on WWSS 95.3 FM in Tuscarora Township and moved to WCHY on March 12, 2018.

Cheboygan, Michigan
Cheboygan (/ʃəˈbɔɪɡən/ shə-BOY-gən) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of and the largest settlement in Cheboygan County. At the 2020 census, Cheboygan had a population of 4,770.

Cheboygan is situated on Lake Huron at the mouth of the Cheboygan River. It is the third-largest American city on Lake Huron after Port Huron and Alpena. Cheboygan is part of Northern Michigan, and is the northernmost city in Michigan's Lower Peninsula. Directly north of Cheboygan is Bois Blanc Island (part of Mackinac County), which can be accessed via ferry from Cheboygan.
Hodgeman Islands
The Hodgeman Islands are a group of small islands lying close to the coast of Antarctica, 7 kilometres (4 nmi) west-southwest of Cape De la Motte, in the eastern part of the entrance to Watt Bay. They were discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, who named the islands for Alfred Hodgeman, a cartographer and assistant meteorologist with the expedition.

Watt Bay
Watt Bay (67°2′S 144°0′E﻿ / ﻿67.033°S 144.000°E﻿ / -67.033; 144.000) is a bay about 16 nautical miles (30 km) wide indenting the coast between Garnet Point and Cape De la Motte. Discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, who named it for W.A. Watt, Premier of Victoria in 1911.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Watt Bay". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
1895 in birding and ornithology
Birds described in 1895 include  alder flycatcher, banded whiteface, black-capped catbird, Cocos flycatcher, frill-necked monarch, dark-eared myza, Gillett's lark, Grey-headed honeyeater, trilling tailorbird

Banded whiteface
The banded whiteface (Aphelocephala nigricincta) is a species of bird in the family Acanthizidae. It is endemic to dryer regions of Australia.

The ornithologist Alfred John North described the banded whiteface as Xerophila nigricincta in 1895, from specimens collected at Missionary Plains, Northern Territory. Harry Church Oberholser pointed out that this genus name was invalid as it had been given to a genus of mollusc, hence it gained its current name Aphelocephala nigricincta in 1899.
Renji Hospital
Renji Hospital (simplified Chinese: 仁济医院; traditional Chinese: 仁濟醫院; pinyin: Rénjì Yīyuàn) is a general hospital in the Pudong District of Shanghai, China, with the rank of "Grade 3, Class A". The hospital is a university hospital affiliated to  the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Egg roll
The egg roll is a variety of a deep-fried appetizer served in American Chinese restaurants.  It is a cylindrical, savory roll with shredded cabbage, chopped meat, or other fillings inside a thickly wrapped wheat flour skin, which is fried in hot oil. Despite its name, egg rolls generally do not contain egg.

The dish is served warm, and is usually eaten with the fingers, dipped in duck sauce, soy sauce, plum sauce, or hot mustard, often from a cellophane packet. Egg rolls are a ubiquitous feature of American Chinese cuisine.

Soy sauce
Soy sauce (sometimes called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of Chinese origin, traditionally made from a fermented paste of soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus sojae molds. It is recognized for its saltiness and pronounced umami taste.

Soy sauce was created in its current form about 2,200 years ago during the Western Han dynasty of ancient China. Since then, it has become an important ingredient in East and Southeast Asian cooking as well as a condiment worldwide.
Jeroen Dijsselbloem
Jeroen René Victor Anton Dijsselbloem (Dutch: [jəˈrun rəˈneː ˈvɪktɔr ˈɑntɔn ˈdɛisəlblum]; born 29 March 1966) is a Dutch politician and economist serving as Mayor of Eindhoven since 13 September 2022, succeeding John Jorritsma (VVD). A member of the Labour Party (PvdA), he has also been Chairman of the supervisory board of Wageningen University since 1 April 2019.

Dijsselbloem was Minister of Finance in the Second Rutte cabinet, serving from 5 November 2012 to 26 October 2017. He also served as President of the Eurogroup from 21 January 2013 to 12 January 2018 and President of the Board of Governors of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) from 11 February 2013 until 12 January 2018. He was successively Chairman of the Dutch Safety Board from 1 May 2019 to September 2022.

Engineer's degree
An engineer's degree is an advanced academic degree in engineering which is conferred in Europe, some countries of Asia and Latin America, North Africa and a few institutions in the United States. The degree may require a thesis but always requires a non-abstract project. The duration of study typically ranges from 4 to 5 years, depending on the country and university. Additionally, there may be further requirements for certifications or licenses to practice engineering after graduation.
FFV 890
The FFV 890 was a Swedish assault rifle manufactured and designed by Försvarets Fabriksverk. The FFV 890 was based on the IMI Galil through a manufacturing licence, which in turn was based on the Finnish Valmet RK 62 and ultimately the Soviet AK-47. The FFV 890 was designed between 1975 and 1980, and its final iteration, FFV 890C, competed in the Swedish Armed Forces trials for the new 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle, where it ended up as a runner-up to the FN FNC, which was then chosen as the Ak 5. The FFV 890C was never widely adopted by any service, though some rifles were used by the Swedish police.

Assault rifle
An assault rifle is a select fire rifle that uses an intermediate-rifle cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles were first put into mass production and accepted into widespread service during World War II. The first assault rifle to see major usage was the German StG 44, a development of the earlier Mkb 42. While immediately after World War II, NATO countries were equipped with battle rifles, the development of the M16 rifle during the Vietnam War prompted the adoption of assault rifles by the rest of NATO. By the end of the 20th century, assault rifles had become the standard weapon in most of the world's armies, replacing full-powered rifles and submachine guns in most roles. The two most successful modern assault rifles are the AK-47 and the M16 designs and their derivatives.