hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aspherical space
In topology, a branch of mathematics, an aspherical space is a path connected topological space with all homotopy groups  equal to 0 when .

If one works with CW complexes, one can reformulate this condition: an aspherical CW complex is a CW complex whose universal cover is contractible. Indeed, contractibility of a universal cover is the same, by Whitehead's theorem, as asphericality of it. And it is an application of the exact sequence of a fibration that higher homotopy groups of a space and its universal cover are same. (By the same argument, if E is a path-connected space and  is any covering map, then E is aspherical if and only if B is aspherical.)

Each aspherical space X is, by definition, an Eilenberg–MacLane space of type , where  is the fundamental group of X.  Also directly from the definition, an aspherical space is a  classifying space for its fundamental group (considered to be a topological group when endowed with the discrete topology).

Discrete space
In topology, a discrete space is a particularly simple example of a topological space or similar structure, one in which the points form a discontinuous sequence, meaning they are isolated from each other in a certain sense. The discrete topology is the finest topology that can be given on a set. Every subset is open in the discrete topology so that in particular, every singleton subset is an open set in the discrete topology.
2011 Fukuoka International Women's Cup
The 2011 Fukuoka International Women's Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on carpet courts. It was part of the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Fukuoka, Japan between 2 and 9 May 2011.

Aiko Nakamura
Aiko Nakamura (中村藍子, Nakamura Aiko) (born 28 December 1983), is a Japanese former professional tennis player. In July 2008, she was the second highest WTA-ranked Japanese singles tennis player, at No. 107, after Ai Sugiyama.

Nakamura was born in Tennōji-ku, Osaka. Like her role-model Monica Seles, she had a double-handed forehand and backhand, but served right-handed. She won four singles and three doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. In 2006, she reached the final of the Japan Open in Tokyo, where she lost to Marion Bartoli in three sets.

Nakamura also played for the Japan Fed Cup team. She retired from professional tennis in 2012.
Xong language
The Xong language (Dut Xonb [tu53 ɕõ35]) is the northernmost Hmongic language, spoken in south-central China by around 0.9 million people. It is called Xiangxi Miaoyu (湘西苗语, "Western Hunan Miao") in Chinese, as well as Eastern Miao (东部苗语). In Western sources, it has been called Meo, Red Miao, and North Hmongic. An official alphabet was adopted in 1956.

Jishou
Jishou (Chinese: 吉首; pinyin: Jíshǒu; Tujia: Jiersouv) is a county-level city and the seat of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan province, China.

Located in western Hunan province, the city is bordered to the northwest by Huayuan and Baojing Counties, to the northeast by Guzhang County, to the southeast by Luxi County, and to the southwest by Fenghuang County. Jishou City covers an area of 1,078.33 km2 (416.35 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 301,000 and a resident population of 286,400.
Menois
Menois, a small town near Gaza in the Roman province of Palaestina Prima, is mentioned by Eusebius of Caesarea and other sources of the first millennium AD. Menois is believed to have been situated some 20 kilometres south of Gaza.

Eusebius identified Menois with two places of the previous millennium mentioned in the Old Testament. One is the town in the Book of Joshua that in English is usually called Madmannah. The other is the Book of Isaiah's Madmenah. Neither of these identifications is unanimously accepted by modern scholars. For those who suppose Madmenah to have been to the north of Jerusalem, this rules out its identification with Menois.

Palaestina Prima
Palaestina Prima or Palaestina I was a Byzantine province that existed from the late 4th century until the Muslim conquest of the Levant in the 630s, in the region of Palestine. It included the historical regions of Judea, Samaria and the coastal plain. The province was temporarily lost to the Sassanid Empire (Persian Empire) in 614, but re-conquered in 628.
Institute of Play
The Institute of Play (IOP) was a 501(c)(3) corporation founded in 2007. Based in New York City, the institute offered school design services, educator programs, game and curriculum design, and corporate trainings / workshops.

Their initial work promoted game design, games and gaming as a model tool to enhance personal and social development, in particular learning in secondary school students.  Within six months of its formation by a group of game designers from gameLab, the Institute of Play received a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to develop Quest to Learn, a New York City public school designed around game design principles and based on over thirty years of learning research.

The Institute of Play has announced it plans to shut down operations by the third quarter of 2019 and its materials will remain available through licenses through the Connected Learning Lab at the University of California, Irvine.

Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).
Verkhneyuldashevo
Verkhneyuldashevo (Russian: Верхнеюлдашево; Bashkir: Үрге Юлдаш, Ürge Yuldaş) is a rural locality (a village) in Zirgansky Selsoviet, Meleuzovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 392 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.

Meleuzovsky District
Meleuzovsky District (Russian: Мелеу́зовский райо́н; Bashkir: Мәләүез районы, Mäläwez rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the republic and borders with Sterlitamaksky and Ishimbaysky Districts in the north, Burzyansky District in the east, Kugarchinsky and Kuyurgazinsky Districts in the south, Fyodorovsky District in the west, and with Sterlibashevsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,234 square kilometers (1,249 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Meleuz (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 27,159.
Kokino (rural locality)
Kokino (Russian: Кокино) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Kokino, Komarichsky District, Bryansk Oblast, a village in Komarichsky District of Bryansk Oblast

Kokino, Vygonichsky District, Bryansk Oblast, a selo in Vygonichsky District of Bryansk Oblast

Kokino, Kirov Oblast, a village in Yuryansky District of Kirov Oblast

Kokino, Moscow Oblast, a village in Kashirsky District of Moscow Oblast

Komarichsky District
Komarichsky District (Russian: Кома́ричский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,020 square kilometers (390 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Komarichi. Population: 15,859 (2021 Census); 18,064 (2010 Census); 20,065 (2002 Census); 21,649 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Komarichi accounts for 46.2% of the district's total population.
Marshalls plc
Marshalls plc is a United Kingdom based manufacturer of natural stone and concrete hard landscaping products, supplying the construction, home improvement and landscape markets. It is based in Elland, West Yorkshire. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

Elland
Elland is a market town in Calderdale, in the county of West Yorkshire, England. It is situated south of Halifax, by the River Calder and the Calder and Hebble Navigation. Elland was recorded as Elant in the Domesday Book of 1086. It had a population of 14,554 at the 2001 Census, with the ward being measured at 11,676 in the 2011 Census.
Shadow Ranch
Shadow Ranch is a historic ranch house, built from 1869-1872 using adobe and redwood lumber, on the original Workman Ranch in the western San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, California.  For much of the 20th century it was in Canoga Park, but it is now within the boundaries of the West Hills community. The park is also allegedly haunted, owing to its grim history, and has been featured on Ghost Adventures.

Adobe
Adobe (/əˈdoʊbi/ ⓘ ə-DOH-bee; Spanish: [aˈðoβe]; via Spanish, from Arabic  الطّوب (at-tūb)) is a building material made from loam and organic materials. Adobe is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territorial Revival. Most adobe buildings are similar in appearance to cob and rammed earth buildings. Adobe is among the earliest building materials, and is used throughout the world.

Adobe architecture has been dated to before 5,100 BP.
Sarah Chan
Sarah Chan is Chancellor's Fellow in Ethics and Science Communicator in The Usher Institute at the University of Edinburgh. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Young Academy of Scotland in 2018.

Young Academy of Scotland
The Young Academy of Scotland is a Scottish organization of young people from the sciences humanities, professions, arts, business and civil society.  It was established by the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2011.

The members (equal numbers of women and men in their 20s to 40s) aim to provide ideas and direction for challenges facing Scotland. Membership is generally for 5 years, with selection from applications every two years. In 2021, there were 134 members. Current members include Edinburgh University Rector Deborah Kayembe and former Rector Peter McColl.
Centennial Tower (Philippines)
The Centennial Tower, also known as Luneta Tower, was a proposed  mixed-use observation tower initially proposed to be located in Rizal Park, Manila, Philippines. It was later proposed to be built in Pasig amidst backlash over the original planned site. It was planned to be a memorial to the 100th anniversary of Philippine independence.

Observation tower
An observation tower is a tower used to view events from a long distance and to create a full 360 degree range of vision to conduct long distance observations. Observation towers are usually at least 20 metres (66 ft) tall and are made from stone, iron, and wood. Many modern towers are also used as TV towers, restaurants, or churches. The towers first appeared in the ancient world, as long ago as the Babylonian Empire.

Observation towers that are used as guard posts or observation posts over an extended period to overlook an area are commonly called watchtowers instead.

Similar instances of observation towers are recognised as crow's nests, observatories, viewing platforms, etc.
Stian Solberg
Stian Solberg (born December 29, 2005) is a Norwegian professional ice hockey player who is a defenceman for San Diego Gulls of the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 23rd overall by the Ducks in the 2024 NHL entry draft, becoming the second Norwegian ever selected in the first round, following Michael Brandsegg-Nygård eight picks earlier in the same draft.

San Diego Gulls
The San Diego Gulls are a professional ice hockey team based in San Diego. They are the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Anaheim Ducks. The team plays its home games at Pechanga Arena.
Henock
Henock is a masculine given name of various origins that is derived from the biblical name Enoch. Notable people with this name include:

Henock Abrahamsson (1909–1958), Swedish football goalkeeper

Henock Kankoshi (born 1965), member of the Namibian National Council

Henock Trouillot (1923–1988), Haitian historian, playwright, and novelist

Henock “HK” Sileshi (1994-present), creative director of Brockhampton (band)

Henock Trouillot
Henock Trouillot (January 19, 1923 – September 13, 1988) was a Haitian historian, playwright, and novelist. He wrote historical and sociological books, such as:

Historiographie d'Haïti (1954)

La Condition des Nègres Domestiques à Saint-Domingue (1955)

Economie et Finances de Saint-Domingue (1965)

La Vengeance du Mapou (1967)

Le Gouvernement du Roi Henri Christophe (1974)

He was the uncle of anthropologist and historical theorist Michel-Rolph Trouillot, and writers Lyonel Trouillot, Évelyne Trouillot, and Jocelyne Trouillot.
Stunning Rose
Stunning Rose (スタニングローズ, foaled January 18, 2019) is a retired Japanese thoroughbred racehorse. Her major wins include the 2022 Shūka Sho and the 2024 Queen Elizabeth II Cup. She was the recipient of the JRA Award for Best Older Filly or Mare in 2024.

JRA Award for Best Older Filly or Mare
The JRA Award for Best Older Filly or Mare is a title awarded annually by the Japan Racing Association (JRA) to an outstanding horse of that category in Japanese Thoroughbred horse racing. Since 1987 the honor has been part of the JRA Awards.
Lakewood Amphitheatre
The Lakewood Amphitheatre, originally Coca-Cola Lakewood Amphitheatre, is a concert venue located in Atlanta, which opened in 1989. The amphitheatre seats 18,920 (7,000 seated; 12,000 on the lawn). It was designed to offer a state-of-the-art musical experience for both music fans and artists. The venue was built specifically for popular music.

Ratt
Ratt (stylized as RATT) was an American glam metal band that had significant commercial success in the 1980s, with their albums having been certified as gold, platinum and multi-platinum by the RIAA. The group is perhaps best known for hit singles such as "Round and Round" and "Lay It Down", tracks that ranked on Billboard's top 40 at No. 12 and No. 40, respectively, as well as other songs such as "Wanted Man", "You're in Love" and "Dance". Along with bands such as friendly rivals Mötley Crüe, Ratt has been recognized as instrumental in the formation of the early 1980s Los Angeles glam metal scene, also known as "hair metal" or "pop metal".

The band toured and recorded sporadically from the 1990s to 2021 with many extended breaks and line-up changes. They released their final studio album, Infestation, in April 2010.

In 2020, Jeff Mezydlo of Yardbarker included them in his list of "the 20 greatest hair metal bands of all time".
Cliff Lake (ice hockey)
Clifford Frederick Lake (September 19, 1909 – December 1, 1990) was a Canadian ice hockey player.

Lake was a member of the Saskatoon Quakers who represented Canada at the 1934 World Ice Hockey Championships held in Milan, Italy where they won Gold.

Saskatoon Quakers
The Saskatoon Quakers were a Canadian ice hockey team based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The team played in various senior and minor professional hockey leagues from the 1930s to the 1970s. The Quakers represented Canada and won gold at the 1934 World Hockey Championships held in Milan, Italy. In 1952, they captured the President's Cup as Pacific Coast Hockey League champions. The team was named for its sponsor, the Quaker Oats Company.
2016 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I – Pool A
Pool A of the 2016 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I was one of two pools in the Americas zone of the 2016 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom two teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to the World Group II Play-offs, while the bottom two teams faced potential relegation to Group II.

2016 Fed Cup World Group II play-offs
The World Group II play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group II and four nations from the three Zonal Group I competitions. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 2017 World Group II, while losing nations joined their respective zonal groups.
Molden (surname)
Molden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Berthold Molden, née Moldauer (1853, Bielitz – 1942, Vienna), Austrian journalist

Alex Molden (born 1973), American football player

Antwaun Molden (born 1985), American football player

Elijah Molden (born 1999), American football player

Ernst Molden (1886, Vienna – 1953), Austrian journalist and historian, son of Berthold

Etu Molden (born 1979), American football player

Frank Molden (1942–2023), American football player

Otto Molden (1918, Vienna – 2002), Austrian publicist

Alex Molden
Alex M. Molden (born August 4, 1973) is an American former professional football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the first round with the 11th overall pick of the 1996 NFL draft.  He played between 1996 and 2004 for the New Orleans Saints, the San Diego Chargers and the Detroit Lions.
Caraguatay, Misiones
Caraguatay (Argentina) is an Argentine town and municipality located in the Montecarlo Department of the Province of Misiones.

Although the town had been settled since 1909, it was not until 1940 that the first Development Commission was formed. At the beginning of the 21st century, the main sources of income are the cultivation of yerba mate, forestry, and increasingly, livestock farming.

In Puerto Caraguatay, the house where Ernesto Guevara Lynch and Celia de la Serna lived while she was pregnant with who would later be known as Che Guevara, still exists today. Near this town, they owned a yerba mate plantation, and thus the guerrilla fighter spent the first years of his childhood in this town. Today, a museum operates in the house that belonged to Ernesto Guevara Lynch, father of the aforementioned figure.

Misiones Province
Misiones (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈsjones], Missions) is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil to the north, east and south, and Corrientes Province of Argentina to the southwest.

This was an early area of Roman Catholic missionary activity by the Jesuits in what was then called the province of Paraguay, beginning in the early 17th century. In 1984, the ruins of four mission sites in Argentina were designated World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
Hunter Valley Grammar School
Hunter Valley Grammar School (abbreviated as HVGS) is an independent secular co-educational early learning, primary, and secondary day school, located in Ashtonfield, a suburb of Maitland, New South Wales, Australia. It is named after the Hunter Valley, in which it is located.

The school caters for approximately 1,215 students from preschool through to Year 12.

Hunter Valley Grammar School is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Association of Independent Schools of New South Wales (AISNSW), and Hunter Region Independent Schools (HRIS). The school is also an International Baccalaureate (IB) World School, being the only institution in Australia that offeres all four IB programmes; the Primary Years Programme (PYP), Middle Years Programme (MYP), Career-related Programme (CP) and Diploma Programme (DP).

Education in Australia
Education in Australia encompasses the sectors of early childhood education (preschool and pre-primary) and primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (high schools and senior high schools), and finally tertiary education, which includes higher education (universities and other higher education providers) and vocational education (registered training organisations). Regulation and funding of education is primarily the responsibility of the States and territories; however, the Australian Government also contributes to funding.

Education in Australia is compulsory between the ages of four, five, or six and fifteen, sixteen or seventeen, depending on the state or territory and the date of birth.
Manuel Maria Bordalo Pinheiro
Manuel Maria Bordalo Pinheiro (1815–1880) was a Portuguese painter, engraver, sculptor, and poet, credited with the revival of woodcuts in the country. He served as the first officer of the secretariat of the  Chamber of Peers of Portugal and was an honorary member of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. He was the father of the artists, Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro and Maria Augusta Bordalo Pinheiro.

Chamber of Most Worthy Peers
The Chamber of Peers of Portugal, alternatively translatable as the House of Lords and formally styled the Chamber of the Most Worthy Peers of the Realm (Portuguese: Câmara dos Pares or Câmara dos Digníssimos Pares do Reino), was the upper house of the Cortes Gerais, the legislature of the Kingdom of Portugal during most of the constitutional monarchy period. Members of the Chamber were Peers of the Realm, appointed directly at the pleasure of the Portuguese monarch.
Les Ballets Persans
Les Ballets Persans (Persian: سازمان باله ایران) is the successor company and the recreation of the former Iranian National Ballet Company (Persian: سازمان باله ملی ایران). Based in Sweden as a non-profit and non-governmental organization, Les Ballets Persans is an internationally touring dance ensemble founded by Nima Kiann, the Iranian born Swedish dancer, ballet master, choreographer and dance scholar.  Les Ballets Persans is also known as The New Iranian National Ballet and has been regarded as the most extensive artistic Iranian project ever realized in exile.

Since its establishment in 2002, Les Ballets Persans has been collaborating with national ballet ensembles of former USSR countries. The company has within its own productions introduced and promoted national ballet companies of Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan in the West for the first time after these countries’ independence following the fall of the Soviet Union.

Ballet master
A ballet master (also balletmaster, ballet mistress, premier maître de ballet or premier maître de ballet en chef) is an employee of a ballet company who is responsible for the level of competence of the dancers in their company. In modern times, ballet masters are generally charged with teaching the daily company ballet class and rehearsing the dancers for both new and established ballets in the company's repertoire. The artistic director of a ballet company, whether a male or female, may also be called its ballet master.  Historic use of gender marking in job titles in ballet (and live theatre) is being supplanted by gender-neutral language job titles regardless of an employee's gender (e.g. ballet master in lieu of ballet mistress, wig master as an alternative to wig mistress).