hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stephan de Jager
Stephan de Jager is a South African rugby union plays for the Griffons in the Currie Cup. His regular position is prop.

de Jager had previously represented the Pumas in the SuperSport Rugby Challenge before representing Leopards in the 2019 Currie Cup First Division. He joined the Pumas ahead of the newly formed Super Rugby Unlocked competition in October 2020. Dimaza made his debut in Round 4 of Super Rugby Unlocked against the Sharks.

Super Rugby Unlocked
Super Rugby Unlocked (known as Vodacom Super Rugby Unlocked for sponsorship reasons) was a professional rugby union competition played in South Africa from 10 October to 21 November 2020. Sponsored by communications company Vodacom, the tournament replaced the South African component of the incomplete 2020 Super Rugby season that was shut down in March of that year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Organised by the South African Rugby Union as part of a combined Currie Cup and domestic Super Rugby tournament, the seven-team competition featured the Bulls, Lions, Sharks and Stormers from Super Rugby, with the addition of the Cheetahs, Griquas and Pumas.

The competition was won by the Bulls, who topped the standings of the seven-week round-robin tournament.

The former Super Rugby teams (the Bulls, Lions, Sharks and Stormers) would compete in the Rainbow Cup SA in May-June 2021 before being incorporated into the United Rugby Championship for the 2021-22 season.
Transversotrema elegans
Transversotrema elegans is a species of trematodes found from species of the labrid genus Choerodon on Heron Island and Lizard Island. It is characterised by its number of vitelline follicles enclosed by its cyclocoel and by the size of its testicle.

Choerodon
Choerodon is a genus of wrasses native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. They originated in the Miocene, when the Australian and Eurasian Plates collided. They are commonly referred to as tuskfish, because most species have sharp tusk-like teeth.
Bhadrachalam revenue division
Bhadrachalam revenue division (or Bhadrachalam division) is an administrative division in the Bhadradri Kothagudem of the Indian state of Telangana. It is one of the 2 revenue divisions in the district which consists of 8 mandals under its administration. Bhadrachalam is the divisional headquarters of the division.
The Bhadrachalam Revenue Division was originally part of East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh up to 1959, after which it was merged through GO No. 553 on 17 Nov 1959 into Khammam district. Ashwaraopeta was also part of West Godavari district up to 1959. It was merged in Telangana region after the formation of Andhra Pradesh State with 29 states. In 2014, it was re-merged (excluding Bhadrachalam town) in Andhra Pradesh State with 13 districts, after the formation of Telangana state for the completion of Polavaram dam project.

Polavaram Project
The Polavaram Project is an under-construction multi-purpose irrigation project on the Godavari River in the Eluru District and East Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh, India. The project has been accorded National Project status by the Central Government of India. Its reservoir back water spreads up to the Dummugudem Anicut, i.e. approx 150 kilometres (93 mi) back from Polavaram dam on main river side and approx 115 kilometres (71 mi) on the Sabari River side. Thus, back water spreads into parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha States. Polavaram Hydroelectric Project (HEP) and National Waterway 4 are under construction on left side of the river. It is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) upstream of Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage in Rajamahendravaram City and 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Rajahmundry Airport.
Malviya Nagar, Delhi Assembly constituency
Malviya Nagar Assembly constituency is one of the seventy legislative assembly constituencies of Delhi in northern India. It includes the Malviya Nagar area in South Delhi. Malviya Nagar assembly constituency is a part of New Delhi (Lok Sabha) constituency.

New Delhi Lok Sabha constituency
New Delhi Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 7 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in the Indian National Capital Territory of Delhi. This constituency came into existence in 1951. It is the oldest constituency of Delhi that currently exists.
Cork–Meath Gaelic football rivalry
The Cork-Meath rivalry is a Gaelic football rivalry between Irish county teams Cork and Meath, who first played each other in 1967. It is considered to be one of the most bitter rivalries in modern Gaelic games. Cork's home ground is Páirc Uí Chaoimh and Meath's home ground is Páirc Tailteann, however, all of their championship meetings have been held at neutral venues, usually Croke Park.

While Cork have the second highest number of Munster titles and Meath are second to Dublin in Leinster, they have also enjoyed success in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, having won 14 championship titles between them to date.

Meath GAA
The Meath County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste na Mí) or Meath GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Meath, as well as for Meath county teams.
Fog Over Frisco
Fog Over Frisco is a 1934 American Pre-Code drama film directed by William Dieterle. The screenplay by Robert N. Lee and Eugene Solow was based on the 1932 mystery novel The Five Fragments by George Dyer.

Robert N. Lee
Robert N. Lee (12 May 1890 – 18 September 1964) was an American screenwriter. He wrote for 31 films between 1922 and 1945. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Adapted Screenplay at the 4th Academy Awards for Little Caesar. He was born in Butte, Montana, and died in Hollywood, California, from a heart attack.
CBSIFTBEC
In gliding within the United Kingdom, CBSIFT BEC is the standard mnemonic to guide pilots through a series essential pre-takeoff checks.

Each letter in the acronym represents a specific component or procedure that must be verified to ensure flight safety

Takeoff
Takeoff or take-off is the phase of flight during which an aerial vehicle leaves the ground and becomes airborne. For space vehicles that launch vertically, this is known as liftoff.

For fixed-wing aircraft that take off horizontally (conventional takeoff), this usually involves an accelerating ground run (known as the roll) on a runway to build up speed so the wings can generate enough lift. For aerostats (balloons and airships), helicopters, tiltrotors (e.g. the V-22 Osprey) and thrust-vectoring STOVL fixed-wing aircraft (e.g. the Harrier jump jet and F-35B), a helipad/STOLport is sufficient and no runway is needed.
Tadeusz Świcarz
Tadeusz Józef Świcarz (5 June 1920 — 6 June 2002) was a Polish ice hockey and football player. In ice hockey he played for Polonia Warsaw, Legia Warsaw, Gwardia Bydgoszcz, and Znicz Pruszków. He played for the Poland national team at the 1952 Winter Olympics. Świcarz took part in the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, and was captured and held prisoner.

Polonia Warsaw
Polonia Warsaw (Polish: Polonia Warszawa, pronounced [pɔˈlɔɲa varˈʂava]), founded on 19 November 1911, is the oldest existing sports club in Warsaw, the capital of Poland, best known for its football and basketball teams. It also has track and field, swimming, chess, mountain biking, and contract bridge sections. Historically it also had sections in ice hockey, fencing, tennis, volleyball, hazena, cycling and boxing.

The football team competes in the I liga, the second level of the Polish football league system.
Laubach (surname)
Laubach is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Claire Laubach (born 1983), American field hockey player

Frank Laubach (1884–1970), Christian missionary and literacy advocate

Mark Laubach, American engineer

Thomas Laubach (after marriage Thomas Weißer, born 1964), German Catholic theologian and hymnwriter

Tony Laubach (born 1980), American professional storm chaser and meteorologist

Claire Laubach
Claire Laubach (born July 29) is an American field hockey player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed for the United States women's national field hockey team in the women's event. She was born in Washington Township, New Jersey.
Flatford
Flatford is a small hamlet in the civil parish of East Bergholt, in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is most famous for Flatford Mill, Willy Lott's Cottage and Bridge Cottage, immortalised in the paintings of John Constable.

Babergh District
52°02′53″N 0°56′53″E﻿ / ﻿52.048°N 0.948°E﻿ / 52.048; 0.948

Babergh District (pronounced /ˈbeɪbə/, BAY-bə) is a local government district in Suffolk, England. In 2021 it had a population of 92,300. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just two towns, Sudbury and Hadleigh. The council was based in Hadleigh until 2017, when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Mid Suffolk District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. The district is named after the medieval Babergh Hundred, which covered part of the area.

The district includes parts of two designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Dedham Vale, known for its association with painter John Constable, and Suffolk Coast and Heaths.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, West Suffolk, Braintree, Colchester and Tendring.
Haiti at the 2019 Pan American Games
Haiti competed at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019. Haiti is one of only 17 countries to have participated in all editions of the Pan American Games.

In July 2019, the Haitian team of eight athletes (four per gender) competing in six sports was officially named. This was later reduced to seven when rower Gabrielle Amato withdrew after sustaining an injury.

During the opening ceremony of the games, taekwondo athlete Aniya Louissaint carried the flag of the country as part of the parade of nations.

2019 Pan American Games
The 2019 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2019), officially the XVIII Pan American Games (Spanish: XVIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Lima 2019, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization held in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019, with preliminary rounds in certain events having begun on July 24, 2019. These were the first Pan American Games to be held in Peru, and the seventh to be held in South America.

The opening ceremony took place on July 26 at the National Stadium of Peru, and the Games were declared open by former Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra. These Pan American Games were held at venues in and around Lima, and are the largest sporting event ever hosted by the country.
Hallmark-Sonali Bank Loan Scam
The Hallmark-Sonali Bank loan scam is a massive loan fraud that took place in Bangladesh between 2010 and 2012. State owned Sonali Bank's Ruposhi Bangla Hotel branch lent over 35 billion Bangladeshi taka ($454 million as of 2011) based on falsified documents. Little-known company Hallmark Group received the majority, nearly Tk 27bn ($344M), with the remaining loans spread among five other companies: T and Brothers, Paragon Group, Nakshi Knit, DN Sports, and Khanjahan Ali. An investigation by Bangladesh Bank, the country's central bank, concluded that the borrowers conspired with senior officials at Sonali Bank to embezzle the funds. The Economist described the 2012 scam as Bangladesh's "biggest of many banking scandals since the banks were nationalised 40 years before".

Bangladesh Bank
Bangladesh Bank (BB; Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংক, romanized: Bāṅlādēś Byāṅk) is the central bank of Bangladesh and is a member of the Asian Clearing Union. It is fully owned by the Government of Bangladesh.

The bank is active in developing green banking. and financial inclusion policy and is an important member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit (BFIU), a department of Bangladesh Bank, is a member FIU of the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units.

Bangladesh Bank is the first central bank in the world to introduce a dedicated hotline (16236) for people to complain about any banking-related problem. Moreover, the organization is the first central bank in the world to issue a "Green Banking Policy". To acknowledge this contribution, then-governor Dr. Atiur Rahman was given the title 'Green Governor' at the 2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference, which was held at the Qatar National Convention Centre in Doha.
The Invaders
The Invaders is an American science fiction television series created by Larry Cohen that aired on ABC for two seasons, from 1967 to 1968. Roy Thinnes stars as David Vincent,  who after stumbling across evidence of an in-progress invasion of aliens from outer space—the aliens disguising themselves as humans and gradually infiltrating human institutions—tries to thwart the invasion despite the disbelief of officials and the general public, and the undermining of his efforts by the aliens. The series was a Quinn Martin production.

Big Little Book series
The Big Little Books, first published during 1932 by the Whitman Publishing Company of Racine, Wisconsin, were small, compact books designed with a captioned illustration opposite each page of text. Other publishers, notably Saalfield, adopted this format after Whitman achieved success with its early titles, priced initially at 10¢ each, later rising to 15¢.
L-curve
L-curve is a visualization method used in the field of regularization in numerical analysis and mathematical optimization. It represents a logarithmic plot where the norm of a regularized solution is plotted against the norm of the corresponding residual norm. It is useful for picking an appropriate regularization parameter for the given data.

This method can be applied on methods of regularization of least-square problems, such as Tikhonov regularization and the Truncated SVD, and iterative methods of solving ill-posed inverse problems, such as the Landweber algorithm, Modified Richardson iteration and Conjugate gradient method.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Textlocal
Textlocal is a mobile communications company founded in 2005 with offices based in Malvern and Chester.

In 2005, Alastair Shortland and Darren Daws decided they wanted to transform the way businesses, individuals and groups communicate using mobile. Txtlocal Ltd was then formed.

Since then, with the development of their Messenger product, it has allowed over 165,000 users to communicate via SMS, MMS and Mobile Web. Its services include inbound and outbound SMS and MMS communications using a web-based control panel, SMS Gateway and MMS API, mobile web page creation, mobile forms and surveys, SMS attachments and mobile vouchers and loyalty cards.

They are members of the Chartered Institute of Marketing, Institute of Direct and Digital Marketing, Direct Marketing Association and Federation of Small Businesses.

Federation of Small Businesses
The Federation of Small Businesses (FSB) is a UK business organisation representing small and medium-sized businesses. It was formed in 1974 as the National Federation of Self Employed (NFSE). The current name for the organisation was adopted in 1991. It is registered with Companies House as The National Federation of Self Employed & Small Businesses Limited (company number 1263540).

FSB is a member-led, not-for-profit and non-party political organisation. FSB is a lobbying organisation representing small firms and the self-employed to UK, national, local and devolved government.  FSB offers its members a range of benefits, such as a 24-hour legal advice line and free business banking.
Torrey Mitchell
Torrey Charles Mitchell (born January 30, 1985) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He was selected in the fourth round, 126th overall, by the San Jose Sharks in the 2004 NHL entry draft. Mitchell also previously played for the Minnesota Wild, Buffalo Sabres, Montreal Canadiens, Los Angeles Kings in the National Hockey League (NHL), as well as Lausanne HC of the National League (NL).

Worcester Sharks
The Worcester Sharks  were a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League (AHL) that played from 2006 to 2015.  Affiliated with the National Hockey League's San Jose Sharks and located in Worcester, Massachusetts, the Sharks played their home games at the DCU Center.
Dundee United W.F.C.
Dundee United Football Club Women is a Scottish women's football club based in Dundee. Founded in 2015, they play in Scottish Women's Premier League 2, the second tier of the national league system, after winning promotion from the second tier in 2021–22 and third tier in 2018. They had previously been promoted from the fourth tier in their 2016 debut season, & have recently been relegated from the top tier to the second.

Scottish Women's Football League Second Division
The Scottish Women's Football League Second Division (SWFL 2) was a division in the Scottish women's football pyramid between 1999 and 2019. The third league tier from 1999 to 2015, it later became the fourth tier. Its top teams won promotion to the SWFL First Division.

The Second Division began as a single national division, but became three regional divisions in 2008–09, the North, East and West. It was further enlarged in 2012 to four divisions. From 2016 to 2019, SWFL 2 had forty clubs in four regional divisions. The champions of each division were eligible to enter play-offs for promotion to the First Division.

In 2020, Scottish Women's Football replaced the First Division with the SWF Championship, and the Second Division took the existing name of the Scottish Women's Football League. The SWFL is now a standalone 'Recreational' league with multiple regional divisions, resembling the former Second Division, but now with no regular promotion or relegation.
Llecué
Llecué is a mountain in the commune of Los Lagos in Los Ríos Region, southern Chile. The mountain lies west of mount Tralcán and immediately south of San Pedro River. The eastern slope of the mountain is a sharp fault scarp as is part of its western slope. The name of the mountain is Mapuche based on llecu, meaning near, and hue, meaning place. The mountain lies next to the catastrophic landslide of 1575 which dammed San Pedro River causing a flood when the dam burst.

1575 Valdivia earthquake
The 1575 Valdivia earthquake occurred at 14:30 local time on December 16. It had an estimated magnitude of 8.5 of on the surface-wave magnitude scale and an estimated magnitude of 9.0+ on the Moment magnitude scale and led to the flood of Valdivia, Chile.

Pedro Mariño de Lobera, who was corregidor of Valdivia by that time, wrote that the waters of the river opened like the Red Sea, one part flowing upstream and one downstream. Mariño de Lobera also evacuated the city until the dam at Laguna de Anigua (nowadays Riñihue Lake) burst. At that moment he wrote that, while many Native people died, no Spaniards did, as the settlement of Valdivia was moved temporarily away from the riverside.

The effects of this earthquake are similar to the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, the largest ever recorded on earth, which also caused ensuing Riñihuazo flooding.  These similarities show that large earthquakes have a pattern that span over several centuries.
Dekochari
The Dekochari or decoration charinko (デコチャリ or デコレーション・チャリンコ, dekochari or dekorēshon charinko) is a form of art bike indigenous to Japan dating back to the mid-1970s. "Deko" in Japanese is short for "decoration" and "chari" is slang for "bike". The dekochari was a response by children to the Dekotora ("tora" is short for "truck") craze which swept Japan after a series of movies called Truck Yaro was released. These movies featured giant trucks decked out in chrome and flashy lights.

Unable to drive the giant chrome-plated flashing trucks they coveted, children instead built plywood boxes around their bikes and attached chrome plating and lights. Almost all current Dekocharis have elaborate light displays and many include hi-fi audio systems and cup-holders.

There are currently several dekochari bike gangs in Japan, including the All Japan Hishyomaru fleet, the All Japan DC Club Ryumaki and the All Japan Kyokugenmaru Gang.

High fidelity
High fidelity (hi-fi or, rarely, HiFi) is the high-quality reproduction of sound. It is popular with audiophiles and home audio enthusiasts. Ideally, high-fidelity equipment has inaudible noise and distortion, and a flat (neutral, uncolored) frequency response within the human hearing range.

High fidelity contrasts with the lower-quality lo-fi sound produced by inexpensive audio equipment, AM radio, or the inferior quality of sound reproduction that can be heard in recordings made until the late 1940s.
T-vertices
T-vertices is a term used in computer graphics to describe a problem that can occur during mesh refinement or mesh simplification.  The most common case occurs in naive implementations of continuous level of detail, where a finer-level mesh is "sewn" together with a coarser-level mesh by simply aligning the finer vertices on the edges of the coarse polygons.  The result is a continuous mesh, however due to the nature of the z-buffer and certain lighting algorithms such as Gouraud shading, visual artifacts can often be detected.

Some modeling algorithms such as subdivision surfaces will fail when a model contains T-vertices.

Gouraud shading
Gouraud shading (/ɡuːˈroʊ/ goo-ROH), named after Henri Gouraud, is an interpolation method used in computer graphics to produce continuous shading of surfaces represented by polygon meshes. In practice, Gouraud shading is most often used to achieve continuous lighting on triangle meshes by computing the lighting at the corners of each triangle and linearly interpolating the resulting colours for each pixel covered by the triangle. Gouraud first published the technique in 1971. However, enhanced hardware support for superior shading models has yielded Gouraud shading largely obsolete in modern rendering.
Nakamura Utaemon
Nakamura Utaemon (中村歌右衛門) refers to one of six Japanese actors with family ties to classic kabuki theatre:

Nakamura Utaemon I (1714–1791)

Nakamura Utaemon II (1752-1798)

Nakamura Utaemon III (1778-1838)

Nakamura Utaemon IV (1798-1852)

Nakamura Utaemon V (1865-1940)

Nakamura Utaemon VI (1917-2001)

Kabuki
Kabuki (歌舞伎; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.bɯ.kʲi]) is a classical form of Japanese theatre, mixing dramatic performance with traditional dance. Kabuki theatre is known for its heavily stylised performances, its glamorous, highly decorated costumes, and for the elaborate kumadori make-up worn by some of its performers.

Kabuki is thought to have originated in the early Edo period, when the art's founder, Izumo no Okuni, formed a female dance troupe that performed dances and light sketches in Kyoto. The art form later developed into its present all-male theatrical form after women were banned from performing in kabuki theatre in 1629. Kabuki developed throughout the late 17th century and reached its zenith in the mid-18th century.

In 2005, kabuki theatre was proclaimed by UNESCO as an intangible heritage possessing outstanding universal value. In 2008, it was inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.