hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stuck unknot
In mathematics, a stuck unknot is a closed polygonal chain in three-dimensional space (a skew polygon) that is topologically equal to the unknot but cannot be deformed to a simple polygon when interpreted as a mechanical linkage, by rigid length-preserving and non-self-intersecting motions of its segments.
Similarly a stuck open chain is an open polygonal chain such that the segments may not be aligned by moving rigidly its segments. Topologically such a chain can be unknotted, but the limitation of using only rigid motions of the segments can create nontrivial knots in such a chain.

Consideration of such "stuck" configurations arises in the study of molecular chains in biochemistry.

Simple polygon
In geometry, a simple polygon is a polygon that does not intersect itself and has no holes. That is, it is a piecewise-linear Jordan curve consisting of finitely many line segments. These polygons include as special cases the convex polygons, star-shaped polygons, and monotone polygons.

The sum of external angles of a simple polygon is . Every simple polygon with  sides can be triangulated by  of its diagonals, and by the art gallery theorem its interior is visible from some  of its vertices.

Simple polygons are commonly seen as the input to computational geometry problems, including point in polygon testing, area computation, the convex hull of a simple polygon, triangulation, and Euclidean shortest paths.

Other constructions in geometry related to simple polygons include Schwarz–Christoffel mapping, used to find conformal maps involving simple polygons, polygonalization of point sets, constructive solid geometry formulas for polygons, and visibility graphs of polygons.
Laingsburg Community Schools
Laingsburg Community Schools is a public school district in Central Michigan. In Shiawassee County, it serves Laingsburg and parts of the townships of Bennington, Sciota, and Woodhull. In Clinton County, it serves parts of the townships of Bath and Victor.

Laingsburg, Michigan
Laingsburg (LANGS-burg) is a city in Shiawassee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,424 at the 2020 census.

Laingsburg is located about 20 miles (32.2 km) northeast of the city of Lansing.  It is mostly surrounded by Sciota Township with a small western border with Victor Township in Clinton County.  The Laingsburg 48848 ZIP Code covers a much larger area that also includes parts of Sleepy Hollow State Park and Lake Ovid to the northeast.    
Laingsburg was named for Dr. Peter Laing, who operated a local tavern.
Fortuna Bay
Fortuna Bay (54°07′S 36°48′W﻿ / ﻿54.117°S 36.800°W﻿ / -54.117; -36.800) is a bay 3 miles (5 km) long and 1 mile (1.6 km) wide. Its entrance is defined by Cape Best on the west and Robertson Point to the east, near Atherton Peak on the north coast of South Georgia. It was named after the Fortuna, one of the ships of the Norwegian–Argentine whaling expedition under C.A. Larsen which participated in establishing the first permanent whaling station at Grytviken, South Georgia, in 1904–05. The Second German Antarctic Expedition (SGAE) under Wilhelm Filchner explored Fortuna Bay in 1911–12. Discovery Investigations (DI) personnel charted the area during their 1929–30 expedition.

Ocean Harbour, 22 miles (35 km) to the southeast, was formerly known as "New Fortuna Bay", but its name was changed in order to avoid confusion with Fortuna Bay.

Discovery Investigations
The Discovery Investigations were a series of scientific cruises and shore-based investigations into the biology of whales in the Southern Ocean. They were funded by the British Colonial Office and organised by the Discovery Committee in London, which was formed in 1918. They were intended to provide the scientific background to stock management of the commercial Antarctic whale fishery.

Discovery Investigations contributed greatly to knowledge of the whales, the krill they fed on and their habitat's oceanography, while charting the local topography, including Atherton Peak. They continued until 1951, with the final report published in 1980.

Collected specimens are in the Discovery Collections.
Chap va Rast
Chap va Rast (Persian: چپوراست, also Romanized as Chap va Rāst; also known as Chap Rāst) is a village in Abanar Rural District, Kalat District, Abdanan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 9 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Nikolaus Hautsch
Nikolaus Hautsch (born 1972) is a German economist and statistician. Since 2013, he has been professor of finance and statistics at the University of Vienna and since 2023, he has been serving as vice rector for infrastructure at the University of Vienna. He is known for his work in financial econometrics, the statistical analysis of financial high frequency data and market microstructure analysis.

Financial econometrics
Financial econometrics  is the application of statistical methods to financial data. Financial econometrics is a branch of financial economics, in the field of economics. Areas of study include capital markets, financial institutions, corporate finance and corporate governance. Topics often revolve around asset valuation of individual stocks, bonds, derivatives, currencies and other financial instruments.

It differs from other forms of econometrics because the emphasis is usually on analyzing the prices of financial assets traded at competitive, liquid markets.

People working in the finance industry or researching the finance sector often use econometric techniques in a range of activities – for example, in support of portfolio management and in the valuation of securities. Financial econometrics is essential for risk management when it is important to know how often 'bad' investment outcomes are expected to occur over future days, weeks, months and years.
John Long (Gaelic footballer)
John Long (born 1952) is an Irish retired Gaelic footballer. His league and championship career with the Kerry senior team spanned six seasons from 1972 to 1977.

Long made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he was picked on the Kerry minor team having previously won an All-Ireland schools title, the Hogan Cup, with St. Brendan's Killarney in 1969. He enjoyed one season in this grade, ending the year as an All-Ireland runner-up. Long never played under-21 football with Kerry, however, he joined the senior team during the 1971-72 league. Over the course of the next six seasons, Long made a number of appearances on the team but failed to nail down a regular place on the starting fifteen. He won his sole All-Ireland medal as a non-playing substitute in 1975, while also winning three successive Munster medals from the bench and three National Football League medals, one of which was claimed on the field of play.

All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The Electric Ireland All-Ireland Minor Football Championship is the premier under-17 "knockout" competition in Gaelic football played in Ireland. 2017 was the final year of the minor under 18 football championship as it was replaced by an under 17 championship following a vote at the GAA congress on 26 February 2016.

The series of games is organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association and is played during the summer months with the All-Ireland Minor Football Final being played on the third Sunday in September in Croke Park, Dublin as the curtain-raiser to the senior final.

The winners received the Tom Markham Cup, which is named in honour of former Clare figure Tom Markham.
1981 Croke Cup
The 1981 Croke Cup was the 30th staging of the Croke Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1944. The competition ran from 12 April to 10 May 1981.

North Monastery were the defending champions.

The final was played on 10 May 1981 at Walsh Park in Waterford, between Kilkenny CBS and the North Monastery, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kilkenny CBS won the match by 3–05 to 1–08 to claim their first ever Croke Cup title.

Michael Lawlor was the top scorer with 2-00.

CBC Kilkenny
CBC Kilkenny (Irish: Meánscoil na mBráithre Criostaí) is an all-boys Roman Catholic school located in Kilkenny, Ireland. It has a strong sporting tradition in hurling, but also fields teams in many other sports. It is currently located on Dunningstown Road in Kilkenny.
1950 French Championships (tennis)
The 1950 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 24 May until 4 June. It was the 54th staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1950. Budge Patty and Doris Hart won the singles titles.

Stade Roland Garros
Stade Roland Garros (French pronunciation: [stad ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁos]; 'Roland Garros Stadium') is a complex of tennis courts, including stadiums, located in Paris that hosts the French Open. That tournament, also known as Roland Garros, is a major tennis championship played annually in late May and early June. The complex is named after Roland Garros (1888–1918), a pioneering French aviator, and was constructed in 1928 to host France's first defence of the Davis Cup.

The 13.5-hectare (34-acre) complex contains twenty courts, including three large-capacity stadiums; Les Jardins de Roland Garros, a large restaurant and bar complex; Le Village, the press and VIP area; France's National Training Centre (CNE); and the Tenniseum, a bilingual, multimedia museum of the history of tennis.
Claus Umland
Claus Barthold Umland (1872–1957) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) who served as a member of the Hamburg Parliament between 1908 and 1933. A member of the SPD since 1896, Umland served on the SPD party board in the state of Hamburg from 1919 to 1922. He was the SPD's lead candidate during the 1910 Hamburg state election, letting him defend his seat.

Umland worked as the SPD's party treasurer in Hamburg and was crucial in ensuring that the Nazis were unable to secure a majority of the SPD's party funds in the state. On 8 May 1933, Umland escaped to Lanškroun within the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia due to fearing an imminent arrest by the Gestapo. His suspicions were confirmed when the Gestapo did indeed show up at his Hamburg residence on 10 May to arrest him. He returned to Hamburg on 25 June 1933.

He died in 1957.

Lanškroun
Lanškroun (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlanʃkroun]; German: Landskron) is a town in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 9,800 inhabitants. It lies on the border of the historical lands of Bohemia and Moravia. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Daviesia smithiorum
Daviesia smithiorum is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, glabrous, spindly shrub with scattered tapering, needle-shaped phyllodes and yellow-orange and red flowers.

Papilionaceous flower
Papilionaceous flowers (from Latin: papilion, a butterfly) are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla found in many, though not all, plants of the species-rich Faboideae subfamily of legumes. Tournefort suggested that the term Flores papilionacei originated with Valerius Cordus, who applied it to the flowers of the bean.
Dorrance Dance
Dorrance Dance was an American dance troupe founded by dancer Michelle Dorrance in late 2010, or early 2011.

Its debut performance was on a shared evening with Dormeshia Sumbry-Edwards at Danspace Project, for which the company received a Bessie Award for "blasting open our notions about tap." Dorrance has since choreographed three evening-length works for the company: SOUNDspace (2012), The Blues Project (2013, a collaboration with Derick Grant, Toshi Reagon and Dormeshia Sumbry-Edwards), and ETM: The Initial Approach (2014, a collaboration with Nicholas Van Young).

Their 2024 production of The Nutcracker received favorable reviews.

Bessie Awards
The New York Dance and Performance Awards, also known as the Bessie Awards, are awarded annually for exceptional achievement by independent dance artists presenting their work in New York City. The broad categories of the awards are: choreography, performance, music composition and visual design. The Bessie Awards were established in 1983.
Leptomantis fasciatus
Leptomantis fasciatus is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae found in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei. It has been observed as high as 200 metres (660 ft) above sea level.

This frog is found in peat swamps in rainforests. Scientists do not believe it can tolerate disturbed habitats. It breeds through larval development.

Scientists classify this frog as least concern of extinction because of its large range, which includes three protected parks: Gunung Mulu National Park, Kayan Mentarang National Park, and Ulu Temburong National Park.

Gunung Mulu National Park
The Gunung Mulu National Park, also known simply as the Mulu National Park is a national park in Miri Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that encompasses caves and karst formations in a mountainous equatorial rainforest setting. The park is famous for its caves and the expeditions that have been mounted to explore them and their surrounding rainforest, most notably the Royal Geographical Society Expedition of 1977–1978, which saw over 100 scientists in the field for 15 months. This initiated a series of over 20 expeditions now named the Mulu Caves Project.

The national park is named after Mount Mulu, the second highest mountain in Sarawak.
Peter J. Peters
Peter J. Peters (born 22 August 1957) is a professor of nanobiology and a distinguished university professor at Maastricht University. Peters is best known for his work in electron microscopy (EM) and cellular immunology. He is the founder and director of the Institute of Nanoscopy.

Maastricht University
Maastricht University (abbreviated as UM; Dutch: Universiteit Maastricht) is a public research university in Maastricht, Netherlands. Founded in 1976, it is the second youngest of the fourteen Dutch universities.

In 2023, 22,976 students studied at Maastricht University, 59% of whom were students from outside of the Netherlands, with over 4,000 employees. About half of the bachelor's programmes are fully offered in English, while the other half is taught wholly or partly in Dutch. Most of the master's and doctoral programmes are in English. Besides traditional programmes, Maastricht University also has three honours liberal arts colleges: University College Maastricht and the Maastricht Science Programme in the same liberal arts tradition. The satellite University College Venlo opened in 2015.
National Highway 361 (India)
National Highway 361, commonly called NH 361, is a national highway in India that runs entirely within the state of Maharashtra. Its western terminal is in Tuljapur near the intersection of NH 52 and the eastern terminal is in Butibori near Nagpur at the intersection of NH 44. The total length of the highway NH-361 is 548 km. It is a spur road of National Highway 61.

The highway passes through the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountains) and is an important arterial road connecting the Konkan region with Western Maharashtra, Marathwada and Vidharbha regions in the state of Maharashtra.

In 2009, NHAI has announced the extension of existing NH 52 to Nagpur via Ausa-Latur-Nanded-Yavatmal-Wardha and connect it to the NH 61 at Ardhapur near Nanded.

Ardhapur
Ardhapur is a town  and a municipal council in Nanded Subdivision of Nanded district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

The once little-known place is now well-known for its rich crop of bananas and improved road connectivity. The town has close connectivity with Nanded City and is fast developing as a satellite Town.
Arcuate uterus
The arcuate uterus is a form of a uterine anomaly or variation where the uterine cavity displays a concave contour towards the fundus. Normally the uterine cavity is straight or convex towards the fundus on anterior-posterior imaging, but in the arcuate uterus the myometrium of the fundus dips into the cavity and may form a small septation. The distinction between an arcuate uterus and a septate uterus is not standardized.

Myometrium
The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting mainly of uterine smooth muscle cells (also called uterine myocytes) but also of supporting stromal and vascular tissue. Its main function is to induce uterine contractions.
Kohlu District
Kohlu district (Balochi: کوہلو, Urdu: ضلع کوہلو) is a district of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is bounded in the north by Loralai District, with Dera Bugti in the south, Barkhan in the east, and Sibi District in the west.

Districts of Pakistan
The districts of Pakistan (Urdu: اِضلاعِ پاكِستان) are the third-level administrative divisions of Pakistan, below provinces and divisions, but forming the first-tier of local government. In total, there are 145 districts in Pakistan. excluding Islamabad Capital Territory. These districts are further divided into tehsils and union councils.
Beasts of Asia
Beasts of Asia (Korean: 비스트 오브 아시아) is an internationally co-produced children's and youth drama by EBS. The series features different myths from 12 Asian countries that have been reinterpreted in a contemporary way. Its first season aired on EBS 1TV every Sunday with five episodes from June 20 to July 18, 2021, starring An Jin-hyeon, Jang Mun-ik, and Lee Kyoung-yoon.

Its second season, Beasts of Asia 2, was broadcast on EBS 1TV from October 5 to October 19, 2022, every Wednesday to Friday. Kim Min-seo, from the first episode of the previous season, now leads the narration of the seven stories.

Educational Broadcasting System
Korea Educational Broadcasting System (Korean: 한국교육방송공사; RR: Hanguggyoyugbangsong-gongsa) or EBS is a South Korean educational public radio and television network covering South Korean territory, and the only major South Korean radio and television network joint venture Ministry of Science and ICT and Ministry of Education without a separate regional service. It was established as KBS 3 and KBS Educational Radio in the 1980s, and became an independent corporation in 1990.
Thomas Dick Lauder
Sir Thomas Dick Lauder of Fountainhall, 7th Baronet, FRSE FSA (Scot) LLD (13 August 1784 – 29 May 1848) was a Scottish author. He served as Secretary to the Board of Manufactures (1839–), on the Herring Fisheries Board, at the Royal Institution for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts, and as Deputy Lieutenant of both counties of Moray and Haddington.

He was the only son of Sir Andrew Dick-Lauder, 6th Baronet, whom he succeeded in 1820.

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland is the senior antiquarian body of Scotland, with its headquarters in the National Museum of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh. The Society's aim is to promote the cultural heritage of Scotland.

The usual style of post-nominal letters for fellows is FSAScot.
Jim Curran
James Lawrence Curran (15 April 1927 – 18 May 2005) was a NSW politician (Australia) from Gilgandra, NSW. He was a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1980 to 1981, representing the electorate of Castlereagh.

Electoral district of Castlereagh
Castlereagh, or The Castlereagh until 1910, was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales originally created in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90. It consisted of the abolished seat of Coonamble and part of the abolished seat of Dubbo and was named after the Castlereagh River. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Wammerawa, along with Mudgee and Liverpool Plains. It was recreated in 1927 and abolished in 1991, replaced by Barwon in the north-west, including the towns of Narrabri and Gilgandra, and by Upper Hunter in the south-east, including the town of Mudgee.
Xenophrys damrei
Xenophrys damrei is a species of megophryid toad endemic to Cambodia. It is only known from its type locality, Bokor Plateau in the Dâmrei Mountains of southern Cambodia.  The species description was published in 2011 but was based on samples collected by Malcolm Arthur Smith in 1914. The species has not been observed in surveys ever since, although this might reflect seasonal variability. The known specimens measure 69 mm (2.7 in) (female, holotype ) and 57 mm (2.2 in) (male, paratype) in snout–vent length.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
Alagie Saine
Alagie Saine (born 20 January 2003) is a Gambian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Danish Superliga club AC Horsens and the Gambia national team. He was part of the Gambia squad that finished runner-up at the 2023 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.

U-20 Africa Cup of Nations
The U-20 Africa Cup of Nations, known for short as the U-20 AFCON and for sponsorship purposes as TotalEnergies U-20 Africa Cup of Nations, previously known as the African Youth Championship and the African U-20 Championship, is the biennial international youth football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) for its nations consisting of players under the age of 20. It serves as the African qualification tournament for the FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Ginny Boggess
Virginia Leigh Boggess (born September 13, 1981) is an American women's basketball head coach and former player.  She is the current head coach of the University of Toledo women's basketball team.  She previously served as the head coach at Monmouth University.

Monmouth University
Monmouth University is a private university in West Long Branch, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1933 as Monmouth Junior College, it became Monmouth College in 1956 and Monmouth University in 1995 after receiving its charter. It enrolls about 4,660 undergraduate and 1,750 graduate students and employs 302 full-time faculty members.