hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cis-2,3-Butylene carbonate
cis-2,3-Butylene carbonate is an organic compound with formula C5H8O3, or (H3C)2(C2H2)(CO3).  It is an ester with a carbonate functional group bonded to both free ends of the cis-2,3-butylene group.  It is also a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring containing two oxygen atoms, and can be viewed as a derivative of dioxolane, namely cis-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one.

The compound is an aprotic polar solvent.

The bacterium Pseudomonas diminuta will hydrolyze this compound but not its stereoisomer trans-2,3-Butylene carbonate, yielding cis-2,3-butanediol.  This has been proposed as an efficient route to produce the latter from a racemic mixture of 2,3-butylene carbonates.

Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry.

Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.
Changach
Changach is a village in the Keiyo District, Elgeyo-Marakwet County, Kenya. It was formerly in the Rift Valley Province. According to the 2019 census it has a population of 1384 living in 301 households.

Rift Valley Province
Rift Valley Province (Swahili: Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa) of Kenya, bordering Uganda, was one of Kenya's eight provinces, before the 2013 Kenyan general election.
Rift Valley Province was the largest and one of the most economically important provinces in Kenya. It was dominated by the Kenya Rift Valley which passes through it and gave the province its name. According to the 2009 Census, the former province covered an area of 182,505.1 square kilometres (45,098,000 acres; 70,465.6 sq mi) and would have had a population of 10,006,805, making it the largest and most populous province in the country.  The bulk of the provincial population inhabited a strip between former Nairobi and Nyanza Province.  The capital was the town of Nakuru.
Longport railway station
Longport railway station serves the areas of Longport, Middleport, Tunstall and Burslem, all districts in the northern part of Stoke-on-Trent, England. The station is served by trains on the Crewe–Derby line, which is also a community rail line known as the North Staffordshire line. The station also has two trains a day on the Stoke-on-Trent to Manchester Piccadilly line. The station is owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway.

Crewe–Derby line
The Crewe–Derby line is a railway line in central England, running from Crewe in a south-easterly direction to Derby, via Stoke-on-Trent and Uttoxeter. Passenger services on the line are provided by East Midlands Railway, with Avanti West Coast, London Northwestern Railway, Northern Trains and CrossCountry providing additional services north of Stoke-on-Trent to both Crewe and Manchester.
Jhokwala
Jhokwala is a village in Lodhran District of Pakistan's Punjab Province. It is located not far from Surma, north of the district headquarters of Lodhran. 
The two main ethnic groups of the village are the Saraikis in the southern parts, and Muhajir Rajputs in the north. The village was originally known as Wasti Jhok Aala.

Lodhran
Lodhran (Urdu: لودهراں), is a city and the capital of Lodhran District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is Pakistan's 81st largest city. It is located on the northern side of River Sutlej.
Lodhran is famous for its cotton crop and mangoes.
Gross substitutes
The term gross substitutes is used in two slightly different meanings:

In microeconomics, two commodities  and  are called gross substitutes, if . I.e., an increase in the price of one commodity causes people to want strictly more of the other commodity, since the commodities can substitute each other (bus and taxi are a common example).

In auction theory and competitive equilibrium theory, a valuation function is said to have the gross substitutes (GS) property if for all pairs of commodities: . I.e., the definition includes both substitute goods and independent goods, and only rules out complementary goods. See Gross substitutes (indivisible items).

Competitive equilibrium
Competitive equilibrium (also called: Walrasian equilibrium) is a concept of economic equilibrium, introduced by Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu in 1951, appropriate for the analysis of commodity markets with flexible prices and many traders, and serving as the benchmark of efficiency in economic analysis. It relies crucially on the assumption of a competitive environment where each trader decides upon a quantity that is so small compared to the total quantity traded in the market that their individual transactions have no influence on the prices. Competitive markets are an ideal standard by which other market structures are evaluated.
Qui vive (2002 film)
Qui vive is a 2002 film directed by Frans Weisz and written by Judith Herzberg, based on his 1995 play 	Rijgdraad. The film is a sequel to the 1989 film Leedvermaak, featuring some of the same characters from that film.

The film was released in the Netherlands on 14 February 2002 by United International Pictures.

Frans Weisz
Frans Weisz (23 July 1938 – 7 December 2025) was a Dutch film director. He directed more than 30 films since 1964. His 1975 film Red Sien was entered into the 9th Moscow International Film Festival. His film Havinck was screened in the Un Certain Regard section of the 1988 Cannes Film Festival. His 1993 film The Betrayed was entered into the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival.

Weisz was Jewish. During World War II, he hid with his parents on a farm in Limburg. When his family was discovered, Weisz managed to escape, but his parents were captured and transported to Auschwitz concentration camp. His mother survived, while his father died.

Weisz died of complications from Alzheimer's disease on 7 December 2025, at the age of 87.
Imperfect Victim
Imperfect Victim (Chinese: 不完美受害人) is a 2023 Chinese legal drama television series directed by Yang Yang and starring Zhou Xun, Liu Yijun, Lin Yun, Elaine Zhong, Chen Shu, Liu Ying and Dong Jie. It aired on Dragon Television, Beijing TV and IQIYI on July 17, 2023.

The series ranked 9th on the list of "Top 10 Influential TV Series in China in 2023" selected by "Blue Book of Chinese Film & TV Series", which jointly launched by the Peking University's Research Center for Film and TV Drama, Institute for International Film & TV Development of Zhejiang University, 1905 Film Network, and China International Broadcast Publishing House. According to the National Radio and Television Administration, the series was the third highest-rated prime time drama in Chinese satellite television channel in 2023.

Television in China
Television is a prominent industry and form of mass media in China. Since 2018, state administration of the television industry has been overseen by the National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA). China Central Television (CCTV) is China's largest state-run national television broadcaster.

Television has existed in China since the Mao era, but has substantially increased in reach and popularity since the 1980s. By 1987, two-thirds of people in China had access to television. As of August 22, 2023, over 3,300 local, regional, and national TV channels are available in the country.
Savelli family
The House of Savelli (de Sabellis in documents) were a rich and influential Roman aristocratic family who rose to prominence in the 13th century. The family included several popes, senators and  condottieri. They dominated the city in rivalry with the first generation of great Roman families, the Colonna, the Orsini, the Caetani and the Annibaldi, later being overshadowed by the emergence of the second generation represented by the Chigi, Borghese, Barberini, Doria Pamphili and Sforza Cesarini families.

Annibaldi family
The Annibaldi were a powerful baronial family of Rome and the Lazio in the Middle Ages. They began to rise to prominence in the 13th century with the favour of Popes Gregory IX and Alexander IV, in the vacuum left by the Counts of Tusculum. In the late years of the same century they were however overwhelmed by the Caetani.
On the Jump
On the Jump is a 1918 American short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd. A print of the film survives in the film archive of the Museum of Modern Art. Like many American films of the time, On the Jump was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors cut the scene of the man thumbing his nose.

Film censorship in the United States
Film censorship in the United States was a frequent feature of the industry almost from the beginning of the U.S. motion picture industry until the end of strong self-regulation in 1966. Court rulings in the 1950s and 1960s severely constrained government censorship, though statewide regulation lasted until at least the 1980s.
Hallsmead Ait
Hallsmead Ait is an island in the River Thames in Berkshire, England.  It is on the reach above Shiplake Lock near Lower Shiplake.

The island is large and triangular shaped, forming a pair with The Lynch, a similar shaped island. It is uninhabited and covered with a wide variety of trees. It is close to the county boundary with Oxfordshire, which follows the more northwestern of the two channels where the river splits around the island.

Berry Brook starts close to the Redgrave-Pinsent Rowing Lake to the southwest, running northeast through the Thames floodplain, before joining the river at Hallsmead Ait.

In 2025 it was put up for sale by auction in November, by its owner Jamie Waller said it "offers something truly rare, a self-contained island retreat located in one of England's most desirable riverside settings".

Jamie Waller (entrepreneur)
Jamie B. Waller is an entrepreneur. He founded the debt collection and outsourcing company JBW Group; fintech solutions company Hito; the private equity firm Firestarters; and the fintech company Just, where he serves as chair.
Horní Radslavice
Horní Radslavice is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Horní Radslavice lies approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) south of Žďár nad Sázavou, 23 km (14 mi) east of Jihlava, and 135 km (84 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
Charles A. Catlin
Charles Albert Catlin (1849–1916) was an American chemist, inventor, and author.

He was born in Burlington, Vermont, and graduated from the University of Vermont in 1872.

He was a chemist at the Rumford Chemical Works in Providence, Rhode Island, for forty years and the inventor of chemical processes for phosphates.

He was a charter member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. He was an active member of the Central Congregational Church in Providence, Rhode Island.

He wrote "Baking Powders: A Treatise" published by Rumford Chemical Works in 1899.

In 1887, he analyzed samples relating to the Sylvester Manor on Shelter Island.

American Institute of Chemical Engineers
The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) is a professional organization for chemical engineers. AIChE was established in 1908 to distinguish chemical engineers as professionals independent of chemists and mechanical engineers.

By 2024, AIChE had over 60,000 members from over 110 countries  (sources vary). There are over 350 active student chapters at universities worldwide. Student chapters aim to provide networking opportunities in academia and industry as well as increase student involvement locally and nationally.
Jefferson Lacerda
Jefferson Bispo Lacerda (born January 28, 1962) is a Brazilian sprint canoer who competed in the early 1990s. At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, he was eliminated in the repechages of both the K-2 500 m event and the K-2 1000 m events.

Jefferson was instrumental in giving visibility to Ubaitaba's competitive canoeing and kayaking.

References

Canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's K-2 1000 metres
The men's K-2 1000 metres event was a pairs kayaking event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics program. The official report did not make clear on the third repechage, two semifinals, and final which events were the men's K-2 1000 m event and the men's K-4 1000 m event and would thus create confusion to the average reader.
Darediablo
Darediablo is an instrumental rock trio from New York City. They are influenced by 1970s heavy metal bands such as Black Sabbath and AC/DC, their bassist/guitarist often wearing an AC/DC T-Shirt. All their recordings have been independently released, starting on Orchard in 2000, with their latest being released on Southern Records main label (2003).

Southern Records
Founded 1992 by John Loder, Southern Records is an independent record label (Loder also ran the recording facility Southern Studios). It is based in London and until 2008 had offices in the United States, France and Berlin.

The label is closely associated with Crass Records, Corpus Christi Records and Dischord Records.
John Lawson (theologian)
John Lawson (1709–1759) was an Irish academic.

Lawson was born in Magherafelt and educated at Trinity College Dublin. He became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1735, a lecturer in 1746 and Regius Professor of Divinity there in 1753.

Magherafelt
Magherafelt (/ˌmæhərəˈfɛlt, ˌmækə-/ MA-hə-rə-FELT, MAK-ə-; from Irish Machaire Fíolta, meaning 'plain of Fíolta', pronounced [ˈmˠaxəɾʲə ˈfʲiːl̪ˠt̪ˠə]) is a town and civil parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It had a population of 9,071 at the 2021 census. It is the biggest town in the south of the county and is the social, economic and political hub of the area. It is part of Mid-Ulster District.
Encore (DJ Snake album)
Encore is the debut studio album by French record producer DJ Snake, released on 5 August 2016 by Interscope Records.

It features collaborations with Bipolar Sunshine, Skrillex, Yellow Claw, Justin Bieber, among others. The album garnered mixed reviews from critics. Encore debuted at number 8 on the Billboard 200 and spawned five singles: "Middle", "Propaganda", "Talk", "Let Me Love You" and "The Half".

Yellow Claw (DJs)
Yellow Claw is a Dutch DJ and record production duo from Amsterdam consisting of Jim Taihuttu, based in Bali, and Nils Rondhuis, based in Amsterdam. The duo's music is a mix of a wide range of genres and often incorporates elements from trap, hip hop, dubstep, hardstyle and moombahton.
Peggy Solomon
Margery Lee Golder Solomon (née Mastbaum;  August 14, 1908 – March 4, 1995), was an American bridge player from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As Peggy Golder in 1942, she became ACBL Life Master number 33, the third woman to achieve the rank after Sally Young and Helen Sobel.

Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match
The Mixed Board-a-Match Teams is a bridge competition held at the summer American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC).

From 2010 the event is officially the Freeman Mixed Board-a-Match Teams, as it is contested for the Richard Freeman Memorial Trophy, named for Richard Freeman (1933–2009). This is the fourth trophy in play, following Lebhar, Barclay, and Chicago.

The event is a board-a-match team event. 
The event typically last 2–3 days with each day being a round consisting of two sessions of 26 boards. 
The event is open.
Swedish–Norwegian War
The Swedish–Norwegian War, also known as the Campaign against Norway (Swedish: Fälttåget mot Norge), War with Sweden 1814 (Norwegian: Krigen med Sverige 1814), also called the War of Cats or the Norwegian War of Independence, was a war fought between Sweden and Norway in the summer of 1814. According to the Treaty of Kiel, Norway would enter a union with Sweden under Charles XIII of Sweden. The war resulted in Norway being forced into the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, but with its own constitution and parliament. The war marked the last time Sweden participated in an armed conflict with another nation until 2011, and its conclusion signalled the beginning of the country's long period of military neutrality.

Charles XIII
Charles XIII or Carl XIII (Swedish: Karl XIII; 7 October 1748 – 5 February 1818) was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway from 1814 to his death. He was the second son (and younger brother to King Gustav III) of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great.

Though known as King Charles XIII in Sweden, he was actually the seventh Swedish king by that name, as Charles IX (reigned 1604–1611) had adopted his numeral after studying a fictitious history of Sweden. In Norway, he is known as Charles II.
Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?
"Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?", also written "Da' Ya' Think I'm Sexy", is a song by British singer Rod Stewart from his ninth studio album, Blondes Have More Fun (1978). It was written by Stewart, Carmine Appice, and Duane Hitchings, though it incorporates the melody from the song "Taj Mahal" by Jorge Ben Jor and the string arrangement from the song "(If You Want My Love) Put Something Down On It" by Bobby Womack.

The song was released as the first single from Blondes Have More Fun in November 1978. It spent one week atop the UK Singles Chart in December 1978 and four weeks atop the US Billboard Hot 100 in February 1979. Billboard ranked it number four on its Top Singles of 1979 year-end chart. It also topped the charts in Canada for four weeks and in Australia for two weeks.

Royalties from the song were donated to the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and Stewart performed the song at the Music for UNICEF Concert at the United Nations General Assembly in January 1979.

Jim Cregan
James Cregan (born 9 March 1946) is an English rock guitarist and bassist, best known for his associations with Family, Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel, and Rod Stewart. Cregan is a former husband of the singer Linda Lewis and worked with her as a record producer. He has also worked with The Quireboys, Glass Tiger, Katie Melua and formed Farm Dogs with Bernie Taupin.
Patrick O'Hagan Sings
Patrick O'Hagan Sings was an Australian television series starring the Irish tenor of the same name. It was produced by station ATN-7 in November 1958, and began being broadcast in early 1959. Unlike most Australian-produced series of the era, which were live, Patrick O'Hagan Sings was produced directly on film, with a total of 26 episodes made, each of which was designed to fit in a quarter-hour time-slot. Patrick O'Hagan sang songs in the series.

In Sydney the series aired on ATN-7, and aired at 3:00PM  on Tuesdays. In Melbourne, the series aired on station GTV-9 at 3:00PM on Thursdays.

The National Film and Sound Archive holds a near-complete run of the series, as 16mm picture and sound negatives.

A different series by this title aired in 1965 on ABC Television.

National Film and Sound Archive
The National Film and Sound Archive of Australia (NFSA), based in Canberra and known as ScreenSound Australia from 1999 to 2004, is Australia's audiovisual archive, responsible for developing, preserving, maintaining, promoting, and providing access to a national collection of film, television, sound, radio, video games, new media, and related documents and artefacts. The collection ranges from works created in the late nineteenth century when the recorded sound and film industries were in their infancy, to those made in the present day.

The NFSA collection first started as the National Historical Film and Speaking Record Library (within the then Commonwealth National Library) in 1935, becoming an independent cultural organisation in 1984. On 3 October, Prime Minister Bob Hawke officially opened the NFSA's headquarters in Canberra.
Vries (surname)
Vries is a surname. People with the surname include:

Gino Vries (born 1987), South African cricketer

Maarten Gerritsz Vries (1589–late 1647), Dutch cartographer and explorer

Sherwin Vries (born 1980), South African sprinter

Virgil Vries (born 1989), Namibian football player

Clara de Vries (1915–1942), Dutch jazz trumpeter

Maarten Gerritszoon Vries
Maarten Gerritszoon Vries or Fries, also referred to as de Vries, (18 February 1589 in Harlingen, Netherlands – late 1647 at sea near Manila) was a 17th-century Dutch cartographer and explorer, the first Western European to leave an account of his visit to Ezo, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and the Sea of Okhotsk.

Not much is known about the life of de Vries. He was probably born in Harlingen, Netherlands, in 1589 and spent many years in Taiwan. He is best remembered for his 1643 expedition to the north-western Pacific Ocean to discover the coast of Tartaria, on account of Anthony van Diemen, the governor in Batavia. This was the second expedition to look for legendary gold and silver islands in the Pacific, which nobody had discovered, after a failed expedition in 1639 under command of Matthijs Quast.
Yoshie Ueno
Yoshie Ueno (上野 順恵, Ueno Yoshie; born 1 July 1983, in Asahikawa Hokkaidō) is a Japanese judoka.

Ueno won the gold medal in the Half-middleweight (63 kg) division at the 2009 World Judo Championships and in 2010. In 2011 she lost the final to local hero Gévrise Émane.

Ueno's elder sister is Masae Ueno, who retired in 2009 after winning gold at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics. At the 2012 Summer Olympics Ueno won a bronze medal after losing in the quarter-finals to South Korean eighth seed Joung Da-Woon.

Asahikawa
Asahikawa (旭川市, Asahikawa-shi) is a city in Kamikawa Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital of the subprefecture, and the second-largest city in Hokkaido after Sapporo. It has been a core city since April 1, 2000. The city is currently well known for the Asahiyama Zoo, Asahikawa ramen, and its ski resort. On July 31, 2011, the city had an estimated population of 321,906, with 173,961 households, and a population density of 431 persons per km2 (1,100 persons per mi2). The total area is 747.66 km2 (288.67 sq mi).

Asahikawa was designated a "Design City" by UNESCO's Creative Cities Network project on October 31, 2019 on the occasion of World Cities’ Day.
Gregory Alexander (politician)
Gregory Alexander is an American politician from Michigan who has represented the 98th district in the Michigan House of Representatives since the 2022 election. He was reelected in 2024.

Alexander was drain commissioner of Sanilac County.

Michigan's 98th House of Representatives district
Michigan's 98th House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 98th House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in parts of Lapeer, Sanilac, and Tuscola counties, as well as all of Huron County. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.