hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrea Long Chu
Andrea Long Chu (born 1992) is an American writer and critic. Chu has written for such publications as n+1 and The New York Times, and various academic journals including Differences, Women & Performance, and Transgender Studies Quarterly. Chu's first book, Females, was published in 2019 by Verso Books and was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award. In 2021, she joined the staff at New York magazine as a book critic.

Chu received the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism in 2023 for "book reviews that scrutinize authors as well as their works, using multiple cultural lenses to explore some of society's most fraught topics." She is a transgender woman.

Frieze (magazine)
Frieze is an international contemporary art magazine, published eight times a year from London.

The publication is part of the London and New York–based media and events company Frieze. Frieze comprises two publications, frieze magazine and Frieze Week, as well as international art fairs in London, Los Angeles, New York and Seoul. Its permanent exhibition space, No.9 Cork Street, is located in Mayfair, London.

Frieze is part of IMG which owned by Endeavor.
Coenogonium
Coenogonium is a genus of filamentous lichens in the monotypic family Coenogoniaceae. It has about 90 species. Most species are leaf-dwelling or grow on bark, although a few are known to grow on rocks under certain conditions, and some are restricted to growth on termite nests. The genus was circumscribed in 1820 by German naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.

Coenogonium has a worldwide distribution, with most species known from tropical areas. Most species grow in tropical rainforests in the shaded understorey. They typically grow on tree trunks, branches, lianas, and leaves.

Foliicolous lichen
A foliicolous lichen  is a lichen which grows on the surfaces of living leaves of vascular plants, usually inhabiting the upper surface (epiphyllous) but sometimes also the lower surface (hypophyllous). Foliicolous lichens largely occur in tropical environments and of the over 800 foliicolous lichens accepted (as of 2008) over 600 of these are known from the tropics. Unlike most lichens which are common in humid but cool and temperate climates, these tropical lichens are more suited to the higher temperatures and lower light levels present beneath the rainforest canopy, where they are involved in the nutrient cycle and water retention. Chlorophyta are common photosynthetic partner phycobionts of epiphyllous lichens.
Oregon's 10th House district
District 10 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district includes the entirety of Lincoln County and portions of Polk and Lane counties and is centered around Newport and Lincoln City on the central Oregon Coast. The current representative for the district is Democrat David Gomberg of Neotsu.

Lane County, Oregon
Lane County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 382,971, making it the fourth-most populous county in Oregon. The county seat is Eugene, the state's second most populous city. It is named in honor of Joseph Lane, Oregon's first territorial governor. Lane County comprises the Eugene, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the third-largest MSA in Oregon, and the 144th-largest in the country.
Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi
Al-Mursi Abu'l-'Abbas (1219 in Murcia – 1287 CE) (Arabic: أبو العباس المرسي) was a saint from Al-Andalus during the Nasrid period and who later in his life moved to Alexandria in Egypt. His complete name is Shahab al-Din Abu'l-'Abbas Ahmad ibn 'Umar ibn Mohammad al-Ansari al-Mursi. Al-Mursi Abul-'Abbas, as he is now commonly called, is one of the four master saints of Egypt, the other three being Ahmad al-Badawi, al-Dessouqi and al-Haggag. His legacy and reverence in Egypt were such that Mursi became a common name in the country.

Ibrahim al-Desuqi
'Ibrahīm Bin ʿAbd-El-ʿAzīz 'Abu al-Magd (Egyptian Arabic: إبراهيم بن عبد العزيز أبو المجد), better known as El Desouki (الدسوقي) (1255 in Desouk, Egypt – 1296), was an Egyptian Imam and the founder of the Desouki Order.
Sphincterochila
Sphincterochila is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Sphincterochilidae.

Sphincterochila is the type genus of the family Sphincterochilidae.

Species in the genus Sphincterochila are arid-adapted (adapted to living in very dry conditions).

Aridity
Aridity is the condition of geographical regions which make up approximately 43% of total global available land area, characterized by low annual precipitation, increased temperatures, and limited water availability. These areas tend to fall upon degraded soils, and their health and functioning are key necessities of regulating ecosystems’ atmospheric components.
Richard Nixon (footballer)
Richard James Nixon (29 October 1965 –  31 January 1992) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL).

After playing his early football with Oakleigh in the VFA, Nixon came to Richmond where he would be used as a ruckman and utility. He spent four seasons with Richmond and after initially struggling to get games put together 13 appearances in both 1989 and 1990 under coach Kevin Bartlett.

He was captain-coach of the Warrnambool Football Club in 1991.

Nixon died on 31 January 1992, from injuries sustained in a road accident. On their way to work on an oil rig, he was one of seven occupants on a van which collided with a truck near Millicent in South Australia.

Millicent, South Australia
Millicent is a town in the Australian state of South Australia located about 399 kilometres (248 mi) south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the regional centre of Mount Gambier. In the 2021 census, the population was 4,760.

The town is home to the Millicent National Trust Museum, Millicent Library & Gallery, Millicent Civic & Arts Centre, the South East Family History Group, and more attractions where locals commonly go to. Millicent is also nearby to the Tantanoola Caves Conservation Park and the Canunda National Park.

Close by is Lake Bonney SE which is home to South Australia's largest wind turbine farm. Millicent is also home to a constructed lake, Lake McIntyre, home to many bird and wildlife species. Lake McIntyre takes approximately 20 minutes to walk around, and the lake also hosts over 50 species of water birds and waders.
Climate of Dallas
Dallas is located in North Texas, built along the Trinity River. It has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa) that is characteristic of the southern plains of the United States. Dallas experiences mild winters and hot summers.

Trinity River (Texas)
The Trinity River is a 710-mile (1,140 km) river. It rises in extreme northern Texas, a few miles south of the Red River. The headwaters are separated by the high bluffs on the southern side of the Red River.

The Trinity River was previously identified as the stream that the Caddo called Arkikosa in Central Texas and Daycoa nearer the coast. However, in 2022, language preservationists from the Caddo Nation determined their ancestral language lacked the letter “R” sound. Arkikosa was likely a corruption or misspelling of the word Akokisa. In the vernacular of another tribe, the Atakapa who settled in the Gulf Coast woodlands, Akokisa means “river people.” French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle, in 1687, named the river, Riviere des canoës ("River of Canoes"). In 1690 Spanish explorer Alonso de León named it, "La Santísima Trinidad" ("the Most Holy Trinity").
Trust Banking Corporation
Trust Banking Corporation (TBC), commonly referred to as Trust Bank, is a commercial bank in Zimbabwe. It is one of the commercial banks in the country, licensed by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, the national banking regulator.

Trust Bank is a small financial services provider in Zimbabwe. As of December 2011, the bank's total asset valuation was reported as US$38.5 million, with shareholder's equity of $14.8 million.

Commercial bank
A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and gives loans to its clients to make a profit.

It can also refer to a bank or a division of a larger bank that deals with wholesale banking to corporations or large or middle-sized businesses, to differentiate from retail banks and investment banks. Commercial banks include private sector banks and public sector banks. However, central banks function differently from commercial banks, despite a common misconception known as the "bank analogy". Unlike commercial banks, central banks are not primarily focused on generating profits and cannot become insolvent in the same way as commercial banks in a fiat currency system.
Chongqing Times
The Chongqing Times (Chinese: 重庆时报), also known as Chongqing Shibao, was a Chongqing-based Chinese-language metropolitan newspaper published in China. It is sponsored and supervised by the Chongqing Federation of Trade Unions (重庆市总工会).

Founded on August 25, 2004, Chongqing Times discontinued publication on January 1, 2019, and its electronic version is not accessible.

Chongqing Federation of Trade Unions
The Chongqing Federation of Trade Unions (CFTU; Chinese: 重庆市总工会) is the principal labor organization in Chongqing, China, operating under the dual leadership of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) and the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Established in November 1926, it was reorganized in 1951, dissolved during the Cultural Revolution (1969), and reinstated in 1973.
Dancing Queens (film)
Dancing Queens is a 2021 Swedish comedy-drama film directed by Helena Bergström, written by Bergström and Denize Karabuda. It stars Molly Nutley, Fredrik Quiñones, Marie Göranzon, and Mattias Nordkvist.

Marie Göranzon
Britt-Marie Elisabeth Göranzon Malmsjö (born 27 October 1942) is a Swedish actress.

Marie Göranzon has been part of Sweden's Royal Dramatic Theatre-ensemble since 1967. She trained at the Royal Dramatic Training Academy from 1964 to 1967.
Texas Emergency Reserve
The Texas Emergency Reserve (TER) was a militia group which operated in Texas, and at its peak had close to 2,500 members. In 1981, a U.S. District Court judge ordered the TER to close its military training camp based on a Texas law that forbade private armies in the state.

The Reserve had ties with the Ku Klux Klan, and with one of the Klan's prominent members, Louis Beam. The Reserve is most famous for an incident which took place in Seabrook, Texas on March 15, 1981, in which armed members of the organization held a demonstration on a boat in the waters around the city in an attempt to intimidate local Vietnamese fishermen who had been settled there by the government.

In the course of the demonstration, an effigy of a Vietnamese fisherman was hung from the stern of the ship and threatening gestures were made to the onlooking Vietnamese fishermen and their families.

Seabrook, Texas
Seabrook is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States, with some water surface area located within Chambers County. The population was 13,618 at the 2020 U.S. census. Several fish markets line the city's waterfront, while antique shops and bed and breakfast establishments are found in the city's downtown area.
Barbados–Trinidad and Tobago relations
Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago formally established diplomatic relations on Barbados' national date of independence, 30 November 1966. Barbados maintains non-resident representation to Port of Spain, and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago maintains non-resident representation to Bridgetown. Both countries are members of many shared organisations, including the Association of Caribbean States, the Commonwealth of Nations, CARICOM, CARIFORUM, and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States.

Owen Arthur
Owen Seymour Arthur PC (17 October 1949 – 27 July 2020) was a Barbadian politician who served as the fifth prime minister of Barbados from 6 September 1994 to 15 January 2008. He is the longest-serving Barbadian prime minister to date.  He also served as Leader of the Opposition from 1 August 1993 to 6 September 1994 and from 23 October 2010 to 21 February 2013.

Arthur was a firm advocate for regional integration and cooperation among the countries of the Caribbean.  He was described by CARICOM as the chief architect of the Caribbean Single Market and Economy. He argued in favour of making the Caribbean Court of Justice the final court of appeal for countries of the Caribbean, and he advocated for the University of the West Indies regional airline LIAT, and projection of resistance against infringement on sovereignty by large nations.
Rocky Arbor State Park
Rocky Arbor State Park is a 244-acre (99 ha) Wisconsin state park in the Wisconsin Dells region.  The park was established in 1932 to protect sandstone outcrops eroded into picturesque walls and ledges.

Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin
Wisconsin Dells (formerly Kilbourn) is a city in Columbia, Sauk, Adams and Juneau counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 2,942 at the 2020 census. The city takes its name from the Dells of the Wisconsin River, a scenic gorge that features sandstone formations along the banks of the Wisconsin River. It is a popular Midwestern tourist destination, home to several water parks and tourist attractions. Wisconsin Dells is about 42 miles (68 km) northwest of Madison, the state's capital city.
The Lion and the Mouse (1914 film)
The Lion and the Mouse is a lost 1914 American silent drama film directed by Barry O'Neil and starring Ethel Clayton. It was produced by the Lubin Manufacturing Company and distributed through the General Film Company. The film was adapted from the 1905 stage production The Lion and the Mouse by English playwright Charles Klein. Unfortunately, the master negative for the screen production was destroyed in the disastrous Lubin vault fire of 1914, along with the bulk of that studio's pre-1914 film collection.

General Film Company
The General Film Company was a motion picture distribution company in the United States. Between 1909 and 1920, the company distributed almost 12,000 silent era motion pictures. It was created as part of the Edison Trust to monopolize film distribution.
Ewen Cameron (presenter)
Ewen Cameron (born 23 May 1972) is a Scottish radio DJ and television presenter. Since January 2026, he presents STV Radio show Ewen & Cat at Breakfast, as well The STV Radio Football Show programme and podcast alongside Ronnie Charters.

He hosted the late-night television programme The Late Show with Ewen Cameron on STV2 from 2016 to 2018. He was also host of STV2 lifestyle show Live at Five, from 2016 until 2018, as well as hosting a variety of STV television specials, including, The Festival Show and Scotland's Big Sleep Out.

Forth 1
Forth 1 is an Independent Local Radio station based in Edinburgh, Scotland, owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK as part of the Hits Radio network. It broadcasts to Edinburgh, the Lothians, Fife and Falkirk.

As of September 2024, the station has a weekly audience of 383,000 listeners according to RAJAR.
Antelope Valley Line
The Antelope Valley Line is a commuter rail line that serves the Northern Los Angeles County area as part of the Metrolink system. The northern segment of the line is rural in character because it travels through the sparsely populated Soledad Canyon between Santa Clarita and Palmdale, serving the small community of Acton along the way.  Other portions of its route parallel the former U.S. Route 6, now San Fernando Road and Sierra Highway. This is the only Metrolink line contained entirely within Los Angeles County.

U.S. Route 6 in California
U.S. Route 6 (US 6) is a transcontinental United States Numbered Highway, stretching from Bishop, California, in the west to Provincetown, Massachusetts, in the east. The California portion of US 6 lies in the eastern portion of the state, running between Bishop in the Owens Valley to the Nevada state line in Mineral County. Prior to the 1964 state highway renumbering, US 6 extended to the Pacific Ocean in Long Beach, California, as part of the historic auto trail named the Grand Army of the Republic Highway.
Louis Wigfall
Louis Trezevant Wigfall (April 21, 1816 – February 18, 1874) was an American politician who served as a Confederate States senator from Texas from 1862 to 1865. A slaveowner (or 'enslaver', slave master), he was among a group of leading secessionists known as Fire-Eaters, advocating the preservation and expansion of an aristocratic agricultural society based on slave labor. He briefly served as a Confederate Brigadier General of the Texas Brigade at the outset of the American Civil War before taking his seat in the Confederate Senate. Wigfall's reputation for oratory and hard-drinking, along with a combative nature and high-minded sense of personal honor, made him one of the more imposing political figures of his time.

Secession
Secession (from Latin: sēcessiō, lit. 'a withdrawing') is a term and a concept which is used in reference to the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity.

In international law, secession is understood as a process in which an integral part of a state's territory unilaterally withdraws without the consent of the original state.

The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal is the creation of a new state or entity independent of the group or territory from which it seceded. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to separatism.
Enrico di Borgogna
Enrico di Borgogna (Henry of Burgundy) is an opera eroica or "heroic" opera in two acts by Gaetano Donizetti. Bartolomeo Merelli (who later, as Intendant at La Scala, was to commission Verdi's first opera), wrote the Italian libretto based on Der Graf von Burgund by August von Kotzebue.

Enrico di Borgogna was the third opera composed by Donizetti, but the first to be performed. It premiered on 14 November 1818 at the Teatro San Luca in Venice.  In spite of difficulties at the premiere, the critic of Nuovo osservatore veneziano noted of Donizetti  that "one cannot but recognize a regular handling and expressive quality in his style. For these, the public wanted to salute Signor Donizetti on stage at the end of the opera".

For the first time in 200 years, the opera was presented at the Teatro Sociale of Bergamo in 2018 (native city of the composer), conducted by Alessandro de Marchi.

Bartolomeo Merelli
Bartolomeo Merelli (19 May 1794 – 10 April 1879) was an Italian impresario and librettist, best known as the manager of the La Scala Milan opera house between 1829 and 1850, and for his support for the young Giuseppe Verdi.
Anazarbus
Anazarbus, also known as Justinopolis (Ancient Greek: Ἀναζαρβός / Ἰουστινούπολις, medieval Ain Zarba; modern Anavarza; Arabic: عَيْنُ زَرْبَة), was an ancient Cilician city. Under the late Roman Empire, it was the capital of Cilicia Secunda. Roman emperor Justinian I rebuilt the city in 527 after a strong earthquake hit it. It was destroyed in 1374 by the forces of the Mamluk Empire, after their conquest of Cilician Armenia.

Later Roman Empire
In historiography, the Late or Later Roman Empire, traditionally covering the period from 284 CE to 641 CE, was a time of significant transformation in Roman governance, society, and religion. Diocletian's reforms, including the establishment of the tetrarchy, aimed to address the vastness of the empire and internal instability. The rise of Christianity, legalized by Constantine the Great in 313 CE, profoundly changed the religious landscape, becoming a central force in Roman life. Simultaneously, barbarian invasions, particularly by the Goths and the Huns, weakened the Western Roman Empire, which collapsed in 476 CE. In contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire endured, evolving into the Byzantine Empire and laying the foundations for medieval Europe.

This article ends with the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 CE and the beginning of the Byzantine Dark Ages.
Allium forrestii
Allium forrestii is a species of onion native to the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Tibet and Yunnan. It grows on mountain meadows and slopes at elevations of 2700–4200 m.

Allium forrestii produces a clump of bulbs, each rarely more than 7 mm across. Scapes are purple, up to 30 cm tall, round in cross-section. Leaves are narrow and linear. Umbels are small, with only a few flowers. Flowers are deep purple.

Scape (botany)
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables.
Sihali Kalan
Sihali Kalan is a small village in the gram panchayat of Sihali Khurd, Mundawar tehsil, Alwar district, Rajasthan, India. It is 10 km from Mandawar and 60 km from Alwar. The nearest town of any size is Khairthal, which is 19 km away.

In the 2011 census the village had a population of 1,261 in 234 households.

The local language is Rajasthani. The two main national political parties are the INC and the BJP.

The area of the village is 561 hectares. There is a small co-educational state school in the village, the Government Secondary School Sihali Kalan, and a temple of Baba Kundan Das Maharaj Ji. The "Dhuna" of Baba Kundan Das Maharaj Ji is a place to visit. Liquor is offered to the temple "Dhuna". Every day, many devotees hand over the liquor bottles to the Baba Kundandas Ji Maharaj "Dhuna", and about one-third of the bottle is returned to each devotee as prasāda.

The village is adjacent to a mountain. At the peak of this mountain, there is a temple of Lord Hanuman.

Rajasthani languages
The Rajasthani languages are a group of various languages derived from Western Indo-Aryan languages, primarily spoken in Rajasthan and Malwa, and adjacent areas of Haryana, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in India and Bahawalpur division of Pakistani Punjab and the adjacent areas of Sindh. They have also reached different corners of India, especially eastern and southern parts, due to the migrations of people of the Marwari community who use them for internal communication. Rajasthani languages are also spoken to a lesser extent in Nepal, where they are spoken by 25,394 people according to the 2011 Census of Nepal.

The term Rajasthani is also used to refer to a literary language mostly based on Marwari.: 441