hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Collier Twentyman Smithers
Collier Twentyman Smithers (1867 – 7 December 1943) was a portrait, figure and rustic painter.  He was born in Buenos Aires, the son of Arthur Edward Smithers, a banker.

In 1892 Smithers was living at 5 Primrose Hill Studios off Fitzroy Road, north London.  This may account for his stylistic similarity to John William Waterhouse, who also lived at Primrose Hill Studios.

From 1892 to 1936 he exhibited at the Royal Academy; the Royal Society of British Artists, Birmingham; Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool; Manchester City Art Gallery; New Gallery; and the Royal Hibernian Academy and his work received popular reviews. He was a Freeman of the City of London, being admitted to the Worshipful Company of Turners in 1893.

He died in 1943 at 36 Roland Gardens, London.

Manchester Art Gallery
Manchester Art Gallery, formerly Manchester City Art Gallery, is a publicly owned art museum on Mosley Street in Manchester city centre, England. The main gallery premises were built for a learned society in 1823 and today its collection occupies three connected buildings, two of which were designed by Sir Charles Barry. Both of Barry's buildings are listed. The building that links them was designed by Hopkins Architects following an architectural design competition managed by RIBA Competitions. It opened in 2002 following a major renovation and expansion project undertaken by the art gallery.

Manchester Art Gallery is free to enter and open six days a week, closed Mondays. It houses many works of local and international significance and has a collection of more than 25,000 objects. More than half a million people visited the museum in the period of a year, according to figures released in April 2014.
Joyrider (band)
Joyrider were a rock band from Portadown, Northern Ireland. The band consisted of Phil Woolsey (guitar, vocals), Cliff Mitchell (guitar), Simon Haddock (bass) and Keith Irwin, Buc Hamill / Carl Alty (drums). Joyrider initially signed to Andy Cairns' Blunt record label, but after releasing their first two EPs signed a recording contract with Paradox Records.

The band's biggest hit is a pop-punk cover of the Jane Wiedlin song "Rush Hour". They supported Terrorvision on their May 1995 United Kingdom tour. The same month, the band played the Aberystwyth University May Ball.

Woolsey later played in the bands Ninebar International and Roque Junior. and now fronts Papa Luna

Haddock is now a member of Trucker Diablo, who played at the Download Festival in June 2011, toured with Black Stone Cherry and were booked for Hammerfest in March 2012 on the same bill as Anthrax, Skindred and Evile.

Terrorvision
Terrorvision are an English rock band. They were formed in 1987 (as The Spoilt Bratz) in Keighley, West Yorkshire, and initially disbanded in 2001. The band used Bradford as a base after the name change to Terrorvision in 1991, by which time the band members had all moved there.
Kate Price (musician)
Kate Price is a hammered dulcimer player and vocalist born in Salt Lake City, Utah.  She has made recordings on several labels, including Priceless Productions, Access Music, Higher Octave / Om Town, Narada Productions, and LunaVerse Music.
Price's music fuses folk music with elements of classical, jazz, and ethnic music, using instruments from around the world.

Narada Productions
Narada is a record label formed in 1983 as an independent new-age music label and distributed  by MCA. From 1997–2013, the label was owned by Virgin Records on behalf of EMI. Since 2013, it is a fully owned subsidiary of Universal Music Group and distributed by Capitol Music Group's Blue Note Records. The label evolved through an expansion of formats to include world music, electronica, jazz, Celtic music, new flamenco, acoustic guitar, and piano releases.
Strongarm (band)
Strongarm was a five-piece Christian and straight edge hardcore band, formed in Pompano Beach, Florida. They were one of the first "Spirit-Filled" hardcore bands, along with Unashamed, Overcome, Focused and Zao.

Pompano Beach, Florida
Pompano Beach (/ˈpɒmpənoʊ/ POM-pə-noh) is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. It is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, just north of Fort Lauderdale and 36 miles north of Miami. The nearby Hillsboro Inlet forms part of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. It is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to 6.14 million people in 2020. As of the 2020 census, the population was 112,046, making it the sixth-largest city in Broward County, the ninth-largest city in the South Florida metropolitan area, and the 20th-largest city in Florida.

Pompano Beach Airpark, located within the city, is the home of the Goodyear Blimp Spirit of Innovation.
Roger Davis (Pennsylvania politician)
Roger Davis (October 2, 1762 – November 20, 1815) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

Roger Davis was born in Charlestown Village in the Province of Pennsylvania.  He studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and commenced practice about 1785 in Charlestown.  He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1809 to 1811.

Davis was elected as a Republican to the Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses.  He resumed the practice of medicine in Charlestown, where he died in 1815, and was interred in Great Valley Presbyterian Churchyard.

Province of Pennsylvania
The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Colony, was a British North American colony founded by William Penn, who received the land through a grant from Charles II of England in 1681. The name Pennsylvania was derived from Latin, meaning "Penn's Woods", a reference to William Penn's father Admiral Sir William Penn.
2008 North Carolina judicial elections
One justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court and six judges of the North Carolina Court of Appeals were elected to eight-year terms by North Carolina voters on November 4, 2008. This coincided with the Presidential, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, Gubernatorial, Council of State, State Senate, and State House elections.

North Carolina judicial elections are non-partisan. Primary elections were held on May 6, 2008, for seats with more than two candidates running. The top two vote-getters in the primary, regardless of party affiliation,  advanced to the general election.

Despite the non-partisan nature of the elections, candidates' party affiliations were well known. As a result of the elections, the Republicans maintained their 4–3 majority on the state Supreme Court. Democrats maintained their majority on the Court of Appeals. Only one Republican (Robert Hunter Jr.) defeated a Democrat in a Court of Appeals race.

North Carolina Court of Appeals
The North Carolina Court of Appeals (in case citation, N.C. Ct. App.) is the only intermediate appellate court in the state of North Carolina. It is composed of fifteen members who sit in rotating panels of three. The Court of Appeals was created by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1967 after voters approved a constitutional amendment in 1965 which "authorized the creation of an intermediate court of appeals to relieve pressure on the North Carolina Supreme Court."

Judges serve eight-year terms and are elected in statewide elections. The General Assembly made Court of Appeals elections non-partisan starting with the 2004 elections, but later made them partisan again after the 2016 elections.
Alejandro Alvizuri
Alejandro Luis Alvizuri Mack (born April 18, 1968) is a retired backstroke swimmer from Peru, who represented his native country in three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1984 (Los Angeles, California). His biggest success was winning the bronze medal in the men's 100 m backstroke at the 1987 Pan American Games.

Alvizuri has a long history of accomplishments in South American Championships and Games.  Between 1983 and 1992, Alejandro earned a total of 14 South American Championship medals, from which he has won gold five times.

While a varsity swimmer at the University of Michigan, Alejandro became a four-time All American, and a four-time Letter winner at Michigan.  He is also a former U of M and Big Ten record holder in several events, being co-captain of the Michigan team his senior year.

At the 1992 Olympics, he set for the last timePeru Records in the 100 and 200 backstrokes (57.72 and 2:03.10). As of 2012, both are still the national records.

1987 Pan American Games
The 1987 Pan American Games, officially known as the X Pan American Games, was a major international multi-sport event held in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, on August 7–23, 1987. Over 4,300 athletes from 38 countries in the Americas competed in 297 events in 30 sports, earning 1,015 medals. Events were held at 23 venues in and around Indianapolis. The official mascot for the games was Amigo, a green parrot.
Governors of Maui
The Governor of Maui (Hawaiian: Kiaʻaina o Maui) was the royal governor or viceroy of the Island of Maui in the Kingdom of Hawaii. The Governor of Maui resided at Lahaina and was usually a Hawaiian chief or prince and could even be a woman. The governor had authority over four of the eight islands: Maui, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, and Kahoʻolawe. It was up to the governor to appoint lieutenant governors to assist them. The governor had replaced the old Moʻi of Maui, but sovereignty remained with the king. The island governors were under the jurisdiction of the Ministers of the Interiors.

Ministry of the Interior (Hawaii)
The Minister of the Interior (Hawaiian: Kuhina Kalaianaina) was a powerful office in the Kingdom of Hawaii, the Provisional Government of Hawaii and the Republic of Hawaii from 1845 to 1900. It made up one of the four offices of the monarchical or presidential cabinet which advised the Head of State of Hawaii on executive affairs. During the monarchy, ministers were also ex-officio members of the Privy Council and the House of Nobles in the legislature. During the republic, ministers were ex-officio members of both houses of the legislature. The head of state had the power to appoint the ministers but later Hawaiian constitutions limited the power the head of state had in removing the cabinet ministers by requiring a vote of no confidence from a majority of the elective members of the legislature. All acts of the head of state had to be countersigned by a minister.
Thomas W. Horton (RAF officer)
Thomas Welch Horton, DSO, DFC & Bar (29 December 1919 – 6 December 2021) was a Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) officer, pilot, and combat veteran who served with the Royal Air Force (RAF) in a number of significant engagements during the Second World War. He was a member of No. 88 Squadron and flew anti-ship missions in the Bristol Blenheim and Douglas Boston. Horton also served with and later commanded No. 105 Squadron flying the de Havilland Mosquito in the Pathfinder Force (PFF) that marked targets for destruction by following groups of heavy bombers.

After the war, Horton was commissioned with the RAF and commanded No. 203 Squadron, flying maritime patrol missions in the Neptune MR.1. He served on the United Kingdom's Air Ministry staff and as a liaison officer in the Pentagon to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Horton retired with the rank of wing commander in 1966.

Liaison officer
A liaison officer is a person who liaises between two or more organizations to communicate and coordinate their activities on a matter of mutual concern. Generally, liaison officers are used for achieving the best utilization of resources, or employment of services of one organization by another. Liaison officers often provide technical or subject matter expertise of their parent organization. Usually, an organization embeds or attaches a liaison officer into another organization to provide face-to-face coordination.
Herbert Dardik
Herbert (Chaim) Dardik (May 17, 1935 – May 11, 2020) was a vascular surgeon who served as the chief of vascular surgery at Englewood Hospital and Medical Center in Englewood, New Jersey, and founded that institution's first vascular surgery fellowship program in 1978. Dardik made many developments in vascular surgery, including the first tissue-engineered bypass graft used to prevent gangrene and save lower limbs. In 2017 he earned the Society for Vascular Surgery's Lifetime Achievement Award for his contributions to the profession.

Englewood Hospital and Medical Center
Englewood Hospital is an acute care 294-bed teaching hospital in Englewood, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. In spring 2024, the medical center received an 'A' Hospital Safety Grade from The Leapfrog Group patient safety organization.
Chambers County Courthouse Square Historic District
The Chambers County Courthouse Square Historic District comprises the central portion of LaFayette, Alabama, United States, centered on the Chambers County Courthouse. The courthouse is located in a square, surrounded by an early 20th century  commercial district on LaFayette Street, Alabama Avenue, First Street SE and First Avenue. The district includes 63 buildings, of which 45 are considered contributing features. It is described as one of the most intact courthouse squares in Alabama.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 27, 1980.

LaFayette, Alabama
LaFayette (/ləˈfeɪɛt, -ˈfaɪ-/ lə-FAY-et, -⁠FY-, /ˈlʌfeɪɛt/ LUF-ay-et) is the county seat of Chambers County, Alabama, United States, 47 miles (76 km) northwest of Columbus, Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 3,003.
Peloncillo National Forest
Peloncillo National Forest was an American national forest. It was established as the Peloncillo Forest Reserve in Arizona and New Mexico on November 15, 1906, with 178,977 acres (724.29 km2). It became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908 it was combined with the Chiricahua National Forest and the name was discontinued. Its lands presently exist as part of the Coronado National Forest.

Much of the forest was transferred out of the National Forest system to the Bureau of Land Management and the remainder, (now part of the Douglas Ranger District of Coronado) is at the extreme southern end of the Peloncillo Mountains in Cochise County, Arizona, and Hidalgo County, New Mexico.

Cochise County, Arizona
Cochise County (/koʊˈtʃiːs/ koh-CHEESS) is a county in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Arizona. It is named after Cochise, a Chiricahua Apache, who was a key war leader during the Apache Wars.

Its population was 125,447 at the 2020 census. The county seat is Bisbee and the most populous city is Sierra Vista.

Cochise County includes the Sierra Vista-Douglas, Arizona metropolitan statistical area. The county borders southwestern New Mexico and the northwestern Mexican state of Sonora.
Sandora Society
Sandora Society was a charitable, cultural, and educational society active in Lithuania Minor (mainly the Klaipėda Region) from 1904 to 1940. Its long-term chairman and leader was Lutheran priest Vilius Gaigalaitis. Based in Klaipėda (Memel), it supported Prussian Lithuanian activities as a counterweight to Germanization efforts. The society supported religious education for the youth, provided charitable aid to the elderly (including opening a modern care home in 1935 which continues to this day), organized church choirs, published monthly Pagalba as well as religious and educational books. It had a rich library which had about 7,000 books by 1937. Sandora and its institutions were closed after the German takeover of Klaipėda Region in 1939. The society was reestablished by Lutheran priests in 1989–1995.

Šilutė
Šilutė (pronunciationⓘ; previously Šilokarčiama; German: Heydekrug) is a city in the south of the Klaipėda County in western Lithuania. The city is part of the Klaipėda Region and ethnographic Lithuania Minor. Šilutė was the interwar capital of Šilutė County and is currently the capital of Šilutė District Municipality.
Arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin)
Arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) (EC 1.20.4.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

arsenate + glutaredoxin  arsenite + glutaredoxin disulfide + H2O

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are arsenate and glutaredoxin, whereas its 3 products are arsenite, glutaredoxin disulfide, and water.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donor with disulfide as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is glutaredoxin:arsenate oxidoreductase.

Arsenate
The arsenate is an ion with the chemical formula AsO3−4. Bonding in arsenate consists of a central arsenic atom, with oxidation state +5, double bonded to one oxygen atom and single bonded to a further three oxygen atoms. The four oxygen atoms orient around the arsenic atom in a tetrahedral geometry. Resonance disperses the ion's −3 charge across all four oxygen atoms.

Arsenate readily reacts with metals to form arsenate metal compounds. Arsenate is a moderate oxidizer and an electron acceptor, with an electrode potential of +0.56 V for its reduction to arsenite. Due to arsenic having the same valency and similar atomic radius to phosphorus, arsenate shares similar geometry and reactivity with phosphate. Arsenate can replace phosphate in biochemical reactions and is toxic to most organisms.
Pohnpeian language
Pohnpeian is a Micronesian language spoken as the indigenous language of the island of Pohnpei in the Caroline Islands. Pohnpeian has approximately 30,000 (estimated) native speakers living in Pohnpei and its outlying atolls and islands with another 10,000-15,000 (estimated) living off island in parts of the US mainland, Hawaii, and Guam. It is the second-most widely spoken native language of the Federated States of Micronesia the first being Chuukese.

Pohnpeian features a "high language", referred to as Meing or Mahsen en Meing including specialized vocabulary used when speaking to, or about people of high rank.

Determiner
In natural language, a determiner, also called a determinative (abbreviated DET), is a word or affix that combines with a noun to express its reference. Examples in English include articles (the and a/an), demonstratives (this, that), possessive determiners (my, their), and quantifiers (many, both). Not all languages have determiners, and not all systems of grammatical description recognize them as a distinct category.
Tina Barsby
Tina Lorraine Barsby is a plant geneticist working in the UK. She primarily works in the agriculture sector and is currently the CEO of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB). Her most notable work has been in global food security. She was appointed an OBE in the 2018 New Year Honours List for services to agricultural science and biotechnology.

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. It is the largest UK public funder of non-medical bioscience. It predominantly funds scientific research institutes and university research departments in the UK.
Katherine Press
Katherine Press is an English actress, best known for her role as Hannah in Stephen Poliakoff’s 2013 BBC series Dancing on the Edge.

Born in Bristol and educated at The Redmaids' School, Press trained as a dancer at Central School of Ballet before attending the University of Cambridge.

In 2011 Press played the role of Ophelia in Trevor Nunn’s acclaimed production of Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are Dead at Chichester Festival Theatre and the Theatre Royal Haymarket, starring original History Boys Samuel Barnett and Jamie Parker. She subsequently filmed Dancing on the Edge for the BBC and the feature film Closed Circuit, starring Rebecca Hall and Eric Bana. Other screen credits include Midsomer Murders, Doctors, Captain America: The First Avenger and Foyle's War.

The History Boys
The History Boys is a play by British playwright Alan Bennett. The play premiered at the Royal National Theatre in London's West End on 18 May 2004. Its Broadway debut was on 23 April 2006 at the Broadhurst Theatre where 185 performances were staged before it closed on 1 October 2006.

The play won multiple awards, including the 2005 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play and the 2006 Tony Award for Best Play.
Mahangaatuamatua
Mahanga-atua-matua is a canoe mentioned in a letter by Uma-kau-oho-mata-kamokamo, a Māori chief from the Tauranga district, New Zealand, quoted in White (1887-1891). Claiming that this canoe did not bring any food plants to New Zealand because it was too sacred to carry such items, and was manned by priests and chiefs, Uma-kau-oho-mata-kamokamo said that Mahanga-atua-matua was the first canoe to land in New Zealand, and that he or his people still possessed (the traditions relating to) the priests who built the canoe and the adzes that they used.

Waka (canoe)
Waka (Māori: [ˈwaka]) are Māori watercraft, usually canoes ranging in size from small, unornamented canoes (waka tīwai) used for fishing and river travel to large, decorated war canoes (waka taua) up to 40 metres (130 ft) long.

The earliest remains of a canoe in New Zealand were found near the Anaweka estuary in a remote part of the Tasman District and radiocarbon-dated to about 1400. The canoe was constructed in New Zealand, and was a sophisticated canoe, compatible with the style of other Polynesian voyaging canoes at that time.

Since the 1970s, about eight large double-hulled waka of about 20 metres have been constructed for oceanic voyaging to other parts of the Pacific. They are made of a blend of modern and traditional materials, incorporating features from ancient Melanesia, as well as Polynesia.
Lavičky
Lavičky is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

Lavičky lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) south of Žďár nad Sázavou, 28 kilometres (17 mi) east of Jihlava, and 137 kilometres (85 mi) south-east of Prague.

Žďár nad Sázavou
Žďár nad Sázavou (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʒɟaːr ˈnat saːzavou]; German: Saar) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 20,000 inhabitants. The town is an industrial and tourist centre. It is known for the Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Despotism
In political science, despotism is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power.  Normally, that entity is an individual, the despot (as in an autocracy), but societies which limit respect and power to specific groups have also been called despotic.

Colloquially, the word despot applies pejoratively to those who use their power and authority arbitrarily to oppress their populace or subordinates. More specifically, the term often applies to a head of state or government. In this sense, it is similar to the pejorative connotations that are associated with the terms tyrant and dictator.

Despot has also been a royal title assumed by various leaders historically, such as by rulers of the Serbian Despotate.

Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the ability to influence or direct the actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. Power does not exclusively refer to the threat or use of force (coercion) by one actor against another, but may also be exerted through diffuse means (such as institutions).

Power may also take structural forms, as it orders actors in relation to one another (such as distinguishing between a master and an enslaved person, a householder and their relatives, an employer and their employees, a parent and a child, a political representative and their voters, etc.), and discursive forms, as categories and language may lend legitimacy to some behaviors and groups over others. The term authority is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate or socially approved by the social structure. Scholars have distinguished between soft power and hard power.