hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Language assessment
Language assessment or language testing is a field of study under the umbrella of applied linguistics.  Its main focus is the assessment of first, second or other language in the school, college, or university context; assessment of language use in the workplace; and assessment of language in the immigration, citizenship, and asylum contexts. The assessment may include listening, speaking, reading, writing, an integration of two or more of these skills, or other constructs of language ability. Equal weight may be placed on knowledge (understanding how the language works theoretically) and proficiency (ability to use the language practically), or greater weight may be given to one aspect or the other.

Right of asylum
The right of asylum, sometimes called right of political asylum (asylum from Ancient Greek  ἄσυλον (ásulon) 'sanctuary'), is a juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, such as a second country or another entity which in medieval times could offer sanctuary. This right was recognized by the Ancient Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Hebrews, from whom it was adopted into Western tradition. René Descartes fled to the Netherlands, Voltaire to England, and Thomas Hobbes to France, because each state offered protection to persecuted foreigners. Contemporary right of asylum is founded on the non-binding Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Oerlemans
Oerlemans is a Dutch toponymic surname most likely indicating an origin in the former hamlet of Oerle, currently a borough of Tilburg, although a connection to the town of Oerle, North Brabant can not be ruled out.

Notable Dutch people with the surname include:

Daniëlle Oerlemans-Overgaag (born 1973), road cyclist, wife of Reinout

Hans Oerlemans (born 1950), climatologist and glaciologist

Jeroen Oerlemans (1970–2016), photojournalist

Marcel Oerlemans (born 1969), football striker

Natasja Oerlemans (born 1969), Party for the Animals politician

Reinout Oerlemans (born 1971), actor, director, producer and presenter, husband of Daniëlle

Yvonne Oerlemans (1945–2012), sculptor, installation artist

Yvonne Oerlemans
Yvonne Oerlemans (31 December 1945 – 14 September 2012) was a Dutch sculptor and video artist who has been active in the field of video art, installations and objects since 1982. Oerlemans created a diverse oeuvre that has been exhibited worldwide. She studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Hague (1974–79) and at the video workshop of the Jan van Eyck Academy in Maastricht (1983). In 1985 she was awarded a prize for her artistic career at the Aarhus International Video Festival & Competition. Oerlemans' early artworks deal with the human condition in a metaphorical and philosophical way. Her videos are characterized by a paradoxical sense of humor. The works are usually short, compact and mostly shot in a studio with a static camera.
Josef Šroubek
Josef "Boban" Šroubek (2 December 1891 – 29 August 1964) was a Czech ice hockey player who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1920 Summer Olympics, in the 1924 Winter Olympics, and in the 1928 Winter Olympics. He also played football as a forward for Sparta Prague, and made one appearance for the Czechoslovakia national team in 1921.

He was a member of the Czechoslovak ice hockey team which won the bronze medal in 1920. He scored the lone goal against Sweden in the bronze medal game. He also participated in the 1924 ice hockey tournament and in the 1928 ice hockey tournament. He died in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

AC Sparta Prague
Athletic Club Sparta Praha (Czech pronunciation: [ˈaː ˈtsɛː ˈsparta ˈpraɦa]), commonly known as Sparta Prague and Sparta Praha, is a professional football club based in Prague.

It is the most successful club in the Czech Republic and one of the most successful in central Europe, winning the central European Cup (also known as the Mitropa Cup) three times and reaching the semi-finals of the European Cup (now the UEFA Champions League) in 1992 and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1973.

Sparta have won a record 38 domestic league titles, a record 16 Czech Cups (and its predecessor Czechoslovak Cup), and two Czech Supercups. Sparta was long the main source for the Czech Republic national football team; however, lately the best Czech players almost exclusively play in foreign leagues.

Sparta plays at Prague's Epet Arena, also known as Letná Stadium.
1805 Delaware's at-large congressional district special election
A special election was held in Delaware's at-large congressional district on October 1, 1805, to fill a vacancy resulting from the resignation of James A. Bayard, a Federalist, upon election to the Senate.  Bayard had earlier served in the House in the 5th, 6th, and 7th congresses before being narrowly defeated for re-election in 1802 by Caesar A. Rodney, whom he, in turn, defeated in 1804.

Broom took his seat with the rest of the 9th Congress on December 2, 1805.

7th United States Congress
The 7th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1801, to March 4, 1803, during the first two years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1790 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority, except when the Senate held a two-day Special Senate session in order to provide advice to the new President Thomas Jefferson, when there was still a Federalist majority in the Senate.
Southampton Harbour Board Police
Southampton Harbour Board Police was a small police force for the Port of Southampton, founded in 1847 and disbanded in 1980. Officers were sworn in under section 79 of the Harbours, Docks, and Piers Clauses Act 1847.

British Transport Police
The British Transport Police (BTP; Welsh: Heddlu Trafnidiaeth Prydeinig) is a national special police force that polices the railway network of Great Britain (England and Wales, and Scotland), which consists of over 10,000 miles of track and 3,000 stations and depots.

BTP also polices the London Underground, Docklands Light Railway, West Midlands Metro, Tramlink, part of the Tyne and Wear Metro, Glasgow Subway and the London Cable Car.

The force is funded primarily by the rail industry.
Nanohana (manga)
Nanohana (なのはな; transl. "Rapeseed Blossoms" or "Cole Flowers") is a Japanese manga anthology written and illustrated by Moto Hagio. Published from 2011 to 2012 in the manga magazine Monthly Flowers, the series is a collection of one-shots on nuclear power and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Noted as one of the first works on the incident published in Japan, the series focuses on a message of hope in the face of the disaster, while also being a satire that is critical of nuclear power. Nanohana was critically acclaimed upon its release, with Hagio winning a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Sense of Gender Awards for the series in 2012. A theatrical adaptation of the series was staged in 2019.

Mechademia
Mechademia: Second Arc is a biannual (formerly annual) peer-reviewed academic journal in English about Japanese popular culture products and fan practices. It is published by the University of Minnesota Press and the editor-in-chief is Frenchy Lunning. Mechademia has also held an annual conference since 2001.
Kenneth To
Kenneth King-him To (7 July 1992 – 19 March 2019) was a Hong Kong Australian swimmer who practised individual medley, freestyle, butterfly and breaststroke. He won 6 medals at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, was the male overall winner of the 2012 FINA Swimming World Cup and was a World Championships silver medallist. He was the holder of 16 Hong Kong national swimming records.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
Nobility association
A nobility association is a hereditary society which admits mostly or exclusively persons it considers to belong to its country's nobility, according to either current law if it recognises nobility, or according to historical law if it doesn't recognise it anymore. Nobility associations function as social clubs and organise events such as balls, galas, and youth meetings, provide aid to members in need, represent the interests of the nobility in public, organise charitable endeavours, perform genealogical research, regulate succession to noble titles if the state does not, and combat heraldic, chivalric and nobiliary fraud. Most legitimate European nobility associations belong to the Commission d'information et de liaison des associations nobles d'Europe (CILANE).

Heraldic fraud
Heraldic fraud may mean either to falsely claim the right to a coat of arms (or other component of heraldic display) for oneself, or to falsely assert that someone else has that right in order to sell heraldic art to them. Both can be seen as a kind of fraud and an infringement of intellectual property rights.
Passerina ericoides
Passerina ericoides, the Christmas berry, is a threatened species of plant in the family Thymelaeaceae, genus Passerina. It is indigenous to the coastal fynbos areas in and around the city of Cape Town, South Africa.

Thymelaeaceae
The Thymelaeaceae /ˌθɪmɪliːˈeɪsiː, -siˌaɪ/ are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species. It was established in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The Thymelaeaceae are mostly trees and shrubs, with a few vines and herbaceous plants, the latter including some annual species.
2010 Australian V8 Ute Racing Series
The 2010 Auto One V8 Ute Racing Series was a motor racing series for Ford Falcon and Holden utilities (commonly known as "utes"), built and conforming to V8 Utes series regulations and those holding valid licences to compete as issued by series organisers Spherix and Australian V8 Ute Racing Pty. Ltd. The series formed the tenth running of a national series for V8 Utes in Australia. The series began on 17 March 2010 at the Adelaide Street Circuit and ended on 2 December at the Homebush Street Circuit after 8 rounds.

The series was won by Grant Johnson, driving a Holden VE SS Ute.

Coupé utility
A coupé utility is a vehicle with a passenger compartment at the front and an integrated cargo tray at the rear, with the front of the cargo bed doubling as the rear of the passenger compartment.

The term originated in the 1930s, where it was used to distinguish passenger-car-based two-door vehicles with an integrated cargo tray from traditional pickup trucks that have a cargo bed separate from the passenger compartment. Since the 2000s, this type of vehicle has also been referred to as a "pick-up", "car-based pick-up" or "car-based truck".

In Australia, where the traditional style of coupé utility remained popular until it ceased production in 2017, it is commonly called a "ute".
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the 6 U.S. representatives from the State of Louisiana, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections will coincide with the other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. In races where no candidate receives over 50% of the vote, runoff elections will take place on December 12, 2026. Party primary elections will be held on May 16, 2026 with a runoff on June 27 if no candidate wins a majority in the primary.

2026 United States Senate elections
The 2026 United States Senate elections are scheduled to be held on November 3, 2026, with 33 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested in regular elections. In these elections, voters will elect candidates to six-year terms that begin on January 3, 2027 and expire on January 3, 2033.

Senators are divided into three classes whose terms are staggered, so that a different class is elected every two years. Class 2 senators were last elected in 2020 and are up for election in 2026. With the election of John Thune as leader of the Republican Conference, this will be the first election year since 2006 in which Senate Republicans are not led by Mitch McConnell.

Special elections have been scheduled in Ohio and Florida, following the resignation of JD Vance to become vice president and Marco Rubio's resignation to become secretary of state, respectively.
Love in a Riddle
Love in a Riddle is a 1729 ballad opera by the British actor-manager Colley Cibber. It was part of a boom in ballad operas inspired by the enormous success of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera the previous year.

The original Drury Lane cast included John Mills as Arcas, John Harper as Aegon, Charles Williams as Amyntas, Sarah Thurmond as Iphis, Colley Cibber as Philautus, Benjamin Griffin as Corydon, James Oates as Mopsus, Joe Miller as Cimon, Jane Cibber as Ianthe and Kitty Clive as Phillida. The prologue was spoken by Robert Wilks.

John Gay
John Gay (30 June 1685 – 4 December 1732) was an English poet and dramatist and member of the Scriblerus Club. He is best remembered for The Beggar's Opera (1728), a ballad opera. The characters, including Captain Macheath and Polly Peachum, became household names.
Ben Ross (baseball)
Benjamin Andrew Ross (born June 6, 2001) is an American professional baseball infielder in the Minnesota Twins organization.

Ross played college baseball at Notre Dame College in South Euclid, Ohio. He was named second-team All-Mountain East Conference (MEC) as a sophomore after batting .426 with 20 doubles, 11 home runs, and 31 RBIs. After the season, Ross played summer collegiate baseball for the Champion City Kings of the Prospect League. He was named the MEC Player of the Year after hitting .393 with 20 doubles, 14 home runs, and 60 RBIs. He began the summer playing for the Wisconsin Rapids Rafters of the Northwoods League.

Ross was selected in the 5th round by the Minnesota Twins in the 2022 Major League Baseball draft. After signing with the team he was assigned to the Rookie-level Florida Complex League Twins and was later promoted to the Single-A Fort Myers Mighty Mussels. Ross was assigned to the High-A Cedar Rapids Kernels at the beginning of the 2023 season.

Florida Complex League Twins
The Florida Complex League Twins are the Rookie-level affiliate of the Minnesota Twins, competing in the Florida Complex League of Minor League Baseball. The team plays in Fort Myers, Florida, at the Lee County Sports Complex. Prior to 2021, the team was known as the Gulf Coast League Twins. The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball either as draftees or non-drafted free agents from the United States, Canada, Dominican Republic, Venezuela and other countries.
Rāja yoga
In Sanskrit texts, Raja yoga (/ˈrɑːdʒə ˈjoʊɡə/) was both the goal of yoga and a method to attain it. The term was later adopted as a modern label for the practice of yoga when  Swami Vivekananda gave his interpretation of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali in his 1896 book Raja Yoga. Since then, Rāja yoga has variously been called ashtanga yoga,  royal yoga, royal union, sahaja marg, and classical yoga.

Gerald James Larson
Gerald James Larson (April 24, 1938 – April 27, 2019) was an Indologist known for his writings about Indian religions. He was the Rabindranath Tagore Professor Emeritus of Indian Cultures and Civilization at Indiana University, Bloomington as well as Professor Emeritus of Religious Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Le Grau-du-Roi
Le Grau-du-Roi (French pronunciation: [lə ɡʁo dy ʁwa]; Occitan: Lo Grau dau Rei) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France. It is the only commune in Gard to have a frontage on the Mediterranean. To the west is the Herault department and La Grande-Motte village, and to the east is the Bouches-du-Rhone department. Using the sea as a vantage point, the commune has four distinct sections: the right beach (Plage de Rive Droite), the Village, the left beach (Plage de Rive Gauche), Port-Camargue and L'Espiguette. Immediately landwards are the large shallow étangs, saline marshes, which separate it from Aigues Mortes, a neighboring mediaeval walled city that used to be a port. The étangs are home to numerous flamingoes.

Bouches-du-Rhône
Bouches-du-Rhône (/ˌbuːʃ djuː ˈroʊn/ BOOSH dew ROHN; French: les Bouches-du-Rhône [le buʃ dy ʁon] ⓘ, locally [le ˈbuʃə dy ˈʁɔnə]; Occitan: lei Bocas de Ròse [lej ˈbukɔz de ˈʀɔze]; "the Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in southern France. It borders Vaucluse to the north, Gard to the west and Var to the east. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the south. Its prefecture and largest city is Marseille; other important cities include Aix-en-Provence, Arles, Martigues and Aubagne.

Marseille, France's second-largest city, has one of the largest container ports in the country. It prides itself on being France's oldest city, founded by Greek settlers from Phocaea around 600 BC. Bouches-du-Rhône is the most populous department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, with 2,043,110 inhabitants as of 2019. It has an area of 5,087 km2 (1,964 sq mi). Its INSEE and postal code is 13.
Stanton Garner
Stanton B. Garner Jr. (born 1955) is an American scholar of drama, theater, and performance who specializes in modern and contemporary drama, theatre and performance theory, and medical humanities. A graduate of the Pennsylvania State University and Princeton University, he is currently James Douglas Bruce Professor of English and Theater at the University of Tennessee. With J. Ellen Gainor and Martin Puchner, he is co-editor of the Norton Anthology of Drama and The Shorter Norton Anthology of Drama (2009; 3rd ed. 2018) (W. W. Norton & Company).

His late father, Stanton Garner (1925 - 2011), was a scholar of nineteenth-century American literature.

W. W. Norton & Company
W. W. Norton & Company is an American publishing company based in New York City. Established in 1923, it has been owned wholly by its employees since the early 1960s. The company is known for its Norton Anthologies (particularly The Norton Anthology of English Literature) and its texts in the Norton Critical Editions series, both of which are frequently assigned in university literature courses.
Collar day
Collar days are designated days on which the collar forming part of the insignia of certain members of British orders of knighthood may be worn.

Collars are special large and elaborate ceremonial metal chains worn over the shoulders, hanging equally over the front and back, often tied with a bow at the shoulders, with a distinctive pendant attached to the front.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
Gringo
Gringo (/ˈɡriːnɡoʊ/, Spanish: [ˈɡɾiŋɡo], Portuguese: [ˈɡɾĩɡu]) (masculine) or gringa (feminine) is a term in Spanish and Portuguese for a foreigner. In Spanish, the term usually refers to English-speaking Anglo-Americans. There are differences in meaning depending on region and country. The term is often considered derogatory, but is not always used to insult, and in the United States, its usage and offensiveness is disputed.

The word derives from the term used by the Spanish for a Greek person: griego. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded use in English comes from John Woodhouse Audubon's Western Journal of 1849–1850, in which Audubon reports that his party was hooted and shouted at and called "Gringoes" while passing through the town of Cerro Gordo, Veracruz.

Pejorative
A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or vice versa) in some or all contexts.
Goncourt station
Goncourt (French pronunciation: [ɡɔ̃kuʁ] ⓘ) is a station on line 11 of the Paris Métro in the 10th and 11th arrondissements. It is named after the nearby rue des Goncourt, which was named after the writers Edmond de Goncourt (1822–1896) and his brother Jules de Goncourt (1830–1870). Edmond de Goncourt left funds to create the Académie Goncourt which awards the Prix Goncourt literary prize.

11th arrondissement of Paris
The 11th arrondissement of Paris (XIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, the arrondissement is referred to as le onzième ([ɔ̃zjɛm]; "the eleventh").

The arrondissement, called Popincourt, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. It is one of the most densely populated urban districts of any European city. In 2020, it had a population of 144,292. It is the best-served Parisian arrondissement in terms of number of Métro stations, at 25.

Its borders are marked by three large squares: the Place de la République to the northwest, the Place de la Bastille to the southwest, as well as the Place de la Nation to the southeast.
Jonathan Mokuena
Jonathan Mokuena (born 29 May 1981) is a South African former rugby union player.

Born in Cape Town, Mokuena attended Voortrekker High School on a bursary, which is where he picked up rugby.

Mokuena, a loose forward, was an Emerging Springboks representative and national rugby sevens captain. He began at Western Province in the 2002 Currie Cup, before switching two years later to the Leopards when he relocated to Potchefstroom. In 2009, Mokuena was the number eight in the Royal XV which played against the touring 2009 British & Irish Lions, earning man of the match honours for his performance. He captained Griquas to the 2009 Vodacom Cup title and then had two seasons in the Super 14 with the Lions.

In 2016, Mokuena coached the North-West University side to victory in the Varsity Cup.

2002 Currie Cup
The 2002 Currie Cup was the 2002 season of the South African domestic rugby union competition, the Absa Currie Cup premier division, played from 19 July 2002 – 26 October 2002. The finals were played at Ellis Park Stadium where the Blue Bulls beat the Golden Lions 31–7 to win the Cup. This would be the first win for the Blue Bulls in a streak of 3 consecutive Currie Cup wins from 2002-2004.
South African pay TV channel SuperSport obtained exclusive rights to broadcast the 2002 Currie Cup. The public broadcaster, the South African Broadcasting Corporation could only begin broadcasting the matches 2 hours after SuperSport began their broadcast.