hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tampere camp
Tampere camp (also Kalevankangas camp) was a concentration camp operating from 6 April 1918 to 15 September 1918 in the Kaleva district of Tampere, Finland. It was set up for the Reds captured by the White Army after the Finnish Civil War Battle of Tampere.

Kaleva (Tampere)
Kaleva is an eastern part of the city of Tampere, Finland, located south of the Kauppi district. It is part of larger Sampo district. The population of Kaleva is approximately 10,000 (2005).

The most notable landmark is the Kaleva Church built between 1959 and 1966, and located in the Liisankallio district.

Kaleva has many educational institutions, the folk high school Sampola and vocational school of economics, two high schools (lukio); Kalevan lukio and Sammon keskuslukio, and two comprehensive schools. It's also the home of the biggest swimming hall in Tampere.

Most locals are students from Tampere University or pensioners. In 2007 Kaleva topped being the most poor part of the town.

One of the notable residents of Kaleva is Sanna Marin, the former Prime Minister of Finland.
Herbartianism
Herbartianism is an educational philosophy, movement, and method loosely based on the educational and pedagogical thought of German educator Johann Friedrich Herbart, and influential on American school pedagogy of the late 19th century as the field worked towards a science of education. Herbart advocated for instruction that introduced new ideas in discrete steps. About a quarter-century after his death, Herbart's ideas were expanded in two German schools of thought that were later embodied in the method used at a practice school in Jena, which attracted educationists from the United States. Herbartianism was later replaced by new pedagogies, such as those of John Dewey.

School pedagogy
School pedagogy is a thematic field of pedagogy (educational sciences). As a scientific field, school pedagogy deals at a theoretical and practical level with the development and interaction of scientific concepts related to the organization of school life and teaching. School pedagogy, as a field related to the functions mentioned above, was initially introduced in Germany and later spread to other European countries.
East Sussex and Kent South (European Parliament constituency)
Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of East Sussex and Kent South was one of them.

It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies (on their 1983 boundaries) of Bexhill and Battle, Eastbourne, Hastings and Rye, Lewes, Sevenoaks, Tunbridge Wells, and Wealden.

Sir Jack Stewart-Clark of the Conservatives was the MEP for the constituency's entire existence; he had previously represented the old constituency of Sussex East since 1979.

Eastbourne (UK Parliament constituency)
Eastbourne is a constituency for the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It was created as one of nine in Sussex in 1885, since when it has reduced in geographic size reflecting the growth of its main settlement, Eastbourne. For the majority of its history, the constituency has been represented by Conservative MPs, but from the 1990s onwards became a marginal seat, or swing seat, and since 2024 has been represented by Josh Babarinde, a Liberal Democrat.
Canton of Château-Gontier-sur-Mayenne-1
The canton of Château-Gontier-sur-Mayenne-1 (before March 2020: canton of Azé) is an administrative division of the Mayenne department, northwestern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Château-Gontier-sur-Mayenne.

It consists of the following communes:

Mayenne
Mayenne (French: [majɛn] ⓘ) is a landlocked department in northwest France named after the river Mayenne. Mayenne is part of the administrative region of Pays de la Loire and is surrounded by the departments of Manche, Orne, Sarthe, Maine-et-Loire, and Ille-et-Vilaine.

Mayenne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. The northern two thirds correspond to the western part of the former province of Maine. The southern third of Mayenne corresponds to the northern portion of the old province of Anjou. The inhabitants of the department are called Mayennais. It had a population of 307,062 in 2019.
Aigle-class frigate
Aigle-class frigates were 36-gun sailing frigates of the fifth rate designed by Surveyor of the Navy, Sir John Henslow for the Royal Navy. Only two were built: HMS Aigle and HMS Resistance. Aigle was ordered first on 15 September 1798 but a 16-month delay during her construction meant that Resistance was completed and launched first on 29 April 1801.

Hulk (ship type)
A hulk is a ship that is afloat, but incapable of going to sea. 'Hulk' may be used to describe a ship that has been launched but not completed, an abandoned wreck or shell, or a ship whose propulsion system is no longer maintained or has been removed altogether. The word hulk also may be used as a verb: a ship is "hulked" to convert it to a hulk. The verb was also applied to crews of Royal Navy ships in dock, who were sent to the receiving ship for accommodation, or "hulked". Hulks have a variety of uses such as housing, prisons, salvage pontoons, gambling sites, naval training, or cargo storage.

In the age of sail, many hulls served longer as hulks than they did as functional ships. Wooden ships were often hulked when the hull structure became too old and weak to withstand the stresses of sailing.

More recently, ships have been hulked when they become obsolete or when they become uneconomical to operate.
Football in Equatorial Guinea
Association football (soccer) is the most popular sport in Equatorial Guinea. It was during Spanish colonialism that football arrived to Equatorial Guinea. Football is now a very popular sport in the country. Recently the national team has made a few surprising results. In the qualification for the FIFA World Cup in 2006 Togo (who later qualified for the World Cup) was beaten 1-0, and in qualification for the African Cup of Nations in 2008 they beat Cameroon 1-0.

Equatorial Guinea co-hosted the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations with Gabon, and was the host of the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations.

2008 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2008 Africa Cup of Nations, also known as the MTN Africa Cup of Nations due to the competition's sponsorship by MTN, was the 26th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the biennial football tournament for nations affiliated with the Confederation of African Football (CAF). The tournament was staged at four venues around Ghana between 20 January and 10 February 2008. This was the last Africa Cup of Nations to use the old CAF logo.

Egypt won the tournament, beating Cameroon 1–0 in the final. As winners, they qualified for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup as the CAF representatives.
Ungeremine
Ungeremine is a betaine-type alkaloid isolated from Nerine bowdenii and related plants such as Pancratium maritimum.  Pharmacologically, it is of interest as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and accordingly as possibly relevant to Alzheimer's disease. It also has been investigated as a bactericide.

Pancratium maritimum
Pancratium maritimum, or sea daffodil, is a species of bulbous plant native to both sides of the Mediterranean region and the Black Sea, from the Canary Islands, Portugal, Morocco, and Cyprus, and east to Turkey, Syria, Israel and the Caucasus. Parts of its range on the coasts of the Black Sea include southern Bulgaria, northern Turkey and Georgia. It is also naturalized in southern California, Bermuda and the Azores.

Pancratium maritimum grows on beaches and coastal sand dunes, often with much of the leaves and scapes buried in the sand. Other vernacular names are sea lily, sand daffodil, sand lily and lily of St. Nicholas, (although it is not a true lily). The specific epithet maritimum means "of the sea".
Eldon R. Clingan
Eldon R. Clingan is an American accountant and former Liberal Party of New York politician from New York City. In his youth, he was a member of the League for Industrial Democracy and national chair of the Young People's Socialist League from 1958 to 1959.

Clingan served in the New York City Council representing a Manhattan, New York at-large district from 1970 to 1973. He served as Minority Leader of that body from also from 1970 to 1973 and helped to introduce Intro 475, civil rights legislation that would have prohibited discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. The bill was defeated.

In later years Clingan served as the President of the National Society of Accountants from 2004 to 2005.

Liberal Party of New York
The Liberal Party of New York is a political party in New York. Its platform supports a standard set of socially liberal policies, including abortion rights, increased spending on education, and universal health care.
Finnish Rural Party
The Finnish Rural Party (Finnish: Suomen maaseudun puolue, SMP; Swedish: Finlands landsbygdsparti, FLP) was an agrarian and populist political party in Finland. Starting as a breakaway faction of the Agrarian League in 1959 as the Small Peasants' Party of Finland (Suomen Pientalonpoikien Puolue), the party was identified with the person of Veikko Vennamo, a former Agrarian League Member of Parliament known for his opposition to the politics of President Urho Kekkonen. Vennamo was chairman of the Finnish Rural Party between 1959 and 1979.

Support for the party was at its highest in the 1970s and 1980s, with its share of the votes reaching around 10 percent in some parliamentary elections. Between 1983 and 1990, the party took part in two coalition governments. In the 1990s, the party fell into financial trouble and was disbanded in 1995; it was formally dissolved in 2003. It was succeeded by the Finns Party.

Agrarianism
Agrarianism is a social and political philosophy that advocates for rural development, a rural agricultural lifestyle, family farming, widespread property ownership, and political decentralization. Those who adhere to agrarianism tend to value traditional forms of local community over urban modernity. Agrarian political parties sometimes aim to support the rights and sustainability of small farmers and poor peasants against the wealthy, powerful and famous in society.
Andalusi classical music
Andalusi classical music (Arabic: طرب أندلسي, romanized: ṭarab ʾandalusī; Spanish: música andalusí), also called Andalusi music or Arab-Andalusian music, is a genre of music originally developed in al-Andalus by the Muslim population of the region and the Moors. It then spread and influenced many different styles across the Maghreb (Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia) after the Expulsion of the Moriscos. It originated in the music of al-Andalus (Muslim Iberia) between the 9th and 15th centuries. Some of its poems derive from famous authors such as al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, Ibn Khafaja, al-Shushtari, and Ibn al-Khatib.

Ibn Khafaja
Abu Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Abu al-Fath (1058–1138/9), called Ibn Khafajah (إبن خفاجة), a native of Alzira, was a poet of al-Andalus during the reign of the Almoravids. He was born in 1058 in Alzira  (Arabic: جزيرة شقر) near Valencia  where he spent most of his life. He was the maternal uncle of poet Ibn al-Zaqqaq.

He wrote sophisticated nature poetry. He remained unmarried but had many friends and lived to be over eighty.There is a style based on him afterwards followed by many known as 'khafājī'.

His poetry often uses images to a dramatic function, such as contrasting light and darkness, or humanising the night environment.

Composer Mohammed Fairouz set three poems of Ibn Khafajah to music in a cycle of vocal chamber music written for the Cygnus Ensemble.
2021 National Bank Open – Women's singles
Camila Giorgi defeated Karolína Plíšková in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2021 Canadian Open. It was her third career WTA Tour title, her first at the WTA 1000 level, and her first since Linz in 2018.

Bianca Andreescu was the defending champion from when the event was last held in 2019, but lost in the third round to Ons Jabeur.

Alison Van Uytvanck
Alison Van Uytvanck (Dutch pronunciation: [vɑn ˈœytfɑŋk]; born 26 March 1994) is a Belgian former professional tennis player. In August 2018, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 37.

Van Uytvanck won five singles and two doubles WTA Tour titles and three Challenger Tour singles titles, as well as 15 singles and two doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Madis Üürike
Madis Üürike (born 12 February 1943) is an Estonian politician and economist.

Madis Üürike was born in Tartu, Estonia. Following the re-occupation of Estonia by the Soviet Union, the family fled to Sweden, where Üürike  was raised and educated. He received his master's degree in philosophy and economics at Stockholm University and studied for his doctorate at Uppsala University, where he also worked as a university lecturer.

In the 1970s and 1980s, he entered management positions within the construction and property industry in Stockholm.

Following the reestablishment of Estonia's independence, Üürike returned to Estonia. From 1992 until 1994, he was Minister of Finance. From 1994 until 1996, he was an  advisor to the Prime Minister of Estonia.

Independence Day (Estonia)
Independence Day (Estonian: Eesti iseseisvuspäev),  formally the Anniversary of the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi aastapäev), is a national holiday in Estonia commemorating the Estonian Declaration of Independence which was published in the capital city Tallinn (Reval) on 24 February 1918, establishing the Republic of Estonia. Since then, it has been the National Day of Estonia.
Gildersleeve Prize
The Gildersleeve Prize is an annual award of $1,000 to the author of "the best article of the year" published in the American Journal of Philology. It is awarded by The Johns Hopkins University Press and is named after the classical scholar Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve who founded the journal. As of 2018, the prize was renamed the AJP Best Article Prize.

Basil L. Gildersleeve
Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve (October 23, 1831 – January 9, 1924) was an American classical scholar. An author of numerous works, and founding editor of the American Journal of Philology, he has been credited with contributions to the syntax of Greek and Latin, and the history of Greek literature.
Ernest Aldington Hunt
Ernest Aldington Hunt  was Archdeacon of Matabeleland from 1942 to 1954.

Hunt was educated at the University of Queensland and ordained in 1920. After a curacy in Numurkah, New South Wales he held incumbencies at Wunghnu and Milawa.  He also worked as a school master  in Brisbane, Geelong and Toowoomba. He was Vicar of Saint John the Baptist, Newington from 1934 to 1941; a chaplain to the Forces from 1935 to 1942; and of All Saints, Pocklington from 1941 until his appointment as archdeacon.

Toowoomba Anglican School
The Toowoomba Anglican School (formerly Toowoomba Anglican College and Preparatory School) is an independent Anglican co-educational primary and secondary day and boarding school located in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia. The school is a member of the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane and is affiliated with the Junior School Heads Association of Australia.
Johanna de Herboville
Jeanne d'Herboville, née de Beaudrengien, in Sweden known as Johanna de Herboville (flourit 1596), was a French Huguenot noblewoman and a Swedish courtier. She emigrated to Sweden with her husband, and served as the governess of the children of King Eric XIV of Sweden.

Erik XIV
Erik XIV or Eric XIV (13 December 1533 – 26 February 1577) became King of Sweden following the death of his father, Gustav I, on 29 September 1560. During a 1568 rebellion against him, Erik was incarcerated by his half-brother John III. He was formally deposed by the Riksdag on 26 January 1569. Erik was also ruler of Estonia, after it placed itself under Swedish protection in 1561.

While Erik has been regarded as intelligent and artistically skilled, as well as politically ambitious, early in his reign he showed signs of mental instability, a condition that eventually led to insanity. Some scholars claim that his illness began early during his reign, while others believe that it first manifested with the Sture murders.

Erik, having been imprisoned and deposed, was most likely murdered. An examination of his remains in 1958 confirmed that he probably died of arsenic poisoning.
Crown Colony of Sarawak
The Crown Colony of Sarawak was a British Crown colony on the island of Borneo, established in 1946, shortly after the dissolution of the British Military Administration. It was succeeded as the state of Sarawak through the formation of the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963.

Colombo Plan
The Colombo Plan is a regional intergovernmental organization that began operations on 1 July 1951. The organization was conceived at an international conference, The Commonwealth Conference on Foreign Affairs held in Colombo, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in January 1950, and was attended by the finance ministers of Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Ceylon, Pakistan and New Zealand, and the prime ministers of Ceylon and India. Membership has expanded significantly over the years to the current 28 governments.

The primary focus of its work is on the development of human resources in the south and southeast regions of Asia. Aid to education 1950 to 1983 came to $72 billion, of which $41 billion came from the United States. United States withdraws from the Colombo Plan in January 2026.
Costa Rica at the 2019 Pan American Games
Costa Rica competed in the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019.

On 11 July 2019, the Costa Rican Olympic Committee officially named a team of 85 athletes (44 women and 41 men) competing in 24 sports.

During the opening ceremony of the games, footballer Shirley Cruz carried the flag of the country as part of the parade of nations.

At this edition of the games, Costa Rica won five medals, the second best performance for the country at a single edition of the games (the best performance being the 11 medals won in 1987).

Olympic Committee of Costa Rica
The Olympic Committee of Costa Rica (Spanish: Comité Olímpico de Costa Rica, IOC code: CRC) is the National Olympic Committee representing Costa Rica.

Although Costa Rica first competed at the Olympics in 1936, the Olympic Committee was not founded until 1953. The Committee was formally recognized by the International Olympic Committee at a meeting held in Athens on 15 May 1954. The president of the Olympic Committee of Costa Rica is Alexánder Zamora, who succeeded Henry Núñez in 2021.
Diocese of Canterbury
The Diocese of Canterbury is a Church of England diocese covering eastern Kent which was founded by St Augustine of Canterbury in 597. The diocese is centred on Canterbury Cathedral and is the oldest see of the Church of England.

Sandwich, Kent
Sandwich is a town and civil parish in the Dover District of Kent, south-east England. It lies on the River Stour and has a population of 4,985. Sandwich was one of the Cinque Ports and still has many original medieval buildings, including several listed public houses and gates in the old town walls, churches, almshouses and the White Mill. While it was once a major port, Sandwich is now 2 miles (3 km) from the sea due to the disappearance of the Wantsum Channel. Its historic centre has been preserved. Sandwich Bay is home to nature reserves and two world-class golf courses, Royal St George's and Prince's. The town is also a home to many educational and cultural events. Sandwich also gave its name to the food by way of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, and the word sandwich is now found in several languages.
Joshua Heschel Zoref
Joshua Heschel Zoref (1633–1700) was a 17th-century ascetic, and an important figure in the Lithuanian Sabbatean movement.  During the messianic fervor of 1666, he claimed to experience visions similar to those of Ezekiel. He, like Judah Leib Prossnitz also, considered himself to be possessed of the role of Messiah ben Joseph, with Shabbatai Tzvi playing the role of Messiah ben David.

Shortly thereafter he began transcribing his visions into five books.  What has survived of these works show them to be entirely built upon the numerical speculations (gematriah) of Nathan Nata Spira.  Some parts of this work, named Sefer Ha-Zoref, came to Nathan ben Levi, while others came into the possession of the Baal Shem Tov, who evidently valued them highly while unaware of their origins.

Scholem (1974) contains a lengthier biography.

Ezekiel
Ezekiel, also spelled Ezechiel (/ɪˈziːkiəl/; Hebrew: יְחֶזְקֵאל, romanized: Yəḥezqēl [jə.ħɛzˈqeːl]; Koine Greek: Ἰεζεκιήλ, romanized: Iezekiḗl [i.ɛ.zɛ.kiˈel]), was an Israelite priest. The Book of Ezekiel, relating his visions and acts, is named after him.

The Abrahamic religions acknowledge Ezekiel as a prophet. According to the narrative, Ezekiel prophesied the destruction of Judah's capital city Jerusalem. In 587 BC, the Neo-Babylonian Empire conquered Jerusalem, destroyed Solomon's Temple, and sent the Judahite upper classes into the Babylonian captivity.

However, Ezekiel also prophesied the eventual restoration of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel. It is believed he died around 570 BC; Ezekiel's Tomb is a Jewish religious site in Mesopotamia. Three decades later, in 539 BC, the Persian empire conquered Babylon and the Edict of Cyrus repatriated the exiles.

The name "Ezekiel" means "God is strong" or "God strengthens" in Hebrew.
Pedro da Fonseca (cardinal)
For the portuguese philosopher of the same name, see Pedro da Fonseca (philosopher)

Pedro da Fonseca (14th century – 22 August 1422) was a Portuguese Cardinal who served as Bishop of Astorga,  1414–1418, and Bishop of Sigüenza, 1419–1422.

Pedro da Fonseca (philosopher)
Pedro da Fonseca SJ (Latin: Petrus Fonsecae; Proença-a-Nova, 1528 – Lisbon, 4 November 1599) was a Portuguese Jesuit philosopher and theologian. His work on logic and metaphysics made him known in his time as the Portuguese Aristotle; he projected the 'Cursus Conimbricensis' realized by Manuel de Góis and others.
William Crawford (Canadian politician)
William Crawford (August 28, 1847 – 1897) was a land surveyor, farmer and political figure in Manitoba. He represented High Bluff and Poplar Point from 1883 to 1886 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative.

He was born in South Leeds, Canada West, the son of John Crawford. Crawford came to Manitoba in 1871 as an assistant surveyor. In 1875, he became a Dominion Lands Surveyor. He was hired in 1877 by the federal government as a valuator of the Canadian Pacific Railway right-of-way. Crawford was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the Manitoba assembly in 1879 before being elected in 1883. He also served as Swamp Lands Commissioner for Manitoba.

He later farmed in the Dauphin area. Crawford established a sawmill in partnership with David Howard Harrison. He was a prominent member of the Masons. Crawford died in Dauphin.

Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba
The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba (PC; French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is currently the opposition party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, following a defeat in the 2023 provincial election.