hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flag of Pittsburgh
The flag of Pittsburgh is the official municipal flag of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is a vertical bicolor triband of black and gold with the municipal coat of arms in the center.

In 2004, the flag was ranked as the twenty-fourth best flag design out of 150 city flags by the North American Vexillological Association, and was the top-rated tricolor.

In tribute to the flag, all four professional athletic teams in Pittsburgh in the sports of baseball, football, hockey, and soccer have black and gold as their team colors. The arms are based on those of William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, namesake of the city.

North American Vexillological Association
The North American Vexillological Association (NAVA) is a membership organization devoted to vexillology, the study of flags. It was founded in 1967 by American vexillologist Whitney Smith, and others. Its membership of 1,100+ comprises flag scholars, enthusiasts, designers, collectors, conservators, educators, merchants, manufacturers, historians, and hobbyists from most states and provinces of the United States and Canada, and more than 30 other countries.

In the 21st century, many state and municipal bodies have re-evaluated and introduced measures to change their flags, often influenced and initiated by NAVA's surveys on flag design. Some of their design processes have followed a set of flag design principles compiled by Ted Kaye and published by NAVA.
Apellai
The Apellai (Ancient Greek: ἀπέλλαι), was an ancient annual family festival of the Northwest Greeks, at least at Delphi,  similar to the Ionian Apaturia. The festival was apparently spread by the Dorians as inferred by the use of the month name Apellaios in various Dorian localities. Sacrificial animals, called apellaia, seem to have been offered at the Apellai on the occasion of a youth becoming an adult. It is thought to have been a festival of Apollo.

Theodore Wade-Gery
Henry Theodore Wade-Gery, MC, FBA (2 April 1888 – 2 January 1972), known as Theodore Wade-Gery or H. T. Wade-Gery, was a classical scholar, historian and epigrapher. From 1939 to 1953, he was Wykeham Professor of Ancient History at the University of Oxford.
Apintie
Apintie is a Surinamese television station and radio station broadcasting company in Paramaribo.

Apintie was founded by Charles Vervuurt and his son Eddy Vervuurt in 1958. Apintie is a Surinamese word for talking drum. The radio station was known for its sports reporting by André Kamperveen. After the 1980 Surinamese coup d'état, Apintie became critical of the military regime. On 8 September 1982, Apintie was taken off the air, and on 8 December 1982, Kamperveen was executed as part of the December murders. Apintie returned to the airwaves in 1984, and started broadcasting television in 1997.

Paramaribo
Paramaribo is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 252,581 people as of 2025 estimate, almost half of Suriname's population. The historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002.
Bohr effect
The Bohr effect is a phenomenon first described in 1904 by the Danish physiologist Christian Bohr. Hemoglobin's oxygen binding affinity (see oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve) is inversely related both to acidity and to the concentration of carbon dioxide. That is, the Bohr effect refers to the shift in the oxygen dissociation curve caused by changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide or the pH of the environment. Since carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, an increase in CO2 results in a decrease in blood pH, resulting in hemoglobin proteins releasing their load of oxygen. Conversely, a decrease in carbon dioxide provokes an increase in pH, which results in hemoglobin picking up more oxygen.

Carbonic acid
Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2CO3. The molecule rapidly converts to water and carbon dioxide in the presence of water. In contrast to early-twentieth century textbooks, numerous studies conducted since ca. 1990 identified H2CO3 as a real molecule with a distinct Raman spectrum and with a first-order life-time of ca. 20 ms at 37 °C. Solid anhydrous carbonic acid has also been isolated.

The interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is related to the breathing process of all aerobic organisms and to the acidification of natural waters.
Steven Nadler
Steven Mitchell Nadler (born November 11, 1958) is an American academic and philosopher specializing in 17th-century philosophy. He is Vilas Research Professor and the William H. Hay II Professor of Philosophy, and was (from 2004–2009) Max and Frieda Weinstein-Bascom Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He is also director of their Institute for Research in the Humanities.

Nadler has written extensively on Spinoza, Descartes and Cartesianism, and Leibniz, and engaged with medieval and early modern Jewish philosophy.

Jewish studies
Jewish studies (Hebrew: מדעי היהדות, romanized: madʿê ha-yahadut, lit. 'sciences of Judaism'), or Judaic studies, is an academic discipline centered on the study of Jews and Judaism. Jewish studies is interdisciplinary and combines aspects of history (especially Jewish history), Middle Eastern studies, Asian studies, Oriental studies, religious studies, archeology, sociology, languages (Jewish languages), political science, area studies, women's studies, and ethnic studies. Jewish studies as a distinct field is mainly present at colleges and universities in North America.

Related fields include Holocaust research and Israel studies, and in Israel, Jewish thought. Bar-Ilan University has the world's largest school of Jewish studies, while Harvard University was the first American university, and perhaps the first in the world, to appoint a full-time scholar of Judaica to its faculty.
Thomas Power (Australian politician)
Thomas Herbert Power (29 July 1802 – 28 November 1873) was an auctioneer, pastoral agent and politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), a member of the Victorian Legislative Council.

Power was born in Carrick-on-Suir in County Tipperary, Ireland. His parents were David Power, a merchant, and Bridget, née Higgins. Power emigrated to the Port Phillip District in 1839 via Launceston, Tasmania. He was an auctioneer in Melbourne from 1839 to 1843 and again in 1846; he was also a squatter in Boroondara in the early 1840s.

Power was elected to the Southern Province of the new Legislative Council in November 1856, a seat he held until 1 September 1864.

Power was a director of the National Bank of Australasia in 1860–1866 and a commissioner of the Savings Bank of Victoria. He died in Hawthorn, Victoria on 28 November 1873. He was married to Mary Sophia Blurton, there was at least one child, a son Robert.

Hawthorn, Victoria
Hawthorn is an inner suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of Melbourne's central business district, located within the City of Boroondara local government area. Hawthorn recorded a population of 22,322 at the 2021 census.
Francisco Javier Rodríguez
Francisco Javier Rodríguez Pinedo (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾanˈsisko xaˈβjeɾ roˈðɾiɣes]; born 20 October 1981), commonly known by the nickname Maza is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

Primera División de México Apertura 2006
Primera División de México (Mexico First Division) Apertura 2006 was the 2006 edition of La Primera División del Futbol Méxicano, crowning Mexico's autumn football champion. The season ran from August 5 to December 10, 2006. Querétaro was promoted to the Primera División de México thus, Dorados was relegated to the Primera División A. Guadalajara won the championship for a record 11th time, qualifying for the CONCACAF Champions' Cup 2007.
WSEW
WSEW (88.7 FM; "Word 88.7") is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to serve Sanford, Maine, United States. The station transmits from near Rochester, New Hampshire. The station is owned by Word Radio Educational Foundation.

WSEW broadcasts a Christian radio format.

Rochester, New Hampshire
Rochester is a city in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 32,492 at the 2020 census, making it the 6th most populous city in New Hampshire. In addition to the downtown area, the city contains the villages of East Rochester, Gonic, and North Rochester. Rochester is home to Skyhaven Airport and part of Baxter Lake.

Rochester was one of New Hampshire's fastest growing cities between 2010 and 2020.
International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors
The International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN) is a biennial academic conference in the field of group III nitride research. The IWN and the International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) are held in alternating years and cover similar subject areas. IWN is pioneered by Isamu Akasaki (Nagoya University, Meijo University) and Hiroshi Amano (Nagoya University), who are Nobel laureates in physics (2014)

- IWN2018 was held 11–16 November 2018 in Kanazawa, Japan, and chaired by Hiroshi Fujioka (the University of Tokyo, Japan)

- IWN2016 was held 2–7 October 2016 in Orlando, United States, and jointly chaired by Alan Doolittle (Georgia Institute of Technology and Tomás Palacios (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)

- IWN2012 was held 14–19 October 2012 in Sapporo, Japan and chaired by Hiroshi Amano (Nagoya University, Japan).

Meijo University
Meijo University (名城大学, Meijō daigaku) is a private university in Japan.  Its main campus is in Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, and it has two other campuses in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture. It had two faculty members who were Nobel laureates as of 2021.
USS Vengeance (1779)
USS Vengeance (1779) was a former merchant ship that served under the command of John Paul Jones in the Revolutionary War. The French Royal Navy purchased her at Bordeaux in 1779 for Jones and sold her when she arrived at Dunkirk in January 1780 after the battle between Bonhomme Richard and the rest of Jones's squadron on the one side, and HMS Serapis and HM hired armed ship Countess of Scarborough on the other.

Hired armed vessels
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Royal Navy made use of a large number of hired armed vessels. These were generally smaller vessels, often cutters and luggers, that the Royal Navy used for duties ranging from carrying despatches and passengers to convoy escort, particularly in British coastal waters, and reconnaissance.
Tsoureki
Tsoureki (Greek: τσουρέκι) also known as bsatir, čʿorek, katʿnahuncʿ (Armenian: պսադիր, չորեկ, կաթնահունց), çyrek (Albanian), kozunak (Bulgarian: козунак), cozonac (Romanian), paskalya çöreği (Turkish), or šurēk (Hijazi Arabic: شُريك), is a sweet holiday bread made with flour, milk, butter, eggs, and sugar. It is commonly seasoned with lemon and orange zest, mastic resin, or mahleb.

Lampropsomo, a variation of tsoureki commonly called "Greek Easter bread", is made by Greek communities during Easter, not only in Greece, but also in other countries with Greek communities. It is also called Armenian Easter bread and is eaten during Easter in Armenia and the Armenian diaspora.

Cardamom
Cardamom (/ˈkɑːrdəməm/), sometimes cardamon or cardamum, is a spice made from the seeds of several plants in the genera Elettaria and Amomum in the family Zingiberaceae. Both genera are native to the Indian subcontinent and Indonesia. They are recognized by their small seed pods: triangular in cross-section and spindle-shaped, with a thin, papery outer shell and small, black seeds; Elettaria pods are light green and smaller, while Amomum pods are dark brown and larger.

Species used for cardamom are native throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. The first references to cardamom are found in Sumer, and in Ayurveda. In the 21st century, it is cultivated mainly in India, Indonesia, and Guatemala.
Suzanne Beauchamp-Niquet
Suzanne Beauchamp-Niquet (French pronunciation: [syzan boʃɑ̃ nikɛ]; 11 August 1932 – 22 February 2011) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. She was an administrator by career.

Born in Russell, Ontario, she attended schools in Vanier, Val d'Or and Abitibi-Jonquière. She also attended the Collège des Soeurs Grises de la Croix.

She was elected at the Roberval electoral district in the 1980 federal election and served in the 32nd Canadian Parliament. Following defeat in the 1984 federal election to Benoît Bouchard of the Progressive Conservative party, she left federal politics.

Beauchamp-Niquet also served as mayor of Dolbeau, Quebec from 1977 to 1981.

1980 Canadian federal election
The 1980 Canadian federal election was held on February 18, 1980, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 32nd Parliament of Canada. It was called when the budget of the minority Progressive Conservative government led by Prime Minister Joe Clark was defeated in the Commons. As of 2025, it remains the most recent election triggered by the defeat of a government budget in the Commons. The Liberal Party under former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau won a narrow majority, returning Trudeau to the Premiership for a fourth and ultimately final term. This is the most recent election – and the first since 1935 – in which a sitting government was defeated at the polls after only one elected term. This is also the most recent election in which the Liberals  won more seats in Quebec than in the rest of Canada – since this election, no party has ever bested the Liberals' 74-seat showing in Quebec.
Star One C1
Star One C1 is a Brazilian communications satellite. It was launched on 14 November 2007 by an Ariane 5ECA carrier rocket, as part of a dual-payload launch with Skynet 5B. It was built by Thales Alenia Space, based on the Spacebus-3000B3 satellite bus. It is operated by Star One, a subsidiary of Embratel.

Satellite bus
A satellite bus (or spacecraft bus) is the main body and structural component of a satellite or spacecraft, in which the payload and all scientific instruments are held.

Bus-derived satellites are less customized than specially-produced satellites, but have specific equipment added to meet customer requirements, for example with specialized sensors or transponders, in order to achieve a specific mission.

They are commonly used for geosynchronous satellites, particularly communications satellites, but are most commonly used in spacecraft which occupy low Earth orbit missions.
2014 Tour of Turkey
The 2014 Tour of Turkey was the 50th edition of the Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey cycling stage race. It was held from 27 April to 4 May 2014, and was won by Adam Yates. British cyclist Mark Cavendish won four stages and the points classification.

Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey
The Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey (Turkish: Cumhurbaşkanlığı Bisiklet Turu) is a professional road bicycle racing stage race held annually in Turkey since 1963.

In 2005 the race became part of the UCI Europe Tour, rated as a 2.2 event, before being upgraded to 2.1 in 2008, and then to 2.HC for the 2010 edition. The race became part of the UCI World Tour in 2017, and was relegated to the newly formed UCI ProSeries in 2020. In 2023, it was again relegated to a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour.
A Race for Life
A Race for Life is a 1928 American synchronized sound drama film directed by D. Ross Lederman. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects using the sound-on-disc Vitaphone process. Originally, the film was presumed to be lost. However, according to the Library of Congress Database, a print was found in the archives of a film museum in the Netherlands. The film was released with a Vitaphone soundtrack with a synchronised musical score and sound effects.

Sound-on-disc
Sound-on-disc is a class of sound film processes using a phonograph or other disc to record or play back sound in sync with a motion picture. Early sound-on-disc systems used a mechanical interlock with the movie projector, while more recent systems use timecodes.
3x3 basketball at the 2023 East Asian Youth Games
3x3 Basketball was held at the 2023 East Asian Youth Games during August 17 to 18, 2023, at the Sukhbaatar Square in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Only athletes born on 2005.01.01 – 2009.12.31 were allowed to participate.

3x3 basketball
3x3 basketball (stylized as ƐX3, pronounced three-ex-three) is a variation of basketball played three-a-side, with one backboard and in a half-court setup. This basketball game format is currently being promoted and structured by FIBA, the sport's governing body. Its primary competition is an annual FIBA 3X3 World Tour, comprising a series of Masters and one Final tournament, and awarding six-figure prize money in US dollars. The FIBA 3x3 World Cups for men and women are the highest tournaments for national 3x3 teams. The 3x3 format has been adopted for both the Olympics and the Commonwealth Games.
52nd Air Defense Artillery Brigade
The 52nd Air Defense Artillery Brigade is a unit of the US Army in Sembach, Germany that was activated in October 2022.  The Brigade's mission is to support the European Command with short and long range air defense systems.

Sembach
Sembach is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It forms part of the Verbandsgemeinde of Enkenbach-Alsenborn. The town is nestled in the Palatinate Forest Nature Park between Kaiserslautern and Donnersbergkreis. Sembach was first mentioned in the 13th century, in a document about a donation to the monastery of Enkenbach.
Takako Shigematsu
Takako Shigematsu (しげまつ 貴子, Shigematsu Takako, born 23 August) is a Japanese manga artist best known for her manga series Tenshi Ja Nai!! Her first manga, published in 1995, told the tale of an all-boys dorm. However, it wasn't until her 2002 release of Taiyō Made 3m ("3 Meters from the Sun") that she truly stepped into the spotlight as a professional manga artist. Since then, she has worked on several series, including Tenshi Ja Nai!! ("I'm No Angel!"), King of the Lamp, and Ultimate Venus, all three of which were published in North America by Go! Comi before the imprint shut down in 2010. Takako is also known for her pet pug, Molly, who is mentioned in most of her manga.

Go! Comi
Go! Comi was the publishing imprint of the American multimedia company, Go! Media Entertainment, LLC, established to "specializ(e) in publishing Japanese comics for the American market, and in creating new manga and manga-oriented properties for both the Japanese and American markets".
Lagoon 470
The Lagoon 470 is a French catamaran sailboat that was designed by Van Peteghem/Lauriot-Prevost as a cruiser and yacht charter boat and first built in 1998.

The boat replaced the Lagoon 47 in the company product line.

Yacht charter
Yacht chartering is the practice of renting, or chartering, a sailboat or motor yacht and traveling to various coastal or island destinations.

There are three main kinds of charter: bareboat, skippered and crewed. Bareboat charters require the client to skipper the boat themselves, while skippered charters include both boat and a professional skipper. Crewed charters are staffed by a captain and professional crew that can include chefs, engineers, deckhands, and stewards. Most bareboat charter companies offer basic seamanship courses to prepare clients for handling a boat. These companies may also provide skippered charters, which include a skipper, but no additional crew.
Wendy Jeal
Wendy Jeal (née McDonnell, born 21 November 1960) is a female English former track and field athlete who competed in the 100 metres hurdles. She represented Great Britain at the 1988 Olympic Games. In 1986, representing England, she won a Commonwealth Games silver medal.

1986 Commonwealth Games
The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. This was the second Commonwealth Games to be held in Edinburgh. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa.

The Games were commemorated on the UK's first-ever £2 circulating coin, which showed a Scottish thistle upon the St. Andrew's saltire design on the reverse side of the coin.
Eclectochromis ornatus
Eclectochromis ornatus is a species of haplochromine cichlid which is endemic to Malawi. where it occurs in Lake Malawi and Lake Malombe. It is a predator of invertebrates and of smaller fishes which lives in shallow areas of the lake which have a soft or mixed substrate.

Lake Malombe
Lake Malombe is a lake in southern part of Malawi. It is located on the Shire River, in the Southern Region around 14°40′0″S 35°15′0″E﻿ / ﻿14.66667°S 35.25000°E﻿ / -14.66667; 35.25000, about 20 km (12 mi) south of much larger Lake Malawi. It has an area of about 450 km2 (170 mi2). In recent years the number of fishermen on the lake has risen substantially, and this has led to local decline in some fish species, especially the chambo cichlids which is an important source of food throughout Malawi.  The lake is extremely shallow with an average depth of approximately eight feet, and during periods of dry weather the water level recedes and can even disappear.

The lake-bed was dry for several hundred years until it refilled in the middle of the 19th century.
Matty Hong
Matthew Jacob Hong (born September 4, 1991) is an American rock climber, filmmaker and photographer. In 2018, he became the fourth American to climb a route graded at 5.15b (9b). As a filmmaker, he directed the 2017 film Break on Through, which documented Margo Hayes completing the first-ever female ascent of a 9a+ (5.15a) graded sport climbing route, and is featured on the Reel Rock Film Tour.

Oliana
Oliana (Catalan pronunciation: [oliˈanɛ]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Alt Urgell in 
Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the Segre valley immediately below the Oliana reservoir.
There is a factory of domestic electrical appliances in the town, and the presence of non-farming employment has meant that 
Oliana has escaped the depopulation experienced by most municipalities in north-west Catalonia. It is 
currently the second-largest town (by population) in the Alt Urgell, behind the comarcal capital La Seu d'Urgell. The 
town is served by the C-14 road between Ponts and La Seu d'Urgell. It has a population of 1,839 (register office, 2024) .
2025 European Race Walking Team Championships
The 2025 European Race Walking Team Championships took place on 18 May 2025. The races were held on a 1 km lap around the city park of Poděbrady, Czech Republic. It was the third edition to be held under the new name of European Race Walking Team Championships (from 2021 on).

Poděbrady
Poděbrady (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpoɟɛbradɪ]; German: Podiebrad) is a spa town in Nymburk District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 15,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Elbe River. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Shades Mountain
Shades Mountain is a cuesta in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. The mountain is bordered by Shades Crest Road to the west, Highway 150 to the south, Highway 280 to the east and Shades Creek to the north. It includes all of the neighborhood of Bluff Park in Hoover, where it summits, as well as portions of the cities of Homewood, Vestavia Hills and Mountain Brook.

Vestavia Hills, Alabama
Vestavia Hills, colloquially known simply as Vestavia, is a city in Jefferson and Shelby counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is a suburb of Birmingham and it is made up of Vestavia, Liberty Park, and Cahaba Heights. The population was 39,102 at the 2020 census. Vestavia Hills is the third largest city in Jefferson County in 2020, after Birmingham and Hoover. Vestavia Hills is the thirteenth largest city in Alabama.