hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HM Prison Send
HM Prison Send is a closed category women's prison in the extreme south of Ripley civil parish in Surrey, England. The nearest settlements are Send and West Clandon.  The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service.

West Clandon
West Clandon is a village in Surrey, England, within 1 mile (1.6 km) of the A3. It is situated 1 mile (1.6 km) north west of the much smaller separate village of East Clandon.

West Clandon is served by Clandon railway station which runs stopping services via Cobham and Stoke d'Abernon as well as via Epsom to London Waterloo in one direction, and to Guildford in the other. Woking railway station is about 5 miles (8.0 km) away (although there is no direct rail link) and offers more destinations and a fast service to London.
Cerastium aleuticum
Cerastium aleuticum, common name Aleutian mouse-ear chickweed, is a plant species endemic to the US State of Alaska. It is found only on islands, not on the Alaskan mainland: Aleutian, St. Lawrence, St. Paul, Popof, and Kodiak Islands. It is found on rocky slopes and mountainsides up to an elevation of 700 m (2,300 ft).

Cerastium aleuticum is a perennial herb spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Stems are branched, up to 7 cm (2.8 in) long, covered with soft hairs. Flowers are single or in groups of 2 or 3, white. Capsules are cylindrical, up to 11 mm long.

Kodiak Archipelago
The Kodiak Archipelago (Russian: Кадьякский архипелаг, romanized: Kad'yakskiy arkhipelag) is an archipelago (group of islands) south of the main land-mass of the state of Alaska (United States), about 405 km (252 mi) by air south-west of Anchorage in the Gulf of Alaska.  The largest island in the archipelago is Kodiak Island, the second-largest island in the United States.  The archipelago has a length of about 285 km (177 mi) and a width of about 108 km (67 mi), from the Barren Islands on the north to Chirikof Island and the Semidi Islands group on the south. The archipelago contains 13,890 km2 (5,360 sq mi) of land. The Kodiak Archipelago contains about 40 small glaciers, numerous streams and many species of land and marine animals. Much of its land is forested.

The Kodiak Island Borough includes all of the Kodiak Archipelago and some lands on the mainland.  The Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge encompasses a large percentage of the land in the archipelago.
English Journal
English Journal (previously The English Journal) is the official publication of the Secondary Education section of the American National Council of Teachers of English. The peer-reviewed journal has been published since 1912 and features columns and articles on all aspects of the teaching of English language arts at middle schools and junior and senior high schools.

In 1939, the journal College English was spun off from The English Journal to address the needs of teaching English language arts at the college level.

As of 2018, the journal's editors are Toby Emert, Ph.D., of Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia, and R. Joseph Rodríguez, Ph.D., of California State University, Fresno. Its content is accessible electronically via ERIC, ProQuest, and JSTOR, and is indexed by the MLA.

Regular features include articles on pedagogy, literature, ELL issues, and educational technology.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
The Nutcracker and the Mouse King
"The Nutcracker and the Mouse King" (German: Nussknacker und Mausekönig) is a literary fairy tale from 1816 by the German author E. T. A. Hoffmann, in which a young girl's favorite Christmas toy, the Nutcracker, comes alive and, after defeating the evil Mouse King in battle, whisks her away to a magical kingdom populated by dolls. The story was originally published in Berlin in German as part of the collection Kinder-Mährchen ("children's stories").

In 1892, the Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and choreographers Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov turned Alexandre Dumas's adaptation of the story into the ballet The Nutcracker.

Bertall
Charles Albert d'Arnoux (Charles Constant Albert Nicolas, Vicomte d'Arnoux, Count of Limoges-Saint-Saëns), known as Bertall (or Bertal, an anagram of Albert) or Tortu-Goth (December 18, 1820, in Paris – March 24, 1882, in Soyons) was a French illustrator, engraver, caricaturist, and early photographer.
Timebomb (Chumbawamba song)
"Timebomb" is a single from Chumbawamba's album Anarchy. It reached #59 on UK Charts in 1993. The album version of "Timebomb" combined elements of both the main single version and the "Techno Timebomb" remix, which was included as a B-side on this single.

The chorus of the song is derived from Stephen Stills' Buffalo Springfield song "For What It's Worth" .

The single also includes a cover of Leon Rosselson's 1975 song "The World Turned Upside Down", which was originally made popular by fellow English singer/songwriter Billy Bragg. The song is about the 17th-century Digger movement's struggles against their landowners, and shares a lot of lyrical themes with the 1649 Gerrard Winstanley composition "Diggers' Song", which was also recorded by Chumbawamba on their English Rebel Songs 1381-1914 album, which also features another song called "The World Turned Upside Down".

Anarchy (Chumbawamba album)
Anarchy is the sixth studio album by British anarcho-punk band Chumbawamba. Many of the tracks address specific social issues, such as homophobia, strikes or fascism.

Its graphic cover, depicting a baby's head emerging from a vagina, prompted the record to be banned from some shops and stocked in plain sleeves in others. The Spotify and iTunes version, as well as the Japanese physical edition of the album replaces the baby picture with a painting of red roses.
Sphaeroceridae
Sphaeroceridae are a family of true flies in the order Diptera, often called small dung flies, lesser dung flies or lesser corpse flies due to their saprophagous habits. They belong to the typical fly suborder Brachycera as can be seen by their short antennae, and more precisely they are members of the section Schizophora. There are over 1,300 species and about 125 genera accepted as valid today, but new taxa are still being described.

Unlike the large "corpse flies" or blow-flies of the family Calliphoridae and the large dung flies of the family Scathophagidae, the small dung flies are members of the schizophoran subsection Acalyptratae. Among their superfamily Sphaeroceroidea, they seem to be particularly close relatives of the family Heleomyzidae.

Royal Entomological Society Handbooks
Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects is a series of books produced by the Royal Entomological Society (RES). The aim of the Handbooks is to provide illustrated identification keys to the insects of Britain, together with concise morphological, biological and distributional information. The series also includes several Check Lists of British Insects. All books contain line drawings, with the most recent volumes including colour photographs. In recent years, new volumes in the series have been published by Field Studies Council, and benefit from association with the AIDGAP identification guides and Synopses of the British Fauna.
HKS (company)
HKS Co., Ltd. (株式会社エッチ・ケー・エス, Kabushiki-gaisha Ecchi Kē Esu) is a publicly traded company headquartered in Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The company specializes in the engineering, manufacturing, and sales of high performance aftermarket and accessory automotive parts and components. With 50 years in business, including global efforts in aftermarket parts and motorsport, the company claims, "HKS is perhaps the most known aftermarket brand in the world."

Automotive aftermarket
The automotive aftermarket is the secondary parts market of the automotive industry, concerned with the manufacturing, remanufacturing, distribution, retailing, and installation of all vehicle parts, chemicals, equipment, and accessories, after the sale of the automobile by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to the consumer. The parts, accessories, etc. for sale may or may not be manufactured by the OEM.

The aftermarket encompasses parts for replacement, collision, appearance, and performance. The aftermarket provides a wide variety of parts of varying qualities and prices for nearly all vehicle makes and models.

Consumers have the option of repairing their vehicles themselves (the "do-it-yourself" or "DIY" segment) or can take the vehicle to a professional repair facility (the "do-it-for me" or "DIFM" segment).
The aftermarket helps keep vehicles on the road by providing consumers the choice of where they want their vehicles serviced, maintained, or customized.
Sigurd Kloumann
Sigurd Kloumann (1 July 1879 – 18 January 1953) was a Norwegian engineer, hydropower developer and industrial leader.

Kloumann was born in Vadsø to Fredrik Julius Kloumann and Karen Johanne Anker Løwold. He was manager of Notodden salpeterfabrikk from 1904 to 1912, for Saudefaldene from 1913, and for Norsk Aluminium Company (NACO) from 1916 to 1945. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1911, and was a Commander of the Swedish Order of Vasa.

In 1940 NACO was the largest producer of aluminium in Norway.: 17  During the German occupation of Norway, NACO collaborated with the occupants, and the company and its leaders were subject to investigation in the subsequent legal purge.: 359–378

Kloumann was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1925 as well as a fellow of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Saudefaldene
Saudefaldene is a hydroelectric power company in Sauda Municipality, Norway.

It was founded in 1913 to harness hydropower in the Sauda Watershed. Building of power plants started in 1914, and power was delivered starting in 1919 (1919). It was bought by Union Carbide in 1925. After the national escheat came into effect in 1979 both Saudefaldene and the production company Sauda Smelteverk were bought by Norwegian company Elkem.
Tana bojeriana
Tana bojeriana is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, endemic to Madagascar. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Tana. The genus was first described in 1999, and the species was first described by John Gilbert Baker in 1890 as Peucedanum bojerianum.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Mannes
Mannes is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Aaron Mannes (born 1970), American writer

Astrid Mannes (born 1967), German politician

Charlie Mannes (1863–1937), Scottish cricketer

Clara Mannes (1869–1948), Polish-American musician and music educator

David Mannes (1866–1959), American violinist, conductor, and educator

Gerd Mannes (born 1969), German politician

Leopold Mannes (1899–1964), American musician

Marya Mannes (1904–1990), American writer and critic

Totte Mannes (born 1933), Finnish artist

Given name:

Mannes Francken (1888–1948), Dutch footballer

Astrid Mannes
Astrid Mannes (born 2 January 1967) is a German author and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has served as a member of the national parliament ("Bundestag") from 2017 to 2021 and again since 2024.

For her first term, Mannes was directly elected as a member for constituency of Darmstadt.
The Adult College, Lancaster
The Adult College was an adult education college located in the centre of Lancaster in Lancashire, England.

The college was established in 1975, and moved to a site on Quarry Road overlooking the Lancaster Canal in 1990. The Adult College was not an independent body, rather it was wholly owned and operated by Lancashire County Council as part of Lancashire Adult Learning.

Courses offered by the college were aimed primarily at adult learners who were returning to education, rather than recent school leavers. Levels of study ranged from basic literacy and numeracy courses to GCSEs and Access courses.

The Adult College site on Quarry Road closed in October 2016. Courses are now offered via Lancashire Adult Learning, and are held in various Lancashire County Council owned buildings.

Lancaster Canal
The Lancaster Canal is a canal in North West England, originally planned to run from Westhoughton in Lancashire to Kendal in south Cumbria (historically in Westmorland). The section around the crossing of the River Ribble was never completed, and much of the southern end leased to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, of which it is now generally considered part.

Of the canal north of Preston, only the section from Preston to Tewitfield near Carnforth in Lancashire is currently open to navigation for 42 miles (67.6 km), with the canal north of Tewitfield having been severed in three places by the construction of the M6 motorway, and by the A590 road near Kendal. The southern part, from Johnson's Hillock to Aspull, remains navigable as part of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The planned continuation to Westhoughton was never built.
Chaush
The Chaush or Chaus are a community of Hadhrami Arab descent found in the Deccan region of India.

The Chaush or Chaus were brought from Yemen to work in the former Hyderabad State as military men for the Nizams. It is said that especially when it came to safe guarding his family, the 7th Nizam had absolute trust on these Arab Soldiers. They are most concentrated in Marathwada, Telangana and Hyderabad-Karnataka regions, and most of their population is concentrated in the neighbourhoods of Barkas in Hyderabad, Shasha Mahallah in Karimnagar, Al-Tamash in Aurangabad. They also live in Adilabad, Asifabad, Kagaznagar, Nizamabad, Mahabubnagar and Warangal.

Asifabad, Telangana
Asifabad, formerly known as Jangam or Jungum, is a city and the district headquarters of Kumuram Bheem district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is located in Asifabad mandal of Asifabad revenue division. It is situated on the banks of Peddavagu river.
Kentucky Route 501
Kentucky Route 501 (KY 501) is a 23.067-mile-long (37.123 km) state highway in Kentucky. KY 501's southern terminus is at KY 910 in Phil, and the northern terminus is at U.S. Route 27 (US 27) north-northeast of Waynesburg.

Waynesburg, Kentucky
Waynesburg is an unincorporated community in southern Kentucky. Waynesburg is located Lincoln County, Kentucky along U.S. Route 27, Kentucky Route 328 and the Norfolk Southern Railway 18 miles (29 km) north of downtown Somerset. Waynesburg has a post office with ZIP code 40489.
People v. Drew
People v. Drew, 22 Cal. 3d 333 (1978), was a case decided by the California Supreme Court that abandoned the M'Naghten Rules of the criminal insanity defense in favor of the formulation in the Model Penal Code.  The decision was later abrogated by Proposition 8 in 1982, which restored the M'Naghten rules.

Supreme Court of California
The Supreme Court of California is the highest and final court of appeals in the courts of the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in San Francisco at the Earl Warren Building, but it regularly holds sessions in Los Angeles and Sacramento. Its decisions are binding on all other California state courts.  Since 1850, the court has issued many influential decisions in a variety of areas including torts, property, civil and constitutional rights, and criminal law.
Froumine House
Froumine House (or Frumin House) (Hebrew: בית פרומין; Beit Frumin; also known as the Old Knesset) was the temporary abode of the Israeli parliament, the Knesset, from 1950 to 1966. The building is at 24 King George Street in downtown Jerusalem. The first to the fifth Knesset sessions were conducted there.

Independence Hall (Israel)
Independence Hall, originally the Dizengoff House (Hebrew: בית דיזנגוף), is a history museum and the site of the signing of Israel's Declaration of Independence. It is located on the historic Rothschild Boulevard in Tel Aviv, Israel.

It was originally built as the home of Meir Dizengoff and his wife Zina. Dizengoff later entrusted architect Carl Rubin to redesign the building in the International Style. Dizengoff gifted the building to the Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, and it housed the Tel Aviv Museum of Art from 1932 to 1971. It is currently a museum dedicated to the signing of the Israeli Declaration of Independence and the history of Tel Aviv; as of 2024 it is closed to the public for renovations.
Msinga Local Municipality
Msinga Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wase Msinga) is a local municipality within the Umzinyathi District Municipality, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Msinga is an isiZulu word meaning "a current in the sea where air movement causes ripples on top of the water surface and ends up influencing the nearby climatic conditions through its breeze". The municipality is largely located in deep gorges of the Tugela and Buffalo rivers, isolated from the immediate surrounding municipal areas. The population dynamics result in a growing rural area and a declining urban area in the municipality, contrary to most other areas in the country. This can be attributed to the fact that the urban areas of municipality are very small and are unable to provide the normal range of goods and services provided in urban areas.

It is a poverty stricken area with few economic resources and little economic activity. Social services and private households generate 29% of the income for the area.

Tugela River
The Tugela River (Zulu: Thukela; Afrikaans: Tugelarivier) is the largest river in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. With a total length of 560 km (350 mi), and a drop of 1 370 metres in the lower 480 km, it is one of the most important rivers of the country.

The river originates in Mont-aux-Sources of the Drakensberg Mountains at an elevation of 3 282 metres and plunges in five distinct free-leaping falls 947 metres down the Tugela Falls. The Mont-aux-Sources is also the origin of tributaries of two other major South African rivers, the Orange and the Caledon River. From the Drakensberg range, the Tugela follows a 560 km (350 mi) route through the KwaZulu-Natal midlands before flowing into the Indian Ocean. The total catchment area is approximately 29,100 km2 (11,200 sq mi). Land uses in the catchment are mainly rural subsistence farming and commercial forestry.
Dawar Khan
Dawar Khan Daud (16 February 1940 – 3 June 2018) was an English professor, Pashtu folklorist, writer, poet, researcher, lecturer, member of Pashto Adabi Board (PAB) and president of Rahman Baba Adabi Jirga (RAJ), a literary organisation of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In 2004, the president of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf awarded him Pride of Performance award in the field of art and literature.

He was born in Landi Arbab village of Peshawar. He graduated from Govt college peshawar and later did master's degree in Pashto, Urdu and English literature from the University of Peshawar.

University of Peshawar
The University of Peshawar (Pashto: د پېښور پوهنتون; Hindko: پشور یونیورسٹی; Urdu: جامعۂ پشاور; abbreviated UoP; known more popularly as Peshawar University) is a public research university located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

The university is one of the oldest universities in the province, and is ranked as one of the highest rated universities in the country.
Abdul Fattah Mahmood
Abdul Fattah bin Mahmood is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Panau since March 2004. He is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition.

Kelantan State Legislative Assembly
The Kelantan State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Kelantan) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Kelantan. It consists of 45 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart.

The State Legislative Assembly convenes at the Kota Darul Naim in the state capital, Kota Bharu.

Out of the 45 seats, 42 are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition after the 2023 state election. Within the coalition, the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) holds 37 seats while the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) holds 5 seats. The PN coalition  commands a two-thirds supermajority in the assembly.

Meanwhile, Barisan Nasional (BN) - United Malays National Organization (UMNO) holds 2 seats and
Pakatan Harapan (PH) - National Trust Party (AMANAH) holds 1 seat.
Order of the Liberator General San Martín
The Order of the Liberator General San Martín (Spanish: Orden del Libertador General San Martín) is the highest decoration in Argentina. It is awarded to foreign politicians or military, deemed worthy of the highest recognition from Argentina. It is granted by the sitting President of Argentina.

President of Argentina
The president of Argentina, officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation, is both head of state and head of government of Argentina. Under the national constitution, the president is also the chief executive of the federal government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

Throughout Argentine history, the office of head of state has undergone many changes, both in its title as in its features and powers. The current president Javier Milei was sworn into office on 10 December 2023. He succeeded Alberto Fernández.

The constitution of Argentina, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, the term of office and the method of election.
Aizu-Kosugawa Station
Aizu-Kosugawa Station (会津越川駅, Aizu-Kosugawa-eki) is a railway station on the Tadami Line in the town of Kaneyama, Ōnuma District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

Ōnuma District
Ōnuma (大沼郡, Ōnuma-gun) is a district of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2008, the district has an estimated population of 29,787 and a density of 34.2 persons per km2. Its total area is 870.51 square kilometres (336.11 sq mi).

It contains one village (Shōwa) and three towns: Aizumisato, Kaneyama, and Mishima.