hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Malayo-Sumbawan languages
The Malayo-Sumbawan languages are a proposed subgroup of the Austronesian languages that unites the Malayic and Chamic languages with the languages of Java and the western Lesser Sunda Islands (western Indonesia), except for Javanese (Adelaar 2005). If valid, it would be the largest demonstrated family of Malayo-Polynesian outside Oceanic. The Malayo-Sumbawan subgroup is however not universally accepted, and is rejected e.g. by Blust (2010) and Smith (2017), who supported the Greater North Borneo and Western Indonesian hypotheses. In a 2019 paper published in Oceanic Linguistics, Adelaar accepted both of these groupings, in addition to Smith's (2018) redefinition of Barito languages as forming a linkage.

Oceanic languages
The Oceanic languages are a branch of the Austronesian languages comprising some 450 languages spoken in Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia. Though covering a vast area, Oceanic languages are estimated to have only two million native speakers. The largest individual Oceanic languages are Eastern Fijian with over 600,000 speakers, and Samoan with an estimated 400,000 speakers. The Gilbertese (Kiribati), Tongan, Tahitian, Māori and Tolai (Gazelle Peninsula) languages each have over 100,000 speakers. The common ancestor which is reconstructed for this group of languages is called Proto-Oceanic (abbr. "POc").
Renal protein reabsorption
Renal protein reabsorption is the part of renal physiology that deals with the retrieval of filtered proteins, preventing them from disappearing from the body through the urine.

Almost all reabsorption takes place in the proximal tubule. Only ~1% is left in the final urine.

The proteins cross the apical membrane by endocytosis. They are subsequently degraded in lysosomes. The remaining free amino acids are transported across the basolateral membrane by amino acid transporters.

Proximal tubule
The proximal tubule is the segment of the nephron in kidneys which begins from the renal (tubular) pole of the Bowman's capsule to the beginning of loop of Henle. At this location, the glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs) lining bowman's capsule abruptly transition to proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). The proximal tubule can be further classified into the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the proximal straight tubule (PST).
Everything but the Brain
Everything but the Brain is a tragicomedy by Singaporean local writer Jean Tay. The work revolves around two main characters: Elaine Lim, a Science physics teacher, and her father Lim Chong Boon, a stroke-afflicted former professor. Originally developed at the Playwrights' Cove at The Necessary Stage in 2001, Everything but the Brain was first performed in 2005. The play won Best Original Script (for Tay) and Best Actor (for Gerald Chew as the father) at The Straits Times Life! Theatre Awards 2006 and was published by Epigram Books in 2010. In 2014, the play was selected by the Ministry of Education (Singapore) as a recommended 'O' and 'N' level literature text.

Ministry of Education (Singapore)
The Ministry of Education (MOE; Malay: Kementerian Pendidikan; Chinese: 教育部; Tamil: கல்வி அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the education in Singapore.
Jim Butler (American football)
James "Cannonball" Butler (May 4, 1943 – February 10, 2014) was an American professional football player who was a running back for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL), with the Pittsburgh Steelers, the Atlanta Falcons and the St. Louis Cardinals.  Butler grew up in Delray Beach, Florida and played college football at Edward Waters College in Jacksonville, Florida. To this day, he is the only alumnus from the school to ever play in the NFL.

In the NFL, Butler was the leading rusher for the Atlanta Falcons in each of his four seasons with the team (1968–1971), and was selected to the Pro Bowl in 1969.

Delray Beach, Florida
Delray Beach is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States, and is a principal city in the Miami metropolitan area located 52 miles (83 km) north of Miami. The population of the city was 66,846 in 2020.
Ushitsa uezd
The Ushitsa uezd was a county (uezd) of the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered Letichev uezd to the north, the Mogilev uezd to the east, the Khotin uezd of the Bessarabia Governorate to the south, and the Kamenets-Podolsky uezd to the west. It included most of Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion of Ukraine. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Novaya Ushitsa (modern-day Nova Ushytsia).

Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion
Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion (Ukrainian: Кам'янець-Подільський район, romanized: Kamjanec'-Podil's'kyj rajon) is one of the three administrative raions (district) of Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Kamianets-Podilskyi. Population: 279,789 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast was reduced to three, and the area of Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions, Chemerivtsi, Dunaivtsi, and Nova Ushytsia Raions, as well as the city of Kamianets-Podilskyi, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 63,302 (2020 est.). Its population was 75,506 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census.
Lomatium suksdorfii
Lomatium suksdorfii (Suksdorf's desertparsley) is a perennial herb of the family Apiaceae that grows in Washington and Oregon, United States.

It is 50–200 cm tall, glabrous, caulescent, and has a taproot. It flowers from late March to May, with compound umbels of yellow flowers, each umbellule enclosed by thin bracts. The leaves have long petioles and are dissected into long, thin blades.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Letshego
Letshego Holdings Limited is a microfinance holding company with its headquarters in Gaborone, Botswana and is listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE). Letshego is a Setswana word meaning “Support”.

Bank holding company
A bank holding company is a company that controls one or more banks, but does not necessarily engage in banking itself. The compound bancorp (banc/bank + corp[oration]) or bancorporation is often used to refer to such companies as well, particularly in the United States.
Pierce-Arrow Model R
The Pierce-Arrow Model R is a truck model manufactured by the American firm Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company from 1911 to 1922. Unusually for the period in America, it featured a worm final drive axle.

The Pierce-Arrow Model R was used in very large numbers by the militaries of the British Empire, France and Imperial Russia during the First World War, 11,350 being delivered to the three powers during the war.

Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company
The Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company was an American motor vehicle manufacturer based in Buffalo, New York, active from 1901 to 1938. Although best known for its expensive luxury cars, Pierce-Arrow also manufactured commercial trucks, fire trucks, boats, camp trailers, motorcycles, and bicycles.
Pleszew railway station
Pleszew railway station is a railway station in Kowalew, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, 4 km West of Centre of Pleszew. The station is located on the  Kluczbork–Poznań railway. The train services are operated by PKP Intercity, Koleje Wielkopolskie and Polregio .

Polregio
Polregio (formerly Przewozy Regionalne) is a train operator in Poland, responsible for local and interregional passenger transportation. Each day it runs approximately 3,000 regional trains. In 2002 it carried 215 million passengers.

The company was founded in 2001 from the splitup of the PKP Passenger Transport Sector of the once-unitary Polskie Koleje Państwowe national rail operator into several companies to meet European Union requirements.
Kabrai
Kabrai is a city, a nagar Panchayat, and a combination of 5 villages in Mahoba district, Bundelkhand region, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Kabrai is a City where stone mining is leading business. There are around 350 stone crushers in and around the town. Most of city's revenue comes from mining. Kabrai is situated between Banda and Mahoba and well connected by NH 86 and NH 76 Kanpur Kabrai Road. Kabrai is well also by rail. One can board trains from Kabrai Railway Station.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Krasny Yar, Aleysky District, Altai Krai
Krasny Yar (Russian: Красный Яр) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Chapayevsky Selsoviet of Aleysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 510 as of 2016. There are 11 streets.

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
The Real Housewives of New Jersey season 3
The third season of The Real Housewives of New Jersey, an American reality television series, was broadcast on Bravo. It aired from May 16, 2011 until October 23, 2011, and was primarily filmed in Franklin Lakes, New Jersey. Its executive producers are Rebecca Toth Diefenbach, Valerie Haselton, Lucilla D'Agostino, Jim Fraenkel, Omid Kahangi, Caroline Self, Tess Gamboa Meyers and Andy Cohen.

The Real Housewives of New Jersey focuses on the lives of Teresa Giudice, Jacqueline Laurita, Caroline Manzo, Melissa Gorga and Kathy Wakile. It consisted of twenty-one episodes.

Andy Cohen
Andrew Joseph Cohen (born June 2, 1968) is an American radio and television talk show host, producer, and writer. He is the host and executive producer of The Real Housewives franchise and Bravo's late night talk show, Watch What Happens Live! He also hosts a two-hour show with co-host John Hill twice a week on Sirius XM.

Cohen served as Bravo's executive vice president of Development and Talent until 2013. He was responsible for creating original content, developing innovative formats, and identifying new talent. Cohen also served as executive producer on the James Beard award–winning reality cooking competition television show, Top Chef. He also hosted the revival of the television dating show Love Connection. He has been awarded a Primetime Emmy Award, and five Peabody Awards.
Oskar Bäck
Oskar Bäck (born 12 March 2000) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player who is a forward for the  Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL). Bäck was drafted in the third round, 75th overall, by the Stars in the 2018 NHL entry draft.

Texas Stars
The Texas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Cedar Park, Texas. They are the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the National Hockey League's (NHL) Dallas Stars. They play their homes games at the H-E-B Center.
Khyargas Nuur
Khyargas Lake (Mongolian: Хяргас нуур) is a salt lake in Khyargas district, Uvs Province, Western Mongolia.

Some sources are using different Khyargas Lake statistics values:

Water level: 1,035.29 m (3,396.6 ft)

Surface area: 1,481.1 km2 (571.9 sq mi)

Average depth: 50.7 m (166 ft)

Volume: 75.2 km3 (18.0 cu mi)

The Khyargas Lake National Park is based on the lake. This protected area was established in 2000 and covers about 3,328 km2. It also includes a freshwater Airag Lake.

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
Glyphodes conjunctalis
Glyphodes conjunctalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found on the Sula Islands, Misool, New Guinea, Seram, Ambon Island and Australia (Queensland).

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The wings are black with white patches.

Seram Island
Seram (formerly spelled Ceram; also Seran or Serang) is the largest and main island of Maluku province of Indonesia, despite Ambon Island's historical importance. It is located just north of the smaller Ambon Island and a few other adjacent islands, such as Saparua, Haruku, Nusa Laut and the Banda Islands.
Margaret Fuller House
The Margaret Fuller House was the birthplace and childhood home of American transcendentalist Margaret Fuller (1810–1850). It is located at 71 Cherry Street, in the Old Cambridgeport Historic District area of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the neighborhood now called  "The Port" (formerly known as "Area Four") (north of Massachusetts Avenue, between Central and Kendall Squares). The house is now a National Historic Landmark.

The three-story, wooden, Federal style house was built in the early 19th century, and was Fuller's home from birth until age 16. In 1902 it became the Margaret Fuller House of Cambridge, a settlement house providing information and services to help immigrants assimilate into American culture. It is now known as the Margaret Fuller Neighborhood House.

Kendall Square
42°21′44″N 71°5′3″W﻿ / ﻿42.36222°N 71.08417°W﻿ / 42.36222; -71.08417
Kendall Square is a neighborhood in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The square itself is located at the intersection of Main Street and Broadway. It also refers to the broad business district east of Portland Street, northwest of the Charles River, north of MIT and south of Binney Street.

Kendall Square has been called "the most innovative square mile on the planet", in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010.

The neighborhood has approximately 50,000 people who work in the area on a daily basis and a growing residential population.
Dick's Picks Volume 28
Dick's Picks Volume 28 is an album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.  Released on four CDs on April 20, 2003, it is the 28th installment of the Dick's Picks archival series. It was principally recorded February 26, 1973 at the Pershing Municipal Auditorium in Lincoln, Nebraska, and February 28, 1973 at the Salt Palace in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Bill Kreutzmann
William Kreutzmann Jr. (/ˈkrɔɪtsmɑːn/ KROYTS-mahn; born May 7, 1946) is an American drummer and founding member of the rock band Grateful Dead. He played with the band for its entire thirty-year career, usually alongside fellow drummer Mickey Hart, and has continued to perform with former members of the Grateful Dead in various lineups, and with his own bands BK3, 7 Walkers and Billy & the Kids.
2012 English cricket season
The 2012 English cricket season was the 113th in which the County Championship had been an official competition. It began on 31 March with a round of university matches, and continued until the final of the Clydesdale Bank 40 on 15 September. Three major domestic competitions were contested: the 2012 County Championship won by Warwickshire, the 2012 Clydesdale Bank 40 and the 2012 Friends Life t20 both won by Hampshire Royals.

During this season, three Test teams toured England: West Indies lost both the Test series (2–0) and the One Day International (ODI) series (2–0), and the solitary Twenty20 International (T20I). Australia also toured, in a series of five match One Day International (ODI) series which they lost 4–0. South Africa also toured, beating England in a three Test series 2–0 and drew the five match ODI series and the three match Twenty20 International (T20I) series.

South African cricket team in England in 2012
The South African cricket team toured England in 2012 to play three Test matches, five One Day Internationals and three Twenty20 International matches. The number of Test matches between the two nations had to be reduced to avoid clashes with the Olympic Games.

Similarly to South Africa's previous tour of England in 2008, South Africa won the series, and the England captain subsequently resigned (in 2008, Michael Vaughan resigned from the captaincy, and subsequently was never picked to play again; in 2012, Andrew Strauss resigned both the captaincy and from all forms of cricket).
Johnny, You're Wanted
Johnny, You're Wanted is a 1956 British crime second feature film, directed by Vernon Sewell and starring John Slater and Alfred Marks. It was written by Frank Driscoll and Michael Leighton based on the 1953 BBC television series of the same name which also starred Slater. The film features strongwoman Joan Rhodes performing her stage act.

It was one of several films Sewell directed for Anglo Amalgamated.

Strongwoman
A strongwoman is a woman who performs feats of strength in a show or circus, or a woman who competes in strength athletics. Traditionally, strongwomen have had a special appeal, as women involved in demonstrated feats of strength were exceptions. Modern day strongwoman competitions test athletes physical strength and endurance through a variety of heavy lifts and events.
Khaje Taj od-Din Mausoleum
The Khaje Taj od-Din Mausoleum, also known as the Khwaja Tajuddin Mausoleum, (Persian: بقعه خواجه تاجالدین), is a historic mausoleum and Islamic shrine complex, located next to the Agha Bozorg Mosque in Fazel-e Naraghi district of Kashan, Isfahan province, Iran. It was built in the 15th century over a Seljuk-era structure by the Timurid dignitary, Khwaja Zaynuddin, around the grave of his brother.

The mausoleum was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 1 February 1956 and is administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Kashan
Kashan (Persian: کاشان; [kɒːˈʃɒːn] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Kashan County, in the northern part of Isfahan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Kashan is one of the oldest cities in Iran and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.
Wattbike
Wattbike is a British manufacturer of exercise bikes since 2008. The company is sited in West Bridgford, near Ruddington Lane tram stop in Compton Acres.

In September 2020, it received £11.5 million from Piper, a UK-based investment company, following an increase in sales caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The following year, the firm partnered with the All Blacks to supply their indoor bike trainers.

On July 1, 2025, Interactive Strength Inc. announced that it had completed the acquisition of Wattbike.

Stationary bicycle
A stationary bicycle (also known as exercise bicycle, exercise bike, spinning bike, spin bike, or exercycle) is a device used as exercise equipment for indoor cycling. It includes a saddle, pedals, and some form of handlebars arranged as on a (stationary) bicycle.

Resembling a bicycle without wheels, a stationary bicycle is usually a special-purpose exercise machine that may be adapted for stationary exercise from an ordinary bicycle by placing it on bicycle rollers or a trainer. Rollers and trainers are often used by racing cyclists to warm up before racing, or to train indoors on their own machines.
Mithila (ancient city)
Mithila was the capital city of the Kingdom of the Videhas. The location of Mithila is disputed with one possibility being the archaeological site of Baliraajgadh in present-day Madhubani district, Bihar, India, Sitamarhi  in present-day Bihar, India, and Mukhiyapatti of Mukhiyapatti Musharniya rural municipality of Dhanusha in present-day Nepal.

Mukhiyapatti Musharniya Rural Municipality
Mukhiyapatti Musharniya  is a rural municipality in Dhanusha District in Province No. 2 of south-eastern Nepal established in 2073 BS. As of 2011 Nepal census, it has a population of 25,482. It was formed by joining Tulsiyahi Nikas, Tulsiyani Jabdi, Baheda Bela and former Mukhiyapatti Musharniya Village development committees. The total area of Nagarain municipality is 26.84 km2.
Brykiv, Ternopil Oblast
Brykiv (Ukrainian: Бриків) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Kremenets Raion, Shumsk urban hromada.  After the abolition of the Shumsk Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Shumsk Raion
Shumsk Raion (Ukrainian: Шумський район) was a former raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Shumsk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Shumsk Raion was merged into Kremenets Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 32,625 (2020 est.).

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Shumsk urban hromada with the administration in Shumsk;

Velyki Dederkaly rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Velyki Dederkaly.
The Little Black Box (collection)
The Little Black Box is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Philip K. Dick.  It was first published by Gollancz in 1990 and reprints Volume V of The Collected Stories of Philip K. Dick.  It had not previously been published as a stand-alone volume.  Many of the stories had originally appeared in the magazines Worlds of Tomorrow, Galaxy Science Fiction, Amazing Stories, Fantasy and Science Fiction, Famous Science Fiction, Niekas, Rolling Stone College Papers, Interzone, Playboy, Omni and The Yuba City High Times.

Interzone (magazine)
Interzone is a British fantasy and science fiction magazine. Published since 1982, Interzone is the eighth-longest-running English language science fiction magazine in history, and the longest-running British science fiction (SF) magazine. Stories published in Interzone have been finalists for the Hugo Awards and have won a Nebula Award and numerous British Science Fiction Awards.