hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Teochew Min
Teochew, also known as Swatow or Teo-Swa after its two best-known dialects, is a Southern Min language spoken by the Teochew people in the Chaoshan region of eastern Guangdong and by their diaspora around the world. It is sometimes referred to as Chiuchow, its Cantonese rendering, due to English romanization by colonial officials and explorers. It is closely related to Hokkien, as it shares some cognates and phonology with Hokkien.

Teochew preserves many Old Chinese pronunciations and vocabulary that have been lost in some of the other modern varieties of Chinese. As such, Teochew is described as one of the most conservative Chinese languages.

Cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language.

Because language change can have radical effects on both the sound and the meaning of a word, cognates may not be obvious, and it often takes rigorous study of historical sources and the application of the comparative method to establish whether lexemes are cognate.  It can also happen that words which appear similar, or identical, in different languages, are not cognate.

Cognates are distinguished from loanwords, where a word has been borrowed from another language.
CLEVER score
The CLEVER (Cross Lipschitz Extreme Value for nEtwork Robustness) score is a way of measuring the robustness of an artificial neural network towards adversarial attacks.
It was developed by a team at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab in IBM Research and first presented at the 2018 International Conference on Learning Representations. It was mentioned and reviewed by Ian Goodfellow as well. It was adopted into an educational game Fool The Bank by Narendra Nath Joshi, Abhishek Bhandwaldar and Casey Dugan

Ian Goodfellow
Ian J. Goodfellow (born 1987) is an American computer scientist, engineer, and executive, most noted for his work on artificial neural networks and deep learning. He is a research scientist at Google DeepMind, was previously employed as a research scientist at Google Brain and director of machine learning at Apple as well as one of the first employees at OpenAI, and has made several important contributions to the field of deep learning, including the invention of the generative adversarial network (GANs). Goodfellow co-wrote, as the first author, the textbook Deep Learning (2016) and wrote the chapter on deep learning in the authoritative textbook of the field of artificial intelligence, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (used in more than 1,500 universities in 135 countries).
Pellet basket
A pellet basket is a small metal basket that sits inside a woodstove or fireplace and holds wood pellets. Pellet baskets convert a non-pellet-burning stove into a pellet stove, allowing a person to heat their home using an existing stove or fireplace.

Wood-burning stove
A wood-burning stove (or wood burner or log burner in the UK) is a heating or cooking appliance capable of burning wood fuel, often called solid fuel, and wood-derived biomass fuel, such as sawdust bricks. Generally the appliance consists of a solid metal (usually cast iron or steel) closed firebox, often lined by fire brick, and one or more air controls (which can be manually or automatically operated depending upon the stove). The first wood-burning stove was patented in Strasbourg in 1557. This was two centuries before the Industrial Revolution, so iron was still prohibitively expensive. The first wood-burning stoves were high-end consumer items and only gradually became used widely.

The stove is connected by ventilating stove pipe to a suitable flue, which will fill with hot combustion gases once the fuel is ignited. The chimney or flue gases must be hotter than the outside temperature to ensure combustion gases are drawn out of the fire chamber and up the chimney.
The Peach Girl
The Peach Girl, also known as Peach Blossom Weeps Tears of Blood, is a 1931 silent film written and directed by Bu Wancang. The cast included some of the major movie stars of the periods including the Korean-born actor Jin Yan and the actresses Ruan Lingyu and Zhou Lili.

The film was produced by the Lianhua Film Company and proved an early success for the studio, in no small part due to the on screen combination of Jin and Ruan, the so-called "Valentino" and "Garbo" of Shanghai cinema, and who starred together in several vehicles before Ruan's suicide in 1935.

A print of the film is currently maintained by the China Film Archives.

United Photoplay Service
The United Photoplay Service Company (traditional Chinese: 聯華影業公司; simplified Chinese: 联华影业公司; pinyin: Liánhuá yǐngyè gōngsī; lit. 'United China Film Company') was one of the three dominant production companies based in Shanghai, China during the 1930s, the other two being the Mingxing Film Company and the Tianyi Film Company, the forerunner of the Hong Kong–based Shaw Brothers Studio.
Ziadiyah
Ziadiyah (Arabic: زيادية, romanized: az-Ziyādīyah) is a town in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. It is located on the Queiq Plain, between Akhtarin and al-Rai, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of the city of Aleppo, and 10 km (6.2 mi) south of the border to the Turkish province of Kilis.

Administratively the town belongs to Nahiya Akhtarin in A'zaz District. Nearby localities include Ghurur 1 km (0.62 mi) to the east, and Turkman Bareh 4 km (2.5 mi) to the southwest. In the 2004 census, Ziadiyah had a population of 3,576.

Akhtarin Subdistrict
Akhtarin Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية أخترين, romanized: Nāḥiyah Akhtarin) is the easternmost subdistrict of Azaz District in the northern Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria, on the border with Turkey. Its administrative centre and largest town is Akhtarin. Its town of Dabiq is notable for the battle of Marj Dabiq in 1516, and its place in Islamic eschatology. Neighbouring subdistricts are Sawran Subdistrict (northwest) and Mare' Subdistrict (southwest), both in Azaz District, as well as al-Rai Subdistrict (northeast) and al-Bab Subdistrict (southeast), both belonging to al-Bab District. To the north is the Kilis Province of Turkey.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 39,385.
Levan Gegetchkori
Levan Gegetchkori (Georgian: ლევან გეგეჭკორი, romanized: levan gegech'k'ori, pronounced [levan ɡeɡetʃʼkʼoli]; born 5 June 1994) is a Georgian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Erovnuli Liga club Gagra.

He was a member of the Georgia national football team. He made his debut in 2017 in a friendly game against Belarus.

FC Gagra
FC Gagra (Georgian: საფეხბურთო კლუბი გაგრა) is a Georgian professional football club which competes in the Erovnuli Liga, the first tier of Georgian football.

The club has its origins in Gagra, Abkhazia. It was founded in Tbilisi by former player and coach Goderdzi Chikhradze and his cousin in 2004 with a plan to move the club to Gagra in the end, but due to the ongoing Abkhazia conflict the team plays its home games in Tbilisi.

FC Gagra is the only non-top flight Georgian team which has twice won the national cup.
Nenad Milovanović
Nenad "Neško" Milovanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Ненад Нешко Миловановић; born 15 August 1969) is a Serbian football manager and former player.

During his managerial career, Milovanović worked at Mladost Lučani, Borac Čačak, Jagodina, Metalac Gornji Milanovac and Napredak Kruševac.

Serbian Cup
The Serbian Cup (Serbian: Куп Србије / Kup Srbije), also known as Mozzart Serbian Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the national football cup of Serbia. The winner of the competition gets a spot in the UEFA Europa League qualifying round.
Masood Fakhri
Masood Fakhri (Punjabi: مسعود فخری; 16 November 1932 – 6 September 2016) was a Pakistani professional footballer who played as a left winger. A former Pakistani international, Fakhri was well known for his time with Indian Kolkata clubs East Bengal and Mohammedan Sporting. He was the first Pakistani footballer to score a hat trick in an international game at the 1954 Asian Games, and the first player from South Asia to play in England, where he played for Bradford City before prematurely retiring.

Pakistan Railways F.C.
Pakistan Railways FC serves as the football section of Pakistan Railways, a state-owned railway company. Based in Lahore, the club play at the Railway Stadium. Founded in the 1880s during the British Raj as North-Western Railway Football Club, it is one of the oldest football clubs in Pakistan. The club used to compete in the National Football Championship and Pakistan Premier League. The club regularly participates in the PFF National Challenge Cup.
Lutfozzaman Babar
Lutfozzaman Babar (Bengali: লুৎফুজ্জামান বাবর, born 10 October 1958) is a Bangladeshi politician and member of BNP who served as the Home Minister of Bangladesh from 2001 to 2006.

Babar was the youngest member in the cabinet of BNP-Jamaat led coalition government, and received media and public attraction alike due to his alternative clothing style, spike-cut hair, and various quips. He was also among the pioneers in forming the Rapid Action Battalion, an elite force widely criticized for extra-judicial killings. Throughout his tenure as a politician, Babar was accused of being involved in various controversies.

Rapid Action Battalion
The Rapid Action Battalion (Bengali: র‍্যাপিড অ্যাকশন ব্যাটালিয়ন, romanised: Ryaepid Ækśon Byāṭāliẏan; abbreviated as RAB) is an elite law enforcement force in Bangladesh tasked with combating serious crimes, terrorism, and organised criminal activities. Operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs, RAB is a composite force comprising personnel from the Police, Army, Navy, Air Force, BGB, and Ansar. Since its establishment in 2004, RAB has played a key role in counter-terrorism, anti-drug operations, and high-profile criminal investigations.

The Rapid Action Battalion has faced criticism from human rights groups for their use of extrajudicial killings and alleged involvement in enforced disappearances. It is estimated that between 2004 and 2008, RAB had killed 1,062 people.
Shimotsuma, Ibaraki
Shimotsuma (下妻市, Shimotsuma-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 41,621 in 17,294 households and a population density of 515 persons per km². The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 29.0%. The total area of the city is 80.88 square kilometres (31.23 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Pro-Cathedral of the Divine Mercy, Moulvibazar
The Pro-Cathedral of the Divine Mercy or simply Church of the Divine Mercy is a cathedral affiliated with the Catholic Church which is located in the city of Moulvibazar (also written Moulvibazar মৌলভীবাজার)) in the district of the same name, in the northeastern part of Bangladesh, in Asia.

The temple follows the Roman or Latin rite and is the main mother church of the Diocese of Sylhet (Dioecesis Sylhetensis; সিলেট এর বিশপের এলাকা) that was created by Pope Benedict XVI in 2011 by the bull "Missionali Ecclesiae".

Diocese of Sylhet
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sylhet (Latin: Diœcesis Sylhetensis) is a diocese in Bangladesh, and comprises the civil districts of Sylhet, Sunamganj, Habiganj, and Moulvibazar. It lies in the  Ecclesiastical province of Dhaka in Bangladesh.
Carraresi
The House of Carrara or Carraresi (da Carrara) was an important family of northern Italy in the 12th to 15th centuries. The family held the title of Lords of Padua from 1318 to 1405.

Under their rule, Padua conquered Verona, Vicenza, Treviso, Feltre, Belluno, Bassano, Aquileia and Udine, thus controlling much of the Veneto and part of Friuli. However, in 1405 Padua and the da Carrara family were defeated by the Republic of Venice, that effectively prevented the creation of a large regional state with Padua as its capital.

Friuli
Friuli (Italian: [friˈuːli]; Friulian: Friûl [fɾiˈuːl] ⓘ; Venetian: Friul or Friułi; Slovene: Furlanija; Austrian German: Friaul) is a historical region of northeast Italy. The region is marked by its separate regional and ethnic identity predominantly tied to the Friulians, who speak the Friulian language. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, i.e. the administrative provinces of Udine, Pordenone, and Gorizia, excluding Trieste.
Mancoluto
Jose Manuel Pineda Vargas (aka Maestro Mancoluto) is a Peruvian shaman. Vargas is primarily known as the lead shaman for the Ayahuasca retreat center named Chimbre (also Shimbre) located in Puerto Maldonado, Peru. Vargas was featured in the award-winning documentary "Stepping Into the Fire (2011)."

Puerto Maldonado
Puerto Maldonado (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpweɾto maldoˈnaðo] ⓘ) is a city in southeastern Peru in the Amazon rainforest 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of the Bolivian border, located at the confluence of the Tambopata and Madre de Dios rivers. The latter river joins the Madeira River as a tributary of the Amazon. This city is the capital of the Department of Madre de Dios.

Nearby are the Manu National Park, Tambopata National Reserve, and Bahuaja-Sonene National Park, which have been established to protect natural resources. These are some of the most pristine primary rain forests in the world. They include several oxbow lakes and clay licks, where hundreds of birds, including macaws, feed on clay. Among the indigenous peoples in this area are the Machiguenga.
Calveriosoma gracile
Calveriosoma gracile is a species of sea urchin in the order Echinothurioida. It is a deep water species and is found on the seabed in western parts of the Pacific Ocean at depths of 200 to 800 metres (660 to 2,620 ft).

Mesopelagic zone
The mesopelagic zone (Greek μέσον, middle), also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone, is the part of the pelagic zone that lies between the photic epipelagic and the aphotic bathypelagic zones. It is defined by light, and begins at the depth where only 1% of incident light reaches and ends where there is no light; the depths of this zone are between approximately 200 to 1,000 meters (660 to 3,280 ft) below the ocean surface.

The mesopelagic zone occupies about 60% of the planet's surface and about 20% of the ocean's volume, amounting to a large part of the total biosphere. It hosts a diverse biological community that includes bristlemouths, blobfish, bioluminescent jellyfish, giant squid, and a myriad of other unique organisms adapted to live in a low-light environment. It has long captivated the imagination of scientists, artists and writers; deep sea creatures are prominent in popular culture.
16th Irish Film & Television Awards
The 16th Irish Film & Television Academy Awards took place on 18 October 2020. Because no ceremony was held in 2019, this ceremony honoured films and television drama released in both 2018 and 2019. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, no physical ceremony took place; instead, there was a "virtual ceremony" hosted by Deirdre O’Kane.

The nominations for the IFTAs were announced by the Irish Film and Television Academy on 14 July 2020. People presenting awards included President Michael D. Higgins, Martin Scorsese, Daisy Ridley and Liam Neeson. It aired on Virgin Media One.

Below are the winners and nominees. Winners are at the top of each list, in bold type.

The Virtues (TV series)
The Virtues is a 2019 British drama miniseries directed by Shane Meadows, who co-wrote it with Jack Thorne. Released in four parts. It stars Stephen Graham, Niamh Algar, and Helen Behan. Its soundtrack was composed by PJ Harvey.
Hagu An'bi
Hagu An'bi is a 1996 Maldivian romantic film directed by Mohamed Aboobakuru. Produced by Mohamed Munadhis under Faransa Films, the film stars Mohamed Aboobakuru, Niuma Mohamed and Nafeesa Ali in pivotal roles. The film was an unofficial remake of Saawan Kumar Tak-directed film Bewaffa Se Waffa (1992), starring Juhi Chawla, Nagma and Vivek Mushran in lead roles. The story revolves around a love triangle and the complexities that arise when two best friends have to marry the same man.

Vivek Mushran
Vivek Mushran (born 9 August 1969) is an Indian actor who predominantly works in Hindi film productions and television productions. He is from U.P.

He started his career in 1991 with Saudagar and has appeared in many other films. He is also known for his role in  STAR Plus's fantasy comedy series Son Pari.
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the second derivative
Explicit formulas for eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the second derivative with different boundary conditions are provided both for the continuous and discrete cases. In the discrete case, the standard central difference approximation of the second derivative is used on a uniform grid.

These formulas are used to derive the expressions for eigenfunctions of Laplacian in case of separation of variables, as well as to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of multidimensional discrete Laplacian on a regular grid, which is presented as a Kronecker sum of discrete Laplacians in one-dimension.

Eigenfunction
In mathematics, an eigenfunction of a linear operator D defined on some function space is any non-zero function  in that space that, when acted upon by D, is only multiplied by some scaling factor called an eigenvalue. As an equation, this condition can be written as

for some scalar eigenvalue  The solutions to this equation may also be subject to boundary conditions that limit the allowable eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.

An eigenfunction is a type of eigenvector.
Subaru Legacy (seventh generation)
The Subaru Legacy (BW) was the seventh generation of the Legacy mid-size sedan. It made its debut at the 2019 Chicago Auto Show on February 7, 2019, and went on sale in the third quarter of 2019 for the 2020 model year.

Unlike previous models, the seventh-generation Legacy was not sold in Japan and Australia due to low sales of its predecessor. The seventh-generation model was built in the United States and sold only in the North America region.

Model year
The model year (sometimes abbreviated as MY) is a method of describing the version of a product which has been produced over multiple years. The model year may or may not be the same as the calendar year in which the product was manufactured.
Michele Ragusa
Michele Ragusa is an American actress and singer currently residing in New Jersey. She is best known for her work in Broadway musicals and her solo performances and staged concerts with Symphony Orchestras around the United States. She also played a recurring role on the television comedy Happyish.

Lists of American actors
The following are lists of American actors:

List of American current child actors

List of American film actresses

List of American former child actors

List of American television actresses

List of African-American actors

List of American actors of Irish descent

List of Barbadian American actors

List of Italian-American actors

List of Mexican-American actors

List of Native American actors

List of Romanian American actors

List of Slovene American actors
Ted Alletson
Edwin Boaler Alletson, (6 March 1884 – 5 July 1963), played English county cricket for Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club during the early years of the 20th century. He was predominantly selected by Nottinghamshire as a right-handed batsman and a not-very-successful fast bowler and, with one exception, his career was unspectacular. Over the 179 innings of his career, he passed 50 runs only 14 times, and converted just one of those 50s to a century.

Alletson secured his place in cricket history with one record-breaking innings played against Sussex County Cricket Club in May 1911. The innings rescued the game for Nottinghamshire and became known as Alletson's Innings. He never repeated this success. His career ended three years later, when he was 30, when cricket was suspended at the onset of World War I. He died in 1963, aged 79.

County cricket
Inter-county cricket matches have been played since the early 18th century, involving teams that are representative of the historic counties of England and Wales.

Two county championship competitions have existed since the late 19th century at different levels: the County Championship, a first-class competition which involves 18 clubs, of which 17 are English and one is from Wales; and the National Counties Championship, with 19 English clubs and one club representing several Welsh counties.

County clubs have also played limited-overs competitions since the 1960s. The first edition of the Gillette Cup in 1963 was the world's first List A cricket tournament. The Sunday League existed from 1969 to 2009, mostly as a 40-overs-per-side league. The 2003 Twenty20 Cup was the world's first Twenty20 tournament. Currently, the main limited-overs county competitions are the One-Day Cup, Women's One-Day Cup, T20 Blast and Women's T20 Blast.
IQA World Cup III
The  IQA World Cup III was the 2009 edition of the IQA World Cup (now the US Quidditch Cup), a quidditch club tournament then organized by the Intercollegiate Quidditch Association. It was held on Sunday, October 25, 2009, at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vermont.

Hosting team Middlebury College won the tournament. They won all six games they played, and defeated Emerson College 60–10 in the final. Middlebury has won the first five IQA World Cup.

Middlebury College
Middlebury College is a private liberal arts college in Middlebury, Vermont, United States. Founded in 1800 by Congregationalists, Middlebury was the first operating college or university in Vermont.

In the fall of 2024, the college enrolled 2,760 undergraduates from all 50 states and 74 countries and offers 45 majors in the arts and humanities as well as joint engineering programs. In addition to its undergraduate liberal arts program, the school also has graduate schools, the Middlebury College Language Schools, the Bread Loaf School of English, and the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, as well as its C.V. Starr-Middlebury Schools Abroad international programs. Middlebury's 31 varsity teams are the Middlebury Panthers and compete in the NCAA Division III's New England Small College Athletic Conference.
Hempilation, Vol. 2: Free the Weed
Hempilation, Vol. 2: Free the Weed is the second compilation album to benefit the organization NORML, following up 1995's Hempilation: Freedom Is NORML. Like the first compilation, the album itself brought attention to the marijuana legalization issue.

Michael Franti
Michael Franti (born April 21, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, poet, activist, documentarian, and rapper — widely known for his numerous musical projects with political and social emphasis, including the Beatnigs and the Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy. Franti founded and is lead vocalist of Michael Franti & Spearhead, a band blending hip hop with a variety of other styles including funk, reggae, jazz, folk, and rock. He is outspoken on peace and social justice and Middle East issues.