hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nerve biopsy
In medicine, a nerve biopsy is an invasive procedure in which a piece of nerve is removed from an organism and examined under a microscope. A nerve biopsy can lead to the discovery of various necrotizing vasculitis, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, leprosy, metabolic neuropathies, inflammation of the nerve, loss of axon tissue, and demyelination.

Biopsy literally means an examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease.

A nerve biopsy may be necessary when a patient experiences numbness, pain, or weakness in places such as the fingers or toes. A nerve biopsy can help to determine the cause of such symptoms. The procedure is usually only performed when all other options have failed in determining the cause of a disease. It is an outpatient procedure that is performed under local anesthetic.

Systemic vasculitis
Necrotizing vasculitis, also called systemic necrotizing vasculitis, is a general term for the inflammation of veins and arteries that develops into necrosis and narrows the vessels.

Tumors, medications, allergic reactions, and infectious organisms are some of the recognized triggers for these conditions, even though the precise cause of many of them is unknown. Immune complex disease, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, anti-endothelial cell antibodies, and cell-mediated immunity are examples of pathogenetic factors.

Numerous secondary symptoms of vasculitis can occur, such as thrombosis, aneurysm formation, bleeding, occlusion of an artery, loss of weight, exhaustion, depression, fever, and widespread pain that worsens in the morning.

Systemic vasculitides are categorized as small, medium, large, or variable based on the diameter of the vessel they primarily affect.
GE Dash 8-32B
The GE Dash 8-32B (also classified as B32-8 or D8-32B by some railroad companies) is a 4-axle 3,150 hp (2,350 kW) diesel-electric locomotive built by GE Transportation between 1984 and 1989. It is part of the GE Dash 8 Series of freight locomotives.

A total of 49 examples of the Dash 8-32B model were built for North American railroads. The model is a 12-cylinder version of the (16 cylinder) Dash 8-40B and is powered by GE's 7FDL engine. The first units built for the Burlington Northern Railroad were labelled by GE as B32-8, while later units built for Norfolk Southern followed GE's practice after 1987 of spelling "Dash 8" in the model name. The GE Dash 8-32BWH (or B32-8WH) is a variant built with Head End Power (HEP) and a wide cab for Amtrak service.

Burlington Northern Railroad
The Burlington Northern Railroad (reporting mark BN) was an American–based class 1 railroad company formed from a merger of four major U.S. railroads. Burlington Northern operated between March 2, 1970 and December 31, 1996.

Its historical lineage begins in the earliest days of railroading with the chartering in 1848 of the Chicago and Aurora Railroad, a direct ancestor line of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, which lends Burlington, from Burlington, Iowa, to the names of various merger-produced successors.

Burlington Northern acquired the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway on December 31, 1996, to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway (later renamed BNSF Railway), which was owned by the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation. That corporation was purchased in 2009 by Berkshire Hathaway, which is controlled by investor Warren Buffett.
Brian Beaucage
Brian Leslie Beaucage (22 June 1947 – 3 March 1991), better known as "Bo" Beaucage, was a Canadian gangster, outlaw biker and convicted criminal best known as one of the leaders of the 1971 Kingston Penitentiary riot. His plea bargain with the Crown in 1971 is one of the most controversial plea bargains in Canadian legal history.

Gangster
A gangster (informally gangsta) is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Most gangs are considered to be part of organized crime. Gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix -ster. Gangs provide a level of organization and resources that support much larger and more complex criminal transactions than an individual criminal could achieve. Gangsters have been active for many years in countries around the world. Gangsters are the subject of many novels, films, television series, and video games.
Jenifer (album)
Jenifer is Jenifer Bartoli's début album, released in 2002 in France, and in February 2007 in the U.S. It achieved success on the French and Belgian charts, reaching the top two in both. It spawned four successful singles, all of which were top ten hits in Jenifer's native country. The album was recorded in a mere three weeks.

Jenifer (singer)
Jenifer Yaël Juliette Dadouche-Bartoli (born 15 November 1982), known by the mononym Jenifer, is a French singer.

Since winning the first season of Star Academy France in 2002, she has had a number of hit singles on the French, Belgian and Swiss charts.
Indiola, Oregon
Indiola is an unincorporated community in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is located on  Oregon Route 36 about 10 miles (16 km) east of its junction with Oregon Route 126 in Mapleton, near the Siuslaw River.

Oregon Route 36
Oregon Route 36 is an Oregon state highway that runs between the city of Mapleton in the Oregon Coast Range, and the city of Junction City in the Willamette Valley.  OR 36 traverses the Mapleton–Junction City Highway No. 229 of the Oregon state highway system.  The entire route of the highway is located within Lane County.
Cayos Cochinos
The Cayos Cochinos or Cochinos Cays consist of two small islands (Cayo Menor and Cayo Grande) and 13 smaller coral cays situated 30 kilometres (19 mi; 16 nmi) northeast of La Ceiba on the northern shores of Honduras. Although geographically separate, they belong to the Bay Islands department and are part of the Roatán municipality. The population numbered 108 at the 2001 census. The total land area measures about 2 km2 (0.8 sq mi).

The islands are a Marine Protected Area and are managed by the Honduras Coral Reef Foundation. The coral reef here is part of the world's second largest coral reef system known as the Meso-American Barrier Reef. There is a scientific research station on Cayo Menor, the smaller of the two main islands in the system.

National Geographic writes, "The waters around this collection of coral cays are a marine biologist's dream: protected by the government, off-limits to commercial divers and fishermen, and busy with creatures that may not yet have names."

La Ceiba
La Ceiba (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈsejβa]) is a municipality, the capital of the Honduran department of Atlántida and a port city on the northern coast of Honduras in Central America. It is located on the southern edge of the Caribbean, forming part of the south eastern boundary of the Gulf of Honduras. With an estimated population of 209,000 living in approximately 170 residential areas (called colonias or barrios), it is the fourth most populous and third most important city in the country.

La Ceiba was officially founded on 23 August 1877. The city was named after a giant ceiba tree that grew near the old dock. The city has been officially proclaimed the "Eco-Tourism Capital of Honduras," as well as the "Entertainment Capital of Honduras". Every year, on the third or fourth Saturday of May, the city holds its famous carnival to commemorate Isidore the Laborer (Spanish San Isidro Labrador), which is attended by approximately 500,000 tourists.
Corin Henry
Corin Henry (born October 5, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for Sabah BC in the Azerbaijan Basketball League. He played college basketball for Ranger College and Tarleton State University.

Team FOG Næstved
Team FOG Næstved is a professional basketball team from Næstved, Denmark, playing in the best Danish basketball league, Basketligaen.
The team won its first title in 2017, where they won the Danish Basketball Cup. Their current head coach is Andy Hipsher. 
The team is named after the former supermarket chain FOG.

In the 2015–16 Basketligaen season, the club had the highest average attendances in the league's regular season, as the club finishing third. In the 2016–17 season, FOG once again had the highest average attendance in the league's regular season with an average of 1,168 attendants per game.
Stacy Puryear
Stacy Puryear (born September 10, 1970) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He has previously competed in the NASCAR Busch Series and the CARS Tour.

Puryear has also previously competed in series such as the Virginia Late Model Triple Crown Series, the UARA STARS Late Model Series, and the NASCAR Weekly Series,

CARS Tour
The CARS Racing Tour sanctions a pair of late model stock car racing series in the United States: the zMAX CARS Tour (formerly known as the USAR Pro Cup Series and CARS Pro Cup Series) and the SPEARS CARS Tour West.  They are sanctioned by the Championship Auto Racing Series and sponsored by zMAX and SPEARS Manufacturing. The series competes on paved short tracks in Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.
Sturisoma nigrirostrum
Sturisoma nigrirostrum is a species of armored catfish endemic to Peru, where it is found in the Ucayali River basin. This species inhabits gently to swiftly flowing white waters, typically in areas with abundant submerged wood in the main river flow. It grows to a length of 22 centimetres (8.7 in).  Sexual dimorphism is evident, with hypertrophied odontodes on the sides of the male's head.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Mount Schurz
Mount Schurz el. 11,007 feet (3,355 m) is a mountain peak in the Absaroka Range in Yellowstone National Park.  Mount Schurz is the second highest peak in Yellowstone.  The mountain was originally named Mount Doane by Henry D. Washburn during the Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition in 1871.  Later the name Mount Doane was given to another peak in the Absaroka Range by geologist Arnold Hague.  In 1885, Hague named the mountain for the 13th U.S. Secretary of the Interior, Carl Schurz (1877–1881).  Schurz was the first Secretary of the Interior to visit Yellowstone and a strong supporter of the national park movement.

Henry D. Washburn
Henry Dana Washburn (March 28, 1832 – January 26, 1871) was a U.S. representative from Indiana and a colonel and was breveted twice as brigadier general and major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Muxima
Muxima is a town and commune in the municipality of Quiçama, Icolo e Bengo Province, Angola. The village, located by Kwanza river, was occupied in 1589 by the Portuguese who erected a church and a fortress  in 1599. Muxima means "heart" in Kimbundu. It is the site of a Marian shrine. The town is the home of the 16th century Portuguese Fortress of Muxima.

Kimbundu
Kimbundu, a Bantu language which has sometimes been called Mbundu or North Mbundu (to distinguish it from Umbundu, sometimes called South Mbundu), is the second-most-widely-spoken Bantu language in Angola.

It is the native language of 3.728 million people (as of 2024), with its speakers mostly concentrated in the north-west of the country, notably in the Bengo, Luanda, Icolo e Bengo, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul , and the Malanje provinces. It is spoken by the Ambundu.
Megan Moss
Megan Moss (born 22 March 2002) is a Bahamian athlete. She competed in the women's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. Moss also competed at the 2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's 400 metres in Belgrade, Serbia.

2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's 400 metres
The women's 400 metres at the 2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships was held over three rounds at the Štark Arena in Belgrade, Serbia, on 18 and 19 March 2022.

The gold medal was won by Shaunae Miller-Uibo of the Bahamas in 50.31 seconds, the silver medal by Femke Bol of the Netherlands in 50.57 seconds and the bronze medal by Stephenie Ann McPherson of Jamaica in a national record of 50.79 seconds.
Lease Wife
Lease Wife (Chinese: 租期; pinyin: Zū Qī) is a 2006 drama film directed by Lu Xuechang, and is the story of a man who pays a prostitute to pretend to be his wife when he goes back to his village to visit his family.  It is also known as The Contract.

Lease Wife is Lu's fourth feature film and stars Li Jiaxuan as the prostitute, Lily, and Pan Yueming as the businessman, Guo Jiaju, who hires her.

Lu Xuechang
Lu Xuechang (June 25, 1964 – February 20, 2014) was a sixth generation Chinese film director. One of a new crop of talented filmmakers, Lu directed four feature films beginning with his debut, The Making of Steel in 1997.

Like many of his present-day peers, critics have seen elements of foreign filmmakers in Lu's work with Lu himself claiming to enjoy Italian cinema (although he stops short of naming specific influences). Also commensurate with his peers Lu had his share of run-ins with the censors. The Making of Steel, for example, was recut six times before it was allowed to be screened.
Tara Prakash Limbu
Tara Prakash Limbu (Nepali:तारा प्रकाश लिम्बू) is a Nepali music composer and playback singer. Born in Jhapa, he began performing in local gatherings at the age of 6 and made his first career debut with the film Papi Manchhe 2 (पापि मान्छे २). He rose to prominence after composing and recording the song entitled "Baby I Love You" for the Nepali movie Maya Ko Barima (मायाको बारीमा).

Limbu has been the music composer on the film Bir Bikram (बिर बिक्रम), produced and directed by Milan Chams, and composed the song "Sare Sare" (सारे सारे) which is the theme song of the film.

Jhapa District
Jhapa District (Nepali: झापा जिल्ला; Listenⓘ) is a district of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal named after a Rajbanshi Surjapuri language word "Jhapa", meaning "to cover" (verb). The 2021 Nepal Census, puts the total population of the district at 994,090. The total area of the district is 1,606 square kilometres.
Paceship PY 26
The Paceship PY 26 is a recreational keelboat built by Paceship Yachts of Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada starting in 1974. In 1977 the design was acquired by AMF Corporation and built in Connecticut, United States until 1982. In total 364 were produced.

It has a masthead sloop rig.

Designed by John Deknatel of C. Raymond Hunt Assoc. the fibreglass hull has a keel-stepped mast, a raked stem, a near-vertical transom, a large transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel. The fin keel modeland carries 2,200 lb (998 kg) of iron ballast. The boat has a draft of 4.50 ft (1.37 m) with the standard keel fitted.

There was also a stub keel/centreboard version.

It can be fitted with either an inboard motor or an outboard motor although with a displacement of 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) it is at the upper limit of what an outboard can handle.

In 1982 AMF sold the hull molds to Tanzer Industries who marketed it as the Tanzer 27.

Inboard motor
An inboard motor is a marine propulsion system for boats. As opposed to an outboard motor, where an engine is mounted outside the hull of the craft, an inboard motor is an engine enclosed within the hull of the boat, usually connected to a propulsion screw by a driveshaft.

Marine diesel engines used in international shipping are the largest engines ever produced.
Tanmatras
Tanmatras (Sanskrit: तन्मात्र = tanmātra) are rudimentary, undifferentiated, subtle elements from which gross elements are produced. There are five sense perceptions – hearing, touch, sight, taste and smell – and there are five tanmatras corresponding to those five sense perceptions and the five sense-organs. The tanmatras combine and re-combine in different ways to produce the gross elements – ether, air, fire, water, and earth – which make up the gross universe perceived by the senses. The senses come into contact with the objects and carry impressions of them to the manas (mind), which receives and arranges them into precepts.

Vijnanabhiksu
Vijñānabhikṣu (also spelled Vijnanabhikshu) was a Hindu philosopher from Bihar, variously dated to the 15th or 16th century, known for his commentary on various schools of Hindu philosophy, particularly the Yoga text of Patanjali. His scholarship stated that there is a unity between Vedānta, Yoga, and Samkhya philosophies, and he is considered a significant influence on Neo-Vedanta movement of the modern era.
KLBN
KLBN is a commercial radio station located in Fresno, California, broadcasting on 101.9 FM.  KLBN airs a regional Mexican music format branded as "La Buena".  Its studios are located just north of downtown Fresno, and the transmitter tower is in Meadow Lakes in the Sierra National Forest.

KLBN broadcasts two channels in HD.

Sierra National Forest
Sierra National Forest is a U.S. national forest located on the western slope of the central Sierra Nevada in California, bounded on the northwest by Yosemite National Park and on the south by Kings Canyon National Park. The forest is known for its mountain scenery and beautiful lakes. Forest headquarters are located in Clovis, California. There are local ranger district offices in North Fork and Prather.
Erika Spezia Maldonado
Erika Elizabeth Spezia Maldonado (born 26 December 1975) is a Mexican politician from the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM). 
In the 2000 general election she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Puebla's 6th district during the 58th session of Congress.

Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (Spanish: Partido Verde Ecologista de México, pronounced [paɾˈtiðo ˈβeɾðe ekoloˈxista ðe ˈmexiko], PVEM or PVE) is a green political party in Mexico. Founded in 1986, the party is associated with Jorge González Torres and his son Jorge Emilio González Martínez.
It has seldom received more than 10% of the vote nationwide, but in the 21st century has joined alliances with different major parties  (PAN in the federal elections of 2000,  PRI from 2003 to 2018, and most recently Morena from 2019 on).

It is not recognized as a fellow green party by the European Green Party, and is known for its heavy use of advertising, and for (at times) taking stances on issues not usually associated with the international Green movement (such as support for capital punishment and extension of school hours).
Point May
Point May is the most southerly community on the Burin Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador with a population of 254 in 2021. It is a Catholic community with a church, town hall, fire hall, softball and soccer field. It is known for its close proximity, 19 km (12 mi), to the French islands  of St. Pierre and Miquelon, where the smuggling of liquor and tobacco has been a way of life since before Canada was a country. The tiny Canadian Green Island lies 10 km (6 mi) west of Point May, roughly halfway to St. Pierre.

Burin Peninsula
The Burin Peninsula (/ˈbjʊərɪn/ BURE-in) is a peninsula located on the south coast of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Marystown is the largest population centre on the peninsula.

The Burin Peninsula extends to the southwest from the main island of Newfoundland, separating Fortune Bay to the west from Placentia Bay to the east.  It measures approximately 130 km (81 mi) in length and between 15 and 30 kilometres (9.3–18.6 mi) in width.  It is connected by a 30 km (19 mi) wide isthmus between Terrenceville and Monkstown.

It was originally named the Buria Peninsula by fishermen from the Basque region during the 16th century. The peninsula is also known as "The Boot" because of its shape.
Makhdoom Mohiuddin
Makhdoom Mohiuddin, or Abu Sayed Muhammad Makhdoom Mohiuddin Khudri, (4 February 1908 – 25 August 1969) was an Urdu poet and Marxist political activist of India who founded the Progressive Writers Union in Hyderabad and was active with the Comrades Association and the Communist Party of India, and at the forefront of the 1946–1947 Telangana Rebellion against the Nizam of the erstwhile Hyderabad state.

Mohyeddin
Mohyeddin is an Arabic name meaning "Reviver of Dīn". It is used both as a personal name for males and as an honorific title in the Islamic tradition. Several notable figures, including scholars, philosophers, and theologians throughout Islamic history, have been known by this name.
September 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
September 3 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - September 5

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on September 17 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For September 4th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 22.

Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Passages of Holy Scripture, saints and events for commemoration are associated with each date, as are many times special rules for fasting or feasting that correspond to the day of the week or time of year in relationship to the major feast days.

There are two types of feasts in the Orthodox Church calendar: fixed and movable. Fixed feasts occur on the same calendar day every year, whereas movable feasts change each year. The moveable feasts are generally relative to Pascha (Easter), and so the cycle of moveable feasts is referred to as the Paschal cycle.
2003 Legg Mason Tennis Classic – Doubles
Wayne Black and Kevin Ullyett were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Sargis Sargsian.

Kafelnikov and Sargsian won in the final 7–5, 4–6, 6–2 against Chris Haggard and Paul Hanley.

Paul Hanley (tennis)
Paul Jason Hanley (born 12 November 1977) is a retired professional male tennis player from Australia, specialising in doubles and owning 26 ATP titles in this discipline.

He made the 2005 Wimbledon and 2011 Australian Open finals in mixed doubles, playing with Tatiana Perebiynis and Chan Yung-jan respectively, falling short on both occasions.  His best results came alongside Wayne Arthurs and Kevin Ullyett, with whom Hanley formed long-term doubles partnerships. Hanley has an 8–4 win–loss record on the Australian Davis Cup Team.  The Australian's highest doubles ranking was World Number 5.  His parents, Jay and Judy, co-own a tennis centre, which is one of the main reasons why Hanley pursued a career in the sport.
Êzîdxan Women's Units
The Êzîdxan Women's Units (Kurdish: Yekinêyen Jinên Êzîdxan or YJÊ) is a Yazidi all-women militia formed in Iraq in 2015 to protect the Yazidi community in the wake of attacks by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and other Islamist groups that view Yazidis as 'pagan infidels'.

An offshoot of the mixed-gender Yazidi militia Sinjar Resistance Units (YBŞ), the YJÊ was founded on 5 January 2015 under the original name of Yekîneyên Parastina Jin ê Şengalê (Kurdish: Sinjar Women’s Protection Units, YJŞ), or YPJ-Sinjar. The militia adopted its current name on 26 October 2015.

The organization follows imprisoned PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan's feminist Jineology, and with the broader concept of democratic confederalism as advocated by the Group of Communities in Kurdistan (KCK).

Kurdistan Communities Union
The Kurdistan Communities Union (Kurdish: Koma Civakên Kurdistanê, KCK) is a Kurdish political organization committed to implementing Abdullah Öcalan's ideology of democratic confederalism. The KCK also serves as an umbrella group for several confederalist political parties of Kurdistan, including the Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), Democratic Union Party (PYD), Kurdistan Free Life Party (PJAK), and Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party (PÇDK).
Finland and Sweden's alleged support for the KCK, is one of the points which caused Turkey to oppose Finland and Sweden's NATO accession bid.