hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lennie Hoffmann, Baron Hoffmann
Leonard Hubert "Lennie" Hoffmann, Baron Hoffmann GBS PC (born 8 May 1934) is a senior South African–British judge. Currently, he serves as a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong; he formerly served as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1995 to 2009.

Well known for his lively decisions and willingness to break with convention, Hoffmann has had an especially large impact on the interpretation of contracts, shareholder actions in UK company law, in restricting tort liability for public authorities, human rights and intellectual property law, in particular patents.

Chedworth
Chedworth is a village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, southwest England, in the Cotswolds. It is known as the location of Chedworth Roman Villa, administered since 1924 by the National Trust.

Chedworth Stream rises close to the village and flows east for about 1.9 miles (3 km) in a narrow valley before joining the River Coln at the point where it is crossed by the ancient Fosse Way.
Simplicial group
In mathematics, more precisely, in the theory of simplicial sets, a simplicial group is a simplicial object in the category of groups. Similarly, a simplicial abelian group is a simplicial object in the category of abelian groups. A simplicial group is a Kan complex (in particular, its homotopy groups make sense). The Dold–Kan correspondence says that a simplicial abelian group may be identified with a chain complex. In fact it can be shown that
any simplicial abelian group  is non-canonically homotopy equivalent to a product of Eilenberg–MacLane spaces,

A commutative monoid in the category of simplicial abelian groups is a simplicial commutative ring.

Eckmann (1945) discusses a simplicial analogue of the fact that a cohomology class on a Kähler manifold has a unique harmonic representative and deduces Kirchhoff's circuit laws from these observations.

Harmonic function
In mathematics, mathematical physics and the theory of stochastic processes, a harmonic function is a twice continuously differentiable function  where U is an open subset of ⁠⁠ that satisfies Laplace's equation, that is,

everywhere on U. This is usually written as

or
CPL Gang
The CPL Gang was a group of comic book enthusiasts who published a number of fanzines in the mid-1970s, including Contemporary Pictorial Literature (CPL) and Charlton Bullseye. Founded by Roger Stern and Bob Layton, the CPL Gang eventually included Roger Slifer, Duffy Vohland, Tony Isabella, Don Maitz, Michael Uslan, Steven Grant, and John Byrne, all of whom later became comics professionals.

Michael E. Uslan
Michael E. Uslan (/ˈjuːslən/; born June 2, 1951) is an American lawyer and film producer. Uslan has also dabbled in writing and teaching; he was the first instructor to teach an accredited course on comic book folklore at any university.
Eps1.1 ones-and-zer0es.mpeg
"eps1.1_ones-and-zer0es.mpeg" is the second episode of the American drama thriller television series Mr. Robot. The episode was written and directed by series creator Sam Esmail. It originally aired on USA Network on July 1, 2015.

The series follows Elliot Alderson, a cybersecurity engineer and hacker with social anxiety disorder, who is recruited by an insurrectionary anarchist known as "Mr. Robot" to join a group of hacktivists called "fsociety". In the episode, Elliot receives an offer from Tyrell, while he is asked by Mr. Robot to be part of his next plan.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 1.73 million household viewers and gained a 0.6 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances and character development, although some criticized the pacing.

Insurrectionary anarchism
Insurrectionary anarchism is a revolutionary theory and tendency within the anarchist movement that emphasizes insurrection as a revolutionary practice. It is critical of formal organizations such as labor unions and federations that are based on a political program and periodic congresses. Instead, insurrectionary anarchists advocate informal organization and small affinity group based organization. Insurrectionary anarchists put value in attack, permanent class conflict and a refusal to negotiate or compromise with 'class enemies'.

Associated closely with the Italian anarchist movement, the theory of insurrectionary anarchism has historically been linked with a number of high-profile assassinations, as well as the bombing campaigns of the Galleanisti and Informal Anarchist Federation (FAI).
Susanne Munch Thore
Susanne Elise Munch Thore (born 1960) is a Norwegian lawyer and businesswoman. After serving as a partner (managing partner from 2011) at the legal firm Wikborg Rein from 1993, she was appointed director at Odfjell Drilling in June 2018.

Odfjell Drilling
Odfjell Drilling is an international drilling company that was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange on 27 September 2013. Odfjell Drilling was founded in 1973 but has maritime roots dating back to 1914 and experience in the petroleum industry that began in the mid-1960s.
Uhroidy
Uhroidy (Ukrainian: Угроїди; Russian: Угроеды) is a rural settlement in Sumy Raion, Sumy Oblast, Ukraine. It is located on the banks of the Rybytsia, a tributary of the Psel in the drainage basin of the Dnieper. Uhroidy belongs to Krasnopillia settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 1,837 (2022 estimate).

Sumy Raion
Sumy Raion (Ukrainian: Сумський район, romanized: Sumskyi raion) is a raion (district) in Sumy Oblast in central Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion is the city of Sumy, which was formerly administratively incorporated as a city of oblast significance until 2020. Population: 434,316 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Sumy Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Sumy Raion was significantly expanded. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 61,836 (2020 est.).
Plastics Historical Society
The Plastics Historical Society (PHS) was formed in 1986 and aims to encourage the study of all historical aspects of plastics and other polymers, including synthetic fibres, rubber and elastomers.  It is an independent society, affiliated to the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining and is based in London.

Synthetic fiber
Synthetic fibers or synthetic fibres (in British English; see spelling differences) are fibers made by humans through chemical synthesis, as opposed to natural fibers that are directly derived from living organisms, such as plants like cotton or fur from animals. They are the result of extensive research by scientists aimed at replicating naturally occurring animal and plant fibers. In general, synthetic fibers are created by extruding fiber-forming materials through spinnerets, forming a fiber. These are called synthetic or artificial fibers. The word 'polymer' comes from the Greek prefix 'poly,' which means 'many,' and the suffix 'mer,' which means 'single units'. (Note: each single unit of a polymer is called a monomer).
John R. Challacombe
John Robert Challacombe (sometime in the 19th century – January 6, 1935) was an American businessman and politician.

Challacombe was born on a farm in Macoupin County, Illinois. He went to the Alton, Illinois public schools and to McKendree College. Challacombe lived in Hillsboro, Illinois and was involved in the grain, implement, and hardware businesses. He was also involved with the banking and steel businesses. Challacombe also owned a ranch in Oakwood, Texas. Challacombe served on the Hillsboro City Council and the Montgomery County Board. Challacombe served in the Illinois House of Representatives in 1895 and 1896 and was a Republican. Challacombe died at his home in Hillsboro, Illinois after being ill for several months.

Alton, Illinois
Alton (/ˈɔːltən/ AWL-tən) is a city on the Mississippi River in Madison County, Illinois, United States, about 18 miles (29 km) north of St. Louis, Missouri. The population was 25,676 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the River Bend area in the Metro-East region of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area.

It is well known for its limestone bluffs along the river north of the city. It's the former location of an historical state penitentiary, and played a significant role preceding and during the American Civil War. It was the site of the last Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas debate in October 1858. The former state penitentiary in Alton was used during the Civil War to hold up to 12,000 Confederate prisoners of war.
Llanwenog sheep
The Llanwenog is a breed of domestic sheep originating in Wales. It was developed in the 19th century from the (now extinct) Llanllwni, the Shropshire, Welsh Mountain, and Clun Forest breeds. The Llanwenog's native locale is the Teifi Valley, in western Wales, but it has since spread into other areas. The breed association was formed in 1957. Llanwenogs have black faces and medium-length wool. They have a docile temperament and are known for their profligacy in lambing. The breed has a very placid temperament, is easily handled, easily contained and is well suited to stress free inwintering if necessary. This has important consequences for the health of both the animal and its keeper. This breed is raised primarily for meat.

River Teifi
The River Teifi, is a river in Wales. It forms the boundary for most of its length between the Welsh counties of Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire, and for the final 3 miles (4.8 km) of its total length of 76 miles (122 km), the boundary between Ceredigion and Pembrokeshire. Its estuary is northwest of Cardigan, known in Welsh as Aberteifi, meaning 'mouth of the Teifi'.
Des McNulty
Desmond "Des" McNulty (born 28 July 1952), is a Scottish Labour Party politician, who served as the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Clydebank and Milngavie constituency from 1999 to 2011, serving as Labour's Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning until he was defeated at the 2011 election.

Clydebank and Milngavie (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Clydebank and Milngavie (Gaelic: Bruach Chluaidh agus Muileann-Ghaidh) is a burgh constituency of the Scottish Parliament covering part of the council areas of East Dunbartonshire and West Dunbartonshire. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post method of election. It is also one of ten constituencies in the West Scotland electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to the ten constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

The current member is Marie McNair of the Scottish National Party (SNP), who has held the seat since the 2021 Scottish Parliament election.
South Yorkshireman
The South Yorkshireman was a British named passenger train. In its modern version it was one of four named expresses operated by East Midlands Railway, and runs between Sheffield and London St Pancras.

The original South Yorkshireman was a train in the post-WW2 era from Bradford via Sheffield Victoria to London Marylebone over the Great Central Main Line.

Lists of named passenger trains
In the history of rail transport, dating back to the 19th century, there have been hundreds of named passenger trains. These have been organized into lists by geographical region. Trains with numeric names are spelled out. For example, the 20th Century Limited is listed as "Twentieth Century Limited".

Named trains are sometimes identified through a train headboard, drumhead, lettering on the locomotive or passenger cars, or a combination of these methods.
Khao Phlu railway station
Khao Phlu railway station is a railway station located in Tha Sathon Subdistrict, Phunphin District, Surat Thani. It is a class 3 railway station located 652.467 km (405.4 mi) from Thon Buri railway station.

Phunphin district
Phunphin (Thai: พุนพิน, pronounced [pʰūn.pʰīn]) is a district (amphoe) in Surat Thani province in the south of Thailand. Tha Kham is the principal town of the district. In 2014, the population was 73,067.
Charles Cherry
Charles Cameron Cherry (19 November 1872 – 2 September 1931) was a British born actor. He was born to James Frederick Cherry (died 1883) and his wife, Lady Emily Louisa Haworth-Leslie (died 1936) at Greenwich, Kent, England. His mother was a relation to Norman Leslie, 19th Earl of Rothes. He spent a large part of his career in the United States often as leading man to many beautiful star actresses i.e. Elsie de Wolfe, Maxine Elliott, Ethel Barrymore, Marie Doro and Elsie Ferguson.

He appeared in two silent motion pictures, The Mummy and the Hummingbird (1915) and Passers By (1916).

His sisters were Miriam Audrey Cherry (died 1954) (Mrs. Herbert Owen-Taylor) and Gladys Cherry (1881–1965) (Mrs. George O. S. Pringle), a Titanic survivor. His spouse was Grace Dudley.

Elsie Ferguson
Elsie Louise Ferguson (August 19, 1883 – November 15, 1961) was an American stage and film actress. Seen by some as an early feminist, she promoted suffrage, which she discussed in interviews, and supported animal rights.
Our Shadows Will Remain
Our Shadows Will Remain is the fourth studio album by Joseph Arthur. The album was released in the US on September 28, 2004 on 12" vinyl and October 12, 2004 on CD, then in the UK on July 11, 2005 on CD and double 12" vinyl. The recording sessions also spawned the companion EP, And the Thieves Are Gone. There were four singles released when the album was picked up for UK distribution by 14th Floor Records. An extensive nationwide tour of the US followed the album's release, including dates with Joan Wasser. In 2005, Arthur went on a brief tour throughout Europe with R.E.M.

14th Floor Records
14th Floor Records is a British subsidiary record label of Warner Music UK, founded in 2002 by part owner Christian Tattersfield. The label has released albums by artists including:  Biffy Clyro, Damien Rice, David Gray, Longview, Mark Joseph, Nerina Pallot, Ray LaMontagne and The Wombats.

Tattersfield was named as CEO of Warner Music UK and Chairman of Warner Bros. Records UK on 6 August 2009.
Malcolm Graham (priest)
The Ven. John Malcolm Alexander Graham (1 May 1851 – 2 December 1931) was Archdeacon of Stoke from 1908 until his death on 2 December 1931.

Graham was born in Margate, the son of Prebendary John Graham  of Downpatrick, Ireland, who was Rector of the Church of St Chad, Lichfield, for 40 years. He was educated at Rossall School and Brasenose College, Oxford; and ordained in 1879. After a curacy at Newcastle-under-Lyme he held incumbencies at Burslem, Shrewton and Trentham.

He married Florence Louise Coghill. They had three sons, Major John Malcolm Graham, Rev. Eric Graham and Kenneth Graham. Their daughter, Ruth, died in 1914, ad his wife died in 1917.

Graham was struck by a car when he was walking home to the vicarage in Trentham the evening of 2 December 1931. Graham, whose vision had been declining, was trying to find his gate with an electric torch. He  sustained a fractured skull and leg and died later that evening at Longton Cottage Hospital. The death was ruled an accident.

Trentham, Staffordshire
Trentham (/ˈtrɛntəm/) is a suburb of the city of Stoke-on-Trent, in north Staffordshire, England, south-west of the city centre and south of the neighbouring town of Newcastle-under-Lyme. It is separated from the main urban area by open space and by the Trent and Mersey Canal and the River Trent, giving it the feel of a village.
Fulham Grange railway station
Fulham Grange was a railway station on the Outer Circle located in the suburb of Alphington, Melbourne, Australia. Located near the Grange and Heidelberg Road intersection, it was a quarter mile (0.4 km) from Fairfield Park station. Opened to serve the speculative housing estate after which it was named, it was provided with two side platforms, one located on a loop to the north of the main line. The station was opened with the line on 24 March 1891, and closed with it on 12 April 1893. The line through it reopened on 29 July 1919, as part of the APM Siding, closing again in the 1990s.

Alphington, Victoria
Alphington (/ælfɪŋtən/ ALF-ing-tən) is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 7 km (4.3 mi) north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Darebin and Yarra local government areas. Alphington recorded a population of 5,702 at the 2021 census.

Alphington shares a postcode with neighbouring suburb Fairfield, and is bounded by the Yarra River in the south and the Darebin Creek in the east.
Let Your Light Shine on Me
"Let Your Light Shine on Me" is a traditional gospel blues song, having been recorded by The Wiseman Quartet in 1923, by Ernest Phipps in 1928, and by Blind Willie Johnson in 1929. The song itself is also known as "Shine On Me", "Let It Shine on Me", "Light from the Lighthouse" and "Light from Your Lighthouse".

90 Bisodol (Crimond)
90 Bisodol (Crimond) is the twelfth studio album by UK rock band Half Man Half Biscuit. It was released on 26 September 2011 by Probe Plus.

The inner sleeve includes a modified version of the painting Christ's Entry into Jerusalem by William Gale (1823–1909), in which one onlooker holds a sign with the words "Dirk Hofman Motorhomes". This is a reference to a man who holds such a sign at the finish of European cycling races.
Woman's Day
Woman's Day is an American women's magazine that covers such topics as homemaking, food, nutrition, physical fitness, physical attractiveness, and fashion. The print edition is one of the Seven Sisters magazines. The magazine was first published in 1931 by The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company; the current publisher is Hearst Corporation.

Physical fitness
Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations, and daily activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved through proper nutrition, moderate-vigorous physical exercise, and sufficient rest along with a formal recovery plan.

Before the Industrial Revolution, fitness was defined as the capacity to carry out the day's activities without undue fatigue or lethargy. However, with automation and changes in lifestyles, physical fitness is now considered a measure of the body's ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist hypokinetic diseases, to improve immune system function, and to meet emergency situations.
2018 Lisboa Belém Open – Doubles
Ruan Roelofse and Christopher Rungkat were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Marcelo Arévalo and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela won the title after defeating Tomasz Bednarek and Hunter Reese 6–3, 3–6, [10–1] in the final.

Christopher Rungkat
Christopher Benjamin Rungkat (born 14 January 1990) is an Indonesian tennis player. In 2008, he won  the French Open 2008 Boys' Doubles Juniors title with Finnish player Henri Kontinen. He is the youngest ever Indonesian to be the All Indonesian Champion, and by the end of his junior career, he was awarded for Indonesian best promising athlete 2008.

Rungkat also reached the final of the 2008 US Open boys' event with Henri Kontinen. Rungkat is the first Indonesian to reach the US Open boys' final and to win the doubles title at the French Open.

In June 2010, he won the Tarakan Open International Men's Futures tournament, his first international tournament title since his professional debut in 2007. He won his maiden ATP Tour title in men's doubles, partnered with Swedish player André Göransson in February 2020, 13 years after turning professional.
Offshoring as a service
Offshoring as a service (OaaS) is a business model in which the offshore office is not owned by the entity itself, instead it is outsourced to a vendor. The concept of offshoring is not new; however, in the past, some companies have tried to open their own offshore offices. The OaaS model leans towards utilizing a team or company which specializes in offshoring work and uses them on a contractual basis as a part of their own team.

Vendor
In a supply chain, a vendor, supplier, provider or a seller, is an enterprise that contributes goods or services. Generally, a supply chain vendor manufactures inventory/stock items and sells them to the next link in the chain. Today, these terms refer to a supplier of any goods or service. In property sales, the vendor is the name given to the seller of the property.
St Anton am Arlberg
Sankt Anton am Arlberg, commonly referred to as St Anton, is a village and ski resort in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It lies in the Tyrolean Alps, with aerial tramways and chairlifts up to 2,811 m (9,222 ft), yielding a vertical drop of 1,507 m (4,944 ft). It is also a popular summer resort among trekkers and mountaineers.

Skiing has a long history in St. Anton: ski instructors from the area emigrated to the United States in the 1930s, helping to popularise the sport. St. Anton was the host of the Alpine World Ski Championships in 2001, and is frequently listed as one of the world's top skiing resorts both in terms of skiing available and après-ski entertainment.

Eastern Alps
The Eastern Alps are usually defined as the area east of a line from Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine valley, up to the Splügen Pass at the Alpine divide, and down the Liro River to Lake Como in the south. The peaks and mountain passes are lower than the Western Alps, while the range itself is broader and less arched.
Craig McCauley
Craig William Leslie McCauley (born 1972) is an Anglican priest: He was Archdeacon of Kilmore from 2010 until 2023.

McCauley was born in 1972 and educated at Glamorgan University, All Hallows College, Trinity College Dublin and the Irish Bible Institute. He was ordained after a period of study at the Church of Ireland Theological College in 1999. His first posts were curacies at Seapatrick and Kill. After that he was the rector at Lurgan from 2004 until 2023, when he became incumbent at Naas.

Kill, Rathdown
Kill (Irish: An Chill) is a civil parish in the barony of Rathdown. It is located in the county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Ireland. It is named after Kill of the Grange, a townland itself named after a church now in ruins. Other townlands in the parish are Ballinclea, Cabinteely, Cornelscourt, Deansgrange, Foxrock, Galloping Green South and North, Johnstown, Mulchanstown, Newpark, Newtownpark, Rocheshill, Rochestown Domain, Scalpwilliam or Mount Mapas, Thomastown, Tipperstown, and Woodpark.

The east of the parish borders the Irish Sea at Scalpwilliam or Mount Mapas. Neighbouring parishes are Dalkey to the east, Monkstown to the north, Stillorgan to the northwest, Kilmacud to the west, Tully to the south, and Killiney to the southeast.
Targeted intra-operative radiotherapy
Targeted intra-operative radiotherapy, also known as targeted IORT, is a technique of giving radiotherapy to the tissues surrounding a cancer after its surgical removal, a form of intraoperative radiation therapy.   The technique was designed in 1998 at the University College London.

One IORT technique is known as TARGIT (TARGeted Intraoperative radioTherapy). TARGIT is a method where the radiation is applied during an operation and targeted to the peri-tumoural tissues. TARGIT technique was designed at University College London by Jayant S. Vaidya (who coined the TARGIT acronym) and Michael Baum along with Jeffrey S. Tobias in 1998. The term was first used when the technique was described.

Michael Baum (surgeon)
Michael Baum (born 1937), Professor Emeritus of Surgery and visiting Professor of Medical Humanities in University College London (UCL), is a British surgical oncologist who specialises in breast cancer treatment. He is also known for his contributions to the evaluation and support of patient quality of life. He has been Professor of Surgery in King's College London, the Royal Marsden Hospital and UCL. He is a notable critic of alternative medicine. Baum began his career in Israel and has played a major role in promoting links between Israel and the UK in the field of breast cancer research.