hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Penelope Boston
Penelope J. Boston is a speleologist and astrobiologist. She was associate director of the National Cave and Karst Research Institute in Carlsbad, New Mexico, along with founding and directing the Cave and Karst Studies Program at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro.  Among her research interests are geomicrobiology of caves and mines, extraterrestrial speleogenesis, and space exploration and astrobiology generally.

In the mid-1980s, Boston (then a graduate student at the University of Colorado Boulder) was one of the founders of the Mars Underground and helped organize a series of conferences called The Case for Mars. She was the last director of the NASA Astrobiology Institute before the Institute was suspended.

Carlsbad, New Mexico
Carlsbad (/ˈkɑːrlzbæd/ KARLZ-bad) is a city in and the county seat of Eddy County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 32,238. Carlsbad is centered at the intersection of U.S. Routes 62/180 and 285, and is the principal city of the Carlsbad-Artesia Micropolitan Statistical Area, which has a total population of 62,314. Located in the southeastern part of New Mexico, Carlsbad straddles the Pecos River and sits at the eastern edge of the Guadalupe Mountains.

Carlsbad is a hub for potash mining, petroleum production, and tourism. Carlsbad Caverns National Park is located 20 miles (32 km) southwest of the city, and Guadalupe Mountains National Park lies 54 miles (87 km) southwest across the Texas border. The Lincoln National Forest is to the northwest of town.
Byfield Pool
Byfield Pool is a 4 hectare nature reserve west of Byfield in Northamptonshire. It was managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire until 2020, when management was handed back to the Canal & River Trust, who own the site.

This secluded pool, which is adjacent to the Boddington Reservoir, was constructed in the 1790s to supply water to the Oxford Canal. Water rails and tufted ducks breed on the pond, and there are many frogs and other amphibians. A wide range of other birds nest in the adjacent scrub and woods. Mammals include rabbits and red foxes.

There is access by a footpath from Boddington Road east of Boddington Reservoir, and by a footpath from Byfield.

Canal & River Trust
The Canal & River Trust (CRT), branded as Glandŵr Cymru in Wales, holds the guardianship of 2,000 miles of canals and rivers, together with reservoirs and a wide range of heritage buildings and structures, in England and Wales. Launched on 12 July 2012, the Trust took over the responsibilities of the state-owned British Waterways in England and Wales.
Ebino, Miyazaki
Ebino (えびの市, Ebino-shi) is a city located in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2023, the city had an estimated population of 16,397 in 7775 households, and a population density of 58 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is 282.93 km2 (109.24 sq mi).

Kyushu Railway Company
The Kyushu Railway Company, also referred to as JR Kyushu (JR九州, Jeiāru Kyūshū), is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates intercity rail services within Kyushu, Japan. It formerly operated the Beetle hydrofoil service across the Tsushima Strait between Fukuoka and Busan, South Korea, before its discontinuation in 2024. It also operates hotels, restaurants, and drugstores across its service region. JR Kyushu's headquarters are in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka.
Kirill Razumovsky
Count Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky or Razumovski (also known as Cyril Razumovski; Russian: Кирилл Григорьевич Разумовский; Ukrainian: Кирило Григорович Розумовський, romanized: Kyrylo Hryhorovych Rozumovskyi; 29 March [O.S. 18 March] 1728 – 21 January [O.S. 9 January] 1803) was a Russian statesman of Ukrainian Cossack origin who served as the last hetman of the Zaporozhian Host on both sides of the Dnieper (from 1750 to 1764) and then as a General field marshal in the Imperial Russian Army. Razumovsky was also the president of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences from 1746 to 1798.

Field marshal (Russia)
General-feldmarshal (Russian: Генерал-фельдмаршал, from German: general-feldmarschall) was, with the exception of Generalissimo, the highest military rank of the Russian Empire. It was a military rank of the 1st class in the Imperial Russian Army and equal to those of Chancellor and Active Privy Councillor, 1st class in civil service, and General Admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 the rank was abolished, alongside the Table of Ranks. In 1935 however, the Red Army introduced the equivalent rank of "Marshal of the Soviet Union" (Russian: Маршал Советского Союза) as the highest military rank of the Soviet Union, when ranks were restored under Stalin's rule.
Il Capo dei Capi
Il Capo dei Capi (The Boss of the Bosses) is an Italian biographical crime drama miniseries which debuted on Canale 5 in October and November 2007. It tells the story of Salvatore Riina, alias Totò u Curtu (Totò the Short), a mafioso boss from Corleone, Sicily. Riina is played by Palermo-born actor, Claudio Gioè, and the series was directed by Alexis Sweet and Enzo Monteleone. The series is inspired from the eponymous book-inquiry of Giuseppe D'Avanzo and Attilio Bolzoni. It was broadcast in the UK in the spring of 2013 on the Sky Arts channel, retitled Corleone and split into 12 one-hour episodes.

Second Mafia War
The Second Mafia War was a period of conflict involving the Sicilian Mafia from 1981 to 1983. Sometimes referred to as the Great Mafia War or the Mattanza (Italian for 'Slaughter'), it involved the entire Mafia and radically altered the power balance within the organization. In addition to the violence within the Mafia itself, there was violence against the state, including a campaign of deliberate assassinations of judges, prosecutors, detectives, politicians, activists and other ideological enemies. In turn, the war resulted in a major crackdown against the Mafia, helped by the pentiti, Mafiosi who collaborated with the authorities after losing so many friends and relatives to the fighting. In effect, the conflict helped end the secrecy of the Mafia.
Jesper Mikkelsen
Jesper Mikkelsen (born 26 July 1980) is a Danish former footballer who played as a left back for Danish Superliga side Silkeborg IF.

Mikkelsen made his breakthrough with Danish Superliga side FC Midtjylland, playing 179 games for the club from 2000 to 2007. He played six months with Superliga rivals Esbjerg fB, before moving abroad to join French club Troyes AC. In May 2010, he signed a two-year deal with Superliga club Silkeborg IF.

FC Midtjylland
Football Club Midtjylland (Danish: [ˈme̝tjyˌlænˀ], "Central Jutland") is a Danish professional football club based in Herning and Ikast in western Jutland. The club is the result of a merger between Ikast FS and Herning Fremad. Midtjylland competes in the Danish Superliga, which they have won four times, most recently in 2024.

Midtjylland is based in the middle part of Jutland. They have had international stars playing for the club, such as Mohamed Zidan and Alexander Sørloth. Midtjylland also has the oldest football academy in Scandinavia . The academy has produced multiple Danish national team players, such as Simon Kjær, Joachim Andersen and Rasmus Kristensen.
Eipper Quicksilver
Quicksilver is a line of single and two-place high wing, single-engine, ultralight aircraft that evolved from weight-shift hang gliders including Bob Lovejoy's High Tailer.

The earliest powered version, the Quicksilver C, was created as a self-launching hang glider, designed to allow pilots who lived in the flatlands to be able to self-launch without a hill. The design later evolved into an ultralight aircraft for powered cross-country flying.

The aircraft line has been in production since the late 1970s. Production at the Quicksilver Aircraft factory of Temecula, California ceased in 2015. All remaining assets and inventory were sold to Air-Tech, Inc of Reserve Louisiana who now supports the Quicksilver line.

Rotax 503
The Rotax 503 is a 37 kW (50 hp), inline 2-cylinder, two-stroke aircraft engine, built by BRP-Rotax GmbH & Co. KG of Austria for use in ultralight aircraft.

For decades the engine was one of the most popular and reputedly reliable aircraft engines in its class (two-stroke, under 60 horsepower), and it remains widely used and supported.

As of 2011 the Rotax 503 is no longer in production. However, a Russian manufacturer has developed an approximate reproduction, the RMZ 500.  Rotax subsequently offered only one other two-stroke engine for aircraft, the partially water-cooled Rotax 582.
984 Gretia
984 Gretia /ˈɡriːtiə/ is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 kilometers (20 miles) in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 27 August 1922 and given the provisional designation 1922 MH. The asteroid was named after Greta, sister-in-law of ARI-astronomer Albrecht Kahrstedt.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Clássico do Vale do Paraíba
The Clássico do Vale do Paraíba, often referred to as Clássico do Vale, or Derby do Vale, is the name of the derby between São José Esporte Clube and Esporte Clube Taubaté. A traditional Brazilian countryside football rivalry, first disputed in 1937, it is considered the most important derby of the Vale do Paraíba region in the São Paulo state.

São José play at the Estádio Martins Pereira in São José dos Campos, while Taubaté play at the Joaquinzão in Taubaté, neighboring cities of the São Paulo state. The two grounds are separated by approximately 39 km. The teams have played 89 matches in all competitions, including friendlies; Taubaté won 32 matches, while São José won 28, and the remaining 29 have been drawn. Considering only the professional era (São José only officially became a professional team in 1964), 75 matches have been played, with 26 wins from São José, 22 wins from Taubaté, and 27 draws.

Paraíba Valley
The Paraíba Valley (Portuguese: Vale do Paraíba) is a landform that encompasses the regions: Paraíba Valley Metropolitan Region and Northern Coast, in the state of São Paulo and Sul-Fluminense Region, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, which stands out for concentrating a considerable portion of the Brazilian economy.

The name is due to the fact that the region is part of the Paraíba do Sul river basin, since this river extends from the São Paulo and along almost the entire length of the state of Rio de Janeiro and a small southern part of the Minas Gerais state.

In the strict sense, the name "Vale do Paraíba", "Paraíba Valley" in English, should only be used to refer to a region with a certain geographical feature. Therefore, this is not an official IBGE Region, Mesoregion or Microregion.
Randy Pike
Randall W. Pike (September 30, 1953 – September 20, 2014) was an American politician.

Born in Butler, Missouri, Pike graduated from Butler High School in 1972 and then went to Central Missouri State University. Pike was a taxidermist and woodcarver. He was elected Bates County Northern Commissioner and served from 2002 to 2012. Pike then served in the Missouri House of Representatives, as a Republican, from Adrian, Missouri, from 2013 until his death in 2014 in Butler, ten days before his 61st birthday.

University of Central Missouri
The University of Central Missouri (UCM) is a public university in Warrensburg, Missouri, United States.

In 2024, enrollment was 13,734 students from 48 states and 52 countries on its 1,561-acre campus. UCM offers 150 programs of study, including 10 pre-professional programs, 27 areas of teacher certification, and 37 graduate programs.
The Twelve Brothers
"The Twelve Brothers" (German: Die zwölf Brüder) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimm's Fairy Tales (KHM 9). Andrew Lang included it in The Red Fairy Book.

It is of Aarne-Thompson type 451 ("The Maiden Who Seeks Her Brothers"), which is commonly found throughout Europe. Other variants of the Aarne-Thompson type include The Six Swans, The Twelve Wild Ducks, Udea and her Seven Brothers, The Wild Swans, and The Seven Ravens.

Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index (ATU Index) is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with the Thompson (1932) Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.
Catholic Church in Gibraltar
The Catholic Church in Gibraltar is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. There are an estimated 23,000 baptised Catholics in Gibraltar, making up 72 percent of the population.

Gibraltar is a single diocese led by the Bishop of Gibraltar and immediately subject to the Holy See. The incumbent, the Right Reverend Carmelo Zammit, who was appointed Bishop of Gibraltar on 24 June 2016 and received episcopal ordination on 8 September 2016, was installed there on 24 September 2016.

The Right Reverend
The Right Reverend (abbreviated as The Rt Revd or The Rt Rev) is an honorific style given to certain (primarily Western) Christian ministers and members of clergy. It is a variant of the more common style "The Reverend".
Norridge Mayhams
Norridge Bryant Mayhams (August 17, 1903 – July 22, 1988) was an American singer, songwriter, bandleader, and record producer, whose recordings between the 1930s and 1980s covered a wide range of genres including jazz, gospel, R&B, and novelty songs.  He used a variety of performing names, most notably Norris the Troubadour, and released many of his recordings on his own independent record labels.  His best known song as a writer, "We'll Build a Bungalow", was a chart hit for Johnny Long in 1950, and was performed by Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz in I Love Lucy.  According to one source, "Mayhams authored a body of work that is staggering in its scope, quality and general strangeness."

Desi Arnaz
Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), known as Desi Arnaz, was a Cuban-American actor, musician, producer, and bandleader. He played Ricky Ricardo on the American television sitcom I Love Lucy, in which he co-starred with his wife Lucille Ball. Arnaz and Ball are credited as the innovators of the syndicated rerun, which they pioneered with the I Love Lucy series.

Arnaz and Lucille Ball co-founded and ran the television production company Desilu Productions, originally to market I Love Lucy to television networks. After I Love Lucy ended, Arnaz went on to produce several other television series, at first with Desilu Productions, and later independently, including The Ann Sothern Show and The Untouchables. He was also the bandleader of his Latin group, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra. He was known for playing conga drums and popularized the conga line in the United States.
SS Quistconck
Quistconck was a 5,144 GRT Design 1022 Hog Islander that was laid down as Red Jacket in 1918 by the Stone & Webster subsidiary American International Shipbuilding Corp., Hog Island, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States for the United States Shipping Board (USSB). Launched as Quistconck, she was sold to Lykes Brothers - Ripley Steamship Co Inc in 1933. In 1941, she was passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Falcon. She was sold into merchant service in 1946 and renamed Barnby. A sale to a Panamanian company saw her renamed Mariandrea. She served until 1953, when she was scrapped.

Official number
Official numbers are ship identifier numbers assigned to merchant ships by their country of registration. Each country developed its own official numbering system, some on a national and some on a port-by-port basis, and the formats have sometimes changed over time. As an internationally recognized ship identifier, national official numbers have largely been superseded by the IMO number, though flag states still use national systems, which also cover those vessels not subject to the IMO regulations.
Fragility Index
The fragility index is a statistical metric used primarily in the medical literature to assess study results. It denotes the minimum number of subjects whose status would have to change from a non-event to an event in order to convert a statistically significant result of the study into a non-significant result.  The smaller the fragility index, the more fragile the result of the study.

Medical literature
Medical literature is the scientific literature of medicine: articles in journals and texts in books devoted to the field of medicine. Many references to the medical literature include the health care literature generally, including that of dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, nursing, and the allied health professions.

Contemporary and historic views regarding diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of medical conditions have been documented for thousands of years. The Edwin Smith papyrus is the first known medical treatise. Ancient medical literature often described inflictions related to warfare.
Varbevere
Varbevere (German: Warbofer) is a village in Jõgeva Parish, Jõgeva County in Estonia. It is located on the road between Palamuse and Voore, about 5 km (3 mi) from each. Varbevere has a population of 63 (as of 1 January 2011).

Jõgeva County
Jõgeva County (Estonian: Jõgeva maakond or Jõgevamaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the eastern part of the country, and it borders Ida-Viru County to the northeast, Lake Peipus to the east, Tartu County to the south, Viljandi County to the southwest, Järva County to the northwest, and Lääne-Viru County to the north.
402nd Tactical Airlift Squadron (JASDF)
The 第402飛行隊 (402nd Tactical Airlift Squadron, dai402hikoutai) is the sole squadron of the 2nd Tactical Airlift Group of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force based at Iruma Air Base in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. It is equipped with Kawasaki C-1 and U-4 aircraft.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Stanley Linsley
Christianity portal

The Venerable  Stanley Frederick Linsley  (born Driffield 19 October 1903; died Sinnington 14 December 1974) was Archdeacon of Cleveland from 1965 until his death.

Linsley was educated at Bridlington School and Lichfield Theological College; and ordained in 1930. He began his career as Curate of Holy Trinity, North Ormesby and in 1932 was promoted to Vicar. In 1937 he left to become Vicar of Tunstall. He was Vicar of Cannock from 1937 to 1943; and then Sambrook until 1951. He was General Director of the Industrial Christian Fellowship and Vicar of St Katherine Cree from 1951 to 1958. He was Vicar and Rural Dean of Kidderminster from 1958 to 1963; and Rector of Thwing with Wold Newton from 1963 until his appointment as Archdeacon. He was an Honorary Chaplain to the Queen from 1964 to 1973.

St Katharine Cree
The Guild Church of St Katharine Cree is an Anglican church in the Aldgate ward of the City of London, on the north side of Leadenhall Street near Leadenhall Market. It was founded in 1280. The present building dates from 1628 to 1630. Formerly a parish church, it is now a guild church.
Chisocheton
Chisocheton is a genus of trees in the family Meliaceae. The genus name comes from the Greek schizos and chiton meaning "split tunic", referring to the lobed staminal tube of C. patens. Their range is from India and tropical China, throughout Malesia and south to New South Wales and Vanuatu.

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
Friedrich Ludwig Knapp
Friedrich Ludwig Knapp (February 22, 1814, Michelstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse – June 8, 1904, Braunschweig) was a German chemist. He was the father of economist Georg Friedrich Knapp and the grandfather of social reformer Elly Heuss-Knapp.

Elly Heuss-Knapp
Elisabeth Eleonore Anna Justine Heuss-Knapp (née Knapp; 25 January 1882 – 19 July 1952) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP), social reformer, author and wife of German president Theodor Heuss. She was the founder of the Müttergenesungswerk charitable organisation, officially called Elly Heuss-Knapp Foundation in her honour.
RS-88
The RS-88 (Rocket System-88) is a liquid-fueled rocket engine designed and built in the United States by Rocketdyne (later Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne and then Aerojet Rocketdyne). Originally developed for NASA's Bantam System Technology program in 1997, the RS-88 burned ethanol fuel with liquid oxygen (LOX) as the oxidizer. It offered 220 kN (49,000 lbf) of thrust at sea level.

A hypergolic derivative of the RS-88, fueled by monomethylhydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide, was chosen as the launch escape motor for the Boeing Starliner capsule.

Liquid-propellant rocket
Liquid rocket fuel.

Oxidizer.

Pumps carry the fuel and oxidizer.

The combustion chamber mixes and burns the two liquids.

Combustion product gasses enter the nozzle through a throat.

Exhaust exits the rocket.

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket uses a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.) Liquids are desirable propellants because they have reasonably high density and their combustion products have high specific impulse (Isp). This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low.