hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Endowment mortgage
An endowment mortgage is a mortgage loan arranged on an interest-only basis where the capital is intended to be repaid by one or more (usually Low-Cost) endowment policies.  The phrase "endowment mortgage" is used mainly in the United Kingdom by lenders and consumers to refer to this arrangement and is not a legal term.

The borrower has two separate agreements: one with the lender for the mortgage, and one with the insurer for the endowment policy.  The arrangements are distinct and the borrower can change either arrangement if they wish.  In the past the endowment policy was often taken as an additional security by the lender.  That is, the lender applied a legal device to ensure the proceeds of the endowment were made payable to them rather than the borrower; typically the policy is assigned to the lender.  This practice is uncommon now.

Life assurance premium relief
Life assurance premium relief (LAPR) was a United Kingdom taxation rule.

It is a tax break that may apply to life assurance policies that provide for a capital sum to be paid on death, where the policy commenced prior to 14 March 1984.

It is due in respect of premiums payable under any such life assurance policy issued in respect of an insurance made before 20 March 1968. For such policies entered into between 20 March 1968 and 13 March 1984, the policy must also be a qualifying policy. "Qualifying policy" is defined in Schedule 15 of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988.

HMRC planned to abolish LAPR from 6 April 2015
USS Walter X. Young (APD-131)
USS Walter X. Young (DE-715/APD-131) was a ship of the United States Navy, named for Lieutenant Walter X. Young (1918–1942), an officer of the United States Marine Corps who was killed in action during the Battle of Guadalcanal.

Originally laid down on 27 May 1944 at the Defoe Shipbuilding Company in Bay City, Michigan, as a Rudderow-class destroyer escort, DE-715, Young was reclassified and redesignated as a Crosley-class high speed transport, APD-131 on 15 July 1944. The ship was launched on 30 September 1944, sponsored by Mrs. John J. McGeeney; and commissioned on 1 May 1945.

Bay City, Michigan
Bay City is a city in Bay County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 32,661 at the 2020 census. The city is located just upriver from the Saginaw Bay on the Saginaw River. It is the principal city of the Bay City metropolitan area, which is coterminous with Bay County as part of the larger Greater Tri-Cities region of Central Michigan. Several historic bridges cross the Saginaw River in Bay City, including Liberty Bridge, Veterans Memorial Bridge, Independence Bridge, and Lafayette Avenue Bridge.
Optometry Admission Test
The Optometry Admission Test (OAT) is a test used to determine applicants' qualification for admission to a school of optometry. All colleges of optometry in the United States and the University of Waterloo in Canada use scores from the exam, in addition to work done at the undergraduate level of study, to decide whether to accept candidates. The test is administered by the American Dental Association (ADA) on behalf of the Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry (ASCO).

American Dental Association
The American Dental Association (ADA) is an American professional dental association. Established in 1859 and with over 159,000 current members, ADA is the world's largest and oldest national dental association. The organization lobbies on behalf of the American dental profession and provides dental accreditation.

The ADA publishes the Journal of the American Dental Association and JADA Foundational Science.

As part of its lobbying efforts, the ADA has sought to restrict non-dentists (such as dental hygienists and dental therapists) from providing basic dental care. The organization has played an important role in blocking the inclusion of dental coverage in Medicare. The ADA has expressed opposition to the opening of new dental schools or to increasing the number of dentists in the United States, even as the United States trains almost half as many dental students (relative to population) in the 2000s as it did in the 1980s.
MacTier Cup
The MacTier Cup is the name of the championship for the top senior men's rugby league in Canada.

Originally awarded to the champion of the Rugby Canada Super League (RCSL), the MacTier Cup was established in 1998 along with the RCSL. The first MacTier Cup Championship match was played between the Vancouver Island Crimson Tide and the Nova Scotia Keiths. Vancouver Island defeated Halifax in that game. The champions of the final RCSL championship were the Newfoundland Rock, who won the cup in 2008 after defeating the Calgary Mavericks 30–6.

Since 2009, the Cup has been awarded to the winners of the Canadian Rugby Championship (CRC). Since the inception of the CRC, the Ontario Blues have won the MacTier Cup six times, The BC Bears have won the Cup two times, while the Prairie Wolf Pack and the Atlantic Rock both have won the cup one time.

Calgary Mavericks
The Calgary Mavericks are a Canadian rugby union team based in Calgary, Alberta. The team plays in the Rugby Canada National Junior Championship and draws most of its players from the Calgary Rugby Union, one of fourteen Rugby Unions that have rep teams in the RCSL.

The Mavericks play their "home" games at Calgary Rugby Park in Calgary.

During the sixth season of the Super League the Mavericks became the first team outside of B.C. to win the league Championship defeating the Toronto Xtreme (40-24).
Shotover (horse)
Shotover (1879–1898) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a career that lasted from 1882 to 1884, she ran 15 times and won five races. As a three-year-old, racing against colts, she became the first filly to win the first two legs of the English Triple Crown: the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket and the Derby at Epsom. She went on to win twice at Royal Ascot, but failed in her bid for the Triple Crown when she finished third in the St Leger at Doncaster. She was retired in 1884 and became a successful and influential broodmare. Shotover died in 1898.

Epsom Downs Racecourse
Epsom Downs is a Grade 1 racecourse in a hilly area near Epsom in Surrey, England which is used for thoroughbred horse racing. The "Downs" referred to in the name are part of the North Downs.

The course has a crowd capacity of 130,000 including people watching from the Epsom Downs, an area freely open to the public. The course is best known for hosting the Derby Stakes, which has come to be widely referred to as The Derby or as the Cazoo Derby for sponsorship reasons, the United Kingdom's premier thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old colts and fillies, over a mile and a half (2400 m). It also hosts the Oaks Stakes (also widely referred to as The Oaks) for three-year-old fillies, and the Coronation Cup for horses aged four years and upwards. All three races are Group 1 races and run over the same course and distance.

The Chairman of the course since 2022 is Brian Finch.  The course is operated by the Jockey Club.  Queen Elizabeth II attended the Derby in most years of her reign.
Eramoscorpius
Eramoscorpius is an extinct genus of Silurian scorpions from the Eramosa Member in Ontario. It was likely one of the first semi-terrestrial scorpions. The genus contains a single species, Eramoscorpius brucensis.

Eramosa Member
44°36′N 81°06′W﻿ / ﻿44.6°N 81.1°W﻿ / 44.6; -81.1

The Eramosa Member is a Silurian stratigraphic unit of the Lockport Formation exposed along the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario and western New York State.  In the late nineteenth century it was an important source of building stone in Hamilton, Ancaster and Waterdown, and in the late twentieth century quarries in a similar unit, also called the Eramosa, near Wiarton in the Bruce Peninsula, became an important source of dimension stone at a time when most of the other resources of similar stone were depleted.  Work in these quarries led to the discovery of exceptionally well preserved fossils (the Eramosa lagerstätte).  On the east Mountain at Hamilton, a well-developed cave system was discovered in the Eramosa and has now been designated as the Eramosa Karst Conservation Area.
Michelle Conroy
Michelle Conroy is a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick and an MLA in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick representing the riding of Miramichi East. From 2018 to 2024, she was the MLA for Miramichi.

Conroy was re-elected in the 2020 provincial election, defeating the Liberal Party Leader Kevin Vickers by more than 1000 votes.

On March 30, 2022, Conroy announced she will be leaving the People's Alliance of New Brunswick to join the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick.

Prior to her election, she worked in health care administration.

2020 New Brunswick general election
The 2020 New Brunswick general election was held on September 14, 2020, to elect members of the 60th New Brunswick Legislature. The Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick, led by Blaine Higgs, won a majority government.

The writs of election were issued by Lieutenant Governor Brenda Murphy on August 17, 2020, after a request was made by Premier Blaine Higgs to dissolve the legislature.

The election was scheduled to take place on October 17, 2022, as determined by the fixed-date provisions of the Legislative Assembly Act, which requires a general election to be held every four years on the third Monday in October. However, Premier Higgs called a snap election after negotiations failed with the other parties that would have avoided an election until the fixed date in 2022 or the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.

At 8:55 p.m. ADT, CBC News declared a Progressive Conservative majority government.
Sumter Correctional Institution
The Sumter Correctional Institution  is a state prison for men located in Bushnell, Sumter County, Florida, owned and operated by the Florida Department of Corrections.  This facility has a mix of security levels, including minimum, medium, and close, and houses both adult male and young male offenders.  Sumter first opened in 1965 and has a maximum capacity of 1639 prisoners.

Sumter Correctional Institution is the location of the state's only Basic Training Unit for Youthful Offenders in the Department of Corrections. After completing the 120 day program with a heavy course load of drill practice, education, physical training and a highly regimented daily schedule inmates are released to serve the remainder of their sentence on probation the day of graduation.

An alleged sexual assault against a 17-year-old inmate by six other prisoners in July 2013 triggered a federal lawsuit against the institution.

Bushnell, Florida
Bushnell is a city in and the county seat of Sumter County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,047 at the 2020 census. It is part of The Villages metropolitan area, which consists of all of Sumter County and is included in the Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona combined statistical area.
22 Grand Job
"22 Grand Job" is the debut single by English indie rock band the Rakes, from their debut album, Capture/Release. The song did not chart upon its initial release in 2004, but a re-release the following year proved moderately successful, charting in the UK top 40 at number 39. When headlining Brixton Academy in 2007, the Rakes claimed it was their best song to date.

The Rakes
The Rakes were an English post-punk band formed in London in 2003. Their first album Capture/Release released in 2005, received a nine out of ten review in the NME and was rated 13th best album of the year in the same paper. The band cited in their influences the Specials, Siouxsie and the Banshees and Pulp.

The band disbanded in October 2009, after six years.
Gay Trip
Gay Trip was a racehorse noted for winning the 1970 Grand National.

Gay Trip was a small bay gelding owned by Tony Chambers and trained by Fred Rimell. Formerly a flat racing horse, Gay Trip was switched to National Hunt racing as a five-year-old and won the Mackeson Gold Cup in 1969. In the 1970 Grand National he was ridden by Pat Taaffe after his regular jockey Terry Biddlecombe was ruled out of the race by injury. Gay Trip carried top weight of 11 stones five pounds despite previously never having won a race longer than 2+1⁄2 miles and started at odds of 15/1 in a field of twenty-eight runners. He took the lead at the second last fence and drew clear to win by twenty lengths. 
Since 1970 only Red Rum has won the Grand National carrying top weight.

It was Fred Rimell's third national winner having previously won with E.S.B. and Nicolaus Silver.

In 1972 he finished second in the Grand National, ridden by Biddlecombe.

Stone (unit)
The stone or stone weight (abbreviation: st.) is an English and British imperial unit of mass equal to 14 avoirdupois pounds (6.35 kg). The stone continues in customary use in the United Kingdom and Ireland for body weight.

England and other Germanic-speaking countries of Northern Europe formerly used various standardised "stones" for trade, with their values ranging from about 5 to 40 local pounds (2.3 to 18.1 kg) depending on the location and objects  weighed. With the advent of metrication, Europe's various "stones" were superseded by or adapted to the kilogram from the mid-19th century onward.
Josef Pühringer
Josef Pühringer (German: [ˈpyːrɪŋɐ] ⓘ; born 30 October 1949 in Traun) is a former Austrian politician.

From 2 March 1995 to 6 April 2017 he was the governor (Landeshauptmann) of Upper Austria. He is a member of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP).

He is a member of several Roman Catholic student fraternities that belong to the ÖCV and the MKV.

Pühringer is imperial Knight of Honor of the Order of St. George.

Landeshauptmann
The Landeshauptmann (if male) or Landeshauptfrau (if female) (German: [ˈlandəsˌhaʊptman] ⓘ, "state captain", plural Landeshauptleute, German: [ˈlandəsˌhaʊ̯ptlɔɪ̯tə] ⓘ) is the chairman of a state government and the supreme official of an Austrian state and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino. Their function is equivalent to that of a minister-president or premier. Until 1933 the term was also used in Prussia for the head of government of a province, in the modern-day states of Germany (with the exceptions of the city-states) the counterpart to Landeshauptmann is the Ministerpräsident (minister-president).
The Felix Culpa
The Felix Culpa was a four-piece band from Rockford, Illinois on the Illinois/Wisconsin border.  Best described as a Progressive Indie band with post-hardcore elements, they had released two full-length albums ("Commitment" and "Sever Your Roots"), an EP/DVD combo ("Thought Control"), a digital EP ("SoSo Remission") and were signed to No Sleep Records.  The band has since broken up and they played their last show on December 9, 2011, though later staging a live reunion in 2014.

No Sleep Records
No Sleep Records was an American independent record label in Huntington Beach, California. They were founded by Chris Hansen in 2006 and have released records by artists including Balance and Composure, La Dispute, and The Wonder Years. They have released free sampler albums on the internet on a number of occasions and the label closely associates itself with vegan lifestyle and the revived interest in vinyl record sales. On June 25, 2024 it was announced that No Sleep Records would be shutting down.
Datasphere
The datasphere is a multidisciplinary concept that first appeared in the 1980s. While many terms have been adopted to describe the digital world – terms such as the Internet, cyberspace, metaverse – the various concepts of the datasphere seem to address the growing dependency of human activities on data, as well as approach the digital world in a holistic manner. Related terms include data economy, data governance, data commons, and data management.

Data economy
A data economy is a global digital ecosystem in which data is gathered, organized, and exchanged by a network of companies, individuals, and institutions to create economic value. The raw data is collected by a variety of factors, including search engines, social media websites, online vendors, brick and mortar vendors, payment gateways, software as a service (SaaS) purveyors, and an increasing number of firms deploying connected devices on the Internet of Things (IoT). Once collected, this data is typically passed on to individuals or firms, often for a fee. In the United States, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and other agencies have developed early models to regulate the data economy.: 531–32

Storing and securing collected data represent a significant portion of the data economy.
Velyki Hrybovychi
Velyki Hrybovychi (Ukrainian: Вели́кі Грибо́вичі) is a village in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. It belongs to Lviv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population of the village is about 1232 people. Local government is administered by Hrybovytska village council.

Lviv Raion
Lviv Raion (Ukrainian: Львівський район) is a raion (district) of Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It was created on 18 July 2020 as part of Ukraine's administrative reform. The center of the region is the city of Lviv. The raion was formed by merging four abolished raions, Horodok, Peremyshliany, Pustomyty, and Zhovkva Raions, as well as Lviv Municipality and parts of Kamianka-Buzka and Zolochiv Raions. Population: 1,141,119 (2022 estimate).
Jim Doherty (footballer)
Jim Doherty (13 September 1958 – 4 August 2024) was a Scottish footballer who played as a midfielder.

Doherty began his career with hometown team Kilmarnock, before moving to Clyde in 1981. He enjoyed the best spell of his career at Shawfield, making over 200 appearances in all competitions for the club. He had spells with Queen of the South and Stranraer, before injury forced him to retire in 1990.

Doherty died on 4 August 2024, at the age of 65.

Shawfield Stadium
Shawfield Stadium is a venue in the Shawfield district of the town of Rutherglen, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, located close to the boundary with Glasgow.

Originally a football ground, Shawfield was home to Clyde F.C. from 1898 to 1986. Greyhound racing was introduced in 1932, and the stadium hosted the Scottish Greyhound Derby from 1970 to 1985 and from 1989 to 2019. The Glasgow Tigers speedway team were also based there, from 1988 to 1995 and 1997 to 1998, with the Scottish Monarchs also racing there in 1996. Other sports including boxing and athletics were also staged at Shawfield.

On 19 March 2020, an announcement was made to suspend racing because of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the following two years the majority of trainers moved their greyhounds to other venues as the track became derelict. During October 2022, the stadium's owner Billy King died, ending the likelihood of it ever reopening.
Osvobozhdeniye
Osvobozhdeniye ("Liberation") was a liberal magazine during the final revolutionary years of the Russian Empire, prior to the October Manifesto in 1905. The periodical was established in 1902, and was in clandestine circulation until 1905. It was published in Stuttgart (Germany) and Paris (France), successively.

The publication was on a regular basis smuggled into Russia and enjoyed a wide readership. It advocated the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, alongside the granting of full civil rights in Russia.

Contributors included Pavel Milyukov, who for a short period of time in 1917 would become Foreign Minister, and Pyotr Struve, who perhaps was most influential as editor of Osvobozhdeniye.

Peter Struve
Peter (or Pyotr or Petr) Berngardovich Struve (Russian: Пётр Бернга́рдович Стру́ве, IPA: [pʲɵtr bʲɪrnˈɡardəvʲɪtɕˈstruvʲɪ]; 7 February [O.S. 26 January] 1870 – 22 February 1944) was a Russian political economist, philosopher, historian and editor. He started his career as a Marxist, later became a liberal and after the Bolshevik Revolution, joined the White movement. From 1920, he lived in exile in Paris, where he was a prominent critic of Russian communism.
Yogi Vemana University
Yogi Vemana University  is a university in the Kadapa district with its West Campus at Idupulapaya. Earlier, it was a part of Sri Venkateswara University. It is named after a great thinker, philosopher, and social reformer Yogi Vemana, a Telugu poet and philosopher.

It is located at Mittamedipalli village and Panchayat about 15 km from the Kadapa on the Kadapa-Pulivendla road. The campus is spread over 450 acres (1.8 km2) of land.

Vemana
Vemana, popularly known as Yogi Vemana, was an Indian philosopher and poet in the Telugu language. His poems are known for their use of simple language and native idioms. They discuss the subjects of yoga, wisdom and morality.
Sor Mañón
The Sor River or Sor Mañón flows between the provinces of A Coruña and Lugo, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain.  It is 49 kilometres (30 mi) long.

The river has an impressive waterfall called Augas Caídas in Mañon parish.

The river Sor is the only river with salmon in Galicia, since unlike others it has not yet been dammed to form a reservoir for hydroelectric generation.

The estuary of the River Sor is the Ria do Barqueiro, 5 kilometres (3 mi) long. The river environment, geomorphology, and nearby landscape are of considerable interest.

A Coruña
A Coruña (Galician pronunciation: [ɐ koˈɾuɲɐ] ⓘ; in Spanish: La Coruña [la koˈɾuɲa] ⓘ; also informally called just Coruña; historical English: Corunna or The Groyne) is a city and municipality in Galicia, Spain. With a population of 249,255, it is the 2nd-largest city in Galicia behind Vigo. The city is the provincial capital of the province of A Coruña, having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982.

A Coruña is located on a promontory in the Golfo Ártabro, a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the main industrial and financial centre of northern Galicia, and holds the headquarters of the Universidade da Coruña. A Coruña is the city with the tallest mean-height of buildings in Spain, also featuring a population density of 21,972 inhabitants per square kilometre (56,910/sq mi) of built land area.
Onkivesi
Onkivesi is a  rather large lake of Finland. It belongs to the Vuoksi main catchment area. It is located in the Northern Savonia region and mostly in Lapinlahti municipality. Water in the lake is somewhat brownish partly due to natural inflows and partly due to the location in an agricultural area.

North Savo
North Savo (or Northern Savonia; Finnish: Pohjois-Savo; Swedish: Norra Savolax) is a region in eastern Finland. It borders the regions of South Savo, Central Finland, North Ostrobothnia, Kainuu, and North Karelia. Kuopio is the largest city in the region and Lake Kallavesi is the largest lake in the region.

The region's traditional food is a fish and bacon filling pie called Kalakukko.
Canton of Cachan
The canton of Cachan is an administrative division of the Val-de-Marne department, Île-de-France region, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Cachan.

It consists of the following communes:

Arcueil

Cachan

Val-de-Marne
Val-de-Marne (French pronunciation: [val də maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Marne') is a department of France located in the Île-de-France region. Named after the river Marne, it is situated in the Grand Paris metropolis to the southeast of Paris’ city centre. In 2019, Val-de-Marne had a population of 1,407,124.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 94.