hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New Ridley
New Ridley is a hamlet in the county of Northumberland, England. It is in the parish of Stocksfield and the parliamentary constituency of Hexham. It is one of four "Ridleys" in the parish, along with Old Ridley, East Ridley and Ridley Mill.

Services in New Ridley include Stocksfield Golf Club and the Dr. Syntax public house. The pub is named after a racehorse of the same name which was in turn named after a fictional character created by the writer William Combe.

Hexham (UK Parliament constituency)
Hexham is a constituency in Northumberland represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Joe Morris of the Labour Party. As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

The seat was created as one of four single member divisions of the county of Northumberland under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.
Cecil Dorrian
Cecil Inslee Dorrian was one of eighteen women whom the American Expeditionary Forces accredited as visiting war correspondents during World War I. She wrote about the war in France and England for the Newark Evening News, beginning in 1914, and her work often ran on the front page. When Dorrian died, in 1926, a front-page article in the Newark Evening News claimed that she had been “the first accredited American woman war correspondent to reach
the battlefront in France in 1918.”

American Expeditionary Forces
The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was a formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War I, composed mostly of units from the U.S. Army. The AEF was established on July 5, 1917, in Chaumont, France under the command of then-major general John J. Pershing. It fought alongside French Army, British Army, Canadian Army, British Indian Army, New Zealand Army and Australian Army units against the Imperial German Army. A small number of AEF troops also fought alongside Italian Army units in 1918 against the Austro-Hungarian Army. The AEF helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive (at the Battle of Château-Thierry and Battle of Belleau Wood) in the summer of 1918, and fought its major actions in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in the latter part of 1918.
Richard B. Hetnarski
Richard B. Hetnarski (May 31, 1928 – June 8, 2024) was a Polish-born American academic and translator who was a professor in the department of mechanical engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology. He was an ASME Fellow since 1983 and a New York State Licensed Professional Engineer since 1976. He is best known for his contributions to the fields of Thermal Stresses and Thermoelasticity.

Thermal stress
In mechanics and thermodynamics, thermal stress is mechanical stress created by any change in temperature of a material. These stresses can lead to fracturing or plastic deformation depending on the other variables of heating, which include material types and constraints. Temperature gradients, thermal expansion or contraction and thermal shocks are things that can lead to thermal stress. This type of stress is highly dependent on the thermal expansion coefficient which varies from material to material. In general, the greater the temperature change, the higher the level of stress that can occur. Thermal shock can result from a rapid change in temperature, resulting in cracking or shattering.
Desperately Seeking Something
Desperately Seeking Something is a British television series first broadcast on 6 November 1995, presented by travel writer and presenter Pete McCarthy. In it, McCarthy looked at various spiritual practices from across the globe, looking at both long standing traditional beliefs as well as 'alternate' religions which began to flourish in the 1990s. He met a variety of practitioners and participated in their rituals. It ran for three series, with the first two series focusing on practitioners located in the British Isles. The second series looked more at Christian and Pagan sects, including the Fellowship of Isis and the Golden Dawn. The third series saw him looking at world traditional beliefs like Australian Aboriginal beliefs and Hawaiian religion.

Before going on what would be referred to as a "spiritual journey", McCarthy said "I've taken on the role of everyman, I'm like lots of people who have given up religion and never replaced it with anything else."

Fellowship of Isis
The Fellowship of Isis (FOI) is a multi-faith spiritual organization focused on increasing awareness for the Goddess Isis. The Fellowship of Isis believes Isis best represents the energies of the dawning Aquarian Age. Despite worshipping pagan deities, the fellowship does not consider itself to be a Neopagan faith.
Baconique meal
A baconique meal (French: repas baconique) was a French meal consisting entirely of various preparations of pork, either fresh or salt. The term was supposedly in use until the sixteenth century, and "proves that the word bacon is indeed a word of French origin" according to Larousse.

Bacon
Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork made from various cuts, typically the belly or less fatty parts of the back. It is eaten as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), used as a central ingredient (e.g., the BLT sandwich), or as a flavouring or accent.

Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant, and may also be used to insulate or flavour roast joints by being layered onto the meat. The word is derived from the Proto-Germanic *bakkon, meaning 'back meat'.

Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as, for example, "turkey bacon". Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations as both religions prohibit the consumption of pork. Vegetarian bacons such as "soy bacon" also exist.
Faustino Soto Ramos
Faustino Soto Ramos (born 14 November 1965) is a Mexican politician from the Party of the Democratic Revolution. From 2006 to 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the Federal District.

LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LX Legislature (60th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 1, 2006, to September 1, 2009. All members of both the lower and upper houses of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2006.
Quantum Computation Language
Quantum Computation Language (QCL) is one of the first implemented quantum programming languages. The most important feature of QCL is the   support for user-defined operators and functions. Its syntax resembles the syntax of the C programming language and its classical data types are similar to primitive data types in C. One can combine classical code and quantum code in the same program.

The language was created before there were multi-qubit quantum computers and the only implementation of QCL uses an interpreter with a built-in classically simulated quantum computer.

QCL was created to explore programming concepts for quantum computers.

The QCL library provides standard quantum operators used in quantum algorithms such as:

Controlled-not with many target qubits,

Hadamard operation on many qubits,

Phase and controlled phase.

Quantum algorithms for addition, multiplication and exponentiation with binary constants (all modulus n)

The quantum fourier transform

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
Estonia at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Estonia participated in the XI. Summer Paralympic Games in Sydney, Australia. It won 1 gold, 1 silver and 3 bronze medals. Estonian team representatives were president of Estonian Paralympic Committee Toomas Vilosius, Estonian Minister of Social Affairs Eiki Nestor, secretary member Are Eller and  coaches Õnne Pollisinski and Rein Põldme.

Estonia entered 10 athletes in the following sports:

Athletics: 2 females and 2 males

Sailing: 1 male

Shooting: 1 male

Swimming: 4 females

Rein Põldme
Rein Põldme (born 12 January 1937) is an Estonian rower, swimming coach and sport pedagogue.

He was born in Rakvere and graduated from Tartu University's Institute of Physical Education in 1958.

He started his swimming training in 1951 and took up rowing in 1954, under the guidance of Ülo Tölp. Between 1956 and 1957, he became 2-times Estonian champion in rowing.

From 1958 to 1964, he worked in Tartu as a sport theoretician. He later served as a physical education pedagogue in several schools in Tartu, including in disability schools.

Since 1965, he has been coaching para swimmers. His notable students include: Nadežda Maksimova, Tiiu Mallene-Sarv, Vilma Nugis, Marge Kõrkjas, Annika Raide, Paul Sepping, Ado Arukask, Mart Soomre, Virgo Kais.

Awards:

1988: Merited Coach of Estonian SSR

2014: Order of the White Star, V class

2020: (Estonian: Eesti Kultuurkapitali kehakultuuri ja spordi sihtkapitali aastapreemia)
Reactions to the November 2015 Paris attacks
On the night of 13 November 2015, Paris suffered a series of terror attacks. In reaction to those events, many individuals, governments, and other organisations around the world expressed their solidarity with France and with the victims. Many world leaders issued statements, mostly strongly condemning the attacks and vowing to stand by and support France. Public vigils took place in many international cities, and a number of world landmarks were illuminated in the colours of the French flag. Members of the public expressed their solidarity through social media by sharing images, notably the "Peace for Paris" symbol, designed by the French graphic designer Jean Jullien, and through the slogans, "Pray for Paris" and "Je suis Paris" (itself a reference to the phrase "Je suis Charlie", which was shared widely in the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo shootings in Paris on 7 January 2015).

Sigmar Gabriel
Sigmar Hartmut Gabriel (born 12 September 1959) is a German politician who was the Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2017 to 2018 and the vice-chancellor of Germany from 2013 to 2018. He was Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 2009 to 2017, which made him the party's longest-serving leader since Willy Brandt. He was the Federal Minister of the Environment from 2005 to 2009 and the Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy from 2013 to 2017. From 1999 to 2003 Gabriel was Minister-President of Lower Saxony.

He represented Salzgitter – Wolfenbüttel in the Bundestag.

Gabriel is a member of the Seeheimer Kreis, an official internal grouping of the party with liberal economic positions.
Kingboard Holdings
Kingboard Holdings Limited, formerly known as Kingboard Chemical Holdings Limited  (SEHK: 148) is a manufacturer of laminates. Owned by Paul Cheung Kwok Wing's family, the company manufactures and distributes laminates, copper foil, coke, methanol, caustic soda, glass fabric, glass yarn, bleached craft paper, printed circuit boards, chemicals, liquid crystal displays, and magnetic products, as well as investing surplus funds in real estate assets globally. The group operates more than 60 manufacturing facilities in China and Thailand. It is headquartered in Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Yarn
Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed for needlework. Yarn can be made of a number of natural or synthetic materials, and comes in a variety of colors and thicknesses (referred to as "weights"). Although yarn may be dyed different colours, most yarns are solid coloured with a uniform hue.
Parvulastra
Parvulastra is a genus of starfish belonging to the family Asterinidae. The species of this genus are found in Southern Hemisphere.

The genus shows an unusual reproductive mode within Asterinidae: Parvulastra parvivipara and Parvulastra vivipara are viviparous. Prior to their description as distinct species, they were considered variants of Parvulastra exigua, which has free-living (but non-feeding) larvae.

Viviparity
In animals, viviparity is the development of the embryo inside the body of the mother, with the maternal circulation providing for the metabolic needs of the embryo's development, until the mother gives birth to a fully or partially developed juvenile that is at least metabolically independent. This is opposed to oviparity, where the embryos develop independently outside the mother in eggs until they are developed enough to break out as hatchlings; and ovoviviparity, where the embryos are developed in eggs that remain carried inside the mother's body until the hatchlings emerge from the mother as juveniles, similar to a live birth.
132nd New York State Legislature
The 132nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 6 to April 30, 1909, during the third year of Charles Evans Hughes's governorship, in Albany.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Asif Bashir Bhagat
Asif Bashir Bhagat (Urdu: آصف بشیر بھاگٹ) was born in Bhagat village, Tehsil Phalia, in Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab, Pakistan.  He was elected as Member Provincial Assembly of the Punjab in the 2008 general elections against PML-N candidate Pir Syed Tariq Yaqoob Rizvi and PML-Q's candidate Basma Riaz Choudhry from the Constituency PP-117 (Mandi Bahuddin-II) and served as chairman Standing Committee on Sports.

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, also known as the Punjab Assembly, is the supreme legislative body of Punjab, a province of Pakistan. It convenes at the Assembly Building in Lahore, the capital of Punjab. It is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives; and was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and 8 reserved for non-Muslims.
Borzi
Borzi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonino Borzì (1852–1921), Italian botanist

Phyllis Borzi, former Assistant Secretary for Employee Benefits Security of the United States Department of Labor

Phyllis Borzi
Phyllis C. Borzi was the Obama administration's Assistant Secretary for Employee Benefits Security of the United States Department of Labor, the official in charge of the Employee Benefits Security Administration.
Mapfre
Mapfre, S.A. (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmafɾe], officially typeset MAPFRE) is a Spanish multinational insurance company, based in Majadahonda, Madrid. The name comes from the old mutual origin of the company (Mutualidad de la Agrupación de Propietarios de Fincas Rústicas de España), but the company now only refers to itself as Mapfre. It is the leading insurance company in Spain and the largest non-life insurance company in Latin America.

The company purchased Webster, Massachusetts–based Commerce Insurance Group, a major provider of vehicle insurance, for over €1.5 billion in October 2007. Mapfre was listed in the Fortune Global 500 list on its 2008 edition. Rafael Nadal is officially sponsored by the company.

In October 2010, Mapfre acquired British travel insurance provider InsureandGo for an undisclosed sum.  The company was sold again in 2021.

In March 2012, Antonio Huertas took over as Mapfre's chairman from José Manuel Martínez, who had held the role since 2001.

Vehicle insurance
Vehicle insurance (also known as car insurance, motor insurance, or auto insurance) is insurance for cars, trucks, motorcycles, and other road vehicles. Its primary use is to provide financial protection against physical damage or bodily injury resulting from traffic collisions and against liability that could also arise from incidents in a vehicle. Vehicle insurance may additionally offer financial protection against theft of the vehicle, and against damage to the vehicle sustained from events other than traffic collisions, such as vandalism, weather or natural disasters, and damage sustained by colliding with stationary objects. The specific terms of vehicle insurance vary with legal regulations in each region.
Acropteroxys gracilis
Acropteroxys gracilis, the slender lizard beetle, is a species of lizard beetle in the family Erotylidae. It is found in Central America and North America, including into Canada.

With a body length range of 6-12mm, it is narrower and shorter than its relative, A. lecontei, the only other currently described species within this genus.

It is reported to feed upon ambrosia plant species such as the common ragweed. Members of this plant genus are serious agricultural pests and so this insect species has been investigated for potential use as a biocontrol agent. However, A. gracilis is considered an economic pest due to its activity boring into the stems of Trifolium pratense (red clover), Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Melilotus spp. (sweet clover) as well as a number of other plants in the Asteraceae, Poaceae and Urticaceae families.

Trifolium pratense
Trifolium pratense (from Latin prātum, meaning meadow), red clover, is a herbaceous species of flowering plant in the bean family, Fabaceae. It is native to the Old World, but planted and naturalised in many other regions.
Valley View University
Valley View University is a private university with campuses located at Oyibi (Accra), Kumasi and Techiman (Sunyani) respectively in the Greater Accra, Ashanti and Bono East regions of Ghana. It forms part of a worldwide system of over 100 tertiary institutions operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.

Silver Spring, Maryland
Silver Spring is a census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, near Washington, D.C. Although officially unincorporated, it is an edge city with a population of 81,015 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous place in Maryland after Baltimore, Columbia, Germantown, and Waldorf.

Downtown Silver Spring, located next to the northern tip of Washington, D.C., is the oldest and most urbanized area of Silver Spring, surrounded by several inner suburban residential neighborhoods inside the Capital Beltway. Many mixed-use developments combining retail, residential, and office space have been built since 2004.

Silver Spring takes its name from a mica-flecked spring discovered there in 1840 by Francis Preston Blair, who subsequently bought much of the area's surrounding land. Acorn Park, south of downtown, is believed to be the site of the original spring.
Markus Ljungh
Markus Ljungh (born 11 January 1991) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with Linköping HC of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

Ljungh signed on for Djurgården in May 2012 and also extended the contract for an additional two years in September 2014. He previously played for Västerås IK in the HockeyAllsvenskan. In 2011 Ljungh was awarded 'Guldgallret' as the best junior player in HockeyAllsvenskan. In 2018, Ljungh signed with HV71.

HockeyAllsvenskan
HockeyAllsvenskan (previously Allsvenskan and SuperAllsvenskan) is a professional ice hockey league, and the second-highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system, after the SHL. Since the 2009–10 season, the league has consisted of fourteen teams.
1999 Cricket World Cup squads
This is a list of the final 15-man squads named for the 1999 Cricket World Cup in England which took place from 14 May 1999 to 20 June 1999, in order of the jersey number worn. Each team had to number the players from 1 to 15, with captains usually wearing the number 1 jersey. The oldest player at the 1999 Cricket World Cup was Ian Philip (40) of Scotland while the youngest player was Mohammad Sheikh (18) of Kenya.

Mohammad Sheikh
Mohammad Sheikh (born 29 August 1980) is a former Kenyan cricketer who has played One-Day Internationals and first-class cricket for the Kenyan national side. He is a left-handed batsman and a slow left arm orthodox bowler.

Sheikh took part in the senior Cricket World Cup of 1999, while just eighteen and still at school, and, the following year, took part in the Under-19s Cricket World Cup. He has since visited England to play in Hertfordshire. Presently he is living in South Australia and plays for the Payneham Cricket Club.

Sheikh did not play any cricket since 2005.
Papyrus 125
Papyrus 125, also known as P. Oxy. 4934, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the First Epistle of Peter in a fragmentary condition. It is designated by the siglum 𝔓125 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the late 3rd or early 4th century.: 17

Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.

In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts).
Cerothallia yarraensis
Cerothallia yarraensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt, as Caloplaca yarraensis. Kondratyuk and colleagues transferred it to the genus Cerothallia in 2014.

The lichen has a small, indistinct grey to dark grey thallus measuring 2–9 mm in diameter, raised apothecia, and a well-developed thalline exciple. The type specimen was collected on the eastern edge of Yarra Yarra Lake near Carnamah; the species epithet yarraensis refers to this location. At the type locality, the lichen was found growing on twigs of the plant Halsarcia. It has also been recorded growing on Banksia and Leucopogon  parviflorus. Associated lichen species include Caloplaca wilsonii and C. kaernefeltii. Cerothallia yarraensis occurs in a few localities in Western Australia, Tasmania, and Victoria.

Sergey Kondratyuk
Sergey Yakovlevich Kondratyuk (Ukrainian: Сергій Якович Кондратюк) (born 17 May 1959) is a Ukrainian botanist specialising in lichenology. His research deals with the taxonomy, floristics, ecology and geography of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. He has worked at the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for more than 40 years. In 2014 Kondratyuk was awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology.