hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HNoMS Glommen (1916)
The minelayer HNoMS Glommen was built for the Royal Norwegian Navy during World War I, as the lead ship of the two ship Glommen class of mine layers. Her sister ship was Laugen.
Glommen and her sister ship were kept in service until the German invasion of Norway in 1940. Glommen surrendered to the Germans on 14 April 1940, and was rebuilt as a floating anti-aircraft battery. She was scuttled at Kirkenes in 1944 by the retreating Germans.

Glommen was built at Akers mekaniske verksted in Kristiania.

She was named after the Glomma - the longest and largest river in Norway.

Glomma
The Glomma or Glåma is Norway's longest and most voluminous river. With a total length of 621 kilometres (386 miles), it has a drainage basin that covers 13% of Norway's surface area, all in the southern part of the country.
Fruit of Paradise
Fruit of Paradise (Czech: Ovoce stromů rajských jíme) is a 1970 Czechoslovak avant-garde drama film directed by Věra Chytilová. It was entered into the 1970 Cannes Film Festival. The film is an adaptation of the Adam and Eve story. This was Chytilová's last film before she was placed on an eight-year ban by the Czechoslovak Government. Fellow Czech screenwriter and costume designer Ester Krumbachová collaborated with Chytilová on the screenplay, costumes, and decor.

1970 Cannes Film Festival
The 23rd Cannes Film Festival took place from  3 to 18 May 1970. Guatemalan author and Nobel Prize laureate Miguel Ángel Asturias served as jury president for the main competition.

The Grand Prix du Festival International du Film, then the festival's main prize, was awarded to M*A*S*H by Robert Altman.

In this edition, Robert Favre LeBret, the founder of the festival, decided not to include any films from Russia and Japan (their flags were also omitted on the Croisette). He was supposedly tired of the "Slavic spectacles and Japanese samurai flicks.". The Russians took back their juror Sergei Obraztsov (head of Moscow puppet theater) and left the jury panel with only eight members.

The festival opened with The Things of Life by Claude Sautet and closed with Le Bal du Comte d'Orgel by Marc Allégret.
Ulysses Simpson Wiggins
Ulysses Simpson Wiggins (1896 – April 8, 1966) was an American doctor, civil rights activist, president of the Camden County branch of the NAACP, and president of the New Jersey Conference of Branches of the NAACP. Wiggins was a proponent of desegregating Camden's schools during his time as president of the Camden NAACP, and he was a well-respected leader in his community.

Cooper University Hospital
Cooper University Hospital is a teaching hospital and biomedical research facility located in Camden, New Jersey. The hospital formerly served as a clinical campus of Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey.

Affiliated with Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, the hospital offers training programs for medical students, medical residents, fellows, nurses, and allied health professions.

In partnership with MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Cooper also operates a comprehensive oncology center serving patients in New Jersey and the Delaware Valley metropolitan region.

Cooper is affiliated with the Coriell Institute for Medical Research and is a tertiary partner for 21 regional hospitals in the Delaware Valley.
FN Model 30-11
The FN Model 30-11 is a Belgian bolt-action sniper rifle, manufactured between 1976 and 1986.

Derived from the FN Model 30, based on the Mauser action dating to the G98, with three-piece bolt and a five-round magazine. The trigger and stock are both adjustable, the stock by means of butt spacers. The furniture is wood. The rifle features a flash hider, as well as a standard rear-folding bipod (same as the FN MAG). The standard sights are micrometer-adjustable iron, but the usual fitting is an Anschütz four-power 28 mm (1.1 in) telescope; a nightscope can be fitted, if desired.

No longer manufactured by FN, the Model 30-11 remains in service with Belgian police and military, as well as military forces in several countries.

Flash suppressor
A flash suppressor, also known as a flash guard, flash eliminator, flash hider, or flash cone, is a device attached to the muzzle of a rifle that reduces its visible signature while firing by cooling or dispersing the burning gases that exit the muzzle, a phenomenon typical of carbine-length weapons. Its primary intent is to reduce the chances that the shooter will be blinded in low-light shooting conditions. Contrary to popular belief, it is only a minor secondary benefit if a flash suppressor reduces the intensity of the flash visible to the enemy.

A flash suppressor is different from a muzzle brake, although they are typically mounted in the same position and sometimes confused with each other. While the former is intended to reduce visible flash, a muzzle brake is designed to reduce recoil inherent to large cartridges and typically does not reduce visible flash.
Mafra, Portugal
Mafra (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmafɾɐ] ⓘ) is a city and a municipality in the district of Lisbon, on the west coast of Portugal, and part of the urban agglomeration of the Greater Lisbon subregion. The population in 2011 was 76,685, in an area of 291.66 km2.

It is mostly known for the sumptuous Mafra National Palace inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built in the baroque style, the Mafra National Palace also inspired Portuguese Nobel Prize laureate José Saramago to write his novel Baltasar and Blimunda (Memorial do Convento). Other points of interest around the municipality include the Tapada Nacional de Mafra (also part of the UNESCO site), an enclosed wildlife and game reserve, and Ericeira's World Surf Reserve, the second in the world.

Grande Lisboa
Grande Lisboa (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɡɾɐ̃dɨ liʒˈβoɐ]) or Greater Lisbon is a Portuguese NUTS II and III region and subregion. It was previously only a NUTS III subregion integrated in the Lisboa Region and, previously, in the Lisboa e Vale do Tejo until it was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision. It was revived as both a NUTS 2 and 3 overlapped circumscription in the 2024 revision. It is part of the historical Estremadura Province. It includes the capital and prime city of Portugal, Lisbon (Lisboa in Portuguese). It is the main economical subregion of the country. It covers 1,376 km2 and it is the most populous and most densely populated Portuguese subregion (2,156,612 inhabitants and 1,551.6 inhabitants/km2).
Toledo, Arkansas
Toledo is an unincorporated community in Cleveland County, Arkansas, United States. From 1873 to 1891, the community served as the county seat. During the town's heyday, there were several businesses and a school. In 1882 the railroad bypassed the community and the county seat moved to Rison. People moved away and the once-thriving town reverted to farmland.

Cleveland County, Arkansas
Cleveland County (formerly known as Dorsey County) is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Its population was 7,550 at the 2020 U.S. census. The county seat and largest city is Rison. Cleveland County is included in the Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR Metropolitan Statistical Area. Cleveland County is 598 sq. miles, and ranks 57th of Arkansas's 75 counties in terms of size.
Hugh Jones (archdeacon of St Asaph)
Hugh Jones (c. 1816 – 1897) was a Welsh Anglican clergyman, who had previously been an academic at Oxford University.

Jones was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, matriculating on 25 October 1832 at the age of 17.  He was a scholar from 1834 to 1839, obtaining his B.A. degree in 1836 and his M.A. degree in 1839. He then became a Fellow of Jesus College, holding his fellowship form from 1839 to 1844, before being appointed by the college to the benefice of Holywell, Flintshire.  He was rector of the parish for 24 years.  He was later the rector of Llanrwst. He was appointed as a prebendary of St Asaph's Cathedral in 1850 and became a residentiary canon in 1860.  He was appointed Archdeacon of St Asaph in 1892.  His death at the age of 81 was announced in The Times on 19 June 1897.

Holywell, Flintshire
Holywell (/ˈhɒliwɛl/ HOLL-ee-wel; Welsh: Treffynnon) is a market town and community in Flintshire, Wales. It lies to the west of the estuary of the River Dee. The community includes Greenfield. In 2011, it had a population of 8,886.
Sada News Agency
The Sada News Agency (Arabic: وكالة صدى الإعلام للانباء), or SNA, is one of the Iraqi news agencies, one of the media sectors of the Iraqi Media Network is linked directly to the Federation of Journalists of Iraq, its headquarters in Baghdad and has branches and centers inside Iraq only. And certified in the Federation of Journalists of Iraq No. (1530) for the year 2008.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
Schrott
Schrott is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Schrott (born 1981), Austrian footballer and manager

Beate Schrott (born 1988), Austrian hurdler

Erwin Schrott (born 1972), Uruguayan opera singer

Karl Schrott (born 1953), Austrian luger

Raoul Schrott, Austrian poet

Karl Schrott
Karl Schrott (born 9 January 1953) is a former luger from Austria who competed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He won the bronze medal in the men's doubles event at the 1980 Winter Olympics of Lake Placid, New York, together with partner Georg Fluckinger.

Schrott's best overall Luge World Cup finish was second twice in the men's doubles event (1978-9, 1979–80).
Lanthanide compounds
Lanthanide compounds are compounds formed by the 15 elements classed as lanthanides. The lanthanides are generally trivalent, although some, such as cerium and europium, are capable of forming compounds in other oxidation states.

Europium
Europium is a chemical element; it has symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It is a silvery-white metal of the lanthanide series that reacts readily with air to form a dark oxide coating. Europium is the most chemically reactive, least dense, and softest of the lanthanides. It is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Europium was discovered in 1896, provisionally designated as Σ; in 1901, it was named after the continent of Europe. Europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3, like other members of the lanthanide series, but compounds having oxidation state +2 are also common. All europium compounds with oxidation state +2 are slightly reducing. Europium has no significant biological role but is relatively non-toxic compared to other heavy metals. Most applications of europium exploit the phosphorescence of europium compounds. Europium is one of the rarest of the rare-earth elements on Earth.
Bardstown station
The Bardstown station, also known as Old L & N Station, is a historic railroad station on the National Register of Historic Places in the northernmost section of the Bardstown Historic District of Bardstown, Kentucky. Long owned by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N), it is currently used as the station for the My Old Kentucky Dinner Train, owned by the R.J. Corman Railroad Group.

Bardstown, Kentucky
Bardstown is a home rule-class city in Nelson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 13,567 in the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Nelson County.

Bardstown is named for the pioneering Bard brothers. David Bard obtained a 1,000-acre (400 ha) land grant in 1785 in what was then Jefferson County, Virginia. William Bard surveyed and platted the town. It was originally chartered as Baird's Town in 1788, and has been known as Beardstown, and Beards Town. The production of bourbon whiskey is a major industry.
Joint Examining Board
Joint Examining Board (JEB) was founded in 1912 by J. H. Pitman (of Pitman shorthand fame), JEB offers a range of up-to-date qualifications to support information and communication technologies (ICT) teaching and the skills development of staff in FE, schools, and other organisations. JEB uses Distance Learning to deliver its course material. A number of training colleges in the UK and Ireland run specific courses aimed at facilitating students attaining the JEB qualifications. JEB is part of the JHP Group.

There are a number of JEB qualifications aligned to the UK National Qualifications Framework (NQF).

National qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom
The national qualification frameworks in the United Kingdom are qualifications frameworks that define and link the levels and credit values of different qualifications.

The current frameworks are:

The Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF) for general and vocational qualifications regulated by Ofqual in England and the Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) in Northern Ireland;

The Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales (CQFW) in Wales, regulated by Qualifications Wales;

The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF)  in Scotland;

The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (FHEQ) for qualifications awarded by bodies across the United Kingdom with degree-awarding powers.

Credit frameworks use the Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme, where 1 credit = 10 hours of nominal learning.
Adélie Cove
Adélie Cove is a 186-ha tract of ice-free land on the coast of Terra Nova Bay in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports populations of seabirds, notably a breeding colony of about 11,000 pairs of Adélie penguins. Some 30 pairs of south polar skuas breed near the penguin colony. The nearest permanent research stations are Italy's Mario Zucchelli 9 km to the north, and South Korea's Jang Bogo 17 km to the north.

South polar skua
The south polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) is a large seabird in the skua family, Stercorariidae. An older name for the bird is MacCormick's skua, after explorer and naval surgeon Robert McCormick, who first collected the type specimen. This species and the other large skuas, such as the great skua, are sometimes placed in a separate genus Catharacta.
Holywell railway station
Holywell was a railway station that served the village of Backworth and nearby hamlet of Holywell in what is now the Borough of North Tyneside, North East England. Located on what is now known as the Northumberland Line, its life as a passenger station was fairly short, it having only been open between 1847 and 1860, but it survived as a goods station until 1965 on the Blyth and Tyne Railway. Between 1860 and its closure, the passenger station was known as Backworth, but the goods station retained its original name.

North Tyneside
North Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, England. It forms part of the greater Tyneside conurbation. North Tyneside Council is headquartered at Cobalt Park, Wallsend.

North Tyneside is bordered by Newcastle upon Tyne to the west, the North Sea to the east, the River Tyne to the south and Northumberland to the north. Within its bounds are the towns of Wallsend, North Shields, Killingworth, Tynemouth and Whitley Bay, which form a continuously built-up area contiguous with Newcastle upon Tyne.
SLC13A5 citrate transporter disorder
SLC13A5 citrate transporter disorder, or SLC13A5 Epilepsy, is a rare genetic spectrum disorder that presents with neurological symptoms. Symptoms include severe seizures, ataxia, dystonia, teeth hypoplasia, poor communication skills, difficulty standing or walking, as well as developmental delay.

SLC13A5 Epilepsy is due to dysfunction of the SLC13A5 gene, typically due to inherited mutations in both copies of SLC13A5. This disorder follows autosomal recessive inheritance patterns. Diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and confirmed by genetic testing.

Individuals with SLC13A5 Epilepsy require an accurate diagnosis to receive proper treatment. Diagnosis and care are critical, as these patients are dependent upon caregivers throughout their lives.

Dystonia
Dystonia is a neurological hyperkinetic movement disorder  in which sustained or repetitive muscle contractions occur involuntarily, resulting in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal fixed postures. The movements may resemble a tremor. Dystonia is often intensified or exacerbated by physical activity, and symptoms may progress into adjacent muscles.

The disorder may be hereditary or caused by other factors such as birth-related or other physical trauma, infection, poisoning (e.g., lead poisoning) or reaction to pharmaceutical drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or stress. Treatment must be highly customized to the needs of the individual and may include oral medications, chemodenervation botulinum neurotoxin injections, physical therapy, or other supportive therapies, and surgical procedures such as deep brain stimulation.
Kaiserwald concentration camp
Kaiserwald (Ķeizarmežs) was a Nazi concentration camp near the Riga suburb of Mežaparks, then part of Reichskommissariat Ostland, in modern-day Latvia.

Kaiserwald was built in March 1943, during the period that the German army occupied Latvia. The first inmates of the camp were several hundred convicts from Germany.

Following the liquidation of the Riga, Liepāja and Daugavpils (Dvinsk) ghettos in June 1943, the remainder of the Jews of Latvia, along with most of the survivors of the liquidation of the Vilna Ghetto, were deported to Kaiserwald.

In early 1944, a number of smaller camps around Riga were brought under the jurisdiction of the Kaiserwald camp.

Following the occupation of Hungary by the Germans, Hungarian Jews were sent to Kaiserwald, as were a number of Jews from Łódź, in Poland. By March 1944, there were 11,878 inmates in the camp and its subsidiaries, 6,182 males and 5,696 females, of whom only 95 were gentiles.

Deportation
Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people by a state from its sovereign territory. The actual definition changes depending on the place and context, and it also changes over time. A person who has been deported or is under sentence of deportation is called a deportee.
Lenaderg
Lenaderg is a small village and townland of 335 acres (136 ha) in County Down, Northern Ireland. It sits on the banks of the River Bann, about two miles from Banbridge and a half mile from the village of Lawrencetown. It is situated in the civil parish of Tullylish and the historic barony of Iveagh Lower, Upper Half. As of the 2001 census, it had a population of 261 people. Lenaderg is within the District of Banbridge.

Its name is derived from the Irish language. One theory is that it comes from Léana Dhearg meaning "red meadow". However, the townland was historically called Laraderick and Laraghderick, which is believed to be derived from Láithreach Deirce.

Banbridge (district)
Banbridge was a local government district in Northern Ireland. The district was one of 26 council areas formed on 1 October 1973, following the implementation of the Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972. The headquarters of the council were in the town of Banbridge. In April 2015, most of the Banbridge district was included in the merged Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon district. Some smaller areas in the east of the district (mostly those of a majority Catholic Population) became merged with the Newry, Mourne and Down District
Lord John Sackville
Lord John Philip Sackville (22 June 1713 – 3 December 1765) was the second son of Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset. He was a keen cricketer who was closely connected with the sport in Kent.

He was member of parliament (MP) for Tamworth from 1734 to 1747.

Tamworth (UK Parliament constituency)
Tamworth is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament, based on the town of Tamworth in Staffordshire, England. The seat is currently represented by Sarah Edwards of the Labour Party, re-elected in the UK 2024 general election.
Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa
The Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa (formally the Constitution Eighteenth Amendment Act of 2023) made South African Sign Language an official language of South Africa.

The bill for the amendment was introduced in the National Assembly on 11 January 2023 by Ronald Lamola, the Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development. It was adopted unanimously by the assembly on 2 May, and signed by President Cyril Ramaphosa on 19 July of the same year.

Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development
The minister of justice and constitutional development is the justice minister in the Cabinet of South Africa. The minister is the political head of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development and the Office of the Chief Justice. DoJCD in turn is responsible for administrative support to the courts, oversight of the National Prosecuting Authority, the provision of legal services to departments of state, and law reform.

The minister was called the minister of justice until 1999, when constitutional matters were added to his portfolio. Between May 2014 and June 2024, the Department of Correctional Services was subsumed under the ministry, which was led by the minister of justice and correctional services. This merger was reversed at the outset of President Cyril Ramaphosa's third cabinet, when a separate minister of correctional services was appointed.
Terroir
Terroir (/tɛrˈwɑːr/; French: [tɛʁwaʁ] ⓘ; from terre, lit. 'lands') is a French term used to describe the environmental factors that affect a crop's phenotype, including unique environment contexts, farming practices and a crop's specific growth habitat. Collectively, these contextual characteristics are said to have a character; terroir also refers to this character.

Some artisanal crops and foods for which terroir may apply include wine, cheese, coffee, single malt whisky, onions, and tea.

Terroir is the basis of the French wine appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) system, which is a model for wine appellation and regulation in France and around the world. The AOC system presumes that the land from which the grapes are grown imparts a unique quality that is specific to that growing site (the plants' habitat). The extent of terroir's significance is debated in the wine industry.

Clarification and stabilization of wine
In winemaking, clarification and stabilization are the processes by which insoluble matter suspended in the wine is removed before bottling. This matter may include dead yeast cells (lees), bacteria, tartrates, proteins, pectins, various tannins and other phenolic compounds, as well as pieces of grape skin, pulp, stems and gums. Clarification and stabilization may involve fining, filtration, centrifugation, flotation, refrigeration, pasteurization, and/or barrel maturation and racking.
Boronia ledifolia
Boronia ledifolia, commonly known as the Sydney boronia, showy boronia or ledum boronia, is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a shrub with simple or pinnate leaves which have a strong odour when crushed, and pale to bright pink flowers. Although difficult to propagate, this boronia is a popular garden plant.

Rutaceae
The Rutaceae (/ruːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.

Species of the family generally have flowers that divide into four or five parts, usually with strong scents. They range in form and size from herbs to shrubs and large trees.

The most economically important genus in the family is Citrus, which includes the orange (C. × sinensis), lemon (C. × limon), grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and lime (various). Boronia is a large Australian genus, some members of which are plants with highly fragrant flowers and are used in commercial oil production. Other large genera include Zanthoxylum, several species of which are cultivated for Sichuan pepper, Melicope, and Agathosma. The family Rutaceae contains about 160 genera.