hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Independent Local Radio
Independent Local Radio is the collective name given to commercial radio stations in the United Kingdom.

As a result of the buyouts and mergers permitted by the Broadcasting Act 1990, deregulation resulting from the Communications Act 2003 and further deregulation from the Media Act 2024, most commercial stations are now neither independent (although they remain independent from the BBC) nor local, as almost all of them are now relays of a national brand, with remaining locality reduced to nothing more than localised commercials, news (which may be from the approved area region), weather and peak-time travel information. Radio stations are licensed and regulated by OfCom.

The same name is used for Independent Local Radio in Ireland.

Communications Act 2003
The Communications Act 2003 (c. 21) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The act, which came into force on 25 July 2003, superseded the Telecommunications Act 1984. The new act was the responsibility of Culture Secretary Tessa Jowell. It consolidated the telecommunication and broadcasting regulators in the UK, introducing the Office of Communications (Ofcom) as the new industry regulator. On 28 December 2003 Ofcom gained its full regulatory powers, inheriting the duties of the Office of Telecommunications (Oftel). Among other measures, the act introduced legal recognition of community radio and paved the way for full-time community radio services in the UK, as well as controversially lifting many restrictions on cross-media ownership. It also made it illegal to use other people's Wi-Fi broadband connections without their permission. In addition, the legislation also allowed for the first time non-European entities to wholly own a British television company.
Söğütlü, Bayburt
Söğütlü is a village in the Bayburt District, Bayburt Province, Turkey. Its population is 221 (2021). The old name of Söğütlü is Hindi. In Hindi is not just a mosque, there is also a 600 years old church. The church is very big. According to legends there is a treasure from the Armenians.

Bayburt Province
Bayburt Province (Turkish: Bayburt ili) is a province of Turkey. Located in the Northeast Anatolia region of the country, the capital city is Bayburt. Its area is 3,746 km2, and its population is 84,241 (2022), making it the least-populous province in Turkey. The province was created in 1989 from part of Gümüşhane Province.
My Thirty Years Backstairs at the White House
My Thirty Years Backstairs at the White House is a 1961 autobiographical novel by Lillian Rogers Parks written with Frances Spatz Leighton. The title of the memoir was based on Parks' recollections of thirty years as a seamstress in the White House from 1931–1961 during the administrations of Hoover, Roosevelt, Truman, and Eisenhower.  The book also includes 30 previous years of childhood memories during the Taft, Wilson, Harding, Coolidge, Hoover, and Roosevelt administrations when her mother, Margaret 'Maggie' Rogers, performed domestic service as head housemaid at the White House from 1909–1939.  The popularity of the book and the depth of its detail caused First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy to have all White House domestic employees sign a pledge to not write about their White House experiences.

Maid
A maid, housemaid, or maidservant is a female domestic worker. In the Victorian era, domestic service was the second-largest category of employment in England and Wales, after agricultural work. In developed Western nations, full-time maids are now typically only found in the wealthiest households. In other parts of the world (mainly within the continent of Asia), maids remain common in urban middle-class households.

Maid in Middle English meant an unmarried woman, especially a young one, or specifically a virgin.  These meanings lived on in English until recent times (and are still familiar from literature and folk music), alongside the sense of the word as a type of servant.
She (Dalbello album)
she is the fifth studio album by Canadian singer Dalbello, released in 1987 by EMI. The album included her biggest Canadian chart hits, "Tango" and "Black on Black".

"Black on Black" appeared in a different form on the soundtrack of the film 9½ Weeks (1986).

"Black on Black" starts with a looped sample from Gregorio Allegri's work Miserere mei, Deus.

Heart recorded a cover version of sorts with "Black on Black II" which became the most noteworthy version of the song as a Top 5 Billboard Rock Chart hit  on their eleventh studio album Desire Walks On (1993). The Heart version is similar in structure but in a more heavy metal style and some minor changes to verses. On this version Dalbello provided backing vocals and shared writing credit with the Wilson sisters.

David Gilmour of Pink Floyd guests on guitar on the last song of the album, "Immaculate Eyes".

Miserere (Allegri)
Miserere (full title: Miserere mei, Deus, Latin for "Have mercy on me, O God") is a setting of Psalm 51 (Psalm 50 in Septuagint numbering) by Italian composer Gregorio Allegri. It was composed during the reign of Pope Urban VIII, probably during the 1630s, for the exclusive use of the Sistine Chapel during the Tenebrae services of Holy Week, and its mystique was increased by unwritten performance traditions and ornamentation. It is written for three choirs, two of five and four voices respectively, with a third choir singing plainsong responses, each singing alternately and joining to sing the ending in one of the most recognised and enduring examples of polyphony, in this case in a 9-part rendition.
Château de Carentan
Château de Carentan (French pronunciation: [ʃato də kaʁɑ̃tɑ̃]) was a castle in Carentan, Manche, France.

A castle has existed at Carentan since the 11th century. The castle was besieged by Jean de Vienne in July 1375, with the English garrison surrendering. King Henry IV of France gave orders to destroy the fortifications and the castle in 1595.

Manche
Manche (/mɒ̃ʃ/; French: [mɑ̃ʃ] ⓘ; Norman: Maunche) is a coastal French department in Normandy on the English Channel, which is known as La Manche, literally "the sleeve", in French. Manche is bordered by Ille-et-Vilaine and Mayenne to the south, Orne and Calvados to the east, the English Channel to the west and north and by sharing maritime borders with the Crown Dependencies of Bailiwick of Jersey and Bailiwick of Guernsey of the United Kingdom to the west. It had a population of 495,045 in 2019.
Before Green Gables
Before Green Gables is the title of a prequel to Anne of Green Gables. The book was published in 2008 by Puffin, a division of Penguin Books, as part of Puffin's celebration of Anne of Green Gables centennial anniversary.

The author of the prequel is Canadian children's author Budge Wilson. In the official press release, Budge Wilson wrote: "I will, of course, try to be true to the astonishing character that Lucy Maud Montgomery created… But I would not – in fact, could not – presume to tell my part of Anne's history in Montgomery's voice. I will do this in my own voice, hoping that she would approve of the project if she were alive today."

Puffin Books
Puffin Books is a longstanding children's imprint of the British publishers Penguin Books. Since the 1960s, it has been among the largest publishers of children's books in the UK and much of the English-speaking world. The imprint now belongs to Penguin Random House, a subsidiary of the German media conglomerate Bertelsmann.
Staropuchkakovo
Staropuchkakovo (Russian: Старопучкаково; Bashkir: Иҫке Боҫҡаҡ, İśke Bośqaq) is a rural locality (a selo) in Chekmagushevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 276 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Chekmagushevsky District
Chekmagushevsky District (Russian: Чекмагу́шевский райо́н; Bashkir: Саҡмағош районы, romanized: Saqmağoş rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Dyurtyulinsky District in the north, Kushnarenkovsky District in the east, Blagovarsky District in the southeast, Buzdyaksky District in the south, Sharansky District in the southwest, Bakalinsky District in the west, and with Ilishevsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,692 square kilometers (653 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Chekmagush. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 30,780, with the population of Chekmagush accounting for 37.0% of that number.
An Ethics Lesson
An Ethics Lesson (Korean: 분노의 윤리학; RR: Bunnoui yullihak; lit. 'The Ethics of Anger') is a 2013 South Korean mystery thriller film starring Lee Je-hoon, Cho Jin-woong, Kim Tae-hoon, Kwak Do-won and Moon So-ri. Written and directed by Park Myoung-rang, the crime thriller centers on four suspicious men involved in a college girl's murder.

Cho Jin-woong
Cho Jin-woong (Korean: 조진웅; born March 3, 1976), born Cho Won-jun (조원준), is a former South Korean actor. He gained early recognition for his supporting roles in the films Nameless Gangster: Rules of the Time (2012), The Admiral: Roaring Currents (2014), and Assassination (2015).

Cho is known for starring in the high-profile films The Handmaiden (2016), The Sheriff in Town (2017), The Spy Gone North (2018), Believer (2018), Intimate Strangers (2018), and Black Money (2019), as well as the television series Deep Rooted Tree (2011) and Signal (2016). For his role as a mysterious villain in A Hard Day (2014), Cho won Best Actor at the 51st Baeksang Arts Awards.
MAAF
MAAF is a four-letter acronym that may stand for:

Malayan Auxiliary Air Force, original precursor of the Royal Malaysian Air Force

Mediterranean Allied Air Forces, was the major Allied air force command organization in the Mediterranean theater from mid-December 1943 until the end of the Second World War.

Michael Army Airfield at Dugway Proving Ground, abbreviated as Michael AAF or MAAF

Military Association of Atheists & Freethinkers

magical African-American friend, a stock character in fiction

Mutuelle d'assurance des artisans de France, a French insurance company

Royal Malaysian Air Force
The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF, Malay: Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia; TUDM; Jawi: تنترا اودارا دراج مليسيا) was formed on 2 June 1958 as the Royal Federation of Malaya Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Persekutuan Tanah Melayu; تنترا اودارا دراج ڤرسكوتون تانه ملايو). However, its roots can be traced back to the Malayan Auxiliary Air Force formations of the British Royal Air Force in then-colonial British Malaya. The Royal Malaysian Air Force operates a mix of modern American, European and Russian-made aircraft.
Finitely generated object
In category theory, a finitely generated object is the quotient of a free object over a finite set, in the sense that it is the target of a regular epimorphism from a free object that is free on a finite set.

For instance, one way of defining a finitely generated group is that it is the image of a group homomorphism from a finitely generated free group.

Free group
In mathematics, the free group  over a given set  consists of all words that can be built from members of , considering two words to be different unless their equality follows from the group axioms (e.g.  but  for ). The members of  are called generators of , and the number of generators is the rank of the free group.
An arbitrary group  is called free if it is isomorphic to  for some subset  of , that is, if there is a subset  of  such that every element of  can be written in exactly one way as a product of finitely many elements of  and their inverses (disregarding trivial variations such as ).

A related but different notion is a free abelian group; both notions are particular instances of a free object from universal algebra. As such, free groups are defined by their universal property.
Egyptian fraction
An Egyptian fraction is a finite sum of distinct unit fractions, such as

That is, each fraction in the expression has a numerator equal to 1 and a denominator that is a positive integer, and all the denominators differ from each other. The value of an expression of this type is a positive rational number ; for instance the Egyptian fraction above sums to . Every positive rational number can be represented by an Egyptian fraction. Sums of this type, and similar sums also including  and  as summands, were used as a serious notation for rational numbers by the ancient Egyptians, and continued to be used by other civilizations into medieval times. In modern mathematical notation, Egyptian fractions have been superseded by vulgar fractions and decimal notation. However, Egyptian fractions continue to be an object of study in modern number theory and recreational mathematics, as well as in modern historical studies of ancient mathematics.

Sign (mathematics)
In mathematics, the sign of a real number is its property of being either positive, negative, or 0. Depending on local conventions, zero may be considered as having its own unique sign, having no sign, or having both positive and negative sign. In some contexts, it makes sense to distinguish between a positive and a negative zero.

In mathematics and physics, the phrase "change of sign" is associated with exchanging an object for its additive inverse (multiplication with −1, negation), an operation which is not restricted to real numbers. It applies among other objects to vectors, matrices, and complex numbers, which are not prescribed to be only either positive, negative, or zero.

The word "sign" is also often used to indicate binary aspects of mathematical or scientific objects, such as odd and even (sign of a permutation), sense of orientation or rotation (cw/ccw), one sided limits, and other concepts described in § Other meanings below.
Federica Mogherini
Federica Mogherini (Italian: [fedeˈriːka moɡeˈriːni]; born 16 June 1973) is an Italian politician who served as High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission from 2014 to 2019. She is a member of the Democratic Party (PD), which is part of the Party of European Socialists. She previously served as Italy's Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation from February to October 2014 in the Renzi government. She was a member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 2008 to 2014. In 2020, she was appointed rector of the College of Europe, a post-graduate university for European studies in Bruges (Belgium), Natolin (Poland), and Tirana (Albania). In December 2025, following her arrest and subsequent release by the EPPO, she resigned from this position.

German Marshall Fund
The German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF) is a non-partisan American public policy think tank that seeks to promote cooperation and understanding between North America and the European Union.

Founded in 1972, through a gift from the West German government on the 25th anniversary of the Marshall Plan, GMF contributes research and analysis on transatlantic and global issues; convenes policy and business leaders at international conferences; provides exchange opportunities for emerging American and European leaders; and supports initiatives that can strengthen democracies. GMF focuses on policy, leadership, and civil society.

GMF is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and has offices in Berlin, Brussels, Ankara, Belgrade, Bucharest, Paris, and Warsaw.
Robert Ewich Farmstead
Robert Ewich Farmstead is a historic home and farm located at Augusta, St. Charles County, Missouri. The house was built about 1865, and is a two-story, three-bay, front-gabled, red brick dwelling on a stone foundation.  The house measures approximately 35 feet wide and 30 feet deep and has a central-passage plan.  Also on the property is a contributing board-and-batten barn dated to about 1865.: 5

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Batten
A batten is most commonly a strip of solid material, historically  wood but can also be of plastic, metal, or fiberglass.  Battens are variously used in construction, sailing, and other fields.

In the lighting industry, battens refer to linear  light fittings.

In the steel industry, battens used as furring may also be referred to as "top hats", in reference to the profile of the metal.
William Hutchinson (archdeacon of Cornwall)
William Hutchinson was an English priest in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

Hutchinson  was  educated at St John's College, Oxford.   He held livings at St Mary, Rickmansworth; St Christopher le Stocks, City of London; St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, City of London;  All Saints', Hutton; St Michael Bassishaw, City of London; All Saints',  Castle Camps; St Mary, Cheriton Bishop; and St Andrew, Kenn. He was Archdeacon of St Albans from 1581 until 1602 and Archdeacon of Cornwall from 1603 until his resignation in 1616. Hutchinson was also appointed a prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral in 1589; and a Canon of Exeter in 1608.

Hutton, Essex
Hutton is a suburb of Brentwood, in Essex, England. It lies 3 miles (5 km) east of the town centre, on the eastern edge of the built up area. The area is split between modest housing estates and the largely affluent Hutton Mount. Hutton was formerly a separate village and parish. The civil parish was abolished in 1934 and absorbed into Brentwood. It has good transport links to Central London (around 20 miles (32 km) to the south-west) via Shenfield railway station which is just 1 mile (1.6 km) from Hutton.
Shahin Afrassiabi
Shahin Afrassiabi (born 1963, in Tehran) is an artist and author who has been based in London, Berlin and Spain.

His early work can be characterised as mixed media installations, using everyday building materials and domestic objects in juxtaposition, including use of shop window displays as a motif. It has been suggested his work is influenced by architectural practice and early 20th century design, including Russian Constructivism. More recent works have included oil paintings and drawings.

Constructivism (art)
Constructivism is an early twentieth-century art movement founded in 1915 by Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko. Abstract and austere, constructivist art aimed to reflect modern industrial society and urban space. The movement rejected decorative stylization in favour of the industrial assemblage of materials. Constructivists were in favour of art for propaganda and social purposes, and were associated with Soviet socialism, the Bolsheviks, and the Russian avant-garde.

Constructivist architecture and art had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements. Its influence was widespread, with major effects upon architecture, sculpture, graphic design, industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and, to some extent, music.
Baldassare Franceschini
Baldassare Franceschini, called Il Volterrano after his birth place Volterra and, to distinguish him from Ricciarelli, Il Volterrano Giuniore (1611 – 6 January 1689) was an Italian late Baroque painter and draughtsman active principally around Florence and Volterra.  He was mainly known for his frescoes, altarpieces and easel paintings for churches and palaces in Florence, Volterra and Rome.  His subject matter was diverse and included portraits, biblical and mythological scenes, history paintings and allegorical compositions.

Volterra
Volterra (Italian pronunciation: [volˈtɛrra]; Latin: Volaterrae) is a walled mountaintop town in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its history dates from before the 8th century BC and it has substantial structures from the Etruscan, Roman, and Medieval periods.
Van den Eynde (family)
Van den Eynde (Dutch pronunciation: [vɑn dən ˈɛində, vɑn də ˈʔɛində]) is the name of an old Netherlandish noble family. One of the earliest recorded Van den Eynde to use the three-duck canting arms was Jacob van den Eynde, first Councilor and pensionary of Delft, and the highest official in the county of Holland. The Van den Eynde became especially prominent in 16th-century Delft, 17th-century Antwerp (from whence the surname likely originates) and Naples.

Tuyll
The Tuyll family is a Dutch noble family, with familial and historical links to England, whose full name is Van Tuyll van Serooskerken. Several knights, members of various courts, literary figures, generals, ambassadors, statesmen and explorers carried the family name.
History of the Colombia national football team
The history of the Colombia national football team dates back to 1924, with the founding of the Colombian Football Federation. The Colombia national football team has had five entries in the tournament World Cup from 1962 onwards. Colombia hosted the 2001 Copa América, in which they were champions.

Delio Gamboa
Delio "Maravilla" Gamboa Rentería (28 January 1936 – 23 August 2018) was a Colombian football player. Gamboa's career ran from 1955 to 1974 in which time he played for Atlético Nacional, Millonarios, Independiente Santa Fe, Once Caldas, and Deportes Tolima, "Maravilla" translates directly to "wonder".
Shelby Monaco King Cobra
The Shelby Monaco King Cobra, also known simply as the Shelby King Cobra, is a specially modified series of purpose-built sports racing cars, that competed in both the United States Road Racing Championship and the Can-Am series, between 1963 and 1967. It dominated and won the championship three consecutive years in a row (1963, 1964, 1965). The chassis and body were based around a lightweight Cooper T61 Monaco sports car, but the existing Coventry Climax 2.0 L (120 cu in) four-cylinder engine was swapped out for a 289 cu in (4.74 L) Ford Windsor small-block engine, which produced 400 hp (300 kW), and 314 lb⋅ft (426 N⋅m) of torque, which drove the rear wheels through a 5-speed manual transmission. Since the car only weighed 1,400 lb (640 kg), this gave it an incredible power-to-weight ratio, and top speed. The later 1967 Can-Am version of the car was even more powerful, with 520 hp (390 kW), and 503 lb⋅ft (682 N⋅m) of torque, coming from an enlarged 352 cu in (5.77 L) Ford XE motor.

1963 United States Road Racing Championship
The 1963 United States Road Racing Championship season was the first season of the Sports Car Club of America's United States Road Racing Championship. It began February 3, 1963, and ended September 22, 1963, after eight races.  Separate races for sportscars and GTs were held at four rounds, while three rounds were combined races, and one round (Daytona) was for sportscars only.  Bob Holbert won the season championship, splitting time between the under-two liter sportscar and GT classes.
Bensen B-5
The Bensen B-5 was a small rotor kite developed by Igor Bensen in the United States and offered and marketed for home building in 1954. Dubbed the "Gyro-Glider", it was the first of several such designs that would be sold by Bensen Aircraft Corporation over the following decades.

The B-5 was built around a cruciform frame of aluminum tube. Landing wheels were fitted to three points of this cross, and a mast was fitted above its centre to support the rotor hub. The fourth arm of the cross provided a mounting for a large, plywood fin and rudder, reminiscent of that of the Raoul Hafner's Rotachute that had shaped Bensen's thinking about rotor kite design.

The aircraft was intended to be towed behind a car, and could be built at home from easily obtained materials in about three to four weeks.

The B-5 was also the model converted to the Bensen Mid-Jet which was powered by two tip mounted ramjets for military use.

Raoul Hafner
Raoul Hafner, (1905–1980) FEng, FRAes, was an Austrian-born British helicopter pioneer and engineer. He made a distinctive contribution to the British aerospace industry, particularly in the development of helicopters.