hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Feral parakeets in Great Britain
Feral parakeets in Great Britain are wild-living, non-native parakeets that are an introduced species into Great Britain. The population mainly consists of rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri), a non-migratory species of bird native to Africa and the Indian subcontinent, with a few, small breeding populations of monk parakeets, and other occasional escaped cage birds. The origins of these birds are subject of speculation, but they are generally thought to have bred from birds that escaped from captivity or were released.

The British rose-ringed parakeet or ringneck parrot population is mostly concentrated in suburban areas of London and the Home Counties of South-East England. The parakeets breed rapidly and have spread beyond these areas; flocks have been sighted in other parts of Britain. Separate feral rose-ringed parakeet populations exist in and around other European cities.

Home counties
The term home counties describes a number of English counties close to London. There is no precise definition, but the counties bordering London are most likely to be described as members, namely: Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent and Surrey.

Other counties farther from London – Bedfordshire, Hampshire, Oxfordshire, East Sussex and West Sussex – are sometimes also regarded as home counties, due to their proximity to London and connection to its regional economy.

The home counties come with a strong socio-economic stereotype, which characterises its inhabitants as comfortable, conformist middle class people.
Shadow Valley
Shadow Valley is a north to northwest flowing drainage within the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California.  A section of Interstate 15 passes through the valley between Mountain Pass and Halloran Springs.  The valley drains to the north from the west flank of the Mescal Range, the Ivanpah Mountains and, Cima Dome within the Mojave National Preserve. North of I-15 the valley lies between Clark Mountains to the east and Shadow Mountain to the west. To the north of Shadow Mountain, Kingman Wash becomes the main drainage and turns to the west south of the Kingston Range. The Mesquite Mountains and the Mesquite Valley are to the northeast.

Kingston Range
The Kingston Range, sometimes called the Kingston Mountains, is located in Inyo and San Bernardino counties in the Mojave Desert in eastern California. The range reaches a height of 7,323 feet (2,232 m) above sea level at Kingston Peak.

The range is located southeast of the Nopah Range, and north of the Shadow Mountains and Interstate 15. The former community of Halloran Springs is about 22 miles (35 km) south of the Kingston Range. The range stretches about 18 mi (29 km) in a northeast–southwest direction. Tecopa Pass, at 5,100 ft (1,600 m), is located at the northeastern end of the mountains.
Prestige (horse)
Prestige (1903 – after 1923) was an undefeated French Thoroughbred racehorse who won all his 16 races and became a successful sire.

He was the dominant two-year-old in France in 1905, winning all seven of his races including the Omnium de Deux Ans, Prix de Deux Ans, Critérium de Maisons-Laffitte, Grand Critérium and Prix de la Forêt. His opportunities in the following year were limited as his entries in many of the major French races were voided by the death of his breeder, but won all nine of his starts including the Prix Eugène Adam, Prix d'Hédouville and Prix Biennal.

Prix Robert Papin
The Prix Robert Papin is a Group 2 flat horse race in France open to two-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Chantilly over a distance of 1,200 metres (about 6 furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.
Chemical conditioning
In chemistry, conditioning is a process in which chemical reaction factors are stabilized or enhanced. Examples include increasing the quality of a material by using another material (a conditioner) or improving the ability of solids to capture and physically or chemically treat water. There are three main conditioning systems: heat, inorganic compounds and organic polymers.

Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not contain heat. Nevertheless, the term is also often used to refer to the thermal energy contained in a system as a component of its internal energy and that is reflected in the temperature of the system.

Calorimetry is measurement of heat by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in temperature of a body.

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J).
USS Barbel (SS-580)
USS Barbel (SS-580) was the lead ship of her class of submarines in the United States Navy. She was the second Navy ship named for the barbel, a cyprinoid fish, commonly called a minnow or carp.

The contract to build Barbel was awarded to Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine on 24 August 1955 and her keel was laid down on 18 May 1956. She was launched on 19 July 1958 sponsored by Mrs. Bernard L. Austin, and commissioned on 17 January 1959, with Lieutenant Commander Ord Kimzey, Jr., in command.

Bernard L. Austin
Bernard Lige Austin (15 December 1902 – 21 September 1979) was a Vice Admiral of the United States Navy. His career included service in World War II, the Korean War, and the Cold War and command of submarines and surface ship forces, during which he became a distinguished combat commander of destroyers. He also commanded the United States Second Fleet, held numerous diplomatic, educational, and administrative staff positions, and a served a lengthy tour of duty as President of the Naval War College.
Nokes v Doncaster Amalgamated Collieries Ltd
Nokes v Doncaster Amalgamated Collieries Ltd [1940] AC 1014 is a UK labour law case about the common law before the Transfers of Undertakings Directive 2001 and the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006. The case decided that an employee had to consent before a burden was placed on him by a change in employer.

Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006
The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006 (SI 2006/246) known colloquially as TUPE and pronounced TU-pee, are the United Kingdom's implementation of the European Union Transfer of Undertakings Directive. It is an important part of UK labour law, protecting employees   whose business is being transferred to another business.  The 2006 regulations replace the old 1981 regulations (SI 1981/1794) which implemented the original Directive. The law has been amended in 2014 and 2018, and various provisions within the 2006 Regulations have altered.
1927 Penn Quakers football team
The 1927 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as an independent during the 1927 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Lou Young, the Quakers compiled a 6–4 record, shut out five of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 167 to 78. The team played its home games at Franklin Field in Philadelphia.

1927 college football season
The 1927 college football season ended with the Illini of the University of Illinois (7–0–1) being recognized as champion under the Dickinson System. At season's end, the Rissler Cup was awarded to the team that finished first in the "Dickinson ratings", which considered strength of schedule. In the final week, Georgia's "Dream and Wonder team" was upset by Georgia Tech. Georgia had upset Eastern power Yale 14–10. Though most selectors retrospectively named either Illinois or Georgia as their 1927 national champions, over a half-century later Jeff Sagarin, a computer-based selector, named the Texas Aggies as the No. 1 team.

In the Rose Bowl, the Pittsburgh Panthers (8–0–1) were invited to play against the Pacific Coast Conference champion.  Though USC and Stanford had identical records in conference play, Stanford was given a chance to "avenge" its 7–7 tie against Alabama in the previous year's Rose Bowl. Stanford won 7–6.
Showtime Live Shulin
Showtime Live Shulin (Chinese: 秀泰生活樹林店) is a shopping mall in Shulin District, New Taipei City, Taiwan that opened on May 26, 2018. With a total floor area of 37,612.16 m2 (404,853.9 sq ft), it is the first and largest shopping center in the district. The main core stores of the mall include Showtime Cinemas, Uniqlo, Nitori, Muji and various themed restaurants.

Uniqlo
Uniqlo Co., Ltd. (株式会社ユニクロ, Kabushiki-gaisha Yunikuro) (US: /ˈjuːnikloʊ/ YOO-nee-kloh; Japanese pronunciation: [jɯnikɯɾo]) is a Japanese casual wear designer and retailer.
The company is a subsidiary of Fast Retailing Co., Ltd.
Jennifer Fry
Jennifer Fry (born 24 March 1989) is a South African badminton player. She was a 2015 All-Africa Games gold medalist in the mixed doubles event, also won the silver medal in the mixed team event. In 2017, she claimed two gold medals at the 2017 African Championships, won the title in the women's and mixed doubles event.

2017 African Badminton Championships
The 2017 African Badminton Championships or All Africa Championships were held in Benoni, South Africa between 16–23 April, organised by the Badminton Confederation of Africa. At the team event, Egypt won the gold medal after beat South Africa with the score 3-1. Nigeria and Zambia settle for the bronze medal after reach the semi-final round.
Forster v Wilson
Forster v Wilson (1843) 152 ER 1165 is a UK insolvency law and English property law case, concerning the right to set off a debt against an insolvent company. It establishes that a person with a right to set off is not subject to the pooling of assets in insolvent liquidation.

English property law
English property law is the law of acquisition, sharing and protection of valuable assets in England and Wales. While part of the United Kingdom, many elements of Scots property law are different. In England, property law encompasses four main topics:

English land law, or the law of "real property"

English trusts law

English personal property law

United Kingdom intellectual property law

Property in land is the domain of the law of real property. The law of personal property is particularly important for commercial law and insolvency. Trusts affect everything in English property law. Intellectual property is also an important branch of the law of property. For unregistered land see Unregistered land in English law.
Transparent heating film
Transparent heating film, also called transparent heating plastic or heating transparent polymer film is a thin and flexible polymer film with a conductive optical coating. Transparent heating films may be rated at 2.5 kW/m2 at voltages below 48 volts direct current (V DC). This allows heating with secure transformers delivering voltages which will not hurt the human body. Transparent conductive polymer films may be used for heating transparent glasses. A combination with transparent SMD electronic for multipurpose applications, is also possible. It is also a variant of carbon heating film.

Volt
The volt (symbol: V), named after Alessandro Volta, is the unit of measurement of electric potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force in the International System of Units (SI).
Bob the Builder (character)
Bob the Builder, also known simply as Bob, is the titular protagonist of the British animated programme of the same name.  He is a general contractor with his own construction yard in Bobsville (original series), Sunflower Valley (Project: Build It), Fixham Harbour (Ready, Steady, Build!), or Spring City (2015 series) depending on the programme.

Bob's catchphrase is "Can we fix it?", to which other characters reply "yes we can".

Bob has appeared in every episode in the cartoon programme and all related media and has a business partner, secretary, laborer and best friend named Wendy, as well as five main anthropomorphic construction vehicles that help him out: Scoop the backhoe loader, Muck the bulldozer, dumper and dump truck, Lofty the mobile crane, Dizzy the cement mixer and Roley the road roller, together known as the Can-Do Crew. Additional vehicles appear in Project: Build It, Ready, Steady, Build!, and the 2015 series.

Concrete mixer
A concrete mixer (also cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate (e.g. sand or gravel), and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For smaller volume works, portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site, giving the workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens. An alternative to a machine is mixing concrete by hand. This is usually done in a wheelbarrow; however, several companies have recently begun to sell modified tarps for this purpose.

The concrete mixer was invented by Columbus, Ohio, industrialist Gebhardt Jaeger. However Stothert & Pitt's 1885 Price Book records Messers H. Lee & Co used a Lee's Mixer during the construction of the Admiralty Pier at Dover, Kent. Their US Price Book distributor was E. & F. N. Spon, Booksellers, 35 Murray St, New York.
Kid Gavilán
Gerardo González (January 6, 1926 – February 13, 2003), better known in the boxing world as Kid Gavilan, was a Cuban boxer. Gavilán was the former undisputed world welterweight champion from 1951 to 1954 having simultaneously held the NYSAC, WBA, and The Ring welterweight titles. The Boxing Writers Association of America named him Fighter of the Year in 1953. Gavilán was voted by The Ring magazine as the 26th greatest fighter of the last 80 years. Gavilán was a 1966 inductee to The Ring magazine's Boxing Hall of Fame (disbanded in 1987), and was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in the inaugural class of 1990.

Boxing Writers Association of America
The Boxing Writers Association of America (BWAA) was originally formed in 1926 as the Boxing Writers Association of Greater New York. The association's purpose is to promote better working conditions for boxing writers, as well as hold its writers to the highest professional and ethical standards.  The BWAA has a yearly awards banquet where it names fighter, fight, and trainer of the year, among other awards.
Wyoming's 17th State Senate district
Wyoming's 17th State Senate district is one of 31 districts in the Wyoming Senate. The district encompasses part of Teton County. It is represented by Democratic Senator Mike Gierau of Jackson.

In 1992, the state of Wyoming switched from electing state legislators by county to a district-based system.

Teton County, Wyoming
Teton County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 23,331. Its county seat is Jackson. Its west boundary line is also the Wyoming state boundary shared with Idaho and the southern tip of Montana. Teton County is part of the Jackson, WY-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area. Teton County contains the Jackson Hole ski area, all of Grand Teton National Park, and 40.4% of Yellowstone National Park's total area, including over 96.6% of its water area (largely in Yellowstone Lake).
2001 London Marathon
The 2001 London Marathon was the 21st running of the annual marathon race in London, United Kingdom, which took place on Sunday, 22 April. The elite men's race was won by Morocco's Abdelkader El Mouaziz in a time of 2:07:11 hours and the women's race was won by Ethiopia's Derartu Tulu in 2:23:57.

In the wheelchair races, France's Denis Lemeunier (1:42:37) and Britain's Tanni Grey-Thompson (2:13:55) won the men's and women's divisions, respectively.

Around 92,000 people applied to enter the race, of which 43,517 had their applications accepted and 31,156 started the race. A total of 30,066 runners finished the race, comprising 23,259 men and 6807 women.

Denis Lemeunier
Denis Lemeunier (born 12 February 1965) is a French wheelchair racer. He is best known for defeating defending champion Kevin Papworth in the 2001 London Marathon wheelchair race, a feat given that his wheelchair, which normally would take a year to break in, was only 5 weeks old. He competed in the 2004 and 2008 Summer Paralympics, taking a bronze medal in the 4 × 400 metre relay the latter year.
Astorre II Manfredi
Astorre II Manfredi (8 December 1412 – 12 March 1468) was lord of Imola from 1439 and of Faenza from 1443.

He was born in Faenza, the son of Gian Galeazzo I Manfredi. Apart Faenza and Imola, he was Papal vicar at Fusignano and other lands in Romagna together with his brother Gian Galeazzo II. He also fought as captain for several local rulers.

In 1431 he married Giovanna da Barbiano, daughter of the famous condottiero Alberico da Barbiano. His sons Carlo and Galeotto were both lords of Faenza after Astorre's death.

Alberico da Barbiano
Alberico da Barbiano (c. 1344 – 1409) was a condottieri. His master in military matters was the English mercenary John Hawkwood, known in Italy as Giovanni Acuto. Alberico's compagnia fought under the banner of Saint George, as the compagnia San Giorgio.
Saint-Gobain, Aisne
Saint-Gobain (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ɡɔbɛ̃]) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

In 1692, a glass factory was built at the village of Saint-Gobain, giving its name to the Saint-Gobain company.

Aisne
Aisne (/eɪn/ ayn, US also /ɛn/ en; French: [ɛːn] ⓘ; Picard: Ainne) is a French department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. It is named after the river Aisne. In 2020, it had a population of 529,374.
No Limite season 7
No Limite: Amazônia is the seventh season of the Brazilian competitive reality television series No Limite, based on the international reality game show franchise Survivor, which premiered on Tuesday, July 18, 2023, at 10:30 / 9:30 p.m. (BRT / AMT) on TV Globo. An early 15-minute preview of the season aired on July 13.

The season was filmed in the Amazon rainforest, marking the first time No Limite has filmed there. Fernando Fernandes returned for his second season as the host.

On July 7, 2023, Dedé Macedo won the competition over runner-up Raiana Bertoso and third place finisher Yuri Fulý, thus becoming the show's first physical disabled person winner.

Fernando Fernandes de Pádua
Fernando Fernandes de Pádua is a Brazilian paracanoeist and fashion model who has competed since the late 2000s. He won a gold medal in the K-1 200 m A event at the 2010 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Poznań and one year later at the 2011 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Szeged.
Red Party (Dominican Republic)
The Red Party (Spanish: Partido Rojo), also known as the Party of the Regeneration (Spanish: Partido de la Regeneración) and nicknamed together the Tailed Ones (Spanish: Los Coludos), was a historical Dominican political party from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century founded by Buenaventura Báez. Ramón Cáceres and Horacio Vásquez were the main leaders of this party in the 20th century, and as such, during this time the followers of this party were also known as Horacistas.

The symbol of this party, and where its name came from, was a rooster with its tail, where the rivals' symbol Los Bolos was tailless. The Red Party was banned in 1930 after Rafael Trujillo's coup. Founded as a party supporting poor peasants and the low-income masses in urban areas, it was generally more popular amongst citizens than Los Bolos, which tended to be more associated with intellectuals. Its ideological heir is the Social Christian Reformist Party.

Tail
The tail is the elongated section at the rear end of a bilaterian animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage extending backwards from the midline of the torso. In vertebrate animals that evolved to lose their tails (e.g. frogs and hominid primates), the coccyx is the homologous vestigial of the tail. While tails are primarily considered a feature of vertebrates, some invertebrates such as scorpions and springtails, as well as snails and slugs, have tail-like appendages that are also referred to as tails.

Tail-shaped objects are sometimes referred to as "caudate" (e.g. caudate lobe, caudate nucleus), and the body part associated with or proximal to the tail are given the adjective "caudal" (which is considered a more precise anatomical terminology).
St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton
St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton is a 777-bed research hospital and academic health science centre located in Hamilton, Ontario, that is affiliated with the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine of McMaster University as well as Mohawk College. It is part of the St. Joseph's Health System and serves as the regional kidney transplant centre for a population of approximately 1.2 million people.

With three locations in Hamilton, the hospital is known for being one of the top national institutions for robotic surgery and for having one of the largest kidney and urinary programs. It's also first in Canada to partner a mental health worker with police to respond to a 911 crisis call.

Other services include acute care, surgical and outpatient services at three locations.

Mohawk College
Mohawk College of Applied Arts and Technology is a public college of applied arts and technology located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1966, the college currently has five main campuses: the Fennell Campus on the Hamilton Mountain, the Marshall School of Skilled Trades and Apprenticeship Campus in Stoney Creek, the Mohawk-McMaster Institute for Applied Health Sciences at McMaster University., the Centre for Aviation Technology Campus and a Mississauga campus at Square One in partnership with triOS a private career college.

As of 2014, more than 1,000 faculty instructors, 12,500 full-time students, 4,000 apprentices, 46,000 continuing education registrants, and 1,800 international students have studied in more than 130 post-secondary and apprenticeship programs. Since its founding, over 115,000 students have graduated from Mohawk College.

In 2024 Mohawk introduced a layoff plan to cut a significant number of staff due to decreased international student enrolment.
1989 Torneo Internazionale Città di Firenze – Singles
Massimiliano Narducci was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Eduardo Bengoechea.

Qualifier and sixth-seeded Horacio de la Peña won the title by defeating Goran Ivanišević 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Horacio de la Peña
Horacio Armando de la Peña (Latin American Spanish pronunciation: [oˈɾasjo ðe la ˈpeɲa]; born 1 August 1966), nicknamed "el Pulga" ("the Flea"), is a tennis coach and a former tennis player from Argentina, who reached a career-high singles ranking of World No. 31.

De la Peña was born in Buenos Aires. He began playing on the ATP circuit professionally in 1984, when he was 17. He won four ATP World Tour titles in his career, all of which were on clay. He also won six doubles titles – five on clay.

De la Peña is most well known as the former coach of Chilean Fernando González. He was also considered the unofficial captain of the Chilean Davis Cup team.

As well as González, de la Peña has coached other tennis players, like Franco Squillari, Martín Rodríguez, Guillermo Coria, and a number of other Chilean and Argentine tennis players.

De la Peña currently runs occasional tennis clinics in Santiago, Chile, and has his own tennis academy.