hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ural pictograms
The Ural pictograms (Russian: уральские писаницы) are prehistoric pictograms in Ural dated to 3,000–2,000 years BC and located along the coasts of Tagil River, Neyva River, Rezh River, Yurozan River and some other sites. The color of the pictograms is different, varying from ochre, probably mixed up with blood, to lilac and brown, while the thickness is between 10 and 20 mm. The existence of the Ural characters was known long ago. Peter the Great in 1699 ordered the scrivener Yakov Losyov to go there and make an exact copy.

The Ural pictograms span for about 800 km from north to south. The northernmost ones were found on the rivers Kolva and Vishera, while the southernmost ones were detected at Belaya River. The majority of Ural pictograms, however, were discovered along the Tagil River.

Pictogram
A pictogram (also pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto) is a graphic symbol that conveys meaning through its visual resemblance to a physical object. Pictograms are used in systems of writing and visual communication. A pictography is a writing system which uses pictograms. Some pictograms, such as hazard pictograms, may be elements of formal languages.

In the field of prehistoric art, the term "pictograph" has a different definition, and specifically refers to art painted on rock surfaces. Pictographs are contrasted with petroglyphs, which are carved or incised.

Small pictograms displayed on a computer screen in order to help the user navigate are called icons.
Nzeribe
Nzeribe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Nzeribe (1938–2022), Nigerian politician

Gogo Chu Nzeribe (died 1967), Nigerian trade unionist

Sambasa Nzeribe, Nigerian actor, model, and entertainer

Arthur Nzeribe
Francis Arthur Nzeribe Listenⓘ (2 November 1938 – 8 May 2022) was a Nigerian politician who was Senator for the  Orlu Senatorial constituency in Imo State from October 1983 to  December 1983 and May 1999 to May 2007 on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) slate.
Gulliksen
Gulliksen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Geir Gulliksen (born 1960), Norwegian show jumper

Geir Gulliksen (writer) (born 1963), Norwegian poet, novelist, playwright, children's writer, essayist and publisher

Harold Gulliksen (1903–1996), American psychologist

Kevin Gulliksen (born 1996), Norwegian handball player

Rune Gulliksen (born 1963), Norwegian ice hockey player

Tobias Fjeld Gulliksen (born 2003), football player

Victoria Gulliksen (born 1992), show jumper

Geir Gulliksen
Geir Gulliksen (born 9 January 1960) is a Norwegian show jumping competitor.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Gulliksen originally won the bronze medal as part of the Norwegian team in team jumping, together with Morten Djupvik, Stein Endresen, and Tony Andre Hansen. However, the Norwegian team lost its bronze medal and finished tenth following the disqualification of Tony Andre Hansen.
I'm Losing You (novel)
I'm Losing You is a 1996 novel by the American novelist, screenwriter and director Bruce Wagner. Wagner adapted his novel for, and directed, a 1998 film of the same title, starring Frank Langella and Daniel von Bargen. The film adaptation grossed $12,688 in limited release.

Daniel von Bargen
Daniel von Bargen (June 5, 1950 – March 1, 2015) was an American character actor of film, stage and television. He was known for his roles as Mr. Kruger on Seinfeld (1997–1998), Commandant Edwin Spangler on Malcolm in the Middle (2000–2002), and Chief Grady in Super Troopers (2001).
Harthama ibn A'yan
Harthama ibn A'yan (Arabic: هرثمة بن أعين; died June 816) was a Khurasan-born general and governor of the early Abbasid Caliphate, serving under the caliphs al-Hadi, Harun al-Rashid and al-Ma'mun. He played an important role in the victory of al-Ma'mun in the Abbasid civil war, but was executed at his orders when he protested against the power of the Sahlid family that dominated his court.

Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (also French: Encyclopédie de l'Islam and German: Enzyklopädie des Islām; EI is a common abbreviation in all three languages) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.
The Raven Nature Reserve
The Raven Nature Reserve is a Ramsar site and national nature reserve of approximately 1,455.5 acres (5.890 km2) located in County Wexford, Ireland. It is managed by the Irish National Parks & Wildlife Service.

National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)
The National Parks and Wildlife Service (Irish: An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra) manages the Irish State's nature conservation responsibilities. As well as managing the national parks, the activities of the NPWS include the designation and protection of Natural Heritage Areas, Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas.
We're Over
"We're Over" is a song written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, and originally recorded by B. J. Thomas in 1973. American country music artist Johnny Rodriguez released his recording version in September 1974 as the first single from his album Songs About Ladies and Love.  The song peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached number 1 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada.

Barry Mann
Barry Mann (born Barry Imberman; February 9, 1939) is an American songwriter and musician, and was part of a successful songwriting partnership with his wife, Cynthia Weil.

He has written or co-written 53 hits in the UK and 98 in the US.
McKoy
McKoy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Millie and Christine McKoy (1851–1912), siamese twins, "The Two-headed Nightingale"

David McKoy (born 1983), Canadian football player

Grainger McKoy (born 1947), American artist

Lorna McKoy, West Indian cricketer

Mark McKoy (born 1961), Canadian/Austrian hurdler

Nick McKoy (born 1986), English footballer

Noel McKoy, English soul singer

Olivia McKoy (born 1973), Jamaican javelin thrower

Wayne McKoy (born 1958), American basketball player

Wayne McKoy
Wayne McKoy (born March 26, 1958) is an American former professional basketball player. He was a highly recruited high school player during his career at Long Island Lutheran in Brookville, New York, and earned comparisons to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. McKoy played college basketball for the St. John's Redmen from 1977 to 1981 and was a two-time All-Big East Conference selection. He was drafted by his hometown New York Knicks but never played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and instead spent his three-year professional career in Spain.
Ringerikes Blad
Ringerikes Blad (English: Ringerike's Newspaper) is a local newspaper published in Hønefoss, Norway.

Johan Jørgen Krohn founded Ringerikes Blad in 1845. It covers Ringerike, Hole and Jevnaker.
It has a circulation of 12684, of whom 12227 are subscribers.

Ringerikes Blad is published by the company A-pressen Lokale Medier AS, which in turn is owned 100% by Amedia (formerly known as A-press), one of the largest media companies in Norway.

Jevnaker
Jevnaker is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Jevnaker with a population of 4,302.

The parish of Jævnaker was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The area of Lunner was separated from the municipality of Jevnaker on 1 January 1898 to form a municipality of its own. From 2020 to 2023 the municipality belonged to Viken county, it was Oppland before that.

Jevnaker Municipality (together with Gran Municipality and Lunner Municipality) a part of the traditional region of Hadeland. The Hadeland region has a population of about 30,000. The region spreads over a large area including several villages and towns.
Elisha Kriis
Elisha Kriis aka Elisha Patel is an Indian and American film actress and television personality. She has appeared in American, Hindi and Telugu films. In the United States she has starred in, 2018 human trafficking drama BorderCross, alongside Lorenzo Lamas and Danny Trejo, was the main protagonist in the 2018 crime thriller  Body of Sin, played a cyborg in the 2018 SciFi action Ink and Rain, . She has appeared in supporting roles in films like The Recall starring Wesley Snipes and in the trading card comedy feature titled Tournament 2019 starring Ricardo Chavira. In India she has appeared in political drama Wake Up India. action thriller Zanjeer starring Priyanka Chopra, remake of Zanjeer in Telugu Toofan and NDTV Goodtimes adventure travel documentary titled Kingfisher Blue Mile.

The Recall
The Recall is a 2017 science fiction horror film directed by Mauro Borrelli, and written by Reggie Keyohara and Sam Acton King. The film, starring Wesley Snipes, R. J. Mitte and Jedidiah Goodacre, was released on June 2, 2017, in the United States and Canada.
Second Intermedios campaign
The Second Intermedios Campaign (Spanish: Segunda Campaña de Intermedios) was a phase of the Independence of Peru that occurred between May and October 1823. Returning to the plan of the First Intermedios campaign, the Peruvian Army, under the command of General Andrés de Santa Cruz, landed in the so-called "intermediate ports" of southern Peru and entered into Upper Peru (present-day Bolivia), a region dominated by royalist forces under the command of viceroy José de la Serna. After the indecisive battle of Zepita and a campaign described as "no better than the first," the patriots were overwhelmed by the massive royalist attack and retreated to the coast, with the survivors barely managing to embark.

Martin George Guisse
Martin George Guisse, born Martin George Guise (12 March 1780 – 23 November 1828), and later known as Jorge Martín Guisse in Spanish, was a British naval officer who served in Royal Navy in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.  He later served in the Chilean Navy during the Peruvian War of Independence and, as Vice-Admiral, in the Peruvian Navy in the Gran Colombia–Peru War, during which he was killed.
Meat Hope
Meat Hope Inc. (ミートホープ株式会社, Mito Hopu Kabushiki-gaisha) was a meat processing and  wholesaling company headquartered in Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan. It went bankrupt in 2007 after several scandals of fraudulently labeling foodstuffs, including a ground beef fraud scandal.

The fraud came to light after a former executive felt called upon to become a whistleblower. This led to the opening of Japan's Consumer Affairs Agency on September 1, 2009, a month ahead of schedule.

Restructured steak
Restructured steak is a catch-all term to describe a class of imitation beef steaks made from smaller pieces of beef fused together by a binding agent. Its development started from the 1970s. Restructured steak is sometimes made using cheaper cuts of beef such as the hind quarter or fore quarter of beef.

Allowed food-grade agents include:

Sodium chloride (table salt) and phosphate salts. Salt can prevent microbiological growth and make myosin-type proteins more soluble. The allowed amount of phosphate in end products is 0.5% in the United States. It increases the emulsification of fat.

Animal blood plasma

Alginate: Sodium alginate forms an adhesive gel in the presence of Ca2+ ion.

Transglutaminase: an enzyme that helps the forming of cross-binding proteins.
Racer Network
Racer Network (formerly known as MAVTV) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by the motorsports media company Racer, which mainly airs programming focused around motorsports and programming for automotive enthusiasts. CJ Olivares serves as the network's president.

American Motorcyclist Association
The American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) is an American nonprofit organization of more than 200,000 motorcyclists that organizes numerous motorcycling activities and campaigns for motorcyclists' legal rights. Its mission statement is "to promote the motorcycling lifestyle and protect the future of motorcycling." The organization was founded in 1924 and, as of October 2016, had more than 1,100 chartered clubs.

It provides guidance and advice on running events and rallies for clubs and promoters and allows affiliated members to vote on AMA matters. It also has a corporate membership category with representatives from the US motorcycle industry.

The AMA is the official national federation representative (FMN) for the United States of America in the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) and organizes US teams and riders for FIM-sanctioned events, including the International Six Day Enduro, Motocross Des Nations, and Trials Des Nations.
Georgia Wilson (rugby league)
Georgia Wilson (born 23 February 1997) is an English rugby league footballer who plays as a fullback, centre, or winger for Wigan Warriors in the Women's Super League and England at international level.

St Helens R.F.C. Women
The rugby league club St Helens R.F.C. have operated a women's team since they took some women from Thatto Heath Crusaders, and other women's sides in 2017 ahead of the 2018 season. They won four successive Challenge Cups from 2013 to 2016, and again from 2021–2024. The 2016 win formed part of their treble winning season. The side won the 2021 Women's Challenge Cup after beating York City Knights, adding to the four cup titles won as Thatto Heath. That season, they also completed the treble for the second time.

In 2024 the club announced it would become semi-professional, and start making match payments to players, becoming the third British side to do so after Leeds and York who started the season prior.
Francis Henry Shepherd
Francis Henry Shepherd (September 30, 1857 – August 15, 1938) was an English-born civil engineer and political figure in British Columbia, Canada. He represented Nanaimo in the House of Commons of Canada from 1911 to 1917 as a Conservative.

He was born in Yorkshire, the son of George Shepherd and Mary Laurence, and was educated in England. He worked as an engineer at mines in Australia, New Zealand and the United States. Shepherd came to Nanaimo in 1879. In 1880, he married Jane Holden. Shepherd was Chief Inspector of Mines for British Columbia. He died in Creston, British Columbia at the age of 80.

Nanaimo (electoral district)
Nanaimo was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1979.

This riding was created as Nanaimo riding in 1903 from parts of Vancouver and Victoria ridings.

Its legal description when it was created was: "The electoral district of Nanaimo, comprising the provincial electoral districts of Cowichan, Esquimalt, Nanaimo City, Newcastle, Saanich and The Islands."

Nanaimo electoral district was renamed Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands in 1962.
Naanum Rowdy Dhaan (soundtrack)
Naanum Rowdy Dhaan is the soundtrack to the 2015 film of the same name directed by Vignesh Shivan and produced by Dhanush's Wunderbar Films, starring Vijay Sethupathi and Nayanthara. The soundtrack featured six songs composed by Anirudh Ravichander and were primarily written by Vignesh himself, with the exception of one song by Thamarai, with Anirudh, Neeti Mohan, Benny Dayal, Sid Sriram, and Sean Roldan recording the vocals for the album. All the songs in the film were released as a singles and were well received by critics and listeners.

Wunderbar Films
Wunderbar Films is an Indian film production and distribution company established by actor Dhanush and his ex-wife Aishwarya, on 20 May 2010. Based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, it mainly produces and distributes Tamil films, and occasionally Malayalam and Hindi films. The headquarters of the company is in Nungambakkam, Chennai.
Subepithelial mucinous corneal dystrophy
Subepithelial mucinous corneal dystrophy (SMCD), a condition of the eye, is a rare form of corneal dystrophy. It was first described in 1993 by Feder et al. Anterior to Bowman layer, deposits of glycosaminoglycan were detected and identified as chondroitin-4-sulfate and dermatan sulfate.

Chondroitin sulfate
Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars (N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid). It is usually found attached to proteins as part of a proteoglycan. A chondroitin chain can have over 100 individual sugars, each of which can be sulfated in variable positions and quantities. Chondroitin sulfate is an important structural component of cartilage, and provides much of its resistance to compression. Along with glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate has become a widely used dietary supplement for treatment of osteoarthritis, although large clinical trials failed to demonstrate any symptomatic benefit of chondroitin. Fragments of chondroitin chains suspended in water elicit a fear response in many fishes, similar to hypoxanthine-3N-oxide. The basic repeat unit synthesised by the CHSY/CHPF heterocomplex is (GlcAβ1,3GlcNAcβ1,4)n.
Surplusage
In jurisprudence, surplusage is language within a document that has no legal relevance to a cause, and may thus be ignored.

Another use of the term is in statutory interpretation. Where one reading of a statute would make one or more parts of the statute redundant and another reading would avoid the redundancy, the other reading is preferred.

Statutory interpretation
Statutory interpretation is the process by which courts interpret and apply legislation. Some amount of interpretation is often necessary when a case involves a statute. Sometimes the words of a statute have a plain and a straightforward meaning, but in many cases, there is some ambiguity in the words of the statute that must be resolved by the judge. To find the meanings of statutes, judges use various tools and methods of statutory interpretation, including traditional canons of statutory interpretation, legislative history, and purpose.
In common law jurisdictions, the judiciary may apply rules of statutory interpretation both to legislation enacted by the legislature and to delegated legislation such as administrative agency regulations.
Vanessa Spence
Vanessa Spence (born 1961, Kingston, Jamaica) is a Jamaican novelist. Her first novel, The Roads Are Down, won the 1994 Commonwealth Writers' Prize, Best First Novel, Canada and the Caribbean.

She grew up in Jamaica, and studied at the University of Oxford, and Yale University. 
She works as an economist, in Kingston.
She lives in the Blue Mountains.

Blue Mountains (Jamaica)
The Blue Mountains are the longest mountain range in Jamaica. They include the island's highest point, Blue Mountain Peak, at 2256 m  (7402 ft). From the summit, accessible via a walking track, both the north and south coasts of the island can be seen. On a clear day, the outline of the island of Cuba, 210 km (130 mi) away, can also be seen. The mountain range spans four parishes: Portland, St Thomas, St Mary and St Andrew.
Hirtzel Levy
Abraham Hirtzel Levy (died 31 December 1754) was an Alsatian Jew from Wettolsheim, who was falsely accused of theft, tortured, and executed in Colmar.

Alongside three other Jews, Levy faced accusations of having stolen property valued at 3,000 livres from the house of a widow named Madeline Koppinn. Despite all having alibis, Levy and his co-accused were subjected to the judicial practice known as the "ordinary and extraordinary question" (a French euphemism for water cure) Levy maintained his innocence, and was consequently subjected to execution by the breaking wheel the following day.

Prominent Jewish figures of Alsace, convinced of his innocence, pursued an appeal to the Privy Council of Paris. The Privy Council, on 16 June 1755, rendered a verdict that overturned the prior decision, declaring Levy innocent. His remains were removed from the gallows, enshrouded in a tallit, and buried in the Jewish cemetery of Jungholtz.

Wettolsheim
Wettolsheim (French pronunciation: [vɛtɔlsaim] ⓘ) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

It is situated at the eastern margin of the southern Vosges Mountains. The commune is part of the Parc naturel régional des Ballons des Vosges.
Matilda of Flanders
Matilda of Flanders (French: Mathilde; Dutch: Machteld; German: Mechtild) (c. 1031 – 2 November 1083) was Queen of England and Duchess of Normandy by marriage to William the Conqueror, and regent of Normandy during his absences from the duchy. She was the mother of at least nine children who survived to adulthood, including two kings, William II and Henry I.

Dispensation (Catholic canon law)
In the jurisprudence of the canon law of the Catholic Church, a dispensation is the exemption from the immediate obligation of the law in certain cases. Its object is to modify the hardship often caused by rigorous application of general laws to particular cases, and its essence is to preserve the law by suspending its operation in such cases.
Chandrabindoo (film)
Chandrabindoo is a 2025 Indian Bengali-language supernatural drama film. It is produced by Ashok Dhanuka and Himanshu Dhanuka under the banner of Eskay Movies and directed by Raja Chanda. The story, screenplay, and dialogues were written by Aditya Sengupta. The lead roles are played by Ankush Hazra and Oindrila Sen. The supporting cast includes Tulika Basu, Shantilal Mukherjee, Anirban Chakrabarti, and Saheb Bhattacharya.

The film is edited by Subhajit Singha with cinematography by Soumyadipta Guin. The music is composed by Anupam Roy.

Raja Chanda
Raja Chanda is an Indian film director who concentrates on Bengali language film and commercial ad films. He is one of the leading advertising film makers in Kolkata and has made 450+ ad films. His filmworks include Challenge 2, Le Halua Le, Rangbaaz, Savings Account, Magic  and Target: The Final Mission.
Mourning Noise
Mourning Noise is an American horror- and hardcore punk band from Lodi, New Jersey, notable for drummer Steve Zing. Active around the time of the Misfits, Mourning Noise were strongly influenced by the Misfits as drummer Steve Zing lived very close to Jerry Only and Doyle's house and Steve went to high school with Doyle. Their music was typically fast and melodic.
Mourning Noise released only a small amount of material, typically as 7-inch singles, apart from the 1998 collection album Death Trip Delivery. Steve later went on to play for Samhain, Son of Sam, The Undead, Chyna, Doomtree, and later, Danzig.

Samhain guitarist Damien was briefly a member of the band.

Jerry Only
Gerard Caiafa Jr. (born April 21, 1959), better known by his stage name Jerry Only, is an American musician, best known as the bassist for the Misfits and later the vocalist as well. He is the only member to appear in every Misfits lineup except the original.
The Speed Limit
The Speed Limit is a 1926 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Frank O'Connor and starring Raymond McKee, Ethel Shannon, and Bruce Gordon. It was produced by the independent company Gotham Pictures.

Gotham Pictures Company
Gotham Pictures Company was an American movie production business established in San Antonio in 1916 during the silent film era. Marshall W. Taggart was the company's president. Property in Hot Wells, Texas near San Antonio was planned as an area to build a studio for productions. The company transitioned into the sound era and under its then president Sam Sax joined with RCA Photophone to film The Girl from the Argentine. Gotham worked with Bristolphone to wire theaters in 1928.

Along with Rayart, Gotham was one of the significant independent film industry production houses that operated as Hollywood's dominance was still emerging. Tiffany-Stahl was another independent studio. A number of the company's films were released in Britain by Stoll Pictures, a leading distributor in the country.