hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pareshan Khattak
Pareshan Khattak (Pashto: پری شان خٹک), (10 December 1932 – 16 April 2009) real name Gahami Jan Khattak was a former Vice-Chancellor, Pashto poet and writer and former Chairman University Grants Commission.

Born in Karak, Pakistan he joined education department in 1958, after obtaining a master's degree in History, he joined the Pashto Academy as Assistant Research Officer. Due to his exceptional talent and leadership skills, he was then named as Director and then Chairman of the Pashto academy.

Pashto Academy
Pashto Academy (Pashto: پښتو اکېډمي) is a language regulatory institution based at the University of Peshawar in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan responsible for the standardisation, advancement, and promotion of the Pashto language in Pakistan. It was established in 1955 with the support of the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, with Maulana Abdul Qadir serving as its first director. It was created following the precedent the Pashto Tolana in Kabul having been set up in 1937.  It is a research and publication institution with a focus on Pashto linguistic development and research. Areas studied and researched by the academy include Pashtun culture, literature, history, and the arts.
Bodil Steensen-Leth
Bodil Steensen-Leth, née Heide-Jørgensen (born 12 January 1945, Svendborg) is a Danish writer.

She is the daughter of Henning Heide-Jørgensen and graduated from the Svendborg Gymnasium in 1963. After studying at the University of Oregon (1963–1964) and the University of Copenhagen, she married the landowner Christian Vincens Steensen-Leth in 1967 and moved to his Steensgård manorhouse in northern Langeland. At the same time she began a distance-learning course from Odense University, graduating MA in English in 1972.

Only when her children had started to grow up did she find enough time for writing, producing her debut Pandæmonien og andre fortællinger (Pandæmonien and other stories) in 1984. She was also a literary critic for the Jyllands-Posten from 1978 to 1998 and a member of the Modersmålsselskabet's board of directors from 1982 to 1988. She received a one-off payment from the Danish Arts Foundation in 1988 and a grant from them in 1999.

Langeland
Langeland (Danish: [ˈlɑŋəˌlænˀ] ⓘ, lit. 'Long land') is a Danish island located between the Great Belt and Bay of Kiel. The island measures 285 km2 (c. 110 square miles) and, as of 1 January 2018, has a population of 12,446. The island produces grain and is known as a recreational and wellness tourism area. A bridge connects it to Tåsinge via Siø – a small island with a population of approximately 20 – and the main island of Funen (to the northwest). There are connections by car ferry to the islands of Lolland, Ærø, and Strynø.

Rudkøbing, the island's largest town, is the birthplace of famous physicist and chemist Hans Christian Ørsted, his brother, Anders Sandøe Ørsted, a former Danish prime minister, and their nephew, botanist Anders Sandøe Ørsted.

Administratively, Langeland and several smaller islands around it form the Municipality of Langeland, the most populous of them being Strynø.
Siege of Erivan (1808)
The siege of Erivan took place in October and November 1808, during the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813. As in 1804, the Iranians successfully defended the city and forced the Russians to withdraw.

The Russian campaign, launched late in the season and poorly conceived and executed, failed after a six-week siege of the Iranian fortress of Erivan. The Russians had suffered 3,000 casualties with almost 1,000 deaths.

Russian field marshal Ivan Gudovich tried to excuse his defeat by claiming that French military officers had helped the Iranians, but Gudovich's superiors, as modern historian Alexander Mikaberidze explains, "knew better". Tsar Alexander I was severely dissatisfied; when he heard about Gudovich's failure, he named his expedition as "stupid", and without any sort of compassion, sent him into retirement.

George Bournoutian
George A. Bournoutian (Armenian: Ջորջ Բուռնութեան; Persian: جورج بورنوتیان‎; 25 September 1943 – 22 August 2021) was an Iranian-American professor, historian, and author of Armenian descent. He was a professor of history and the author of over 30 books, particularly focusing on Armenian history, Iran and the Caucasus. He taught Iranian history at UCLA, and Armenian history at Columbia University, Tufts University, New York University, Rutgers University, the University of Connecticut, Ramapo College, and Glendale Community College and Russian and Soviet history at Iona College. Bournoutian was one of the 40 editors of the Encyclopaedia Iranica.
1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.202) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

propane-1,3-diol + NAD+  3-hydroxypropanal + NADH + H+

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are propane-1,3-diol and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 3-hydroxypropanal, NADH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is propane-1,3-diol:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde reductase, 1,3-PD:NAD+ oxidoreductase, 1,3-propanediol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, and 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in ether lipid metabolism as a step in glycerolipid biosynthesis.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Gabriele Löwe
Gabriele Löwe (née Kotte; born 12 December 1958, in Dresden) is a retired East German sprinter who specialised in the 400 metres.

At the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow she finished sixth in the 400 metres and won a silver medal in the women's  4 × 400 metres relay with her teammates Barbara Krug, Christina Brehmer and Marita Koch.

She competed for the club SC Einheit Dresden during her active career.

Dresdner SC
Dresdner Sportclub 1898 e.V., known simply as Dresdner SC, is a German multisport club playing in Dresden, Saxony. Founded on 30 April 1898, the club was a founding member of the German Football Association (Deutscher Fussball Bund) in 1900. The origins of the club go back still further to the predecessor side Dresden English Football Club formed in 1874 by expatriate Englishmen as Germany's first football club and possibly the earliest in continental Europe: Dresdener SC was organized by one-time German members of the EFC.
Gómez de Alvarado
Gómez de Alvarado y Contreras (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡomeθ ðe alβaˈɾaðoj konˈtɾeɾas]; 1482 – September 1542) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer. He was a member of the Alvarado family and the older brother of the famous conquistador Pedro de Alvarado.

Alvarado participated in the Spanish colonization of the Americas beginning in 1510. He held the rank of captain of the cavalry and served in the Spanish campaigns against the Aztec Empire, the Maya in Guatemala and El Salvador, and the Inca Empire. He founded the Peruvian city of Huánuco in 1539 and died of an illness shortly following the Battle of Chupas in 1542.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Meriones (rodent)
Meriones is a rodent genus that includes the gerbil most commonly kept as a pet, Meriones unguiculatus. The genus contains most animals referred to as jirds, but members of the genera Sekeetamys, Brachiones, and sometimes Pachyuromys are also known as jirds. The distribution of Meriones ranges from northern Africa to Mongolia. Meriones jirds tend to inhabit arid regions including clay desert, sandy desert, and steppe, but are also in slightly wetter regions, and are an agricultural pest.

The genus was named by Illiger in 1811, deriving from the Ancient Greek word μηρός "femur". However the name is shared with Greek warrior Meriones in Homer's Iliad which has brought confusion to the meaning of the scientific names, specially for the popular pet Mongolian gerbil.

Meriones (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Meriones (/məˈraɪəniːz/ mə-RY-ə-neez; Ancient Greek: Μηριόνης, romanized: Mēriónēs) was the Cretan son of Molus and Melphis or Euippe. Molus was a half-brother of Idomeneus. Like other heroes of mythology, Meriones was said to be a descendant of gods. As a grandson of Deucalion (son of Minos), Meriones's ancestors include Zeus, Europa, Helios, and Pasiphae, the sister of Circe. Meriones possessed the helmet of Amyntor, which Autolycus had stolen. He inherited the helmet from his father Molus and later gave it to Odysseus. Meriones killed seven men at Troy.
Ballingarry, North Tipperary
Ballingarry  (Irish: Baile an Gharraí) is a civil parish and a townland in the barony of Ormond Lower, County Tipperary in Ireland. It is located on the N52 between Borrisokane and Birr. Ballingarry townland has an area of 5.3 square kilometres (2 sq mi), and had a population of 170 people as of the 2011 census.

Birr, County Offaly
Birr (/ˈbɜːr/; Irish: Biorra, meaning "plain of water") is a town in County Offaly, Ireland. Between 1620 and 1899, it was called Parsonstown, after the Parsons family who were local landowners and hereditary Earls of Rosse. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.

Birr is a designated Irish Heritage Town with a carefully preserved Georgian heritage. Birr itself has graceful wide streets and elegant buildings. Many of the houses in John's Place and Oxmantown Mall have exquisite fanlight windows of the Georgian period.

The town is known for Birr Castle and Gardens: the home of the Parsons family and the site of the Leviathan of Parsonstown, which was the largest telescope in the world for over 70 years.
New Interpreter's Study Bible
The New Interpreter's Study Bible is a study Bible first published by Abingdon Press/Cokesbury in 2003 which uses the complete New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) text with Apocrypha. The NISB is the expanded edition of the NRSV text that includes 3 and 4 Maccabees, and Psalm 151, which are considered as authoritative in Eastern Orthodox churches.

Abingdon Press
Abingdon Press is the book publishing arm of the United Methodist Publishing House which publishes sheet music, ministerial resources, Bible-study aids, and other items, often with a focus on Methodism and Methodists.
Ishinomaki City Museum
Ishinomaki City Museum (石巻市博物館, Ishinomaki-shi Hakubutsukan) opened in Maruhon MakiArt Terrace in Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan in 2021, superseding and replacing the former Ishinomaki Cultural Centre, demolished in 2013 after being damaged in the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The collection and displays relate to the archaeology, history, and culture of the area, and include a Jōmon ganban (stone tablet) that has been designated an Important Cultural Property.

Ishinomaki
Ishinomaki (石巻市, Ishinomaki-shi) is a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 May 2025, the city has an estimated population of 131,189, and a population density of 250 persons per km2 in 62,546 households. The total area of the city is 554.55 square kilometres (214.11 sq mi).
Dülmen station
Dülmen station is one of two operating tower stations (of six that formerly operated) in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is located in Dülmen in western Münsterland. It is at the crossing of the Wanne-Eickel–Hamburg and the Dortmund–Gronau railways.

Wanne-Eickel–Hamburg railway
The Wanne-Eickel–Hamburg railway is the shortest railway link between the Metropole Ruhr and the Hamburg Metropolitan Region and hence one of the most important railway lines in northwest Germany. The Route runs over the cities Münster (Westfalen), Osnabrück and Bremen.

It was built between 1870 and 1874 by the Cologne-Minden Railway Company (CME) based in Wanne-Eickel, and branched off their main (Cologne-)Deutz–Minden route as part of the Hamburg-Venlo railway. Today it is an electrified main line which has a minimum of two tracks throughout. Parts of the route are equipped with Linienzugbeeinflussung train control which enables speeds of up to 200 km/h to be attained.

Due to its constant use by goods and passenger trains rolling along the line, day and night, it has been given the nickname Rollbahn ("Rolling Line").
National Highway 361 (India)
National Highway 361, commonly called NH 361, is a national highway in India that runs entirely within the state of Maharashtra. Its western terminal is in Tuljapur near the intersection of NH 52 and the eastern terminal is in Butibori near Nagpur at the intersection of NH 44. The total length of the highway NH-361 is 548 km. It is a spur road of National Highway 61.

The highway passes through the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountains) and is an important arterial road connecting the Konkan region with Western Maharashtra, Marathwada and Vidharbha regions in the state of Maharashtra.

In 2009, NHAI has announced the extension of existing NH 52 to Nagpur via Ausa-Latur-Nanded-Yavatmal-Wardha and connect it to the NH 61 at Ardhapur near Nanded.

Tuljapur
Tuljapur is a town with a municipal council in Dharashiv District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the administrative seat of Tuljapur taluka.

Tuljapur is the location of the annual Tulja Bhavani fair during Navaratri, i.e., in the months of September and October (the date varies). The town is home to the Tulja Bhavani Temple.
Jake Bernstein (market analyst)
Jake Bernstein is President of Network Press, Inc. in Santa Cruz, California. Bernstein claims expertise in seasonal trading and has developed methods of trading in futures markets, and has been a featured speaker at many investment conferences and trading seminars. In 1999, Bernstein was fined by the National Futures Association $200,000 and permanently barred from NFA membership for not using proper disclaimers in his materials rendering the ruling "using misleading and deceptive Promotional Material".

National Futures Association
The National Futures Association (NFA) is the self-regulatory organization (SRO) for the U.S. derivatives industry, including on-exchange traded futures, retail off-exchange foreign currency (forex), and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives (swaps).  NFA is headquartered in Chicago and maintains an office in New York City.  NFA is a non-profit, independent regulatory organization.  NFA does not operate any markets and is not a trade association.  NFA is financed from membership dues and assessment fees, and membership is mandatory for many market participants.
Hyrcanolestes
Hyrcanolestes is a monotypic genus containing the single species Hyrcanolestes velitaris, a predatory air-breathing land slug. It is a shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Trigonochlamydidae.

The generic name Hyrcanolestes contains the suffix -lestes, that means "robber".

Slug
Slug or land slug is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word slug is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a small internal shell, particularly sea slugs and semi-slugs (this is in contrast to the common name snail, which applies to gastropods that have a coiled shell large enough that they can fully retract their soft parts into it).

Various taxonomic families of land slugs form part of several quite different evolutionary lineages, which also include snails. Thus, the various families of slugs are not closely related, despite the superficial similarity in overall body form. The shell-less condition has arisen many times independently as an example of convergent evolution, and thus the category "slug" is polyphyletic.
Norman Patterson (athlete)
James Norman Carlton Patterson (July 4, 1886 – May 25, 1961) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, and died in Detroit, Michigan.

In 1912, he was eliminated in the first round of the 1500 metres event after finishing third in his heat. He also competed in the exhibition baseball tournament at the 1912 Olympics.

Baseball at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Baseball had its first appearance at the 1912 Summer Olympics as a demonstration sport. It became an official sport 70 years later at the 1992 Summer Olympics. A game was played between the United States, the nation where the game was developed, and Sweden, the host nation. The game was held on Monday, 15 July 1912 and started at 10 a.m. on the Ostermalm Athletic Grounds in Stockholm; the U.S team won after six innings.

A second exhibition match was played between two American teams the next day, which notably included multi-sport Olympic athlete Jim Thorpe, a Major League Baseball player and future American football Hall of Famer.
The Amazing Race 1
The Amazing Race 1 (originally broadcast under the name The Amazing Race) is the first season of the American reality competition series The Amazing Race. Hosted by Phil Keoghan, it featured 11 teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship, competing in a race around the world. This season visited four continents and nine countries, traveling approximately 35,000 miles (56,000 km) over 13 legs. Filming took place from March 8 to April 8, 2001. Starting in New York City, racers traveled through South Africa, Zambia, France, Tunisia, Italy, India, Thailand, and China before returning to the United States, traveling through Alaska, and finishing in New York City. The season debuted on CBS on September 5, 2001, and concluded on December 13, 2001.

Lawyers and best friends Rob Frisbee and Brennan Swain were the winners, while separated parents Frank and Margarita Mesa finished in second place, and life partners Joe Baldassare and Bill Bartek finished in third place.

Livingstone District
Livingstone District is a district of Zambia, located in Southern Province. The capital lies at Livingstone. As of the 2022 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 177,393 people. Its border with Zimbabwe is formed by the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls. Although most people live in Livingstone, other villages include Simonga in the west.
Little Baby Bum
Little Baby Bum (also known as LBB and LittleBabyBum) is a British children's animated web series created in 2011 by Cannis Holder and her husband, Derek Holder. The show revolves around Mia, a young girl, her family, peers and a group of anthropomorphic characters. The format of the show is 3D animated videos of both traditional nursery rhymes and original kids songs, but with a modern aesthetic, supporting child development of language through song and repetition. It was acquired by Moonbug Entertainment in 2018. The show is available on YouTube, BBC iPlayer, and distributed across SVOD and AVOD players, and over 40 platforms including Netflix, Amazon Prime, and Hulu. Little Baby Bum is available in English, Spanish, Dutch, Brazilian Portuguese, Italian, Russian, Polish, German, French, Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Filipino and Turkish.

Nursery rhyme
A nursery rhyme is a traditional poem or song for children in Britain and other European countries, but usage of the term dates only from the late 18th/early 19th century. The term Mother Goose rhymes is interchangeable with nursery rhymes.

From the mid-16th century nursery rhymes began to be recorded in English plays, and most popular rhymes date from the 17th and 18th centuries. The first English collections, Tommy Thumb's Song Book and a sequel, Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, were published by Mary Cooper in 1744. Publisher John Newbery's stepson, Thomas Carnan, was the first to use the term Mother Goose for nursery rhymes when he published a compilation of English rhymes, Mother Goose's Melody, or Sonnets for the Cradle (London, 1780).
Shy Keenan
Shy Keenan (also known as Karen Wootton and Karen Claridge) is a British author, child sexual abuse survivor, and founder of Phoenix Survivors, an advocacy group for victims of sexual abuse. Keenan is known for her biography Broken, in which she discusses the long-term and extreme sexual abuse she experienced from her stepfather, Stanley Claridge.  In 2014 the book was temporarily withdrawn from distribution by its publisher Hodder & Stoughton. For her work with sexual abuse victims, Keenan received a Women Of The Year award in 2008.

In 2013 Keenan's fourteen-year-old son Ayden Olson was discovered dead within his home, having committed suicide. Keenan has maintained that her son was "bullied to death" and has started a campaign called "Ayden's Law" that requests that the prime minister create a new anti-bullying law.

Bullying and suicide
Bullying and suicide are considered together when the cause of suicide is attributable to the victim having been bullied, either in person or via social media. Writers Neil Marr and Tim Field wrote about it in their 2001 book Bullycide: Death at Playtime.

Suicide is completed when the victim cannot escape the chronic effects of bullying. They cannot find a way to cope that protects them and helps them to overcome their suffering. From this long-term carrying of emotional and physical scars, the individual develops feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. The bullying seems like it cannot be stopped for the victim and thus, resulting in suicide.
1979–80 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team
The 1979–80 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the 1979–80 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.  Larry Brown began his first year as head coach. The Bruins started the season ranked 8th in the nation (AP Poll). The Bruins started the season 3-0 and climbed to 7th after starting 3–0. UCLA's team finished 4th in the Pac-10 regular season, failing to finish atop the conference for the first time since 1965–66. UCLA participated the NCAA tournament going 5–0 before losing to the Louisville Cardinals in the championship game. The Bruins' five NCAA tournament wins and championship game appearance were later vacated after the NCAA had determined UCLA committed nine violations.

The Bruins fell out the rankings in the poll released on January 14, 1980, ending what currently stands as the second most consecutive weeks ranked in the AP poll with 221. The streak began at the beginning of the Bruins 1966–67 season.

1965–66 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team
The 1965–66 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team finished the season in second place, under head coach John R. Wooden. It won the Los Angeles Classic Championship and completed the year with an 18–8 overall record.
Nicki Chan-Lam
Nicola Chan-Lam (born 4 November 1991) is a former English badminton player who later represented Mauritius. Chan-Lam competed for Mauritius at the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games. She was one of the 14 players selected for the Road to Rio Program, a program that aimed to help African badminton players to compete at the 2016 Olympic Games. In 2015, she won a bronze medal in the women's singles event and a gold medal in the mixed team event at the African Games.

Road to Rio Program
Road to Rio Program was a program that provided all the possible technical and some financial support to selected African badminton players who have the possibility to qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics. The project was a collaboration between Badminton Confederation of Africa and Badminton World Federation.  The program was exclusively for singles players as it would be difficult to qualify for the doubles events.