hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rough (film)
Rough is a 2014 Telugu romantic action comedy film directed by C. H. Subba Reddy. The movie is produced by M. Abilash on Sridevi Entertainments Banner while Aadi, Rakul Preet Singh and Srihari play pivotal roles. Mani Sharma composed the Music. Actor Srihari died before the film was released. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was an average hit at the box office.

It was dubbed into Hindi under the same title.

Rakul Preet Singh
Rakul Preet Singh (born 10 October 1990) is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Telugu, Hindi and Tamil films. Singh is a recipient of several accolades including a SIIMA Award, in addition to four nominations at the Filmfare Awards South.

Singh started her career as a model and made her acting debut with the Kannada film Gilli (2009). Singh received Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu nominations for her performance in Venkatadri Express (2013), Loukyam (2014), Nannaku Prematho (2016) and Rarandoi Veduka Chudham (2017). She then appeared in commercial successes: Pandaga Chesko (2015), Sarrainodu (2016), Dhruva (2016), Spyder (2017), Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru (2017) and Ayalaan (2024). Singh expanded to Hindi films with Yaariyan (2014). She has since appeared in De De Pyaar De (2019), Runway 34 (2022) and Doctor G (2022).

Alongside her acting career, Singh is a celebrity endorser for several brands. She is married to actor–producer Jackky Bhagnani.
David Ingram (explorer)
David Ingram, Davy Ingrams,: 18  or Davyd Ingram (c. 1542 – after 1583) was a 16th-century English sailor and explorer who claimed to have walked across the interior of the North American continent from Mexico to Nova Scotia in 1568.: 19

Humphrey Gilbert
Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539 – 9 September 1583) was an English adventurer, explorer, member of parliament and soldier who served during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and was a pioneer of the English colonial empire in North America and the Plantations of Ireland. He was a maternal half-brother of Sir Walter Raleigh and a cousin of Sir Richard Grenville.
Polly Gordon
Mary Rousmaniere "Polly" Gordon (died 1980) was a community activist in New York City's Yorkville neighborhood. She resided at 10 Gracie Square with her husband, Al Gordon, to whom she was married for fifty years.

Gordon was board chair at the Chapin School from 1965 to 1969. The New York City YWCA's Mary Rousmaniere Gordon award is named in her honor and nearby Carl Schurz Park contains Polly Gordon Walk, which was dedicated in 1984.

Gordon was a 1932 graduate of Vassar College.

Carl Schurz Park
Carl Schurz Park /ʃʊrts/ is a 14.9-acre (6.0 ha) public park in the Yorkville neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, named for German-born Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz in 1910, at the edge of what was then the solidly German-American community of Yorkville. The park contains Gracie Mansion, the official residence of the Mayor of New York.
2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the two U.S. representatives from the State of Idaho, one from both of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections took place on May 21, 2024.

Political Victory Fund
The Political Victory Fund (NRA-PVF) is the political action committee (PAC) of the National Rifle Association of America (NRA). Founded in 1976, the Fund endorses political candidates on behalf of the NRA and contributes money to those candidate's campaigns. It maintains a rating system which awards grades to political candidates based on their support or opposition of gun control measures.
WTHD
WTHD 105.5 FM is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to LaGrange, Indiana, the station serves the areas of Sturgis, Michigan and Kendallville, Indiana, and is owned by Swick Broadcasting Company, Inc.

The current WTHD airstaff consists of morning show host Jeremy Robinson (6 am to 10 am) and News Director, Mike Stiles.

Sturgis, Michigan
Sturgis is a city in St. Joseph County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 11,082 at the 2020 census.  The city is located at the northeast corner of Sturgis Township and at the intersection of US 12 and M-66. Sturgis is just north of the Michigan–Indiana border and the I-80/90 Indiana Toll Road.

Sturgis has been assigned a ZIP code of 49091.
Lazzarotto
Lazzarotto is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Enrico Lazzarotto (born 1973), Italian slalom canoeist

Giuseppe Lazzarotto (born 1942), Italian Roman Catholic titular archbishop

Poty Lazzarotto (1924–1998), Brazilian artist

Giuseppe Lazzarotto
Giuseppe Lazzarotto KC*HS (born 24 May 1942) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See from 1971 to 2017, with the rank of apostolic nuncio and an archbishop since 1994.
Yverdon–Ste-Croix railway
The Yverdon to Sainte-Croix Railway (French: Chemin de fer Yverdon–Ste-Croix, YSteC) is a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge railway line and former railway company in Switzerland. The line connects the towns of Yverdon-les-Bains and Sainte-Croix, both in the canton of Vaud, and is some 24 kilometres (15 mi) long, overcoming a vertical height change of 633 metres (2,077 ft). It is now owned and operated by the TRAVYS company (Transports Vallée-de-Joux - Yverdon-les-Bains - Sainte-Croix).

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Marsyas of Philippi
Marsyas of Philippi (Ancient Greek: Μαρσύας, Κριτοφήμου, Φιλιππεύς; 3rd century BC) was a Macedonian Greek historian and the son of Critophemus. He was often called Marsyas the Younger (Ancient Greek: Μαρσύας ὁ Νεώτερος) to distinguish him from Marsyas of Pella, with whom he has frequently been confounded. The earliest writers by whom he is cited is Plinius and Athenaeus. The latter tells us that he also served as a priest of Heracles. His works were Μακεδονικά On Macedonia (6 books), Αρχαιολογία Archaeology (On Attica?) (12 books) and Μυθικά On Myths (7 books).

Athenaeus
Athenaeus of Naucratis (/ˌæθəˈniːəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀθήναιος ὁ Nαυκρατίτης or Nαυκράτιος, Athēnaios Naukratitēs or Naukratios; Latin: Athenaeus Naucratita) was an ancient Greek rhetorician and grammarian, flourishing about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century AD. The Suda says only that he lived in the times of Marcus Aurelius, but the contempt with which he speaks of Commodus, who died in 192, implies that he survived that emperor. He was a contemporary of Adrantus.

Athenaeus himself states that he was the author of a treatise on the thratta, a type of fish mentioned by Archippus and other comic poets, and of a history of the Syrian kings. Both works are lost. Of his works, only the fifteen-volume Deipnosophistae mostly survives.
1872 Missouri gubernatorial election
The 1872 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1872, and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, Silas Woodson, over the Republican candidate, former Senator John B. Henderson.

Silas Woodson
Silas Woodson (May 18, 1819 – October 9, 1896) was the 21st Governor of Missouri between January 3, 1873, and January 12, 1875. He was notable for being the first Democrat elected to that position since the Civil War. No Republican would reach the office for over 30 years after Woodson's election.
City of Night
City of Night is a novel written by John Rechy.  It was originally published in 1963 in New York by Grove Press.  Earlier excerpts had appeared in Evergreen Review, Big Table, Nugget, and The London Magazine.

City of Night is notable for its exposé approach to and stark depiction of hustling, as well as its stream of consciousness narrative style.

Male prostitution
Male prostitution is a form of sex work consisting of the act or practice of men providing sexual services in return for payment. Although clients can be of any gender, the vast majority are older males looking to fulfill their sexual needs. Male prostitutes have been far less studied than female prostitutes by researchers. Even so, male prostitution has an extensive history, including regulation through homosexuality, conceptual developments on sexuality, and the HIV/AIDS epidemic impact. In the last century, male sex work has seen various advancements such as popularizing new sexual acts, methods of exchange, and carving out a spot in cinema.
Jack Watherston
Jack Greenshields Watherston (24 August 1909 — 17 November 1990) was a Scottish international rugby union player.

Born in Edinburgh, Watherston was educated at Sedbergh School and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.

A flanker, Watherston gained blues in varsity rugby at Cambridge University. He played his rugby in Scotland for Edinburgh Wanderers and Jedburgh. In 1934, Watherston was capped twice for Scotland during their Home Nations campaign, against Ireland at Murrayfield and England at Twickenham.

Watherson's daughter Diana was married to British peer Hugh Courtenay, 18th Earl of Devon. His grandson Charles Courtenay, 19th Earl of Devon, is a Member of the House of Lords.

Edinburgh Wanderers
Edinburgh Wanderers is a former rugby union club, founded in 1868. It was latterly a tenant of the Scottish Rugby Union, playing home fixtures at Murrayfield Stadium for nearly 75 years. In 1997 it merged with Murrayfield RFC to form Murrayfield Wanderers.
Effective torque
Effective torque (often referred to as wheel torque or torque to the wheels) is a concept primarily associated with automotive tuning. Torque can be measured using a dynamometer. Common units used in automotive applications can include foot-pounds and Newton·meters.

The formula for effective torque to the wheels is:

Tw = Te * Ntf * ηtf

Ntf = Nt * Nf

ηtf = ηt * ηf

... where Tw is wheel torque, Te is engine torque, N is the gear ratio, η is the efficiency, and the subscripts t and f are for the gearbox and differential, respectively. Effective torque is often 5-15% lower than the shaft or crank ratings of an engine due to drivetrain losses.

Drivetrain
A drivetrain (drive-train or drive train), also known as a transmission system, is the group of components that deliver mechanical power from the prime mover to the driven components. In automotive engineering, the drivetrain  is the components of a motor vehicle that deliver power to the drive wheels. This excludes the engine or motor that generates the power. In marine applications, the drive shaft will drive a propeller, thruster, or waterjet rather than a drive axle, while the actual engine might be  similar to an automotive engine. Other machinery, equipment and vehicles may also use a drivetrain to deliver power from the engine(s) to the driven components.

In contrast, the powertrain is considered to include both the engine and/or motor(s) as well as the drivetrain.
Vector generalized linear model
In statistics, the class of vector generalized linear models (VGLMs) was proposed to 
enlarge the scope of models catered for by generalized linear models (GLMs).
In particular, VGLMs allow for response variables outside the classical exponential family
and for more than one parameter. Each parameter (not necessarily a mean) can be transformed by a link function.
The VGLM framework is also large enough to naturally accommodate multiple responses; these are
several independent responses each coming from a particular statistical distribution with
possibly different parameter values.

Vector generalized linear models are described in detail in Yee (2015).
The central algorithm adopted is the iteratively reweighted least squares method,
for maximum likelihood estimation of usually all the model parameters. In particular, 
Fisher scoring is implemented by such, which, for most models,
uses the first and expected second derivatives of the log-likelihood function.

Generalized least squares
In statistics, generalized least squares (GLS) is a method used to estimate the unknown parameters in a linear regression model. It is used when there is a non-zero amount of correlation between the residuals in the regression model. GLS is employed to improve statistical efficiency and reduce the risk of drawing erroneous inferences, as compared to conventional least squares and weighted least squares methods. It was first described by Alexander Aitken in 1935.

It requires knowledge of the covariance matrix for the residuals. If this is unknown, estimating the covariance matrix gives the method of feasible generalized least squares (FGLS). However, FGLS provides fewer guarantees of improvement.
Naked Camera
Naked Camera is a  hidden camera comedy television show which began airing on RTÉ Two in 2005. Set and filmed in the Republic of Ireland (mostly in Dublin), its concept is similar to that of the UK show Trigger Happy TV or the ascendant candid camera elements of The Live Mike. Comedians PJ Gallagher, Patrick McDonnell, and Maeve Higgins wrote the scripts and portrayed the sketch characters. Produced by Scratch Productions for RTÉ, the third and concluding series aired in February 2007.

Hidden camera
A hidden camera or spy camera is a camera used to photograph or record subjects, often people, without their knowledge. The camera may be considered "hidden" because it is not visible to the subject being filmed, or is disguised as another object. Hidden cameras are often considered a surveillance tool.

The term "hidden camera" is commonly used when subjects are unaware that they are being recorded, usually lacking their knowledge and consent; the term "spy camera" is generally used when the subject would object to being recorded if they were aware of the camera's presence. In contrast, the phrase "security camera" refers to cameras that are visible and/or are accompanied by a warning notice of their presence, so the subject is aware of the camera's presence and knows they are being filmed.

The use of hidden cameras raises personal privacy issues. There may be legal aspects to consider, depending on the jurisdiction in which they are used.
Harjang
Harjang  is a village development committee in Rolpa District in the Rapti Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2011 people living in 360 individual households.

Rolpa District
28°22′N 082°33′E﻿ / ﻿28.367°N 82.550°E﻿ / 28.367; 82.550﻿ (Rolpa District, Nepal)

Rolpa (Nepali: रोल्पा जिल्ला)Listenⓘ, is a "hill" district in Lumbini Province of Nepal. Rolpa district covers an area of 1,879 km2 (725 sq mi) with population (2011) of 221,177.  Rolpa town is the district's administrative center.

The various grievances of Rolpa's population made the district ripe for revolt.  It became a "Maoist Stronghold" of the Communist Party of Nepal.  In May 2002 a major battle between Maoist guerrillas and the army was fought at Lisne Lekh near the Rolpa-Pyuthan border.
Zina Young Card
Zina Presendia Young Williams Card (April 3, 1850 – January 31, 1931) was an American religious leader and women's rights activist. A daughter of Brigham Young, the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), she was the first "Dean of Women" at Brigham Young Academy (BYA) (now Brigham Young University) in Provo, Utah. She fought on a national level for women's suffrage and the right to practice plural marriage. After moving to a new Mormon settlement at Cardston, Alberta, Canada, she became a major civic and religious leader of the community.

Salt Lake Temple
The Salt Lake Temple is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. At 253,015 square feet (23,505.9 m2), it is the largest Latter-day Saint temple by floor area. Dedicated in 1893, it is the sixth temple completed by the church, requiring 40 years to complete, and the fourth temple built since the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, in 1846. The temple was closed in December 2019 for a general remodelling and seismic renovations, which were initially estimated to take approximately four years. Subsequent updates extended the estimated completion to 2026, for a total renovation timeline lasting an anticipated six or seven years.
2025 Kiama state by-election
The 2025 Kiama state by-election was held on 13 September 2025 to elect the member for Kiama in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, following the resignation of independent MP Gareth Ward.

Ward was found guilty on 25 July 2025 of sexually abusing two men. He was scheduled to be expelled from parliament on 8 August 2025, but resigned the same day.

Thirteen candidates stood in the 2025 Kiama state by-election. Labor candidate Katelin McInerney was projected to have won the by-election at 7:45 pm AEST on election night.

Independent politicians in Australia
An independent politician is a person who has served in a political office while not affiliated to any political party. Many of these have either resigned or been expelled from membership in political parties, and some have gone on to form their own political parties over time. In some cases members of parliament sit as an independent while still holding party leadership. This can be for a multitude of reasons including expulsion from party room, de-registration of party and suspension of membership.
Kid Loco
Jean-Yves Prieur, a.k.a. Kid Loco is a French electronic musician, DJ, remixer and producer. His best-known album is A Grand Love Story (1997), and he has also compiled and mixed a DJ mix album for the Another Late Night series on Azuli Records. He has worked with Jarvis Cocker, with the bands The Transistors (Maurizio Mansueti and Luca Cirillo), A Band Called Quinn, and Mogwai, and produced the album Too Late To Die Young by Departure Lounge.

Late Night Tales
Late Night Tales and its predecessor Another Late Night are the names of two related series of artist-curated compilation albums released by Azuli Records in the UK until 2009 when the independent record label Night Time Stories took over the series. Both series were started by the author A.W. Wilde. The tracks on the albums are selected and mixed by a diverse selection of artists asked by Late Night Tales to create the ultimate late night mix. Many of the albums end with a story track, read by famous English performers including Benedict Cumberbatch, Will Self, Brian Blessed, Alex Turner and Patrick Moore. With the exception of Jamiroquai, Air, Bill Brewster, and Don Letts' contributions, each release includes a cover version recorded by the artist(s).

The series has been met with critical acclaim, with GQ praising Late Night Tales as "The Rolls Royce of compilations". 2011 saw the label celebrate their tenth anniversary with a box set including all albums to date.
Mater ter admirabilis
Mater ter admirabilis, literally "Mother thrice admirable", is a  Marian title in Latin given to a miraculous copy of the Salus Populi Romani icon, enshrined at the Münster Zur Schönen Unsere Lieben Frau in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. The title is a variant of Mater admirabilis (Mother most admirable) from the Litany of Loreto.

Redemption (theology)
Redemption is an essential concept in many religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The term implies that something has been paid for or bought back, like a slave who has been set free through the payment of a ransom.
Shōga
Shōga (生姜) is the Japanese word for ginger and can refer to:

Gari (ginger), also called sushi ginger

Beni shōga, a type of Japanese pickle

Pork shogayaki, a Japanese dish with sliced pork and ginger

See also:

Kuchi shōga, a Japanese phonetic system for 'pronouncing' the sounds of drums

Shogaol, a chemical found in ginger

Kuchi shōga
Kuchi shōga (口唱歌), also known as kuchi showa or kuchi shoka, is an educational musical notation for traditional Japanese drums, particularly the taiko and the tsuzumi.

Kuchi shōga phoneticizes (that is, phonetically articulates) drum strokes using Japanese sound symbolism. Each syllable conveys information about how the drummer is to play a particular note.

Kuchi shōga notation is written in katakana, a syllabary familiar to all literate Japanese language speakers. Kuchi shōga can be transliterated from katakana to a Latin alphabet using one of the various systems of rōmaji.
1967 NCAA University Division wrestling championships
The 1967 NCAA University Division Wrestling Championships were the 37th NCAA University Division Wrestling Championships to be held. Kent State University in Kent, Ohio hosted the tournament at Memorial Gym.

Michigan State took home the team championship with 74 points and having two individual champions.

Rick Sanders of Portland State was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler and Curley Culp of Arizona State received the Gorriaran Award.

Portland State Vikings
Portland State Vikings is the nickname of the NCAA-affiliated, intercollegiate athletic teams representing Portland State University of Portland, Oregon. The Vikings compete at the NCAA Division I level in basketball, soccer, volleyball, golf, tennis, softball, indoor and outdoor track and field, and cross country. The university has been a member of the Big Sky Conference since 1996. Along with the other Big Sky football programs, Viking football takes-part in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), formerly known as NCAA Division I-AA.
Debonair Afrik
Debonair Afrik (stylised as debonairafrik) is a Ghanaian based digital media publication covering fashion, lifestyle, publishing, and current events. It was founded in 2015 by Emmanuel Ekuban (Nuel Bans), as a neo-Africanism publication. It is a popular online news portal for Ghanaians and widely acknowledged by the Sub-Saharan region.

Africanisms
Africanisms refers to characteristics of African culture that can be traced through societal practices and institutions of the African diaspora. Throughout history, the dispersed descendants of Africans have retained many forms of their ancestral African culture. Also, common throughout history is the misunderstanding of these remittances and their meanings. The term usually refers to the cultural and linguistic practices of West and Central Africans who were transported to the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade.  Africanisms have influenced the cultures of diverse countries in North and South America and the Caribbean through language, music, dance, food, animal husbandry, medicine, and folklore.