hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chiefdom of Lithang
Chiefdom of Lithang (Tibetan: ལི་ཐང་, Wylie: li thang), or Chiefdom of Litang (Chinese: 理塘土司), was an autonomous Tusi chiefdom that ruled Litang (present day Litang County of Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture) during the Qing dynasty period. Lithang, Bathang, Chakla and Derge were called the "Four Great Native Chiefdoms in Kham" (康区四大土司) by the Chinese.

At first Lithang was ruled by the Khoshut Khanate. Lamas of Lithang Monastery were appointed the desi (governor) to govern the region. In 1719, a Chinese army under Yue Zhongqi marched to conquer Tibet, and the Lithang Lama surrendered to the Chinese. The 7th Dalai Lama's stepfather was appointed chieftain by China; Lithang Lama was appointed the vice chieftain. In 1725, Lithang was separated from Tibet. From then on, it was under the jurisdiction of Sichuan.

Lithang revolted against Qing China in 1905. However, the rebellion was soon put down by Zhao Erfeng.

Zhao Erfeng
Zhao Erfeng (1845 - 22 December 1911), courtesy name Jihe, was a late Qing Dynasty official and Han Chinese bannerman who belonged to the Plain Blue Banner. He was an assistant amban in Tibet at Chamdo in Kham (eastern Tibet). He was appointed in March 1908 under Lien Yu, the main amban in Lhasa.  Formerly Director-General of the Sichuan-Hubei Railway and acting viceroy of Sichuan province, Zhao was a much-maligned Chinese general of the late imperial era who led military campaigns throughout Kham, earning himself the nickname "the Butcher of Kham" and "Zhao the Butcher" (Chinese: 赵屠户). In 1911, Zhao was captured and executed by revolutionaries led by Yin Changheng during the Xinhai Revolution in Sichuan.
2019 Men's NORCECA Volleyball Championship
The 2019 Men's NORCECA Volleyball Championship was the 26th edition of the tournament, and was held in Winnipeg, Canada from 2 to 7 September 2019. Top four teams which had not yet qualified to the 2020 Summer Olympics or the 2020 North American Olympic Qualification Tournament qualified for the 2020 North American Olympic Qualification Tournament.

Volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics  was the 15th edition of the event at the Summer Olympics, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Tokyo, Japan from 24 July to 7 August 2021. It was originally scheduled to take place from 25 July to 8 August 2020, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the IOC and the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee announced on 24 March 2020 that the 2020 Summer Olympics would be delayed to 2021. Because of this pandemic, all matches were played behind closed doors.

France won their first gold and overall medal with a 3–2 win over the Russian team that competed as the ROC. Argentina won the bronze medal in a narrow 3–2 victory over Brazil.

The medals for the competition were presented by Bernard Rajzman, IOC Member, Olympian, and Silver Medalist, Brazil; and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Ary Graça, FIVB President; Brazil.
El Presidente (cocktail)
The El Presidente is a Cuban cocktail made of rum, orange curaçao, vermouth, and grenadine. The original recipe calls for blanc vermouth.

Some believe it is the only bona fide classic cocktail that is supposed to use harder to find blanc vermouth (Chambéry vermouth) and is frequently mismade with dry vermouth. While variations are made using other orange liqueurs than curaçao, the drink is traditionally meant to be red in color, so blue curaçao should not be used. The red comes from red curaçao, or when paler colors are used, from the grenadine.

Curaçao (liqueur)
Curaçao (/ˈkjʊərəsaʊ, -soʊ/ KURE-ə-sow, -⁠soh, Dutch: [kyːraːˈsʌu] ⓘ) is a liqueur flavored with the dried peel of the bitter orange variety laraha, a citrus fruit grown on the Caribbean island of Curaçao.

Curaçao can be sold in numerous forms, though the most common are the orange-hued dry curaçao, and blue curaçao which is dyed bright blue.
Abe Shires
Marshall Abraham Shires (February 12, 1917 – July 23, 1993) was an American professional football player.  He played college football for the Tennessee Volunteers football team and was selected by the Central Press Association as a third-team tackle on the 1940 College Football All-America Team. During Shires' three years at Tennessee (1938–1940), the Volunteers compiled a 31–2 record, won three SEC championships and two national championships, and participated in the Orange, Rose, and Sugar Bowls. He was drafted by the Cleveland Rams in the second round with the 14th overall pick in the 1941 NFL draft. However, due to military service during World War II, Shires did not make his debut in the National Football League until the 1945 NFL season and as a member of the Philadelphia Eagles. He was inducted into the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame in 1995.

Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame
The Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame is an American hall of fame which honors athletes, teams, coaches, sports writers, and sports executives for their contributions to sports in the state of Tennessee. The Hall of Fame inducted its first class in 1966 and has since grown to include over 500 honorees and inductees.
German submarine U-372
German submarine U-372 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 17 November 1939 by Kriegsmarinewerft Kiel as construction number 3, launched on 8 March 1941 and commissioned on 19 April 1941 under Kapitänleutnant Heinz-Joachim Neumann.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Bill McFarlane
William McLean McFarlane (March 30, 1930 – June 28, 2020) was a professional Canadian football end who played for the Toronto Argonauts. He was drafted first overall in the 1954 CFL Draft by the Argonauts.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Solstice Canyon
Solstice Canyon is a park within the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area in Malibu, California. Located off Corral Canyon Road from Pacific Coast Highway, the canyon runs north-to-south about a mile east of Point Dume. Solstice Canyon opened on June 20, 1988 and was created out of land owned by Fred and Florence Roberts. Before becoming a park the land was known as Roberts Ranch from 1932 to 1988.

Roberts Ranch hosted 25 acres to space technology laboratories to conduct research for the Pioneer Series for NASA.

In 2003, during excavation for the parking lot, a Chumash grave site was discovered.

Chumash people
The Chumash are a Native American people of the central and southern coastal regions of California, in portions of what is now Kern, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura, and Los Angeles counties, extending from Morro Bay in the north to Malibu in the south to Mount Pinos in the east. Their territory includes three of the Channel Islands: Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and San Miguel; the smaller island of Anacapa was likely inhabited seasonally due to the lack of a consistent water source.

Modern place names with Chumash origins include Malibu, Nipomo, Lompoc, Ojai, Pismo Beach, Point Mugu, Port Hueneme, Piru, Lake Castaic, Saticoy, Simi Valley, and Somis. Archaeological research shows that the Chumash people have deep roots in the Santa Barbara Channel area and have lived along the southern California coast for millennia.
James Bay, Greater Victoria
James Bay is a high density neighbourhood of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It is the oldest residential neighbourhood on the west coast of North America that is north of San Francisco. It occupies the south side of the Inner Harbour close to downtown.  Access to the neighbourhood is along Belleville Street, Government Street, Douglas Street and Dallas Road.

Lekwungen
The Lekwungen (Halkomelem: lək̓ʷəŋən) are a Coast Salish people who reside on southeastern Vancouver Island, British Columbia in the Greater Victoria area. They are represented by the Songhees First Nation and Esquimalt First Nation. Their traditional language is Lekwungen, a dialect of the North Straits Salish language.
Niels Coussement
Niels Fabunni Coussement (born 2 February 1991) is a Belgian former professional footballer who played as a wide midfielder or full-back. He spent the majority of his career with Oostende, where he rose from the youth ranks to the first team. Coussement was known for his versatility on both flanks, capable of playing in defense or midfield. He later had spells at Cercle Brugge and amateur side Zwevezele, retiring in 2022 after a 13-year senior career.

Belgian Second Division
The Belgian Second Division was the second-highest division in the Belgian football league system, one level below the Belgian Pro League. It was founded by the Royal Belgian Football Association in 1909 and folded in 2016, when it was replaced by the Belgian First Division B (known as the Proximus League for sponsorship reasons)).
Shape of Things to Come (George Benson album)
Shape of Things to Come is the fifth studio album by the American guitarist George Benson, recorded in 1968 and arranged by Don Sebesky. It was his first album for A&M Records and his first album to be produced by Creed Taylor, who would remain his producer until 1976.

Boyce and Hart
Sidney Thomas Boyce (September 29, 1939 – November 23, 1994) and Robert Luke Harshman (February 18, 1939 – September 10, 2025), known professionally as Bobby Hart, were an American duo of singer-songwriters. In addition to three top-40 hits as artists, the duo is well known for its songwriting for the Monkees.
Dora Boatemah
Theodora "Dora" Boatemah MBE (July 22, 1957 – January 23, 2001) was a British Ghanaian community leader and activist based in South London. She founded the Angell Town Community Project in 1983 and was responsible for the regeneration of Angell Town Estate in Brixton, which commenced in 2001.

South London
South London is the southern part of London, England, mostly south of the River Thames. The region consists of the boroughs, in whole or in part, of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth.

South London originally emerged from Southwark, first recorded as Suthriganaweorc, meaning 'fort of the men of Surrey'. From Southwark, London then extended further down into northern Surrey and western Kent.
Antrim Short
Mark Antrim Short (July 11, 1900 – November 24, 1972) was an American stage and film actor, casting director and talent agent. As a juvenile he enjoyed some success on the Broadway stage, notably appearing as a boy with Mrs. Fiske and Holbrook Blinn in Salvation Nell by Edward Sheldon in 1908. While in his teens he appeared in silent films playing the kind of roles that were made popular by Jack Pickford.

Short was born to two actors, Lew and Estella Short, and his sister was silent actresses Gertrude Short. They were cousins of Blanche Sweet. Short was married to Frances Morris, who is best remembered by TV fans as George Reeves's Earth mother Sarah Kent in The Adventures of Superman.

Short died in Los Angeles November 24, 1972.

Minnie Maddern Fiske
Minnie Maddern Fiske (born Marie Augusta Davey; December 19, 1865 – February 15, 1932), but often billed simply as Mrs. Fiske, was one of the leading American actresses of the late 19th and early 20th century. She also spearheaded the fight against the Theatrical Syndicate for the sake of artistic freedom. She was widely considered the most important actress on the American stage in the first quarter of the 20th century. Her performances in several Henrik Ibsen plays helped introduce American audiences to the Norwegian playwright. She was also an influential campaigner for improving animal welfare.
51st Vanier Cup
The 2015 Vanier Cup, the 51st edition of the Canadian university football championship, took place on Saturday, November 28, 2015 at Telus Stadium in Quebec City, Quebec. It was the fourth time that the city of Quebec has hosted the Vanier Cup. For the third consecutive year the championship game was played in the province of Quebec. The game featured the Canada West Champion UBC Thunderbirds and the RSEQ Champion Montreal Carabins. This was the second appearance for the Carabins - in back-to-back years - and the sixth for the Thunderbirds.

Montreal Carabins
The Montréal Carabins (French: Carabins de Montréal) are the men's and women's athletic teams that represent the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Teams play at the CEPSUM Stadium and at l'aréna du CEPSUM, located at the Université de Montréal campus.
Le Trio Joubran
Le Trio Joubran (Arabic: الثلاثي جبران) is an oud trio playing traditional Palestinian music. The trio consists of brothers Samir, Wissam, and Adnan Joubran, originally from Nazareth and currently dividing their time between Nazareth, Ramallah and Paris. The Joubran brothers come from a well-known family with a rich artistic heritage. Their mother, Ibtisam Hanna Joubran, sang the Muwashahat (poems that originated in Arab Spain) while their father, Hatem, is among the most renowned stringed-instrument makers in Palestine and in the Arab world. They are the first oud trio.

Dubai International Film Festival
The Dubai International Film Festival (DIFF, Arabic: مهرجان دبي السينمائي الدولي) was the largest film festival in the Arab region.  With particular emphasis on showcasing Arab, Asian, and African cinema, it also helped to develop industry and talent in the region. It was held in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.

The Muhr Awards, including the Muhr AsiaAfrica Awards, are the main festival awards.
Anissa (given name)
Anissa or Anisa is a feminine given name derived from the Arabic language  أنس (ʾanisa), meaning “to be friendly.”

Lebanese Maronite Christians also use the name as a form of Agnes because it derives from Persian Anahid, Anahit or Anaïs, meaning ‘immaculate’. The name was popularized during the 1960s and 1970s in the Anglosphere by child actress Anissa Jones, who portrayed Buffy Patterson-Davis on the American television series Family Affair.

Anahit
Anahit (Armenian: Անահիտ) was the goddess of fertility and healing, wisdom and water in Armenian mythology. In the early periods, she was the goddess of war. By the 5th century BCE, she was the main deity in Armenia along with Aramazd. The Armenian goddess Anahit is related to the similar Iranian goddess Anahita. Artaxias I erected statues of Anahit, and promulgated orders to worship them.
2013–14 Scottish Championship
The 2013–14 Scottish Championship was the 20th season in the current format of 10 teams in the second-tier of Scottish football. This was the first season of the competition being part of the newly formed Scottish Professional Football League after the merger of the Scottish Premier League and the Scottish Football League.

Dundee won the title.

Scottish Professional Football League
The Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) is the national men's association football league in Scotland. The league was formed in June 2013 following a merger between the Scottish Premier League and the Scottish Football League. As well as operating its league competition, which consists of the top four levels of the Scottish football league system, the SPFL also operates two domestic cup competitions, the Scottish League Cup and the Scottish Challenge Cup. While the Scottish Cup includes all the teams within the SPFL, the competition is run and organised by the Scottish Football Association.
James E. Casey
James E. Casey (March 29, 1888 – June 6, 1983) was an American businessman, known for being the founder of the American Messenger Company, today known as UPS.

In 1907, 19-year-old James Casey founded the American Messenger Company in Seattle, Washington. He served as president, CEO and chairman. Claude Ryan was his partner and his messengers were his brother George and other teenagers.  His motto was "best service and lowest rates".  Deliveries were made on foot, bicycle, or motorcycle.

He died on June 6, 1983, in a hospital-nursing home in Seattle and his grave is at the mausoleum of the Holyrood Catholic Cemetery in Shoreline, Washington.

Shoreline, Washington
Shoreline is a city in King County, Washington, United States. It is located between the city limits of Seattle and the Snohomish County border, approximately 9 miles (14 km) north of Downtown Seattle. As of the 2020 census, the population of Shoreline was 58,608, making it the 22nd largest city in the state. Based on per capita income, one of the more reliable measures of affluence, Shoreline ranks 91st of 522 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked.
Bicycle basket
A bicycle basket is a bicycle-mounted basket for carrying cargo, usually light cargo. They are usually used for light shopping duties such as going on daily visits to the shops for fresh bread or milk. Baskets are often mounted on the handlebars and made of traditional basket weaving materials such as wicker and cane or even woven plastic that merely looks like wicker or cane. They can also be made of other materials such as metal mesh. Euroboxes (for example 40×30×25 cm) or milk crates are also used as bicycle baskets.

Basket weaving
Basket weaving (also basketry or basket making) is the process of weaving or sewing pliable materials into objects, such as baskets, mats, mesh bags or even furniture. Craftspeople and artists specialized in making baskets may be known as basket makers and basket weavers. Basket weaving is also a rural craft. It is also widely known in Middle Eastern regions such as Cyprus.

Basketry is made from a variety of fibrous or pliable materials—anything that will bend and form a shape. Examples include pine, straw, willow (esp. osier), oak, wisteria, forsythia, vines, stems, fur, hide, grasses, thread, and fine wooden splints. There are many applications for basketry, from simple mats to hot air balloon gondolas.

Many Indigenous peoples are renowned for their basket-weaving techniques.
Pennsauken High School
Pennsauken High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school in Pennsauken Township, Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades as the lone secondary school of the Pennsauken Public Schools.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,558 students and 106.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.6:1. There were 404 students (25.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 89 (5.7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

New Jersey Department of Education
The New Jersey Department of Education (NJ DOE) administers state and federal aid programs affecting more than 1.4 million public and non-public elementary and secondary school children in the state of New Jersey. The department is headquartered in the Judge Robert L. Carter Building in Trenton.
Family Guy season 24
The twenty-fourth season of the American animated television series Family Guy premiered on October 6, 2025. Like the previous season, it was preceded by two holiday specials airing exclusively on Hulu, with a Halloween special premiering on October 6, 2025, while the rest of the season began airing on February 15, 2026 on Fox as part of its Animation Domination programming block.

The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog, Rhode Island.

Season twenty-four would start the run of the twenty-third production season, which is executive produced by Seth MacFarlane, Alec Sulkin, Richard Appel, Steve Callaghan, Danny Smith, Kara Vallow, Mark Hentemann, Tom Devanney, Patrick Meighan, and Alex Carter. Sulkin and Appel returned as the series' showrunners.

Tom Devanney
Thomas Devanney is an American writer and producer. He has written several episodes of the animated series Family Guy.

Devanney also wrote briefly for The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, and was a producer on Perfect Strangers in the 1991–92 season. Devanney and his Perfect Strangers producing colleagues (Shari Hearn, Bob Keyes) went on to produce the Fox sitcom Shaky Ground, which ran during the 1992–93 season and starred Matt Frewer, Robin Riker and Jennifer Love Hewitt.

Devanney met fellow Family Guy writer Chris Sheridan while writing for the 1993 series Thea. While not only writing for several episodes of Family Guy including the famous "You Have AIDS" song, as well as The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air in the final season, he voiced Marilyn Manson in an episode of Family Guy.
2021 Copa LP Chile – Doubles
Hayley Carter and Luisa Stefani were the defending champions but chose not to participate.

Arianne Hartono and Olivia Tjandramulia won the title, defeating Katharina Gerlach and Daniela Seguel in the final, 6–1, 6–3.

Daniela Seguel
Daniela Valeska Seguel Carvajal (born 15 November 1992) is a Chilean professional tennis player. She has won 16 singles titles and 28 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 28 May 2018, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 162, weeks after reaching quarterfinals on the Copa Colsanitas, her best result on a WTA Tour tournament yet. Seguel's first-round win over Nicole Gibbs was the first professional match won by a Chilean female tennis player since 1980. On 7 July 2014, she peaked at No. 110 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Playing for Chile, Seguel has an overall win-loss record of 30–22 in Billie Jean King Cup (as of August 2024).
Sri Lankan IDP numbers, April 2009
Numbers of Sri Lankan internally displaced persons displaced from the Vanni region since October 2008 and detained by the Sri Lankan Military at various camps in northern and eastern Sri Lanka during April 2009:

Vanni (Sri Lanka)
The Vanni, also spelled Wanni, is the name given to the mainland area of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It covers the entirety of Mannar, Mullaitivu and Vavuniya Districts, and most of Kilinochchi District. It has an area of approximately 7,650 square kilometres (2,950 sq mi). The population and infrastructure of the Vanni were devastated by the Sri Lankan Civil War.