hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
VFW Club
The building of the VFW Club (Veterans of Foreign Wars Club), at 930 Adirondac in Hamilton, Montana, US, was built in around 1937.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

It is a one-and-a-half-story woodframe building, built by veterans of World War I, including Grundy Nichols who employed his team of horses and a slip to help excavate the basement. Early charter members also included Wilbur Vallance, Lawrence Waters, and Cecil Tucker.

Nichols' war service was in the Siberian Wolf Hound Division;  he served for 13 months as a guard on the railroad going inland to "Lake Bycol" (sic, presumably meaning Lake Baikal, which was crossed by the Trans-Siberian Railway).

27th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 27th Infantry Regiment, nicknamed the "Wolfhounds", is an infantry regiment of the United States Army established in 1901, traditionally aligned with the 25th Infantry Division for more than 8 decades. It served in the Philippine–American War, in the Siberian Intervention after World War I, and as part of the 25th Infantry Division ("Tropic Lightning") during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and later, the Iraq War.

Currently two active battalions of the regiment, the 1st and 2nd, as part of the 25th Infantry Division are stationed at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii. More recently the regiment deployed to Afghanistan for the second time, following two deployments to Iraq. The regimental march is the Wolfhound March.
Deudorix penningtoni
Deudorix penningtoni, the Pennington's playboy, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found from northern KwaZulu-Natal and southern Mpumalanga along the Lebombo foothills to the southern part of Limpopo.

The wingspan is 20–23 mm for males and 20–26 mm for females. Adults are on wing year-round with a peak from September to October in most of the range. In Limpopo, there is one main generation with adults on wing from April to June.

The larvae feed on Acacia afra and Acacia burkei, causing stem galls on the twigs.

Lebombo Mountains
The Lebombo Mountains, also called Lubombo Mountains, Rivombo Mountains (Portuguese: Montes Libombos), are an 800 km-long (500 mi), narrow range of mountains in Southern Africa. They stretch from Hluhluwe in KwaZulu-Natal in the south to Punda Maria in the Limpopo Province in South Africa in the north. Parts of the mountain range are also found in Mozambique and Eswatini.
James Batten
James Knox Batten (January 11, 1936 – June 24, 1995) was an American journalist and publisher. He was chief executive officer of Knight-Ridder publishing.  A native of Suffolk, Virginia, he studied chemistry and biology at Davidson College and began working as a journalist for the Charlotte Observer in 1957.  He joined Knight-Ridder's Washington, D.C. bureau in 1965 and covered the Civil Rights Movement.  He became City Editor of the Detroit Free Press in 1971, then returning to Charlotte, N.C. in 1972 as Executive Editor.  He moved to the company's corporate headquarters in Miami in 1975, becoming company president in 1982. Batten became chairman of Knight Ridder on October 1, 1989, succeeding Alvah Chapman, Jr.

He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1994. The same year, he was diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor and survived one year. He died in Miami aged 59.

Detroit Free Press
The Detroit Free Press (commonly referred to as the Freep) is one of two major daily newspapers in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is owned by USA Today Co., which also owns the main historical rival The Detroit News. Both newspapers operated under a joint operating agreement from 1989 until 2025. The Sunday edition is titled the Sunday Free Press.

The Free Press has received ten Pulitzer Prizes and four Emmy Awards. Its motto is "On Guard for 195 Years".
May 2012 Greek government formation
The Greek government formation of May 2012 was a series of failed attempts to form a new government after the legislative election in May 2012 by the three largest parties: New Democracy (centre-right), Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA, left-far left) and Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK, centre-Left), respectively, and then followed by the President of Greece. After the negotiations led by the president had failed on 15 May, a temporary caretaker cabinet under Council of State president Panagiotis Pikrammenos was appointed on 16 May, and a new election was set for 17 June.

Karolos Papoulias
Karolos Papoulias (Greek: Κάρολος Παπούλιας [ˈkarolos paˈpuʎas]; 4 June 1929 – 26 December 2021) was a Greek politician who served as the president of Greece from 2005 to 2015.

A member of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), he previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1989 and again from 1993 until 1996.
Tracheid
A tracheid is a long and tapered lignified cell in the xylem of vascular plants. It is a type of conductive cell called a tracheary element. Angiosperms also use another type of conductive cell, called vessel elements, to transport water through the xylem. The main functions of tracheid cells are to transport water and inorganic salts, and to provide structural support for trees. There are often pits on the cell walls of tracheids, which allows for water flow between cells. Tracheids are dead at functional maturity and do not have a protoplast. The wood (softwood) of gymnosperms such as pines and other conifers is mainly composed of tracheids. Tracheids are also the main conductive cells in the primary xylem of ferns.

The tracheid was first named by the German botanist Carl Gustav Sanio in 1863, from the German Tracheide.

Softwood
Softwood is wood from gymnosperm trees such as conifers. The term is opposed to hardwood, which is the wood from angiosperm trees. The main differences between hardwoods and softwoods is that the softwoods completely lack vessels (pores). The main softwood species (pines, spruces, larches, false tsugas) also have resin canals (or ducts) in their structure.
Eaton Hall (King City)
Eaton Hall is a large house in King City, Ontario, Canada, built in the Norman style for Lady Eaton in 1938–39 on a 700-acre (2.8 km²) parcel of land (partly the Ferguson farm). Lady Eaton and her husband, Sir John Craig Eaton acquired the land in 1920 and 1922 on recommendation from their friend Sir Henry Pellatt, who owned the nearby Mary Lake property. Lady Eaton moved into Eaton Hall three years after selling her city mansion, Ardwold. The house is adjacent to a body of water named Lake Jonda (a combination of the first three letters of her son John David Eaton's first and middle names), and nestled within the temperate forests of King Township. Upon completion, it contained 72 rooms. It became a beloved gathering place for the Eaton Family, owners of the Eaton's department stores based in Toronto.

Henry Pellatt
Major-General Sir Henry Mill Pellatt, CVO (January 6, 1859 – March 8, 1939) was a Canadian financier and soldier. He was involved in bringing hydro-electricity to Toronto for the first time. His château in Toronto, called Casa Loma, was the largest private residence ever constructed in Canada and became a landmark of the city. His summer home and farm in King City, Ontario, later became Marylake Augustinian Monastery.

Pellatt was also a supporter of the Boy Scouts of Canada. His first wife, Mary, was the first Chief Commissioner of the Girl Guides of Canada.
Psychtoolbox for MATLAB
Psychophysics Toolbox Version 3 (PTB-3) is a collection of free functions for MATLAB or GNU Octave intended for use by neuroscience and vision researchers. It synthesizes and shows accurately controlled visual and auditory stimuli and interacts with the observer. It has at least twelve thousand active users, an active forum, and many citations. PTB-3 is based on the Psychophysics Toolbox Version 2 (PTB-2) but its MATLAB extensions (in C) were rewritten to be more modular and use OpenGL. Psychtoolbox is offered alongside many alternative toolboxes for programming Psychophysics and Psychology experiments, such as PsychoPy for Python or jsPsych for JavaScript.

Psychophysics Toolbox Version 3 is free software. Most of it is released under the MIT License, but parts of it are licensed under other open source and free software licenses.

MATLAB
MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks. MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages.

Although MATLAB is intended primarily for numeric computing, an optional toolbox uses the MuPAD symbolic engine allowing access to symbolic computing abilities. An additional package, Simulink, adds graphical multi-domain simulation and model-based design for dynamic and embedded systems.

As of 2020, MATLAB has more than four million users worldwide. They come from various backgrounds of engineering, science, and economics. As of 2017, more than 5000 global colleges and universities use MATLAB to support instruction and research.
Free-form select
Free-Form Select (with synonyms) is a technique in printmaking, graphic design and image processing.

The effect is to erase background colors or elements from a motif to create stand-alone objects. Today, this is done with graphics software (computer graphics) and computers rather than by cutting away parts with scissors or scalpels.

Almost every modern graphics software includes this feature, such as CorelDRAW, Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, and Microsoft Paint. The motif which is to be cut-out freehanded is defined by a border path around the motif.

Free-Form Select is also understood in coloring parts of a black-and-white images and vice versa. Coloring a single object within a black-and-white environment is sometimes called Sin City effect.

Computer graphics (computer science)
Computer graphics is a sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content. Although the term often refers to the study of three-dimensional computer graphics, it also encompasses two-dimensional computer graphics and image processing.
National Assembly Building of Armenia
The National Assembly Building of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Ազգային ժողովի շենքը; Hayastani Azgayin Zhoghovi Shenk) is the home of the National Assembly of Armenia. The building is located on Baghramyan Avenue in Yerevan, Armenia's capital city. It was designed by Mark Grigorian. It was completed in 1950 and initially housed the legislature of Soviet Armenia, the Supreme Soviet. Since the adoption of the Armenian Constitution in 1995, the building has been occupied by the National Assembly.

Baghramyan Avenue
Marshal Baghramyan Avenue (Armenian: Մարշալ Բաղրամյան Պողոտա) is an avenue in the central Kentron and the northwestern Arabkir districts of Yerevan, Armenia. The avenue is named after the Soviet Armenian commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union Hovhannes Baghramyan whose statue stands at the central part of the avenue. It was known as the Friendship Avenue (Comradeship Avenue) between 1970 and 1995, as a tribute to the friendship of all Soviet Union member nations.

The 2.2-kilometre-long (1.4 mi) avenue starts with the Place de France at the east and ends up with the Barekamutyun Square at the west. It is mainly home to educational, government and foreign diplomatic mission buildings.
Kouka, Banwa
Kouka (also, Kuko, Kouko, and Kouba) is the capital of the Kouka Department in Banwa Province in Burkina Faso. The Bobo-Oule-inhabited town was besieged for 3 months by Ousman-Oule, grandson of Sekou Watara, and incorporated into the Kong Empire in the early 18th century.

11°54′N 4°20′W﻿ / ﻿11.900°N 4.333°W﻿ / 11.900; -4.333

Kong Empire
The Kong Empire (1710–1898), also known as the Wattara Empire or Ouattara Empire for its founder Seku Watara, was a pre-colonial state centered in what is now northeastern Ivory Coast that also encompassed much of present-day Burkina Faso and parts of Mali and Ghana.  It established a largely decentralized commercial empire based upon linkages between merchant houses, protecting trade routes throughout the region. Kong rose to prominence in the 1700s as a key commercial center and center of Islamic studies.  In 1898, Samori Ture attacked the city and burnt it down.  Although the city was rebuilt, the Kong empire did not survive and the French took control over the area.
Black Rock, Victoria
Black Rock is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 18 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Bayside local government area. Black Rock recorded a population of 6,389 at the 2021 census.

City of Bayside
The City of Bayside is a local government area in Victoria, Australia. It is within the southern suburbs of Melbourne. It has an area of 36 square kilometres and in 2018 had a population of 105,718 people.
Egvad Municipality
Until 1 January 2007 Egvad was a municipality (Danish: kommune) in Ringkjøbing County near the west coast of the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark.  The municipality covered an area of 377 square kilometres [km2] (146 sq mi), and had a total population of 9,396 (2005).  Its last mayor was Kent Skaanning. The municipality's main town and the site of its municipal council was Tarm. Ringkøbing Fjord defined its northwestern border.

Egvad municipality ceased to exist due to Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007).  It will be merged with existing Holmsland, Ringkøbing, Skjern, and Videbæk municipalities to form the new Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 1,485 km2 (573 sq mi) and a total population of 57,818 (2005).  The new municipality belongs to the new Region Midtjylland ("Mid-Jutland Region").

Ringkjøbing County
Ringkjøbing County (Danish: Ringkjøbing Amt) is a former county (Danish: amt) on the Jutland peninsula in western Denmark. It had the lowest population density of all the Danish counties. The county was abolished effective January 1, 2007, when it merged into Region Midtjylland (i.e. Region Central Jutland).

Note of terminology: A modern Danish spelling of the name would be Ringkøbing Amt, but the county officially used an older, traditional spelling, as opposed to the municipality of Ringkøbing.
Hugh Pugh (priest)
Hugh Pugh  was a Welsh Anglican priest.

Newcombe was educated at All Souls College, Oxford. He held incumbencies at Shrivenham, Ruthin and Llandudno.

He was Archdeacon of Merioneth from 1681 until his death on 22 March 1683.

All Souls College, Oxford
All Souls College (official name: The College of All Souls of the Faithful Departed, of Oxford) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Unique to All Souls, all of its members automatically become fellows (i.e., full members of the college's governing body). It has no student members, but each year, recent graduates are eligible to apply for a small number of examination fellowships through a competitive examination (once described as "the hardest exam in the world") and, for those shortlisted after the examinations, an interview.

The college entrance is on the north side of High Street, whilst it has a long frontage onto Radcliffe Square. To its east is The Queen's College, whilst Hertford College is to the north of All Souls.

The current warden (head of the college) is Sir John Vickers, a graduate of Oriel College, Oxford.
Altona (West Virginia)
Altona, near Charles Town, West Virginia, is a historic farm with an extensive set of subsidiary buildings.  The original Federal style plantation house was built in 1793 by Revolutionary War officer Abraham Davenport on land purchased from Charles Washington. The house was expanded by Abraham's son, Colonel Braxton Davenport. During the Civil War the farm was a favored encampment. Generals Philip Sheridan and Ulysses S. Grant both used the house as a headquarters and meeting place.

The farm was sold out of the Davenport family in 1906, but repurchased in 1936.  In the interim, a Sears, Roebuck house was added to the property.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Hani Motoko
Hani Motoko (Japanese: 羽仁 もと子; 1873–1957) is considered to be Japan's first female journalist.

Born into a former samurai family, Hani was born Matsuoka Motoko in Aomori Prefecture and was baptized a Christian in 1890. She was educated at Tokyo First Higher Women's School and then at the Meiji Women's Christian School. After leaving school in 1892, she taught school in Hachinohe and in Morioka. Her marriage in 1895 did not work out and she moved to Tokyo, working as a maid for a female doctor. She joined Hochi Shinbun in 1897, working first as a copy editor and later becoming a reporter. In 1901, she married a co-worker, Hani Yoshikazu. Together, they founded a new magazine called Fujin no Tomo (Women's friend) in 1908. An association of readers of that magazine was established in 1930 which still existed as of 1999. In 1921, the couple founded a private school for girls, Jiyu Gakuen. She wrote an autobiography in 1928 titled Speaking of Myself.

Morioka
Morioka (盛岡市, Morioka-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [mo.ɾʲiꜜ.o.ka, -ɾʲi.o.kaꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Iwate Prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. On 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 283,981 in 132,719 households, and a population density of 320 per square kilometre (830/sq mi). The total area of the city is 886.47 square kilometres (342.27 sq mi).
Karpin, Police County
Karpin [ˈkarpin] (German: Karpin) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Police, within Police County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Police and 26 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Szczecin.

Police, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Police (Polish: [pɔˈlʲit͡sɛ]; German: Pölitz) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is the capital of Police County and one of the biggest towns of the Szczecin metropolitan area.

The town is situated on the Oder River and its estuary, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The centre of Police is situated about 15 kilometres (9 miles) north of the centre of Szczecin.
Arie Altman (Plant Biology and AgBiotech)
Arie Altman (Hebrew: אריה אלטמן; born July 8, 1937) is Professor Emeritus in the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He has also been a guest professor at Yale University, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego (USA), University College London, Cambridge University (UK), Paris University XI, INRA Versailles (France), Free University Amsterdam (The Netherlands) and Natal University (South Africa).

Scripps Research
Scripps Research is a nonprofit American medical research facility that focuses on research and education in the biomedical sciences. Headquartered in San Diego, California, the institute has over 170 laboratories employing 2,100 scientists, technicians, graduate students, and administrative and other staff.

The institute holds over 1,100 patents, has produced 11 FDA-approved therapeutics, and has generated over 50 spin-off companies. The Scripps Research graduate program is ranked 9th nationally in the biological sciences, 6th for organic chemistry, and 6th for biochemistry.

In 2022, their Jupiter, Florida, campus became a part of the University of Florida. Jupiter-based graduate students remain part of the Scripps Research graduate program.
Sheafer
Sheafer, Sheaffer, and Sheafor are variations of a surname.

People with this surname include

Sheafer

Edward D. Sheafer Jr. (1940–2016), United States Navy officer

Sheaffer

Danny Sheaffer (born 1961), American baseball player

John Richard Sheaffer (born 1931), is an American innovator

Robert Sheaffer (born 1949), American freelance writer and UFO skeptic

Sasha Pieterse (née Sheaffer; born 1996), South African-born American actress, singer and songwriter

Walter A. Sheaffer (1867–1946), American inventor and businessman

Sheafor

John W. Sheafor (1852–1928), justice of the Colorado Supreme Court

Nathan Sheafor (born 1961), American cyclist

Nathan Sheafor
Nathan Sheafor (born November 16, 1961) is an American former cyclist. Sheafor won the 1989 United States National Time Trial Championships. He also competed in the team time trial at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
Comparison of Java and C++
Java and C++ are two prominent object-oriented programming languages. By many language popularity metrics, the two languages have dominated object-oriented and high-performance software development for much of the 21st century, and are often directly compared and contrasted. Java's syntax was based on C/C++.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
Boeing YQM-94 B-Gull
The Boeing YQM-94 B-Gull (also called Compass Cope B) is a developmental aerial reconnaissance drone developed by Boeing. It could take off and land from a runway like a manned aircraft, and operate at high altitudes for up to 24 hours to perform aerial surveillance, communications relay, or atmospheric sampling.

Aerial reconnaissance
Aerial reconnaissance is reconnaissance for a military or strategic purpose that is conducted using reconnaissance aircraft. The role of reconnaissance can fulfil a variety of requirements including artillery spotting, the collection of imagery intelligence, and the observation of enemy maneuvers.
Matthew Hughes (politician)
Matthew Hughes (born 9 February 1950) is an Australian former politician. He was a Labor member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from the 2017 state election, representing Kalamunda, until his retirement at the 2025 state election.

Hughes was born in Audenshaw in the United Kingdom, and moved to Australia in 1979. He was a teacher and the principal of John Septimus Roe Anglican Community School, and also served on Swan City Council.

He is affiliated with the United Workers Union, which is aligned with the Labor Left faction.

Hughes announced his retirement as the Member for Kalamunda on 9 February 2024, his 74th birthday.

United Workers Union
The United Workers Union (UWU) is an Australian trade union. Described as the biggest blue-collar union in Australia, the UWU covers more than 150,000 workers within over 45 industries, including warehousing, defence, hospitality, health, disability support, early childhood education, aged care, logistics and supermarket supply, cleaning, security, farming, manufacturing, and market research. The union is the result of the 2019 merger of two Australian trade unions: United Voice and the National Union of Workers. The United Workers Union is a member of the Labor Left.

The union is unique in its structure, having only one centralised federal branch which is not separated into state branches.