hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shen Huzi
Shen Huzi (沈虎子) was an official of the Wuyue kingdom during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, serving as chancellor under Qian Chu (錢俶) (King Zhongyi).

When Emperor Taizu of Song campaigned against the Southern Tang in Jiangnan, he ordered Wuyue to dispatch troops. Qian Chu wished to attack Changzhou, but Shen Huzi remonstrated: "Jiangnan is our kingdom's protective screen. Now Your Majesty removes your own screen—what shall we use to defend the country?" The king refused to heed this counsel and ultimately advanced to capture Changzhou. In 978, Shen Huzi accompanied Qian Chu in submitting to the Song dynasty. Emperor Taizong of Song granted him official rank and title, and he died on his duty.

Changzhou
Changzhou is a prefecture-level city in southern Jiangsu, China. It was previously known as Yanling, Lanling, and Jinling. Located on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, Changzhou borders the provincial capital of Nanjing to the west, Zhenjiang to the northwest, Wuxi to the east, and the province of Zhejiang to the south. The population of the Changzhou Municipality was 5,278,121 at the 2020 census. The city is the birthplace of Zhou Youguang who created the pinyin romanization system.
Ozanlı, Çayırlı
Ozanlı (Kurdish: Heyranî) is a village in the Çayırlı District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kurêşan tribe and had a population of 68 in 2021.

The hamlet of Babaşenliği is attached to the village.

Çayırlı District
Çayırlı District is a district of Erzincan Province in Turkey. The municipality of Çayırlı is the seat and the district had a population of 8,383 in 2021. Its area is 1,062 km2.

The district was established in 1954.
Sophie Camard
Sophie Camard (born 9 December 1972) is a French politician of La France insoumise. Since 2020, she has served as mayor of the 1st sector of Marseille, consisting of the 1st and 7th arrondissements. In the 2021 departmental elections, she was elected member of the Departmental Council of Bouches-du-Rhône. She was a member of the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur from 2010 to 2015, and was the lead candidate of the Left Front in the 2015 regional election. From 2017 to 2022, she was the substitute of Jean-Luc Mélenchon. In the 2024 European Parliament election, she was a candidate for member of the European Parliament.

Substitute (elections)
A substitute is a political candidate who is not directly elected, but who succeeds a politician holding an elected office after that person ceases to hold the office due to, for example, resignation or death. This system can be used to fill casual vacancies instead of holding by-elections or special elections to fill the vacant office. Substitutes are nominated, not at the time the vacancy arises but, rather, before the election for the information of voters. In voting systems which use electoral lists, the candidates on a given list who are not among those initially elected may become the substitutes for those who are. In other systems, individual candidates may have substitutes.
Llançà
Llançà (Catalan pronunciation: [ʎənˈsa]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Alt Empordà in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the coastline of the Costa Brava, between the Cap de Creus and the French frontier and is an important fishing port and tourist centre. The N-260 connects the town with Figueres and continues on to the border at Portbou.

The GR 92 long-distance footpath, which roughly follows the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, has a staging point at Llançà. Stage 1 links northwards to Portbou, a distance of 9.8 kilometres (6.1 mi), whilst stage 2 links southwards to Cadaqués, a distance of 20.3 kilometres (12.6 mi).

Alt Empordà
Alt Empordà (Catalan: [ˈal əmpuɾˈða]; Spanish: Alto Ampurdán; "Upper Empordà") is a comarca (county) located in the Girona region, in Catalonia, Spain. It is one of two comarques into which Empordà was divided by the comarca division of Catalonia in 1936, the other one being Baix Empordà. The capital is the municipality of Figueres.
Łęki Szlacheckie
Łęki Szlacheckie (Polish pronunciation: [ˈwɛŋkʲi ʂlaˈxɛtskʲɛ]) is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łęki Szlacheckie. It lies approximately 26 km (16 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski and 71 km (44 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków County
Piotrków County (Polish: powiat piotrkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Piotrków Trybunalski, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Piotrków County are Sulejów, which lies 15 km (9 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and Wolbórz (classed as a town since 1 January 2011).

The county covers an area of 1,429.12 square kilometres (551.8 sq mi). In 2006, its total population was 90,227, made up of 6,387 in Sulejów and a rural population of 83,840.
2021 Stockholm International Film Festival
The 32nd Stockholm International Film Festival took place on 10–21 November 2021 in Stockholm, Sweden.

Ukrainian crime drama film Rhino won the Bronze Horse, most prestigious award. Kenneth Branagh's Belfast won the Audience Award.

Luàna Bajrami
Luàna Bajrami-Rahmani (French: [lwana baʒʁami]; born 14 March 2001) is a French actress. She is known for her roles in the films Portrait of a Lady on Fire (2019) and School's Out (2018). She made her directorial debut with The Hill Where Lionesses Roar (2021).
2000 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo – Doubles
Tina Križan and Katarina Srebotnik were the defending champions, but lost in semifinals to tournament winners Silvia Farina and Rita Grande.

Silvia Farina and Rita Grande won the title by defeating Ruxandra Dragomir and Virginia Ruano Pascual 6–4, 0–6, 7–6(8–6) in the final.

Tina Križan
Tina Križan (born 18 March 1974) is a former Slovenian professional tennis player.

Known primarily for her achievements playing doubles, she reached a career-high singles ranking of 95, including a win over Jana Novotna, and a career-high doubles ranking of 19 in 2002. She won six WTA doubles titles and was runner-up in more than 10 WTA doubles events. She also won 10 ITF tournaments.

She represented Slovenia in doubles at the Olympics in 1992, 2000, and 2004, and in the latter two events, her partner was Katarina Srebotnik). She qualified twice for the doubles season end Masters Championships in Munich and Los Angeles.

Tina Križan holds the record for Fed Cup appearances for her country, representing Slovenia in 46 ties and playing a record 72 matches.

She graduated from Maribor University in 2004.
Reporoa
Reporoa  is a rural community in Rotorua Lakes within the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island.

It is located within the Reporoa Caldera, a caldera in the Taupō Volcanic Zone containing the Deer Hill, Kairuru and Pukekahu rhyolitic lava domes and the active Reporoa geothermal field. Several hydrothermal explosions have occurred in the area, with a large one being recorded in 1948, and another large one occurring in a cow paddock in April 2005.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "long swamp" for Reporoa.

Hinduism in New Zealand
Hinduism is the second largest religion in New Zealand. It is also one of the fastest-growing religions in the country. According to the 2023 census, Hindus form 2.9% of the population of New Zealand. There are about 153,534 Hindus in New Zealand.

Hindus from all over India continue to immigrate today, with the largest Indian ethnic subgroup being Gujaratis, Haryanvi and Dravidians. A later wave of immigrants also includes Hindu immigrants who were of Indian descent from nations that were historically under European colonial rule, such as Fiji. Today there are Hindu temples in all major New Zealand cities.
Rendezvous in July
Rendezvous in July (French: Rendez-vous de juillet) is a 1949 French comedy film directed  Jacques Becker and starring Daniel Gélin, Brigitte Auber and Nicole Courcel. It was entered into the 1949 Cannes Film Festival. It was shot at the Francoeur Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert-Jules Garnier. The film was selected for screening as part of the Cannes Classics section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. It had its New York premiere in 2018. The New York Times said it was "superabundant in charm, wit and soul".

2016 Cannes Film Festival
The 69th Cannes Film Festival took place from 11 to 22 May 2016. Australian filmmaker George Miller was the president of the jury for the main competition. British filmmaker Ken Loach won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for a second time with the drama film I, Daniel Blake. At a press conference, Loach said that he was "quietly stunned" to win.

The official poster pays homage to Jean-Luc Godard's Contempt (1963), featuring a still of Michel Piccoli ascending the Casa Malaparte. French actor Laurent Lafitte was the host for the opening and closing ceremonies.

The festival opened with Café Society by Woody Allen.
Ravennika
Ravennika or Ravenica was a medieval settlement in Central Greece.

Ravennika is first mentioned as "Rovinaca" by the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela, who reported 100 Jewish families there. The name is most likely of Slavic origin, its meaning is similar to "plain". Its exact location is unclear, but from the literary references it appears to have been near the mouths of the Spercheios River, south of Lamia.

The town was the scene of two parliaments held by the Latin Emperor Henry of Flanders, one in 1209 to receive the submission of the rebellious Crusader lords of the Kingdom of Thessalonica and southern Greece, and the second in 1210 to settle the disputes between the Crusader lords and the Roman Catholic Church prelates in Greece.

Latin Emperor
The Latin emperor was the ruler of the Latin Empire, the historiographical convention for the Crusader realm, established in Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade (1204) and lasting until the city was reconquered by the Byzantine Greeks in 1261. Its name derives from its Catholic and Western European ("Latin") nature. The empire, whose official name was Imperium Romaniae (Latin: "Empire of Romania"), claimed the direct heritage of the Eastern Roman Empire, which had most of its lands taken and partitioned by the crusaders. This claim however was disputed by the Byzantine Greek successor states, the Empire of Nicaea, the Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus. Out of these three, the Nicaeans succeeded in displacing the Latin emperors in 1261 and restored the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.
Photon diffusion
Photon diffusion is a situation where photons travel through a material without being absorbed, but rather undergoing repeated scattering events which change the direction of their path. The path of any given photon is then effectively a random walk. A large ensemble of such photons can be said to exhibit diffusion in the material, and can be described with a diffusion equation.

Ensemble (mathematical physics)
In physics, specifically statistical mechanics, an ensemble (also statistical ensemble) is an idealization consisting of a large number of virtual copies (sometimes infinitely many) of a system, considered all at once, each of which represents a possible state that the real system might be in. In other words, a statistical ensemble is a set of systems of particles used in statistical mechanics to describe a single
system. The concept of an ensemble was introduced by J. Willard Gibbs in 1902.

A thermodynamic ensemble is a specific variety of statistical ensemble that, among other properties, is in statistical equilibrium (defined below), and is used to derive the properties of thermodynamic systems from the laws of classical or quantum mechanics.
John M. Squire
John Michael Squire (27 June 1945 – 31 January 2021) was a British professor of structural biophysics in the University of London, a visiting professor at Imperial College London and a research fellow at the University of Bristol, where he researched muscle contraction and blood vessel glycocalyx structure.  He was a Fellow of both the Institute of Physics and the Society of Biology.  He was an emeritus member of the US Biophysical Society and an honorary member of the British Biophysical Society.

He died from COVID-19 in January 2021, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in England.

British Biophysical Society
The British Biophysical Society is a scientific society that exists to encourage and disseminate developments in the application of physical and chemical concepts to biological systems. It was founded in 1960 following a report from a Working Party on Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry initiated by the Council of the then Faraday Society of London. The current Chair is Olwyn Byron.
James Lomas (rugby league)
James Lomas (26 August 1879 – 11 February 1960), also known by the nickname of "Jumbo", was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s, 1900s, 1910s and 1920s, and coached in the 1920s. three-quarter, and prominent goal-kicker, he captained the Great Britain national rugby league team. After starting with his home town Maryport's rugby union club, Lomas switched to rugby league, playing for Bramley, Salford, Oldham and York in a career that lasted for twenty-four years from 1899 to 1923, and saw him set new transfer fee and point scoring records. He also played representative matches for England, Lancashire and Cumberland. After retiring from playing Lomas coached Salford.

Other Nationalities rugby league team
The Other Nationalities rugby league team was a rugby league representative team that usually consisted of non-English players. They competed in the first ever rugby league international in 1904, against England, fielding players from Wales and Scotland. The team was later represented by players from Australia, Fiji, Ireland, New Zealand, and South Africa. The Other Nationalities team wore green shirts.
Millsdale station
Millsdale station was an Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway station in the ghost town of Millsdale, Illinois. It was located on the east bank of the Des Plaines River, and had two tracks passing through. The station is on the BNSF Chillicothe Subdivision and freight trains still pass by the site of the former depot.

Des Plaines River
The Des Plaines River (/dɪsˈpleɪnz/ diss-PLAYNZ) (French: Rivière des Plaines) is a river that flows southward for 133 miles (214 km) through southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois in the United States Midwest, eventually meeting the Kankakee River west of Channahon to form the Illinois River, a tributary of the Mississippi River.

Native Americans used the river as transportation route and portage.  When French explorers and missionaries arrived in the 1600s, in what was then the Illinois Country of New France, they named the waterway La Rivière des Plaines (River of the Plains).  The local Native Americans showed these early European explorers how to traverse waterways of the Des Plaines watershed to travel from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River and its valley.

Parts of the river are now part of the Illinois Waterway and the Chicago Area Waterway System.
Symbols of Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God. It is the world's second-largest religion, with over 2 billion followers (Muslims) comprising nearly a quarter of the world's population.

Seljuk dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (/ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk; Turkish: Selçuklular, Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian,) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that culturally became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture.

The founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Seljuk Beg, was a descendant of a royal Khazar chief Tuqaq who served as advisor to the King of the Khazars, in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks established the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), the Sultanate of Kermân (1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade.
1945 Dalhart Army Air Field Dominators football
The 1945 Dalhart Army Air Field Dominators football team represented the United States Army Air Forces's Dalhart Army Air Field (Dalhart AAF) near Dalhart, Texas during the 1945 college football season. Led by head coach Ben Freeman, the Dominators compiled a record of 0–3.

Dalhart AAF ranked 276th among the nation's college and service teams in the final Litkenhous Ratings.

Dalhart Army Air Base
Dalhart Army Air Base is a former World War II military airfield complex near the city of Dalhart, Texas. It operated three training sites for the United States Army Air Forces from 1943 until 1945.

The majority of the namesake city of Dalhart, Texas lies in southern Dallam County, while those parts of Dalhart city south of 11th Street are actually in northern Hartley County, Texas.  The main airfield of Dalhart Army Air Base was 3.4 miles southwest of the city, so it was located in Hartley County.  Auxiliary #1 (Hartley Field) was 10.2 miles west-southwest of the city, also in Hartley County.  Auxiliary #2 (Dallam Field) was located 5.5 miles east-northeast of the city in Dallam County.
Triệu dynasty
The Triệu dynasty or Zhao dynasty (Chinese: 趙朝; lit. 'Zhao dynasty'; Vietnamese: Nhà Triệu; 茹趙) ruled the kingdom of Nanyue, which consisted of parts of southern China as well as northern Vietnam. Its capital was Panyu, in modern Guangzhou. The founder of the dynasty, Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà), was a Chinese general from Hebei and originally served as a military governor under the Qin dynasty. He asserted the state's independence in 207 BC as the Qin dynasty was collapsing. The ruling elite included both native Yue and immigrant Han peoples. Zhao Tuo conquered the Vietnamese state of Âu Lạc and led a coalition of Yuè states in a war against the Han dynasty, which had been expanding southward. Subsequent rulers were less successful in asserting their independence and the Han dynasty finally conquered the kingdom in 111 BC.

Liubo
Liubo (Chinese: 六博; Old Chinese *kruk pˤak “six sticks”) was an ancient Chinese board game for two players.  The rules have largely been lost, but it is believed that each player had six game pieces that were moved around the points of a square game board that had a distinctive, symmetrical pattern. Moves were determined by the throw of six sticks, which performed the same function as dice in other race games.

The game was invented no later than the middle of the 1st millennium BCE, and was popular during the Han dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE). However, after the Han dynasty it rapidly declined in popularity, possibly due to the rise in popularity of the game of weiqi (go), and it became totally forgotten.

Knowledge of the game has increased in recent years with archeological discoveries of Liubo game boards and game equipment in ancient tombs, as well as discoveries of Han dynasty picture stones and picture bricks depicting Liubo players.
Mark Hofmann
Mark William Hofmann (born December 7, 1954) is an American counterfeiter, forger, and convicted murderer. Widely regarded as one of the most accomplished forgers in history, Hofmann is especially noted for his creation of fake documents related to the history of the Latter Day Saint movement. When his schemes began to unravel, he constructed bombs to murder three people in Salt Lake City, Utah. The first two bombs killed two people on October 15, 1985. On the following day, a third bomb exploded in Hofmann's car. He was arrested for the bombings three months later, and in 1987 pled guilty to two counts of second-degree murder, one count of theft by deception, and one count of fraud.

Counterfeit
A counterfeit is a fake or unauthorized replica of a genuine product, such as money, documents, designer items, or other valuable goods. Counterfeiting generally involves creating an imitation of a genuine item that closely resembles the original to deceive others into believing it is authentic.

Counterfeit products are often made to take advantage of the higher value of the original product, typically using lower-quality materials or production methods. Counterfeit food, drinks, medicines, and personal care products can contain harmful or inactive ingredients, causing anything from mild issues to serious, life-threatening ones. Counterfeit footwear, clothing, and accessories have been found to contain high levels of lead, arsenic, and phthalates.
AGO Flugzeugwerke
AGO Flugzeugwerke was a German aircraft manufacturing company from 1911 until 1945. The initials AGO had a variety of meanings (such as Aktiengesellschaft Otto) during the company's lifetime, but in its final version stood for Apparatebau GmbH Oschersleben. At its peak, the company employed around 4,500 people.

Aktiengesellschaft
Aktiengesellschaft (German pronunciation: [ˈaktsi̯ənɡəˌzɛlʃaft] ⓘ; abbreviated AG [aːˈgeː] ⓘ) is a German word for a corporation limited by share ownership (i.e., one which is owned by its shareholders) whose shares may be traded on a stock market. The term is used in Germany, Austria, Switzerland (where it is equivalent to a société anonyme or a società per azioni) and South Tyrol for companies incorporated there. In the United Kingdom, the equivalent term is public limited company, and in the United States, while the terms "incorporated" or "corporation" are typically used, technically the more precise equivalent term is "joint-stock company".
Ashapurna Devi
Ashapurna Devi (Bengali pronunciation: [aʃapurna debi]; 8 January 1909 – 12 July 1995), also Ashapoorna Devi or Ashapurna Debi, was a prominent Indian novelist and poet in Bengali. In 1976, she was awarded the Jnanpith Award and Padma Shri by the Government of India, D.Litt. by the Universities of Jabalpur, Rabindra Bharati, Burdwan and Jadavpur. Vishwa Bharati University honoured her with Deshikottam in 1989. For her contribution as a novelist and short story writer, the Sahitya Akademi conferred its highest honour, the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, in 1994.

University of Burdwan
The University of Burdwan (also known as Burdwan University or B. U.) is a public state university located in Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India. It was established by the West Bengal Government as a teaching and affiliating university on 15 June 1960 with six postgraduate departments and 30 undergraduate colleges spread over three districts that come under the jurisdiction of the university. The university currently offers more than 30 undergraduate and 66 postgraduate courses. It has grown as the second largest state university in West Bengal after University of Calcutta. Over the years, the University has consistently performed in the NIRF ranking by securing rank within top 100 under ‘University’ Category and occupied the rank of 89, 92, 85 and 87 in the years 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 respectively.