hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamiltonian vector field
In mathematics and physics, a Hamiltonian vector field on a symplectic manifold is a vector field defined for any energy function or Hamiltonian. Named after the physicist and mathematician Sir William Rowan Hamilton, a Hamiltonian vector field is a geometric manifestation of Hamilton's equations in classical mechanics. The integral curves of a Hamiltonian vector field represent solutions to the equations of motion in the Hamiltonian form. The diffeomorphisms of a symplectic manifold arising from the flow of a Hamiltonian vector field are known as canonical transformations in physics and (Hamiltonian) symplectomorphisms in mathematics.

Hamiltonian vector fields can be defined more generally on an arbitrary Poisson manifold. The Lie bracket of two Hamiltonian vector fields corresponding to functions  and  on the manifold is itself a Hamiltonian vector field, with the Hamiltonian given by the Poisson bracket of  and .

Diffeomorphism
In mathematics, a diffeomorphism is an isomorphism of differentiable manifolds. It is an invertible function that maps one differentiable manifold to another such that both the function and its inverse are continuously differentiable.
Raasay
Raasay (/ˈrɑːseɪ/; Scottish Gaelic: Ratharsair), sometimes the Isle of Raasay, is an island between the Isle of Skye and the mainland of Scotland. It is separated from Skye by the Sound of Raasay and from Applecross by the Inner Sound. It is famous for being the birthplace of Gaelic poet Sorley MacLean, an important figure in the Scottish Renaissance.

Traditionally the home of Clan MacSween, the island was ruled by the MacLeods from the 15th to the 19th century. Subsequently, a series of private landlords held title to the island, which is now largely in public ownership. Raasay House, which was visited by James Boswell and Samuel Johnson in 1773, is now a hotel, restaurant, bar and outdoor activity centre. Raasay means "Isle of the Roe Deer" and the island is home to an endemic subspecies of bank vole.

Scottish Renaissance
The Scottish Renaissance (Scottish Gaelic: Ath-bheòthachadh na h-Alba; Scots: Scots Renaissance) was a mainly literary movement of the early to mid-20th century that can be seen as the Scottish version of modernism. It is sometimes referred to as the Scottish literary renaissance, although its influence went beyond literature into music, visual arts, and politics (among other fields). key figures, like Hugh MacDiarmid, Sorley MacLean and other writers and artists of the Scottish Renaissance displayed a profound interest in both modern philosophy and technology, as well as incorporating folk influences, and a strong concern for the fate of Scotland's declining languages.

It has been seen as a parallel to other movements elsewhere, including the Irish Literary Revival, the Harlem Renaissance (in the United States), the Bengal Renaissance (in Kolkata, India) and the Jindyworobak Movement (in Australia), which emphasised indigenous folk traditions.
7×64mm
The 7×64mm (also unofficially known as the 7×64mm Brenneke, though its designer's name was never officially  added as a part of the cartridge name) is a rimless bottlenecked centerfire cartridge developed for hunting. As is customary in European cartridges, the 7 denotes the 7 mm bore diameter and the 64 denotes the 64 mm (2.5 in) case length. The 7×64mm is a popular hunting cartridge in Central Europe due to its 11.95 mm (0.470 in) case head diameter and 84 mm (3.3 in) overall length allowing it to easily be chambered in the standard length actions.

Centerfire ammunition
A center-fire (or centerfire) is a type of metallic cartridge used in firearms, where the primer is located at the center of the base of its casing (i.e. "case head").  Unlike rimfire cartridges, the centerfire primer is typically a separate component seated into a recessed cavity (known as the primer pocket) in the case head and is replaceable by reloading the cartridge.

Centerfire cartridges have supplanted the rimfire cartridge, with the exception of a few small calibers. The majority of today's handguns, rifles, and shotguns use centerfire ammunition, with the exception of some .17 caliber, .20 caliber, and .22 caliber rimfire handgun and rifle cartridges, a few small-bore/gauge shotgun shells (intended mainly for use in pest control), and a handful of antiquated rimfire and pinfire cartridges for various firearm actions.
Costacciaro
Costacciaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Perugia in the Italian region Umbria, located about 40 km northeast of Perugia. It is a medieval town that was first under the rule of Perugia and Gubbio before becoming part of the Papal States in the 15th century.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Bonnet macaque
The bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata), also known as zati, is a species of macaque endemic to southern India. Its distribution is limited by the Indian Ocean on three sides and the Godavari and Tapti rivers, along with that of the rhesus macaque, its related competitor to the north. Land use changes in the last few decades have resulted in changes in its distribution boundaries with the rhesus macaque, raising concern for its conservation status in the wild.

The bonnet macaque is diurnal, arboreal, and terrestrial. It can live up to 35 years in captivity.

The bonnet macaque feeds on fruits, nuts, seeds, flowers, invertebrates, and cereals. In southern India, this macaque has a commensal interaction with humans, feeding on food given by humans and raiding farms and houses.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.
WYFM
WYFM (102.9 FM) is a commercial radio station that is licensed to Sharon, Pennsylvania, United States. Serving the Youngstown, Ohio market. With a classic rock format, it is one of eight radio stations in the Youngstown market that is owned by Cumulus Media. Its studios and transmitter are located at "The Radio Center" in Youngstown.

The station has a large coverage area and can be picked up fairly well even in Akron, and as far away as Erie, Pennsylvania. Within the large coverage area, WYFM competes with WNCD in Niles, WONE in Akron, WRQK in Canton, WFXJ in Ashtabula, WNCX in Cleveland, WRKT and WQHZ in Erie, and WDVE in Pittsburgh.

WRQK-FM
WRQK-FM (106.9 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to serve Canton, Ohio, featuring a mainstream rock format known as "Rock 106.9". Owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., the station serves both the Canton and Akron metro areas and is the local affiliate for The House of Hair with Dee Snider. WRQK-FM's studios are located on Freedom Ave NW in North Canton, while the transmitter located off 22nd St NW in Canton. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WRQK-FM broadcasts in HD Radio, and is available online via iHeartRadio.
Ipeelee Kilabuk
Ipeelee Kilabuk (1932–2000) was a territorial level politician from Pangnirtung, Northwest Territories (now Nunavut), Canada.

Kilabuk was first elected to the Northwest Territories Legislature in the 1975 Northwest Territories general election. He ran for re-election in the 1979 Northwest Territories general election but was defeated by James Arreak. Arreak would last less than a year in office before resigning and Kilibuk returned to the legislature in a by-election held in September 1980. He would run for office again in the 1983 Northwest Territories general election but would be defeated for the second time by Pauloosie Paniloo. Paniloo and Kilabuk would face each other again in the 1987 Northwest Territories general election. This time Kilabuk would defeat Paniloo to win his third term in office. He would be defeated again at the end of his third term in the 1991 Northwest Territories general election.

Kilabuk died in March 2000 of a heart attack.

1979 Northwest Territories general election
The 1979 Northwest Territories general election was held on October 1, 1979.

Twenty-two members were elected to the Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly. In 1980, George Braden was named "Government Leader", the first democratic leader of the Northwest Territories since Frederick Haultain in 1905 and the first of its modern boundaries. In 1994, he was retroactively given the title Premier of the Northwest Territories.
Paladin (comics)
Paladin is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Jim Shooter and artist Carmine Infantino, the character first appeared in Daredevil #150 (January 1978). His real name is unknown, though he often uses the alias of Paul Denning. Although not a supervillain, his mercenary activities often bring him into conflict with superheroes, facing characters like Daredevil and the Punisher. He has notably worked for the Wild Pack, the Thunderbolts, and the Serpent Society.

The character is set to make his live-action debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) miniseries VisionQuest (2026), portrayed by Todd Stashwick.

Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.
Bradley Byquar
Bradley Byquar is an Australian actor and dancer. For his performance in Heartland he was nominated for the 1994 AFI Award for Best Lead Actor in a Television Drama.

On TV Byquar featured Heartland on the ABC in 1994 and in Fireflies, ABC 2004. He starred in Ivan Sen's short film Wind as an aboriginal tracker and featured in the Australian sci-fi film Zone 39.

On stage Byquar played in 1997's Ngundalehla Godotgai, a staging of Waiting for Godot translated into Galibal, in Up the Road (Belvoir Street Theatre, 1996 and The Malthouse, 1997) and The Singing Land (Belvoir Street Theatre, 1993)

Githabul language
Githabul, also known as Galibal, Dinggabal, and Condamine – Upper Clarence Bandjalang, is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Githabul living in South Queensland and North-East New South Wales.
Last Kind Words Blues
"Last Kind Words Blues", more commonly known as "Last Kind Words", is a 1930 blues song, written by Geeshie Wiley, and performed and recorded by Geeshie Wiley and Elvie Thomas. It was released on the Paramount Records label in July 1930, with "Skinny Leg Blues" as the B-side.

Third Man Records
Third Man Records is an eclectic, vinyl-focused independent record label founded and owned by Jack White, Ben Blackwell, and Ben Swank. The company operates out of three locations—Nashville, Detroit, and Soho in London—with multiple entities expanding upon the offerings of a traditional record label, including multiple live music venues, vinyl pressing plant, film studio and dark room, guitar pedal and gear company, mastering studio, vinyl subscription service, and a publishing arm.
2016 ITF Women's Circuit – Shenzhen – Doubles
Noppawan Lertcheewakarn and Lu Jiajing were the defending champions, but both players chose not to participate.

Shuko Aoyama and Makoto Ninomiya won the title, defeating Liang Chen and Wang Yafan in the final, 7–6(7–5), 6–4.

Shuko Aoyama
Shuko Aoyama (青山 修子, Aoyama Shūko; born 19 December 1987) is a Japanese professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.

Aoyama turned professional after graduating from Waseda University. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 182, on 9 February 2015, and a doubles ranking of world No. 4, on 28 February 2022. She plays predominantly in doubles and has won 20 titles on the WTA Tour, having had her most successful Grand Slam appearances at the 2023 Australian Open final and at Wimbledon, reaching the semifinals at the 2013 and 2021 tournaments. She has also won four singles and 30 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Lopukhov
Lopukhov (Russian: Лопухов, from лопух meaning burdock) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Lopukhova. Notable people with the surname include:

Fyodor Lopukhov (1886–1973), Russian ballet choreographer

Lydia Lopokova (née Lopukhova, 1892–1981), Russian ballerina, sister of Fyodor

Stanislav Lopukhov (born 1972), Russian swimmer

Lydia Lopokova
Lydia Lopokova, Baroness Keynes (born Lidiya Vasilyevna Lopukhova, Russian: Лидия Васильевна Лопухова; 21 October 1891 – 8 June 1981) was a Russian ballerina famous during the early 20th century.

Lopokova trained at the Imperial Ballet School. She toured with the Ballets Russes in 1910, and rejoined them in 1916 after an interlude in the United States.

Lopokova married the English economist John Maynard Keynes in 1925 and was also known as the Lady Keynes. She largely disappeared from public view after Keynes's death in 1946 and spent her remaining years in Sussex.
Choo Wee Khiang
Choo Wee Khiang (Chinese: 朱为强; pinyin: Zhū Wéiqiáng; born 1955) is a former politician in Singapore's governing People's Action Party (PAP). He was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Whampoa division of Jalan Besar Group Representation Constituency between 1997 and 1999. Choo resigned from both the party and Parliament before being convicted for cheating.

Choo had previously represented the Kallang division of Jalan Besar GRC between 1991 and 1997 and the Joo Chiat division of Marine Parade GRC between 1981 and 1991. Choo was charged with three counts of corruption in 2011 and one of criminal breach of trust during his tenure as President of the Singapore Table Tennis Association between 1991 and 1998 and again between 2002 and 2008.

Prime Minister of Singapore
The prime minister of Singapore is the head of government of Singapore. The president appoints the prime minister on the advice and consent of the Cabinet of Singapore. The incumbent prime minister is Lawrence Wong, an MP for Marsiling–Yew Tee Group Representation Constituency from the governing People's Action Party, who took office on 15 May 2024.

Singapore is modelled after the Westminster system. The prime minister only governs with the confidence of the majority in Parliament; as such, the prime minister typically sits as a member of Parliament (MP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. In practice, the prime minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.
Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 50 metre backstroke
The Women's 50m Backstroke at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships took place on 28 March (prelims & semifinals) and the evening of 29 March (finals) at the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, Australia. 95 swimmers were entered in the event, of which, 93 swam.

The USA's Natalie Coughlin established a new Championship Record for the distance (28.30) the day prior to the event, with her split from the women's 100m Back final. The record for the distance had been 28.31 by China's Gao Chang from the 2005 Worlds.

Existing records at the start of the event started were:

World Record (WR):  28.19, Janine Pietsch (Germany), 25 May 2005 in Berlin, Germany.

Championship Record (CR): 28.30, Natalie Coughlin (USA), Melbourne 2007 (27 March 2007)

2005 World Aquatics Championships
The 2005 World Aquatics Championships (French: Championnats du monde de natation 2005) or the XI FINA World Championships were held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from July 16 to July 31, 2005. They took place in Parc Jean-Drapeau on Saint Helen's Island.
Antonia Quirke
Antonia Quirke is a British film critic. As well as writing on film for the Financial Times and a weekly column for the New Statesman, she has presented regularly on The Film Programme, Pick of the Week, BBC Radio 4, as well as Film... and The One Show on BBC One.

Quirke attended, in her words, a "doughty northern convent school", the Loreto Grammar School gaining 6 O-levels and 4 A-levels. She lived on Spring Road.

She has a degree in English literature from University College London.

Quirke participated in the 2012 Sight & Sound critics' poll, where she listed her ten favourite films as follows: The Deer Hunter, Going Places, Jaws, King Kong, Nosferatu, On the Waterfront, Rear Window, Reds, This Is Spinal Tap, and A Woman Is a Woman.

The Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2012
The Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2012 was a worldwide opinion poll conducted by Sight & Sound and published in the magazine's September 2012 issue. Sight & Sound, published by the British Film Institute, has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952.
2022 KBS Drama Awards
The 2022 KBS Drama Awards (Korean: 2022 KBS 연기대상; Hanja: 2022 KBS 演技大賞; RR: 2022 KBS Yeon-gi Daesang), presented by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), was held on December 31, 2022, from 21:20 (KST) at KBS Hall in Yeouido, Seoul. It was hosted by Jun Hyun-moo, Lee Hye-ri and Jung Yong-hwa.

Joo Sang-wook and Lee Seung-gi won the grand prize (Daesang) for their performances in The King of Tears, Lee Bang-won and The Law Cafe respectively.

Joo Sang-wook
Joo Sang-wook (Korean: 주상욱; born July 18, 1978) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles in generational saga Giant, medical drama Good Doctor, romantic comedy Cunning Single Lady, Birth of a Beauty, and crime procedural Special Affairs Team TEN.
Antara (Peru)
Antara (Quechua for a kind of pan flute) is a  4,957-metre-high (16,263 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Huancavelica Region, Huaytará Province,  Pilpichaca District. It lies southeast of Wakan Q'allay and Qispi Q'awa. The peaks northeast and northwest of Antara are named Willani and Q'illu Urqu.

Department of Huancavelica
Huancavelica (Spanish pronunciation: [waŋkaβeˈlika] ⓘ; Quechua: Wankawillka) is a department of Peru. It is bordered by the departments of Lima and Ica in the west, Junín in the north, and Ayacucho in the east. It has an area of 22,131.47 km2 (8,545.01 sq mi) and a population of 347,639 (2017 census). It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huancavelica.
Float glass
Float glass is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal of a low melting point, typically tin, although lead was used for the process in the past. This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and a very flat surface. The float glass process is also known as the Pilkington process, named after the British glass manufacturer Pilkington, which pioneered the technique in the 1950s at their production site in St Helens, Merseyside.

Modern windows are usually made from float glass, though Corning Incorporated uses the overflow downdraw method.

Most float glass is soda–lime glass, although relatively minor quantities of specialty borosilicate and flat panel display glass are also produced using the float glass process.

Melting point
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.

When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of substances to supercool, the freezing point can easily appear to be below its actual value. When the "characteristic freezing point" of a substance is determined, in fact, the actual methodology is almost always "the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice, that is, the melting point."
Nancy Bauer
Nancy Bauer, née Nancy Luke (born July 7, 1934) is a Canadian writer and editor who writes for a number of Canadian maritime magazines about people who write, produce crafts and create visual art.

Born in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, the daughter of Grace Bridgeford and Wendell Luke, Bauer received her B.A. in English from Mount Holyoke College in 1956.
She moved to Fredericton, New Brunswick in 1965.

From 1967 until 1983, Bauer was the publisher of 25 New Brunswick Chapbooks.
She founded the Maritime Writers Workshop, and has served as writer-in-residence at the University of New Brunswick, the Cape Cod Writers Conference, East Word One, and Bemidji State University.

She was married to Bill Bauer, writer and retired professor, until his death in 2010.

Bemidji State University
Bemidji State University (BSU) is a public university in Bemidji, Minnesota, United States. Founded as a preparatory institution for teachers in 1919, it provides higher education to north-central Minnesota. It is part of the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system.
Chill Kill
Chill Kill is the third Korean studio album and fourth overall by South Korean girl group Red Velvet. It was released by SM Entertainment on November 13, 2023, and contains ten tracks, including the lead single of the same name.

SM Entertainment
SM Entertainment Co., Ltd. (Korean: SM엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment agency established in 1995 by Lee Soo-man. It is one of South Korea's largest entertainment companies and has been responsible for fostering and popularizing the careers of many K-pop stars garnering huge global fanbases. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. SM Entertainment is known for having led the worldwide K-pop phenomenon and the musical side of "Hallyu", also known as the "Korean Wave", with early overseas successes such as H.O.T., S.E.S., and BoA.

The label currently represents K-pop artists such as Kangta, TVXQ, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, Exo, Red Velvet, NCT, Aespa, Riize, Naevis, and Hearts2Hearts.
William Lafayette Strong
William Lafayette Strong (March 22, 1827 – November 2, 1900) was the 91st Mayor of New York City from 1895 to 1897. He was the last mayor of New York City before the consolidation of the City of Greater New York on January 1, 1898.

City of Greater New York
The City of Greater New York was the consolidation of the City of New York
with Brooklyn, western Queens County, and Staten Island, which took effect on January 1, 1898. New York had already annexed the Bronx (west of the Bronx River in 1874,  east of the Bronx River in 1895), so the consolidated city sprawled across 
five counties of New York State, which became the five Boroughs of modern New York. Eastern Queens County was excluded and later became Nassau County.