hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
East Sheen (ward)
East Sheen is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. The ward was first used in the 1964 elections and elects three councillors to Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council.

1964 London local elections
The 1964 London local elections were held on 7 May 1964 alongside nationwide elections. They were the inaugural elections for the thirty-two London boroughs, which were created on 1 April 1965 by the London Government Act 1963. All seats were up for election, with polling stations open between 08:00 and 21:00.

The result was a landslide for the Labour Party, who won twenty of the boroughs. The Conservatives won nine, and three were under no overall control. Only sixteen Liberal councillors were elected in London, along with forty-nine residents and ratepayers candidates, three independents and three Communists. The result followed the convincing Labour gain of the new Greater London Council in the first GLC elections which had been held on 9 April.
Window operator
In modal logic, the window operator  is a modal operator with the following semantic definition:

for  a Kripke model and . Informally, it says that w "sees" every φ-world (or every φ-world is seen by w). This operator is not definable in the basic modal logic (i.e. some propositional non-modal language together with a single primitive "necessity" (universal) operator, often denoted by '', or its existential dual, often denoted by ''). Notice that its truth condition is the converse of the truth condition for the standard "necessity" operator.

For references to some of its applications, see the References section.

Converse (logic)
In logic and mathematics, the converse of a categorical or implicational statement is the result of reversing its two constituent statements. For the implication P → Q, the converse is Q → P. For the categorical proposition All S are P, the converse is All P are S. Either way, the truth of the converse is generally independent from that of the original statement.
Reliability index
Reliability index is an attempt to quantitatively assess the reliability of a system using a single numerical value. The set of reliability indices varies depending on the field of engineering, multiple different indices may be used to characterize a single system. In the simple case of an object that cannot be used or repaired once it fails, a useful index is the mean time to failure representing an expectation of the object's service lifetime. Another cross-disciplinary index is forced outage rate (FOR), a probability that a particular type of a device is out of order. Reliability indices are extensively used in the modern electricity regulation to assess the grid reliability.

Failure
Failure is the social concept of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, and is usually viewed as the opposite of success. The criteria for failure depends on context, and may be relative to a particular observer or belief system. One person might consider a failure what another person considers a success, particularly in cases of direct competition or a zero-sum game. Similarly, the degree of success or failure in a situation may be differently viewed by distinct observers or participants, such that a situation that one considers to be a failure, another might consider to be a success, a qualified success or a neutral situation.

It may also be difficult or impossible to ascertain whether a situation meets criteria for failure or success due to ambiguous or ill-defined definition of those criteria. Finding useful and effective criteria or heuristics to judge the success or failure of a situation may itself be a significant task.
Yantayuq
Yantayuq (Quechua llam'a, llant'a, yanta firewood, -yuq a suffix, "the one with firewood", also spelled Yantayo), also known as Shallanqa (Hispanicized spelling Shallanca), is a mountain in the Paryaqaqa mountain range in the Andes of Peru which reaches an altitude of approximately 5,300 metres (17,388 ft). It is located in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, in the districts of Suitucancha and Yauli. Yantayuq lies southwest of Putka and north of Qarwachuku.

Yantayuq is also the name of a small lake northwest of the mountain in the Yauli District at 11°49′27″S 76°03′52″W﻿ / ﻿11.82417°S 76.06444°W﻿ / -11.82417; -76.06444

Yauli District, Yauli
Yauli District is one of ten districts of the Yauli Province, located in the Department of Junín in the central highlands of Peru. The district was created by the Law No. 6468 in November 7, 1847, during the presidency of Ramón Castilla.
2018 Nagoya Grampus season
The 2018 Nagoya Grampus season was Nagoya Grampus' first season back in the J1 League following their relegation at the end of the 2016 season, their 25th J1 League season and 35th overall in the Japanese top flight. They also took part in the Emperor's Cup and the J. League Cup.

J1 League
The J1 League (Japanese: J1リーグ, Hepburn: Jē-wan Rīgu), a.k.a. the J.League or the Meiji Yasuda J1 League (Japanese: 明治安田J1リーグ, Hepburn: Meiji Yasuda Jē-wan Rīgu) for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Japan and the highest level of the Japanese football league system.

Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the J2 League. Both the J1 and J2 leagues are operated by the Japan Professional Football League (日本プロサッカーリーグ, Nihon Puro Sakkā Rīgu).

Founded in 1992, it is one of the most successful leagues in Asian professional club football history. It was known as the J.League from 1993 to 1998 before becoming a two-division league, and as J.League Division 1 from 1999 to 2014. The current champions are Kashima Antlers, who won a record-extending ninth J.League title and a record-breaking ninth top flight title in the 2025 season.
Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261
Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261 on 29 August 2001, is a crash that landed next to the N-340 highway, some 200 meters short of runway 32 at Ruiz Picasso International Airport at Málaga, Spain. The captain reported a fire in the aircraft's port engine to Málaga Air Traffic Control while on final approach. The fire turned out to be a false alarm but, in following the emergency procedures, the First Officer inadvertently shut down both of the aircraft's engines. The plane descended, hitting the airport approach lights, and stopping next to the N-340.

Four of the 47 people on board were killed, including the captain. The aircraft was scrapped.

First officer (aviation)
In aviation, the first officer (FO), also called co-pilot, is a pilot who serves as the second-in-command of an aircraft, alongside the captain, who is the legal commander. In the event of incapacitation of the captain, the first officer will assume command of the aircraft.
Zabulistan
Zabulistan (Persian: زابلستان, Zābolistān, Zāwulistān or simply زابل ), is an ancient and medieval name for a historical region that included mainly southern Afghanistan as well as southeastern Iran.

By the tenth century, Iranian sources mention Zabulistan as part of the Khorasan marches, a frontier region between Khorasan and India. In the Tarikh-i Sistan, finished around 1062 CE, the author regards Zabol as part of the land of Sistan, stretching from the Hamun Oasis all the way to the Indus River.

Today, the Afghan province of Zabul and the Iranian city of Zabol take their names from the historical region. Zabulistan has become popularized as the birthplace of the character Rostam of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, in which the word "Zabulistan" is used interchangeably with "Sistan", which is the same historical region, located in present-day southern Afghanistan (Nimruz, Helmand, Zabul and Kandahar) and some parts of Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan Province).

Ferdowsi
Ferdowsi (940-1025) was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which is one of the world's longest epic poems created by a single poet, and the greatest epic of Persian-speaking countries. Ferdowsi is celebrated as one of the most influential figures of Persian literature and one of the greatest in the history of literature.
Vernet-les-Bains
Vernet-les-Bains (French pronunciation: [vɛʁnɛ le bɛ̃] ⓘ; lit. 'Vernet-the-Baths'; Catalan: Vernet) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

The Catalan word for an alder tree is "vern". "Vernet" is derived from "verneda", a Catalan word meaning a group of alder trees. Vernet officially became Vernet-les-Bains in 1953.

It is a centre for visitors and holidaymakers. The village has a sunny climate (with, on average, 300 days of sunshine each year) and is set in a sheltered valley in the foothills of the Canigó mountain – which rises to a height of 2,785 metres (over 9,000 feet). Vernet-les-Bains is also known for its hot water springs. There is a professional spa/therapy centre in the village.

Southern France
Southern France, also known as the south of France or colloquially in French as le Midi, is a geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin, Spain, the Mediterranean Sea and Italy. It includes southern Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the west, Occitania in the centre, the southern parts of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the northeast, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the southeast, as well as the island of Corsica in the southeast. Southern France is generally considered part of southern Europe because of its association with the Mediterranean Sea.

The colloquial French name for the region, le Midi, is derived from an Old French compound composed of mi ("middle")  and di ("day"), meaning literally "midday". Thus, the term is comparable in both origin and meaning to Mezzogiorno, which indicates southern Italy, and Romanian Miazăzi which is a synonym for south.
Reever Knot
The Reever Knot is a secure bend for joining two ropes.  An important attribute of the knot is that each line going in and out of the knot is clamped at two points within the knot. For this reason it is considered secure and resistant to being shaken loose when subject to intermittent loads.

Bend (knot)
A bend is a type of knot used to unite two lengths of rope, or two parts of the same rope. Bends are used in a variety of situations, including climbing, sailing, and securing loads. They are classified based on their ability to be tightened or released, their resistance to slipping, and their strength. Some common types include the sheet bend, the double fisherman's knot, and the double figure-eight bend. Bends allow the combined ropes to support weight or transmit force.
María Villaseñor Vargas
María de la Paloma Villaseñor Vargas (born 23 November 1960) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRI. 
In 1991–1994 she served as a federal deputy in the 57th Congress, representing the Federal District's sixteenth district. She returned to the Chamber of Deputies for 62nd Congress as a plurinominal deputy for the fourth electoral region.

16th federal electoral district of Mexico City
The 16th federal electoral district of Mexico City (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 16 de la Ciudad de México; prior to 2016, "of the Federal District") is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of the 22 currently operational districts in Mexico City.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fourth region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Estela Carina Piceno Navarro of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Leon Sinks Geological Area
The Leon Sinks Geological Area is located on the Woodville Karst Plain in southern and southwestern Leon County, Florida, United States. It is a mature karstic area on the Upper Floridan Aquifer. It is one of the most extensive underwater cave systems in the world and connects to Wakulla Springs.

This hydrological system is extremely vulnerable to pollution because of the very high permeability of the carbonate aquifer. Extensive mapping and exploration of these caves has been done by the Woodville Karst Plain Project to understand the complex dynamics of the area and to understand the proper ecological approach to keeping this system clean.

The Leon Sinks are full of life, including the freshwater eel and rare crustaceans, including the Woodville Karst Plain crayfish and the swimming Florida cave isopod Remasellus parvus, that only exist in the Woodville Karst Plain.

Remasellus
Remasellus parvus, the swimming Florida cave isopod, is an isopod endemic to 4 caves in the Ochlockonee and Aucilla-Suwanee drainages of Florida, United States. It is the only species in the genus Remasellus.
Royersford, Pennsylvania
Royersford is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States, 32 miles (51 km) northwest of Philadelphia, on the Schuylkill River. As of the 2020 census, Royersford had a population of 4,940.

SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes
The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority operates or contracts operations of these routes serving points in Bucks, Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery counties, with a few routes operating into the city of Philadelphia. The Suburban Transit Division is broken down into three districts: Victory (Formerly: Red Arrow Division), Frontier, and Contract Operations.
Miguel Braschi and Leslie Blanchard
Miguel Braschi (October 8, 1956 – d. 1990) and his life partner Leslie Blanchard (June 3, 1934 – September 14, 1986) were an American gay couple who were the central figures in the landmark New York Court of Appeals case Braschi v. Stahl Associates Co. (1989). The victory served as the first court recognition of a same-sex couple as a family in the United States, and thus, as a significant milestone in the history of gay men in the United States.

New York Court of Appeals
The New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in the Unified Court System of the State of New York. It consists of seven judges: the chief judge and six associate judges, who are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate to 14-year terms. The chief judge of the Court of Appeals also heads administration of the state's court system, and thus is also known as the chief judge of the State of New York. The Court of Appeals was founded in 1847 and is located in the New York Court of Appeals Building in Albany, New York.
Motorways in Albania
The motorways in Albania (Albanian: Autostrada or Autostradë) are the controlled-access highway system in Albania predominantly under the supervision of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy. The motorways are characterised as roads with at least two lanes in each driving direction including an emergency lane and a maximum allowed speed limit of not less than 110 kilometres per hour (68 mph).

Shoulder (road)
A shoulder (American English), hard shoulder (British English) or breakdown lane (Australian English) is an emergency stopping lane by the verge on the outer side of a road or motorway. Many wider freeways, or expressways elsewhere have shoulders on both sides of each directional carriageway—in the median, as well as at the outer edges of the road, for additional safety. Shoulders are not intended for use by through traffic, although there are exceptions.
Fisnik Maxville
Fisnik Maxville (also known as Fisnik Maxhuni, born 1992 or 1993) is a Kosovo-Swiss film director, screenwriter and producer.

His directorial debut The Land Within premiered at the 2022 Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival where it received the main award "Best First Film" of its category, followed by a nomination at the Swiss Film Awards in the "Best Music" category.

Swiss Film Awards
The Swiss Film Awards (French: Prix du cinéma suisse, German: Schweizer Filmpreis, Italian: Premio del cinema svizzero, Romansh: Premi dal film svizzer; also known as the Swiss Film Prize) are national film awards awarded in several categories of Switzerland, first given out in 1998.
Time Skiffs
Time Skiffs is the eleventh studio album by American experimental pop band Animal Collective, released on February 4, 2022, on Domino. It is their first album in six years (the groups longest gap between official studio albums to date) and marks the return of band member Deakin, who sat out of the recording and touring of the band's previous album, Painting With (2016). Time Skiffs was preceded by four singles: "Prester John", "Walker", "Strung with Everything", and "We Go Back".

Clavia
Clavia Digital Musical Instruments (Clavia DMI AB) is a Swedish manufacturer of virtual analog synthesizers, virtual electromechanical pianos and stage pianos, founded in Stockholm, Sweden in 1983 by Hans Nordelius and Mikael Carlsson. Since 1995, Clavia's keyboards have been branded Nord.
Preclinical development
In drug development,  preclinical development (also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies) is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.

The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics.

Companies use stylized statistics to illustrate the risks in preclinical research, such as that on average, only one in every 5,000 compounds that enters drug discovery to the stage of preclinical development becomes an approved drug.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Washington Run Railroad
The Washington Run Railroad was a branch line in Pennsylvania. Starting at a junction with the B&O Railroad in Layton, the line crossed the Youghiogheny River on a bridge (Layton Bridge) and passed through a tunnel (both built by the A.P. Roberts Construction Company) to continue to Perryopolis. From there, it continued to Star Junction on a track that ran parallel to today's Pennsylvania Route 51.

The railroad had a passenger car that it used for passenger service, but it was primarily a freight carrier, transporting coke produced at Star Junction and coal for the Washington Coal and Coke Company and the Cochran Coal Company. It also served the brickworks in Layton and had a stop in Victoria.

The railroad ceased operation in 1931. Layton Bridge and the adjacent tunnel still serve as a single lane part of Layton Road (State Route 4038).

Youghiogheny River
The Youghiogheny River (/jɒkəˈɡeɪni/ yok-ə-GAY-nee), or the Yough (/ˈjɒk/ YOK) for short, is a 134-mile-long (216 km) tributary of the Monongahela River in West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. It drains an area on the west side of the Allegheny Mountains northward into Pennsylvania, providing a small watershed in extreme western Maryland into the tributaries of the Mississippi River. Youghiogheny is a Lenape word meaning "a stream flowing in a contrary direction".
Mycorrhiza helper bacteria
Mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) are a group of organisms that form symbiotic associations with both ectomycorrhiza and arbuscular mycorrhiza. MHBs are diverse and belong to a wide variety of bacterial phyla including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Some of the most common MHBs observed in studies belong to the genera Pseudomonas and Streptomyces. MHBs have been seen to have extremely specific interactions with their fungal hosts at times, but this specificity is lost with plants. MHBs enhance mycorrhizal function, growth, nutrient uptake to the fungus and plant, improve soil conductance, aid against certain pathogens, and help promote defense mechanisms. These bacteria are naturally present in the soil, and form these complex interactions with fungi as plant root development starts to take shape. The mechanisms through which these interactions take shape are not well-understood and needs further study.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Anston railway station
Anston railway station was situated on the Great Central and Midland Joint Railway line between the villages of North Anston and South Anston near Rotherham and Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England.

Passenger services on the line, which came under the control of the South Yorkshire Joint Committee began on 7 December 1910 and were jointly operated by the Great Central Railway and the Great Northern Railway. The Great Northern Railway left this arrangement after just one year leaving the G.C.R. to offer a service between Doncaster and Shireoaks. This service was extended to Worksop in 1920 in an attempt to increase passenger revenues.

Great Central Railway
The Great Central Railway in England was formed when the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway changed its name in 1897, anticipating the opening in 1899 of its London Extension. On 1 January 1923, the company was grouped into the London and North Eastern Railway.
Van Poppel
Van Poppel is a Dutch toponymic surname, meaning "from Poppel", a village on the Belgian-Dutch border. Notable people with the surname include:

Boy van Poppel (born 1988), Dutch racing cyclist, son of Jean-Paul

Danny van Poppel (born 1993), Dutch racing cyclist, son of Jean-Paul

Jean-Paul van Poppel (born 1962), Dutch racing cyclist

Michael van Poppel (born 1989), Dutch journalist

Todd Van Poppel (born 1971), American baseball player

Poppel (village)
Poppel is a village in the municipality of Ravels, in the province of Antwerp, Belgium. As of 2021, it was home to 3,489 people. Poppel was a municipality until 1977. Poppel borders the Dutch province of North Brabant.

Poppel used to be located in a large heath area, however cultivation have transformed into forests and agricultural land. It used to be a domain of the Duchy of Brabant. In 1347, Poppel and nine other villages became part of the Land of Turnhout within Antwerp. Poppel was an independent municipality until 1977 when it was merged into Ravels.
Arin language
Arin is an extinct Yeniseian language formerly spoken in Russia by the Arin people along the Yenisei River, predominantly on its left shore, between Yeniseysk and Krasnoyarsk, north of the Minusinsk region. However, it has been suggested that the Arin people had historically occupied a larger geographical range. It became extinct in the 18th century, with the death of Arzamas Loskutov, who was an informant for Gerhard Friedrich Müller in 1731, and for a Cossack adventurer named Ivan Kovrigin in 1735.

It is believed that the term Ar or Ara was used by speakers of Arin to refer to themselves.

Krasnoyarsk
Krasnoyarsk is the largest city and administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is situated along the Yenisey River, and is the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk, with a population of over 1.1 million. Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the renowned Trans-Siberian Railway, and is one of the largest producers of aluminum in the country. The city is known for its natural landscape; author Anton Chekhov judged Krasnoyarsk to be the most beautiful city in Siberia. The Stolby Nature Sanctuary is located 10 km south of the city. Krasnoyarsk is a major educational centre in Siberia, and hosts the Siberian Federal University. In 2019, Krasnoyarsk was the host city of the 2019 Winter Universiade, the third hosted in Russia.