hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2nd Parliament of Singapore
The 2nd Parliament of Singapore was a meeting of the Parliament of Singapore. Its first session commenced on 6 May 1968 and was prorogued on 14 April 1971. It commenced its second session on 21 July 1971 and was dissolved on 16 August 1972.

The members of the 2nd Parliament were elected in the 1968 general election. Parliament was controlled by a People's Action Party majority, led by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and his Cabinet. During the first session, Punch Coomaraswamy handed over the speakership to Dr Yeoh Ghim Seng.

The Second Parliament saw the resignations of five MPs on 30 March 1970, which precipitated a series of two by-elections that year. The resignation of Chan Choy Siong left the Parliament without any female MPs for the next 14 years until its reappearance in 1984.

1970 Singaporean by-elections
The by-elections were held in April 1970, for five seats in the Parliament of Singapore, after the resignation of Members of Parliament of the People's Action Party (PAP). The end result saw PAP winning all five seats, three seats without a contest, and the remaining two via contest.
Robinson Secondary School
James W. Robinson, Jr. Secondary School, commonly known as Robinson Secondary School,  is a six-year public school in the Fairfax, Virginia, a Northern Virginia suburb southwest of Washington, D.C.

Opened 55 years ago in 1971, Robinson is located south of Braddock Road near George Mason University, and is administered by the Fairfax County Public Schools. It offers the International Baccalaureate program, and has approximately 3,900 students in grades 7–12.  Robinson's school colors are royal blue and gold, and the school mascot is a ram.

Fairfax, Virginia
Fairfax (/ˈfɛərfæks/ FAIR-faks) is an independent city in Virginia and the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,146.

Fairfax is part of both the Washington metropolitan area and Northern Virginia regions. It is located 14 miles (23 km) west of Washington, D.C. Fairfax is served by  Washington Metro's Orange Line.

George Mason University, located in unincorporated Fairfax County along Fairfax's southern border, is the largest public university in Virginia with 40,185 students as of 2023.
Tenasillahe Island
Tenasillahe Island is an island in the Columbia River Estuary portion of the Columbia River in Clatsop County, Oregon. It is separated from the mainland and the unincorporated community of Clifton, Oregon by the Clifton Channel, and from nearby Welch Island by the Red Slough.

The island was visited by the Lewis and Clark Expedition, and Tenasillahe and Welch were known as the "Marshy Islands".

The entire island is part of the Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian white-tailed deer.

Columbian white-tailed deer
The Columbian white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus) is one of the several subspecies of white-tailed deer in North America. It is a member of the Cervidae (deer) family, which includes mule deer, elk, moose, caribou, and the black-tailed deer that live nearby.
Skrjabinodon
Skrjabinodon is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Pharyngodonidae.

The species of this genus are found in America, Australia and Malesia.

Species:

Skrjabinodon alcaraziensis Lafuente & Roca, 1995

Skrjabinodon caudolumarius Bursey, Goldberg & Telford, 2007

Skrjabinodon crassicauda Bursey, Goldberg & Telford, 2007

Skrjabinodon heliocostai Vicente, Vrcibradic, Muniz-Pereira & Pinto, 2000

Skrjabinodon mascomai Roca, 1985

Skrjabinodon medinae (Garcia Calvente, 1948)

Skrjabinodon poicilandri Ainsworth, 1990

Skrjabinodon spinosulus Vicente, Vrcibradic, Rocha & Pinto, 2002

Skrjabinodon trimorphi Ainsworth, 1990

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
Malay Nights
Malay Nights is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film directed by E. Mason Hopper and starring Johnny Mack Brown, Dorothy Burgess and Raymond Hatton. It was produced on Poverty Row as a second feature for release by Mayfair Pictures. It is also known by the alternative title Shadows of Singapore.

Poverty Row
Poverty Row is a slang term for small Hollywood studios that produced B movies from the 1920s to the 1950s, typically with much smaller budgets and lower production values than those of the major studios. Although many of these studios were based in the vicinity of Gower Street in Hollywood, the term does not necessarily relate to any specific physical location.

Many of the films produced by Poverty Row studios were those of series in the Western, comedy, adventure and crime genres.
Gil Penalosa
Guillermo Penalosa (born 1956 or 1957) is a Canadian urbanist who was the runner-up in the 2022 Toronto mayoral election to Mayor John Tory.

Originally from Colombia, he was Bogotá's commissioner of parks and recreation from 1995 to 1998 and oversaw the popularization of the Ciclovía open-streets event. After moving to Canada in 1998 as Colombia's trade commissioner, he founded the non-profit 8 80 Cities, which promotes a people-centered urban design philosophy.

Penalosa ran in the 2022 Toronto mayoral election, finishing second to incumbent mayor John Tory. After Tory's resignation in February 2023, Penalosa announced that he would run again in the subsequent mayoral by-election, but later dropped out of the race in April 2023 and endorsed Olivia Chow.

Janette Sadik-Khan
Janette Sadik-Khan (born April 28, 1961) is a former commissioner of the New York City Department of Transportation (2007–2013) and an advisor on transportation and urban issues. She works for Bloomberg Associates, a philanthropic consultancy established by former Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg that advises mayors around the world to improve the quality of life for their residents. She serves as chairperson for the National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO), a coalition of the transportation departments of 40 large cities nationwide.
Cutter and Bone
Cutter and Bone is a 1976 thriller novel by Newton Thornburg about a Vietnam veteran, Alexander Cutter, who tries to convince his friend, Richard Bone, that Bone witnessed a murder. It was adapted to film by director Ivan Passer as Cutter's Way (1981) which starred John Heard as Cutter, Jeff Bridges as Bone, and Lisa Eichhorn as Mo (Maureen).

John Heard (actor)
John Heard Jr. (March 7, 1946 – July 21, 2017) was an American actor. Heard made his debut appearance in film with the ensemble Between the Lines (1977). He appeared in a number of successful films, including Heart Beat (1980), Cutter's Way (1981), Cat People (1982), Beaches (1988), and Deceived (1991). He was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1999 for his recurring role as Vin Makazian on The Sopranos (1999–2004).

Other films include The Trip to Bountiful (1985), Big (1988), Awakenings (1990),
The Pelican Brief (1993), My Fellow Americans (1996), White Chicks (2004), and his role as Peter McCallister in Home Alone (1990) and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992). From 1995 to 1996, he played the role of Roy Foltrigg in the television series The Client. From 2005 to 2006, Heard played the role of Governor Frank Tancredi in Prison Break.
Viscount Bridgeman
Viscount Bridgeman, of Leigh in the County of Shropshire, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1929 for the Conservative politician William Bridgeman, who had previously served as Home Secretary and First Lord of the Admiralty. He was the son of Reverend John Robert Orlando Bridgeman, third son of George Bridgeman, 2nd Earl of Bradford. His son, the second Viscount, served as Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire from 1951 to 1969. As of 2014 the title is held by the latter's nephew, the third Viscount, who succeeded in 1982. He is one of the ninety elected hereditary peers that remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, and sits as a Conservative.

As descendants of the 2nd Earl of Bradford, the Bridgeman viscounts are in the remainder for that earldom.

House of Lords Act 1999
The House of Lords Act 1999 (c. 34) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which reformed the House of Lords, one of the chambers of Parliament. The act was given royal assent on 11 November 1999. For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats (hereditary peers); the act removed such a right. However, as part of a compromise, the act allowed ninety-two hereditary peers to remain in the House. Another ten were created life peers to enable them to remain in the House.

The act decreased the membership of the House from 1,330 in October 1999 to 669 in March 2000. As another result of the act, the majority of the Lords were thence life peers, whose numbers had been gradually increasing since the Life Peerages Act 1958. As of June 2023, there were 848 members of the House of Lords, of whom 24 were senior Church of England bishops, whose representation in the House is governed by the Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015.
1995 enlargement of the European Union
The 1995 enlargement of the European Union saw Austria, Finland, and Sweden accede to the European Union (EU). This was the EU's fourth enlargement and came into effect on 1 January of that year. It is also known as the EFTA Enlargement round. All these states were previous members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and had traditionally been less interested in joining the EU than other European countries. Norway had negotiated to join alongside the other three, but following the signing of the treaty, membership was turned down by the Norwegian electorate in the 1994 national referendum. Switzerland also applied for membership on 26 May 1992, but withdrew it after a negative referendum result on 6 December 1992 (and that was not changed after a second negative referendum result on 4 March 2001).

1994 Norwegian European Union membership referendum
A referendum on joining the European Union was held in Norway on 27 and 28 November 1994. After a long period of heated debate, the "no" side won with 52.2 per cent of the vote, on a turnout of 88.6 per cent. Membership of what was then the European Community had previously been rejected in a 1972 referendum, and by French veto in 1962.

As of 2025, this was the most recent referendum in Norway.
Sweet Revenge (Amanda Lear album)
Sweet Revenge is the second studio album by French singer Amanda Lear, released in 1978 by West German label Ariola Records. The album turned out to be a major commercial success, spawning European hit disco singles "Follow Me" and "Enigma (Give a Bit of Mmh to Me)". Sweet Revenge remains Lear's best-selling album. It was released in CD format in 1992.

Ariola
Ariola (also known as Ariola Records, Ariola Express, Ariola-Eurodisc and BMG Ariola) is a German record label. In the late 1980s, it was a subsidiary label of the Bertelsmann Music Group, which in turn has become a part of the international media conglomerate Sony Music Entertainment.
Canadian Defence League
The Canadian Defence League was an organization that advocated military training for all men in Canada. It was founded in 1909, at the suggestion of William Hamilton Merritt III, and was formally inaugurated on September 10, 1910, in Toronto. The League operated from 1910 to March 1914, around the outbreak of World War I. Merritt was its president.

Ultimately, the organization favoured universal military service, on the Swiss model. Albert Carman, William Lash Miller, Maurice Hutton, Byron Edmund Walker, Reuben Wells Leonard, and Rufus S. Hudson were among the League's boosters. Many of its members favoured cadet drills in schools.

Desmond Morton argues that the League's efforts in favour of military training "failed miserably only months before the outbreak of war".

Conscription in Switzerland
Switzerland has mandatory service (German: Militärdienst / Zivildienst; French: service militaire / service civil; Italian: servizio militare / servizio civile) in the Swiss Army or Civilian Service for all able-bodied male citizens, who are conscripted when they reach the age of majority. Women may volunteer for any position. Conscripts make up the majority of the manpower in the Swiss Armed Forces.

On September 22, 2013, a referendum that aimed to abolish conscription was held in Switzerland. However, the referendum failed with over 73% of the electorate voting against it, showing strong support for conscription of men in Switzerland.

On November 30, 2025, a referendum called the Civic Duty Initiative was held, which would have replaced compulsory military service for males with compulsory civic duty for both genders. However the referendum failed with more than 84% of voters voting against it.
1996 Barton Aerodrome disaster
The Barton Aerodrome disaster occurred on 21 July 1996 at the annually held Barton air show in Manchester, England. Nearing the end of its display, the de Havilland DH.98 Mosquito piloted by Kevin Moorhouse performed a steep climb into a wingover. The left engine then failed, at which point aircraft control was lost, crashing into woods near Barton Aerodrome. Both pilot in command Moorhouse and engineer Steve Watson were killed. The crash would mark the destruction of the last airworthy Mosquito until The People's Mosquito project, led by John Lilley, successfully returned another aircraft to the skies 26 years later.

British Aerospace
British Aerospace plc (BAe) was a British aircraft, munitions and defence-systems manufacturer that was formed in 1977. Its head office was at Warwick House in the Farnborough Aerospace Centre in Farnborough, Hampshire. It purchased Marconi Electronic Systems, the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company, in 1999 to form BAE Systems.
Legendary (2010 film)
Legendary is a 2010 American sports drama film directed by Mel Damski. The film stars Devon Graye as a high school wrestler, in a cast that features John Cena, Patricia Clarkson, Danny Glover, Madeleine Martin, and Tyler Posey. The film was released on September 10, 2010.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
Dominot
Dominot (1930 – 17 October 2014) was an Italian actor and female impersonator. For many years he was part of the avant-garde café society in Rome that was portrayed in the film La Dolce Vita. Dominot himself appeared in La Dolce Vita.

Abel Ferrara
Abel Ferrara (Italian: [ferˈraːra]; born July 19, 1951) is an American filmmaker and actor. He is best known for the provocative and often controversial content in his movies and his use and redefinition of neo-noir imagery. A long-time independent filmmaker, some of his best known movies include the New York-set, gritty crime thrillers The Driller Killer (1979), Ms .45 (1981), King of New York (1990), Bad Lieutenant (1992), and The Funeral (1996), chronicling violent crime in urban settings with spiritual overtones.

Ferrara also worked in a wide array of genres, including the sci-fi remake Body Snatchers (1993), cyberpunk thriller New Rose Hotel (1998), the religious drama Mary (2005), the black comedy Go Go Tales (2007), and the biopic Pasolini (2014), as well as in several documentary filmmaking projects.
Lishman
Lishman is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Ollie Lishman (1998-Present), Australian Music Producer and DJ

Bill Lishman (1939–2017), Canadian inventor and artist

Doug Lishman (1923–1994), English footballer

George Lishman (1885–1940), South African sports shooter

Gordon Lishman (born 1947), British activist

John Lishman Potter (1834–1931), English goldminer and stonemason

Joyce Lishman (1947–2021), English academic

Stephen Lishman (born 1960), English cricketer

Suzy Lishman (born 1967/68), British pathologist

William Alwyn Lishman (1931–2021), British psychiatrist and neurologist

Bill Lishman
William Lishman (February 12, 1939 – December 30, 2017) was a Canadian sculptor, filmmaker, inventor, naturalist and public speaker, president of William Lishman & Associates Limited, Vice President of Paula Lishman Limited and Chair Emeritus of Operation Migration Inc. Described by the Toronto Star as a "dyslexic, colour-blind, wildly creative sculptor", he died less than two weeks after being diagnosed with leukemia.
Ikea/Piano Lesson
"Ikea/Piano Lesson" is the seventh episode of the third season of the American comedy-drama television series Louie. It is the 33rd overall episode of the series and was written and directed by Louis C.K., who also serves as the lead actor, with Pamela Adlon receiving a story credit. It was released on FX on August 9, 2012.

The series follows Louie, a fictionalized version of C.K., a comedian and newly divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City. In the episode, Louie accompanies a woman to an IKEA, and also realizes a sexual encounter may have had consequences.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 0.70 million household viewers and gained a 0.4 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received extremely positive reviews from critics, who praised the humor and guest stars, although the segments received some criticism for not fully exploring their concepts.

Louie season 3
The third season of the American television comedy series Louie premiered on June 28, 2012 and concluded on September 27, 2012. It consisted of thirteen episodes, each running approximately 23 minutes in length. FX broadcast the third season on Thursdays at 10:30 pm in the United States. The season was produced by 3 Arts Entertainment and the executive producers were Louis C.K., Dave Becky and M. Blair Breard.

Louie was created, written and directed by Louis C.K., who stars as a fictionalized version of himself, a comedian and newly divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City. The show has a loose format atypical for television comedy series, consisting of largely unconnected storylines and segments (described as "extended vignettes") that revolve around Louie's life, punctuated by live stand-up performances.

The season received critical acclaim.
Tommy Wonder (dancer)
Tommy Wonder (March 7, 1914 in Montana – December 11, 1993 in Riverdale, Bronx, New York City) was an American dancer, actor, choreographer, and artist manager. He was a principal dancer in the 1943 Ziegfeld Follies.

As a child, Wonder had an unspecified physical disability which hindered his ability to walk; to help him, his mother used clothes and a broomstick to build a puppet on which he could support himself. Wonder named the puppet "Suzanne", and with its help he was able not only to learn to walk, but to dance at a professional level; an upgraded version of "Suzanne", designed by members of the Westmore family, with human hair, and Wonder's mother's original broomstick, is in the Smithsonian Institution.

Principal dancer
A principal dancer (often shortened to principal) is a dancer at the highest rank within a professional dance company, particularly a ballet company. A principal may be of any gender and is usually the star of the ballet. The term is used mostly in ballet but can be used in other forms as well, such as modern dance. The term senior principal dancer is sometimes used as well.

The position is similar to that of soloist; however, principals regularly perform not only solos, but also pas de deux as well as headlining performances they participate in. Principal dancers can be hired into a dance company or can also be a company dancer that is a corps de ballet dancer that gets promoted from within the company. That process can take multiple performance seasons or even years to achieve based on skill level and company interest.
WRHK
WRHK 94.9 FM is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format. Licensed to Danville, Illinois, the station is owned by Neuhoff Corp., through licensee Neuhoff Media Danville, LLC.

On February 1, 2024, Neuhoff Media sold radio stations in Danville and Decatur, Illinois, to Champaign Multimedia Group for $2 million; the deal closed in May 2024.

Decatur, Illinois
Decatur (/dɪˈkeɪtər/ dih-KAY-tər) is the largest city in Macon County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The city was founded in 1829 and is situated along the Sangamon River and Lake Decatur in Central Illinois. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 70,522. It is the 17th-most populous city in Illinois and the "fastest shrinking city" in Illinois. Decatur has an economy based on industrial and agricultural commodity processing and production. The city is home to Millikin University and Richland Community College.
Charles Loyd
General Sir Henry Charles Loyd, GCVO, KCB, DSO, MC, DL (12 February 1891 – 11 November 1973), nicknamed "Budget Loyd", was a senior British Army officer who fought in both the world wars, most notably during the Second World War as General Officer Commanding of the 2nd Infantry Division during the Battle of France in May 1940.

General (United Kingdom)
General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the British Army and the Royal Marines.  The rank can also be held by Royal Marines officers in tri-service posts, for example, Generals Sir Gordon Messenger and Sir Gwyn Jenkins, former Vice-Chiefs of the Defence Staff. It ranks above lieutenant-general and, in the Army, is subordinate to the rank of field marshal, which is now awarded as an honorary rank only.  The rank of general has a NATO-code of OF-9, and is a four-star rank.  It is equivalent to a full admiral in the Royal Navy or an air chief marshal in the Royal Air Force.

Officers holding the ranks of general, lieutenant-general and major-general are 'general officers' and may be addressed as 'general'.
Göllheim
Göllheim (pronounced [ˈɡœlhaɪm]) is a municipality in the Donnersbergkreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated north of the Palatinate forest, approx. 25 km west of Worms. It was the site of the 1298 Battle of Göllheim.

Göllheim is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Göllheim.

Battle of Göllheim
The Battle of Göllheim was fought on 2 July 1298 between the forces of duke Albert I of Habsburg (German: Albrecht) and king Adolf of Nassau following the unilateral decision of the prince electors, without any formal election, to dethrone Adolf and proclaim Albert as king. Adolf died in the battle.