hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dell K. Allen
Dell K. Allen (born 1931) is an American engineer, and Professor Emeritus of manufacturing engineering at Brigham Young University (BYU).  The Society of Manufacturing Engineers named their Outstanding Young Manufacturing Engineer Award after him.

Allen received his B.S. in 1954 from the Utah State University and his M.S. in 1966 from Brigham Young University. His later work was more focused on information storage and information retrieval while his early work had been focused on metallurgy and manufacturing technology.  After retiring as a professor at BYU, Allen taught at Utah State University.

Allen was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering in 1984 for innovative classification and coding systems used in computer-aided manufacturing and persevering efforts to improve curricula for industrial and manufacturing engineers.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Canaan Township, Gasconade County, Missouri
Canaan Township is an unincorporated and inactive township in Gasconade County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. Established in 1846, the township is located halfway between Owensville and Bland on Missouri Route 28. Red Oak Creek also passes near the township.

Bland, Missouri
Bland is a city in Gasconade and Osage counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 506 at the 2020 census.

The Osage County portion of Bland is part of the Jefferson City, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Maria Cristina Nakano
Maria Cristina Nakano is a former Brazilian badminton player who competed in various international competitions, most notably at the 1995 Pan American Games in Mar del Plata, Argentina and at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

1999 Pan American Games
The 1999 Pan American Games, officially the XIII Pan American Games (French: XIII Jeux panaméricains) or the 13th Pan American Games and commonly known as Winnipeg 1999, were a major international multi-sport event that was held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and surrounding towns and cities. Canoeing competitions started the day before the games officially began. Approximately 5,000 athletes from 42 nations participated in the games to vie for a total of 330 medal events in 34 sports and 42 disciplines.

Financially, the 1999 games were a success, generating a surplus of $8.9 million through a combination of fiscal restraint and the contribution of nearly 20,000 volunteers.

The 1999 Pan American Games were the second Pan American Games hosted by Canada and Winnipeg. Previously, Winnipeg hosted the 1967 Pan American Games.
Landfill Tax (Scotland) Act 2014
The Landfill Tax (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 2) is an act of the Scottish Parliament, introduced to the legislature in 2013 and receiving Royal Assent on 21 January 2014, which creates a new Scottish Landfill Tax. The tax applies mainly to waste management companies and local authorities disposing of waste at landfill.

Act of the Scottish Parliament
An act of the Scottish Parliament (Scottish Gaelic: Achd Pàrlamaid na h-Alba) is primary legislation made by the Scottish Parliament. The power to create acts was conferred to the Parliament by section 28 of the Scotland Act 1998 following the successful 1997 referendum on devolution.

Prior to the establishment of the Parliament under the 1998 act, all post-union laws specific to Scotland were passed at the Westminster Parliament. Although the Westminster Parliament has retained the ability to legislate for Scotland, by convention it does not do so without the consent of the Scottish Parliament.: (s. 28(7)) : (para. 14)  Since the passing of the 1998 act, the Westminster Parliament has passed five public general acts that apply only to Scotland.

A draft act is known as a bill. Once it is passed by the Scottish Parliament and receives royal assent, the bill becomes an act and is then a part of Scots Law.: (ss. 28, 32, 36)
Digital Preservation Award
The Digital Preservation Award is an international award sponsored by the Digital Preservation Coalition. The award 'recognises the many new initiatives being undertaken in the challenging field of digital preservation'. It was inaugurated in 2004 and was initially presented as part of the Institute of ConservationConservation Awards. Since 2012 the prize, which includes a trophy and a cheque, is presented independently. Awards ceremonies have taken place at the British Library, the British Museum and the Wellcome Trust.

Jisc
Jisc is a United Kingdom not-for-profit organisation that provides network and IT services and digital resources in support of further and higher education and research, as well as the public sector. Its head office is based in Bristol with offices in London, Manchester, and Oxford. Its current CEO is Heidi Fraser-Krauss, who joined in September 2021 from the University of Sheffield.
2027 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification (Europe)
The 2027 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification for the FIBA Europe region, began in February 2024 and will conclude in March 2027. The process will determine the twelve teams that will qualify for the 2027 FIBA World Cup.

FIBA Men's World Ranking
The FIBA Men's World Ranking,  are FIBA's rankings of national basketball teams. FIBA ranks both men's and women's national teams for both senior and junior competitions. It also publishes combined rankings for all mixed-sex competitions. Excluded are the rankings for three-on-three competitions, which are tabulated for individual players.

The current ranking system, introduced in November 2025, compares teams based on the total rating points they earn in all games. Each game, both teams are awarded rating points based on the region and competition stage of the game, with additional multipliers applied to the winning team's points earned based on based on the strength of opponent, site of game and margin of victory.

The ranking is currently sponsored by Nike; as such, the names Nike FIBA World Ranking or FIBA World Ranking Men, presented by Nike are also used.
Míchel (footballer, born 1963)
José Miguel González Martín del Campo, known as Míchel (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmitʃel]; born 23 March 1963), is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a right midfielder, currently a manager.

He spent over a decade at Real Madrid, making 561 competitive appearances during his spell while scoring 130 goals. He won several titles with the club, including six La Liga championships and two UEFA Cups.

Míchel earned 66 caps for Spain from 1985 to 1992, and appeared for the nation in two World Cups (scoring four goals in the 1990 edition) and Euro 1988. He started working as a manager in 2005, notably leading Olympiacos to two Super League Greece accolades.

Saudi First Division League
The Saudi First Division League (FDL), also known as the Yelo League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Saudi Arabia and serves as the second tier of the Saudi football league system. It ranks directly below the Saudi Pro League and above the Saudi Second Division League.
Irina Belskaya
Irina Belskaya (born 1958) is a Ukrainian astronomer, specialist in spectroscopy and polarimetry of Small Solar System bodies, head of the Department of Physics of Asteroids and Comets of the Institute of Astronomy of Kharkiv National University, recipient of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology (2010).

Small Solar System body
A small Solar System body (SSSB) is an object in the Solar System that is neither a planet, a dwarf planet, nor a natural satellite. The term was first defined in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) as follows: "All other objects, except satellites, orbiting the Sun shall be referred to collectively as 'Small Solar System Bodies'".

This encompasses all comets and all minor planets other than those that are dwarf planets. Thus SSSBs are: the comets; the classical asteroids, with the exception of the dwarf planet Ceres; the trojans; and the centaurs and trans-Neptunian objects, with the exception of the dwarf planets Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, Quaoar, Orcus, Sedna, Gonggong and Eris and others that may turn out to be dwarf planets.
Obturating ring
An obturating ring is a ring of relatively soft material designed to obturate under pressure to form a seal.  Obturating rings are often found in artillery and other ballistics applications, and similar devices are also used in other applications such as plumbing, like the olive in a compression fitting.  The term "O-ring" is sometimes used to describe this kind of pressure seal.

Ballistics
Ballistics is the field of mechanics concerned with the launching, flight behaviour and impact effects of projectiles, especially weapon munitions such as bullets, unguided bombs, rockets and the like; the science or art of designing and accelerating projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance.

A ballistic body is a free-moving body with momentum, which can be subject to forces such as those exerted by pressurized gases from a gun barrel or a propelling nozzle, normal force by rifling, and gravity and air drag during flight.

A ballistic missile is a missile that is guided only during the relatively brief initial phase of powered flight, with the trajectory subsequently governed by the laws of classical mechanics, in contrast to (for example) a cruise missile, which is aerodynamically guided in powered flight like a fixed-wing aircraft.
Saxon Loess Fields
The Saxon Loess Fields (German: Sächsisches Lössgefilde) refer to a natural region that lies mainly within the state of Saxony in central Germany. In addition, small areas of this region extend to the northwest and west into Saxony-Anhalt (the land around Weißenfels), to the southeast into Thuringia (the region around Altenburg) and to the northeast into Brandenburg. It more-or-less combines the BfN's major regions listed as D19 Saxon Upland and Ore Mountain Foreland, (Sächsisches Hügelland und Erzgebirgsvorland) and D14, Upper Lusatia (Oberlausitz); only the range of Central Uplands hills, the Lusatian Mountains, has been excluded and instead forms part of the Saxon Highlands and Uplands (Sächsisches Bergland und Mittelgebirge).

Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
The German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (German: Bundesamt für Naturschutz, BfN) is the German government's scientific authority with responsibility for national and international nature conservation. BfN is one of the government's departmental research agencies and reports to the German Environment Ministry (BMU).

The Agency provides the German Environment Ministry with professional and scientific assistance in all nature conservation and land management issues and in international cooperation activities. BfN furthers its objectives by carrying out related scientific research and is also in charge of a number of funding programmes.

BfN additionally performs important enforcement work under international agreements on species conservation and nature conservation, the Antarctic Treaty, and the German Genetic Engineering Act.
Flynn McGarry
Flynn McGarry (born November 25, 1998) is an American chef based in New York City. He has been called the "Justin Bieber of food" and is known for hosting dinner tasting restaurant Eureka in Los Angeles and New York City since he was 11. He has staged at Eleven Madison Park, Alinea, Next, Geranium, and Maaemo. McGarry describes his cooking as modern American cuisine. He is known for being a young restaurant owner in NYC, opening the successful restaurant Gem at age 19.

Staging (cooking)
Staging (/ˈstɑːʒɪŋ/ STAH-zhing) is an unpaid internship test when a cook or chef works briefly for free (or to gain a position) in another chef's kitchen to learn and be exposed to new techniques and cuisines.

The term originates from the French word stagiaire meaning trainee, apprentice or intern. The French term commis is often used interchangeably with the aforementioned terms. The individual completing this activity is referred to as a stage, stagiaire ([staʒjɛʁ]), commis (assistant chef) or volontaire ("volunteer").
Metin Yenal
Metin Yenal is a German actor who played the character of Karl in the 1988 Doctor Who serial Silver Nemesis.

For a couple of years he was in a relationship with composer Peter Maxwell Davies before being dumped for a younger man.

Peter Maxwell Davies
Sir Peter Maxwell Davies CH CBE (8 September 1934 – 14 March 2016) was an English composer and conductor, who in 2004 was made Master of the Queen's Music.

As a student at both the University of Manchester and the Royal Manchester College of Music, Davies formed a group dedicated to contemporary music called the New Music Manchester with fellow students Harrison Birtwistle, Alexander Goehr, Elgar Howarth and John Ogdon. Davies's compositions include eight works for the stage—from the monodrama Eight Songs for a Mad King, which shocked the audience in 1969, to Kommilitonen!, first performed in 2011—and ten symphonies, written between 1973 and 2013.

As a conductor, Davies was artistic director of the Dartington International Summer School from 1979 to 1984 and associate conductor/composer with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra from 1992 to 2002, holding the latter position with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra as well.
Arallu, Ardabil
Arallu (Persian: آراللو) is a city in Hir District of Ardabil County, Ardabil province, Iran. As the village of Aralluy-e Bozorg, it was the capital of Fuladlui-ye Shomali Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Khalilabad.

Ardabil province
Ardabil province (Persian: استان اردبیل) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ardabil. The province is in the northwest of the country, in Region 3, bordering the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan, Zanjan, and Gilan. Spanning an area of 18,011 km2, and established in 1993, Ardabil was carved out of the eastern part of East Azerbaijan province.
Titan Airways
Titan Airways Limited is a British charter airline based at London Stansted Airport. The carrier specialises in short-notice ACMI (aircraft, crew, maintenance, and insurance) and wet lease operations, as well as ad-hoc passenger and cargo charter services to tour operators, corporations, governments, and the sports and entertainment sectors. The company holds a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (UK CAA) Type A Operating Licence, permitting it to carry passengers, cargo and mail, on aircraft with 20 or more seats.

Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)
The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is the statutory corporation which oversees and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the United Kingdom. Its areas of responsibility include:

Supervising the issuing of pilots and aircraft engineers licences, testing of equipment, calibrating of navaids, and many other inspections (Civil Aviation Flying Unit).

Managing the regulation of security standards, including vetting of all personnel in the aviation industry (Directorate of Aviation Security).

Overseeing the national protection scheme for customers abroad in the event of a travel company failure (Air Travel Organisers' Licensing – ATOL).

Licensing of spaceflight activities in the UK. This includes: Launch, Range Control, Orbital Operators, and Spaceport licence issuing (Space Industry Act 2018).

The CAA is a public corporation of the Department for Transport, liaising with the government via the Standards Group of the Cabinet Office.
Donald W. Brenner
Donald W. Brenner is a Kobe Distinguished Professor and Head of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at North Carolina State University. His research focuses on computational studies of materials for extreme environments, high entropy ceramics, tribology and tribochemistry, shock and high strain rate dynamics, nuclear materials, and self-assembled monolayers.

Tribology
Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion. It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. The fundamental objects of study in tribology are tribosystems, which are physical systems of contacting surfaces. Subfields of tribology include biotribology, nanotribology and space tribology. It is also related to other areas such as the coupling of corrosion and tribology in tribocorrosion and the contact mechanics of how surfaces in contact deform.
Approximately 20% of the total energy expenditure of the world is due to the impact of friction and wear in the transportation, manufacturing, power generation, and residential sectors.
Ust-Reka
Ust-Reka (Russian: Усть-Река) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ustretskoye Rural Settlement, Syamzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2002. There are 4 streets.

Syamzhensky District
Syamzhensky District (Russian: Ся́мженский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Vozhegodsky District in the north, Verkhovazhsky District in the northeast, Totemsky District in the east, Sokolsky District in the south, and with Kharovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,900 square kilometers (1,500 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Syamzha. District's population: 8,745 (2010 Census); 10,384 (2002 Census); 12,204 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Syamzha accounts for 45.2% of the district's total population.
The Golden Web (1920 film)
The Golden Web is a 1920 British silent mystery film directed by Geoffrey Malins and starring Milton Rosmer and Ena Beaumont. It is based on the 1910 novel The Golden Web by the British writer E. Phillips Oppenheim, later adapted into a 1926 American film of the same title.

E. Phillips Oppenheim
Edward Phillips Oppenheim (22 October 1866 – 3 February 1946) was an English novelist, a prolific writer of best-selling genre fiction, featuring glamorous characters, international intrigue and fast action. Notably easy to read, they were viewed as popular entertainments. He was featured on the cover of Time magazine in 1927.
The Marriage Whirl
The Marriage Whirl is a 1925 American silent drama film directed by Alfred Santell and written by Bradley King. It is based on the 1922 play The National Anthem by J. Hartley Manners. The film stars Corinne Griffith, Kenneth Harlan, Harrison Ford, E. J. Ratcliffe, Charles Willis Lane, Edgar Norton, and Nita Naldi. The film was released on July 19, 1925, by First National Pictures.

Charles Lane (actor, born 1869)
Charles Willis Lane (January 25, 1869–October 17, 1945) was an American stage and film actor, active from 1914 to 1929. Like many film performers born before 1900 Lane had extensive prior Broadway stage or regional theatrical experience stretching back to his youth in the 1890s. One of his significant stage roles was the abusive husband Robert Harding in George Broadhurst's The Law of the Land which he portrayed at the 48th Street Theatre in 1914-1915.

Lane was born in Madison, Illinois, and can be seen in silent films usually as a silver-haired other man or confidant. Two of his best-known roles are Dr. Lanyon in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1920) and Dr. Angus McPhail in Sadie Thompson (1928).
Lunahar
Lunahar is one of the villages situated in the Gop tehsil of Puri district, Orissa, India. Lunahar is located approximately 6 kilometers away from its tehsil Gop town, 30 kilometers (45 minutes drive) away from the city of Puri and 66 kilometers (1 hour and 30 minutes drive) away from Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Orissa.

There are 60 garh (forts) located at different places of Orissa including Lunahar. The village temples of Maa Dwarika Basini, Baba Balunkeswar, Baba Bateswar, Baba Trinathdev and Maa Durgadevi are located at Lunahar.

Puri district
Puri district is a coastal district of the Odisha state of India. It has one sub-division, 11 tahasils and 11 blocks and comprises 1722 revenue villages. Puri is the only municipality of the district. Konark, Nimapada, Pipili, Satyabadi and Kakatpur are the NACs in this district and Brahmagiri is a semi-urban town.
Varand
Soukias Hacob Koorkchian (Armenian: Սուքիաս Յակոբ Գուրքջեան; Persian: سوکیاس هاکوب کورکجیان,  born March 10, 1954, in  Tehran),better known by his pen name Varand (Armenian: Վարանդ) is an Iranian poet, playwright, lyricist, author, translator and painter of Armenian descent. He has published 27 collections of poetry since 1972.

Varand was honoured as Professor of Armenian Literature by the Grigor Lusavoritch University of Etchmiadzin, Armenia in 2001. He translates both Persian classics as well as modern poetry into the Armenian language.

Varand was the chairman of the Armenian Writers Society of Iran founded in 1961 for over ten years, while recently elected chairman of the board for the organization. He also is the editor in charge of the cultural department at Armenian daily newspaper of “Alik”, an honorary member of the Writers Union of Armenia in Yerevan and the professor of the Armenian literature at Azad University of Foreign Languages in Tehran.

Lyricist
A lyricist is a writer who writes lyrics (the spoken words), as opposed to a composer, who writes the song's music which may include (but is not limited to) the melody, harmony, arrangement and accompaniment.
1986 Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election
The 1986 Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election was one of the fifteen 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Each of their parties agreed not to contest seats previously held by the others, and each outgoing MP stood for re-election.

The Ulster Unionist candidate Ken Maginnis was able to survive with less than 50% of the vote due to a split Nationalist vote.

Anglo-Irish Agreement
The Anglo-Irish Agreement was a 1985 treaty between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland which aimed to help bring an end to the Troubles in Northern Ireland. The treaty gave the Irish government an advisory role in Northern Ireland's government while confirming that there would be no change in the constitutional position of Northern Ireland unless a majority of its citizens agreed to join the Republic. It also set out conditions for the establishment of a devolved consensus government in the region.

The Agreement was signed on 15 November 1985, at Hillsborough Castle, by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach (prime minister) Garret FitzGerald.