hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shah Mosque (Isfahan)
The Shah Mosque (Persian: مسجد شاه, lit. 'Masjed-e Shah'), also officially known as the Imam Mosque or Imam Khomeini Mosque, is a mosque located on the south side of Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Esfahan, in the province of Isfahan, Iran. Its construction began in 1611, during the Safavid Empire under the order of Abbas the Great, and was completed c. 1630.

It is regarded as one of the masterpieces of Persian architecture in the Islamic era. The mosque is registered, along with the Naghsh-e Jahan Square and other surrounding structures, as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 6 January 1932, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran. The mosque is depicted on the reverse of the Iranian 20,000 rials banknote.

Iran National Heritage List
Iran National Heritage List is a register of nationally significant monuments, places, buildings, events, etc., officially registered under the National Heritage Preservation Act of 1930. According to Article 1 of this law, "All the industrial monuments and buildings that were built up to the end of the Zand dynasty in the country of Iran, including movable and immovable in accordance with Article 13 of this law, can be considered as national heritage of Iran and under the protection and supervision of the state."

After 25 years, on 1 February 1956, with the registration of the Golestan Palace, the ban on the registration of works related to the Qajar era was practically lifted and subsequently the official list of these monuments was published under the current name.
Euphorbia ankarensis
Euphorbia ankarensis is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.

As most other succulent members of the genus Euphorbia, its trade is regulated under Appendix II of CITES.

CITES
CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of international trade. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and CITES entered into force on 1 July 1975.

Its aim is to ensure that international trade (import/export) in specimens of animals and plants included under CITES does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild. This is achieved via a system of permits and certificates. CITES affords varying degrees of protection to more than 40,900 species.

As of December 2024, the Secretary-General of CITES is Ivonne Higuero.
Rettai Vaal Kuruvi (TV series)
Rettai Vaal Kuruvi is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language soap opera starring Ashwin Kumar Lakshmikanthan and Pavani Reddy as a divorced couple who rekindle their romance. It aired on Vijay TV from 1 June 2015 to 16 October 2015 on Monday to Friday at 9:00PM IST for 99 episodes. It was directed by Jerold, with cinematography by Vishwanathan and music by Saravanan.

Star Vijay
Star Vijay is an Indian Tamil language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. The channel telecasts programmes such as serials, reality shows & Tamil films.
Die Musikforschung
Die Musikforschung is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of musicology which since 1948 is published on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Musikforschung by Bärenreiter. The editors-in-chief are Fabian Kolb (Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts), Wolfgang Fuhrmann (Leipzig University), Gregor Herzfeld (University of Regensburg), and Barbara Eichner (Oxford Brookes University). The journal covers music history, theory, and practice. A review section discusses German and foreign-language books and scholarly editions of sheet music. Reports provide summaries of relevant congresses and conferences.

Practice (learning method)
Practice is the act of rehearsing a behavior repeatedly, to help learn and eventually master a skill. Sessions scheduled for the purpose of rehearsing and performance improvement are called practices. They are engaged in by sports teams, bands, individuals, etc., as in, "He went to football practice every day after school".

In British English, practice is the noun and practise is the verb, but in American English it is now common for practice to be used both as a noun and a verb (see American and British English spelling differences; this article follows American conventions).
Sijuwade
Sijuwade audioⓘ is a Nigerian male given name and surname of Yoruba origin. It means "(One who) glimpses royalty.

Notable individuals with the name include:

Oba Okunade Sijuwade (1 January 1930 – 28 July 2015), fiftieth Ooni of Ife

Amina Sijuwade (née Dyeris), Nigerian lawyer and administrator

Omo-Oba Adereti Sijuade (1895 - 11 May 1945)

Omo-Oba Adereti Sijuade
Omo-Oba Adereti Sijuwadelistenⓘ (1895 - 11 May 1945) was a member of the House of Sijuwade and a wealthy cocoa merchant. He was also the son of Adelekan Olubuse I - the 46th Ooni of Ife and the father of Oba Okunade Sijuwade (Olubuse II) - the 50th Ooni of Ife.

Omo-Oba Adereti Sijuwade had a thriving business in Iju, Alagbado and Abeokuta axis of the present-day Ogun State.
Borena Zone
Borena (Oromo: Boorana) is a zone in Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Borena is named after one of the two major subgroups of the Oromo people. Borena is bordered on the south by Kenya, on the west by the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, on the north by West Guji and Guji, and on the east by Dawa Zone Somali Region. The highest point in this zone is Mount Dara Tiniro. Cities and major towns in this Zone include Negele Borana, Moyale, Yabelo, Dubuluk, Mega, Millami, Surupa and Bakke.

Moyale
Moyale is a city situated on the border between Ethiopia and Kenya. In Ethiopia,  it serves as the administrative centre for two Ethiopian woredas: Moyale of the Oromia Region and Moyale of the Somali Region. In Kenya, it is the largest town in Marsabit County and the capital of Moyale sub-county.

Moyale is the main border post on the Nairobi-Addis Ababa road, situated along the southern escarpment of the Borana Plateau, north of the Chalbi Desert. The city is known for its traditional architecture.
Rasulevo
Rasulevo (Russian: Расулево; Bashkir: Рәсүл, Räsül) is a rural locality (a village) in Imangulovsky Selsoviet, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 292 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

Uchalinsky District
Uchalinsky District (Russian: Учали́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Учалы районы, Uçalı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic and borders with Chelyabinsk Oblast in the north, east, and south, Abzelilovsky District in the south, and with Beloretsky District in the west. The area of the district is 4,510 square kilometers (1,740 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Uchaly (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 35,480.
West Africa Cable System
The West Africa Cable System (WACS) is a submarine communications cable linking South Africa with the United Kingdom along the west coast of Africa that was constructed by Alcatel-Lucent. The cable consists of four fibre pairs and is 14,530 km in length, linking from Yzerfontein in the Western Cape of South Africa to London in the United Kingdom. It has 14 landing points, 12 along the western coast of Africa (including Cape Verde and Canary Islands) and 2 in Europe (Portugal and England) completed on land by a cable termination station in London. The total cost for the cable system is $650 million.
WACS was originally known as the Africa West Coast Cable (AWCC) and was planned to branch to South America but this was dropped and the system eventually became the West African Cable System.

Cable landing point
A cable landing point is the location where a submarine or other underwater cable makes landfall.  The term is most often used for the landfall points of submarine telecommunications cables and submarine power cables.  The landing will either be direct (in the case of a point-to-point cable system) or via a branch from a main cable using a submarine branching unit. The branch can be several kilometres long.
Limey Way
The Limey Way is a 65-kilometre (40 mi) challenge walk through Derbyshire, England. It starts at Castleton and progresses through 15 major and 5 minor limestone dales to reach the River Dove and Dovedale, the walk's end.

The walk was first walked by John Merrill and was devised, created and inaugurated by him in May 1969. He wrote a copyright guide to the walk, which has been updated and enlarged over the years. More than 75,000 people have walked the route in either under 24 hours - Red Badge or under 48 hours - Green badge.

Castleton, Derbyshire
Castleton is a village and civil parish in the High Peak district of Derbyshire, England, at the western end of the Hope Valley on the Peakshole Water, a tributary of the River Noe, between the Dark Peak to the north and the White Peak to the south. The population was 544 at the 2021 Census.
William Calman Grahame
William Calman Grahame, known as W. C. Grahame,  (3 February 1863 – 15 September 1945) was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, representing Wickham from 1907 to 1920. Grahame served as Minister for Agriculture under Premier William Holman in both the Labor ministry and Nationalist ministry. Wickham was abolished in 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation and combined with Newcastle and Grahame unsuccessfully stood as an independent at the 1920 election for Newcastle.

He was also the first mayor of the recreated Municipality of Gosford, from 1936 to 1944. Central Coast Stadium (Bluetongue Stadium) in Gosford was formerly known as Grahame Park, named after him in 1939.

Premier of New South Wales
The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the Governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.

Before Federation in 1901, the term "prime minister of New South Wales" was also used. "Premier" has been used more or less exclusively from 1901, to avoid confusion with the federal prime minister of Australia.

The current premier is Chris Minns, the leader of the New South Wales Labor Party, who assumed office on 28 March 2023. Minns defeated Dominic Perrottet at the election held on 25 March 2023, after twelve years of Liberal/National Coalition rule.
France (name)
France is a unisex given name and an English, French and Slovene surname. In French-speaking countries, France may be a woman's first name. In France, it may derive from an ethnic name for an inhabitant of the country; a variant is Lafrance. In Slovenia, France may derive from the personal name "France", a vernacular form of "Frančišek", Latin Franciscus ("Francis"). It may also be an Americanized spelling of the German given or surname "Franz".

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
Chemence
Chemence is a speciality chemical and medical device manufacturer which products include cyanoacrylate adhesives, anaerobic adhesives, impregnation sealants, adhesive activators, epoxy resins, UV adhesives, photopolymer resins, custom printer ink cartridges, Gas pipe sealants, and soak off nail polishes. Chemence is a supplier of photopolymer and commercial printers to the flexographic industry in the US and Europe, as well as the primary sealant supplier to British Gas, and a primary supplier of private-label adhesives to companies including Tesco, 3M, Bostik, and Bondo. The company's catalogue of patents includes processes, packaging devices, and chemical combinations.

Ink cartridge
An ink cartridge or inkjet cartridge is a component of an inkjet printer that contains ink to be deposited onto paper during printing. It consists of one or more ink reservoirs and can include electronic contacts and a chip to exchange information with the printer.
USS Menhaden (SP-847)
The first USS Menhaden (SP-847) was a United States Navy patrol vessel and tug in commission from 1917 to 1919.

Menhaden was built as a commercial tug of the same name in 1905 by C. W. Crockett at Pocomoke City, Maryland. In May 1917, the U.S. Navy chartered her from her owner, E. Benson Dennis of Cape Charles, Virginia, for use as a section patrol vessel during World War I. She was commissioned as USS Menhaden (SP-847) on 21 May 1917.

Assigned to the 5th Naval District and based at Norfolk, Virginia, Menhaden provided tug and towing services and conducted harbor patrols in Hampton Roads for the rest of World War I and into 1919. She also provided support to the 5th Naval District's minesweepers.

Menhaden was returned to Dennis on 12 March 1919.

Pocomoke City, Maryland
Pocomoke City, dubbed "the friendliest town on the Eastern Shore", is a city in Worcester County, Maryland, United States. Although renamed in a burst of civic enthusiasm in 1878, the city is regularly referred to by its inhabitants simply as Pocomoke /ˈpoʊkoʊmoʊk/. The population was 4,295 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.  Pocomoke City is a center for commerce on the lower shore, home to an industrial park currently playing host to defense contractors, aerospace engineering, and plastics fabrication. Pocomoke City is located near the Wallops Island Flight Facility in Wallops Island, Virginia.
National Highway 59 (India)
National Highway 59 (NH 59) is a National Highway in India connecting Khariar and Brahmapur in the state of Odisha. Before renumbering of national highways, route of NH-59 was part of old national highway 217. The Highway is connected with SH 42 of Odisha State near Bangomunda.

Bangomunda
Bangomunda is a tehsil in the Balangir district of Odisha, India with historical importance. It is located 72 km (45 mi) from the district in the town of Balangir. Bangomunda was formerly known as Banganmura which means Brinjal Firm.
Mickey Lawson
Mickey Lawson (born 23 May 1949) is a Scottish former association football player and manager. He played for Stirling Albion, St Johnstone, Raith Rovers, Berwick Rangers and Meadowbank Thistle, and has since managed league sides Arbroath and Meadowbank Thistle. He has also managed non-league sides Whitehill Welfare and Spartans.

Lawson was appointed Spartans manager in 2001, and won six trophies in his first two seasons with the club. He has since guided the club to significant Scottish Cup runs, and was in charge when they (unsuccessfully) applied for membership of the Scottish Football League in 2008.

Berwick Rangers F.C.
Berwick Rangers Football Club is a football team based in the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed in England, who play in the Scottish football system. Founded in 1884, they currently play in the Lowland League, the fifth tier of Scottish football, despite being based in England. They were the only club from outside Scotland in the Scottish Professional Football League until their relegation in 2019.
Deer Valley YMCA Family Camp
Deer Valley YMCA Camp is a YMCA summer camp located between Fort Hill, Pennsylvania and Meyersdale, Pennsylvania. It sits on 742 acres of mountainous lands near Mount Davis, the highest peak in Pennsylvania, and includes 125-acre Deer Valley Lake. Deer Valley operates ten months out of the year and offers summer camp experience to families and various organizations from all around the country.

Mount Davis (Pennsylvania)
Mount Davis (3,213 ft or 979 m) is the highest point in Pennsylvania. Located in Forbes State Forest near the hamlet of Markleton in Elk Lick Township, Somerset County, it lies on a gentle crest of a 30-mile (50 km) ridge extending from central Somerset County southward into Garrett County, Maryland, where it is known as Negro Mountain. A parcel of land on top of the mountain has been protected as Mount Davis Natural Area.
Next Up Hero
Next Up Hero is an action dungeon crawl video game developed by New York indie studio Digital Continue and published by Aspyr. It was released for Steam Early Access on January 18, 2018, with a full release on June 28, 2018 alongside the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions. It was released for Nintendo Switch on August 16, 2018.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
Generational list of programming languages
This is a "genealogy" of programming languages. Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Those ancestor languages are listed in alphabetic order. Any such categorization has a large arbitrary element, since programming languages often incorporate major ideas from multiple sources.

PCASTL
The PCASTL (an acronym for by Parent and Childset Accessible Syntax Tree Language) is an interpreted high-level programming language.  It was created in 2008 by Philippe Choquette.  The PCASTL is designed to ease the writing of self-modifying code.  The language has reserved words parent and childset to access the nodes of the syntax tree of the currently written code.
2017 FIBA Asia Champions Cup
The 2017 FIBA Asia Champions Cup was the 26th staging of the FIBA Asia Champions Cup, the international basketball club tournament of FIBA Asia. The tournament took place in Chenzhou, China from 22 September to 30 September 2017. This was the second straight year that China hosted the tournament.

Chenzhou
Chenzhou (Chinese: 郴州; pinyin: Chēnzhōu) is a prefecture-level city located in the south of Hunan province, China, bordering the provinces of Jiangxi to the east and Guangdong to the south. Its administrative area covers 19,317 square kilometres (7,458 sq mi), 9.2% of the provincial area, and its total population reached 4,581,779 in the 2010 census, 26% of them living in urban areas, 74% of them living in rural areas.
FNL Network
FNL Network (Fashion News Lifestyle Network) is an American television network founded by Rocco Leo Gaglioti in 2015 and based in Los Angeles, California. It is available on a variety of devices including Amazon Fire TV, Apple TV, Roku, and all Android and Apple iOS devices. Its signature program, Fashion News Live, goes backstage at all the major fashion weeks around the globe. Past co-hosts include Brana Dane  and Carmen Carerra.

Roku
Roku (/ˈroʊkuː/ ⓘ ROH-koo) is a brand of consumer electronics that includes streaming players, smart TVs (and their operating systems), as well as two streaming services (The Roku Channel and Howdy). The brand is owned by Roku, Inc., an American company.

As of 2024, Roku is the U.S. market leader in streaming video distribution, reaching nearly 145 million people.
Germany–Italy relations
Germany and Italy maintain bilateral relations. Both countries are full members of the European Union, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and NATO. Germany has an embassy in Rome and consulates in Milan and Naples, while Italy has an embassy in Berlin and consulates in Cologne, Frankfurt, Freiburg, Hamburg, Hanover, Munich, Nuremberg, Saarbrücken, and Stuttgart.

Italianization of South Tyrol
In 1919, at the time of its annexation, the middle part of the County of Tyrol, which is today called South Tyrol (Italian: Alto Adige), was inhabited by almost 90% German speakers. Under the 1939 South Tyrol Option Agreement, Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini determined the status of ethnic Germans and Ladins (a Rhaeto-Romance–speaking ethnic group) living in the region. They could emigrate to Germany, or stay in Italy and accept their complete Italianization. As a consequence of this, the society of South Tyrol was deeply riven. Those who wanted to stay, the so-called Dableiber, were condemned as traitors while those who left (Optanten) were defamed as Nazis. Because of the outbreak of World War II, this agreement was never fully implemented. Illegal Katakombenschulen ('Catacomb schools') were set up to teach children the German language.
Wildlife of Iran
The wildlife of Iran include the fauna and flora of Iran.

One of the most famous animals of Iran is the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus), which today survives only in Iran. Another notable species is the Iranian ground jay (Podoces pleskei), the only bird endemic to Iran.

Iranian ground jay
The Iranian ground jay (Podoces pleskei) or Pleske's ground jay, is a species of bird in the family Corvidae. It is endemic to Iran where it is known as zaghbur in Persian. The species is named after Russian zoologist Theodor Pleske.
Arrondissement of Rennes
The arrondissement of Rennes is an arrondissement of France in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in the Brittany region. It has 109 communes. Its population is 633,702 (2021), and its area is 2,228.4 km2 (860.4 sq mi).

Ille-et-Vilaine
Ille-et-Vilaine (French: [il e vilɛn] ⓘ; Gallo: Ill-e-Vilaenn; Breton: Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country. It is named after its two main rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine. It had a population of 1,079,498 in 2019.
Toyota TF107
The Toyota TF107 is the car with which the Toyota team competed in the 2007 Formula One season. It was revealed in Cologne on 12 January, prior to an exhaustive testing regime.

The chassis was designed by Pascal Vasselon, Mark Tatham and Mark Gillan with the engine being designed by Luca Marmorini and Noritoshi Arai overseeing the entire project.

Mark Gillan
Mark Gillan is a British Formula One and motorsport engineer and aerodynamicist. He served in senior roles with the McLaren, Jaguar Racing, Toyota Racing and Williams Racing teams. He is currently the CEO of cyber security company Angoka.