hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laurel-Snow State Natural Area
Laurel-Snow State Natural Area is a Tennessee Class II Natural-Scientific State Natural Area located in Rhea County, Tennessee, near Dayton, on Walden Ridge of the Cumberland Plateau. The 2,259-acre (9.14 km2) area is owned by the State of Tennessee and managed by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. It is a component of the Cumberland Trail, a linear park.

The Laurel-Snow trail within the natural area was the first National Recreation Trail designated in Tennessee.

The Laurel-Snow State Natural Area got its name from two of the four waterfalls in the area, the 80-foot (24 m) Laurel Falls
and the 12-foot (3.7 m) Snow Falls.

A 710-acre (2.9 km2) portion of the area was formerly a Bowater pocket wilderness.

Dayton, Tennessee
Dayton is a city in and the county seat of Rhea County, Tennessee, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the city population was 7,065. The Dayton Urban Cluster includes developed areas adjacent to the city and extends south to Graysville.

Dayton was the site of the Scopes trial in 1925 dealing with the rejection of evolution by religious groups.
The City Lady
The City Lady; Or, Folly Reclaim'd is a 1696 comedy play by the English writer Thomas Dilke. It was staged by Thomas Betterton's Company at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre with a cast that included George Bright as Grumble, Cave Underhill as Bevis, John Bowman as Bellardin, John Hodgson as Lovebright, Joseph Harris as Pedanty, John Freeman as Burgersditius, William Bowen as  Jasper, Elizabeth Barry as Lady Grumble, Elizabeth Bowman as  Lucinda, Elinor Leigh as Secreta and Abigail Lawson as Fidget.

Elinor Leigh
Elinor Leigh was a British stage actor of the seventeenth century.

Born Elinor Dixon, she was billed as Mrs Leigh or Mrs Lee after she married the actor Anthony Leigh in 1671. This has led to some difficulty distinguishing on playbills between her and the actress Mary Slingsby who also acted under her married name of Lee at the time. In addition another actress with the name Elizabeth Leigh was also active during the period.

She was a member of the Duke's Company in the 1670s which was then merged into the United Company from 1682, acting mainly at Drury Lane. Her husband died in 1692, and in 1695 she joined those who left to form a new company under Thomas Betterton at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre
Russian Rag (composition)
"Russian Rag" is a 1918 ragtime jazz piano composition by George L. Cobb. The composition was published by Francis, Day & Hunter Ltd.

The composition is based on the opening chord progression of  Rachmaninoff's Prelude in C-sharp minor, Op.3, No.2. The piece was such a hit that Cobb wrote The New Russian Rag in 1923 in an attempt to arrange more of the Rachmaninoff prelude for ragtime piano.

Elena Kats-Chernin wrote another later piano composition entitled Russian Rag in 1996.

Francis, Day & Hunter Ltd.
Francis, Day & Hunter is a British music publishing company, one of the leading publishers of music hall songs and popular music in the late 19th and 20th centuries. It was established in London in 1877 as W. & J. Francis and Day, later Francis Brothers & Day, becoming Francis, Day & Hunter in 1880. It became a subsidiary of EMI Publishing in 1972.
Ossolan Union for Autonomy
The Ossolan Union for Autonomy (Unione Ossolana per l'Autonomia, UOPA) was a regionalist political party active in Ossola, a valley region of Piedmont, Italy.

The party was founded in 1977 by Alvaro Corradini (mayor of Trontano and formerly partisan in the Italian Resistance), Walter Cattani, Sergio Gandolfi, Alberto Crotti, Camillo Ferrari, and Michele Hor. The UOPA had its roots in the short-lived independent partisan republic during the Italian resistance movement. The party's newspaper was edited briefly by Bruno Salvadori, leader of Valdostan Union and mentor of Umberto Bossi.

In list with List for Trieste, the UOPA won 0.5% in the 1980 regional election. In the same year the party elected five municipal councillors in Domodossola, being the third largest party in the town, and one provincial councillor in the Province of Novara.

The UOPA can be considered a direct precursor of Piedmontese Union, Autonomist Piedmont and, thus, Lega Nord and the Italian league movement.

Domodossola
Domodossola (Italian: [ˌdɔmoˈdɔssola]), locally also Domo (Ossolano: Dòmm), is a city and comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, in the region of Piedmont, northern Italy. The Peruvian aviation pioneer, Jorge Chávez, died here in 1910 in an airplane crash.
2013 US Open – Wheelchair quad doubles
Four-time defending champions David Wagner and Nick Taylor defeated Andrew Lapthorne and Lucas Sithole in the final, 6–0, 2–6, 6–3 to win the quad doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2013 US Open.

The event was not held in 2012 due to a scheduling conflict with the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

Nicholas Taylor (tennis)
Nicholas Taylor (born November 12, 1979) is an American wheelchair tennis player. Nick started playing tennis at the age of 14. He has played 5 times in the Australian Open and 7 times in the US Open (tennis). He has a total of 11 grand slam quad doubles titles, all of them won with partner David Wagner. Taylor and Wagner are the most successful partnership to ever play at the UNIQLO Wheelchair Doubles Masters. They have won the title 11 times as of November 2018.
Hiroe Minagawa
Hiroe Minagawa (皆川 博恵, Minagawa Hiroe; born 19 August 1987) née Suzuki is a Japanese sport wrestler who competes in the women's freestyle category. She claimed silver medal in the women's 76 kg event during the 2019 World Wrestling Championships and also qualified to represent Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics which will be held in Japan.

She was part of the Japan team which emerged as winners of the Wrestling World Cup in 2018.

2019 World Wrestling Championships
The 2019 World Wrestling Championships were held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan from 14 September to 22 September 2019.

The tournament served as qualification for the 2020 Summer Olympics, the top six wrestlers from each category earned their NOCs a qualification.
Pilili
Pilili is a reed wind instrument in Adjara, west Georgia. It is a pipe of 25-30cm in length with 5-7 keys.

Instruments from Russian Turkestan, 1869-1872...from left: nagaras, sorna, bülban, ghoshmeh, tas. The unknown reed-tipped pipe bears close resemblance to the Pilili.

Troop of Tajik or Uzbek musicians from Russian Turkestan.  Musician on far left has pilili-like instrument.

Adjara
Adjara (Georgian: აჭარა Ach’ara [at͡ʃʼara] ⓘ) or Achara, officially known as the Autonomous Republic of Adjara (Georgian: აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა Ach’aris Avt’onomiuri Resp’ublik’a [atʃʼaris avtʼonomiuri respʼublikʼa] ⓘ), is a political-administrative region of Georgia. It is in the country's southwestern corner, on the coast of the Black Sea, near the foot of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains, north of Turkey. It is an important tourist destination and includes Georgia's second most populous city of Batumi as its capital. About 401,100 people live on its 2,880 km2 (1,110 sq mi).

Adjara is home to the Adjarians, a regional subgroup of Georgians. The name can be spelled in a number of ways: Ajara, Ajaria, Adjaria, Adzharia, Atchara and Achara. Under the Soviet Union, Adjara was part of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic as the Adjarian ASSR. The autonomous status of Adjara is guaranteed under article 6 of the Treaty of Kars.
Motorways of Pakistan
Motorways of Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان کے موٹروے) are a network of multiple-lane, high-speed, controlled-access highways in Pakistan which are owned, maintained, and operated federally by Pakistan's National Highway Authority. At present, 2567 km of motorways are operational, while an additional 1191 km are under construction. Motorways are a part of Pakistan's "National Trade Corridor Project" and "China-Pakistan Belt Road Initiative," from Khunjerab Pass near the Chinese border to Gwadar in Balochistan. There are a total of 16 motorways, 11 of which are operational, while some are under construction and others are planned.

All motorways in Pakistan are prefixed with the letter 'M' (for "Motorway") followed by the unique numerical designation of the specific highway (with a hyphen in the middle), e.g. "M-1".

Khunjerab Pass
Khunjerab Pass (Chinese: 红其拉甫口岸; Urdu: درہ خنجراب listenⓘ; Uyghur: قونجىراپ ئېغىزى) is a mountain pass on the Karakoram Highway in Pakistani-administered Gilgit-Baltistan bordering Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. It is a high-altitude mountain pass lying at an elevation of 4,693 metres (15,397 ft) above sea level in the Karakoram. It holds a significant strategic position on the northern border of Pakistan, specifically in the Gilgit-Baltistan's Hunza and Nagar districts. Additionally, it is positioned on the southwestern border of China with Pakistan, in the Xinjiang region.

Near Khunjerab Pass, there is another pass known as Mutsjliga Pass, which stands at an elevation of 5,314 metres (17,434 ft) and is located at approximately 36°58′25″N 75°17′50″E﻿ / ﻿36.97374°N 75.2973°E﻿ / 36.97374; 75.2973.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 215
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 215 (P. Oxy. 215 or P. Oxy. II 215) is a philosophical fragment by an unknown author, written in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. It is dated to the first century BC or first century AD. Currently it is housed in the British Library (Department of Manuscripts, 1182) in London.

Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (/ˌɒksɪˈrɪŋkəs/ OK-sih-RINK-əs; Ancient Greek: Ὀξύῤῥυγχος, romanized: Oxýrrhynkhos, lit. 'sharp-nosed', Koine Greek: [okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]; Ancient Egyptian: pr mꜥḏ; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ or ⲡⲙ̅ϫⲏ, romanized: Pemdje), also known by its modern name Al-Bahnasa (Arabic: البهنسا, romanized: el-Bahnasa), is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an important  archaeological site. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
Queensland tiger
In Australian folklore, the Queensland tiger is a creature said to live in the Queensland area in eastern Australia.

Also known by a native name, yarri, it is described as being a dog-sized feline with stripes and a long tail, prominent front teeth and a savage temperament.  It has been hypothesized to be a survivor or descendant of the large predatory marsupial Thylacoleo, officially considered to be extinct, or possibly a large feral cat variant (given possible discrepancies with thylacoleo dentition). In 1926 A. S. le Souef described a "Striped marsupial cat" in The Wild Animals of Australasia, this information later also included in Furred Animals of Australia, by Ellis Troughton, longtime curator of mammals in the Australian Museum.

Thylacoleo
Thylacoleo ("pouch lion") is an extinct genus of carnivorous marsupials that lived in Australia from the late Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene (until around 40,000 years ago), often known as marsupial lions. They were the largest and last members of the family Thylacoleonidae, occupying the position of apex predator within Australian ecosystems. The largest and last species, Thylacoleo carnifex,  had an estimated average weight of 101 to 130 kg (223 to 287 lb), approaching the weight of a modern lioness (Panthera leo).
Saw Bwe Hmu
Saw Bwe Hmu (Burmese: စောဘွဲ့မှူး; 19 October 1952 – 24 July 1994) was a co-founder and the band leader of the Burmese band Iron Cross and a well known songwriter. An ethnic Karen Christian, he served as the lead guitarist of the band. Other band members included Chit San Maung (guitar), Khin Maung Thant (bass), Banya Naing (keyboards) and Kha Yan (drums). Lay Phyu, Ah Nge, Myo Gyi and Y Wine were the key singers of that band and R Zarni soon joined the band later. Composers Maung Maung Zaw Latt and L Phyu freed it from its reliance on such popular American bands as Metallica and won it critical acclaim and a wide public. He played the guitar at Success and Symphony music bands before Iron Cross was founded. He composed songs for Kaiser. He was a music critic, writing under the pen name Zar Hlaing.

He died at the age of 39 on 24 July 1994. He was survived by wife and ex-keyboard player Naw Phaw War and 2 daughters, Mi Mi Khe and Kabya Bwe Hmu, both of whom are successful singers.

Burmese names
Burmese names (Burmese: မြန်မာ အမည်) lack the serial structure of most Western names. Like other Mainland Southeast Asian people (except Vietnamese), the people of Myanmar have no customary matronymic or patronymic naming system and no tradition of surnames. Although other Mainland Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia introduced the use of surnames or patronyms in the early 20th century, Myanmar never introduced the use of surnames and lacks surnames in the modern day. Instead, Burmese names use an honorific prefix to reflect the person's stage in life and position in society.
Wattala Electoral District
Wattala electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between March 1960 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Wattala in Gampaha District, Western Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Wattala electoral district was replaced by the Gampaha multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections.

Constitution of Sri Lanka
The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව, romanized: Śrī Laṅkā āndukrama vyavasthāva, Tamil: இலங்கைச் சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசின் அரசமைப்பு, romanized: Ilaṅkaic caṉanāyaka cōcalicak kuṭiyaraciṉ aracamaippu) has been the constitution of the island nation of Sri Lanka since its original promulgation by the National State Assembly on 7 September 1978. As of October 2022 it has been formally amended 21 times.

It is Sri Lanka's second republican constitution, replacing the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972, its third constitution since the country gained  independence within the British Commonwealth as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, and its fourth constitution overall.
She's Like the Swallow
"She's Like the Swallow" (Roud 2306) is a folksong from Newfoundland. According to folklorist Neil V. Rosenberg, the song "appears never to have been widely known and sung in oral tradition" and the popularized version of the song differs significantly from the attested folk versions. The song was first collected by ethnomusicologist Maud Karpeles in 1930.

The English band Saint Etienne used the lyrics in their song "Like the Swallow" on the album Foxbase Alpha.

Roud Folk Song Index
The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of around 250,000 references to nearly 25,000 songs collected from oral tradition in the English language from all over the world. It is compiled by Steve Roud. Roud's Index is a combination of the Broadside Index (printed sources before 1900) and a "field-recording index" compiled by Roud. It subsumes all the previous printed sources known to Francis James Child (the Child Ballads) and includes recordings from 1900 to 1975. Until early 2006, the index was available by a CD subscription; now it can be found online on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website, maintained by the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). A partial list is also available at List of folk songs by Roud number.
Summerbridge, North Yorkshire
Summerbridge is a village in Nidderdale in North Yorkshire, England. It is on the River Nidd, adjacent to Dacre Banks on the opposite bank of the river, and lies about 2.5 miles (4 km) south east of Pateley Bridge. The village is part of the historic West Riding of Yorkshire.

The village has one public house, the Flying Dutchman, owned and operated by Samuel Smith Old Brewery, tea rooms and several other shops (including a general store and a large hardware store). There is also a garage and several more businesses on a small industrial estate at New York, sometimes considered part of Summerbridge. There is also a large Methodist church, a primary school and a retained fire station.

Summerbridge is served by two-hourly buses of Harrogate Bus Company (route 24) between Harrogate and Pateley Bridge.

The village is the largest settlement in the civil parish of Hartwith cum Winsley. It is the nearest village to Brimham Rocks, 2 miles (3 km) away.

North Yorkshire (district)
North Yorkshire (legally, the County of North Yorkshire) is a non-metropolitan county and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It covers the majority of the North York Moors, the Vale of Mowbray and Vale of York, and the Yorkshire Dales. It does not include the north-east of the ceremonial county or the unitary authority area of York. The largest settlement is Harrogate, and the administrative centre is Northallerton. North Yorkshire is the largest local government area in England, with an area of 3,103 square miles (8,037 km2).
St. Patrick's blue
St Patrick's blue is a name often mistakenly applied to several shades of blue associated with Ireland. The official colour of Ireland in heraldic terms is azure blue. The colour blue's association with Saint Patrick dates from the 1780s, when it was adopted as the colour of the Anglo-Irish Order of St Patrick. The term refers to a sky blue used by the Order of St Patrick, often confused in Ireland with a darker, rich blue. There is no de jure national colour in Ireland, with the only reference to any colour(s) appearing in Article 7 of the Irish Constitution in regards to the national flag. However, while green is the de facto national colour of Ireland, representing Ireland in many sporting, cultural, and business events, azure blue is still found in symbols of both the state and the island.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Vladimir Urutchev
Vladimir Urutchev (Bulgarian: Владимир Уручев) (born 1 October 1954 in Smolyan Province) is a Bulgarian politician who serves as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the GERB. Following Bulgaria's accession to the European Union in 2007, he was elected as one of the first group of Bulgarian members of the European Parliament. He was subsequently re-elected in 2009. Before becoming an MEP, Urutchev had worked as a nuclear engineer at the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant.

In 2019, Urutchev was the recipient of the Energy Award at The Parliament Magazine's annual MEP Awards.

Smolyan Province
41°40′N 24°35′E﻿ / ﻿41.667°N 24.583°E﻿ / 41.667; 24.583

Smolyan Province (Bulgarian: Област Смолян, Oblast Smolyan; former name Smolyan okrug) is a province in Southern-central Bulgaria, located in the Rhodope Mountains, neighbouring Greece to the south. It is named after its administrative and industrial centre — the city of Smolyan. The province embraces a territory of 3,192.8 km2 (1,232.7 sq mi). that is divided into 10 municipalities with a total population of 124,795, as of December 2009.
Rappadikalude Gatha
Rappadikalude Gatha (English: The Journey of the Nightingales) is a 1978 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by K. G. George and written by Padmarajan. The film stars M. G. Soman and Vidhubala, along with Sukumari, Jose, Krishnachandran, Prem Prakash and Aranmula Ponnamma in supporting roles. The film was released to widespread critical acclaim praising the writing, direction and the performance of the lead cast. However, despite the positive response the film bombed at the box office. The film won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular and Aesthetic Value at the 1978 Kerala State Film Awards.

Kerala State Film Awards
The Kerala State Film Awards  are the film awards for a motion picture made in Kerala. The awards were begun in 1969 by the Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala and since 1998 the awards have been bestowed by Kerala State Chalachitra Academy on behalf of the Department of Cultural Affairs.

The awardees are decided by an independent jury formed by the academy and the Department of Cultural Affairs, Kerala. The jury usually consists of eminent personalities from the film field. For the awards for literature on cinema a separate jury is formed. The academy annually invites films for the award and the jury analyses the films that are submitted before deciding the winners. The awards intend to promote films with artistic values and encourage artists, technicians and producers. The awards are declared by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the Chief Minister of Kerala.
Alfredo de los Santos (footballer)
Alfredo Héctor de los Santos Silva (born 12 February 1956) is a Uruguayan footballer. He played in twenty-five matches for the Uruguay national football team from 1975 to 1983. He was also part of Uruguay's squad for the 1975 Copa América tournament. At a club level, he played for Nacional, River Plate, and Barcelona, among others.

1975 Copa América
The 1975 edition of the Copa América football tournament was played between 17 July and 28 October. The tournament saw many significant shifts to its format, such as changing its name from South American Championship to Copa América and altering from a round-robin tournament to incorporating a group stage, a knockout round, and a final. Additionally all ten CONMEBOL countries participated for the first time, with defending champions Uruguay receiving a bye into the semi-finals and the rest starting in the group stage. For this tournament there was also no fixed venue, and all matches were played throughout the year in each country.
Modulating retro-reflector
A modulating retro-reflector (MRR) system combines an optical retro-reflector and an optical modulator to allow  optical communications and sometimes other functions such as programmable signage.

Free space optical communication technology has emerged in recent years as an attractive alternative to the conventional radio frequency (RF) systems. This emergence is due in large part to the increasing maturity of lasers and compact optical systems that enable exploitation of the inherent advantages (over RF) of the much shorter wavelengths characteristic of optical and near-infrared carriers:

Larger bandwidth

Low probability of intercept

Immunity from interference or jamming

Frequency spectrum allocation issue relief

Smaller, lighter, lower power

Low-probability-of-intercept radar
A low-probability-of-intercept radar (LPIR) is a radar employing measures to avoid detection by passive radar detection equipment (such as a radar warning receiver (RWR), or electronic support receiver) while it is searching for a target or engaged in target tracking. This characteristic is desirable in a radar because it allows finding and tracking an opponent without alerting them to the radar's presence. This also protects the radar installation from anti-radiation missiles (ARMs).

LPI measures include:

Power management

High duty cycle, meaning the transmitter is on most of the time (long integration times)

Wide bandwidth (or Ultra-wideband)

Frequency agility, and frequency selection

Advanced/irregular scan patterns

Coded pulses (coherent detection)

High processing gain

Low sidelobe antennas