hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Humphreys Station, California
36°57′40″N 119°26′40″W﻿ / ﻿36.96111°N 119.44444°W﻿ / 36.96111; -119.44444

Humphreys Station (formerly, Humphreys) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 23 miles (37 km) northeast of Fresno.

The name honors pioneer John W. Humphreys.

John and his brother Miles Humphreys opened a store at the site after the Civil War.  The business catered to stage travelers and to lumber workers on the Tollhouse Road, and was an unofficial passenger drop-off point for the Butterfield Overland Mail.  Originally known as Humphreys Station, the site often became known as Humphrey Station after a restaurant of that name opened on the site in 1920.

A one-room schoolhouse operated at Humphreys Station until 1926.

Butterfield Overland Mail
Butterfield Overland Mail (officially Overland Mail Company) was a stagecoach service in the United States operating from 1858 to 1861. It carried passengers and U.S. Mail from two eastern termini, Memphis, Tennessee, and St. Louis, Missouri, to San Francisco, California. The routes from each eastern terminus met at Fort Smith, Arkansas, and then continued through Indian Territory (Oklahoma), Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico, and California ending in San Francisco. On March 3, 1857, Congress authorized the U.S. postmaster general, at that time Aaron V. Brown, to contract for delivery of the U.S. mail from St. Louis to San Francisco. Prior to this, U.S. Mail bound for the Far West had been delivered by the San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line since June 1857.

The route was designated a national historic trail in 2023.
Rhinusa pilosa
Rhinusa pilosa is a species of true weevil in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. It is found exclusively on
Linaria vulgaris Mill. (Plantaginaceae), also known as common or yellow toadflax where it creates a gall on the plant's stem, and was found originally in Serbia. R. pilosa has been introduced in the United States and Canada as an biocontrol agent to control L. vulgaris.

Two related species formerly considered part of R. pilosa are  Rhinusa brondelii and Rhinusa rara, which feed on Linaria purpurea and Linaria genistifolia/Linaria dalmatica, respectively.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Emil Anneke
Emil Anneke (Emil Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Annecke; December 13, 1823 in Dortmund – October 27, 1888 in Bay City, Michigan, United States) was a German revolutionary as well as Forty-Eighter and American journalist, lawyer and politician (Republican Party). From 1863 until 1866, he served as Michigan Auditor General, the first Republican serving in that position. Emil was the younger brother of U.S. colonel and former German revolutionary commander Fritz Anneke, his sister-in-law was the famous German-American writer, college founder, abolitionist and suffragette Mathilde Anneke.

Bay City, Michigan
Bay City is a city in Bay County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 32,661 at the 2020 census. The city is located just upriver from the Saginaw Bay on the Saginaw River. It is the principal city of the Bay City metropolitan area, which is coterminous with Bay County as part of the larger Greater Tri-Cities region of Central Michigan. Several historic bridges cross the Saginaw River in Bay City, including Liberty Bridge, Veterans Memorial Bridge, Independence Bridge, and Lafayette Avenue Bridge.
Spanish Constitution of 1869
The Spanish Constitution of 1869 (Spanish: Constitucion española de 1869), enacted on 1 June 1869, was the sixth constitution of the constitutions of Spain to emerge from the turbulent period in Spanish history of 1814-1873.

The constitution was adopted by the Spanish Provisional Government of 1868-1871 which was formed after the successful Glorious Revolution of 1868 that ended the autocratic reign of Isabel II of Spain, creating a constitutional monarchy, with Marshal Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre as regent, recognizing the freedom of religion for the first time. The constitution restored the universal manhood suffrage established by the Constitution of 1812, and declared also the freedom of the press, the freedom of assembly and the freedom of association. The constitution came into effect during the reign of Amadeo I of Spain.

Universal manhood suffrage
Universal manhood suffrage is a form of voting rights in which all adult male citizens within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, race, or any other qualification. It is sometimes summarized by the slogan, "one man, one vote".
Agadmator
Antonio Radić (born 16 June 1987), better known as agadmator (Croatian pronunciation: [agad'mator̩]), is a Croatian YouTuber and chess player. He has one of the most popular chess channels on YouTube, and was the most subscribed chess YouTuber from 2018 to late 2021, when he was surpassed by GothamChess. Although he does not participate in many international chess tournaments, he is active on various online chess platforms, including Lichess and Chess.com. On his channel, Radić reviews recent tournament games from top players, historical matches, and chess compositions. He occasionally features his own real-time rapid games, played on Lichess.

Lichess
Lichess (/ˈliː.tʃɛs/, LEE-ches) is an Internet chess server that is free and open-source, run by a non-profit organization of the same name. Users of the site can play online chess anonymously and optionally register an account to play games to earn a rating on Lichess. Lichess is ad-free and all the features are available for free, as the site is funded by donations from patrons, who receive a special badge as thanks for their support. Features include chess puzzles, computer analysis, tournaments and chess variants.
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a solid rocket propellant. It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or zinc-sulfur, not only in chemical composition and overall performance but also by  being cast into shape, as opposed to powder pressing as with black powder. This provides manufacturing regularity and repeatability, which are necessary requirements for use in the aerospace industry.

Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oxide (or aluminium(III) oxide) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium oxide. It is commonly called alumina and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, ALOX or alundum in various forms and applications. Alumina is refined from bauxite. It occurs naturally in its crystalline polymorphic phase α-Al2O3 as the mineral corundum, varieties of which form the precious gemstones ruby and sapphire, which have an alumina content approaching 100%. Al2O3 is used as feedstock to produce aluminium metal, as an abrasive owing to its hardness, and as a refractory material owing to its high melting point.
Rådhuspladsen station
Rådhuspladsen station (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁʌðhusˌpʰlæsn̩], lit. City Hall Square) is an underground Copenhagen Metro station located on City Hall Square in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The station is on the City Circle Line (M3 and M4), between Gammel Strand and Copenhagen Central Station, and is in fare zone 1.

Nearby landmarks include Copenhagen City Hall, the southwestern end of Strøget, Tivoli Gardens,  the National Museum of Denmark and the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek 9.

National Museum of Denmark
The National Museum of Denmark (Danish: Nationalmuseet) in Copenhagen is Denmark's largest museum of cultural history, comprising the histories of Danish and foreign cultures, alike. The museum's main building is located a short distance from Strøget at the center of Copenhagen. It contains exhibits from around the world, from Greenland to South America. Additionally, the museum sponsors SILA - The Greenland Research Center at the National Museum of Denmark to further archaeological and anthropological research in Greenland.

The museum has a number of national commitments, particularly within the following key areas: archaeology, ethnology, numismatics, ethnography, natural science, conservation, communication, building antiquarian activities in connection with the churches of Denmark, as well as the handling of the Danefæ (the National Treasures).
Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's standing long jump
The men's standing long jump was one of six jumping events on the athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme in London. The competition was held on Monday, July 20, 1908. Twenty-five long jumpers from eleven nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. The event was won by Ray Ewry of the United States, his third consecutive victory in the event. Ewry won all eight standing jump events from 1900 to 1908 as well as both events at the 1906 Intercalated Games. Konstantinos Tsiklitiras of Greece took silver. American Martin Sheridan earned bronze.

Konstantinos Tsiklitiras
Konstantinos "Kostis" Tsiklitiras  (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος "Κωστής" Τσικλητήρας; 30 October 1888 – 10 February 1913) was a Greek athlete and Olympic champion.

Born in Pylos, he moved to Athens in 1905 to study medicine. Tsiklitiras soon took up sports and joined Panellinios GS. He practised football with Panellinios and Panathinaikos (he was the first goalkeeper of Panathinaikos) and water polo, but is best remembered for winning four Olympic medals in standing long jump and standing high jump in the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics. He was Greek champion 19 times.

His career stopped in 1913 when he volunteered to fight in the Balkan Wars. Although he could avoid conscription, he insisted on fighting for his country and fought at the Battle of Bizani. He contracted meningitis and died in Athens at the age of 24.  His family home still exists in Pylos and holds a museum of his athletic achievements.  There is a marble statue in front.
Zambia national netball team
The Zambia national netball team represent Zambia in international netball competition, and are governed by the Netball Association of Zambia (NAZ). Zambia won their first international medal when they placed third at the 2011 All-Africa Games in Mozambique. In 2012, they won silver at the Confederation of African Netball Associations (CANA) tournament in Zanzibar, bronze at the COSANA Africa Cup in Tanzania and another bronze at the Diamond Challenge in South Africa.

Zambia made their debut on the INF World Rankings in October 2012, placing 22nd. As of 21 July 2019, they are ranked 15th in the world, and 5th in Africa. Charles Zulu was appointed head coach of the Zambian team in April 2012, replacing Davies Twininge.

World Netball Rankings
The World Netball Rankings are a ranking system for national netball teams. They were originally known as the IFNA World Rankings and previously known as the INF World Rankings. They are published by World Netball. They were first introduced in February 2008 and have been developed and maintained by the cricket statistician, David Kendix. Australia and New Zealand have dominated the World Netball Rankings. Between 2008 and 2018 they were the only two teams to have ever held the number one and/or number two places. In July 2018, England became the first team to break their dominance when they were ranked number two. In July 2019, Jamaica were ranked number two for the first time.
Paliki
Paliki (Greek: Παλική) is a peninsula and a former municipality on the island of Kefalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece. At the 2011 local government reform it became part of the municipality Kefalonia. In 2019 this municipality was divided into three municipalities, and the municipal unit Paliki became the only municipal unit of the new municipality Lixouri. The municipal unit has an area of 119.341 km2. The name comes from the ancient town of Pale/Pali, which was north of Lixouri and is now an archaeological site. The peninsula is the westernmost part of Kefalonia. The seat of the municipality was the town Lixouri (3,752).

Ionian Islands (region)
The Ionian Islands Region (/aɪˈoʊniən/ eye-OH-nee-ən; Greek: Περιφέρεια Ιονίων Νήσων, romanized: Periféria Ioníon Níson, [periˈferia ioˈnion ˈnison]) is the smallest by area of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece located in the Ionian Sea. It comprises all the Ionian Islands except Kythera, which, although historically part of the island group, was separated and integrated to the Attica Region.
Jee Karda
Jee Karda (transl. 'Feeling like') is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama television series for Amazon Prime Video, directed by Arunima Sharma. Produced by Maddock Films, the series stars Tamannaah Bhatia, Suhail Nayyar, Aashim Gulati, and Anya Singh in the lead roles.

Jee Karda was released on Amazon Prime Video on 15 June 2023. For her notable performance in the series, Tamannaah received the Best Actor of the Year - Female (Series) award at the Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest.

Maddock Films
Maddock Films is an Indian film production company founded by Indian producer and director Dinesh Vijan in 2005. Maddock has produced Hindi films such as Love Aaj Kal (2009), Cocktail (2012), Badlapur (2015), Hindi Medium (2017) and its sequel Angrezi Medium, Luka Chuppi (2019), Bala (2019), Mimi (2021), Zara Hatke Zara Bachke (2023) and Chhaava (2025).

They also have their own film universe called the Maddock Horror Comedy Universe which consists of Stree (2018), Stree 2 (2024), Bhediya (2022) and Munjya (2024) and Thamma (2025). The franchise has been commercially successful, having grossed a combined ₹1,186 crore against a combined budget of ₹235 crore.
WQSH (FM)
WQSH (103.5 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Cobleskill, New York, and serving the Mohawk Valley and the western Capital District of New York. The station is owned by Townsquare Media and broadcasts a classic rock radio format, simulcasting WQBK-FM 105.7.  The radio studios and offices are on Kings Road in Schenectady.

WQSH has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts, the maximum for this section of the Northeastern United States.  It transmits from a tower on Indian Road in Palatine, New York.

Palatine, New York
Palatine is a town in Montgomery County, New York, United States. It is located on the north side of the Mohawk River in the northwestern part of the county. The population was 3,189 at the 2020 census. The name is derived from the Palatinate region in the Rhineland, the homeland of the Germans who were the earliest European settlers of this region. Administrative offices of the town are located in Palatine Bridge.
Bríd Rodgers
Bríd Rodgers (née Stratford; born 20 February 1935) is an Irish nationalist former politician. She was born and raised in Gweedore in the west of County Donegal, Ireland.

Although born and brought up in a Gaeltacht area within the Republic of Ireland, she was politically active in Northern Ireland, where she was Deputy-Leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) from 2001 to 2004, and a Member of the Legislative Assembly for Upper Bann from 1998 until 2003.

2003 Northern Ireland Assembly election
The 2003 Northern Ireland Assembly election was held on Wednesday, 26 November 2003, after being suspended for just over a year. It was the second election to take place since the devolved assembly was established in 1998. Each of Northern Ireland's eighteen Westminster Parliamentary constituencies elected six members by single transferable vote, giving a total of 108 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). The election was contested by 18 parties and many independent candidates.
Chautala, Sirsa
Chautala is a village near Sirsa in Dabwali Mandal, Sirsa district in Haryana, India. Chaudhary Devi Lal, former deputy prime minister of India belonged to this village, as their ancestors settled here 1919.

Omparkash Chautala, former five term chief minister of Haryana, was the first person in the family of Devi Lal, who started using this village name (Chautala) as their surname, although they belongs to the Sihag clan of Hindu Jats.

Chautala has a hospital, an industrial training institute, government senior secondary schools for boys and girls, a private secondary school named Sheetal High School, two stadiums and two banks.

Queen's Baton Relay for the 2010 Commonwealth Games passed through this village. 51st Senior National Volleyball Championship was held in Chaudhary Sahib Ram Stadium, Chautala in 2002.

Industrial training institute
Industrial training institutes (ITI) and industrial training centers (ITC) are qualifications and post-secondary schools in India constituted under the Directorate General of Training (DGT), Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Union Government, to provide training in various trades.
Viviane Ndour
Viviane (born Viviane Chidid) is a Senegalese pop singer who is the former backing vocalist and former sister-in-law of Youssou N'Dour. Viviane is known as the queen or reine of Senegalese music. Her music combines traditional Senegalese mbalax music with elements of U.S. rap, R&B and Country music. She released her first album in 1999 and formed a group called Le Jolof Band in 2001. Most of her songs are in either Wolof or English though a few are in French, the official language of Senegal.  On March 31, 2012 the label Wonda Music of producer Jerry 'Wonder' Duplessis signed her to his recording label. Since then, Viviane has been working with Jerry Wonda and her album was released in 2015.

Jerry Duplessis
Jerry "Wonda" Duplessis (born August 9, 1975) is a Haitian record producer and musician. His first major success came as the producer of the Fugees' 1996 album The Score. He served as the bass guitarist for the group and is the cousin of Wyclef Jean, with whom he has collaborated on multiple projects.
Jai Shri Krishna (TV series)
Jai Shri Krishna (transl. Hail Lord Krishna) is an Indian drama television series produced by Sagar Pictures, which aired on Colors TV from 21 July 2008 to 15 September 2009. 
It is the remake of Ramanand Sagar's successful show Sri Krishna and was handled by his son Moti Sagar of Sagar Pictures. It is based on Mahabharata, Harivamsa, Bhagavata Purana, and the Vishnu Purana.

Colors TV
Colors TV India is an Indian general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, fantasy shows, romantic dramas, comedies, reality shows and crime shows.
Dawid Kellerman
Dawid Kellerman is a South African rugby union player for the Blue Bulls in the Currie Cup. His regular position is centre.

Kellerman was named in the Blue Bulls side for their Round 7 match of the 2020–21 Currie Cup Premier Division against the Pumas. He made his debut in the same fixture, starting the match at inside centre.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
Chris Dry
Christopher Adriaan Dry (born 13 February 1988) is a South African professional rugby union player, currently playing with the South African Sevens team in the Sevens World Series. His regular position is a flanker.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Ernst Pflüger
Ernst Pflüger (1 July 1846, in Büren an der Aare – 30 September 1903, in Bern) was a Swiss ophthalmologist.

In 1870 he received his medical doctorate at the University of Bern, then furthered his education in ophthalmology at Utrecht University with Franciscus Donders and at the University of Vienna with Carl Ferdinand von Arlt. Afterwards, he worked as an eye doctor in Lucerne, and in 1876 became an associate professor and successor to Henri Dor at the University of Bern. From 1879 up until his death in 1903, he was a full professor of ophthalmology at the university.

From 1882 to 1896 he developed optotypes for the testing of vision. He also made contributions in the areas of retinoscopy, direct ophthalmoscopy and ophthalmometry. He published around 100 papers on topics such as myopia, glaucoma, color vision, et al.

University of Bern
The University of Bern (German: Universität Bern, French: Université de Berne, Latin: Universitas Bernensis) is a public research university in the Swiss capital of Bern. It was founded in 1834. It is regulated and financed by the canton of Bern. It is a comprehensive university offering a broad choice of courses and programs in eight faculties and some 150 institutes. With around 19,000 students, the University of Bern is the third largest university in Switzerland.
Adaro (mythology)
Adaro is a term for two distinct classes of beings found in the mythology of Makira island, in the Solomon Islands. The first class is that of ghosts, which may enter an animal, tree, or stone, or remain in the village where they had lived. With the proper entreaties, these ghosts can be commanded to kill or maim living people at a distance. The other class is of elemental spirit who play a part in many creation stories around the island.

Makira
The island of Makira (previously known as San Cristóbal) is the largest island of Makira-Ulawa Province in Solomon Islands. It is third most populous of the Solomon Islands after Malaita and Guadalcanal, with a population of 55,126 as of 2020. The island is located east of Guadalcanal and south of Malaita. The largest and capital city is Kirakira.
Bishazari Tal
Bishazari Tal, also spelled Beeshazar Tal, is an extensive oxbow lake system in the buffer zone of the Chitwan National Park, a protected area in the Inner Terai of central Nepal. This wetland covers an area of 3,200 ha (7,900 acres) at an altitude of 286 m (938 ft). The Mahabharat mountain range (Lower Himalayan Range) is located north of the lake, which is itself north of the Siwalik Hills. In August 2003, it has been designated as a Ramsar site.

The Nepali words 'bis' बिस् (twenty), 'hajār' हजार् (thousand) and 'tāl' ताल् (lake) mean '20,000 lakes'.

Oxbow lake
An oxbow lake is a U-shaped lake or pool that forms when a wide meander of a river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water. The word "oxbow" can also refer to a U-shaped bend in a river or stream, whether it is cut off from the main stream. It takes its name from an oxbow which is part of a harness for oxen to pull a plough or cart.

In South Texas, oxbows left by the Rio Grande are called resacas.  In Australia, oxbow lakes are called billabongs.