hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DipNote
DipNote is the official blog of the United States Department of State. It was launched on September 25, 2007, with the first post by U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs Sean McCormack. It was revised in 2009, with the Departments' 21st Century Statecraft initiative. DipNote works in conjunction with other public diplomacy programs, as part of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's smart power initiatives.

Public diplomacy
In international relations, public diplomacy broadly speaking, is any of the various government-sponsored efforts aimed at communicating directly with foreign publics to establish a dialogue designed to inform and influence with the aim of building support for the state's strategic objectives. These also include propaganda. As the international order has changed over the twentieth century, so has the practice of public diplomacy. Its practitioners use a variety of instruments and methods ranging from personal contact and media interviews to the internet and educational exchanges.
SketchFighter 4000 Alpha
SketchFighter 4000 Alpha is a 2006 Metroidvania scrolling shooter video game developed by Lost Minds and originally published by Ambrosia Software for Mac OS X. SketchFighter uses OpenGL and a custom game engine to create visuals for all elements of the game reminiscent of hand-drawn sketches.

SketchFighter was originally released on November 30, 2006 as shareware; specifically, crippleware as only a subset of the game is playable prior to registration.

In 2020, SketchFighter was re-released for the Mac App Store by Lost Minds after Ambrosia closed its doors.

Mac App Store
The Mac App Store (also known as the App Store) is a digital distribution platform for macOS apps, often referred to as Mac apps, created and maintained by Apple. The platform was announced on October 20, 2010, at Apple's "Back to the Mac" event. Apple began accepting app submissions from registered developers on November 3, 2010, in preparation for its launch.

The Mac App Store was launched on January 6, 2011, as part of the free Mac OS X 10.6.6 update for all current Snow Leopard users. After 24 hours of release, Apple announced that there were over one million downloads.
Southern Highland Group
The  Southern Highland Group is a sequence of metamorphosed Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks that outcrop across the Central Highlands of Scotland, east of the Great Glen. It forms the uppermost/youngest part of the Dalradian Supergroup and is divided into two formations. Volcanism is recorded by the Loch Avich Lavas Formation which divides the Loch Avich Grits Formation into lower and upper parts – the grits are turbidite and submarine fan deposits.  In Perthshire and on Deeside, the Leny Limestone, which has been dated to 514 Ma, is present. A tillite, the Macduff Boulder Bed is known from the upper part of the group in northeast Scotland.

Turbidite
A turbidite is the geologic deposit of a turbidity current, which is a type of amalgamation of fluidal and sediment gravity flow responsible for distributing vast amounts of clastic sediment into the deep ocean.
2016 Vietnam Open (tennis) – Doubles
Tristan Lamasine and Nils Langer were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Sanchai and Sonchat Ratiwatana won the title after defeating Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan and Ramkumar Ramanathan 7–5, 6–4 in the final.

Sonchat Ratiwatana
Sonchat Ratiwatana (Thai: สนฉัตร รติวัฒน์, pronounced [sǒn.t͡ɕʰàt rá(ʔ).tī.wát]), nicknamed Ton (ต้น, [tôn]; born January 23, 1982, in Bangkok) is a professional tennis player from Thailand. In 2007, Sonchat and his twin brother Sanchai Ratiwatana won their first ATP doubles title in Bangkok in their home country. In the final, the team beat 2007 Wimbledon men's doubles winner Michaël Llodra and 2007 U.S. Open men's doubles semifinalist Nicolas Mahut. He reached his highest doubles ranking at world number 39 as of 28 April 2008. He plays right-handed and turned professional in 2004. He and his twin brother played in their first grand slam tournament during the Australian Open in 2008,  where they lost to the eventual finalist pairing of Arnaud Clément & Michaël Llodra of France in the first round.
Kyaw Yin
Kyaw Yin (Burmese: ကျော်ရင် 1873 - 1939), also known as Mee-Bone-Pyan U Kyaw Yin, was a Burmese balloonist who flew a hot air balloon to many places in Burma. He flew his personally designed hot air balloon (Mee-Bone-Pyan in Burmese) in acrobatic fashion as a stuntman. He tried extensively to get a license from the British Government for flying hot air balloons (at that time, Burma was under British colonial rule).

When he started performing, he was a school teacher in Tavoy High School. From the age of 56 to 66 years, he flew 55 times with his balloon that was 45 feet in height and could fly up to 2 miles in normal weather. Most of his flight income was donated to charity. He tried for a worldwide show but failed due to the difficulty acquiring a license. His last performance was in 1939 in Tavoy; he died later that year.

He is mentioned, along with a photo, in Into Hidden Burma by Maurice Collis.

Stunt performer
A stunt performer, often called a stuntman or stuntwoman and occasionally stuntperson or stunt-person, is a trained professional who performs daring acts, often as a career. Stunt performers usually appear in films or on television, as opposed to a daredevil, who performs for a live audience. When they take the place of another actor, they are known as stunt doubles.
Babuvirus
Babuvirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Nanoviridae. Musa species serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: stunting, severe necrosis and early plant death. BBTV induces banana bunchy top disease (BBTD).

Musa (genus)
Musa is one of three genera in the family Musaceae. The genus includes 83 species of flowering plants producing edible bananas and plantains (also known as cooking bananas), and fiber (abacá), used to make paper and cloth. Though they grow as high as trees, banana and plantain plants are not woody and their apparent "stem" is made up of the bases of the huge leaf stalks. Thus, they are technically gigantic herbaceous plants.
Central Bosnia
Central Bosnia (Bosnian: Srednja Bosna, Croatian: Središnja Bosna) is a central subregion of Bosnia, which consists of a core mountainous area with several basins, valleys and mountains. It is bordered by Bosnian Krajina to the northwest, Tropolje (Livno area) to the west, Herzegovina to the south, Sarajevo to the east and Tuzla to the northeast. It is a part of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and is divided between the Central Bosnia Canton and the Zenica-Doboj Canton, with a population of around 800,000. The largest city in the region is Zenica, with the Sarajevo-Zenica basin being the most densely populated area. Its highest peaks are Vranica (2,110 m), Šćit (1,780 m) and Bitovnja (1,700 m).

Central Bosnia Canton
The Central Bosnia Canton (Bosnian: Srednjobosanski kanton/Средњобосански кантон, Croatian: Kanton Središnja Bosna; Serbian: Средњобосански кантон, romanized: Srednjobosanski kanton) is a federated state and one of ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The most populous settlement in the region is Bugojno, followed by Travnik and Novi Travnik.
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC36A1 gene.

This gene encodes a member of the eukaryote-specific amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) 1 transporter family. The encoded protein functions as a proton-dependent, small amino acid transporter. This gene is clustered with related family members on chromosome 5q33.1.

AAAP family
The Amino Acid/Auxin Permease (AAAP) Family (TC# 2.A.18) is a family of secondary carrier proteins, a member of the APC Superfamily that includes hundreds of proteins from plants, animals, fungi and lower eukaryotes. Six AAAPs in A. thaliana are well characterized and transport neutral and charged amino acids with varying specificities and affinities.
Seghir Mostefai
Seghir Mostefai (1926 – 21 January 2016) was an Algerian lawyer, economist and high civil servant. He graduated with a master's degree in law and economics from Sorbonne University, Paris. Long time anti-colonial activist with responsibilities in the political independentist organization in Algeria and later in exile in Tunis, he participated to the negotiation of the Évian Accords leading to the independence of Algeria. He founded the Central Bank of Algeria, created the national currency and served as Governor of the Central Bank, representing Algeria at the board of the IMF for 20 years.

Mostefai played a key role in the negotiations for the liberation of the American hostages in Tehran in 1981. He died on 21 January 2016, at the age of 89.

Law and economics
Law and economics, or economic analysis of law, is the application of microeconomic theory to the analysis of law. The field emerged in the United States during the early 1960s, primarily from the work of scholars from the Chicago school of economics such as Aaron Director, George Stigler, and Ronald Coase. The field uses economics concepts to explain the effects of laws, assess which legal rules are economically efficient, and predict which legal rules will be promulgated. There are two major branches of law and economics. One is based on the application of the methods and theories of neoclassical economics to the positive and normative analysis of the law. The second branch focuses on an institutional analysis of law and legal institutions, with a broader focus on economic, political, and social outcomes, and overlapping with analyses of the institutions of politics and governance.
Inquiry Hub Secondary School
Inquiry Hub Secondary School is a high school located in Coquitlam, BC, Canada. Established in 2012, it is part of School District 43 Coquitlam. It is a self-guided school that focuses on independent learning versus traditional classroom learning. In 2022, it contained 87 people (including staff).

Coquitlam
Coquitlam (/koʊˈkwɪtləm/ ⓘ koh-KWIT-ləm) is a city in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. Mainly suburban, Coquitlam is the sixth-largest city in the province, with an estimated population of 174,248 in 2024, and one of the 21 municipalities comprising Metro Vancouver. The mayor is Richard Stewart.
David D'Or
David D'Or (Hebrew: דוד ד'אור; born David Nehaisi on October 2, 1965) is an Israeli singer, composer, and songwriter. A countertenor with a vocal range of more than four octaves, he is a three-time winner of the Israeli "Singer of the Year" and "Best Vocal Performer" awards. He was also chosen to represent Israel in the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest, at which he placed 11th in the semi-final. By February 2008, nine of his albums had gone platinum.

D'Or performs a wide variety of music, including pop, rock, dance, folk, klezmer, Yemenite prayers, holy music, ancient chants, classical, opera, and baroque arias (in the original Italian).

Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra
The Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra (Serbian: Београдска филхармонија, romanized: Beogradska filharmonija) is an orchestra located in Belgrade, Serbia. It is regularly considered one of the finest in the country.
Intxaurrondo station
Intxaurrondo is a railway station in San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain. It is owned by Euskal Trenbide Sarea and operated by Euskotren. It lies on the San Sebastián-Hendaye railway, popularly known as the Topo line. The Cercanías San Sebastián station of the same name serves the same area, but is unrelated to the Euskotren station.

Euskotren
Euskotren, formally known as Basque Railways (Basque: Eusko Trenbideak, Spanish: Ferrocarriles Vascos), is a public railway company controlled by the Basque Government and officially established in 1982 to operate several 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) narrow gauge railways inside the autonomous community of the Basque Country, under the terms of the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country. Originally operating under the commercial brand ET/FV, it took control of the management and operations of the narrow gauge lines formerly operated by the railway company FEVE. The commercial brand eventually changed to Euskotren, as it remains today. Since 2006, the infrastructure on which the company runs its trains has been owned by Euskal Trenbide Sarea.
Gentbrugge
Gentbrugge (Dutch pronunciation: [ɣɛndˈbrʏɣə]; lit. 'Ghent Bridge') is a sub-municipality of the city of Ghent located in the province of East Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Ghent.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
Francesco Usper
Francesco Usper (real name Spongia or Sponga) (1 November 1561 – 24 February 1641), was an Italian composer and organist born in Rovigno, Istria (now Rovinj, Croatia). He settled in Venice before 1586 and is associated with the confraternity St. Giovanni Evangelista, Venice. He spent most of his life there, serving as organist, chaplain, manager of the adjoining church (the S. Salvador) and administrative officer. Usper studied under Andrea Gabrieli and apparently became a fairly well known composer; he collaborated in the writing of a Requiem mass (now lost) with Giovanni Battista Grillo and Claudio Monteverdi for the Grand Duke Cosimo II, and he served as substitute organist at St. Mark's in 1622 and 1623. Although his music tended towards conservatism, he shows his ability to handle with skill sensitivity to the instrumental styles just emerging in the early 17th century.

San Giovanni Evangelista, Venice
The church of San Giovanni Evangelista is a 15th-century religious building in the San Polo sestiere of the Italian city of Venice. It stands across a courtyard from the Scuola Grande di San Giovanni Evangelista.
Sentencing Amendment Act 2024
The Sentencing Amendment Act 2024 is a New Zealand Act of Parliament which amends the Sentencing Act 2002 to make membership of criminal gangs an aggravating factor in sentencing. The Act was split from the Sixth National Government's Gangs Legislation Bill on 8 August 2024, with the companion Gangs Act 2024 banning gang insignia and creating new anti-gang dispersal and non-consorting orders. The two laws passed their third reading on 19 September 2024.

Paul Goldsmith (politician)
Paul Jonathan Goldsmith (born 1971) is a New Zealand historian and politician. The biographer of several leading right-wing political and business figures, he was first elected a list member of the New Zealand House of Representatives for the National Party at the 2011 election.

Goldsmith is Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage, Minister of Justice, Minister for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations, and Minister for Media and Communications in the Sixth National Government. He was previously an Auckland City Councillor between 2007 and 2010, and a Cabinet minister in the Fifth National Government.
Chitaura indica
Chitaura indica is a species of grasshopper found in South India. It was described by Boris Uvarov in 1929 based on specimens collected from Siddapura in the Karnataka part of the Western Ghats. Despite his original paper introduction mentioning that the holotype of this species along with nine other described by him in the paper was deposited in Natural History Museum of Geneva collections, it was the paratype that was actually deposited in the Geneva collections.

Paratype
In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype nor a syntype). Often there is more than one paratype. Paratypes are usually held in museum research collections.

The exact meaning of the term paratype when it is used in zoology is not the same as the meaning when it is used in botany. In both cases however, this term is used in conjunction with holotype.
Dubai Financial Market
The Dubai Financial Market (DFM; Arabic: سوق دبي المالي) is a stock exchange located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It was founded on 26 March 2000.

At the end of March 2025, the market capitalization of the Dubai stock exchange listed companies reached 897 billion AED (244 billion US$).

United Arab Emirates dirham
The Emirati dirham (symbol: ; currency code: AED; /ˈdɪər(h)əm/;) Arabic: درهم إماراتي, abbreviation: د.إ in Arabic, Dh; is the official currency of the United Arab Emirates. The dirham is subdivided into 100 fils (فلس). It is pegged to the United States dollar at a constant exchange rate of approximately 3.67 AED to 1 USD. In March 2025, the UAE Central Bank announced the creation of a Dirham currency symbol, , derived from the Latin letter D crossed with two horizontal lines.
II25,1
In mathematics, II25,1 is the even 26-dimensional Lorentzian unimodular lattice. It has several unusual properties, arising from Conway's discovery  that it has a norm zero Weyl vector. In particular it is closely related to the Leech lattice Λ, and has the Conway group Co1 at the top of its automorphism group.

Proceedings of the Royal Society
Proceedings of the Royal Society is the main research journal of the Royal Society. The journal began in 1831 and was split into two series in 1905:

Series A: for papers in physical sciences and mathematics.

Series B: for papers in life sciences.

Many landmark scientific discoveries are published in the Proceedings, making it one of the most important science journals in history. The journal contains several articles written by prominent scientists such as Paul Dirac, Werner Heisenberg, Ernest Rutherford, Erwin Schrödinger, William Lawrence Bragg, Lord Kelvin, J.J. Thomson, James Clerk Maxwell, Dorothy Hodgkin and Stephen Hawking.

In 2004, the Royal Society began The Journal of the Royal Society Interface for papers at the interface of physical sciences and life sciences.
Cabin in the Snow
Cabin in the Snow or Cabin under Snow (German :Verschneite Hütte) is an 1827 oil painting on canvas by the German artist Caspar David Friedrich, first exhibited at the exhibition held by the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, from which it was acquired by John I of Saxony.

The painting was acquired by Hugo Salm in 1924 and from at least 1933 it was in South America. It then came onto the Berlin art market and was bought by a private collector. In 1960 the Lottery Society of Berlin bought it for the Nationalgalerie, which has exhibited it in the Knobelsdorff wing of Schloss Charlottenburg (1986-2001) and in the Friedrich room of the Alte Nationalgalerie (since 2001).

Catherine Clinger has argued convincingly that, rather than representing a hut, or cottage, in the snow, the represented structure is the entrance to a mine shaft.

Schloss Charlottenburg
Schloss Charlottenburg (Charlottenburg Palace) is a Baroque palace in Berlin, located in Charlottenburg, a district of the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf borough, and is among the largest palaces in the world.

The palace was built at the end of the 17th century and was greatly expanded during the 18th century, primarily for Frederick the Great. It includes much lavish internal decoration in Baroque and Rococo styles. A large formal garden surrounded by woodland was added behind the palace, including a belvedere, a mausoleum, a theatre and a pavilion. During the Second World War, the palace was badly damaged but has since been reconstructed. The palace with its gardens is a major tourist attraction.
Jeanette Brakewell
Jeanette Brakewell (born 4 February 1974) has been riding since the age of four and is a professional eventing rider.

She was a member of both the British silver medal team at the Athens Olympics of 2004, and the silver medal team in the same event at the Summer Olympics in Sydney 2000 riding her top horse, Over to You.

With Over to You, Brakewell was for several years a regular member of the British three-day eventing team.  Arguably her best achievement to date was in winning the individual silver medal on this horse at the 2002 FEI World Equestrian Games in Jerez, Spain, 2002 and a team bronze medal at the same event.  With this horse she was a team gold medallist on four occasions at the European Eventing Championships (1999, 2001, 2003, 2005).

Equestrian events at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Equestrian events at the 2004 Summer Olympics featured three equestrian disciplines: dressage, eventing and jumping. All three disciplines are further divided into individual and team contests for a total of six events.

The Markopoulo Olympic Equestrian Centre, on the outskirts of Markopoulo in the Attica region of Greece, hosted the dressage and jumping events while the eventing took place in the nearby Eventing Park.
German submarine U-884
German submarine U-884 was a Type IXD/42 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. Her construction was ordered on 2 April 1942 and her keel was laid down on 29 August 1943 by DeSchiMAG AG Weser of Bremen.

She was launched on 17 May 1944, but was never commissioned, and was badly damaged on 30 March 1945 by United States bombs.

Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau
Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau Aktiengesellschaft (abbreviated Deschimag) was a cooperation of eight German shipyards in the period 1926 to 1945. The leading company was the shipyard AG Weser in Bremen.
KMMG
KMMG (96.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a regional Mexican format. Licensed to Benton City, Washington, United States, the station serves the Tri-Cities area. The station is currently owned by Amador and Rosalie Bustos, through licensee Bustos Media Holdings, LLC.

Benton City, Washington
Benton City is a city in Benton County, Washington, United States. It is also included in the Tri-Cities metropolitan area, which consists of both Benton and Franklin counties. The population was 3,479 at the 2020 census. The city shares a school district with the adjacent unincorporated community of Kiona.
Stackelberg family
The Stackelberg family (Russian: Штакельберг, romanized: Stakelberg; Latvian: Štakelbergi), also spelled Stakelberg, is an old and influential Baltic German noble family, represented at the Swedish, Russian and Finnish houses of nobility.

Baltic German nobility
The Baltic German nobility was a privileged social class in the territories of modern-day Estonia and Latvia. It existed continuously from the Northern Crusades and the medieval foundation of Terra Mariana.

Most of the nobility consisted of Baltic Germans, but with the changing political landscape over the centuries, Polish, Swedish, Russian, Danish, and even Scottish families also became part of the nobility, just as Baltic German families re-settled in locations such as the Swedish and Russian Empires. The nobility of Lithuania is for historical, social and ethnic reasons separated from the German-dominated nobility of Estonia and Latvia.