hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Talking animal
A talking animal or speaking animal is any non-human animal that can produce sounds or gestures resembling those of a human language. Several species or groups of animals have developed forms of communication which superficially resemble verbal language, however, these usually are not considered a language because they lack one or more of the defining characteristics, e.g. grammar, syntax, recursion, and displacement. Researchers have been successful in teaching some animals to make gestures similar to sign language, although whether this should be considered a language has been disputed.

Displacement (linguistics)
In linguistics, displacement is the capability of language to communicate about things that are not immediately present (spatially or temporally); i.e., things that are either not here or are not here now.

In 1960, Charles F. Hockett proposed displacement as one of 13 design features of language that distinguish human language from animal communication systems (ACSs):

Man is apparently almost unique in being able to talk about things that are remote in space or time (or both) from where the talking goes on. This feature—"displacement"—seems to be definitely lacking in the vocal signaling of man's closest relatives, though it does occur in bee-dancing.
Kurchenko, Astrakhan Oblast
Kurchenko (Russian: Курченко, Tatar: Qartuzan) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kurchensky Selsoviet, Narimanovsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 423 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Narimanovsky District
Narimanovsky District (Russian: Нарима́новский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eleven in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 6,100 square kilometers (2,400 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Narimanov. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,457, with the population of Narimanov accounting for 25.3% of that number.
The Roald Dahl Treasury
The Roald Dahl Treasury is an anthology of works of the children's author Roald Dahl. It was first published in the United Kingdom in 1997 by Jonathan Cape.

Included amongst excerpts from all of Dahl's children's books and some previously unpublished material, are unexpurgated colour reprints of The Enormous Crocodile, The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me, Esio Trot and The Minpins.

The book includes a large volume of illustrations by Quentin Blake, with some specially commissioned for the project and some appearing for the first time in colour. A selection of guest illustrators including Raymond Briggs and Ralph Steadman add visual variety to the extracts. The book also includes an excerpt from an interview given by Dahl and many letters exchanged between Dahl and family members, including Ophelia Dahl.

Ralph Steadman
Ralph Idris Steadman (born 15 May 1936) is a Welsh illustrator and collaborator with the American writer Hunter S. Thompson. Steadman draws satirical political cartoons, social caricatures, and picture books.
Norm Verry
David Norman Verry (September 18, 1922 – October 12, 1961) was an American professional football player and coach. He played college football at the University of California (USC), earning third-team All-America and first-team All-Pacific Coast honors in 1942 as Tackle. Verry played professionally with Chicago Rockets of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) from 1946 to 1947. He served as the head football coach at El Camino College in Alondra Park, California from 1952 to 1960, compiling a record of 54–27–2.

Verry coached the line at his alma mater, USC, in 1947 and 1948. In 1949, he assisted Marty Arnaga in coaching the football team at Inglewood High School in Inglewood, California. He joined the staff at El Camino as line coach in 1950 and succeeded Ambrose Schindler as head football coach two years later.

Verry died on October 12, 1961, at St. Vincent's Hospital in Los Angeles, after suffering a brain hemorrhage three weeks prior.

St. Vincent Medical Center (Los Angeles)
St. Vincent Medical Center (SVMC) is a hospital in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. Started by the Daughters of Charity in 1856, the hospital closed on January 24, 2020, due to the bankruptcy of Verity Health System.

The hospital reopened on April 13, 2020, as the Los Angeles Surge Hospital through a partnership with Los Angeles County, Kaiser Permanente and Dignity Health. The State of California is temporarily leasing the hospital as a treatment center for COVID-19.
Ka with hook
Ka with hook (Ӄ ӄ; italics: Ӄ ӄ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is formed from the Cyrillic letter Ka (К к) by the addition of a hook.

Ka with hook is widely used in the alphabets of Siberia and the Russian Far East: Chukchi, Koryak, Alyutor, Itelmen, Yupik, Aleut, Nivkh, Ket, Tofalar and Selkup, where it represents the voiceless uvular plosive /q/. It has been sometimes used in the Khanty language as a substitute for Cyrillic letter Ka with descender, Қ қ, which also stands for /q/.

It was also used to represent /kʰ/, the aspirated voiceless velar plosive, in the Translation Committee's Abkhaz alphabet, which was published around the turn of the 20th century, and to represent /kʼ/, the velar ejective stop, in two old Ossetian alphabets, Anders Johan Sjögren's 1844 alphabet and the Teachers' Congress's 1917 alphabet.

Central Siberian Yupik language
Central Siberian Yupik (also known as Akuzipik, Yupigestun, and St. Lawrence Island Yupik, is an endangered Yupik language spoken by the Indigenous Siberian Yupik people along the coast of Chukotka in the Russian Far East and in the villages of Savoonga and Gambell on St. Lawrence Island. The language is part of the Eskimo–Aleut language family.

In the United States, the Alaska Native Language Center identified about 400–750 Yupigestun speakers, considering "dormant speakers" who understand but cannot converse. In Russia in 2021, 172 people indicated that they speak the language, while only 92 of them use it in everyday life. Thus, the total number of speakers is no more than 550–900 people.
1949 Iranian Senate election
The first elections for the Senate of Iran were held in two-round system with the primary stage beginning in late August 1949 [Šahrīvar 1328 SH]. The elections aroused little enthusiasm in the country; voting was restricted to the literate citizens. In Tehran, only 15,280 votes were cast.

Shahrivar
Shahrivar (Persian: شهریور, Persian pronunciation: [ʃæhɾiːˈvæɾ]) is the sixth month of the Solar Hijri calendar, the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. Shahrivar has thirty-one days. It begins in August and ends in September by the Gregorian calendar. The Afghan Persian name is Sonbola; in Pashto it is Waǵay.

Shahrivar is the third and final month of summer. It is followed by Mehr.

The name of the month comes from the Zoroastrian deity Kshatra Vairya.
Nicolás Martínez (footballer, born 1989)
Alejandro Nicolás Martínez Ramos (born 15 February 1989) is a Paraguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Sportivo Trinidense in the Paraguayan División Intermedia. In 2008, he was considered one of the best young talents in Paraguayan football due to his excellent ball control, pace and technique.

APF División Intermedia
The División Intermedia (English: Intermediate Division), also known as the Segunda División (English: Second Division), is the second highest  professional football league in Paraguay. It is organized by the Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol.
Agriodontosaurus
Agriodontosaurus (meaning "fierce-toothed lizard") is an extinct genus of early rhynchocephalian reptiles known from the Middle Triassic (Anisian age) Helsby Sandstone Formation of England. The genus contains a single species, Agriodontosaurus helsbypetrae, known from a partial skull and skeleton. It is the oldest known definitive rhynchocephalian and currently the oldest known member of Lepidosauria, the broader group including the modern tuatara (the only living rhynchocephalian) and snakes and lizards (Squamata).

Anisian
In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from 246.7 million years ago until 241.464 million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age (part of the Lower Triassic Epoch) and precedes the Ladinian Age.
Trust the Saint
Trust the Saint is a collection of short stories by Leslie Charteris that originally appeared in The Saint Mystery Magazine and was first published in October 1962 by The Crime Club in the United States and by Hodder and Stoughton in the United Kingdom. This was the 35th book to feature the adventures of Simon Templar, alias "The Saint", and was published around the time the character began to receive wide recognition through the TV series The Saint starring Roger Moore as Templar.

Leslie Charteris
Leslie Charteris (/ˈtʃɑːrtərɪs/; born Leslie Charles Bowyer-Yin; 12 May 1907 – 15 April 1993), was a British-Chinese author of adventure fiction, as well as a screenwriter. He was best known for his many books chronicling the adventures of his hero Simon Templar, alias "The Saint".
Azanites
Azanites (Ancient Greek: Ἀζανίτης) was a physician of ancient Greece whose medical formulae appear to have enjoyed some celebrity, as they are quoted and praised by Galen, Oribasius, Aëtius of Amida, Paulus Aegineta, Heras of Cappadocia and others.

He is credited with creating medical preparations to deal with ulcers, wounds, and other diseases. As Galen is the earliest writer by whom he is mentioned, he must have lived some time in or before the second century CE. Some scholars put him around the 1st century BCE.

Oribasius
Oribasius or Oreibasius (Greek: Ὀρειβάσιος or Ὀριβάσιος; c. 320 – 403) was a Greek medical writer and the personal physician of the Roman emperor Julian.  He studied at Alexandria under physician Zeno of Cyprus before joining Julian's retinue.  He was involved in Julian's coronation in 361, and remained with the emperor until Julian's death in 363.  In the wake of this event, Oribasius was banished to foreign courts for a time, but was later recalled by the emperor Valens.
Huntingtower (film)
Huntingtower is a 1928 British silent adventure film, made at Cricklewood Studios. It was directed by George Pearson and starred Harry Lauder, Vera Voronina and Patrick Aherne. It was based on the 1922 novel Huntingtower by John Buchan. The film was fairly successful on its release.

Cricklewood Studios
Cricklewood Studios, also known as the Stoll Film Studios, were British film studios located in Cricklewood, London which operated from 1920 to 1938. Run by Sir Oswald Stoll as the principal base for his newly formed Stoll Pictures, which also operated Surbiton Studios, the studio was the largest in the British Isles at that time. It was later used for the production of "quota quickies" (to meet the requirements of the Cinematograph Films Act 1927). In 1938, the studios were sold off for non-film use.
2018 Lale Cup – Doubles
Veronika Kudermetova and İpek Soylu were the defending champions, but Kudermetova chose to compete at the 2018 Ladies Open Lugano instead. Soylu chose to partner Anastasiya Komardina, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Akgul Amanmuradova and Tereza Smitková.

Ayla Aksu and Harriet Dart won the title, defeating Olga Doroshina and Anastasia Potapova in the final, 6–4, 7–6(7–3).

2018 Ladies Open Lugano
The 2018 Ladies Open Lugano (also known as the 2018 Samsung Open presented by Cornèr for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on clay courts at TC Lido Lugano. It was the second edition of the tournament (the first to take place in Lugano) and part of the International category of the 2018 WTA Tour. It took place between 9 April through 15 April 2018.
2020 Capital Football season
The 2020 Capital Football season is the 67th season in Capital Football. All NPL and grassroots competitions were suspended due to the impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. The season resumed on 18 July.

Capital Football
Capital Football is the trading name for the ACT Football Federation Incorporated, the state governing body for soccer in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), but also has affiliated clubs based in surrounding areas of New South Wales. It is affiliated with Football Australia, the national governing body.
Marion Crane
Marion Crane (originally known as Mary Crane, also by the alias Marie Samuels) is a fictional character of Robert Bloch's 1959 thriller novel Psycho and portrayed by Janet Leigh in Alfred Hitchcock's 1960 film adaptation. She was later played by Anne Heche in the 1998 remake and Rihanna in the television series Bates Motel (2017).

Marion was conceived by Bloch as a false protagonist, and is the sister of Psycho's true protagonist Lila Crane. Leigh's portrayal of the character is the best known, establishing the actress as one of the first scream queens and the character as culturally significant; Leigh also won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Academy Award. Heche's portrayal was ambivalently received by critics.

Scream queen
A scream queen (a wordplay on screen queen) is an actress who is prominent and influential in horror films, either through a notable appearance or recurring roles. The title is a buzzword used by critics and has gained positive and negative responses. Scream King is the male version of the title. Notable scream queen examples include Fay Wray, Jamie Lee Curtis, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Sigourney Weaver, Neve Campbell, Mia Goth, Melissa Barrera, Shawnee Smith, Bipasha Basu, Angela Bassett and Linnea Quigley.
Channel 55
Channel 55 refers to several television stations.

In System M and System N countries, channel 55 is allocated to UHF frequencies covering 717.25-721.75 MHz. In the United States and Canada, the bandwidth used by channel 55 has been reallocated for wireless communication use, with its use for television broadcasting being phased out. This frequency was formerly in use by MediaFLO, a US system developed by Qualcomm to send video and media to mobile devices, which was discontinued in February 2011, with the bandwidth sold by Qualcomm where possible to AT&T Mobility for wireless communications.

Qualcomm
Qualcomm Incorporated (/ˈkwɒlkɒm/) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Diego, California, and incorporated in Delaware. It creates semiconductors, software and services related to wireless technology. It owns patents critical to the 5G, 4G, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and WCDMA mobile communications standards.

Qualcomm was established in 1985 by Irwin Jacobs and six others. Its early research into code-division multiple access (CDMA) wireless cell phone technology was funded by selling a two-way mobile digital satellite communications system known as Omnitracs. After a heated debate in the wireless industry, CDMA was adopted as a 2G standard in North America, with Qualcomm's patents incorporated. Afterwards, there was a series of legal disputes about pricing for licensing patents required by the standard.

Over the years, Qualcomm has expanded into selling semiconductor products in a predominantly fabless manufacturing model.
Christmas Bird Count
The Christmas Bird Count (CBC) is a census of birds in the Western Hemisphere, performed annually in the early Northern-hemisphere winter by volunteer birdwatchers and administered by the National Audubon Society. The purpose is to provide population data for use in science, especially conservation biology, though many people participate for recreation. The CBC is the longest-running citizen science survey in the world.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.
1st Fighter Brigade
The 1st Fighter Brigade (1st BDE, Chinese: 第1航空旅; pinyin: Dì 1 hángkōng lǚ), sometimes called 1st Air Brigade, previously 1st Fighter Division, is a fighter aircraft unit of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) based at Xianyang in Shaanxi province. Part of the Northern Theater Command Air Force, the brigade was originally established as the first division level formation of the PLAAF, established 19 June 1950. In the Korean War the unit shot down 92 airplanes. It was the first in PLAAF history to fight in air combat, provide close air support, perform night bombing operations and more. It is also the only air brigade of the People's Liberation Army Air Force to participate in five Chinese national day parades (1st, 10th, 35th, 50th and 60th national day parades). The unit's MUCD is 93056.

Night bomber
A night bomber is a bomber aircraft intended specifically for carrying out bombing missions at night. The term is now mostly of historical significance. Night bombing began in World War I and was widespread during World War II. A number of modern aircraft types are designed primarily for nighttime bombing, but air forces no longer refer to them as night bombers. More common terms today include interdictor and strike fighter, and such aircraft tend to have all-weather, day-or-night capabilities.
John Romano (physician)
John Romano (November 20, 1908 - June 19, 1994) was an American physician, psychiatrist, and educator whose major interest was in medical education and the important relationship between psychiatry and medicine. He founded the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Rochester and served as chairman from 1946 to 1971. He published over 200 scientific papers and served on several editorial boards including the Journal of Psychiatric Research.

Strong Memorial Hospital
Strong Memorial Hospital (SMH) is an 886-bed medical facility, part of the University of Rochester Medical Center complex, in Rochester, New York, United States. Opened in 1926, it is a major provider of both in-patient and out-patient medical services. Attached to Strong is the 190-bed Golisano Children's Hospital, which serves infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21.

SMH is owned and operated by the University of Rochester and serves as its primary teaching hospital. It offers programs toward medical, dental, or graduate degrees through the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry. The hospital anchors the University's health care delivery network in the Rochester area and serves as a primary community hospital and a regional trauma center for the Rochester area.
Henry Gervais
Henry Gervais (19 March 1712 – 6 March 1790)  was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the 18th century.

He was born in Lismore and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Prebendary of Tullaghorton in Lismore Cathedral from 1754 until his death; Treasurer of Cashel Cathedral from 1768 to 1772; and Archdeacon of Cashel from 1772 until his death.

St Moluag's Cathedral, Lismore
St Moluag's Cathedral is a church located on the Scottish island of Lismore just off the coast of Oban. Despite its name it is no longer a cathedral as it is a church of the Church of Scotland. The present-day parish church of 1749 stands on the site of the choir of the abandoned 13th-century cathedral, incorporating much of its material, but wrapped in 18th-century design.
Teeuwen
Teeuwen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈteːu.ə(n)]) is a Dutch patronymic surname. Teeuw, Teeuwes, Tewis, Theeuwis etc. are archaic short forms of the given name Matthew/Mattheus. The surname has many variant forms, including Tewes and Theeuwes. People with the surname include:

David Teeuwen (1970–2015), American editor and journalist

Hans Teeuwen (born 1967), Dutch comedian, musician, actor and filmmaker

Ingrid Teeuwen (born 1981), Dutch weightlifter

Margje Teeuwen (born 1974), Dutch field hockey midfielder

Mark Teeuwen (born 1966), Dutch academic and Japanologist

Variant forms

Andries Teeuw (1921–2012), Dutch critic of Indonesian literature

Anouk Teeuwe (born 1975), Dutch singer-songwriter and record producer known as Anouk

Arjen Teeuwissen (born 1971), Dutch equestrian

Len Teeuws (1927–2006), American football player

Fred Teeven ((born 1958), Dutch VVD politician

Len Teeuws
Leonard Teeuws (April 19, 1927 – July 14, 2006) was an American professional football offensive tackle/defensive tackle in the National Football League. He played two seasons for the Los Angeles Rams (1952–1953) and four seasons for the Chicago Cardinals (1954–1957). Teeuws attended Tulane University.
Kuźnica Błońska
Kuźnica Błońska (Polish pronunciation: [kuʑˈɲit͡sa ˈbwɔj̃ska]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klonowa, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Klonowa, 29 km (18 mi) south-west of Sieradz, and 82 km (51 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz
Sieradz [ˈɕɛrat͡s] ⓘ (Latin: Siradia) is a city on the Warta river in central Poland with 40,891 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of the Sieradz County, situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Sieradz is a capital of the historical Sieradz Land.

Sieradz is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It was an important city of medieval Poland, thrice being a location for the election of the Polish monarchs. Polish Kings chaired six assemblies from here. Historically, it was the capital of the Duchy of Sieradz (1263-1339), Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793), and Sieradz Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is located on the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok.
David Haas
David Robert Haas (born 1957 in Bridgeport, Michigan) is an American author and composer of contemporary Catholic liturgical music. In 2020, dozens of women accused him of sexual misconduct spanning several decades, and he issued a public apology for harmful behavior. As a consequence leaders in diverse Church traditions have requested local communities to remove hymns composed by Haas from use. His hymns have been removed from subscription services and from recent editions of major hymnal collections.

Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross
The Crosiers, formally known as the Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross (Latin: Canonici Regulares Ordinis Sanctae Crucis), abbreviated OSC, is a Catholic religious order of canons regular of Pontifical Right for men. It is one of the Church's oldest religious orders, and membership consists of priests and brothers who live together according to the Rule of St. Augustine.