hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Marshe
Richard Marshe  was a 17th-century English priest.

Marshe was born at Finchampstead and educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1609. he became vicar of Birstall in 1614. He was a chaplain to Charles the First, a JP and a prebendary of Southwell Minster. He was Archdeacon of York from 1641; and dean of York from 1643, although he was not actually installed until after The Restoration. He was also vicar of Halifax.

Marshe died on 13 October 1663.

Halifax, West Yorkshire
Halifax is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England. It is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines. In the 15th century, the town became an economic hub of the old West Riding of Yorkshire, primarily in woollen manufacture with the large Piece Hall square later built for trading wool in the town centre. The town was a thriving mill town during the Industrial Revolution with the Dean Clough Mill buildings a surviving landmark. In the 2021 census, the town was recorded as having a population of 88,134. It is also the administrative centre of the Calderdale Metropolitan Borough.
146th Airlift Wing
The 146th Airlift Wing is a unit of the California Air National Guard, stationed at Channel Islands Air National Guard Station, Oxnard, California.  If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command.

Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command (TAC) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. It was a Major Command of the United States Air Force, established on 21 March 1946 and headquartered at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. It was inactivated on 1 June 1992 and its personnel and equipment absorbed by Air Combat Command (ACC).

Tactical Air Command was established to provide a balance between strategic, air defense, and tactical forces of the post–World War II U.S. Army Air Forces followed by, in 1947, the U.S. Air Force. In 1948, the Continental Air Command assumed control over air defense, tactical air, and air reserve forces. After two years in a subordinate role, Tactical Air Command (TAC) was established as a major command.

In 1992, after assessing the mission of TAC and to accommodate a decision made regarding Strategic Air Command (SAC), Headquarters United States Air Force deactivated TAC and incorporated its resources into the newly created ACC.
Camborne, Ontario
Camborne is an unincorporated place and dispersed rural community in Hamilton Township, Northumberland County in Central Ontario, Canada. It is located on County Road 18 about 6.5 km (4 mi) north of Ontario Highway 401 exit 472 and 10 km (6 mi) north of Cobourg. The village has a population of approximately 350.

Camborne was settled by United Empire Loyalists and immigrants, primarily from the United Kingdom, in the early- and mid-19th century. It was established as a rural, agricultural community.

The municipal office for the Township of Hamilton is located in Camborne. Camborne Public School, a junior elementary school that is part of the Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board, is also located in the village, and the original one-room school is maintained as an active community centre and historic site.

Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board
Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board (known as English-language Public District School Board No. 14 prior to 1999) is a Canadian public, secular, English-language school board headquartered in Peterborough, Ontario. It extends from the Kawarthas south to Lake Ontario and from the City of Kawartha Lakes and the edge of the City of Oshawa east to Hastings County. In the 2024–2025 school year, it has more than 35,000 students in 89 schools. Jaine Klassen Jeninga is board chair.
Los Pedroches
Los Pedroches is a natural region and comarca in Córdoba Province, Andalusia, southern Spain. It is located in the Sierra Morena area at the northern end of the province. The main town is Pozoblanco.

The climate of the comarca is continental. It is the northernmost Andalusian territory. The name of the present-day official comarca is Los Pedroches.

The kūra of Fahs al‐Ballūt quite coincided with Los Pedroches.

Natural region
A natural region (landscape unit) is a basic geographic unit. Usually, it is a region which is distinguished by its common natural features of geography, geology, and climate.

From the ecological point of view, the naturally occurring flora and fauna of the region are likely to be influenced by its geographical and geological factors, such as soil and water availability, in a significant manner. Thus most natural regions are homogeneous ecosystems. Human impact can be an important factor in the shaping and destiny of a particular natural region.
1994 Croke Cup
The 1994 Croke Cup was the 43rd staging of the Croke Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1944. The competition ran from 17 April to 24 April 1994.

St Kieran's College were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by St Mary's College in the All-Ireland semi-final.

The final was played on 24 April 1994 at MacDonagh Park in Nenagh, between the North Monastery and St Mary's College, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. The North Monastery won the match by 1–10 to 1–06 to claim their fifth Croke Cup title overall and a first title in nine years. It remains their last Croke Cup title.

Kevin Egan and Dara Burke were the top scorers with 1-07 each.

North Monastery
The North Monastery (Irish: An Mhainistir Thuaidh), commonly known as The Mon, is a co-educational education campus comprising Scoil Mhuire Fatima Primary School, North Monastery Co-educational Secondary and Gaelcholáiste Mhuire AG, located at Our Lady's Mount, Cork, Ireland.
Standard-Examiner
The Standard-Examiner is a daily morning newspaper published in Ogden, Utah. As of 2017, it is the third largest daily newspaper in terms of circulation in Utah, after The Salt Lake Tribune and the Deseret News. The paper has served Weber, Davis, Box Elder and Morgan Counties for over a century.

Weber County, Utah
Weber County (/ˈwiːbər/ WEE-bər) is a county in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 262,223, making it Utah's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat and largest city is Ogden, the home of Weber State University. The county was named after a fur trapper John Weber.

Weber County is part of the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area as well as the Salt Lake City metropolitan area.
Konrad Sundlo
Konrad Sundlo (born in 1881 in Kristiansand, Norway, died 25 May 1965 on Nesøya, Asker, Norway) was a Norwegian officer and politician in Nasjonal Samling before and during Second World War.

He was sentenced to life imprisonment during the post-war legal purge in Norway.

Nesøya, Akershus
Nesøya is a small island in the municipality of Asker, Norway. It is linked to the mainland via a bridge.

The island is known for having a number of celebrities and members of the Norwegian financial elite among its residents. It also one of the wealthiest areas in the entire country, with some properties having been sold for close to and even over $10,000,000. The mean net worth per resident was $575,816 in 2016, and the mean income was $103,601.

Much of the eastern part of the island is a nature reserve.

The island most likely got its name from the farm Nes on the mainland. This farm is assumed to have been one of the oldest ones in the district.
Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors with Applications to Transistor Electronics
Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors with Applications to Transistor Electronics  is a book by Nobel Prize winner William Shockley, first published in 1950.  It was a primary source, and was used as the first textbook, for scientists and engineers learning the new field of semiconductors as applied to the development of the transistor. This was the invention that led to electronic computers, ubiquitous communication devices, compact electronics controllers, and a host of other important inventions of the last half of the twentieth century.

The book was printed by D. Van Nostrand in New York, and went through many later printings.

An earlier version containing some of the material appeared in the Bell Labs Technical Journal in 1949.

Bell Labs Technical Journal
The Bell Labs Technical Journal was the in-house scientific journal for scientists of Bell Labs, published yearly by the IEEE society.

The journal was originally established as The Bell System Technical Journal (BSTJ) in New York by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1922.  It was published under this name until 1983, when the breakup of the Bell System placed various parts of the companies in the system into independent corporate entities. The journal was devoted to the scientific fields and engineering disciplines practiced in the Bell System for improvements in the wide field of electrical communication. After the restructuring of Bell Labs in 1984, the journal was renamed to AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal. In 1985, it was published as the AT&T Technical Journal until 1996, when it was renamed to Bell Labs Technical Journal. The journal was discontinued in 2020. The last managing editor was Charles Bahr.
The Starling Girl (soundtrack)
Music from the Starling Girl is the film score soundtrack to the 2023 film The Starling Girl written and directed by Laurel Parmet in her feature directorial debut, stars Eliza Scanlen, Lewis Pullman, Jimmi Simpson, Wrenn Schmidt, and Austin Abrams. The score is written, composed and produced by Ben Schneider of the indie folk band Lord Huron while the band was credited for the soundtrack. The album was preceded by the first single "Ace Up My Sleeve" which released on May 19, 2023, and the 14-track album was released on June 21, 2023, under the Republic Records label.

Eliza Scanlen
Eliza Jane Scanlen (born 6 January 1999) is an Australian actress. She rose to prominence portraying Tabitha Ford in the Australian soap opera Home and Away (2016), before receiving critical acclaim for playing a troubled teenager in the HBO miniseries Sharp Objects (2018) and the BBC series Dope Girls (2025).

Scanlen expanded to films in 2019 with her roles in the drama Babyteeth and Greta Gerwig's period drama Little Women. She has since portrayed a young Eleanor Roosevelt in the Showtime series The First Lady (2022) and starred in the mystery film Caddo Lake (2024).
Third government of Isabel Díaz Ayuso
The third government of Isabel Díaz Ayuso was formed on 22 June 2023, following the latter's reelection as President of the Community of Madrid by the Assembly of Madrid on 22 June and her swearing-in on the following day, as a result of the People's Party (PP) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 2023 Madrilenian regional election. It succeeded the second Ayuso government and has been the incumbent Government of the Community of Madrid since 22 June 2023, a total of 639 days, or 1 year, 9 months and 4 days.

The cabinet comprises members of the PP and a number of independents.

People's Party of the Community of Madrid
The People's Party of the Community of Madrid (Spanish: Partido Popular de la Comunidad de Madrid, PP) is the regional branch of the People's Party in the Community of Madrid, as well as one of the historically most powerful organizations within the PP.
The Discovery of America
The Discovery of America is a trilogy written by the German author and educator Joachim Heinrich Campe (1746–1818). It was originally published in 1781/82 as Die Entdekkung von Amerika – ein angenehmes und nützliches Lesebuch für Kinder und junge Leute and deals with the discovery, early exploration and conquest of America by focusing on one explorer in each volume: Christopher Columbus is treated first, followed by Hernán Cortés and finally Francisco Pizarro. The work is counted among the first books of specific children's literature, directly targeting children and adolescents as its main audience, and Campe is said to have "set the standard for German children's literature." The trilogy is defined by its author's involvement in the German educational movement of philanthropinism and has been a great success, also being translated into several languages.

Philanthropinism
Philanthropinism (also philanthropism) is an educational reform movement that was established in the second half of the eighteenth century, rooted in the principles of philanthropy. The name, similar to its rooted origin, is derived from the Greek words for friend and human (φίλος and άνθρωπος respectively). The movement was initiated during the Age of Enlightenment, and accordingly centers around similar social ideas – namely rationalism and empiricism. The movement was, contemporaneously, endorsed by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. The complementary institute – named Philanthropinum and established by the founder of the movement – has been quoted by Kant as following "the perfect plan of education".

The philanthropinists’ ideas of teaching children to become philanthropic, natural and rational beings are partly derived from the theories of childhood and education proposed by John Locke (1632–1704) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), among others.
Primitive node
The primitive node (or primitive knot) is the organizer for gastrulation in most amniote embryos. In birds, it is known as Hensen's node, and in amphibians, it is known as the Spemann-Mangold organizer. It is induced by the Nieuwkoop center in amphibians, or by the posterior marginal zone in amniotes including birds.

Noggin (protein)
Noggin, also known as NOG, is a protein that is involved in the development of many body tissues, including nerve tissue, muscles, and bones. In humans, noggin is encoded by the NOG gene. The amino acid sequence of human noggin is highly homologous to that of rat, mouse, and Xenopus (an aquatic frog genus).

Noggin is an inhibitor of several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs): it inhibits at least BMP2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, and 14.

The protein's name, which is a slang English-language word for "head", was coined in reference to its ability to produce embryos with large heads when exposed at high concentrations.
Tahvanainen
Tahvanainen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Keijo Tahvanainen, Finnish weightlifter

Veijo Tahvanainen (born 1938), Finnish orienteering competitor

Timo Tahvanainen (born 1986), Finnish footballer

Veijo Tahvanainen
Veijo Tahvanainen (born 27 September 1938 in Ilomantsi) is a Finnish orienteering competitor. He received a silver medal in the relay event and finished 10th in the individual event at the 1968 World Orienteering Championships in Linköping. In 1970 he finished 14th in the individual event, and 4th with the Finnish relay team. At the 1972 World Orienteering Championships in Staré Splavy, he placed 9th in the individual contest, and was part of the Swiss relay team (which was disqualified). He won the Jukola relay in 1967 and 1968.
Lucknow East Assembly constituency
Lucknow East is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Eastern part of Lucknow in the Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh, India. A Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) facility with EVMs was used here in 2017 U.P. assembly polls.

Lucknow East is one of five assembly constituencies in the Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 173 amongst 403 constituencies.

Lucknow district
Lucknow district is a district located in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. The city of Lucknow is the district headquarters and the district is part of Lucknow division. It is also the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is bounded on the east by Barabanki district, on the west by Unnao and Hardoi districts, on the south by Raebareli district and in the north by Sitapur district.
Amir Hussain (cognitive scientist)
Amir Hussain  is a cognitive scientist, the director of Cognitive Big Data and Cybersecurity  (CogBID) Research Lab at Edinburgh Napier University He is a professor of computing science. He is founding Editor-in-Chief of Springer Nature's internationally leading Cognitive Computation journal and the new Big Data Analytics journal. He is founding Editor-in-Chief for two Springer Book Series: Socio-Affective Computing and Cognitive Computation Trends, and also serves on the Editorial Board of a number of other world-leading journals including, as Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Systems) and the IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Jagaddal railway station
Jagaddal railway station is the railway station on Sealdah–Ranaghat line of Kolkata Suburban Railway. It is situated at the town of Jagatdal. It serves the local areas of Jagatdal in North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, India.

North 24 Parganas district
North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and from longitude 88º20' east to 89º5' east.  Barasat is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas. North 24 Parganas is West Bengal's most populous district and also (since 2014) the most populated district in the whole of India. It is the tenth-largest district in the State by area.
Rachel Louise Snyder
Rachel Louise Snyder is an American journalist, writer, and professor. She has written about domestic violence and worked as a foreign correspondent for the public radio program Marketplace, and also contributed to All Things Considered and This American Life. She is a professor in the Department of Literature at American University.

All Things Considered
All Things Considered (ATC) is the flagship news program produced by National Public Radio (NPR). It was the first news program on NPR, premiering on May 3, 1971. It is broadcast live on NPR affiliated stations in the United States, and worldwide through several different outlets. All Things Considered and Morning Edition were the highest rated public radio programs in the United States in 2002 and 2005. The show combines news, analysis, commentary, interviews, and special features, and its segments vary in length and style. ATC airs weekdays from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time (live) or Pacific Time (recorded with some updates; in Hawaii it airs as a fully recorded program) or from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Central Time. ATC's weekend counterpart airs on Saturdays and Sundays.
Aluminium isopropoxide
Aluminium isopropoxide is the chemical compound usually described with the formula Al(O-i-Pr)3, where i-Pr is the isopropyl group (–CH(CH3)2). This colourless solid is a useful reagent in organic synthesis.

Tishchenko reaction
The Tishchenko reaction  is an organic chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of an aldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide. The reaction is named after Russian organic chemist Vyacheslav Tishchenko, who discovered that aluminium alkoxides are effective catalysts for the reaction.

In the related Cannizzaro reaction, the base is sodium hydroxide and then the oxidation product is a carboxylic acid and the reduction product is an alcohol.
The IQ Controversy, the Media and Public Policy
The IQ Controversy, the Media and Public Policy is a book published by Smith College professor emeritus Stanley Rothman and Harvard researcher Mark Snyderman in 1988. Claiming to document liberal bias in media coverage of scientific findings regarding intelligence quotient (IQ), the book builds on a survey of the opinions of hundreds of North American psychologists, sociologists and educationalists conducted by the authors in 1984. The book also includes an analysis of the reporting on intelligence testing by the  press and television in the US for the period 1969–1983, as well as an opinion poll of 207 journalists and 86 science editors about IQ testing.

William H. Tucker (psychologist)
William H. Tucker (1940–2022), also known as Bill Tucker, was an American psychologist. He was an Emeritus Professor of Psychology at Rutgers University and the author of several books critical of race science. He retired from Rutgers in 2009. Tucker died in 2022.
USS Iris (1885)
USS Iris was a ship of the United States Navy which served in the Pacific in a variety of roles from 1899 until 1916. Originally fitted out as a distilling ship, she served as a general utility ship, then as a collier, before being refitted as a torpedo boat tender.

Distilling ship
A distilling ship is a class of military ships, generally converted tankers, with the capability to convert salt water into fresh water. They were typically stationed at forward bases during conflict where they supported on-the-ground troops and front line naval units.
Patrick Hasburgh
Patrick Hasburgh is an American television producer and writer.

He is best known for his work on the television series Hardcastle and McCormick and 21 Jump Street, two series he co-created with Stephen J. Cannell. His other television credits include The Greatest American Hero, The A-Team, SeaQuest 2032 and L.A. Firefighters.

Between the late 1980s and the early 1990s, he had his own film and television production company, Patrick Hasburgh Productions, who developed pilots for Fox Broadcasting Company, the American Broadcasting Company, and Walt Disney Television.

In 1993, he wrote and directed the feature film Aspen Extreme.

In 2004, Thomas Dunne Books  published his first novel (mystery), Aspen Pulp.

In 2018, HarperCollins published Patrick Hasburgh's second novel, PIRATA (ISBN 978-0062742773).

The A-Team
The A‑Team is an American action‑adventure television series that aired on NBC from January 23, 1983, to March 8, 1987. Created by Stephen J. Cannell and Frank Lupo, it follows a fictional squad of former U.S. Army Special Forces commandos who, after being falsely accused of a crime, escape military prison and become soldiers of fortune. Led by the cunning Colonel John "Hannibal" Smith and joined by Lieutenant Templeton "Faceman" Peck, Sergeant B. A. Baracus, and Captain H. M. Murdock, the team dedicates itself to helping those in need.

The series was created by Stephen J. Cannell and Frank Lupo and was a joint production of Universal Television and Stephen J. Cannell Productions for NBC. A feature film based on the series was released by 20th Century Fox in 2010.
Pazaryeri
Pazaryeri, (formerly Ermenı Derbent; lit. 'Armenian Mountain Pass', also Ermenı Pazarcık; lit. 'Armenian Bazaar' and simply as Pazarcık) is a town in Bilecik Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Pazaryeri District. Its population is 6,243 (2021). The district has several small lakes, as well as a number of buildings in traditional Ottoman style. The mayor is Zekiye Tekin. Pazaryeri is one of the most important hop producers in Turkey. The town has famous local dishes like helva and boza.

Halva
Halva (also halvah, halwa, halua; Persian: حلوا) is a type of confectionery that is spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa, East Africa, Eastern Europe, and the Balkans, Central Asia, and South Asia. The name refers to a broad variety of recipes, generally a thick paste made from flour, butter, oil, saffron, rosewater, milk, turmeric powder, and sugar.