hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Principia philosophiae cartesianae
Principia philosophiae cartesianae (PPC; "The Principles of Cartesian Philosophy") or Renati Descartes principia philosophiae, more geometrico demonstrata ("The Principles of René Descartes' Philosophy, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order") is a philosophical work of Baruch Spinoza published in Amsterdam in 1663. In the preface to this work, Ludovic Meyer explains that it is a reconstruction of René Descartes' Principles of Philosophy in the Euclidean or "geometric" fashion. In the appendix, a series of non-geometric prose passages entitled Metaphysical Thoughts [Cogitata Metaphisica], Spinoza explicates Descartes' views on traditional metaphysical topics (including essence, existence, idea, potential, necessity, contingency, duration, and time) while furtively interpolating some of his own.

Idea
In philosophy and in common usage, an idea (from the Greek word: ἰδέα (idea), meaning 'a form, or a pattern') is the result of thought. Also in philosophy, ideas can also be mental representational images of some object. Many philosophers have considered ideas to be a fundamental ontological category of being. The capacity to create  and understand the meaning of ideas is considered to be an essential and defining feature of human beings.

An idea arises in a reflexive, spontaneous manner, even without thinking or serious reflection, for example, when we talk about the idea of a person or a place. A new or an original idea can often lead to innovation. Our actions are based upon beliefs, beliefs are patterns or organized sets of ideas.
Do What You Feel
"Do What You Feel" is a song by American recording artist Deniece Williams released as a single in 1983 by Columbia Records. From her 1983 album I'm So Proud, "Do What You Feel" was produced by George Duke and composed by both Duke and Deniece Williams. The single reached number nine on the US Billboard Hot Black Singles chart.

George Duke
George Martin Duke (January 12, 1946 – August 5, 2013) was an American keyboardist, composer, singer-songwriter and record producer. He worked with numerous artists as arranger, music director, writer and co-writer, record producer and as a professor of music. He first made a name for himself with the album The Jean-Luc Ponty Experience with the George Duke Trio. He is known for his 32 solo albums, as well as for his collaborations with other musicians like Stanley Clarke and (his cousin) Dianne Reeves, but particularly with composer, guitarist and bandleader Frank Zappa.
Harry Bedford (music hall)
Harry Bedford (1873 – 17 October 1939) was a British music hall comedian and singer.

Born in Pimlico, London, he made his first onstage appearance at the age of seven.  He was an apprentice in a boat-building business before becoming a professional entertainer in 1888, making his first appearances in pantomimes and minstrel shows.  By 1895 he had become a leading music hall entertainer, appearing at the Middlesex Music Hall in London and developing an act that was considered somewhat risqué for the time.  Described as a "low comedian", his popular songs (written by others) included "A Little Bit Off the Top", "The Cock of the North", and "When I Get Some Money".

Part of his act can be seen in the 1934 Will Hay film Those Were the Days.

He died in London in 1939.

Those Were the Days (1934 film)
Those Were the Days is a 1934 British comedy film directed by Thomas Bentley and starring Will Hay, Iris Hoey, and John Mills. It was based on Arthur Wing Pinero's 1885 farce The Magistrate and was the first of two Hay movies based on Pinero's plays, the other being Dandy Dick. The film also features music hall acts of the time – acts of a type rarely committed to film. It is primarily remembered as Will Hay's first major screen role.

The film was produced and released by British International Pictures and was shot at the company's Elstree Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Duncan Sutherland.
The Comedy Awards
The Comedy Awards was an annual award ceremony run by the American television network Comedy Central, honoring the best of comedy. It was held twice, in 2011 and 2012. The 2011 ceremony took place on March 26 and aired on April 10 on CMT, Comedy Central, Logo TV, Nick at Nite, Spike, TV Land and VH1. It debuted on The Comedy Channel in Australia on May 22, 2011.

The Comedy Awards represented Comedy Central's second attempt at creating an annual awards show. Comedy Central’s first attempt, the Commie Awards, ran once in 2003. Comedy Central also hosted the American Comedy Awards in 2001, which was those awards' last successive year after having been founded in 1987.

TV Land
TV Land is an American pay television channel owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation through its networks division's MTV Entertainment Group. It was originally launched as Nick at Nite's TV Land as a spin-off of the Nick at Nite programing block consisting exclusively of classic television shows. The channel now airs a combination of recent and classic television series (ranging from the 1960s to the 2020s), as well as  limited theatrically released movies. In the 2010s, the network aired original scripted series. The network is headquartered at One Astor Plaza in New York City. As of November 2023, TV Land is available to approximately 67,000,000 pay television households in the United States; this is down from its 2011 peak of 98,000,000 households.
Domulla Hasan Madrasah
Domulla Hasan madrasah (Domullo Hasan madrasah, Bozori alaf madrasah) is a two-storey madrasah building located in the historical center of the city of Bukhara, Bukhara Region, Republic of Uzbekistan. It is included in the national list of real estate objects of material and cultural heritage of Uzbekistan. Now it is put into modern use as a tourist service facility.

Bukhara
Bukhara (/bʊˈxɑːrə/ buu-KHAR-ə) is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents as of 1 January 2020. It is the capital of Bukhara Region.

The Bukhara region has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. Bukhara served as the capital of the Uzbek states such as the Khanate of Bukhara, the Emirate of Bukhara and later the Bukhara People’s Soviet Republic. It was the birthplace of the scholar Imam Bukhari. The city has been known as "Noble Bukhara" (Bukhārā-ye sharīf). Bukhara has about 140 architectural monuments. UNESCO has listed the historic center of Bukhara (which contains numerous mosques and madrasas) as a World Heritage Site.
Nosferatu: Plague of Terror
Nosferatu: Plague of Terror, later published under the title Nosferatu: Sovereign of Terror, is a four-part comic series released by American publisher Millennium Publications from 1991 to 1992. Conceived as both a prequel and sequel to F.W. Murnau's silent film Nosferatu, it was written by Mark Ellis, designed by Melissa Martin, with art provided by Rik Levins, Richard Pace, and Frank Turner.

Rik Levins
Richard "Rik" Levins (October 10, 1950 - June 12, 2010) was an American comic book artist and penciller, best known for his work on Marvel Comics' Captain America, where he worked with writer Mark Gruenwald for over three years (1991-1994). During the years he worked with Gruenwald, they co-created characters such as Superia.

Other titles he contributed to include Marvels' Avengers, AC Comics' Americomics and Femforce, and his own creator-owned series, Dragonfly.

After working in the comic book industry, he moved to the computer game industry. He worked at the game company N-Space, where he contributed art to game such as Danger Girl, Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas, and Duke Nukem: Land of the Babes.

After leaving N-Space, Rik began working at Full Sail University.

Levins died on June 12, 2010.
Herman Nohl
Herman Nohl (October 7, 1879, in Berlin – September 27, 1960, in Göttingen) was a German philosopher and pedagogue.

World War I was a major turning point in Herman Nohl's life. The consequences of the war and his involvement with the youth movement and the folk high school prompted him to devote himself to pedagogy. He subsequently became one of the best-known representatives of reform pedagogy and humanities pedagogy. Nohl worked on establishing pedagogy as an independent science and the foundation of social pedagogy. He was dismissed from his post in 1937, but resumed his work in 1945. Nohl was Professor of Education at the University of Göttingen, co-editor of the journal Die Erziehung and founder and editor of the journal Die Sammlung. He wrote several works on aesthetics, educational anthropology and pedagogy, with Die Pädagogische Bewegung in Deutschland und ihre Theorie being considered his main pedagogical work.

Die Sammlung
Die Sammlung (German for "The Collection") was a monthly literary magazine, first published in September 1933 in Amsterdam, and primarily affiliated with a number of influential German writers who fled from the Hitler regime during the first years of the establishment and consolidation of Nazi rule.

The magazine was primarily organized by writer Klaus Mann and Dutch publisher Querido Verlag's Emanuel Querido and Fritz Landshoff. Mann served as editor from 1933 to 1935; Die Sammlung's activity ceased with his departure in August 1935, and Mann left Europe for the United States.

Although published in German language, Die Sammlung was intended to be an international literary magazine. Besides featuring notable writers from the international community of German exiles worldwide, it included the work of non-German writers, such as the English novelist Aldous Huxley and French writer Jean Cocteau.
Underland (book)
Underland: A Deep Time Journey is a book by Robert Macfarlane and the sequel to The Old Ways: A Journey on Foot. Initially published in English on 2 May 2019 by Hamish Hamilton in the UK and on 4 June 2019 by W. W. Norton & Company in the US, the book has been translated into over a dozen languages. An audiobook, read by Matthew Waterson, was also released in June 2019 by HighBridge Audio.

The book is a descriptive journey by the author of different subterranean landscapes that he explores, including caving in the Mendip Hills, the Catacombs of Paris, the Karst Plateau, an underground laboratory for detecting evidence of dark matter, and descending into a glacier's moulin among other explorations. These underground spaces represent "burial and unburial and deep time." Through these underground journeys the book sheds light on the impacts and consequences of human actions within the Anthropocene geological epoch.

Hamish Hamilton
Hamish Hamilton Limited is a publishing imprint and originally a British publishing house, founded in 1931 eponymously by the half-Scot half-American Jamie Hamilton (Hamish is the vocative form of the Gaelic Seumas [meaning James], James the English form – which was also his given name, and Jamie the diminutive form). Jamie Hamilton was often referred to as Hamish Hamilton.

The Hamish Hamilton imprint is now part of the Penguin Random House group.
Rüdiger Sterzenbach
Rüdiger Sterzenbach (born 7 December 1946) is a German economist and transportation scientist, sports official, CDU politician and a representative of a family of entrepreneurs. He was professor for economics and passenger transport management at Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences, former president of the regional sports federation of Rhineland-Palatinate "Landessportbund Rheinland-Pfalz", chairman of the regional sports foundation of Rhineland-Palatinate "Sporthilfe Rheinland-Pfalz/Saarland" and economic policy spokesman for the CDU Rhineland-Palatinate. His father was a factory worker, his mother was a housewife. He is married and has two grown sons.

Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences
Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences, (German: Hochschule Heilbronn), is a German University of Applied Sciences with campuses in Heilbronn-Sontheim, in the centre of Heilbronn (Bildungscampus), in Künzelsau and Schwäbisch Hall. Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences ranks amongst the major institutions of Higher Education in the state of Baden-Württemberg where it caters for over 8,000 degree-seeking students on three campuses, namely Heilbronn, Künzelsau and Schwäbisch Hall.

The university's second campus is located in Künzelsau, the economic centre of the Hohenlohe district, its third in Schwäbisch Hall.
Karatau mine
The Karatau mine is a large in-situ leaching mine located in the southern part of Kazakhstan in South Kazakhstan Province. Karatau represents one of the largest uranium reserves in Kazakhstan having estimated reserves of 70.4 million tonnes of ore grading 0.05% uranium.

Turkistan Region
Turkistan Region, formerly known as South Kazakhstan Region from 1992 to 2018 and Chimkent Region from 1963 to 1991, is the southernmost region of Kazakhstan, bordering Uzbekistan. It had a population of 2,088,510 as of the 2022 Kazakhstan census.

The region's capital is Turkistan, formerly Shymkent until 2018. Other cities in the region include Sayram, Kentau, Arys, Shardara, Zhetisai, Saryagash, and Lenger.
Tandi Dorji
Tandi Dorji (Dzongkha: རྟ་མགྲིན་རྡོ་རྗེ་, Wylie: rta mgrin rdo rje; born 2 September 1968) is a Bhutanese politician who served as Foreign Minister for Bhutan from November 2018 to 2024. He was a member of the National Assembly of Bhutan from October 2018 to November 2023.

Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa
Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་མཉམ་རུབ་ཚོགས་པ།; Wylie: ’brug nyam-rub tshogs-pa; lit. 'Bhutan United Party'), formerly the Social Democratic Party, is one of the five registered political parties in Bhutan. It was registered on 20 January 2013. The DNT was Bhutan's governing party from 2018 to 2023.
Highland High School (Craigmont, Idaho)
Highland School is a public school in Craigmont, Idaho, the only school in the Highland Joint School District #305. Located on the Camas Prairie in rural Lewis County in the north central part of the state, it is often referred to as "Highland-Craigmont" to distinguish it from the larger and later established Highland High School in Pocatello.  The school colors are black and gold, and the mascot is Harold the husky.

In addition to Craigmont, the school district draws from Reubens, Winchester, and Melrose.

School colors
School colors, also known as university colors or college colors, are the colors chosen by a school, academy, college, university or institute as part of its brand identity, used on building signage, web pages, branded apparel, and the uniforms of sports teams. They can promote connection to the school, known as "school spirit", and help differentiate it from other institutions.
Lutz Kayser
Lutz Tilo Ferdinand Kayser ((1939-03-31)March 31, 1939 in Stuttgart, Germany, † November 19, 2017(2017-11-19) (aged 78)  was a German aerospace engineer, who founded the world's first commercial space launch company, OTRAG.

Lutz Kayser is the uncle of German serial entrepreneur Lin Kayser, who sits on the advisory board of the Munich space launcher company Isar Aerospace, and who also works on liquid rocket engines with his company LEAP 71.  His father, the chemist Ludwig Kayser, was the director of the German sugar-producing corporation Suedzucker AG. His brother Manfred Kayser was managing director of the Dornier aircraft factory in Lindau, Germany.
He died in November 2017, in the Marshall Islands.

Dornier Flugzeugwerke
Dornier Flugzeugwerke was a German aircraft manufacturer founded in Friedrichshafen in 1914 by Claude Dornier. Over the course of its long lifespan, the company produced many designs for both the civil and military markets.
Håll om mig
Håll om mig (lit. 'Hold Me'), written by Ingela Forsman and Nanne Grönvall, is a song performed by Nanne Grönvall at Melodifestivalen 2005. The song won a late 2004 contest, as very few songs with female songwriters had been selected for Melodifestivalen. The song was performed for first time in the 4th Melodifestivalen semifinal, inside Växjö tipshall in Växjö on 5 March 2005. From the semifinal, the song went all the way to the final inside the Stockholm Globe Arena one week later. The song became popular among the audience, and was expected to win the final. After the votings, the song received most votes from the TV viewers, but the jury groups appointed the Martin Stenmarck song Las Vegas as winner. Håll om mig ended up second, three points after the winning song.

Avicii Arena
Avicii Arena, originally known as the Stockholm Globe Arena and previously as the Ericsson Globe, but commonly referred to in Swedish simply as Globen (Swedish: [ˈɡlǔːbɛn] ⓘ; lit. 'the Globe'), is an indoor arena located in Stockholm Globe City, Johanneshov district of Stockholm, Sweden. Despite the name changes, the local metro station is still named Globen metro station.

The arena represents the Sun in the Sweden Solar System, the world's largest scale model of the Solar System.
1931 Annandale state by-election
The 1931 Annandale state by-election was held on 18 April 1931 for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Annandale because the seat of Robert Stuart-Robertson (Labor) was declared vacant on 9 April 1931 as he had been declared bankrupt.

Stuart-Robertson re-contested and was returned with a reduced majority. There was some controversy over using Anzac Day for the by-election. He defeated the Independent candidate Harry Meatheringham who had contested four previous elections in the seats of Auburn, North Shore and North Sydney, as well as Communist William Morrison and another Independent Martha Simpson, two first time candidates who never stood again.

Electoral district of North Sydney
North Sydney was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. Created in 1927, it replaced part of the multi-member electorate of North Shore, and was named after and included the Sydney suburb of North Sydney.  It was abolished in 1962 and partly replaced by Kirribilli.
Erqi Road station
Erqi Road (Chinese: 二七路; pinyin: Èrqī Lù) is a station on Line 1 of Wuhan Metro, opened upon the completion of Line 1 (Phase 2) on July 29, 2010. It is an elevated station situated at the intersection of Jiefang Avenue and Erqi Road. The station has one island platform and two siding tracks to the north of the station, connected by a pair of crossover tracks, accommodating trains entering and exiting services during peak hours.

Erqi Road Station is accessible from the site of Jinghan Workers Union Headquarters, Hankou East Shopping Park, and Jiang'an District Railroad Cultural Palace.

Siding (rail)
In rail terminology, a siding is a low-speed track section distinct from a running line or through route such as a main line, branch line, or spur. It may connect to through track or to other sidings at either end. Sidings often have lighter rails, meant for lower speed or less heavy traffic, and few, if any, signals. Sidings connected at both ends to a running line are commonly known as loops; those not so connected may be referred to as single-ended or dead-end sidings, or (if short) stubs.
Andy Daniel
Andy Daniel is a Saint Lucian politician, who was Speaker of the House of Assembly from March 2018 to July 2021. He is a member of the United Workers Party. He is an attorney and former magistrate.

Daniel was born on 8 October 1971. He studied law in Holborn College in London. He returned to Saint Lucia in 1999 where he practiced law. Daniel served as the leader of the opposition in the Senate of Saint Lucia, and was appointed as the President of the Senate from July 2016 to March 2018.

Senate of Saint Lucia
The Senate of Saint Lucia is the upper house of the Parliament of Saint Lucia. It has 11 appointed members. All members are appointed by the Governor-General, of which 6 are appointed on the Prime Minister's advice, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 2 independent members which the Governor-General appoints using their own judgment.
Cittanova
Cittanova is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria.

Located on the slopes of Aspromonte and facing the Gioia Tauro plain, it is characterized by the presence of numerous churches and a public park which extends for 2.65 hectares (6.55 ac).

Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria
Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria (Italian: città metropolitana di Reggio Calabria) is an area of local government at the level of metropolitan city in the Calabria region of Italy. It comprises the territory of the city of Reggio Calabria and 97 other comuni (sg.: comune) in the hinterland of the city. It has 511,935 inhabitants as of 2025. It replaced the province of Reggio Calabria in 2017.

Comprising the "toe" of the boot-shaped Italian Peninsula, the Aspromonte massif dominates the western part of the metropolitan city's territory: with its long coastline, it is a popular tourist destination during the summer.
Panhellenic Art Exhibition
The Panhellenic Art Exhibition was a periodic art exhibit in the 20th century Greece that passed through four ditinct phases:

at the beginning of the century, under the name Panhellenic Exhibition of the Association of Greek Artists (1910–1916),

from 1938 to 1940, the first annual Panhellenic Exhibition organized by the Ministry of Education, but due to World War II, the exhibition resumed post-war,

from 1948 to 1975, as the "quintessential post-war art event".

In 1987, during the tenure of Melina Mercouri as minister of culture.

The exhibition took place at the Zappeion Hall in Athens and was organized by the Greek state (the Ministry of Education, Religious Affairs and Sports until 1971 and the Ministry of Culture in 1973 and 1975), while the 1987 exhibition was held at the Piraeus Port Authority Exhibition Center.

Pandelis Prevelakis
Pandelis Prevelakis (Greek: Παντελής Πρεβελάκης, sometimes transliterated Panteles Prevelakes; 18 February 1909 – 15 March 1986) was a Greek novelist, poet, dramatist and essayist—one of the leading Greek prose writers of the "Generation of the '30s". Most of his works are set in Crete.
Gautier Pirotte
Gautier Pirotte (born March 29, 1973, in Rocourt) is a Belgian sociologist, PhD holder, and professor of socio-anthropology at the University of Liège. His research focuses on development cooperation, international solidarity, and theories and organizations of civil society.

Social anthropology
Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures. It is the dominant constituent of anthropology throughout the United Kingdom and much of Europe, where it is distinguished from cultural anthropology. In the United States, social anthropology is commonly subsumed within cultural anthropology or sociocultural anthropology.
1977 World Championship for Makes
The 1977 World Championship for Makes season featured the sixth FIA World Championship for Makes. This was a motor racing series for Group 5 Special Production Cars, Group 3 & 4 Grand Touring Cars and Group 1 & 2 Touring Cars which ran from 5 February to 23 October 1977 and comprised nine races.

Group 5 (motorsport)
Group 5 was an FIA motor racing classification which was applied to four distinct categories during the years 1966 to 1982. Initially Group 5 regulations defined a Special Touring Car category and from 1970 to 1971 the classification was applied to limited production Sports Cars restricted to 5 litre engine capacity. The Group 5 Sports Car category was redefined in 1972 to exclude the minimum production requirement and limit engine capacity to 3 litres. From 1976 to 1982 Group 5 was for Special Production Cars, a liberal silhouette formula based on homologated production vehicles.