hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ivanovo State University
Ivanovo State University (Russian: Ива́новский госуда́рственный университе́т) or IvSU (Russian: ИвГУ) is in Ivanovo, about 300 km east of Moscow, Russia. The university was founded in 1918; before 1974, it was called Ivanovo State Pedagogical Institute.

IvSU has accreditation and a license from the Russian Ministry of Education. IvSU has different types of programs from a traditional five-year specialist degree to a four-year bachelor's degree and a two-year master's degree following the modernization of the Russian education system and the Bologna Process.

Ministry of Education and Science (Russia)
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Russian: Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации or Minobrnauki of Russia) existed from March 2004 till May 2018. It oversaw scientific institutions, education and school accreditation in the Russian Federation. The agency had its headquarters in Tverskoy District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow.

The ministry managed Institutes of Higher Education of Russia, the State educational establishment ("training center of training leaders"), Center of the testing, National Information Center on Academic Recognition and Mobility.

The last Minister was Olga Vasilyeva.

In May 2018 it was decided to split this Ministry into the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
Twin circles
In geometry, the twin circles are two special circles associated with an arbelos.
An arbelos is determined by three collinear points A, B, and C, and is the curvilinear triangular region between the three semicircles that have AB, BC, and AC as their diameters. If the arbelos is partitioned into two smaller regions by a line segment through the middle point of A, B, and C, perpendicular to line ABC, then each of the two twin circles lies within one of these two regions, tangent to its two semicircular sides and to the splitting segment.

These circles first appeared in the Book of Lemmas, which showed (Proposition V) that the two circles are congruent.
Thābit ibn Qurra, who translated this book into Arabic,  attributed it to Greek mathematician Archimedes. Based on this claim the twin circles, and several other circles in the Arbelos congruent to them, have also been called Archimedes's circles. However, this attribution has been questioned by later scholarship.

Thābit ibn Qurra
Thābit ibn Qurra (full name: Abū al-Ḥasan Ṯābit ibn Qurra ibn Zahrūn al-Ḥarrānī al-Ṣābiʾ, Arabic: أبو الحسن ثابت بن قرة بن زهرون الحراني الصابئ, Latin: Thebit/Thebith/Tebit; 826 or 836 – February 19, 901), was a scholar known for his work in mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and translation. He lived in Baghdad in the second half of the ninth century during the time of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Thābit ibn Qurra made important discoveries in algebra, geometry, and astronomy. In astronomy, Thābit is considered one of the first reformers of the Ptolemaic system, and in mechanics he was a founder of statics. Thābit also wrote extensively on medicine and produced philosophical treatises.
Karp Zolotaryov
Karp Ivanovich Zolotaryov (Russian: Карп Иванович Золотарёв, fl. last quarter of the 17th century) was a Muscovite painter, interior designer  and wood carver, employed by Posolsky prikaz and the Kremlin Armoury. Zolotaryov was the author of iconostasis of the Transfiguration church in Novodevichy Convent and the Church of the Intercession at Fili and the icons of Donskoy Monastery. Surviving paintings by Zolotaryov, created in the period directly preceding the reforms of Peter I, form a bridge between traditional Orthodox icon painting and the modern realistic painting introduced in Russia in the 18th century.

Government reform of Peter the Great
The government reforms of Peter I aimed to modernize the Tsardom of Russia (later the Russian Empire) based on Western European models.

Peter ascended to the throne at the age of 10 in 1682; he ruled jointly with his half-brother Ivan V. After Ivan's death in 1696, Peter started his series of sweeping reforms. At first he intended these reforms to support the Great Northern War of 1700-1721; later, more systematic reforms significantly changed the internal structure and administration of the state.
Matilda Lotz
Matilda Lotz (1858–1923) was an American painter. She was one of California's premiere female artists, as well as a prominent animal portraitist. Lotz was born and raised in the Lotz House, which became the site of an American Civil War Battle, and is now on the National Register of Historic Places.

Lotz House
The Lotz House (Lotz rhymes with “boats") is a Greek Revival white frame two-story home built in 1858 in the middle Tennessee town of Franklin. The house is significant for being located at the epicenter of the Battle of Franklin in the American Civil War in 1864. The house's occupants, the family of German immigrant Albert Lotz, could see from their front yard a wave thousands of uniformed Confederate soldiers advancing toward them to engage Union soldiers who were in defensive positions in a line adjoining the Lotz' property. During the intense five-hour battle, which resulted in about 10,000 casualties, the Lotz family took shelter in a neighbor's basement.
2005–06 Czech Cup
The 2005–06 Czech Cup was the 13th edition of the annual football knockout tournament organized by the Czech Football Association of the Czech Republic. It began on 24 July 2005 with the preliminary round and ended with the final on 19 May 2006.

AC Sparta Prague prevailed in Stadion u Nisy, Liberec at the 19 May 2006 Cup defeating FC Baník Ostrava, under a penalty score of 4–2.4,464 in attendance. AC Sparta Prague qualified for the 2006–07 UEFA Cup.

Stadion u Nisy
Stadion u Nisy is an all-seater football stadium in Liberec. The stadium is home to Czech football club Slovan Liberec and occasionally hosts matches of the Czech Republic national team. The stadium is named after the river Nisa, flowing directly behind the North Stand. Another interesting fact about the stadium, the oldest Grandstand is embedded to a rock. The capacity is 9,900 seats.
Agrostis castellana
Agrostis castellana, the highland bent, dryland bent or dryland browntop, is a species of cool-season grass in the family Poaceae. It is native to Macaronesia and the Mediterranean, has been widely introduced elsewhere, and is considered an invasive species in some locales. It is a hyperaccumulator of zinc and lead.

Macaronesian Biogeographic Region
The Macaronesian Biogeographic Region is a biogeographic region, as defined by the European Environment Agency, that covers the Azores, the Canary Islands, and Madeira.
The name comes from the group of four archipelagos collectively known as Macaronesia that also include Cape Verde, which is not included in the European region.
Perkasie station
Perkasie is a defunct train station formerly operated by SEPTA Regional Rail in Perkasie, Pennsylvania, USA. It closed on July 29, 1981, after SEPTA cancelled its diesel train routes.

The station was formerly operated by the Reading Company and later by Conrail and SEPTA. East Penn Railroad operates freight trains on the line between Lansdale, and beyond. However, active track ends just north of Quakertown.

The Perkasie Tunnel is located near the station.

The station was formerly equipped with a water tower, of which not a trace remains.

Lehigh Valley Transit interurbans used a separate station at Walnut and Penn, several blocks to the south and east.

Perkasie, Pennsylvania
Perkasie is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. Perkasie is 21.5 miles (34.6 km) southeast of Allentown and 39.2 miles (63.1 km) north of Philadelphia.

Establishments in the borough early in the 20th century included silk mills, brickyards, lumber mills, tile works, a stone crusher, and manufacturers of cigars, tags and labels, and wire novelties. The population in 1900 was 1,803; in 1910, 2,779 people lived in Perkasie. The population was 9,120 at the 2020 census, up from 8,511 at the 2010 census.
Elijah Pudlat Pootoogook
Elijah Pudlat Pootoogook (Inuktitut: ᐃᓓᔭ ᐳᓪᓚ), also known as Elijah Pootoogook, is an Inuk artist born on July 7, 1943, in Kinngait, Nunavut Emerging in the 1960s as a member of the West Baffin Eskimo Cooperative, his work was regularly featured in the annual catalog. Additionally, he contributed to the creation of a mural for Expo '67 in Montreal and demonstrated the creation of traditional Inuit sculptures at Expo '70 in Osaka, Japan. His works can be found in several museum collections.

Expo '70
The Japan World Exposition, Osaka, 1970 (日本万国博覧会, Nihon Bankoku Hakuran-kai) or Expo '70 was a world's fair held in Suita, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, between 15 March and 13 September 1970. Its theme was "Progress and Harmony for Mankind." In Japanese, Expo '70 is often referred to as Ōsaka Banpaku (大阪万博). It was the first world's fair held in Japan as well as in Asia.

The Expo was designed by Japanese architect Kenzō Tange, assisted by 12 other Japanese architects. Bridging the site along a north–south axis was the Symbol Zone. Planned on three levels, it was primarily a social space with a unifying space frame roof.

The Expo attracted international attention for the extent to which unusual artworks and designs by Japanese avant-garde artists were incorporated into the overall plan and individual national and corporate pavilions. The most famous of these artworks is artist Tarō Okamoto's iconic Tower of the Sun, which remains on the site.
Mark Kinsey Stephenson
Mark Kinsey Stephenson is an American-born actor known for his portrayal of Randolph Carter in the H.P. Lovecraft film adaptation named The Unnamable and its sequel The Unnamable II: The Statement of Randolph Carter; the latter covered the whole of Lovecraft's story, The Statement of Randolph Carter, in about ten minutes.

Aside from film, Stephenson is also a stage actor and director. In 2008 he performed as Richard Henry Lee in 1776 and in 1996, directed Where Afghans Walk With a Elegance. Other stage performances include The Murphy Stories and Jack and I.

Richard Henry Lee
Richard Henry Lee (January 20, 1732 – June 19, 1794) was an American statesman and Founding Father from Virginia, best known for the June 1776 Lee Resolution, the motion in the Second Continental Congress calling for the colonies' independence from Great Britain leading to the United States Declaration of Independence, which he signed. Lee also served a one-year term as the president of the Continental Congress, proposed and was a signatory to the Continental Association, signed the Articles of Confederation, and was a United States senator from Virginia from 1789 to 1792, serving part of that time as the second president pro tempore of the upper house. He was a member of the Lee family, a historically influential family in Virginia politics.
Mother Joan of the Angels
Mother Joan of the Angels (Polish: Matka Joanna od Aniołów, also known as The Devil and the Nun) is a 1961 Polish religious horror art film on demonic possession, directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz, based on a novella of the same title by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, loosely based on the 17th century Loudun possessions. The film won the Special Jury Prize at the 1961 Cannes Film Festival.

Religious horror
Religious horror  is a subgenre of horror cinema that incorporates religious themes, symbols, and narratives to evoke fear and suspense. Works in this genre typically focus on supernatural beings, such as demons or spirits, that pose a threat to characters, and often depict a struggle between good and evil framed through religious belief or ritual.  Religious elements commonly used in these films include crucifixes, holy water, scripture, prayer, and other iconography tied to organized faiths, particularly within Christian contexts. The genre frequently portrays protagonists turning to faith or religious practices to confront or defeat the malevolent forces they encounter.
Thanh Hóa station
Thanh Hóa station is one of the main railway stations on the North–South railway (Reunification Express) in Vietnam. It serves the city of Thanh Hóa. It is one of the largest train stations in Vietnam, offering relatively modern facilities compared to other stations in the North. The main storey of the station includes a comfortable waiting room with a capacity of 100 seats, convenient ticket booths, and a shop selling a variety of drinks and snacks.

For travelers heading to Sam Son Beach, the station provides a direct bus service with over 70 trips per day, priced at VND 5,000 (approximately USD 0.25). From Thanh Hóa Station, passengers can travel to major destinations across Vietnam, including Hanoi, Ninh Binh, Hue, Da Nang, Nha Trang, and Ho Chi Minh City.

Sầm Sơn Beach
Sam Son beach (Vietnamese: Bãi biển Sầm Sơn) is a resort beach in Vietnam. It’s located in Sầm Sơn city, Thanh Hóa Province, Bac Trung Bo region, Vietnam, 16 km east of Thanh Hoa City.
The Sầm Sơn beach became a resort beach in 1906 when French colonists began to build facilities here. The beach is 6 km long, extending from estuary of Lạch Hới to the foot of Trường Lệ mount.
Belarus in the Russian Empire
The Belarusian history within the Russian Empire is associated with the history of Belarus from the Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to the October Revolution when the present-day Belarus' lands were made part of the Russian Empire.

Litvin
Litvin is a Slavic word for Lithuanians as well as all residents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 13th–18th centuries in general, which began to be used no later than the 16th century mostly by the East Slavs. Currently, Litvin or its cognates are still used in some European languages for Lithuanians.
Jack London's Tales of the Klondike
Jack London's Tales of the Klondike is a Canadian produced
television drama miniseries which was produced by William Macadam's Norfolk Communications and aired on CBC Television in 1981 and in the UK, Germany, France and other countries around the world as a Norfolk production produced by William I. Macadam

Linda Sorenson
Linda Sorenson (born January 19, 1940) is a retired Canadian film, television and voice actress, best known for playing Mrs. Stegman in Class of 1984, Warden Howe in Murphy Brown, Virginia Reeves in Material World and Isabelle Carrington in Road to Avonlea. Sorenson, who hails from Vancouver, appeared in a number of film and television roles.

She voiced Love-a-Lot Bear in the Care Bears TV series, Blanche the Persian Cat in Webkinz and the old woman in Barbie and the Diamond Castle.

Sorenson has won two Genie Awards for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in Joshua Then and Now and Draw!.
Dried fruit
Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed prior to cooking or being eaten on its own. Drying may occur either naturally, by sun, through the use of industrial dehydrators, or by freeze drying. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is valued for its sweet taste, nutritional content, and long shelf life.

In the 21st century, dried fruit consumption is widespread worldwide. Nearly half of dried fruits sold are raisins, followed by dates, prunes, figs, apricots, peaches, apples, and pears. These are referred to as "conventional" or "traditional" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in commercial dryers. Many fruits, such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g., sucrose syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit.

Shelf life
Shelf life is the length of time that a commodity may be stored without becoming unfit for use, consumption, or sale. In other words, it might refer to whether a commodity should no longer be on a pantry shelf (unfit for use), or no longer on a supermarket shelf (unfit for sale, but not yet unfit for use). It applies to cosmetics, foods and beverages, medical devices, medicines, explosives, pharmaceutical drugs, chemicals, tyres, batteries, and many other perishable items. In some regions, an advisory best before, mandatory use by or freshness date is required on packaged perishable foods. The concept of expiration date is related but legally distinct in some jurisdictions.
Château de Malesherbes
Château de Malesherbesis is a French château located in Malesherbes, in the commune of Malesherbois and the department of Loiret in the Centre-Val de Loire region.

A first castle on the site is attested, the castle of Bois-Malesherbes, acquired in 1398 by Jean de Montagu, superintendent of finances to Charles VI.

Jean de Montagu
Jean de Montagu or Jean de Montaigu (c.1363, Paris – Paris, 17 October 1409), was a royal secretary to Charles V, and subsequently an administrator and advisor to Charles VI of France, who became a leading figure in France during the early 15th Century.
Seth M. Gates House
Seth M. Gates House is a historic home located at Warsaw in Wyoming County, New York. It is a two-story, wood-frame dwelling built in 1824 and expanded in about 1843.  It started as a two-story, five-bay dwelling and the expansion added two bays on the north end.  It features a Federal style cornice.  Its owner from about 1843 until his death was Seth M. Gates (ca. 1800-ca. 1877), who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1838 to 1842. From the time of his purchase, for the next 15 years the house was a station on the Underground Railroad, Gates concealing the fugitives in the cellar and attic. From 1893 to 1924, it was home to the Society of Village Works, a local charitable organization.  In 1924, it was sold to the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, who owned it until turning it over to the Warsaw Historical Society in 1977 for $1.00.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Wyoming County, New York
Wyoming County is a county in the U.S. state of New York in the state's western area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,531. The county seat is Warsaw. The name is modified from a Lenape (Delaware) Native American word meaning "broad bottom lands". Wyoming County was formed from Genesee County in 1841. Wyoming County is one of New York's mostly agricultural counties. With an estimated 47,500 dairy cows in the county, there are more cattle in Wyoming County than people. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.
Tarba
Tarba (абх. Аҭар, Аҭарба; множ. Ҭараа) is an abkhazian clan, one of the largest in the Republic of Abkhazia. It is widespread throughout Abkhazia and among the abkhaz diaspora in Turkey.

The Tarba clan spread due to a series of conflicts between the Abkhaz and Megrelian principalities in the 16th and 17th centuries. Some members of the clan moved from the north-west of Abkhazia (Sadzen and Akhchipsou) to the war against the Megrelian principality. After the war, they settled in the eastern regions of Abkhazia (Abzhui and Samurzakan), forming new branches of the clan.

During the period of muhajirism, some representatives of the clan moved to Turkey. They settled in the area between the cities of Duzce and Sakarya

Abkhazians
The Abkhaz people, sometimes referred to as the Abkhazians, are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group native to Abkhazia—a disputed region on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea. A large Abkhaz diaspora population resides in Turkey, the origins of which lie in the Caucasian War in the late 19th century. Many Abkhaz also live in other parts of the former Soviet Union, particularly in Russia and Ukraine.
Theo Eble
Theo Eble or Théo Eblé  (1 June 1899 –2 May 1974) was a Swiss painter, graphic designer and drafter.

Elbe was educated at the Gewerbeschule Basel , a Kunstgewerbeschule in Basel, from 1915 –1920  From 1922 –1925 Elbe studied at the Academy of Arts in Berlin, where he was a student of Karl Hofer. According to the Jean Tinguely, Eble also studied at Bauhaus.

In 1925 Eble married the Swiss painter Julia Ris,a fellow classmate at the Academy of Fine Arts, and moved with Ris to Basel. From 1931– 1967 Basel taught drawing and graphic design at Gewerbeschule Basel. Eble's students included Samuel Buri, Jean Tinguely, Beatrice Afflerbach and the graphic designer Rudi Meyer (1943-).

Eble was one of the founding members of Gruppe 33, an anti-fascist artist association in Basel.

Academy of Arts, Berlin
The Academy of Arts (German: Akademie der Künste) is a state arts institution in Berlin, Germany. The task of the Academy is to promote art, as well as to advise and support the states of Germany.

The academy's predecessor organization was founded in 1696 by Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg as the Brandenburg Academy of Arts, an academic institution in which members could meet and discuss and share ideas. The current Academy was founded on 1 October 1993 as the re-unification of formerly separate East and West Berlin academies.
Otto von Porat
Otto Wessel von Porat (29 November 1903 – 14 October 1982) was a Swedish-born Norwegian heavyweight boxer. He won a gold medal in Boxing at the 1924 Summer Olympics, defeating Danish boxer Søren Petersen in the final.

The Ring (magazine)
The Ring (often called The Ring magazine or Ring magazine) is a boxing magazine, that was first published in 1922 as a boxing and wrestling magazine. As the sporting legitimacy of professional wrestling came more into question, The Ring shifted to becoming exclusively a boxing-oriented publication.

Ring began publishing annual ratings of boxers in 1924. With its November/December 2022 issue, the magazine stopped publication of its regular monthly print issues and will remain a digital publication, offering occasional special interest print issues.
Ollo Naga
The Ollo people, also known as the Lazu Naga, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group that mostly resides in the Northeast Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh and some in the Naga Self-Administered Zone in Myanmar. They inhabit 12 villages under Lazu circle in Tirap district. However, due to lack of official recognition from Government of Arunachal Pradesh they are considered a subgroup of ethnic Nocte people.

Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Chinese members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail.

Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree.