hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Catalan forge
The Catalan forge is a set of technological processes designed to obtain iron by directly reducing the ore—without going through the intermediary of smelting as in a blast furnace—and then shingling the resulting massé. The Catalan forge employs hydraulic power to operate a hammer or trip hammer, and a ventilation system, known as the trompe, is utilized to maintain the furnace's combustion. The term refers to the technology and building where this activity occurs. Despite its name, this type of forge was used extensively from the 17th to the 19th century in mountainous regions such as the Alps, the Massif Central, and the Pyrenees, as well as by the first American settlers.

Massif Central
The Massif Central (French pronunciation: [masif sɑ̃tʁal]) is a highland region in south-central France consisting of mountains and plateaus. It covers about 15% of mainland France.

Subject to volcanism that has subsided in the last 10,000 years, these central mountains are separated from the Alps by a deep north–south cleft created by the Rhône river and known in French as the sillon rhodanien (literally "Rhône furrow"). The region was a barrier to transport within France until the opening of the A75 motorway, which not only made north–south travel easier but also opened access to the massif itself.
Wendy Blacklock
Wendy Blacklock (born 20 January 1932) is an Australian-born retired theatre actress and theatrical entrepreneur, radio and television actress, comedienne, producer, writer, singer, dancer and choreographer.

Blacklock has appeared in numerous performance roles, both in Australia and the United Kingdom alongside contemporary's such as Jill Perryman and has been referred to as "The Grand Dame of the Stage".

She remains best known to small  screen audience's for her role in Number 96 as Edith MacDonald alongside Mike Dorsey.

The performing arts company PAC Australia named an award category The Wendy Blacklock Industry Legend Award, to honour Blacklock's legacy and contribution to the Australian entertainment industry.

Helpmann Awards
The Helpmann Awards are accolades for live entertainment and performing arts in Australia, presented by industry group Live Performance Australia (LPA) since 2001.

The annual awards recognise achievements in the disciplines of musical theatre, contemporary music, comedy, opera, classical music, theatre, dance and physical theatre. Over forty awards are given to productions, festivals and concerts, and for individuals for their work in performance, direction, choreography, lighting, sound, music, costume and scenic design.

They are named in honour of ballet dancer, choreographer, director and actor Sir Robert Helpmann.

The awards are the Australian equivalent of the United States' Tony Awards for Broadway theatre and the United Kingdom's Laurence Olivier Awards for West End theatre.

The Helpmann Awards were last awarded in 2019. LPA cancelled the 2020 and 2021 awards due to the COVID-19 pandemic. No public statement has been made for subsequent years.
Powerful (Young Noble album)
Powerful is the third studio album by American rapper Young Noble. It was released on September 13, 2016, through Outlaw Recordz. It features guest appearances from Hussein Fatal, Dirty Bert of Jerzey Mob, Mass tha Villain, Aktual, Deuce Deuce of Concrete Mob, stic.man of Dead Prez, EDIDON and Munch Ali.

Stic.man
Khnum Muata Ibomu (born Clayton Gavin, March 6, 1974), better known by his stage name stic.man and more recently as stic, is an American rapper, music producer, activist and author known for his work as one half of the political hip hop duo dead prez with M-1.
Vansickle, Ontario
Vansickle is a dispersed rural community and unincorporated place in the municipality of Havelock-Belmont-Methuen, Peterborough County in Central Ontario, Canada. It lies just west of the Crowe River on the border with the township of Marmora and Lake in Hastings County.

Marmora and Lake
Marmora and Lake is a municipality along the banks of Crowe River and Beaver Creek, about midway between Toronto and Ottawa on provincial Highway 7 in Hastings County in Central Ontario, Canada. It is home to over 4,000 full time and seasonal residents, many of whom enjoy outdoor recreation and relaxation on Crowe Lake.
Mesquite Solar project
The Mesquite Solar project is a 512.5-megawatt (MWAC) photovoltaic power plant in Arlington, Maricopa County, Arizona, owned by Sempra Generation and Consolidated Edison Development Inc. The first three phases of the project were constructed using more than 2.1 million crystalline silicon solar panels made by Suntech Power. Mesquite 4 and 5 added another 112.5 MW and 70 MW of battery storage.

Arlington, Arizona
Arlington is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, located 43 miles (69 km) west of downtown Phoenix on old U.S. 80. It follows the street numbering system of Phoenix. As of the 2020 census, the population was 150, down from 194 at the 2010 census.
Scott Vlaun
Scott Vlaun is an American photographer and environmentalist and a co-founder of Moose Pond Arts + Ecology and Center for an Ecology-Based Economy in Norway, Maine, where he is was the Executive Director from 2013 through October 2025.

Norway, Maine
Norway is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. Norway was included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population was 5,077 at the 2020 census. The town contains the census-designated place of the same name. It is home to Pennesseewassee Lake, a freshwater lake and recreation area.
Tourism and Hospitality Research
Tourism and Hospitality Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of hospitality management. The editor is Marina Novelli (University of Brighton). It was established in 2004 and is published by SAGE Publications.

University of Brighton
The University of Brighton is a public university based in Brighton on the south coast of England. Its roots can be traced back to 1858 when the Brighton School of Art was opened in the Royal Pavilion. It achieved university status in 1992.

The university focuses on practical, creative, and professional education, with the majority of degrees awarded also recognised by professional organisations or leading to professional qualifications. Subjects include pharmacy, engineering, ecology, computing, art, architecture, geology, nursing, teaching, sport science, journalism, criminology and business. It has around 18,000 students and 2,400 staff. The QS World University Rankings places the university within the top 100 internationally for Art and Design.
South Ghujerab Mountains
The South Ghujerab Mountains are a subrange of the Karakoram range in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. The highest peak in the range is Karun Koh, 7,164 m (23,503 ft). This is the only 7,000 metre peak in the range (if indeed it is over 7,000 metres, which is disputed.)

On the south, the range is separated from the Hispar Muztagh by the valley of the Shimshal River. On the north, the range is delineated from the North Ghujerab Mountains by the Ghujerab River; the combined range is bounded on the north by the Khunjerab River, along which lies the Karakoram Highway leading to Khunjerab Pass. On the west, the South Ghujerab Mountains are bounded by the Hunza River and its tributary, the lower Khunjerab River.

Hispar Muztagh
Hispar Muztagh is a sub-range of the Karakoram mountain range. It is located in the Nagar District of Gilgit-Baltistan, administered by Pakistan. It lies north of Hispar Glacier, south of Shimshal Valley, and east of the Hunza Valley. It is the second highest sub-range of the Karakoram, the highest being the Baltoro Muztagh. The highest mountain in the range is Distaghil Sar (7,885m/25,869 ft).
Czechowiec
Czechowiec [t͡ʂɛˈxɔvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żytno, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Żytno, 28 km (17 mi) south-east of Radomsko, and 103 km (64 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko County
Radomsko County (Polish: powiat radomszczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radomsko, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Przedbórz, lying 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and Kamieńsk, 16 km (10 mi) north of Radomsko.

The county covers an area of 1,442.78 square kilometres (557.1 sq mi). As of 2006, it had a population of 118,856, out of which the population of Radomsko was 49,152, that of Przedbórz was 3,758, that of Kamieńsk was 2,858, and the rural population was 63,088.
Georg Altmütter
Georg Altmütter (6 October 1787, Vienna – 2 January 1858) was an Austrian technologist.

He was a student at the Universities of Vienna and Prague, afterwards serving as an assistant of physics at the Theresianum in Vienna. From 1816 until his death he was a professor of mechanical technology at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna.

Altmütter is remembered for his technical innovations and inventions, such as improvements for the fabrication of playing cards, a casting process for pinheads, production of terrestrial and celestial globes, and development of new tools, to name a few. His extensive tool collection is now housed at the Technical Museum in Vienna.

Since 1892, the Altmüttergasse in the Alsergrund district of Vienna has been named in his honor. Altmütter was a good friend of playwright Franz Grillparzer (1791–1872).

Theresianum
Theresianum (or Theresian Academy; German: Theresianische Akademie) is a private boarding and day school governed by the laws for public schools in Vienna, Austria. It was founded in 1746 by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.
The Ultimate Fighter: Undefeated
The Ultimate Fighter: Undefeated (also known as  The Ultimate Fighter 27) is an installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter. Tryouts were announced on November 16, 2017, scheduled for 26 days later. This season featured undefeated featherweights and lightweights.  The coaches for this season were announced on January 26, 2018, pitting current UFC Heavyweight Champion Stipe Miocic against current UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Daniel Cormier. The cast was officially announced on the same day.

Paradise, Nevada
Paradise is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States, adjacent to the city of Las Vegas. It was formed on December 8, 1950. Its population was 191,238 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous CDP in the United States; if it were an incorporated city, it would be the fifth-largest in Nevada. As an unincorporated town, it is governed by the Clark County Commission with input from the Paradise Town Advisory Board.

Paradise contains Harry Reid International Airport; the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV); the majority of the Las Vegas Strip; and most of the tourist attractions in the Las Vegas area (excluding downtown). However, all Paradise addresses, as well as other unincorporated areas in the Las Vegas Valley, have "Las Vegas" addresses.
Lyonya Golubkov
Lyonya Golubkov (Russian: Лёня Голубков) is a "common Russian guy" played by Vladimir Permyakov in notorious MMM commercials from 1992 to 1994. Due to a very aggressive advertising campaign by MMM owned by Sergei Mavrodi, most people know Vladimir Permyakov by this name.

In advertising, Lyonya Golubkov was an excavator operator who invested into MMM stock and became rich enough to buy himself a new apartment, house, etc. (Later for marketing reasons Lyonya marked out his initial plans as unwise and "opted" to buy an excavator).

Extensive media exposure made Vladimir Permyakov quite popular. However, after the crash of MMM, he became an outcast since people began to blame him for advertising a Ponzi scheme. For several years Permyakov only held sporadic jobs in different plays. Later he started getting minor roles in TV series, and in some of them he even played Lyonya Golubkov. He also wrote his memoir How I Became Lyonya Golubkov.

Sergei Mavrodi
Sergei Panteleevich Mavrodi (Russian: Серге́й Пантеле́евич Мавро́ди; 11 August 1955 – 26 March 2018) was a Russian financial fraudster, financial criminal and previously a deputy of the State Duma. He was the founder of the МММ, a scheme that defrauded millions of people around the globe.

In 2007, Mavrodi was convicted in a Russian court of defrauding 10,000 investors out of 110 million rubles ($4.3 million). Mavrodi claimed he was not the beneficiary of the donations and that he was not used to a flamboyant lifestyle. The charge of which he was later convicted was tax fraud though he claimed that the MMM scheme was not a business, but instead a mutual donation program against which there is no law.
There were interviews after his release where he claimed MMM Global was behind the bitcoin price rally.
Karl Theodor Menke
Karl Theodor Menke (13 September 1791 – 1861) was a German malacologist and balneologist who was a native of Bremen. He is remembered for his research on snails.

Menke studied medicine at the University of Göttingen (with Promotion in 1814), and worked as a physician at the spa in Bad Pyrmont. In 1831, he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. In 1844, he founded the journal Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie (from 1854 titled Malakozoologische Blätter). With Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer (1805—1877), he was editor of the magazine.

During his lifetime, Menke amassed a large collection of snail shells, which were purchased by dealer M. J. Landauer of Frankfurt after his death.

The sea snail species Cerithium menkei and Natica menkeana are named in honor of Menke. In 1843, Menkea a genus of flowering plants from Australia, belonging to the family Brassicaceae was published and named in his honour.

Balneotherapy
Balneotherapy (Latin: balneum "bath") is a pseudoscientific method of treating diseases by bathing, a traditional medicine technique usually practiced at spas. Since ancient times, humans have used hot springs, public baths and thermal medicine for therapeutic effects. While it is considered distinct from hydrotherapy, there are some overlaps in practice and in underlying principles. Balneotherapy may involve hot or cold water, massage through moving water, relaxation, or stimulation. Many mineral waters at spas are rich in particular minerals such as silica, sulfur, selenium, and radium. Medicinal clays are also widely used, a practice known as 'fangotherapy'.
Bob Wischusen
Robert Wischusen (/wɪˈʃuːzən/; born October 1, 1971) is an American sports commentator who is currently a hockey, college football and basketball voice for ESPN and the radio voice announcer for the New York Jets on WAXQ-FM.

WAXQ
WAXQ (104.3 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to New York, New York. It airs a classic rock radio format and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. WAXQ's studios are at 125 West 55th Street in Midtown Manhattan. DJs heard on WAXQ include radio veterans Carol Miller and Jim Kerr. The station's transmitter is located at the Empire State Building.
Shuangcheng, Harbin
Shuangcheng District (simplified Chinese: 双城区; traditional Chinese: 雙城區; pinyin: Shuāngchéng Qū) is one of nine districts of the prefecture-level city of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, covering part of the southwestern suburbs. The district was approved to establish from the former Shuangcheng City (双城市) by the Chinese State Council on May 2, 2014. It sits approximately 42 kilometres (26 mi) south-southwest of downtown Harbin. Formerly a county-level city until 15 May 2014. The westernmost county-level division of Harbin City, it borders Daoli District to the north, Nangang and Pingfang Districts to the northeast, Acheng District to the east, and Wuchang to the southeast, as well as the Jilin prefecture-level divisions of Changchun to the south and Songyuan to the southwest.

Prefecture-level divisions of China
China is officially divided into 339 prefecture-level divisions, which rank below provinces and above counties as the second-level administrative division in the country. Of these, 333 are located in territory controlled by the People's Republic of China, while 6 are located in land controlled by Taiwan.

There are four types of prefecture-level divisions:

299 Prefecture-level cities (293 in mainland China and 6 in the claimed Taiwan Province)

30 Autonomous prefectures

7 Prefectures

3 Leagues

Of these, leagues and prefectures are in the process of being abolished and transformed into one of the other two types of prefecture-level divisions.
CUMYL-THPINACA
CUMYL-THPINACA (also known as SGT-42) is an indazole-3-carboxamide based synthetic cannabinoid. CUMYL-THPINACA acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with approximately 6x selectivity for CB1, having an EC50 of 0.1nM for human CB1 receptors and 0.59nM for human CB2 receptors.

Cannabinoid receptor 2
The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), is a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family that in humans is encoded by the CNR2 gene. It is closely related to the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which is largely responsible for the efficacy of endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic-inhibition, the psychoactive properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active agent in cannabis, and other phytocannabinoids (plant cannabinoids). The principal endogenous ligand for the CB2 receptor is 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).

CB2 was cloned in 1993 by a research group from Cambridge looking for a second cannabinoid receptor that could explain the pharmacological properties of tetrahydrocannabinol. The receptor was identified among cDNAs based on its similarity in amino acid sequence to the CB1 receptor, discovered in 1990. The discovery of this receptor helped provide a molecular explanation for the established effects of cannabinoids on the immune system.
Andrea Del Rosario
Andrea Anne Villanueva Del Rosario (born November 27, 1977) is a Filipino actress, beauty queen, model, and politician. She was a former member of the girl group Viva Hot Babes and the Batch 3 of Star Magic. She was a 4th Runner-up in Miss Philippines Earth 2001 winning a special award of Miss Close Up Killer Smile.

In 2006, she made her first television appearance as a series regular for the remake of the Primetime soap Gulong ng Palad as Mimi Sandoval. Her role was very much praised as the arch type antagonist.

In 2016, Del Rosario entered politics as a candidate for vice mayor of Calatagan, Batangas, in the 2016 local elections on May 9, 2016. She later won, and proclaimed as the newly elected vice mayor, after the election.

Aside from politics and showbiz, Del Rosario ventured into food business as a co-owner of the Longganisa Sorpresa, a restaurant, which features dishes from longganisa.

Miss Philippines Earth 2001
Miss Philippines Earth 2001 (also called Miss Philippines 2001) was the first edition of Miss Philippines Earth. It took place at the UP Theater in Quezon City, Metro Manila on April 28, 2001.

At the end of the event, Carlene Aguilar was crowned as the first ever winner of Miss Philippines Earth. Maria del Carmen Antigua was first runner-up, Anjelly Gamboa was second runner-up, Marites Orjalesa was third runner-up, and Gemma Gatdula was fourth runner-up.

The coronation night presentation show was opened with the Miss Earth theme song entitled Woman of the Earth written by Dero Pedero.
2002 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 2002 proceeded in keeping with rules enacted in 2001. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) held an election to select from among recent players; Ozzie Smith was elected.

The Veterans Committee did not hold an election; the 2001 rules changes provided that elections for players retired over 20 years would be held every other year, with elections of non-players (managers, umpires and executives) held every fourth year. The Committee held elections in 2001 for players who were active no later than 1979. The next Veterans Committee election, for both categories, was in 2003.

The induction ceremonies were held on July 28 in Cooperstown, with Commissioner Bud Selig presiding.

Steve Howe (baseball)
Steven Roy Howe (March 10, 1958 – April 28, 2006) was an American professional baseball relief pitcher. He played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Minnesota Twins, Texas Rangers and New York Yankees, spanning 1980 to 1996. His baseball career ended in 1997 after a stint with the Sioux Falls Canaries of the independent Northern League.

A hard-throwing left-hander, Howe was the Rookie of the Year in 1980, saved the clinching game of the 1981 World Series, and was an All-Star in 1982.  However, his career was derailed by problems with alcohol and cocaine abuse.  He was suspended seven times by MLB for drug-policy violations, and in 1992 he received a lifetime ban from baseball that he was able to overturn with an appeal. After each disciplinary action, he returned to show flashes of his former brilliance. He died in a single-vehicle accident in 2006, after which an autopsy identified the presence of methamphetamine in his system.
Capillary wave
A capillary wave is a wave traveling along the phase boundary of a fluid, whose dynamics and phase velocity are dominated by the effects of surface tension.

Capillary waves are common in nature, and are often referred to as ripples.  The wavelength of capillary waves on water is typically less than a few centimeters, with a phase speed in excess of 0.2–0.3 meter/second.

A longer wavelength on a fluid interface will result in gravity–capillary waves which are influenced by both the effects of surface tension and gravity, as well as by fluid inertia. Ordinary gravity waves have a still longer wavelength.

Light breezes upon the surface of water which stir up such small ripples are also sometimes referred to as 'cat's paws'. On the open ocean, much larger ocean surface waves (seas and swells) may result from coalescence of smaller wind-caused ripple-waves.

Inertia
Inertia is the natural tendency of objects in motion to stay in motion and objects at rest to stay at rest, unless a force causes its velocity to change. It is one of the fundamental principles in classical physics, and described by Isaac Newton in his first law of motion (also known as The Principle of Inertia). It is one of the primary manifestations of mass, one of the core quantitative properties of physical systems. Newton writes:

LAW I. Every object perseveres in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, except insofar as it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed thereon.

In his 1687 work Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Newton defined inertia as a property:

DEFINITION III. The vis insita, or innate force of matter, is a power of resisting by which every body, as much as in it lies, endeavours to persevere in its present state, whether it be of rest or of moving uniformly forward in a right line.