hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mohammad Bagher Shafti
Mohammad Bagher Shafti (Persian: محمدباقر شفتی; 1767 in Shaft – 22 March 1844 in Isfahan), was an Iranian Twelver Shia cleric. The Seyyed mosque in Isfahan was built by him. According to Hossein Nasr and Hamid Dabashi, he is probably the first clergyman to be given the title Hojatoleslam (from Arabic: حجة الإسلام, romanized: ḥujjat al-islām). This title was bestowed upon him in recognition of his double role as both judge and Mufti, as well as his book about the implementation of Sharia.

Hamid Dabashi
Hamid Dabashi (Persian: حمید دباشی; born 1951) is an Iranian-American professor of Iranian studies and comparative literature at Columbia University in New York City.

He is the author of over twenty books. Among them are Theology of Discontent, several books on Iranian cinema, Staging a Revolution, the edited volume Dreams of a Nation: On Palestinian Cinema, and his one-volume analysis of Iranian history, Iran: A People Interrupted.
Solar eclipse of November 15, 2096
An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Wednesday, November 14 and Thursday, November 15, 2096, with a magnitude of 0.9237. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.2 days before apogee (on November 16, 2096, at 5:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be smaller.

The path of annularity will be visible from parts of Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, northeastern Australia, and New Zealand. A partial solar eclipse will also be visible for parts of Southeast Asia, Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica.

Angular diameter
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of a lens). The angular diameter can alternatively be thought of as the angular displacement through which an eye or camera must rotate to look from one side of an apparent circle to the opposite side.

A person can resolve with their naked eyes diameters down to about 1 arcminute (approximately 0.017° or 0.0003 radians). This corresponds to 0.3 m at a 1 km distance, or to perceiving Venus as a disk under optimal conditions.
Leonardo Chapman
Leonardo Chapman Medina (April 30, 1922 – October 20, 1974) was a Puerto Rican first baseman in the Negro leagues in the 1940s.

A native of Puerta de Tierra, Puerto Rico, Chapman played for the Baltimore Elite Giants in 1944. In 11 recorded games, he posted seven hits in 42 plate appearances. Chapman died in San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1974 at age 52.

Baltimore Elite Giants
The Baltimore Elite Giants were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues from 1920 to 1950. The team was established by Thomas T. Wilson, in Nashville, Tennessee as the semi-pro Nashville Standard Giants on March 26, 1920. The team was renamed the Elite Giants in 1921, and moved to Baltimore, Maryland in 1938, where the team remained for the duration of their existence. The team and its fans pronounced the word "Elite" as "EE-light".
Receptor activity-modifying protein
Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a class of protein that interact with and modulate the activities of several Class B G protein-coupled receptors including the receptors for secretin, calcitonin (CT), glucagon, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). There are three distinct types of RAMPs in mammals (though more in fish), designated RAMP1, RAMP2, and RAMP3, each encoded by a separate gene.

Secretin receptor
The secretin receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCTR gene. This protein is a G protein-coupled receptor which binds secretin and is the leading member (i.e., first cloned) of the secretin receptor family, also called class B GPCR subfamily.
Likud video of graves
Likud video of graves, or "the graves video" (Hebrew: סרטון הקברים), was a short film, which was produced and broadcast on February 26, 2019 by the "Likud TV" studio, submitted by Eliraz Sadeh on the digital accounts of the Benjamin Netanyahu's online social networks.

In this video, the Israeli journalist Avishai Ivri described Benny Gantz, the chairman of the Blue and White (political alliance), as the left. At the end of the video, Ivri is seen being filmed against the background of the military cemetery on Mount Herzl with the graves of the killed Israeli soldiers of the Convoy of 35, claiming that "the left is dangerous".

Mount Herzl
Mount Herzl (Hebrew: הַר הֶרְצְל Har Hertsl), also Har ha-Zikaron (הַר הַזִּכָּרוֹן‎ lit. "Mount of Remembrance"), is the site of Israel's national cemetery and other memorial and educational facilities, found on the west side of Jerusalem beside the Jerusalem Forest.

It is named after Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern Zionism. Herzl's tomb lies at the top of the hill. Yad Vashem, which commemorates the Holocaust, lies to the west of Mt. Herzl. Israel's war dead are also buried there. Mount Herzl is 834 metres (2,736 ft) above sea level.
2009 German Supercup
The 2009 German Supercup, known as the Volkswagen SuperCup for sponsorship reasons, was an unofficial edition of the German Supercup, a football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions.

The match was played at the Volkswagen Arena in Wolfsburg, and was contested by 2008–09 Bundesliga winners VfL Wolfsburg, and 2008–09 DFB-Pokal winners Werder Bremen. Bremen won the match 2–1 to claim the unofficial title.

VfL Wolfsburg
Verein für Leibesübungen Wolfsburg e. V., commonly known as VfL Wolfsburg (pronounced [ˌfaʊ ʔɛf ʔɛl ˈvɔlfsbʊɐ̯k]), is a German professional sports club based in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony. The club grew out of a multi-sports club for Volkswagen workers in the city of Wolfsburg. It is best known for its football department, but other departments include badminton, handball and athletics.

The men's professional football team play in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. Wolfsburg have won the Bundesliga once in their history, in the 2008–09 season, the DFB-Pokal in 2015 and the DFL-Supercup in 2015.

Professional football is run by the spin-off organization VfL Wolfsburg-Fußball GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. Since 2002, Wolfsburg's stadium is the Volkswagen Arena.
Michael Hutchings (mathematician)
Michael Lounsbery Hutchings is an American mathematician, a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is known for proving the double bubble conjecture on the shape of two-chambered soap bubbles, and for his work on circle-valued Morse theory and on embedded contact homology, which he defined.

Soap bubble
A soap bubble (commonly referred to as simply a bubble) is an extremely thin film of soap or detergent and water enclosing air that forms a hollow sphere with an iridescent surface. Soap bubbles usually last for only a few seconds before bursting, either on their own or on contact with another object. They are often used for children's enjoyment, but they are also used in artistic performances. Assembling many bubbles results in foam.

When light shines onto a bubble it appears to change colour. Unlike those seen in a rainbow, which arise from differential refraction, the colours seen in a soap bubble arise from light wave interference, reflecting off the front and back surfaces of the thin soap film. Depending on the thickness of the film, different colours interfere constructively and destructively.
PJ Library
PJ Library is a program of the Harold Grinspoon Foundation, a North American Jewish non-profit organization based in Agawam, Massachusetts. It was created in December 2005 as a Jewish engagement and literacy program for Jewish families with young children.

PJ Library is modeled after Dolly Parton's Imagination Library program. PJ Library sends out free Jewish children's books and music to families "with Judaism as part of their lives." on a monthly basis by subscription. It is a North American program that is implemented on a local level. Costs are covered by a partnership between the Harold Grinspoon Foundation, members of the PJ Library Alliance, and families who “Pay it Forward” to make sure PJ Library can reach more families. In most communities there is an agency such as a Jewish federation, Jewish Community Center, or synagogue that is a key partners in making PJ Library possible locally.

Dollywood Foundation
The Dollywood Foundation is a non-profit organization founded by Dolly Parton, with headquarters in Sevierville, Tennessee (as of 2022). Shortly after the opening of the Dollywood theme park in 1986, the Dollywood Foundation was created in April 1988, and began by offering scholarships to local high school students.  From there it grew into the Imagination Library, started in 1995, which distributes free books to children monthly, up until the age of 5.  The Dollywood Foundation grew again into the My People Fund, which started in 2016 after wildfires ripped through Tennessee. The current president of the Dollywood Company is Craig Ross. Today, the foundation continues to grant scholarships and awards, and provides support to numerous non-profit organizations that aim to improve the quality of life of children and others in need.
Rosy Senanayake
Bernadine Rose Senanayake, JP, UM (née Ramanayake; born 5 January 1958), better known as Rosy Senanayake, is a Sri Lankan politician, beauty pageant titleholder and activist currently serving as Presidential Advisor on Local Government affairs. She was the Mayor of Colombo from 2018 to 2023, and former Prime Minister's Spokesperson and the Deputy Head of the Prime Minister's Office for Ranil Wickramasinghe. She has been an activist on several issues and an active figure in the opposition gaining much limelight.

Rosy Senanayake was the former state minister for child development under President Maithripala Sirisena. She was also the leader of the opposition in Western Provincial Council and the chief organizer of United National Party for the Colombo West electorate. Senanayake has served as the Sri Lankan High Commissioner for Malaysia and was a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Population Fund.

Western Province, Sri Lanka
The Western Province (Sinhala: බස්නාහිර පළාත Basnāhira Paḷāta; Tamil: மேல் மாகாணம் Mael Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country. The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils. Western Province is the most densely populated province in the country and is home to the legislative capital Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte as well as to Colombo, the nation's administrative and business center.
Piano Concerto No. 13 (Mozart)
The Piano Concerto No. 13 in C major, K. 415 (387b) by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was composed in Vienna in 1782–83. It is the third of the first three full concertos Mozart composed for his subscription concerts.

It consists of three movements:

The average duration of performance of Concerte für das Pianoforte (vol. 2, no.13), is 23 minutes.

Instrumentation: solo – piano (or harpsichord); orchestra: 2 oboes, 2 bassoons + 2 French horns, 2 trumpets + timpani + strings.

Mozart wrote this and the piano concertos nos. 11, K. 413, and 12, K. 414, for his subscription concerts, "either with a large orchestra with wind instruments or merely a quattro" [with string quartet].

Köchel catalogue
The Köchel catalogue (German: Köchel-Verzeichnis) is a catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated K. or KV. Its numbers reflect the ongoing task of compiling the chronology of Mozart's works, and provide a shorthand reference to the compositions. For example, according to Köchel's counting, Requiem in D minor is the 626th piece Mozart composed, thus is designated K. 626.

Köchel's original catalogue (1862) has been revised several times. Catalogue numbers from these revised editions are indicated either by parentheses or by superscript: K. 49 (47d) or K.6 47d refers to the work numbered 47d in the sixth edition. The catalog was originally chronological, though revisions made chronological ordering of Mozart's works difficult and as of 2024 a new organizational system is used for the ninth version.
Demographics of the Ottoman Empire
The demographics of the Ottoman Empire include population density, ethnicity, education level, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Lucy Mary Jane Garnett stated in the 1904 book Turkish Life in Town and Country, published in 1904, that "No country in the world, perhaps, contains a population so heterogeneous as that of Turkey."

Silistra Eyalet
The Eyalet of Silistra or Silistria (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت سیلیستره, romanized: Eyālet-i Silistre), later known as Özü Eyalet (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت اوزی, romanized: Eyālet-i Özi, lit. 'Province of Ochakiv') was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire along the Black Sea littoral and south bank of the Danube River in southeastern Europe. The fortress of Akkerman was under the eyalet's jurisdiction. Its reported area in the 19th century was 71,140 square kilometres (27,469 sq mi).
Harrison College (Indiana)
Harrison College was a private for-profit college based in Indianapolis, Indiana, with 11 campuses in Indiana, Ohio, and North Carolina.  The college was founded as Indiana Business College in 1902 in Marion, Indiana.  Harrison graduated more than 80,000 students, with associate degrees, bachelor's degrees and certificates in more than 30 programs across six schools of study: business, nursing, health sciences, information technology, veterinary technology and culinary arts at The Chef's Academy at Harrison College. Harrison was accredited by the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES) and its baccalaureate nursing degree programs were accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. On September 14, 2018, an open letter was published on Harrison College's website explaining that all campuses would close permanently on September 16, 2018, except for The Chef's Academy, which would stay open until the term ended on October 14, 2018.

Culinary arts
Culinary arts are the cuisine arts of the preparation, cooking, and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. People working in this field – especially in establishments such as restaurants – are commonly called chefs or cooks, although, at its most general, the terms culinary artist and culinarian are also used.

Expert chefs are in charge of making meals that are both aesthetically beautiful and delicious. This often requires understanding of food science, nutrition, and diet. Delicatessens and relatively large institutions like hotels and hospitals rank as their principal workplaces after restaurants.
Madeleine Truel
Madeleine Truel (Lima, Peru, 28 August 1904 - Stolpe, Parchim, Germany, 1945), was a Peruvian woman of French parentage who fought in the French Resistance. The exact date of Madeleine Truel's alliance with the French Resistance is unknown. She worked as a document forger. She was captured in 1944 and was tortured to extract information without success, following which she was sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1945. She died in Stolpe (Germany) on 3 May 1945, after the so-called "death march", a few hours before the Russian troops arrived. Her full name, Madeleine Blanche Pauline Truel Larrabure, appears on a monument in homage to all those who were deported from France and perished during the Second World War.

Death march
A death march is a forced march of prisoners of war, other captives, or deportees in which individuals are left to die along the way. It is distinct from simple prisoner transport via foot march. Article 19 of the Geneva Convention requires that prisoners must be moved away from a danger zone, such as an advancing front line, to a place that may be considered more secure. It is not required to evacuate prisoners who are too unwell or injured to move. In times of war, such evacuations can be difficult to carry out.

Death marches usually feature harsh physical labor and abuse, neglect of prisoner injury and illness, deliberate starvation and dehydration, humiliation, torture, and execution of those unable to keep up the marching pace. The march may end at a prisoner-of-war camp or internment camp, or it may continue until all those who are forced to march are dead.
Scouting and Guiding Federation of Turkey
Scouting and Guiding Federation of Turkey (Türkiye İzcilik Federasyonu, TİF) is the national Scouting and Guiding federation of Turkey. It serves 33,974 Scouts (as of 2011) and 2,883 Guides (as of 2006). The federation is a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement since 1950, and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts since 1987.

World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS /wæɡz/) is a global association that supports female-oriented and female-only Guiding and Scouting organizations in 153 countries. It was established in the year 1928 in Parád, Hungary. The organization now has its headquarters located in London, United Kingdom. It is the counterpart of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). WAGGGS is organized into five regions and operates five international Guiding centers. It holds full member status in the European Youth Forum (YFJ), which operates within the Council of Europe and the European Union.
Bastion Square
Bastion Square is a historic pedestrian mall in Victoria, British Columbia.

The square has a ceremonial entry arch at View and Government streets, and the exit on the Wharf Street side opens to a staircase with a view of the Inner Harbour.

In 1963, under the direction of city planner Rod Clack, Bastion Square was developed as part of the modern scheme for Centennial Square. View Street was closed off, and a pedestrian area was created, set off by restored historic buildings on three sides and a view across the harbour on the fourth.

Historic buildings on the square include Burnes House, the Beaver Building, the Board of Trade Building, Chancery Chambers, Law Chambers, the Rithet Building, and the Supreme Court Building.

Events held at the square include the Bastion Square Public Market, the Holiday Market, and the Art Walk.

Victoria Harbour (British Columbia)
Victoria Harbour is a harbour, seaport, and seaplane airport in the Canadian city of Victoria, British Columbia. It serves as a cruise ship and ferry destination for tourists and visitors to the city and Vancouver Island. It is both a port of entry and an airport of entry for general aviation. Historically it was a shipbuilding and commercial fishing centre. While the Inner Harbour is fully within the City of Victoria, separating the city's downtown on its east side from the Victoria West neighbourhood, the Upper Harbour serves as the boundary between the City of Victoria and the district municipality of Esquimalt. The inner reaches are also bordered by the district of Saanich and the town of View Royal. Victoria is a federal "public harbour" as defined by Transport Canada. Several port facilities in the harbour are overseen and developed by the Greater Victoria Harbour Authority, however the harbour master's position is with Transport Canada.
Kruków, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Kruków [ˈkrukuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ożarów, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Ożarów, 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Opatów, and 78 km (48 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Opatów
Opatów ([ɔˈpatuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: אַפּטאַ, אַפּט, romanized: Apt, Apte) is a town in southeastern Poland, within Opatów County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, it was part of a greater region called Lesser Poland. In 2012 the population was 6,658. Opatów is located among the hills of Lesser Polish Upland, with the Opatówka river dividing the town into two parts.

A town with a history of some 1,000 years, Opatów is one of the province's best-preserved historic towns and once one of the largest cities in its territory, owing its prosperity to crafts and trade. Its landmarks include the Collegiate Church of St. Martin, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland as one of the most precious examples of Romanesque architecture in Poland, the Baroque Bernardine monastery, town hall and underground tourist routes in late medieval cellars under the old town. Opatów is home to local specialties such as pączki, krówki and kiełbasa.
Arabian oryx reintroduction
The Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), also called the white oryx, was extinct in the wild as of 1972, but was reintroduced to the wild starting in 1982. The initial reintroduction was primarily from two herds: the "World Herd" originally started at the Phoenix Zoo in 1963 from only nine oryx and the Saudi Arabian herd started in 1986 from private collections and some "World Herd" stock by the Saudi National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC). As of 2009, there have been reintroductions in Oman, Saudi Arabia, Israel, the United Arab Emirates, and Jordan, and as of 2013 the IUCN Red List classifies the species as vulnerable.

Arabah
The Arabah/Araba (Arabic: وادي عربة, romanized: Wādī ʿAraba) or Aravah/Arava (Hebrew: הָעֲרָבָה, romanized: hāʿĂrāḇā, lit. 'dry area') is a loosely defined geographic area located south of the Dead Sea drainage basin and north of the Gulf of Aqaba in southeastern Israel and southwestern Jordan.

The old meaning, which was in use up to around the early 20th century, covered almost the entire length of what today is called the Jordan Rift Valley, running in a north–south orientation between the southern end of the Sea of Galilee and the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba of the Red Sea at Aqaba–Eilat. This included the Jordan Rift Valley between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, the Dead Sea itself, and what today is commonly called the Arava Valley. The contemporary use of the term is restricted to this southern section alone.
1935 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1935 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 18th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Waterford entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Limerick in the Munster final.

The All-Ireland final was played on 13 October 1935 at Mountsfield Park in Catford, between Limerick and London, in what was their first ever meeting in a final. Limerick won the match by 4–09 to 3–03 to claim their first ever championship title.

Catford
Catford is a district in south east London, England, and the administrative centre of the London Borough of Lewisham. It is southwest of Lewisham itself, mostly in the Rushey Green and Catford South wards. The population of Catford, including Bellingham, was 44,905 in 2011.

Catford covers most of SE6 postcode district. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.