hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tota, Boyacá
Tota is a town and municipality in the department of Boyacá, Colombia, part of the Sugamuxi Province. Tota is located approximately 40 km from Sogamoso and the municipality borders in the north Cuítiva, Aquitania in the east, Zetaquirá and San Eduardo in the south and westward of Tota the municipality of Pesca is located. Nearby and named after the village is Lake Tota, the largest lake of Colombia.

Departments of Colombia
Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two administrative divisions referred to as departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and one Capital District (Distrito Capital). Departments are country subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy. Each department has a governor (gobernador) and an Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods.

Departments are formed by a grouping of municipalities (municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is headed by mayor (alcalde) and administered by a municipal council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected by popular vote for four-year periods.
Mbweni, Zanzibar
Mbweni is a settlement located in Mjini Magharibi Region of the Tanzanian island of Unguja, the main island of Zanzibar. It is located on the central west coast, seven kilometres south of the Zanzibari capital of Stone Town.

The town is a popular day-trip destination for both tourists and locals. Mbweni's attractions include botanical gardens and the ruins of a nineteenth-century Christian mission.

Mjini Magharibi Region
Mjini Magharibi Region, Zanzibar Urban West Region or West Zanzibar Region (Mkoa wa Mjini Magharibi in Swahili) is one of the 31 regions of Tanzania. The region covers an area of 230 km2 (89 sq mi). The region is located entirely on the island of Zanzibar and bordered to the west by the Indian Ocean, the north by Unguja North Region and the east by Unguja South Region. The region is home to one of the seven World Heritage Sites located in Tanzania, namely; Stonetown of Zanzibar. The regional capital is Zanzibar City. The region is the most developed region with the highest human development index in Tanzania at 0.718. According to the 2012 census, the region has a total population of 593,678.
Ramón Maldonado
José Ramón Maldonado Alonso (born 25 April 1988, in Nogales, Sonora) is a Mexican former footballer who last played for Alebrijes de Oaxaca. He also played for Chapulineros de Oaxaca in the Liga de Balompié Mexicano.

Chapulineros de Oaxaca
Club de Fútbol Chapulineros de Oaxaca is a Mexican professional football club based in Oaxaca, that plays in the Liga Premier, the third level division of Mexican football. The club previously participated in the Liga de Balompié Mexicano (2020–2025), which was a semi-professional league not recognized by FMF and FIFA.
Muna al-Sheemi
mona elshimi (born 1968) is an Egyptian writer. She obtained a degree in archaeology from Cairo University, and currently works as a history teacher. She has published more than half a dozen works of fiction, including novels and short stories. Her work has also been published in leading Arab newspapers and magazines such as Al-Watan, Akhbar al-Adab and Al-Arabi.

Her latest book The Size of a Grape was nominated for the 2015 Arabic Booker Prize. Previously she was awarded the Egyptian General Authority for Cultural Palaces Prize for her novel A Colour Runaway from the Rainbow and the Story Club Prize for her novel The Weightier Scale.

Al-Arabi (magazine)
Al-Arabi (Arabic: العربي, lit. 'The Arab') is a monthly magazine that focuses mainly on the culture, literature, art, politics, society, and economics of the Arab world.  The first edition was published in December 1958, seeking to propound the ideology of Pan-Arabism. The magazine encourages public participation and makes use of photography and freelance work.
Gubser
Gubser is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Gubser (1916–2011), American politician

Kim Gubser (born 2000), Swiss freestyle skier

Robin Gubser (born 1991), Liechtensteiner footballer

Steven Gubser (1972–2019), American physicist

Michael Gubser (born 2005), Certified hottie

Charles Gubser
Charles Samuel Gubser (February 1, 1916 – August 20, 2011) was an American educator, farmer and politician who served 11 terms as a member of the United States House of Representatives from California from 1953 to 1974.
1961 Women's Amateur Snooker Championship
The 1961 Women's Amateur Snooker Championship was an amateur snooker tournament held in 1961. The event was held from 24 to 29 April 1961 at Burroughes Hall. Maureen Barrett, who had not participated in the tournament in the two previous years, won the event, defeating Thea March 4–0 in the final.

Thea Hindmarch
Dorothea Hindmarch (4 June 1918 – 20 September 2001), also known as Thea March, was an English champion player of billiards, and snooker player. She won the equivalent of the women's world billiards title three times, in 1962, 1967 and 1969.
Aero A.14
The Aero A.14 was a Czechoslovak biplane military reconnaissance aircraft built in the 1920s. It was essentially a slightly modified version of the Hansa-Brandenburg C.I aircraft, widely-used by Austria-Hungary during the First World War, and for this reason, the aircraft is sometimes referred to as the A.14 Brandenburg. When equipped with a slightly different engine (the Hiero L in place of the standard Hiero N), the aircraft was designated A.15 instead. The two versions were otherwise almost identical.

Even though it was obsolete by the time it entered production in 1922, the A.14 is nevertheless noteworthy for its role in the establishment of Czech airline CSA. A.14s provided by the Czechoslovak Air Force served to survey routes that CSA airliners would soon fly, and at least 17 were put into service as mail planes between Prague and Bratislava. They could also carry a single passenger when required.

Ufag
UFAG (German: Ungarische Flugzeugfabrik A.G., Hungarian: Magyar Repülőgépgyár Rt. in short: "MARE"), was a Hungarian aircraft manufacturer formed by the Ganz Works and the Manfred Weiss Works in Budapest in 1912. They built aircraft of their own design as well as under licence from Lohner and Hansa-Brandenburg.
History of Columbia University
Columbia University was founded in 1754 in New York City as King's College, by royal charter of King George II of Great Britain. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in New York state, and the fifth-oldest in the United States.

Columbia Daily Spectator
The Columbia Daily Spectator (known colloquially as Spec) is the student-run newspaper of Columbia University. Founded in 1877, it is the second-oldest continuously operating college news daily in the nation after The Harvard Crimson, and has been legally independent from the university since 1962. It is published at 120th Street and Claremont Avenue in New York City. During the academic term, it is published online Sunday through Thursday and printed weekly. In addition to serving as a campus newspaper, the Spectator also reports the latest news of the surrounding Morningside Heights community. The paper is delivered to over 150 locations throughout the Morningside Heights neighborhood.
The Underworld Story
The Underworld Story is a 1950 American film noir crime film directed by Cy Endfield and starring Dan Duryea, Herbert Marshall, Gale Storm, with Howard Da Silva and Michael O'Shea in support. Da Silva plays the loud-mouthed gangster Carl Durham, one of his last roles before becoming blacklisted.

The newspaperman played by Duryea is similar in tone (a reporter that does anything for publicity for himself regardless of ethics) to Kirk Douglas in Billy Wilder's Ace in the Hole (1951).  This B-movie was shot in black and white by director Cy Endfield and cinematographer Stanley Cortez.

Stanley Cortez
Stanley Cortez, A.S.C. (born Stanislaus Samuel Kranz; November 4, 1908 – December 23, 1997) was an American cinematographer. He worked on over 100 films between 1929 and 1980, and was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography. His  most notable credits included Orson Welles' The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), Charles Laughton's The Night of the Hunter (1955), Nunnally Johnson's The Three Faces of Eve (1957), and Samuel Fuller's Shock Corridor (1963) and The Naked Kiss (1964). He served as President of the American Society of Cinematographers from 1985 to 1986.

He was the younger brother of actor and director Ricardo Cortez.
Darrel Frost
Darrel Richmond Frost (born 1951) is an American herpetologist and systematist. He was previously head curator of herpetology at the American Museum of Natural History, as well as president of both the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (1998) and the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (2006). Four taxa are named in his honor: the toad genus Frostius (which includes Frost's Toad), the tree frog Dendropsophus frosti, Darrel's Chorus Frog Microhyla darreli, and Frost's arboreal alligator lizard Abronia frosti.

Systematics
Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).  Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, graphically represented in cladograms) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).  Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word of Ancient Greek origin systema, which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book.
Mestre de camp
Mestre de camp or Maître de camp (French pronunciation: [mɛːtʁə də kɑ̃]; "camp-master") was a military rank in the Ancien Régime of France, equivalent to colonel.  A mestre de camp commanded a regiment and was under the authority of a Colonel General, who commanded all the regiments in one "arme". The rank also existed in Portugal and Spain, as maestre de campo or mestre de campo.

When the role of infantry colonel general was abolished in 1661, the mestre de camp took the title of colonel.  The cavalry regiments, on the other hand, remained under the authority of a colonel general, were commanded individually by mestres de camp until the French Revolution. 
The rank of mestre de camp was demonstrated by wearing a pair of épaulettes with gilded or silver fringes.

The rank was abolished during the French Revolution and replaced by that of chef de brigade.

Colonel general
Colonel general is a military rank used in some armies. It is particularly associated with Germany, where historically general officer ranks were one grade lower than in the Commonwealth and the United States, and Generaloberst was a rank above full General, but below Generalfeldmarschall. The rank of colonel general is also used in the armed forces organized along the lines of the Soviet model, where it is comparable to that of a lieutenant general.
Wilhelm Mohr (aviator)
Wilhelm Mohr (27 June 1917 – 26 September 2016) was a Norwegian aviation officer.

He was born in Fana to landowner Wilhelm Mohr and Emily Holm, and was a grandson of grain merchant Conrad Mohr. He served as aviation officer during the Second World War, both in the Norwegian Campaign and later in Little Norway in Canada, and with the No. 332 Squadron RAF. He was promoted Major General in 1962, and Lieutenant General in 1964, and served as head of the Royal Norwegian Air Force. He was decorated Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1964. His war decorations include the War Cross with sword, the British Distinguished Flying Cross, and the American Legion of Merit.

He died on 26 September 2016, 99 years old.

Fana, Bergen
Fana is a borough of the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway.  The borough makes up the southeastern part of the municipality of Bergen.  The borough was once part of the historic Fana Municipality which was incorporated into Bergen in 1972.  he old municipality was much larger than the present-day borough of Fana. It also included all of the present-day boroughs of Ytrebygda and Fyllingsdalen as well as the southern part of the present-day boroughs of Årstad.  As of 1 January 2012, Fana had a population of 39,216.
1782 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1782 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on November 15, 1782, in order to elect the Governor of Maryland. Candidate William Paca was elected by the Maryland General Assembly against his opponent, former President of the Maryland Senate Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer. The exact results of this election are unknown.

President of the Maryland Senate
The President of the Maryland Senate is elected by a majority of the State Senators. The incumbent is Bill Ferguson who has held the role since January 8, 2020.

The Maryland Constitution of 1864 created the new position of Lieutenant Governor of Maryland, elected by the voters of the state. That officer served as president of the Senate and would assume the office of governor if the incumbent should die, resign, be removed, or be disqualified. Christopher Christian Cox was the first and only lieutenant governor to preside over the Senate in that capacity; the position was abolished in the state's 1867 Constitution, which remains in effect as amended. When the lieutenant governorship was re-established by a constitutional amendment in 1970, it did not include the Senate presidency.
Antynanum
Antynanum is a townland in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Antrim Lower and the civil parish of Racavan and covers an area of 450 acres.

The name derives from the Irish: An Tidh na nama (The church of the soul).

The population of the townland increased during the 19th century:

The townland contains a Scheduled Historic Monument: a court tomb (grid ref: D2556 1094). The Neolithic court tomb is set in a cairn 60–70 metres long running east–west and 3 metres tall at the west end. The semicircular court, at the west end, leads into a 7 metre long two-chambered gallery. The burial chambers are largely filled with cairn material. At the east end of the cairn is a single-chambered tomb with portal and displaced capstone.

Court cairn
The court cairn or  court tomb  is a megalithic type of chambered cairn or gallery grave. During the period, 3900–3500 BC, more than 390 court cairns were built in Ireland and over 100 in southwest Scotland. The Neolithic (New Stone Age) monuments are identified by an uncovered courtyard connected to one or more roofed and partitioned burial chambers. Many monuments were built in multiple phases in both Ireland and Scotland and later re-used in the Early Bronze Age.
Liu Yi (badminton)
Liu Yi (simplified Chinese: 刘毅; traditional Chinese: 劉毅; pinyin: Liú Yì; born 7 July 2003) is a Chinese badminton player. He won the silver medal at the 2025 BWF World Championships and 2025 Asian Championships partnered with Chen Boyang. He was part of China winning team in the 2024 Asia Team Championships. Liu captured his first senior title at the 2022 Vietnam International Series with Chen.

2024 Badminton Asia Team Championships
The 2024 Badminton Asia Team Championships (officially known as the SELANGOR Badminton Asia Team Championships 2024 presented by PKNS for sponsorship reasons) was the fifth edition of Badminton Asia Team Championships, held at the Setia City Convention Centre in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, from 13 to 18 February 2024. This championships was organised by the Badminton Asia along with Badminton Association of Malaysia as the host organiser. It was sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation. It also served as the Asian qualifiers for the 2024 Thomas & Uber Cup to be held in Chengdu, China. Malaysia and Indonesia were the defending champions of the men's and women's category respectively.
Stripeback darter
The stripeback darter (Percina notogramma) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is found in Chesapeake Bay tributaries in Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. It prefers gravel runs and riffles of small to medium-sized rivers.

Gymnocephalus
Gymnocephalus is a genus of ray-finned fishes from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, pike-perches and darters. They are from the Western Palearctic area, although one species, Gymnocephalus cernua has been accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes region where it is regarded as an invasive species. They have the common name "ruffe" and resemble the true perches in the genus Perca, but are usually smaller and have a different pattern.
Tim Clark (pastor)
David Timothy Clark (Tim Clark) is an American pastor and author. Formerly dean of students at Life Pacific College, he is now senior pastor of The Church on the Way in Van Nuys, California. In 2015, he published a devotional book on the Book of Acts called VIRAL.

Life Pacific University
Life Pacific University (LPU) is a private Christian university endorsed by the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel and located in San Dimas, California. LPU serves as the denomination's flagship institution for higher education. It is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges - Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC) and the Association for Biblical Higher Education (ABHE).
Antonio Mercero
Antonio Mercero Juldain (7 March 1936 – 12 May 2018) was a Spanish director of the television series Verano azul and Farmacia de guardia. He is best known as the director of a 1972 surrealist short horror film titled La cabina, which won an Emmy Award. His 1998 film A Time for Defiance was entered into the 21st Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Special Silver St. George. In 2010, he was awarded an Honorary Goya Award (Goya de Honor). He died on 12 May 2018 in Madrid at the age of 82 after a battle against Alzheimer's.

Honorary Goya Award
The Honorary Goya Award (Spanish: Premio Goya de Honor) is one of the Goya Awards, Spain's principal national film awards. It is a non-competitive award and it is awarded for extraordinary distinction in lifetime achievement.
City of Londonderry (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)
54°59′38″N 7°19′34″W﻿ / ﻿54.994°N 7.326°W﻿ / 54.994; -7.326

The City of Londonderry parliamentary constituency was a single member constituency in the Parliament of Northern Ireland. It was created in 1929, as one of the five single member constituencies replacing the former five member Londonderry constituency.

The constituency included the eastern part of the city of Derry and its environs including the Waterside district and Eglinton area.

The seat was held continuously by Ulster Unionist Party candidates, although it was often contested by other parties.

The constituency was last contested at the 1969 General Election. The Northern Ireland parliament was suspended in 1972 and abolished in 1973. In elections to various Northern Ireland assemblies and forums which sat from 1973 to 1986 the area formed part of a revived Londonderry constituency. Since the abolition of the 1982–1986 Northern Ireland assembly the area has been part of the Foyle constituency.

1969 Northern Ireland general election
The 1969 Northern Ireland general election was held on Monday 24 February 1969. It was the last election to the Parliament of Northern Ireland before its abolition by the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973.

This was the first (and only) election since the 1929 general election to see changes to the constituencies. The Queen's University of Belfast seat was abolished and four new constituencies were created in the suburbs of Belfast to compensate for population growth there.
Motion to quash
A motion to quash is a request to a court or other tribunal to render a previous decision or proceeding null or invalid. The exact usage of motions to quash depends on the rules of the particular court or tribunal.

In some cases, motions to quash are requests to nullify a decision made by the same or a lower court. It can arise out of mistakes made by any lawyer or court officer. A lawyer may file a motion to quash if a mistake has been made on the part of a court, or if an attorney believes that  some court document such as a subpoena was not issued or delivered following the required procedure. For example, a party that receives improper service of process may file a motion to quash.

In the context of a court hearing an appeal, depending on the rules of the court, a motion to quash the appeal may be made on the basis that the court has no jurisdiction.

Subpoena
A subpoena (/səˈpiː.nə/; also subpena, subpœna) or witness summons is a writ issued by a government agency, most often a court, to compel testimony by a witness or production of evidence under a penalty for failure. There are two common types of subpoenas:

subpoena ad testificandum orders a person to testify before the ordering authority or face punishment. The subpoena can also request that the testimony be given by phone or in person.

subpoena duces tecum orders a person or organization to bring physical evidence before the ordering authority or face punishment. This is often used for requests to mail copies of documents to a requesting party or directly to a court.
Erigeron chrysopsidis var. austiniae
Erigeron chrysopsidis var. austiniae is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name sagebrush fleabane. It is sometimes considered a full species, Erigeron austiniae. It is native to the western United States from northeastern California to southwestern Idaho, where it grows in the sagebrush and juniper woodlands. It is a small, clumping perennial herb producing a hairy stem up to about 12 centimeters tall from a woody caudex and taproot surrounded by narrow linear to somewhat oval leaves up to 8 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a solitary flat-topped woolly flower head containing many yellow disc florets. There occasionally appears a yellow ray floret, but they are usually absent. The fruit is an achene with a pappus of bristles.

Taproot
A taproot is a large, central, and dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally and horizontally. Typically, a taproot is somewhat straight and very thick, is tapering in shape, and grows directly downward. In some plants, such as the carrot, the taproot is a storage organ so well developed that it has been cultivated as a vegetable.

The taproot system contrasts with the adventitious- or fibrous-root system of plants with many branched roots, but many plants that grow a taproot during germination go on to develop branching root structures, although some that rely on the main root for storage may retain the dominant taproot for centuries—for example, Welwitschia.