hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James T. Crossland
James T. Crossland III (1829–1863) was a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate Army of Tennessee, serving under the commands of Major General Lafayette McLaws and Major General Walthall. He was killed during Braxton Bragg's defense of Lookout Mountain during the Chattanooga campaign. Crossland, who was Bragg's cousin, reportedly called the defense a "selfish and overconfident move by a General who cared little for the welfare of the men under his command."

Battle of Lookout Mountain
The Battle of Lookout Mountain, also known as the Battle Above the Clouds, was fought November 24, 1863, as part of the Chattanooga campaign of the American Civil War. Union forces under Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker assaulted Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga, Tennessee, and defeated Confederate forces commanded by Maj. Gen. Carter L. Stevenson. Lookout Mountain was one engagement in the Chattanooga battles between Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Military Division of the Mississippi and the Confederate Army of Tennessee, commanded by Gen. Braxton Bragg. It drove in the Confederate left flank and allowed Hooker's men to assist in the Battle of Missionary Ridge the following day, which routed Bragg's army, lifting the siege of Union forces in Chattanooga, and opening the gateway into the Deep South.
Tamsui line
The Tamsui line or Damtsui line (Chinese: 淡水線; Hanyu Pinyin: Dànshuǐ xiàn; Tongyong Pinyin: Danshuei xian; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tām-chúi sòaⁿ) was a railroad branch line located in the cities of Taipei and New Taipei operated by the Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA). It connected the city of Taipei with the town of Tamsui. The route is currently served by the Tamsui–Xinyi line on the Taipei Metro.

Taiwan Railways Administration
Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA) was a governmental agency in Taiwan which operated Taiwan Railway from 1948 to 2023. It managed, maintained, and operated conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1,097 km (682 mi) of track. Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955.

On 1 January 2024, Taiwan Railway Administration became a state-owned corporation, Taiwan Railway Corporation. The agency's headquarters was at Taipei Main Station in Zhongzheng District, Taipei at the time of dissolution, the site which became the headquarter of the new company.
Ebenezer, Jasper County, Texas
Ebenezer is an unincorporated community in Jasper County, Texas, United States. Ebenezer is located near Texas Recreational Road 255, 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Jasper. William P. M. and 
Mary Ann Dean founded the community by 1860 and established a Methodist church and cemetery by 1861. By the 1900s, Ebenezer also had a school. Both the school and the church closed by 1965; the church and cemetery were given historical markers in the 1980s.

Jasper, Texas
Jasper is a city in and the county seat of Jasper County, Texas, United States. Its population was 6,884 at the 2020 U.S. census, down from 7,590 at the 2010 U.S. census. Jasper is situated in the Deep East Texas subregion, about 40 miles (64 km) west of the Texas-Louisiana state line. Jasper (the "Butterfly Capital of Texas") holds an annual Butterfly Festival the first Saturday in October to celebrate the migration of the monarch butterflies.
Robert Devore Leigh
Robert Devore Leigh (June 11, 1890 – January 31, 1961) was an American educator, political scientist, and leader in the field of library science. He was the founding president of Bennington College, and served there from 1928 to 1941. He made the college a center of progressive education, designing a curriculum with no rigid requirements, intensive instruction, off-campus study, and an emphasis on the arts. He attracted a faculty that included distinguished writers, artists, and dancers.

After resigning the college presidency in 1940, he served with the Foreign Broadcast Intelligence Service during World War II. After the war he was director of the University of Chicago's Commission on Freedom of the Press. He next became dean of the Columbia University School of Library Service, 1956–1959.

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
Jed Buchwald
Jed Zachary Buchwald is an American academic and historian. He currently serves as the Doris and Henry Dreyfuss Professor of History at Caltech. He was previously director of the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology at MIT. He won a MacArthur Fellowship in 1995 and was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2011.

Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology
The Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology (1992–2006) was a research institute established at MIT, and housed in a renovated building (E56) on campus at 38 Memorial Drive, overlooking the Charles River.
Diamond Island (Tennessee)
Diamond Island is a river island on the Tennessee River in Hardin County, Tennessee.

Diamond Island was so named on account of its diamond shape.

Diamond Island was purchased jointly by William Albert Warren and his brother Joshua Warren in 1851

Hardin County historian, David Cagle reports: "Sarah Thomas called me with information re Diamond Island. When TVA was surveying this property in 1938, a local resident, Will Hinton informed TVA that Warren Cemetery was located on the Island. The only grave mentioned was that of Mrs. (William) Al Warren. I guess that could be either of his wives?"

Mr. Cagle also surmises that William Albert Warren, who died ~1865, is also buried on the Island as well. As recent as 1940, the TVA maps indicated a barn on the island. Probably not an original structure, but it was probably built in the general area of the original residence.

Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is a 652 mi (1,049 km) long river located in the southeastern United States. Flowing through the Tennessee Valley in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of French Broad and Holston rivers at Knoxville, and drains into the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio, and drains a basin of 40,876 sq mi (105,870 km2).

Its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia.
Crystal Nights
Crystal Nights (Greek: Κρυστάλλινες νύχτες Krystallines nychtes) is a 1992 Greek drama film directed by Tonia Marketaki. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.

1992 Cannes Film Festival
The 45th Cannes Film Festival took place from 7 to 18 May 1992. French actor Gérard Depardieu served as jury president for the main competition.

Swedish filmmaker Bille August won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for a second time with the drama-film The Best Intentions.

The festival opened with Basic Instinct by Paul Verhoeven, and closed with Far and Away by Ron Howard.
Bletchley TMD
Bletchley TMD is a railway traction maintenance depot situated in Bletchley, Milton Keynes in  Buckinghamshire, to the north east of Bletchley railway station, on a siding off the Marston Vale line. The depot is operated by West Midlands Trains (trading as London Northwestern Railway).

British Rail Class 150
The British Rail Class 150 Sprinter is a class of diesel-hydraulic multiple unit passenger trains; they were developed and built by British Rail Engineering Limited at York Carriage Works between 1984 and 1987, for use on regional services across Great Britain. The type is a second-generation design, built to more modern standards and based on British Rail's Mark 3 body design for longer-distance services. It was developed alongside the lower-cost Pacers, which were built using bus parts for use on short-distance services. Two prototype units were built, followed by 135 production units in two batches. Further members of the Sprinter group were developed subsequently and introduced to service, including the Class 155, Class 156, Class 158 and Class 159.
The Adventurers (1926 film)
The Adventurers (German: Der Abenteurer) is a 1926 German silent adventure film directed by Rudolf Walther-Fein and starring Harry Liedtke, Erna Morena and Margarete Schlegel. The art direction was by Jacek Rotmil. The film was based on a novel by Rudolf Herzog. It premiered in Berlin on February 11, 1926.

Jacek Rotmil
Jacek Rotmil (1888–1944) was a Russian-born art director and production designer who worked on 100 films during his career Following the First World War, Rotmil entered the booming German film industry and worked prolifically until 1933. Following the Nazi rise to power, Rotmil went into exile in Poland where he was employed frequently on Polish and Yiddish productions. He had first become involved in the Polish film industry in 1930 when working on the sound version of the Polish film Exile to Siberia in Berlin.

After the Germans took over Poland in 1939, Rotmil went into hiding. He was later arrested and executed in Pawiak prison shortly before the Warsaw Uprising. He was one of many Polish film personnel to die during the Second World War.
Battle of Steenbergen (1583)
The Battle of Steenbergen, also known as the Capture of Steenbergen of 1583, took place on 17 June 1583 at Steenbergen, Duchy of Brabant, Spanish Netherlands (present-day North Brabant, the Netherlands). This was an important victory for the Spanish Army of Flanders led by Don Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma (Spanish: Alejandro Farnesio), Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands, over the combined army of Dutch and French led by the French Marshal Armand de Gontaut, Baron de Biron, and the English commander Sir John Norreys, during the Eighty Years' War, and in the context of the French Wars of Religion. The victory of the Spaniards ended the Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours, and Francis, Duke of Anjou (French: François de France), left the Netherlands in late June.

Bergen op Zoom
Bergen op Zoom (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌbɛrɣə(n) ɔp ˈsoːm] ⓘ; called Berrege [ˈbɛrəɣə] in the local dialect) is a city and municipality in southwestern Netherlands. It is located in the province of North Brabant, at the provincial border with Zeeland. In 2025, the municipality had a population of 70,216.
William of the White Hands
William of the White Hands (French: Guillaume aux Blanches Mains; 1135–1202), also called William White Hands, was a French cardinal.

William was born in Brosse, Île-de-France, France. He was a son of Theobald the Great, Count of Blois and Count of Champagne, and Matilda of Carinthia.

William served as Bishop of Chartres in 1165, Archbishop of Sens (1169–1176), Archbishop of Reims (1175–1202), and the first Peer of France to bear that title. He anointed his nephew, Philip II of France, as co-king on 1 November 1179 in Rheims. Pope Alexander III created him Cardinal Priest of Santa Sabina in March 1179; as such, he signed the papal bulls between 8 April 1179 and 23 December 1201. He died on 7 September 1202.

William was portrayed by actor Liam O'Callaghan in the 1978 BBC TV drama series The Devil's Crown.

The Devil's Crown
The Devil's Crown is a BBC television series which dramatised the reigns of three medieval Kings of England: Henry II and his sons Richard I and John. It is also known as La couronne du Diable in French.

The series was written by Jack Russell and Ken Taylor. It was shown in the United Kingdom in thirteen 55-minute episodes between 30 April and 23 July 1978.

Despite being well-regarded overall, it is nowadays considered to be a lost series since it is not easily accessible to view. A full set of tape copies exist at the British Film Institute, where they can be viewed on request.
It has never been released on DVD and is not free to view on any official streaming platforms. The only way to legally view the show is a French dubbed version, called "La couronne du Diable", which is available as a paid download.
Abune Antonios
Abune Antonios (Tigrinya: ኣቡነ ኣንጦንዮስ; 11 July 1929 – 9 February 2022) was the third Patriarch of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church. He was deposed by the Synod of Asmara in 2006, and was placed under house arrest thereafter.

Tigrinya language
Tigrinya, sometimes romanized according to Italian spelling rules as Tigrigna, is an Ethio-Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is primarily spoken by the Tigrinya and Tigrayan peoples, native to Eritrea and to the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, respectively. It is also spoken by the global diaspora of these regions.
Jüri Nuut
Jüri Nuut (also Jüri Nuth; 10 July 1892 Peterburi – 31 May 1952 Tallinn) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of VI Riigikogu (its National Council). He was a member of the Riigikogu since 24 October 1939. He replaced Paul Nikolai Kogerman.

6th Riigikogu
The 6th Riigikogu was the sixth legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after the 1938 elections (held on 24–25 February 1938). It sat between 7 April 1938 and 5 July 1940, after which the Soviet Union occupied Estonia for the first time. Estonia's previous unicameral parliamentary system had been suspended in 1934 and formally dissolved in 1937; on 1 January 1938, the country's Third Constitution came into force, creating a bicameral National Assembly, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies (Riigivolikogu) and the National Council (Riiginõukogu). These were de facto dissolved when the Soviet Union occupied Estonia and established the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Charles Fielding
Captain Charles Fielding (2 July 1738 – 11 January 1783) was a Royal Navy officer who was the initiator of the affair of Fielding and Bylandt in the run-up to the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War. He attained the rank of Commodore and died of gangrene after being wounded in action during the Battle of Cape Spartel, commanding HMS Ganges.

Captain (Royal Navy)
Captain (Capt.) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy. It ranks above commander and below commodore and has a NATO ranking code of OF-5.  The rank is equivalent to a colonel in the British Army and Royal Marines, and to a group captain in the Royal Air Force.  There are similarly named equivalent ranks in the navies of many other countries.
High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire
This is a list of High Sheriffs of Pembrokeshire.  The High Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the High Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. The High Sheriff is reappointed in March of each year.

Picton Castle
Picton Castle (Welsh: Castell Pictwn) is a medieval castle near Haverfordwest in the community of Uzmaston, Boulston and Slebech, Pembrokeshire, Wales. Originally built at the end of the 13th century by a Flemish knight, it later came into the hands of Sir John Wogan. The castle and gardens are now owned and managed by the Picton Castle Trust, a registered charity, for the benefit of the public. It is of unusual construction and has been remodelled several times during its history. The castle is a Grade I listed building and its gardens and park are designated at Grade II* on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.
Rendum Rendum Anju
Rendum Rendum Anju (transl. Two plus two is five) is a 1988 Indian Tamil-language psychological thriller film directed and co-written by Jayabharathi. The film stars Sarath Babu and Ambika, with Chandrasekhar, Nassar, Vennira Aadai Moorthy, Senthil and Leo Prabhu in supporting roles. It was released on 3 June 1988.

Jayabharathi (director)
Jayabharathi (1946 or 1947 – 6 December 2024) was an Indian film director and screenwriter who worked on Tamil films. Regarded as one of the pioneers of alternate cinema in the Tamil film industry, Jayabharathi directed nine films across five decades.
Down Area A
Down Area A was one of the three district electoral areas in Down, Northern Ireland which existed from 1973 to 1985. The district elected seven members to Down District Council, and formed part of the South Down constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1973 local elections, and contained the wards of Ballymaglave, Crossgar, Derryboy, Killyleagh, Kilmore, Market and Saintfield. It was abolished for the 1985 local elections and replaced by the Rowallane DEA and part of the Ballynahinch DEA.

South Down (UK Parliament constituency)
South Down is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons. The seat covers the Mourne Mountains, and Downpatrick to the north. It has a short border with the Republic of Ireland to the south. The MP since 2017 is Chris Hazzard of Sinn Féin.
Zeuxis Choosing the Most Beautiful Women from Croton as His Models
Zeuxis Choosing the Most Beautiful Women from Croton as His Models is a 1789 history painting by the French artist François-André Vincent. Neoclassical in style, it depicts the Ancient Greek painter Zeuxis selecting an model from the women of the settlement of Crotone in Magna Graecia to pose as Helen of Troy. The scene is based on the writings of Pliny. Vincent had emerged as one of the outstanding artists of Ancien Regime France since the Salon of 1783.

The work appeared at both the Salon of 1789 and the Salon of 1791 held at the Louvre in Paris. Today it is in the collection of the Louvre. Another smaller, version of the painting is in the collection of the Cantor Arts Center of Stanford University in California.

Model (art)
An art model is a person who poses, often nude, for visual artists as part of the creative process, providing a reference for the human body in a work of art. The importance of the human figure in Western art begins with the Ancient Greeks, which was rediscovered in the Renaissance, art modelling then becoming an occupation. With few exceptions, models remained anonymous until the 19th century.

Modern nude models have most often been employees of art schools, and paid by the hour to pose. As an occupation, modeling requires the often strenuous 'physical work' of holding poses for the required length of time, the 'aesthetic work' of performing a variety of interesting poses, and the 'emotional work' of maintaining a socially ambiguous role. While the role of nude models is well-established as a necessary part of artistic practice, public nudity remains transgressive, and models may be vulnerable to stigmatization or exploitation.: 1
August Roosileht
August Roosileht (26 February 1887 in Einmani Parish, Järva County – 8 (or 9) August 1941 in Paide) was an Estonian graphic artist.

From 1906 to 1907 he studied at Saint Petersburg Stieglitz State Academy of Art and Design. From 1908 to 1910 at München, and from 1910 to 1912 again at St. Petersburg. Since 1919 he taught at Paide.

In 1909 he participated in the first time at a group exhibition in Tartu.

He was a member of the Estonian Artists' Union.

Saint Petersburg Stieglitz State Academy of Art and Design
59°56′36″N 30°20′27″E﻿ / ﻿59.9433°N 30.3408°E﻿ / 59.9433; 30.3408

The Saint Petersburg Stieglitz State Academy of Art and Design (Russian: Санкт-Петербургская художественно-промышленная академия имени А. Л. Штиглица; abbreviated as СПГХПА) is the oldest school of design in Russia. It occupies a parcel of land immediately to the east of the Summer Garden in Saint Petersburg.
Fuyuansaurus
Fuyuansaurus is an extinct genus of "protorosaur" reptiles (probably part of Tanystropheidae) known from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian stage) Zhuganpo Formation of southern China. Fuyuansaurus was first named by Nicholas C. Fraser, Olivier Rieppel and Li Chun in 2013 and the type species is Fuyuansaurus acutirostris.

This genus is known from a single partial skeleton, IVPP V17983. This skeleton includes part of the skull, most of the neck, and portions of the trunk, shoulder girdle, and hip. Fuyuansaurus can be distinguished from other "protorosaurs" by its elongated and slender snout. Like Tanystropheus, it possessed an elongated neck, but it differs from most tanystropheids in the structure of its hip. Nevertheless, Ezcurra and Butler classified it as a tanystropheid in 2018, as did Spiekman et al. in 2021.

Ladinian
The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch. It spans the time between 241.464 Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago). The Ladinian was preceded by the Anisian and succeeded by the Carnian (part of the Upper or Late Triassic).

The Ladinian is coeval with the Falangian regional stage used in China.
Oldman (king)
Oldman (died 1687), King of the Mosquito Nation from c. 1650 until his death in 1687, was the son of a Miskito leader. This earlier king went to England, according to a memorial left in Jamaica by one of his descendants, during the reign of Charles I (1625–1649) but during the time when the Providence Island Company was operating in the region (c. 1631–1641). He was followed by another visitor, alleged to be a "prince" of the same group.

According to the testimony of his son Jeremy I, as recorded in 1699 by an English witness called W. M., Oldman was taken to England and received in audience by "his brother king", Charles II "soon after the conquest of Jamaica" (1655). He was given a lace hat as a sort of crown and a written commission "to kindly use and relieve such straggling Englishmen as should chance to come that way".

He was succeeded in 1687 by his son, Jeremy I.

Providence Island Company
The Providence Company or Providence Island Company was an English chartered company founded in 1629 by a group of Puritan investors including Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick in order to establish the Providence Island colony on Providence Island, nowadays part of San Andrés y Providencia Department of Colombia.

English settlers were sent to the colonies to run plantations. The colonies also functioned as a base for privateers operating against Spanish ships and settlements in the region. Colonists had to pay one fifth of the plunder to the Company. The colonies were destroyed by the Spanish and Portuguese in 1641.