hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Applicative programming language
In the classification of programming languages, an applicative programming language is built out of functions applied to arguments. Applicative languages are functional, and applicative is often used as a synonym for functional. However, concatenative languages can be functional, while not being applicative.

The semantics of applicative languages are based on beta reduction of terms, and Side effect such as mutation of state are not permitted.

Lisp and ML are applicative programming languages.

Semantics (programming languages)
In programming language theory, semantics is the rigorous mathematical logic study of the meaning of programming languages. Semantics assigns computational meaning to valid strings in a programming language syntax. It is closely related to, and often crosses over with, the semantics of mathematical proofs.

Semantics describes the processes a computer follows when executing a program in that specific language. This can be done by describing the relationship between the input and output of a program, or giving an explanation of how the program will be executed on a certain platform, thereby creating a model of computation.
South Florida Bulls men's basketball
The South Florida Bulls men's basketball team represents the University of South Florida in NCAA Division I basketball competition, where they are currently a member of the American Conference. Bryan Hodgson is the head coach after Amir Abdur-Rahim died unexpectedly. The Bulls play their home games at the 10,500 seat Yuengling Center on USF's campus in Tampa, Florida. USF has won two conference championships and has reached the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament 3 times in their history (1990, 1992, and 2012), with their best finish coming in 2012 when they made the round of 32.

University of South Florida Athletic Hall of Fame
28°3′38″N 82°24′18″W﻿ / ﻿28.06056°N 82.40500°W﻿ / 28.06056; -82.40500The University of South Florida Athletic Hall of Fame was established in 2009 to recognize and perpetuate the memory of student athletes, teams, coaches and administrators who have made demonstrably outstanding and significant contributions to the success, tradition and heritage of USF Athletics, and who demonstrate the character and values that define the highest principles of sport. Induction in the University of South Florida Athletic Hall of Fame is the highest honor afforded by the USF Athletics Department.

The Hall of Fame is located within the Lee Roy Selmon Athletic Center on USF's Tampa campus.
Leandro Teófilo
Leandro Teófilo Santos Pinto (born May 3, 1981) is a Brazilian football player who plays as a midfielder.

He was recently playing for Malaysia Premier League club Sime Darby F.C., which he joined in April 2012. He was released at the end of the season.

Before joining Sime Darby, he played for Armenian club Gandzasar F.C. He also has played for clubs in Vietnam, Sweden, Albania as well as his native Brazil. Now he plays in Sweden for the division three club IFK Åmål in Dalsland, Västra Götaland.

FC Gandzasar Kapan
FC Gandzasar Kapan is an Armenian football club based in the town of Kapan, Syunik Province. The team plays in Armenian Premier League. The club headquarters are located on 18 Garegin Nzhdeh street, Kapan. The Gandzasar Kapan Training Centre is located at the eastern outskirts of the town of Kapan.

The club is under the ownership of Zangezur Copper and Molybdenum Combine Closed Joint-Stock Company since 25 February 2015.
Jimmy Malone
James Malone (born 1954 in Cleveland, Ohio) is a radio personality and stand-up comedian based in Cleveland, Ohio, who co-hosts the morning drive time show on WNIR 100.1 FM in Kent, Ohio. He previously hosted a weekday show heard on iHeart's WTAM 1100 AM/106.9 FM in Cleveland until August 13, 2024 when he was fired as part of a cost-cutting plan by iHeartmedia.

He is best known the longtime co-host of the morning show on WMJI alongside John Lanigan, with whom he won a 2005 Marconi Award for Large Market Personality.

IHeartRadio
iHeartRadio (often shortened to iHeart) is the flagship brand of iHeartMedia, an American mass media company. First used in August 2008 to market Clear Channel Communications' freemium radio and music streaming service, the umbrella brand was progressively broadened to encompass Clear Channel's national radio network and other consumer-facing ventures, culminating with Clear Channel itself rebranding as iHeartMedia in 2014. Its main radio competitors are Audacy, TuneIn and Sirius XM.
USS Restorer
USS Restorer (ARS-17) was an Anchor-class rescue and salvage ship commissioned by the U.S. Navy during World War II. Her task was to come to the aid of stricken vessels.

Restorer (ARS-17) was laid down by Snow Shipyards, Inc., Rockland, Maine, 25 March 1942; launched 24 October 1942; sponsored by Mrs. Jessica C. Moore; and commissioned 6 October 1943.

Rockland, Maine
Rockland is a city in and the county seat of Knox County, Maine,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 6,936. The city is a popular tourist destination. It is a departure point for the Maine State Ferry Service to the islands of Penobscot Bay: Vinalhaven, North Haven and Matinicus.
Woodland Run
Woodland Run is a wooden roller coaster at the Kentucky Kingdom in Louisville, Kentucky. The ride opened as Thunder Run in August 1990 and operated until October 2009, when the park was abandoned by its then-operators, Six Flags. After being closed since 2009, the roller coaster reopened with Kentucky Kingdom under new operators in May 2014.

The ride was manufactured by Dinn Corporation and designed by Curtis D. Summers and John Fetterman. With 2,850 feet (870 m) of track, Woodland Run stands 90 feet (27 m) tall and features a top speed of 53 miles per hour (85 km/h).

Dinn Corporation
Dinn Corporation was a roller coaster designing and manufacturing company established in West Chester, Ohio, in 1983 by Charles Dinn. The company is noted for moving and rebuilding several existing wooden coasters and building ten new wooden roller coasters in the United States.
Oskar Tork
Oskar Tork (6 June 1895, Ahja Parish (now Põlva Parish), Kreis Dorpat – 24 March 1930, Tartu) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the IV Riigikogu. After his death, he was replaced by Karl Kanep.

Tartu kreis
Tartu kreis (German: Kreis Dorpat; Russian: Дерптский уезд, romanized: Derptskiy uyezd, 1893–1918: Юрьевский уезд, romanized: Yur'yevskiy uyezd)  was one of the nine subdivisions of the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northeastern part of the governorate (in present-day eastern Estonia). Its capital was Tartu (Dorpat). The territory of Kreis Dorpat corresponds to the present-day Tartu County, most of Jõgeva County, parts of Põlva and Valga counties and a small part of Ida-Viru County.
David Reid of Robertland, Baron of Robertland
David John Wilson Reid of Robertland, Baron of Robertland (1929 – 20 December 1973) was a Scottish barrister, officer of arms and archivist.

Reid studied law at Trinity College, Cambridge and The Hague Academy of International Law. Between 1955 and 1973 he was archivist at the University of Glasgow, and he was a founder and chairman of the Business Archives Council of Scotland. He was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. In 1967 he was adopted as prospective parliamentary candidate for the Conservatives for the constituency of West Fife. Reid was Carrick Pursuivant of the Court of the Lord Lyon between January and December 1973. He held the Barony of Robertland in East Ayrshire.

He married Diana Rosamond Angell, secretary of the Baronetage of Scotland; their daughter Jonet Clemency Wilson Reid married Sir Edward Hunter-Blair, 8th Baronet.

Carrick Pursuivant
Carrick Pursuivant of Arms is a Scottish pursuivant of arms of the Court of the Lord Lyon.

The title is derived from the Earldom of Carrick, one of the titles borne by Robert the Bruce before his succession to the crown.  The arms of the Earldom are Argent, a chevron Gules, hence the chevron in the pursuivant's badge. The earliest known reference to the office is from 1364.

The badge is blazoned: A chevron Gules enfiled of a coronet of four fleurs-de-lys (two visible) and four crosses pattee (one and two halves visible) Or.

The current Carrick Pursuivant is Professor Gillian Black. She took part in the Royal Procession at the 2023 Coronation in her previous role of Linlithgow Pursuivant alongside her predecessor as Carrick Pursuivant George Way of Plean.
Belgica metro station
Belgica is a Brussels Metro station on the northern branch of line 6. It is located in the municipality of Jette, in the north-west of Brussels, Belgium. The station received its name from the aboveground Boulevard Belgica/Belgicalaan, itself named in honour of RV Belgica, the ship that carried the first Belgian polar expedition to the Antarctic in 1897.

The metro station opened on 6 October 1982 as part of the Beekkant–Bockstael extension of former line 1A. Then, following the reorganisation of the Brussels Metro on 4 April 2009, it is served by line 6.

In May 2024, Brussels Mobility and the Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company (STIB/MIVB) applied for a permit to build a new tram line connecting Belgica with Brussels-North railway station.

RV Belgica (1884)
Belgica was a barque-rigged steamship that was built in 1884 by Christian Brinch Jørgensen at Svelvik, Norway as the whaler Patria. In 1896, she was purchased by Adrien de Gerlache for conversion to a research ship, taking part in the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1901, becoming the first ship to overwinter in the Antarctic. In 1902, she was sold to Philippe, Duke of Orléans and used on expeditions to the Arctic in 1905 and from 1907 to 1909.

In 1916, she was sold and converted to a passenger and cargo ship, serving Spitsbergen from the Norwegian mainland under the name Isfjord. In 1918, she was sold and renamed Belgica, being converted to a factory ship. Requisitioned by the British in April 1940, she was used as a depôt ship, being scuttled when the Franco-British Expeditionary Force evacuated Harstad in northern Norway. In 2007, plans to build a modern replica of Belgica were announced.
Summerfield, Texas
Summerfield is an unincorporated community in northwestern Castro County, Texas, United States.  It lies along U.S. Route 60 northwest of the city of Dimmitt, the county seat of Castro County.  Its elevation is 3,937 feet (1,200 m).  Although Summerfield is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 79085.

Summerfield was founded as Boom in the late 1890s; it was renamed for surveyor John Summerfield in 1907 because there was another Texas community named Boom.  The community was built along the Pecos & Northern Texas Railway, near Castro Creek and the Deaf Smith and Parmer county lines.

As of 2020, it has a population of less than 100.

Parmer County, Texas
Parmer County is a county located in the southwestern Texas Panhandle on the High Plains of the Llano Estacado in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 9,869. The county seat is Farwell. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1907. It is named in honor of Martin Parmer, a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and early judge. Parmer County was one of 10 prohibition, or entirely dry, counties in the state of Texas, but is now a wet county.
The Grand Illusion (song)
"The Grand Illusion" is a song written by Dennis DeYoung that was released as the title track of Styx's 1977 album The Grand Illusion. Not only is it the title track, but it provides the theme of the entire album. Although not released as a commercial single, it received significant radio airplay.

Dennis DeYoung
Dennis DeYoung (born February 18, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter and keyboardist. He was a founding member of the rock band Styx and served as its primary lead vocalist and keyboardist from 1972 until 1999. DeYoung was the band's most prolific and successful writer, having been credited as the writer of more Styx songs than any other band member. DeYoung penned seven of the band's eight Billboard top 10 singles as well as a solo top 10 single.
Eye-rolling
Eye-rolling is a gesture in which a person briefly turns their eyes upward, often in an arcing motion from one side to the other. In the Anglosphere, it has been identified as a passive-aggressive response to an undesirable situation or person. The gesture is used to disagree or dismiss or express contempt for the targeted person without physical contact.

Anglosphere
The Anglosphere, also known as the Anglo-American world, is a sphere of influence among Anglophone countries. The core group of this sphere of influence comprises five developed countries that maintain close social, cultural, political, economic, and military ties with each other: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Anglosphere countries are generally aligned with each other on global issues and collaborate extensively in matters of security, as exemplified by alliances like Five Eyes. The core countries of the Anglosphere are either NATO members or designated by the United States as major non-NATO allies.
Democratic National Union of Kurdistan
Democratic National Union of Kurdistan (Kurdish: یەکێتی نەتەوەیی دیموکراتی کوردستان, romanized: Yekîtî Neteweyî Dîmukratî Kurdistan, abbreviated as YNDK) is a political party that is based in South Kurdistan.It was founded in 1996 by Ghafur Makhmuri. Its main goal is to establish independence for the greater Kurdistan. The party was part of the Kurdistani List in the 2005 elections and received 1 seat in the Kurdistani parliament.

On 11 November 2023, the party held its 6th congress, where over 200 members were reportedly present. At the congress, Makhmuri said to a journalist that Kurdistan would be in a difficult situation and that the different Kurdish parties would have to cooperate and help each other.

For the 2024 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election, the party joined an electoral alliance together with the Kurdistan Conservative Party and the Kurdistan Laborers' Party. The alliance is called Serdem Coalition.

2024 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election
The 2024 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election was held on 20 October 2024. Seats to the Kurdistan Region Parliament were elected. The results of the elections were announced on 21 October 2024, by the Independent High Electoral Commission in Baghdad.
Lochan Buidhe
Lochan Buidhe is a small freshwater loch located on the Cairngorm Plateau in the eastern Highlands of Scotland.
At over 1,120 m (3,670 ft) above sea level, it is the highest named body of water in the British Isles.

The loch and its primary outflow, Feith Buidhe were the site of the 1971 Cairngorm Plateau disaster, in which a group of five school students and their leader died of exposure after being stranded in the open for two nights in a blizzard.

Loch
Loch (/lɒx/ LOKH) is a word meaning "lake" or "sea inlet" in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, subsequently borrowed into English. In Irish contexts, it often appears in the anglicized form "lough". A small loch is sometimes called a lochan. Lochs which connect to the sea may be called "sea lochs" or "sea loughs".
Tate C. Page
Tate Cromwell "Piney" Page (January 6, 1908 – May 19, 1984) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky from 1938 to 1941 and at Central Missouri State College—now known as the University of Central Missouri—from 1948 to 1951, compiling a career college football coaching record of 23–43–5. Page was the head coach for Central Missouri State during the famous 1951 Central Missouri State vs. Southwestern football game in which a team rejected a touchdown awarded by the game officials. He was later dean of the College of Education at Western Kentucky University. Page graduated from Arkansas Tech University in 1930 and was a football letter-winner at Tulane University in 1933.

Arkansas Tech University
Arkansas Tech University (ATU) is a public university in Russellville, Arkansas, United States. The university offers programs at both baccalaureate and graduate levels in a range of fields. The Arkansas Tech University–Ozark Campus, a two-year satellite campus in the town of Ozark, primarily focuses on associate and certificate education.
Ivan Shuvalov
Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov (Russian: Иван Иванович Шувалов; 1 November 1727 – 26 November 1797) was called the Maecenas (patron) of the Russian Enlightenment, the first Russian Minister of Education and Active Privy Councillor (1773). Russia's first theatre, university, and academy of arts were instituted with his active participation. A favorite of Elizaveta Petrovna of Russia and a friend of the scientist M.V. Lomonosov.

Gaius Maecenas
Gaius Cilnius Maecenas ([ˈɡaːiʊs̠ ˈkɪɫ̪niʊs̠ mae̯ˈkeːnaːs̠] 13 April 68 BC – 8 BC) was a friend and political advisor to Octavian (who later reigned as emperor Augustus). He was also an important patron for the new generation of Augustan poets, including both Horace and Virgil. In many languages, his name is an eponym for "patron of arts".

During the reign of Augustus, Maecenas served as a quasi-culture minister to the Roman emperor but in spite of his wealth and power he chose not to enter the Senate, remaining of equestrian rank.
1965 NCAA University Division golf championship
The 1965 NCAA University Division Golf Championship was the 27th annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States.

The tournament was held at the Holston Hills Country Club in Knoxville, Tennessee, hosted by the University of Tennessee.

Defending champions Houston won the team title, the Cougars' eighth NCAA team national title.

This was the first NCAA tournament decided by stroke play and the first without a tournament medalist.

Holston Hills Country Club
Holston Hills Country Club (Holston Hills C.C.) is located in Knoxville, Tennessee.  The clubhouse was built in 1927 and designed by the firm, Barber & McMurry. The golf course was designed by Donald Ross. Following its construction, it was recognized as the finest course in the state and hosted all the important regional events.  Holston Hills C.C. is one of Ross's most famous designs  and is widely considered to be one of the more untouched Donald Ross designs left in the United States.  In 2010, Holston Hills C.C. was ranked no. 52  on the Golfweek top 100 classic courses in the United States.

In 1968, Holston Hills hosted the Rebel Yell Open, a PGA Tour satellite event played opposite The Masters. The club also hosted another PGA Tour event, the Knoxville Invitational, for two years in the 1940s.

Holston Hills lies beside the Holston River.

As of 2016 Holston Hills Country Club is owned and operated by McConnell Golf.  McConnell Golf is based in Raleigh NC.
Terslev
Terslev is a village, with a population of 939 (1 January 2025), in Region Zealand in Denmark. It is located 7 km north of Haslev just south of the tripoint between the municipalities of Køge, Ringsted and Faxe.

Terslev Church dates back to the 12th century and is one of the oldest churches in Denmark. The church was restored by architects Johannes and Inger Exner in 1978–79.

In 1911, when some boys were digging up a garden in Terslev, they came across a silver treasure, of mostly Arab and Persian origin, from the Viking Age.

Faxe Municipality
Faxe Municipality (Danish: Faxe Kommune) is a kommune in Denmark in the Region Sjælland on the island of Zealand. The municipality covers an area of 406 km2 and has a population of 37,820 (2025). Its mayor as of January 2018 is Ole Vive. He is a member of the agrarian liberal Venstre political party.

On 1 January 2007 Faxe municipality, as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), came into existence by merging the three former municipalities of Haslev, Fakse, and Rønnede.
Kromelmboogspruit
Kromelmboogspruit (Afrikaans for 'crooked elbow stream') is a tributary of the Vaal River in the Free State, which is part of the Orange River drainage basin. It is found near Heilbron and flows upwards in a north-westerly direction to drain into the Vaal between Parys and Sasolburg.

Parys
Parys (pronounced /ˈpɑːreɪs/) is a resort town in northern Free State province, South Africa. It is situated on the southern bank of the Vaal River. The name is the Afrikaans translation of Paris. The origin of the name 'Parys' is attributed to German surveyor Schilbach, who named it after the city of Paris because of the similarity between its location next to the Vaal River and that of Paris on the River Seine. The area of Parys also includes the two townships of Tumahole and Schonkenville.
Ridin' on the Blinds
Ridin' on the Blinds is the second and final album by the folk-rock trio of Rick Danko, Jonas Fjeld and Eric Andersen, released in 1994.

Among the tracks are tributes to Paul Butterfield ("Every Man Is His Own Hero") and Richard Manuel ("All Creation"), covers of the Band's "Twilight" and Tom Paxton's "Bottle of Wine", and a duet between Andersen and guest vocalist Kirsten Berg on Richard Thompson's "Dimming of the Day".

The group also covered songs from their respective solo careers, including Andersen's "Come Runnin' Like a Friend", "Lie with Me", and "Baby, I'm Lonesome", and Fjeld's "Your Eyes".

There were plans for a third album, but Rick Danko's 1997 arrest for drug possession put these plans on hold temporarily. After Danko's December 1999 death, these plans were put permanently to rest. The remaining duo toured with Danko's bandmate Garth Hudson in 2001 behind the expanded reissue of their debut, and no further albums have come.

Richard Manuel
Richard George Manuel (April 3, 1943 – March 4, 1986) was a Canadian musician, singer, and songwriter, best known as a pianist and one of three lead singers in the Band, for which he was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.

Manuel's singing alternated between a soul-influenced baritone that drew frequent comparisons to Ray Charles and a delicate falsetto. Though The Band had three vocalists sharing lead and harmony parts, Manuel was sometimes seen as the group's primary vocalist.
Van Musschenbroek vacuum pump
The van Musschenbroek vacuum pump is an instrument from the late 17th century constructed by the Dutch craftsman Johannes Joosten van Musschenbroek. A series of pumps were designed and produced over the years, with the 1698-model as one of the more prominent examples. It was based on an air pump design by Wolferdus Senguerdius. This model was used to study fluids (gas or liquid) at the University of Groningen. The pump enabled physical, chemical and medical experiments to give a more illustrative explanation of the scientific theories that were presented to the students of the university. This use of experimental demonstrations during teaching was relatively new in Europe at the time.

The instrument is currently part of the collection at the University Museum of Groningen in the Netherlands.

University of Groningen
The University of Groningen (abbreviated as UG; Dutch: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, abbreviated as RUG) is a public research university of more than 30,000 students in the city of Groningen, Netherlands. Founded in 1614, the university is the second oldest in the country (after Leiden).

The University of Groningen has eleven faculties, nine graduate schools, 27 research centres and institutes, and more than 175-degree programmes. The university's alumni and faculty include Johann Bernoulli, Aletta Jacobs, four Nobel Prize winners, nine Spinoza Prize winners, one Stevin Prize winner, various members of the Dutch royal family, several politicians, the first president of the European Central Bank, and a secretary general of NATO.