hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Horfield, Victoria
Horfield is a locality in the Shire of Gannawarra and the Shire of Loddon, Victoria, Australia, 267 kilometres (166 mi) north west of the state capital, Melbourne. At the 2016 census, Horfield had a population of 91.

Shire of Gannawarra
The Shire of Gannawarra is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the northern part of the state. It covers an area of 3,735 square kilometres (1,442 sq mi) and, in August 2021 had a population of 10,683. It includes the towns of Cohuna, Kerang, Koondrook, Leitchville and Quambatook.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Gannawarra Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Kerang, it also has a service centre located in Cohuna.

The Shire is named after the locality of Gannawarra, roughly equidistant from the two main towns, which is in turn named for a 19th-century pastoral run. The underlying meaning of the name is variously given as "running water" or "geese".
Minichinas Hills
The Minichinas Hills are a group of hills located in east-central parkland region of Saskatchewan, Canada.  The hills are covered with forests of poplar and willows; moreover, there are also some prairie and small lakes.  There are many animals that live in and around these hills such as moose, elk, hawks, bald eagles, geese, ducks and lynx; cougars and black bears have also been spotted.  The hills are an important breeding ground for birds that migrate to the southern United States.  There are several partnerships between Ducks Unlimited Inc, The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Ducks Unlimited Canada to help preserve this area. These hills start from the south, near Kenaston and continue north-east toward Dana, then stop to the north at St. Isidore-de-Bellevue which is a distance of about 100 kilometres.

Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (/ˈpɒplər/ ⓘ), aspen, and cottonwood.

The western balsam poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.
Martti Simojoki
Martti Ilmari Simojoki, previously Simelius (17 September 1908 in Uusikaupunki – 25 April 1999 in Helsinki) was the Archbishop of Turku, and the spiritual head of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland between 1964 and 1978. Simojoki became the first bishop of the Diocese of Helsinki that was established in 1959.

Simojoki is known for his criticism of Hannu Salama's book Juhannustanssit in 1964, which led to author's conviction for blasphemy.

He is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.

Hannu Salama
Hannu Sulo Salama (born 4 October 1936), also known by his pen name Aki Rautala, is a Finnish author known for his working-class themes. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1969 and 1973.
Ibadullah Khan
Ibadullah Khan (Urdu: عباد اللہ خان; born 15 November 1974) is a Pakistani politician who is serving as Opposition leader in the Khyber pakhtunkhwa provincial assembly. He was joint candidate of PML-N, PPP, JUI-F, PTI-P and ANP for Chief Minister of KPK in 2024 election. He had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2013 till August 2018 and again from 2018 to 2023. He was the Parliamentary Secretary for Planning Development and special initiative in Nawaz Sharif Government and he was Chairman of Standing Committee on Communications in National Assembly from April 2019 till August 2023. He has been member of provincial assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa since 29 February 2024.

Ministry of Communications (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Communications (Urdu: وزارت مواصلات; reporting name: MoCom), is a Cabinet-level ministry of the Pakistani Government responsible for analysing, formulating and implementing central policy on communications and transportation. It is one of the oldest ministries, created on 14 August 1947. The Ministry of Communications has jurisdiction over telegraph and telephone communications as well as public radio, technical means of radio and television broadcasting and the distribution of periodicals. The Ministry and its political executive, the Communications Minister, are headquartered in the Cabinet Secretariat, Islamabad Capital Venue. The Communications Minister is a public appointee who must be a member of Parliament.
Department of the Lakes
The Department of the Lakes was a military department of the United States Army that existed from 1866 to 1873 and again from 1898 to 1913.  It was subordinate to the Military Division of the Atlantic and comprised posts in the Midwestern United States as the successor to the Northern Department and the Department of the Ohio.

Department of the Ohio
The Department of the Ohio was an administrative military district created by the United States War Department early in the American Civil War to administer the troops in the Northern states near the Ohio River.
2000 AAPT Championships
The 2000 Next Generation Adelaide International was a men's ATP tennis tournament held in Adelaide, Australia and played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament and was held from 3 January until 9 January 2000. Lleyton Hewitt won his first title of the year and the 3rd of his career.

Australian Hard Court Championships
The Australian Hard Court Championships was a former professional tennis tournament established in 1938 and held until 2008. The event was played on clay courts until 1977 when it switched to hard courts. The tournament was a combined event for men and women until the end of the 1980s. In 2009, Tennis Australia merged the separate men's and women's tournaments into a new combined tournament called the Brisbane International.
History of software engineering
The history of software engineering begins around the 1960s. Writing software has evolved into a profession concerned with how best to maximize the quality of software and of how to create it. Quality can refer to how maintainable software is, to its stability, speed, usability, testability, readability, size, cost, security, and number of flaws or "bugs", as well as to less measurable qualities like elegance, conciseness, and customer satisfaction, among many other attributes. How best to create high quality software is a separate and controversial problem covering software design principles, so-called "best practices" for writing code, as well as broader management issues such as optimal team size, process, how best to deliver software on time and as quickly as possible, work-place "culture", hiring practices, and so forth. All this falls under the broad rubric of software engineering.

Therac-25
The Therac-25 was a computer-controlled radiation therapy machine produced by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) in 1982 after the Therac-6 (neptune) and Therac-20 units (the earlier units had been produced in partnership with Compagnie générale de radiologie (CGR) of France).

The Therac-25 was involved in at least six accidents between 1985 and 1987, in which some patients were given massive overdoses of radiation.: 425  Because of concurrent programming errors (also known as race conditions), it sometimes gave its patients radiation doses that were hundreds of times greater than normal, resulting in death or serious injury. These accidents highlighted the dangers of software control of safety-critical systems.

The Therac-25 has become a case study in health informatics, software engineering, and computer ethics. The incidents highlight the dangers of engineer overconfidence: page428  after the engineers dismissed end user reports, leading to severe consequences.
Nsi Kwilu
Nsi Kwilu is a modern Kikongo respelling of "Essiquilu" the term used by the Italian Capuchin missionary Girolamo da Montesarchio in 1650 for the territory along the Kwilu River near Matadi in the modern-day Democratic Republic of Congo.

Jean Cuvelier determined this spelling, which means, in Kikongo, "the country of Kwilu".  According to Montesarchio, it was in Nsi Kwilu that the first kings of Kongo reigned before they became the rulers of a great kingdom that controlled the northern part of modern-day Angola in the fifteenth century. It was an old religious centre, with rock engravings dating back to the 6th century.: 26

Matadi
Matadi is the chief sea port of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the capital of the Kongo Central province, adjacent to the border with Angola.It had a population of 245,862 (2004). Matadi is situated on the left bank of the Congo River, 148 km (92 mi) from the mouth and 8 km (5.0 mi) below the last navigable point before the rapids that make the river impassable for a long stretch upriver.
Nigawa Station
Nigawa Station (仁川駅, Nigawa-eki, station number: HK-25) is a passenger railway station  located in the city of  Takarazuka Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Hankyu Railway. It is located near JRA Hanshin Racecourse and Kwansei Gakuin University. It is also an entrance station to Mount Kabutoyama, the east end of the Rokkō Mountains.

ShinMaywa
ShinMaywa Industries, Ltd. (新明和工業株式会社, Shin-Meiwa Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese industrial conglomerate descended from the Kawanishi Aircraft Company. Founded as Shin Meiwa Industries in 1949, the company was rebranded as ShinMaywa during 1992. Prior to this, the company was also known as Shin Meiwa Industry co., Ltd. (SMIC).

ShinMaywa, headquartered in Takarazuka, Hyōgo Prefecture, is perhaps best known for its seaplanes, such as the Shin Meiwa US-1A amphibian, and its upgraded form, the ShinMaywa US-2. The company has also been involved in the international supply chain of aircraft manufacturers such as American Boeing corporation.
Louie Alas
Francisco Luis Evora Alas (born October 10, 1963) is a Filipino basketball coach. He is the head coach of the Zamboanga Family's Brand Sardines of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) since 2023 and the deputy assistant coach of the Ateneo Blue Eagles basketball team of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) since 2024. Alas was the former head coach of the Letran Knights in the National Collegiate Athletic Association, and Philippine Patriots in the ASEAN Basketball League. He was also a former coach of Mobiline from 2000 to 2001 in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).

Zamboanga Sikat
The Zamboanga Sikat Family's Brand Sardines (stylized as Zamboanga SiKAT), alternatively known as Sikat Zamboanga, is a Filipino professional basketball team based in Zamboanga City. The team currently competes in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) as a member of the league's South Division. The team plays its home games at Mayor Vitaliano D. Agan Coliseum.

The team was established in 2019 after splitting from the Zamboanga Valientes due to undisclosed management issues. The new team was then named the Zamboanga Family's Brand Sardines, and later renamed to Zamboanga Master Sardines in 2024. Universal Canning Inc. served as the team's title sponsor from 2019 to 2024.

The Zamboanga franchise is one of five teams based in Mindanao and the only one from the Zamboanga Peninsula region. They have also played in Filbasket and in the Chooks-to-Go Pilipinas 3x3.
Isla San Jerónimo
Isla San Jerónimo, is an island in the Pacific Ocean on the west side of the Baja California Peninsula. The island is part of the large Ensenada Municipality and accessed from Punta Baja near the community of El Rosario, Baja California.

Baja California peninsula
The Baja California peninsula (Spanish: Península de Baja California, lit. 'Lower California peninsula') is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. It separates the Gulf of California from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south.

With a length of 1,247 km (775 miles), its width ranges from 40 km (25 miles) at its narrowest to 320 km (200 miles) at its widest point and has approximately 3,000 km (1,900 miles) of coastline and approximately 65 islands. The total area of the Baja California peninsula is 143,390 km2 (55,360 sq mi).

The peninsula is separated from mainland Mexico by the Gulf of California and the Colorado River. There are four main desert areas on the peninsula: the San Felipe Desert, the Central Coast Desert, the Vizcaíno Desert, and the Magdalena Plain Desert.
Hydroselenide
A hydroselenide (or biselenide or selanide) is an ion or chemical compound containing the [SeH]− ion. The radical HSe is a pseudohalogen. Hydroselenide can be a ligand in transition metal complexes where it can be attached to a single atom, or bridge two atoms. The terms used in ligand naming are selanido, or hydrogenselenido.

Similar compounds include the hydrosulfides, and hydrotellurides. Related compounds include toxic hydrogen selenide gas, hydrodiselenides (HSeSe−) and the hydride selenides that do not have a bond between hydrogen and selenium.

Bisulfide
Bisulfide (or bisulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion with the chemical formula HS− (also written as SH−). It contributes no color to bisulfide salts, and its salts may have a distinctive putrid smell. It is a strong base. Bisulfide solutions are corrosive and attack the skin.

It is an important chemical reagent and an industrial chemical, mainly used in paper pulp industry (Kraft process), textiles, synthetic flavors, coloring brasses, and iron control.
Virotherapy
Virotherapy is a treatment using biotechnology to convert viruses into therapeutic agents by reprogramming viruses to treat diseases. There are three main branches of virotherapy: anti-cancer oncolytic viruses, viral vectors for gene therapy and viral immunotherapy. These branches use three different types of treatment methods: gene overexpression, gene knockout, and suicide gene delivery. Gene overexpression adds genetic sequences that compensate for low to zero levels of needed gene expression. Gene knockout uses RNA methods to silence or reduce expression of disease-causing genes. Suicide gene delivery introduces genetic sequences that induce an apoptotic response in cells, usually to kill cancerous growths. In a slightly different context, virotherapy can also refer more broadly to the use of viruses to treat certain medical conditions by killing pathogens.

Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system. Some portions of the immune system itself have immunosuppressive effects on other parts of the immune system, and immunosuppression may occur as an adverse reaction to treatment of other conditions.

In general, deliberately induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant. Additionally, it is used for treating graft-versus-host disease after a bone marrow transplant, or for the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's disease, or Crohn's disease. This is typically done using medications, but may involve surgery (splenectomy), plasmapheresis, or radiation. A person who is undergoing immunosuppression, or whose immune system is weak for some other reasons (such as chemotherapy or HIV), is said to be immunocompromised.
Shujaul Mulik
Shujaul Mulik was elected to represent Kunar Province in Afghanistan's Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of its National Legislature, in 2005.

A report on Kunar prepared at the Navy Postgraduate School stated that he had been a refugee in Pakistan.
It stated that he was a high school graduate who had run a free clinic  [sic].
It stated he sat on the internal security committee.

His ruling time witnessed peace and stability and he introduced appealing changes to his people.

Kunar Province
Kunar (Pashto: کونړ; Dari: کنر) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country. Its capital is Asadabad. The province has an estimated population of 544,839 people.

It is one of the four "N2KL" provinces (Nangarhar Province, Nuristan Province, Kunar Province and Laghman Province). N2KL was the designation used by the US and Coalition Forces in Afghanistan for the rugged region along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border opposite Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Kunar is the center of the N2KL region.

Kunar, along with Nuristan, was historically part of the border region known as Kafiristan (the "Land of the Kafirs" or "Land of the Infidels") and until a few decades ago, it was not considered an integral part of Afghanistan. Kunar is a sparsely populated, mountainous, forested border area.

A serious earthquake struck Kunar on 31 August 2025 at 11:47 pm local time, with damage especially bad in Nurgal District.
Energy bill
Energy bill might refer to:

The United States' Energy Policy Act of 1992

The United States' Energy Policy Act of 2005

or

The United Kingdom's 
Energy Act 2004
Energy Act 2010
Energy Bill 2012 - 2013

Energy Act 2004
The Energy Act 2004 (c. 20) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerned with nuclear power, renewable and sustainable energy and energy regulation. Royal assent was granted on 22 July 2004.

The act established the Civil Nuclear Constabulary.
Bodansky
People with the surname Bodansky include:

Artur Bodanzky (1877–1939), Austrian-American conductor

Laís Bodanzky (born 1969), Brazilian film director

Robert Bodanzky (1879–1923), Austrian journalist, playwright and poet

Yossef Bodansky, Israeli-American political scientist

Aaron Bodansky (1887–1960), Russian-born American biochemist

Robert Bodanzky
Robert Bodanzky, also known as Danton (born Isidor Bodanskie, 20 March 1879 – 2 November 1923), was an Austrian journalist, playwright, poet and artist. While he became famous for his apolitical poems before World War I, he turned an anarchist communist afterwards, writing political essays, plays and poems. He was the brother of the opera conductor Artur Bodanzky.
Ridgeway, New Jersey
Ridgeway is an unincorporated community located within Manchester Township, in Ocean County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

Ridgeway is located approximately two miles (3.2 km) northeast of Lakehurst, on the north bank of the Ridgeway Branch.

A station of the New Jersey Southern Railroad was located in Ridgeway as early as 1876.

Lakehurst, New Jersey
Lakehurst is a borough in Ocean County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 2,636, a decrease of 18 (−0.7%) from the 2010 census count of 2,654, which in turn reflected an increase of 132 (+5.2%) from the 2,522 counted in the 2000 census.

Lakehurst was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 7, 1921, from portions of Manchester Township, based on the results of a referendum held on May 24, 1921. The borough is named for its location near lakes and woods.
1992 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1992 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament was the seventeenth edition, held March 12–14 at Dahlberg Arena at the University of Montana in Missoula, Montana.

Top-seeded Montana repeated as conference champions by defeating Nevada in the championship game, 73–68, to win their second Big Sky tournament title. Both of Montana's opponents in the tournament had defeated them earlier in the season.

It was Nevada's thirteenth and final year in the Big Sky; they departed for the Big West in the summer.

University of Montana
The University of Montana (UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana, United States. UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus. Fall 2024 saw total enrollment hit 10,811, marking the highest total enrollment for UM since 2018.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" as of 2022.

Alumni include 11 Truman Scholars, 14 Goldwater Scholars, and 40 Udall Scholars. One alumnus, Harold Urey, has won the Nobel Prize.
Temple of St. Francis
The Temple of St. Francis (Italian: Tempio di San Francesco) is a Catholic place of worship in Gaeta, located in the historic center of the city. It belongs to the parish that includes the Cathedral of Saints Erasmus and Marcianus and St. Mary of the Assumption. The frescoes in the temple were painted by Vincenzo Petrocelli and Domenico Morelli.

The church was built beginning in 1283, through donations from Charles II of Anjou, as a place of worship attached to a convent founded by Francis of Assisi in 1222; in the second half of the 1850s it was radically restored in neo-Gothic style to a design by Giacomo Guarinelli, through the involvement of Pope Pius IX and funding from Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies.

The building is located on the slope of Mount Orlando facing the Gulf of Gaeta, in a dominant position over the city's historic center; it is sometimes mistakenly referred to as the city cathedral because of its scenic location and elaborate architecture.

Pointed arch
A pointed arch, ogival arch, or Gothic arch is an arch with a pointed crown, whose two curving sides meet at a relatively sharp angle at the top of the arch. Also known as a two-centred arch, its form is derived from the intersection of two circles. This architectural element was particularly important in Gothic architecture. The earliest use of a pointed arch dates back to bronze-age Nippur. As a structural feature, it was first used in eastern Christian architecture, Byzantine architecture and Sasanian architecture, but in the 12th century it came into use in France and England as an important structural element, in combination with other elements, such as the rib vault and later the flying buttress. These allowed the construction of cathedrals, palaces and other buildings with dramatically greater height and larger windows which filled them with light.
Foliar nematode
Foliar nematodes are plant parasitic roundworms in the genus Aphelenchoides. The three most economically important species are Aphelenchoides fragariae, A. ritzemabosi, and A. besseyi.  Foliar nematodes are becoming a widespread and serious problem for the ornamental and nursery industries.  A. fragariae causes damage on hundreds of different plants including chrysanthemum, begonia, gloxinia, African violet, cyclamen, and a wide variety of bedding plants and ferns, causing brown to black, vein-delimited lesions on leaf tissue, defoliation, and possible stunting of plants.

Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemums (/krɪˈsænθəməmz/ kriss-AN-thə-məmz), sometimes abbreviated to mums or chrysanths, are perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae that bloom in the autumn. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China. Many thousands of horticultural varieties and cultivars exist.
Instituto Chacabuco
Instituto Chacabuco (Colegio Marista Los Andes) is a Marist Brothers school in Los Andes, Chile, preschool through secondary. It opened in 1911 at its present location on Argentina Avenue.

Chacabuco Institute, opened in 1911, was the original educational endeavor of the Marist Brothers in Chile. It was officially recognized by the Ministry of Education in 1929. The present location of the school goes back to the Assumptionists whose rectory, established in 1893, would become the first Marist school. The initial enrollment in 1911 was 80 students, but by year's end it had risen to 134.

Los Andes, Chile
Los Andes, founded on July 31, 1791 as Santa Rosa de Los Andes, is a Chilean city and commune located in the province of the same name, in Valparaíso Region ("Fifth Region" of Chile). It lies on the route between Santiago and Chile's primary border crossing with Argentina by way of the summit of the Uspallata Pass in the Andes mountain range.