hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wad al-'Abbas
Wad al-'Abbas (Arabic: ود العباس) is one of the oldest cities in the province of Sinār, Sudan. It was founded by Sheik Muhammad 'Alī 'Abbās, who came from the district of Wahīb in Northern, Sudan, where he was a learned and devout man. He founded a centre for teaching of the Qur'ān.

Teaching
Teaching is the practice implemented by a teacher aimed at transmitting skills (knowledge, know-how, and interpersonal skills) to a learner, a student, or any other audience of an educational institution. Teaching is closely related to learning, the student's activity of appropriating this knowledge.

Teaching is part of the broader concept of education.
Alexander Preinfalk
Alexander Preinfalk (6 February 1920 – 12 December 1944) was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Preinfalk was shot down on 12 December 1944 by an American P-47 over Bruchsal, Germany and died after he bailed out. He was credited with 78 aerial victories, potentially up to 85 claims.

German Cross
The War Order of the German Cross (German: Der Kriegsorden Deutsches Kreuz), normally abbreviated to the German Cross or Deutsches Kreuz, was instituted by Adolf Hitler on 28 September 1941. It was awarded in two divisions: in gold for repeated acts of bravery or military leadership; and in silver for distinguished non-combat war service. The German Cross in Gold ranked higher than the Iron Cross First Class but below the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, while the German Cross in Silver ranked higher than the War Merit Cross First Class with Swords but below the Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross with Swords.
Tom Johnston (footballer)
Thomas Deans Johnston (30 December 1918 – 27 November 1994) was a Scottish professional footballer and manager.

Johnston grew up in Kelso and began his senior career with Edinburgh side St Bernard's before moving south to join Peterborough United in late 1938. He guested for Bourne Town and Northampton Town during the Second World War and signed for Nottingham Forest upon its conclusion. He crossed the Trent to join Notts County in 1947 and played alongside Tommy Lawton.

Originally an inside forward, Johnston latterly developed into a goal-scoring outside left. Following his playing retirement he earned FA coaching qualifications and, in 1956, a coaching position with Birmingham City. His first managerial role was with non-league Heanor Town before a twenty-year career in charge of Rotherham, Grimsby, Huddersfield and York.

Kelso, Scottish Borders
Kelso (Scottish Gaelic: Cealsaidh) is a market town in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Roxburghshire, it lies where the rivers Tweed and Teviot have their confluence. The town has a population of 5,639 according to the 2011 census and based on the 2010 definition of the locality.

Kelso's main tourist attractions are the ruined Kelso Abbey and Floors Castle. The latter is a house designed by William Adam, which was completed in 1726. The Kelso Bridge was designed by John Rennie, who later built the Waterloo Bridge in London.

Kelso held the UK record for the lowest January temperature at −26.7 °C (−16.1 °F), from 1881 until 1982.
History of the Republic of Turkey
The Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmed VI by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1922 by the new Republican Parliament in 1923. This new regime delivered the coup de grâce to the Ottoman state which had been practically wiped away from the world stage following the First World War.

Coup de grâce
A coup de grâce (/ˌkuː də ˈɡrɑːs/; French: [ku də ɡʁɑs] ⓘ lit. 'blow of mercy') is an act of mercy killing in which a mortally wounded person or animal is fatally struck with a melee weapon or shot with a projectile to kill them quickly and end their suffering, with or without their consent. With animals, it may be done by hunters to animals they have shot which have fallen, but which are still alive or by veterinarians to seriously injured animals which are dying or in pain. With humans, it may be done by a firing squad after a volley of shots at a condemned prisoner, or by soldiers in wartime who have captured a seriously wounded enemy soldier, although this may be a war crime.
Hyundai i20 N Rally1
The Hyundai i20 N Rally1 is a Rally1 car built by the Hyundai Motorsport that is driven in the World Rally Championship starting in 2022. The prototype car is based on the Hyundai i20 N production car and was first revealed to public during testing in the south of France in May 2021.

Hyundai N
Hyundai N (Korean: 현대 N) is a sub-brand of high-performance cars, engines, and related technologies established in 2012 by Hyundai.

Hyundai claims the "N" refers to two elements. First, the Namyang district in South Korea, home of Hyundai's Global Research & Development Center where the brand 'N' was founded; second, the over 20 km long Nordschleife northern loop of the Nürburgring racetrack in Germany, home to Hyundai's European Technical Center and where all the 'N' models are tested - and many other brands, too. The 'N' logo was inspired by the shape of chicanes in racing circuits.

The first 'N'-branded vehicle produced was the i30 N, which debuted in 2016.
Verkhnesavinskaya
Verkhnesavinskaya (Russian: Верхнесавинская) is a rural locality (a village) in Gorodetskoye Rural Settlement, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 40 as of 2002. There are 4 streets.

Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District
Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District (Russian: Ки́чменгско-Городе́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Velikoustyugsky District in the north, Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in the northeast, Oparinsky District of Kirov Oblast in the southeast, Vokhomsky District of Kostroma Oblast in the south, Nikolsky and Babushkinsky Districts in the southwest, and with Nyuksensky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 7,025 square kilometers (2,712 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kichmengsky Gorodok. District's population: 18,485 (2010 Census); 22,187 (2002 Census); 26,170 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kichmengsky Gorodok accounts for 34.9% of the district's total population.
Manny Randazzo King Cakes
Manny Randazzo King Cakes is a bakery in Metairie, Louisiana in the United States. The bakery 
was founded in 1965 by Sam Randazzo and his three sons: Lawrence, Manuel and Anthony. The bakery specializes in king cakes.

Randazzo King Cakes won best traditional king cake in the annual King Cake Snob competition, in 2017 and 2019. Their king cake has been named one of the best in New Orleans by The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate food critic Ian McNulty and one of the best in the country by Food & Wine. Randazzo King Cakes have been featured on Delish and Eater, on Fox 8 New Orleans, and in Southern Living.

Every year, US Congressman Steve Scalise buys and delivers Randazzo King Cakes to fellow congresspeople during Mardi Gras.

WVUE-DT
WVUE-DT (channel 8) is a television station in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. Owned by Gray Media, the station maintains primary studios on Howard Avenue in New Orleans, with a secondary studio within the Benson Tower downtown; its transmitter is located on Magistrate Street in Chalmette, Louisiana.
2018–19 Africa Basketball League Group C
Group C of the 2018–19 Africa Basketball League was the group stage of the 2018–19 Africa Basketball League for Al Ahly, Ferroviário da Beira, Primeiro de Agosto and REG BBC. Each team played each other once, for a total of three games per team, with all games played at the Prince Abdallah Al Faisal Sports Hall in Cairo. After all of the games were played, the two teams with the best records qualified for the final-eight round.

Primeiro de Agosto and Al Ahly finished 1st and 2nd respectively, thus qualifying to the Elite Eight stage.

Al Ahly (basketball)
Al Ahly is an Egyptian basketball club of Al Ahly SC, located in Cairo, Cairo Governorate, that plays in the Egypt Basketball Super League. Currently, two of its athletes play for the Egypt men's national basketball team. The team is a part of the multi-sports club of the same name.

The club has won eight Egyptian Super League titles and eleven Egyptian Cup titles. Internationally, Al Ahly has won the FIBA Africa Champions Cup in 2016, the BAL in 2023, and the Arabophone Championship in 2021.
Larry Joseph
Larry Nuron Joseph (born 1 April 1985) is an Antiguan cricketer who has played for the Leeward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. He is a right-arm off-spin bowler.

Joseph made his List A debut in October 2003, playing for the West Indies under-19s in the 2003–04 Red Stripe Bowl. In 2008, he played a single match for the Antigua and Barbuda national team at the 2008 Stanford 20/20 tournament, against Guyana. Joseph made his debut for the Leewards in January 2012, against Trinidad and Tobago in the 2011–12 Regional Super50. He made his first-class debut the following year, appearing three times in the 2012–13 Regional Four Day Competition, but has not played for the team since. His best performance came against Trinidad and Tobago, when he took 4/66 in the second innings.

In October 2019, he was named in the Combined Campuses' squad for the 2019–20 Regional Super50 tournament.

2011–12 Regional Super50
The 2011–12 Regional Super50 was the 38th season of the Regional Super50, the domestic limited-overs cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). All matches in the competition, which was the first edition to be branded as the Regional Super50, were held in Guyana.

Eight teams contested the competition – the six regular teams of West Indian domestic cricket (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Windward Islands), and two development teams (Combined Campuses and Colleges and the Sagicor High Performance Centre). In the tournament final, played at Guyana National Stadium, Jamaica defeated Trinidad and Tobago by five wickets to win an  eighth domestic one-day title. The two joint winners from the previous season, Barbados and the Leewards, both failed to win a game. Two Trinidadians, Jason Mohammed and Sunil Narine, led the tournament in runs and wickets, respectively.
Chinatown, Detroit
Detroit has had at least two locations that were once called "Chinatown", with the first being in a downtown location at Third Avenue, Porter St and Bagley St, now the permanent site of the MGM Grand Casino and Interstate 75's Fisher Freeway. In the 1960s urban renewal efforts facilitated its move to Cass Avenue and Peterboro, which was also an opportunity for the Chinese business community to finally purchase property.

Much of the Metro Detroit Chinese community live in the Troy area; other Asians such as Koreans also are in great number there. The old Chung’s building (opened in 1940) is being renovated while a Chinese fusion restaurant Peterboro opened in 2016, but closed briefly in the summer of 2023 to refocus. As of 2023, revitalization efforts have been under way for a revival of Detroit's Chinatown.

Metro Detroit
Metro Detroit is a major metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Michigan, consisting of the city of Detroit and over 200 municipalities in the surrounding area. There are varied definitions of the area, including the official statistical areas designated by the Office of Management and Budget, a federal agency of the United States.

Metro Detroit is known for its automotive heritage, arts, entertainment, popular music, food, cultural diversity, and sports. The area includes a variety of natural landscapes, parks, and beaches, with a recreational coastline linking the Great Lakes. Metro Detroit also has one of the largest metropolitan economies in the U.S. with 17 Fortune 500 companies.
Omophron aequale
Omophron aequale is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is distributed in East Asia.

The species is very similar to Omophron limbatum. Although the puncturation (the arrangement of punctures) on the pronotum of O. aequale is a little finer than that of O. limbatum, it is denser. The species also has denser and coarser puncturation on the side margins of the first two sternites.

Omophron aequale is divided into 2 subspecies: O. aequale aequale and O. aequale jacobsoni.

O. aequale aequale has a length between 6.4 and 7.2 mm and a width between 4.2 and 4.4 mm. It is distributed in Japan and Sakhalin Island, Russia.

O. aequale jacobsoni has a length between 6.5 and 6.9 mm and a width between 4.1 and 4.5 mm. It is distributed in China (Guandong, Guanxi, Hainan, Jiangsu, Nei Mongol, Sichuan, Shanki, Yunnan, and Zhejiang), Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and eastern Russia.

Prothorax
The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum (dorsal), the prosternum (ventral), and the propleuron (lateral) on each side. The prothorax never bears wings in extant insects (except in some cases of atavism), though some fossil groups possessed wing-like projections. All adult insects possess legs on the prothorax, though in a few groups (e.g., the butterfly family Nymphalidae) the forelegs are greatly reduced. In many groups of insects, the pronotum is reduced in size, but in a few it is hypertrophied, such as in all beetles (Coleoptera). In most treehoppers (family Membracidae, order Hemiptera), the pronotum is expanded into often fantastic shapes that enhance their camouflage or mimicry. Similarly, in the Tetrigidae, the pronotum is extended backward to cover the flight wings, supplanting the function of the tegmina.
Rachel Wilson (neurobiologist)
Rachel Wilson is an American professor of neurobiology at Harvard Medical School and is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. Wilson's work integrates electrophysiology, calcium imaging, molecular genetics, connectomics, computational modeling, and behavior to explore how neural circuits are organized to sense complex environments, learn associations between environmental features, and organize adaptive behavioral responses.

Neural circuit
A neural circuit is a population of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function when activated. Multiple neural circuits interconnect with one another to form large scale brain networks.

Neural circuits have inspired the design of artificial neural networks, though there are significant differences.
Anuradha Pavunraj
Anuradha Pavunraj or P. Anuradha (born 25 May 1992) is an Indian weightlifter from Pudhukkottai, Tamil Nadu. She represented India in the 2019 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships in Apia, Samoa. She won the gold medal in the Women's 87 kg category weightlifting with a lift of 221 kg (100 kg in snatch and 121 kg in clean and jerk).

Apia
Apia (Samoan: [a.pi.a]) is the capital and largest city of Samoa. It is located on the central north coast of Upolu, Samoa's second-largest island. Apia falls within the political district (itūmālō) of Tuamasaga.

The Apia Urban Area (generally known as the City of Apia) has a population of 35,974 (2021 census). Its geographic boundaries extend from the east approximately from Letogo village in Vaimauga to the west in the newer, industrialized region of Apia which extends to Vaitele village in Faleata.
William Passmore (boxer)
William Ivor Passmore (22 June 1915 – 13 October 1986) was a South African boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

In 1936 he was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the flyweight class after losing his fight to Alfredo Carlomagno of Argentina.

Boxing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Flyweight
The men's flyweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the lightest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 112 pounds (50.8 kilograms). The competition was held from Monday, August 10, 1936 to Saturday, August 15, 1936. Twenty-four boxers from 24 nations competed.
2015 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Vicenza – Doubles
Andrej Martin and Igor Zelenay are the defending champions, but Martin did not return to defend his title. Zelenay plays alongside Mateusz Kowalczyk, they lost already in the first round to Guido Andreozzi and Nicolás Jarry.

Facundo Bagnis and Guido Pella won the tournament, defeating Italians Salvatore Caruso and Federico Gaio in the final.

Igor Zelenay
Igor Zelenay (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈiɡɔr ˈzelenaj]; born 10 February 1982) is a Slovak former professional tennis player who was a doubles specialist. He reached a career-high ranking of world No. 50 in July 2009. His career-high singles ranking is No. 279, achieved in August 2005. Zelanay has won one ATP Tour title and finished runner-up at four other ATP tournaments.
Nicolas Born Prize
The Nicolas Born Prize, awarded by the German state of Lower Saxony, is a literary prize given since 2000 in honour of the writer Nicolas Born. It is awarded to notable German-language writers from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The main prize is currently 20,000 Euros, and since 2015 a further 10,000 Euro prize has been awarded to a debut author.

Nicolas Born
Nicolas Born (31 December 1937 in Duisburg – 7 December 1979 in Lüchow-Dannenberg) was a German writer.

Nicolas Born was – together with Rolf Dieter Brinkmann – one of the most important and most innovative German poets of his generation. His two novels, Die erdabgewandte Seite der Geschichte, and Die Fälschung, have been translated into more than a dozen languages, and count among the most important works of German literature of the 1970s.
Canada Square
Canada Square is a square at Canary Wharf in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, located in London. Canada Square is surrounded by three of the tallest buildings in the United Kingdom, including One Canada Square, which was the tallest building in the United Kingdom from 1990 until late 2010, when it was surpassed by The Shard in the London Borough of Southwark.

The complex is named for Canada by Olympia and York, the original developers of the site owned by the Reichmann family of Toronto.

The complex and the square is served by Canary Wharf Underground station on the Jubilee line and Canary Wharf DLR station on the Docklands Light Railway.

Reichmann family
The Reichmann family (Hebrew: משפחת רייכמן) is a Jewish-Canadian family best known for their property empire built through the Olympia and York company.

At the family's peak, their combined wealth was estimated at $13 billion making them the fourth-richest family in the world. The family's fortunes eventually waned, particularly with the ill-fated Canary Wharf development, which saw the family business file for bankruptcy in 1992 with debts of $20 billion. The family's wealth partially recovered, reaching roughly $2.3 billion in 2018.
Deutsche Orientbank
The Deutsche Orientbank (DOB, lit. 'German Bank of the Orient') was a German bank, founded in 1905-1906 in Berlin and merged into Dresdner Bank in 1931-1932. It was originally intended for financing ventures in the Ottoman Empire and the Khedivate of Egypt.

In mid-1914 the Orientbank absorbed the Levantine network of Deutsche Palästina-Bank, established in the late 19th century as an earlier endeavor to develop German economic influence in the Ottoman Empire.

Adana
Adana is a large city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 35 km (22 mi) inland from the northeastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative seat of the Adana province, and has a population of 1,816,750 (Seyhan, Yuregir, Cukurova, Saricam).

Adana lies in the heart of Cilicia, a region of around 6 million people. The region was particularly important in the classical world due to its location by a pass in the Taurus Mountains (both for military campaigns and trade routes), and its wealth in metal and agricultural assets, including the large fertile plain of Çukurova.

Adana remains a centre for regional trade, and public and private services. Agriculture, healthcare and logistics are important parts of the economy. The city is connected to Tarsus and Mersin by TCDD train. The closest public airport is Çukurova International Airport.
277 Elvira
277 Elvira is a typical main belt asteroid and is a member of the Koronis asteroid family. It was discovered by Auguste Charlois on 3 May 1888 in Nice. 277 Elvira is possibly named for a character in Alphonse de Lamartine's  Méditations poétiques (1820) and Harmonies poétiques et religieuses (1830).

A group of astronomers, including Lucy D’Escoffier Crespo da Silva and Richard P. Binzel, used observations made between 1998 through 2000 to determine the spin-vector alignment of the Koronis family of asteroids, including 277 Elvira. The collaborative work resulted in the creation of 61 new individual rotation lightcurves to augment previous published observations.

Measurements of the thermal inertia of 277 Elvira give a value of around 190 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2, compared to 50 for lunar regolith and 400 for coarse sand in an atmosphere.

Richard P. Binzel
Richard "Rick" P. Binzel (born 1958) is an American astronomer and professor of planetary sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is a discoverer of minor planets, photometrist and the inventor of the Torino Scale, a method for categorizing the impact hazard associated with near-Earth objects such as asteroids and comets.  He is also a frequent trip leader for the MIT Alumni Association.
Whitescarver Hall
Whitescarver Hall is a historic dormitory building located on the campus of Alderson Broaddus University at Philippi, Barbour County, West Virginia, United States. It was built in 1911–1912, and is a three-story white brick building in the Neoclassical style. It measures 40 feet by 90 feet. It features a hipped roof covered in red tile and four classical pilaster topped with Ionic order capitals.

Barbour County, West Virginia
Barbour County is a county in north central West Virginia, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 15,465. The county seat is Philippi, which was chartered in 1844. Both county and city were named for Philip P. Barbour (1783–1841), a U.S. Congressman from Virginia and Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. The county was formed in 1843 when the region was still part of the state of Virginia. In 1871, a small part of Barbour County was transferred to Tucker County, West Virginia.

The Battle of Philippi, also known as the "Philippi Races", was fought in Barbour County on June 3, 1861. Although a minor action, it is generally considered the first land engagement of the American Civil War.

For 114 years (1909-2023), Barbour County was home to Alderson-Broaddus College (later Alderson Broaddus University), an American Baptist institution. Its four-year Physician Assistant (PA) baccalaureate program was the first such anywhere.