hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marlene Cowling
Marlene Cowling (born 26 August 1941 in Dauphin, Manitoba) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1993 to 1997 in the Dauphin—Swan River electoral district. By career, she is a farmer.

Cowling was elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament in the 1993 federal election. She was defeated by Inky Mark of the Reform Party in the 1997 election.

Dauphin, Manitoba
Dauphin (/ˈdɔːfɪn/) is a city in Manitoba, Canada, with a population of 8,368 as of the 2021 Canadian Census. The community is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Dauphin. The city takes its name from Lake Dauphin and Fort Dauphin (first built 1741), which were named by explorer Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye in honour of the Dauphin of France, the heir to the French throne. Dauphin is Manitoba's ninth largest community and serves as a hub to the province's Parkland Region.

Dauphin hosts several summer festivals, including Dauphin's Countryfest and Canada's National Ukrainian Festival.

Dauphin is served by Provincial Trunk Highways 5, 10 and 20.
Dave Fuente
Dave Fuente (born in 1945) is the Chairman of the operations consulting firm SSA & Company, LLC.  He is also on the board of directors at Ryder System, Inc., Sunrise Senior Living, Inc., and a past Director of Dick's Sporting Goods since 1993.  He became the Presiding Non-Management director of Dick's Sporting Goods on March 16, 2010.  He is the Director of OPEN Sports Network, Inc., The Vitamin Shoppe, and is a trustee of the University of Miami, Boca Raton Community Hospital, and Baron Select Funds - Baron Partners Fund.

Ryder
Ryder System, Inc. is an American transportation and logistics company, specializing in truck rental and leasing, fleet management, supply chain management, and transportation management. It also offers full-service leasing, rental and maintenance, used vehicle sales, transportation management, professional drivers, e-commerce fulfillment, and last-mile delivery services. The company is headquartered in Coral Gables, Florida, and operates in the United States and United Kingdom.
Geology of Monaco
The geology of Monaco is closely related to the end of the Western Alps, forming the small country's steep corniche coastline. During the last 2.5 million years of the Quaternary high sea levels between glaciations formed erosion terraces and left behind coastal sediment deposits. Beach sands are mixed with frost chippings and other cold-weather remnants of the glacial period and preserve large mammal remains and archaeological remains of early humans in the Gîte des Moulins Cave and the Jardin Exotique. Monaco hosts the International Hydrographic Organization.

Corniche
A corniche is a road on the side of a cliff or mountain, with the ground rising up on one side of the roadway and falling away on the other. The English language has adopted the word from the French term route à corniche or "road on a ledge", itself derived from the Italian cornice, for "ledge".
Violet Lloyd (actress)
Violet Lloyd (25 November 1879 – c. 1924) was an English actress, singer and Edwardian music hall performer. Her father was Samuel Lloyd, and her sister was Florence Lloyd (born 1876), who was also an actress. Violet was a second cousin of Lydia Thompson, and her daughter Zeffie Tilbury.

Lloyd made her stage debut at ten years old in February 1889, appearing with The Kendals at the Theatre Royal, Nottingham. She made many appearances at the Gaiety Theatre, especially in an Asian-themed play called The Geisha. She was the understudy to Ellaline Terriss at the Gaiety, and after 1905 she toured with the George Edwardes company. Many later roles in the theatre were well-known children's characters i.e. Humpty-Dumpty, Red Riding Hood, Jack and the Beanstalk, and Aladdin.

George Edwardes
George Joseph Edwardes (né Edwards; 8 October 1855 – 4 October 1915) was an English theatre manager and producer of Irish ancestry who brought a new era in musical theatre to the British stage and beyond.

Edwardes started out in theatre management, soon working at a number of West End theatres. By the age of 20, he was managing theatres for Richard D'Oyly Carte. In 1885, Edwardes became a manager at the Gaiety Theatre with John Hollingshead, who soon retired.

For the next three decades, Edwardes ruled a theatrical empire including the Gaiety, Daly's Theatre, the Adelphi Theatre and others, and sent touring companies around Britain and abroad. In the early 1890s, Edwardes recognised the changing tastes of musical theatre audiences and led the movement away from burlesque and comic opera to Edwardian musical comedy.
Mounds Cemetery
The Mounds Cemetery is a historic cemetery in rural Hempstead County, Arkansas.  It is located off County Road 13, northwest of the small community of Columbus.  It is significant as the site of two Caddoan mounds, and as the burying ground for some of Hempstead County's earliest white settlers.  It is further significant as a stopping site along the Trail of Tears, the forced westward relocation of Native Americans in the 19th century.

The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

Caddoan Mississippian culture
The Caddoan Mississippian culture was a prehistoric Native American culture considered by archaeologists as a variant of the Mississippian culture. The Caddoan Mississippians covered a large territory, including what is now Eastern Oklahoma, Western Arkansas, Northeast Texas, Southwest Missouri and Northwest Louisiana of the United States.

Archaeological evidence has established that the cultural continuity is unbroken from prehistory to the present. The speakers of Caddo and related Caddoan languages in prehistoric times and at first European contact have been proved to be the direct ancestors of the modern Caddo Nation of Oklahoma.
2013 World Championships in Athletics – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics was held at the Luzhniki Stadium on 10–12 August.

Performances in the World Championships contributed to the final scoring of the 2013 IAAF Hammer Throw Challenge – a first for the series. Paweł Fajdek was victorious in both the World Championships and the seasonal challenge

Paweł Fajdek
Paweł Fajdek (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpavɛw ˈfajdɛk]; born 4 June 1989) is a Polish hammer thrower, a five-time World Champion, European Champion, Olympic bronze medal winner, multiple Polish Champion and Polish men's hammer throw record holder. In 2013, he became the youngest world champion in the event. His personal best throw of 83.93 metres was achieved on 9 August 2015 at the Janusz Kusociński Memorial in Szczecin.
Generalized iterative scaling
In statistics, generalized iterative scaling (GIS) and improved iterative scaling (IIS) are two early algorithms used to fit log-linear models, notably multinomial logistic regression (MaxEnt) classifiers and extensions of it such as MaxEnt Markov models and conditional random fields. These algorithms have been largely surpassed by gradient-based methods such as L-BFGS and coordinate descent algorithms.

Coordinate descent
Coordinate descent is an optimization algorithm that successively minimizes along coordinate directions to find the minimum of a function. At each iteration, the algorithm determines a coordinate or coordinate block via a coordinate selection rule, then exactly or inexactly minimizes over the corresponding coordinate hyperplane while fixing all other coordinates or coordinate blocks. A line search along the coordinate direction can be performed at the current iterate to determine the appropriate step size. Coordinate descent is applicable in both differentiable and derivative-free contexts.
Acanthobunocephalus nicoi
Acanthobunocephalus nicoi is one of two species of catfish (order Siluriformes) in the genus Acanthobunocephalus of the family Aspredinidae. This species is known from only three localities and appears to be restricted to the upper Orinoco River system of Venezuela and possibly the upper Rio Negro system of Brazil.

Acanthobunocephalus nicoi can be differentiated from other aspredinids by the presence of a dorsal fin spine locking mechanism and a rigid dorsal fin spine. The lateral line is truncated at about the dorsal fin level. The head is depressed and the caudal peduncle is slender, tapering to the caudal fin. The mouth is terminal, with the jaws and lips equal. The dorsal and anal fin membranes are not adnate with the body. These fish reach sexual maturity at just over 16 millimetres (.63 in) SL, and have not been observed to exceed 20 mm (.79 in) SL.

This species is found in flooded plants, primarily grasses and sedges, in black water (stained by tannin).

Rio Negro (Amazon)
The Rio Negro (Spanish: Río Negro [ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo] "Black River"), or Guainía as it is known in its upper part, is the largest left tributary of the Amazon River (accounting for about 14% of the water in the Amazon basin), the largest blackwater river in the world, and one of the world's ten largest rivers by average discharge. It originates in the tepuis of the department of Guainía, Colombia, and then flows southeastward before finally entering Brazil. Despite its high flow, the Rio Negro has a low sediment load (5.76 million tonnes per year on average in Manaus).
Higashi-Kohama Station
Higashi-Kohama Station (東粉浜駅, Higashi-Kohama Eki) is a tram stop in Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan on the Hankai Tramway Hankai Line. The station is about 10m east from Kohama Station on the Nankai Main Line.

Hankai Tramway
Hankai Tramway Co., Ltd. (阪堺電気軌道株式会社, Hankai Denki Kidō Kabushiki Gaisha) is a company which owns two tramway lines in the cities of Osaka and Sakai, Osaka, Japan.  It was originally part of Nankai Electric Railway Co., Ltd. and it still uses the Nankai symbol as its logo.
Ymir (electoral district)
Ymir was the name of a provincial electoral district of British Columbia, Canada, located in the West Kootenay region. It is named after Ymir, a village east of Trail and south of Nelson. It made its first appearance on the hustings in the election of 1903 and lasted only until 1912, after which the area was represented by Nelson riding.

Nelson, British Columbia
Nelson is a city in British Columbia, Canada. The city contains heritage buildings constructed during the regional silver rush of 1886. Along with Castlegar and Trail, Nelson is one of the three cities forming the commercial and population core of the West Kootenay region. The city is the seat of the Regional District of Central Kootenay. It is represented in the provincial legislature by the riding of Nelson-Creston, and in the Parliament of Canada by the riding of Columbia-Kootenay-Southern Rockies.
Cultural depictions of Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII of England, and Queen of England from 1533 until she was beheaded in 1536 for treason (consisting of alleged adultery, including alleged incest with her brother George), has inspired or been mentioned in many artistic and cultural works. The following lists cover various media, enduring works of high art, and recent representations in popular culture, film and fiction. The entries represent portrayals that a reader has a reasonable chance of encountering, rather than a complete catalogue.

Anne Boleyn, as the second wife of Henry VIII, was the mother of Elizabeth I. She has been called "the most influential and important queen consort England has ever had", as she provided the occasion for Henry VIII to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and declare the English church's independence from the Catholic Church.

Eleanor Alice Burford
Eleanor Alice Hibbert (née Burford; 1 September 1906 – 18 January 1993) was an English writer of historical romances. She was a prolific writer who published several books a year in different literary genres, each genre under a different pen name: Jean Plaidy for fictionalized history of European royalty and the three volumes of her history of the Spanish Inquisition, Victoria Holt for gothic romances, and Philippa Carr for a multi-generational family saga. She also wrote light romances, crime novels, murder mysteries and thrillers under pseudonyms Eleanor Burford, Elbur Ford, Kathleen Kellow, Anna Percival, and Ellalice Tate.

In 1989, the Romance Writers of America gave her the Golden Treasure award in recognition of her contributions to the romance genre. By the time of her death, she had written more than 200 books that sold more than 100 million copies and had been translated into 20 languages. She continues to be a widely borrowed author among British libraries.
Resipole
Resipole (Scottish Gaelic: Rèiseapol) is a settlement on the Ardnamurchan peninsula in Highland, Scotland.

Resipole is located on the A861 road on the northern shore of Loch Sunart. The primary economic activities are tourism related, there being a touring caravan park there. In addition Resipole Studios provides gallery space and other facilities for artists.  There are also self-catering properties available and a bed and breakfast.

RV park
A recreational vehicle park (RV park) or caravan park is a place where people with recreational vehicles can stay overnight, or longer, in allotted spaces known as "sites" or "campsites". They are also referred to as campgrounds, though a true campground also provides facilities for tent camping; many facilities calling themselves "RV parks" also offer tent camping or cabins with limited facilities.
Richard Foster Jones
Richard Foster Jones (July 7, 1886 – September 12, 1965) was a professor of English at Stanford University, and executive head of the university's English department. His research interests included early modern English literature (especially Sir Francis Bacon), the history of science, and the writings of Jonathan Swift.

Early modern Britain
Early modern Britain is the history of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Major historical events in early modern British history include numerous wars, especially with France, along with the English Renaissance, the English Reformation and Scottish Reformation, the English Civil War, the Restoration of Charles II, the Glorious Revolution, the Treaty of Union, the Scottish Enlightenment and the formation and the collapse of the First British Empire.
1974 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1974 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1974, to elect the next governor of Tennessee. Incumbent Republican governor Winfield Dunn was ineligible to run for re-election, as the Constitution of Tennessee prohibited governors from serving consecutive terms at the time. Democratic nominee Ray Blanton defeated Republican opponent Lamar Alexander with 55.4% of the vote.

With this win, Blanton flipped the state back into Democratic control, with the state legislature also being controlled by Democrats.

Tennessee General Assembly
The Tennessee General Assembly (TNGA) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is a part-time bicameral legislature consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Speaker of the Senate carries the additional title and office of Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee. In addition to passing a budget for state government plus other legislation, the General Assembly appoints three state officers specified by the state constitution. It is also the initiating body in any process to amend the state's constitution.
Vasco Abadjiev
Vasco Abadjiev (Bulgarian: Васко Абаджиев, Vasko Abadzhiev) (14 January 1926 – 14 December 1978) was a Bulgarian virtuoso violinist. He was the son of Nikola Abadjiev, a violin professor at the Sofia Conservatory, and Lala Piperova, a pianist.

National Academy of Music (Bulgaria)
The National Academy of Music "Prof. Pancho Vladigerov" (Bulgarian: Национална музикална академия „Панчо Владигеров“, Natsionalna muzikalna akademia „Pancho Vladigerov“), also known under its former name, the Bulgarian State Conservatoire (Българска държавна консерватория, Balgarska darzhavna konservatoria), is a university of music in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.

Founded in 1921 through a royal decree of Tsar Boris III, it is named after influential Bulgarian composer Pancho Vladigerov (1899–1978).

Two buildings house the academy. It offers 30 programmes divided into three faculties: the Faculty of Theory, Composition and Conducting; the Instrumental Faculty; and the Vocal Faculty.
Unofficial
Something unofficial is not established or authorized by an authority. It can also be a person not acting with official authority.

Unofficial Bar, in Sri Lankan courts

Unofficial collaborator, former East Germany

Unofficial hearing, in US Congress

Unofficial magistrate, in Sri Lanka

Unofficial Member, Hong Kong

Unofficial patch, computer software

Unofficial Saint Patrick's Day, a local alternative celebration date for Saint Patrick's Day for students at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Unofficial Bar
The unofficial bar in Sri Lankan courts refer to the lawyers engaged in a private legal practice, as opposed to the official bar, which is made up of lawyers working for the Attorney-General's Department. The President of the Bar Association of Sri Lanka is considered as the de facto leader of the unofficial bar. While the Attorney-General is considered as the leader of the official bar.
Żabowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Żabowo [ʐaˈbɔvɔ] (formerly German: Groß Sabow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowogard, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Nowogard, 32 km (20 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and 53 km (33 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see history of Pomerania.

Goleniów
Goleniów [ɡɔˈlɛɲuf] (Kashubian: Gòłonóg; German: Gollnow) is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland, with 21,876 inhabitants as of 2021. It is the capital of Goleniów County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is situated in the centre of Goleniowska Forest on Goleniów Plain, near main roads numbers 3 and 6.

The international airport Szczecin-Goleniów "Solidarność" Airport is located just east of the town.
Brunki
Brunki [ˈbruŋkʲi] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barlinek, within Myślibórz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Barlinek, 21 km (13 mi) east of Myślibórz, and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 70.

Myślibórz County
Myślibórz County (Polish: powiat myśliborski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship (a voivodeship, or province that is found in northwestern Poland along the German border). It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Myślibórz, which lies 57 kilometres (35 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Barlinek, lying 24 km (15 mi) east of Myślibórz, and Dębno, 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Myślibórz.

The county covers an area of 1,181.95 square kilometres (456.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 67,412, out of which the population of Barlinek is 14,156, that of Dębno is 13,903, that of Myślibórz is 11,867, and the rural population is 27,486.
Kim Montgomery
Kim Yankowski Montgomery (born April 27, 1972, in Huntington, New York) is a retired American soccer player who played for Carolina Courage, as well as the under-16 and under-19 United States national soccer teams.

Carolina Courage
The Carolina Courage was a professional soccer team that played in the Women's United Soccer Association. The team played at Fetzer Field on the UNC-Chapel Hill campus in 2001, and then at the soccer-specific SAS Stadium in Cary, North Carolina in 2002 and 2003.
2024 European Half Marathon Cup – Men
The 2024 European Half Marathon Cup for men, the second edition of the competition, was held as part of the men's half marathon at the 2024 European Athletics Championships, which took place at the Stadio Olimpico on 9 June.

2024 European Athletics Championships
The 26th European Athletics Championships were held from 7 to 12 June 2024 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy.

It was the third time Italy staged this sporting event after the inaugural 1934 edition in Turin, for men only, and the 1974 edition at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome. Thus, the city and the venue hosted the event for the second time after 50 years. Stadio Olimpico staged also the 1960 Olympic Games and 1987 World Championships in Athletics. The venue was renovated in 1990 and holds up to 70,000 spectators.

On 10 November 2020, the European Athletic Association (EAA) chose Rome at its 160th Council Meeting held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Italian capital was preferred to the city of Katowice in Poland.
Mount Weddell
Mount Weddell is the summit of Weddell Island in the Falkland Islands.  The mountain rises to 383 metres (1,257 ft) and is situated 8 km northeast of Race Point, 9.8 km east of Pillar Bluff, 4.35 km southwest of Weddell Settlement and 4.6 km west-northwest of Circum Peak.

Weddell Settlement
Weddell Settlement is the only settlement on Weddell Island in the Falkland Islands, situated on the east coast of the island at the head of the sheltered Gull Harbour (formerly Great Harbour.), part of Queen Charlotte Bay. It is located 12.15 kilometres (7.55 mi) northeast of Race Point, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south by west of Swan Point, 212 kilometres (132 mi) west-southwest of Stanley and 56.6 kilometres (35.2 mi) west of Fox Bay on West Falkland.
Khatyn massacre
Khatyn (Belarusian: Хаты́нь, romanized: Chatyń, pronounced [xaˈtɨnʲ]; Russian: Хаты́нь, pronounced [xɐˈtɨnʲ]) was a village of 26 houses and 157 inhabitants in Belarus, in Lahoysk Raion, Minsk Region, 50 km away from Minsk. On 22 March 1943, almost the entire population of the village was massacred by the Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118 in retaliation for an attack on German troops by Soviet partisans.

The battalion was composed of primarily Ukrainian and other Soviet collaborators, assisted by the SS-Sonderbataillon Dirlewanger.

Wartime collaboration
Wartime collaboration is cooperation with the enemy against one's country of citizenship in wartime. As historian Gerhard Hirschfeld says, it "is as old as war and the occupation of foreign territory".

The term collaborator dates to the 19th century and was used in France during the Napoleonic Wars. The meaning shifted during World War II to designate traitorous collaboration with the enemy. The related term collaborationism is used by historians who restrict the term to a subset of ideological collaborators in Vichy France who actively promoted German victory.
Aleksandr Nepomnyashchiy
Aleksandr Evgenyevich Nepomnyashchiy (Russian: Александр Евгеньевич Непомнящий; February 16, 1968 – April 20, 2007) was a Russian poet, singer and bard, as well as a member of the National Bolshevik Party. He was born in Kovrov and died, aged 39, in Ivanovo.

Ivanovo
Ivanovo (Russian: Иваново, IPA: [ɪˈvanəvə] ⓘ) is a city in Russia and the administrative center and largest city of Ivanovo Oblast, located 254 kilometers (158 mi) northeast of Moscow and approximately 100 kilometers (62 mi) from Yaroslavl, Vladimir and Kostroma. Ivanovo has a population of 361,644 as of the 2021 Census, making it the 50th largest city in Russia. Until 1932, it was previously known as Ivanovo-Voznesensk. It is the youngest city of the Golden Ring of Russia.

The city lies on the Uvod River, in the centre of the eponymous oblast. Ivanovo gained city status in 1871, emerged as a major center for textile production, and began to be referred to as the "Russian Manchester". The city is served by Ivanovo Yuzhny Airport.