hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2010 in spaceflight
The year 2010 saw a number of notable events in worldwide spaceflight activities. These included the first test flight of the SpaceX Dragon commercial resupply spacecraft, which is intended to resupply the International Space Station (ISS), and the maiden flights of the Falcon 9 and Minotaur IV rockets. In June 2010, South Korea conducted a second Naro-1 launch, after the failure of the rocket's maiden flight in 2009; however, the second attempt also failed. The Kosmos-3M was retired from service, making its final flight in April. The Molniya-M was also retired from service, making its final flight in September.

Proton-M
The Proton-M, (Протон-М) GRAU index 8K82M or 8K82KM, is an expendable Russian heavy-lift launch vehicle derived from the Soviet-developed Proton. It is built by Khrunichev, and launched from sites 81/24 and 200/39 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Commercial launches are marketed by International Launch Services (ILS), and generally use Site 200/39. The first Proton-M launch occurred on 7 April 2001.

Proton flew its most recent mission on February 12, 2026. As of August 2020, a number of Roscosmos and other Russian government missions remain on Proton launch manifest.
Hamlett
Hamlett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Hamlett (born 1971), American mixed martial artist

Barksdale Hamlett (1908–1979), United States Army general

Bradley Maxon Hamlett, American politician

Connor Hamlett (born 1992), American football player

Denis Hamlett (born 1969), Costa Rican footballer and manager

Dilys Hamlett (1928–2002), English actress

Lol Hamlett (1917–1986), English footballer and manager

Ray Hamlett (1933-1998), American politician from Missouri

Lol Hamlett
Thomas Lawrence Hamlett (24 January 1917 – 22 May 1986) was an English footballer who played at right-back for Congleton Town, Bolton Wanderers, and Port Vale. He scored nine goals in 181 league appearances in the six seasons of the Football League immediately following World War II. He later spent 25 years on the coaching staff at Port Vale, from July 1958 to March 1983.
Northern Suburbs District Cricket Club
Northern Suburbs District Cricket Club is a cricket club playing in the XXXX Gold premiership, the leading club cricket competition in Queensland, Australia.  Northern Suburbs District Cricket Club has produced some of the finest players to represent Queensland and Australia in one day and test cricket competition.  Many fine players have represented the Northern Suburbs District Cricket Club at club and representative level, such as Ian Healy and Joe Burns.

Club cricket
Club cricket is a mainly amateur, but still formal form of the sport of cricket, usually involving teams playing in competitions at weekends or in the evening. There is a great deal of variation in game format although the Laws of Cricket are observed. The main nations that club cricket is played in include Pakistan, England, Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies, New Zealand, Bangladesh, Nepal, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Netherlands, Hong Kong and in some of the major cities in India. Club cricket is also now played in the United States and Canada, as both countries have large communities of immigrants from mainstream cricket-playing regions such as the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia.
Svete (river)
The river Švėtė (Lithuanian: Švėtė, Latvian: Svēte) flows through the Šiauliai and Joniškis districts in the northern part of Lithuania, and the southern part of Latvia. The source of the Švėtė is near Tulominai, about 16 km southeast of Kuršėnai, and the river flows north passing by Žagarė, near the Latvian border. It is a tributary of the Lielupe, joining it 8 km to the northwest of Jelgava. The Lielupe ultimately flows into the Baltic Sea.

The upper part of the Švėtė can dry up completely in very dry summers. Its main tributaries are the Šakyna, Žarė, Tērvete, Bērze, Žvairilas, Bukiškis, Juodupis, Katmilžis and Vilkija rivers.

Joniškis District Municipality
Joniškis District Municipality (Joniškio rajono savivaldybė) is a territorial unit of Lithuania with a population of about 30,000. The administrative center of the municipality is the city of Joniškis.
Cody (band)
Cody stylized as CODY is a Danish musical band founded by the Danish roots musician and songwriter Kasper Kaae in 2009. The band  performs alternative country, pop and Nordic folk music. It has released three albums and two EPs to date.

Kaae began writing songs of his own in 2006 and several musicians and friends later joined.  They played the Danish Roskilde Festival three times, G! Festival, Spot Festival, By:Larm, Fusion Festival, Montreux Jazz Festival.

Cody's music was used in the soundtrack of the film 12 Meter Ohne Kopf and Danish films En Familie, Kapringen and Me & You Forever.

Nordic folk music
Nordic folk music includes a number of traditions of Nordic countries, especially Scandinavian. The Nordic countries are Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland.

The many regions of the Nordic countries share certain traditions, many of which have diverged significantly. It is possible to group together Finland, Estonia, Latvia and northwest Russia as sharing cultural similarities, contrasted with Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the Atlantic islands of Iceland and the Faroe Islands. Greenland's Inuit culture has its own musical traditions, influenced by Scandinavian culture. Finland shares many cultural similarities with both Baltics and the Scandinavian nations. The Saami of Sweden, Norway, Finland and Russia have their own unique culture, with ties to the neighboring cultures.
Heartbeat in the Darkness
"Heartbeat in the Darkness" is a song written by Dave Loggins and Russell Smith, and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams.  It was released in May 1986 as the second single from the album New Moves.  The song was Williams' 17th and final number one on the country chart.  The single spent one week at number one and spent a total of 13 weeks on the chart.

Dave Loggins
David Allen Loggins (November 10, 1947 – July 10, 2024) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician. He is best known for his 1974 hit single "Please Come to Boston" as well as his 1984 duet with Anne Murray, "Nobody Loves Me Like You Do".
George Anson (priest)
Christianity portal

George Henry Greville Anson (20 February 1820, in Marylebone – 9 February 1898, in Winchester) was a clergyman and member of the Anson family. He was Rector of St James's, Birch-in-Rusholme and served as  Archdeacon of Manchester  from 30 May 1870 to 1890.

The son of Sir William Anson, 1st Baronet, he was educated at Eton College and Exeter College, Oxford and ordained in 1843. After a curacy at Leeds Parish Church he was, for many years, the incumbent at St James, Rusholme, retiring from the posts of Rector, and Archdeacon of Manchester, in 1890.

He married Augusta Agnes Hook on 27 June 1848.

Marylebone
Marylebone (usually /ˈmɑːrlɪbən/ MAR-lib-ən, also /ˈmærɪ(lə)bən/ MARR-il-ə-bən, MARR-ib-ən) is an area in London, England, and is located in the City of Westminster. It is in Central London and part of the West End. Oxford Street forms its southern boundary.

An ancient parish and latterly a metropolitan borough, it merged with the boroughs of Westminster and Paddington to form the new City of Westminster in 1965.

Marylebone station lies two miles north-west of Charing Cross.

The area is also served by numerous tube stations: Baker Street, Bond Street, Edgware Road (Bakerloo line), Edgware Road (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines), Great Portland Street, Marble Arch, Marylebone, Oxford Circus, and Regent's Park.
Borova, Chuhuiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast
Borova (Ukrainian: Борова) is a village in Chuhuiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine.

Borova was previously located in the Zmiiv Raion. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Zmiiv Raion was merged into Chuhuiv Raion.

Chuhuiv Raion
Chuhuiv Raion (Ukrainian: Чугуївський район) is a raion (district) in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Chuhuiv. Population: 194,177 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Chuhuiv Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions, Pechenihy, Vovchansk, and Zmiiv Raions, as well as the city of Chuhuiv, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Chuhuiv Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 45,362 (2020 est.).
Chamaraja Wodeyar III
Chamaraja Wodeyar III (29 September 1492 – 17 February 1553) was fifth raja of the Kingdom of Mysore and the last one to rule as feudal king under the Vijayanagara Empire. He reigned after his father's demise in 1513 until his death in 1553.

Raja
Raja (/ˈrɑːdʒɑː/; from IAST rājan-) is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

The title has a long history in South Asia and Southeast Asia, being attested from the Rigveda, where a rājan- is a ruler, see for example the daśarājñá yuddhá, the "Battle of Ten Kings".

The title has equivalent cognates in other Indo-European languages, notably the Latin Rex and the Celtic Rix.

The Maratha title "Rao" (or "Rao") functions as both a given name and an honorific title, derived from words like the Sanskrit "Rājā" meaning "king," is a associated with the Kshatriya varna and can be considered a Kshatriya title.
Bank Street Music Writer
Bank Street Music Writer is an application for composing and playing music for the Atari 8-bit computers, Apple II, Commodore 64 and IBM PC. It was written by Glen Clancy and published by Mindscape. The original Atari version, developed under the name "Note Processor", was released in 1985 and uses the computer's on-board sound chip to produce four-voice music recordings. The Commodore 64 version also uses that system's sound hardware, while the Apple (with Mockingboard) and IBM PC versions require a Mindscape Music Board which was included in the retail box, or alternately use the three-voice sound chip standard with all Tandy and IBM PCjr computers.

Users can input sheet music (up to four voices on the Atari version and six on the PC) with the keyboard and play back the results or print them. The program includes several pre-entered songs, including an excerpt from the Nutcracker Suite and "On Top of Old Smoky", which form the basis of the tutorial.

IBM PCjr
The IBM PCjr (pronounced "PC junior") was a home computer produced and marketed by IBM from March 1984 to May 1985, intended as a lower-cost variant of the IBM PC with hardware capabilities better suited for video games, in order to compete more directly with other home computers such as the Apple II and Commodore 64.

It retained the IBM PC's 8088 CPU and BIOS interface, but provided enhanced graphics and sound, ROM cartridge slots, built-in joystick ports, and an infrared wireless keyboard. The PCjr supported expansion via "sidecar" modules, which could be attached to the side of the unit.

Despite widespread anticipation, the PCjr was ultimately unsuccessful in the market. It was only partially IBM PC compatible, limiting support for IBM's software library. Its chiclet keyboard was widely criticized for its poor quality. The PCjr also suffered from limited expandability; it was initially offered with a maximum of 128 KB of RAM, insufficient for many PC programs.
Goniometer (audio)
A goniometer is often included in analog audio equipment to display a Lissajous figure which shows the amount of stereo (that is, phase differences) in a dual-channel signal. It allows the sound technician to adjust for optimal stereo and determine the makeup of errors such as an inverted signal. Many goniometers also provide a VU or PPM as a secondary function. A goniometer adapted for surround metering is called a 'jellyfish display'. This term was coined by DK-Technologies A/S from Denmark.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
Sarvaram
Sarvaram is a village in Thipparthy mandal in Nalgonda district, in the state Telangana. It is 24 km from Nalgonda. It has a population of 2000. Major classic crops in this village are Rice, cotton (Pathi), and commercial crops are sweet lime (Battayi) crop. The main beauty of the village lies in interaction among the people.

Nalgonda district
Nalgonda district is a district in the Telangana state of India. Nalgonda district has the highest number of mandals in the state with 31 mandals. The district shares boundaries with Suryapet, Rangareddy, Yadadri and Nagarkurnool districts and with the state boundary of Andhra Pradesh. 
In terms of area, Nalgonda is the 2nd largest district with an area of 7222.78 km2 in the state.
Xamir people
The Xamir people (also Ximre or Kamyr) are an ethnic group in Ethiopia and are one of the Agaw peoples. The Xamir live in Wag Hemra Zone in the Amhara Region. The three main towns in that area are Sekota, Tsizika, and Dehana.

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.
Motosaburo Masuyama
Motosaburo Masuyama (増山 元三郎, Masuyama Motosaburō, October 3, 1912 – 3 July 2005) was a Japanese statistician who championed the ideas of R.A. Fisher and went on to influence the fields of quality control and biometrics.

Quality control
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements".

This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):

Elements such as controls, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records

Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications

Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships.

Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example.
Santa Cecilia Acatitlan
Acatitlan (Nahuatl: "place among the reeds"; Spanish "carrizal") is an archeological zone of the early Aztec (or early Toltec) culture located in the town of Santa Cecilia, in the municipality of Tlalnepantla de Baz in the State of Mexico, about 10 km (6+1⁄5 miles) northwest of Mexico City. In pre-Columbian times, it was located on the northwest shore of the great Lake Texcoco.

Lake Texcoco
Lake Texcoco (Spanish: Lago de Texcoco; Nahuatl languages: Tetzco(h)co) was a natural saline lake within the Anahuac or Valley of Mexico. Lake Texcoco is best known for an island situated on the western side of the lake where the Mexica built the city of Mēxihco Tenōchtitlan, which would later become the capital of the Aztec Empire. After the Spanish conquest, efforts to control flooding led to most of the lake being drained.

The entire lake basin is now almost completely occupied by Mexico City, the capital of the present-day nation of Mexico. Drainage of the lake has led to serious ecological and human consequences. The local climate and water availability have changed considerably, contributing to water scarcity in the area; subsequent groundwater extraction leads to land subsidence under much of the city. Native species endemic to the lake region, such as the axolotl, have become severely endangered or extinct due to ecosystem change.
C. P. John
C. P. John (born 22 April 1957) is an Indian politician and the General Secretary of the CMP (John). He is the National executive member of Hind Mazdoor Sabha. He was the Vice President of SFI Central committee during 1978 and the youngest President of Kerala State committee of SFI. He served two terms as a member of Kerala State Planning Board.

John is a prominent leader of the UDF, and acts as spokesperson on behalf of the UDF. He was one of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) leadership that sided with M.V. Raghavan when the latter broke with CPI(M) in 1986 and founded the Communist Marxist Party. When M.V. Raghavan died in 2014, the party had split and with the C.P. John-led faction staying with UDF. In 2016 C.P. John was elected general secretary of the Confederation of Indian Communists and Democratic Socialists.

Hind Mazdoor Sabha
The Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS) was formed by the Socialists in 1948 but has little real connection with the Socialist Party. It is one of the least political and most pragmatic trade-union federations in India.   The HMS is affiliated with the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.
Samuel Colver
Samuel Colver (September 10, 1817 – February 15, 1891) was a pioneer of the U.S. state of Oregon, where he co-founded (along with his brother, Hiram) the town of Phoenix. Samuel was born in Irwin, Ohio, to Samuel Colver and Rachel (Curry) Colver.

Irwin, Ohio
Irwin is an unincorporated community in southwestern Union Township, Union County, Ohio, United States.  It is located at the intersection of Ohio State Route 4 and 161. Irwin has a post office which serves the surrounding area, including the community of Rosedale.
Antonio Rostagni
Antonio Rostagni (14 July 1903  – 5 December 1988) was an Italian physicist and academician.

He was a physicist involved in research in the fields of terrestrial physics, electromagnetic waves, and cosmic rays.

He was professor of physics at the University of Messina beginning in 1935 and at the University of Padua beginning in 1938. Among his students was Giuseppe Grioli.

Starting in 1950, he was a corresponding member of the Accademia dei Lincei of which he became a national member. He became a member of the Academy of Sciences of Turin in 1951.

Rostagni was vice-President of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics from 1956 to 1958 and from 1958 to 1959 was director of the Research Division at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) at Vienna.

Academician
An academician is a full member of an artistic, literary, engineering, or scientific academy. In many countries, it is an honorific title used to denote a full member of an academy that has a strong influence on national scientific life.

Accordingly, within systems such as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the title grants privileges and administrative responsibilities for funding allocation and research priorities.
Punctelia digitata
Punctelia digitata is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Patrícia Jungbluth, Marcello Marcelli, and John Alan Elix. The holotype was collected  from Itirapina municipality in São Paulo State. It was found growing on a tree trunk in a cerrado forest, at an altitude of 770 m (2,530 ft). The thallus is greyish in colour, measuring 4.5–10 cm (2–4 in), comprising irregularly branched lobes with a width of 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 in). The specific epithet digitata (Latin for "finger-like") refers to the characteristic shape of the lacinules (vegetative propagules). The lichen contains trace amounts of atranorin, and lecanoric acid as the main secondary metabolite.

John Alan Elix
John Alan (Jack) Elix (born 1941) emeritus professor in chemistry at the Australian National University, is an organic chemist who has contributed in many fields: lichenology, lichen chemotaxonomy, plant physiology and biodiversity and natural product chemistry. He has authored 2282 species names, and 67 genera in the field of mycology. Elix edited the exsiccata series Lichenes Australasici exsiccati.

The standard author abbreviation Elix is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Tim Dean
Timothy J. Dean is a British academic, author, notable in the field of contemporary queer theory, and author of several works on the subject: Gary Snyder and the American Unconscious (1991), Beyond Sexuality (2000), and Unlimited Intimacy: Reflections on the Subculture of Barebacking (2009), all published by the University of Chicago Press, and a co-editor of Homosexuality and Psychoanalysis (2001). Dean published Hatred of Sex together with Oliver Davis in 2022.

Dean first became a British civil servant before attending the University of East Anglia, during which time he participated in a Junior Year Abroad program at Brandeis University, and wrote his undergraduate dissertation on Gary Snyder before graduating BA with First Class Honours in American Studies. He subsequently earned his PhD at Johns Hopkins University (doctoral dissertation on Hart Crane). He was a Fellow at the Stanford Humanities Center (1997-1998). He teaches at the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign).

Gary Snyder
Gary Snyder (born May 8, 1930) is an American poet, essayist, lecturer, and environmental activist. His early poetry has been associated with the Beat Generation and the San Francisco Renaissance and he has been described as the "poet laureate of Deep Ecology".
Snyder is a winner of a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry and the American Book Award. His work, in his various roles, reflects an immersion in both Buddhist spirituality and nature. He has translated literature into English from ancient Chinese and modern Japanese. For many years, Snyder was an academic at the University of California, Davis, and for a time served as a member of the California Arts Council.
Dwaraka Tirumala mandal
Dwaraka Tirumala mandal is one of the 28 mandals in Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Eluru revenue division, and the headquarters are located at Dwaraka Tirumala. The mandal is bounded by Jangareddygudem, Koyyalagudem, Kamavarapukota, Nallajerla, Pedavegi, Unguturu, Denduluru and Bhimadole mandals.

Eluru revenue division
Eluru revenue division (or Eluru division) is an administrative division in the Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 3 revenue divisions in the district which consists of 13 mandals under its administration. Eluru city is the divisional headquarters. The present sixteen mandals became part of the division on 25 May 1985.