hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tajik alphabet
The Tajik language has been written in three alphabets over the course of its history: the original Persian alphabet, a briefly used Roman-based orthography, and—more recently—a Cyrillic-based alphabet that is currently the official script in the Republic of Tajikistan.

The use of a specific alphabet generally corresponds with stages in history, with Arabic being used first for most of the time, followed by Latin, as a result of the Soviet takeover, for a short period and then Cyrillic, which remains the most widely used alphabet in Tajikistan. The Bukhori dialect spoken by Bukharan Jews traditionally used the Hebrew alphabet, but today is written using the Cyrillic variant.

Latinisation in the Soviet Union
Latinisation or latinization (Russian: латиниза́ция, romanized: latinizatsiya [ɫətʲɪnʲɪˈzat͡sɨjə]) was a campaign in the Soviet Union to adopt the Latin script during the 1920s and 1930s. Latinisation aimed to replace Cyrillic and traditional writing systems for all languages of the Soviet Union with Latin or Latin-based systems, or introduce them for languages that did not have a writing system. Latinisation began to slow in the Soviet Union during the 1930s and a Cyrillisation campaign was launched instead. Latinization had effectively ended by the 1940s. Most of these Latin alphabets are defunct and several (especially for languages in the Caucasus) contain multiple letters that do not have Unicode support as of 2023.
Khamakal
Khamakal (Russian: Хамакал) is a rural locality (a selo) in Shamilsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 59 (2021 census); 60 (2002 census); 44 (1989 Soviet census). There is 1 street in this selo.

Shamilsky District
Shamilsky District (Russian: Шамильский райо́н; Avar: Шамилил мухъ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the republic. The area of the district is 920 square kilometers (360 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Khebda. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 28,122, with the population of Khebda accounting for 9.1% of that number.
Shinobu Sugawara
Shinobu Sugawara (菅原 忍, Sugawara Shinobu, born September 2, 1980), better known mononymously by his ring name Shinobu, is a Japanese professional wrestler. He has worked in several promotions, in particular 666, Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW) and Dragon Gate (DG).

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
Gilgoen, New South Wales
Gilgoen Parish is a civil parish of Gregory County, New South Wales.

The parish is in Bogan Shire located at 31°19′14″S 147°27′06″E  north of Nyngan, on Crooked Creek.
The path of totality for the solar eclipse of October 14, 2042 will pass over the parish.

Nyngan
Nyngan (/ˈnɪŋɡən/) is a town in the centre of New South Wales, Australia, in the Bogan Shire local government area within the Orana Region of central New South Wales. At the 2016 census, Nyngan had a population of 1,988 people. Nyngan is situated on the Bogan River between Narromine and Bourke, on the junction of the Mitchell Highway and Barrier Highway, 656 km (408 mi) south of Charleville and 576 km (358 mi) north-west of Sydney by road. The Barrier Highway starts at Nyngan, and runs west to Cobar and on through Wilcannia and Broken Hill into South Australia.

Nyngan Airport is a small airport just north of the town centre. Nyngan also lies on the Main Western railway line of New South Wales but is no longer served by passenger trains. The line remains open to freight traffic.

About 70 km (43 mi) south of the town, a cairn was erected in 1988 marking the centre of NSW.
Jesper Svensson (bowler)
Jesper Svensson (Swedish: [ˈjɛ̌sːpɛr svɛnsɔn]; born 15 February 1995) is a Swedish professional bowler. He has been a member of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) since 2014, and also competes on the European Bowling Tour (EBT). He has won fourteen PBA Tour titles overall, including two major titles at the 2016 and 2025 PBA Tournament of Champions. He also owns six EBT titles and one PBA Regional title. He is known for using the two-handed shovel style delivery with a dominant left hand. He uses non-reactive urethane bowling balls almost exclusively. Svensson is a member of the Storm and Vise Grips pro staffs.

During the 2017 PBA season, ESPN and CBS Sports Network bowling analyst Randy Pedersen gave Svensson the nickname Iceman for the Swede's cool, calm demeanor under pressure.

Randy Pedersen
Randy Pedersen (born May 28, 1962) is an American sportscaster and former professional bowler as a member of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA). He is currently a color analyst for PBA Tour broadcasts on CW Sports and CBS Sports Network/CBS, formerly filling that same role on Fox, ESPN and CBS Sports Network in previous seasons. During the most recent PBA Tour season, he worked alongside play-by-play announcers Rob Stone, Dave Ryan, John Fanta and Dave LaMont, having previously worked with Lon McEachern and Mike Jakubowski. In 2026, he will team with Rick Allen on The CW. Pedersen grew up in Southern California, but relocated to Clermont, Florida in the early 1990s. He has resided in Florida ever since. He and his ex-wife Becky have two children: a son, Chad and a daughter, Savannah.

Pedersen is a member of the PBA and USBC Halls of Fame.
Judiciary of Ohio
The judiciary of Ohio is the branch of the government of Ohio that interprets and applies the law of Ohio, ensures equal justice under law, and provides a mechanism for dispute resolution. The court of last resort is the Ohio Supreme Court.

Dispute resolution
Dispute resolution or dispute settlement is the process of resolving disputes between parties. The term dispute resolution is conflict resolution through legal means.

Prominent venues for dispute settlement in international law include the International Court of Justice (formerly the Permanent Court of International Justice); the United Nations Human Rights Committee (which operates under the ICCPR) and European Court of Human Rights; the Panels and Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization; and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Half of all international agreements include a dispute settlement mechanism.

States are also known to form their own arbitration tribunals to settle disputes. Prominent private international courts, which adjudicate disputes between commercial private entities, include the International Court of Arbitration (of the International Chamber of Commerce) and the London Court of International Arbitration.
2025 Owens Corning 200
The 2025 Owens Corning 200 was the 20th and final stock car race of the 2025 ARCA Menards Series season, and the 4th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, October 4, 2025, at Toledo Speedway in Toledo, Ohio, a 0.5 mile (0.804 km) permanent oval shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. Max Reaves, driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, would put on a dominating performance, leading all but one lap from the pole position to earn his third career ARCA Menards Series win. To fill out the podium, Brenden Queen and Tristan McKee, both driving for Pinnacle Racing Group, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

With a second-place finish, Queen clinched the 2025 ARCA Menards Series championship by virtue of starting the race, 106 points ahead of Lavar Scott, who finished second in the points for the second consecutive year. Queen ended the season with eight wins and 17 top fives to secure the title.

Tristan McKee
Tristan McKee (born August 3, 2010) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the ARCA Menards Series and the ARCA Menards Series West, and full-time in the ARCA Menards Series East, driving the No. 77 Chevrolet SS for Pinnacle Racing Group. He last competed in the TA2 Trans Am Series class in the No. 28 Spire Motorsports/Gainbridge/SLR-M1 Chevrolet Camaro.
LNFA 2
LNFA 2 (initials of Liga Nacional de Fútbol Americano 2) was the name of the second most important american football league in Spain, behind LNFA, and Portugal´s most important at the time.

The league was run by the Spanish Association of American Football (Agrupación Española de Futbol Americano (AEFA) in Spanish language).

It was established in 2004 and folded in 2009.

It was played under nine-man football rules.

Nine-man football
Nine-man football is a type of American football played by high schools that are too small to field teams for the usual 11-man game. In the United States, the Minnesota State High School League, North Dakota High School Activities Association, South Dakota High School Activities Association, and Wyoming High School Activities Association hold high-school state tournaments in nine-man football. It is the earliest attested reduced-man variant of football, being attested as early as 1889 in an Amateur Athletic Union-sanctioned college football game at the original outdoor Madison Square Garden.
2016 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0
The 2016 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 was a multi-event motor racing championship for open wheel, formula racing cars held across Europe. The championship features drivers competing in 2 litre Formula Renault single seat race cars that conform to the technical regulations for the championship.

The 2016 season was the 26th and final season Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 season organized by the Renault Sport and the first season as the main category of the World Series by Renault. The season began at Ciudad del Motor de Aragón on 16 April and finished on 23 October at Autódromo do Estoril. The series formed part of the World Series by Renault meetings at six events.

Formula Renault
Formula Renault are classes of formula racing popular in Europe and elsewhere. Regarded as an entry-level series to motor racing, it was founded in 1971, and was a respected series where drivers can learn advanced racecraft before moving on to higher formulas.

Renault now backs the French F4 Championship and Formula Regional European Championship. The World Series by Renault once included Formula Renault 3.5 before becoming World Series Formula V8 3.5 in 2016, then folding in 2017.
Rabia Kaya
Rabia Kaya (born 5 December 1994) is a Turkish weightlifter. She won the silver medal in the women's 75 kg event at the 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Baku, Azerbaijan.

In 2017, she competed in the women's 75 kg event at the European Weightlifting Championships held in Split, Croatia without winning a medal. In the same year, she also represented Turkey at the 2017 Summer Universiade held in Taipei, Taiwan in the women's 75 kg event. In this event she finished in 6th place.

At the 2018 Mediterranean Games in Tarragona, Spain, she won the bronze medal in the 75 kg Snatch event.

Weightlifting at the 2018 Mediterranean Games
The weightlifting competitions at the 2018 Mediterranean Games took place between 23 and 27 June at the Constantí Pavilion in Constantí.

Athletes competed in 12 weight categories (6 for men and 6 for women).
Callophrys henrici
Callophrys henrici, the Henry's elfin or woodland elfin, is a North American butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. In Canada it is found from southern Manitoba to southern Nova Scotia. It has two main groups of populations in the United States; the first is found along the Atlantic Coast and uses various hollies (Ilex) as host plants; and the second is found mainly in the north and the Appalachians where they use redbud (Cercis canadensis) as a host plant. Henry's elfin is increasing in New England because of an introduced buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) it now uses as a host plant. It is listed as a species of special concern in the US state of Connecticut.

Holly
Ilex (/ˈaɪlɛks/) or holly is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. Ilex has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide. The type species is Ilex aquifolium, the common European holly used in Christmas decorations and cards.
Benita Parri
Benita Parri (until 1937 Fink, 1937–1943 Virgla; 2 February 1922 – 21 May 2008) was an Estonian figure skating and tennis coach and former ice dancer.

She was born in Viljandi.

In 1936 she joined with Frieda Rosenberg's gymnastics and dance group. In 1951 he won silver medal at Estonian championships in ice dance.

1950–1965 he worked as a figure skating and tennis coach at Viljandi Sport Club. Students: Anne Ronk, Malle Aarik, Mait Murss.

Viljandi
Viljandi (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈvilʲːjɑnʲːdi]) is a city and municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 17,255 in 2024. It is the capital of Viljandi County and is geographically located between two major Estonian cities, Pärnu and Tartu.

The town was first mentioned in 1283, upon being granted its town charter by Wilhelm von Endorpe. The town became a member of the Hanseatic League at the beginning of the 14th century, and is one of five Estonian cities and cities in the league. The once influential Estonian newspaper Sakala was founded in Viljandi in 1878.
Space Riders
Space Riders is a 1984 British sports drama film directed by Joe Massot. It stars Grand Prix motorcycle racing world champion Barry Sheene as himself. It tells the story of Sheene's pursuit of the world title, including his recovery from a near-fatal accident at Silverstone.

Steve Parrish
Stephen James Parrish (born 24 February 1953 in Cambridge, England) also known as "Stavros", is a British former professional motorcycle and truck racer, who is now a motorsport television commentator and speaker/entertainer.
Longstreet Rosenwald School
Longstreet Rosenwald School (1924–1969) was a two-room Rosenwald school for African American students in Keachi, DeSoto Parish, and near Longstreet, Louisiana. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 22, 2009, for educational and African American history. It briefly was called Longstreet High School in later years, and is now known as the Longstreet Rosenwald School Community Center.

Longstreet, Louisiana
Longstreet is a village in DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Longstreet had a population of 115. It is part of the Shreveport–Bossier City Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Longstreet is named for military officer James Longstreet.
Rajesh Garg
Rajesh Garg, sometimes known as Rajesh Garg Rohiniwala, is an Indian politician. He was elected a Member of the Legislative Assembly from the Rohini constituency in the 2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly elections. He is also a Right to Information activist.

Rohini Assembly constituency
Rohini Assembly constituency is one of the seventy Delhi assembly constituencies of Delhi in northern India.
Rohini assembly constituency is a part of North West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency). This constituency was created by reorganization by Delimitation Commission of India in 2008.
Loo (novel)
Loo (Nepali: लू, lit. 'fast moving hot westerly wind') is a 2012 Nepali novel by Nayan Raj Pandey. It is the fifth novel of the writer and was published in 2012 by Sangri~La Publication. The book was critically acclaimed and became a bestseller.

The book is set in a village near Indo-Nepalese border in western Nepal. The book includes the writer's own experience growing up in Nepalgunj. According to writer, the main character Elaiya is a combination of people, he knew growing up. The book was reprinted by FinePrint Publication in 2015.

Nepalgunj
Nepalgunj (Nepali: नेपालगञ्ज; [neˈpalɡʌnd͡z]), also spelled Nepalganj, is a Sub-Metropolitan City in Banke District, Nepal. It lies on the Terai plains near the southern border with Bahraich district in Uttar Pradesh, India. Nepalgunj is 153 kilometers south-west of Ghorahi and 16 km south of Kohalpur. Former Village Development Committee: Udayapur, Bhawaniyapur, Piprahawa, Jaispur, Paraspur, Indrapur, Khaskarkado, Basudevpur, Manikapur and Puraina were added to territory in order to make it Sub metropolitan city on 2071 Paush 28 and later Puraini was also added in list on 2072 Paush 21. Further, while restructuring of local levels nationwide, ward no. 23 (former Indrapur VDC) was taken out to Janaki Rural Municipality and ward no. 7 of Hirminiya VDC was added to Nepalgunj.
Apollonian gasket
In mathematics, an Apollonian gasket,  Apollonian net, or Apollonian circle packing is a fractal generated by starting with a triple of circles, each tangent to the other two, and successively filling in more circles, each tangent to another three. It is named after Greek mathematician Apollonius of Perga.

Alex Kontorovich
Alex V. Kontorovich is an American mathematician who works in the areas of analytic number theory, automorphic forms and representation theory, L-functions, harmonic analysis, and homogeneous dynamics.
Hemozoin
Haemozoin is a disposal product formed from the digestion of blood by some blood-feeding parasites. These hematophagous organisms such as malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.), Rhodnius and Schistosoma digest haemoglobin and release high quantities of free heme, which is the non-protein component of haemoglobin. Heme is a prosthetic group consisting of an iron atom contained in the center of a heterocyclic porphyrin ring. Free heme is toxic to cells, so the parasites convert it into an insoluble crystalline form called hemozoin. In malaria parasites, hemozoin is often called malaria pigment.

Since the formation of hemozoin is essential to the survival of these parasites, it is an attractive target for developing drugs. It is much-studied in Plasmodium as a way to find drugs to treat malaria (malaria's Achilles' heel). Several currently used antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine and mefloquine, are thought to kill malaria parasites by inhibiting haemozoin biocrystallization.

Achilles' heel
An Achilles' heel (or  Achilles heel) is a weakness despite overall strength, which can lead to downfall. While the mythological origin refers to a physical vulnerability, idiomatic references to other attributes or qualities that can lead to downfall are common.
Rhodeus uyekii
Rhodeus uyekii is a temperate freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acheilognathidae, the bitterlings.  It originates in inland rivers in South Korea. It was originally described as Pseudoperilampus uyekii by T. Mori in 1935.

Named in honor of Homiki Uyeki (1882-1976), botanist, Suigen Agricultural College (type locality is in Suigen, Korea).

The fish reaches a length up to 6.0 cm (2.4 in). When spawning, the females deposit their eggs inside bivalves, where they hatch and the young remain until they can swim.

Acheilognathidae
The bitterling-like cyprinids form the cyprinoid family Acheilognathidae. This family contains seven genera, although the Khanka spiny bitterling is often placed in Acheilognathus, and at least 75 described species to date. Over half of the species are in the genus Acheilognathus.
Flecha
Flecha is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Flecha (footballer), full name Gilberto Alves de Souza (1946–2022), Brazilian footballer

Juan Antonio Flecha (born 1977), Argentina-born Spanish road bicycle racer

Mateo Flecha "El Viejo" (1481–1553), Spanish composer

Ramon Flecha (born 1952), professor of sociology at the University of Barcelona

Mateo Flecha
Mateo Flecha (Catalan: Mateu Fletxa; 1481–1553) was a Spanish composer born in Kingdom of Aragon, in the region of Prades. He is sometimes known as "El Viejo" (the elder) to distinguish him from his nephew, Mateo Flecha "El Joven" (the younger), also a composer of madrigals.  "El Viejo" is best known for his ensaladas, published in Prague in 1581 by the same nephew.
At Work (film)
At Work (French: À pied d'œuvre) is a 2025 French drama film and directed by Valérie Donzelli, co-written by Donzelli and Gilles Marchand, based on the novel of the same name by Franck Courtès. It stars Bastien Bouillon, Virginie Ledoyen, and Marie Rivière.

The film had its world premiere in the main competition of the 82nd Venice International Film Festival on 29 August 2025, where it won the award for Best Screenplay.

Gilles Marchand
Gilles Marchand (born 18 June 1963) is a French film director and screenwriter. He has directed five films since 1987. His film Qui a tué Bambi? was screened out of competition at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival.
Pcmicro
pcmicro was a large Bulletin Board System (BBS) support site from 1981 to 1998. Before the World Wide Web became popular, the pcmicro BBS served as a central file repository for all non-commercial BBS software and related utilities. The BBS was a FidoNet member from 1991 to 1997, and was a support and distribution site for several shareware and freeware BBS packages including RemoteAccess, Proboard, and EleBBS. pcmicro later released a Telnet communications driver named NetFoss which allows DOS-based BBS software to be used over Telnet.

While the BBS is no longer in service today its entire collection of freeware and shareware BBS software and utilities can be found on the BBS Archives at http://archives.thebbs.org. Containing thousands of third-party add-ons for BBS packages.

Device driver
A device driver is software that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer. A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling other software to access hardware functions without needing to know precise details about the hardware.

A driver communicates with the device through the computer bus or communications subsystem to which the hardware connects. When a calling program invokes a routine in the driver, the driver issues commands to the device (drives it). Once the device sends data back to the driver, the driver may invoke routines in the original calling program.

Drivers are hardware-dependent and operating-system-specific. They usually provide the interrupt handling required for any necessary asynchronous time-dependent hardware interface.
François Josephe Fettig
Abbé François Joseph Fettig (10 July 1824, Mothern near Wissembourg – 5 May 1906, Matzenheim)
was a French entomologist specialising in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera.

His collections are shared between Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (Coleoptera), Museum Colmar (Microlepidoptera and larvae, destroyed or badly damaged) and Zoological Museum, Strasbourg (Macrolepidoptera).

National Museum of Natural History, France
In France, the National Museum of Natural History (French: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle [myzeɔm nɑsjɔnal distwaʁ natyʁɛl]; MNHN) is the national natural history museum of France and a grand établissement of higher education part of Sorbonne University. The main museum, with four galleries,  is located in Paris, France, within the Jardin des Plantes on the left bank of the River Seine. It was formally founded in 1793, during the French Revolution, but was begun even earlier in 1635 as the royal garden of medicinal plants. The museum now has 14 sites throughout France.

Since the 2014 reform, it has been headed by a chairman, assisted by deputy managing directors. The Museum has a staff of approximately 2,350 members, including six hundred researchers. It is a member of the national network of naturalist collections (RECOLNAT).