hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Postage stamps and postal history of Bhutan
The first postage stamps of Bhutan were issued in 1962, the same year that the first motorable road was opened. Before that there was a mail delivery system in place for official mail using mail runners, and between 1955 and 1962 revenue stamps were accepted as payment for internal mail. With the opening up of Bhutan in the early 1960s, a formal postal system was introduced.

The American entrepreneur Burt Todd assisted in establishing a postage stamp program in the country and Bhutan became known for the unusual designs and materials of its stamps which were chosen by Todd specifically to attract attention. With the assistance of the Indian postal advisor Dr. K. Ramamurti, who was in Bhutan from 1964 to 1968, a proper postal organization and infrastructure was set up under the leadership of a young Bhutanese officer Mr. Lam Penjor, who became the Director of the Department of Posts and Telegraphs.

Asian-Pacific Postal Union
The Asian-Pacific Postal Union (APPU) is an intergovernmental organization of 32 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The purpose of the union is to extend, facilitate and improve the postal relations and promote cooperation in the field of the postal services between the member-countries. APPU is a Restricted Union as defined by Article 8 of the Universal Postal Union, serving to coordinate postal services in the region. It is headquartered in Bangkok, Thailand.
Blake's hitch
The Blake's hitch is a friction hitch commonly used by arborists and tree climbers as an ascending knot.  Unlike other common climbing hitches, which often use a loop of cord, the Blake's hitch is formed using the end of a rope.  Although it is a stable knot, it is often backed up with a stopper knot, such as a figure-of-eight knot, for safety.  It is used for both ascending and descending, and is preferred by many arborists over other hitches, such as the taut-line hitch, as it is less prone to binding.

Arborist
An arborist, or (less commonly) arboriculturist, is a professional in the practice of arboriculture, which is the cultivation, management, and study of individual trees, shrubs, vines, and other perennial woody plants in dendrology and horticulture.

Arborists generally focus on the health and safety of individual plants and trees, rather than managing forests or harvesting wood (silviculture or forestry).  An arborist's scope of work is therefore distinct from that of either a forester or a logger.
Filippovia knipovitchi
Filippovia knipovitchi, the smooth hooked squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae and the sole member of the genus Filippovia. It is found in the Antarctic and Atlantic Oceans, and reaches a mantle length of 35 cm.

Mantle (mollusc)
The mantle (also known by the Latin word pallium meaning mantle, robe or cloak, adjective pallial) is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself.

In many species of molluscs the epidermis of the mantle secretes calcium carbonate and conchiolin, and creates a shell. In sea slugs there is a progressive loss of the shell and the mantle becomes the dorsal surface of the animal.

The words mantle and pallium both originally meant ‘cloak’ or ‘cape’; see mantle (vesture). This anatomical structure in molluscs often resembles a cloak because in many groups the edges of the mantle, usually referred to as the mantle margin, extend far beyond the main part of the body, forming flaps, double-layered structures which have been adapted for many different uses, including for example, the siphon.
Cladonia gracilis
Cladonia gracilis or the smooth cup lichen is a species of fruticose, cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was first described as a new species by  Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum. German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow transferred it to the genus Cladonia in 1787. In North America, it is known colloquially as the "smooth Cladonia".

The Cladonia gracilis group is a monophyletic group of species that all are morphologically similar to C. gracilis. In this group, the delimitations of species is difficult due to the morphological similarity between taxa, and the fact that many of the characters used to classify species are influenced by environmental factors such as light exposure, temperature or humidity.

Fruticose lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts.  Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes.  Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions.
Nana Akuoko Sarpong
Nana Kwame Akuoko Sarpong, CV (born 11 August 1938) is a Ghanaian traditional ruler, politician and lawyer. He is the paramount chief or Omanhene of the Agogo Traditional Area of Ghana. He served as Secretary for Health (Minister for Health), Secretary for Internal Affairs (Minister for the Interior) and Secretary for Chieftaincy Affairs (Minister for Chieftaincy and Religious Affairs) in the PNDC government. He also served as a member of the council of state in the fourth Republic.

Obed Asamoah
Obed Yao Asamoah (born 6 February 1936) is a Ghanaian lawyer, academic and politician. Asamoah was the longest serving foreign minister and Attorney General of Ghana under Jerry Rawlings from 1981 to 1997. Asamoah was educated at King's College London and at Columbia University.
Search for the Titanic
Search for the Titanic is a graphic adventure developed by Codesmiths and IntraCorp and published by its subsidiary Capstone Software in 1989. It was released for MS-DOS compatible operating systems, then ported to the Commodore 64. Versions for the Apple II and Amiga were planned, but never reached development (or just cancelled and not completed in the case of the announced Apple II port). Accolade, Inc. helped to distribute the game. Much of the gameplay is based on Robert Ballard's expedition to locate the wreck of the RMS Titanic.

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI, acronym pronounced /ˈhuːi/ HOO-ee) is a private, nonprofit research and higher education facility dedicated to the study of marine science and engineering.

Established in 1930 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, it is the largest independent oceanographic research institution in the U.S., with staff and students numbering about 1,000.
Dieter Ebert
Dieter Ebert is professor for Zoology and Evolutionary Biology at the Department of Environmental Science, section Zoology, at the University of Basel in Basel, Switzerland. He is an evolutionary ecologist and geneticist, known for his research on host–pathogen interaction and coevolution, mainly using the model system Daphnia and its parasites.

Daphnia
Daphnia is a genus of small planktonic crustaceans,  0.2–6.0 mm (0.01–0.24 in) in length. Daphnia are members of the order Anomopoda, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called water fleas because their saltatory swimming style resembles the movements of fleas. Daphnia spp. live in various aquatic environments ranging from acidic swamps to freshwater lakes and ponds.

The two most commonly found species of Daphnia are D. pulex (small and most common) and D. magna (large). They are often associated with a related genus in the order Cladocera: Moina, which is in the Moinidae group instead of the Daphniidae, and is much smaller than D. pulex (roughly half the maximum length).
Mahatsinjo, Vondrozo
Mahatsinjo is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Vondrozo, which is a part of Atsimo-Atsinanana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 13,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 98% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crops are coffee and pepper, while other important agricultural products are cassava and rice. Services provide employment for 2% of the population.

Atsimo-Atsinanana
Atsimo-Atsinanana (South East) is a region in Madagascar. Its capital is Farafangana. The region used to be part of the Fianarantsoa Province.

The region extends along the southern part of the east coast of Madagascar. It is bordered by Fitovinany and Haute Matsiatra (North), Ihorombe (West) and Anosy (South).

The population was 1,026,674 in 2018. It is among the poorest regions in the country, with a poverty rate of 83.9% according to a 2005 government report.
Chiemsee (municipality)
Chiemsee (German pronunciation: [ˈkiːmzeː] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria in Germany, named after the lake Chiemsee. It is Bavaria's smallest municipality by area and the second smallest (after Balderschwang) by population.

The municipal area comprises not the lake itself but the islands of Herrenchiemsee (Herreninsel) with its Palaces, Frauenchiemsee and the uninhabited Krautinsel. While the island of Herrenchiemsee with 2.38 km2 (0.92 sq mi) is by far the largest, most of Chiemsee's inhabitants live on 0.15 km2 (0.058 sq mi) Frauenchiemsee.

Chiemsee
Chiemsee (German pronunciation: [ˈkiːmzeː] ⓘ) is a freshwater lake in Bavaria, Germany, near Rosenheim. It is often called "the Bavarian Sea". The rivers Tiroler Achen and Prien flow into the lake from the south, and the river Alz flows out towards the north. The Alz flows into the Inn which then merges with the Danube. The Chiemsee is divided into the bigger, north section, in the northeast, called Weitsee, and the Inselsee, in the southwest.

The Chiemgau, the region surrounding the Chiemsee, is a popular recreation area.
Chankurbe
Chankurbe (Russian: Чанкурбе; Dargwa: ЧӀянкӀурбе) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Chankubinsky Selsoviet, Buynaksky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,209 as of 2010. There are nine streets.

Buynaksky District
Buynaksky District  (Russian: Буйнакский район, Kumyk: Шура якъ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic. The area of the district is 1,842.09 square kilometers (711.23 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Buynaksk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 73,402.
Bhimajuli massacre
Bhimajuli massacre of 2009 was named after Bhimajuli, a village in Assam, India, where NDFB militants of its anti-talks faction led by Ranjan Daimary fired indiscriminately at villagers in Bhimajuli, in Sonitpur district near the Assam-Arunachal border  killing five people on the spot and six later, including an eight-year-old girl on October 4, 2009.

Protests broke out soon after and angry residents came out of their houses with bows and arrows in their hands. They also did not allow CRPF personnel to enter their village. The outraged villagers accused the government of failing to maintain law and order.

Different organisations such as the All Assam Gorkha Student Union, All Assam Students Union, All Assam President of Asom Xatra Mahaxabha Bhadra Krishna Goswami condemned the killings at Bhimajuli in a press meet.

All Assam Students' Union
All Assam Students' Union or AASU is an Assamese nationalist student's organization in Assam, India. It is best known for leading the six-year Assam Movement against Bengalis of both Indian and Bangladeshi origin living in Assam. The original leadership of the organisation, after the historic Assam Accord of 1985, became part of the newly formed Asom Gana Parishad which formed a state government in Assam..
Kirchilpe
Kirchilpe is a locality in the municipality Schmallenberg in the district Hochsauerlandkreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The village has 33 inhabitants and lies in the north of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 400 m. Kirchilpe borders on the villages of Dorlar, Twismecke, Beisinghausen, Landenbeck and Nierentrop. The village used to belong to the municipality of Dorlar in Amt Schmallenberg until the end of 1974.

Hochsauerlandkreis
Hochsauerlandkreis (German pronunciation: [ˈhoːxzaʊɐlantˌkʁaɪs], lit. 'High Sauerland District') is a Kreis (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Soest, Paderborn, Höxter, Waldeck-Frankenberg, Siegen-Wittgenstein, Olpe, Märkischer Kreis.

The district is named “High Sauerland” because two of the highest mountains of the Sauerland mountainous landscape, Langenberg and Kahler Asten are in its territory. With 2,766 ft / 843 m (Langenberg) and 2,762 ft / 842 m (Kahler Asten) these are also the highest mountains of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Anomalies (album)
Anomalies is Cephalic Carnage's fourth full-length album. It was released on Relapse Records. A video was released for the album's single, "Dying Will Be the Death of Me". The song is a parody of American metalcore.

Anomalies was released on CD and 12" vinyl format. It was recorded from November to December 2004.

Relapse Records
Relapse Records is an American independent record label based in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania. It was founded by Matthew F. Jacobson in 1990. The label features many grindcore, death metal, metalcore and sludge metal artists.
Randy Pausch
Randolph Frederick Pausch (/paʊʃ/) (October 23, 1960 – July 25, 2008) was an American educator, a professor of computer science, human–computer interaction, and design at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Pausch learned he had pancreatic cancer in September 2006. In August 2007, he was given a terminal diagnosis: "three to six months of good health left". He gave an upbeat lecture titled, "The Last Lecture: Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams" on September 18, 2007 at Carnegie Mellon, which became a popular YouTube video and led to other media appearances. He co-authored a book of the same name, The Last Lecture, which became a New York Times best-seller.

Pausch died of complications from pancreatic cancer on July 25, 2008, aged 47.

Jared Cohon
Jared Leigh Cohon (October 7, 1947 – March 16, 2024) was an American academic administrator who served as the eighth president of Carnegie Mellon University beginning in 1997 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. As of 2014, he was a University Professor in the Carnegie Mellon College of Engineering.
Zoppetti
Zoppetti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alessandro Zoppetti (born 1979), Italian footballer

Cesare Zoppetti (1876–1940), Italian actor

David Zoppetti (born 1962), Swiss writer

Alessandro Zoppetti
Alessandro Zoppetti (born 28 March 1979) is an Italian former football defender.

Zoppetti came through the ranks of Cremonese as a teenager, where he was snapped up by Reggina. He failed to establish himself with the amaranto and was subsequently sent out on loan to several Serie B clubs.

He signed a 3-year contract with Pescara  in 2005.
Lauren Stone
Lauren Stone (born 1987) is a Canadian politician, who was elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of Manitoba in the 2023 Manitoba general election. She represents the district of Midland as a member of the Manitoba Progressive Conservative Party.

Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba
The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba (PC; French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is currently the opposition party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, following a defeat in the 2023 provincial election.
2010 WTA Tour
The 2010 WTA Tour or 2010 Sony Ericsson WTA Tour (its sponsored name)  calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5 and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions and the WTA Tour Championships). Also included in the 2010 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points and is organized by the ITF.

WTA Tournament of Champions
WTA Tournament of Champions was a women's season ending tennis tournament for players who have won one or more of the WTA International tournaments during the year but did not qualify for the WTA Championships. The Tournament of Champions took place from 2009 until 2014; it was then replaced by a new format year-end tournament: the WTA Elite Trophy.
Ranni Forest Division
The Ranni Forest Division in Kerala, India, was constituted on 7 July 1958, comprising the Ranni, Vadasserikkara and Goodrical ranges, with its headquarters at Ranni. It covers the parts of Konni reserve forest and the reserves of Ranni, Goodrical, Rajampara, Karimkulam, Kumaramperoor, Valiyakavu, and Schettakkal. It covers an area of 1,059 square kilometres (409 sq mi). It is the largest forest division by area in Kerala

Konni, Kerala
Konni, also spelt Konny, is a town and taluk headquarters in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, India. Konni is known for its elephant cages, forests, and rubber plantations. It is also known as "Aanakoodinte Nadu". Nearest town is Pathanamthitta. Konni is located 32 km (20 mi) from Chengannur railway station and NH 183 in Chengannur. It is well-connected via the Muvattupuzha - Punalur state highway.
Biechów, Ostrowiec County
Biechów [ˈbjɛxuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kunów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Kunów, 8 km (5 mi) west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and 48 km (30 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Ostrowiec County
Ostrowiec County (Polish: powiat ostrowiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Ćmielów, lying 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and Kunów, 9 km (6 mi) west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski.

The county covers an area of 616.33 square kilometres (238.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 109,512, out of which the population of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski is 68,641, that of Ćmielów is 3,012, that of Kunów is 2,967, and the rural population is 34,892.
Miss USA 2001
Miss USA 2001 was the 50th Miss USA pageant, held at the Genesis Convention Center in Gary, Indiana on March 2, 2001. The event was won by Kandace Krueger of Texas, who was crowned by outgoing queen Lynnette Cole of Tennessee.

The pageant was held in Gary for the first time, at the Genesis Convention Center. The city spent more than $6 million to prepare for the pageant.

William Shatner hosted the pageant and color commentary was provided by Tommy Davidson, Vanessa Minnillo, Miss Teen USA 1998 and reigning Miss Universe Lara Dutta.  Entertainment was provided by  Lara Fabian, Evan and Jaron and The Warren Brothers.

Miss Universe 2000
Miss Universe 2000 was the 49th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Eleftheria Indoor Hall in Nicosia, Cyprus, on 12 May 2000.

At the conclusion of the event, Mpule Kwelagobe of Botswana crowned Lara Dutta of India as Miss Universe 2000. It is the country's second victory in the pageant's history after Sushmita Sen won in 1994.

Contestants from seventy-nine countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The competition was hosted by Sinbad, with Miss USA 1996 Ali Landry and Julie Moran providing commentary and analysis throughout the event. Elvis Crespo, Dave Koz, Montell Jordan, and Anna Vissi performed in this year's pageant.
The God Box (album)
The God Box (stylized as #TheGodBox) is the sixth solo studio album by American rapper and record producer David Banner from Mississippi. It was released on May 19, 2017, via A Banner Vision. It features guest appearances from Raheem DeVaughn, WatchTheDuck, Big K.R.I.T., Big Rube, Black Thought, Cee-Lo Green, Devon Lewow, Kap G, Kenya Jori, Tim Wise, Rudy Currence and Tito Lo.

Watch the Duck
Watch the Duck (WTD, stylized as WATCH THE DUCK)  is an American musical duo from Montgomery, Alabama, United States. Their 2012 song, "Poppin’ Off" was added to mtvU's regular rotation. The group signed with Pharrell's i am OTHER, an imprint of Interscope Records in 2017. Their 2018 single, "There You Are" was described as "a more intimate and personal sound starring Jesse's R&B vocal" and a "feel-good record that encourages listeners to stay in the moment, and move with whatever feelings come from being in the present."
Grinde (landform)
A grinde (plural: grinden) is an almost treeless area of wet heathland found on the rounded bunter sandstone ridges of the Northern Black Forest in Germany. The grinden reached their greatest extent in the early 19th century when they ran from the Kniebis mountain near Freudenstadt in the south to the heights near Dobel in the north. Today they are restricted to the highest parts of the Northern Black Forest around the summits of the Hornisgrinde, Schliffkopf and Kniebis (900 to 1,163 m above sea level (NHN)). They still cover an area of about 180 ha. Conservation measures and careful grazing by robust breeds of cattle (especially the Hinterwald), goats and sheep should enable the remaining grinden to be preserved for their great ecological value and as an important feature of the landscape. Most of them are under conservation orders.

Normalhöhennull
Normalhöhennull (German pronunciation: [nɔʁmaːlˈhøːənˌnʊl], "standard elevation zero") or NHN is a vertical datum used in Germany.

In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical eminence height above mean sea level used in the 1932 German Mean Height Reference System (Deutsches Haupthöhennetz). The plane is in the shape of a quasi-geoid. The reference height is a geodetic, fixed point on the New Church of St. Alexander at Wallenhorst in the German state of Lower Saxony. The geopotential height of this point was calculated in 1986 as part of the United European Levelling Network (UELN), based on the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
Pierre Tari
Pierre Tari was owner of Château Giscours and from 1975 to 1989 President of the Union des Grands Crus de Bordeaux, the organization of the wine classified in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. He served as an expert taster in the historic Judgment of Paris wine competition.

Judgment of Paris (wine)
The Paris Wine Tasting of 1976, also known as the Judgment of Paris, was a wine competition, to commemorate the United States Bicentennial, organized in Paris, France, on 24 May 1976 by Steven Spurrier, a British wine merchant, and his American colleague, Patricia Gallagher, in which French oenophiles participated in two blind tasting comparisons: one of top-quality Chardonnays and another of red wines (Bordeaux wines from France and Cabernet Sauvignon wines from California).  A Napa County wine was rated best in each category, which caused surprise as France was generally regarded as being the foremost producer of the world's best wines.  By the early 1970s, the quality of some California wines was outstanding, but few took notice, as the market favored French brands. Spurrier sold predominately French wines and believed the California wines would not be favored by the judges.

The event's informal name "Judgment of Paris" is an allusion to the ancient Greek myth.