hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamilton Naki
Hamilton Naki (26 June 1926 – 29 May 2005) was a South African laboratory assistant known for his contributions to surgical research and medical training despite having no formal medical training. He worked with cardiac surgeon Christiaan Barnard at the University of Cape Town, where he was involved with organ transplant research on animals and trained medical students in surgical techniques. His contributions to medical science, particularly in an era of racial segregation and apartheid, have been recognized as remarkable.

Following his death, controversy arose regarding false claims in multiple obituaries, including those published by at least five periodicals and the Associated Press, that stated he participated in the world's first human-to-human heart transplantation in 1967. These statements were later retracted due to lack of evidence. The incident has been cited as an example of inadequate fact-checking in journalism, and delayed correction of reporting errors.

Cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a  surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
Bison (2014 film)
Bison is a Canadian short film, directed by Kevan Funk and released in 2014. A critique of colonialism, the film stars Dylan Playfair as a young man who makes an unsettling discovery while helping to brand cattle on a ranch.

The cast also includes Tyler Burrows, James Michel, Kody Abrahamson, Derek Abrahamson and Kurt Max Runte.

The film premiered at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. It was later named to TIFF's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list of the year's best Canadian short films.

Livestock branding
Livestock branding is a technique for marking livestock so as to identify the owner. Originally, livestock branding only referred to hot branding large stock with a branding iron, though the term now includes alternative techniques. Other forms of livestock identification include freeze branding, inner lip or ear tattoos, earmarking, ear tagging, and radio-frequency identification (RFID), which is tagging with a microchip implant. The semi-permanent paint markings used to identify sheep are called a paint or color brand. In the American West, branding evolved into a complex marking system still in use today.
Saigon River Park
Saigon River Park (Vietnamese: Công viên bờ sông Sài Gòn), or Saigon Riverside Park, is a 20 hectares (49 acres) riverside park in the Thu Thiem New Urban Area of An Khánh (Thủ Đức), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The park stretches along the right bank of Saigon River from the Saigon River Tunnel to Ba Son Bridge, opposite to Bạch Đằng Quay park on the left bank. The extended section from the Ba Son Bridge to the Thu Thiem Bridge is called Creative Park (Công viên Sáng Tạo).

An area of the park in front of The Opera Residences Tower, next to Ba Son Bridge is a planned new Opera House of the city and under construction Ho Chi Minh City Planning Exhibition Center.

Thủ Thiêm Bridge
Thủ Thiêm Bridge is a 6-lane bridge in Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city of Vietnam, opened in 2008. The bridge links District 2 with Bình Thạnh District, near downtown District 1. This bridge is an important link between existing downtown of Ho Chi Minh City with Thu Thiem New Urban Area. The cost estimate for construction of the bridge was US$60 million, implemented by a consortium of Vietnamese contractors. The progress was delayed due to delay in land compensation – a big problem in project management faced by many investors in Vietnam.
2023 Andorrà Open
The 2023 Creand Andorrà Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which is also part of the 2023 WTA 125 tournaments, offering a total of $115,000 in prize money. It took place at the Poliesportiu d'Andorra in Andorra la Vella, the capital city of the principality of Andorra between 27 November and 3 December 2023.

Andorrà Open
The Andorrà Open is a WTA 125-level professional women's tennis tournament. It takes place on indoor hard courts, in the months of November-December at the Poliesportiu d'Andorra in the city of Andorra la Vella in the principality of Andorra. The prize money is $115,000, making it the biggest ever tennis tournament to have been held in Andorra. Prior to this event, an ATP Challenger tournament was held on outdoor hard courts at the Complex Esportiu Prat del Roure in Escaldes–Engordany between 2001 and 2004 (an indoor hard challenger also took place from 1993–1999 at Pavelló de l'Aldosa).
White liquor
White liquor is a strongly alkaline solution composed mainly of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide. It is used in the first stage of the Kraft process in which lignin and hemicellulose are separated from cellulose fiber for the production of pulp. The white liquor breaks the bonds between lignin and cellulose. It is called white liquor due to its white opaque colour.

Hemicellulose
A hemicellulose (also known as polyose) is one of a number of heteropolymers (matrix polysaccharides), such as arabinoxylans, present along with cellulose in almost all terrestrial plant cell walls. Cellulose is crystalline, strong, and resistant to hydrolysis. Hemicelluloses are branched, shorter in length than cellulose, and also show a propensity to crystallize.  They can be hydrolyzed by dilute acid or base as well as a myriad of hemicellulase enzymes.
Callahan's Lady
Callahan's Lady (1989) is a science fiction novel by American writer Spider Robinson, the fourth in his  Callahan's Crosstime Saloon series. It is made up of four parts, all revolving around a bar and brothel owned by Lady Sally McGee, wife of Mike Callahan. The stories are written in the same fast-paced, pun-laced prose Robinson is noted for.

Spider Robinson
Spider Robinson (born November 24, 1948) is an American-Canadian science fiction author. He has won a number of awards for his hard science fiction and humorous stories, including the Hugo Award 1977 and 1983, and another Hugo with his co-author and wife Jeanne Robinson in 1978.
Jennifer Skeem
Jennifer Lynne Skeem is an American psychologist and the Mack Distinguished Professor in the UC Berkeley School of Social Welfare, where she is also the Associate Dean of Research. She is also a professor at the University of California, Berkeley's Goldman School of Public Policy. Her research focuses on criminal justice and behavioral science, including how to improve the ways that the criminal justice system treats people with mental illness. From 2013 to 2014, she was the president of the American Psychology-Law Society. Since 2013, she has been a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science.

American Psychology–Law Society
The American Psychology–Law Society (AP–LS) is an academic society for legal and forensic psychologists, as well as general psychologists who are interested in the application of psychology to the law. AP–LS serves as Division 41 of the American Psychological Association and publishes the academic journal Law and Human Behavior.
Ioakeim Martianos
Ioakeim Martianos (Greek: Ιωακείμ Μαρτινιανός; 1875–1955) was a Greek Orthodox bishop and author.

Martianos was an ethnic Aromanian. He was born in Moscopole, modern southern Albania, where he acquired ground level studies. He attended the Phanar Greek Orthodox College, followed by the Halki seminary in Constantinople (modern Istanbul).  Martianos was positioned at the following bishoprics:

Berat: 1911–1924

Paramythia: 1924–1925

Nea Pelagonia (Ptolemaida): 1925–1942

Kilkis: 1942–1945.

Xanthi: 1945–1953.

Martianos also composed a voluminous treatise about his native town Moscopole. This work has been described by various scholars as one of the best analysis of the town's mid-18th century destruction, although it concentrates on the Greek features of the town.

Phanar Greek Orthodox College
Phanar Greek Orthodox College or Phanar Roman Orthodox Lyceum (Turkish: Özel Fener Rum Lisesi), known in Greek as the Great School of the Nation and Patriarchal Academy of Constantinople (Greek: Μεγάλη του Γένους Σχολή, Megáli toú Genous Scholí), is the oldest surviving and most prestigious Greek Orthodox school in Istanbul, Turkey.
Miss Teen USA 2018
Miss Teen USA 2018, the 36th Miss Teen USA pageant, was held on May 18, 2018, at Hirsch Memorial Coliseum
in Shreveport, Louisiana. Sophia Dominguez-Heithoff of Missouri crowned Hailey Colborn of Kansas as her successor at the end of the event. She is the second entrant from Kansas to win the title after Keylee Sue Sanders won Miss Teen USA 1995.

For the first time, the pageant was held concurrently with its sister pageant Miss USA 2018, which was held three days later on May 21, also taking place in Shreveport.

Sophia Dominguez-Heithoff
Sophia Julieta Dominguez-Heithoff (born March 13, 2000) is a Mexican-American model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Teen USA 2017. She is the second entrant from Missouri to win the title after Marissa Whitley won Miss Teen USA 2001.
Results of the 2025 New Zealand territorial authority elections in Otago
Elections for the territorial authorities of New Zealand were held from 9 September until 11 October 2025 as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. 709 local councillors and 66 mayors were elected across 66 of 67 councils.

5 territorial authorities are primarily located in the Otago region. 5 mayors and 54 district and city councillors were elected.

2025 New Zealand local elections
The 2025 New Zealand local elections (Māori: Nga Pōtitanga ā-Rohe 2025) were triennial elections held from 9 September until 11 October 2025 to elect local mayors and councillors, regional councillors, and members of various other local government bodies.

All 11 of New Zealand's regions and 66 of New Zealand's 67 cities and districts participated in the elections; 42 councils also held local referendums on the status of Māori wards. Tauranga City Council did not hold an election or a referendum as they recently held  an election in 2024.
Morfil Island
Morfil Island (French: Ile à Morfil; lit. "Ivory Island") is an island lying between the River Senegal and the Doué River in northern Senegal. The word Morfil is an antiquated French term for raw ivory. It is separate from the mainland for almost 150 km.

Around the 11th century, Morfil was the centre of Tekrur, one of the first Islamic West African states. As such, it was an important centre of trans-Saharan trade. The island later became part of the Ghana Empire, then the Mali Empire, and was finally conquered by the French. The French named the island for the elephants which once roamed the island, but are now locally extinct. The French colonists would use the island for elephant hunting. The main towns on the island are Podor and Saldé.

Ghana Empire
The Ghana Empire (Arabic: غانا), also known as simply Ghana, Ghanata, or Wagadu, was an ancient western-Sahelian empire based in the modern-day southeast of Mauritania and western Mali.

It is uncertain among historians when Ghana's ruling dynasty began. The first identifiable mention of the imperial dynasty in written records was made by Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī in 830. Further information about the empire was provided by the accounts of Cordoban scholar al-Bakri when he wrote about the region in the 11th century.

After centuries of prosperity, the empire began its decline in the second millennium, and would finally become a vassal state of the rising Mali Empire at some point in the 13th century. Despite its collapse, the empire's influence can be felt in the establishment of numerous urban centers throughout its former territory. In 1957, the Gold Coast, under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah named itself Ghana upon independence.
Tom Bray
Tom Bray (fl. 1850–1890) was an American saloon keeper and underworld figure in New York City during the mid-to late 19th century. He was the owner of a downtown Manhattan dive bar, "Tom Bray's", located on  Thompson Street, and which served as an underworld hangout for thieves and bank robbers. The saloon, according to author Frank Moss, was known for its violence as "several men were killed there and a number were badly cut and shot" during its forty years in operation.

A contemporary of Johnny Dobbs, who ran a similar establishment on Mott Street, Bray acted as a fence in the old Fourth Ward and became one of the most successful in the district during his lifetime. Unlike Dobbs, who eventually died penniless after handling $2 million in his criminal career, Bray "banked" his money and was reportedly worth between $200,000 and $350,000 at the time of his death. As of 1897, "Tom Bray's" was still standing.

Thompson Street (Manhattan)
Thompson Street is a street in the Lower Manhattan neighborhoods of Greenwich Village and SoHo in New York City, which runs north–south, from Washington Square Park at Washington Square South (West Fourth Street) to the Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue) below Grand Street, where the street turns right to Sixth Avenue; it thus does not connect with Canal Street just a half block south of the turning point. It runs parallel to and between Sullivan Street (to the west), and LaGuardia Place (formerly Laurens Street) which becomes West Broadway (to the east). Vehicular traffic goes southbound.

The street was named for Revolutionary War Brigadier General William Thompson, who served in New York and Canada.
Raymond I, Count of Pallars and Ribagorza
Raymond I (Catalan: Ramon, Spanish: Raimundo) (fl. 884–920) was the first independent count of Pallars and Ribagorza from 872 until his death. Early speculation made him a scion of the counts of Toulouse, but he is certainly the "Count Raymond, son of Count Lupus ... in the country of Pallars" (Regimundo comite, filio Luponi comiti ... in pago Paliarensi) of a 920 document. His father may have been the Basque Count Lupus I of Bigorre. During his lifetime Pallars represented the easternmost extent of the Basque language.

Count of Toulouse
The count of Toulouse  (Occitan: comte de Tolosa, French: comte de Toulouse) was the ruler of Toulouse during the 8th to 13th centuries. Originating as vassals of the Frankish kings, 
the hereditary counts ruled the city of Toulouse and its surrounding county from the late 9th century until 1270.  The counts and other family members were also at various times counts of Quercy, Rouergue, Albi, and Nîmes, and sometimes margraves (military defenders of the Holy Roman Empire) of Septimania and Provence.   
Count Raymond IV founded the Crusader state of Tripoli, and his descendants were also counts there.
They reached the zenith of their power during  the 11th and 12th centuries, but after the Albigensian Crusade the county fell to the kingdom of France, nominally in 1229 and de facto in 1271.

Later the title was revived for Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse, a bastard of Louis XIV (1678–1737).
History of Ole Miss Rebels football
The Ole Miss Rebels, the football team of the University of Mississippi, was founded in 1893. The state's first football team, the Rebels currently play in the FBS Subdivision of NCAA Division 1 Football and in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

Ole Miss claims three national championships despite never finishing No. 1 in the AP and Coaches Polls, and won six SEC championships (1947, 1954, 1955, 1960, 1962, 1963).

In 2019, the program received one of the biggest punishments ever issued by the NCAA for recruiting and academic violations: a two-year postseason ban, three years of probation, a four-year ban on certain scholarships, and the erasure of 33 wins from 2010 to 2016.

Texas A&M Aggies football
The Texas A&M Aggies football program represents Texas A&M University in the sport of American football.  The Aggies compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).  Texas A&M football claims three national titles and 18 conference titles. The team plays all home games at Kyle Field, a 102,733-person capacity outdoor stadium on the university campus.
SITAR GY-110 Sher Khan
The SITAR GY-110 Sher Khan was a light aircraft designed in France in the late 1960s as a larger and more powerful version of designer Yves Gardan's Bagheera. Like the Bagheera, it was to be a conventional low-wing, cantilever monoplane with a fully enclosed cabin. However, although the Bagheera had seating for up to four people in 2+2 configuration, the Sher Khan was to have a stretched fuselage with full seating for four people. The wingspan was also to be enlarged, and unlike the Bagheera, whose tricycle undercarriage was fixed, the Sher Khan's was to be retractable.

Power was to be supplied by engines in the 150-kW to 240-kW (200-hp to 300-hp) range.

2+2 (car body style)
A 2+2 (also 2-plus-2) is a car-body style that has a seat each for the driver and front passenger, and two rear seats. The latter may be individual "bucket" seats, fold-downs, or a full-width "bucketed" bench seat, but always with less leg room than either the front seats or a standard two-door car. The style is different from four- or five-seat automobiles having normal-size rear seats, with second-row 2+2 seating typically only suitable for children or occasional use.
Cole Swider
Cole Alexander Swider (/ˈswaɪdər/ SWY-dər; born May 8, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for Anadolu Efes of the Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL) and the EuroLeague. He played college basketball for the Villanova Wildcats and the Syracuse Orange.

South Bay Lakers
The South Bay Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in El Segundo, California, that competes in the NBA G League. Founded in 2006 as the Los Angeles D-Fenders, the team is owned by the Los Angeles Lakers, who were the first National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise to own a D-League team. The team was renamed for its metro region after the 2016–17 D-League season, when it moved home games from the Toyota Sports Center in El Segundo to the nearby UCLA Health Training Center, a new practice facility for the Los Angeles Lakers.

All games are broadcast in streaming audio from the team's website and on the NBA's Futurecast web channel. On December 21, 2012, the D-Fenders announced a telecast agreement with TWC SportsNet Channel (now Spectrum SportsNet).
Machoi Peak
Mechoi Peak is a mountain with a peak elevation of 17,907 ft (5,458 metres), in Drass region of Ladakh, India. Mechoi Peak is part of the Himalaya Range, and is located between Amarnath cave and Zojila. It lies 105 km north east from Srinagar, 25 km from Sonamarg in the east and 30 km from Drass. It rises from the glacier of its name Mechoi Glacier and is the source of Dras River in Drass, Ladakh. Mechoi Peak rises from the Mechoi glacier and is a pyramid-shaped peak with ice falls and ice fields at its bottom and ridges.

Dras River
The Dras River, also spelt Drass River, is a river in the Kargil district in the Indian union territory of Ladakh. It originates below the Zoji La pas in the Great Himalayan range and flows northeast towards Kargil, where it joins the Suru River. The Shingo River, which flows in a parallel direction in Pakistan-administered Baltistan, also joins the Dras River. The combined river is alternatively called Suru, Drass and Shingo by various local groups.

The Dras River valley is traversed by the National Highway 1D that connects Srinagar in Kashmir with Leh in Ladakh. It represents a historic trade route.
San Ramón, Junín
San Ramón is one of two main towns in the Chanchamayo Province of the Junín Region, on the eastern slopes of the Andean Cordillera Oriental in Peru. The nearest town downstream is La Merced, the province's capital, at a distance of 12 km (7.5 mi).

Department of Junín
Junín (Spanish pronunciation: [xuˈnin]; Quechua: Sunin) is a department of Peru. It is located in the central highlands and westernmost Peruvian Amazon. It is governed by a regional government. Its capital is Huancayo.
Armenian Prelacy of Isfahan
The Armenian Prelacy of Isfahan, (Armenian: Սպահանի հայոց թեմ ; Persian: خلیفه‌گری ارامنه اصفهان),  is Oriental Orthodox Christian diocese (or eparchy) of the Armenian Apostolic Church in New Julfa, Isfahan, Iran. It is within the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholicossate of the Great House of Cilicia, seated in Antelias, since 1960.

Before that it was called the Armenian Apostolic Diocese of Persia and India (Armenian: Իրանա-Հնդկաստանի հայոց թեմ ; Persian: خلیفه‌گری ارامنه ایران و هندوستان) and was under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholicossate of All Armenians in Vagharshapat. It was originally founded by Khachatur Kesaratsi after establishment of New Julfa in early 17th century.

The Diocese of Isfahan and Southern Iran is currently headed by Archbishop Sipan Kashchian.

Eparchy
Eparchy (Greek: ἐπαρχία eparchía "overlordship") is an ecclesiastical unit in Eastern Christianity that is equivalent to a diocese in Western Christianity. An eparchy is governed by an eparch, who is a bishop. Depending on the administrative structure of a specific Eastern Church, an eparchy can belong to an ecclesiastical province (usually a metropolis), but it can also be exempt. Each eparchy is divided into parishes, in the same manner as a diocese in Western Churches. Historical development of eparchies in various Eastern Churches was marked by local distinctions that can be observed in modern ecclesiastical practices of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches and Eastern Catholic Churches.
Leonard Darr
Leonard Darr (c. 1554–1615), a merchant by profession, was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in 1601. He was previously Mayor of Totnes from 1593–4. In 1602 He retired to South Pool and died there in March 1615.

Totnes (UK Parliament constituency)
Totnes was a parliamentary constituency in Devon represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency name was abolished. With to minor boundary changes, it was renamed South Devon at the 2024 general election.
Present Laughter (Play of the Week)
"Present Laughter" is a 1967 British television version of the play of the same name by Noël Coward. It aired as a Play of the Week. Peter O'Toole starred. It was a co-production between Associated Television and O'Toole's own company, Keep Films. It aired in the United States in 1968. It was O'Toole's first appearance on television after becoming a movie star and marked his debut on American television in a television drama.

Play of the Week (TV series)
Play of the Week is a 90-minute British television anthology series produced for the ITV network by a variety of companies including Granada Television, Associated-Rediffusion, ATV and Anglia Television.
Argyle Downs
Argyle Downs is a pastoral lease and cattle station located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) south east of Kununurra in the Kimberley region near the border of Western Australia and Northern Territory.  It is operated by the Consolidated Pastoral Company.

Consolidated Pastoral Company
The Consolidated Pastoral Company (CPC) is a large, privately owned, Australian Agrifood business which operates 10 cattle stations covering over 3.6m hectares, managing more than 300,000 cattle, in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.  Its direct sales channels primarily involve selling cattle and beef to Asian consumer markets, domestic feedlots or processors, and exporting live cattle.