hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of the Abas
The Battle of the Abas was fought in 65 BC between the forces of the Roman Republic under Pompey Magnus and those of the Caucasian Albanian King Oroeses during the course of the Third Mithridatic War. The battle took place on a flat plain by the River Abas (likely the modern Alazani), after the Roman forces had only recently crossed over it from the other bank, and with much dense forest nearby. Pompey's victory neutralised the threat of the Albanians rejoining with their old ally Mithridates in his attempts to rekindle his lost war with Rome.

The battle is noteworthy for Pompey's concealment of his infantry behind a screen of cavalry, which would twenty years later be used against him at the Battle of Pharsalus. The near perfect double envelopment Pompey is reported to have here achieved also serves to showcase the high quality of his generalship during the Eastern campaigns.

Pincer movement
The pincer movement, or double envelopment, is a military maneuver in which forces simultaneously attack both flanks (sides) of an enemy formation. This classic maneuver has been important throughout the history of warfare.

The pincer movement typically occurs when opposing forces advance towards the center of an army that responds by moving its outside forces to the enemy's flanks to surround it. At the same time, a second layer of pincers may attack the more distant flanks to keep reinforcements from the target units.
Listed buildings in Church Preen
Church Preen is a civil parish in Shropshire, England.  It contains five listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Church Preen and the surrounding countryside.  The oldest listed building is the church, which dates back to the 12th century.  The other listed buildings date from the 1870s, around the time when Richard Norman Shaw designed Preen Manor, which was built on the site of a previous monastery.  The manor has since been demolished and replaced by another house, which is not listed, but some structures associated with the manor have survived and are listed.

Richard Norman Shaw
Richard Norman Shaw RA (7 May 1831 – 17 November 1912), also known as Norman Shaw, was a British architect who worked from the 1870s to the 1900s, known for his country houses and for commercial buildings. He is considered to be among the greatest of British architects; his  influence on architectural style was strongest in the 1880s and 1890s.
1999 Faber Grand Prix
The 1999 Faber Grand Prix was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts in Hannover, Germany that was part of Tier II of the 1999 WTA Tour. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 15 February until 21 February 1999. First-seeded Jana Novotná won the singles title and earned $80,000 first-prize money.

WTA Tier II tournaments
The WTA Tier II tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis second-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009 WTA Tour, WTA changed tournament categories, so that majority of Tier I and Tier II tournaments from the previous season were in one category, the WTA Premier Tournaments.
Tuyuk-Jar
Tuyuk-Jar (Kyrgyz: Туюк-Жар) is a village in Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Aksy District. The village was established 
in the area of Kashka-Suu rural settlement (ayyl ökmötü) in July 2019. Its population was 1,455 in 2021.

Jalal-Abad Region
Jalal-Abad (/dʒəˈlɑːl əˈbɑːd/; Kyrgyz: [dʒɑˌɫɑɫɑˈbɑt]) is a region (oblus) of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Manas. It is surrounded by (clockwise from the north) Talas Region, Chüy Region, Naryn Region, Osh Region, and Uzbekistan. Jalal-Abad Region was established on 21 November 1939. On 27 January 1959 it became a part of Osh Region, but regained its old status as a region on 14 December 1990. Its total area is 32,418 km2 (12,517 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 1,260,617 as of January 2021. The region has a sizeable Uzbek (24.8% in 2009) minority.
All the Roadrunning (song)
"All the Roadrunning" is a song written and performed by Mark Knopfler featuring American country singer Emmylou Harris. It was first released as a new track on Knopfler's career-spanning compilation Private Investigations and as a CD single in 2005. In April 2006, the song was also released on the album of the same title.

Private Investigations (album)
Private Investigations: The Best of Dire Straits & Mark Knopfler is the third compilation album by Dire Straits, released in 2005 by Mercury and Vertigo internationally, and Warner Bros. in the United States. Named after their 1982 hit single, the album consists of material by Dire Straits, with songs selected from the group's six studio albums (excluding the 1979 album Communiqué) from 1978 up through the group's dissolution in 1995. It also features work from the solo career of the group's singer, songwriter, and guitarist Mark Knopfler, including some of his soundtrack material.

The only previously unreleased track on the album is "All the Roadrunning", a duet with country music singer Emmylou Harris. It was released as a single, reaching #8 in the UK. The United States version omits "Darling Pretty", but adds "Skateaway".
Austrått IL
Austrått Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club from Sandnes. It has sections for association football, team handball, volleyball and inline skating.

It was founded in 1977 as a borough club for Austrått in Sandnes.

The men's football team currently plays in the Fourth Division, the fifth tier of Norwegian football. The team played in the Third Division as late as in 2014, and also during a short stint from 2008 to 2009. Their team colors are dark blue and white.

The club has also contested the higher leagues in volleyball.

Austrått, Rogaland
Austrått is a borough of the city of Sandnes in the western part of the large municipality of Sandnes in Rogaland county, Norway.  The 6-square-kilometre (2.3 sq mi) borough lies just southeast of the main city centre of Sandnes.  The borough has a population (2016) of 8,251.  Austrått was part of the borough of Bogafjell prior to 2011, when it was split off as a separate borough.  Høyland Church is located in Austrått.
Jabar Shumate
Jabar Shumate (born January 26, 1976) is an American former politician and university official from the state of Oklahoma. A member of the Democratic Party, Shumate is former member of both the Oklahoma Senate and the Oklahoma House of Representatives.

Oklahoma Senate
The Oklahoma Senate is the upper house of the two houses of the Legislature of Oklahoma, the other being the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The total number of senators is set at 48 by the Oklahoma Constitution.

Senators approve or reject gubernatorial appointments, and contribute to the creation of both state law and an annual state budget. Every ten years, they aid in drawing new boundaries for Oklahoma's electoral districts. The Oklahoma Senate also serves as a court of impeachment.

The presiding officer of the Senate is the lieutenant governor of Oklahoma, who is the president of the Senate. Since the 1960s, the president pro tempore of the Senate has presided over daily work. Prior to that time, the president of the Senate took a leading role in the Senate, including appointing committees and members to those committees. The president of the Senate may cast a vote only in the instance of a tie vote and may not vote to create a tie.
OSS 117 Mission for a Killer
Furia à Bahia pour OSS 117 (released in the United States as OSS 117–Mission for a Killer) is a 1965 French/Italian international co-production Eurospy spy-fi film. It was the third OSS 117 film directed by André Hunebelle and produced by Paul Cadéac. Frederick Stafford made his film debut taking over the role of OSS 117 from Kerwin Mathews.

The film was shot on Brazilian locations and featured action scenes arranged by Hunebelle's stunt coordinator Claude Carliez with production design by Paul-Louis Boutié. It was based on Jean Bruce's 1955 novel Dernier quart d'heure his 44th OSS 117 book that was published in English in 1965 under the title Live Wire (UK) and The Last Quarter Hour (USA). The American edition featured commentary by Pierre Salinger, who was acquainted with Josette Bruce, Jean Bruce's widow. Josette would take up writing OSS 117 novels in 1966.

Pierre Salinger
Pierre Emil George Salinger (June 14, 1925 – October 16, 2004) was an American  journalist, author and politician. He served as the ninth press secretary for United States presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. Salinger served as a United States Senator in 1964 and as campaign manager for the 1968 Robert F. Kennedy presidential campaign.

After leaving politics, Salinger became known for his work as an ABC News correspondent, particularly for his coverage of the 1979-81 Iran Hostage Crisis; the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland; and his claims of a missile being the cause of the explosion of TWA Flight 800 in 1996.
Side-striped chameleon
The side-striped chameleon or the two-lined chameleon (Trioceros bitaeniatus) is a chameleon native to Ethiopia, southern Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and the northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.

In Kenya, the side-striped chameleon lives on Mount Kenya, Kilimanjaro, and in the Aberdare Range. They live in the Hagenia and Hypericum scrub in the timberline forest between 3000 and 4000 m. It lives between 1 and 2 m (3.3 and 6.6 ft) above the ground in the giant heathers that grow here. They are strictly diurnal and shelter at night between dense bushes.

Hagenia
Hagenia is a monotypic genus of flowering plant with the sole species Hagenia abyssinica, native to the high-elevation Afromontane regions of central and eastern Africa. It also has a disjunct distribution in the high mountains of East Africa from Sudan and Ethiopia in the north, through Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania, to Malawi and Zambia in the south. A member of the rose family, its closest relative is the Afromontane genus Leucosidea.
Aluminosis
Aluminosis (also known as aluminium lung) is a restrictive lung disease caused by exposure to aluminum-bearing dust. Aluminosis is a form of pneumoconiosis that can lead to pulmonary fibrosis. First cases of lung damage from aluminium exposure were reported in the 1930s in Germany. It can be detected by using high-resolution computed tomography.

Findings may vary, showing nodular or slightly irregular opacities that may merge into more prominent forms, most frequently in the upper lung fields, sometimes in the lower lung fields, and less frequently a diffuse micro nodular pattern. In severe cases, pulmonary fibrosis with honeycombing was described.

Workers exposed to aluminium dust are often involved in industries such as explosives manufacturing where aluminium powder is involved, aluminium welding and grinding, and bauxite smelting.

Dust
Dust is made of fine particles of solid matter. On Earth, it generally consists of particles in the atmosphere that come from various sources such as soil lifted by wind (an aeolian process), volcanic eruptions, and pollution.

Dust in homes is composed of about 20–50% dead skin cells. The rest, and in offices and other built environments, is composed of small amounts of plant pollen, human hairs, animal fur, textile fibers, paper fibers, minerals from outdoor soil, burnt meteorite particles, and many other materials which may be found in the local environment.
Filter (video)
A video filter is a software component that performs some operation on a multimedia stream. Multiple filters can be used in a chain, known as a filter graph, in which each filter receives input from its upstream filter, processes the input and outputs the processed video to its downstream filter.

With regard to video encoding three categories of filters can be distinguished:

prefilters: used before encoding

intrafilters: used while encoding (and are thus an integral part of a video codec)

postfilters: used after decoding

Downstream (networking)
In a telecommunications network or computer network, downstream refers to data sent from a network service provider to a customer.

One process sending data primarily in the downstream direction is downloading. However, the overall download speed depends on the downstream speed of the user, the upstream speed of the server, and the network between them.

In the client–server model, downstream can refer to the direction from the server to the client.
Geoplana pulchella
Geoplana pulchella is a species of land planarian belonging to the subfamily Geoplaninae. It is found in areas of the Atlantic Forest within the state of Santa Catarina, such as in Blumenau, Paulo Lopes, and Alfredo Wagner, in Brazil.

Alfredo Wagner
Alfredo Wagner is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil.

The municipality contains the Rio das Furnas Private Natural Heritage Reserve, created in 2002.

The first attempts of colonizing Alfredo Wagner were made at nineteen military in the Morro do Trombudo. The expedition was unsuccessful because snow was abundant and the rain in the three years ravaged the region. Augusto Lima, in 1893, settled in Rivers Adaga and Caeté, accompanied by some settlers. The local passed the name "Barracão", the first name of "Alfredo Wagner". The name is a homage to the men of more worked for emancipation political-administrative the municipality, dismembering of Bom Retiro.
Sofya Georgiyevna Tamamshyan
Sofya Georgiyevna Tamamshyan (1901–1981) was a Russian-Soviet botanist and plant taxonomist noted for describing 7 genera and more than 50 species, and for authoring over 120 works. The standard author abbreviation Tamamsch. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Plant taxonomy
Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names plants. It is one of the main branches of taxonomy—the science that finds, describes, classifies, and names living organisms.

Plant taxonomy is closely allied to plant systematics, and there is no sharp boundary between the two. In practice, "plant systematics" involves relationships between plants and their evolution, especially at the higher levels, whereas "plant taxonomy" deals with the actual handling of plant specimens. The precise relationship between taxonomy and systematics, however, has changed along with the goals and methods employed.

Plant taxonomy is well known for being turbulent, and traditionally not having any close agreement on circumscription and placement of taxa. See the list of systems of plant taxonomy.
Little Robots
Little Robots is a British stop-motion animated children's television series that was produced by Cosgrove Hall Films for Create TV & Film. The series originally aired on CBeebies, a British children's television channel known for its educational and entertaining programming aimed at preschoolers.

CBeebies
CBeebies is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content targeted for children aged six years and under. Its sister channel, CBBC, is intended for older children aged six to twelve. It broadcasts every day from 6:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Four.
Hundred of Mayurra
The Hundred of Mayurra is a cadastral division of the County of Grey in southeastern South Australia. It was named on 15 July 1869 for an Aboriginal word meaning fern straws.

There are no significant towns in the Hundred of Mayurra. It is south of the town of Millicent, west of Tantanoola and extends to the coast. It includes the central part of the locality of Canunda along with parts of the localities of Millicent, Tantanoola and German Flat. It includes part of Canunda National Park and the northern part of Lake Bonney SE.

The Lake Bonney Wind Farm, Canunda Wind Farm and Snuggery Power Station are in the Hundred of Mayurra. The wind farms are both on the Woakwine Range which runs parallel to the coast.

The historic Drainage District of Mayurra (established 1882) was centred  in the north of the hundred and formed the basis of the early local government body, the District Council of Mayurra, later renamed to Millicent.

Lake Bonney SE
Lake Bonney SE (alternative name: Coonunda or Canunda) is a coastal freshwater lake located in the Limestone Coast region of South Australia in the gazetted locality of Canunda. It has a surface area of 79 square kilometres (31 sq mi).

The lake is located 450 km (280 mi) south east of Adelaide and 13 km (8 mi) south west of Millicent. The Canunda National Park lies adjacent to the lake shore.
Operation Astrakan
Operation Astrakan was a raid by British Commandos during the Second World War. The objective of the operation was to gather reconnaissance for Operation Sunstar.
The raid against Houlgate in France  was carried out  by No. 101 (Folbot) Troop, No. 6 Commando over the night of 12/13 November 1941.

Houlgate
Houlgate (French pronunciation: [ulɡat] ⓘ) is a small tourist resort in northwestern France along the English Channel with a beach and a casino. It is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region.
Taco Maker
Taco Maker is a Mexican fast food franchise founded in  Puerto Rico by Gil L. Craig in 1968. The majority of the stores are in Puerto Rico with two locations in Florida (in Orlando and Kissimmee) and another in Caracas, Venezuela and, formerly, in St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands, India, Russia, Dominican Republic, and the Philippines. Taco Maker used to own two franchise locations in the American state of Rhode Island. In 2006, FransGlobal bought the restaurant chain, along with its sister chains Jake's Over the Top and Mayan Jamma Juice. In 2009, Taco Maker moved its headquarters to Central Florida but as of 2019, its website states its headquarters are in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Kissimmee, Florida
Kissimmee (/kɪˈsɪmi/ ⓘ kih-SIM-ee) is the largest city and county seat of Osceola County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 79,226. It is a principal city of the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Census Bureau defines an urban area with Kissimmee as the principal city, which is separated from the Orlando urban area. The Kissimmee–St. Cloud, Florida urban area had a 2020 population of 418,404, making it the 100th largest in the United States.
2013–14 Gamma Ethniki Cup
The 2013–14 Gamma Ethniki Cup was the first edition of the Gamma Ethniki Cup, a Greek football Cup competition, wherein only the clubs of the Gamma Ethniki (the third tier of the Greek football league system) were allowed to participate. The Cup winner competed at the end of the season with the winner of the 2013–14 Amateurs' Cup for the 2014 Amateurs' Super Cup.

Greek Football Amateur Cup
The Greek Amateur Cup (Greek: Ελληνικό Ερασιτεχνικό Κύπελλο), officially known as the Greece Amateurs Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Ερασιτεχνών Ελλάδας), is the Greek competition for amateur teams of the nationwide Gamma Ethniki and the regional F.C.A. Cups, organised by the Hellenic Football Federation. It was founded in 1971 featuring the winners of the F.C.A. Cups in a knock-out format. The competition always featured clubs from the fourth-tier Delta Ethniki and later the third-tier Gamma Ethniki.
Calosoma prominens
Calosoma prominens, the projecting caterpillar hunter, is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Carabinae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1853.
This species is found in Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora) and the United States (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas), where it inhabits acacia/cactus scrub areas.

John Lawrence LeConte
John Lawrence LeConte MD (May 13, 1825 – November 15, 1883) was an American entomologist, responsible for naming and describing approximately half of the insect taxa known in the United States during his lifetime, including some 5,000 species of beetles. He was recognized as the foremost authority on North American beetles during his career, and has been described as "the father of American beetle study".
Ben Eastman
Benjamin Bangs Eastman (July 19, 1911 – October 6, 2002), alias "Blazin' Ben", was an American middle distance runner. He was born in Burlingame, California, and graduated from Stanford University in 1933.

He competed for the United States in the 1932 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, United States in the 400 metres where he won the silver medal. He was the U.S. national 800 metres champion in 1934.

Eastman, one of three Americans to hold the world record in both the 400 and 800 meters, was voted into the Track and Field Hall of Fame in 2006. He died in Hotchkiss, Colorado, aged 91.

Men's 400 metres world record progression
The first world record in the 400 m for men (athletics) was recognized by the International Amateur Athletics Federation, now known as World Athletics, in 1912. The IAAF ratified Charles Reidpath's 48.2 s performance set at that year's Stockholm Olympics as a world record, but it also recognized the superior mark over 440 yards (402.336 metres) run by Maxie Long in 1900 as a world record.

Up to and including 2021, World Athletics has ratified 24 outdoor world records in the event.

The following tables show the world record progression in the men's 400 metres, as ratified by World Athletics.
Michael Howard (Irish politician)
Michael Howard (19 September 1933 – 17 February 2009) was an Irish Fine Gael party politician who served in Seanad Éireann for nearly 20 years.

An unsuccessful candidate at the 1969 and 1973 general elections, he was elected to Seanad Éireann in 1977 by the Industrial and Commercial Panel, he served until 1987 (in the 15th, 16th, and 17th Seanads) and again from 1989 to 1997 (in the 19th and 20th Seanads), in each case being returned by the Industrial and Commercial Panel. He lost his seat at the 1997 Seanad election. He was an associate member of the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly in 1997.

Born in Lisdoonvarna, County Clare, he was a publican and farmer. He was also a member of Clare County Council and a president of the Vintners' Federation of Ireland.

1969 Irish general election
The 1969 Irish general election to the 19th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 18 June, following the dissolution of the 18th Dáil on 22 May by President Éamon de Valera on the request of Taoiseach Jack Lynch. The general election took place in 42 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 144 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, with boundary changes under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1969. The governing Fianna Fáil won its fourth successive election.

The 19th Dáil met at Leinster House on 21 April to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Lynch was re-appointed Taoiseach, forming the 13th government of Ireland, a single-party majority Fianna Fáil government.