hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saubannerzug
The Saubannerzug (German for "hog-banner campaign", also Kolbenbannerzug  "club-banner campaign", Zug des torechten Lebens "campaign of the foolhardy company") was a military campaign of irregular Swiss forces during the Fasnacht (Alemannic carnival) period of the year 1477, in the aftermath of the Battle of Nancy. It consisted of disgruntled men-at-arms from Central Switzerland who moved towards Geneva to enforce the payment of a   sum of 24,000  Gulden owed to the Old Swiss Confederacy as ransom to escape looting (Brandschatz).

Rhenish gulden
The Rhenish gulden or Rhenish guilder (German: Rheinischer Gulden; Latin: florenus Rheni) was a gold, standard currency coin of the Rhineland in the 14th and 15th centuries.  They weighed between 3.4 and 3.8 grams (0.12–0.13 oz).
Kevin Kerr (cricketer)
Kevin John Kerr (born 11 September 1961) is a former South African cricketer of Scottish birth. He was active from 1978 to 1990 and played for Transvaal B, Transvaal, Warwickshire and the South African Defence Force cricket team. He was born in Airdrie, Lanarkshire. He appeared in 83 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm off break. He scored 1,040 runs with a highest score of 74 and held 64 catches. He took 211 wickets with a best performance of 6 for 37.

Wicket
In the sport of cricket, the term wicket has several meanings:

It is either of the two sets of three stumps and two bails at each end of the pitch. The fielding team's players can hit the wicket with the ball in a number of ways to get a batter out. 
The wicket is guarded by a batter who, with their bat (and sometimes with their pads, but see the laws on LBW, leg before wicket), attempts to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket (if it does, they may be bowled) and to score runs where possible.

Through metonymic usage, the dismissal of a batter is known as the taking of a wicket.

The cricket pitch itself is sometimes referred to as the wicket.
David E. Talbert
David E. Talbert (born February 10, 1966) is an American playwright, author, and filmmaker. He is a graduate of Morgan State University and attended the New York University film program.

Talbert has won numerous NAACP awards for his work The Fabric of a Man, and a New York Literary Award in 2007 for his musical stageplay, Love in the Nick of Tyme. Talbert has also produced a television reality show, Stage Black, in which actors and singers compete to win a part in one of his plays.

Talbert's first film, First Sunday, was released in 2008. The film stars Ice Cube, Tracy Morgan and Katt Williams. More recently, he signed a first look deal with Netflix.

Tracy Morgan
Tracy Jamal Morgan (born November 10, 1968) is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He was a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy television series Saturday Night Live from 1996 to 2003 and played Tracy Jordan on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock from 2006 to 2013, both of which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. He also starred as Tray Barker on the TBS comedy The Last O.G.
Dawunt
Dawunt (Amharic: ዳውንት) is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Semien (North) Wollo Zone, Dawunt is bordered on the south by the Checheho River which separated it from the Debub Wollo Zone, on the west by the Semien Gondar Zone, on the northwest by Meket, on the north by Wadla, and on the east by Delanta. Dawunt was part of former Dawuntna Delant woreda.

One landmark of this woreda is the cave church Debre Abuna Muse, also locally called Yadibba Maryam. It is notable for the quality of the paintings on its walls and ceiling. "The style is archaic," writes S. Wright, "recalling manuscript illuminations of the fourteenth century. The subjects are not unusual; historical figures include the kings Yemràhanna-Krestos and Lâlibalâ, but early saints and patriarchs predominate."

Checheho River
The Checheho River is a small river located in north-central Ethiopia. Part of the watershed of the Abay River, it rises to the east of Debre Zebit to flow south to join the Bashilo River. Its major tributary is the Zhit'a, which enters the Checheho on the left side. This region’s rivers, including the Checheho, contribute to the larger Blue Nile basin and are essential to local agriculture and water systems, particularly in the Amhara region, which relies on these tributaries for various water needs    .
Whitetail dogfish
Sharks portal

The whitetail dogfish (Scymnodalatias albicauda) is a very rare sleeper shark of the family Somniosidae, found from the eastern Indian Ocean round southern Australia to New Zealand, at depths of between 150 and 500 m.  Its length is up to 1.1 m.

The whitetail dogfish is a rare species known only from a few specimens taken by tuna longliners and trawlers. The dorsal fins are small, the pectoral fins are angular, and there is an asymmetric caudal fin with a dark-tipped upper lobe. Coloration is grey and white, mottled with large brown or black spots, the tail mostly white with black tips.

The whitetail dogfish is ovoviviparous, with at least 59 pups per litter.

Fishing trawler
A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls. Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively dragging or pulling a trawl through the water behind one or more trawlers. Trawls are fishing nets that are pulled along the bottom of the sea or in midwater at a specified depth. A trawler may also operate two or more trawl nets simultaneously (double-rig and multi-rig).

There are many variants of trawling gear. They vary according to local traditions, bottom conditions, and how large and powerful the trawling boats are. A trawling boat can be a small open boat with only 30 horsepower (22 kW) or a large factory ship with 10,000 horsepower (7457 kW). Trawl variants include beam trawls, large-opening midwater trawls, and large bottom trawls, such as "rock hoppers" that are rigged with heavy rubber wheels that let the net crawl over rocky bottom.
Borden Flats Light
Borden Flats Light is a historic lighthouse on the Taunton River in Fall River, Massachusetts, US. It is a tower-on-caisson type known as a sparkplug lighthouse.

The light was built in 1881, and added to the National Register of Historic Places as Borden Flats Light Station on June 15, 1987, reference number 87001528.

Caisson lighthouse
A caisson lighthouse (also referred to as a sparkplug lighthouse, or bug light) is a type of lighthouse whose superstructure rests on a concrete or metal caisson. Caisson lighthouses were developed in the late nineteenth century as a cheaper alternative to screwpile lighthouses. The caisson design was also more efficient as it could better withstand harsh weather, and was not as fragile. Caisson lighthouses usually have living quarters made of cast iron, although some brick examples are known. The two American nicknames were later coined because of the structure's shape.
Nicholas Weston (MP for Newtown)
Nicholas Weston (1611–1656) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  in 1640. He supported the Royalist side in the English Civil War.

Weston was born at Roxwell, Essex, the son of the 1st Earl of Portland, and his second wife Frances Walgrave.

Weston's brother Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland was Governor of the Isle of Wight and in April 1640, Weston was elected Member of Parliament for Newtown in the Short Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Newtown in November 1640 for the Long Parliament. At the start of the Civil War, Weston was involved in the royalist defence of Portsmouth, and as a result of his actions was disabled for sitting in parliament in 1642.

Weston was unmarried. He died at the age of 45.

Newtown (UK Parliament constituency)
Newtown was a parliamentary borough located in Newtown on the Isle of Wight, which was represented in the House of Commons of England until 1707, then in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and finally in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. It was represented by two members of parliament (MPs), elected by the bloc vote system.

The borough was abolished in the Reform Act 1832, and from the 1832 general election its territory was included in the new county constituency of Isle of Wight.
Iwaya
Iwaya is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Mihoko Iwaya (岩屋 美保子, born 1964), Japanese footballer

Naomine Iwaya (岩谷 高峰, born 1960), Japanese alpine skier

Shogo Iwaya (岩谷 翔吾, born 1997), Japanese dancer and actor

Takeshi Iwaya (岩屋 毅, born 1957), Japanese politician

Toru Iwaya (岩谷 徹, born 1936), Japanese mezzotint engraver and painter

Takeshi Iwaya
Takeshi Iwaya (岩屋 毅, Iwaya Takeshi; born 24 August 1957) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party. He is a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet, or national legislature, and was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2024 to 2025. He served as the Minister of Defense from 2 October 2018 to 11 September 2019.
Malcolm McGugan
Malcolm McGugan (13 July 1846 – 1 November 1937) was a farmer and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Middlesex South in the House of Commons of Canada from 1896 to 1904 as a Liberal.

He was born in Caradoc Township, Canada West, the son of Scottish immigrants from Argyleshire. In 1885, he married Mary Ann Smith. McGugan served on the township council for Caradoc from 1877 to 1886, was reeve from 1879 to 1886 and warden for Middlesex County in 1885.

Middlesex County, Ontario
Middlesex County is a primarily rural county and census division in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Landlocked, the county is bordered by Huron and Perth counties on the north, Oxford County on the east, Elgin County on the south, and Chatham-Kent and Lambton County on the west.

The county seat is the city of London, although the city is politically independent from the county. The Middlesex census division, which consists of the county together with the City of London and three First Nations reserves, had a population of 500,563 in 2021. Part of the county is also included in the London census metropolitan area.
Organismic theory
Organismic theories in psychology are a family of holistic psychological theories which tend to stress the organization, unity, and integration of human beings expressed through each individual's inherent growth or developmental tendency.  The idea of an explicitly "organismic theory" dates at least back to the publication of Kurt Goldstein's The organism: A holistic approach to biology derived from pathological data in man in 1934.  Organismic theories and the "organic" metaphor were inspired by organicist approaches in biology.  The most direct influence from inside psychology comes from Gestalt psychology.  This approach is often contrasted with mechanistic and reductionist perspectives in psychology.

Mechanism (philosophy)
Mechanism is the belief that natural wholes (principally living things) are similar to complicated machines or artifacts, composed of parts lacking any intrinsic relationship to each other.

The doctrine of mechanism in philosophy comes in two different varieties. They are both doctrines of metaphysics, but they are different in scope and ambitions: the first is a global doctrine about nature; the second is a local doctrine about humans and their minds, which is hotly contested. For clarity, we might distinguish these two doctrines as universal mechanism and anthropic mechanism.
Nasciturus pro iam nato habetur, quotiens de commodis eius agitur
Nasciturus pro iam nato habetur, quotiens de commodis eius agitur is a Latin legal maxim that refers to a law that grants or protects the right of a fetus to inherit property. The maxim translates, "The unborn is deemed to have been born to the extent that his own benefits are concerned". "Nasciturus" literally translates to "one who is to be born" and refers to a conceived foetus: a living child who has not yet been born. Pursuant to the legal principle, the fetus is presumed to have been born for the purposes of inheritance. The principle was reified in Roman law and continues to be implemented today in most European nations, in the Americas (where the fetus is sometimes legally considered to be a person), and in South Africa.

When considered a legal exception, it is thought to apply exclusively for the purposes of inheritance and that conditions must be satisfied for it to be valid, primarily that the fetus has to be born.

Fetus
A fetus or foetus (/ˈfiːtəs/; pl.: fetuses, foetuses, rarely feti or foeti) is the unborn offspring of a viviparous animal that develops from an embryo. Following the embryonic stage, the fetal stage of development takes place. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. However, in general a fetus is characterized by the presence of all the major body organs, though they will not yet be fully developed and functional, and some may not yet be situated in their final anatomical location.

In human prenatal development, fetal development begins from the ninth week after fertilization (which is the eleventh week of gestational age) and continues until the birth of a newborn.
Goldene Sieben
The Goldene Sieben ("Golden Seven") was a German jazz ensemble.

The Goldene Sieben was created in 1934 as the house band for the Berlin-based label Electrola. Henri René picked its initial members from noted local ensembles, but by 1935 the group was led by Georg Haentzschel. The group was broadcast on radio, though its contract forbade them from performing live. They appeared in the 1937 film Heimweh and recorded extensively.

House band
A house band is a group of musicians, often centrally organized by a band leader, who regularly play at an establishment.
It is widely used to refer both to the bands who work on entertainment programs on television or radio, and to bands which are the regular performers at a nightclub, especially jazz and R&B clubs. The term can also refer to a group that plays sessions for a specific recording studio. House bands on television shows usually play only cover songs instead of originals, and they play during times that commercials would be seen by the home viewing audience. Therefore, only those present in the studio during the show's taping see their full performances.
The 52 Hukams of Guru Gobind Singh
The 52 Hukams are a set of instructions in Sikhism set by Guru Gobind Singh in Nanded, Maharashtra, India in 1708. These edicts sum up the ideal way of life of the Khalsa and serve as a code of conduct for the Khalsa Panth. Members of the Khalsa (baptized Sikhs known as "Amritdharis") aim to follow all the 52 edicts.

Nanded
Nanded is a city in Maharashtra state, India. It is the tenth largest city in the state and the seventy-ninth most populated city in India. It is the second largest city in Marathwada region. It is the district headquarters of Nanded district.

Guru Gobind Singh established camp in Nanded and the Gurgaddi was transferred from him to Guru Granth Sahib. One of the  Panj Takhts of Sikhi, Hazur Sahib is located in the city of Nanded. It was here that Guru Gobind Singh initiated Madho Daas whom became Banda Singh Bahadur one of the famous leaders of the Khalsa Panth whom played a role during the downfall of the Mughal Empire.
Nanda Sharma
Nanda Sharma  (Nepali: नन्दा शर्मा) is a Nepali politician belonging to CPN (Unified Socialist). She is the current Minister of state for Physical Infrastructure and Transport.

Sharma is also member of Rastriya Sabha and was elected from 2018 Nepalese National Assembly election.

National Assembly (Nepal)
The National Assembly (Nepali: राष्ट्रिय सभा, romanized: Rāṣṭriya Sabhā) is the upper house of the Federal Parliament of Nepal, the lower house being the House of Representatives. The composition and powers of the Assembly are established by Part 8 and 9 of the Constitution of Nepal. There are a total of 59 members: 8 members are elected from each of the seven provinces by an electoral college of each province, and three are appointed by the President on recommendation of the government.

Members serve staggered six year terms such that the term of one-third members expires every two years.
Teneriffe
Teneriffe can refer to:

Tenerife, Spanish island in the Atlantic Ocean

Teneriffe, Queensland, suburb of Brisbane

Teneriffe lace, type of lace made in Tenerife

Montes Teneriffe, a mountain range on the northern part of the Moon's near side

Mount Teneriffe, a mountain in Victoria, Australia

Mount Teneriffe (Washington), a mountain in the United States

Pico Teneriffe (Barbados), a cape on the north coast of Barbados

Mount Teneriffe (Australia)
Mount Teneriffe in central Victoria, Australia, is a distinctive granite formation, 444 m (1,457 ft) above sea level (200m above plain level). It takes its name from the island of Tenerife in Spain.

Most of the area is within a nature conservation reserve with impressive granite outcrops at the foot of the mountain. Mount Teneriffe is one of the outliers of the Strathbogie Ranges formed from uplifted Devonian granite, the erosion of which has filled in the once deep valleys and basins of the Upper Goulburn, the Murray Valley and the Victorian Riverina with sediment. The hill is lightly timbered with scattered small trees on the summit. The site is accessed from Alexanderson Rd and then Jefferies Rd and Oak Valley Rd.

Some rock-climbing crags are present on the north west face, including Sparrow Slabs, Castle Rock, Eagle Rock, and Vertigo Block. Mt. Teneriffe was the site of the 1983 Australian Rogaining Championships.
Alangium polyosmoides
Alangium polyosmoides is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. It occurs on a variety of different soils, generally close to the coast. Found from Minmi near Newcastle to as far north as the McIlwraith Range in far northeastern Queensland. It may be seen as a common understorey plant at Wingham Brush Nature Reserve.

Common names include muskwood, black muskheart, brown muskheart and canary muskheart. The generic name is from the Malabar people, being their name of the related Asian species, Alangium decapetalum. The specific epithet refers to the similarity of the leaves in the genus Polyosma.

Malabars
Malabars (Malayalam: [mɐlɐbaːr]) is a term used for Indians originating from the Malabar region. The region includes the northern part of present state of Kerala in India, i.e. the southwestern coast of the country.

Captain João Ribeiro in his History of Ceylon presented to the King of Portugal in 1685 mentions that Jaffnapatam (present-day Jaffna in Sri Lanka) is inhabited by Malabars.  This designation stemmed from the presence of Tamils in Jaffna, whose customs and religion closely resembled those of the Hindus on the Malabar Coast of India.

Additionally, to European traders and scholars, Tamil was commonly known as the Malabar language. In the 18th century, J. P. Fabricius described his Tamil-English Dictionary as the "Dictionary of Malabar and English," wherein he explained words and phrases of the Tamil language, commonly referred to by Europeans as the Malabar language, in English.
Kalu dodol
Kalu dodol (Sinhala: කලු දොදොල්, Tamil: தொதல்) is a sweet dish, a type of dodol that is popular in Sri Lanka. The dark and sticky dish consists mainly of kithul jaggery (from the sap of the toddy palm), rice flour and coconut milk. It is difficult and time-consuming to prepare. The Hambanthota area is known for the production of this dish.

Sap
Sap is a fluid transported in the xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant.  These cells transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Sap is distinct from latex, resin, or cell sap; it is a separate substance, separately produced, and with different components and functions.

Insect honeydew is called sap, particularly when it falls from trees, but is only the remains of eaten sap and other plant parts.
Hector McInnes
Hector McInnes QC (September 10, 1860 – June 19, 1937) was a barrister and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Halifax County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1916 to 1920 as a Liberal Conservative member.

McInnes was born in 1860 at Brule, Nova Scotia to Lauchlin McInnes and Ann Fraser. He was educated at Pictou Academy and Dalhousie University, receiving an Bachelor of Laws in 1888, and was later appointed King's Counsel. He married Charlotte MacNeil on September 7, 1892. He served as president of the Eastern Trust Company and as a director of the Bank of Nova Scotia, the Dominion Steel Corporation, and the Nova Scotia Savings and Loan. McInnes died in 1937 at Halifax, Nova Scotia.

McInnes was elected in the 1916 Nova Scotia general election and did not contest the 1920 Nova Scotia general election. He was an unsuccessful Conservative candidate in the 1921 Canadian federal election for Halifax.

Brule, Nova Scotia
Brule (English: /bruːl/) is a rural community located in Colchester County, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Located on Amet Sound an embayment of the Northumberland Strait 6 kilometres east of the village of Tatamagouche near the county boundary, the community is situated on the southern shore of Brule Harbour opposite Brule Point.
Holy Trinity Catholic School, Birmingham
Holy Trinity Catholic School is a coeducational secondary school located in the Small Heath area of Birmingham, in the West Midlands of England.

The school is named after the Trinity, the Christian doctrine that defines God as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. As a Catholic school it is under the jurisdiction of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Birmingham.

Previously a voluntary aided school administered by Birmingham City Council, in May 2019 Holy Trinity Catholic School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the St Teresa of Calcutta Multi-Academy Company.

Holy Trinity Catholic School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils.

Archdiocese of Birmingham
The Archdiocese of Birmingham is one of the principal Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in England and Wales. The archdiocese covers an area of 3,373 square miles (8,740 km2), encompassing Staffordshire, the West Midlands, Warwickshire, Worcestershire and much of Oxfordshire as well as Caversham in Berkshire. The metropolitan see is in the City of Birmingham at the Metropolitan Cathedral Church of Saint Chad. The metropolitan province includes the suffragan dioceses of Clifton and Shrewsbury.

The archbishop is Bernard Longley, who was named the ninth Archbishop of Birmingham on 1 October 2009. He succeeds the Archbishop of Westminster, Cardinal Vincent Nichols (2000–09). Longley was installed as Archbishop of Birmingham at the Metropolitan Cathedral and Basilica of Saint Chad on 8 December 2009, the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception and one of the patronal feasts of the archdiocese, St Chad being the other.
Leney, Saskatchewan
Leney is an unincorporated community in Perdue Rural Municipality No. 346, Saskatchewan, Canada. The community had a population of 30 in 2001. It previously held the status of a village until December 31, 1971. The hamlet is located 68 km west of the City of Saskatoon on highway 655 3 km south the town of Perdue and highway 14 on the Canadian National Railway.

Saskatchewan Highway 14
Highway 14 is an east–west provincial highway that runs through the central part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from the Alberta border where it becomes Highway 13 to the intersection of Idylwyld Drive (Highway 11) and 22nd Street in Saskatoon. Previously, Highway 14 ran the width of the province but the section east of Saskatoon was renumbered '16' in 1976. Most of the highway is two-laned with only the 6.7-kilometre (4.2 mi) long section in Saskatoon being four. The total length is approximately 253 kilometres (157 mi) long.

Though Highway 14 is one of the three major highways leading from Saskatoon to Alberta, it is less used than Highway 7 or Highway 16 as the other highways provide direct access to Calgary and Edmonton respectively.

Major communities that Highway 14 passes through include Macklin, Unity, Wilke, Biggar, Asquith, and Saskatoon.