hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1939 Stretford by-election
The 1939 Stretford by-election was held on 8 December 1939.  The by-election was held due to the death  of the incumbent Conservative MP, Anthony Crossley in a plane crash in Denmark in August 1939. It was won by the Conservative candidate Ralph Etherton.

Stretford (UK Parliament constituency)
Stretford was a parliamentary constituency in North West England, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1997 general election. The constituency was centred on the town of Stretford and originally included an area to the south west of the city of Manchester. The boundaries changed considerably over its existence, at times extending east to include parts of the city itself and at other times including the towns of Irlam and Urmston to the west.
2024 Croatia Open Umag – Doubles
Guido Andreozzi and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela won the doubles title at the 2024 Croatia Open Umag, defeating Manuel Guinard and Grégoire Jacq in the final, 6–4, 6–2.

Blaž Rola and Nino Serdarušić were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Sander Arends and Denys Molchanov.

Denys Molchanov
Denys Petrovych Molchanov (Ukrainian: Денис Петрович Молчанов; born 16 May 1987) is a Ukrainian tennis player competing on the ATP Challenger Tour. He reached his highest ATP doubles ranking of world No. 58 on 29 January 2024. In 2015 he reached his highest singles ranking of No. 169.

He has won two ATP doubles titles. He has also won 15 ITF singles and 66 doubles titles, 36 of them Challengers. He also played for the Ukraine Davis Cup team.
Archigrammitis friderici-et-pauli
Archigrammitis friderici-et-pauli is a species of fern in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is native to Borneo and Sulawesi.

Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. In 2016, the group published a classification for extant pteridophytes, termed "PPG I". The paper had 94 authors (26 principal and 68 additional).
The classification was presented as a consensus classification supported by the community of fern taxonomists. Alternative classifications of ferns exist and are preferred by some.
Htike Htike Aung
Htike Htike Aung (Burmese: ထိုက်ထိုက်အောင်; was born 1 February 1995, in Myanmar) is a footballer from Burma, and a defender for the Myanmar under-20 football team and Yangon United. He can play center back and right full back.

In 2019, Yangon United signed Htike Htike Aung. He played in Myanmar U-20 national team for 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup in New Zealand.

Htike Htike Aung,Mahar United player, announced his retirement because of Spine injury in April 2025.

FIFA U-20 World Cup
The FIFA U-20 World Cup is the biennial football world championship tournament for FIFA members' men's national teams with players under the age of 20. The competition has been staged every two years since the inaugural tournament in 1977 when it was hosted by Tunisia under the tournament name of FIFA World Youth Championship until 2005. In 2007 the name was changed to its present form. FIFA bills the men's Under-20 World Cup as "the tournament of tomorrow's superstars." Diego Maradona, Lionel Messi and Paul Pogba are previous winners of the official player of the tournament award, and Erling Haaland was the top scorer at the 2019 edition. The reigning champions are Morocco, which won their first title at the 2025 tournament in Chile.
Late September
Late September is the only studio album by British electronic music duo Deepest Blue. It was released after two UK top ten singles, "Deepest Blue", "and Give It Away", but did not match the success of the singles, peaking at number 22 on the UK Albums Chart and number 13 on Scottish Albums Chart. It did however go on to sell over 70,000 copies in the United Kingdom and was certified Silver.

This album was also released in several countries around the world, including Mexico where it peaked at number 69 on the Albums chart. It was also released in selected European and Asian countries.

Some editions of the album were released as Limited Edition, including a bonus disc with remixes.

Worldwide, the album's success was limited, going on to sell 300,000 copies, causing the professional split of the band members Matt Schwartz and Joel Edwards after being dropped by Ministry of Sound.

Scottish Singles and Albums Charts
The Scottish Albums Chart is a chart compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) which is based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Albums Chart fare in Scotland. The official singles chart for Scotland, the Scottish Singles Chart, which was based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Singles Chart were faring in Scotland has not been published since 20 November 2020.

Since 20 November 2020, only the Scottish Albums Chart has been published by the OCC, and it has been based on physical sales only, with the OCC only publishing the albums chart on their website since 11 December 2020.
Michael Howard Studios
40°44′42″N 73°59′38″W﻿ / ﻿40.74496°N 73.99388°W﻿ / 40.74496; -73.99388
The Michael Howard Studios is an acting studio for the performing arts located in at 152 West 25th Street in Chelsea, Manhattan, New York City; the studio was founded in 1953 by actor/director Michael Howard.

Sanford Meisner
Sanford Meisner (August 31, 1905 – February 2, 1997) was an American actor and acting teacher who developed an approach to acting instruction that is now known as the Meisner technique. While Meisner was exposed to method acting at the Group Theatre, his approach differed markedly in that he completely abandoned the use of affective memory, a distinct characteristic of method acting. Meisner maintained an emphasis on "the reality of doing", which was the foundation of his approach.
2025 Super League season results
The 2025 season was the 30th season of the Super League, and 131st season of rugby league in Great Britain. The season began on 13 February 2025 with defending champions Wigan Warriors playing at home to the Leigh Leopards.

The full fixture list was released on 21 November 2024, with the newly promoted Wakefield Trinity playing away to Leeds Rhinos in Round One. As Wigan had qualified for the 2025 edition of Rugby League Las Vegas, their round 3 fixture at home to Warrington Wolves on 1 March will be held at the Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada.
Following the 2024 NRL Grand Final, it was announced that reigning champions Penrith Panthers would not be travelling to the UK ahead of the world club challenge, therefore it was cancelled.

All times (including matches played in France and the USA) are UK local time; GMT (UTC±00:00) until 30 March, BST (UTC+01:00) thereafter. All fixtures not played are subject to change.

2024 NRL Grand Final
The 2024 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2024 National Rugby League season in Australia. It was contested between the Melbourne Storm and the Penrith Panthers on Sunday 6 October at Accor Stadium in Sydney. In front of 80,156 spectators, defending premiers Penrith defeated the minor premiers Melbourne 14–6 to extend their premiership streak to four titles in a row, and their sixth overall. The Clive Churchill Medal was awarded to second-row forward Liam Martin for being judged as man of the match.

The match was preceded by the 2024 NRL State Championship and the NRL Women's Premiership Grand Final. The match was broadcast live throughout Australia by the Nine Network. Pre-match entertainment was performed by Australian rapper The Kid Laroi.
Queen Victoria at Osborne
Queen Victoria at Osborne is an 1866 oil painting by the British artist Edwin Landseer. It depicts a view at Osborne House, the royal residence on the Isle of Wight. Queen Victoria is shown on her pony, with John Brown in attendance. Two of her daughters Princess Helena and Princess Louise are seated nearby while the buildings of Osbourne can be seen in the background. The queen wears back mourning clothes for her husband Prince Albert.

Following the death of Albert in 1861, Victoria had the idea of Landsee producing two paintings on them of sunshine and sorrow. The first features a happy day at Balmoral with Albert before his death, while the latter would focus on the queen following her bereavement. The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy"s Summer Exhibition of 1867 at the National Gallery in London. It remains part of the Royal Collection in the Horn Room at Osborne House.

John Brown (servant)
John Brown (8 December 1826 – 27 March 1883) was a Scottish personal attendant and favourite of Queen Victoria for many years after working as a gillie for Prince Albert. He was appreciated by many (including the Queen) for his competence and companionship, and resented by others (most notably her son and heir apparent, the future Edward VII, the rest of the Queen's children, ministers, and the palace staff) for his influence and informal manner. The exact nature of his relationship with Victoria was the subject of great speculation by contemporaries.
Walton Ford: Tigers of Wrath, Horses of Instruction
Walton Ford:  Tigers of Wrath, Horses of Instruction (the title is a quotation from William Blake) is a monograph about the New York-born artist Walton Ford.  Its introductory text, "Walton Ford:  A Personal History of his Work" was written by Steven A. Katz and its concluding interview, "A Conversation with Walton Ford," was conducted by Dodie Kazanjian.

The book was published by Abrams Books in 1994.

Abrams Books
Abrams, formerly Harry N. Abrams, Inc. (HNA), is an American publisher of art and illustrated books, children's books, and stationery.

The enterprise is a subsidiary of the French publisher Média-Participations. Run by president and CEO Mary McAveney, Abrams publishes and distributes approximately 250 titles annually and has more than 3,000 titles in print.

Abrams also distributes publications for the Victoria and Albert Museum, Tate, Vendome Press (in North America), Booth Clibborn Editions, SelfMadeHero, MoMA Children's Books, and 5 Continents.
MSCP
MSCP may be an abbreviation for:

Mass Storage Control Protocol, a software protocol developed by Digital Equipment Corporation

Math and Science College Preparatory, a secondary school in Los Angeles, California, USA

Mean Spherical Candle Power, a unit of measure that represents the average output of a light source measured in all directions (360°)

Melbourne School of Continental Philosophy, an independent school based at the University of Melbourne, Australia

Multi-storey car park, a chiefly British abbreviation for an automobile parking structure

Manipur State Congress Party, is former political party in the Indian state of Manipur.

Manipur State Congress Party
Manipur State Congress Party (MSCP) is a former political party in the Indian state of Manipur. The party was founded in 1997 by Wahengbam Nipamacha as a split from the Indian National Congress (INC). In 2014 the MCSP remerged with the INC.
Zamanyly
"Zamanyly" (Ukrainian: «Заманили») is a song by Ukrainian singer Jamala and Ukrainian folk quartet DakhaBrakha. It was released as a digital download in Ukraine on 4 November 2016 by Enjoy! Records. The song has charted in Russia and Ukraine.

Jamala
Susana Alimivna Jamaladinova (born 27 August 1983), known professionally as Jamala, is a Ukrainian singer. She represented Ukraine and won the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with her song "1944". From 2017 to 2025, she has served as a judge at Vidbir, the Ukrainian national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest. In November 2023, Russia added Jamala to its wanted list.
1976 Griffin Golden Helmet Trophy
The 1976 Griffin Golden Helmet Trophy was a non-championship Formula Three race, held at the Mallory Park circuit, in Leicestershire, England, on 26 September.  The race saw Stephen South score his first International race victory.

Geoff Lees (racing driver)
Geoffrey Thompson Lees (born 1 May 1951) is a British former racing driver from England.  He participated in 12 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, making his first appearance on 16 July 1978.  He scored no championship points.
Voronoi pole
In computational geometry, the positive and negative Voronoi poles of a cell in a Voronoi diagram are certain vertices of the diagram, chosen in pairs in each cell of the diagram to be far from the site generating that pair. They have applications in surface reconstruction.

Face (geometry)
In solid geometry, a face is a flat surface (a planar region) that forms part of the boundary of a solid object. For example, a cube has six faces in this sense.

In more modern treatments of the geometry of polyhedra and higher-dimensional polytopes, a "face" is defined in such a way that it may have any dimension. The vertices, edges, and (2-dimensional) faces of a polyhedron are all faces in this more general sense.
Czech Republic at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Czech Republic competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece. The team included 65 athletes, 45 men and 20 women. Competitors from Czech Republic won 31 medals, including 16 gold, 8 silver and 7 bronze to finish 12th in the medal table. Among them was the flag bearer of the Czech team, Roman Musil – the most successful Czech Paralympian at the Sydney games.

Roman Musil
Roman Musil (born 31 May 1971) is a Czech Paralympic athlete and cyclist competing mainly in category F33 throwing events.

Musil has competed in three Paralympics over two sports. In 2000 he won two gold and a silver in the athletics class F33 Javelin (gold), shot put (gold), and discus (silver) as well as a gold and bronze in the cycling class CP division 2 Mixed Tricycle 5.4 km time Trial (gold) and Mixed Tricycle 1.9 km Time Trial. This would be his last time entering cycling events as in 2004 he won the gold in the shot put F33/34 class but missed out in the discus. In the 2008 edition he competed in the combined F33/34/52 class javelin and shot and won his seventh medal, a bronze, in the discus.
Arthur Spooner
Arthur Eugene Spooner is a fictional character played by Jerry Stiller in the American sitcom The King of Queens. He lives with his daughter Carrie and her husband, Doug Heffernan, in Rego Park, Queens, New York.

Rego Park
Rego Park is a neighborhood in the borough of Queens in New York City. Rego Park is bordered to the north by Elmhurst and Corona, to the east and south by Forest Hills, and to the west by Middle Village. Rego Park's boundaries include Queens Boulevard, the Long Island Expressway, Woodhaven Boulevard, and Yellowstone Boulevard. There is a large Jewish population in the neighborhood, which features high-rise apartment buildings and detached houses, as well as a large commercial zone.

Rego Park is located in Queens Community District 6 and its ZIP Code is 11374. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 112th Precinct. Politically, Rego Park is represented by the New York City Council's 29th District and a small part of the 24th and 25th Districts.
Blauwkapel
Blauwkapel is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is about 1 km north-east of the city of Utrecht. It is mainly in the municipality of de Bilt, but a small part is in the city of Utrecht.

It was first mentioned in 1575 Den blaucapel, and means blue chapel which was a privately owned chapel of the Van Wijck family which was painted blue. The village was first mentioned in 1633 as Voordorpsche Dyck, and later changed its name. The village started as a peat excavation colony. The chapel was replaced by a little church in the early 16th century. The church was heavy damaged in 1944, and restored between 1958 and 1959. In 1818, Fort Blauwkapel was built near the village, and was part of the Dutch Water Line.

Blauwkapel is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Utrecht. It has its own place name signs. In 1840, it was home to 267 people. Blauwkapel forms a single urban area with the city of Utrecht, and consists of about 80 houses.

Dutch Waterline
The Dutch Waterline (Dutch: Hollandsche Waterlinie; modern spelling: Hollandse Waterlinie) was a series of water-based defences conceived by Maurice of Nassau in the early 17th century, and realised by his half brother Frederick Henry. Combined with natural bodies of water, the Waterline could be used to transform Holland, the westernmost region of the Netherlands and adjacent to the North Sea, almost into an island. In the 19th century, the Line was extended to include Utrecht.

On July 26, 2021, the line was added to the Defence Line of Amsterdam to become the Dutch Water Defence Lines UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Jan Smith (footballer)
Jan Smith (born 26 May 1956) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong and Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Smith, a defender, played his early football at North Shore, before joining Geelong West in the Victorian Football Association. He was a regular in the Geelong West team of the late 1970s, often at full-back, and a VFA representative in 1979.

His debut for Geelong came in the final home and away round of the 1980 VFL season, against Footscray at Waverley Park. Smith had 20 disposals. He next played in Geelong's four point preliminary final loss to Collingwood. Although he missed a grand final, Smith did get to play in Geelong's 1980 reserves premiership team. He played in another reserves premiership in 1981, but didn't make a senior appearance all year. In 1982 he went to Fitzroy, where he played seven senior games.

He returned to Geelong West once his VFL career came to an end, then in 1985 was appointed coach of North Shore.

North Shore Football Club (GFL)
North Shore Football Club Inc, nicknamed the Seagulls, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the suburb town of North Shore, Victoria.

The club teams currently compete in the Geelong Football Netball League, the premier league in Geelong.
2019–20 San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball team
The 2019–20 San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball team represented San Diego State University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Aztecs, led by third-year head coach Brian Dutcher, played their home games at Viejas Arena as members in the Mountain West Conference. They finished the season 30–2, 17–1 in Mountain West play to be regular season Mountain West champions. They defeated Air Force and Boise State to reach the championship game of the Mountain West tournament where they lost to Utah State. Although they were a virtual lock to receive an at-large bid to and a high seed in the NCAA tournament, on March 12 the NCAA Tournament was cancelled amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

2020 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2020 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Mountain West Conference. It was held from March 4–7, 2020 at the Thomas & Mack Center on the campus of University of Nevada, Las Vegas, in Las Vegas, Nevada. Utah State upset heavily favored San Diego State to earn the Mountain West's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament
Teodoro Loredan Balbi
Teodoro Loredan Balbi (Krk, 7 November 1745 - Novigrad, 23 May 1831) was a Venetian nobleman of the Loredan and Balbi families and the last Bishop of Novigrad, a position which he held from 1795 until his death on 23 May 1831.

Novigrad, Istria County
Novigrad (Italian: Cittanova; Venetian: Sitanova) is a town in Istria County in west Croatia. It is also sometimes referred to as Novigrad Istarski (Cittanova d'Istria; Sitanova d'Ìstria) to distinguish it from three other Croatian towns of the same name.

Novigrad is set on a small peninsula on the western coast of Istria, two kilometres (1.2 mi) north of the mouth of the river Mirna and some 25 km (16 mi) south of the border with Slovenia.
Sulgrave
Sulgrave is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England, about 5 miles (8 km) north of Brackley. The village is just south of a stream that rises in the parish and flows east to join the River Tove, a tributary of the Great Ouse.

The village's name means 'grove in a gully' or perhaps, 'pit/trench in a gully'. Alternatively, the specific may be a personal name, 'Sula'.

Victoria County History
The Victoria History of the Counties of England, commonly known as the Victoria County History  (VCH), is an English history project which began in 1899 with the aim of creating an encyclopaedic history of each of the historic counties of England, and was dedicated to Queen Victoria. In 2012 the project was rededicated to Queen Elizabeth II in celebration of her Diamond Jubilee year.: 7  Since 1933 the project has been coordinated by the Institute of Historical Research in the University of London.
Thayer Hotel (Annandale, Minnesota)
The Thayer Hotel is a historic hotel building in Annandale, Minnesota, United States, built in 1895. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 for its local significance in the theme of commerce.  It was nominated as a significant example of the large, wood-frame hotels serving Wright County at the turn of the 20th century.

The Thayer Hotel is a three-story building with a full-front veranda.  The building operated as a bed and breakfast, from 1995 to 2011 when the owner and operator Sharon Gammell retired in 2011. The building sat vacant until 2016.

On March 24, 2018, the building reopened as a restaurant. By the end of 2018, the Thayer was again operating as a full-service hotel with a restaurant on the first floor.

Wright County, Minnesota
Wright County is a county in the East Central part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 141,337 at the 2020 census, then growing to an estimated 154,593 in 2024. Its county seat is Buffalo. The county was founded in 1855. Wright County is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. In terms of population, Wright County is the tenth-largest county in Minnesota and the fastest growing.
Precarium
The precarium (plural precaria)—or precaria (plural precariae) in the feminine form—is a form of land tenure in which a petitioner (grantee) receives a property for a specific amount of time without any change of ownership. The precarium is thus a free gift made on request (or precarius, whence "prayer") and can be revoked. The grantor can reclaim the land and evict the grantee at any time, and the grantee's hold on the land is said to be "precarious". (The adjectival form "precarial" is also used.) The precarium arose in the late Roman Empire. In the Middle Ages it became a legal fiction, and the two parties usually signed a contract specifying the rent or services owed by the petitioner. Some precaria eventually became hereditary fiefs. In the Merovingian period the feminine form (singular precaria) became common, but in the eighth century the term beneficium began to replace precarium, although the institutions were practically identical.

Later Roman Empire
In historiography, the Late or Later Roman Empire, traditionally covering the period from 284 CE to 641 CE, was a time of significant transformation in Roman governance, society, and religion. Diocletian's reforms, including the establishment of the tetrarchy, aimed to address the vastness of the empire and internal instability. The rise of Christianity, legalized by Constantine the Great in 313 CE, profoundly changed the religious landscape, becoming a central force in Roman life. Simultaneously, barbarian invasions, particularly by the Goths and the Huns, weakened the Western Roman Empire, which collapsed in 476 CE. In contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire endured, evolving into the Byzantine Empire and laying the foundations for medieval Europe.

This article ends with the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 CE and the beginning of the Byzantine Dark Ages.