hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Krause (gymnast)
Charles Krause was an American gymnast and Olympic medalist. He competed at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis where he received a silver medal in rope climbing, and a bronze medal in team combined exercises.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
0-12-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-12-0 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, twelve powered and coupled driving wheels on six axles, and no trailing wheels.

Wheel arrangement
In rail transport, a wheel arrangement or wheel configuration is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed under a locomotive. Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a locomotive by type, position, and connections, with the adopted notations varying by country.  Within a given country, different notations may also be employed for different kinds of locomotives, such as steam, electric, and diesel powered.

Especially in steam days, wheel arrangement was an important attribute of a locomotive because there were many different types of layout adopted, each wheel being optimised for a different use (often with only some being actually "driven"). Modern diesel and electric locomotives are much more uniform, usually with all axles driven.
Devils Brook (Dorset)
The Devils Brook is a Dorset watercourse of that rises near Higher Ansty (on Pleck Farm, in Pleck or Little Ansty), near to the source of the River Divelish.  It flows past Dewlish (to which it lent its name) and joins the River Piddle at Athelhampton, which in turn flows into Poole Harbour.

Its length is given variously from 6 miles (9.7 km) to 9.16 miles (14.74 km).
The river has a catchment area of 3,364.34 hectares (8,313.5 acres).

Ansty, Dorset
Ansty is a village in the civil parish of Hilton, in Dorset, England, north of Cheselbourne and west of Milton Abbas. It consists of the settlements of Higher Ansty, Lower Ansty, Pleck (also known as Little Ansty) and Ansty Cross. The Hall & Woodhouse brewing company founded a brewery in the village in 1777, and brewing continued here until the 1940s. The village hall used to be a brewery building, and the old malthouse became Malthouse Cottages. From 1974 to 2019 it was in North Dorset district.
No Country Club for Old Men
"No Country Club for Old Men" is the twenty-second episode and season finale of the eleventh season and the 210th overall episode of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 19, 2013, and is written by Teresa Hsiao and directed by Jerry Langford. In the episode, the Griffins join a country club, after Chris begins dating the daughter of Rhode Island's richest family, and Peter ends up getting Lois's father, Carter, thrown out of his beloved country club.

Country club
A country club is a privately owned club, often with a membership quota and admittance by invitation or sponsorship, that generally offers both a variety of recreational sports and facilities for dining and entertaining.  Typical athletic offerings are golf, tennis, and swimming. Where golf is the principal or sole sporting activity, and especially outside of the United States and Canada, it is common for a country club to be referred to simply as a golf club. Many country clubs offer other new activities such as pickleball, and platform tennis.

Country clubs are most commonly located in city outskirts or suburbs, because of the need for substantial grounds for outdoor activities.  This factor distinguishes them from an urban athletic club.

Country clubs originated in Scotland and first appeared in the US in the early 1880s. Country clubs had a profound effect on expanding suburbanization and are considered to be the precursor to gated community development.
Kaczkowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Kaczkowo [kat͡ʂˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rydzyna, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

The village has an approximate population of 400.

Leszno County
Leszno County (Polish: powiat leszczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Leszno, although the city itself is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Leszno County are Rydzyna, which lies 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Leszno, and Osieczna, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Leszno.

The county covers an area of 804.65 square kilometres (310.7 sq mi). As of 2021 its total population is 58,255, out of which the population of Rydzyna is 9,962, that of Osieczna is 9,311, and the rural population is 38,982.
A Midnight Bell (play)
A Midnight Bell is a play written by Charles H. Hoyt. It was featured on Broadway in 1889 and starred Maude Adams. The play was adapted into an American silent film of the same name in 1921.

The show ran from March 5 (delayed by one day for final rehearsal) through July 1, 1889.

Charles H. Hoyt
Charles Hale Hoyt (July 26, 1859 – November 20, 1900) was an American dramatist and playwright. He was married twice, to stage actresses Flora Walsh and Caroline Miskel Hoyt, both of whom died young. The shock of the death of his second wife contributed towards his mental health issues and the alcohol consumption which culminated in his death.
Whang
Whang is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Whang Bo-ryung (born 1970), South Korean-American singer, songwriter, and painter

Ha Soo Whang (1892–1984), Korean-American social worker

Jacqueline Whang-Peng (born 1932), Taiwanese-American physician-scientist

Maria Whang (1865–1937), Korean-American educator and community organizer

Nancy Whang (born 1977), American singer and musician

Sang Whang (1931–2011), Korean-American church leader and community advocate

Sang-Min Whang (born 1962), South Korean psychologist

Suzanne Whang (1952–2019), American television host, comedian, radio host, author, minister, writer, producer, and political activist

Whang Youn Dai (born 1938), South Korean physician

Suzanne Whang
Suzanne Whang (Korean: 황보희, Hwang Bo-hui, September 28, 1962 – September 17, 2019) was an American television host, comedian, radio host, author, minister, writer, producer, and political activist. She is best known for having been the host of the HGTV series House Hunters for nine years, and for her recurring role as manicurist Polly Chae on Las Vegas for four seasons.  Suzanne also starred as Divina the maid/wannabe actress in the Here TV sitcom From Here on OUT.
Earl Beaulieu
Earl Beaulieu (pronounced "Bewley"), of Beaulieu in the County of Southampton, was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1784 for the 1st Baron Beaulieu, who had earlier represented Tiverton in the House of Commons. He had previously been created Baron Beaulieu, of Beaulieu in the County of Southampton, in 1762, also in the Peerage of Great Britain.

Born Edward Hussey, he was the husband of Lady Isabella Montagu, widow of the 2nd Duke of Manchester and daughter of the 2nd Duke of Montagu, and had assumed by Royal Licence the additional surname of Montagu in 1749. His son and heir, John, Lord Montagu, predeceased him. Consequently, both titles became extinct on Lord Beaulieu's death in 1802. Between 1790 and 1802, Earl Beaulieu also held the title Lord of Bowland, a lordship he inherited on the death of his father-in-law. On his death, the Lordship of Bowland passed to his sister-in-law's husband, Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch.

William Montagu, 2nd Duke of Manchester
William Montagu, 2nd Duke of Manchester, KB (April 1700 – 21 October 1739) was the son of Charles Montagu, 1st Duke of Manchester, and his wife, Dodington Greville, daughter of Robert Greville, 4th Baron Brooke of Beauchamps Court.

He married Lady Isabella Montagu, daughter of John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, on 16 April 1723.

He was made a Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath (KB) in 1725.

He died in 1739, aged 39, childless and his titles passed to his brother, Robert Montagu. Prior to his death the Duke was involved with the establishment of a new charity in London which would work to save children abandoned by their parents due to poverty and miserable conditions. The charity became known as the Foundling Hospital and its royal charter, naming the Duke of Manchester one of its founding governors, was awarded only four days prior to the duke's death.
6 Canis Minoris
6 Canis Minoris is a star in the equatorial constellation of Canis Minor, located around 570 light years away from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.55. This object is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −16.3 km/s. Kinematically, it is a member of an outlying group belonging to the Ursa Major flow of the Sirius supercluster.

This is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K1 III. It has a mild barium anomaly, which may indicate this is a binary star system with a white dwarf companion. The interferometry-measured angular diameter of the visible component is about 2.31±0.03 mas, which, at its estimated distance, equates to a physical radius of about 44 times the radius of the Sun. This star has four times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 761 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,370 K.

Angular diameter
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of a lens). The angular diameter can alternatively be thought of as the angular displacement through which an eye or camera must rotate to look from one side of an apparent circle to the opposite side.

A person can resolve with their naked eyes diameters down to about 1 arcminute (approximately 0.017° or 0.0003 radians). This corresponds to 0.3 m at a 1 km distance, or to perceiving Venus as a disk under optimal conditions.
Natsume & Natsume
Natsume & Natsume (なつめとなつめ, Natsume to Natsume) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Shunsuke Sorato. It began serialization on the Pixiv Comic website under Micro Magazine's Comic Elmo label in June 2020.

Azumi Waki
Azumi Waki (和氣 あず未, Waki Azumi; born September 8, 1994) is a Japanese voice actress and singer from Tokyo, Japan. She debuted in 2015, playing the role of Sanae Katagiri in the video game The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls. She is also known for her roles as Lapis Rosenberg in The Legend of Heroes: Trails into Reverie, Galko in Please Tell Me! Galko-chan, Steyr AUG in Girls' Frontline, Maika Sakuranomiya in Blend S, Special Week in Uma Musume Pretty Derby, and Senko in The Helpful Fox Senko-san.

In January 2020, she made her debut as a solo singer under Nippon Columbia.
Mitchells Stores
The Mitchells Stores is an American  family business in the luxury clothing industry. The company began in 1958 as a tiny mom-and-pop operation with just three men's suit styles priced at $65 each. Its ten stores now carry   Brunello Cucinelli, Isaia, Kiton, Khaite, Loewe, Zegna and other high-end women's and men's brands.
Bob and Russ Mitchell both serve as co-CEO.

The Mitchell family owns and operates Mitchells, Richards, Wilkes Bashford, Marios, and Stanley Korshak.

Zegna
Ermenegildo Zegna N.V., also known as Zegna Group, Ermenegildo Zegna Group, or simply Zegna (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdzeɲɲa]), is an Italian luxury fashion house headquartered in Milan. It was founded in 1910 by Ermenegildo Zegna in Trivero, Biella, in the Piedmont region of northern Italy.  It is led by the Zegna family and is a public company that is listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
Kayı Construction
Kayı Construction  (Kayı İnşaat) is a Turkish construction conglomerate established in 1991, based in Istanbul. Coşkun Yılmaz is the founder and the chairman of Kayı Construction. Engineering News-Record placed the group in the Top 225 International Contractors globally since 2008, reaching No.161 in 2012.

As of 2012, Kayı Group employed more than 8000 workers on projects in nearly 11 countries. It is an organisation in the fields of high-profile construction engineering projects such as industrial buildings, business centers, and retail complexes. Kayı has real estate investments in several countries. Since 1991, Kayı has completed more than five hundred projects throughout many countries. Kayı is an ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007 certified company.

Industrial architecture
Industrial architecture is the design and construction of buildings facilitating the needs of the industrial sector. The architecture revolving around the industrial world uses a variety of building designs and styles to consider the safe flow, distribution and production of goods and labor. Such buildings rose in importance with the Industrial Revolution, starting in Britain, and were some of the pioneering structures of modern architecture. Many of the architectural buildings revolving around the industry allowed for processing, manufacturing, distribution, and the storage of goods and resources. Architects also have to consider the safety measurements and workflow to ensure the smooth flow within the work environment located in the building.
Saccharicrinis carchari
Saccharicrinis carchari is a Gram-negative and facultative anaerobic bacterium from the genus Saccharicrinis which has been isolated from the gill of a dead shark (Cetorhinus maximus) from the Yellow Sea in China.

Yellow Sea
The Yellow Sea (simplified Chinese: 黄海; traditional Chinese: 黃海; pinyin: Huáng Hǎi; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ; Korean: 황해; Hanja: 黃海; RR: Hwanghae), also known as the North Sea, is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula, and can be considered the northwestern part of the East China Sea.
Alphabet Workers Union
Alphabet Workers Union (AWU), also informally referred to as the Google Union, is an American trade union of workers employed at Alphabet Inc., Google's parent company, with a membership of over 800, in a company with 130,000 employees, not including temps, contractors, and vendors in the United States. It was announced on January 4, 2021, with an initial membership of over 400, after over a year of secret organizing, and the union includes all types of workers at Alphabet, including full-time, temporary, vendors and contractors of all job types.

It has been called a minority union and a solidarity union. AWU itself is not registered with the National Labor Relations Board and cannot engage in collective bargaining. In March 2022, subcontractors of Google Fiber became the first members within the AWU to gain NLRB recognition.

Members-only unionism
Members-only unionism, also known as minority unionism, is a model for trade unions in which local unions represent and organize workers who voluntarily join (and pay dues) rather than the entire workforce of a place of employment. In such a model, a union election is not held by the entire workforce to determine whether a majority wishes for the workforce to be represented by a local branch of a national union, but a union can nonetheless exist to support members who pay dues.

While majority unions tend to possess and guard collective bargaining rights, minority-union members may be organized by the union to privately file group-presented grievances to management. The ability of such unions to meet on workplace grounds also relies upon the discretion of management.
Northampton Parish, New Brunswick
Northampton is a geographic parish in Carleton County, New Brunswick, Canada, sitting across the Saint John River from Woodstock.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, for governance purposes it comprised two local service districts, both of which were members of the Western Valley Regional Service Commission (WVRSC).

The Census subdivision of Northampton Parish shares the geographic parish's borders.

York County, New Brunswick
York County (2021 population 105,261) is located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada. The county contains the provincial capital, Fredericton. Outside the city, farming and forestry are two major industries in the county, which is bisected by the Saint John River. The Southwest Miramichi River flows through the northern section of the county.
Takuto Kurabayashi
Takuto Kurabayashi (倉林 巧和, Kurabayashi Takuto; born 1 February 1992) is a Japanese former professional road and track cyclist. He won the gold medal in the scratch race at the 2016 Asian Cycling Championships.

Scratch race
A scratch race is a track cycling race in which all riders start together and the objective is simply to be first over the finish line after a certain number of laps.

UCI regulations specify that a scratch race should be held over 15 km for Elite Men and 10 km for Elite Women. Shorter distances of 10 km for men and 7.5 km for women may be used for qualifying rounds. Racers line up along the inner sprinter's rail and along the outer railing. The riders take a neutralised lap before the starting pistol is fired for the official start. A lapped rider must leave the race once they are overtaken by the peloton.  There are no intermediate points or sprints. One tactic is for a rider, or more often a group of riders, to break away and attempt to gain a lap on the rest of the field. The peloton cannot be lapped; but that rider or those riders cannot be beaten by anyone in the peloton.

The format favors endurance sprinters.
Philibert Audebrand
Philibert Audebrand (31 December 1815 – 10 September 1906) was a French writer, journalist, author of medieval chronicles, satirical verses and historical novels. In Mémoires d'un passant (Calmann-Lévy, 1893), he dedicated a tasty portrait to Bernard-François Balssa, Honoré de Balzac's father whom he considers as a prodigious person.

He wrote under two pseudonyms: Alpha and Eugène Duvernay.

Calmann-Lévy
Calmann-Lévy  is a French publishing house founded in 1836 by Michel Lévy as Michel Lévy frères. His brother Kalmus Calmann Lévy joined in 1844. After Michel's death in 1875,  the firm was renamed Calmann Lévy.
The Face (American TV series) season 1
The first season of The Face premiered online on February 1, 2013 and on television on February 12, 2013 on Oxygen. The premiere season followed three supermodel coaches as they competed with each other to find 'the face' of cosmetic retail giant Ulta Beauty.

Supermodel and executive producer Naomi Campbell, together with supermodels Karolina Kurkova and Coco Rocha, served as supermodel mentors for the first season. Nigel Barker, a previous judge for cycles 2 to 18 of America's Next Top Model, serve as host as well. It featured 12 aspiring contestants from the United States of America, Canada, China, Belarus, and Australia.

The winner of the competition was 21-year-old Devyn Abdullah from Bronx, New York.

Red carpet
A red carpet is traditionally used to mark the route taken by heads of state on ceremonial and formal occasions, and has in recent decades been extended to use by VIPs and celebrities at formal events.
Allen Cohen (poet)
Allen Cohen (1940 – April 29, 2004) was an American poet. Born in 1940 in Brooklyn, New York, he attended Brooklyn College and then moved to San Francisco in 1963. There, he founded and edited the San Francisco Oracle underground newspaper, which was published from 1966 to 1968. After the September 11 attacks, he edited a newspaper entitled Peace News, and in 2002 co-edited a poetry anthology entitled An Eye for an Eye Makes the Whole World Blind: Poets on 9/11.  Cohen died of liver cancer and hepatitis C on April 29, 2004, in Walnut Creek, California.

Underground press
The terms underground press or clandestine press refer to periodicals and publications that are produced without official approval, illegally or against the wishes of a dominant (governmental, religious, or institutional) group. 
In specific recent (post-World War II) Asian, American and Western European context, the term "underground press"  has most frequently been employed to refer to the independently published and distributed underground papers associated with the counterculture of the late 1960s and early 1970s in India and Bangladesh in Asia, in the United States and Canada in North America, and the United Kingdom and other western nations. It can also refer to the newspapers produced independently in repressive regimes. In German occupied Europe, for example, a thriving underground press operated, usually in association with the Resistance. Other notable examples include the samizdat and bibuła, which operated in the Soviet Union and Poland respectively, during the Cold War.
Horizontal evolution
The phrase horizontal evolution is used in evolutionary biology to refer to:

Concerted evolution, whereby individual members of a DNA family within one species are more closely related to each other than to members of the same type of DNA family in other species;

Horizontal gene transfer, where genes are transferred from one organism to another by means other than genes received from an ancestor

It is sometimes used by creationists as a synonym for

Microevolution, development of genetic changes below the speciation threshold

Microevolution
Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population. This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection (natural and artificial), gene flow and genetic drift. This change happens over a relatively short (in evolutionary terms) amount of time compared to the changes termed macroevolution.

Population genetics is the branch of biology that provides the mathematical structure for the study of the process of microevolution. Ecological genetics concerns itself with observing microevolution in the wild. Typically, observable instances of evolution are examples of microevolution; for example, bacterial strains that have antibiotic resistance.

Microevolution provides the raw material for macroevolution.