hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Craig (philosopher)
William Craig (November 13, 1918 – January 13, 2016) was an American academic, logician and philosopher, who taught at the University of California, Berkeley, in Berkeley, California. His research interests included mathematical logic, and the philosophy of science, and he is best known for the Craig interpolation theorem.

Academy
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek: Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded c. 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece. The Royal Spanish Academy defines an academy as a scientific, literary or artistic society established with public authority and as a teaching establishment, public or private, of a professional, artistic, technical or simply practical nature.
Polypodium calirhiza
Polypodium calirhiza is a species of fern in the polypody family. Its common names include nested polypody and habit polypody. It is found in California and Oregon in the U.S., and several states of Mexico:  Colima, Jalisco, Mexico State, Oaxaca, and Veracruz.  The leaflets on each leaf are broad and oval-shaped, coming to a dull point. This fern is sometimes epiphytic.

The name of this species is a conflation of Polypodium californicum and Polypodium glycyrrhiza, because this species arose as a hybrid between those two species. It was not recognized as a separate species until 1991.

In the California Coast Ranges P. calirhiza occurs in a number of habitats including California oak woodlands and exposed rocky outcrops. In such oak woodlands it is often found in understory alliances with such species as the fern Pellaea andromedifolia and the fungus Tremella mesenterica.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
Time in Benin
Time in Benin is given by a single time zone, officially denoted as West Africa Time (WAT; UTC+01:00). Benin adopted WAT on 1 January 1912 as French Dahomey, and has never observed daylight saving time.

French Dahomey
French Dahomey, officially the Colony of Dahomey and Dependencies (French: Colonie du Dahomey et dépendances), was a French colony and part of French West Africa from 1894 to 1958. After World War II, by the establishment of the French Fourth Republic in 1947, Dahomey became part of the French Union with increased autonomy. On 4 October 1958 the French Fifth Republic was established, and the French Union became the French Community. The colony became the self-governing Republic of Dahomey within the Community, and two years later on 1 August 1960, it gained full independence, renamed to Benin in 1975.
Raymond Smith Jr.
Raymond Edward Smith Jr. (born October 15, 1961) is a former Democratic member of the North Carolina House of Representatives, who represented the 21st district (including portions of Wayne and Sampson counties) from 2019 to 2023.

Wayne County, North Carolina
Wayne County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 117,333. Its county seat is Goldsboro, and it is home to Seymour Johnson Air Force Base.

Wayne County comprises the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rein van der Kamp
Rein van der Kamp (born 17 July 1979) is a Dutch former professional basketball player. In his career, Van der Kamp played for Dutch Basketball League teams Landstede Basketbal, EiffelTowers Den Bosch and De Friesland Aris.

Heroes Den Bosch
Heroes Den Bosch is a Dutch professional basketball club based in 's-Hertogenbosch. The club plays in the BNXT League since 2021 and in the top basketball division in the Netherlands since 1972. Founded as EBBC in 1951, the club had several sponsored names the following decades.

Den Bosch has won a record seventeen Dutch championships, a record nine Dutch Cups and two Dutch Supercup titles. The team has also been a regular at European competitions, most recently the FIBA Europe Cup. Heroes plays their home games at the Maaspoort, which has a capacity of approximately 2,700 people.
Zubrzyca Dolna
Zubrzyca Dolna [zuˈbʐɨt͡sa ˈdɔlna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jabłonka, within Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

The village lies in the drainage basin of the Black Sea (through Orava, Váh and Danube rivers), in the historical region of Orava (Polish: Orawa).

Váh
The Váh (Slovak pronunciation: [ʋaːx]; German: Waag, pronounced [vaːk] ⓘ; Hungarian: Vág; Polish: Wag) is the longest river within Slovakia. Towns on the river include Liptovský Hrádok, Liptovský Mikuláš, Ružomberok, Vrútky, Žilina, Bytča, Považská Bystrica, Púchov, Ilava, Dubnica nad Váhom, Nemšová, Trenčín, Nové Mesto nad Váhom, Piešťany, Hlohovec, Sereď, Šaľa, Kolárovo and Komárno.
Bob Pountain
Francis Reginald ("Bob") Pountain (23 April 1941 – 19 January 2007) was an English cricketer active from 1960 to 1965 who played for Sussex. He was born in Eastleigh, Hampshire and died in Brighton. He appeared in 76 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm medium pace. He scored 1,920 runs with a highest score of 96 and took 86 wickets with a best performance of five for 91.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Porto Pim Whale Factory Museum
The Porto Pim Whale Factory Museum (Portuguese: Fábrica da Baleia e Centro do Mar) is a whaling museum in the civil parish of Angústias, in the municipality of Horta, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. Dedicated to the socio-economic influence of the whaling industry in the region, the museum was established in the abandoned whaling factory used for many years in the processing of whale blubber into oil.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
2023 Sparkassen ATP Challenger – Doubles
Denis Istomin and Evgeny Karlovskiy were the defending champions but withdrew from their quarterfinals match against Daniel Cukierman and Joshua Paris.

Andrew Paulson and Patrik Rikl won the title after defeating Maximilian Neuchrist and Jakub Paul 4–6, 7–6(9–7), [11–9] in the final.

Andrew Paulson (tennis)
Andrew Paulson (born 16 November 2001) is a Czech tennis player.

Paulson has a career-high ATP singles ranking of 302 achieved on 6 November 2023. He also has a career-high doubles ranking of 123 achieved on 25 September 2023.
Paulson has won eight ATP Challenger doubles titles, seven of them in 2023.
Diving at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 3 metre springboard
The women's 3 metre springboard diving competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place from 3 to 5 August at the Aquatics Centre within the Olympic Park.

China's Wu Minxia won the gold medal and He Zi, also from China, took silver. Laura Sánchez of Mexico won the bronze.

Laura Sánchez (diver)
Laura Aleida Sánchez Soto (born October 16, 1985, in Guadalajara) is a Mexican female diver. She has represented her native country at three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2004 (Athens, Greece).
Sánchez scored her first Olympic medal on August 5, 2012, in London when she won the bronze in 3 meter springboard diving.

Sánchez also won two gold medals at the Pan American Games in 2011, one gold and one silver in 2007, and two silver in 2003.
Dibenzoxepin
Dibenzoxepin, or dibenz[b,e]oxepin, is a tricyclic compound. It is the parent structure of certain drugs such as the tricyclic antidepressant doxepin and the analgesic fluradoline. The former is the only tricyclic antidepressant that is a dibenzoxepin.

Tricyclic
Tricyclics are cyclic chemical compounds that contain three fused rings of atoms.

Many compounds have a tricyclic structure, but in pharmacology, the term has traditionally been reserved to describe heterocyclic drugs. They include antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and antihistamines (as antiallergens, anti-motion sickness drugs, antipruritics, and hypnotics/sedatives) of the dibenzazepine, dibenzocycloheptene, dibenzothiazepine, dibenzothiepin, phenothiazine, and thioxanthene chemical classes, and others.
Robert S. Kenny
Robert "Bert" S. Kenny (2 February 1905 – 28 September 1993) was a member of the Communist Party of Canada, and a collector of books, documents, and other materials pertaining to the radical and labour movements, particularly in Canada.

Kenny was born of Irish descent in Lindsay, Ontario. He graduated in Toronto from Riverdale Collegiate Institute and later lived and worked in Cleveland and Montréal before returning to Toronto. By the 1950s, he was well-known as a bibliophile with a special interest in collecting materials on communism and other radical and revolutionary movements.

His collection of approximately 25,000 items, the Robert S. Kenny Collection, is held in the University of Toronto Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library. For several years, the Robert S. Kenny Prize in Marxist & Labour/Left Studies was awarded in his honour.

Lindsay, Ontario
Lindsay is a community of 22,367 people (2021 census) on the Scugog River in the Kawartha Lakes region of south-eastern Ontario, Canada. It is approximately 43 km (27 mi) west of Peterborough. It is located in the City of Kawartha Lakes, and is the hub for business and commerce in the region.
Piers Copeland
Piers Copeland (born 26 November 1998) is a Welsh middle-distance runner, from pontypridd), specialising in the 1500 metres. He represented Great Britain at the 2021 European Indoor Championships finishing fifth in the final. Earlier, he won a silver medal at the 2019 European U23 Championships.

2021 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2021 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held from 4 to 7 March 2021 at the Arena Toruń in Toruń, Poland. This was the second time this event was held in Poland after the 1975 edition in Katowice. The four-day competition featured 13 men's and 13 women's athletics events. Altogether 659 athletes from 46 countries participated in the event which is a record in the competition's history. The Netherlands topped the medal table for the first time with four gold, one silver and two bronze medals.  Katarzynka, a gingerbread, was the mascot.
MSV Botnica
MSV Botnica is a multipurpose offshore support vessel and icebreaker built by Finnyards in Rauma, Finland in 1998. She was the newest and technically most advanced state-owned icebreaker of Finland until 2012, when she was sold to the Port of Tallinn, Estonia for 50 million euro. Botnica is used as an escort icebreaker in the Baltic Sea during the winter months and it carries out subsea and offshore construction works worldwide during the open water season.

Azimuth thruster
An azimuth thruster is a configuration of marine propellers placed in pods that can be rotated to any horizontal angle (azimuth), making a rudder redundant.  These give ships better maneuverability than a fixed propeller and rudder system.
James M. Anderson (hospital executive)
James M. Anderson served as the president and chief executive officer at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center from 1996 to 2009.  He was also chairman of the board of the Cincinnati Branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. In July 2005, Anderson was appointed to a national advisory commission on Medicaid reform, while two years earlier, he was appointed to Ohio Governor Bob Taft's Third Frontier Advisory Board.

Anderson is a former mayor of The Village of Indian Hill, Ohio, and is a graduate of Yale University (1963) and Vanderbilt University Law School (1966). He was a captain in the U.S. Army (1966–1968) during the Vietnam War.

Governor of Ohio
The governor of Ohio is the head of government of Ohio and the commander-in-chief of the U.S. state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Ohio General Assembly, the power to convene and adjourn the legislature, and the power to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

The current governor is Mike DeWine, a member of the Republican Party who took office on January 14, 2019 following the 2018 Ohio gubernatorial election. He was re-elected to a second term in 2022.
Macuá
The Macuá is a cocktail made with white rum and fruit juices, usually lemon and guava juice. The Macuá is noted as the national drink of Nicaragua. The drink is named after pajaro macuá, a tropical bird native to the country.

Lemon
The lemon (Citrus × limon) is a species of small evergreen tree in the Citrus genus of the flowering plant family Rutaceae. A true lemon is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange. Its origins are uncertain, but some evidence suggests lemons originated during the 1st millennium BC in what is now northeastern India. Some other citrus fruits are called lemon.

The yellow fruit of the lemon tree is used throughout the world, primarily for its juice. The pulp and rind are used in cooking and baking. The juice of the lemon is about 5–6% citric acid, giving it a sour taste. This makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie.

In 2024, world production was 23 million tonnes, led by India and Mexico with 31% of the total.
Janis (surname)
Janis or Janiš is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Byron Janis (born 1928), American concert pianist (no relation to Conrad Janis)

Conrad Janis (1928–2022), American actor and jazz musician (no relation to Byron Janis)

Dorothy Janis (1912–2010), American silent film actress

Elsie Janis (1889–1956), American musical theatre and vaudeville performer

Irving Janis (1918–1990), social psychologist who pioneered the groupthink theory

Jaroslav Janiš (born 1983), Czech auto racing driver

Josef Antonín Janiš (1749–1821), Czech priest and apiculturist

Linzie Janis (born 1979), American television journalist

Sidney Janis, (1896–1989), American art dealer, collector, and writer

Irving Janis
Irving Lester Janis (May 26, 1918 – November 15, 1990) was an American research psychologist at Yale University and a professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley most famous for his theory of "groupthink", which described the systematic errors made by groups when making collective decisions. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Janis as the 79th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
Robert Von Ancken
Robert Von Ancken is a prominent New York City real estate appraiser, who has appraised more than 8,000 properties in and around New York City, including the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building, Rockefeller Center and Columbia University. He has testified in front of the Supreme Court to deter the construction of a building over Grand Central Terminal and establishing the value of the World Trade Center prior to the terrorist attacks on behalf of the insurance companies. He has also been referred to as one of the "nation's busiest experts on air rights", and has spoken and been quoted extensively on the topic.

Until February 2019, he was Chairman of Landauer Valuation & Advisory, a division of Newmark Grubb Knight Frank.  He is currently retired.

Air rights
In real estate, air rights are the property interest in the "space" above the Earth's surface. Generally speaking, owning or renting land or a building includes the right to use and build in the space above the land without interference by others.

This legal concept is encoded in the Latin phrase Cuius est solum, eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos ("Whoever owns the soil, it is theirs up to Heaven and down to Hell."), which appears in medieval Roman law and is credited to 13th-century glossator Accursius; it was notably popularized in common law in Commentaries on the Laws of England (1766) by William Blackstone; see origins of phrase for details. In the 20th century, the splitting of air-rights from the underlying property became an important issue for property development, particularly for skyscrapers in some crowded cities.
Castera Bazile
Castera Bazile (7 October 1923 – 27 February 1966) was a Haitian painter. Born in Jacmel, Bazile painted several murals in the Holy Trinity Cathedral in Port-au-Prince. He won the grand prize at the Caribbean International Competition in 1955.

Bazile died of tuberculosis in 1966 in Port-au-Prince, age 42.

Jacmel
Jacmel (French pronunciation: [ʒakmɛl] ⓘ; Haitian Creole: Jakmèl) is a commune in southern Haiti previously founded by the Spanish in 1504 before the relocation of dominicans to the eastern side of the island after the Devastation of Osorio and repopulated by the French in 1698. It is the capital of the department of Sud-Est, 24 miles (39 km) southwest of Port-au-Prince across the Tiburon Peninsula, and had a population of 221,965 at the 2024 Census. The town's name is derived from its indigenous Taíno name of Yaquimel. In 1925, Jacmel was dubbed as the "City of Light," becoming the first in the Caribbean to have electricity.

The city is known for its well-preserved Gingerbread houses built in the early 19th century. The town has been tentatively accepted as a World Heritage Site. It sustained damage in the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Jacmel is home to the country's leading film school, the Ciné Institute.
Anasuyamma Gari Alludu
Anasuyamma Gari Alludu (transl. Anasuyamma's Son-in-law) is a 1986 Indian Telugu-language comedy film, produced by Nandamuri Harikrishna under the Ramakrishna Cine Studios banner and directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy. It stars Nandamuri Balakrishna, Bhanupriya, Sharada  and music composed by Chakravarthy. The film was remade in Tamil as Vairagyam starring Prabhu.

Nandamuri Harikrishna
Nandamuri Harikrishna (2 September 1956 – 29 August 2018) was an Indian politician, actor, and film producer. He served as the Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house the Indian Parliament representing the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh from 2008 to 2013 and a member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 1996 to 1999. His film works were predominantly in Telugu cinema. Harikrishna was the fourth son of actor and former chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, N. T. Rama Rao. His sons N. T. Rama Rao Jr. and Nandamuri Kalyan Ram are actors and daughter Nandamuri Venkata Suhasini is a politician. He is also the brother of the famous Telugu actor and politician Nandamuri Balakrishna also called Balayya.
Spiridonov
Spiridonov (masculine) or Spiridonova (feminine) is a Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksey Spiridonov (athlete) (1951–1998), Soviet Russian hammer thrower

Aleksey Spiridonov (born 1988), Russian volleyball player

Alexander Spiridonov (born 1989), Russian politician

Andrei Spiridonov (born 1982), Kazakhstani ice hockey player

Emil Spiridonov (1925–1981), Soviet naval officer

Ilia Spiridonov (born 1998), Russian pairs figure skater

Julia Spiridonova – Yulka (born 1972), Bulgarian novelist and screenwriter

Leonid Spiridonov (born 1980), Kazakhstani sport wrestler

Maria Spiridonova (1884–1941), Russian revolutionary and assassin

Maxim Spiridonov (born 1978), Russian ice hockey player

Nikola Spiridonov (1938–2021), Bulgarian chess master

Vadim Spiridonov (1944–1989), Russian film actor

Andrei Spiridonov
Andrei Vladimirovich Spiridonov (Russian: Андрей Владимирович Спиридонов; born 21 May 1982) is a Kazakhstani professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with the HK Almaty of the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship.

He previously played for Barys Astana of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
The Spaniard That Blighted My Life
"The Spaniard That Blighted My Life" is a comic song which was composed and first performed by English music-hall performer Billy Merson. Merson's recording was released on the Zonophone label in 1911.

It starts

List to me while I tell you
Of the Spaniard that blighted my life

It was performed by Al Jolson in his show The Honeymoon Express and he recorded it for Victor Records on March 7, 1913 (catalog No. 17318). It became a major hit, selling over a million copies.

Merson sued Jolson for copyright infringement, forcing removal of the song from the movie, The Singing Fool in the UK.

Victor Talking Machine Company
The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American recording company and phonograph manufacturer, incorporated in 1901. Victor was an independent enterprise until 1929 when it merged with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and became the  RCA Victor Division of the Radio Corporation of America.

Established in Camden, New Jersey, Victor was the largest and most prestigious firm of its kind in the world, best known for its use of the iconic "His Master's Voice" trademark, the design,  production and marketing of the popular "Victrola" line of phonographs and the company's extensive catalog of operatic and classical music recordings by world famous artists on the prestigious Red Seal label. After Victor merged with RCA in 1929, the company maintained its eminence as America's foremost producer of records and phonographs until the 1960s.
Jean Gagé
Jean Gagé (1 June 1902 – 4 May 1986) was a French historian who specialised in ancient Roman history.

From 1921 to 1924, Jean Gagé was a student at the École normale supérieure in Paris and obtained his agrégation de lettres. He was a member of the École française de Rome from 1925 until 1928, years in which he participated in excavations in Algeria. He was sent to a teaching assignment in São Paulo, where he remained during World War II. He returned to France in 1945 and settled in Strasbourg. In 1955, he defended his thesis at the Sorbonne, then was appointed a professor at the Collège de France, succeeding André Piganiol as the chair of Roman civilisation, where he taught until 1972.

École française de Rome
The École française de Rome (EFR) is a French research institute for history, archaeology, and the social sciences; overseen by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, and a division of the  Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche.