hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frank-Olaf Schreyer
Frank-Olaf Schreyer is a German mathematician, specializing in algebraic geometry and algorithmic algebraic geometry.

Schreyer received in 1983 his PhD from Brandeis University with thesis Syzgies of Curves with Special Pencils under the supervision of David Eisenbud. Schreyer was a professor at University of Bayreuth and is since 2002 a professor at Saarland University.

He is involved in the development of (algorithmic) algebraic geometry advanced by David Eisenbud. Much of Schreyer's research deals with syzygy theory and the development of algorithms for the calculation of syzygies.

In 2010 he was an invited speaker (jointly with David Eisenbud) at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Hyderabad. In 2012 he was elected a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Saarland University
Saarland University (German: Universität des Saarlandes, pronounced [univɛʁziˈtɛːt dɛs ˈzaːɐ̯landəs]) is a public research university located in Saarbrücken, the capital of the German state of Saarland. It was founded in 1948 in Homburg in co-operation with France and is organized in six faculties that cover all major fields of science.  In 2007, the university was recognized as an excellence center for computer science in Germany.

Thanks to bilingual German and French staff, the university has an international profile, which has been underlined by its proclamation as "European University" in 1950 and by establishment of Europa-Institut as its "crown and symbol" in 1951.

Ten academics have been honored with the highest German research prize, the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, while working at Saarland University.
Rasputitsa
Rasputitsa (from Russian: распу́тица [rɐsˈputʲɪtsə]; literally "season of bad roads") is the mud season that occurs in various rural areas of Eastern Europe, when the rapid snowmelt or thawing of frozen ground combined with wet weather in spring, or heavy rains in autumn lead to muddy conditions that make travel on unpaved roads problematic and even treacherous.

Rasputitsa has repeatedly affected wars by causing military vehicles and artillery pieces to become mired in the mud. In conjunction with the general conditions of winter, rasputitsa has been credited with encumbering the military campaigns of the French Empire in 1812 and Nazi Germany in 1941, as well as all belligerents in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

In countries of the former Soviet Union, the concept is applied to two periods during the year – spring and autumn – and also refers to impassable road conditions during such a period, specifically the heavy rains of October and the thaw of the frozen steppe in March.

Snowmelt
In hydrology, snowmelt is surface runoff produced from melting snow. It can also be used to describe the period or season during which such runoff is produced. Water produced by snowmelt is an important part of the annual water cycle in many parts of the world, in some cases contributing high fractions of the annual runoff in a watershed. Predicting snowmelt runoff from a drainage basin may be a part of designing water control projects. Rapid snowmelt can cause flooding. If the snowmelt is then frozen, very dangerous conditions and accidents can occur, introducing the need for salt to melt the ice.
Sharafabad, Yazd
Sharafabad (Persian: شرف اباد, also Romanized as Sharafābād; also known as Sharīfābād) is a village in Rostaq Rural District, in the Central District of Saduq County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 736, in 218 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
Levison
Levison is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Wendell Levison, birth name of Alan Wendell Livingston (1917–2009), American music executive

Beth Levison, American documentary film producer and director

Catherine Levison, American writer and public speaker

Charles Gerstle Levison, birth name of Charles Lane (1905–2007), American actor

David Levison (1919–2012), Scottish minister

Ejnar Levison (1880–1970), Danish fencer

Harold F. Levison (born 1959), planetary scientist

Iain Levison (born 1963), Scottish-American writer

Jacob Harold Levison, birth name of Jay Livingston (1915–2001), American songwriter

Mary Levison, (1923–2011), Church of Scotland minister

Nat Levison, British actor

Olivia Levison (1847–1894), Danish author and writer

Sarah Rachel Russell (1814–1880), British con artist who went by Levison

Stanley Levison (1912–1979), American businessman

Wilhelm Levison (1876–1947), German medievalist

Stanley Levison
Stanley David Levison (May 2, 1912 – September 12, 1979) was an American businessman and lawyer who became a lifelong activist in socialist causes. He is best known as an advisor to and close friend of Martin Luther King Jr., for whom he helped write speeches, raise funds, and organize events.
Chilean Civil War of 1891
The Chilean Civil War of 1891, or the Second Chilean Civil War or Revolution of 1891, was a civil war in Chile fought between forces supporting Congress and forces supporting the  President, José Manuel Balmaceda from 16 January 1891 to 18 September 1891. The war saw a confrontation between the Chilean Army and the Chilean Navy, siding with the president and the Congress, respectively. This conflict ended with the defeat of the Chilean Army and the presidential forces, and with President Balmaceda committing suicide as a consequence of the defeat. In Chilean historiography the war marks the end of the Liberal Republic and the beginning of the Parliamentary Era.

Liberal Republic
Liberal Republic (Spanish, República Liberal) is the period of  Chilean history between 1861 and 1891. It is characterized by the rise of the liberal political faction the Pipiolos who opposed the Pelucones who had dominated the preceding period known as the Conservative Republic. They promulgated constitutional reforms that limited the power of the president and increased the power of the Congress.
Heinrich (given name)
Heinrich (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪnʁɪç] ⓘ) is a German given name of ancient Germanic origin and a cognate to Henry. The female forms are Henrike and Henriette. The most famous patron saint is Henry (died 1024), as the German Emperor Henry II.

Henrike
Henrike is a feminine given name of Germanic origin, the female form of the male given name Henrik. Notable women with the name include:

Henrike Brandstötter (born 1975), Austrian politician

Henrike Hahn (born 1970), German politician

Henrike Handrup (born 1983), German former Paralympic cyclist

Henrike Heiland (born 1975; pen name: Zoë Beck), German writer, publisher, and translator

Henrike Kadzidroga (born 1971), German tennis player

Henrike Lähnemann (born 1968), German medievalist and academic

Henrike Naumann (1984–2026), German installation artist
James Fauntleroy
James Edward Fauntleroy II (born May 16, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and community builder from Inglewood, California. He is known for his extensive songwriting and vocal work for artists including Bruno Mars, Justin Timberlake, Rihanna, Beyoncé, Lady Gaga, Travis Scott, Frank Ocean, Kendrick Lamar, SZA, Drake, J. Cole, Vince Staples, Jhené Aiko, Big Sean, Jay-Z, Chris Brown, and John Mayer. A four-time Grammy Award winner, Fauntleroy is also the co-founder of educational and workforce initiatives such as Laboratory and All New, both of which focus on entrepreneurship, music education, and economic development in South Los Angeles.

Roland Corporation
Roland Corporation (ローランド株式会社, Rōrando Kabushiki Kaisha) is a Japanese multinational manufacturer of electronic musical instruments, electronic equipment, and software. It was founded by Ikutaro Kakehashi in Osaka in 1972. In 2005, its headquarters relocated to Hamamatsu in Shizuoka Prefecture. It has factories in Malaysia, Taiwan, Japan, and the United States. As of December 2022, it employed 2,783 people. In 2014, it was subject to a management buyout by its CEO, Junichi Miki, supported by Taiyo Pacific Partners.

Roland has manufactured numerous instruments that have had lasting impacts on music, such as the Juno-106 synthesizer, TB-303 bass synthesizer, and TR-808 and TR-909 drum machines. It was also instrumental in the development of MIDI, a standardized means of synchronizing electronic instruments manufactured by different companies. In 2016, Fact wrote that Roland had arguably had more influence on electronic music than any other company.
Madamon
Madamon is a village located in Ranni-Perunad Panchayat of Ranni Taluk, Pathanamthitta District of Kerala. It is situated in the Western Ghats with undulating terrain. The place is blessed with Pamba, a holy river which flows through it. Pamba River divides Madamon into two as Madamon Vadakkekkara and Thekkekkara. Sabharimala road is going through Thekkekkara and a boat service by PWD connects together.

Pathanamthitta
Pathanamthitta (IPA: [pɐt̪ːɐnɐn̪d̪iʈːɐ]), is a Municipal Town in southern Kerala, India, spread over an area of 23.5 km2 (9.1 sq mi). It is the administrative capital of Pathanamthitta district. The town has a population of 37,538 (as of 2011 census). The Hindu pilgrim centre Sabarimala is situated in the Pathanamthitta district; as the main transport hub to Sabarimala, the town is known as the 'Pilgrim Capital of Kerala'. Pathanamthitta District, the thirteenth revenue district of the State of Kerala, was formed with effect from 1 November 1982, with headquarters at Pathanamthitta. Forest covers more than half of the total area of the District. Pathanamthitta District ranks the 7th in area in the State. The district has its borders with Allepey, Kottayam, Kollam and Idukki districts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Nearest town is Thiruvalla (largest town in Pathanamthitta District), located at a distance of 30 km. Thiruvalla railway station is 30 km via Thiruvalla-Kumbazha highway.
Patrick O'Shaughnessy (politician)
Patrick Joseph O'Shaughnessy (1872 – 29 December 1920) was an Irish nationalist politician and Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

He was first elected unopposed as the Irish Parliamentary Party MP for the Limerick West constituency at the 1900 general election. He was re-elected at the 1906, January 1910 and December 1910 general elections. He lost his seat at the 1918 general election.

West Limerick (UK Parliament constituency)
West Limerick was a UK Parliament constituency in Ireland, returning one Member of Parliament from 1885 to 1922.

Prior to the 1885 United Kingdom general election the area was part of the County Limerick constituency. Representation at Westminster in this constituency ceased at the 1922 United Kingdom general election, which took place on 15 November, shortly before the establishment of the Irish Free State on 6 December 1922.
United States Post Office (Little Falls, New York)
US Post Office-Little Falls is a historic post office building located at Little Falls in Herkimer County, New York, United States. It was built in 1907-1909 (with an addition in 1938-1940), and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, James Knox Taylor.   It is a brick and granite structure, five bays wide, in the Beaux Arts style with a highly ornamented facade.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

James Knox Taylor
James Knox Taylor (October 11, 1857 – August 27, 1929) was Supervising Architect of the United States Department of the Treasury from 1897 to 1912. His name is listed ex officio as supervising architect of hundreds of federal buildings built throughout the United States during the period.
Dirinon Parish close
The Dirinon Parish close (Enclos paroissial) is located at Dirinon in the Brest arrondissement in Brittany in north-western France. The enclosure church is dedicated to Saint Nonne and her son Divy and was built between 1588 and 1714. It has a 1618 south porch with statues of the apostles inside as well as a statue of Christ giving a blessing and holding a globe in his left hand.  Apart from the church there is a chapel, small ossuary and a calvary. The church contains some superb altarpieces and sablières. The church is a listed historical monument since 1916. The name Dirinon is derived from the Breton "diri" which means an oak (chênes) and Sainte Nonne.

Saint David
David (Welsh: Dewi Sant; Latin: Davidus; c. 500 – c. 589) was a Welsh Christian prelate who served as Bishop of Mynyw during the 6th century. He is the patron saint of Wales.

David was a native of Wales, and tradition has preserved a large amount of detail about his life. His birth date, however, is uncertain: suggestions range from 462 to 512. He is traditionally believed to be the son of Non and the grandson of Ceredig ap Cunedda, king of Ceredigion. The Welsh annals placed his death 569 years after the birth of Christ, but Phillimore's dating revised this to 601.
C-41 (rocket)
C-41 was a two-stage Italian-built rocket, 75 kg (165 lb) in weight, part of a program to develop probe carrying rockets to study outer atmosphere. It was first launched on July 9, 1960, from the Salto di Quirra range. The project was managed by Lt.Col. Metallo (DGAM—Direzione Generali Armi e Munizioni) and Engineer Angeloni (SISPRE—Societa Italiana Sviluppo Propulsione a Reazione (Italian Society of Studies on Jet Propulsion)). To cut costs the C-41 recycled parts of existing weaponry. The first stage was powered by a cluster of four jets featuring interconnected combustion chambers. The payload carrying second stage was powered by a single engine of the same type. On the whole six C-41 were launched successfully. Successive development of probe carrying rockets was the task of the newly formed Space Research Committee within the CNR (Italian National Research Institution). The committee's president was the founder of Italian astronautics, Luigi Broglio.

National Research Council (Italy)
The National Research Council (Italian: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR) is the largest research council in Italy. As a public organisation, its remit is to support scientific and technological research. Its headquarters are in Rome.
York Buildings Water Tower
The York Buildings Waterworks' Water Tower was a water tower on the north bank of the River Thames and a dominant feature of the 18th century London skyline. It was built by the York Buildings Company, who operated the waterworks there.

The water tower was a wooden structure, 70 feet (21 m) high and with an octagonal cross-section. It was erected in the late 17th century on a site at the end of Villiers Street, by the York Watergate, now part of the Victoria Embankment Gardens. The Survey of London includes a drawing (plate 31 in volume 18) showing the building.

York House, Strand
51°30′29″N 0°07′24″W﻿ / ﻿51.50806°N 0.12333°W﻿ / 51.50806; -0.12333

York House (formerly Norwich Palace or Norwich Place) was one of a series of grand mansions that formerly stood on the Strand, the principal route from the City of London to the Palace of Westminster.
Coleophora hospitiella
Coleophora hospitiella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found on the Canary Islands (Tenerife, La Gomera, Fuerteventura), North Africa (including Libya and Tunisia), Saudi Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.

The larvae feed on Medicago laciniata.

La Gomera
La Gomera (Spanish: [la ɣoˈmeɾa] ⓘ) is one of Spain's Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. With an area of 370.03 km2 (142.87 sq mi), it is the third-smallest of the archipelago's eight main islands. It belongs to the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. La Gomera is the third least populous of the eight main Canary Islands, with 22,361 inhabitants at the start of 2023. Its capital is San Sebastián de La Gomera, where the cabildo insular (island council) is located.
Retro-soul
Retro soul, sometimes written as retro-soul, is a contemporary popular music genre that emulates the singing, arrangements and recording techniques of traditional American soul music from the 1950s to the 1970s. This differs from neo-soul and contemporary R&B as it intentionally emphasizes a vintage style.

This music was brought to mainstream popularity by singer Amy Winehouse in 2006. Her Grammy Award-winning Back to Black record production sported a vintage soul style and featured the backing from the Dap-Kings. Subsequent releases by artists Sharon Jones, Mayer Hawthorne, Adrian Younge, Raphael Saadiq, Lee Fields, Shoshana Bean and Charles Bradley continued in this tradition.

Sharon Jones
Sharon Lafaye Jones (May 4, 1956 – November 18, 2016) was an American soul and funk singer. She was the lead singer of Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings, a soul and funk band based in Brooklyn, New York. Jones experienced breakthrough success relatively late in life, releasing her first record when she was 40 years old. In 2014, Jones was nominated for her first Grammy, in the category Best R&B Album, for Give the People What They Want.
İşki
İşki (Tatar: Ишки, romanized: İşki) is a rural locality (a selo) in Mamadış District, Tatarstan. The population was 399 as of 2010.
İşki is located 36 km from Mamаdış, district's administrative centre, and 144 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road.
The earliest known record of the settlement dates from 1646.
There are 11 streets in the village.

Mamadysh
Mamadysh (Russian: Мамады́ш; Tatar: Мамадыш) is a town and the administrative center of Mamadyshsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Vyatka River (Kama's tributary), 167 kilometers (104 mi) from the republic's capital of Kazan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 14,435.
Louisiana Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of Louisiana (French: Cour suprême de Louisiane; Spanish: Corte Suprema de Luisiana) is the highest court and court of last resort in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The modern Supreme Court, composed of seven justices, meets in the French Quarter of New Orleans.

The Supreme Court, and Louisiana state law, are historically based in the colonial governments of France and Spain during the 18th century. The current Supreme Court traces its roots back to these beginnings.

Ouachita Parish, Louisiana
Ouachita Parish is a parish located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 160,368. The parish seat and largest city is Monroe. The parish was formed in 1807.

Ouachita Parish is part of the Monroe, Louisiana Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located here is Watson Brake, the oldest indigenous earthwork mound complex in North America. It was built around 3500 BC, making it older than the Ancient Egyptian pyramids or Britain's Stonehenge. It is on privately owned land and not available for public viewing.
Little Albro Lake
Little Albro Lake  is a lake of Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada in the community of Dartmouth. Little Albro Lake has a plant named the yellow floating heart that is Invasive to the area.

Nymphoides peltata
Nymphoides peltata, the fringed water-lily is perennial, rooted aquatic plant with floating leaves of the family Menyanthaceae. Synonyms include Menyanthes nymphoides L., Villarsia nymphoides, Limnanthemum peltatum S.G.Gmel., Nymphoides nymphoides (L.) Britton, and other vernacular names include yellow floating heart, floating heart, water fringe, and entire marshwort.

It is native throughout most of Europe (excluding Ireland and Scandinavia) and temperate Asia, and locally in Algeria in northwest Africa.

It has been spread by human cultivation outside its native range and is now naturalised in Ireland, Denmark and Sweden, much of North America, and New Zealand. In many of its introduced regions, N. peltata is considered a noxious weed because it can form dense mats that shade out locally native aquatic plant species, thereby reducing biodiversity.
Frisby, Leicestershire
Frisby is a hamlet and civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire that lies approximately 7.3 miles (11.7 km) southeast of the city of Leicester, that is now largely a deserted medieval village. The 2011 census for Frisby returned 5 houses and 16 residents. Often termed as Frisby by Gaulby (so as not to be confused with the nearby village of Frisby on the Wreake), the modern hamlet is situated between the village of Gaulby 1 mile (1.6 km) to the southwest and Billesdon 1.94 miles (3.12 km) to the northeast.

Deserted medieval village
In the United Kingdom, a deserted medieval village (DMV) is a former settlement which was abandoned during the Middle Ages, typically leaving no trace apart from earthworks or cropmarks. If there are three or fewer inhabited houses the convention is to regard the site as deserted; if there are more than three houses, it is regarded as a shrunken medieval village. There are estimated to be more than 3,000 DMVs in England alone.
Sweet Old World
Sweet Old World is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Lucinda Williams, released on August 25, 1992, by Chameleon Records.

A roots rock album, Sweet Old World was met with widespread critical acclaim upon release, and remains one of Williams best reviewed works. She produced the album with Dusty Wakeman and Gurf Morlix, the three of them having previously produced her earlier album, Lucinda Williams (1988). Emmylou Harris covered the title song on her album Wrecking Ball (1995).

On April 28, 2017, Williams performed the album in its entirety at Minneapolis' First Avenue nightclub; the live recording was released to commemorate Sweet Old World's 25th anniversary in August. She re-recorded the album more to her liking and released it later that year as This Sweet Old World, which earned further critical acclaim.

Wrecking Ball (Emmylou Harris album)
Wrecking Ball is the eighteenth studio album by American country artist Emmylou Harris, released on September 26, 1995, through Elektra Records. Moving away from her traditional acoustic sound, Harris collaborated with producer Daniel Lanois and engineer Mark Howard. The album has been noted for its atmospheric feel, and featured guest performances by Steve Earle, Larry Mullen Jr., Kate & Anna McGarrigle, Lucinda Williams and Neil Young, who wrote the title song.
Plaatjieskraal
Plaatjieskraal is a ghost town in the Western Cape province of South Africa located about 10 km southeast of Pearly Beach and 10 km southwest of Wolvengat.

The town was established in the 1980s, but was abandoned around 2010 and has since been taken over by sand dunes.

The town was built by the district municipality for people living in Elim and Bredasdorp. The town consists of 23 houses.

Overberg District Municipality
The Overberg District Municipality (Afrikaans: Overberg-distriksmunisipaliteit; Xhosa: uMasipala weSithili sase Overberg) is a district municipality that governs the Overberg region in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is divided into four local municipalities and includes the major towns of Grabouw, Caledon, Hermanus, Bredasdorp and Swellendam. The municipal area covers 12,241 square kilometres (4,726 sq mi) and had in 2007 an estimated population of 212,787 people in 60,056 households.