hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1879 East Somerset by-election
The 1879 East Somerset by-election was fought on 19 March 1879.  The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Ralph Shuttleworth Allen.  It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Lord Brooke.

Ralph Shuttleworth Allen
Ralph Shuttleworth Allen (1817 – 6 February 1887) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for East Somerset at the 1868 general election, was re-elected unopposed in 1874, and held his seat in the House of Commons until he resigned on 10 March 1879 by becoming Steward of the Manor of Northstead.
Alvin Karingal
Alvin Avecilla Karingal (born December 5, 1993), is a Filipino man who rose and later gained attention after his viral appearances during public protests and demonstrations against the flood control project controversy in the Philippines.

Flood control projects scandal in the Philippines
Since 2024, a series of allegations of corruption, mismanagement, and irregularities in government-funded flood management projects have been occurring in the Philippines under the administration of President Bongbong Marcos. The controversy centers on billions of pesos allocated for flood management initiatives, reports of "ghost" projects, substandard construction, and the alleged cornering of contracts by a small group of favored contractors. In response, a series of protests against alleged corruption began.
2020 New Mexico House of Representatives election
The 2020 New Mexico House of Representatives election took place on November 3, 2020, as part of the biennial United States elections. All the seats in the New Mexico House of Representatives were up for election. The previous election was held in 2018.

Primary elections were held on June 3, alongside the 2020 New Mexico Democratic presidential primary.

New Mexico House of Representatives
The New Mexico House of Representatives (Spanish: Cámara de representantes de Nuevo México) is the lower house of the New Mexico State Legislature.

There are 70 members of the House. Each member represents roughly 25,980 residents of New Mexico.

The most recent elections were held on November 5, 2024. During that election the Republican Party of New Mexico picked up one seat.
Cocal, Piauí
Cocal, Piauí is a municipality in the state of Piauí in the Northeast region of Brazil.

The municipality contains part of the 1,592,550-hectare (3,935,300-acre) Serra da Ibiapaba Environmental Protection Area, created in 1996.

In the early 1970s, Cocal sought to capitalize on the popularity of the song "Take Me Back to Piauí" by Brazilian satirist Juca Chaves, hoping that tourism inspired by the song would bring renewed economic activity to the municipality. The local government promoted festivals themed around the song, built commemorative murals, and even planned a "Piauí Nostalgia Week" to attract visitors. However, the regime's censors, suspicious of Chaves' often ironic and anti-authoritarian lyrics, targeted promoters in Cocal for scrutiny. Authorities accused several local officials of "subversive endorsement" for allowing public performances of "Take Me Back to Piauí," and in 1974 dissolved the festival committee and discouraged further public references to the song.

Anti-authoritarianism
Anti-authoritarianism is opposition to authoritarianism. Anti-authoritarians usually believe in full equality before the law and strong civil liberties.

The term is sometimes used interchangeably with anarchism, an ideology which entails opposing authority or hierarchical organization in the conduct of human relations, including the state system.
Daughters of America
The Daughters of America is an American secret society, Nativist organization dating from the late-19th century. It was founded in 1891 as an auxiliary of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. Since its heyday in the 1930s, the organization is believed to have shrunk significantly, to the point that it is no longer known whether or not it still exists. As of July 2022, the organization is still active, though membership is dwindling and new membership almost nonexistent.

Secret society
A secret society is an organization about which the activities, events, inner functioning, membership, and sometimes also existence, are concealed. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla warfare insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence.

Secret societies may be community-based or associated with colleges and universities. These societies exist in countries around the world.
Morning Glory (company)
Morning Glory (Korean: 모닝글로리) is a South Korean office supply and home goods manufacturing company. It was established in 1981 under a different name (신한교역문구센터).

It produces a variety of products, including notebooks, writing utensils, pencil cases, and home goods. It opened its first international store in Los Angeles in 1994. It had branches in New York and New Jersey by 2000 as well. The brand also exports products to other countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom. By 2014, it had locations in 20 countries in Asia, Europe, and North America. The company experienced a bankruptcy in 1998 and reorganized. In 2021, it relocated its Seoul office to the Morning Glory Building in Hongdae.

Hongdae (area)
Hongdae (Korean: 홍대) is a neighborhood in Mapo District, Seoul, South Korea, near Hongik University ("Hongik Daehakgyo" in Korean), after which it is named. The neighborhood is known for its urban arts and indie music culture, local shops, clubs, cafés and entertainment. The area is located in Mapo District in the western end of Seoul, stretching from Seogyo-dong, Hapjeong-dong & Seogang-dong.
Sex Variant Woman
Sex Variant Woman: The Life of Jeannette Howard Foster is a biography of Jeannette Howard Foster, a pioneer in lesbian studies, by American historian Joanne Passet. It was published in 2008 by Da Capo Press. The book includes a foreword by Lillian Faderman.

Queer studies
Queer studies, sexual diversity studies, or LGBTQ studies is the study of topics relating to sexual orientation and gender identity usually focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender dysphoric, asexual, aromantic, queer, questioning, and intersex people and cultures.

Originally centered on LGBT history and literary theory, the field has expanded to include the academic study of issues raised in archaeology, sociology, psychiatry, anthropology, the history of science, philosophy, psychology, sexology, political science, ethics, communication, and other fields by an examination of the identity, lives, history, and perception of being queer.

Queer studies is not the same as queer theory, which is an analytical viewpoint within queer studies (centered on literary studies and philosophy) that challenges the existence of "socially constructed" categories of sexual identity.
1960s in France
France emerged from World War II in the 1960s, rebuilding the country physically and the nation's national identity through the French Fifth Republic. Under the leadership of President Charles de Gaulle (1959–1969), France regained its great power status.

Chienlit
Chienlit is a traditional French term typically translated as masquerade (French: Mascarade) or carnival/chaos. It was brought to notoriety by General Charles de Gaulle in an angry speech during the student protests in Paris during May 1968 in France, when he used the vernacular term as a scatological pun "La réforme oui, la chie-en-lit non" meaning Reform yes, but chaos—no whilst the pun was Reform—yes, shit in bed—no.

The term is now common parlance in French political commentary, used both critically and ironically referring back to de Gaulle.
Synodontis batesii
Synodontis batesii is a species of upside-down catfish native to rivers of Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.  It was first collected by G. L. Bates and described by Belgian-British zoologist George Albert Boulenger in 1907, based upon holotypes discovered in the Dja River, near Bitye in Cameroon.  The specific name "batesii" refers to the name of the collector of the first specimen.

George Latimer Bates
George Griswold Latimer Bates (March 21, 1863, Abingdon, Illinois US  – January 31, 1940 Chelmsford UK), LL.D., M.B.O.U. was an American naturalist. He lived in central Africa and travelled widely, collecting specimens of natural history from which numerous new species were described. As many as 62 new species of mammals, reptiles and amphibians were described from his collections, including the Goliath frog, the hairy frog, and the Goliath shrew Crocidura goliath. He published a Handbook of the Birds of West Africa (1930) and was compiling a catalogue of the birds of Arabia.
Bernice C. Downing
Bernice C. Downing (1878 – September 26, 1940) was an American newspaper publisher, editor, postmaster and speaker. She and her twin sister, Bertha C. Downing, were the first women in California to own, edit and publish their own newspaper, the Santa Clara Journal.

Santa Clara, California
Santa Clara (/ˌsæntə ˈklærə/ SAN-tə KLAR-ə; Spanish for 'Saint Clare') is a city in Santa Clara County, California. The city's population was 127,647 at the 2020 census, making it the eighth-most populous city in the Bay Area. Located in the southern Bay Area, the city was founded by the Spanish in 1777 with the establishment of Mission Santa Clara de Asís under the leadership of Junípero Serra.

Santa Clara is located in the center of Silicon Valley and is home to the headquarters of companies such as Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and Nvidia. It is also home to Santa Clara University, the oldest private university in California; Levi's Stadium, the home of the National Football League's San Francisco 49ers; and California's Great America amusement park. Santa Clara is bordered by San Jose on almost every side, except for Sunnyvale and Cupertino to the west.
Alois Neuman
Alois Neuman (12 March 1901 – 27 July 1977) was a Czechoslovak politician and resistance fighter against Nazism. He was arrested and held in the Buchenwald concentration camp due to resisting the Nazi efforts.

České Budějovice
České Budějovice (Czech: [ˈtʃɛskɛː ˈbuɟɛjovɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Budweis) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 97,000 inhabitants. The city is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše.

České Budějovice is the largest city in the region and its political and commercial capital, the seat of the Diocese of České Budějovice and the University of South Bohemia. It is famous for the Budweiser Budvar Brewery. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Dilly Dilly
"Dilly Dilly" is a phrase popularized in late 2017 by a television marketing campaign in North America by the Wieden+Kennedy advertising agency for Anheuser-Busch Inbev's Bud Light beer. The campaign was launched in August 2017 with the ad entitled "Banquet" and set in medieval times. It became a catchphrase and resulted in increased sales, the production of further Bud Light ads broadcast during the American football playoffs and Super Bowl LII, and the popularizing of the phrase the "Pit of Misery" as well as characters such as the Bud Light King and the Bud Knight.

Anheuser-Busch brands
Anheuser-Busch is the largest brewing company in the United States, with a market share of 34% percent in 2023. A wholly owned subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, Anheuser-Busch operates 12 breweries in the United States and nearly 20 in other countries, which increased after Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV acquired SABMiller in 2016. Brands include Budweiser, Busch, Michelob, Bud Light, and Natural Light.  As of September 2025 Michelob Ultra is the top selling beer in America.
Sherwyn Noble
Sherwyn Noble (born 15 August 1976) is a Guyanese-born Sint Maartener cricketer.

A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, Noble was selected in Sint Maarten's squad for the 2008 Stanford 20/20. Having received a bye into the first round after Cuba could not fulfill their preliminary round fixture, Dornick made his Twenty20 debut in the first-round match against Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, which despite an unbeaten century from John Eugene, Sint Maarten lost by 10 runs and were eliminated from the tournament. Noble played in this match as a middle-order batsman, though without success as he was dismissed without scoring by Orlanzo Jackson. This marks Noble's only appearance in Twenty20 cricket.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Cartin–Snyder–Overacker Farmstead
Cartin–Snyder–Overacker Farmstead is a historic farm located at Melrose, Rensselaer County, New York. The farmstead includes a number of contributing outbuildings.  The farmhouse was built in 1974 to replace one burned that year.  The contributing resources include the outhouse (c. 1900), garage (c. 1920s), ice house (c. 1900), milk house (c. 1920s), chicken house (c. 1920s), threshing barn (c. 1810), tool barn (c. 1810), horse barn (c. 1840-1860), and rabbit house (c. 1940).: 3–5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

Outhouse
An outhouse — known variously across the English-speaking world otherwise as bog, dunny, long-drop, or privy — is a small structure, separate from a house or main building, which covers a toilet. This is typically either a pit latrine or a bucket toilet, but other forms of dry (non-flushing) toilets may be encountered. The term may also be used to denote the toilet itself, not just the structure.

Outhouses were in use in cities of developed countries (e.g. Australia) well into the second half of the twentieth century. They are still common in rural areas and also in cities of developing countries. Outhouses that are covering pit latrines in densely populated areas can cause groundwater pollution.
Shawnee Mound, Missouri
Shawnee Mound is an unincorporated community in northeastern Henry County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is on Missouri Route 13 ten miles north of Clinton. Post Oak is three miles north in southern Johnson County. The Shawnee Mound church and cemetery are approximately one half mile to the southwest on a county road. The community is on a ridge between the headwaters of Sand Creek to the east and Honey Creek to the west.

Honey Creek (Big Creek tributary)
Honey Creek is a stream in Henry and Johnson counties of Missouri. It is a tributary of Big Creek.

The stream headwaters are at 38°34′21″N 93°47′58″W﻿ / ﻿38.57250°N 93.79944°W﻿ / 38.57250; -93.79944 and the confluence with Big Creek is at 38°26′44″N 93°53′53″W﻿ / ﻿38.44556°N 93.89806°W﻿ / 38.44556; -93.89806.

Honey Creek was named for the honey bees near its course.
Bowery Ballroom
The Bowery Ballroom is a live music venue at 6 Delancey Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The venue has enjoyed a fabled reputation among musicians as well as audiences. In 2013, industry insiders polled by Rolling Stone magazine named it the best club in America, describing it as "both intimate and grand, with consistently great sound and sightlines, and touches of old-school class." Consequence of Sound named it the second-best music venue in the United States.

It has a capacity of 575 people.

LA Weekly
LA Weekly is a free weekly alternative newspaper in Los Angeles, California. The paper covers music, arts, film, theater, culture, and other local news in the Los Angeles area, in addition to sponsoring local events. LA Weekly was founded in 1978 by Jay Levin (among others), and he served as the publication's editor from 1978 to 1991, as well as its president from 1978 to 1992.
Billericay railway station
Billericay railway station serves the town of Billericay, in Essex, England. It lies 24 miles 28 chains (39.19 km) east of London Liverpool Street, on the Shenfield to Southend Line between Shenfield and Wickford. The vast majority of services link Southend Victoria with Liverpool Street, joining the Great Eastern Main Line at Shenfield. The station and all trains serving it are operated by Greater Anglia.

Greater Anglia
GA Trains Limited, trading as Greater Anglia, is a British state-owned train operating company that provides commuter and inter-city services from its Central London terminus at Liverpool Street station to Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk and parts of Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire, as well as many regional services throughout the East of England.

It took over the services of the operator of the same name from Transport UK Group and Mitsui & Co on 12 October 2025.
Ronald V. Clarke
Ronald Victor Gemuseus Clarke (24 April 1941 – 28 May 2025) was an English criminologist and University Professor in the School of Criminal Justice at Rutgers University–Newark. He was also the associate director of the Center for Problem-Oriented Policing.

Center for Problem-Oriented Policing
The Center for Problem-Oriented Policing is an American nonprofit organization dedicated to studying and advancing problem-oriented policing.

It was established in 1999 at the University of Albany, with funding from the Department of Justice's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. It consists of police practitioners, universities, and scholars studying policing.
2018 Moscow River Cup – Singles
This was the first edition of the tournament.

Olga Danilović won her first WTA Tour title, defeating Anastasia Potapova in the final, 7–5, 6–7(1–7), 6–4. Danilović became the first player born after 2000 to win a WTA singles title, and the first lucky loser to win a singles title since Andrea Jaeger in 1980. This was the first WTA Tour final between two players under 18 since Tatiana Golovin and Nicole Vaidišová played in the final of the 2005 AIG Japan Open Tennis Championships.

Anastasia Potapova
Anastasia Sergeyevna Potapova (born 30 March 2001) is a Russian-born Austrian professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of No. 21 by the WTA, achieved on 19 June 2023, and a doubles ranking of world No. 40, reached on 5 December 2022. Potapova has won three WTA Tour singles titles along with three doubles titles. She is a former junior world No. 1, and she was the 2016 Wimbledon girls' singles champion.
Imperial Unified School District
Imperial Unified School District is a public school district based in Imperial County, California, United States. It serves the city of Imperial and the unincorporated communities of Boulder Park, Coyote Wells, Dixieland, and Ocotillo.

Boulder Park, California
32°39′32″N 116°06′03″W﻿ / ﻿32.65889°N 116.10083°W﻿ / 32.65889; -116.10083

Boulder Park is an unincorporated community in Imperial County, California. It lies at an elevation of 2923 feet (891 m) along Interstate 8. The Desert View Tower is located in Boulder Park.
Cape Cort Adelaer
Cape Cort Adelaer (Danish: Kap Cort Adelaer), also known as Cape Adelaer, is a headland in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast Greenland, Sermersooq municipality. This cape is named after Norwegian seaman Cort Adeler (1622–1675) who distinguished himself for services rendered  to the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy.

History of the Danish navy
The history of the Danish navy began with the founding of a joint Dano-Norwegian navy on 10 August 1510, when King John appointed his vassal Henrik Krummedige to become "chief captain and head of all our captains, men and servants whom we now have appointed and ordered to be at sea".

The joint fleet was dissolved when Christian Fredrick established separate fleets for Denmark and Norway on 12 April 1814. These are the modern ancestors of today's Royal Danish Navy and Royal Norwegian Navy.
David di Donatello for Best Actor
The David di Donatello Award for Best Actor (Italian: David di Donatello per il miglior attore protagonista) is a film award presented annually by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano (ACI, Academy of Italian Cinema) to recognize the outstanding performance in a leading role of a male actor in an Italian film released during the year preceding the ceremony. The award was first given in 1956, and became competitive in 1981.

Vittorio Gassman and Alberto Sordi are the record holders in this category with seven awards each, followed by Marcello Mastroianni and Elio Germano with five.

Nominees and winners are selected via runoff voting by all the members of the Accademia.

Vittorio Gassman
Vittorio Gassman Knight Grand Cross OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [vitˈtɔːrjo ˈɡazman]; born Gassmann; 1 September 1922 – 29 June 2000), popularly known as Il Mattatore, was an Italian actor, director, and screenwriter.

He is considered one of the greatest Italian actors, whose career includes both important productions as well as dozens of divertissements.
Enrique Sánchez-Guijo
Enrique Sánchez-Guijo is a paralympic athlete from Spain competing mainly in category T11 sprint events.

Sánchez has competed in three Paralympics, firstly in 1992 Summer Paralympics in his home country whereas in well as competing in the 200m, 400m and 800m he was a part of the victorious 4 × 400 m relay team.  At the following games in 1996 he again competed in the 100m, 200m and 400m, but it was as part of the Spanish relay teams that he won medals, gold in the 4 × 100 m and 4 × 400 m.  It was in 2000 Summer Paralympics that he won his first individual medal, a gold medal in the T11 200m while he also ran as part of the bronze medal-winning 4 × 100 m relay team.

1992 Summer Paralympics
The 1992 Summer Paralympics (Spanish: Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano de 1992; Catalan: Jocs Paralímpics d'estiu de 1992) were the ninth Paralympic Games to be held. They were held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. In addition, the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympics in the Spanish capital, Madrid.
Williamson County Courthouse (Texas)
The Williamson County Courthouse is a courthouse in Georgetown, Texas, United States. It was designed by Charles Henry Page in 1909, and exhibits Beaux-Arts architecture. In 1923, District Attorney Dan Moody obtained an assault conviction against four members of the Ku Klux Klan at this courthouse. A Texas historical marker for the trials stands on the courthouse grounds. The Texas Historical Commission wrote, "These trials were considered the first prosecutorial success in the United States against the 1920s Klan and quickly weakened the Klan's political influence in Texas." 
During the 2000s, the building underwent a $9 million restoration. The courthouse was rededicated in October 2006.

The building is part of the Williamson County Courthouse Historic District. A Confederate monument is installed outside the courthouse.

Dan Moody
Daniel James Moody Jr. (June 1, 1893 – May 22, 1966), was an American lawyer and conservative Democratic politician. Originally from Taylor, Texas, he served as the 30th governor of Texas between 1927 and 1931. At the age of 33, he was elected. He took office as the youngest governor in Texas history. After his two terms as governor, he returned to private law practice. He continued to prosecute and represent various functions of the US government later in life.