hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transformation matrix
In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices. If  is a linear transformation mapping  to  and  is a column vector with  entries, then there exists an  matrix , called the transformation matrix of , such that:

Note that  has  rows and  columns, whereas the transformation  is from  to .  There are alternative expressions of transformation matrices involving row vectors that are preferred by some authors.

Function composition
In mathematics, the composition operator  takes two functions,  and , and returns a new function .  When the composite function  (pronounced " of ") is evaluated at an input , the result is . That is, the function  is applied after applying  to .

The composition of functions is a special case of the composition of relations, sometimes also denoted by . As a result, all properties of composition of relations are true of composition of functions, such as associativity.
Guo Dan (speed skater)
Guo Dan (Chinese: 郭丹; pinyin: Guō Dān; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwó tán]; born 6 December 1990) is a Chinese female roller skater who is also specialised in speed skating. She took the sport of roller skating at the age of three and has competed at several international competitions as a roller skater. She most notably secured a gold medal in the women's 20000m elimination race during the 2013 World Games, which was held in Colombia.

Guo Dan decided to take the sport of speed skating in late 2015 as she was aiming to qualify for the 2018 Winter Olympics. She took part in the 2017 Asian Winter Games and competed in the women's mass start event. Guo Dan was selected to represent China at the 2018 Winter Olympics and competed in the women's mass start event.

2013 World Games
The 2013 World Games (Spanish: Juegos Mundiales 2013), the ninth World Games, also known as Cali 2013, were an international multi-sport event held in the city of Cali, Colombia, from July 25 to August 4. It is the first edition of the World Games to be held in South America.
FC Ulytau
FC Ulytau (Kazakh: Ұлытау футбол клубы) is a Kazakhstani professional football club based in Jezkazgan. They were members of the Kazakhstan First Division and in 2024 were promoted to the Kazakhstan Premier League.

Jezkazgan
Jezkazgan (also spelled Zhezkazgan) is a city and the administrative centre of Ulytau Region, Kazakhstan. Its urban area includes the neighbouring mining town of Satpayev, for a total city population of 148,700. Jezkazgan's population was 86,227 (2009 census results); 90,001 (1999 census results).

55% of Zhezqazghan's population are Kazakhs and 30% Russians, with smaller minorities of Ukrainians, Germans, Chechens and Koreans.
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a rare birth defect in which there is a complete or partial absence of the corpus callosum. It occurs when the development of the corpus callosum, the band of white matter connecting the two hemispheres in the brain, in the embryo is disrupted. The result of this is that the fibers that would otherwise form the corpus callosum are instead longitudinally oriented along the ipsilateral ventricular wall and form structures called Probst bundles.

In addition to agenesis, other degrees of callosal defects exist, including hypoplasia (underdevelopment or thinness), hypogenesis (partial agenesis) or dysgenesis (malformation).

ACC is found in many syndromes and can often present alongside hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis. When this is the case, there can also be an enlarged fourth ventricle or hydrocephalus; this is called Dandy–Walker malformation.

White matter
White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts. Long thought to be passive tissue, white matter affects learning and brain functions, modulating the distribution of action potentials, acting as a relay and coordinating communication between different brain regions.

White matter is named for its relatively light appearance resulting from the lipid content of myelin. Its white color in prepared specimens is due to its usual preservation in formaldehyde. It appears pinkish-white to the naked eye otherwise, because myelin is composed largely of lipid tissue veined with capillaries.
Ashby Canal Association
The Ashby Canal Association (ACA) is a waterway society and a registered charity, in Leicestershire and Staffordshire, England, concerned with the Ashby Canal, and affiliated to the Inland Waterways Association.

The Association was founded in 1966 in response to the closure of the northern eight miles of the Ashby Canal. The Association's work parties are active in the restoration and reconnection to the main waterway, in partnership with the Ashby Canal Trust.

Conservation and restoration of cultural property
The conservation and restoration of cultural property focuses on protection and care of cultural property (tangible cultural heritage), including artworks, architecture, archaeology, and museum collections. Conservation activities include preventive conservation, examination, documentation, research, treatment, and education. This field is closely allied with conservation science, curators and registrars.
Māngere River
The Māngere River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows  generally westwards from its sources in hills northwest of Whangārei, meeting the Wairua River 10 kilometres (6 mi) northwest of Maungatapere.

At the annual New Zealand River Awards in 2014, it was awarded "Most Improved."

Whangārei
Whangārei is the northernmost city in New Zealand and the largest settlement of the Northland Region. It is part of the Whangarei District, created in 1989 from the former Whangarei City, Whangarei County and Hikurangi Town councils to administer both the city and its hinterland. The city population was estimated to be 56,100 in June 2025, an increase from 47,000 in 2001.
Monaco Kart Cup
The CIK-FIA Monaco Kart Cup was a kart racing competition organised by the Automobile Club de Monaco (ACM) and sanctioned by the Commission Internationale de Karting (CIK-FIA) at the Circuit de Monaco in La Condamine, Monaco.

Founded in 1995, the event was contested until 2010 by drivers in junior and senior classes. The kart circuit followed Port Hercules of the famous Formula One track, including corners such as Tabac, La Piscine and La Rascasse. The junior race was known as the Junior Monaco Grand Prix from 2006 to 2010.

Notable winners of the Monaco Kart Cup include Formula One World Drivers' Champions Michael Schumacher and Sebastian Vettel, as well as other Formula One drivers Robert Kubica, Carlos Sainz Jr. and Charles Leclerc.

La Condamine
La Condamine (French pronunciation: [la kɔ̃damin]; Monégasque: A Cundàmina [a kuŋˈdamina]) is the central ward and a quartier in the Principality of Monaco. The quartier's landmarks include Port Hercules, the Rainier III Nautical Stadium, and the Princess Antoinette Park. Its farmers' market, at Place d'Armes, has been held since 1880.
Wire
A wire is a flexible, round bar of metal. Wires are commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Wire gauges come in various standard sizes, as expressed in terms of a gauge number or cross-sectional area.

Wires are used to bear mechanical loads, often in the form of wire rope. In electricity and telecommunications signals, wire can refer to electrical cable, which can contain a solid core of a single wire or separate strands in stranded or braided forms.

Usually cylindrical in geometry, wire can also be made in square, hexagonal, flattened rectangular, or other cross-sections, either for decorative purposes, or for technical purposes such as high-efficiency voice coils in loudspeakers. Edge-wound coil springs, such as the Slinky toy, are made of special flattened wire.

Voice coil
A voice coil (consisting of a former, collar, and winding) is the coil of  wire attached to the apex of a loudspeaker cone. It provides the motive force to the cone by the reaction of a magnetic field to the current passing through it.

The term is also used for voice coil linear motors such as those used to move the heads inside hard disk drives, which produce a larger force and move a longer distance but work on the same principle. In some applications, such as the operation of  servo valves, electronic focus adjustment on digital cameras, these are known as voice coil motors (VCM).
Estudando o Pagode
The title of Tom Zé's 2005 release, Estudando o Pagode, literally means "studying pagode" (the subgenre of samba). This album is a three-act operetta about women and their relationship to men. Zé refers to the album as being masculist in that "it calls man's attention to the huge disadvantage he has created in his present relationship with women."1 As is common in Zé's music, this album incorporates novel sounds such as a braying donkey and those created from an instrument made out of ficus (fig) leaves.

Ficus
Ficus (/ˈfaɪkəs/ or /ˈfiːkəs/) is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. Many Ficus species are grown for their fruits, though only two species, the common fig (F. carica) and sycamore fig (F. sycomorus), are cultivated to any extent, with common fig being the type species and by far the most important. The fruit of most other species are also edible though they are usually of only local economic importance or eaten as bushfood. However, they are extremely important food resources for wildlife. Figs are also of considerable cultural importance throughout the tropics, both as objects of worship and for their many practical uses.
Mika Pulkkinen
Mika Pulkkinen (born 29 December 1972) is a Finnish football coach and a former player who played as a midfielder. Pulkkinen started football in his hometown club KTP. Besides in his native Finland, Pulkkinen played for Heerenveen in Dutch Eredivisie and for SW Bregenz in Austrian Bundesliga. During his career, he made 81 appearances in Finnish top-tier Veikkausliiga for TP-Seinäjoki, Kotkan TP, Atlantis, Allianssi and KooTeePee, scoring nine goals in total.

After his playing career, Pulkkinen has worked as a coaching director for KTP, HJS and RoPS, which he also coached. In 2022, he worked as a head coach of Norwegian club Hønefoss.

Hønefoss BK
Hønefoss Ballklubb is a Norwegian football club from Hønefoss, founded in 1895. The club was a part of the multi-sports club L/F Hønefoss, which folded in 2008.

After 11 years in 1. divisjon, the second tier of Norwegian football, Hønefoss was promoted to Tippeligaen in 2009, where they finished 14th in 2010 Tippeligaen and was relegated after a relegation-playoff against Fredrikstad. In 2011, Hønefoss won the 1. divisjon and was promoted to the Tippeligaen for the second time in three years. Their second spell in Tippeligaen lasted for two seasons, and they were again relegated to the 1. divisjon in 2013.
David Rennie (columnist)
David Rennie (born 1971) is a British journalist. He is a columnist for The Economist, where until September 2017 he served as the Lexington columnist (Farewell Lexington column) and until 2024 as Beijing bureau chief and author of the Chaguan column on China. Currently he serves as The Economist's geopolitics editor. He is the son of Sir John Rennie, former 'C' (i.e., Director) of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6).

Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service
The chief of the Secret Intelligence Service serves as the head of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, also commonly known as MI6), which is part of the United Kingdom intelligence community. The chief is appointed by the foreign secretary, to whom they report directly. Annual reports are also made to the prime minister.

The chief of the Secret Intelligence Service typically signs letters with a "C" in green ink. This originates from the initial used by Captain Sir Mansfield Smith-Cumming, when he signed a letter "C" in green ink. Since then the chief has been known as "C".
Ecclestone (surname)
Ecclestone is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

A. W. Ecclestone (1901–1984), British architect

Arthur Ecclestone (1906–1990), English footballer

Bernie Ecclestone (born 1930), British businessman

George Walter Ecclestone (1865–1940), Canadian politician

Giles Ecclestone (born 1968), English cricketer

Petra Ecclestone (born 1988), British model and fashion designer

Simon Ecclestone (born 1971), English cricketer

Slavica Ecclestone (born 1958), model and ex-wife of Bernie

Sophie Ecclestone (born 1999), English cricketer

Tamara Ecclestone (born 1984), English model and TV personality, daughter of Bernie

Tim Ecclestone (1947–2024), Canadian ice hockey player

William Ecclestone (died 1623), Shakespearian actor

William Ecclestone (footballer) (1873–1937), English footballer

Sophie Ecclestone
Sophie Ecclestone (born 6 May 1999) is an English cricketer who plays for Lancashire, North West Thunder, Manchester Originals, UP Warriorz and England. In December 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named her the Emerging Player of the Year. At the end of the ICC Women's T20 World Cup in March 2020, she became the world's number one bowler in Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) cricket. In July 2021, Ecclestone was named the ICC Women's Player of the Month for June 2021. She was named as one of the 2025 Wisden Cricketers of the Year.
Decamethylferrocene
Decamethylferrocene or bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iron(II) is a chemical compound with formula Fe(C5(CH3)5)2 or C20H30Fe.  It is a sandwich compound, whose molecule has an iron(II) cation Fe2+ attached by coordination bonds between two pentamethylcyclopentadienyl anions (Cp*−, (CH3)5C−5). It can also be viewed as a derivative of ferrocene, with a methyl group replacing each hydrogen atom of its cyclopentadienyl rings.  The name and formula are often abbreviated to DmFc, Me10Fc  or FeCp*2.

This compound is a yellow crystalline solid that is used in chemical laboratories as a weak reductant. The iron(II) core is easily oxidized to iron(III), yielding the monovalent cation decamethylferrocenium, and even to higher oxidation states.

Coordinate covalent bond
In coordination chemistry, a coordinate covalent bond, also known as a dative bond, dipolar bond, or coordinate bond is a kind of two-center, two-electron covalent bond in which the two electrons derive from the same atom.  The bonding of metal ions to ligands involves this kind of interaction.  This type of interaction is central to Lewis acid–base theory.

Coordinate bonds are commonly found in coordination compounds.
Stree Janma
Stree Janma (transl. Women's Life) is a 1967 Telugu-language drama film, produced by D. Ramanaidu under the Suresh Productions banner and directed by K. S. Prakash Rao. It stars N. T. Rama Rao and Krishna Kumari, with music composed by Ghantasala.

Krishna Kumari (actress)
T. Krishna Kumari (6 March 1933 – 24 January 2018) was an Indian actress. She worked predominantly in Telugu films, in addition to Tamil and Kannada films in the 1950s and 1960s. She was the sister of noted actress Sowkar Janaki.

She starred in over 150 films in her career, most notably Pichi Pullayya (1953), Bangaru Papa (1955), Vinayaka Chaviti (1957), Pelli Kanuka (1960), Devanthakudu (1960), Bharya Bhartalu (1961), Vagdanam (1961), Kula Gotralu (1962), Chaduvukunna Ammayilu (1963), Bandipotu (1963), Punarjanma (1963 film), Aggi Pidugu (1964), Doctor Chakravarty (1964), Gudi Gantalu (1964), Antastulu (1965), Chikkadu Dorakadu (1967),Tikka Sankarayya (1968), Neramu Siksha (1973).
Romanian Ecologist Party
The Romanian Ecologist Party (Romanian: Partidul Ecologist Român, PER) is an ecologist and currently mostly conservative and green conservative political party in Romania, member of the AER Alliance for Romania (Alianța AER pentru România). Without parliamentary representation, it is one of the microparties still active in the country with some representatives elected in the local administration (i.e. a few mayors and county councillors and 210 local councillors), especially in Râmnicu Vâlcea and Vâlcea County, where it is ranked third behind the National Liberal Party (PNL) and the Social Democratic Party (PSD), Romania's two largest parties. Previously, it collaborated with the Green Party (PV) in the 2008 legislative elections.

Vâlcea County
Vâlcea County (also spelt Vîlcea; Romanian pronunciation: [ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a]) is a county (județ) that lies in south-central Romania. Located in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (which are separated by the Olt River), it is also part of the wider Wallachia region. Its capital city is Râmnicu Vâlcea.
Dyhia Belhabib
Dyhia Belhabib is a criminal profiler who researches crime behaviours and investigates maritime crimes. She was trained as an environmental scientist and researcher specialising in illegal fishing, conservation, artisanal fishing and food security. She is currently principal fisheries investigator for Ecotrust Canada and founder of Spyglass. Her research has investigated the link between fishing industry and the illegal drug trade and conflict between artisanal fishing, illegal fishing, climate change and international fishing subsidies. She has also advocated for decolonization and greater equity in ocean science.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.
Dowlatabadi
Dowlatabadi is a last name. Notable people with this last name include:

Aziz Dowlatabadi (1922–2009), Iranian poet

Mahmoud Dowlatabadi (born 1940), Iranian writer and actor

Parvin Dowlatabadi (1924–2008), Iranian children's writer

Sediqeh Dowlatabadi (1882–1961), Iranian feminist activist and journalist

Zahra Dowlatabadi (born 1962), Iranian-American filmmaker

Sediqeh Dowlatabadi
Sediqeh Dowlatabadi (Persian: صدیقه دولت‌آبادی listenⓘ; 1882 in Isfahan – 30 July 1961 in Tehran) was an Iranian feminist activist and journalist and one of the pioneering figures in the Persian women's movement.

On one of the occasions when Dowlatabadi was arrested for her activities, she replied:

Sir, I was born a hundred years late, if I had been born earlier, I would not have allowed women to be so humiliated and trapped in your chains.
2024 European Squash Team Championships
The 2024 European Squash Team Championships was the 50th edition of European Squash Team Championships for squash players. The event was held at the Squash Arena and Sportcenter Blue Point in Uster, Switzerland from 1 to 4 May 2024. The tournament was organised by the Swiss Squash and sanctioned by the European Squash Federation.

The England men's team won their 44th title and the Belgium women's team won their first ever title.

Uster
Uster (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈʊstər]; Zurich German: Uschter, pronounced [uʃːtər]) is a town and the capital of the Uster District in the Swiss canton of Zürich.

The importance of the town of Uster has grown considerably with the construction of the S-Bahn network of the Zürich Transport Network. With over 36,000 inhabitants, it is the third largest town in the canton and is one of the twenty largest towns in Switzerland. Along with Wetzikon, it forms one of the two centres of the Zürcher Oberland. Uster is located next to a lake, called Greifensee.

The official language of Uster is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

The town of Uster received the Wakker Prize in 2001.
Haato
Haato & co. (formerly Gelato di Crema) is a retailer of dessert based in Singapore, operating a chain of cafes, and run by the Dessert Empire Private Limited. A Haato cafe is run either by a franchisee or the corporation itself. Haato primarily sells gelato, yoghurt, sorbet, waffles, pastries, beverages and hot food. As of 2011, there are seven Haato outlets across Singapore. It was ranked second on the list of five best gelato shops in Singapore.

Waffle
A waffle is a dish made from usually leavened batter or dough that is cooked between two plates that are patterned to give a characteristic size, shape, and surface impression. There are many variations based on the type of waffle iron and recipe used. Waffles are eaten throughout the world, particularly in Belgium, which has over a dozen regional varieties.  Waffles may be made fresh or simply heated after having been commercially baked and packaged fresh or frozen.
1987 Nabisco Masters – Doubles
Tomáš Šmíd and Miloslav Mečíř defeated Ken Flach and Robert Seguso in the final, 6–4, 7–5, 6–7, 6–3 to win the doubles tennis title at the 1987 Masters Grand Prix.

Stefan Edberg and Anders Järryd were the two-time defending champions, but were defeated in the semifinals by Šmíd and Mečíř.

Anders Järryd
Anders Per Järryd (pronounced [ˈânːdɛʂ ˈjæ̂rːyːd]; born 13 July 1961) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden. During his career he won eight Grand Slam doubles titles (three French Open, two Wimbledon, two US Open, one Australian Open), reached the world No. 1 doubles ranking, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 5.

Järryd was born in Lidköping, Västra Götaland. He also played bandy in Lidköpings AIK, while growing up.
Backwater (song)
"Backwater" is a song recorded by the Meat Puppets. It was released as the first single from the group's album Too High to Die. The single was released in three versions: one promo CDS and two singles. It is the Meat Puppets' most successful single. The highest position in the US was No. 47 in Billboard Hot 100, No. 2 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart, No. 11 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and No. 31 on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40 chart. The 3 track single features a cover of the Feederz. They Might Be Giants sing back-up vocals on "White Sport Coat".

Too High to Die
Too High to Die is the eighth studio album by American rock band the Meat Puppets. The album was released on January 25, 1994, by London Records. It was produced by Butthole Surfers guitarist Paul Leary. The album's title is a parody of the Ramones' 1984 album Too Tough to Die.

A limited edition of Too High to Die included the 10" vinyl promo EP Raw Meat. The cover art on this limited edition features more color than the simply pink-toned normal cover.

The album was supported by a lengthy tour, which included spots opening for the likes of Blind Melon, Soul Asylum, and Stone Temple Pilots (and shortly before the album's release, Nirvana).