hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council, 1870–1872
This is a list of members of the Western Australian Legislative Council from October 1870 to June 1872. The chamber had 18 members, as specified by the Legislative Council Act 1870 (33 Vict, No. 13). Section 1 of this Act specified that a minimum of one-third of the council would be appointed by the Crown. Three of these were official nominees who were part of the Continuous Ministry—namely the Colonial Secretary, Attorney-General and the Surveyor-General—while the remaining three were "non-official nominees".

Of the 12 elected representatives, two members each represented Perth and Fremantle, while the remainder represented the rural districts. Franchise was limited to free men who owned £100 of freehold property or paid £10 per annum rent. An amendment proclaimed on 17 August 1871 allowed former prisoners who had been granted a conditional pardon and who met the above conditions to vote.

Surveyor General of Western Australia
The Surveyor General of Western Australia is the person nominally responsible for government surveying in Western Australia.

In the early history of Western Australia, the office of surveyor general was one of the most important public offices. The first surveyor general, John Septimus Roe, was responsible for the laying out of many townsites, including Perth and Fremantle, and played a prominent role in the politics of the day.  Another surveyor general, John Forrest, became Premier of Western Australia, and later a Cabinet minister in Australia's first federal government.

In modern times, the position of surveyor general has diminished in importance. It remains a statutory office, and is housed within the current agency named Landgate.
BYU Cougars women's soccer
The BYU Cougars women's soccer team represents Brigham Young University in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I soccer. Prior to the 1995 season, the team participated as a club sport. The team is coached by Jennifer Rockwood and has made the NCAA Tournament 26 times, reaching the Quarterfinals of the College Cup five times in 2003, 2012, 2019, 2021, and 2023. The team plays its home games at South Field on the university campus.

Utah Royals
The Utah Royals (formerly Utah Royals FC) are an American professional soccer team based in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area that competes in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). Established on November 16, 2017, as an expansion team, the Royals played their first stint in the NWSL from 2018 until ceasing operations in 2020, with their player-related assets transferred to the expansion Kansas City Current. In 2023, then Real Salt Lake owners Ryan Smith and David Blitzer reestablished the team.
Health of Charles Darwin
For much of his adult life, Charles Darwin's health was repeatedly compromised by an uncommon combination of symptoms, leaving him severely debilitated for long periods of time. However, Darwin himself suggested that, in some ways, this may have helped his work: "Even ill-health, though it has annihilated several years of my life, has saved me from the distractions of society and amusement."

Darwin consulted numerous doctors, but, with the medical science of the time, the cause remained undiagnosed. He tried all available treatments, but these had at best only temporary success. More recently, there has been much speculation as to the nature of his illness.

It has been suggested that exhuming Darwin's remains could clarify the nature of his health issues.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Power and Pain
Power and Pain is the debut album by American thrash metal band Whiplash. It was released in 1986 via Roadrunner Records and was followed up by 1987's Ticket to Mayhem.

In 1998, Displeased Records rereleased Power and Pain, which included their second album, Ticket to Mayhem.

The album features members of New York City bands, Carnivore and Agnostic Front, on backing vocals.

Metal Hammer included the album cover on their list of "50 most hilariously ugly rock and metal album covers ever".

Displeased Records
Displeased Records was a Dutch independent record label, founded by Lars Eikema and Ron Veltkamp. The label had many Dutch and other extreme metal bands on its roster, but has also re-released albums by Agathocles, Cryptopsy, Infernäl Mäjesty, Sadus, Toxik and Whiplash. The label also had a large mail order division called Discorder.com.
Maxine Peake
Maxine Peake (born 14 July 1974) is an English actress and narrator. She is known for her roles as Twinkle in dinnerladies, a sitcom on BBC One (1998–2000), as Veronica Ball in Shameless, the comedy drama from Channel 4 (2004–2007), Martha Costello in the BBC One legal drama Silk (2011–2014), and Grace Middleton in the BBC One drama series The Village (2013–2014). In 2017, she starred in the Black Mirror episode "Metalhead". She has also played the title role in a Royal Exchange production of Hamlet, as well as the notorious serial killer Myra Hindley in See No Evil: The Moors Murders, the critically acclaimed 2006 dramatisation by ITV of the Moors murders.

Dramatization
A dramatization is the creation of a dramatic performance of material depicting real or fictional events. Dramatization may occur in any media, and can play a role in education and the psychological development of children. The production of a dramatization presents potential legal issues, arising both from the use of elements of fictional works created by others, and with the depiction of real persons and events.
Orchestes
Orchestes is a genus of beetles either classified in the subfamily Rhynchaeninae or in the tribe Rhamphini of the subfamily Curculioninae, of the family Curculionidae. It encompasses six species in North America, including Orchestes steppensis, and more in Eurasia. It was previously regarded as a synonym of Rhynchaenus, which is now used with a much more restricted definition. The name Pedetes (normally used for the springhares) has been used as a manuscript name for this genus around 1799, but not published as a valid name.

Curculionidae
The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families with 6,800 genera and 83,000 species described worldwide. They are the sister group to the family Brentidae.

They include the bark beetles as the subfamily Scolytinae, which are modified  in shape in accordance with their wood-boring lifestyle. They do not much resemble other weevils, so they were traditionally considered a distinct family, Scolytidae. The family also includes the ambrosia beetles, of which the present-day subfamily Platypodinae was formerly considered the distinct family Platypodidae.
Volkswagen EA211 engine
The Volkswagen EA211 engine (EA = development order), also called modular gasoline engine kit, is a family of inline-three and inline-four petrol engines with variable valve timing developed by Volkswagen Group in 2011. They all include a four-stroke engine and dual overhead camshaft drive into exhaust manifolds. By 2017, the brand was introduced the upgraded EA211 called EA211 Evo, that could be supports regular combustion engines, mild hybrids, and plug-in hybrids. In 2023 Škoda Auto a.s. took control over EA211 development, which they have already produced in Mladá Boleslav since 2012.

Mladá Boleslav
Mladá Boleslav (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmladaː ˈbolɛslaf]; German: Jungbunzlau) is a city in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 47,000 inhabitants. It lies on the left bank of the Jizera River.

Mladá Boleslav is the second most populated city in the region. It is a major centre of the Czech automotive industry thanks to the Škoda Auto company and therefore the centre of Czech industry as a whole. The city is also a centre of technical education, represented by Škoda Auto University and Secondary Industrial School.

Mladá Boleslav was named after Duke Boleslaus II, who founded a gord here. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. The main historic landmark of the city is the Mladá Boleslav Castle.
Newcastle, County Down
Newcastle is a small seaside resort town in County Down, Northern Ireland, which had a population of 8,298 at the 2021 Census. It lies by the Irish Sea at the foot of Slieve Donard, the highest of the Mourne Mountains. Newcastle is known for its sandy beach, forests (Donard Forest and Tollymore Forest Park), and mountains. The town lies within the Newry, Mourne and Down District.

The town aims to promote itself as the "activity resort" for Northern Ireland.  It has benefited from a multi-million pound upgrade to the promenade and main street.  The town is twinned with New Ross, County Wexford, in the Republic of Ireland.

Esplanade
An esplanade or promenade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a river or large body of water, where people may walk. The historical definition of esplanade was a large, open, level area outside fortress or city walls to provide clear fields of fire for the fortress's guns. In modern usage, the space allows the area to be paved as a pedestrian walk; esplanades are often on sea fronts and allow walking whatever the state of the tide, without having to walk on the beach.
Doug Soetaert
Douglas Henry Soetaert (born April 21, 1955) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He was selected by the New York Rangers in the second round (30th overall) of the 1975 NHL Amateur Draft. He played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League with the Rangers, Winnipeg Jets, and Montreal Canadiens. After his playing career, he took on hockey executive roles with Kansas City Blades, Everett Silvertips, and Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights. In the 2016–17 season he was general manager of the Tucson Roadrunners in the American Hockey League.

Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights
The Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights were a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. They played in Omaha, Nebraska, United States at the Omaha Civic Auditorium from 2005–2007. Following the 2006–07 season, the Calgary Flames announced that the team would relocate to the Quad Cities for 2007–08.
Tung Hu Ling
Tung Hu Ling (Chinese: 董虎嶺; pinyin: Dǒng Hǔlǐng; 1917–1992) was a Chinese and later American master of tai chi, known for teaching Yang style and Tung style, and an early leader in the spread of tai chi worldwide. Born in Renze (then known as Renxian), Xingtai, Hebei, China, his father Tung Ying-chieh was a top disciple of Yang Chengfu and famous for his fighting skills. Also highly skilled and creative himself, Tung Hu Ling taught in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Southeast Asia, North America, and Europe. He then emigrated to Hawaii, founding a school in Honolulu, continued teaching workshops around the world, and carried on the Tung family legacy.

Renze, Xingtai
Renze District (Chinese: 任泽区; pinyin: Rénzé qū), before June 2020 Ren County (simplified Chinese: 任县; traditional Chinese: 任縣; pinyin: Rén xiàn), is a district in the southwest of Hebei province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Xingtai. It has a land area of 431 km2 (166 sq mi) and a population of 300,000. Its postal code is 055150. The county seat is located in Rencheng Town.
Kenney (name)
Kenney is a given name and surname of Irish, Scottish, and English origin. In Ireland, the surname is an Anglicisation of the Irish Ó Cionnaith. It is also a variation of Kenny, MacKenny, O'Kenney, or Keaney.

Jenny Kenney
Jane "Jenny" Kenney (1884–1961) also known as Jennie, was a British suffragette and Montessori teacher, who supported her sisters Annie Kenney and Jessie Kenney in the Women's Social and Political Union. She later became a joint principal of an independent school in New York, USA.
Gremyachinskoye Urban Settlement
Gremyachinskoye Urban Settlement (Russian: Гремя́чинское городско́е поселе́ние) is a municipal formation (an urban settlement) within Gremyachinsky Municipal District of Perm Krai, Russia, which a part of the territory of the town of krai significance of Gremyachinsk is incorporated as. It is the only urban settlement in the municipal district.

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
Akobo (woreda)
Akobo (Aköbä) is a woreda in Gambela Region, Ethiopia. It is named after the Akobo in Anyuak language language, which translates as (I say) , and the Akoba River which flows westwards then north into the Baro River, defining its border with South Sudan. Part of the Nuer Zone, Akobo is bordered on the south and west by South Sudan, on the north by Wanthoa or Wanthɔa̱r , and on the east by the Anuak Zone. The westernmost point of this woreda is the westernmost point of Ethiopia. Towns in Akobo include Tergol.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
Ayod
Ayod is a town in Jonglei, South Sudan, headquarters of Ayod County.
The Nuer people are the main inhabitants. Riek Machar, first vice-president of South Sudan, is the 26th son of the chief of both Ayod and Leer.

A study of the village in December 1994 examined 759 people and found that 156, or 20.6%, had Guinea worm lesions.
Dracunculiasis, the parasitical infection by the Guinea worm, is caused by drinking contaminated water, and can be eliminated by providing a clean water supply.

Nuer people
The Nuer people are a Nilotic ethnic group concentrated in the Greater Upper Nile region of South Sudan. They also live in the Ethiopian region of Gambella. The Nuer speak the Nuer language, which belongs to the Nilotic language family. They are the second-largest ethnic group in South Sudan and the largest ethnic group in Gambella, Ethiopia. The Nuer people are pastoralists who herd cattle for a living. Their cattle serve as companions and define their lifestyle. The Nuer call themselves "Naath".
Charbel Nahas
Charbel Nahas (Arabic: شربل نحاس; born 16 August 1954) is a Lebanese politician, economist and engineer who is the General Secretary of Citizens in a State, a political party that was established in 2016 and that has as its goal to create "a civil, democratic, fair and capable state". He is widely considered to be a Lebanese progressive whose priority has been to improve living conditions for the country's disenfranchised poor.

Nahas served as labour minister in Najib Mikati's second government as one of eleven Change and Reform ministers, led by Michel Aoun. He resigned on 22 February 2012, arguing that all of his colleagues in government were preventing any effective improvement in workers' rights.

Change and Reform bloc
The Change and Reform bloc was a bloc in the Parliament of Lebanon that represented the Free Patriotic Movement and its allies, including the Marada Movement, the Tachnag Party, the Lebanese Democratic Party, and several independent deputies.

The bloc was formed in June 2005 at the end of the 2005 parliamentary elections with 21 deputies. It was headed by General Michel Aoun and was then in opposition to the government of Fouad Siniora and the March 14 alliance from 2005 to 2008. The parliamentary bloc included 27 deputies since the Lebanese legislative elections of 2009. In June 13, 2011, it was part of the Mikati government with 10 ministerial portfolios being a member of the parliamentary majority. In 2015, leadership of the Free Patriotic Movement was given to Gebran Bassil.

The Change and Reform bloc was succeeded by the Strong Lebanon bloc after the 2018 elections.
Interior of São Paulo
The interior of São Paulo is an informal term to describe the zone that covers the entire area of the state of São Paulo outside the Metropolitan Region and the coast of São Paulo. The interior stands out for having a very rich cultural set, including several unique accents different from those of the capital and the coast.

This area is densely industrialized and characterized by a large and diversified economy, being one of the richest regions in Latin America. About 1/4 of the interior's GDP is concentrated in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, which is increasingly consolidating itself as the hub of the Brazilian automotive sector. The interior of São Paulo stands out for having a good infrastructure, becoming a pole of attraction for investments.

Pindamonhangaba
Pindamonhangaba is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, located in the Paraíba Valley, between the two most active production and consumption regions in the country, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. It is accessible by the Via Dutra (BR-116 – SP-60 highway) at the 99th kilometer. This place name comes from the Old Tupi language meaning "where hooks are made" or, according to a different interpretation, "where the river bends".
Ullingswick
Ullingswick is a small village in Herefordshire, England located about 6 miles (9.7 km) south west of Bromyard, 9 miles (14 km) north east of Hereford and 10  miles south east of Leominster. The population of the village at the 2011 census was 259.

Leominster
Leominster (/ˈlɛmstər/ ⓘ LEM-stər) is a market town in Herefordshire, England; it is located at the confluence of the River Lugg and its tributary the River Kenwater. The town is 12 miles (19 kilometres) north of Hereford and 7 miles (11 kilometres) south of Ludlow in Shropshire. With a population of almost 12,000, Leominster is the largest of the five towns in the county; the others being Ross-on-Wye, Ledbury, Bromyard and Kington.

From 1974 to 1996, Leominster was the administrative centre for the former local government district of Leominster.
Huygens
Huygens (also Huijgens, Huigens, Huijgen/Huygen, or Huigen) is a Dutch patronymic surname, meaning "son of Hugo". Most references to "Huygens" are to the polymath Christiaan Huygens. Notable people with the surname include:

Jan Huygen (1563–1611), Dutch voyager and historian

Constantijn Huygens (1596–1687), Dutch poet, diplomat, scholar and composer

Constantijn Huygens, Jr. (1628–1697), Dutch statesman, soldier, and telescope maker, son of Constantijn Huygens

Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695), Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer, son of Constantijn Huygens

Lodewijck Huygens (1631–1699), Dutch diplomat, the third son of Constantijn Huygens

Cornélie Huygens (1848–1902), Dutch writer, social democrat and feminist

Léon Huygens (1876–1918), Belgian painter

Jan Huijgen (1888–1964), Dutch speedwalker

Christiaan Huijgens (1897–1963), Dutch long-distance runner

Wil Huygen (1922–2009), Dutch children's and fantasy writer, e.g. of Gnomes

Gnomes (book)
Gnomes, originally published in Dutch in 1976 as Leven en werken van de kabouter (lit. 'Life and work of the gnomes'), then released in English in 1977, is a fiction book written by Wil Huygen and illustrated by Rien Poortvliet. The book explains the life and habitat of gnomes in an in-universe fashion, much as a biology book would do, complete with illustrations and textbook notes.

The book was well received by critics. Huygen's writing, which mixed physiology with fiction, and Poortvliet's drawings, which used a natural style and watercolor, were both praised. Gnomes sold almost a million units after its first year of being published in the United States. Its financial success led to the creation of several spin-off books about the same fictional creatures, as well as many other products, such as toys, clothing and games.
Algebraic manifold
In mathematics, an algebraic manifold is an algebraic variety which is also a manifold. As such, algebraic manifolds are a generalisation of the concept of smooth curves and surfaces defined by polynomials. An example is the sphere, which can be defined as the zero set of the polynomial x2 + y2 + z2 – 1, and hence is an algebraic variety.

For an algebraic manifold, the ground field will be the real numbers or complex numbers; in the case of the real numbers, the manifold of real points is sometimes called a Nash manifold.

Every sufficiently small local patch of an algebraic manifold is isomorphic to km where k is the ground field. Equivalently the variety is smooth (free from singular points). The Riemann sphere is one example of a complex algebraic manifold, since it is the complex projective line.

Smoothness
In mathematical analysis, the smoothness of a function is a property measured by the number of continuous derivatives it has over its domain.

A function of class  is a function of smoothness at least k;  that is, a function of class  is a function that has a kth derivative that is continuous in its domain.

A function of class  or -function (pronounced C-infinity function) is an infinitely   differentiable function, that is, a function that has derivatives of all orders (this implies that all these derivatives are continuous).

Generally, the term smooth function refers to a -function. However, it may also mean "sufficiently differentiable" for the problem under consideration.
Uppena (TV series)
Uppena is an Indian Telugu language soap opera premiered on 4 April 2022 airing on Gemini TV every Monday to Saturday and ended on 22 June 2024. It is available for worldwide streaming on Sun NXT. The show stars Soniya Suresh, Sheela Singh, Swetha and Vijaya Kotla in leading roles. The serial is the official remake of Tamil critically acclaimed television series Ethirneechal which was aired on Sun TV.

Sun TV (India)
Sun TV is an Indian Tamil-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Sun TV Network. It was launched on 14 April 1993. It is the flagship channel of the Chennai-based media conglomerate Sun Group's Sun TV Network. It was founded and is owned by Kalanithi Maran.

It started airing on open network (Antenna) on 14 July 2002 at the time of "Majunu" Tamil movie premiering. Then it was removed from this open network on 2005. It was also removed from free on 9 November 2007. Sun TV launched its HD version on 11 December 2011.

Since its inception, the channel consistently remains the top rated Tamil channel and one of the top rated Indian television channel.

On 2 October 2025, the entire Sun TV network, including Sun TV itself, has officially renewed their channel logo for the first time in over three decades of operations. The new logo was later appeared on 1 February 2026.