hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfredo Noel Iusem
Alfredo Noel Iusem (born 10 November 1949, in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine-born Brazilian mathematician working on mathematical optimization.

He earned his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1981 under the supervision of George Bernard Dantzig.

He is a recipient of Brazil's National Order of Scientific Merit in mathematics. Since 2001, he has been a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

Regina Burachik was a student of his at Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Albert Gyulay
Count Albert Gyulay de Marosnémethi et Nádaska or Albert Gyulai von Máros-Németh und Nádaska (born 12 September 1766 – died 27 April 1835) a Hungarian, joined the army of Habsburg Austria and fought against Ottoman Turkey. He served against the First French Republic in the Flanders Campaign and on the Rhine. Severely wounded in 1799, he survived a trepanning operation and briefly retired from military service. He returned to active service and commanded an army corps during the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. He led his troops in several important battles during the Austrian invasion of Italy in 1809, including one where he was in independent command. Though appointed to command troops in 1813 and 1815, he missed combat in both campaigns. He was Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian infantry regiment from 1810 until his death. The more famous Ignác Gyulay, Ban of Croatia was his older brother.

Inhaber
Inhaber, or Proprietor, was a term used in the Habsburg military to denote special honors extended to a noble or aristocrat.  The Habsburg army was organized on principles developed for the feudal armies in which regiments were raised by a wealthy noble, called the Inhaber (proprietor) who also acted as colonel of the regiment. Originally, he raised the regiment, funded its needs, and received a portion of its revenue, which might be plunder or loot.  He also shared in its shame or its honors.

Within the Prussian Army, Bavarian Army and other German armies, the title was Regimentschef  (English: Regimental Chief). The Imperial Russian military adopted a similar system. In the United Kingdom there is a similar title called Colonel of the Regiment. If the appointment was honorary, a "second" colonel was appointed who would fulfill the duties of the colonel. A honorary incumbent was similar to a British Colonel-in-chief.
Senekal v Meyer
In Senekal v Meyer, an important case in South African succession law, the testator had a valid will. On it he had written the word “gekanselleer” (cancelled) on both of the pages of the copy in his possession. The Master, however, accepted the testator's attorney’s copy as the deceased's valid will and testament.

The deceased's current wife sought an order from the court declaring that the deceased had died intestate, as he had intended to revoke this earlier will. This was opposed by the deceased's first wife, who was the sole heir in terms of the will. The court held that the deceased had expressed a clear intention to revoke his will, and so the deceased was found to have died intestate.

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
1-Bekat
1-bekat, which literally means "Station 1", was a provisional name of two different stations of Tashkent Metro:

Choshtepa, on Chilonzor Line;

Texnopark, on Circle Line/30th anniversary of the independence of Uzbekistan Line.

Tashkent Metro
The Tashkent Metro (Uzbek: Toshkent metropoliteni, Тошкент метрополитени) is the rapid transit system serving the city of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. It was the seventh metro to be built in the former USSR, opening in 1977, and the first metro in Central Asia. Each station is designed around a particular theme, often reflected in the station name.

The Tashkent Metro consists of four lines, operating on 70.4 kilometres (43.74 mi) of route and serving 50 stations. In 2025, the metro carried 286.8 million passengers, which corresponds to a daily average of approximately 785,000 passengers.
Gatesville
Gatesville is the name of some places in the United States:

Gatesville, Indiana

Gatesville, North Carolina

Gatesville, Texas

Gatesville, Athlone, a commercial zone in Athlone, Cape Town, South Africa

Athlone, Cape Town
Athlone is a suburb of Cape Town located to the east of the city centre on the Cape Flats, south of the N2 highway. Two of the suburb's main landmarks are Athlone Stadium and the decommissioned coal-burning Athlone Power Station. Athlone is mainly residential and is served by a railway station of the same name. It however includes industrial (Athlone Industria 1 & 2) and commercial zones (Athlone CBD and Gatesville). There are many "sub-areas" within Athlone, including Gatesville, Rylands, Belgravia Estate, Bridgetown and Hazendal. Colloquially other areas around Athlone are also often included in the greater Athlone area even though the City of Cape Town might classify them as separate neighborhoods such as Rondebosch East, Crawford, and Manenberg.
Nwaneri
Nwaneri is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adanna Nwaneri (born 1975), Nigerian footballer

Ethan Nwaneri (born 2007), English footballer

Kelechi Nwaneri (born 1994), Nigerian artist

Obinna Nwaneri (born 1982), Nigerian footballer

Uche Nwaneri (1984–2022), American YouTuber and football player

Victor Nwaneri (born 1993), Nigerian footballer

Williams Nwaneri, American football player

Uche Nwaneri
Uchechukwu Eberechukwu Nwaneri (English: /ˈuːtʃeɪ nwɑːˈnɛri/ OO-chay nwah-NERR-ee, Igboⓘ; March 20, 1984 – December 30, 2022) was an American professional football guard who played in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons with the Jacksonville Jaguars. He played college football for the Purdue Boilermakers and was selected by the Jaguars in the fifth round of the 2007 NFL draft. After retiring, he ran "The Observant Lineman" channel on YouTube.
Berg and Alexandra
Berg and Alexandra was an Australian architecture firm from 1962 to 1996, based in Chelsea House, on Flemington Road in North Melbourne. The firm was formed by a partnership between two Melbourne architects Raymond Berg, born in 1913 in South Melbourne, and Douglas Alexandra, born in 1922 in Shepparton, Victoria. Berg retired in 1983 and died five years later, with Alexandra retiring in 1996 and selling the practice to Hudson and Wardrop. Berg and Alexandra were among the first post-war Australian architects to produce modernist works. They were heralded for their simple, stripped back designs that broke away from ‘the old familiar features’ of Australian Architecture.

Infobase
Infobase is an American publisher of databases, reference book titles and textbooks geared towards the North American library, secondary school, and university-level curriculum markets. Infobase operates a number of prominent imprints, including Facts On File, Films for the Humanities & Sciences, Cambridge Educational, Ferguson Publishing, Vault Law, Omnigraphics, and Chelsea House (which also serves as the imprint for the special collection series, "Bloom's Literary Criticism", under the direction of literary critic Harold Bloom).
Buyeo
Buyeo or Puyŏ (Korean: 부여; RR: Buyeo; MR: Puyŏ; Korean pronunciation: [pu.jʌ]), also rendered as Fuyu (Chinese: 夫餘/扶餘; pinyin: Fūyú/Fúyú) in Chinese, was an ancient kingdom that was centered in northern Manchuria in modern-day northeast China. It had deep ties to the Yemaek people, who are considered to be the ancestors of modern Koreans. It is also called Northern Buyeo (Korean: 북부여; Hanja: 北夫餘; RR: Bukbuyeo; MR: Pukbuyŏ) according to its founding legend.

Historically, both Goguryeo and Paekche, two of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, considered themselves Buyeo's successors. In addition, it is also considered a major predecessor of the Korean kingdoms of Eastern Buyeo, and Galsa Buyeo.

Xuantu Commandery
Xuantu Commandery (Chinese: 玄菟郡; Korean: 현도군) was a commandery of the Chinese Han dynasty. It was one of Four Commanderies of Han, established in 107 BCE in the northern Korean Peninsula and part of the Liaodong Peninsula, after the Han dynasty conquered Wiman Chosŏn. Xuantu moved its capital to Liaodong in 75 BC due to native resistance and the area formerly under the Lintun Commandery was transferred to the Lelang Commandery. Xuantu was conquered by Goguryeo in 319 CE.
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for housing, communities, and local government in England. It was established in May 2006 and is the successor to the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, established in 2001. The department shares its headquarters building, at 2 Marsham Street in London, with the Home Office.

There are corresponding departments in the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive, responsible for communities and local government in their respective jurisdictions.

Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom
The Government of the United Kingdom is divided into departments that each have responsibility, according to the government, for putting government policy into practice. There are currently 24 ministerial departments, 20 non-ministerial departments, and 422 agencies and other public bodies, for a total of 465 departments.
Richarda Morrow-Tait
Richarda "Dikki" Morrow-Tait (22 November 1923 – 17 December 1982) was an English pilot and the first woman to pilot an aircraft around the world, accomplishing the circumnavigation in a year and a day.

Cambridge City Airport
Cambridge City Airport (IATA: CBG, ICAO: EGSC) — previously Marshall Airport Cambridge UK — is a regional airport in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the eastern outskirts of Cambridge, south of Newmarket Road and west of the village of Teversham, 1.5 NM (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) from the centre of Cambridge and approximately 50 mi (80 km) from London.

Marshall of Cambridge Aerospace Limited has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P433) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction. The airport is available for corporate and private use, and is home to four flying schools.

Since 2016 there have been no public scheduled flights from the airport.
LightGBM
LightGBM, short for Light Gradient-Boosting Machine, is a free and open-source distributed gradient-boosting framework for machine learning, originally developed by Microsoft. It is based on decision tree algorithms and used for ranking, classification and other machine learning tasks. The development focus is on performance and scalability.

Learning to rank
Learning to rank (LTR) or machine-learned ranking (MLR) is the application of machine learning, often supervised, semi-supervised or reinforcement learning, in the construction of ranking models for information retrieval and recommender systems. Training data may, for example, consist of lists of items with some partial order specified between items in each list. This order is typically induced by giving a numerical or ordinal score or a binary judgment (e.g. "relevant" or "not relevant") for each item. The goal of constructing the ranking model is to rank new, unseen lists in a similar way to rankings in the training data.
Christmas jumper
A  Christmas jumper (British English, Hiberno-English and Australian English) or  Christmas sweater (North American English), also ugly sweater for their over-the-top designs, is a sweater themed with a Christmas or winter design, often worn during the festive season. These elaborately figured sweaters are more often knitted than crocheted. A more traditional approach is a roll neck (or "turtleneck") top-pulled garment. Embellishments such as tinsel, reindeer, or sparkles are considered to make such a sweater "ugly".

Crochet
Crochet (English:  /kroʊˈʃeɪ/; French: [kʁɔʃɛ]) is a process of creating textiles by using a crochet hook to interlock loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials. The name is derived from the French term crochet, which means 'hook'. Hooks can be made from different materials (aluminum, steel, metal, wood, bamboo, bone, etc.), sizes, and types (in-line, tapered, ergonomic, etc.). The key difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before the next one, while knitting keeps many stitches open at a time. Some variant forms of crochet however, such as Tunisian crochet and Broomstick lace, do keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.
AKA (TV series)
Aka is a 2025 Bangladeshi psychological-social thriller web series. It was written and directed by Vicky Zahed. It consists of seven episodes. Afran Nisho and Masuma Rahman Nabila star in the lead roles. The series premiered on Hoichoi on 4 September 2025.

Shree Venkatesh Films
SVF Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.  is an Indian film production and distribution company, founded by Shrikant Mohta and Mahendra Soni in 1995. Apart from producing and distributing Bengali films in West Bengal, Bangladesh, Assam and Tripura, SVF also distributes Bollywood and Hollywood films in East India. The other divisions of the company include Exhibition, TV Content Production, Digital Cinema, Music, New Media and IPR syndication. SVF was in Anandabazar Patrika's powerlist for 2008 and 2010.
Sigurdson
Sigurdson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Auburn Sigurdson (born 1981), Canadian softball pitcher

Hal Sigurdson (1932–2012), Canadian sports journalist

Larus Sigurdson (born 1973), Icelandic professional footballer who plays as a defender

Lori Sigurdson (born 1961), Alberta member of the provincial legislature

Stefan Sigurdson, candidate for councillor in the Winnipeg municipal election, 1995

Tom Sigurdson (born 1957), former Canadian provincial level politician

1995 Winnipeg municipal election
The 1995 Winnipeg municipal election was held on October 25, 1995 to elect a mayor, councillors and school trustees in the city of Winnipeg.

Susan Thompson defeated Peter Kaufmann and Terry Duguid in the mayoral contest.
The God Machine (album)
The God Machine is the twelfth studio album by the German power metal band Blind Guardian, released on 2 September 2022 through Nuclear Blast. This is the band's first regular studio album in seven years, following Beyond the Red Mirror (2015), marking the longest gap between two Blind Guardian studio albums (although a previous album was released three years earlier under the name "Blind Guardian Twilight Orchestra").

The album's cover art was illustrated by American artist Peter Mohrbacher as part of the Angelarium project.

Hansi Kürsch
Hans Jürgen "Hansi" Kürsch (born 10 August 1966) is a German singer, best known as a member of the power metal band Blind Guardian. One of the founders of the band, he has been its lead vocalist since its creation in 1984, and also acted as the band's bass guitarist until 1996.

He is also the former lead vocalist of Demons & Wizards, a side-project with Iced Earth guitarist Jon Schaffer until his departure from the project in 2021. Additionally, he has worked prominently as a guest with other artists, including Angra, Edguy, Iced Earth, and Therion; he notably played characters in the Ayreon albums 01011001 and The Source.
Laxmannia squarrosa
Laxmannia squarrosa is a species of Laxmannia, a genus of tufted perennial herbs in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Lomandroideae, which is endemic to Western Australia. From 0.03 to 0.1 m high, it grows on gravel and lateritic sand, and its white flowers may be seen from September to November.

Lomandroideae
Lomandroideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales, according to the APG III system of 2009. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Lomandra.  The group has previously been treated as a separate family Laxmanniaceae. In the Kubitzki system, it is treated as Lomandraceae Lotsy.

The subfamily consists of some 15 genera and about 180 species from Australasia, southeast Asia, the Americas and the Pacific Islands. The best-known genus is Cordyline.
Hands Off...She's Mine
"Hands Off...She's Mine" is the second single by the British ska/new wave band the Beat, released on 14 February 1980 as the first single from their debut album I Just Can't Stop It. The single was successful, peaking at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart.

I Just Can't Stop It
I Just Can't Stop It is the debut studio album by the English two-tone band the Beat, released on 23 May 1980 by Go-Feet Records in the United Kingdom. It was released the same year in the United States on Sire Records, with the band credited as "The English Beat"; in Australia, it was released on Go-Feet under the band name "The British Beat".

The album was well received; Rolling Stone raved that the music was "wild and threatening, sexy and sharp," while AllMusic later wrote it "was a stunning achievement" which had not been diminished by time.

The album was reissued on CD in 1990 by I.R.S. Records in the U.S, and in 2012 by Edsel Records in the UK and Shout! Factory in the U.S.
Glen Buttriss
Glen Buttriss (born 20 August 1985) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s for the Canberra Raiders in the National Rugby League. Buttriss primarily played at the hooker and lock positions.

Buttriss is from a small town, Cootamundra, in southwest New South Wales.

Cootamundra
Cootamundra, nicknamed Coota, is a town in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia and within the Riverina. It is within the Cootamundra-Gundagai Regional Council. It is located on the Olympic Highway at the point where it crosses the Muttama Creek, between Junee and Cowra. Its railway station is on the Main Southern line, part of the Melbourne-to-Sydney line.

Cootamundra is the birthplace of Sir Donald Bradman AC, an Australian cricketer universally regarded as the greatest batsman of all time. It is also known for being the site of Cootamundra Domestic Training Home for Aboriginal Girls, an institution housing Aboriginal girls who were forcibly taken from their families.

It is also the home of the Cootamundra wattle.  Every year there is a large "Wattle Time" Festival held at the time the wattle starts to bloom, with an art show and festivities.
Hungarian Air Force
The Hungarian Air Force (Hungarian: Magyar Légierő, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈleːgijɛrøː]) is the air force branch of the Hungarian Defence Forces.

The primary focus of the present Hungarian Air Force lies in defensive operations. The flying units operate are organised into a single command; under the Air Command and Control Centre.

Paveway
Paveway is a series of laser-guided bombs (LGBs).

Pave or PAVE is sometimes used as an acronym for precision avionics vectoring equipment; literally, electronics for controlling the speed and direction of aircraft. Laser guidance is a form of Pave.

Pave, paired with other words, is the first name for various laser systems that designate targets for LGBs, for example Pave Penny, Pave Spike, Pave Tack and Pave Knife, and for specialized military aircraft, such as AC-130U Pave Spectre, MH-53 Pave Low, and HH-60 Pave Hawk.
Lusutrombopag
Lusutrombopag, sold under the brand name Mulpleta among others, is a medication that has been developed for certain conditions that lead to thrombocytopenia (abnormally low platelet counts) such as thrombocytopenia associated with chronic liver disease in patients prior to elective invasive procedures. It is being manufactured in Philadelphia, PA and marketed in Japan by Shionogi. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July 2018, and NICE in January 2020.

It was approved for medical use in the European Union in February 2019.

Chronic liver disease
Chronic liver disease in the clinical context is a disease process of the liver that involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. "Chronic liver disease" refers to disease of the liver which lasts over a period of six months. It consists of a wide range of liver pathologies which include inflammation (chronic hepatitis), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The entire spectrum need not be experienced.
Anti-Bases Campaign
Anti-Bases Campaign is an organisation campaigning to remove foreign military bases and intelligence installations from New Zealand, and to dismantle the Government Communications Security Bureau.

The group organises regular protests at the Government Communications Security Bureau base in the Waihopai valley have published the Peace Researcher (ISSN 1173-2679) since its inception in 1983.

The group was founded by Owen Wilkes. According to the New Zealand Herald, "Claims by Wilkes in the early 1980s that the communications centre at Tangimoana in the lower North Island was actually an electronic spy station and part of an American worldwide network (Echelon) were immediately denied by the Government. Activists to this day are calling for the closure of Tangimoana and Waihopai base near Blenheim, another suspected spy base".

ECHELON
ECHELON, originally a secret government code name, is a surveillance program (signals intelligence/SIGINT collection and analysis network) operated by the five signatory states to the UKUSA Security Agreement: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the United States, also known as the Five Eyes.

Created in the late 1960s to monitor the military and diplomatic communications of the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies during the Cold War, the ECHELON project became formally established in 1971. By the end of the 20th century, it had greatly expanded.