hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Communauté d'agglomération des Sorgues du Comtat
Communauté d'agglomération des Sorgues du Comtat is a communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure in the Vaucluse department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, southeastern France. Created in 2001, its seat is in Monteux. Its name refers to the branches of the river Sorgue and the Comtat Venaissin. Its area is 154.7 km2. Its population was 50,165 in 2019.

Comtat Venaissin
The Comtat Venaissin (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃ta vənɛsɛ̃]; Occitan: lo Comtat Venaicin; 'County of Venaissin'), often called the Comtat for short, was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791, in what is now the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southern France.

The state was a separate independent enclave within the Kingdom of France but not part of it, comprising the area around the city of Avignon (itself always a separate comtat) roughly between the Rhône, the Durance and Mont Ventoux, and a small exclave located to the north around the town of Valréas purchased by Pope John XXII. The Comtat also bordered (and mostly surrounded) the Principality of Orange. The region is still known informally as the Comtat Venaissin, although this no longer has any political meaning.
Dnipro Line
The Dnieper Line was a line of fortifications built by the Russian Empire during the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) stretching 180 kilometers from the bend of Dnieper to the shores of the Sea of Azov along the Konka and Berda rivers. In the north, the line hinged on the Alexandrian fortress, now Zaporizhzhia, and in the south on the Saint Peter fortress near the modern city of Berdiansk. The line lost its relevance and was abandoned after the annexation of the Crimean Khanate in 1783.

Originally it intended to include 14 fortresses and 2 retrenchments, but it only consisted of 7 fortresses along Konka waters.

Kinska (river)
The Konka, also known as the Kinka, Kinska, or Kinski Vody is a left tributary of the Dnieper, flowing through Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine. It is 146 km (91 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 2,580 km2 (1,000 sq mi). It originates in the Azov Upland and flows into the Kakhovka Reservoir on the Dnieper. The cities of Polohy and Orikhiv are located on the river.

The name is a calque of the Crimean Tatar name of the river Yilki Su, which means "water of wild horses".
IPG Photonics
IPG Photonics Corporation is an American manufacturer of fiber lasers.  IPG Photonics developed and commercialized optical fiber lasers, which are used in a variety of applications including materials processing, medical applications and telecommunications. IPG has manufacturing facilities in the United States, Germany, Russia and Italy.

IPG was founded in 1990 by Valentin P. Gapontsev, IPG's Executive Chairman and former chief executive officer, and Igor Samartsev, IPG's Chief Technology Officer.

IPG also develops and manufactures fiber amplifiers, diode lasers and several complementary products used with its lasers, such as optical delivery cables, fiber couplers, and beam switches. Its products are sold globally and primarily used for materials processing, advanced technologies, telecommunications, and medical applications.

The company is headquartered in Marlborough, Massachusetts, with more than 25 facilities around the world.

Fiber laser
A fiber laser (or fibre laser in Commonwealth English) is a laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth elements such as erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, thulium and holmium. They are related to doped fiber amplifiers, which provide light amplification without lasing.

Fiber nonlinearities, such as stimulated Raman scattering or four-wave mixing, can also provide gain and thus serve as gain media for a fiber laser.
Glaeser's composition theorem
In mathematics, Glaeser's theorem, introduced by Georges Glaeser (1963),  is a theorem giving conditions for a smooth function to be a composition of F and θ for some given smooth function θ. One consequence is a generalization of Newton's theorem that every symmetric polynomial is a polynomial in the elementary symmetric polynomials, from polynomials to smooth functions.

Elementary symmetric polynomial
In mathematics, specifically in commutative algebra, the elementary symmetric polynomials are one type of basic building block for symmetric polynomials, in the sense that any symmetric polynomial can be expressed as a polynomial in elementary symmetric polynomials.  That is, any symmetric polynomial P is given by an expression involving only additions and multiplication of constants and elementary symmetric polynomials.  There is one elementary symmetric polynomial of degree d in n variables for each positive integer d ≤ n, and it is formed by adding together all distinct products of d distinct variables.
Daddy's Gone A-Hunting (1925 film)
Daddy's Gone A-Hunting is a 1925 American silent drama film directed by Frank Borzage based upon a play by Zoë Akins, with adaptation by Kenneth B. Clarke. The film brought together Vitagraph leading lady Alice Joyce and English actor Percy Marmont after his success with If Winter Comes. This is the only film either of the main stars made for MGM. The film was remade in 1931 as Women Love Once. A print survives in the Národní filmový archiv.

Czech Film Archive
The National Film Archive (Czech: Národní filmový archiv, abb. NFA) is a film archive located in Prague, Czech Republic. It was established in 1943 (from 1943 to 1945 it was known as Filmový archiv, from 1945 to 1989 Československý filmový ústav, then from 1990 to 1992 Český filmový archiv) and in 1946 it became a member of the International Federation of Film Archives. In 1997 it became a founding member of the Association of European Film Archives and Cinematheques, ACE (Association des Cinémathèques Européenes).
Luc Arbogast
Luc Arbogast (born in La Rochelle, France on 2 November 1975) is a French musician and singer-songwriter. He was a contestant in season 2 of the French television talent competition The Voice: la plus belle voix. After the show, he was signed to Mercury Records, a Universal Music Division.

The Voice: la plus belle voix season 2
The Voice: la plus belle voix (season 2) was the second season of the French reality singing competition, created by media tycoon John de Mol.  It was aired from February 2013 to May 2013 on TF1.

One of the important premises of the show is the quality of the singing talent. Four coaches, themselves popular performing artists, train the talents in their group and occasionally perform with them. Talents are selected in blind auditions, where the coaches cannot see, but only hear the auditioner.

The coaches were Florent Pagny, Jenifer, Louis Bertignac and Garou. The Second Season ended on May 18, 2013, Yoann Fréget was declared the winner.
Aslan Dzharimov
Aslan Aliyevich Dzharimov (Adyghe: Джарымэ Аслъан Алые ыкъор [d͡ʒaːrəjma aːsɬaːn aːləja əqʷar]; Russian: Аслан Алиевич Джаримов) is a Russian politician who served as the first president of the Adyghe Republic from 1992 to 2002.

Krasnodar
Krasnodar, formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern Russia, with a population of 1,154,885 residents, and up to 1.263 million residents in the Urban Okrug. In the past decade Krasnodar has experienced rapid population growth, rising to become the tenth-largest city in Russia, and the largest city in southern Russia, as well as the Southern Federal District.

The city originated in 1793 as a fortress built by the Cossacks, and became a trading center for southern Russia. The city sustained heavy damage in World War II but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. Krasnodar is a major economic hub in southern Russia; In 2012, Forbes named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. Krasnodar is home to numerous sights, including the Krasnodar Stadium. Its main airport is Krasnodar International Airport.
Ned D. Heindel
Ned D. Heindel (September 4, 1937) was an American chemist. He was the Howard S. Bunn Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Lehigh University, where he continued to do research. Heindel also worked as a medical research consultant. Heindel's research focused on diagnostic and therapeutic drug development. He served as president of the American Chemical Society in 1994, and has twice chaired the ACS Division for the History of Chemistry. He died on June 27, 2023.

Hexenkopf Hill
Hexenkopf Hill (German: Hexenkopf, "Witches Head") is a low mountain in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. The main peak rises to 646 feet (197 m), and is located in Williams Township, to the south of Easton.

It is a part of the Reading Prong of the Appalachian Mountains.
Melissa Hernández
Melissa Hernández Pacheco (born February 4, 1980) is a Puerto Rican professional boxer. She held the WBC female featherweight title from 2012 to 2013 and challenged once for the WBC female lightweight title in 2011. She is a member of the International Women's Boxing Hall of Fame.

Golden Gloves
The Golden Gloves of America is an organization that promotes annual competitions of amateur boxing in the United States, in which winners are awarded a belt and a ring, and the title of national champion. The organization currently owns 30 franchises. Hundreds of administrators, coaches, trainers and counselors participate, involving gyms and programs in local and regional tournaments throughout the United States and in a National Tournament of Champions each year. The Golden Gloves is a term used to refer to the National Golden Gloves competition, but can also represent several other amateur tournaments, including regional and state tournaments, such as the Chicago Golden Gloves, and the New York Golden Gloves, and the Rocky Mountain Golden Gloves.
Severan Bridge
The Severan Bridge (also known as Chabinas Bridge or Cendere Bridge or Septimius Severus Bridge; Turkish: Cendere Köprüsü) is a Roman bridge constructed c. 200 CE located near the ancient city of Arsameia (today Eskikale), 55 km (34 mi) north east of Adıyaman in southeastern Turkey. It spans the Cendere Çayı (Chabinas Creek), a tributary of Kâhta Creek, on provincial road 02-03 from Kâhta to Sincik in Adıyaman Province. This bridge was described and pictured in 1883 by archeologists Osman Hamdi Bey and Osgan Efendi. It has a photo and description in David George Hogarth's Wandering Scholar.

Sincik
Sincik (Kurdish: Sinciq) is a town of Adıyaman Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Sincik District. The town is populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 4,344 in 2021. The mayor is Mehmet Korkut (BBP).

The town is divided into the neighborhoods of Ayengin, Cumhuriyet, Fatih, Karaman, Mahmutoğlu (Serindere), Onur and Zeynel Aslan.
Danie Dharma
Danie Dharma (born July 25, 1986) is a Singaporean bodybuilder and professional wrestler. He is the 2016 Mr. Singapore, 2017 Mr. Singapore Classic, 2017 Asian Championship Classic Physique winner and the 2023 NPC Worldwide Singapore Men's Bodybuilding winner. He performs under the ring name Destroyer Dharma at Singapore Pro Wrestling (SPW) and is a former SPW Singapore Champion and three time SPW NBCB Champion.

National Physique Committee
The National Physique Committee (NPC) is the largest amateur bodybuilding organization in the United States. Amateur bodybuilders compete in competitions from local to national competitions sanctioned by the NPC. While the term "bodybuilding" is commonly used to refer to athletes participating in contests sanctioned by the NPC and IFBB Pro League, ten divisions are represented including men's bodybuilding, women's bodybuilding, bikini, men's physique, classic physique, women's physique, figure, fitness, wellness and Fit Model.
Benjamin S. Garvey
Dr. Benjamin St. John Garvey (1900–1973) was a chemist at BF Goodrich who worked under Waldo L. Semon on the development of synthetic rubber, contributed to understanding of vulcanization, and developed early techniques for small scale evaluation of rubbers. In particular, he was the inventor of the Garvey die for evaluating the extrusion quality of rubber compounds.

Garvey was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He obtained his BS in chemistry at University of Illinois 1921, taught chemistry at Episcopalian Boone University in Wuchang China for 3 years, then returned to complete his MS in 1925 under Roger Adams.  He completed his PhD in organic chemistry under James Bryant Conant at Harvard and then joined BF Goodrich in 1927.

In 1958, Garvey was chairman of the ACS Rubber Division.

Garvey was the 1965 recipient of the Charles Goodyear Medal.  He received the ASTM D11 Award of Merit in 1966.

Huachung University
Huachung University (Chinese: 華中大學; pinyin: Huázhōng Dàxué; lit. 'Central China University') was a Christian university in Wuhan, in China's Yangtze valley, originally called Boone University, was founded by the union of several Christian universities in 1924 and renamed Huachung in 1929. The university expanded until it was forced to retreat during the Second Sino-Japanese War, but returned to Wuhan in 1945. It was incorporated into the national university system in 1951.
Dextrallorphan
Dextrallorphan (DXA) is a chemical of the morphinan class that is used in scientific research. It acts as a σ1 receptor agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist. It has no significant affinity for the σ2, μ-opioid, or δ-opioid receptor, or for the serotonin or norepinephrine transporter.
As an NMDA receptor antagonist, in vivo, it is approximately twice as potent as dextromethorphan, and five-fold less potent than dextrorphan.

Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, diazepam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects.
Jan de Bray
Jan de Bray (c. 1627 – April 4, 1697) was a Dutch Golden Age painter. He lived and worked in Haarlem until the age of 60, when he went bankrupt and moved to Amsterdam.

Jan de Bray was influenced by his father Salomon de Bray, and the portraitists Bartholomeus van der Helst, and Frans Hals. De Bray's works are mainly portraits, often of groups, and history paintings.  He specialised in combining the two genres in the portrait historié, portraits of historical figures using contemporary figures, including himself and his family.  Among his finest works are two versions of the Banquet of Cleopatra, using his own family, including himself, as models (Royal Collection, 1652, and Currier Museum of Art, New Hampshire, 1669).  The second version has great pathos, as most of those depicted had died in the plague of 1663–4.

Currier Museum of Art
The Currier Museum of Art is an art museum in Manchester, New Hampshire, in the United States. It features European and American paintings, decorative arts, photographs and sculpture. The permanent collection includes works by Picasso, Matisse, Monet, O'Keeffe, Calder, Scheier and Goldsmith, John Singer Sargent, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Andrew Wyeth. Public programs include tours, live classical music and "Family Days" which include activities for all ages.

The museum maintains two house museums, the Zimmerman House and the Toufic H. Kalil House, both designed by notable architect Frank Lloyd Wright.
Dardanus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Dardanus (/ˈdɑːrdənəs/; Greek: Δάρδανος, Dardanos) is the name attributed to several distinct individuals:

Dardanus, son of Zeus and Electra, and founder of the city of Dardanus, of the tribe of Dardans.

Dardanus, a Scythian king, and the father of Idaea, the wife of King Phineus.

Dardanus, a Trojan warrior who defended the city of Ilium during the city's 10-year siege. He was the son of Bias, son of King Priam, and brother of Laogonus. Dardanus and his brother were slain by the hero Achilles during the battle. The latter thrust them both from their chariot to the ground, smiting the one with a cast of his spear and the other with his sword in close fight.

Dardanus, a son of Illyrius.

Illyrius
Illyrius (Ancient Greek: Ἰλλυριός, Illyriós) is the son of Cadmus and Harmonia, who eventually ruled Illyria and became the eponymous ancestor of the Illyrians. Illyrius/Illyriós/Illyri is a name known in different stories found in ancient Greek mythology.
Kahrizak Metro Station
Kahrizak Metro Station is the final station of the Tehran Metro Line 1 and is located in Kahrizak, south of Behesht-e Zahra, Tehran, Iran. The next stop north is Haram-e Motahhar-e Emam Khomeini. The station was opened on July 21, 2011.

Behesht-e Zahra
Behesht-e Zahra (Persian: بهشت زهرا [beˈheʃtʰe zæhˈɹɒː]; lit. 'Paradise of Zahra') is the largest cemetery in Iran. Located in the southern part of metropolitan Tehran, it is connected to the city by Tehran Metro Line 1.
Jimmy Butler (actor)
Jimmy Butler (February 20, 1921 – February 18, 1945) was an American, juvenile, motion-pictures actor, active in the 1930s and early 1940s.

Butler was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Merrill W. Butler. He gained early acting experience at the Pasadena Community Playhouse.

Butler earned acclaim for his role in the 1933 film Only Yesterday, his screen debut, and in 1934 his career got another significant boost when the actor earned lavish critical plaudits for his portrayal of Jim Wade in Manhattan Melodrama. Later he played one of the young protagonists, Boka, in No Greater Glory.

On February 15, 1941, Butler married singer Jean Fahrney. They initially kept the marriage secret, but it became known in March 1941. They remained wed until his death.

In 1945, Butler died in World War II combat in the town of Theding, France.

Pasadena Playhouse
Pasadena Playhouse is a Tony Award-winning historic performing arts venue located at 39 S. El Molino Avenue in Pasadena, California. The 686-seat auditorium produces a variety of cultural and artistic events, professional shows, and community engagements each year.
Craigavon Area B
Craigavon Area B was one of the four district electoral areas in Craigavon, Northern Ireland which existed from 1973 to 1985. The district elected seven members to Craigavon Borough Council, and formed part of the Armagh constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1973 local elections, and contained the wards of Annagh, Breagh, Brownstown, Edgarstown, Hartfield, Tavanagh and Woodside. It was abolished for the 1985 local elections and mainly replaced by the Portadown DEA.

1985 Craigavon Borough Council election
Elections to Craigavon Borough Council were held on 15 May 1985 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used four district electoral areas to elect a total of 26 councillors.
Play Safe (1936 film)
Play Safe is a 1936 animated short film produced by Fleischer Studios and released by Paramount Pictures. This film was part of Max Fleischer's Color Classics series. The film follows the story of a boy who has a dream about being on a real train (and learns a lesson about train safety).

Max Fleischer
Max Fleischer (born Majer Fleischer /ˈflaɪʃər/; July 19, 1883 – September 11, 1972) was an American animator and studio owner. Born in Kraków, in Austrian Poland, Fleischer immigrated to the United States where he became a pioneer in the development of the animated cartoon and served as the head of Fleischer Studios, which he co-founded with his younger brother Dave. He brought such comic characters as Koko the Clown, Betty Boop, Popeye, and Superman to the movie screen, and was responsible for several technological innovations, including the Rotoscope, the "Follow the Bouncing Ball" technique pioneered in the Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes films, and the "Stereoptical Process". Film director Richard Fleischer was his son.
Deena Mohamed
Deena Mohamed (Arabic: دينا محمد, born ca. 1995) is an graphic designer, graphic novelist, and illustrator, who was born and raised in Egypt. She is the author and illustrator of the graphic novel trilogy Shubeik Lubeik.

She made her debut at the age of 18 with her webcomic Qahera, which combines both Islamic and feminist values.

Mohamed has collaborated with various advocacy groups, such as Harassmap and Centre for Applied Human Rights, to create informational comics.

Glossary of comics terminology
Comics has developed specialized terminology. Several attempts have been made to formalize and define the terminology of comics by authors such as Will Eisner, Scott McCloud, R. C. Harvey and Dylan Horrocks. Much of the terminology in English is under dispute, so this page will list and describe the most common terms used in comics.
Durga Soren
Durga Soren (10 September 1970 – 21 May 2009) was an Indian politician belonging to the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha and a former member of Jharkhand Legislative Assembly. He was the son of JMM chief Shibu Soren and the husband of Sita Soren, who was a Member of Jharkhand Legislative Assembly from Jama constituency. He was also the elder brother of Hemant Soren, the current Chief Minister of Jharkhand.

Durga Soren was elected as a Member of Legislative Assembly from Jama constituency from 1995 to 2000. He lost in the 2005 assembly poll to Sunil Soren of Bharatiya Janata Party. He also contested election from Godda constituency for Lok Sabha but lost to Nishikant Dubey of Bharatiya Janata Party.

He died at his Bokaro residence in his sleep on 21 May 2009. The cause of death was termed as a brain haemorrhage. He is survived by his parents Shibu and Roopi, wife Sita Soren and three daughters, Jayshree Soren, Rajshree Soren and Vijayshree Soren.

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM; lit. 'Jharkhand Liberation Front') is a political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand, founded by Binod Bihari Mahato, Shibu Soren, and A. K. Roy. Hemant Soren is the president of the JMM. JMM is also an influential political party in the state of Odisha and parts of neighbouring states. Its election symbol in Jharkhand is the Bow and Arrow.

The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, the 19th-century tribal warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the British rule in present-day Jharkhand. The State of Jharkhand also came into existence on Birsa Munda's birthday in 2000.
Cobra (La Ronde)
Cobra was a stand-up roller coaster located at La Ronde amusement park in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Built by Intamin, Cobra opened to the public in 1988 at Skara Sommarland amusement park, where it operated until 1994. It reopened at La Ronde the following season in 1995 and was one of only three stand-up roller coasters manufactured by Intamin. Cobra was removed from the park's website in 2016 and then demolished in 2018.

Intamin
Intamin Amusement Rides is a design and manufacturing company in Schaan, Liechtenstein, best-known for designing and constructing thrill rides and roller coasters at dozens of international theme parks, amusement parks and other establishments. The Intamin brand name is a syllabic abbreviation for "international amusement installations". The company has corporate offices across the world, including three in Europe, three in Asia, and two in the United States.