hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spinibarbichthys maensis
Spinibarbichthys maensis is a species of cyprinid of the subfamily Spinibarbinae. It inhabits Vietnam and is considered harmless to humans. It has been classified as "data deficient" on the IUCN Red List.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
History of violence against LGBTQ people in the United Kingdom
The history of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom is made up of assaults on gay men, lesbians, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex individuals (LGBTQI), legal responses to such violence, and hate crime statistics in the United Kingdom. Those targeted by such violence are perceived to violate heteronormative rules and religious beliefs and contravene perceived protocols of gender and sexual roles. People who are perceived to be LGBTQI may also be targeted.

Criminal Justice Act 2003
The Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is a wide-ranging measure introduced to modernise many areas of the criminal justice system in England and Wales and, to a lesser extent, in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Large portions of the act were repealed and replaced by the Sentencing Act 2020.

It amends the law relating to police powers, bail, disclosure, allocation of criminal offences, prosecution appeals, autrefois acquit ("double jeopardy"), hearsay, propensity evidence, bad character evidence, sentencing and release on licence. It permits offences to be tried by a judge sitting alone without a jury, in cases where there is a danger of jury-tampering. It also expands the circumstances in which defendants can be tried twice for the same offence (double jeopardy), when "new and compelling evidence" is introduced.
Indiana County, Pennsylvania
Indiana County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is located in the west central part of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,246. Its county seat is Indiana. Indiana County comprises the Indiana, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-WV-OH Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Prior to the Revolutionary War, some settlers proposed this as part of a larger, separate colony to be known as Vandalia, but opposing interests and the war intervened. Afterward, claims to the territory by both the states of Virginia and Pennsylvania had to be reconciled. After this land was assigned to Pennsylvania by the federal government according to the placement of the Mason–Dixon line, Indiana County was created on March 30, 1803, from parts of Westmoreland and Clearfield counties and was formally organized in 1806.

Commonwealth (U.S. state)
Commonwealth is a term used by four of the 50 states of the United States in their full official names: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. "Commonwealth" is a traditional English term used to describe a political community as having been founded for the common good, and shares some similarities with the Latin phrase "res publica" ('the public thing'), which ultimately is the origin of the word "republic".

The "commonwealth" appellation is merely stylistic and carries no legal or political significance. The four states that use this term are all in the Eastern United States, and prior to the formation of the United States in 1776 were British colonial possessions (at the time, Kentucky was a part of colonial Virginia). As such, they share a strong influence of English common law in some of their laws and institutions.
Mia Bak Pedersen
Mia Bak Pedersen (born 8 October 1980) is a Danish football defender who has played for the Danish national team.  In the 2007 and 2008 seasons she played in Norway for Asker SK.  A serious injury in the off-season took her out of football for a prolonged period and in 2009 she moved back to Denmark to join the Danish club IK Skovbakken in Aarhus, playing in the elite 3F league and starting well with a goal on August 5 against Vejle.

VSK Aarhus
Vejlby Skovbakken Aarhus (Danish pronunciation: [ˈvɑjlpyˌskɒwpɑkŋ̍ ˈɒːˌhuˀs]; commonly known as VSK Aarhus) is a Danish football club based in Risskov, a neighbourhood in Aarhus. The club was founded in 2016 when the football departments of Vejlby IK Fodbold and Idrætsklubben Skovbakken decided to merge. Skovbakken is a major multi-sport club who besides football also compete in basketball, handball, badminton, tennis, and volleyball, with many honours won in these departments.

The men's team of VSK competes in the Danish 3rd Division, the fourth tier of the Danish football league system. The women's team dissolved in 2020 and merged with IF Lyseng and Aarhus Gymnastikforening to form AGF. The team plays in the A-Liga, the women's top flight. The home ground is Vejlby Stadium which has a capacity of 5,000.
Pauline von Koudelka-Schmerling
Baroness Pauline von Koudelka-Schmerling (8 September 1806 – 30 July 1840) was an Austrian flower painter.  She has been called the most important flower painter of the Vormärz period.

Pauline Freiin von Koudelka was born on 8 September 1806 in Vienna, capital of the Austrian Empire.  She was the daughter of Lieutenant Field Marshal Joseph Freiherr von Koudelka and Katharina Freiin Wetzlar von Blankenstern.  Her father was an accomplished artist in retirement and encouraged her artistic talents.  She trained under Franz Xaver Petter in Vienna and Cornelis van Spaedonck, Pierre Joseph Redouté and Jan Frans van Dael in Paris.  Her flower paintings were often of arrangements on flat surfaces and adorning images of Catholic saints or Madonnas.

In 1835, she married Austrian statesman Anton Ritter von Schmerling.  She died on 30 July 1840 in Ober-St. Veit, Vienna.

Hietzing
Hietzing (German pronunciation: [ˈhɪtsɪŋ] ⓘ) is the 13th district of Vienna (German: 13. Bezirk, Hietzing). It is located west of the central districts, west of Meidling. Hietzing is a heavily populated urban area with many residential buildings, but also contains large areas of the Vienna Woods, along with Schönbrunn Palace.
Yokomo
Yokomo Co. Ltd. (株式会社　ヨコモ, Kabushiki-gaisha Yokomo) is a Japanese company from Adachi, Tokyo that specialize in radio-controlled cars, it was one of the first manufacturers in Japan to build their own RC cars, sell upgrade parts and it also invented the option RTR (Ready To Run) cars, but most notable of all is their long-running "Dog Fighter" series of radio controlled buggies, and ultimately a strong entry on Drift RC Cars mainly through its successes in racing.

Adachi, Tokyo
Adachi (足立区, Adachi-ku) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. It is located to the north of the heart of Tokyo. The ward consists of two separate areas: a small strip of land between the Sumida River and Arakawa River and a larger area north of the Arakawa River. The ward is bordered by the cities of Kawaguchi, Sōka and Yashio in Saitama and Katsushika, Sumida, Arakawa and Kita in Tokyo. The ward is called Adachi City in English.

As of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 692,707 and a population density of 13,010 persons per km2. The total area is 53.25 km2.

The Adachi Land Transportation Office is located here, and automobiles registered at this office bear Adachi number plates.
3rd Territorial Army (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
The 3rd Territorial Army was a Royal Yugoslav Army formation which commanded three infantry divisions during the German-led Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941 during World War II. It was commanded by Armiski General (Lieutenant General) Jovan Naumović.

Military organization
Military organization (AE) or military organisation (BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require. Formal military organization tends to use hierarchical forms (see Modern hierarchy for terminology and approximate troop strength per hierarchical unit).

In some countries, paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as insurgent forces, often emulate military organizations, or use these structures.
1999 New Zealand gallantry awards
The 1999 New Zealand gallantry awards were announced via a special honours list on 23 October 1999, and recognised one member of the New Zealand Defence Force for actions during United Nations peacekeeping operations in Cambodia in 1992.

United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
The United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) was a United Nations administrative and peacekeeping operation in Cambodia in 1992–93 formed following the 1991 Paris Peace Accords. This was the first occasion in which the UN directly assumed responsibility for the administration of an outright independent state (though the UN did administer the former Dutch territory of Netherlands New Guinea between 1962 and 1963 prior), rather than simply monitoring or supervising the area. The UN transitional authority organized and ran elections, had its own radio station and jail, and was responsible for promoting and safeguarding human rights at the national level.
Amal Jadou
Amal Jadou (Arabic: أمل جادو; born on September 28, 1972, in Aida Camp) is a Palestinian diplomat. She has been the Palestinian ambassador to Belgium, Luxembourg and the European Union since 2024. She was the first Palestinian woman appointed Undersecretary of the Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates by Mahmoud Abbas in September 2019. She stayed in office until April 2024.

Aida Camp
Aida (Arabic: مخيم عايده), also spelled 'Ayda, is a Palestinian refugee camp situated 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of the historic centre of Bethlehem and 1 km (0.62 mi) north of Beit Jala, in the central West Bank, State of Palestine. It is located within the Bethlehem Governorate.
Dave Ramsay (rugby union)
David Ramsay (born December 23, 1977) is a Canadian former international rugby union player.

Ramsay grew up in Vancouver, attending Reynolds Secondary School.

Standing at 6 ft 7 in, Ramsay played his rugby in the forward line and was capped once by the Canada national team, playing lock in a 2005 Test match against the United States in Tokyo. He captained Victoria-based club James Bay and was an integral part of a side that won three successive Rounsefell Cup titles.

Ramsay's younger brother is former CFL offensive lineman Brian Ramsay.

Brian Ramsay
Brian Ramsay (born February 24, 1980) is a Canadian former professional football offensive lineman who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL). On August 9, 2024 the Professional Hockey Players' Association announced Ramsay's appointment as its new Executive Director.  He was previously the Canadian Football League Players' Association Executive Director.

Ramsay was drafted in the fifth round of the 2006 CFL draft by the Toronto Argonauts. He played college football at New Mexico. He transitioned into the role in April 2016 after completing a CFL playing career spanning from 2006-2015. Ramsay has played a pivotal role in the negotiations and ratification of the 2019 and 2022 collective agreements between the CFL players and the leagues' ownership.
Electrochemical kinetics
Electrochemical kinetics is the field of electrochemistry that studies the rate of electrochemical processes. This includes the study of how process conditions, such as concentration and electric potential, influence the rate of oxidation and reduction (redox) reactions that occur at the surface of an electrode, as well as an investigation into electrochemical reaction mechanisms. Two accompanying processes are involved in the electrochemical reaction and influence the overall reaction rate:

electron transfer at the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte

transport of the redox species from the interior of the solution to the surface of the electrode; the transport can occur by diffusion, convection and migration.

Contributors to this field include Alexander Frumkin, John Alfred Valentine Butler, Max Volmer, and Julius Tafel.

Electron transfer
Electron transfer (ET) occurs when an electron relocates from an atom, ion, or molecule, to another such chemical entity. ET describes the mechanism by which electrons are transferred in redox reactions.

Electrochemical processes are ET reactions. ET reactions are relevant to photosynthesis and respiration and commonly involve transition metal complexes. In organic chemistry ET is a step in some industrial polymerization reactions. It is foundational to photoredox catalysis.
Orpheum Theater (Galesburg)
The Orpheum Theatre, originally opened in August 1916, stands on Kellogg Street in downtown Galesburg, Illinois.  The Orpheum's elegance and long history made the theatre a landmark in Galesburg which boasts other landmarks such as Carl Sandburg's Birthplace, the Galesburg Railroad Museum, and Knox College, which hosted an Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas debate.

Galesburg, Illinois
Galesburg is a city in Knox County, Illinois, United States. The city is 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Peoria. At the 2020 census, its population was 30,052. Galesburg is the home of Knox College, a private four-year liberal arts college, and Carl Sandburg College, a community college named for native-born poet Carl Sandburg.

Galesburg is the county seat of Knox County and the principal city of the Galesburg Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Knox and Warren counties. A 496-acre (201 ha) section of the city is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Galesburg Historic District.
Dani Pinto
Daniel Augusto Macedo de Melo e Pinto (born 10 May 1958), better known as Dani Pinto,  is a football manager who coaches SL Benfica de Macau and a retired footballer who played as a defender. Born in Cape Verde prior to it becoming independent from Portugal, he has moved first to the metropole, where he played for Académica de Coimbra, and C.F. União de Coimbra. In early 1990s, he moved to Macau, which was Portuguese as well (now a special administrative region of China). Being there, he has played for Leng Ngan, G.D. Negro Rubro, G.D. Lam Pak, Kuan Tai, F.C. Porto de Macau and for the senior Macau national team.

Since 2010 until 2012 he coached the F.C. Porto de Macau.

S.L. Benfica de Macau
The House of Sport Lisboa e Benfica in Macau (Chinese: 澳門賓菲加體育會), simply known as Benfica de Macau, is a Macanese professional football club that currently competes in the Liga de Elite. The club plays its home games at the Macau Olympic Complex Stadium.

Benfica de Macau have won six league titles and three Taça de Macau cups.
Félix Cazot
Félix Cazot  (6 April 1790 – 24 December 1857) was a French pianist, composer and music teacher.

Born in Orléans, Cazot studied at the Conservatoire de Paris where he obtained a First prize in 1811. In 1812, he won the Prix de Rome for his cantata Madame de la Vallière.

In 1814, Cazot married the singer Joséphine Armand, the niece and pupil of Anne-Aimeé Armand, with whom he went to Belgium when she was engaged at the Brussels Theatre in 1817. He taught the piano in Brussels from 1814 to 1821. Then he returned to Paris to continue teaching.

He mainly composed pieces for the piano. He wrote a Méthode moderne et facile pour le piano-forte.

Cazot died in Paris at age 67.

First Prize (music diploma)
A First Prize diploma in music (French: Premier Prix) is a high honor Diploma of Musical Studies, typically in performance or composition.  It is awarded by European music conservatories and European-styled conservatories elsewhere.  A First Prize diploma does not denote first in class, but rather, a very high level of artist proficiency.  The typical period of study to earn a First Prize is one to two years.  A First Prize diploma is sometimes wrongly described as being similar to a master's degree in music performance or composition.  As of the mid-1990s, the degree in many European countries has been discontinued.
Gartly, Alberta
Gartly is a locality in Alberta, Canada. It is located in the southern section of Starland County. The settlement was built near to a now defunct railway.

The community takes its name from Gartly, in Scotland.

Gartly
Gartly (Scots: Gairtlie, Scottish Gaelic: Gartaidh) is an inland hamlet in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is several miles south of the town of Huntly, and sits on the River Bogie, a tributary of the River Deveron. The parish in which it is located also takes its name.
BMW X5 (F15)
The BMW X5 (F15) is the third generation of the X5 series of mid-size luxury crossover SUVs manufactured and marketed worldwide by BMW from 2013 to 2018. The car was unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt International Motor Show. Early X5 models include xDrive50i, xDrive30d, M50d. BMW xDrive40d, xDrive35i, xDrive25d, sDrive25d were to be added in December 2013.

The X5 arrived in US showrooms in 2013. Early models include sDrive35i, xDrive35i, xDrive50i, followed by xDrive35d in early 2014, and the xDrive40e, a plug-in hybrid variant in 2015.

Luxury car
A luxury car is a passenger automobile providing superior comfort levels, features, and equipment. More expensive materials and surface finishes are used, and buyers expect a correspondingly high build quality.

The term is relative and unavoidably subjective, reflecting both objective qualities of a car and the projected and perceived image of the vehicle's marque. Luxury brands rank above premium brands, though there is no clear distinction between the two.

Luxury cars span from sports cars to large saloons and sport utility vehicles. "Compact" luxury vehicles also fill a niche.
Battle of Cao Ba Lanh
The Battle of Cao Ba Lanh (also known as the Battle of Hill 1050) was part of the Battle of Móng Cái, fought during the Sino-Vietnamese War between February and March 1979 near the city of Móng Cái and other districts of Quảng Ninh Province that bordered the People's Republic of China. The battle broke out as Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) units launched diversionary attacks in support of the Chinese invasion in the major fronts of Lạng Sơn, Cao Bằng and Lào Cai. A Chinese regiment clashed with a Vietnamese platoon, taking heavy casualties to seize the strategic peak which was later recaptured by reinforcements.

Quảng Ninh province
Quảng Ninh (Vietnamese pronunciation: [kwâŋ nīŋ] ⓘ) is a province along the northeastern coast of Vietnam. It is about 153 km (95 mi) east of Hanoi, comprising four cities, two district-level towns and seven rural districts. The former provincial capital is Hạ Long. The province covers an area of 6,207.95 km2 (2,396.90 mi2) and, as of 2023, had a population of 1,413,452. Nearly 80% of the province is mountainous, with 90% of Vietnam's coal output extracted from the province. The province is also home to Hạ Long Bay, a World Heritage Site that has 1,969 islands, out of which 989 have been given names.

Quảng Ninh has a Human Development Index of 0.819 (very high), ranking second among all municipalities and provinces of Vietnam.
Arukku
Arukku (Old Persian: *Aryauka or *Aryavuka, or *Aryūka; Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒀀𒊒𒊌𒆪, romanized: Arukku; Elamite: 𒄯𒊑𒌋𒊌𒋡, romanized: Har(r)iuwukka; Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡓𐡉𐡅𐡊, romanized: Aryuk; * before 656 BC) was the eldest son of King Kuras (Cyrus I) from Parsumaš.

Elamite language
Elamite, also known as Hatamtite and formerly as Scythic, Median, Amardian, Anshanian and Susian, is an extinct language that was spoken by the ancient Elamites. It was recorded in what is now southwestern Iran from 2600 BC to 330 BC.  Elamite is generally thought to have no demonstrable relatives and is usually considered a language isolate. The lack of established relatives makes its interpretation difficult.

A sizeable number of Elamite lexemes are known from the Achaemenid royal inscriptions – trilingual inscriptions of the Achaemenid Empire, in which Elamite was written using Elamite cuneiform (circa 5th century BC), which is fully deciphered. An important dictionary of the Elamite language, the Elamisches Wörterbuch was published in 1987 by W. Hinz and H. Koch. The Linear Elamite script however, one of the scripts used to write the Elamite language c. 2000 BC, has remained elusive until the 2010s.
Chacarero
Chacarero is a Chilean sandwich made with thinly sliced churrasco-style steak or lomito-style pork on a round roll with tomatoes, green beans, mayonnaise, and optionally ají verde pepper.

It is one of the many varieties of sandwich served in Chilean fuentes de soda, or schoperías, restaurants equivalent to the British concept of a greasy spoon, that serve fast food and draught beer.

It was considered by Time magazine as one of "The 13 Most Amazing Sandwiches the World Has to Offer".

Green bean
Green beans are young, unripe fruits of various cultivars of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Green beans are known by several common names, including French beans, string beans (although most modern varieties are "stringless"), and snap beans or simply "snaps". In the Philippines, they are also known as "Baguio beans" or "habichuelas" to distinguish them from yardlong beans.

Immature or young pods of the runner bean (P. coccineus), yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis), and hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) are used in a similar way. Green beans are distinguished from the many other bean varieties in that they are harvested and consumed with their enclosing pods before the bean seeds inside have fully matured. An analogous practice is the harvest and consumption of unripened pea pods, as is done with snow peas or sugar snap peas.
Brooks (surname)
The word brook derives from the Old English broc and appears in the Medieval predecessors of Brooks (Ate-Broc and Atte-Broc). The surname arrived in North America from England in the mid-seventeenth century.

The surname Brooks is recorded in Ireland from the 1600s. O'Laughlin reports that "some of the name could stem from Irish origins, the name being changed into the English word 'Brook' or Brooks." The surname is also found among English-speaking Ashkenazi Jews, deriving from the male Hebrew given name Boruch ("blessed").

Brooks Brothers
Brooks Brothers Inc. is a luxury American clothing brand founded in 1818 which is the oldest apparel brand in continuous operation in the United States. Originally a family business, as of 2025 it is  owned by Catalyst Brands, along with JCPenney,  Aéropostale,  Eddie Bauer, Lucky Brand Jeans, and Nautica. 
Brooks Brothers imports clothing for men, women and children, and licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear, Interparfums for fragrances, and Turko Textiles for its home collection.
Burrell P. Smith
Burrell Perry Smith (born October 23, 1823, in Rutherford, Tennessee) was a politician who served in the Texas House of Representatives for District 1 from late 1849 to late 1851. He decided to run for the 1st district seat of the Texas House of Representatives during the 3rd legislature, and won. He served in the Texas House from 1849 to 1851, retiring from politics thereafter.

Smith married Sally Henderson on July 12, 1848, in Clarksville, Texas. They had four children. He died on August 11, 1859, from a hemorrhage of the lungs, less than 10 years after his first daughter was born.

Clarksville, Texas
Clarksville is a city in and the county seat of Red River County, Texas, United States, in the northernmost part of the Piney Woods region of East Texas. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 2,857.