hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Jewish Question
The Jewish Question  is an 1843 book by German historian and theologian Bruno Bauer, written and published in German (original title Die Judenfrage).

Bauer argued that Jews can achieve political emancipation only if they relinquish their particular religious consciousness, since political emancipation requires a secular state, which he assumes does not leave any "space" for social identities such as religion. According to Bauer, such religious demands are incompatible with the idea of the "Rights of Man." True political emancipation, for Bauer, requires the abolition of religion. He described the contemporary concept of Jewish nationalism as "chimerical" and "baseless", as, according to him, Judaism is a primitive stage of development that would require surmounting one more stage than Christians before reaching the state of renouncing religion.

Secular state
A secular state is an idea pertaining to secularity, whereby a state is or purports to be officially neutral in matters of religion, supporting neither religion nor irreligion. A secular state claims to treat all its citizens equally regardless of religion, and claims to avoid preferential treatment for a citizen based on their religious beliefs, affiliation or lack of either over those with other profiles.

Although secular states have no state religion, the absence of an established state religion does not mean that a state is completely secular or egalitarian. For example, some states that describe themselves as secular have religious references in their national anthems and flags, laws that benefit one religion or another, or are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and of the International Religious Freedom or Belief Alliance.
Vincent Broderick (musician)
Vincent Broderick (1920 – 7 August 2008) was an Irish flute and tin whistle player and teacher and composer of Irish music.

He was born in the townland of Carramore, Bullaun, near Loughrea in County Galway.

He left Galway for Dublin in the early 1950s, where he became an enthusiastic member of the Pipers Club. In 1953 he won the All-Ireland flute competition performing one of his own compositions, and playing a copper-pipe flute that he had made himself. He was an exponent of the East Galway flute style.

In 1992 The Turoe Stone, a book containing 32 of his compositions, was published. A second volume was issued some years later. Many of his compositions became part of the repertoire of musicians playing Irish music worldwide and were recorded by dozens of artists and bands.

In 2003 he was awarded the TG4 Composer of the Year Award.

He died in Dublin in 2008.

Loughrea
Loughrea (/lɒxˈreɪ/ lokh-RAY; Irish: Baile Locha Riach, meaning 'town of the grey/speckled lake'), is a town in County Galway, Ireland. It lies to the north of a range of wooded hills, the Slieve Aughty Mountains and Lough Rea, the lake from which it takes its name. The town's cathedral, St Brendan's, dominates the urban skyline. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

The town increased in population in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Although Loughrea serves as a commuter town for the city of Galway, it remains an independent market town. Loughrea is the fourth most populous settlement in County Galway, with a population of 6,322 as of 2022.
1974 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1974 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 43rd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.

Tyrone entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Ulster Championship.

On 22 September 1974, Cork won the championship following a 1-10 to 1-6 defeat of Mayo in the All-Ireland final. This was their sixth All-Ireland title overall and their first in two championship seasons.

Tyrone GAA
The Tyrone County Board (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Tír Eoghain), or Tyrone GAA, is one of the 32 county boards of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in Ireland, and is responsible for the administration of Gaelic games in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.

The county board is responsible for preparing the Tyrone county teams in the various Gaelic sporting codes; football, hurling, camogie and handball.

The county football team was the sixth from the province of Ulster to win the Sam Maguire Cup, leaving only Antrim, Fermanagh and Monaghan to still win the trophy and become All-Ireland champions.

According to a 2015 TUD study by Shane Mangan, Tyrone had 10,500 players.
Xu Huizi
Xu Huizi (Chinese: 徐惠滋; pinyin: Xú Huìzī; 9 December 1932 – 5 January 2005) was a general in the People's Liberation Army of China who served as president of the PLA Military Sciences Academy from 1995 to 1997.

He was a member of the 12th, 13th and 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress.

13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1987 to 1992. It held seven plenary sessions. It was preceded by the 12th Central Committee and succeeded by the 14th Central Committee. It elected the 13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1987.
MILF Island
"MILF Island" is the eleventh episode of NBC's second season of 30 Rock and thirty-second episode overall. It was written by the series' creator, executive producer and lead actress Tina Fey, and producer Matt Hubbard. The director of the episode was Kevin Rodney Sullivan. It aired on April 10, 2008 on the NBC network in the United States. Guest stars in this episode include Timothy Adams, Rob Huebel, John Lutz and Maulik Pancholy.

The episode revolves around the season finale of Jack Donaghy's (Alec Baldwin)  reality television show hit, MILF Island, which parallels the "real world" incidents happening in the office.  Someone tells a reporter for The New York Post that Jack is a "Class A Moron" and that he can "eat my poo." The writers of TGS with Tracy Jordan argue as they suspect one of them made the comment.

John Lutz
John Michael Lutz (born April 23, 1973) is an American actor, comedian, and screenwriter. He is best known for playing J. D. Lutz on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock, and for his work as a writer on the NBC series Saturday Night Live for seven seasons. In 2014, he joined the writing staff of the NBC late-night talk show Late Night with Seth Meyers.
Borodinia missouriensis
Borodinia missouriensis, commonly called Missouri rockcress, is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is native to the eastern United States, where it has a highly fragmented range localized in the Northeast, the Upper Midwest, the Interior Highlands, and the Southeast. Its natural habitat is typically on rocky or sandy woodlands and bluffs, in areas of acidic soil. It is generally uncommon throughout most of its range, with exception for the Interior Highlands region.

Borodinia missouriensis is an erect biennial. It produces racemes of small creamy-white flowers in the spring. It bears a resemblance to more widespread Borodinia laevigata, from which it can be distinguished by the following characters: Stem leaves dense, erect, and overlapping, basal leaves persistent and pinnately lobed, petals about twice as long as sepals, and stems often red-tinged.

U.S. Interior Highlands
The U.S. Interior Highlands is a mountainous region in the Central United States spanning northern and western Arkansas, southern Missouri, eastern Oklahoma, and southern Illinois. The name is designated by the United States Geological Survey to refer to the combined subregions of the Ouachita Mountains south of the Arkansas River and the Ozark Plateaus north of the Arkansas. The U.S. Interior Highlands is one of few mountainous regions between the Appalachians and Rockies.
Nieves López Martínez
Nieves López Martínez (Burgos, 5 February 1949 - Madrid, 15 December 2010) was a Spanish paleontologist specializing in research on the vertebrate fossil record and part of a group of paleontologists who were responsible for the modernization of paleontological studies in Spain.

López Martínez studied at Complutense University of Madrid, graduating in Biological Sciences in 1970. She received a scholarship to do her PhD work, under the supervision of Dr. Louis Thaler at the University of Montpellier.

López Martínez was recognized as a leading figure in the study of the evolution of Cenozoic lagomorphs, as well as the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event in the area of the Pyrenees. She was also very involved with university teaching programs, both officially at the Complutense University of Madrid and through various projects, such as the Somosaguas Paleontology Project, which was associated with the Somosaguas paleontological site.

University of Montpellier
The University of Montpellier (French: Université de Montpellier; Occitan: Universitat de Montpelhièr) is a public research university located in Montpellier, in south-east of France. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the oldest universities in the world.

The university was split into three universities (the University of Montpellier 1, the University of Montpellier 2 and the Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3) for 45 years from 1970 until 2015 when it was subsequently reunified by the merger of the two former, with the latter, now named Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, remaining a separate entity.
2016–17 Eastern Counties Football League
The 2016–17 season was the 74th in the history of the Eastern Counties Football League, a football competition in England.

Mildenhall Town were champions, winning their first Eastern Counties Football League title and were promoted to the Isthmian League for the first time in their history.

Eastern Counties Football League
The Eastern Counties Football League, currently known as the Thurlow Nunn League for sponsorship purposes, is an English football league at levels 9 and 10 of the English football league system. It currently contains clubs from Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, eastern Hertfordshire, southern Lincolnshire, and north and east London. The league is a feeder to Division One North of the Isthmian League, but may also see sides promoted to the Northern Premier League Midlands Division.
1984 France rugby union tour of New Zealand
The 1984 France rugby union tour of New Zealand was a series of eight matches played in June 1984 by the France national rugby union team in New Zealand. The team won all six of their matches against New Zealand provincial teams but lost both their internationals against the New Zealand All Blacks.

Jean-Luc Joinel
Jean-Luc Joinel (born 21 September 1953, in Saint-Vincent-de-Cosse) is a retired French international rugby union player. He played as a Flanker for CA Brive.
He earned his first cap with the French national team on 11 November 1977 against New Zealand at Toulouse.
Aba, Okayama
Aba (阿波村, Aba-son) was a village in the north of Tomata District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan, sharing a border with Tottori Prefecture.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 669 and a population density of 15.90 persons per km2. The total area was 42.07 km2.

On February 28, 2005, Aba, along with the town of Kamo (also from Tomata District), the town of Shōboku (from Katsuta District), and the town of Kume (from Kume District), was merged into the expanded city of Tsuyama and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Most of Aba's area is forest and/or mountains, and its major industries are agriculture and forestry. It has been affected by rural depopulation, leaving it with the smallest population in the prefecture.

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
Tersane railway station
Tersane railway station (Turkish: Tersane istasyonu) is a railway station in Pendik, Istanbul, on the Marmaray line. Up until 2012, the station was a stop on the Haydarpaşa suburban commuter rail line. The original station consisted of two side platforms with two tracks. The station gets its name from the nearby Pendik Shipyards, as Tersane is Turkish for shipyard.

Tersane station was closed down on 1 February 2012, when all train traffic between Pendik and Arifiye was temporarily suspended due to construction of the Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway. The station was demolished shortly after and a new station was built in its place. The new station consists of an island platform serving two tracks, with a third express track on the south side.

Tersane station was opened on March 12, 2019 along with the entire Marmaray line.

Haydarpaşa suburban
The Haydarpaşa suburban (Turkish: Haydarpaşa banliyösü), also known as the Haydarpaşa-Gebze line (Turkish: Haydarpaşa-Gebze hattı) and numbered as B2, was a commuter rail line operated by the Turkish State Railways, between Haydarpaşa Terminal in Kadıköy to Gebze. Since its opening in 1951, it was the busiest commuter rail line and busiest TCDD service in Turkey, until it was discontinued in 2013.

Electrified in 1969, the line was the second electrified commuter rail service in Turkey, after the Istanbul suburban, operating across the Bosphorus.

The route traversed the southern shore of Istanbul's Asian side, passing through important districts: Kadıköy, Maltepe, Kartal, Pendik and Tuzla. The line then crosses into the Kocaeli Province into Gebze, where it terminates. The State Railways has operated its regional service to Adapazarı and mainline service to Ankara on the line as well, making it one of the busiest rail lines in Turkey, in terms of passengers and number of trains.
Frykman
Frykman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna-Lisa Frykman (1889–1960), Swedish composer, song lyricist, and teacher

John Frykman (1932–2017), American Lutheran minister and psychotherapist

Gösta Frykman (1909–1974), Swedish Army officer

Götrik Frykman (1891–1944), Swedish bandy player and footballer

Nils Frykman (1842–1911), Swedish teacher, evangelist, and hymnwriter

Per Frykman (born 1964), Swedish paralympic equestrian

Götrik Frykman
Götrik Wilhelm Adolf "Putte" Frykman (1 December 1891 – 7 April 1944) was a Swedish bandy player and football player who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

Frykman was born in Stockholm. He was part of the Djurgården side that won the Swedish football championship in 1912 and 1915. He also won the Swedish bandy championship in 1908 and 1912 with Djurgården.

He was a member of the Swedish Olympic squad in 1912. He played as a midfielder in one match at the consolation tournament.

Frykman died in Stockholm.
Treaty of Montlouis
The Treaty of Montlouis was an agreement made between Henry II of England and his sons which, alongside the Treaties of Falaise and Ivry, made peace with the opposing parties of the Revolt of 1173-74. The treaty was signed in Montlouis-sur-Loire on 30 September 1174.

Revolt of 1173–1174
The Revolt of 1173–1174, sometimes referred to as the Great Revolt, was a rebellion against King Henry II of England led by three of his sons, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, and their supporters. The revolt lasted eighteen months and ended in failure; Henry's opponents were forced to submit and were ultimately reconciled with him.
Shuravi
Shuravi, shouravi, or shurwi (Dari: شوروی, Tajik: Шуравӣ) is the Persian term for the word "Soviet" or just "Soviet Union", it has been derived from the word shura (شورا), a word of Arabic origin meaning "council".

This term is also the collective image of Soviet soldiers and military specialists in Afghanistan. The image has been widely spread among Afghan people. A motto "Marg bar shouravi", meaning "death to the Soviets", was popular among mujahideen. Conversely, the motto "Vivat, shuravi!", meaning "long live the Soviets", was adopted by the supporters of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.

Russian veterans of Soviet–Afghan War often call themselves Shuravi. The word is used in Iran meaning "USSR".

Shura
Shura (Arabic: شُورَىٰ, romanized: shūrā, lit. 'consultation') is the term for collective decision-making in Islam.  It can, for example, take the form of a council or a referendum. The Quran encourages Muslims to decide their affairs in consultation with each other.

Shura is mentioned as a praiseworthy activity often used in organizing the affairs of a  mosque, Islamic organizations, and is a common term involved in naming parliaments.
Rancho Ex-Mission San José
Rancho Ex-Mission San José was a 30,000-acre (120 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Alameda County, California, given in 1846 by Governor Pio Pico to Andrés Pico and Juan B. Alvarado. The grant derives its name from the secularized Mission San José, and was called ex-Mission because of a division made of the lands held in the name of the Mission—the church retaining the grounds immediately around, and all of the lands outside of this are called ex-Mission lands.  The grant extended to the lands of present-day Fremont including the former towns, now districts of Centerville, Irvington and Mission San Jose.

Pío Pico
Don Pío de Jesús Pico IV (May 5, 1801 – September 11, 1894) was a Californio politician, ranchero, and entrepreneur, famous for serving as the last governor of Alta California under Mexican rule from 1845 to 1846. He briefly held the governorship during a disputed period in 1832. A member of the prominent Pico family of California, he was one of the wealthiest men in California at the time and a hugely influential figure in Californian society, continuing as a citizen of the nascent U.S. state of California.

His legacy can be seen in the numerous places named after him, such as the city of Pico Rivera, Pico Boulevard in Los Angeles, Pio Pico State Historic Park, and numerous schools that bear his name.
Charles Mainor
Charles Mainor (born January 23, 1967) is an American Democratic Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly representing the 31st Legislative District. Mainor is a police detective in Jersey City. He succeeded L. Harvey Smith, who did not seek re-election in 2009.

Mainor graduated from New Jersey City University with a B.S. degree in criminal justice. He ran unsuccessfully for the Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders twice before his election to the Assembly in 2009.

Board of County Commissioners (New Jersey)
In New Jersey, a Board of County Commissioners (until 2020 named the Board of Chosen Freeholders) is the elected county-wide government board in each of the state's 21 counties. In the five counties that have an elected county executive, the board of county commissioners serves as the county legislature. In the remaining counties, the board of county commissioners exercises both executive and legislative functions, often with an appointed county administrator or manager overseeing the day-to-day operations of county government.

As of 2025, 18 of the 21 county commissions are held exclusively by one party; Atlantic, Gloucester, and Cumberland counties are the only ones with both parties represented. Since 2000, 12 counties have only elected members from a single party; Camden, Essex, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex, and Union counties have chosen only Democrats, and Cape May, Hunterdon, Morris, Ocean, Sussex, and Warren counties have chosen only Republicans.
Johan Lönnroth
Johan Magnus Lönnroth  (born 25 December 1937, Gothenburg), is a Swedish left-wing politician and an economist. He has also been a Member of parliament for Vänsterpartiet (the Swedish Left Party) from 1991 to 2003. He is currently working part-time at the University of Gothenburg.

University of Gothenburg
The University of Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborgs universitet) is a public university in Gothenburg, Sweden. Founded in 1891, the university is the third-oldest of the current Swedish universities and, with 53,624 students and 6,707 staff members, it is one of the largest universities in the Nordic countries.
Galway–Kilkenny hurling rivalry
The Galway-Kilkenny rivalry is a hurling rivalry between Irish county teams Galway and Kilkenny, who first played each other in 1898. Recently it has become one of the biggest rivalries in Gaelic games. Kilkenny's home ground is Nowlan Park and Galway's home ground is Pearse Stadium, however, all of their championship meetings have been held at neutral venues.

While Kilkenny have the highest number of All-Ireland and Leinster titles, Galway were the standard bearers in Connacht before joining the Leinster championship in 2009, however, All-Ireland success for them has been sporadic. Between them the two teams have won 41 All-Ireland championships.

1972 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1972 was the 85th staging of Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition.  Kilkenny won the championship, beating Cork 3–24 to 5–11 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.
January 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
January 14 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 16

All fixed commemorations below are observed on January 28 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For January 15th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 2.

Charitina of Amisus
St. Charitina of Amisus (also known as Charitina of Rome) was a virgin martyr from Asia Minor, distinguished by strict chastity and piety. Charitina spent her life in fasting, prayer and study. By her example she converted many to Christianity during the reign of Emperor Diocletian and was seized in the city of Amisus in Pontus. After torture and death, her body was thrown into the sea in the year 304.
Chut Pyin massacre
The Chut Pyin massacre was a massacre of Rohingyas by the Myanmar Army and armed Rakhine locals that purportedly took place in the village of Chut Pyin, in Rakhine State, Myanmar on 25 August 2017, the same day Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) insurgents attacked security forces along the Bangladesh–Myanmar border. The event was first brought to attention after a report was published by Human Rights Watch, which detailed accounts of rape and killings from survivors.

Bangladesh–Myanmar border
The Bangladesh–Myanmar border is the international border between the countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar (formerly Burma). The border stretches 271.0 kilometres (168.4 miles), from the tripoint with India in the north to the Bay of Bengal in the south. About 210 km (130 mi) of the border is fenced, with the government of Myanmar announcing in 2017 that it was planning to fence off the rest of the border.

On 9 December 2024, Arakan Army captured all of the Burmese military outposts and seized control of Myanmar's border with Bangladesh after an intense battle in Maungdaw.