hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hirapur, Uttar Pradesh
Hirapur is a village in Ambedkar Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Hirapur is situated 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) east of Tanda Busstand.

There are 5 schools in Hirapur. There is a Bank of Baroda branch in Hirapur.

Ambedkar Nagar district
Ambedkar Nagar district is one of the 75 districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. This district is a part of Ayodhya division in the Awadh region of the state. This district was established on 29 September 1995 by carving out parts of the erstwhile Faizabad district (now Ayodhya district). It was created by the then Chief Minister Mayawati and named in memory of B. R. Ambedkar, who worked for the advancement of the depressed classes. The total area of Ambedkar Nagar district is 2350 Sq. Km.
RSpec
RSpec is a computer domain-specific language (DSL) (particular application domain) testing tool written in the programming language Ruby to test Ruby code. It is a behavior-driven development (BDD) framework which is extensively used in production applications. The basic idea behind this concept is that of test-driven development (TDD) where the tests are written first and the development is based on writing just enough code that will fulfill those tests followed by refactoring. It contains its own mocking framework that is fully integrated into the framework based upon JMock. The simplicity in the RSpec syntax makes it one of the popular testing tools for Ruby applications. The RSpec tool can be used by installing the rspec gem which consists of three other gems, namely rspec-core, rspec-expectation and rspec-mock.

Test-driven development
Test-driven development (TDD) is a way of writing code that involves writing an automated unit-level test case that fails, then writing just enough code to make the test pass, then refactoring both the test code and the production code, then repeating with another new test case.

Alternative approaches to writing automated tests is to write all of the production code before starting on the test code or to write all of the test code before starting on the production code. With TDD, both are written together, therefore shortening debugging time necessities.

TDD is related to the test-first programming concepts of extreme programming, begun in 1999, but more recently has created more general interest in its own right.

Programmers also apply the concept to improving and debugging legacy code developed with older techniques.
Umba sapphire
The Umba sapphire is a unique type of sapphire discovered in 1962 in the Gerevi Hills, north of the Umba River in the Umba Valley of Mkinga District of Tanga Region in Tanzania. Umba sapphires exhibit coloration not common to sapphires found in other parts of the world, and are recovered from the alluvial deposits of the Umba River.

As of November 2006, the Tanzanian government prohibits export of these sapphires.

Tanga Region
Tanga Region (Swahili: Mkoa wa Tanga) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 26,667 km2 (10,296 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Burundi. The regional capital is the municipality of Tanga city. Located in northeast Tanzania, the region is bordered by Kenya and Kilimanjaro Region to the north; Manyara Region to the west; and Morogoro and Pwani Regions to the south. It has a coastline to the east with the Indian Ocean. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,615,597.
Streets of Albany, New York
The streets of Albany, New York, have had a long history going back almost 400 years. Many of the streets have changed names over the course of time, some have changed names many times. Some streets no longer exist, others have changed course. Some roads existed only on paper. The oldest streets were haphazardly laid out with no overall plan until Simeon De Witt's 1794 street grid plan. The plan had two grids, one west of Eagle Street and the old stockade, and another for the Pastures District south of the old stockade.

Guilderland, New York
Guilderland is a town in Albany County, New York, United States. In the 2020 census, the town had a population of 36,848. The town is named for the  Gelderland province in the Netherlands.
The town of Guilderland is on the central-northwest border of the county. It is just west of Albany, the capital of the U.S. state of New York.
Dave King (novelist)
Dave King (born 1955) is an American novelist and poet who lives in Brooklyn, in New York City. He was born in 1955 in Meriden, Connecticut. His father, Henry T. King, was a U.S. prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials.

His first novel, The Ha-Ha, was published in 2005 and was named one of the best books of that year by The Washington Post, The Christian Science Monitor, and the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. The Ha-Ha was a finalist for The Book of the Month Club's Best Literary Fiction Award and
the Quill Foundation's award for Best Debut Fiction and was named one of Amazon's Best Books of the Year (2005). The New York Times Book Review
wrote, "The Ha-Ha is full of emotional truth and establishes King as a writer of consequence."

Meriden, Connecticut
Meriden (/ˈmɛərədɪn/ MAIR-ə-din) is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, located halfway between the regional cities of New Haven and Hartford. The city is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. In 2020, the population of the city was 60,850.
Aberdeen railway station, New South Wales
Aberdeen railway station is an intercity railway station located on the Main North line, serving the Hunter Valley town of Aberdeen. It is served by Sydney Trains Intercity Hunter Line and NSW TrainLink North Western Region services.

NSW TrainLink
NSW TrainLink is a regional train and coach operator in Australia, providing services throughout New South Wales and into the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Queensland and South Australia. Its primary services are spread across five major rail lines, operating out of Sydney.

NSW TrainLink was formed on 1 July 2013 when RailCorp was restructured and CountryLink was merged with the intercity services of CityRail.

Announced in May 2025, following extensive negotiations, it has been agreed that Sydney Trains and NSW TrainLink will become one entity during the life of the new three-year enterprise agreement pending membership approval.
Waiting for the Barbarians
Waiting for the Barbarians is a novel by the South African writer J. M. Coetzee. First published in 1980, it was chosen by Penguin for its series Great Books of the 20th Century and won both the James Tait Black Memorial Prize and Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize for fiction. American composer Philip Glass has also written an opera of the same name based on the book which premiered in September 2005 at Theater Erfurt, Germany.

Coetzee is said to have taken the title as well as to have been heavily influenced by the 1904 poem "Waiting for the Barbarians" by the Greek poet Constantine P. Cavafy.

Coetzee's novel was also deeply influenced by Italian writer Dino Buzzati's novel The Tartar Steppe (which too is said to have been based on Cavafy's poem).

Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize
The Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize is a British literary prize established in 1963 in tribute to Geoffrey Faber, founder and first Chairman of the publisher Faber & Faber. It recognises a single volume of poetry or fiction by a United Kingdom, Irish or Commonwealth author under 40 years of age on the date of publication, and is in alternating years awarded to poetry and fiction (including short stories).

The prize is worth £1500.

The prize jury, comprising three reviewers, is selected by literary editors of journals and newspapers that regularly publish reviews of poetry and fiction.

In its first year, the prize was awarded to Christopher Middleton and George MacBeth for poetry. The first win by a short-story collection, The Quantity Theory of Insanity by Will Self, was in 1993.
China, Missouri
China is an unincorporated community in southern Howell County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is located along Missouri Route JJ, approximately eight miles (13 km) south-southeast of West Plains. The South Fork Spring River is approximately one mile (1.6 km) north of the site. The China Union Church sits adjacent to Route JJ at the location.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Ocean Data View
Ocean Data View (ODV) is a proprietary, freely available, software package for the analysis and visualization of oceanographic and meteorological data sets.

ODV is used by a large number of oceanographers. The UNESCO Ocean Teacher project employs ODV as one of its main analysis and display tools. ODV is used to display and analyze data from several oceanographic projects such as Argo, World Ocean Circulation Experiment, World Ocean Database Project, SeaDataNet, World Ocean Atlas, and Medar/Medatlas projects.
Ocean Data View includes also options that permit to perform objective analysis thanks to the add-on DIVA software.

Data set
A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data. In the case of tabular data, a data set corresponds to one or more database tables, where every column of a table represents a particular variable, and each row corresponds to a given record of the data set in question. The data set lists values for each of the variables, such as for example height and weight of an object, for each member of the data set.  Data sets can also consist of a collection of documents or files.

In the open data discipline, a data set is a unit used to measure the amount of information released in a public open data repository.  The European data.europa.eu portal aggregates more than a million data sets.
Bard Peak (Alaska)
Bard Peak is a 3,850-foot (1,173 m) mountain summit located in the Kenai Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Chugach National Forest, 2.5 mi (4 km) southwest of Whittier, Alaska, at the isthmus of the Kenai Peninsula, where the Kenai Mountains meet the Chugach Mountains. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the eastern aspect of the mountain rises up from the western sea-level arms of Prince William Sound. Bard Peak is often seen and photographed with Shakespeare Shoulder because they are in the background behind Portage Lake, a popular tourist and recreation destination.

The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1969 by the United States Geological Survey, although it was misspelled Baird on their map. The peak's name honors bards Robert Burns, The Bard of Ayrshire, and William Shakespeare, known as The Bard of Avon, (or in England, simply The Bard).

Prince William Sound
Prince William Sound (Sugpiaq: Suungaaciq) is a sound off the Gulf of Alaska on the south coast of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is located on the east side of the Kenai Peninsula. Its largest port is Valdez, at the southern terminus of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. Other settlements on the sound, which contains numerous small islands, include Cordova and Whittier plus the Alaska native villages of Chenega and Tatitlek.
Cursty Jackson
Cursty Jackson (born September 11, 1990) is an American female former volleyball player and current college volleyball coach. She is currently an assistant coach of the Long Beach State women's volleyball team.

Long Beach State athletics
Long Beach State athletics, or simply Beach athletics (previously known as the 49ers), are the athletic teams that represent California State University, Long Beach. Teams compete in 19 sports at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level. Long Beach State is a founding member of the Big West Conference, and also competes in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation and the Golden Coast Conference for sports not sponsored by the Big West.
HMS Ambush
Three vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Ambush.

Ambush, or Ambush No. 5, was an American gunboat (Gunboat No. 5), launched in 1805, captured at the Battle of Lake Borgne in 1814, and sold in 1815.

Two were submarines:

HMS Ambush (P418), launched in 1945, was an Amphion-class submarine.

HMS Ambush (S120), launched in 2011, is an Astute-class submarine.

HMS Ambush (1814)
HMS Ambush, or Ambush No. 5, was the American Gunboat No. 5, launched in 1805. She served in the Mediterranean later that year. The Royal Navy captured her at the Battle of Lake Borgne on 14 December 1814. She was sold in 1815.
1993 in Armenian football
1993 in Armenian football was the second season of independent football after the split-up from the Soviet Union. Professional football existed of two divisions, the Armenian Premier League (containing 16 teams) and the Armenian First League (2 groups of 14). Out of the 16 Premier League teams, three would relegate, while the two First League group winners along with the better runner-up would promote for the 1994 season.

FC Sipan
FC Sipan (Armenian: Ֆոտբոլային Ակումբ Սիփան) was an Armenian football club from the Spandaryan village of Shirak Province. It was dissolved in 1993 and is currently inactive from professional football. The club played its home games at the village's football ground named after Hamlet Mkhitaryan.
Jerome C. Glenn
Jerome Clayton Glenn (born August 9, 1945) is an American futurist who is the executive director, co-founder, and CEO of the Millennium Project. He also served as the executive director of the American Council for the United Nations University from 1988 to 2007 and deputy director of Partnership for Productivity International, and was the co-recipient of the 2022 Lifeboat Foundation Guardian Award.

Lifeboat Foundation
The Lifeboat Foundation is a nonprofit organization based in Gardnerville, Nevada, dedicated to the prevention of global catastrophic risk. Technology journalist Ashlee Vance describes Lifeboat as "a nonprofit that seeks to protect people from some seriously catastrophic technology-related events". Prominent scholars from Lifeboat Foundation's Advisory Board includes 1986 Nobel Laureate in Literature Wole Soyinka, 1993 Nobel Laureate in Medicine Richard J. Roberts, 2002 Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences Daniel Kahneman, and 2007 Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences Eric Maskin.
Nuts and Wine
Nuts and Wine was a theatrical revue, with lyrics by C. H. Bovill and P. G. Wodehouse and music by Frank E. Tours, with additional numbers by Guy Jones and Melville Gideon, from a book by Bovill and Wodehouse. It was performed at the Empire Theatre, London, opening on 3 January 1914. The show closed on 28 March 1914, after a run of 12 weeks.

Melville Gideon
Melville J. Gideon (May 21, 1884 – November 11, 1933) was an American composer, lyricist and performer of ragtime music, composing many themes for hit Broadway musicals including The Co-Optimists and The Beauty Spot. He was also a director, producer and performer. He was born in New York City, and died in London, aged 49.

Among the songs he composed were "Arizona" (1916, lyrics by James Heard), "Washington Square" (1920, lyrics by Cole Porter and Ray E. Goetz), "I Never Realized" (1921, lyrics by Porter) and  "Crinoline Gown" (1924, lyrics by Clifford Seyler).
Grosso v. Miramax Film Corp.
Grosso v. Miramax Film Corp., 383 F.3d 965 (9th Cir. 2004), was an entertainment law case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that a screenwriter's claim for breach of implied contract was not preempted  by United States federal copyright law, because the screenwriter's claim alleged an extra element that transformed the action from one arising under the ambit of the federal copyright statute to one sounding in contract.

Entertainment law
Entertainment law, also known as media law, encompasses legal services provided to the entertainment industry. These services often overlap with intellectual property law, which includes key components such as trademarks, copyright, and the right of publicity. However, the practice of entertainment law frequently extends into other legal areas including employment law, contract law, torts, labor law, bankruptcy law, immigration, securities law, security interests, agency, right of privacy, defamation, advertising, criminal law, tax law, International law (especially private international law), and insurance law.

Much of the work of an entertainment law practice is transaction based, i.e., drafting contracts, negotiation and mediation. Some situations may lead to litigation or arbitration.
That Handsome Devil
That Handsome Devil, often shortened to THD, is an American rock band from Brooklyn, New York, by way of Boston, Massachusetts.

The band mixes genres such as rock, funk, jazz, jive, blues, surf, rhythm and blues, reggae, rockabilly, rap, and psychedelic. Their sound has also been described as "equal parts Screamin’ Jay Hawkins, bizarre electronica, creepy hip hop and in-your-face gonzo rock". Gypsy jazz has been used in description of the band while frontman Godforbid describes the band's music as "fringe pop".

Screamin' Jay Hawkins
Jalacy J. "Screamin' Jay" Hawkins (July 18, 1929 – February 12, 2000) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, actor, film producer, and boxer. Famed chiefly for his powerful, shouting vocal delivery and wildly theatrical performances of songs such as "I Put a Spell on You", he sometimes used macabre props onstage, making him an early pioneer of shock rock. He received a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for his performance in the 1989 indie film Mystery Train.
George Starkey
George Starkey (1628–1665) was a Colonial American alchemist, medical practitioner, and writer of numerous commentaries and chemical treatises that were widely circulated in Western Europe and influenced prominent men of science, including Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton. After relocating from New England to London, England, in 1650, Starkey began writing under the pseudonym Eirenaeus Philalethes. Starkey remained in England and continued his career in medicine and alchemy until his death in the Great Plague of London in 1665.

Iatrochemistry
Iatrochemistry (from Ancient Greek  ἰατρός (iatrós) 'physician, medicine'; also known as chemiatria or chemical medicine) is an archaic pre-scientific school of thought that was supplanted by modern chemistry and medicine. Having its roots in alchemy, iatrochemistry sought to provide chemical solutions to diseases and medical ailments.

This area of science fell out of use in Europe since the rise of modern establishment medicine.  Iatrochemistry was popular between 1525 and 1660, especially in the Low Countries.  Its most notable leader was Paracelsus, an important Swiss alchemist of the 16th century. Iatrochemists believed that physical health was dependent on a specific balance of bodily fluids.  Iatrochemical therapies and concepts are still in wide use in South Asia, East Asia and amongst their diasporic communities worldwide.
Ed McNamara
Edward Francis McNamara (21 June 1921 – 11 October 1986) was a Canadian film actor. He appeared in more than 40 films from 1941 to 1986.

At the 27th Canadian Film Awards in 1976, McNamara and his costar Hugh Webster jointly won the Canadian Film Award for Best Actor in a Non-Feature for their performances in For Gentlemen Only, and McNamara received a Genie Award nomination for Best Actor at the 7th Genie Awards in 1986, for his performance in Bayo. In the same year, he posthumously received the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television's Earle Grey Award for lifetime achievement at the 1st Gemini Awards.

Genie Award for Best Actor (Non-Feature)
Best Performance by an Actor (Non-Feature) was a Canadian award which was presented by the Canadian Film Awards from 1969 to 1978, by the Genie Awards in 1980 and by the shortlived Bijou Awards in 1981, to honour the best performance by an actor in film which was not a theatrical feature film, such as television films or short films.
USS Yew
USS Yew (YN-32/AN-37) was an Aloe-class net laying ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was later transferred to the French Navy as Scorpion (A728). She was sold to Malaysian owners but sank while under tow from the former French ship Locuste (A765) when that ship struck a reef off Cikobia Island, Fiji, on 30 July 1978 and also sank.

Net laying ship
A net laying ship, also known as a net layer, net tender, gate ship or boom defence vessel was a type of naval auxiliary ship.

A net layer's primary function was to lay and maintain steel anti-submarine nets or anti torpedo nets. Nets could be laid around an individual ship at anchor, or harbor entrances or dry docks, or other anchorages. Net laying was potentially dangerous work, and net laying seamen were experts at dealing with blocks, tackles, knots and splicing. As World War II progressed, net layers were pressed into a variety of additional roles including salvage, troop and cargo transport, buoy maintenance, and service as tugboats. Many of the ships were decommissioned after the war, but some continued in service for several more decades.

Net layers were eventually made redundant by advances in underwater detection technology.
Clyde Lamb
Clyde William Lamb (March 11, 1913 – July 8, 1966) was an American artist and cartoonist whose gag cartoons were published in leading magazines of the 1940s and 1950s. He also drew a syndicated comic strip during the 1950s and 1960s.

Gag cartoon
A gag cartoon (also panel cartoon, single-panel cartoon, or gag panel) is most often a single-panel cartoon, usually including a caption beneath the drawing. In some cases, dialogue may appear in speech balloons, following the common convention of comic strips. A pantomime cartoon carries no caption (see also: pantomime comics).

As the name implies—"gag" being a show business term for a comedic idea—these cartoons are most often intended to provoke laughter. Popular magazines that have featured gag cartoons include Punch, The New Yorker and Playboy. Some publications, such as Humorama, have used cartoons as the main focus of the magazine, rather than articles and fiction.
SMS Wolf
Several warships of the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) have been named SMS Wolf:

SMS Wolf (1860), a gunboat of the Jäger class

SMS Wolf (1878), a gunboat of the Wolf class

SMS Wolf (1906), an auxiliary cruiser

SMS Wolf (1916), an auxiliary cruiser

SMS Wolf (1916)
SMS Wolf (formerly the Hansa freighter Wachtfels) was an armed merchant raider or auxiliary cruiser of the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She was the fourth ship of the Imperial Navy bearing this name (and is therefore often referred to in Germany as Wolf IV), following two gunboats and another auxiliary cruiser that was decommissioned without seeing action.