hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Northern grizzled skipper
The northern grizzled skipper (Pyrgus centaureae) is a Holarctic species of skipper butterfly (family Hesperiidae) with a range in North America from the subarctic to the north, New Mexico to the south, and the Appalachian Mountains to the east.In the Palearctic the species which was described from Norway is distributed across Scandinavia and the northern part of European Russia across the Urals through northern Asia to the Altai.

Subarctic
The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of hemiboreal regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Fennoscandia, Northwestern Russia, Siberia, and the Cairngorms. Generally, subarctic regions fall between 50°N and 70°N latitude, depending on local climates. Precipitation is usually low, and vegetation is characteristic of the taiga.

Daylight at these latitudes is quite extreme between summer and winter due to its high latitude. Near the summer solstice for instance, subarctic regions can experience an all-night period of either civil, nautical, or astronomical twilight (or in the northern reaches full daylight), since the sun never dips more than 18 degrees below the horizon. Noctilucent clouds are best observed within this range of latitude.
Teemu Rinkinen
Teemu Rinkinen (born March 7, 1987) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey forward. He played in Liiga for Pelicans, Blues, HPK and KooKoo before ending his career in DEL2 in Germany with Dresdner Eislöwen.

HPK
Hämeenlinnan Pallokerho (HPK) is a professional ice hockey team in the Liiga, the top men's ice hockey league in Finland. Their home ice is the Ritari-areena in Hämeenlinna. HPK was established in 1929. The parent club of the team is HPK Edustusjääkiekko ry and the team is sometimes promoted as the "Hockey Playing Knights," with a logo representing a knight's helmet. HPK won their first SM-liiga championship in 2006 and the second in 2019.
Giovanni Battista Ambrosiani
Giovanni Battista Ambrosiani (born 2 July 1772, Milan – 19 February 1832, Karlberg Palace) was an Italian ballet dancer. He arrived in Stockholm in 1795 and was taken on by the Royal Swedish Ballet as its premier danseur, then as its ballet master from 1823 to 1827. He was also dance master and gymnastics master at the Military Academy Karlberg until 1834. He notably created ballets for operas like Il turco in Italia by  Rossini, Preciosa by Weber and Fernand Cortez by Spontini.

Il turco in Italia
Il turco in Italia (English: The Turk in Italy) is an opera buffa in two acts by Gioachino Rossini.  The Italian-language libretto was written by Felice Romani. It was a re-working of a libretto by Caterino Mazzolà set as an opera (with the same title) by the German composer Franz Seydelmann in 1788.

An opera buffa, it was influenced by Mozart's Così fan tutte, which was performed at the same theatre shortly before Rossini's work. The strangely harmonized overture, though infrequently recorded, is one of the best examples of Rossini's characteristic style. An unusually long introduction displays an extended, melancholy horn solo with full orchestral accompaniment, before giving way to a lively, purely comic main theme.
Sturgeon Lake Caldera
Sturgeon Lake Caldera is a large extinct caldera complex in Kenora District of Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is one of the world's best preserved mineralized Neoarchean caldera complexes, containing well-preserved mafic-intermediate pillow lavas, pillow breccias, hyaloclastite and peperites, submarine lava domes and dome-associated breccia deposits. The complex is some 2.7 billion years old with a minimum strike length of 30 km (19 mi).

Mafic
A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase feldspar. Mafic materials can also be described as ferromagnesian.
Volobuyevo, Oktyabrsky District, Kursk Oblast
Volobuyevo (Russian: Волобуево) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Starkovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Oktyabrsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  39 (2010 Census); 55 (2002 Census);

Oktyabrsky District, Kursk Oblast
Oktyabrsky District (Russian: Октя́брьский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 628 square kilometers (242 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Pryamitsyno. Population: 23,164 (2021 census); 22,569 (2010 census);  23,877 (2002 Census); 125,296 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pryamitsyno accounts for 22.4% of the district's total population.
Mark Frohnmayer
Mark Frohnmayer is an American software and electric vehicle entrepreneur. He was the lead programmer of Starsiege: Tribes and Tribes 2 at Dynamix before leaving to co-found GarageGames, where he helped architect the Torque Game Engine and led the development of Zap! The Game, Marble Blast Gold and Marble Blast Ultra.

He has since started Arcimoto based in Eugene, Oregon, which designs and sells a three-wheeled electric vehicle. Frohnmayer has also engaged in public policy: he served from 2011 to 2014 on the Oregon Transportation Commission. He also launched the Unified Primary effort to reform Oregon's election system, which led to the establishment of the Equal Vote Coalition. He is the son of former Oregon Attorney General Dave Frohnmayer.

GarageGames
GarageGames was a game technology and software developer. GarageGames was the parent company of GG Interactive, developers of educational technology in the areas of computer science, video game development and programming. In addition, the company has been a video game developer and publisher. GarageGames created several game engines targeted for indie development. Founded in Eugene, Oregon, the company had offices in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States and its headquarters in Vancouver, Washington.  In 2007, GarageGames was acquired by IAC  and the company was renamed TorquePowered. In 2011, the company was purchased by Graham Software Development and reverted to the original name GarageGames.
Gerben
Gerben is a masculine name of Germanic origin. Notable people with the name are as follows:

Gerben Broeren (born 1972), Dutch cyclist

Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy (born 1967), Dutch politician

Gerben Hellinga Jr (born 1938), Dutch writer

Gerben Jorritsma (born 1993), Dutch speed skater

Gerben Karstens (1942–2022), Dutch cyclist

Gerben de Knegt (born 1975), Dutch cyclist

Gerben Kuypers (born 2000), Belgian cyclist

Gerben Last (born 1985), Dutch para table tennis player

Gerben Löwik (born 1977), Dutch cyclist

Gerben Moerman (born 1976), Dutch sociologist

Gerben Mulder (born 1972), Dutch artist

Gerben Silvis (born 1976), Dutch water polo player

Gerben Thijssen (born 1998), Belgian cyclist

Gerben Wagenaar (1912–1993), Dutch politician

Gerben Wiersma (born 1977), Dutch artistic gymnastics coach

Gerben Wynia (born 1958), Dutch writer

Gerben Zylstra (born 1959), American biochemist

Gerben Zylstra
Gerben J. Zylstra (born January 3, 1959) is an American biochemist, currently distinguished professor at Rutgers University and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Zadeh's rule
In mathematical optimization, Zadeh's rule (also known as the least-entered rule) is an algorithmic refinement of the simplex method for linear optimization.

The rule was proposed around 1980 by Norman Zadeh (son of Lotfi A. Zadeh), and has entered the folklore of convex optimization since then.

Zadeh offered a reward of $1,000 to anyone who can show that the rule admits polynomially many iterations or to prove that there is a family of linear programs on which the pivoting rule requires subexponentially many iterations to find the optimum.

Norman Zada
Norman Zada (born Norman Askar Zadeh) is a former adjunct mathematics professor and an entrepreneur. He is the founder of Perfect 10, an adult magazine focusing on women without cosmetic surgery, and runs the United States Investing Competition. Zada is the son of Lotfi Zadeh, the creator of fuzzy logic.
Nursing and Midwifery Council
The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) is the regulator for nursing and midwifery professions in the UK. The NMC maintains a register of all nurses, midwives and specialist community public health nurses and nursing associates eligible to practise within the UK. It sets and reviews standards for their education, training and performances. The NMC also investigates allegations of impaired fitness to practise (i.e. where these standards are not met).

It has been a statutory body since 2002, with a stated aim to protect the health and well-being of the public. The NMC is also a charity registered with the Charity Commission, charity number 1091434 and in Scotland with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator, charity number SC038362. All Council members are trustees of the charity.

Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator
The Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator (OSCR; Scottish Gaelic: Oifis Riaghladair Carthannais na h-Alba) is a non-ministerial department of the Scottish Government with responsibility for the regulation of charities in Scotland.

OSCR is the independent regulator and registrar for more than 25,000 Scottish charities. OSCR is charged with developing a regulatory framework for Scottish charities, where each charity is clear about its rights and responsibilities. This framework should also foster public confidence in charities. OSCR is directly answerable to the Scottish Parliament. OSCR is based in Dundee.
Charles Munnerlyn
Charles Munnerlyn (born 1940 in Shreveport, LA) is an American optical engineer. He constructed the first working excimer laser system for vision correction in 1985, and also developed the Munnerlyn Formula that dictates the amount of  corneal tissue to be removed by the laser to correct vision disorders such as myopia and astigmatism.  Munnerlyn is the founder of VISX, Incorporated, once the world's largest manufacturer of laser-based vision correction (LVC) systems.  VISX is now owned by Johnson & Johnson.

Refractive surgery
Refractive surgery is an optional eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and thereby decrease or eliminate dependency on glasses or contact lenses. This can include various methods of surgical remodeling of the cornea (keratomileusis), lens implantation or lens replacement. The most common methods today use excimer lasers to reshape the curvature of the cornea. Refractive eye surgeries are used to treat common vision disorders such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism.
María Cristina Ardila-Robayo
María Cristina Ardila-Robayo (15 February 1947–24 November 2017) was a Colombian herpetologist. She was professor at the National University of Colombia, Bogotá, and worked closely with the Natural History Museum of the university. In 2010 she was credited as having described 28 new species of amphibians from Colombia; as of late 2018, the Amphibian Species of the World lists 31 valid species described by her. She also worked with caimans and crocodiles and lead biodiversity restoration projects.

The following amphibians are named after her:

Pristimantis cristinae — Cristina's robber frog

Rhinella cristinae (a beaked toad)

Nymphargus cristinae (a glass frog)

Atelopus ardila (a harlequin toad)

Serranobatrachus cristinae
Serranobatrachus cristinae is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae.
It is endemic to Colombia.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane forests and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Hartwood, Virginia
Hartwood is an unincorporated community in Stafford County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a U.S. state.
Hartwood is located fifteen miles northwest of Fredericksburg.

The former Hartwood Airport is located near the community.

Hartwood Airport
Hartwood Airport is a former airport located in Fredericksburg, Virginia, United States. It was opened in 1969, and closed in 2010.

During the time it was active, it's FAA and ICAO airport codes were 8W8.

Hartwood Airport straddles a county border with its street address in Stafford County, Virginia and its hangar, office, and most of its runway in Fauquier County, Virginia.

It was popular for private pilot training and its parachute drop zone.

It is now a "test lane" facility operated by Unisys Corp. and the U.S. Customs and Border Protection agency. It is home to a simulated international border crossing where technology akin to an E-ZPass is being evaluated for use at border crossings.
Gertrude Zakaria
Gertrude Zakaria-Ali was a Ghanaian Deputy Minister of Local Government in 1982 under the PNDC led by Jerry John Rawlings. She is also known to be one of the founders of the 31st December Women's Movement currently led by Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings. She was the Director of Research at the National Commission for Civic Education.

National Commission for Civic Education
The National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE) is a public body in Ghana. The commission is responsible for the education of Ghanaians on civic matters. The commission was established by Act 452 of the Parliament of Ghana in 1993.
Begidyan
The Begidyan (Russian: Бегидян, also Бегиджян; Yakut: Бэгидьээн) is a river in Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is a right tributary of the Lena. The river has a length of 195 kilometres (121 mi) —262 km (163 mi) together with the Tarynnakh— and a drainage basin area of 3,910 square kilometres (1,510 sq mi).

The Begidyan flows across uninhabited territories of Zhigansky District. Its mouth is near Zhigansk, the district capital, located on the opposite bank of the Lena.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Gamtel FC
Gamtel Football Club is a Gambian football club based in Banjul and sponsored by Gamtel. They play in the top division in Gambian football, the Gambian Championnat National D1.

1 June 2015, Gamtel FC are champs for the first time.

In October 2023, Gamtel FC was sold to Senegalese football mogul Youssou Faal for 1.5 million dalasi and changed to Serekunda Football Club.

Gambian dalasi
The dalasi is the currency of The Gambia that was adopted in 1971. It is subdivided into 100 bututs. It replaced the Gambian pound at a rate of 1 pound per 5 dalasis, i.e. 1 dalasi equalling 0.2 pound or 4 shillings.

The derivative of dala is unknown. In numerous languages in the Francophonie, currency terms (including batut, dalasi, doromi, teemer) refer to the former 5 French West African franc note (the lowest denomination at the time), but to which the origins are not known. One speculated origin is a pronunciation of "dollar"; however, variants of dalasi in other Mandinka dialects (such as daasi) counter this speculation while butut is from Wolof butuut, "small thing".

As a result of inflation, butut coins have completely disappeared from circulation and the minimum monetary unit has become 50 butut.
Abington (townland)
Abington (Irish: Mainistir Uaithne) is a townland in the civil parish of Abington in County Limerick, Ireland. The ruins of the mediaeval Abbey of Woney are located in the local graveyard. The local Church of Ireland church, Saint John's church, designed by James Rawson Carroll and built in 1869, is in the Diocese of Limerick and Killaloe.

As of the 2011 census, Abington townland had a population of 139 people.

County Limerick
County Limerick (Irish: Contae Luimnigh) is a western county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is located in the Mid-West which comprises part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Limerick. Limerick City and County Council is the local council for the county. The county's population at the 2022 census was 209,536 of whom 102,287 lived in Limerick City, the county capital.
County Hall, Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire County Hall is a large municipal building located at Loughborough Road on the south bank of the River Trent at West Bridgford in Rushcliffe, Nottinghamshire, England. It is the headquarters of Nottinghamshire County Council which is the upper tier local authority and has jurisdiction across the whole of Nottinghamshire except the City of Nottingham which is administered independently by the unitary authority of Nottingham City Council. The county council's new-build headquarters near Hucknall, set to replace County Hall, held the first full meeting of councillors in March 2025.

Borough of Rushcliffe
Rushcliffe is a local government district with borough status in south Nottinghamshire, England. Its council is based in West Bridgford. The borough also includes the towns of Bingham and Cotgrave as well as numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Some of the built-up areas in the north-west of the borough, including West Bridgford, form part of the Nottingham Urban Area.

The neighbouring districts are Broxtowe, Nottingham, Gedling, Newark and Sherwood, Melton, Charnwood, North West Leicestershire and Erewash.
James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline
James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline FRSE PC (7 November 1776 – 17 April 1858), was a British barrister and Whig politician. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons between 1835 and 1839, the first Scottish MP to hold that position.

Colinton
Colinton is a suburb of Edinburgh, Scotland situated 3+1⁄2 miles (5.5 kilometres) southwest of the city centre. Up until the late 18th century it appears on maps as Collington. It is bordered by Dreghorn to the south and Craiglockhart to the north-east. To the north-west it extends to Lanark Road (the A70) and to the south-west to the City Bypass. Bonaly is a subsection of the area on its southern side.

Colinton is a designated conservation area.
Afghanistan at the Men's T20 World Cup
The Afghanistan national cricket team is one of the full members of the International Cricket Council (ICC). They became an affiliate member of ICC from 2001, and were granted associate membership in 2013. In 2017, Afghanistan was inducted as a full member. The team qualified for their first T20 World Cup in 2010, after winning the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier, and they have qualified for every edition of the tournament since then. In the seven editions that they have participated, the team has 12 wins in 32 matches.
Their best performance came in 2024 when they reached the semifinals of the tournament.

Gulbadin Naib
Gulbadin Naib (born 4 June 1991) is an Afghan cricketer. An all-rounder, Naib bats right-handed and bowls right-arm fast-medium. In April 2019, the Afghanistan Cricket Board (ACB) named Naib the team's new One Day International (ODI) captain ahead of the 2019 Cricket World Cup, replacing Asghar Afghan. However, following the Cricket World Cup, where Afghanistan lost all of their matches, Rashid Khan was named as the new captain of the Afghanistan cricket team across all three formats. Naib led Afghanistan to the silver medal in the 2022 Asian Games.
NetWorth
NetWorth, Inc. was an American computer networking hardware company active from 1985 to 1995 and based in Irving, Texas. The company manufactured equipment, mainly hubs, for Ethernet-based local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs) for most of its existence, becoming one of the top players in its field along with companies such as 3Com, SynOptics, and Cabletron. In 1995, Compaq acquired the company for $372 million, absorbing it within their networking products division shortly thereafter.

Wide area network
A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographic area. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits.

Businesses, as well as schools and government entities, use wide area networks to relay data to staff, students, clients, buyers and suppliers from various locations around the world. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily functions regardless of location. The Internet may be considered a WAN. Many WANs are, however, built for one particular organization and are private. WANs can be separated from local area networks (LANs) in that the latter refers to physically proximal networks.
Herman de Neyt
Herman de Neyt (12 March 1588 in Antwerp – 8 September 1642 in Delft) was a painter and art dealer active in Antwerp. At the time of his death the probate inventory of the items in his home, which included both his personal collection and art for the market, listed over 850 paintings. These included 15th-, 16th- and 17th-century works by Italian masters, earlier northern artists and contemporary Flemish painters. Peter Paul Rubens was well represented in his collection, while as a painter he trained Adriaen van Utrecht.

Delft
Delft (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɛl(ə)ft] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. It is located between Rotterdam, to the southeast, and The Hague, to the northwest. Together with them, it is a part of both the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area and the Randstad.

Delft is a popular tourist destination in the Netherlands, famous for its historical connections with the reigning House of Orange-Nassau, for its blue pottery, for being home to the painter Jan Vermeer, and for hosting Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). Historically, Delft played a highly influential role in the Dutch Golden Age. In terms of science and technology, thanks to the pioneering contributions of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Martinus Beijerinck, Delft can be considered to be the birthplace of microbiology.
Dajani
Dajani or al-Dajani is a Middle Eastern surname. Notable people with this name include:

Abdelrahman al-Dajani, 19th-century mayor of Jerusalem

Burhan Dajani (1921–2000), Palestinian academic

Dana Dajani, Palestinian actress and writer

Daniel Dajani (1906–1946), Albanian martyr

Geeby Dajani, American music producer with Stimulated Dummies

Jamal Dajani (born 1957), Palestinian-American journalist and television producer

Karma Dajani, Lebanese-Dutch mathematician

Kobi Dajani (born 1984), Israeli footballer

Nadia Dajani (born 1965), American actress of Irish and Palestinian ancestry

Nijmeddin Dajani, Jordanian economist and ambassador

Omar Dajani (born 1970), Palestinian-American legal scholar

Rana Dajani, Jordanian molecular biologist

Omar Dajani
Omar Dajani is a Palestinian-American professor and former member of the Palestine Liberation Organization's Negotiations Support Unit.

Dajani was born in Texas in 1970. He received his B.A. from Northwestern University in Illinois and his J.D. from Yale Law School.

In 1999, he left the United States to join the Palestine Liberation Organization's Negotiations Support Unit, where he worked as a senior legal advisor to the Palestinian Authority negotiating team. In 2001, Dajani left his post at the PLO to take a position as a political advisor to United Nations Special Envoy Terje Rød-Larsen, which he held until 2003.

Dajani is currently a professor of law at the University of the Pacific's McGeorge School of Law in Sacramento, California.