hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1902 Toronto municipal election
Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on January 6, 1902. In the mayoral election, Mayor Oliver Aiken Howland won a second term in office defeating William Findlay Maclean, a sitting Member of Parliament and founder of The Toronto World newspaper, who campaigned on a platform of public ownership, regulation and control over utilities such as waterworks, gasworks, electricity, and telephone, and the  privately owned Toronto Railway Company (which operated the cities streetcar routes), as well as promising nighttime and Sunday streetcar service, and against temperance measures. Maclean's intention of simultaneously holding both the mayoralty and a seat in the Canadian House of Commons was a factor in his defeat. Another issue that hurt Maclean was his support for softening Toronto's blue law to allow for Sunday streetcar service.  The third candidates was Charles Woodley who was the standard-bearer of the Socialist Labor Party.

Regulation
Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example:

in government, typically regulation (or its plural) refers to the delegated legislation which is adopted to enforce primary legislation; including land-use regulation

in economy: regulatory economics

in finance: financial regulation

in business, industry self-regulation occurs through self-regulatory organizations and trade associations which allow industries to set and enforce rules with less government involvement; and,

in biology, gene regulation and metabolic regulation allow living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis;

in psychology, self-regulation theory is the study of how individuals regulate their thoughts and behaviors to reach goals.
Ti amo non lo so dire
"Ti amo non lo so dire" (transl. "I'm not able to say 'I love you'") is a song recorded by Italian singer Noemi. It was released on 2 February 2022 through Columbia Records and Sony Music Italy.

The song competed during the 72nd Sanremo Music Festival, Italy's musical festival which doubles also as a selection of the act for Eurovision Song Contest, where it placed 15th in the grand final. The song peaked at number eleven on the FIMI Single Chart and was certified platinum by FIMI.

Sanremo Music Festival 2022
The Sanremo Music Festival 2022 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2022), officially the 72nd Italian Song Festival (72º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 72nd edition of the annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held at the Teatro Ariston in Sanremo, organised and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was held between 1 and 5 February 2022, and was presented for the third time in a row by Amadeus, who also served as the artistic director for the competition, alongside a number of co-hosts.

The festival was won by Mahmood and Blanco with "Brividi", earning them the right to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, held on home soil in Turin; Mahmood had previously won Sanremo in 2019 and had represented Italy in that year's Eurovision.
German submarine U-596
German submarine U-596 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 4 January 1941 by Blohm & Voss in Hamburg as yard number 572, launched on 17 September 1941 and commissioned on 13 November under Kapitänleutnant Gunter Jahn. He was replaced on 28 July 1943 by Oberleutnant zur See Victor-Whilhelm Nonn who was superseded by Oblt.z.S. Hans Kolbus in July 1944.

The boat's service began on 13 November 1941 with training as part of the 8th U-boat Flotilla. She was transferred to the 3rd flotilla on 1 July 1942 and moved on to the 29th flotilla on 19 November.

8th U-boat Flotilla
The 8th U-boat Flotilla (German 8. Unterseebootsflottille) was formed in June 1941 in Königsberg under the command of Kapitänleutnant Georg-Wilhelm Schulz, who also at this time commanded the 6th U-boat Flotilla in Danzig. It was primarily a training flotilla but in the last months of the war some flotilla boats were in combat against the Soviet Navy in the Baltic Sea. The flotilla was disbanded in January 1945.
GAZ Volga Siber
The GAZ Volga Siber (Russian: Волга Сайбер) is a four-door sedan manufactured by the Russian firm GAZ, introduced at the 2007 Moscow International Automobile Salon and marketed in a single generation for model years 2008 to 2010.

Manufactured under license from Chrysler, the Siber used the superseded platform and tooling from the second generation Chrysler Sebring/Dodge Stratus with slight design modifications executed by the British studio UltraMotive to its grille and headlights.  Other modifications were limited to a stiffer suspension and higher ground clearance.

The Siber was introduced at the start of the 2008 financial crisis, and though annual production of 40,000 vehicles had been planned, sales were not as expected and 9,000 had been manufactured by the time the Siber was discontinued after model year 2010.

Moscow International Automobile Salon
The Moscow International Automobile Salon or MIAS (Russian: Московский Международный Автомобильный Салон) was until 2018 the biennial auto show held at Crocus Expo in Moscow, Russia. The show is scheduled by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, which considers it a major international auto show. The organizers are the Association of Russian Carmakers NP and the Expo Centre. Numerous dealer conferences organized by car producers are forming the integral part of the program. In September 2010, it received the status of 'A' High Class Automobile Salon.
Sifton Park, Edmonton
Sifton Park is a residential neighbourhood in the Clareview area of north east Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The neighbourhood was named for Arthur Sifton, who served as the second premier of Alberta from 1910 until 1917.

The neighbourhood is bounded on the north by 137 Avenue, on the west by 50 Street, and on the east by 40 Street.  To the south the neighbourhood backs onto Kennedale Ravine.

Premier of Alberta
The premier of Alberta is the head of government and first minister of the Canadian province of Alberta. The current premier is Danielle Smith, leader of the governing United Conservative Party, who was sworn in on October 11, 2022.

The premier of Alberta is the leader of the legislative majority in the Alberta Legislature. The premier selects ministers of the Crown to the Executive Council of Alberta (the "cabinet") and as such is the head of the government in Alberta. The premier is the first minister representing Alberta towards the federal government and the other provinces and territories in Canada.

By constitutional convention the premier is normally a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
2013 Valencia, Bukidnon, local elections
The local elections of Valencia City was held on May 13, 2013 in conjunction with the Philippine general election. The voters elected several local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, and ten members of the sangguniang panlungsod. Each official is elected publicly to a 3-year term and can be re-elected up to 3 terms in succession.

In 2013, the city has 120,411 registered voters with a 24.25% increase from the 2010 statistics of 96,913 registered voters. Since Valencia City is a component city and is still in the jurisdiction of the Province of Bukidnon, its registered voters still need to vote for the provincial posts: the governor, vice-governor, one congressman, and two members of the sangguniang panlalawigan. Also in this elections, since Valencia is redistricted from the third to the newly created fourth legislative district of Bukidnon, its registered voters will now have to vote for a district representative coming from the latter instead of the former.

Sangguniang Panlalawigan
Sangguniang Panlalawigan (abbreviated as SP; lit. 'provincial council'), commonly known as the Provincial Board, are the legislatures in Philippine provinces. They are the legislative branches of the provinces, and their powers and responsibilities are defined by the Local Government Code of 1991. Along with the provincial governor, the executive branch of the province, they form the province's government.

Members are either called "board members" (BM) or "Sangguniang Panlalawigan members" (SPM). In Tagalog-speaking provinces, they are informally called "bokal".
Runaway Tram
Runaway Tram is a steel family roller coaster located on Morey's Piers' Surfside Pier in North Wildwood, New Jersey. The attraction replaced the aging Flitzer roller coaster and required the reconfiguration of several rides on the pier and represented a total investment of $4 million. Runaway Tram spoofs the Wildwood Sightseer Tramcar, a local yellow-and-blue trackless train service.

Legoland Billund Resort
Legoland Billund Resort (also known as Legoland Denmark), the original Legoland park, opened on 7 June 1968 in Billund, Denmark. The park is located next to the original Lego factory and Billund Airport, Denmark's second-busiest airport. Over 1.9 million guests visited the park in 2011, and 50 million guests have visited the park since it opened. This makes Legoland the largest tourist attraction in Denmark outside Copenhagen. The Legoland parks that have since been built are modelled upon Legoland Billund, most noticeably the Miniland area, which is made up of millions of plastic Lego bricks.
Pietro Paolo Cristofari
Pietro Paolo Cristofari (1685–1743) was a late-Baroque Italian mosaicist active in Rome, and the son of Fabio Cristofari. He became the first director of the Vatican mosaic studio, responsible for decorating the domes and altars in St. Peter's Basilica. Under his leadership he personally made mosaic altarpieces after the paintings of artists such as Giovanni Francesco Romanelli, Guercino, Domenichino, and Nicolas Poussin.

Guercino
Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (8 February 1591 – 22 December 1666), better known as (il) Guercino (Italian pronunciation: [ɡwerˈtʃiːno] ⓘ), was an Italian Baroque painter and draftsman from Cento in the Emilia region, who was active in Rome and Bologna. The vigorous naturalism of his early manner contrasts with the classical equilibrium of his later works. His many drawings are noted for their luminosity and lively style.
Cheruvathur Mahadeva Temple
Cheruvathur Sri Mahadeva Temple, located in Kunnamkulam town of Thrissur district of Kerala. The presiding deity of the temple is Shiva, located in main sanctum sanatorium facing east. According to folklore, sage Parasurama has installed the idol. The temple is a part of the 108 famous Shiva temples in Kerala. Most of the ancient temples in Kerala have some mythology narrating its origin. Cheruvathur Sri Mahadeva Temple has numerous legends connecting to its popularity to this day. Most prominent legend is that it is one of the 108 Siva temples of Kerala established by sage Parasurama. Lord Mahadeva in Cheruvathur is worshipped as "Cheruvathurappan" in this temple. The East facing Sanctum sanctorum is placed here in the shape of circular with copper roof.

Sanctum sanctorum
The Latin phrase sanctum sanctorum is a translation of the Hebrew term קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים (Qṓḏeš HaQŏḏāšîm), literally meaning Holy of Holies, in Latin texts, this generally refers to the holiest place of the Ancient Israelites, inside the Tabernacle and later inside the Temple in Jerusalem. However, the term also has some derivative use in application to imitations of the Tabernacle in church architecture.

The plural form sancta sanctorum is also used, arguably as a synecdoche, referring to the holy relics in the sanctuary. The Vulgate translation of the Bible uses sancta sanctorum for the Holy of Holies. Hence, the derivative usage denotes the Sancta Sanctorum chapel in the complex of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, Rome.

The Garbhagriha in Hindu temples has been compared to a sanctum sanctorum, and is sometimes translated into English as such.
C. C. Downey
Clarence C. Downey, QC (1897-June 8, 1982) was a Canadian lawyer and municipal politician in Toronto, Ontario.

He was born in Toronto, Ontario, and was educated at the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall Law School. He lived in the Toronto suburb of Swansea, and served on the Swansea Village Council from 1928 until 1945, as Councillor, Deputy Reeve, and Reeve. He was the senior partner in the law firm of Downey, Shand and Robertson, and was made a King's Counsel in 1941. He was appointed a TTC Commissioner in 1960, and served as chairman from 1960 to 1963. He remained a Commissioner until 1968.

Swansea, Toronto
Swansea is a neighbourhood in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, bounded on the west by the Humber River, on the north by Bloor Street, on the east by High Park  and on the south by Lake Ontario. The neighbourhood was originally a separate municipality, the Village of Swansea, which became part of Metropolitan Toronto in 1953.

Swansea is represented by Ward 4 Parkdale—High Park along with the federal and provincial ridings of Parkdale—High Park and the postal code is M6S. It is patrolled by the 11 Division of the Toronto Police Service.
Teemu Turunen
Teemu Oskari Turunen (born 19 January 1986) is a Finnish football agent and a former footballer who played as a midfielder. He made his debut in Veikkausliiga in 2004 for KooTeePee. Turunen is a member of Finland national under-21 football team and he has visited the training camps of several foreign professional teams including Udinese, Rangers F.C., and SC Heerenveen. Teemu's younger brother Tuomo is also a former footballer.

Since his retirement at the age of 25, Turunen studied law at the University of Helsinki, and has worked as an agent. He has represented his childhood friend Teemu Pukki.

Sports agent
A sports agent is a legal representative for professional athletes and coaches who negotiates employment and endorsement contracts on their behalf. Sports agents may also assist with financial planning, legal coordination, and marketing matters, often working alongside lawyers, accountants, and brand managers.
Château de Nérac
The Château de Nérac is a castle in the Lot-et-Garonne département in southwest France. An edifice of the French Renaissance style, it was finished during the reign of Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre, daughter of Marguerite d'Angoulème who was also Marguerite de Navarre by her marriage to Henry II of Navarre.

The castle has been listed as a Monument historique since 1862 by the French Ministry of Culture.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.
Minister of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia
The Minister of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს ეკონომიკისა და მდგრადი განვითარების მინისტრი, romanized: sakartvelos ek'onomik'isa da mdgradi ganvitarebis minist'ri) is the head of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development, an agency in charge of regulating economic activities in the country. The position is equivalent to the minister of the economy in other countries, like the Permanent Secretary to the Treasury in the United Kingdom or Secretary of Commerce in the United States. The incumbent minister is Levan Davitashvili.

Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development (Georgia)
The Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development (Georgian: საქართველოს ეკონომიკური განვითარების სამინისტრო) is a ministry of the government of Georgia in charge of regulating economic activity in the country. Its head office is in Tbilisi. It is currently headed by Mariam Kvrivishvili.
Kapunda Football Club
Kapunda Football Club, nicknamed The Lachbombers, is an Australian rules football club, based in Kapunda, South Australia, that competes in the Barossa Light & Gawler Football Association.

The club is currently coached by Michael McCarthy. The current president is Matthew Ryan. The club is based at Dutton Park in Kapunda. The club song is "A Bomber For You". The club fields teams in the A Grade, Reserves, Senior Colts, Junior Colts, Under 13's, under 11's and under 9's grades. The club's Bomber Blasts newspaper column features weekly during the season written by "Bomber Stud", featuring a quick review of the club's games, news and upcoming events.

Kapunda
Kapunda is a town on the Light River near the Barossa Valley in South Australia. It was established after a discovery in 1842 of significant copper deposits. The population was 2,917 at the 2016 Australian census.

The southern entrance to the town has been dominated since 1988 by the 8-metre (26 ft) statue of Map Kernow ("the son of Cornwall"), a traditional Cornish miner. The statue was destroyed by a fire in June 2006 but was rebuilt.
Sylvie Dézarnaud
Sylvie Dézarnaud (born 23 February 1964) is a French politician who is member of the National Assembly for Isère's 7th constituency. Following the appointment of Yannick Neuder to the post of Minister responsible for Health and Access to Care, Sylvie Dézarnaud replaced him as deputy for this constituency as his substitute.

Isère's 7th constituency
The 7th constituency of Isère is one of ten French legislative constituencies in the Isère département.

After the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies added a tenth constituency to Isère, the 7th constituency consists of the (pre-2015 cantonal re-organisation)
cantons of Beaurepaire, La Côte-Saint-André, Grand-Lemps, Roybon, Saint-Etienne-de-Saint-Geoirs, Saint-Jean-de-Bournay, Virieu and part of Roussillon.
Shimotakai District, Nagano
Shimotakai (下高井郡, Shimotakai-gun) is a district located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 25,179 with a density of 59.50 persons per km2. The total area is 423.19 km2.

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.
Candice Odgers
Candice Lynn Odgers (born 1976) is a Canadian developmental and quantitative psychologist with expertise in influences adolescent mental health. Odgers currently serves as the associate dean for research and faculty development at the School of Social Ecology at the University of California, Irvine (UCI), where she has been a professor of psychological science since 2016. and a research professor at Duke University. Odgers is also the co-director of the Child and Brain Development Program at the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and runs the Adaptlab at UCI. In 2025, she was named the chancellor's professor in the department of psychological science at UCI.

School of Social Ecology
The School of Social Ecology (SSE) is a school at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) that focuses on social ecology. Students in SSE at UCI undergo a multidisciplinary program that examines real-world social and environmental issues, involves the students in off-campus internships and SSE offers undergraduate and graduate degrees, including bachelor's, professional master's, and Ph.D.s.

The school has three departments: Criminology, Law and Society; Psychological Science (prior to Fall 2019 known as Psychology and Social Behavior); and Urban Planning and Public Policy. It is also home to approximately 70 faculty, 2,500 undergraduate students, 300 graduate students, and over 20,000 alumni; it offers five undergraduate degrees and eight graduate degrees, including two professional degrees. It is the third-largest school at UCI by population.
Xingnan Subdistrict
Xingnan Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 兴南街道; traditional Chinese: 興南街道; pinyin: Xìngnán Jiēdào) is a subdistrict situated on the northeast of Nankai District, Tianjin, China. It borders Gulou Subdistrict to its north, Nanshi and Quanyechang Subdistricts to its east. Wanxing Subdistrict to its south, Guangkai Subdistrict to its west. In the year 2010, the subdistrict had 43,744 inhabitants under its administration.

The subdistrict was created from Paotaizhuang and Nanmenxi Subdistricts in 1999. Its name Xingnan (Chinese: 兴南; lit. 'Prosper South') was given with the intended meaning of "Make Nankai District Prosperous".

Nankai, Tianjin
Nankai District (Chinese: 南开区; pinyin: Nánkāi Qū) is a district of Tianjin, People's Republic of China. Nankai District borders the Hai River in the east and Chentangzhuang Railway in the west and south.

A number of important Tianjin landmarks lie in the district including the Tianjin Museum, Tianjin Radio and Television Tower, Tianjin Water Park, Tianjin Zoo and Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium. Nankai is also home to the city's most prestigious educational institutions including Tianjin University and Nankai University. The Tianjin New Technology Industrial Area, a 12 square km precinct, is also located in Nankai.
Baker's map
In dynamical systems theory, the baker's map  is a chaotic map from the unit square into itself. It is named after a kneading operation that bakers apply to dough: the dough is cut in half, and the two halves are stacked on one another, and compressed.

The baker's map can be understood as the bilateral shift operator of a bi-infinite two-state lattice model. The baker's map is topologically conjugate to the horseshoe map. In physics, a chain of coupled baker's maps can be used to model deterministic  diffusion.

As with many deterministic dynamical systems, the baker's map is studied by its action on the space of functions defined on the unit square.  The baker's map defines an operator on the space of functions, known as the transfer operator of the map. The baker's map is an exactly solvable model of deterministic chaos, in that the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the transfer operator can be explicitly determined.

Function space
In mathematics, a function space is a set of functions between two fixed sets. Often, the domain and/or codomain will have additional structure which is inherited by the function space. For example, the set of functions from any set X into a vector space has a natural vector space structure given by pointwise addition and scalar multiplication. In other scenarios, the function space might inherit a topological or metric structure, hence the name function space. Often in mathematical jargon, especially in analysis or geometry, a function could refer to a map of the form  or  where  is the space in question. Whilst other maps of the form  between any two spaces are simply referred to as maps. Example of this can be the space of compactly supported functions on a topological space. However in a larger context a function space could just consist of a set of functions (set theoretically) equipped with possibly some extra structure.