hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michigan's 32nd Senate district
Michigan's 32nd Senate district is one of 38 districts in the Michigan Senate. The 32nd district was created by the 1850 Michigan Constitution, as the 1835 constitution only permitted  a maximum of eight senate districts. It has been represented by Republican Jon Bumstead since 2023, succeeding fellow Republican Kenneth Horn.

Constitution of Michigan
The Constitution of the State of Michigan is the governing document of the U.S. state of Michigan. It describes the structure and function of the state's government.

There have been four constitutions approved by the people of Michigan. The first was approved on October 5 and 6, 1835, written as Michigan was preparing to become a state of the Union, which occurred in January 1837. Subsequent constitutions were ratified in 1850 and 1908. The current constitution was approved by voters in 1963.
Alanganallur taluka
10°02′46″N 078°05′13″E﻿ / ﻿10.04611°N 78.08694°E﻿ / 10.04611; 78.08694
Alanganallur revenue block in the Madurai district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 37 panchayat villages. It has the same name and boundaries as the revenue block.

Madurai district
Madurai district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India. The city of Madurai serves as the district headquarters. It houses the famous Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple and is situated on the banks of the river Vaigai. Thiruparankundram is one of the major tourist places in the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,038,252 with a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. Aside from the city of Madurai, the larger towns of the district include Melur, Vadipatti, Thirumangalam, Thirupparankundram, Peraiyur, and Usilampatti.
Pedro Cuesta
Pedro Cuesta (born 23 March 1945) is a Spanish sprint canoeist who competed during the late 1960s. He was eliminated in the repechages of the K-4 1000 m event at the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City.

Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's K-4 1000 metres
The men's K-4 1000 metres event was a fours kayaking event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics program. In the official report, heat results were shown in tenths of a second (0.1) while the remaining events were shown in hundredths of a second (0.01).
Long metre
Long metre or long measure, abbreviated as L.M. or LM, is a poetic metre consisting of four-line stanzas, or quatrains, in iambic tetrameter with alternate rhyme pattern ABAB. The term is also used in the closely related area of hymn metres. When the poem is used as a sung hymn, the metre of the text is denoted by the syllable count of each line; for long metre, the count is denoted by 8.8.8.8, 88.88, or 88 88, depending on style.

Quatrain
A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines.

Existing in a variety of forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including Persia, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and China, and continues into the 21st century, where it is seen in works published in many languages.

This form of poetry has been continually popular in Iran since the medieval period, as Ruba'is form; an important faction of the vast repertoire of Persian poetry, with famous poets such as Omar Khayyam and Mahsati Ganjavi of Seljuk Persia writing poetry only in this format.

Michel de Nostredame (Nostradamus) used the quatrain form to deliver his famous "prophecies" in the 16th century.

There are fifteen possible rhyme schemes, but the most traditional and common are ABAA, AAAA, ABAB, and ABBA.
Medical care ratio
Medical care ratio (MCR), also known as medical cost ratio, medical loss ratio, and medical benefit ratio, is a metric used in managed health care and health insurance to measure medical costs as a percentage of premium revenues. It is a type of loss ratio, which is a common metric in insurance measuring the percentage of premiums paid out in claims rather than expenses and profit provision. It is calculated by dividing those premiums allocated for fully insured or self-funded health care coverage into the total expenses for inpatient, professional (physicians and other licensed providers), outpatient, and pharmacy. (Briefly, MCR = Costs/Premiums.) As a general rule, a medical cost ratio of 85% or less is desirable. Some insurers now call MCR benefit–cost ratio (BCR). In the United States, the term is medical loss ratio.

Self-funded health care
Self-funded health care, also known as Administrative Services Only (ASO), is a self insurance arrangement in the United States whereby an employer provides health or disability benefits to employees using the company's own funds. This is different from fully insured plans  where the employer contracts an insurance company to cover the employees and dependents.

In self-funded health care, the employer assumes the direct risk for payment of the claims for benefits. The terms of eligibility and covered benefits are set forth in a plan document which includes provisions similar to those found in a typical group health insurance policy.  Unless exempted, such plans create rights and obligations under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA").
North Alabama annual conference
The North Alabama Conference is an Annual Conference (a regional episcopal area, similar to a diocese) of the United Methodist Church.

This conference serves approximately 300 UMCs in the northern half of the state of Alabama, with its administrative offices and the office of the bishop located in Birmingham, AL. It is part of the Southeastern Jurisdictional Conference. The bishop is the Reverend L. Jonathan Holston.

Episcopal polity
An episcopal polity, also known as episcopalianism, is a hierarchical form of church governance in which the chief local authorities are called bishops. The word "bishop" here is derived via the British Latin and Vulgar Latin term *ebiscopus/*biscopus, from Ancient Greek  ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos) 'overseer'. It is the structure used by many of the major Christian Churches and denominations, such as the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Church of the East, Anabaptist, Lutheran, and Anglican churches or denominations, and other churches founded independently from these lineages. Many Methodist denominations have a form of episcopal polity known as connexionalism.
Makary, Cameroon
Makary is a town in Logone-et-Chari, Far North Region, Cameroon, West Africa. The town is located on the right (east) bank of a distributary of the Chari River in the delta just before it enters Lake Chad. The people are known as Kotoko, and the local language is Mpade; Fulani (Fulfulde) is the trade language. The primary economic activity was and is fishing.

Far North Region (Cameroon)
The Far North Region, also known as the Extreme North Region (from French: Région de l'Extrême-Nord.) (Fulfulde : woilare  ), is the northernmost and most populous constituent province of the Republic of Cameroon. It borders the North Region to the south, Chad to the east, and Nigeria to the west. The capital is Maroua.

The province is one of Cameroon's most culturally diverse. Over 50 different ethnic groups populate the area, including the Shuwa Arabs, Fulani, and Kapsiki. Most inhabitants speak the Fulani language Fulfulde, Chadian Arabic, and French.
Exhuma
Exhuma (Korean: 파묘; RR: Pamyo) is a 2024 South Korean horror film written and directed by Jang Jae-hyun, and starring Choi Min-sik, Kim Go-eun, Yoo Hae-jin and Lee Do-hyun. The film includes mystery and occult elements, and follows the process of excavating an ominous grave, which unleashes dreadful consequences buried underneath.

Exhuma premiered in the Forum section at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival on February 16, 2024. It was released theatrically on February 22 and received positive reviews from critics. The film grossed $93.9 million worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing South Korean film of 2024 and the sixth highest-grossing South Korean film of all time.

Showbox
Showbox Co., Ltd. (Korean: 쇼박스) is a South Korean film distribution and production company. It is one of the largest film distribution companies in South Korea, founded in 1999. Showbox is the film investment, production and distribution branch of Mediaplex, Inc., entertainment arm of Orion Group and Kumho Asiana Group. Its main competitors for domestic box office are CJ Entertainment, Lotte Entertainment and Next Entertainment World. Despite having very short history in the industry, they managed to have top 6 of 10 blockbusters in Korean box office history, number 1 being 2012's The Thieves.
Kocherga
Kocherga (Russian: Кочерга, Ukrainian: Кочерга, meaning fire iron) is a gender-neutral Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anatoly Kocherga (born 1947), Ukrainian opera singer

Sergei Sholokhov (born Kocherga in 1980), Russian football player

Sergei Sholokhov
Sergei Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (Russian: Серге́й Александрович Шолохов; born 6 September 1980) is a former Russian professional football player. Before 2004 he was known as Sergei Kocherga (Russian: Серге́й Кочерга).
CVIPtools
CVIP  has the ability to read various image formats, including TIFF, PNG, GIF, JPEG, BMP, and RAW formats. It supports standard image processing functions, image compression, restoration, logical and arithmetical operations between images, contrast manipulation, image sharpening, frequency transformation, edge detection, segmentation, and geometric transformations.

Image compression
Image compression is a type of data compression applied to digital images, to reduce their cost for storage or transmission. Algorithms may take advantage of visual perception and the statistical properties of image data to provide superior results compared with generic data compression methods which are used for other digital data.
Crempog
A crempog (plural: crempogau) is a Welsh pancake made with flour, buttermilk, eggs, vinegar and salted butter. Traditionally made on bakestones or griddles, the crempog is one of the oldest recipes in Wales. They are also known as ffroes, pancos and cramoth and are normally served thickly piled into a stack and spread with butter. It is traditionally served at celebrations in Wales, such as Shrove Tuesday and birthdays.

Vinegar
Vinegar (from Old French  vyn egre 'sour wine') is an odorous aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings or naturally occurring organic compounds. Vinegar typically contains from 4% to 18% acetic acid by volume.

Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation—converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria. Many types of vinegar are made, depending on source materials.

The product is now mainly used in the culinary arts as a flavorful, acidic cooking ingredient, salad dressing, or pickling agent. Various types are used as condiments or garnishes, including balsamic vinegar and malt vinegar.

As an easily manufactured mild acid, it has a wide variety of industrial and domestic uses, including functioning as a household cleaner.
Richard West (cricketer, born 1916)
Richard West (8 April 1916 – 18 June 1983) was an English first-class cricketer.

West was born in April 1916 at Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire. He was educated at Rugby School, before going up to Brasenose College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1936 and 1937, making eight appearances. Playing as a right-arm fast-medium bowler, he took 28 wickets at an average of 24.60. He took one five wicket haul, with figures of 5 for 74 against the British Army cricket team in 1937. A tailend batsman, he scored 43 runs with a high score of 18. In addition to playing first-class cricket for Oxford, West trialled for Surrey in 1935, but was unable to secure a place in their first team. He died in June 1983 at Dry Sandford, Berkshire.

Rugby School
Rugby School is a private boarding school for pupils aged 13–18, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire in England.

Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. Up to 1667, the school remained in comparative obscurity. Its re-establishment by Thomas Arnold during his time as Headmaster, from 1828 to 1841, was seen as the forerunner of the Victorian public school. It was one of nine schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission of 1864 and later regulated as one of the seven schools included in the Public Schools Act 1868. Originally a boys' school, it became fully co-educational in 1992.

The school's alumni – or "Old Rugbeians" – include a UK prime minister, a French prime minister, several bishops, poets, scientists, writers and soldiers.

Rugby School is the birthplace of rugby football.
Balithum
Balithum  is a town and municipality in Gulmi District in the Lumbini Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3592 persons living in 709 individual households.

Gulmi District
28°4′N 83°15′E﻿ / ﻿28.067°N 83.250°E﻿ / 28.067; 83.250

Gulmi District (Nepali: गुल्मी जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Tamghas as its headquarters, covers an area of 1,149 km2 (444 sq mi), had a population of 296,654 in 2001, 280,160 in 2011 and 268,597 in 2016.
It Happens Only In India
It Happens Only in India is a show featured on the Fox Traveller channel in India. It showcases various cities of India and is hosted by actress Sugandha Garg (formerly hosted by Malishka), who also performs the title song. The show was first aired on the channel in 2009 and is part of the history series Mera India, which has aired various shows over a period of time. In this show, Sugandha gets to talk to various people who give her information about the town she is touring. Actor Abhishek Bachchan also came on the show when the former host, Malishka, was touring Mumbai.

StarLife (India)
Star Life was an Indian pay television channel operated by JioStar, a subsidiary of Disney India. HD feed along with SD have been discontinued from 15 March 2025.

Star Life was aimed at viewers in India and other neighbouring countries including Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. It was available in English, Hindi, Tamil and Bengali.
The Original Recordings 1983–1984
The Original Recordings 1983–1984 is a compilation album by British-American rock band Katrina and the Waves, released on 14 October 2003 by Canadian label Bongo Beat. It compiles for the first time on CD all twenty tracks from the band's first two Canadian-only albums, Walking on Sunshine (1983) and Katrina and the Waves 2 (1984), as well as four previously unreleased bonus tracks. It also includes a DVD featuring live footage and music videos.

Kimberley Rew
Kimberley Charles Rew (born 3 December 1951) is an English rock singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was a member of Katrina and the Waves from 1981 to 1999 and of Robyn Hitchcock's The Soft Boys from 1978 to 1981. For Katrina and the Waves, he wrote "Walking on Sunshine" and "Love Shine a Light". The latter was performed as the United Kingdom's entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1997, taking the country to its first victory in the contest since 1981.
East Regional League (rugby union)
The East Regional League (currently named the Arnold Clark East League for sponsorship reasons) is one of three Scottish Regional Leagues operated by the Scottish Rugby Union, which play at a level below that of the Scottish National Leagues structure.  Originally, these divisions were district leagues under the jurisdiction of the Edinburgh & District Union and the Scottish Borders Union.

Winners of the top division progress to Scottish National League Division Four.

Scottish Rugby Union
The Scottish Rugby Union (SRU; Scottish Gaelic: Aonadh Rugbaidh na h-Alba) is the governing body of rugby union in Scotland. Now marketed as Scottish Rugby, it is the second-oldest Rugby Union, having been founded in 1873. The SRU oversees the national league system, known as the Scottish League Championship, and the Scottish National teams. The SRU is headed by the President (Keith Wallace) and Chairman (John McGuigan), with Mark Dodson acting as the chief executive officer. Dee Bradbury became the first female president of a Tier 1 rugby nation upon her appointment on 4 August 2018.
Eric Barnard (politician)
Eric Walter Barnard AM (13 July 1924 – 21 April 2017) was an Australian politician.

Barnard was born in Mole Creek, Tasmania. He was the nephew of Claude Barnard and the cousin of Lance Barnard, also politicians.

He joined the Royal Australian Navy on 29 June 1942, training at HMAS Cerberus then did radar plot training at HMAS Rushcutter in Sydney. He had further training in HMAS Quiberon and HMAS Napier, and served in HMAS Quickmatch from July 1943. He served in HMAS Shropshire from April 1945 until his discharge on 1 March 1946.

In 1959 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as a Labor member for Franklin. He served as Speaker from 1972 to 1975 and as Minister for Primary Industry from 1975 to 1979, when he resigned his seat and left politics.

He was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1980. In 2001, he was awarded the Centenary Medal in honour of his service to the community.

HMAS Quickmatch
HMAS Quickmatch (G92/D21/D292/F04) was a Q-class destroyer operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Although commissioned into the RAN in 1942, the ship was initially the property of the Royal Navy. Quickmatch served with both the British Eastern Fleet and British Pacific Fleet during World War II. In the 1950s, the destroyer was converted into an anti-submarine frigate. In 1957, Quickmatch operated in support of Malaya during the Malayan Emergency. The ship remained in service until 1963, and after use as an accommodation ship, was sold for scrap in 1972.
Bebb
Bebb is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Bebb (1856–1942), leading Seattle architect

Dewi Bebb (1936–1996), Welsh rugby union player who won thirty four caps for Wales as a winger

Guto Bebb (born 1969), former Welsh MP For Aberconwy

Gwyneth Bebb (1889–1921), Plaintiff in British 1913 testcase to open legal profession to women

Llewellyn John Montfort Bebb (1862–1915), British academic

Michael Schuck Bebb (1833–1895), amateur systematic botanist and salicologist in America and Europe

Maurice R. Bebb (1891–1986), etcher and printmaker of the American Midwest

Peter Bebb, special effects artist

Richard Bebb (1927–2006), English actor of stage, screen and radio

William Ambrose Bebb (1894–1955), Welsh language writer, critic and scholar

William Bebb (1802–1873), Whig politician from Ohio

Gwyneth Bebb
Gwyneth Marjorie Bebb, OBE (27 October 1889 – 9 October 1921) (later Mrs Thomson) was an English lawyer.  She was the claimant in Bebb v. The Law Society, a test case in the opening of the legal profession to women in Britain. She was expected to be the first woman to be called to the bar in England; in the event, her early death prevented that, and Ivy Williams was the first woman to qualify as a barrister in England, in May 1922.
Hardanger District Court
Hardanger District Court (Norwegian: Hardanger tingrett) was a district court in the Hardanger region of Vestland county, Norway. The court was based in the village of Lofthus in Ullensvang Municipality, but it also has courts in Norheimsund and Odda. The court existed from 1919 until 2021. It had jurisdiction over the municipalities of Eidfjord, Kvam, Ullensvang, and Ulvik. Cases from this court could be appealed to Gulating Court of Appeal.

The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court included death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court were heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

Trial court
A trial court or court of first instance is a court having original jurisdiction, in which trials take place. Appeals from the decisions of trial courts are usually heard by higher courts with the power of appellate review (appellate courts). Most appellate courts do not have the authority to hear testimony or take evidence, but instead rule solely on matters of law.

In the trial court, evidence and testimony are admitted under the rules of evidence established by applicable procedural law and determinations called findings of fact are made based on the evidence. The court, presided over by one or more judges, makes findings of law based upon the applicable law. In most common law jurisdictions, the trial court often sits with a jury and one judge; in such jury trials, the jury acts as trier of fact. In some cases, the judge or judges act as triers of both fact and law, by either statute, custom, or agreement of the parties; this is referred to as a bench trial.
Ninety-five Theses
The Ninety-five Theses or Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences is a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther, then a professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg, Germany. The Theses are retrospectively considered to have launched the Protestant Reformation and the birth of Protestantism, despite various quasi- or proto-Protestant groups having existed previously.

The Theses are framed as propositions to be argued in an academic debate rather than necessarily representing Luther's opinions. They aired contemporary theological misgivings about the theory and practice of indulgences and their relation to repentance, penance and papal authority: this was triggered by the scandal of certain Catholic clergy, who were supposedly selling plenary indulgences in Germany, which were certificates supposed to reduce the temporal punishment in purgatory for sins committed by the saved  purchasers or their loved ones.

Proto-Protestantism
Proto-Protestantism, also called pre-Protestantism, refers to individuals and movements that propagated various ideas later associated with Protestantism before 1517, which historians usually regard as the starting year for the Reformation era. The relationship between medieval sects and Protestantism is an issue that has been debated by historians.

Successionism is the further idea that these proto-Protestants are evidence of a continuous hidden church of true believers, despite their manifest differences in belief.
Palani Vaughan
Palani Vaughan (May 27, 1944 – December 8, 2016) was a Hawaiian musician. During his career, he was a featured artist on Hawaii Calls. KCCN radio included his songs "Ipo Lei Manu", "Ka Mamakakaua", "Eia No Kawika/Kalakaua He Inoa", "He Pua Wehiwa", "Ku‘i Ka Lono", "Ia Oe E Ka La" and "He‘eia" among its list of best songs created by Hawaiian artists.  He and Peter Moon were founding members of Sunday Manoa. He was inducted into the Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame in 2008.

Vaughan was recognized as an authority on Hawaiian culture, and formed the King's Own musical group as a tribute to King Kalākaua. He was part of the 1985 committee that created the bronze statue of Kalākaua located at the fork in the road splitting Kalakaua and Kuhio avenues in Waikiki. He died on December 8, 2016, aged 72 due to amyloidosis, a heart condition caused by abnormal amyloid protein buildup in organs.

KCCN-FM
KCCN-FM (100.3 FM, "KCCN FM100") is a commercial Hawaiian contemporary hit radio station. The SummitMedia outlet broadcasts with ERP of 100 kW. The station's studios are located in Downtown Honolulu and its transmitter is located near Akupu. It also transmits on Oceanic Spectrum digital channel 852 for the entire state of Hawaii.