hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amdahl's law
In computer architecture, Amdahl's law (or Amdahl's argument) is a formula limiting the speedup of a task as resources are added to the system executing that task.

The law can be stated as:

the overall performance improvement gained by optimizing a single part of a system is limited by the fraction of time that the improved part is actually used.

It is named after computer scientist Gene Amdahl, and was presented at the American Federation of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS) Spring Joint Computer Conference in 1967.

Amdahl's law is often used in parallel computing to predict the theoretical speedup when using multiple processors.

American Federation of Information Processing Societies
The American Federation of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS) was an umbrella organization of professional societies established on May 10, 1961, and dissolved  in 1990. Its mission was to advance knowledge in the field of information science, and to represent its member societies in international forums.
Why's Everybody Always Pickin' on Me?
"Why's Everybody Always Pickin' on Me?" is the third single off the Bloodhound Gang's second album One Fierce Beer Coaster. The song samples "Spooky" by Classics IV and "Never Let Me Down Again" by Depeche Mode. It also samples "Stormy" by Gabor Szabo. The title is borrowed from the classic 1959 song "Charlie Brown" performed by The Coasters, in which a school troublemaker complains about being picked upon when his schemes backfire.

The Coasters
The Coasters are an American rhythm and blues/rock and roll vocal group who had a string of hits in the late 1950s. With hits including "Searchin'", "Young Blood", "Charlie Brown", "Poison Ivy", and "Yakety Yak", their most memorable songs were written by the songwriting and producing team of Leiber and Stoller. Although the Coasters originated outside of mainstream doo-wop, their records were so frequently imitated that they became an important part of the doo-wop legacy through the 1960s.   In 1987, they were the first group inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Doddington Hall, Cheshire
Doddington Hall is a country house in Doddington Park in the civil parish of Doddington, Cheshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.  The house was built for Rev Sir Thomas Broughton between 1777 and 1798 to a design by Samuel Wyatt.  It was built to replace an older house, of which Delves Hall was a part, a short distance to the north.  The house is constructed of Keuper sandstone ashlar with a slate roof and lead flashings in three storeys. It is in neoclassical style with an entrance front of nine bays.

It is the seat of the Broughton baronets.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
Succinea
Succinea, common name the amber snails, is a large genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Succineidae.

The common name refers to the fact that live snails in this genus are translucent and similar to amber in appearance.

Henry Augustus Pilsbry
Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study.  He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a century. For much of his career, his authority with respect to the classification of certain substantial groups of organisms was unchallenged: barnacles, chitons, North American terrestrial mollusks, and others.
Living and Dying in 3/4 Time
Living and Dying in ¾ Time is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett. It is the second major label album in Buffett's Don Gant-produced "Key West phase".  It was initially released in February 1974 as his second album for Dunhill Records. It contains the song "Come Monday", his first top-40 hit single. Dunhill made a concerted effort to promote this album using the money they made from Jim Croce's incredible record sales after his untimely death the previous September.

Singer-songwriter
A singer-songwriter is a musician who writes, composes, and performs their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. In the United States, the category is built on the folk-acoustic tradition with a guitar, although this role has transmuted through different eras of popular music. Traditionally, these musicians would write and sing songs personal to them. Singer-songwriters often provide the sole musical accompaniment to an entire song. The piano is also an instrument of choice.
York North
York North was a federal riding in Ontario, Canada, that was in the House of Commons of Canada from Confederation in 1867 until 2004.

The federal riding was eliminated in 2003 when it was redistributed between two new ridings of Newmarket—Aurora and York—Simcoe. Another small section was incorporated into Oak Ridges—Markham. The riding covered the northern suburbs of the city of Toronto often including such towns as Aurora, Vaughan, Newmarket, Richmond Hill and Markham. The borders changed often, however, most notably in 1996 when the riding was so altered that it contained very little of the same territory as before.

Vaughan
Vaughan (/vɑːn/ vawn) (2021 population 323,103) is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Regional Municipality of York, just north of Toronto. Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006 with its population increasing by 80.2% during this time period and having nearly doubled in population since 1991. In 2021, the population of Vaughan was 323,103. It is the fifth-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area, and the 17th-largest city in Canada.
Channel 43 digital TV stations in the United States
The following television stations broadcast on digital channel 43 in the United States:

K43HD-D in Quanah, Texas, to move to channel 35

K43JQ-D in Bismarck, North Dakota, to move to channel 23

K43MH-D in Vesta, Minnesota, to move to channel 34, on virtual channel 50

The following stations, which are no longer licensed, formerly broadcast on digital channel 43 in the U.S.:

K43AG-D in Edwards, California

K43ED-D in New Mobeetie, Texas

K43EG-D in Pitkin, Colorado

K43LV-D in Chalfant Valley, California

K43NU-D in Follett, Texas

K43NZ-D in Port Orford, Oregon

KBMT-LD in Beaumont, Texas

KYHT-LD in Lake Charles, Louisiana

W43DL-D in Montgomery, Alabama

WADA-LD in Wilmington, North Carolina

WBTD-LD in Suffolk, Virginia

WLEP-LD in Erie, Pennsylvania

WPBO in Portsmouth, Ohio

WAVY-TV
WAVY-TV (channel 10) is a television station licensed to Portsmouth, Virginia, United States, serving the Hampton Roads area as an affiliate of NBC. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside Virginia Beach–licensed dual Fox affiliate/CW owned-and-operated station WVBT (channel 43). The two stations share studios on Wavy Street in downtown Portsmouth; WAVY-TV's transmitter is located in Suffolk, Virginia.
Matt Bishop (politician)
Matthew "Matt" Adrian Bishop is a British Labour Party politician serving as the Member of Parliament for the Forest of Dean since July 2024.

Bishop was born in Newport, South Wales in 1984 and raised by his grandparents. He attended Lliswerry High School. Prior to entering Parliament, he worked in policing, children’s social care, housing enforcement, and as an education welfare officer. He also served as a local councillor and committee chair on the Forest of Dean District Council. His parliamentary work includes membership of select committees and legislative committees, and his policy priorities focus on education, law & order, the NHS, and local infrastructure and schools.

He defeated the incumbent Mark Harper, the Secretary of State for Transport, who had held the Forest of Dean seat for the Conservative Party since 2005.

Forest of Dean District
Forest of Dean is a local government district in west Gloucestershire, England, named after the Forest of Dean. Its council is based in Coleford. Other towns and villages in the district include Blakeney, Cinderford, Drybrook, English Bicknor, Huntley, Littledean, Longhope, Lydbrook, Lydney, Mitcheldean, Newnham and Newent.
You're So Strong
"You're So Strong" is a song by Australian pop rock band Mental As Anything, released in 1985 through Regular Records. It was released from the band's fifth studio album Fundamental The song was written by vocalist/keyboardist Greedy Smith. The song first charted on 25 March 1985, peaked at No. 11  on the Kent Music Report, and stayed in the charts for eighteen weeks.

Greedy Smith
Andrew McArthur "Greedy" Smith (16 January 1956 – 2 December 2019) was an Australian vocalist, keyboardist, harmonicist and songwriter with Australian pop/new wave band Mental As Anything. Smith wrote many of their hit songs including "Live It Up" which peaked at No. 2 on the Australian singles chart. Smith had a solo music career, had worked with other bands and was also an artist and television personality.
Sandrandahy
Sandrandahy is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Fandriana, which is a part of Amoron'i Mania Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 28,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 64% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 30% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are maize, cassava and sweet potatoes. Industry and services provide employment for 0.5% and 5.5% of the population, respectively.

Amoron'i Mania
Amoron'i Mania (Translated: Banks of the Mania) is a region in central Madagascar bordering Vakinankaratra Region in north, Atsinanana in northeast, Fitovinany in southeast, Haute Matsiatra in south, Atsimo-Andrefana in southwest and Menabe in west.

The capital of the region is Ambositra, and the population was 833,919 in 2018. The area of the region is 16,141 km2 (6,232 sq mi).
Friedrich Hopfner
Friedrich Hopfner (28 October 1881 – 5 September 1949) was an Austrian geodesist, geophysicist and planetary scientist.

As an officer of the Austro-Hungarian Empire he began his scientific work at the Bureau of Meteorology. In 1921 he became Chief Astronomer at the new Geodetic Survey of Austria (Federal Office for Metrology and Survey or Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen). From 1936 to 1942 and from 1945 to 1949 he was a professor at the Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien) and over the 1948-9 term he was the university's rector.

Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying
The Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying of Austria (German: Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen, BEV) is the body responsible for official surveying, geo-information and weights and measures (metrology) in Austria. It belongs to the Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftsstandort und Digitalisierung (Federal Ministry of the Economy Location and Digitization). Its headquarters is in Vienna and it has 67 branches spread across all the Austrian federal states.
1453 events
Year 1453 (MCDLIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1453rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 453rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 53rd year of the 15th century, and the 4th year of the 1450s decade.

Giovanni Giustiniani
Giovanni Giustiniani Longo (Greek: Ιωάννης Λόγγος Ιουστινιάνης, romanized: Iōánnēs Lóngos Ioustiniánēs; Latin: Iovianus Iustinianus Longus; 1418 – 1 June 1453) was a Genoese nobleman, mercenary captain, and defender of Constantinople during its siege in 1453. He was instrumental in its defense and commanded 700 men, as well as leading the land forces protecting the city.
Scow
A scow is a smaller type of barge. Some scows are rigged as sailing scows. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, scows carried cargo in coastal waters and inland waterways, having an advantage for navigating shallow water or small harbours. Scows were in common use in the American Great Lakes and other parts of the U.S., Canada, southern England, and New Zealand. In modern times their main recreational purpose is for racing, but the hull type is widely used in the construction industry and as garbage scows for aquatic transport of refuse.

Agathis
Agathis, commonly known as kauri or dammara, is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees, native to Australasia and Southeast Asia. It is one of three extant genera in the family Araucariaceae, alongside Wollemia and Araucaria (being more closely related to the former). Its leaves are much broader than most conifers. Kauri gum was historically commercially harvested from living New Zealand kauri and from swamp ground.
Luke Williams (Australian rules footballer)
Luke Williams (born 29 December 1979) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Picked up in the 1998 AFL draft, Williams was a utility who could play up forward or in the midfield. Debuting in 1999, he had very limited opportunities at the Melbourne Football Club, and after seven seasons on the list, Williams finally notched up his 50th AFL game in 2005. He spent most of his career with Melbourne playing in the Demons' reserve side, the Sandringham Zebras, in the Victorian Football League.

At the end of 2005, Melbourne decided to delist Williams.

1998 AFL draft
The 1998 AFL draft consisted of a pre-season draft, a national draft, a trade period and a rookie elevation.  The AFL draft is the annual draft of talented players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport, the Australian Football League.

In 1998 there were 91 picks to be drafted between 16 teams in the national draft. The Brisbane Lions received the first pick in the national draft after finishing on the bottom of the ladder during the 1998 AFL season.
Richard B. Russell Airport
Richard B. Russell Airport (IATA: RMG, ICAO: KRMG, FAA LID: RMG) is a county-owned public-use airport in Floyd County, Georgia, United States. The airport is located six nautical miles (11 km) north of the central business district of Rome, Georgia. It is also known as Richard B. Russell Regional Airport.

This airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (2009-2013), which categorizes it as a general aviation facility.

The Rome Composite Squadron of the Civil Air Patrol is located at the airport. Stationed at the squadron are a Maule MT-7-235 tow plane and three Blanik gliders.

On the first Saturday of each month, the Experimental Aircraft Association hosts a fly-in breakfast at the EAA campgrounds located off the Old Dalton Road.

Maule Air
Maule Air, Inc. is a manufacturer of light, single-engined, short take-off and landing (STOL) aircraft, based in Moultrie, Georgia, U.S. The company delivered 2,500 aircraft in its first 50 years of business.
The Girl from Rio (1969 film)
The Girl from Rio (German: Die sieben Männer der Sumuru, lit. 'The Seven Men of Sumuru') is a 1969 spy-fi film directed by Jess Franco and starring Shirley Eaton, Richard Wyler, George Sanders and Maria Rohm. Written and produced by Harry Alan Towers, the film follows a tribe of Amazonian women, as, led by their queen, they attack wealthy men as part of a long-term plan to take over the world. A co-production between West Germany, Spain and the United States, the film is a sequel to The Million Eyes of Sumuru (1967), and is based on Sax Rohmer's Sumuru character. Nevertheless, Sumuru's character is referred to as either "Sumitra" or "Sunanda".

Spy-fi (subgenre)
Spy-fi is a subgenre of spy fiction that includes elements of science fiction, and is often associated with the Cold War. Features of spy-fi include the effects of technology on the espionage trade and the technological gadgets used by the characters, even though the technologies and gadgets portrayed are well beyond contemporary scientific reality.
Girolami
Girolami is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ennio Girolami (1935–2013), Italian actor

Gregory S. Girolami, American professor of chemistry
Girolami method

Marino Girolami (1914–1994), Italian film director

Mark Girolami (born 1963), British statistician and engineer

Néstor Girolami (born 1989), Argentine racing driver

Paul Girolami  (1926–2023), British-Italian businessman

Remigio dei Girolami (1235–1319), Italian Dominican theologian

Remigio dei Girolami
Remigio dei Girolami (1235–1319) was an Italian Dominican theologian. He was an early pupil of Thomas Aquinas.

His Tractatus de bono communi of 1302 is a significant work of political thought.  Remigio was able to adapt the political thought of Aquinas, which emphasized monarchy, to the communal regimes of Italy.

Two of his works, the Divisio scientie and Contra falsos ecclesie professores, discuss music. He thought the church represented all human sciences, including the musical sciences that formed part of the quadrivium. The musical element (modulatio) of these sciences referred to liturgical chants, preaching, and church order.
Taza Province
Taza (Arabic: تازة) is a province in the Moroccan region of Fès-Meknès. Its population at the 2014 Census was 516,889.

The major cities and towns are:

Ajdir, Taza

Aknoul

Matmata

Oued Amlil

Oulad Zbair

Tahla

Tainaste

Taza

Tizi Ouasli

Zrarda

Province
A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman provincia, which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city".

While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Turkey. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.
Road signs in the Czech Republic
Road signs in Czechia are regulated by the Ministry of Transport and the police. The signs are nearly the same as the European norm, but with small changes (e.g., the text is in Czech, some differences in colour). The law governing the road signs is Decree number 30/2001 Sb., many times amended, and replaced by decree 294/2015 Sb., in force since 1 January 2016.

Czech road signs depict people with realistic (as opposed to stylized) silhouettes.

Czechoslovakia had originally signed the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals on November 8, 1968, and ratified it on June 7, 1978. After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which took effect on December 31, 1992, both Czechia and Slovakia succeeded to the Vienna Convention on June 2, 1993, and on May 28, 1993, respectively.

Police of the Czech Republic
The Police of the Czech Republic (Czech: Policie České republiky) is the national agency in the field of law enforcement in the Czech Republic. It was established on 15 July 1991 under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. The agency is tasked with protecting citizens, property and public order and as of 2015, there were around 40,500 employees. Czech state police cooperates with municipal police departments, which are present in some municipalities.
Too Cool
Too Cool, originally known as Too Much, was an American professional wrestling tag team and group active in the World Wrestling Federation (later World Wrestling Entertainment) between 1998 and 2001 and for a short time in 2004 and 2014. The group contained members Grand Master Sexay, Scotty 2 Hotty, and Rikishi.

Doug Gilbert
Douglas Gilbert (born February 5, 1969) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances with regional professional wrestling promotions throughout the Southern United States, as well as for Extreme Championship Wrestling and overseas in Japan.
Β-Carboline
β-Carboline, also known as norharman or as 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole, is a tricyclic chemical compound and alkaloid. It is the parent structure of the substituted β-carbolines, a large group of alkaloids and synthetic compounds. β-Carboline may be thought of as a cyclized tryptamine. The compound has been found to possess a variety of pharmacological activities, including DNA mutagenic effects, imidazoline receptor interactions, serotonin reuptake inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition, and inhibition of other enzymes, among others.

Parent structure
In chemistry, a parent structure is the structure of an unadorned ion or molecule from which derivatives can be visualized.  Parent structures underpin systematic nomenclature and facilitate classification. Fundamental parent structures have one or no functional groups and often have various types of symmetry. Benzene (C6H6) is a chemical itself consisting of a hexagonal ring of carbon atoms with a hydrogen atom attached to each, and is the parent of many derivatives that have substituent atoms or groups replacing one or more of the hydrogens.  Some parents are rare or nonexistent themselves, as in the case of porphine, though many simple and complex derivatives are known.

Benzene and derivatives

Benzene is the parent.

Toluene is a derivative of benzene.

Porphyrins

Porphine is the parent of porphyrins.

Protoporphyrin IX is a natural derivative of the parent porphine.

Octaethylporphyrin is a synthetic derivative of the parent porphine.
Jitu Rai
Jitu Rai (born 26 August 1987) is an Indian Army Subedar Major who competes in the 10 metre air pistol and 50 metre pistol events. The Government of India announced the Khel Ratna Award for him in 2016. In 2020, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in the Republic of India.

ISSF 50 meter pistol
50 meter pistol, formerly and unofficially still often called Free Pistol, is one of the ISSF shooting events. It is one of the oldest shooting disciplines, dating back to the 19th century and only having seen marginal rule changes since 1936. It is considered to provide some of the purest precision shooting among the pistol events. The target of this event has not changed since 1900, and the 50m distance has remained the standard since 1912. The sport traced back to the beginning of indoor Flobert pistol parlour shooting in Europe during the 1870s.

Most shooters excelling in 50 m pistol also compete at the same level in 10 meter air pistol, a similar precision event. Free pistol was removed from the Olympic programme following the 2016 Olympic Games.