hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Institute of Humanitarian Law
The International Institute of Humanitarian Law (IIHL) is an independent, "non-profit, humanitarian association having social values as its objectives", founded in 1970 in Sanremo, Italy. The main purpose of the Institute is to promote international humanitarian law and related subjects. Its headquarters are situated in Villa Ormond, while a liaison office of the Institute is established in Geneva, Switzerland.

The Institute works in collaboration with international organisations dedicated to the humanitarian cause, including the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). It has operational relations with the European Union, UNESCO, NATO, the Organisation International de la Francophonie and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Furthermore, it has consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

Italian Red Cross
The Italian Red Cross (IRC, Italian: Croce Rossa Italiana or CRI) is the Italian national Red Cross society. The Italian Red Cross was one of the original founding members of the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in 1919.
Minoru Ito (ice hockey)
Minoru Ito (伊藤 実, Itō Minoru, born 26 March 1948) is a Japanese ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournaments at the 1968 Winter Olympics, the 1972 Winter Olympics and the 1976 Winter Olympics.

1972 Winter Olympics
The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially the XI Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Sapporo 1972, were a winter multi-sport event held from February 3 to 13, 1972, in Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympic Games to take place outside Europe and North America.
Parkhouse, Glasgow G53
Parkhouse is a residential neighbourhood of Glasgow, Scotland close to the border with East Renfrewshire.  It is located on the south-western edge of the city, close to the towns of Barrhead and Newton Mearns in East Renfrewshire.  Within the G53 postcode area and the Greater Pollok ward of the Glasgow City Council administration, the eastern cluster of private housing was constructed in the 1980s (branching off Craigflower Road) and the western part in the 2010s, prior to which it was open farmland annexed to Glasgow in 1938.

It is one of two places in Glasgow called Parkhouse, the other being an older housing development near Milton in the far north of the city. However, they are rarely confused as neither is particularly well known outside local circles, and wider discussions of issues affecting the neighbourhoods take place under the names of their wider wards or constituencies.

Newton Mearns
Newton Mearns (Scottish Gaelic: Baile Ùr na Maoirne [ˈpalə ˈuːɾ nə ˈmɯːrˠɲə]) is a suburban town and the largest settlement in East Renfrewshire, Scotland. It lies 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Glasgow City Centre on historically the main road to Ayrshire, 410 feet (125 m) above sea level. It has a population of approximately 26,993, stretching from Whitecraigs and Kirkhill in the northeast to Maidenhill in the southeast, to Westacres and Greenlaw in the west and Capelrig/Patterton in the northwest.

It is part of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Its name derives from being a new town of the parish of Mearns (from Scottish Gaelic maoirne, meaning a stewartry).
Samuel E. Watson
Samuel E. Watson (died 17 November 1847) was an officer in the U.S. Marine Corps who led troops during the Mexican–American War.

Watson held a rank of brevet lieutenant colonel in the Marines during the Mexican War. He commanded a Marine battalion that reinforced the army of Winfield Scott shortly before the Battle for Mexico City. (Watson had served under Winfield Scott in 1813 and was a veteran Marine.) Watson and his men were attached to the 4th Division under Brig. Gen. John A. Quitman. During the critical attacks on Chapultepec Castle on September 13, 1847, Watson showed little initiative, and many of his Marines missed the crucial action, waiting in reserve in a defilade for attack orders that never came. Shortly after the fall of Mexico City to the Americans, Watson died of natural causes.

Battle for Mexico City
The Battle for Mexico City refers to the series of engagements from September 8 to September 15, 1847, in the general vicinity of Mexico City during the Mexican–American War. Included are major actions at the battles of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec, culminating with the fall of Mexico City. The U.S. Army under Winfield Scott won a major victory that ended the war.
Vuchko Yordanov
Vuchko Yordanov (1915 – 15 April 1990) was a Bulgarian footballer who played as a forward for AS-23 Sofia. He made 18 appearances for the Bulgaria national team from 1935 to 1947. He was also part of Bulgaria's team for their qualification matches for the 1938 FIFA World Cup.

OSK AS-23
Officers' Sports Club Atletik-Slava 1923 (Bulgarian: Офицерски спортен клуб „Атлетик-Слава 1923“, lit. ''Officers' Sports Club Athletic-Glory 1923''), Atletik-Slava 23, or simply AS-23, was a Bulgarian army officers' football club based in the capital of Sofia.

The club colors were black and white and its emblem was a black lion over a white shield. Home ground was what today is the Bulgarian Army Stadium. The club's motto was "Athleticism and Glory."
Matt Tubbs
Matthew Stephen Tubbs (born 15 July 1984) is an English professional footballer who was most recently manager of Poole Town.

Having started his football career, Tubbs joined Salisbury City and quickly made an impact throughout his time at the club, having "played a key role in Salisbury City's rise up the non-league pyramid in recent seasons". This is due to his "great pace and being an effective striker." After joining Crawley Town, he continued his success by helping the club get promoted to League Two in the 2010–11 season. However, after leaving Crawley Town, The False Nine website mentioned about his career decline despite being the League Two's top scorer in the 2014–15 season while playing for AFC Wimbledon and Portsmouth.

Eastbourne Borough F.C.
Eastbourne Borough Football Club is an association football club based in Eastbourne, East Sussex, England. The team competes in the National League South, the sixth level of the English football league system.

The club joined the Sussex County League in 1983 as a founding member of the new Division Three. Following two successive promotions in 1986–87 and 1987–88 under their then manager, Pete Cherry, they played in Division One until the end of the 20th century. The club then experienced a rise through the divisions under Garry Wilson, gaining promotion to the Conference Premier in 2007–08.

They are known as The Sports after their previous name as Langney Sports. Eastbourne Borough play their home matches at Priory Lane in Langney, Eastbourne. The club is an FA Chartered Standard Community club affiliated to the Sussex County Football Association and is a registered Community Interest Company.
Ed Bell (musician)
Ed Bell (born May 1905, died 1960, 1965 or 1966) was an American Piedmont blues and country blues singer, guitarist and songwriter whose identity has only recently been verified by historians. Some of his records were released under the pseudonyms Sluefoot Joe and Barefoot Bill from Alabama. His best-remembered recording is "Mamlish Blues".

Colin Larkin noted in the Encyclopedia of Popular Music that "Bell stands as the most influential Alabama artist in pre-war blues recordings."

Piedmont blues
Piedmont blues (also known as East Coast, or Southeastern blues) refers primarily to a guitar style, which is characterized by a fingerpicking approach in which a regular, alternating thumb bass string rhythmic pattern supports a syncopated melody using the treble strings generally picked with the fore-finger, occasionally others. The result is comparable in sound to ragtime or stride piano styles. Blues researcher Peter B. Lowry coined the term, giving co-credit to fellow folklorist Bruce Bastin. The Piedmont style is differentiated from other styles, particularly the Mississippi Delta blues, by its ragtime-based rhythms.
Skipperhuset
Skipperhuset refers to a small cluster of historic buildings including an 18th-century former royal boathouse located in Fredensborg Palace gardens on the southeastern shoreline of Lake Esrum at Fredensborg, Denmark. The buildings are now home to the Lake Esrum Boat Service and a restaurant.

Fredensborg
Fredensborg (Danish pronunciation: [ˈfʁeˀðn̩sˌpɒˀ]) is a railway town located in Fredensborg Municipality, North Zealand, some 30 kilometres north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is most known for Fredensborg Palace, one of the official residences of the Danish royal family. As of 1 January 2025, the town had a population of 8,968.
Yellowhead (electoral district)
Yellowhead is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1979. The district is in west-central Alberta and represents: parts of the Municipal District of Greenview No. 16 including Grande Cache, Improvement District No. 25 (Willmore), the Improvement District No. 12 (Jasper), the Municipality of Jasper, Yellowhead County including Hinton and Edson, Brazeau County including Drayton Valley, Lac Ste. Anne County including Alexis 133, Parkland County, Leduc County, Clearwater County including Big Horn 144A, Sunchild 202, and O'Chiese 203, and Rocky Mountain House.

Sunchild 202
Sunchild 202 is an Indian reserve in Alberta. It is located 44 kilometres (27 mi) northwest of Rocky Mountain House. It is at an elevation of 974 metres (3,196 ft). The population in 2006 was 482. The median age of the population 19.6.
First mass transport of Jews to Auschwitz concentration camp
The first mass transport of Jews to Auschwitz concentration camp departed from Poprad transit camp in the Slovak Republic on 25 March 1942 and arrived at its destination on 26 March. It was the beginning of systematic deportation of Jews to Auschwitz concentration camp by the Reich Security Main Office and also the first transport of Jews from Slovakia.

Reich Security Main Office
The Reich Security Main Office (German: Reichssicherheitshauptamt pronounced [ˈʁaɪ̯çsˌzɪçɐhaɪ̯t͡sˌhaʊ̯ptʔamt] ⓘ, RSHA) was an organization under Heinrich Himmler in his dual capacity as Chef der Deutschen Polizei (Chief of German Police) and Reichsführer-SS, the head of the Nazi Party's Schutzstaffel (SS). The organization's stated duty was to fight all "enemies of the Reich" inside and outside the borders of Nazi Germany. From its very inception, the RSHA was a central institution for the Nazis, playing a pivotal role in orchestrating and executing the Holocaust.
Awa-Kamo Station
Awa-Kamo Station (阿波加茂駅, Awa-Kamo-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Higashimiyoshi, Miyoshi District, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "B22".

Shikoku Railway Company
The Shikoku Railway Company, commonly known as JR Shikoku, is the smallest of the seven constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates 855.2 kilometres (531.4 mi) of intercity and local rail services in the four prefectures on the island of Shikoku in Japan. The company has its headquarters in Takamatsu.
Lively Grove Township, Washington County, Illinois
Lively Grove Township is a township in Washington County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 688, and it contained 294 housing units.

The township is home to the Prairie State Energy Campus.

Township
A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries.

Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canada, Scotland, and parts of the United States, the term refers to settlements too small or scattered to be considered urban.
Benassi
Benassi is an Italian surname from Emilia. Notable people with the surname include:

Alle Benassi, Italian songwriter and music producer

Benny Benassi (born 1967), Italian DJ and music producer

Elisabetta Benassi (born 1966), Italian artist

Maatje Benassi (born c. 1970), U.S. Army reservist and cyclist who was mistakenly accused to be the COVID-19 "Patient Zero"

Maikol Benassi (born 1989), Italian footballer

Marco Benassi (born 1994), Italian footballer

Massimiliano Benassi (born 1981), Italian footballer

Maximilian Benassi, Italian sprint canoeist

Memo Benassi (1886–1957), Italian actor

Pietro Benassi (born 1958), Italian diplomat

Ugo Benassi (1928–2011), Italian politician

Emilia (region)
Emilia (Emilian: Emeja / Emégglia / Emélia) is a historical region of northern Italy, which approximately corresponds to the western and the north-eastern portions of the modern region of Emilia-Romagna, with the area of Romagna forming the remainder of the modern region.
St Leonard's-in-the-Fields Church
St Leonard's-in-the-Fields Church (formerly St Leonard's-in-the-Fields and Trinity Church) is located in Perth, Scotland. The church stands on Marshall Place at its junction with Scott Street, overlooking the northern end of the South Inch. Built between 1882 and 1885 to a design by J. J. Stevenson, it is now a Category A listed building. A Church of Scotland place of worship, the building is designed in the Gothic Revival style.

Inside, the semi-octagonal apse was inspired by the 15th-century apse of the Church of the Holy Rude in Stirling.

Perth photographer Magnus Jackson had a wooden studio on the site between the 1850s and 1884.

The organ, built in 1881 by the London-based company of Perth native Henry Bryceson, was originally installed in the former Morningside United Presbyterian Church. It was moved to St Leonard's-in-the-Fields in 1985 and installed in a modern ash case.

Fraxinus
Fraxinus (/ˈfræksɪnəs/), commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous (dropping their leaves in autumn), although some subtropical species are evergreen. The genus is widespread throughout much of Europe, Asia, and North America.

The leaves are usually opposite, and mostly pinnately compound (divided into leaflets in a feather-like arrangement). The seeds, known as "keys", are botanically fruits of the type called samara. Some species are dioecious, having male and female flowers on separate plants.

Ash wood is strong and elastic, and used for the handles of tools. Musical instrument makers use it for electric guitars and for drum shells. The Morgan Motor Company makes the frames of sports cars from ash wood. In Greek mythology, the Meliae were the nymphs of ash trees.
Mouse unit
A mouse unit (MU) is the amount of toxin required to kill a 20g mouse in 15 minutes via intraperitoneal injection. Mouse units are measured by a mouse bioassay, and are commonly used in the shellfish industry when describing relative toxicities for assessing food safety levels for human consumption.

Bioassay
A bioassay is an analytical method to determine the potency or effect of a substance by its effect on living animals or plants (in vivo), or on living cells or tissues (in vitro). A bioassay can be either quantal or quantitative, direct or indirect. If the measured response is binary, the assay is quantal; if not, it is quantitative.

A bioassay may be used to detect biological hazards or to give an assessment of the quality of a mixture. A bioassay is often used to monitor water quality as well as wastewater discharges and its impact on the surroundings. It is also used to assess the environmental impact and safety of new technologies and facilities.

Bioassays are essential in pharmaceutical, medical and agricultural sciences for development and launching of new drugs, vitamins, etc.
Hugh Thompson (athlete)
Hubert "Hugh" Thompson (29 April 1914 – 23 February 1943) was a Canadian middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 1500 metres at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was killed in action during World War II.

Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres
The men's 1500 metres event at the 1936 Olympic Games]] took place August 4 and August 6. Forty-three athletes from 27 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The final was won by Kiwi Jack Lovelock in world record time. It was New Zealand's first medal in the 1500 metres. Glenn Cunningham's silver put the United States on the 1500 metres podium for the first time since 1920. Luigi Beccali did not successfully defend his 1932 gold, but took bronze to become the first man to win two medals in the event.
2020 U.S. F2000 National Championship
The 2020 U.S. F2000 National Championship was the eleventh season of the U.S. F2000 National Championship since its revival in 2010. The championship serves as the first rung of the IndyCar Series's Road to Indy ladder system. An 18 race schedule was announced on 12 September 2019 featuring six permanent road courses, two street circuits, and a single oval in the Dave Steele Classic.  The Dave Steele Classic race is a standalone race, while the Indianapolis road course race is now a stand-alone round due to the NASCAR Cup Series Big Machine Vodka 400 and GMR Grand Prix is a doubleheader weekend so it is full.

Danish driver Christian Rasmussen, driving for Jay Howard Driver Development, dominated the year, winning over half of all races and clinching the championship title at New Jersey Motorsports Park, two races before the end of the season

Grand Prix of Indianapolis
Events in the NTT IndyCar Series have been held annually at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Road Course in Speedway, Indiana since 2014. Events are known as the IndyCar Grand Prix and the Grand Prix of Indianapolis.
2014 European Parliament election in Veneto
The European Parliament election of 2014 took place in Italy on 25 May 2014.

In Veneto the centre-left Democratic Party came largely ahead with 37.5% of the vote, followed by the Five Star Movement, distant second at 19.9%. Among the parties of the governing coalition in the region, Lega Nord (whose regional wing is Liga Veneta) came first with 15.2% of the vote, followed by Forza Italia (14.7%) and the New Centre-Right (3.5), which ran in a joint list with the Union of the Centre. The centre-right's tally, including also Brothers of Italy (3.3%), was 36.7%: it was the first time ever that the centre-left topped the centre-right in a regionwide election. The five most voted candidates in Veneto were Alessandra Moretti (Democratic Party, 138,901 preference votes), Flavio Tosi (Lega Nord, 83,171), Flavio Zanonato (Democratic Party, 80,387), Matteo Salvini (Lega Nord, 67,148) and Mara Bizzotto (Lega Nord, 42,787).

New Centre-Right – Union of the Centre
New Centre-Right – Union of the Centre (Italian: Nuovo Centrodestra – Unione di Centro, NCD-UDC), was a centre-right political alliance in Italy, for the 2014 European election. NCD-UDC supports Jean-Claude Juncker, the candidate of the European People's Party for the European Commission presidency.
Kimsa Chata (Sajama)
Kimsa Chata (Aymara and Quechua kimsa three, Pukina chata mountain, "three mountains", Hispanicized Quimsa Chata) is a group of three mountains in the Andes of Bolivia. It  is located in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, in the north of the Turco Municipality. It is situated north-east of the mountains Yaritani and Wankarani. The northern peak is 4,809 metres (15,778 ft) high. The two other peaks of the groups lie south-east of it.

Puquina language
Puquina (or Pukina) is an extinct language once spoken in the region surrounding Lake Titicaca (Peru and Bolivia) and in the north of Chile. It is often associated with the culture that built Tiwanaku.

A Puquina substrate can be found in the Quechuan and Spanish languages spoken in the south of Peru, mainly in Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna, as well as in Bolivia. There also seem to be remnants in the Kallawaya language, which may be a mixed language formed from Quechuan languages and Puquina.

Sometimes the term Puquina is used for the Uru language, which is distinctly different.
Yugambeh–Bandjalangic peoples
The Yugambeh–Bandjalangic peoples are an Aboriginal Australian ethnolinguistic group identified by their use of one of more of the Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages and shared cultural practices and histories.  There are roughly 15 individual groups, who together form a wider cultural bloc or polity often described as Bundjalung or "Three Brothers Mob".

Ethnolinguistic group
An ethnolinguistic group (or ethno-linguistic group) is a group that is unified by both a common ethnicity and language. Most ethnic groups share a first language. However, "ethnolinguistic" is often used to emphasise that language is a major basis for the ethnic group, especially in regard to its neighbours.

A central concept in the linguistic study of ethnolinguistic groups is ethnolinguistic vitality, the ability of the group's language and ethnicity to sustain themselves. An ethnolinguistic group that lacks such vitality is unlikely to survive as a distinct entity. Factors that influence the ethnolinguistic vitality are demographics, institutional control and status (including language planning factors).
Tom MacKeough
Thomas James MacKeough (October 12, 1922 – January 2, 1990) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Cape Breton North in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1960 to 1978. He was a member of the Progressive Conservatives. McKeough served in the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Municipal Affairs, Minister of Labour, Minister of Trade and Industry, and Minister of Finance. He played a major role in reshaping EMS in Nova Scotia. Following his retirement from politics, McKeough chaired a Provincial Task Force on Occupation Health and Safety in the workplace.

Northside-Westmount
Northside-Westmount is a provincial electoral district in  Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

In 1933, the County of Cape Breton was divided into five electoral districts, one of which was Cape Breton North, which was carved out of parts of Cape Breton Centre and Cape Breton East. In 2003, the district gained upper North Sydney as far as Balls Creek and Point Aconi. In 2013, the district was renamed Northside-Westmount and it lost the area west of Little Bras d'Or to Victoria-The Lakes and gained the area north of Highway 125 from Cape Breton South.

In the 2021 election, Northside-Westmount was the only riding to flip to the Liberals as the province went from a Liberal majority to a Progressive Conservative majority.
Jaroslav Borovička
Jaroslav Borovička (26 January 1931 – 29 December 1992) was a former Czech football player.

During his club career he played for Dukla Prague. He earned 21 caps for the Czechoslovakia national football team, and was part of the second-placed team at the 1962 FIFA World Cup, and also played in the 1958 FIFA World Cup.

He won the Czechoslovak First League with Dukla six times, and the Czechoslovak Cup in 1961.

Czechoslovakia national football team
The Czechoslovakia national football team (Czech: Československá fotbalová reprezentace, Slovak: Česko-slovenské národné futbalové mužstvo) represented Czechoslovakia in men's international football from 1919 to 1993. The team was controlled by the Czechoslovak Football Association, and the team qualified for eight World Cups and three European Championships. It had two runner-up finishes in World Cups, in 1934 and 1962, and won the European Championship in the 1976 tournament.

At the time of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992, the team was participating in UEFA qualifying Group 4 for the 1994 World Cup; it completed the remainder of this campaign under the name Representation of Czechs and Slovaks (RČS, Czech: Reprezentace Čechů a Slováků, Slovak: Reprezentácia Čechov a Slovákov) before it was disbanded in November 1993. Both the Czech and Slovak national teams are considered to be the joint successors of the Czechoslovak record.