hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thetford Golf Course and Marsh
Thetford Golf Course and Marsh is a 122.3-hectare (302-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the western outskirts of Thetford in Norfolk, England. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade 2, and part of the Breckland Special Area of Conservation and Special Protection Area.

Dry grass heath covers much of the site, accompanied by areas of lichen and heather, with diverse flora. Horse Meadows has wet peaty areas hosting fenland plants and alder woodland.

Much of this site is private property with no public access (part of it is owned by the Crown Estate), but roads cross it.

Special Protection Area
A special protection area (SPA) is a designation under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Under the Directive, Member States of the European Union (EU) have a duty to safeguard the habitats of migratory birds and certain particularly threatened birds. Together with special areas of conservation (SACs), the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called Natura 2000. Each SPA has an EU code – for example the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code UK9009031.
Hans Möbius
Hans Möbius (2 February 1895, Frankfurt am Main – 28 November 1977, Bad Homburg) was a German classical archaeologist.

He studied at the Universities of Freiburg, Berlin and Marburg, receiving his doctorate at the latter institution in 1916 as a student of Paul Jacobsthal. From 1921 to 1928, he worked as an assistant to Ernst Buschor at the German Archaeological Institute at Athens, afterwards serving as a curator at the  Hessiches Landesmuseum in Kassel. In 1943 he became a professor at the University of Würzburg, where he was appointed manager of the Martin von Wagner Museum. From 1946 onward, he worked on Ernst Pfuhl's corpus of eastern Greek funerary sculpture, Die ostgriechischen Grabreliefs.

Martin von Wagner Museum
The Martin von Wagner Museum contains the art collection of the University of Würzburg and has been located in the south wing of the Würzburg Residence since 1963. It is among the largest university museums in Europe.
Rajeev Kumar Varshney
Rajeev Kumar Varshney FRS FAA (born 13 July 1973) is an Indian-Australian agricultural scientist specialising in genomics, genetics, and molecular breeding.  As of 2022, he serves as Director of the Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Director of the Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, and International Chair - Agriculture & Food Security at Murdoch University.

Molecular breeding
Molecular breeding is the application of molecular biology tools, often in plant breeding and animal breeding. In the broad sense, molecular breeding can be defined as the use of genetic manipulation performed at the level of DNA to improve traits of interest in plants and animals, and it may also include genetic engineering or gene manipulation, molecular marker-assisted selection, and genomic selection. More often, however, molecular breeding implies molecular marker-assisted breeding (MAB) and is defined as the application of molecular biotechnologies, specifically molecular markers, in combination with linkage maps and genomics, to alter and improve plant or animal traits on the basis of genotypic assays.

The areas of molecular breeding include:

QTL mapping or gene discovery

Marker assisted selection and genomic selection

Genetic engineering

Genetic transformation
Spanish conquest of the Kingdom of Q'umarkaj
The Spanish conquest of the Kingdom of Q'umarkaj took place in the K'iche' Kingdom of Q'umarkaj in 1524 between the Spanish and K'iche'. In 1524, conquistador Pedro de Alvarado arrived in Guatemala with 135 horsemen, 120 footsoldiers and 400 Aztec, Tlaxcaltec and Cholultec allies, and were offered help by the Kaqchikels. Tecun Uman prepared 8,400 soldiers for the Spanish attack, which they had discovered because of their network of spies. After several defeats over the K'iche' people, the Spanish entered Q'umarkaj and the Lords of Q'umarkaj were burnt alive by Alvarado. Following the war, two Spanish noblemen were put in charge of Q'umarkaj, although some fighting continued until 1527.

Kaqchikel people
The Kaqchikel (also called Kachiquel) are one of the Indigenous Maya peoples of the midwestern highlands of Guatemala and of southern Mexico. They constitute Guatemala's third largest Maya group. The name was formerly spelled in various other ways, including Cakchiquel, Kakchiquel, Caqchikel, and Cachiquel.
Master of Kirchdrauf
The Kirchdrauf Master was an anonymous painter active between 1480 and 1490. His provisional name derives from an altarpiece he painted for the Cathedral of Saint Martin in Spišská Kapitula, in the town of Kirchdrauf.  He worked in the late Gothic style.

Spišské Podhradie
Spišské Podhradie (German: Kirchdrauf, Hungarian: Szepesváralja) is a town in Spiš in the Prešov Region of Slovakia. Its population is 3,775.

Spišské Podhradie is situated at the foot of the hill of Spiš Castle. It had a Zipser German settlement, with its own church and priest, in 1174. Just above, and adjacent to, the town is the ecclesiastical settlement of Spišská Kapitula (hence an old German name Kirchdorf, meaning "church town"). The town contains a number of Renaissance merchants' houses. It also has one of the few remaining synagogue buildings (now disused) in the region. The Sivá Brada cold water spring is located nearby.
Ray Edmonds
Earnest Raymond Edmonds (born 25 April 1936 in Grimsby, Lincolnshire), better known as Ray Edmonds, is a former English professional player of English billiards and snooker. He twice won the World Amateur Snooker title, and won the World Professional Billiards Championship in 1985.

English billiards
English billiards, called simply billiards in the UK and in many former British colonies, is a cue sport that combines the aspects of carom billiards and pool. Two cue balls (one white and one yellow) and a red object ball are used (Sometimes the balls are marked with dots, similarly to carom billiards). Each player or team uses a different cue ball. It is played on a billiards table with the same dimensions as one used for snooker and points are scored for cannons and pocketing the balls.
Chastye, Chastinsky District, Perm Krai
Chastye (Russian: Частые) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Chastinsky District of Perm Krai, Russia, located on the banks of the Votkinsk Reservoir. Population:  4,859 (2010 Census); 5,032 (2002 Census); 4,556 (1989 Soviet census).

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
Bailiff of Jersey
The Bailiff of Jersey (French: Le Bailli de Jersey) has several roles:

Chief judge

President of the States Assembly, carrying out functions of a presiding officer

Civic head of the Bailiwick of Jersey

Guardian of the constitution

President of the Licensing Assembly, regulating alcohol sales

Must give permission for certain types of public entertainment to take place.

The position of Bailiff was created shortly after the Treaty of Paris 1259 in which the king of England, Henry III, gave up claim to all of the Duchy of Normandy but the Channel Islands. In 1290, separate bailiffs for Jersey and Guernsey were appointed.

Treaty of Paris (1259)
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of Abbeville, was signed on December 4, 1259, by King Louis IX of France and King Henry III of England. It marked a turning point in European politics, leading to new political dynamics, cultural exchanges, and social changes.
Kentucky Route 166
Kentucky Route 166 (KY 166) is a 13.279-mile (21.370 km) state highway in Fulton County, Kentucky. It runs from Kentucky Route 125 southeast of Hickman to U.S. Route 45 and Kentucky Route 1648 in northwestern Fulton.

Fulton, Kentucky
Fulton is a home rule-class city in Fulton County, Kentucky, United States.  The population was 2,357 at the 2020 census, down from 2,445 at the 2010 census. It was once known as the "Banana Capital of the World", because 70% of imported bananas to the U.S. used to be shipped through the city. Fulton is part of the Union City-Hickman, TN–KY Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Soft rot Enterobacteriaceae (SRE) small RNAs
Soft rot Enterobacteriaceae (SRE) (spanning the genera Erwinia, Pectobacterium, Dickeya, and Pantoea), are ubiquitous necrotrophic bacterial pathogens that infect a large number of different plant species worldwide, including economically important crops.

When they live in soil outside of their plant hosts they starve and have to adapt to this new condition.  By using strand-specific RNA-seq analysis and in silico sRNA predictions 137 small RNAs candidates were identified in Pectobacterium atrosepticum under starvation conditions. This suggests that sRNAs play roles in bacterial adaptive response. The expression of 9 novel candidate sRNAs was validated by RT-PCR. Those included antisense RNAs  and UTR regions.

Pectobacterium atrosepticum
Pectobacterium atrosepticum is a species of bacterium. It is a plant pathogen causing blackleg of potato. Its type strain is CFBP 1526T (=LMG 2386T =NCPPB 549T =ICMP 1526T). Its genome has been sequenced.
Mary Lane
Mary MacPherson Lane (born October 1987) is an American non-fiction writer and journalist specializing in Western European art and history.

Lane gained recognition as the chief European art reporter for The Wall Street Journal, and for publishing numerous scoops on the art trove of Hildebrand Gurlitt. One of Adolf Hitler's main art dealers, Gurlitt bequeathed a collection of roughly 1,300 artworks, many looted from museums and Jewish European families, to his son Cornelius Gurlitt. Her book-length narrative on Nazi-looted art was published in 2019 by Hachette under the title Hitler's Last Hostages: Looted Art and the Soul of the Third Reich.

Gurlitt Collection
The Gurlitt Collection (alternatively known as the "Gurlitt Trove", "Gurlitt Hoard", "Munich Art Hoard", "Schwabing Art Trove", "Schwabing Art Find", etc.) was a collection of around 1,500 art works inherited by Cornelius Gurlitt, the son of one of Hitler's official art dealers, Hildebrand Gurlitt (1895–1956), and which was found to have contained several artworks looted from Jews by the Nazis.
Pazos
Pazos is a surname originated in Italy. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Pazos, American television personality, celebrity stylist, and entrepreneur

Felipe Pazos (1912–2001), Cuban economist

James Pazos (born 1991), American baseball player

Luis Pazos (born 1947), Mexican economist

Manuel Pazos (1930–2019), Spanish footballer

Marcelo Pazos (born 1953), Argentine field hockey player

Marta Pazos (born 1976), Spanish theater director

Rubén Pazos (born 1979), Spanish footballer

Felipe Pazos
Felipe Pazos Roque (September 27, 1912 – February 26, 2001) was a Cuban economist who initially supported the Cuban Revolution of Fidel Castro, but became disillusioned with the increasingly radical nature of the revolutionary government.
SkyWest Airlines Flight 1834
On Thursday, January 15, 1987, SkyWest Airlines Flight 1834, a Swearingen SA-226TC (Metro II), and a Mooney M20 were involved in a midair collision at 12:52 MST (UTC−7) near Kearns, Utah, a suburb southwest of Salt Lake City. All ten aboard the two aircraft were killed: two pilots and six passengers aboard the Metro II and two aboard the Mooney.

National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigators primarily blamed the small plane pilots for wandering into restricted airspace, but a judge later assigned 51% responsibility to FAA air traffic controllers.

Kearns, Utah
Kearns (/kɜːrnz/ kurnz) is a city in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. Named after Utah's U.S. Senator Thomas Kearns, it had a population of 36,723 at the 2020 Census.
This was a 2.8 percent increase over the 2010 figure of 35,731.
Kearns is home to the Utah Olympic Oval, an indoor speed skating oval built for the 2002 Winter Olympics.
Single-track vehicle
A single-track vehicle is a vehicle that leaves a single ground track as it moves forward. Single-track vehicles usually have little or no lateral stability when stationary but develop it when moving forward or controlled. In the case of wheeled vehicles, the front and rear wheel usually follow slightly different paths when turning or when out of alignment.

Single-track vehicles have unique dynamics that, in the case of wheeled vehicles, are discussed at length in bicycle and motorcycle dynamics, that usually require leaning into a turn, and that usually include countersteering. Single-track vehicles can roll on wheels, slide, float, or hydroplane.

Vehicle dynamics
Vehicle dynamics is the study of vehicle motion, e.g., how a vehicle's forward movement changes in response to driver inputs, propulsion system outputs, ambient conditions, air/surface/water conditions, etc.
Vehicle dynamics is a part of engineering primarily based on classical mechanics.
It may be applied for motorized vehicles (such as automobiles), bicycles and motorcycles, aircraft, and watercraft.
1976–77 Kent Football League
The 1976–77 Kent Football League season was the eleventh in the history of the Kent Football League, a football competition featuring teams based in and around the county of Kent in England.

The league comprised one division and there was also a league cup competition, the Challenge Cup.

Chatham Town F.C.
Chatham Town Football Club is an English association football club based in Chatham, Kent. It currently plays in the Isthmian Premier Division and is nicknamed The Chats.

Former Premier League club Portsmouth and current Premier League club West Ham United played their first competitive matches against Chatham.
Household Finance and Consumption Survey (Ireland)
The Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) is a statistical survey conducted by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) on behalf of the Central Bank of Ireland as part of the European Central Bank (ECB) Household Finance and Consumption Network (HFCN).

The HFCS is designed to collect household-level data on households’ finances and consumption, and is required by all Eurozone countries to facilitate comparable data analysis for the Euro area as a whole.

Household
A household consists of one or more persons who live in the same dwelling. It may be of a single family or another type of person group. The household is the basic unit of analysis in many social, microeconomic and government models, and is important to economics and inheritance.

Household models include families, blended families, shared housing, group homes, boarding houses, houses of multiple occupancy (UK), and single room occupancy (US). In feudal societies, the royal household and medieval households of the wealthy included servants and other retainers.
Grovesinia
Grovesinia is a genus of fungi in the family Sclerotiniaceae.

The genus name of Grovesinia is in honour of James Walton Groves (1906-1970), who was a Canadian mycologist.

The genus was circumscribed by Molly Niedbalski Cline, J. Leland Crane and S.D. Cline in Mycologia vol.75 (Issue 6) on page 989 in 1983.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Bramberk
Bramberk (German: Bramberg) is a stone observation tower in the municipality of Lučany nad Nisou in the Czech Republic. It is located on the hill Bramberk (787 m or 2,582 ft above sea level) in the Jizera Mountains. It is 21 metres (69 ft) high, with 87 steps to the top. It was built in 1912.

Jizera Mountains
Jizera Mountains (Czech: Jizerské hory), or Izera Mountains (Polish: Góry Izerskie; German: Isergebirge), are part of the Western Sudetes on the border between the Czech Republic and Poland. The range got its name from the Jizera River, which rises at the southern base of the Smrk massif. The beech forests within the Jizera Mountains were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe, because of their outstanding preservation and testimony to the ecological history of Europe (and the beech family specifically) since the Last Glacial Period.
Bagrus
Bagrus is a genus of  bagrid catfishes. These are relatively large catfish found in freshwater habitats in Africa, except for the virtually unknown B. tucumanus from South America, which likely is a synonym of Luciopimelodus pati.

George Albert Boulenger
George Albert Boulenger FRS (19 October 1858 – 23 November 1937) was a Belgian-British zoologist who described and gave scientific names to over 2,000 new animal species, chiefly fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Boulenger was also an active botanist during the last 30 years of his life, especially in the study of roses.
Paul Rowlett
Professor Paul Rowlett is a specialist in French linguistics and was the last head of the School of Humanities, Languages and Social Sciences at Salford University. He is also the editor of the Philological Society's peer-reviewed linguistics journal Transactions of the Philological Society and a member of the editorial board of the Journal of French Language Studies. He is the author of three books: The Syntax of French (2007), The French Language Today: A Linguistic Introduction (2000) and Sentential Negation in French (1998).

Transactions of the Philological Society
Transactions of the Philological Society is a linguistics journal published three times a year by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Philological Society. It has appeared since 1854, making it the oldest scholarly linguistics journal. It is currently edited by Delia Bentley (The University of Manchester); Frans Plank and Nigel Vincent act as consulting editors.

Next to the journal itself, an associated series of monographs is published, which is edited by Melanie Green.
Yuri Ofman
Yuri Petrovich Ofman (Russian: Ю́рий Петро́вич Офман, born 1939) is a Russian mathematician who works in computational complexity theory.

He obtained his Doctorate from Moscow State University, where he was advised by Andrey Kolmogorov.
He did important early work on parallel algorithms for prefix sums and their application in the design of Boolean circuits for addition.

Andrey Kolmogorov
Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (Russian: Андре́й Никола́евич Колмого́ров, IPA: [ɐnˈdrʲej nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ kəlmɐˈɡorəf] ⓘ, 25 April 1903 – 20 October 1987) was a Soviet mathematician who played a central role in the creation of modern probability theory. He also gave fundamental contributions to the mathematics of topology, intuitionistic logic, turbulence, classical mechanics, functional analysis, algorithmic information theory and computational complexity.
Barefoot Gen: Explosion of Tears
Barefoot Gen: Explosion of Tears (はだしのゲン 涙の爆発, Hadashi no Gen: Namida no Bakuhatsu) is a 1977 Japanese war drama film, directed by Tengo Yamada based on the Japanese manga series by Keiji Nakazawa. It is a sequel to the 1976 film Barefoot Gen and is the second live-action film based on the manga.

Keiji Nakazawa
Keiji Nakazawa (中沢 啓治, Nakazawa Keiji; March 14, 1939 – December 19, 2012) was a Japanese manga artist and writer. He is best known for his semi-autobiographical series Barefoot Gen, a landmark work depicting the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and its aftermath. A hibakusha (atomic bomb survivor) himself, Nakazawa was in Hiroshima during the bombing in August 1945 and lost most of his family. His experiences shaped his artistic and political vision, leading to pioneering manga that confronted war trauma, nuclear devastation, and postwar Japanese society with stark realism and deep humanism. Barefoot Gen, serialized from 1973, became one of the first Japanese comics to gain international recognition and remains a foundational work in the genre of A-bomb manga. Through his work, Nakazawa combined personal testimony with bold criticism of militarism and nationalism, establishing manga as a medium for historical and political reflection.
11th Gorkha Rifles
The 11th Gorkha Rifles  is a Gorkha regiment of the Indian Army that was re-raised after independence. The regiment consists of primarily the Kirant Tribes Rai and Limbu and small numbers of Sunuwars, Tamangs and Yakkhas of Eastern Nepal,  Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Dooars of West Bengal, Sikkim and other parts of  Northeast India. Though it is considered to be the youngest of the Gorkha regiments its lineage is as long as those of the 7th Gurkha Rifles and 10th Gurkha Rifles.

The regiment has participated in all major military operations India has undertaken since independence including in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, Operation Polo in 1948, the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, and the Kargil War in 1999. Units of the regiment have also deployed abroad on UN missions.

Kalimpong district
Kalimpong district is a district in the state of West Bengal, India. In 2017, it was carved out as a separate district to become the 21st district of West Bengal. The district is headquartered at Kalimpong, which grew to prominence as a market town for Indo-Tibetan trade during the British period. It is bounded by Pakyong district of Sikkim in the north, Bhutan in the east, Darjeeling district in the west, and Jalpaiguri district in the south.

The district consists of the Kalimpong municipality and four community development blocks: Kalimpong I, Kalimpong II, Gorubathan and Pedong. The towns and villages in Kalimpong District are: Kalimpong, Gorubathan, Melli Bazar, Teesta Bazar, Algarah, Labha, Samsing and Rambi.