hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ynys Tachwedd
Ynys Tachwedd is a hamlet in the  community of Borth, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 80.5 miles (129.6 km) from Cardiff and 180.5 miles (290.5 km) from London. Ynys Tachwedd is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
Kolinio Rokotuinaceva
Ratu Kolinio Rokotunaceva (1935 or 1936 – 14 June 2008) was a Fijian chief and politician, who served as a Senator from 2001 to 2006 as one of 14 nominees of the Great Council of Chiefs.  He held the traditional title of Tui Levuka.

Prior to his appointment to the Senate, Rokotunaceva served as Assistant Minister for Education in the interim Cabinet formed by Laisenia Qarase in the wake of the 2000 Fijian coup d'état.  He held office till an elected government took power in September 2001.

In 2001 he opposed Australia's proposal for a refugee resettlement centre in Fiji as part of the Pacific Solution, comparing it to Britain's importation of Girmityas to Fiji.

Following the 2006 Fijian coup d'état he opposed the military regime's People's Charter for Change, Peace and Progress.

In June 2008 he was part of a handover ceremony for the official Fijian translation of the 1874 dead of cession, which had been in the Levuka provincial administrator's office for 134 years.

Girmitiyas
Girmitiyas, (Kaithi: 𑂏𑂱𑂩𑂧𑂱𑂗𑂱𑂨𑂰, IPA: [ɡɪɾmɪʈɪjaː]) also known as Jahazis (Hindustani: जहाज़ी, IPA: [dʒəɦaːziː]) or Jahajis (IPA: [dʒəɦaːdʒiː]), were indentured labourers from British India transported to work on plantations in Fiji, South Africa, Mauritius, and the Caribbean (namely Trinidad and Tobago, British Guiana, Suriname and Jamaica) as part of the Indian indenture system.
Canberra Plaza, Singapore
Canberra Plaza is a New Generation Neighbourhood Centre (NGNC) built by the Housing & Development Board (HDB), the government agency in charge of public housing development in Singapore. It is one of the new Neighbourhood Centres (NCs) constructed by HDB in 10 years after the completion of Pioneer Mall and Punggol Plaza in 2004. CNN reported that Canberra Plaza will provide a "complete live-work-play-learn environment for residents and signifies Singapore's public housing for the future".

The 3-storey shopping centre is located in the eastern end of Sembawang, Singapore as part of a mixed-use transit-oriented development. It was designed by a team led by SAA Architects. Construction started in mid-2015 and the shopping centre opened on 18 December 2020. The mall is directly linked to Canberra MRT station by a footbridge.

Singapore Civil Defence Force
The Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) is a uniformed organisation in Singapore under the Ministry of Home Affairs that provides emergency services such as firefighting, technical rescue, and emergency medical services, and coordinates national civil defence programme.
Political verse
Political verse (Greek: politikós stíkhos, πολιτικός στίχος), also known as decapentasyllabic verse (from Greek: dekapentasíllavos, δεκαπεντασύλλαβος, lit. '15-syllable'), is a common metric form in Medieval and Modern Greek poetry. It is an iambic verse of fifteen syllables and has been the main meter of traditional popular and folk poetry since the Byzantine period.

The name is unrelated to the modern English concept of politics and does not imply political content; rather, it derives from the original meaning of the Greek word πολιτικός, civil or civic, meaning that it was originally a form used for secular poetry, the non-religious entertainment of the people of the polis, the city-state.

It is also called "ἡμαξευμένοι στίχοι" (imaksevméni stíhi "like-a-chariot-on-a-paved-road") verse, because the words run freely like a chariot on a good driving surface.

Civics
In the field of political science, civics is the study of the civil and political rights and obligations of citizens in a society. The term civics derives from the Latin word civicus, meaning "relating to a citizen". In U.S. politics, in the context of urban planning, the term civics comprehends the city politics that affect the political decisions of the citizenry of a city.

Civic education is the study of the theoretical, political, and practical aspects of citizenship manifest as political rights, civil rights, and legal obligations.  Civic education includes the study of civil law, the civil codes, and  government with special attention to the political role of the citizens in the operation and oversight of government.

Moreover, in the context of ancient Roman history, the term civics also refers to the Civic Crown (Latin: corona civica), a garland of oak leaves awarded to Romans who saved the lives of fellow citizens.
Dan's Hill
Dan's Hill is a historic home located near Danville in Pittsylvania County, Virginia.  It was built in 1833, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, five bay Federal style brick dwelling.  It has a double pile, central-hall plan and a gable roof.  Also on the property are the contributing kitchen building, a dairy, a gazebo, an orangery, a privy, smokehouses, and a spinning house.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Central-passage house
The central-passage house, also known variously as central hall plan house, center-hall house, hall-passage-parlor house, Williamsburg cottage, and Tidewater-type cottage, was a vernacular, or folk form, house type from the colonial period onward into the 19th century in the United States.
Dhargaloon
Dhargloon (also spelled as Dargaloon or Dhargalon) is a village, located in Mendhar Tehsil of Poonch district in Indian administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Its district headquarters are located in Poonch and administrative units in "Mendhar"(temporarily). This village comes under the "Balakote" block which is its local administrative unit. The village is located close the border with Pakistan and is largely influenced by the border forces. Residents of Dhargaloon staged a protest in May 2017 because of water and power shortages.

Mendhar Tehsil
Mendhar is a Sub Division (administrative district) in the Poonch district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is located in the foothills of Pir Panjal range within the Himalayas. The Mendhar Tehsil headquarters is in Mendhar town. It is located 60 km (37 mi) south of the Poonch City, the district headquarters and 210 km (130 mi) from the state winter capital Jammu. It has a total area of 425 km2.
Canadian Association for Physical Anthropology
The Canadian Association for Physical Anthropology / L'Association Canadienne D'Anthropologie Physique (CAPA/ACAP) is a learned society of international scholars and students of Physical Anthropology in Canada. The Associations's mission is to promote and increase awareness and understanding of physical (biological) anthropology among its membership and to support institutions, agencies, and the public at large. The Association is guided by a constitution and code of ethics, holds annual meetings, distributes biannual newsletters to its membership, and offers funding opportunities for student members. The current president in 2017 is Dr. Ian Colquhoun (University of Western Ontario).

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
New Moon on Monday
"New Moon on Monday" is the tenth single by the English pop rock band Duran Duran, released on 23 January 1984 in the United Kingdom.

The second single to be taken from the band's third studio album Seven and the Ragged Tiger (1983), the song was another success, reaching the top ten on both the UK and US charts. On 11 February 1984, the single reached number nine on the UK singles chart and on 17 March, it reached number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100, after entering on 14 January 1984 at number 56.

Simon Le Bon
Simon John Charles Le Bon MBE (born 27 October 1958) is an English singer. He is best known as the lead vocalist and lyricist of the new wave band Duran Duran and its offshoot Arcadia. Le Bon has received three Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors, including the award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music. He also received an MBE from Charles III in 2024.
On Kings
On Kings is a collaborative work by anthropologists David Graeber and Marshall Sahlins that addresses the question of kingship.

Published in 2017, it is Graeber's eighth book. The work is structured as a collection of essays written by the two anthropologists, presented in the form of a dialogue.

Dialogue
Dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog in American English) is an interactive communication between two or more people, and a literary and theatrical form that depicts such an exchange. As a philosophical or didactic device, it is chiefly associated in the West with the Socratic dialogue as developed by Plato, but antecedents are also found in other traditions including Indian literature.
Language (Porter Robinson song)
"Language" is a song by American electronic music producer and DJ Porter Robinson. The song was uploaded on YouTube by Porter Robinson on April 1, 2012. The song was released in the United States on Big Beat Records as a digital download on April 10, 2012. The song was later released in the United Kingdom in an EP package from the Ministry of Sound on August 12, 2012. It debuted at number nine on the UK Singles Chart. The song features uncredited vocals from Heather Bright. The song received remixes from producers Kayzo together with Gammer, and from Jauz.

Kayzo
Hayden Capuozzo (born October 8, 1991), better known by his stage name Kayzo, is an American DJ based in Los Angeles, California. He is best known for remixing songs and incorporating trap and hardstyle genres into his remixes. His collaboration with Riot, "Wake Up", received more than 200,000 plays in less than 24 hours.

Kayzo is also the founder of Welcome Records.
Gustavo Perez Silverio
Gustavo Perez Silverio is a Cuban historian and pro-democracy activist.

In February 2015, he was fired from his job as a professor of history at the University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas in Santa Clara, Cuba. On June 11, 2015, Republican Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen spoke in his defense for one minute before the United States House of Representatives.

University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas
The University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas (Spanish: Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, UCLV) is an undergraduate and graduate public university in Santa Clara, Cuba, founded in 1952 and having a remote campus called "Universidad de Montaña" in Topes de Collantes, the heart of the Escambray Mountains.

It is the alma mater of the current President of Cuba and First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, Miguel Díaz-Canel.
Pyotr Zakharov-Chechenets
Pyotr Zakharovich Zakharov-Chechenets (Russian: Пётр Захарович Захаров-Чеченец; 1816 – 1846) was a Russian painter of Chechen origin, best known for his portraits, typical of Romantic style. He is generally remembered as the first professional painter of Chechen origin.

Chechens
The Chechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃɛnz, tʃəˈtʃɛnz/ CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus. They are the largest ethnic group in the region and refer to themselves as Nokhchiy (pronounced [no̞xtʃʼiː]; singular Nokhchi, Nokhcho, Nakhchuo or Nakhche). The vast majority of Chechens are Muslims and live in Chechnya, an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.

The North Caucasus has been invaded numerous times throughout history. Its isolated terrain and the strategic value outsiders have placed on the areas settled by Chechens has contributed much to the Chechen community ethos and helped shape its national character.

Chechen society is largely egalitarian and organized around tribal autonomous local clans, called teips, informally organized into loose confederations called tukkhums.
Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft Corp.
Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft Corp., also known as Lucent Technologies Inc. v. Gateway Inc., was a long-running patent infringement case between Alcatel-Lucent and Microsoft litigated in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California and appealed multiple times to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Alcatel-Lucent was awarded $1.53 billion in a final verdict in August 2007 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California in San Diego. The damages award was reversed on appeal in September 2009, and the case was returned for a separate trial on the amount of damages.

AT&T Corporation
AT&T Corporation, an abbreviation of its former name, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, was an American telecommunications company that provided voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies.

During the Bell System's long history, AT&T was at times the world's largest telecommunications company, the world's largest cable television operator, and a regulated monopoly. At its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, it employed one million people and its revenue ranged between US$3 billion in 1950 ($42.6 billion in present-day terms) and $12 billion in 1966 ($120 billion in present-day terms).

In 2005, AT&T was acquired by "Baby Bell" and former subsidiary SBC Communications for more than $16 billion ($25.8 billion in present-day terms). SBC then changed its name to AT&T Inc., with AT&T Corporation continuing to exist as a long-distance calling subsidiary until its dissolution on May 1, 2024.
Glasgow Empire Theatre
Glasgow Empire Theatre, known as the Glasgow Palace Empire until the early 1900s, was a major theatre in Glasgow, Scotland, which opened in 1897 on the site of the Gaiety Theatre at 31–35 Sauchiehall Street.
It was one of the leading theatres in the UK chain of theatres owned and developed by Moss Empires under the chairmanship of Sir Edward Moss, who served his apprenticeship in Greenock
and elsewhere.

Andy Stewart (musician)
Andrew Stewart MBE (30 December 1933 – 11 October 1993) was a Scottish singer and entertainer. He presented the BBC TV variety show The White Heather Club throughout the 1960s, and his song "Donald Where's Your Troosers?" was a hit in both 1960 and 1989. Internationally, the song most closely associated with Stewart is "A Scottish Soldier".
Vice Versa (1988 film)
Vice Versa is a 1988 American fantasy comedy film directed by Brian Gilbert and starring Judge Reinhold and Fred Savage. It is the fourth film adaptation of F. Anstey's 1882 novel of the same name, following the British films released in 1916, 1937 and 1948.

Fantasy comedy
Fantasy comedy (also called comic fantasy) is a subgenre of fantasy that is primarily humorous in intent and tone. Typically set in imaginary worlds, fantasy comedy often involves puns on, and parodies of, other works of fantasy.
Swainsona disjuncta
Swainsona disjuncta is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to widely separated areas of central Australia. It is a prostrate perennial herb with imparipinnate leaves with 3 to 9 egg-shaped leaflets, and racemes of purple, pink or red flowers in racemes of 3 to 15.

Papilionaceous flower
Papilionaceous flowers (from Latin: papilion, a butterfly) are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla found in many, though not all, plants of the species-rich Faboideae subfamily of legumes. Tournefort suggested that the term Flores papilionacei originated with Valerius Cordus, who applied it to the flowers of the bean.
French Labour Court elections
The French Labour Court elections (French: Élections prud'homales françaises) were held every five years to elect the lay judges, known as conseillers prud'homaux, who arbitrate labour disputes within the Conseil de prud'hommes (French Labour Court), a specialized court tasked with resolving conflicts between employees and employers governed by labour law.

The elections were abolished in 2014. The last elections took place in 2008, and the final elected mandate of councilors concluded on 31 December 2017.

Lay judge
A lay judge, sometimes called a lay assessor, is a person assisting a judge in a trial. Lay judges are used in some civil law jurisdictions. Lay judges are appointed volunteers and often require some legal instruction. However, they are not permanent officers. They attend proceedings about once a month, and often receive only nominal or "costs covered" pay. Lay judges are usually used when the country does not have juries. Lay judges may be randomly selected for a single trial (as jurors are), or politically appointed. In the latter case they may usually not be rejected by the prosecution, the defense, or the permanent judges. Lay judges are similar to magistrates of England and Wales, but magistrates sit about twice as often.
Turd blossom
"Turd blossom" is a Texan United States term for a flower which grows from a pile of cow dung.

The term gained fame in the United States in 2004 as a nickname that was reportedly assigned by former U.S. President George W. Bush as a term of endearment for his former chief political advisor, Karl Rove. In July 2005, several newspapers declined to run two Doonesbury comic strips portraying Bush addressing Rove by this nickname.

Cow dung
Cow dung, also known as cowpats or cow pats, cow pies, cow faeces, or cow manure, is the waste product (faeces) of bovine animal species. These species include domestic cattle ("cows"), bison ("buffalo"), yak, and water buffalo. Cow dung is the undigested residue of plant matter which has passed through the animal's gut, as well as water, gut bacteria, old red blood cells and digestive enzymes. The resultant faecal matter is rich in minerals. The colour ranges from greenish to blackish, often darkening soon after exposure to air.
Biofact (biology)
In biology, a biofact is dead material of a once-living organism.

In 1943, the protozoologist Bruno M. Klein of Vienna (1891–1968) coined the term in his article Biofakt und Artefakt in the microscopy journal Mikrokosmos, though at that time it was not adopted by the scientific community. Klein's concept of biofact stressed the dead materials produced by living organisms as sheaths, such as shells.

The word biofact is now widely used in the zoo/aquarium world, but was first used by Lisbeth Bornhofft in 1993 in the Education Department at the New England Aquarium, Boston, to refer to preserved items such as animal bones, skins, molts and eggs. The Accreditation Standards and Related Policies of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums states that biofacts can be useful education tools, and are preferable to live animals because of potential ethical considerations.

Protistology
Protistology is a scientific discipline devoted to the study of protists, a highly diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. All eukaryotes apart from animals, plants and fungi are considered protists. Its field of study therefore overlaps with the more traditional disciplines of phycology, mycology, and protozoology, just as protists embrace mostly unicellular organisms described as algae, some organisms regarded previously as primitive fungi, and protozoa ("animal" motile protists lacking chloroplasts).

They are a paraphyletic group with very diverse morphologies and lifestyles. Their sizes range from unicellular picoeukaryotes only a few micrometres in diameter to multicellular marine algae several metres long.
The Little Apocalypse (1993 film)
The Little Apocalypse (French: La Petite Apocalypse) is a 1993 French comedy film adapted from the novel by Tadeusz Konwicki and directed by Costa-Gavras. It was entered into the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival.

43rd Berlin International Film Festival
The 43rd annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 11 to 22 February 1993.

The Golden Bear was jointly awarded to American-Taiwanese film The Wedding Banquet directed by Ang Lee and Chinese film Woman Sesame Oil Maker directed by Xie Fei.

The retrospective dedicated to CinemaScope was shown at the festival.
1947 Croke Cup
The 1947 Croke Cup was the fourth staging of the Croke Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1944.

St Flannan's College were the defending champions.

The final was played on 4 May 1947 at Thurles Sportsfield, between St Flannan's College and Cistercian College, Roscrea, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St Flannan's College won the match by 6–08 to 3–01 to claim their fourth successive Croke Cup title.

Semple Stadium
FBD Semple Stadium is the home of hurling and Gaelic football for Tipperary GAA and for the province of Munster. Located in Thurles, County Tipperary, it is the second largest GAA stadium in Ireland (after Croke Park), with a capacity of 45,690 and named after Tom Semple, the captain of the Thurles "Blues". He won All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship medals in 1900, 1906, and 1908.

The stadium is the leading venue for Munster hurling followers, having hosted the Munster Hurling Final on many memorable occasions.
Sir George Leith, 2nd Baronet
Major-General Sir George Alexander William Leith, 2nd Baronet KCB (1766 – 25 January 1842) was the first Lieutenant-Governor of Prince of Wales' Island (Penang Island), replacing George Caunter, a magistrate who was acting superintendent following the resignation and departure of the last governor, Superintendent Major Forbes Ross MacDonald. Leith served in that position from his arrival in 1800 until 1804.

Penang Island
Penang Island is the main constituent island of the Malaysian state of Penang. It is located off the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Malacca Strait, with the Penang Strait separating the island from Seberang Perai on the mainland. The 295 km2 (114 sq mi) island makes up approximately 28% of Penang's total land mass and is home to about 45% of the state's population as of 2020. The entire island falls under the city of George Town, which also administers the surrounding islets.
Svarthornbotnen Cirque
Svarthornbotnen Cirque (71°35′S 12°36′E﻿ / ﻿71.583°S 12.600°E﻿ / -71.583; 12.600) is a large cirque just northeast of Store Svarthorn Peak in the Mittlere Petermann Range, Wohlthat Mountains in Antarctica.  Discovered and plotted from air photos by German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Replotted by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and named Svarthornbotnen (the black peak cirque).

New Swabia
New Swabia (Norwegian and German: Neuschwabenland) was an area of Antarctica explored, with the intention to claim it, by Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1939, within the Norwegian territorial claim of Queen Maud Land. The region was named after the expedition's ship, Schwabenland, itself named after the German region of Swabia. Although the name "New Swabia" is occasionally mentioned in historical contexts, it is not an officially recognized cartographic name in modern use. The area is now part of Queen Maud Land, governed under the Antarctic Treaty System.