hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taxation in Andorra
The tax system of Andorra has evolved according to the country's economic activity and structure, and the tax bases have been expanded to optimally distribute the weight of the tax burden, going from an almost exclusively indirect tax system to a system with direct taxation that can be approved at the international level. Despite its taxes, Andorra ceased to be a tax haven for its neighboring countries years ago, and for the European Union and OECD recently.

In accordance with the mandate established in the 1993 Constitution, tax powers are divided between the Comuns — town councils – and the Government.

Constitution of Andorra
The Constitution of Andorra (Catalan: Constitució d'Andorra) is the supreme law of the Principality of Andorra. It was adopted on 2 February 1993 and given assent by the Andorran people in a referendum on 14 March 1993. According to the Constitution itself, it was to enter into force on the day of its publication in the Butlletí Oficial del Principat d'Andorra, which occurred on 28 April 1993.

The Constitution was signed by Andorra's two co-princes: the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell, who at that time were François Mitterrand and Joan Martí Alanis respectively. The new constitution stipulates that these two officials are Andorra's heads of state. Indeed, this arrangement has existed for centuries, although at one time, the French king or emperor held the position now held by the French president.
Missorium of Theodosius I
The Missorium of Theodosius I is a large ceremonial silver dish preserved in the Real Academia de la Historia, in Madrid, Spain. It was probably made in Constantinople for the tenth anniversary (decennalia) in 388 AD of the reign of the Emperor Theodosius I, the last Emperor to rule both the Eastern and Western Empires.  It is one of the best surviving examples of Late Antique Imperial imagery and one of the finest examples of late Roman goldsmith work. It is the largest and most elaborate, and the most famous, of the 19 surviving vessels believed to represent largitio ("largesse") or a "ceremonial gift given by the emperor to a civil or military official".

Goldsmith
A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with gold and other precious metals. Modern goldsmiths mainly specialize in jewelry-making but historically, they have also made silverware, platters, goblets, decorative and serviceable utensils, and ceremonial or religious items.

Goldsmiths must be skilled in forming metal through filing, soldering, sawing, forging, casting, and polishing. The trade has very often included jewelry-making skills, as well as the very similar skills of the silversmith. Traditionally, these skills had been passed along through apprenticeships; more recently jewelry arts schools, specializing in teaching goldsmithing and a multitude of skills falling under the jewelry arts umbrella, are available. Many universities and junior colleges also offer goldsmithing, silversmithing, and metal arts fabrication as a part of their fine arts curriculum.
Quem Matou Pixote?
Quem Matou Pixote? (English: Who Killed Pixote?) is a 1996 Brazilian drama biographical film directed by José Joffily. Based on the true story of Fernando Ramos da Silva, actor of Hector Babenco's Pixote: A Lei do Mais Fraco (1981).

Héctor Babenco
Héctor Eduardo Babenco (February 7, 1946 – July 13, 2016) was an Argentine-born Brazilian film director, screenwriter, producer and actor who worked in several countries including Brazil, Argentina, and the United States. He was one of the first Brazilian filmmakers to gain international critical acclaim, through his films which often dealt with social outcasts on the fringes of society. His best-known works include Pixote (1980), Kiss of the Spider Woman (1985), Ironweed (1987), At Play in the Fields of the Lord (1990) and Carandiru (2003).

Babenco's films brought him several accolades. He was nominated three times for the Palme d'Or of the Cannes Film Festival, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director for Kiss of the Spider Woman. He won the Grande Prêmio do Cinema Brasileiro twice, and the Prêmio ACIE de Cinema once.
Novy Mir, Kursk Oblast
Novy Mir (Russian: Новый Мир) is a rural locality (Russian: село, lit. 'village') in Selektsionny Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  70 (2010 Census); 99 (2002 Census);

Lgovsky District
Lgovsky District (Russian: Льго́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central eastern part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,080 square kilometers (420 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Lgov (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 11,942 (2021 Census); 14,451 (2010 Census);  19,313 (2002 Census); 23,866 (1989 Soviet census).
McGrady Cove
McGrady Cove (66°16′S 110°34′E﻿ / ﻿66.267°S 110.567°E﻿ / -66.267; 110.567) is a cove at the head of Newcomb Bay in the Windmill Islands of Antarctica. It was first mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump and Operation Windmill in 1947 and 1948, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Chief Photographer's Mate E.D. McGrady, U.S. Navy, who participated in the flights of Operation Highjump over the Windmill Islands in 1947.

Operation Windmill
Operation Windmill (OpWml) was the United States Navy's Second Antarctica Developments Project, an exploration and training mission to Antarctica in 1947–1948. This operation was a follow-up to the First Antarctica Development Project known as Operation Highjump (1946–1947). The expedition was commanded by Commander Gerald L. Ketchum, USN, and the flagship of Task Force 39 was the icebreaker USS Burton Island.

Missions during Operation Windmill varied including supply activities, helicopter reconnaissance of ice flows, scientific surveys, underwater demolition surveys, and convoy exercises. Malcolm Davis collected live animals, such as penguins and leopard seals, for zoological studies.

The icebreaker USS Edisto (AG-89) sailed on 1 November 1947 for the Panama Canal to rendezvous with the Burton Island for the expedition.
Yi Mu
Yi Mu is a name borne by several Korean people:

Yi Mu (early Joseon) (1355–1409), a scholar-official of the early Joseon Dynasty

Yi Mu (mid-Joseon) (1621–1703), a scholar-official of the middle Joseon Dynasty also known by his art name Nakgye

Yi Mu (academic), a professor in Australia

Koreans
Koreans are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. The majority of Koreans live in the two Korean sovereign states of North and South Korea, which are collectively referred to as Korea. As of 2021, an estimated 7.3 million ethnic Koreans resided outside of Korea. Koreans are also an officially recognised ethnic minority in other several Continental and East Asian countries, including China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Outside of Continental and East Asia, sizeable Korean communities have formed in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
Tour des Fjords
Tour des Fjords (known as the Rogaland Grand Prix until 2012) was a road bicycle race held annually between 2008 and 2018 in the region of western Norway. The race merged with the Tour of Norway prior to its 2019 edition, with Tour des Fjords AS becoming its organiser.

2019 Tour of Norway
The 2019 Tour of Norway was a road cycling stage race that took place in Norway between 28 May 2019 and 2 June 2019. It was the ninth edition of the Tour of Norway and was rated as a 2.HC event as part of the 2019 UCI Europe Tour.
Judge Dredd (pinball)
Judge Dredd is a four-player pinball game produced by Bally Manufacturing in 1993, based on the British comic strip Judge Dredd in 2000 AD. Nearly 7,000 were manufactured.

An eight-page full colour promotional comic was released by Bally and Egmont in 1993, which reprinted the story Pinboing Wizard from the Judge Dredd Annual 1981, written by Judge Dredd creator John Wagner and illustrated by Mike McMahon.

Egmont Group
The Egmont Group (officially Egmont International Holding A/S; known as Gutenberghus Group until 1992) is a Danish media corporation founded and rooted in Copenhagen, Denmark. The business area of Egmont has traditionally been magazine publishing, but has over the years evolved to comprise mass media generally.
Quinchía mine
The Quinchía mine is a gold mine in Colombia. The mine is located in Quinchía, Risaralda. The mine has estimated reserves of 390,000 ounces (11 t) of gold and 817,000 ounces (23.2 t) of silver. In 2016, Quinchía produced 73,475.73 kilograms (2,591,780 oz) of gold, and 10,587.99 kilograms (373,480 oz) of silver.

Risaralda Department
Risaralda (Spanish pronunciation: [risaˈɾalda]) is a department of Colombia. It is located in the western central of the country, in the Andean region, It is part of the Coffee axis with Caldas and Quindío. Its capital is Pereira. Risaralda is very well known for the high quality of its coffee, and a booming industry: automotive, clothes, food, trading of goods and services.

It was divided from the department of Caldas in 1966. The territory is very mountainous and has many kinds of climates in a very small area. Its proximity to harbours such as Buenaventura on the Pacific Region and to the biggest cities in Colombia – Bogotá, Cali, Medellín – makes it a fast-growing economic centre.
NJ Transit Rail Operations
NJ Transit Rail Operations (reporting mark NJTR) is the rail division of NJ Transit. It operates commuter rail service in New Jersey, with most service centered on transportation to and from New York City, Hoboken, and Newark. NJ Transit also operates rail service in Orange and Rockland counties in New York under contract to Metro-North Railroad. The commuter rail lines saw 59,447,200 riders in 2024, making it the third-busiest commuter railroad in North America and the longest commuter rail system in North America by route length.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Sunarto Rasidi
Sunarto Rasidi (born (1975-02-23)23 February 1975) is an Indonesian male weightlifter, competing in the 62 kg category and representing Indonesia at international competitions. He competed at world championships, most recently at the 2003 World Weightlifting Championships. He participated at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the 62 kg event.

Weightlifting at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 62 kg
The men's 62 kilograms weightlifting event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece took place at the Nikaia Olympic Weightlifting Hall on 16 August.

Total score was the sum of the lifter's best result in each of the snatch and the clean and jerk, with three lifts allowed for each lift.  In case of a tie, the lighter lifter won; if still tied, the lifter who took the fewest attempts to achieve the total score won.  Lifters without a valid snatch score did not perform the clean and jerk.
Porpentine (game designer)
Porpentine Charity Heartscape (born 1987) is a video game designer, new media artist, writer and curator based in Oakland, California.  They are primarily a developer of hypertext games and interactive fiction mainly built using Twine. They have been awarded a Creative Capital grant, a Rhizome.org commission, the Prix Net Art, and a Sundance Institute's New Frontier Story Lab Fellowship. Their work was included in the 2017 Whitney Biennial. They were an editor for freeindiegam.es, a curated collection of free, independently produced games. They were a columnist for online PC gaming magazine Rock, Paper, Shotgun.

Rock Paper Shotgun
Rock Paper Shotgun (also rendered as Rock, Paper, Shotgun) is a British video game journalism website. It was launched in 2007 to focus on PC games and was acquired by Gamer Network, a network of sites led by Eurogamer, in May 2017.
1977 American Airlines Tennis Games – Doubles
Colin Dibley and Sandy Mayer were the defending champions but only Dibley competed that year with Haroon Rahim.

Dibley and Rahim lost in the first round to Robert Lutz and Stan Smith.

Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan won in the final 7–6, 7–6 against Marty Riessen and Roscoe Tanner.

Bob Lutz (tennis)
Robert Lutz (born August 29, 1947) is an American former amateur and a professional tennis player of the 1960s and 1970s. He and Stan Smith were one of the best doubles teams of all time. Bud Collins ranked Lutz as world No. 7 in singles in 1972. From 1967 to 1977, he was ranked amongst the top-10 American players eight times, with his highest ranking being No. 5 in both 1968 and 1970.
Shatsk, Volyn Oblast
Shatsk (Ukrainian: Шацьк, pronounced [ˈʃɑtsʲk]; Polish: Szack; Yiddish: שאצק, romanized: Shatsk) is a rural settlement in Volyn Oblast, Kovel Raion, north-western Ukraine. It is located to the north-west of Kovel. Population: 5,249 (2022 estimate).

The village is situated in a picturesque area in the western part of Volyn Woodlands, surrounded by lakes, which are sometimes called Shatsky (Velyke Chorne, Svitiaz, Pulemetske, Luka, Liutsymer, Somynets, Karasynets, Ozertse).

In 2017, a postage stamp featuring the coat of arms of Shatsk was released by Ukrposhta.

Kovel Raion
Kovel Raion (Ukrainian: Ковельський район) is a raion (district) in Volyn Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Kovel. Population: 265,304 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Volyn Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Kovel Raion was significantly expanded.

The district is divided into 23 territorial communities.

The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 40,395 (2020 est.).
Safe Havens
Safe Havens is a comic strip drawn by cartoonist Bill Holbrook. It was originally syndicated by Washington Post Writers Group starting October 3, 1988 as a weekday only strip (opposite the Sunday only strip Outland by Berkeley Breathed), the strip switched to King Features Syndicate in 1993. The strip has been published in more than 50 newspapers. The strip originally concerned the group of pre-schoolers at Safe Havens Day Care, but has focused on Samantha and followed her as she has grown up (approximately in real-time) and gone through elementary school, high school, college, and (currently) marriage. The comic then went online in 2010.

The strip is located near the seashore in the fictional city of Havens, several hundred miles from the state capital. However, in 2018 the setting changed to a spaceship on a crewed mission to Mars that lasted until January 2021.

Berkeley Breathed
Guy Berkeley "Berke" Breathed (/ˈbrɛθɪd/; born June 21, 1957) is an American cartoonist, children's book author, director, and screenwriter, known for his comic strips Bloom County, Outland, and Opus. Bloom County earned Breathed the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1987.
Jack Keith Murray
Sir Jack Keith Murray, KBE, ED (8 February 1889 – 10 December 1979), often cited as J. K. Murray, was an Australian colonial administrator, army officer, and educator. He was Administrator of the Australian Territory of Papua and New Guinea, and foundation Professor of Agriculture at the Queensland Agricultural College (now University of Queensland, Gatton campus).

Territory of Papua and New Guinea
The Territory of Papua and New Guinea was established by an administrative union between the Australian-administered territories of Papua and New Guinea (the latter being a United Nations trust territory administered by Australia) in 1949. In December 1971, the name of the Territory changed to "Papua New Guinea" and in 1975 it became the Independent State of Papua New Guinea.
Alfred Kinney
Alfred Kinney was a politician from Arizona. He was one of the first two state senators from Gila County, serving in the first three state legislatures, and the 6th through 10th legislatures, a total of eight legislatures overall.

Gila County, Arizona
Gila County (/ˈhiːlə/ HEE-lə) is a county in the central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,272. The county seat is Globe.

Gila County comprises the Payson, Arizona micropolitan statistical area which is included in the greater Phoenix–Mesa, AZ combined statistical area.

Gila County contains parts of Fort Apache Indian Reservation and San Carlos Indian Reservation.
John Myhre
John Myhre (born 1959) is an American production designer who has been working in Hollywood since the late 1980s.

He received his first Academy Award nomination, for Best Art Direction, in 1998, for Shekhar Kapur's Elizabeth, bringing him to the forefront of Hollywood production designers. His credits have included X-Men, Ali and The Haunted Mansion. He is also a frequent collaborator of director Rob Marshall, working on the films Chicago, Memoirs of a Geisha, Nine, Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides and Mary Poppins Returns with the former two winning him the Academy Award for Best Art Direction.

Myhre's production design was also seen in 2006 on Bill Condon's Dreamgirls, which was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Art Direction.

2006 in film
The following is an overview of events in 2006, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths. Pixar celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2006 with the release of its 7th film, Cars.
Omberacetam
Omberacetam, also known as N-phenylacetyl-l-prolylglycine ethyl ester, is promoted as a nootropic and is a prodrug of cyclic glycine-proline. Other names include the brand name Noopept (Russian: Ноопепт), developmental code GVS-111.

Its synthesis was first reported in 1996. It is orally available. As of 2017, its metabolism and elimination half-life in humans were not well understood.

It has been evaluated for neuroprotective effects in treating brain injuries and stroke.

Neuroprotection
Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function. In the case of an ongoing insult (a neurodegenerative insult) the relative preservation of neuronal integrity implies a reduction in the rate of neuronal loss over time, which can be expressed as a differential equation.
2002 ARCA Re/Max Series
The 2002 ARCA Re/Max Series was the 50th season of the ARCA Racing Series, a division of the Automobile Racing Club of America (ARCA). The season began on February 10, 2002, with the ARCA 200 at Daytona International Speedway. The season ended with the EasyCare Vehicle Services Contract 200 at Lowe's Motor Speedway on October 11. Frank Kimmel won the drivers championship, his fourth in the series and third in a row, and Chad Blount won the Rookie of the Year award.

Chad Blount
Chad Blount (born September 4, 1979) is an American former stock car racing driver. He raced in all three of NASCAR's major series, with his last appearance coming in 2010. He currently serves as shop car chief for Rick Ware Racing.
2012 Malaysian Open – Doubles
Dinara Safina and Galina Voskoboeva were the defending champions, but both players chose not to participate.
Chang Kai-chen and Chuang Chia-jung won the title after defeating Chan Hao-ching and Rika Fujiwara 7–5, 6–4 in the final.

Dinara Safina
Dinara Mubinovna Safina (Russian: Динара Мубиновна Сафина, pronounced [dʲɪˈnarə ˈsafʲɪnə] ⓘ; Tatar: Динара Мөбин кызы Сафина, romanized: Dinara Möbin kızı Safina; born April 27, 1986) is a Russian former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 26 weeks, and world No. 8 in doubles. Safina won twelve WTA Tour-level singles titles and nine in doubles, including the women's doubles title at the 2007 US Open with Nathalie Dechy. She was the runner-up at three major singles tournaments: the 2008 French Open, 2009 Australian Open, and 2009 French Open, and won an Olympic silver medal in singles at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

Safina officially retired in 2014 due to a long-term back injury. She is the younger sister of former world No. 1 men's player Marat Safin; the brother–sister pair are the first to both achieve the No. 1 singles rankings.
Blue Gum Swamp
The Blue Gum Swamp is a  swamp located in Blue Mountains National Park in the lower Grose Valley of the Blue Mountains,  in New South Wales west of Sydney, southeastern Australia. It is situated adjacent to the Blue Gum Swamp Creek near Winmalee and  is within the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Greater Blue Mountains Area.

Winmalee, New South Wales
Winmalee is a suburb in New South Wales, Australia. Winmalee is located 77 kilometres (48 mi) west of the Sydney CBD, in the local government area of the City of Blue Mountains. As of the 2021 census, Winmalee has a population of 6,388.

Originally known as North Springwood, Winmalee was officially established in 1972. Springwood is historically significant as the first European settlement in the Blue Mountains. Winmalee is surrounded by Blue Mountains National Park. This National Park is on the World Heritage List and is known as the Greater Blue Mountains Area World Heritage Site. Winmalee extends from Birdwood Avenue and Paulwood Avenue to Coramandel Avenue and east to a point part-way along Singles Ridge Road.
Celli
Celli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angelo Celli (1857–1914), Italian physician

Antonio Celli (1595–1645), Italian Roman Catholic bishop

Camus Celli, American songwriter, record producer and entrepreneur

Claudio Maria Celli (born 1941), Italian Roman Catholic archbishop

Giorgio Celli (1935–2011), Italian politician

Gregorio Celli (1225–1343), Italian Roman Catholic priest

Joseph Celli (born 1944), American musician and composer

Luca Celli (born 1979), Italian cyclist

Oscar Celli Gerbasi (1946–2016), Venezuelan politician

Ottorino Celli (born 1980), Italian cyclist

Paola Celli (born 1967), Italian swimmer

Rita Celli (born c. 1969), Canadian radio journalist

Rose Celli (1895–1982), French novelist, playwright, translator and poet

Teresa Celli (born 1924), American actress

Vincenzo Celli (1900–1988), Italian-American ballet dancer and choreographer

Angelo Celli
Angelo Celli (25 March 1857 – 2 November 1914) was an Italian physician, hygienist, parasitologist  and philanthropist known for his pioneering work on the malarial parasite and control of malaria. He was Professor of Hygiene at the University of Palermo, and then at the Sapienza University of Rome. He founded the Pasteur Institute of Italy. With his wife Anna Fraentzel he established a number of medical schools in the Roman Campagna and dispensaries in Rome. He and Ettore Marchiafava correctly described the protozoan parasite that caused malaria and gave it the scientific name Plasmodium in 1885. Understanding the nature of malaria, he was among the first scientists to advocate and work for eradication of insects to prevent infectious diseases.  He was elected to the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy in 1892.