hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Pallavicini
Thomas Pallavicini (Italian: Tommaso Pallavicini) was the marquess of Bodonitsa following a disputed succession in 1286. He was the grandson of Rubino, younger brother of Guy, the first margrave.

In 1286, the marchioness Isabella, Guy's daughter, died childless and the marquisate was immediately the subject of disputed claims: that of Thomas and that of her widower. Bodonitsa was a vassal of the Principality of Achaea, which was held by the bailli William de la Roche, the duke of Athens, at the time. William, though a relative of the Pallavicini, presiding in his capacity as bailiff over the feudal court of Achaea, did not decide for Thomas as successor of Isabella before Thomas seized the castle of Bodonitsa and thus installed himself undisputedly as master of the march. He ruled it quietly for an unknown period of time, perhaps beyond 1300, and transmitted it to his son Albert.

Bailiff (France)
A bailiff (French: bailli, pronounced [baji] ⓘ) was the king's administrative representative during the ancien régime in northern France, where the bailiff was responsible for the application of justice and control of the administration and local finances in his bailiwick (baillage).
Lightspeed (brokerage)
Lightspeed Trading, LLC offers an electronic trading platform to trade financial assets including common stocks, preferred stocks, futures contracts, exchange-traded funds, options, mutual funds, and fixed income investments. It also provides margin lending, and cash management services.

Margin (finance)
In finance, margin is the collateral that a holder of a financial instrument has to deposit with a counterparty (most often a broker or an exchange) to cover some or all of the credit risk the holder poses for the counterparty. This risk can arise if the holder has done any of the following:

Borrowed cash from the counterparty to buy financial instruments,

Borrowed financial instruments to sell them short,

Entered into a derivative contract.

The collateral for a margin account can be the cash deposited in the account or securities provided, and represents the funds available to the account holder for further share trading. On United States futures exchanges, margins were formerly called performance bonds. Most of the exchanges today use SPAN ("Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk") methodology, which was developed by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1988, for calculating margins for options and futures.
Alder flycatcher
The alder flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) is a small insect-eating bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. The genus name Empidonax is from Ancient Greek empis, "gnat", and anax, "master". The specific alnorum is Latin and means "of the alders".

Gnat
A gnat (/ˈnæt/)  (also knat) is any of many species of tiny flying insects in the dipterid suborder Nematocera, especially those in the families Mycetophilidae, Anisopodidae and Sciaridae.  Most often they fly in large numbers, called clouds. "Gnat" is a loose descriptive category rather than a phylogenetic or other technical term, so there is no scientific consensus on what constitutes a gnat. Some entomologists consider only non-biting flies to be gnats. Certain universities and institutes also distinguish eye gnats: the Smithsonian Institution describes them as "non-biting flies, no bigger than a few grains of salt, ... attracted to fluids secreted by your eyes".
Christoffer Bengtsberg
Christoffer Bengtsberg (born 1 November 1989) is a Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender. He is presently an active player for Lillehammer IK of the Norwegian GET-ligaen.

Bengtsberg made his Elitserien debut playing with HV71 during the 2008–09 Elitserien season.

After finishing the 2014–15 season with Södertälje SK in the HockeyAllsvenskan, Bengtsberg opted to pursue a North American career, signing a one-year ECHL contract with the Evansville IceMen on 6 August 2015.

HV71
HV71 (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhôːveː ˌɧɵtːɪˈɛtː]), often referred to as just HV, is a Swedish professional ice hockey club based in Jönköping, playing in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL), the first tier of Swedish ice hockey. The team played in the 2008–09 Champions Hockey League season, and has also participated in the new Champions Hockey League tournament since the 2014–15 season. Between 2008 and 2013, HV also participated in the European Trophy tournament. With the exception of a one-year stint in the 2021–22 season in Sweden's second tier, HockeyAllsvenskan, where they won the promotion playoffs, the club has played continuously in the SHL since being promoted in the 1984–85 season.
Circle of Tchaikovsky
The Circle of Tchaikovsky, also known as Tchaikovtsy/Chaikovtsy/Tcaycoffsky (Russian: Чайковцы), or the Grand Propaganda Society (Russian: Большое общество пропаганды, Bolshoye obshchestvo propagandy) was a Russian literary society for self-education and a revolutionary organization of the Narodniks in the early 1870s. It was named after Nikolai Tchaikovsky, one of its prominent members.

Literary society
A literary society is a group of people interested in literature. In the modern sense, this refers to a orgaization which promotes the reception of a genre of writing or a specific author. Modern literary societies typically promote research, publish newsletters, and hold meetings where findings can be presented and discussed. Some are more academic and scholarly, while others are more social groups of amateurs who appreciate a chance to discuss their favourite writer with other hobbyists.

Historically, "literary society" has also referred to salons such as those of Madame de Stael, Madame Geoffrin and Madame de Tencin in Ancien Regime France, though these could more accurately be considered literary circles or coteries. Another meaning was of college literary societies, student groups specific to the United States.

The oldest formal societies for writing and promoting poetry are the chambers of rhetoric in the Low Countries, which date back to the Middle Ages.
BBS Autotechnik
BBS Autotechnik GmbH, formerly known as BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik AG (English: BBS Autotechnique GmbH, previously BBS Automotive Technology  AG), is a high-performance automobile wheel design company headquartered in Schiltach, Germany. BBS produces wheels for motorsport, OEM, and aftermarket applications. The company is often credited as pioneering the three-piece wheel and advancing the aluminum wheel industry over many decades, and remains one of the largest producers of automobile wheels in the world. It is a part of KW Automotive since 2021.

The company employs approximately 1,200 employees worldwide (2018). BBS was traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Symbol: BKS3) with a market capitalization of €8.15M.

Aktiengesellschaft
Aktiengesellschaft (German pronunciation: [ˈaktsi̯ənɡəˌzɛlʃaft] ⓘ; abbreviated AG [aːˈgeː] ⓘ) is a German word for a corporation limited by share ownership (i.e., one which is owned by its shareholders) whose shares may be traded on a stock market. The term is used in Germany, Austria, Switzerland (where it is equivalent to a société anonyme or a società per azioni) and South Tyrol for companies incorporated there. In the United Kingdom, the equivalent term is public limited company, and in the United States, while the terms "incorporated" or "corporation" are typically used, technically the more precise equivalent term is "joint-stock company".
Himantolophus stewarti
The Stewart's footballfish (Himantolophus stewarti) is a species of footballfish, a type of anglerfish. The fish is bathydemersal and has been found at depths ranging from 400 to 1,413 metres (1,312 to 4,636 ft). The species has mainly been found in the Tasman Sea, though it is likely to be endemic to the same areas as Himantolophus appelii.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.
Klaus Rifbjerg Debutant Prize
Klaus Rifbjerg's Debutant Prize (Danish: Klaus Rifbjergs debutantpris for lyrik) was founded in 1983 by Danish author Klaus Rifbjerg, it is awarded every second year to a poet debutant, who has published his or her first collection with poems within the last two years. The poems must be written in one of the three main languages of the Danish Kingdom: Danish, Faroese or Greenlandic.

Klaus Rifbjerg
Klaus Rifbjerg (15 December 1931 – 4 April 2015) was a Danish writer. He authored more than 170 novels, books and essays. In 1965 he co-produced the film 4x4 which was entered into the 4th Moscow International Film Festival.
Greg McDonald
Greg McDonald is a British singer-songwriter who announced the forthcoming release of his debut solo album in 2008. He was the frontman of The Dawn Parade, a Bury St Edmunds based British indie band. He is the main man in contemporary folk band Glymjack.

McDonald's songs have won awards from Rolling Stone and The International Songwriting Competition, and he has been championed by DJs Tom Robinson, Mark Radcliffe, Steve Lamacq and John Peel, for whom he recorded two Peel Sessions.

Tom Robinson
Thomas Giles Robinson (born 1 June 1950) is a British singer, bassist, radio presenter and long-time LGBT rights activist, best known for the hits "Glad to Be Gay", "2-4-6-8 Motorway", and "Don't Take No for an Answer", with his Tom Robinson Band. He later peaked at No. 6 in the UK singles chart with his solo single "War Baby".
ARA Gómez Roca
ARA Gómez Roca (P-46) is the sixth and last ship of the MEKO 140A16 Espora class of six corvettes built in Germany for the Argentine Navy. The ship is the first ship to bear the name of Frigate Captain Sergio Gómez Roca, who commanded the Argentine patrol ship ARA Alferez Sobral during the Falklands War and died in action when the ship was attacked by Royal Navy helicopters. Originally the ship was to have been named Seaver after Captain Benjamin Seaver, a US-born naval hero of the Argentine War of Independence.

MEKO 140
The MEKO 140 is a frigate/corvette design by the German Blohm + Voss shipyard as part of the MEKO family of vessels. The MEKO 140 is a development of the Portuguese Navy's João Coutinho-class corvettes designed by the Portuguese naval engineer Rogério de Oliveira in the late 1960s – three ships of which were built Blohm + Voss in 1970, as an outsourcing.
Lebanese nationalism
Lebanese nationalism is a nationalist ideology which considers the Lebanese people as a separate nation independent from the Arab world and strives to maintain Lebanon as an independent nation-state. The ideology may consider the Lebanese people to be direct descendants of the Phoenicians, a concept associated with Phoenicianism.

The ideology is highly controversial and has been criticized for disuniting the Lebanese people rather than uniting them. While Lebanese nationalism appeals to the Lebanese Maronite and Shia communities, it is generally unpopular among Lebanese Sunni Muslims, who often support Pan-Arabism and Pan-Islamism, as well as among some Greek Orthodox Christians.

Lebanese Sunni Muslims
Lebanese Sunni Muslims (Arabic: المسلمون السنة اللبنانيين) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Sunni branch of Islam in Lebanon, which is one of the largest denomination in Lebanon tied with Shias. Sunni Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium. According to a CIA 2018 study, Lebanese Sunni Muslims constitute an estimated 30.6% of Lebanon's population.

The Lebanese Sunni Muslims are highly concentrated in Lebanon's capital city - Beirut (West Beirut /or Beirut II), as well as Tripoli, Sidon, Western Beqaa, and in the countryside of the Akkar, Arsal. They also have a notable presence in Zahlé, Southern Lebanon, Marjaayoun and Chebaa.

Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Sunni notables traditionally held power in the Lebanese state together, and they are still the only ones eligible for the post of Prime Minister.
Trophogen
Trophogen, Inc. is a biotechnology company based in Rockville, Maryland.

The company was founded in 2001 with Series A funding from Toucan Capital, focusing on the development of human and bovine high affinity glycoprotein hormone and related growth factor superagonist analogs  for human infertility and animal superovulation, as well as targeted therapy and imaging of thyroid, ovarian, breast, prostate and testicular cancers.

Testicle
A testicle, also called testis (pl. testes) is the male gonad in all gonochoric animals, including humans, and is homologous to the ovary, which is the female gonad.  Its primary functions are the production of sperm and the secretion of androgens, primarily testosterone.

The release of testosterone is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland. Sperm production is controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland and by testosterone produced within the gonads.
Clarinet Concerto (Nielsen)
Carl Nielsen's Concerto for Clarinet and orchestra, op. 57 [D.F.129] was written for Danish clarinetist Aage Oxenvad in 1928. The concerto is presented in one long movement, with four distinct theme groups.

Benny Goodman
Benjamin David Goodman (May 30, 1909 – June 13, 1986) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader, known as the "King of Swing". His orchestra did well commercially.

From 1935 until the mid-1940s, Goodman led one of the most popular swing big bands in the United States. His concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City on January 16, 1938, is described by critic Bruce Eder as "the single most important jazz or popular music concert in history: jazz's 'coming out' party to the world of 'respectable' music."

Goodman's bands started the careers of many jazz musicians. During an era of racial segregation, he led one of the first integrated jazz groups, his trio and quartet. He continued performing until the end of his life while pursuing an interest in classical music.
1975 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles
Evonne Goolagong and Peggy Michel were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Sue Barker and Glynis Coles.

Ann Kiyomura and Kazuko Sawamatsu defeated Françoise Dürr and Betty Stöve in the final, 7–5, 1–6, 7–5 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 1975 Wimbledon Championships.

Betty Stöve
Betty Flippina Stöve (born 24 June 1945) is a Dutch former professional tennis player. She is best known for reaching the ladies' singles final, the ladies' doubles final and the mixed doubles final during the same year at Wimbledon in 1977. She also won ten Grand Slam titles in women's doubles and mixed doubles.
Tyrella Lifeboat Station
Tyrella Lifeboat Station was located near the beach, in the parish of Tyrella, close to the village of Ballykinler, overlooking Dundrum Bay, on the coast of County Down in Northern Ireland.

A lifeboat was first stationed at Tyrella in 1838 by the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS), but had ceased to operate by 1851. A new lifeboat station was established by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1860.

After operating for 39 years, Tyrella Lifeboat Station closed in 1899.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Room service
Room service or in-room dining is a hotel service enabling guests to choose items of food and drink for delivery to their hotel room for consumption. Room service is organized as a subdivision within the food and beverage department of high-end hotel and resort properties. It is uncommon for room service to be offered in hotels that are not high-end, or in motels. Room service may also be provided for guests on cruise ships. Room service may be provided on a 24-hour basis or limited to late night hours only. Due to the cost of customized orders and delivery of room service, prices charged to the patron are typically much higher than in the hotel's restaurant or tuck shop, and a gratuity is expected in some regions.

Resort
A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that aims to provide most of a vacationer's needs. This includes food, drink, accommodation, sports, entertainment and shopping, on the premises. A hotel is frequently a central feature of a resort and the term resort may be used for a hotel that provides an array of entertainment and recreational activities.

Some resorts are also condominium complexes that offer timeshares or fractional ownership, in addition to wholly owned condominiums. A resort is not always a commercial establishment operated by a single company, but in the late 20th century, this type became more common.

In British English, "resort" means a town which people visit for holidays and day trips, typically containing hotels where holidaymakers stay. Blackpool and Brighton in UK and Ayia Napa in Cyprus are examples of such places.
Siemens scandal
The Siemens Scandal (シーメンス事件, Shīmensu jiken) of January 1914 involved collusion between several high-ranking members of the Imperial Japanese Navy, the British company Vickers, and the German industrial conglomerate of Siemens. It was one of several spectacular political scandals of late Meiji and Taishō period Japanese politics, leading to the fall of the cabinet of Yamamoto Gonnohyoe.

Cabinet of Japan
The Cabinet of Japan (内閣, Naikaku; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜi.ka.kɯ]) is the chief executive body of the government of Japan. It consists of the prime minister, who is appointed by the Emperor after being nominated by the National Diet, in addition to up to seventeen other members, called ministers of state. The current cabinet, the Second Takaichi cabinet, was formed on 18 February 2026 and is led by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi. The country has had a Liberal Democratic Party-led majority government since 2026.

The prime minister is nominated by the National Diet, while the remaining ministers are appointed and dismissed by the prime minister. The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the National Diet and must resign if a motion of no confidence is adopted by the National Diet.
Careel Bay
Careel Bay (formerly 'Evening Bay') is a bay and adjacent locality in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.  The locality is within the suburb of Avalon Beach.  The bay lies adjacent to the suburbs of Avalon Beach and Palm Beach in the north east of Pittwater.

Pacific golden plover
The Pacific golden plover (Pluvialis fulva) is a migratory shorebird that breeds during summer in Alaska and Siberia. During nonbreeding season, this medium-sized plover migrates widely across the Pacific.
Hamza Igamane
Hamza Igamane (Arabic: حمزة إكمان, Berber languages: ⵃⴰⵎⵣⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏ; born 2 November 2002) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a striker for  Ligue 1 club Lille and the Morocco national team.

Moroccan Throne Cup
The Throne Cup (Arabic: كأس العرش), also referred to as the Moroccan Throne Cup or Moroccan Cup is a knockout football competition in Moroccan football, organized by the Royal Moroccan Football Federation.

The competition was founded in 1956, making it the oldest Moroccan football competition currently played. Throne Cup winners qualify for the following season's CAF Confederation Cup. If the winners are the league winners or qualified for the CAF Champions League through their league position, the CAF Confederation Cup spot is given to the Cup runner-up's.

AS FAR is the most successful club in the competition, having won 12 titles. Olympic Club Safi is the most recent winner, having defeated RS Berkane in the 2025 final.
Andrew Brown (minister)
Andrew Brown FRSE (22 August 1763 – 19 February 1834) was Professor of Rhetoric at the University of Edinburgh and Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1813. He was also a historian and author, closely connected to the history of Nova Scotia having served as a minister at St. Matthew's United Church in Halifax.

Biggar, South Lanarkshire
Biggar (Scottish Gaelic: Bigear [ˈpikʲəɾ]) is a town, parish and former burgh in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, in the Southern Uplands near the River Clyde on the A702. The closest neighbouring towns are Lanark, Peebles and Carluke.
Margarita Penón
Margarita Penón Góngora (born October 11, 1948) is a Costa Rican politician. She was the First Lady of Costa Rica from 1986-1990, as well as an advocate and promoter of the landmark gender equality law passed in 1990. She ran for the presidential nomination in 1993 and served in the Legislative Assembly between 2002 and 2005. She currently represents Costa Rica on the board of directors of the Central American Bank for Economic Integration.

Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica
The Legislative Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea Legislativa) forms the unicameral legislative branch of the Costa Rican government. The national congress building is located in the capital city, San José, specifically in the Carmen district.

The Legislative Assembly is composed of 57 deputies (Spanish: diputados), who are elected by direct, universal, popular vote on a closed party list, proportional representation basis, by province, for four-year terms. A 1949 constitutional amendment prevents deputies from serving for two successive terms, though a deputy may run for an Assembly seat again after sitting out a term. As of March 2019, a proposal to switch to mixed-member proportional representation based on the German system is under discussion.
Lewis Page Mercier
Reverend Lewis Page Mercier (9 January 1820 – 2 November 1875) was a British priest and translator. He is known today as the translator, along with Eleanor Elizabeth King, of three of the best-known novels of Jules Verne: Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas, From the Earth to the Moon, and Around the Moon. To avoid a conflict of interest with his position as chaplain, Mercier wrote under the pen names of Louis Mercier, MA (Oxon) and Mercier Lewis.

From the Earth to the Moon
From the Earth to the Moon: A Direct Route in 97 Hours, 20 Minutes (French: De la Terre à la Lune, trajet direct en 97 heures 20 minutes) is an 1865 novel by Jules Verne. It tells the story of the Baltimore Gun Club, a post–American Civil War society of weapons enthusiasts, and their attempts to build an enormous Columbiad space gun and launch three people – the Gun Club's president, his Philadelphian armor-making rival, and a French poet – in a projectile with the goal of a Moon landing. Five years later, Verne wrote a sequel called Around the Moon. There are two modern unabridged English translations by Walter James Miller (1978) and Frederick Paul Walter (2010).