hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Private citizen
A private citizen is a citizen who does not have an official or professional role in a given situation.

The same person may be a private citizen in one role, and an official in another. For example, a legislator is an official when voting in the legislature, but a private citizen when paying taxes or when undertaking a citizen's arrest in a public place.

A person may remain a de jure private citizen while having considerable political power and influence:

...Pericles, in his capacity as a private citizen, was able to dominate the affairs of the Athenian assembly, and to direct and guide the demos for nearly a generation.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
1946–47 County Antrim Shield
The 1946–47 County Antrim Shield was the 58th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Linfield won the tournament for the 20th time. The final was not played as Belfast Celtic would not agree to the proposed fixture date of 11 June and the trophy was subsequently awarded to Linfield.

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
Chlorophyllide a reductase
Chlorophyllide a reductase (EC 1.3.7.15), also known as COR, is an enzyme with systematic name bacteriochlorophyllide-a:ferredoxin 7,8-oxidoreductase.  It catalyses the following chemical reaction

This reduction, (with trans stereochemistry) of the sidechains in the pyrrole ring, gives the characteristic 18-electron aromatic system that distinguishes bacteriochlorophylls from chlorophylls, which retain the chlorin system of chlorophyllide a. The enzyme uses ferredoxin and adenosine triphosphate as cofactors and gives adenosine diphosphate and phosphate (Pi) as byproducts.

This enzyme is present in purple bacteria such as Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and Pseudomonadota. It is a component of the biosynthetic pathway to bacteriochlorophylls.

Rhodobacter capsulatus
Rhodobacter capsulatus is a species of purple bacteria, a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis. Its name is derived from the Latin adjective "capsulatus" ("with a chest", "encapsulated"), itself derived Latin noun "capsula" (meaning "a small box or chest"), and the associated Latin suffix for masculine nouns, "-atus" (denoting that something is "provided with" something else).

Its complete genome has been sequenced and is available to the public.
Amorphophallus preussii
Amorphophallus preussii is a species of plant in the family Araceae. It is endemic to Cameroon. Its natural habitats are lowland tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and subtropical and montane tropical and subtropical coniferous forests. It is a Vulnerable species threatened by habitat loss.

Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
Mudd
Mudd is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Mudd (born 1956), American CEO, son of Roger Mudd

David Mudd (1933–2020), English politician

Harvey Seeley Mudd (1888–1955), American mining engineer, namesake of Harvey Mudd College

Henry T. Mudd (1913–1990), American businessman, son of Harvey

Howard Mudd (1942–2020), American football player and coach

Jane Mudd (born 1968), Welsh politician

Jodie Mudd (born 1960), American golfer

Richard Mudd (1901–2002), grandson of Samuel

Robert H. Mudd (1875–1904), American football player and coach

Roger Mudd (1928–2021), American television journalist

Samuel Mudd (1833–1883), American physician who set John Wilkes Booth's broken leg

Seeley G. Mudd (1895–1968), California physician

Seeley W. Mudd (1861–1926), American mining engineer, father of Harvey and Seeley G.

Stuart Mudd (1893–1975), American physician and microbiologist

William Mudd (1830–1879), British lichenologist

David Mudd
William David Mudd (2 June 1933 – 28 April 2020) was a British politician.

Mudd was born in Falmouth, Cornwall, in June 1933. He was educated at Truro Cathedral School and was a member of the Tavistock Urban District Council from 1959 to 1961.  He carried out his National service on merchant ships in the 1950s and, after working for a brief period as a stage manager in ballrooms all over the UK, he decided to take on a career in radio and television broadcast journalism.

He was Conservative MP for Falmouth and Camborne from 1970 until 1992, when he stood down. It was considered a surprise when he decided to stand in his old constituency at the 2005 general election as an independent candidate. He came fifth with 2% of the vote.

In the 1970s, Mudd was a member of Mebyon Kernow as well as the Conservative Party. He was also a newsreader on Westward Television in the 1970s and a Cornish bard.

He died in Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, Devon in April 2020 at the age of 86.
2018 Connecticut Open – Doubles
Gabriela Dabrowski and Xu Yifan were the defending champions, but chose not to participate this year.

Andrea Sestini Hlaváčková and Barbora Strýcová won the title, defeating Hsieh Su-wei and Laura Siegemund in the final, 6–4, 6–7(7–9), [10–4]

Xu Yifan
Xu Yifan (Chinese: 徐一璠; pinyin: Xú Yīfán; Mandarin pronunciation: [ɕy̌ í fǎn]; born 8 August 1988), nicknamed Julie, is a Chinese professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. She reached a career-high ranking of No. 7 in doubles, on 13 January 2020. On 13 July 2015, she peaked at No. 148 in the singles rankings.
Cobham Park (Virginia)
Cobham Park, or Cobham Park Estate, is a historic estate located near Cobham, in Albemarle County and Louisa County, Virginia. The mansion was built in 1856, and is a rectangular 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, double-pile structure covered by a hipped roof with three hipped roof dormers on each of the main slopes, and one dormer on each end. The house is an unusual example of ante-bellum period Georgian style architecture.  It features front and rear, simple Doric order porches supported on square Ionic order columns.  Also on the property are: two smokehouses, one brick and one frame, a frame dependency, and a simple two-story
frame dwelling.  It was the summer home of William Cabell Rives, Jr., (1825-1890), second son of the noted United States senator and minister to France William Cabell Rives.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Secret Story 2 (Portuguese season)
Secret Story - Casa dos Segredos 2 is the second season of the Portuguese version of the reality show Secret Story, based on the original French version of Secret Story, which itself is based on the international format, Big Brother. The series started on 18 September and finished on 31 December, lasting 105 days. It was broadcast on TVI and produced by Endemol Portugal. The series was the last time that the finale took place in Campo Pequeno, Lisbon.

Televisão Independente
TVI (Televisão Independente – "Independent Television") is Portugal's fourth terrestrial television channel, launched in 1993. It was the most watched channel in Portugal from 2005 to 2019, and again from 2024 to 2025. It competes directly with SIC and RTP1. It is one of the two private free-to-air channels in Portugal, among the seven terrestrial free-to-air channels broadcasting from the country.
Ruberodon
Ruberodon is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts known from the type and only species Ruberodon roychowdhurii from the Late Triassic of India. Ruberodon was named in 2015 on the basis of several isolated lower jaws found in the Tiki Formation. The lower jaw of Ruberodon has three pairs of incisors, one pair of canines, and 9 pairs of postcanine teeth. The first pair of incisors is enlarged and protrudes forward from the tip of the jaw and there is a gap called a diastema between the canines and postcanines. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that among traversodontids, R. roychowdhurii is most closely related to Exaeretodon statisticae, which is also from India.

Incisor
Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, whereas armadillos, anteaters and other animals in the superorder Xenarthra have none.
Clamor Heinrich Abel
Clamor Heinrich Abel (1634 – 25 July 1696) was a German composer, violone player and organist.

Abel was born in Hünnefeld, Westphalia, Holy Roman Empire. He worked as a court musician in Köthen, an organist in Celle and from 1666, as a ducal chamber musician in Hanover. From 1694, he was Obermusicus in Bremen and he remained at this post until his death at Bremen in 1696.

Among his best-known works are compositions for string orchestra and chamber music. He composed a collection of 59 individual works under the title Erstlinge musikalischer Blumen. They included works for four instruments and basso continuo - allemandes, courantes, preludes, sarabandas and sonatinas. First they were published in three volumes in Frankfurt (1674, 1676, 1677) and later they were published together as Drei Opera musica (Brunswick, 1687).

He was the father of the violist and violinist Christian Ferdinand Abel and grandfather of the viol virtuoso and composer Carl Friedrich Abel and Leopold August Abel.

Köthen
Köthen ([ˈkøːtn̩] ⓘ) is a town in Germany. It is the capital of the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld in Saxony-Anhalt, about 30 km (19 mi) north of Halle.

Köthen is the location of the main campus and the administrative centre of the regional university, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences/Hochschule Anhalt which is especially strong in information technology. The city is conveniently located at the hub of the Magdeburg–Leipzig, Dessau–Köthen and Köthen–Aschersleben railways.

Köthen is situated in a fertile area with rich black soil suitable to the cultivation of sugar-beets. Industry includes high-tech engineering, manufacture of cranes, as well as chemicals, printing, and foodstuffs.

In English, the name of the city is often spelt anachronistically as Cöthen, a practice that has become standard in the literature relating to the life and work of Johann Sebastian Bach, who resided and worked there from 1717 to 1723.
Dichomeris marginella
Dichomeris marginella, the juniper webber, is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Europe.

The wingspan is 14–16 mm. Labial palps grey, long, upturned. Forewings ochre with white or cream border along the costal and hind edges. Hindwings light grey.

The moths are on wing from May to August depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Juniperus communis, Juniperus chinensis, Juniperus horizontalis, Juniperus recurva and Juniperus virginiana forming silken webs between the needles.

Juniperus recurva
Juniperus recurva, commonly named the Himalayan juniper or drooping juniper, is a juniper native to the Himalaya, from northern Pakistan, through India, Nepal and Bhutan, to western Yunnan in southwestern China. It grows at altitudes of 3,000–4,000 metres (9,800–13,100 feet).
Ayni
Ayni (Quechua and Aymara; also spelled Ayniy or Aini) can refer to either the concept of reciprocity or mutualism among people of the Andean mountain communities or the practice of this concept. As a noun, the law of ayni states that everything in the world is connected, and is the only commandment that rules daily life in many communities like the Q'ero. As a verb, this often refers to the cooperation between the members of a community when one member gives to another, he or she is entitled to receive something back. Well-known practitioners of Ayni include the Quechuas and Aymara, as well as numerous other tribes that live in the Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia.

Aymara people
The Aymara or Aimara (Aymara: aymara, listenⓘ) people are an Indigenous people in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America. Approximately 2.3 million Aymara live in northwest Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.

The Aymara have lived in the region for over 7,250 years. By the late 15th century or early 16th century, they became a subject people of the Inca Empire and later of the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. Following the Spanish American wars of independence (1810–1825), the Aymara became subjects to the new nations of Bolivia and Peru. After the War of the Pacific (1879–1883), Chile annexed territory inhabited by the Aymara population.
Étienne Baudet
Étienne Baudet, an eminent French engraver, was born at Vineuil, in the County of Blois, about 1636. He was a pupil of Sébastien Bourdon and Cornelis Bloemaert, and afterwards went to Rome, and appears to have adopted the manner of Cornelis Bloemaert in his earliest plates, which are executed entirely with the graver. He afterwards on his return to Paris altered his manner, and calling in the assistance of the point, he executed his best prints, which bear a strong resemblance to the manner of Jean Baptiste Poilly. He made an excellent choice in the subjects of his plates, which are from the works of some of the most distinguished masters of Italy and France. He was a member of the Royal Academy of Paris, in which city he died in 1711.

Cornelis Bloemaert
Cornelis Bloemaert II (1603 – 28 September 1692), was a Dutch painter and engraver, who after training in the Dutch Republic worked most of his career in Rome.  His workshop in Rome played an important role in spreading Italian art throughout Europe and attracted many young engravers from abroad.
I'm Good (Blaque song)
"I'm Good" is a song by American R&B/pop vocal trio Blaque. It was written by Rodney Jerkins, LaShawn Daniels, Fred Jerkins III, and group member Natina Reed, and produced by Rodney Jerkins for Blaque's third studio album Torch. The song was also included on the soundtrack for the film Honey (2003) and released as a single in September 2, 2003. "I'm Good" peaked at number 28 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, number 47 on the Swiss Singles Chart, and number 57 on the Austrian Singles Chart. It peaked at number 95 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart in November 2003.

Swiss Hitparade
The Swiss Hitparade (German: Schweizer Hitparade) is Switzerland's main music sales charts. The charts are a record of the highest-selling singles and albums in various genres in Switzerland.

The Swiss charts include:

Singles Top 75 (released since 1968)

Singles Top 100

Albums Top 100 (released since late 1983)

Compilations Top 20

Airplay Top 30

Streaming Top 100

Swiss Artist Singles Top 10

Swiss Artist Albums Top 10

Vinyl Albums Top 10

Rock Albums Top 5

Pop Albums Top 5

Hip Hop Albums Top 5

Since 2010, Hitparade's compiler Media Control has also set up Les Charts, a record chart of the highest-selling singles and albums in Romandie, the Francophone region of Switzerland:

Romandie Singles Top 20 (discontinued)

Romandie Albums Top 50

The charts are updated weekly on Sundays, and are posted publicly on the preceding Wednesday mornings.
Reg Kent (footballer)
Reg Kent (21 November 1943 – 17 November 2021) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

After he left the VFL, Kent became a journeyman, spending time with East Ballarat in the Ballarat Football League and winning the goalkicking on three occasions. He later played for South Warrnambool and topped the Hampden Football League goalkicking twice. While playing for Geelong West he topped the Geelong & District Football League goalkicking in 1978.

Geelong & District Football Netball League
The Geelong & District Football Netball League (GDFNL) is an Australian rules football and netball league in Victoria, being the oldest surviving competition in the region. It is one of three leagues in the Geelong area, the others being the Geelong FNL and the Bellarine FNL.

There are 12 teams competing in the GDFL, which has also produced over 600 VFL/AFL players.
Full Fathom Five (album)
Full Fathom Five is a live album by the band Clutch. The full name of the album is Full Fathom Five: Audio Field Recordings, differentiating it from the accompanying DVD release Full Fathom Five: Video Field Recordings.

The DVD and Album differ in that four cities recorded at are on the DVD, but the album has only three cities, being: The Metro Theatre, Sydney, Australia (tracks 11–15, December 15, 2007); Starland Ballroom, Sayreville, New Jersey (tracks 4 & 5, December 29, 2007, and tracks 6 & 7, December 28, 2007); and Mr. Smalls, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (tracks 1–3 and 8–10, March 20, 2008).

The reference to the HiFi Bar as the Sydney concert in some source material is incorrect, as it is in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (900 kilometers south of Sydney), which is from another live Australian recording, Heard It All Before: Live at the Hi Fi Bar. The same owners did open a venue in Sydney in 2012 with the same name.

Mr. Smalls
Mr. Smalls is a live music venue in Millvale, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh. It is an eclectic and innovative indie venue due to its location in a converted church from the early 20th century, its multiple interior event spaces (including four stages, a recording studio, multiple bars, and a restaurant), and its hosting of thousands of national, regional and local artists since its inception as a venue. Mr. Smalls has been the live music venue for many touring national acts over the years including Fall Out Boy, Bill Clinton, Snoop Dogg, CKY, Muse, Smashing Pumpkins, Bone Thugs N Harmony, Kesha, Interpol, Buckethead and Metric. It has a capacity of over 1,000 people amongst its various interior event spaces, namely the two performance spaces: the Theatre (800 people) and the Funhouse (175 people).
Harun Salim Bachik
Haron Aminar Rashid bin Salim, popularly known as Harun Salim Bachik, (19 May 1959 – 8 March 2015) was a Malaysian actor and comedian. He was the father of Danial Al Rashid Haron Aminar Rashid, a politician and Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Batu Tiga.

Batu Tiga (state constituency)
Batu Tiga is a state constituency in Selangor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly since 1986.

The state constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Selangor State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.
The Modern Tribe
The Modern Tribe is the second studio album by American indie rock band Celebration from Baltimore. It was released on October 9, 2007, via 4AD. Recording sessions took place in February 2007 at Stay Gold Studios in Brooklyn. Production was handled by Dave Sitek. It features contributions from TV on the Radio, Stuart Bogie, Akwetey & Aku of Dragons of Zynth, Nick Zinner, Martín Perna, Eric Biondo, Ryan Sawyer, Gary Sitek, Chris Coady, Richard Harper, Alianna Kalaba, Tatiana McCabe, Noah Rubin and Raedawn.

TV on the Radio
TV on the Radio (TVOTR) is an American rock band from Brooklyn, New York, formed in 2001. The band consists of Tunde Adebimpe (vocals, loops), Dave Sitek (guitars, keyboards, loops), Kyp Malone (vocals, guitars, bass, loops), and Jaleel Bunton (drums, bass, vocals, loops, guitars). Gerard Smith (bass, keyboards, loops) was a member of the band from 2005 until his death in 2011.

TVOTR has released five studio albums: Desperate Youth, Blood Thirsty Babes (2004), Return to Cookie Mountain (2006), Dear Science (2008), Nine Types of Light (2011), and Seeds (2014), alongside several EPs.
Gillingham Bridge
Gillingham Bridge is an 1823 landscape painting by the British artist John Constable. It portrays a scene of the country town of  Gillingham in Dorset. It features the old bridge crossing the River Stour (not to be confused with the river of the same name in Constable's native Suffolk) by the town with church tower of St Mary the Virgin in the background. Constable's friend John Fisher held the incumbency of Gillingham and Constable visited him there in 1820. He returned again in 1823 when he painted this work.

Today the painting is in the collection of Tate Britain in Pimlico. Three years later Constable produced Parham Mill, another work inspired by his visit to Gillingham.

Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in England, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Founded by Sir Henry Tate, it houses a substantial collection of the art of the United Kingdom since Tudor times, and in particular has large holdings of the works of J. M. W. Turner, who bequeathed all his own collection to the nation. It is one of the largest museums in the country. In 2021, it ranked 50th on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.
Heath Culpitt
Heath Culpitt (born 16 February 1978) is an Australian rules footballer. He played with Carlton in the Australian Football League.

From Castlemaine, Victoria, Culpitt played football for the Castlemaine Football Club, before being recruited to the AFL by the Carlton Football Club in 1998. He spent four years with Carlton, playing as a utility/midfielder, and played fifteen games between 1999 and 2001 before being delisted.

Since being delisted, Culpitt has played for Glenelg and Norwood in the South Australian National Football League, and for St Mary's and Waratah in the Northern Territory Football League. While with St Mary's in the 2005/06 NTFL season, Culpitt won the Nichols Medal as the league best and fairest.

In 2005, it was revealed that Culpitt was accused of rape in 1999. He was not charged, although the police were criticised for losing evidence in the investigation.

Glenelg Football Club
The Glenelg Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers or the Bays, is an Australian rules football team which plays in the South Australian National Football League. Their home ground is Stratarama Stadium (formerly Glenelg Oval), located in the southern coastal suburb of Glenelg East, South Australia.