hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Codex Sangallensis 250
The Codex Sangallensis 250 is a manuscript which was compiled in the latter half of the 9th century at the abbey library of Saint Gall, where it remains today. It is an astronomical and computistical, 645-page-long encyclopedia written in Latin. The pages are made of parchment with a height of 24.7 cm and a width of 18 cm. The text was structured in a single column, with approximately 23 or 24 lines per page. It was mostly written in Carolingian minuscule, though the titles were either in rustic capitals or uncial script.

Both the texts and the illustrations in the codex were created by multiple scribes, as can be seen by the differing handwritings and drawing styles. The manuscript was most likely compiled under the supervision of Notker Balbulus during his time as a librarian, and the margins of page 28 feature some glosses written by him.

Rustic capitals
Rustic capitals (Latin: littera capitalis rustica) is an ancient Roman calligraphic script. Because the term is negatively connoted supposing an opposition to the more 'civilized' form of the Roman square capitals, Bernhard Bischoff prefers to call the script canonized capitals. The script was used for writing secular texts.
1919 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election
The New Zealand Labour Party leadership election, 1919 was held on 27 August 1919 to choose the next leader of the New Zealand Labour Party. The election was won by Grey MP Harry Holland.

It followed the formation of the party and merging of the United Labour Party and Social Democratic Party into one united caucus three years prior.

Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)
The Social Democratic Party of New Zealand was an early centre-left to left-wing political party. It existed only a short time before being amalgamated into the new Labour Party. During its period of existence, the party held two seats in Parliament.
Skulu
Televise "Ben" Masalosalo (April 2, 1973 – December 21, 2020) was an American Samoan professional wrestler who wrestled as Skulu and King Adamo in various Southern California promotions, Ultimate Pro Wrestling, Hustle, and Pro Wrestling Zero1 in Japan.

Hustle (professional wrestling)
Hustle (ハッスル, Hassuru) was a Japanese professional wrestling promotion managed by Nobuhiko Takada. Hustle can be described as an industry experiment to market the sports entertainment style of professional wrestling in Japan.
Digital artifactual value
Digital artifactual value, a preservation term, is the intrinsic value of a digital object, rather than the informational content of the object. Though standards are lacking, born-digital objects and digital representations of physical objects may have a value attributed to them as artifacts.

Preservation (library and archive)
In conservation, library and archival science, preservation is a set of preventive conservation activities aimed at prolonging the life of a record, book, or object while making as few changes as possible. Preservation activities vary widely and may include monitoring the condition of items, maintaining the temperature and humidity in collection storage areas, writing a plan in case of emergencies, digitizing items, writing relevant metadata, and increasing accessibility. Preservation, in this definition, is practiced in a library or an archive by a conservator, librarian, archivist, or other professional when they perceive a collection or record is in need of maintenance.

Preservation should be distinguished from interventive conservation and restoration, which refers to the treatment and repair of individual items to slow the process of decay, or restore them to a usable state. "Preventive conservation" is used interchangeably with "preservation".
Westminster Abbey (British Columbia)
Westminster Abbey is a community of Benedictine monks in Mission, British Columbia, established in 1939 from the Abbey of Mount Angel, Oregon. The abbey is home to the Seminary of Christ the King and is a member of the Swiss American Congregation within the Benedictine Confederation.

The abbey's official name is the Abbey of Saint Joseph of Westminster; Saint Joseph is the abbey's patron saint. The abbey was designed by the firm of Gardiner, Thornton, Gathe and Associates.

Fraser River
The Fraser River (/ˈfreɪzər/) is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for 1,375 kilometres (854 mi), into the Strait of Georgia just south of the City of Vancouver. The river's annual discharge at its mouth is 112 cubic kilometres (27 mi3) or 3,550 cubic metres per second (125,000 cu ft/s), and each year, it discharges about 20 million tons of sediment into the ocean.
2004 Gloucester City Council election
The 2004 Gloucester City Council election took place on 10 June 2004 to elect members of Gloucester City Council in England. Ten of the 36 seats on the council were up for election, representing a nominal "third" of the council; there were no elections for Kingsholm and Wotton, Podsmead, Quedgeley Fieldcourt, Quedgeley Severn Vale or Westgate wards in 2004. The council remained under no overall control. Prior to the election the Labour and Liberal Democrats groups had been running a joint administration, with Mary Smith of Labour being the leader of the council. After the election, a Conservative minority administration was formed instead, with Mark Hawthorne becoming leader of the council.

Gloucester City Council
Gloucester City Council is the local authority for the city of Gloucester, in Gloucestershire, England. Gloucester has had a council since medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 Gloucester has been a non-metropolitan district with city status.

The council has been under no overall control since the 2024 election, being led by a Liberal Democrat minority administration. It meets at North Warehouse at Gloucester Docks and has its main offices within the Eastgate Shopping Centre.
Jackson Taylor
Jackson George Taylor (born 1991/1992) is an Australian politician and former local government councillor. He has been a Labor Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly since November 2018, representing the electorate of Bayswater.

Taylor worked as a police officer before entering politics, and served as deputy mayor of Knox City Council.

City of Knox
The City of Knox is a local government area in Victoria, Australia in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne. It is headquartered in the suburb of Wantirna South. It has an area of 114 square kilometres (44.0 sq mi) and recorded a population of 159,103 at the 2021 census.  This municipality is one of only a handful that survived the widespread municipal amalgamations that occurred in Victoria in the early 1990s.
Ionis Pharmaceuticals
Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biotechnology company that specializes in discovering and developing antisense therapy, as well as RNA interference and CRISPR therapeutics. The company was founded in 1989 is based in Carlsbad, California. The company was previously known as Isis Pharmaceuticals until December 2015.

Carlsbad, California
Carlsbad is a beach city in the North County area of San Diego County, California, United States. The city is 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown San Diego and 87 miles (140 km) south of downtown Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 114,746. Carlsbad is a popular tourist destination and home to many businesses in the golf industry.
Duez
Duez is a surname of French origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernest Ange Duez (1843–1896), French painter

Henri Duez (1937–2025), French cyclist

Marc Duez (born 1957), Belgian racing and rally driver

Ernest Ange Duez
Ernest Ange Duez (also known as Ernest-Ange Duez and Ernest Duez, 7 March 1843 – 4 April 1896) was a French painter of genre scenes, portraits, landscapes and religious subjects.

Although he was an admirer of Édouard Manet and owned paintings by Manet, Claude Monet, Edgar Degas and Berthe Morisot, his palette was more subdued than that of most of the Impressionists, and his technique more controlled. His style, between that of the conservative Paris Salon and Impressionism, has been called juste milieu, and he has been compared to  Alfred Stevens, Giuseppe De Nittis, and James Tissot.
Berry Angriawan
Berry Angriawan (born 3 October 1991) is an Indonesian badminton player affiliated with Djarum club. He was part of Indonesia winning team at the 2016 Asia Team Championships and at the 2017 SEA Games.

Noriyasu Hirata
Noriyasu Hirata (平田 典靖, Hirata Noriyasu; born 17 November 1983)  is a Japanese badminton player from Tonami Transportation badminton team. In 2013, he and his men's doubles partner Hirokatsu Hashimoto, received the Badminton Nippon League's Valuable Player Award. He competed at the 2010 and 2014 Asian Games.

Hirata appointed as mixed doubles coach of the Japan national team for 2025.
Diocese of Ciudad Real
The Diocese of Ciudad Real (Latin: Dioecesis Civitatis Regalensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Ciudad Real in the ecclesiastical province of Toledo in Spain.

Ciudad Real
Ciudad Real (US: /sjuːˌdɑːd reɪˈɑːl, -ˌðɑːð/, Spanish: [θjuˈðað reˈal] ⓘ) is a municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha, capital of the province of Ciudad Real. It is the 5th most populated municipality in the region.

It was founded as Villa Real in 1255 as a royal demesne town and enclave long surrounded by territory belonging to the military order of Calatrava. Its history in the late middle ages was influenced by friction with the latter.
Facebuster
A facebuster, also known as a faceplant, is a takedown move in professional wrestling in which an attacking wrestler forces their opponent down to the mat face-first without involving a headlock or facelock. A standard facebuster, also known as a jumping facebuster, involves the wrestler grabbing hold of the opponent's head/hair and dropping down to their knees, forcing the opponent's face into the mat.

Velvet Sky
Jamie Lynn Szantyr (born June 2, 1981) is an American color commentator and retired professional wrestler best known for her time with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and the NWA under the ring name Velvet Sky. She is a former two-time TNA Women's Knockout Champion and is a former TNA Knockouts Tag Team Champion as part of The Beautiful People (with Madison Rayne and Angelina Love, with the group defending the title under the Freebird rule). While a part of NWA she served as a color commentator.
Birch Tor and Vitifer mine
Birch Tor and Vitifer mine was a tin mine on Dartmoor, Devon, England. Located in the valley of the Redwater Brook, to the east of the B3212 Moretonhampstead to Princetown road, below the Warren House Inn, the mine was worked between the mid–18th century and 1925.

Princetown
Princetown is a village located within Dartmoor national park in the English county of Devon. It is the principal settlement of the civil parish of Dartmoor Forest. At the 2021 census, the village had a population of 1,443.

The village has its origins in 1785, when Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt, then secretary to the Prince of Wales, leased a large area of moorland from the Duchy of Cornwall estate, hoping to convert it into good farmland. He encouraged people to live in the area and suggested that a prison be built there. He called the settlement Princetown after the Prince of Wales.

Princetown is the site of Dartmoor Prison. At around 1,430 feet (435 m) above sea level, it is the highest settlement on the moor, and one of the highest in the United Kingdom. It is also the largest settlement located on the high moor. The Princetown Railway, closed in 1956, was also the highest railway line in England: its Princetown terminus was also 1,430 feet above sea level.
Arvanitakis family
The Arvanitakis family (Greek: Αρβανιτάκης; Italian: Arvanitachi) is Cretan family also found in the Ionian Islands and elsewhere in Greece. The family are particularly famous for the many generations of iconographer-priests which they produced. Other members of the family were soldiers, statesmen, merchants, doctors and lawyers.

Zakynthos
Zakynthos, also known as Zante, is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands, with an area of 405.55 km2 (156.6 sq mi), and a coastline 123 km (76 mi) in length. The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos, is pre-Mycenaean or Pelasgian in origin. In Greek mythology, the island was said to be named after Zacynthus, the son of the legendary Arcadian chief Dardanus.

Zakynthos is a tourist destination, especially amongst British tourists, with an international airport served by charter flights from northern Europe. The island's nickname is "Fioro di Levante" (Flower of the East), bestowed upon it by the Venetians, who ruled Zakynthos from 1484 to 1797.
Alma-chan Wants to Be a Family!
Alma-chan Wants to Be a Family! (Japanese: 少女型兵器（アルマちゃん）は家族になりたい, Hepburn: Aruma-chan wa Kazoku ni Naritai) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Nanateru. It was serialized online via Kadokawa Shoten's Comic Newtype website from July 2021 to February 2024 and was collected in three tankōbon volumes. A sequel manga also illustrated by Nanateru, titled Alma-chan wa Kazoku ni Naritai Z, began serialization on the same website in July 2024. An anime television series adaptation produced by Studio Flad aired from October to December 2025.

Japanese honorifics
The Japanese language makes use of a system of honorific speech, called keishō (敬称), which includes honorific suffixes and prefixes when talking to, or referring to others in a conversation. Suffixes are often gender-specific at the end of names, while prefixes are attached to the beginning of many nouns. Honorific suffixes also indicate the speaker's level, their relationship, and are often used alongside other components of Japanese honorific speech.

Honorific suffixes are generally used when referring  to the person someone is talking to or third persons, and are not used when referring to oneself. The omission of suffixes indicates that the speaker has known the addressee for a while, or that the listener joined the company or school at the same time or later.
François Daneels
François Daneels (born 1921 Tubize, Belgium—20 April 2010 Tubize, Belgium) was an internationally renowned virtuoso classical saxophonist, a prolific composer, and music educator from Belgium. From 1954 to 1981, Daneels was professor of saxophone at his alma mater, the Royal Conservatory of Brussels.

Belgian National Orchestra
The Belgian National Orchestra (Dutch: Nationaal Orkest van België, French: Orchestre National de Belgique) is a Belgian orchestra, based in Brussels.  Its principal concert venue is the Brussels Centre for Fine Arts (BOZAR).  The orchestra also gives concerts outside Brussels in such cities as Sankt-Vith and Hasselt.
Doob martingale
In the mathematical theory of probability, a Doob martingale (named after Joseph L. Doob, also known as a Levy martingale) is a stochastic process that approximates a given random variable and has the martingale property with respect to the given filtration. It may be thought of as the evolving sequence of best approximations to the random variable based on information accumulated up to a certain time.

When analyzing sums, random walks, or other additive functions of independent random variables, one can often apply the central limit theorem, law of large numbers, Chernoff's inequality, Chebyshev's inequality or similar tools. When analyzing similar objects where the differences are not independent, the main tools are martingales and Azuma's inequality.

Random walk
In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a stochastic process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.

An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line  which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability. Other examples include the path traced by a molecule as it travels in a liquid or a gas (see Brownian motion), the search path of a foraging animal, or the price of a fluctuating stock and the financial status of a gambler. Random walks have applications to engineering and many scientific fields including ecology, psychology, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and sociology. The term random walk was first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1905.

Realizations of random walks can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.
Christopher Wolfe
Christopher Wolfe (born 1949) is an American political scientist and Distinguished Research Scholar and former Affiliate Professor of Politics at the University of Dallas. He is also Emeritus Professor at Marquette University. Wolfe is known for his works on American judicial review and natural law public philosophy.

University of Dallas
The University of Dallas is a private Catholic university in Irving, Texas, United States. Established in 1956, it is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

The university comprises three academic units: the Braniff Graduate School of Liberal Arts, the Constantin College of Liberal Arts, and the Satish & Yasmin Gupta College of Business. Dallas offers several master's degree programs and a doctoral degree program with three concentrations. As of 2017, there were 136 full-time faculty and 102 part-time faculty.
HMS Camilla
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Camilla:

HMS Camilla (1776) was a 20-gun sixth rate launched in 1776, used for harbour service from 1814 and sold in 1831.

HMS Camilla (1847) was a 16-gun sloop launched in 1847 and lost in a typhoon in 1860.

HMS Camilla (1776)
HMS Camilla was a 20-gun Sphinx-class post ship of the Royal Navy. Camilla was built in Chatham Dockyard to a design by John Williams and was launched in 1776. She served in the American Revolution, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars, before being sold in 1831.
2016 in Philippine television
The following is a list of events affecting Philippine television in 2016. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.

O Shopping
O Shopping was a Philippine pay television channel owned by ACJ O Shopping Corporation, a joint-venture between Philippine entertainment and media conglomerate ABS-CBN Corporation and South Korean home shopping company CJ ENM Commerce Division. The channel was launched on October 14, 2013. O Shopping programs were previously aired on ABS-CBN and Kapamilya Channel during midnights, as well as on PTV, Jeepney TV and ABS-CBN Sports and Action, and online via iWantTFC.
Smith Ranch
The Smith Ranch, in Johnson County, Texas near Rio Vista, Texas, and also known as Grand Valley Lands, was established in 1887. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

The listed property is 2,336.2 acres (945.4 ha) in area and includes six contributing buildings, two contributing structures, and three contributing sites.

It includes a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.

The main house is a two-story house built in 1887, using square nails.

German prisoners-of-war, from the Afrika Corps, worked on the farm.

It is located on FM 916, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of TX 174.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
Shop Row, Woolloongabba
Shop Row is a heritage-listed commercial building at 609 & 613 Stanley Street, Woolloongabba, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built c. 1903. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Stanley Street, Brisbane
Stanley Street is a major street in Brisbane, Queensland. It carries the designation state route 41 for the entirety of its length and state route 10 between the Vulture Street and Annerley Road intersections. For the majority of its length the road is a one-way carriageway westbound. The route is a major connector between the Southern and Eastern suburbs and South Brisbane. The street passes directly to the south of The Gabba and runs directly through the Mater Hospital precinct.

Stanley Street is accessible via exit 2 on the Pacific Motorway.
Gold Mine (Long Beach)
The Gold Mine is a 1,900-seat multi-purpose arena in Long Beach, California on the campus of California State University, Long Beach.  Opened in the late 1950s, it was known as University Gym. The Gold Mine was home to Long Beach State's basketball and volleyball teams until the Walter Pyramid opened in 1994. It used to have nearly 2400 wooden bleacher seats before a mid-80s renovation.

The Gold Mine is still occasionally used for volleyball and basketball games, if there is a scheduling conflict at the Pyramid. Today, its primary function is for Long Beach State intramural sports and other campus events.

Intramural sports
Intramural sports, also known as interhall sports, hall sports, or (in collegiate universities, particularly in the UK) inter-collegiate sport or college sport, are recreational sports organized within a particular institution, usually an educational institution, for the purpose of fun and exercise. The term is chiefly North American, although the concept originates from the United Kingdom and the term has been adopted there (normally as intramural sport in the singular). It is contrasted with extramural, varsity or intercollegiate (US) sports, which are played between teams from different educational institutions. The word intermural, which means "between institutions", is a common error for "intramural".
CSKA Ice Palace
CSKA Ice Palace (Russian: Ледовый Дворец Спорта ЦСКА) was an indoor arena located in Moscow, Russia. The arena's  seating capacity was 5,600. The arena was located next to Khodynka Field, and was a part of the CSKA Sports Complex. It was primarily used to host ice hockey games and figure skating competitions.

Khodynka Field
Khodynka Field (Russian: Ходынское поле, Khodynskoye pole) is a large open space in the north-west of Moscow, at the beginning of the present day Leningradsky Prospect. It takes its name from the small Khodynka River which used to cross the neighbourhood.

The field is close to several Moscow Metro stations including Dinamo and Aeroport on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line, and Oktyabrskoe Pole on the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line, which is named after Khodynka field.