hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mauro Caviezel
Mauro Caviezel (born 18 August 1988) is a Swiss World Cup alpine ski racer. He competed for
Switzerland in two Winter Olympics and three World Championships; he won a bronze medal in the combined event in 2017 at St. Moritz.

Through December 2020, Caviezel has twelve World Cup podiums; his first was a tie for third in the super-G at the World Cup finals in March 2017. His first win came in a super-G in December 2020. He is the older brother of giant slalom specialist Gino Caviezel (b.1992).

Switzerland at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Switzerland competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. 163 athletes were participating, making it the largest team Switzerland has ever sent to the Olympic Winter Games. The four-time Olympic gold medalist Simon Ammann was the flag bearer for the opening ceremony.
University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test
The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is a test that is commercially available for smell identification to test the function of an individual's olfactory system. Known for its accuracy among smell identification tests it is considered to be one of the most reliable (r=.94) and trusted.

UPSIT was created by University of Pennsylvania physician and professor of psychology and otorhinolaryngology Richard Doty. Doty is also the director of the University of Pennsylvania's Smell and Taste Center. The test has a secondary purpose as a self-examination test in the diagnosis of many diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's. The original test has been altered in several ways to be useful in numerous languages and cultures. There are also several trends that are found when UPSIT is administered based on demographics such as age, gender, history of smoking and other characteristics.

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.
Dino, Calabria
Dino is the larger of the two small islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the coast of Calabria.  The island is situated off Cape Arena, near to Praia a Mare.  The name of the island either derives from Italian aedina, a temple, or Greek dino, a vortex or storm.

Tyrrhenian Sea
The Tyrrhenian Sea (/tɪˈriːniən, -ˈreɪ-/, tih-REE-nee-ən ,-RAY-; Italian: Mar Tirreno [mar tirˈrɛːno] or [-ˈreː-]) is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy. Its namesake is from the Tyrrhenian people, identified with the Etruscans of Italy.
RV Sonne (1968)
RV Sonne (German for 'Sun') is a former German fishing trawler converted into a research vessel by Schichau Unterweser AG, doing mostly geoscience-related work for a variety of commercial and scientific clients. She was registered in Bremen. In 2015 she was sold to the Argentine institute CONICET and was renamed ARA Austral (Q-21). A new geoscientific research ship, also called RV Sonne, replaced her role in Germany that same year.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
SVT2
SVT2 (SVT Två; commonly referred to as Tvåan) is one of the two main television channels broadcast by Sveriges Television in Sweden.

Launched in 1969 by Sveriges Radio, the channel was until the 1990s the most watched in Sweden but now serves as SVT's specialist television network, carrying more highbrow and minority programming compared to the more mainstream SVT1.

Sveriges Radio
Sveriges Radio AB (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̌rjɛs ˈrɑ̌ːdɪʊ]; lit. 'Sweden's Radio'; SR), also called Swedish Radio in English, is Sweden's national publicly funded radio broadcaster. Sveriges Radio is a public limited company, owned by an independent foundation, previously funded through a licensing fee, the level of which is decided by the Swedish Riksdag. As of 1 January 2019, the funds stem from standard taxation. No advertising is permitted. Its legal status could be described as that of a quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization.
Japanese submarine I-52 (1942)
I-52 (伊号第五二潜水艦 (伊52), I Gō Dai Gojūni Sensuikan (I Gojūni); I-52 submarine (I-52)), code-named Momi (樅; "fir tree") was a Type C2 cargo submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy used during World War II for a secret mission to Lorient, France, then occupied by Germany, during which she was sunk.

Fir
Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies (Latin: [ˈabieːs]) in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.

They are tall trees that can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the way in which their needle-like leaves are attached singly to the branches with a circular base, and by their cones, which, like those of cedars, stand upright on the branches like candles and disintegrate at maturity.

The wood of firs is used for pulp to make paper, for plywood, and for indoor construction. Some species serve as Christmas trees, while others are used as decorative trees with their brightly coloured cones. In art, Lucas Cranach the Elder painted Madonna under the fir tree for Wrocław Cathedral in 1510.
Pacita Abad
Pacita Barsana Abad (October 5, 1946 – December 7, 2004) was a Filipino-American Ivatan visual artist. She worked in mixed media, integrating fiber art with painting; in particular she created mixed-media canvases using trapunto quilting as well as painting. Her work is characterized by vibrant color. Over more than 30 years, she exhibited her work in over 200 museums, galleries and other venues around the world, including 75 solo shows. Abad's work is now in public, corporate and private art collections in over 70 countries.

Filipino Americans
Filipino Americans (Filipino: Mga Pilipinong Amerikano) are Americans of Filipino ancestry. Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century and other small settlements beginning in the 18th century. Mass migration did not begin until after the end of the Spanish–American War at the end of the 19th century, when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris.

As of 2022, there were almost 4.5 million Filipino Americans in the United States with large communities in California, Hawaii, Illinois, Texas, Florida, Nevada, and the New York metropolitan area. Around one third of Filipino Americans identify as multiracial or multiethnic, with 3 million reporting only Filipino ancestry and 1.5 million reporting Filipino in combination with another group.
Igan, Malaysia
Igan (known in Malay as Kampung Igan) is a village and a subdistrict in Matu District, Mukah Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. It is situated near the mouth of Igan River with the South China Sea. Igan is about 50 kilometres (31 miles) to the west of Mukah, the division's administrative town, where as the nearest town is Oya with a distance of about 23 kilometres (14 miles). Igan is a type of fish that can only find around the village.

Igan has a primary school, namely Kampung Igan National School (Malay: Sekolah Kebangsaan Kampung Igan).

Mukah
Mukah (muːkəh), historically known as Muka, is a coastal town which has served as the capital and the administrative center of the Mukah Division since 1 March 2002.

The district also covers an area of 2,536 square kilometres (979 sq mi) with a population about 49,900 in the Mukah town and 18,800 in the Dalat administrative town of Dalat District.

It is located on the Borneo island, by the South China Sea, about 2 hours by road from the city of Sibu. Mukah is also accessible by air by MASwings from Kuching and Miri. The duration of both flights is about one hour. There are also speed boats connecting the town of Dalat (about 30 kilometres [19 mi] from Mukah) to Sibu. The speed boat trip takes approximately 2 hours.
Charles Clark (Auckland cricketer)
Charles Groom Clark (13 July 1883 – 6 August 1970) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played three first-class matches for Auckland in 1913/14.

An opening bowler, Clark took 5 for 108 in the second innings of his first first-class match in January 1914. He continued playing senior cricket well into his forties. In December 1926 he opened the bowling and took 7 for 16 and 6 for 110 as Taranaki defeated Wanganui to win the Hawke Cup for the first time. In February 1930, at the age of 46, he took 3 for 100 when Taranaki lost to the touring MCC.

Clark worked as a carpenter. He served overseas in World War I with the 1st New Zealand Cyclist Company of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force.

English cricket team in New Zealand in 1929–30
The England national cricket team toured Ceylon, Australia and New Zealand in the 1929–30 season to play a Test series against the New Zealand national cricket team. This was the first Test series ever played by New Zealand. England began the tour in October 1929 in Ceylon with a single minor match and then in Australia where they played five first-class matches. The New Zealand leg of the tour began in December and, in addition to the Test series, England played each of the main provincial teams: Auckland, Wellington, Canterbury and Otago. England, captained by Harold Gilligan, won the Test series 1–0 with three matches drawn.

At the same time another English team, captained by Freddie Calthorpe, was touring the West Indies, playing the first Test series there. It was the only time one country has played in two Test matches on the same day.
Club My War
Club My War (also known as Club My War O)))) is a platform for underground metal and punk bands to play at intimate venues in the greater Los Angeles area, notably Hollywood. Formed in 2009 by Eddie Solis of Southern Lord Records, events are held on a weekly or monthly basis at venues such as The Viper Room, Dragonfly, and Troubadour. Club My War hosted the first U.S. performance of doom metal superband Shrinebuilder, as well as performances by Dave Lombardo's new band Philm, Wolves in the Throneroom, Weedeater, 16, It's Casual, Black Cobra, Municipal Waste, and Torche.

Black Cobra (band)
Black Cobra is an American heavy metal duo from San Francisco. The band was formed in 2001 by former Cavity guitarist Jason Landrian and Acid King bassist Rafael Martinez. Their first release, a self-titled and self-released EP containing the tracks "Interceptor", "Fall and Fall Again", and "Silverback", was engineered by Martinez and issued on August 27, 2004.
Swimming at the 1951 Asian Games
Swimming was contested at the inaugural 1951 Asian Games in National Stadium Swimming Pool, New Delhi, India from March 5 to March 7, 1951 with eight events all for men.

Singapore was the most successful team in this event. Neo Chwee Kok of Singapore dominated the competition by winning four gold medals.

Neo Chwee Kok
Neo Chwee Kok, John Paul (Chinese: 梁水国; pinyin: Liáng Shuǐguó; 31 May 1931 – 23 January 1987) was a legendary Singaporean swimmer who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was ranked third in a list of Singapore's 50 Greatest Athletes of the Century by The Straits Times in 1999.
Kurt Pfammatter
Kurt Pfammatter (30 March 1941 – 24 July 2022) was a Swiss professional ice hockey player.

In 1962, Pfammatter helped HC Viège to win the Swiss national championship, scoring two goals in 20 seconds in a decisive match against Davos. He represented the Switzerland national team at the 1964 Winter Olympics. He died in hospital at Brigue, aged 81.

After retiring from his sporting career, Pfammatter ran a hotel-restaurant near the Litterna-Halle stadium at Visp.

Brig-Glis
Brig, officially Brig-Glis (French: Brigue-Glis; Italian: Briga-Glis), is a historic town and municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. The current municipality was formed in 1972 through the merger of Brig (city), Brigerbad and Glis.

Together with other Alpine towns, Brig-Glis engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Brig-Glis was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2008.

The official language of Brig is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Punctelia crispa
Punctelia crispa is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Marcello Marcelli, Patrícia Jungbluth, and John Alan Elix. The holotype specimen was collected in the Botujuru quarter of Campo Limpo Paulista municipality in São Paulo State. There it was found in a transition zone between a mesophyllous forest and a cerrado forest, growing on a tree trunk. It has a greyish thallus loosely attached to its substrate, measuring up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter. Soredia on the thallus surface have a coarse texture, and are dense so that it gives areas near the thallus centre a "crispate" appearance (i.e., curled or ruffled), a feature for which the species is named. The medulla is white, while the lower surface of the thallus is pale brown, becoming darker near the centre. The lichen contains atranorin as a minor substance, gyrophoric acid as a major substance, and trace amounts of lecanoric acid.

Atranorin
Atranorin is a chemical substance produced by some species of lichen. It is a secondary metabolite belonging to a group of compounds known as depsides. Atranorin has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. In rare cases, people can have an allergic reaction to atranorin.
Ford GAA engine
The Ford GAA engine is an American all-aluminum 32-valve DOHC 60-degree gasoline-fueled liquid-cooled V8 internal combustion engine with a flat-plane crank. It was designed and produced by the Ford Motor Company during World War II. It features twin Stromberg NA-Y5-G carburetors, dual magnetos and twin spark plugs making up a full dual ignition system, and crossflow induction. It displaces 1,100 cu in (18 L) and puts out well over 1,000 pound-feet (1,400 N⋅m) of torque from idle to 2,200 rpm. The factory-rated net output was 500 hp (370 kW) at 2,600 rpm.

The GAA powered several models and derivatives of the M4A3 Sherman medium tank.

Dual ignition
Dual Ignition is a system for spark-ignition engines, whereby critical ignition components, such as  spark plugs and magnetos, are duplicated. Dual ignition is most commonly employed on aero engines, and is sometimes found on cars and motorcycles.

Dual ignition provides two advantages: redundancy in the event of in-flight failure of one ignition system; and more efficient burning of the fuel-air mixture within the combustion chamber.  In aircraft and gasoline-powered fire fighting equipment, redundancy is the prime consideration, but in other vehicles the main targets are efficient combustion and meeting emission law requirements.
Bertil Ohlin
Bertil Gotthard Ohlin (Swedish: [ˈbæ̌ʈːɪl ʊˈliːn]) (23 April 1899 – 3 August 1979) was a Swedish economist and politician. He was a professor of economics at the Stockholm School of Economics from 1929 to 1965. He was also leader of the People's Party, a social-liberal party which at the time was the largest party in opposition to the governing Social Democratic Party, from 1944 to 1967. He served briefly as Minister of Commerce and Industry from 1944 to 1945 in the Swedish coalition government during World War II. He was President of the Nordic Council in 1959 and 1964.

Ohlin's name lives on in one of the standard mathematical models of international free trade, the Heckscher–Ohlin model, which he developed together with Eli Heckscher. He was jointly awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1977 together with the British economist James Meade "for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements".

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
The International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering pediatrics and otorhinolaryngology. It was established in 1979 and is published 15 times per year by Elsevier. The founding and current editor-in-chief is Robert J. Ruben (Albert Einstein College of Medicine).  According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 3.2 .

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.
Mu Sagittarii
Mu Sagittarii (μ Sagittarii, abbreviated Mu Sgr, μ Sgr) is a multiple star system in the constellation of Sagittarius. The brightest component, a blue supergiant designated Mu Sagittarii Aa, is formally named Polis /ˈpɒlɪs/. The system is 5,000 light-years from the Sun and is part of the Sgr OB1 stellar association.

Stellar association
A stellar association is a very loose star cluster, looser than both open clusters and globular clusters. Stellar associations will normally contain from 10 to 100 or more visible stars. An association is primarily identified by commonalities in its member stars' movement vectors, ages, and chemical compositions. These shared features indicate that the members share a common origin. Nevertheless, they have become gravitationally unbound, unlike star clusters, and the member stars will drift apart over millions of years, becoming a moving group as they scatter throughout their neighborhood within the galaxy.

Stellar associations were discovered by Victor Ambartsumian in 1947. The conventional name for an association uses the names or abbreviations of the constellation (or constellations) in which they are located; the association type, and, sometimes, a numerical identifier.
Gushki, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Gushki (Persian: گوشكي, also Romanized as Gūshkī and Gūshakī; also known as Bāgh Vaḩshī) is a village in Khanmirza Rural District, Khanmirza District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 373, in 77 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Lurs
The Lurs, Lors or Luris (Persian: لر) are an Iranian people living in western and southern Iran. The four Luri branches are the Bakhtiari, Mamasani, Kohgiluyeh and Lur proper, who are principally linked by the Luri language.

Lorestan province is named after the Lurs, but not all Lurs live in Lorestan, nor are all the inhabitants of Lorestan ethnic Lurs. Many Lurs live in other provinces of Iran including Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Tehran southern Ilam province, and Genaveh county in Bushehr province.
Mademoiselle Gaussin
Jeanne-Catherine Gaussem, stage name Marie-Madeleine Gaussin or Mademoiselle Gaussin (25 December 1711 – 2 June 1767), was a French stage actress.

She was born to a servant of the actor Baron and a dresser of the theatre. She was engaged at the theatre of Lille in 1729-1731.

She was engaged at the Comédie-Française in 1731. 
She debuted on the Comédie-Française on 28 April 1731 as Junie in Britannicus. Among her noted roles were Agnès in L'École des femmes, Andromaque, Iphigénie and Bérénice. Voltaire was her admirer, and made her a role model for the part of Zaïre. She performed both the heroine roles in tragedies as well as comedy. Her acting was described as  sensitive, naive and with an elegance of voice. 
She became a Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française in 1731.

She retired in 1763.

Voltaire dedicated his epistle 38 (1732) to her.

Bérénice
Berenice (French: Bérénice) is a five-act tragedy by the French 17th-century playwright Jean Racine. Berenice was not played often between the 17th and the 20th centuries.

It was premiered on 21 November 1670 by the Comédiens du Roi at the Hôtel de Bourgogne. Racine seems to have chosen the subject in competition with Pierre Corneille, who was working on his drama Tite et Bérénice at the same time.  The subject was taken from the Roman historian Suetonius, who recounts the story of the Roman emperor Titus and Berenice of Cilicia, the sister of Agrippa II.  Suetonius wrote a single sentence on the affair: "Titus reginam Berenicen, cui etiam nuptias pollicitus ferebatur, statim ab Urbe dimisit invitus invitam."  In his preface, Racine translates this as "Titus, who passionately loved Berenice and who was widely thought to have promised to marry her, sent her from Rome, in spite of himself and in spite of herself, in the early days of his empire."
David George (cyclist)
David George (born 23 February 1976 in Cape Town) is a South African cyclist.  He cycled on the USPS team 1999-2000, and later for Barloworld. In 2003 he won the South African National Road Race Championships. He also competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 2008 Summer Olympics.

South African National Road Race Championships
The South African National Road Race Championship is a road bicycle race that takes place inside the South African National Cycling Championship, and decides the best cyclist in this type of race. The first race winner of the road race championship was Malcolm Lange in 1995; Malcolm Lange is the only cyclist to have won the championships three times. The women's record is held by Anriette Schoeman with 7 wins.