hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raymond Kévorkian
Raymond Haroutiun Kévorkian (born February 22, 1953) is a French Armenian historian. He is a Foreign Member of Armenian National Academy of Sciences. Kevorkian has a PhD in history (1980), and is a professor.

Armenian National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA) (Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության գիտությունների ազգային ակադեմիա, ՀՀ ԳԱԱ, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan gitut’yunneri azgayin akademia) is the Armenian national academy, functioning as the primary body that conducts research and coordinates activities in the fields of science and social sciences in Armenia. It is a member of the International Science Council.
Belle Fourche Valley Railway
The Belle Fourche Valley Railway was a South Dakotan railway. The Belle Fourche Valley Railway Company was incorporated under South Dakota law on May 26, 1909, and its railway line began operating on July 1, 1910. The line ran from Newell to Belle Fourche for a total of 23.52 miles (37.85 km) and included an additional 2.96 miles (4.76 km) of sidings. The railway was an extension of an existing 88-mile Chicago and North Western Railroad line that ran through Butte and Meade Counties, ending in Belle Fourche. The company itself was leased by the Chicago and North Western Railroad on July 1, 1912. It is now defunct.

Newell, South Dakota
Newell is a city in Butte County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 584 at the 2020 census.

Newell was laid out in 1910. The city has the name of F. H. Newell, director of the United States Reclamation Service.
2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 129th staging of the All-Ireland championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. It is the top tier of senior inter-county championship hurling.

The championship began on 1 May 2016 and ended on 4 September 2016.

Kilkenny were the defending champions. Kerry qualified for the competition for the first time since 2004

Tipperary won the title for the 27th time and for the first time since 2010, defeating Kilkenny in the final, 2–29 to 2–20.

2015 Christy Ring Cup
The 2015 Christy Ring Cup was the eleventh staging of the Christy Ring Cup hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 2005. The cup competition began on 2 May 2015 and ended on 6 June 2014.

Kildare were the defending champions, however, they were beaten in the semi-final. Kerry won the title after defeating Derry by 1-20 to 0-12 in the final.

Mayo were relegated from the Christy Ring Cup after losing a play-off with Roscommon.
Shin-ik Hahm
Shinik Hahm (born 1958) is a Korean American conductor and a professor in the Practice of Conducting and Music Director of the Yale Philharmonia.  Hahm has led North American, South American, European, and Far Eastern orchestras. Recent appearances include debuts in Geneva, Switzerland, and Besançon, France; at Bolshoi Hall in St. Petersburg, Russia, with the St. Petersburg Symphony Orchestra; and reengagement with the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra at Disney Hall. He is an active opera conductor and has led productions with the Silesian National Opera in Poland, has collaborated with musicians including Salvatore Accardo, Emanuel Ax, Joshua Bell, Yefim Bronfman and has recorded with the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra for Vision and Britstar.

Yefim Bronfman
Yefim "Fima" Naumovich Bronfman (Russian: Ефим Наумович Бронфман; born April 10, 1958) is a Soviet-born Israeli-American pianist. He has performed as a soloist and with major symphony orchestras globally since 1975. He won a Grammy Award in 1997.
Margaret M. McGowan
Margaret Mary McGowan CBE (21 December 1931 – 16 March 2022) was a British dance historian and historian of early modern France. Her work was mainly focused on the late Renaissance and the fin-de-siècle period at the end of the nineteenth century. She was a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et Lettres (2020), a winner of the Wolfson History Prize (2009), a member of the British Academy and an emerita research professor at the University of Sussex.

France in the early modern period
During the early modern period, from the Renaissance (c. 1500–1550) to the Revolution (1789–1804), the Kingdom of France was a monarchy ruled by the House of Bourbon (a Capetian cadet branch). This corresponds to the so-called Ancien Régime ("old rule"). The territory of France during this period increased until it included essentially the extent of the modern country, and it also included the territories of the first French colonial empire overseas.

The period is dominated by the figure of the "Sun King", Louis XIV (his reign of 1643–1715 being one of the longest in history), who managed to eliminate the remnants of medieval feudalism and established a centralized state under an absolute monarch, a system that would endure until the French Revolution and beyond.
St Bartholomew's Church, Cranmore
The Anglican Church of St Bartholomew in Cranmore, Somerset, England, dates from the 15th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.

The chancel was rebuilt in 1848 in a perpendicular early English style. It has a three-stage embattled tower, supported by buttresses with corner pinnacles, tracery and gargoyles. There is a stone fan vault under the tower.

The interior of the church includes wall monuments, particularly to the Strode family, and Chetham family of Southill House. There is a funeral bier dating from 1597.

The church falls within the benefice of St Peter and St Paul, Shepton Mallet which also includes St Aldhelm, Doulting, which is part of the archdeaconry of Wells.

Fan vault
A fan vault is a form of vault used in the Gothic style, in which the ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly, in a manner resembling a fan.  The initiation and propagation of this design element is strongly associated with England.

The earliest example, dating from about 1351, may be seen in the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral. The largest fan vault in the world can be found in King's College Chapel, Cambridge.

The fan vault is peculiar to England. The lierne vault of the cathedral of Barbastro in northern Spain closely resembles a fan vault, but it does not form a perfect conoid. John Harvey (1978) suggests Catherine of Aragon as a possible source of English influence in Aragon.
Lazio 1 (Chamber of Deputies constituency)
Lazio 1 is one of the 29 constituencies (Italian: circoscrizioni) represented in the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Italian parliament. The constituency currently elects 39 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Metropolitan City of Rome, within the Lazio region. The electoral system uses a parallel voting system, which act as a mixed system, with 37% of seats allocated using a first-past-the-post electoral system and 61% using a proportional method, with one round of voting.

The constituency was first established by the Mattarella law on 4 August 1993 and later confirmed by the Calderoli law on 21 December 2005 and by the Rosato law on 3 November 2017.

Italian electoral law of 1993
The Italian electoral law of 1993 (better known as Mattarellum) was a reform of the electoral laws of Italy, passed on 4 August 1993. The nickname, conceived by Giovanni Sartori, derived from its author Sergio Mattarella. The law was also nicknamed Minotaur (from the mythical creature of Greek Mythology), for being a combination of two different parts (majority and proportional system).

The law replaced the proportional representation used in Italy since 1946, just after the end of the Second World War. It was replaced in 2005 by another law named Porcellum in reference to a comment by Roberto Calderoli.
Diocese of Uyo
The Diocese of Uyo (Latin: Uyoën(sis)) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Nigeria. Its episcopal see is Uyo. The Diocese of Uyo is suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Calabar.

Suffragan diocese
A suffragan diocese is one of the dioceses other than the metropolitan archdiocese that constitute an ecclesiastical province. It exists in some Christian denominations, in particular the Catholic Church, the Episcopal Church, Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, and the Romanian Orthodox Church.

In the Catholic Church, although such a diocese is governed by its own bishop or ordinary, who is the suffragan bishop, the metropolitan archbishop has in its regard certain rights and duties of oversight. He has no power of governance within a suffragan diocese, but has some limited rights and duties to intervene in cases of neglect by the authorities of the diocese itself.
Paradiaptomus africanus
Paradiaptomus africanus is a species of copepod in the family Diaptomidae. As an example occurrence, Lovenula africana is found within the Makgadikgadi Pans, a seasonal hypersaline wetland in Botswana.

Copepod
Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning 'oar-feet') are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.
Desperado Square
Desperado Square (Hebrew: כיכר המיואשים) is an Israeli film written and directed by Benny Toraty. The film was released in 2001. The film received financial support from the Yehoshua Rabinovitz Foundation for the Arts in Tel Aviv.

That year, the film participated in the Ophir Awards and won 5 categories, including Best Director (Benny Toraty) and Best Supporting Actor (Yosef Shiloach). In addition, the film won first place at the Mediterranean Film Festival in Montpellier, France, and the Screenplay Award at the Valencia Festival in Spain. It was featured in many cultural events in Israel and worldwide and opened the Israeli Film Festival in Hong Kong.

The film's music, composed by Shem Tov Levi.

Shem Tov Levi
Shem Tov Levi (Hebrew: שם טוב לוי; born 4 February 1950) is an Israeli singer, pianist, flautist, composer and producer. He is one of the most influential musicians in the music culture of Israel.

During his long career, Levy has released solo albums, alongside working with many musicians, including Arik Einstein, Esther Ofarim, Yehudit Ravitz, Rivka Zohar, Arik Sinai, Yitzhak Klepter, Gidi Gov, Ofra Haza, Dikla, Shlomo Gronich.
Harkishanpur Tikra
Harkishanpur Tikra is a village in Salon block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 32 km from Raebareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, Harkishanpur Tikra has a population of 423 people, in 76 households. It has no schools and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Harkishanpur Tikra as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 152 people (74 male and 78 female), in 31 households and 31 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 153 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Harkishanpur Tikra (as "Harkishunpur Tikara") as having a population of 185 people, in 42 households, and having an area of 61.91 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.

Raebareli district
Raebareli district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Raebareli is the district headquarters. This district is a part of Lucknow Division in Uttar Pradesh state. The total area of Raebareli district is 3,371 Sq. km.

As of 2011, its population is 3,405,559, which makes it the 27th largest in the state. It is a predominantly rural district, with 91% of the population living in rural areas.
Sylvester Mittee
Sylvester "The Master Blaster" Mittee (born 29 October 1956) is a Saint Lucian-British boxer of the 1970s and 1980s. He fought as an amateur lightweight and a professional light welterweight/welterweight/light middleweight, winning multiple championships.

Demographics of Saint Lucia
This is a demography of the population of Saint Lucia including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Javier Mora (boxer)
Javier Mora (born May 25, 1981) is a Mexican professional boxer in the Heavyweight division. He was defeated by Alexander Povetkin by a 5-round TKO, in Max Schmeling Halle, Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin, Germany.

Prenzlauer Berg
Prenzlauer Berg (German pronunciation: [ˌpʁɛnt͡slaʊ̯ɐ ˈbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a locality of Berlin, forming the southerly and most urban district of the borough of Pankow. From its founding in 1920 until 2001, Prenzlauer Berg was a district of Berlin in its own right. However, that year it was incorporated (along with the borough of Weißensee) into the greater district of Pankow.

From the 1960s onward, Prenzlauer Berg was associated with proponents of East Germany's diverse counterculture including Christian activists, bohemians, state-independent artists, and the gay community. It was an important site for the peaceful revolution that brought down the Berlin Wall in 1989. In the 1990s the borough was also home to a vibrant squatting scene. It has since experienced rapid gentrification.
1st Armored Division (France)
The 1st Armored Division (French: 1re Division Blindée, 1re DB) is a unit of the French Army formed during World War II that took part in the Liberation of France.

The division was dissolved for the first time in 1946, and was recommissioned in 1948. It was dissolved again in 1999 as a consequence of the professionalization of the French military.

The 1st Mechanised Brigade (1re BM), created on July 1, 1999, inherited the division's traditions. The 1st Mechanised Brigade was again dissolved on July 21, 2015.
The 1st Division (1re DIV) was recreated in 2016.

Véhicule Blindé Léger
The Panhard Véhicule Blindé Léger ("Light armoured vehicle"), also known by its acronym Panhard VBL or simply VBL, is a French wheeled 4×4 all-terrain vehicle built by Panhard. The vehicle is offered in various configurations, and was designed to combine the agility of the Peugeot P4 liaison vehicle with adequate protection against small arms fire, artillery fragments, mines and NBC weapons. Produced between 1985 and 2010, the vehicle has been used by the French Army and other European, African and Central American armies in various conflicts since the 1980s.
Rudinata
Rudinata (Bulgarian: Рудината) is a natural monument in Western Bulgaria.

It is located in the Bilo mountain, part of the Balkan Mountains, within the territory of Botevgrad Municipality and Etropole Municipality in Sofia Province. The nearest settlements are Botevgrad and Boykovets village. Its total area is 37 ha.

It was declared a protected area on 25 April 1984 in order to conserve a century-old European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest.

The protection regime within Rudinata includes: prohibition of logging, except sanitary, prohibition of livestock grazing, ban of mining and other activities that violate the environment of the area, ban of picking up herbs and flowers, and prohibition of hunting.

Other protected areas nearby include the natural sites Elaka, Belikata and Grohotka.

Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica, the European beech or common beech, is a large deciduous tree in the beech family with smooth silvery-grey bark, large leaf area, and a short trunk with low branches. It is native to much of Europe, growing in humid climates.

The species is cultivated as an ornamental. Although slightly toxic due to the tannins and alkaloids they contain, the nuts are consumed by animals and humans. The trees are also used for timber.
2-Bromohexane
2-Bromohexane is the organobromine compound with the formula CH3CH(Br)(CH2)3CH3.  It is a colorless liquid.  The compound is chiral. Most 2-bromoalkanes are prepared by addition of hydrogen bromide to the 1-alkene.  Markovnikov addition proceeds in the absence of free-radicals, i.e. give the 2-bromo derivatives.

Organobromine chemistry
Organobromine chemistry is the study of the synthesis and properties of organobromine compounds, also called organobromides, which are organic compounds that contain carbon bonded to bromine. The most pervasive is the naturally produced bromomethane.

One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.

A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.
Bierce
Bierce is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ambrose Bierce (1842 – c. 1914), American Civil War soldier, wit and writer

Lucius V. Bierce (1801–1876), attorney, five term mayor of Akron, Ohio, Commander-in-chief of the Patriot Army of the West during the Canada Patriot War of 1837–1839

Sarah Elizabeth Bierce, 19th-century American journalist and educator

Scotty Bierce (1896–1982), American football player

Hunters' Lodges
The Hunters' Lodge (French: Refuge des Chasseurs) was the last of a series of secret organizations formed in 1838 in the United States during the Rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada. The organization arose in Vermont among Lower Canadian refugees (the eastern division or Frères chasseurs) and spread westward under the influence of Dr Charles Duncombe and Donald McLeod, leaders of the short lived Canadian Refugee Relief Association, and Scottish-born former Mayor of Toronto William Lyon Mackenzie, drawing in support from many different areas in North America and Europe. They also absorbed Henry S. Handy's 'Secret Order of the Sons of Liberty' in Detroit into a Grand Lodge in Cleveland.
Dick Callen House
The  Dick Callen House is a historic house located 3.25 miles (5.23 km) south of Jerome, Idaho, United States. The lava rock home was built in 1917 by a stonemason named Otis. The home is designed in the bungalow style and features a gable roof with exposed rafters, wide eaves, and multiple purlins.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 8, 1993.

Jerome, Idaho
Jerome is a city in and the county seat of Jerome County, Idaho, United States. As of the 2020 census, Jerome had a population of 12,349. The city is the county seat of Jerome County, and is part of the Twin Falls Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is the second largest city in Idaho's Magic Valley region, second only to Twin Falls which is located 10 miles (16 km) southeast. Jerome's economy is largely agrarian, with dairy farming being one of the main revenue sources for the local economy.
Molot Bekas-M
The Molot Bekas-M (Russian: "snipe") is a series of Russian pump-action shotguns manufactured by the Molot machine plant in Vyatskie Polyany, Kirov Oblast. The Bekas-M series comprises a wide variety of models, all of which share the same basic receiver and action, but differ in barrel length and choke options. Some models are sold in combination sets (with a single receiver and two barrels), some are supplied with a plastic pistol grip, and most models have a walnut stock and forearm. Its classical design and consistent quality, together with the availability of low-priced sets with two barrels, helped it to gain popularity among hunters and home-defense enthusiasts in Russia.

Stock (firearms)
A gunstock or often simply stock, the back portion of which is also known as a shoulder stock, a buttstock, or simply a butt, is a part of a long gun that provides structural support, to which the barrel, action, and firing mechanism are attached.  The stock also provides a means for the shooter to firmly brace the gun and easily aim with stability by being held against the user's shoulder when shooting the gun, and helps to counter muzzle rise by transmitting recoil straight into the shooter's body.

The tiller of a crossbow is functionally the equivalent of the stock on a gun.
Soron (Korean political faction)
The Soron (Korean: 소론; Hanja: 少論; RR: soron) was a political faction of the Joseon Dynasty. The faction was consisted of the opponents of Song Siyeol after the split of the Westerners. Their leader was Yun Jeung, who died in 1714. They were favored by King Gyeongjong, who died in October 1724. In December 1728,  King Yeongjo (who favored Noron) was accused of poisoning King Gyeongjong. This led to the Musin Revolt in Jeolla Province. The rebels enjoyed support from people in Gyeonggi Province and Chungcheong Province.

Jeolla Province
Jeolla Province (Korean: 전라도; Hanja: 全羅道, [tɕʌ̹ɭɭa̠.do̞]) was one of the historical Eight Provinces of Korea during the Kingdom of Joseon in southwestern Korea. It consisted of the modern South Korean provinces of North Jeolla, South Jeolla and Gwangju Metropolitan City as well as Jeju Province. The provincial capital was Jeonju, the current capital of North Jeolla. The entire inland region was called Honam (lit. 'south of the lake'), which is still commonly used today.

Jeolla-do, including North and South Jeolla, was the first province/state out of the Eight Provinces system to have its 1000th year anniversary in 2018, as the name 'Jeolla-do' was established in 1018, during Hyeonjong of Goryeo's 9th year in power.

The population of Jeolla-do is 4,973,834 as of January 2024.
KKUU
KKUU (92.7 FM) is a commercial radio station in Indio, California, broadcasting to the Palm Springs area. Owned by Connoisseur Media, KKUU airs a rhythmic top 40 (CHR) music format branded as "U 92.7".

Rhythmic Airplay
The Rhythmic Airplay chart (previously named Rhythmic Songs, Rhythmic Top 40 and CHR/Rhythmic) is an airplay chart published weekly by Billboard magazine.

The chart tracks and measures the airplay of songs played on US rhythmic radio stations, whose playlist includes mostly hit-driven R&B/hip-hop, rhythmic pop, and some dance tracks. Nielsen Audio sometimes refers to the format as rhythmic contemporary hit radio.
Alo Karineel
Alo Karineel (also Aleksander-Oskar Karineel, Kornel, or Kornell; 14 January 1892, in Vastse-Antsla Parish (now Antsla Parish), Kreis Werro – 2 April 1942, in Sukhobezvodnaya Station, Gorki Oblast) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the III, IV, and V Riigikogu, of the Estonian National Assembly, and of the Riigivolikogu. He joined the Riigikogu on 18 November 1926, when he replaced Heinrich Laretei.

Võru kreis
Werro County (German: Kreis Werro, Estonian: Võru kreis, Russian: Верроскій уѣздъ, romanized: Verroskiy uyezd) was one of the nine subdivisions of the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northeastern part of the governorate (in present-day southeastern Estonia). Its capital was Võru (Werro). The territory of Kreis Werro corresponds to the present-day Võru County, most of Põlva County and parts of Valga County.