hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heliotrope (instrument)
The heliotrope is an instrument that uses a mirror to reflect sunlight over great distances to mark the positions of participants in a land survey. The heliotrope was invented in 1821 by the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss. The word "heliotrope" is taken from the Greek: helios (Greek: Ἥλιος), meaning "sun", and tropos (Greek: τρόπος), meaning "turn".

Literary device
In writing and speaking, a literary device, literary technique, rhetorical device, stylistic device, or trope is any deliberate strategy of using language that an author or orator employs to be more effective at achieving some purpose. This purpose may be: to focus or guide the audience's attention, to make the language or its content memorable, or to evoke a particular emotional, rational, aesthetic, or other response.

Literary devices are classifiable into sub-categories, such as narrative devices, poetic devices, argumentative devices, linguistic schemes or templates, or other techniques distinct to certain forms of language. They can be difficult to cleanly classify, however, as many are common across multiple such forms and can intersect under various categories, such as figures of speech.
Ilimanaq
Ilimanaq (Greenlandic pronunciation: [ilimanɑq]), also known in Danish as Claushavn, is a settlement in Avannaata municipality in western Greenland. It had 55 inhabitants in 2025. The modern name of the village is Kalaallisut for "Place of Expectations".

West Greenlandic
Kalaallisut (lit. 'language of the Kalaallit'), also known as West Greenlandic (Danish: vestgrønlandsk), is the primary and official language of Greenland. It is spoken by the majority of the inhabitants of Greenland, as well as by thousands of Greenlandic Inuit in Denmark proper (in total, approximately 50,000 people). It was historically spoken in the southwestern part of Greenland, i.e. the region around Nuuk, as opposed to the related Greenlandic languages in the northwestern and eastern parts of the island.: 1–2  It has been an official language of Greenland since the 18th century, and the sole official language since 2009.
Williamstown North
Williamstown North is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 11 km (6.8 mi) south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Hobsons Bay local government area. Williamstown North recorded a population of 1,622 at the 2021 census.

The suburb is bounded to the north by the Warrnambool railway line, to the west by the Altona branch of the Werribee railway line, to the east by Champion Road, and to the south by Kororoit Creek Road. A large part of the suburb comprises the Williamstown North Industrial Precinct.

Williamstown North is home to the Newport Railway Museum in Champion Road, on the south-east corner of the Newport Workshops. It is a short walk from the North Williamstown railway station. The Museum features the largest collection of Victorian Railways steam locomotives. Other exhibits include electric and diesel locomotives, suburban and country passenger carriages, guards vans, a selection of freight wagons and numerous railway artefacts.

North Williamstown railway station
North Williamstown station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Williamstown line, which is part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the south-western suburb of Newport, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. North Williamstown station is a below ground unstaffed station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 1 February 1859, with the current station provided in December 2021.

The Newport Railway Museum is located on nearby Champion Road, approximately 200 metres from the station.
Bit mouthpiece
The mouthpiece is the part of a horse's bit that goes into the mouth of a horse, resting on the bars of the mouth in the sensitive interdental space where there are no teeth.  The mouthpiece is possibly the most important determinant in the severity and action of the bit. Some mouthpieces are not allowed in dressage competition.

The other parts of the bit are the bit rings on a snaffle bit, and the shanks on a curb bit.  These pieces do not go inside the mouth, but rather are the parts of a bit that are outside the mouth, where the bridle and reins attach.

Horse teeth
Horse teeth refers to the dentition of equine species, including horses and donkeys.  Equines are both heterodontous and diphyodontous, which means that they have teeth in more than one shape (there are up to five shapes of tooth in a horse's mouth), and have two successive sets of teeth, the deciduous ("baby teeth") and permanent sets.

For grazing animals, good dentition is essential to survival. Continued grazing creates specific patterns of wear, which can be used along with patterns of eruption to estimate the age of the horse.
Estancia Grande, Entre Ríos
Estancia Grande, also known as Colonia Yeruá, is a municipality in the Yuquerí district of the Concordia Department in Entre Ríos Province, Argentina. The municipality comprises the towns of Calabacilla, and Estancia Grande and rural areas. The main productive activities are citriculture, livestock, forestry, horticulture and beekeeping. In the 2022 census, the municipality had 3,089 inhabitants, up from 2,512 in 2010.

Entre Ríos Province
Entre Ríos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈentɾe ˈri.os], 'Between Rivers') is a central province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires (south), Corrientes (north) and Santa Fe (west), and Uruguay in the east.

Its capital is Paraná (391,000 inhabitants), which lies on the Paraná River, opposite the city of Santa Fe.

Together with Córdoba and Santa Fe, since 1999, the province is part of the economic-political association known as the Center Region.
Hague Tribunal
Hague Tribunal is a popular name for any of the various international courts located in The Hague, Netherlands:

Permanent Court of Arbitration, a permanent arbitration court established in 1899

Permanent Court of International Justice (1922–1944), superseded by the International Court of Justice

International Court of Justice (since 1945)

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, an ad hoc criminal tribunal created by the United Nations Security Council

International Criminal Court, a permanent criminal court created by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce

International Court of Arbitration
The ICC International Court of Arbitration is an institution for the resolution of international commercial disputes. It operates under the auspices of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and consists of more than 100 arbitrators from roughly 90 countries.

The court does not issue formal judgements. Instead, it provides "judicial supervision of arbitration proceedings".

The court's official working languages are English and French. Cases can be administered in any language. It is headquartered in Paris, France.

As of 9 January 2020, the court has registered 25,000 cases, including an annual record of 869 in 2019.
Maria De Iorio
Maria De Iorio (born 1972) is an Italian biostatistician whose research applies Bayesian statistics and nonparametric statistics in genomics and bioinformatics. She is a professor at the National University of Singapore.

Biostatistics
Biostatistics (sometimes referred to as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in the biological sciences, with a focus on clinical medicine and public health applications. 
The field encompasses the design of experiments, the collection and analysis of experimental and observational data, and the interpretation of the results.
It is closely related to medical statistics.
Bryan Todd (music producer)
Bryan Todd (born March 1, 1973) is an American multi-platinum record producer and songwriter. Early in his career, Todd was a solo artist and had a single in the top 20. He has since focused on writing and producing for other artists such as Miley Cyrus, Big Time Rush, Jordin Sparks, Danny Gokey, Michael W. Smith, Rascal Flatts, Kelly Clarkson, Ashley Tisdale and notably the song "Breakthrough" for the Disney film, Lemonade Mouth, a soundtrack that reached No. 1 on Billboard. 
His newest producer project is gaining fast notoriety. The first single “Real” features American songstress Jaden Michaels, who is the sister of Pop singer songwriter Julia Michaels.

V Factory
V Factory was an American pop/R&B/urban boy band produced by former pop artist Tommy Page.

The members have yet to confirm what the "V" stands for. Wesley Quinn, in an interview with Popstar! Magazine, stated that "the V is a hidden meaning between the five of us."
Invisible mending
Invisible mending is a fabric repair technique that re-weaves yarn into the fabric of a garment or item of upholstery to seamlessly patch a hole. The technique reconstructs both the warp and weft of the fabric by collecting warp and weft yarns from the hem or a piece of fabric of the same kind, before using a long needle to reweave the yarns to match the original weave exactly. The finished repair is undetectable on the right side of the fabric, though on the reverse of the fabric, long, hanging yarns will be visible around the area that has been rewoven. The technique is done without tacking the new yarns into place, as this may deform the fabric.

In contrast to visible mending, invisible mending is intended to conceal damage to fabric. Invisible mending is harder to learn and teach than visible mending, however. Based on its utility as a metaphor for psychotherapy, invisible mending is the topic of select poems.

Upholstery
Upholstery is the work of providing furniture, especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing, and fabric or leather covers. The word also refers to the materials used to upholster something.

Upholstery comes from the Middle English word upholder, which referred to an artisan who makes fabric furnishings. The term is equally applicable to domestic, automobile, airplane and boat furniture, and can be applied to mattresses, particularly the upper layers, though these often differ significantly in design. A person who works with upholstery is called an upholsterer. An apprentice upholsterer is sometimes called an outsider or trimmer. Traditional upholstery uses materials like coil springs (post-1850), animal hair (horse, hog and cow), coir, straw and hay, hessians, linen scrims, wadding, etc., and is done by hand, building each layer up. In contrast, today's upholsterers employ synthetic materials like dacron and vinyl, serpentine springs, and so on.
Češča Vas
Češča Vas (pronounced [ˈtʃeːʃtʃa ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Češča vas) is a settlement on the left bank of the Krka River in the City Municipality of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The entire municipality is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

The Novo Mesto Olympic Center (Slovene: Olimpijski center Novo mesto), which includes a velodrome, athletics venue, and swimming pool, is located in Češča Vas.

Swimming pool

Velodrome

Krka (Sava)
The Krka (pronounced [ˈkə̀ɾka]; German: Gurk, German pronunciation: [ɡʊʁk] ⓘ; Latin: Corcoras) is a river in southeastern Slovenia (the traditional region of Lower Carniola), a right tributary of the Sava. With a length of 94.6 km (58.8 mi), it is the second-longest river flowing in its entirety in Slovenia, following the Savinja.
Bethlehem Staten Island
Bethlehem Staten Island also called Bethlehem Mariners Harbor was a large shipyard in Mariners Harbor, Staten Island, New York. The shipyard started building ships for World War II in January 1941 under the Emergency Shipbuilding Program and as the result of the Two-Ocean Navy Act of July 1940. The shipyard was part of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation which built ships for the United States Navy, and the United States Maritime Commission. Bethlehem Steel purchased the shipyard in June 1938 from United Shipyards. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation closed the shipyard in 1959. The propeller factory and foundry continued operation for 10 more years at the site. 
 Since 1980 the site is the May Ship Repair Contracting Corporation next to Shooters Island at the southern end of Newark Bay, off the North Shore.

Shooters Island
40°38′36″N 74°09′35″W﻿ / ﻿40.64333°N 74.15972°W﻿ / 40.64333; -74.15972

Shooters Island is a 43-acre (17 ha) uninhabited island at the southern end of Newark Bay, off the North Shore of Staten Island in New York City. The boundary between the modern states of New York and New Jersey runs through the island, with a small portion on the north end of the island belonging to the nearby cities of Bayonne and Elizabeth in New Jersey and the rest since 1898, as a part of the borough of Staten Island in New York City of New York state.

During the colonial era, Shooters Island was used as a hunting preserve for colonists of nearby provinces. During the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), Commanding General George Washington and his Continental Army used the island as a drop-off point for messages, and the place became a haven for spies.

The island's large oyster beds were heavily harvested following the war; they were ultimately exhausted from overharvesting by the 19th century.
2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the state of Massachusetts, a loss of one seat following the 2010 census, for service in the 113th Congress from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election.  The candidate elected in each of the state's congressional districts was a member the Democratic Party.

Primary elections were held on September 6, 2012. This primary was on a Thursday, which is rare in Massachusetts, and it was moved from Tuesday, September 18, 2012, because of a conflicting religious holiday.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
Band of the Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery
The Band of the Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery (abbreviated to Royal NZ Artillery Band) is a voluntary military band of the Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery. The band is based in the south eastern Auckland suburb of Mount Wellington, and was part of the Army Reserve (Territorial Force) up until 2012. The Band has an agreement with 16th Field Regiment, Royal New Zealand Artillery, which allows the band to retain its name and uniform.

The band has performed at a range of events including:

Commemorations
ANZAC Day services and parades
Remembrance Day services

Beating retreats and sunset ceremonies

Weddings

Sports events

Park concerts

Military tattoos

Military parades

Military reunions

Street parades

Medal presentation ceremonies

As of 2021, the band is the oldest surviving military band in the country. The band celebrated its centenary in 1964 and its 150th anniversary in 2014.

Military tattoo
A military tattoo is a performance of music or display of armed forces in general. The term comes from the early 17th-century Dutch phrase doe den tap toe ('turn off the tap'), a signal sounded by drummers or trumpeters to instruct innkeepers near military garrisons to stop serving beer and for soldiers to return to their barracks, and is unrelated to the ink tattoo that was borrowed from Tahitian.

The tattoo was originally a form of military music but the practice has evolved into more elaborate shows involving theatrics and musical performances. It is also used to designate military exhibitions such as the Royal International Air Tattoo.
Hague Congress
There have been three events called as the Hague Congress:

Hague Congress (1872), 5th General Congress of the International Workingmen's Association

Hague Congress of 1915, also known as the International Congress of Women or Women's Peace Congress (1915)

Hague Congress (1948), pioneering convention of European federalist movement

International Congress of Women
The International Congress of Women was created so that groups of existing women's suffrage movements could come together with other women's groups around the world. It served as a way for women organizations across the nation to establish formal means of communication and to provide more opportunities for women to ask the big questions relating to feminism at the time. The congress has been utilized by a number of feminist and pacifist events since 1878. A few groups that participated in the early conferences were The International Council of Women, The International Alliance of Women and The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.
Hasangazi
Hasangazi (formerly Lu'lu'a, Lulu, or Lüle) is a village of the Ulukışla District, Niğde Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Its population is 828 (2022). It is located 16 km east of Ulukışla and 70 km south of Niğde.

The town is rumored to be named after a war veteran of the Turkish War of Independence but its name was stated as Esengazi in old Ottoman documents a few centuries before the war. In recent years, the town has experienced a seasonal population increase as residents of Mersin and Adana have fled the heat of the cities. The village is served by the Turkish State Railways station Gümüş.

Adana
Adana is a large city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 35 km (22 mi) inland from the northeastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative seat of the Adana province, and has a population of 1,816,750 (Seyhan, Yuregir, Cukurova, Saricam).

Adana lies in the heart of Cilicia, a region of around 6 million people. The region was particularly important in the classical world due to its location by a pass in the Taurus Mountains (both for military campaigns and trade routes), and its wealth in metal and agricultural assets, including the large fertile plain of Çukurova.

Adana remains a centre for regional trade, and public and private services. Agriculture, healthcare and logistics are important parts of the economy. The city is connected to Tarsus and Mersin by TCDD train. The closest public airport is Çukurova International Airport.
Herbert Musgrave Phipson
Herbert Musgrave Phipson (c. 1850 – 7 August 1936), was a British wine merchant and naturalist who lived in Bombay (now Mumbai), India, from 1878 to 1905.  As the honorary secretary of the Bombay Natural History Society, editor of its Journal, and manager of the Society's business and outreach activities, he played an important role in establishing the journal's reputation as the foremost natural history journal in Asia; he also influenced public science policy in the Bombay Presidency. His efforts saw fruition in the establishment of the Natural Sciences section of the Prince of Wales Museum of Western India.  Phipson, who was married to the pioneering physician Edith Pechey-Phipson, co-founded, with his wife, the Pechey Phipson Sanitarium for Women and Children in Nasik, India.

Grant Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals
The Grant Government Medical College is a public medical college located in Mumbai, India. It is affiliated to the Maharashtra University of Health Sciences. Founded in 1845, it is one of the oldest medical colleges in South Asia. Its clinical affiliate is Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, a conglomerate of four hospitals in South Mumbai including Sir J.J. Hospital, St George Hospital, Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital and Cama and Albless Hospital.
United States strike wave of 1945–1946
The US strike wave of 1945–1946 or great strike wave of 1946 were a series of massive post-war labor strikes after World War II from 1945 to 1946 in the United States spanning numerous industries including the motion picture  (Hollywood Black Friday) and public utilities. In the year after V-J Day, more than five million American workers were involved in strikes, which lasted on average four times longer than those during the war. They were the largest strikes in American labor history. Other strikes occurred across the world including in Europe and colonial Africa. These strikes sparked national debate about labor rights, government intervention, and economic recovery.

General strike
A general strike (or mass strike) is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labour force in a city, region, or country participates. General strikes are characterised by the participation of workers from a multitude of workplaces across different industries, and tend to involve entire communities. They are often used to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. General strikes first occurred in the mid-19th century and have characterised many historically important strikes.
13–15 Cathedral Street, Dunkeld
13–15 Cathedral Street is an historic building in Dunkeld, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. Standing near the gates to Dunkeld Cathedral at the western end of Cathedral Street, it is a Category B listed building dating to c. 1715. It is two storeys, with a four-window frontage.

Per a plaque on its façade, the building won the Saltire Society Award for Reconstruction in 1958.

Dunkeld Cathedral
Dunkeld Cathedral is a Church of Scotland place of worship which stands on the north bank of the River Tay in Dunkeld, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. Built in square-stone style of predominantly grey sandstone, the cathedral proper began in 1260 and was completed in 1501. It stands on the site of the former Culdee Monastery of Dunkeld, stones from which can be seen as an irregular reddish streak in the eastern gable.

It is not formally a 'cathedral', as the Church of Scotland nowadays has neither cathedrals nor bishops, but it is one of a number of similar former cathedrals which has continued to carry the name.
Syrian Australians
Syrian Australians are Australians of Syrian descent or Syria-born people who reside in the Commonwealth of Australia. Australian Syrians make up 0.4 percent of the Australian population (55,321 people), with a gender split of 51.3 percent female, 49.7 percent male. The 2016 Australian census revealed 68.8 percent of Syrian Australian homes have Arabic as the language spoken at home, however of the homes where English is not the first spoken language, 37.7 percent are able to speak English fluently. The majority of Syrian Australians arrived prior to 2007 (45.2 percent), with a small group immigrating between 2007–2011 (8.5 percent) then a larger group entering between 2012–2016 (41.3 percent).

Australia has opened its doors to Syrian refugees by prioritizing all persecuted minorities. These include Assyrians, Druze, Syrian Turkmen, and the Yazidis.

Druze in Syria
The Druze faith is the third-largest religion in Syria with 2010 results recording that their adherents made up 3.2 percent of the population. The Druze are concentrated in the rural, mountainous areas east and south of Damascus in the area of Mount Druze.

The Druze faith is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion. Syria has the largest Druze population in the world. Many Syrian Druze have  been living abroad for centuries, particularly in Venezuela.