hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stefan Kaczmarz
Stefan Marian Kaczmarz (20 March 1895 – 1939) was a Polish mathematician.  His Kaczmarz method provided the basis for many modern imaging technologies, including the CAT scan.

Kaczmarz was a professor of mathematics in the faculty of mechanical engineering of Jan Kazimierz University of Lwów from 1919 to 1939, where he collaborated with Stefan Banach.

The circumstances of Kaczmarz's death are unclear. In early September 1939, after World War II broke out, he was called up for Polish military service as a reserve lieutenant. He sent a letter to his wife on 4 September and was not heard from afterwards. Theories for his death include the possibility that he died soon after near Nisko (the source of his last letter to his wife) in a German bombing raid on a train he was traveling in, that he died later that month in combat against the Germans near Umiastów, or that he was murdered by the NKVD in April or May 1940 as part of the Katyń massacre.

Nisko
Nisko pronounced [ˈɲiskɔ] is a town in Nisko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland on the San River, with a population of 15,048 inhabitants as of 31 December 2021. Together with neighbouring city of Stalowa Wola, Nisko creates a small agglomeration.
2007–08 Maltese Second and Third Division Knock-Out
The 2007–08 Second and Third Division Knock-Out (known as quick Keno Second and Third Division Knock-Out for sponsorship reasons) was a knockout tournament for Maltese football clubs playing in the Second and Third Division. The final was contested by defending champions, Balzan Youths and Melita, the latter winning 5–1.

Balzan F.C.
Balzan Football Club is a Maltese professional football club from the village of Balzan that competes in the Maltese Challenge League, the second tier of Maltese football. The club was founded as Balzan Youths in 1937 and played in the top division between 2010 and 2025. They were renamed Balzan FC in June 2012.

Balzan has qualified for the UEFA Europa League for five consecutive seasons (2015–16 to 2019–20). The club finished as runners-up in the Maltese Premier League in the 2016–17 and 2017–18 seasons and were finalists of the 2015–16 Maltese FA Trophy, which they lost on penalties to Sliema Wanderers after a goalless draw in the regular time. In May 2019, the club finally won its first major honour, the 2018–19 Maltese FA Trophy, after defeating Valletta on penalties in the final.
Gates Pass
Gates Pass is a mountain pass along the crest of the Tucson Mountains. The road through the pass is a scenic route west of Tucson, Arizona. The road from the east is West Anklam Road which merges with West Speedway Boulevard in the city just east of North Camino De Oeste. West of the pass the road is known as Saguaro Road and continues until it reaches Kinney Road just north of Old Tucson. The elevation of the pass is 3,172 feet (967 m).

The road is lined with scenic overlooks, and is an area where locals and tourists come to watch the sunset.

National Scenic Byway
A National Scenic Byway is a road recognized by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) for one or more of six "intrinsic qualities": archeological, cultural, historic, natural, recreational, and scenic. The program was established by Congress in 1991 to preserve and protect the nation's scenic but often less-traveled roads and promote tourism and economic development. The National Scenic Byways Program (NSBP) is administered by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).

Some scenic byways are designated All-American Roads, which must meet two out of the six intrinsic qualities. The designation means they have features that do not exist elsewhere in the United States and are unique and important enough to be tourist destinations unto themselves. As of January 21, 2021, there are 184 National Scenic Byways located in 48 states (all except Hawaii and Texas).
Laphamia inyoensis
Laphamia inyoensis (synonym Perityle inyoensis), known by the common names Inyo rockdaisy and Inyo laphamia, is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family.

It is endemic to Inyo County in eastern California.

It is known from just 10 populations in the southern Inyo Mountains, at elevations of 1,800–2,710 metres (5,910–8,890 ft). Its habitat is dry, rocky mountain slopes, often in limestone.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
Zhu Wenxiong
Zhu Wenxiong (Chinese: 朱文熊) was a Chinese linguist and scholar of the early 20th century.  He is known books such as New Jiangsu letters (Jiangsu xin zimu) (1906), which was an influential works in modern Chinese linguistics. In regarding to language reform in early 20th century China, he once said in 1906: "What I expect of my country's people is for us to be able to stand on our own in this competitive world.  It is impossible to achieve universal education if the writing system is not easy to use, and it is impossible to attain strong unity if there is no uniform national language."

He has also taught various universities in China, such as Jilin University, Beijing Normal University, and Zhejiang University.

Beijing Normal University
Beijing Normal University (BNU) (Chinese: 北京师范大学) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the Beijing Municipal People's Government. It is a renowned institution of higher education known for teacher education, education science and basic learning in both the arts and the sciences. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
Zhang Shou
Zhang Shou (Chinese: 张寿; 1930 – 1 October 2001) was a Chinese politician.

He was a member of the 12th and 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 8th and 9th National People's Congress.

13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1987 to 1992. It held seven plenary sessions. It was preceded by the 12th Central Committee and succeeded by the 14th Central Committee. It elected the 13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1987.
Oliver Hald
Oliver Damgaard Hald (born 20 December 1999) is a Danish cricketer who plays for the Denmark national team. Hald bats and bowls left-handed. In May 2019, he was named in Denmark's squad for a five-match series against Leinster Lightning in Ireland, in preparation for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier tournament in Guernsey. The same month, he was named in Denmark's squad for the Regional Finals qualification tournament. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Jersey, on 16 June 2019.

He was part of Denmark's squad for the 2019 Malaysia Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament. He made his List A debut against Malaysia, in the Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament on 16 September 2019.

Denmark national cricket team
The Denmark national cricket team represents Denmark in international cricket. They have been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1966, and have previously been a part of the ICC's High Performance Programme.

Denmark played in the inaugural edition of the ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League, starting in August 2019, as a result of finishing in Division Three of the now defunct World Cricket League.
Twilight in Olympus
Twilight in Olympus is the fourth studio album by progressive metal band Symphony X, released in 1998 through Zero Corporation (Japan) and Inside Out Music (Europe); a remastered special edition was reissued on January 13, 2004 through Inside Out. The album features drums played by Thomas Walling, who filled in for regular drummer Jason Rullo after he temporarily left the band for personal reasons. It is also the last Symphony X album with longtime bassist Thomas Miller, who left the band during the album's tour.

Michael Romeo
Michael James Romeo (born March 6, 1968) is an American musician, best known as the guitarist, founding member, and main songwriter of the progressive metal group Symphony X. He is one of two members to appear on every Symphony X release (the other being Michael Pinnella).

Romeo is known for his speed and precision on the guitar, having been praised for his "pyrotechnic displays" on the instrument. He is also known for his unique style of tapping.

Romeo was ranked #91 out of 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of All Time by Guitar World, and has influenced a number of younger players, including DragonForce's Herman Li, who listed Romeo among his favorite guitarists in 2011.
Old Persian (horse)
Old Persian (foaled 14 March 2015), is a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse who has raced in England, Ireland, the United Arab Emirates, Germany, Canada and the United States. He showed promise as a two-year-old in 2017 when he won two minor races from four starts. In the following year he showed top-class form over middle distances, winning the Fairway Stakes, King Edward VII Stakes and Great Voltigeur Stakes as well as finishing second in the Newmarket Stakes and fifth in the St Leger. He improved again as a four-year-old, winning the Dubai City of Gold, Dubai Sheema Classic and Northern Dancer Turf Stakes. He ran poorly in two races as a five-year-old and was retired from racing.

Dubai City of Gold
The Dubai City of Gold is a Thoroughbred horse race run annually since 1998 at Nad Al Sheba Racecourse in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Given the nickname for the city of Dubai, the Group 2 race is open to Northern and Southern Hemisphere bred horses age four years and up. It is raced on turf at a distance of 2400 metres (app. 1+1⁄2 miles).

Initially a conditions race, it was upgraded to Group 3 status in 2001 and then to Group 2 status in 2009.
Somme Heritage Centre
The Somme Heritage Centre is a tourist attraction and education centre in Conlig, County Down, Northern Ireland. Opened in 1994 the centre promotes Ireland's role in the First World War, and especially the role of both Protestant and Catholic, unionist and nationalist in the war. It focuses on three of the volunteer divisions in Ireland;

10th (Irish) Division

16th (Irish) Division

36th (Ulster) Division

36th (Ulster) Division
The 36th (Ulster) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, part of Lord Kitchener's New Army, formed in September 1914. Originally called the Ulster Division, it was made up of mainly members of the Ulster Volunteers, who formed thirteen additional battalions for three existing regiments: the Royal Irish Fusiliers, the Royal Irish Rifles and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. The division served from October 1915 on the Western Front as a formation of the British Army during the Great War.

The division's insignia was the Red Hand of Ulster.
John Nordlander
John Leonard Nordlander (1894–1961) was a Swedish sea captain and Commander commissioned by the shipping line Swedish American Line, crossing the Atlantic Ocean 532 times.

During World War II, while serving as Master of SS Drottningholm, Captain Nordlander was responsible for rescuing thousands of victims of war uniquely through hostile waters in collaboration with the Red Cross and effectively with the Allied powers, with approval of the Swedish royal family.

Härnösand
Härnösand (Swedish pronunciation: [hæɳøˈsanːd]) is a locality and the seat of Härnösand Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden with 25,012 inhabitants in 2023. It is called "the gate to the High Coast" because of the world heritage landscape just a few miles north of Härnösand. Härnösand is the seat of the Diocese of Härnösand, the County Governor residence and Västernorrland County Museum.
Robert J. Richards
Robert J. Richards (born 1942) is an author and the Morris Fishbein Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Science and Medicine at the University of Chicago. He has written or edited seven books about the history of science as well as dozens of articles.

In Nature is the Poetry of Mind, or How Schelling solved Goethe's Kantian Problems Richards describes Goethe's reception of Kant, his orientation on Spinoza, F. W. J. Schelling, and his contributions to evolutionary biology.

He has won several awards, including the Gordon J. Laing Award, the Quantrell Award for excellence in undergraduate teaching, the Pfizer Award, the George Sarton Medal from the History of Science Society and the Laing Prize from the University of Chicago Press and earned a Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship. Richards earned two PhDs: one in the History of Science from the University of Chicago and another in Philosophy from St. Louis University.

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈjoːzɛf ˈʃɛlɪŋ]; 27 January 1775 – 20 August 1854) was a German philosopher. Standard histories of philosophy make him the midpoint in the development of German idealism, situating him between Johann Gottlieb Fichte, his mentor in his early years, and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, his one-time university roommate, early friend, and later rival. Interpreting Schelling's philosophy is regarded as difficult because of its evolving nature.

Schelling's thought in the main has been neglected, especially in the English-speaking world. An important factor in this was the ascendancy of Hegel, whose mature works portray Schelling as a mere footnote in the development of idealism. Schelling's Naturphilosophie also has been attacked by scientists for its tendency to analogize and lack of empirical orientation. However, some later philosophers have shown interest in re-examining Schelling's body of work.
Beautiful World (Devo song)
"Beautiful World" is a song by American new wave band Devo, written by Gerald Casale and Mark Mothersbaugh. It appears on their fourth studio album New Traditionalists.

Most of the songs featured on New Traditionalists are darker and more direct than on previous Devo albums. The exception to this is "Beautiful World," whose message seems optimistic at first but changes as the song progresses. This is also demonstrated by the song's promotional video.

Record World called it a "positive pop piece" that is "a polished, multi-format rocker."

In addition to the standard 7-inch single, "Beautiful World" was also released as a picture disc. This version features the same image of a paper mask of a cosmonaut's face as the standard single sleeve and is cut in the shape of the cosmonaut's head. The picture disc version also includes a different B-side: the spoken word "Nu-tra Speaks (New Traditionalist Man)."

Picture disc
Picture discs are gramophone (phonograph) records that show images on their playing surface, rather than being of plain black or colored vinyl. Collectors traditionally reserve the term picture disc for records with graphics that extend at least partly into the actual playable grooved area,
distinguishing them from picture label discs, which have a specially illustrated and sometimes very large label, and picture back discs, which are illustrated on one unplayable side only.
Figgis
Figgis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Figgis (born 1940), British politician

Darrell Figgis (1882–1925), Irish writer and politician

Genieve Figgis (born 1972), Irish artist

Jason Figgis, Irish film director

John Neville Figgis (1866–1919), English historian, monk and philosopher

Jonathan Figgis, Irish film director and producer

Mike Figgis (born 1948), British film director, writer, and composer

Susie Figgis (1948–2025), British casting director

T. P. Figgis (1858–1948), British architect

Susie Figgis
Susan Margaret Figgis (24 March 1948 – 12 December 2025) was a British casting director and anti-apartheid supporter. She worked on numerous films including Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, The Full Monty, and The Killing Fields.
Jumeirah Mosque
Jumeirah Mosque (Arabic: مسجد جميرا) is a mosque in Dubai, Emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Construction began in 1975 and the mosque opened in 1979; the mosque is built in a combination of historical Islamic architectural styles, including Fatimid and Mamluk. It was a gift from the late Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, the former Ruler of Dubai to his son and heir, the Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum.

The mosque is overseen by the Sheikh Mohammed Centre for Cultural Understanding (SMCCU), a tourist outreach organization founded by the Sheikh Mohammed. It can accommodate up to 1,200 worshippers. The mosque is one of few in Dubai accessible to non-Muslim visitors, who can only enter going on the tour organized by the SMCCU.  The complex also features a museum and a majlis that can be rented for special events.

Ruler of Dubai
The ruler of Dubai (Arabic: حاكم دبي) is the position of the hereditary monarch and head of government of the Emirate of Dubai. The Ruler is also considered the head of the House of Maktoum, the royal family of Dubai and one of the six ruling families of the UAE. After the unification of the Emirate of Dubai within the United Arab Emirates, the Ruler of Dubai nominally assumes the position of Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and sits at the seat reserved for Dubai at the Federal Supreme Council.
2017 United States Electoral College vote count
The count of the Electoral College ballots during a joint session of the 115th United States Congress, pursuant to the Electoral Count Act, on January 6, 2017, was held as the final step to confirm President-elect Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential election over former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

This event was notable due to the many faithless electors in the electoral college votes, and the many unsuccessful objections raised by Democratic members of the United States House of Representatives.

Joe Biden was the first incumbent vice president since Richard Nixon in 1961 to have presided over an electoral vote count who later ran for and won the presidency in a subsequent election. It was also the first time in the U.S. history that the incumbent vice president who have presided over an electoral vote count would later go on to defeat the winner of that presidential election in a subsequent election.

Raúl Grijalva
Raúl Manuel Grijalva (/rɑːˈuːl ɡrɪˈhælvə/ rah-OOL grih-HAL-və; February 19, 1948 – March 13, 2025) was an American politician and activist who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Arizona from 2003 until his death in 2025. As member of the Democratic Party, Grijalva represented Arizona's 7th congressional district from 2003 to 2013, Arizona's 3rd congressional district from 2013 to 2023, and the 7th district again from 2023 to 2025. The two districts included the western third of Tucson, part of Yuma and Nogales, and some peripheral parts of metropolitan Phoenix.

In October 2024, Grijalva announced that he would not run for re-election in 2026, amid treatments for lung cancer, but died before he could complete his final term. The 2025 Arizona's 7th congressional district special election was held on September 23, 2025, in which Adelita Grijalva, his daughter, was elected to serve the remainder of his term.
2013 KNSB Dutch Allround Championships
The 2013 KNSB Dutch Allround Championships in speed skating were held at the Thialf ice stadium in Heerenveen, Netherlands from 29 to 30 December 2012. The tournament was part of the 2012–2013 speed skating season.

Thialf
Thialf (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtijɑlf]) is an ice arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands. Thialf is used for long track speed skating, short track speed skating, ice hockey, figure skating, ice speedway, and non-sporting events. The outdoor rink was opened in 1967, and the indoor stadium was opened in 1986. Several world records have been set in the indoor stadium.

Annually, Thialf hosts two Speed Skating World Cup events. Jan de Jong was the ice rink master at Thialf for many years.
Lake Poygan
Lake Poygan, located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin near the village of Winneconne, is an expansive widening of the Wolf River totaling over 14,000 acres (57 km2). Lake Poygan is part of the Winnebago Pool or Wolf Chain, a series of interconnected lakes fed by both the Fox and Wolf rivers. The eastern third of the lake is often referred to as Lake Winneconne. In the Menominee language it is called Pawāhekaneh, "Wild Rice Threshing Lake", referring to the traditional importance of wild rice cultivation to the local economy.

Like the other lakes of the Winnebago Pool, the lake is quite shallow, with an average depth of 6 feet (1.8 m) and a maximum depth of approximately 11 feet (3.4 m). Via the Wolf River, boaters can find navigable passage to Lake Butte des Morts and Lake Winnebago downstream (near Oshkosh), and upstream to Partridge Lake and Partridge Crop Lake (near Fremont and New London).

Fremont, Wisconsin
Fremont is a village in Waupaca County, Wisconsin, United States. It is surrounded by Town of Fremont. The population was 691 at the 2020 census. Fremont has been referred to as the "White Bass Capital of the World."
Technical and Special Trades Union
The Technical and Special Trades Union (Finnish: Teknisten ja Erikoisammattien Liitto, Tekeri) was a trade union representing private sector workers in Finland.

The union was founded in 1970 from a merger of smaller unions.  It affiliated to the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK), and was given jurisdiction over all private sector workers not included in another union.  This included broadcasting staff, consultants, graphic designers, and pop musicians.  By 1998, the union had 10,701 members.

In 2000, the union merged with the Business Union, the Caretakers' Union, and the Hotel and Restaurant Workers' Union, to form the Service Union United.

Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions
The Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions, usually referred to by the acronym SAK (Finnish: Suomen Ammattiliittojen Keskusjärjestö; Swedish: Finlands Fackförbunds Centralorganisation, FFC) is the largest trade union confederation in Finland. Its member organisations have a total of more than one million members, which makes up about one fifth of the country's population.
Builders Building
222 North LaSalle, also known as the Builders Building, is a building located at 222 North LaSalle Street in the Chicago Loop. Built in 1927, it was significantly renovated between 1980 and 1986. It faces the south side of the Chicago River. A contributing property to the West Loop–LaSalle Street Historic District since 2013, it is currently owned by Tishman Speyer.

Originally constructed with 22 stories, the renovation gave it an extra four stories and a western addition that resembles the original.

LaSalle Street
LaSalle Street is a major north-south street in Chicago named for René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, a 17th century French explorer of the Illinois Country.  The portion that runs through the Chicago Loop is considered to be Chicago's financial district.