hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2nd Wessex Brigade, Royal Field Artillery
The II (or 2nd) Wessex Brigade was a howitzer unit of the Royal Field Artillery in Britain's Territorial Force (TF) that was formed on the Isle of Wight in 1908. It served in India and the Middle East during World War I, one of its batteries being captured at the Siege of Kut in Mesopotamia in 1916, and another seeing active service in the Third Afghan War of 1919. Although reformed after the war, the unit was broken up in 1927.

Siege of Kut
The siege of Kut Al Amara (7 December 1915 – 29 April 1916), also known as the first battle of Kut, was the besieging of an 8,000-strong British Indian Army garrison in the town of Kut, 160 km (100 mi) south of Baghdad, by the Ottoman Army. In 1915, its population was around 6,500. Following the surrender of the garrison on 29 April 1916, the survivors of the siege were marched to imprisonment at Aleppo, during which many died. Historian Christopher Catherwood has called the siege "the worst defeat of the Allies in World War I". Ten months later, the British Indian Army, consisting almost entirely of newly recruited troops from Western India, conquered Kut, Baghdad and other regions in between in the fall of Baghdad.
Ardennais
The Ardennais or Ardennes is one of the oldest breeds of draft horse, and originates from the Ardennes area in Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. They are heavy-boned with thick legs and are used for draft work.

Their history reaches back to Ancient Rome, and throughout the years blood from several other breeds has been added to the Ardennes, although only the Belgian breed had any significant impact. The first Ardennes were imported to the United States in the early 20th century, and the first breed registry was established in Europe in 1929. The horses have been used throughout history as war horses, both as cavalry mounts and to draw artillery, and are used today mainly for heavy draft and farm work, meat production and competitive driving events. They have also been used to influence or create several other horse breeds throughout Europe and Asia.

Driving (horse)
Driving is the practice of guiding a horse or other draft animal in harness to pull a load. Horses may draw vehicles such as wagons, carts, carriages, coaches, and sleighs, as well as farm implements or other equipment. They are driven for transportation, ceremonial and tourist uses, pleasure, sport, and a variety of working tasks including logging, plowing, and towing boats. Training for driving often begins with ground driving, in which a handler works the animal from behind or alongside.
Róisín White
Róisín White (born 1952 in Kilkeel) is a Northern Irish singer and concertina-player.

Her mother sang ballads, both locally as on Radio Éireann and this influenced White. She began performing herself after an event in Belleek, County Fermanagh in the 1970s.

White has an extensive repertoire of Ulster songs and sings in both English and Irish. She often sings on folk festivals in Great Britain and Ireland.

White is a retired teacher, former member of the board of the Irish Traditional Music Archive and a former committee member and performer of The Clare Festival of Traditional Singing.

Irish Traditional Music Archive
The Irish Traditional Music Archive (or ITMA; Irish: Taisce Cheol Dúchais Éireann), operating as a charity, is a "national reference archive and resource centre for the traditional song, instrumental music and dance of Ireland". Focusing on Irish traditional music, Irish dance and their history, the archive covers the performance traditions of the island of Ireland, within the Irish diaspora, and other performers of Irish traditional music globally.

The archive, described by some sources as the "largest collection of its kind in the world", contains thousands of sound recordings, as well as books and serials, photographs, sheet music, DVDs, posters and catalogues. Founded with the Breandán Breathnach Collection, the collection has been expanded through donations by radio, television, libraries and private collectors.

Founded in 1987, the archive has been housed in a Georgian house in central Dublin since 2006.
86th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron
The 86th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  Its last assignment was with the 79th Fighter Group at Youngstown Air Force Base, Ohio, where it was inactivated on 1 March 1960.

The squadron was first activated shortly after the United States entered World War II as the 86th Pursuit Squadron.  As the 86th Fighter Squadron It saw combat in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations and earned two Distinguished Unit Citations.  After the end of the war it became an element of the occupation forces until returning to the United States, where it was inactivated in 1947.

It was activated once again to replace an Air National Guard squadron that had been mobilized for the Korean War and carried out the air defense of the Great Lakes area for the next eight years.

Air National Guard
The Air National Guard (ANG), also known as the Air Guard, is a federal military reserve force of the United States Air Force (USAF), as well as the "air militia" of each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories of Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It, along with the Army National Guard component of each state, district, commonwealth or territory, makes up the National Guard of each region as applicable. Additionally, the ANG and the United States Air Force Reserve constitute the two air reserve components of the USAF.

When Air National Guard units are used under the jurisdiction of the state governor they are fulfilling their militia role. However, when federalized by order of the president of the United States, ANG units become an active part of the U.S. Air Force. They are jointly administered by the states and the National Guard Bureau, a joint bureau of the Army and Air Force that oversees the U.S. National Guard.
Kimberley (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Kimberley (known as Kimberley City (Afrikaans: Kimberley-Stad) after 1938) was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1958. It covered much of the urban area of its namesake city, latterly the capital of the Northern Cape province. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

Kimberley, South Africa
Kimberley  (Khoekhoe: ǃ’Ās; Tswana: Kimbali) is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is located approximately 110 km east of the confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers. The city has considerable historical significance because of its diamond mining past and the siege during the Second Boer War. The British businessmen Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato made their fortunes in Kimberley, and Rhodes also established the De Beers diamond company in the early days of the mining town.

On 2 September 1882, Kimberley became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second in the world after Philadelphia, in the United States, to install electric street lighting. The first stock exchange in Africa was built in Kimberley as early as 1881.
Wild Goose (beer)
Wild Goose is a brand of beer brewed by the National Brewing Company of Easton, Maryland. The brand is available in traditional British-style ale including an IPA (India Pale Ale) and an Oatmeal Stout.

India pale ale
India pale ale (IPA) is a hoppy beer style within the broader category of pale ale.

IPA originated in the United Kingdom, to be exported to India, which was under the control of the British East India Company until 1858. The higher hop content of IPA acted as a natural preservative, preventing it from spoiling during the long shipping voyage.

IPA declined in popularity in the late 19th and mid 20th centuries. Since the 1970s, it has regained significant popularity, being associated with homebrewer and craft beer.
CPAchecker
CPAchecker is a framework and tool for formal software verification, and program analysis, of C programs. Some of its ideas and concepts, for example lazy abstraction, were inherited from the software model checker BLAST.
CPAchecker is based on the idea of configurable program analysis

which is a concept that allows expression of both model checking and program analysis with one formalism.
When executed, CPAchecker performs a reachability analysis, i.e., it checks whether a certain state, which violates a given specification, can potentially be reached.

One application of CPAchecker is the verification of Linux device drivers.

Reachability
In graph theory, reachability refers to the ability to get from one vertex to another within a graph. A vertex  can reach a vertex  (and  is reachable from ) if there exists a sequence of adjacent vertices (i.e. a walk) which starts with  and ends with .

In an undirected graph, reachability between all pairs of vertices can be determined by identifying the connected components of the graph. Any pair of vertices in such a graph can reach each other if and only if they belong to the same connected component; therefore, in such a graph, reachability is symmetric ( reaches  iff  reaches ). The connected components of an undirected graph can be identified in linear time. The remainder of this article focuses on the more difficult problem of determining pairwise reachability in a directed graph (which, incidentally, need not be symmetric).
Crowell Willson
Crowell Willson (1815 – October 12, 1894) was a Canadian farmer and political figure. He represented Middlesex East in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal-Conservative member from 1867 to 1872 and in 1874.

He was born in St. Thomas, Upper Canada in 1815, the son of Benjamin Willson. In 1838, he settled in London Township and established a wool carding mill there. In 1851, he was elected to represent Middlesex in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada; he was reelected in East Middlesex in 1863. He was elected to the federal parliament in 1867 and 1874 but, in 1874, he was unseated after his election was protested. Willson was also a director of the London Mutual Fire Insurance Company.

In 1843, Willson married Maria Jackson. He died in Wingham at the age of 79.

St. Thomas, Ontario
St. Thomas is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada. It gained its city charter on March 4, 1881. The city is also the seat for Elgin County, although it is independent of the county.

At the time of the 2021 Census, the population of the city was 42,918.
The Queen of Spades (Prokofiev)
The Queen of Spades (Russian: Пиковая Дама, Pikovaya Dama), Op. 70, is the score composed by Sergei Prokofiev in 1936 for the planned but unrealized film by Mikhail Romm. The film was to be based on the 1834 short story "The Queen of Spades" by Alexander Pushkin, and was intended for release in 1937, the centenary of Pushkin's death. It is one of Prokofiev's least known pieces.

The Queen of Spades (story)
The Queen of Spades (Russian: «Пиковая дама», romanized: Pikovaya dama) is an 1834 novella with supernatural elements by Alexander Pushkin, about human avarice. Written in autumn 1833 in Boldino, it was first published in the literary magazine Biblioteka dlya chteniya in March 1834.

The story served as basis for the operas The Queen of Spades (1890) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, La dame de pique (1850) by Fromental Halévy and Pique Dame (1864) by Franz von Suppé, and numerous films.
SS Gracechurch
SS Gracechurch was a United Kingdom 4,318 GRT cargo ship built by William Doxford & Sons at Pallion on Wearside in 1930. She twice changed owners and names, becoming SS Peebles in 1933 and SS Mill Hill in 1936. She was sunk by a German submarine in August 1940.

World Ship Society
The World Ship Society (WSS) is an international society devoted to maritime and naval history.  Founded in 1946 as Ship News Club in order to distribute shipping information to correspondents, the society now has thousands of members in dozens of branches across the world.  It publishes the monthly magazine Marine News and the quarterly magazine Warships for its membership.
Hammastunturi Wilderness Area
The Hammastunturi Wilderness Area (Finnish: Hammastunturin erämaa; literally translated "tooth fell") is located in Lapland, Finland. It was established in 1991 like all the other 11 wilderness areas of Finland. It covers 1,825 square kilometres (705 mi2) situated in a fell and forest area between the Urho Kekkonen National Park and Lemmenjoki National Park. It is governed by the Metsähallitus.

The history of the area comprises reindeer husbandry, Lapland gold rush, and later road building and settlements. During the gold rush, around 1870, Kultala along the Ivalo River was a large village center inhabiting hundreds of people. There were as many gold diggers as the other people of Inari put together.

Fell
Fell (from Old Norse: fell, "mountain → landscape over the tree line"; cf.  Icelandic: fell, Norwegian: fjell, Swedish: fjäll) is a high and barren landscape feature, such as a mountain or moor-covered hill, often mountain landscape over the tree line, etc. The term is most often employed in Fennoscandia, Iceland, the Isle of Man, parts of northern England, and Scotland.
Hundred of Crystal Brook
The Hundred of Crystal Brook is a cadastral unit of hundred located in the Mid North of South Australia in the approach to the lower Flinders Ranges. It is one of the hundreds of the County of Victoria and was named by Governor James Fergusson after the stream of the same name which flows east to west near the northern border of the hundred.

The town of Crystal Brook and the locality of Merriton are inside the Hundred of Crystal Brook as well as the south half of Nurom and an eastern portion of Wandearah East.

Wandearah East, South Australia
Wandearah East is a locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, Australia and a suburb of Port Pirie.

Wandearah East is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Frome and the local government area of the Port Pirie Regional Council.
Phantasmarana apuana
Phantasmarana apuana is a species of frog in the family Hylodidae.
It is endemic to Brazil.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

It was formerly placed in the genus Megaelosia, but was reclassified to Phantasmarana in 2021.

Hylodidae
Hylodidae, commonly known as giant Neotropical torrent frogs, is a family of frogs native to Brazil and northern Argentina.  Phylogenetic evidence suggests the Hylodidae being the sister group to the Alsodidae.

Megaelosia goeldii is one species that lost the ability to produce vocalizations which in turn is denoted as mute. Through observation of aggressive interactions, it was found that the species' vocal sacs are used for one form of its visual signaling and communication.
Canadian Home Rotors Safari
The Canadian Home Rotors Safari is a kit helicopter, produced by CHR International of Marianna, Florida, and formerly produced by Safari Helicopter (formerly known as Canadian Home Rotors) of Ear Falls, Ontario.

The design is reminiscent of a small-scale Bell 47 helicopter. In fact, the helicopter was originally called the Baby Belle, but Bell Helicopters objected and the name was changed to Safari.

Ear Falls
Ear Falls is a township located in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, on the banks of the English River, Lac Seul, Pakwash Lake and Wenesaga Lake. It is located along Highway 105, 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Highway 17 and Vermilion Bay, about halfway between Highway 17 and Red Lake, or about 480 kilometres (300 mi) northwest of Thunder Bay.

Ear Falls is entirely surrounded by Unorganized Kenora District. The closest community to Ear Falls is Wabauskang First Nation, followed by the unincorporated community of Perrault Falls. It was first incorporated as an Improvement District in 1970 out of unorganized area.
JGR Class 8150
The Class 8150 is a type of 2-6-0 steam locomotive used on Japanese Government Railways. The 8150 class were among the seven hundred locomotives built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in the United States for export to Japan.

Ministry of Railways (Japan)
The Japanese Government Railways (JGR) was the national railway system directly operated by the Japanese Ministry of Railways (鉄道省, Tetsudō-shō; Japanese pronunciation: [te̞t͡sɨᵝdo̞ːɕo̞ː]) until 1949. It was a predecessor of Japanese National Railways and the later Japan Railways Group.
Andrew Davies (British runner)
Andrew Davies (born 30 October 1979) is a Welsh, British long-distance runner and mountain runner. He competed in the men's marathon at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics, placing 31st in 2:17:59.

Davies participated in the 2016 World Long Distance Mountain Running Championships held in Podbrdo, Slovenia. He placed 9th in the men's event, and second in the team event as part of the United Kingdom team.

He represented Wales in the marathon at the Commonwealth Games in 2014 and 2018, finishing 17th and 11th respectively. He was fifth in the 2016 IAU 50 km World Championships, and ran a time of 2:15:11 at the 2017 London Marathon.

In 2018, Davies won the 35-39 age category at the World Masters Mountain Running Championships.

In 2019, he set a personal best of 2:14:36 at the Valencia Marathon. His time there was a new British over-40 record for the marathon.

2017 London Marathon
The 2017 London Marathon was the 37th running of the annual marathon race in London, England, which took place on Sunday, 23 April. Mary Jepkosgei Keitany won the women's race, setting a new women-only marathon world record with a time of 2:17:01, while Daniel Wanjiru came first in the men's race in 2:05:48. David Weir claimed a record breaking seventh win at the London Marathon in the men's wheelchair event. The win broke a tie between Weir and Tanni Gray Thompson for the most wins at the London Marathon.

Around 253,930 people applied to enter the race: 53,229 had their applications accepted and 40,048 started the race. These were all record highs for the race. A total of 39,406 runners, 23,912 men and 15,494 women, finished the race.

In the under-17 Mini Marathon, the 3-mile able-bodied and wheelchair events were won by Toby Osman (14:25), Erin Wallace (16:09), Jack Agnew (11:39) and Kare Adenegan (12:51).
J. M. J. Supramaniam
James Mark Jeyasebasingam Supramaniam (13 October 1921 - 11 December 2008) was a doctor, public administrator, research clinician and the first Chairman of the Singapore Medical Research Council, WHO Fellow, and acknowledged world expert on tuberculosis, with Sir John Crofton and Wallace Fox.

Supramaniam played an important part in the elimination of tuberculosis in Singapore, and is sometimes called the 'Father of Tuberculosis' there. He established aviation medicine in Singapore and was founding chairman of the Singapore Medical Aviation Board.

He was deputy permanent secretary of health in Singapore from 1971-1981.

Supramaniam was a WHO advisor and provided technical assistance for newly established medical services in African countries and Taiwan in the 1960s.

John Crofton
Sir John Wenman Crofton (27 March 1912 – 3 November 2009) was a pioneer in the treatment of tuberculosis, who also spent the better part of his life raising awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco.
Duvdevani
Duvdevani (Hebrew: דובדבני, also דֻּבדבני) is a Hebrew-language surname. It is a Hebraization of the Yiddish surname Kirshenbaum: the latter means literally "cherry tree", while "cherry" is דובדבן in Hebrew.  Notable people with the surname include:

Amit Duvdevani (born 1974), Israeli musician and music producer

Avraham Duvdevani (born 1945), Israeli public figure, Chairman of the World Zionist Organization (2010-2020)

Lior Duvdevani (born 1979), Israeli comedian

Yehiel Duvdevani (1896–1988), Zionist activist and politician

Yehuda Duvdevani, brigadier general of the Israeli Defence Force

Infected Mushroom
Infected Mushroom (Hebrew: אינפקטד מאשרום) is an Israeli musical duo formed in Haifa in 1996 by producers Erez Eisen (ארז אייזן) and Amit Duvdevani (עמית דובדבני). They produce and perform psytrance, electronica, dream trance and psychedelic music. They are one of the best-selling groups in Israeli music history in terms of both domestic and international sales.

They employ a variety of musical sources, including acoustic guitars and complex synthesized basses. Their compositions often contain changes of drum beat and tempo. Infected Mushroom's live shows feature vocals and analogue instruments in performances that are set against a multimedia backdrop.
Kineke Alexander
Kineke Alicia Alexander (born 21 February 1986 in Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) is a Vincentian sprinter who competed in the 400m event at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics. She was the flag bearer for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the 2008 opening ceremony and the 2012 opening ceremony.  She was also the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines flagbearer at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics, she finished in 4th place in her 400 m heat and therefore did not progress further.  At the London 2012 Olympics, Kineke competed in the first Round of the Women's 400m but she didn't finish. Alexander qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics and was again the flag bearer for the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she finished 7th in her heat and did not qualify for the semifinals.

Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metres
The Women's 400 metres at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place on 16–19 August at the Beijing National Stadium. The winning margin was 0.07 seconds.

The qualifying standards were 51.55 s (A standard) and 52.35 s (B standard).

Favourites for the event included Sanya Richards-Ross and the reigning world champion, Christine Ohuruogu. In the final, Richards-Ross made a rapid start and quickly took the lead, while Ohuruogu ran a more even-paced race, but was well down the field entering the final straight. However, in the last 100 metres Richard-Ross, clearly tired from her earlier effort, began to tie up badly, while Ohuruogu began to surge through the field. At the line, Great Britain's Christine Ohuruogu won in 49.62 seconds to add the Olympic title to her World title, just pipping Shericka Williams by 0.07 seconds to take gold. Richards-Ross faded to third, and bronze, in 49.93.
Nazarbayev Center
The Nazarbayev Center (Kazakh: Назарбаев орталығы, romanized: Nazarbaev ortalyğy, Russian: Назарбаев центр) is a multifunctional scientific, analytical, humanitarian, and educational public institution in Kazakhstan.

The center contains a museum of Kazakh history, a gallery of Kazakh artists, a national archive, an educational facility, and a library service. Founded in 2012, the center is located in Astana, Kazakhstan.

Educational institution
An educational institution is a place where people of different ages gain an education, including preschools, childcare, primary-elementary schools, secondary-high schools, and universities.  They provide a large variety of learning environments and learning spaces.
Mimulus pictus
Mimulus pictus is a botanical synonym of two species of plant:

Diplacus pictus, synonym published in 1886 by Asa Gray, (nom. illeg.)

Erythranthe guttata, synonym published in 1851 by Alexandre Victor Frédéric Ysabeau

Nomen illegitimum
Nomen illegitimum (Latin for illegitimate name) is a technical term used mainly in botany. It is usually abbreviated as nom. illeg. Although  the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants uses Latin terms as qualifiers for taxon names (e.g. nomen conservandum for "conserved name", and nomen superfluum for "superfluous name"), the definition of each term is in English rather than Latin. The Latin abbreviations are widely used by botanists and mycologists.