hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Temporal theory (hearing)
The temporal theory of hearing, also called frequency theory or timing theory, states that human perception of sound depends on temporal patterns with which neurons respond to sound in the cochlea. Therefore, in this theory, the pitch of a pure tone is determined by the period of neuron firing patterns—either of single neurons, or groups as described by the volley theory. Temporal theory competes with the place theory of hearing, which instead states that pitch is signaled according to the locations of vibrations along the basilar membrane.

Temporal theory was first suggested by August Seebeck.

Cochlea
The cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing. It is a spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth, in humans making 2.75 turns around its axis, the modiolus. A core component of the cochlea is the organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating the fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea.
Heloísa Helena (politician)
Heloísa Helena Lima de Moraes Carvalho (Portuguese pronunciation: [eloˈizɐ eˈlenɐ ˈlimɐ dʒi moˈɾajs kaʁˈvaʎu]; born 6 June 1962 in Pão de Açúcar, Alagoas) is a Brazilian nurse, schoolteacher, and politician, member of the political party Rede Sustentabilidade. She is the Brazilian woman to have received the third highest voting in a presidential race, ranking behind Marina Silva and Dilma Rousseff in 2010.

In 1998, she was elected Senator for Alagoas. Then a member of the Workers' Party, but in 2003 was expelled from the party. The following year, she was one of the founding members of the Socialism and Liberty Party. In 2013, she helped found the Rede Sustentabilidade Party.

In March 2022 she was amongst 151 international feminists signing Feminist Resistance Against War: A Manifesto, in solidarity with the Russian Feminist Anti-War Resistance.

Pão de Açúcar, Alagoas
09°44′52″S 37°26′13″W﻿ / ﻿9.74778°S 37.43694°W﻿ / -9.74778; -37.43694
Pão de Açúcar is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Alagoas. Its population is 24,351 (2020) and its area is 659 km2 (254 sq mi).
Palembang pitis
The Palembang pitis (also spelled pitjis) was a currency issued by the Palembang Sultanate from the 1600s until 1825 when the sultanate was dissolved and its territory taken over by the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies. The currency consisted of low denomination tin alloy coins which were mostly traded in bulk. Due to the lack of a centralized mint, the pitis often had inconsistent manufacture and were frequently counterfeited.

Palembang Sultanate
The Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam (Malay: كسلطانن ڤلمبڠ دارالسلام, romanized: Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam) was a sultanate in Indonesia whose capital was the city of Palembang in the southern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It was proclaimed in 1659 by Susuhunan Abdurrahman (1659–1706) and dissolved by the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies on 7 October 1823. In 1825, its last ruler, Sultan Ahmad Najamuddin, was arrested and sent into exile on the island of Banda Neira in the Moluccas.
McKenna McKee
McKenna McKee (born October 25, 2003) is an American female sprint track cyclist, who is a sixteen-time USA Cycling national champion, a Pan American Track Championships gold medalist, a two-time national record holder, and a part of the national team representing the USA at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships (2022–2025).

From September, 2024 through December, 2025, McKenna raced with Tesseract Racing Team (a UCI licensed, Cycling Canada trade team). Beginning Jan 1, 2026, she transferred to the US-based, UCI Star Track Cycling team.

In early 2025, McKenna was selected by the USA Cycling Track Team to represent the USA at the Pan American Track Cycling Championships, in Asuncion, Paraguay, April 2–6.  She won the Gold as a member of the Elite Women’s Team sprint.

Now in her fourth consecutive year training as part of the national team, McKenna’s singular goal is to qualify for the USA Olympic Cycling Team in 2028, in Los Angeles, CA.

USA Cycling
USA Cycling or USAC, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is the national governing body for bicycle racing in the United States. It covers the disciplines of road, track, mountain bike, cyclo-cross, and BMX across all ages and ability levels. In 2015, USAC had a membership of 61,631 individual members.

USA Cycling is associated with the UCI or, Union Cycliste Internationale, which governs international cycling, and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC). The organization is also a member of the continental body Confederacion Panamericana de Ciclismo (COPACI). USA Cycling also organizes the USA Cycling Pro Road Tour, the top road cycling series for men and women in the United States.
Buono (surname)
Buono is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angelo Buono Jr. (1934–2002), American serial killer

Barbara Buono (born 1953), American Democratic Party politician

Cara Buono (born 1971), American actress

Cosmo Buono,  American pianist

John L. Buono (born 1943),  American Republican Party politician

Victor Buono (1938–1982), American actor and comic

Wally Buono (born 1950), Canadian head coach, general manager and alternate governor

Cara Buono
Cara Buono (born March 1, 1971) is an American actress. She made her film debut in Gladiator (1992) and received recognition for her roles in various television shows including CBS Schoolbreak Special (1991), Law & Order (1996–2024), Mad Men (2010), and starred as Karen Wheeler in the Netflix series Stranger Things (2016–2025). Her roles earned her nominations for both a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series and a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in Children's Programming.

On film, Buono has appeared in a number of projects since her 1992 debut, with her most notable credits including Hulk (2003), in which she portrayed Edith Banner, Let Me In (2010), A Good Marriage (2014), Paper Towns (2015), All Saints (2017), Monsters and Men (2018), and She Came from the Woods (2022).
Kamphuis
Kamphuis is a Dutch toponymic surname. Meaning "house on a fenced/enclosed field", it may have a generic origin, or refer specifically to one of a number of hamlets with that name. It is most common in the provinces of Gelderland and Overijssel. Among variants are Camphues, Kamphuijs and plural forms like Kamphuijsen.  People with this name include:

Esmé Kamphuis (born 1983), Dutch heptathlete and bobsledder

Johannes Camphuys (1634–1695), Dutch Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies

Oude Kamphuis

Niels Oude Kamphuis (born 1977), Dutch football player

Esmé Kamphuis
Esmé Kamphuis (born 22 May 1983 in Zwolle) is a former Dutch heptathlete, who has competed as a bobsledder since 2004.  Her best Bobsleigh World Cup finish was second in the two-woman event at Cesana Pariol in the 2010-11 season. She took a bronze medal at the Bobsleigh European Championships in 2011.

Kamphuis also finished tenth in the two-woman event at the 2008 FIBT World Championships in Altenberg. She competed with Tine Veenstra at the 2010 Winter Olympics, where they finished eighth in the two-woman event.

She qualified for the bobsleigh competition at the 2014 Winter Olympics where she narrowly missed out on a medal by finishing fourth - the best ever result by a Dutch bobsleigh team. Subsequently, in July 2014 she announced her retirement from the sport following the retirement of her brakewoman Judith Vis.
Antonio Graziadei
Count Antonio Graziadei (5 January 1872 – 10 February 1953), also known as Tonio, was an Italian academic and politician. One of the co-founders of the Italian Communist Party, he was Professor of Political Economy at the Universities of Cagliari and Parma and a member of the Italian Parliament from 1910 to 1926. In 1928 he went on a self-imposed exile to France to escape fascism. After World War II he taught at the University of Rome.

University of Parma
The University of Parma  (Italian: Università degli Studi di Parma, UNIPR) is a public university located in Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Organized into nine departments, it is one of the oldest universities in the world. As of 2016, it had approximately 26,000 students.
2025 United Rentals 250
The 2025 United Rentals 250 was the 31st stock car race of the 2025 NASCAR Xfinity Series, the second race of the Round of 8, and the 5th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, October 18, 2025, at Talladega Superspeedway in Lincoln, Alabama, a 2.66 miles (4.28 km) asphalt superspeedway. The race was contested over 100 laps, extended from 94 laps due to a green-white-checkered finish.

In a wreck-filled race, Austin Hill, driving for Richard Childress Racing, would survive late chaos and continued to dominate superspeedways by winning both stages and leading a race-high 48 laps to earn his 14th career NASCAR Xfinity Series win, and his fourth of the season, sweeping both Talladega races for this season. He also advanced the No. 21 car into the Championship 4 of the owner's playoffs. To fill out the podium, Carson Kvapil and Justin Allgaier, both driving for JR Motorsports, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Green–white–checkered finish
In North American auto racing, a green–white–checker finish (GWC) is a racing restart procedure in which the race is restarted from a caution period with 2 laps remaining. When the race distance is extended to accommodate such a finish, it is also sometimes known as an overtime finish. The name alludes to three racing flags:

Green flag: shown to start or restart the race

White flag: shown at the start of the last lap

Checkered flag: shown at the finish of the race

The prescribed number of final laps is usually two. If a caution flag is shown within the specified number of laps of the scheduled finish, then the number of remaining laps will not be decremented until the green flag is shown again. The exact provisions vary between organizations. For some years after 2007, NASCAR on Fox referred to the extra laps after the scheduled number as Overdrive, an allusion to the term overtime used in many other sports. NASCAR officially adopted the term "NASCAR Overtime" in 2016.
Judaica Press
Judaica Press  is an American independent publishing house founded in New York City by S. Goldman in 1963, and then taken over by his son Jack Goldman in response to the growing demand for scholarly works covering the academic field of Jewish studies in the English-speaking Jewish diaspora.

In addition to publishing the Mikraoth Gedoloth Nach (Prophets and Writings of the Hebrew Bible) series, Goldman acquired the rights to some of the major works of Jewish scholarship at the time: the Blackman Mishnayoth set, the Hirsch Chumash set, and the comprehensive Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Bavli, Talmud Yerushlami, and Midrashic Literature (1886–1903) written by the Orthodox Jewish rabbi and Talmudic scholar Marcus Jastrow.

Samson Raphael Hirsch
Samson Raphael Hirsch (Hebrew: שמשון רפאל הירש; 20 June 1808 – 31 December 1888) was a German Orthodox rabbi best known as the intellectual founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism. Occasionally termed neo-Orthodoxy, his philosophy, together with that of Azriel Hildesheimer, has had a considerable influence on the development of Orthodox Judaism.

Hirsch was rabbi in Oldenburg, Emden, and was subsequently appointed chief rabbi of Moravia. From 1851 until his death, Hirsch led the secessionist Orthodox community in Frankfurt am Main. He wrote a number of influential books, and for a number of years published the monthly journal Jeschurun, in which he outlined his philosophy of Judaism. He was a vocal opponent of Reform Judaism, Zionism, and similarly opposed early forms of Conservative Judaism.
Janoušek
Janoušek (feminine: Janoušková) is a Czech surname. It is a diminutive form of the given name Jan. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Janoušková (born 1965), Czech cross-country skier

Aťka Janoušková (1930–2019), Czech actress and singer

Antonín Janoušek (1877–1941), Czech politician

Bohumil Janoušek (born 1937), Czech rower

Gabriel Janoušek (born 1940), Czech canoer

Jiří Janoušek (born 1989), Czech footballer

Karel Janoušek (1893–1971), Czechoslovak Air Force commander

Miloš Janoušek (1952–2023), Slovak folk musician

Roman Janoušek (born 1968), Czech lobbyist

Roman Janoušek (born 1972), Czech footballer

Václav Janoušek, Czech canoer

Věra Janoušková (1922–2010), Czech sculptor, painter and graphic artist

Vladimír Janoušek (1922–1986), Czech sculptor and painter

Věra Janoušková
Věra Janoušková, née Havlová (25 June 1922 – 10 August 2010) was a Czech sculptor, collagist, painter and graphic artist. She was the wife of sculptor Vladimír Janoušek. In the 1960s, her sculptures made of enamel were among the highlights of Czech modern art and she is deservedly listed in Hazan's Nouveau dictionnaire de la sculpture moderne (Paris, 1970). After the occupation of Czechoslovakia by Soviet troops in August 1968, both Věra and Vladimír Janoušek lost the opportunity to exhibit and worked in seclusion. After the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia, Věra Janoušková had a retrospective exhibition at the National Gallery in Prague. In 2004, she founded the Věra and Vladimír Janoušek Foundation and bequeathed the entire estate of the couple to Museum Kampa – Jan and Meda Mládek Foundation.
Karezat
Karezat is a large tehsil of Karezat District. Karezat is in the north east of Pishin, Pakistan. In Karezat, the largest city is Khanozai Bazar.

Karezat is a tehsil and sub-division of the Karezat District of Balochistan Province, Pakistan.

The name Karezat refers to the karezes, underground channels with vertical access shafts, used to transport water from an aquifer under a hill, in the villages of the tehsil. Only Two karezes remains in the village Khushab, and the other is in Village Newkarez Murgha, all are no longer usable, due to drought.

It comprises many large villages which have large populations of the Kakar tribe; residents' livelihoods are based on agriculture.  In early times, farms were irrigated by the karezes, which were the major source of water in the area.

Divisions of Pakistan
The administrative units of Pakistan contains four provinces, two administrative territories of the Kashmir region and a capital territory. The provinces and administrative territories are subdivided into 37 divisions. These divisions are further subdivided into districts, tehsils, and finally union councils. The divisions were abolished in 2000, but restored in 2008.

These divisions do not include the Islamabad Capital Territory. The formerly Federally Administered Tribal Areas, which were counted at the same level as provinces, have been subsumed into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and allocated to neighbouring divisions therein in 2018.
Girados en Concierto
Girados en Concierto (Girados Live) is a live-concert double-album by Latin Grammy-winning Spanish musician and actor, Miguel Bosé and Spanish singer Ana Torroja, formerly of the group Mecano. It was released in the U.S. on May 14, 2002. The only completely new song on the album is Corazones (Hearts), a duet written and performed by both; the rest are hits from each of their respective careers. In the case of Torroja the songs include solo hits as well as from her years with Mecano.

Ana Torroja
Ana Torroja Fungairiño, 3rd Marchioness of Torroja (born 28 December 1959) is a Spanish singer and aristocrat. She was the lead singer of the pop trio Mecano, considered one of the most popular pop bands from Spain during the 1980s and 1990s. Mecano split in 1998, and she embarked on a solo career.
Tawera Kerr-Barlow
Tawera Narada James Kerr-Barlow (born 15 August 1990) is an Australian-born New Zealand rugby union rugby player. His regular playing position is scrum-half. He plays for Stade Français in the Top 14.
Kerr-Barlow represented New Zealand under 20 in the 2010 IRB Junior World Championship. He is a key member of 2015 Rugby World Cup winning team.

New Zealand national under-20 rugby union team
The New Zealand national under-20 rugby union team, nicknamed the Baby Blacks, is the representative rugby union team from New Zealand. It replaced the two former age grade teams, the under-19s and the under-21s. Their first tournament was the 2008 IRB Junior World Championship, which they won after defeating England (38–3) in the final. They have gone on to also win the World Rugby Under 20 Championship in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2015 and 2017. The New Zealand under-20s have been nicknamed the "Baby Blacks" after the youthful All Blacks side which played in 1986.
Christophorus Castanis
Christophorus Plato Castanis (Greek: Χριστόφορος Πλάτων Καστανής; 1814–1866; also known as Christophoros Castanis or Castanes and Christoforos Kastanis or Kastanes) was a Greek-American academic, author and classicist. Castanis was born at Livadia, Chios on 1 April 1814 and lived much of his life in the United States. He published an autobiography titled The Greek Exile in 1851, which told of his survival of the Chios massacre, his time in Ottoman slavery, and his emigration to America.

Chios (town)
Chios (Greek: Χίος) is the main town and a former municipality on the Greek island of Chios in the North Aegean. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Chios, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 22.823 km2. It is located on the eastern coast of the island facing the Turkish coastal town of Çeşme. The town has a population of 27,015 (2021) and is the administrative capital and main port of both the island and of the regional unit of Chios. Chios town is one of eight municipal units on the island.

The city is often locally referred to as Chora (Χώρα; lit. 'town') or Kastro (Κάστρο; 'castle') to distinguish it from the entirety of the island with which it shares the name.

North of Chios lies the suburb of Vrontados, while the Chios Island National Airport and town of Karfas lie a few kilometres south of the centre.
Oshi no Ko
Oshi no Ko (【推しの子】) is a Japanese manga series written by Aka Akasaka and illustrated by Mengo Yokoyari. It was serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Young Jump from April 2020 to November 2024, with its chapters collected in 16 tankōbon volumes. It follows a doctor and his recently deceased patient who were reborn as twins to a famous Japanese pop idol and navigate the highs and lows of the country's entertainment industry as they grow up together through their lives. It has been licensed for release in North America by Yen Press and is simultaneously published by Shueisha on their Manga Plus platform.

An anime television series adaptation, produced by Doga Kobo, aired its first 11-episode season from April to June 2023. A second 13-episode season aired from July to October 2024. A third season premiered in January 2026.

By December 2025, Oshi no Ko had over 25 million copies in circulation.

Kadokawa Corporation
Kadokawa Corporation (Japanese: 株式会社KADOKAWA, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Kadokawa), formerly Kadokawa Dwango Corporation, is a Japanese conglomerate based in Fujimi, Chiyoda, Tokyo.

Created as a result of the merger of the original Kadokawa Corporation and Dwango Co., Ltd. on October 1, 2014, the company has holdings in entertainment (including anime and video game studios), publishing, and real estate among other assets.

Kadokawa is a member of the Motion Picture Association of Japan (MPPAJ) and is therefore one of the youngest of Japan's Big Four film studios.
Diane Jardine Bruce
Diane M. Jardine Bruce (born June 1956) was the Bishop Provisional of the Episcopal Diocese of West Missouri from 2021 to 2025. She previously served as the seventh bishop suffragan of the Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles.

Provisional bishop
A provisional bishop in the Episcopal Church (United States) is a bishop—either retired or concurrently holding another episcopal post (such as in a neighbouring diocese)—who serves as the bishop of a particular diocese during a vacancy in that see. The provisional bishop may then serve either for an agreed period of time or until a new diocesan bishop is elected and consecrated—but both at the pleasure of the diocese's Convention. Provisional bishops are appointed under Canon III.13 of the Constitution and Canons of the Episcopal Church, 2012.
Dunikowski Ridge
Dunikowski Ridge (62°9′S 58°11′W﻿ / ﻿62.150°S 58.183°W﻿ / -62.150; -58.183) is a ridge trending northwest–southeast and rising to about 315 metres (1,030 ft) northeast of Legru Bay, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. It was named following geological work by the Polish Antarctic Expedition, 1977–79, after Xawery Dunikowski, the Polish sculptor.

Xawery Dunikowski
Xawery Dunikowski (Polish pronunciation: [ksaˈvɛrɨ duɲiˈkɔfskʲi]; 24 December 1875 – 26 January 1964) was a Polish sculptor and artist, notable for surviving Auschwitz concentration camp, and best known for his Neo-Romantic sculptures and Auschwitz-inspired art.
1973 Norwich City Council election
The 1973 Norwich City Council election took place on 7 June 1973 to elect members of Norwich City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. Voting took place across 16 wards, each electing 3 Councillors. Following the Local Government Act 1972, this was the first election to the new non-metropolitan district council for Norwich, which came into being on 1 April the following year. Labour took control of the Council after winning a comfortable majority of seats.

1973 United Kingdom local elections
The first elections to the new local authorities established by the Local Government Act 1972 in England and Wales and the new Northern Ireland district councils created by the Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 took place in 1973. Elections to the existing Greater London Council also took place.
Super Charm-Tau factory
Super Charm-Tau factory (SCT) is an electron–positron collider being designed and built by Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk. Its main goal is to study the CP-violation in the processes involving charmed hadrons, to investigate decays of the τ-lepton as well as to search for new forms of matter: glueballs, dark matter, etc.

In the SCT the center of mass energy of colliding electrons and positrons will be 2–6 GeV while the luminosity will reach as high as 2×1035 cm−2·s−1. The electrons will be partially polarized. The synchrotron will be operating for 10 years. The particle registration and measurements will done using a universal high performance magnetic detector with the field strength of 1–1.5 tesla.

The SCT project is one Megascience class projects being built in Russia.

Collider
A collider is a type of particle accelerator that brings two opposing particle beams together such that the particles collide. Compared to other particle accelerators in which the moving particles collide with a stationary matter target, colliders can achieve higher collision energies.  Colliders may either be ring accelerators or linear accelerators.

Colliders are used as a research tool in particle physics by accelerating particles to very high kinetic energy and letting them impact other particles. Analysis of the byproducts of these collisions gives scientists good evidence of the structure of the subatomic world and the laws of nature governing it. These may become apparent only at high energies and for extremely short periods of time, and therefore may be hard or impossible to study in other ways.