hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
BioDuro
BioDuro is an American contract research, development, and manufacturing organization (CRDMO) headquartered in Irvine, California. Founded in 1996, the company operates seven R&D and manufacturing campuses across the United States and China and employs more than 2,000 scientists worldwide. BioDuro provides integrated services from discovery through commercial manufacturing, including medicinal chemistry, biology, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK), drug substance, and drug product development. Its capabilities extend across modalities such as small molecules, peptides, oligonucleotides, and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs).

Antibody–drug conjugate
Antibody–drug conjugates or ADCs are a class of bioconjugates and immunoconjugates. ADCs are composed of an antibody linked to a cytotoxic (anticancer) "payload" or drug.

Among treatment options for cancer, chemotherapy is most widely used. Its main limitation is low target specificity. Unlike chemotherapy, ADCs target tumor cells while sparing healthy cells. As of 2019, some 56 pharmaceutical companies were developing ADCs.

ADCs combine the targeting properties of monoclonal antibodies with the cancer-killing capabilities of cytotoxic drugs, designed to discriminate between healthy and diseased tissue.
Heegner
Kurt Heegner was a German mathematician

Heegner points are special points on elliptic curves

The Stark–Heegner theorem identifies the imaginary quadratic fields of class number 1.

A Heegner number is a number n such that Q(√−n) is an imaginary quadratic field of class number 1.

Heegner point
In mathematics, a Heegner point is a point on a modular curve that is the image of a quadratic imaginary point of the upper half-plane. Heegner points were defined by Bryan Birch and named after Kurt Heegner, who used similar ideas to prove Gauss's conjecture on imaginary quadratic fields of class number one.
Medical logic module
A medical logic module (MLM) is an independent unit in a healthcare knowledge base that represents the knowledge published on a requirement for treating a patient according to a single medical decision.

Possible usage is with an event monitor program in an intensive care ward or with hospital information system on occurrence of defined conditions. See Arden syntax reference for examples. Early introduction is given with monographs.

Knowledge base
In computer science, a knowledge base (KB) is a set of sentences, each sentence given in a knowledge representation language, with interfaces to tell new sentences and to ask questions about what is known, where either of these interfaces might use inference. It is a technology used to store complex structured data used by a computer system. The initial use of the term was in connection with expert systems, which were the first knowledge-based systems.
Skate shop
A skateshop is a type of store that sells skateboard parts and skateboarding apparel. When financially possible, skate shops sponsor local riders and promote skateboarding locally through skate videos and demonstrations, referred to as "demos".

Sponsor (commercial)
Sponsoring something (or someone) is the act of supporting an event, activity, person, or organization financially or through the provision of products or services. The individual or group that provides the support, similar to a benefactor, is known as the sponsor.
Nutwood Site
The Nutwood Site is a pre-Columbian archaeological site located on the western site of Illinois Route 100 immediately south of Narrows Creek near Nutwood, Illinois. The site dates from the Jersey Bluff phase of the Late Woodland period, which lasted from 750 to 1100 A.D. A large shell midden is located at the site; the shells were likely fished from Narrows Creek and nearby Otter Creek. Four firepits, which were identified by their concentrations of burnt limestone and igneous rock, have also been found at the site. In addition, the presence of Hopewell pottery fragments suggests that the site had connections to the earlier Hopewell culture.

The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 9, 1979.

Igneous rock
Igneous rock (igneous from Latin  igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in a terrestrial planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses.

Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust.
Greg Creed
Greg Creed (born c.1958) is an American businessman who was the CEO of Yum! Brands, from January 2015 until December 2019, when he retired, remaining on its board of directors.

He was the CEO of Taco Bell, from February 2011 until January 2015. He began as a Taco Bell executive in 2001, and began his career as a Yum! executive in 1994. Prior to that, he worked at Unilever. He holds a business degree from the Queensland University of Technology. He serves on the board of directors of the Whirlpool Corporation and Delta Air Lines.

He earned a business degree from Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, and in 2014 he was named Alumnus of the Year.

Taco Bell
Taco Bell IP Holder, LLC, formerly Taco Bell Corp. doing business as Taco Bell, is an American multinational chain of fast food restaurants founded in 1962 by Glen Bell (1923–2010) in Downey, California. Taco Bell is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc. The restaurants serve a variety of Mexican-inspired foods, including tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty, and specialty items, and a variety of "value menu" items. As of 2023, Taco Bell serves over two billion customers each year, at 8,212 restaurants, more than 94 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.

PepsiCo purchased Taco Bell in 1978. PepsiCo later spun off its restaurants division as Tricon Global Restaurants; subsequently, it changed its name to Yum! Brands.
Love Rites
Love Rites (also known as Cérémonie d'amour) is a 1987 erotic French film directed by Walerian Borowczyk and starring Mathieu Carrière and Marina Pierro.

The film is based on the novel Tout Disparaitra by André Pieyre de Mandiargues.

Mathieu Carrière
Mathieu Carrière (German: [maˈtjø kaˈʁjɛʁ] ⓘ; born 2 August 1950) is a German stage and screen actor with strong French connections. He has appeared in around 250 films worldwide and in 4000 hours of television. Carrière is also a director and a writer and is known as an advocate for the rights of fathers.
Ma Zhong (Shu Han)
Ma Zhong (died 249), courtesy name Dexin, originally named Hu Du, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. After Liu Bei's death, he served under Zhuge Liang during the Southern Campaign and helped to quell the rebellion. He was appointed as the area commander in the south after Li Hui's death where he spends most of his life pacifying the region, often with the help of Zhang Ni. Ma Zhong was known as generous and whimsical but also decisive in handling affairs. Hence the southern tribes both feared and respected him. His duty in the south could be comparable to Wang Ping in the north and Deng Zhi in the east. After his death, the foreigners sorely missed him and later established a temple in his honor.

Records of the Three Kingdoms
The Records of the Three Kingdoms is a Chinese official history written by Chen Shou in the late 3rd century CE, covering the end of the Han dynasty (c. 184 – 220 CE) and the subsequent Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE). It is regarded as to be the authoritative source text for these periods. Compiled following the reunification of China under the Jin dynasty (266–420), the work chronicles the political, social, and military events within rival states Cao Wei, Shu Han and Eastern Wu into a single text organized by individual biography.

The Records are the primary source of information for the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, considered to be one of the four classic novels emblematic of written vernacular Chinese.

While large subsections of the work have been selected and translated into English, the entire corpus has yet to receive an unabridged English translation.
Hagbard and Signe
Hagbard and Signe or The Red Mantle (Danish: Den røde kappe, Swedish: Den röda kappan, Icelandic: Rauða skikkjan) is a 1967 internationally co-produced drama film based on the story of Hagbard and Signy from the twelfth-century work Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus, directed by Gabriel Axel and starring Gitte Hænning. The film was shot in Iceland, with interiors built and filmed in Nacka, Sweden.

Gesta Danorum
Gesta Danorum ("Deeds of the Danes") is a patriotic work of Danish history, by the 12th-century author Saxo Grammaticus ("Saxo the Literate", literally "the Grammarian"). It is the most ambitious literary undertaking of medieval Denmark and is an essential source for the nation's early history. It is also one of the oldest known written documents about the history of Estonia and Latvia.

Consisting of sixteen books written in Latin on the invitation of Archbishop Absalon, Gesta Danorum describes Danish history and to some degree Scandinavian history in general, from prehistory to the late 12th century. In addition, Gesta Danorum offers singular reflections on European affairs in the High Middle Ages from a unique Scandinavian perspective, supplementing what has been handed down by historians from Western and Southern Europe.
Soft state
In computer science, soft state is state which is useful for efficiency, but not essential, as it can be regenerated or replaced if needed. The term is often used in network protocol engineering.

It is a term that is used for information that times out (goes away) unless refreshed, which allows protocols to recover from errors in certain services. The term was coined by David D. Clark in his description of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) internet protocols.

While in general less efficient than well-designed "hard state" protocols when tuned for a particular network regime, soft state protocols behave much better than hard state protocols in an unpredictable network environment such as the Internet.

David D. Clark
David Dana "Dave" Clark (born April 7, 1944) is an American computer scientist and Internet pioneer who has been involved with Internet developments since the mid-1970s. He currently works as a senior research scientist at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL).
Busalla
Busalla is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria, located about 27 kilometres (17 mi) north of Genoa.

Its territory is crossed by the upper valley of the Scrivia river. Nearby is the artificial Lake Busalletta.

Metropolitan City of Genoa
The Metropolitan City of Genoa (Italian: città metropolitana di Genova) is a metropolitan city in the region of Liguria in northern Italy. Its capital is the city of Genoa. It replaced the province of Genoa in 2015. It has 67 municipalities (comuni) in an area of 1,833.79 square kilometres (708.03 sq mi) and a total population of about 818,651 as of 2025.
Josephine Nordstrøm Olsen
Josephine Nordstrøm Olsen (born 7 May 1998) is a Danish handball player and beach handball player for Bjerringbro FH in the Damehåndboldligaen.

She was a part of the Danish team that won the 2019 European Beach Handball Championship.

Beach handball
Beach handball is a team sport where two teams pass and bounce or roll a ball, trying to throw it in the goal of the opposing team. The game is similar to standard handball, but it is played on sand instead of on a solid floor. Because the ball loses most of its bounce on sand, there is little to no dribbling, and players instead perform more passing as the rules of travelling still apply.
Educating Eve
Educating Eve: The 'Language Instinct' Debate is a book by Geoffrey Sampson, providing arguments against Noam Chomsky's theory of a human instinct for (first) language acquisition. Sampson explains the original title of the book as a deliberate allusion to Educating Rita (1980), and uses the plot of that play to illustrate his argument. Sampson's book is a response to Steven Pinker's The Language Instinct specifically and Chomskyan linguistic nativism broadly.

The title, Educating Eve, was dropped after the first edition because the allusion to Educating Rita "was deemed unduly mysterious". The revised edition (2005) contains an additional chapter and "many passages, from a few words up to new chapter-sections, that discuss relevant scientific findings which have emerged since the first edition, or respond to objections made by critics of that edition."

Continuum International Publishing Group
Continuum International Publishing Group was an academic publisher of books with editorial offices in London and New York City. It was purchased by Nova Capital Management in 2005. In July 2011, it was taken over by Bloomsbury Publishing. From September 2012, all new Continuum titles were published under the Bloomsbury name (under the imprint Bloomsbury Academic).
Nizigama
Nizigama is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aloÿs Nizigama (born 1966), Burundian long-distance runner

Gabriel Nizigama, Burundian politician

Lucie Nizigama (1957–2010), Burundian legal scholar and activist

Aloÿs Nizigama
Aloÿs Nizigama (born 18 June 1966) is a retired Burundian long-distance runner who specialized in the 5000 and 10,000 metres.

His personal best 10,000 metres time was 27:20.38 minutes, achieved in July 1995 in London. This is the current Burundian record.

In his career, Nizigama ran 21 sub-28 minute 10,000 metres races, 2nd only to Haile Gebrselassie with 23 times.
Mess Around
The "Mess Around" is a song written by Ahmet Ertegun, co-founder and then-vice-president of Atlantic Records, under the pseudonym of A. Nugetre, or "Nuggy". It was performed by Ray Charles, and was one of Charles's first hits.

Dr. John
Malcolm John Rebennack Jr. (November 20, 1941 – June 6, 2019), better known by his stage name Dr. John, was an American singer, songwriter and pianist. His music combined New Orleans blues, jazz, R&B, soul and funk.

Active as a session musician from the late 1950s until his death, he gained a following in the late 1960s after the release of his album Gris-Gris (1968) and his appearance at the Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music (1970). He typically performed a lively, theatrical stage show inspired by medicine shows, Mardi Gras costumes, and voodoo ceremonies. Rebennack recorded thirty studio albums and nine live albums, as well as contributing to thousands of other musicians' recordings. In 1973, he achieved a top-10 hit single with "Right Place, Wrong Time".
Arnoldo Stegman
Arnoldo Stegman Putsche (21 August 1905–?) is a Chilean businessman, farmer and former parliamentarian affiliated with the Agrarian Labor Party.

He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies during the XLVI Legislative Period (1949–1953), representing the southern districts of Chile.

Collipulli
Collipulli is a city and commune forming part of the Malleco Province in the Araucanía Region in southern Chile. Its name means "coloured lands" in the Mapuche language spoken in the area. It has a population of 22,354 (2005) and an area of 1,296 km2 (500 sq mi). Its current mayor is Manuel Macaya Ramírez.
Guatemala at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Guatemala competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024. The nation made its official debut in Helsinki 1952, and Guatemalan athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympics from 1968 onwards.

Kevin Cordón and Waleska Soto were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

In the men's trap event, sports shooter Jean Pierre Brol won the bronze medal, the second olympic medal ever for Guatemala in an Olympic Games.

In the women's trap event, sports shooter Adriana Ruano won the first-ever gold medal for Guatemala.

Jean Pierre Brol
Jean Pierre Brol (born December 18, 1982) is a Guatemalan sport-shooter. He won gold for shooting at the 2011 Pan American Games in Men's trap and competed in the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the men's trap event.  He finished in 28th place.

He won the bronze medal in Paris 2024 in the Men's Trap event, which represented Guatemala's second medal in its Olympic history.
John Crayford
John Crayford (died 1547) was a Master of both Clare College, Cambridge, and University College, Oxford, England. Martyn was unusual in being a Master of colleges at both the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. He was the only Master of University College to also have been a Master at a Cambridge college.

Crayford was a Fellow at University College in the early 1520s. He was Master of Clare College, Cambridge from 1530 to 1539 and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge during 1534–36. He helped in the university's support for Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533. From 1545 to 1547 he was Archdeacon of Berkshire.
Later he became Master of University College from 1546 until his unexpected death in August 1547, only a year later.

Archdeacon of Berkshire
The Archdeacon of Berkshire (also rendered Archdeacon of Berks) is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England Diocese of Oxford. The archdeacon is the head of the archdeaconry of Berkshire, a post historically found within the diocese of Salisbury, and then, from 7 October 1836, within Oxford diocese.
Coleophora coracipennella
Coleophora coracipennella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. The species is found in Europe and was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1796.

The wingspan is 8.5–11.5 mm (0.33–0.45 in). The moth flies from June to July depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Prunus spinosa, Prunus padus, Prunus cerasus and other Prunus species, as well as on apples  and Crataegus.

Prunus padus
Prunus padus, known as bird cherry, hackberry (unrelated to the genus Celtis), hagberry, or Mayday tree, is a flowering plant in the rose family. It is a species of cherry, a deciduous small tree or large shrub up to 16 metres (52 ft) tall.  It is the type species of the subgenus Padus, which have flowers in racemes.  It is native to northern Europe and northern and northeast Asia and is grown as an ornamental in North America.
Isawa, Iwate
Isawa (胆沢町, Isawa-chō) was a town located in  Isawa District, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. It is currently part of the city of Ōshū. Isawa is well known for its capsicum (green pepper).

The name of the area is derived from the ancient Isawa tribe of Emishi who had put up fierce resistance to the Yamato court and its imperial aspirations. Isawa village proper was created on April 1, 1955 through the merger of the villages of Oyama, Natsuta and Wakayanagi. It was raised to town status on April 1, 1967. On February 20, 2006, Isawa, was merged with the cities of Esashi and Mizusawa, the town of Maesawa, and the village of Koromogawa (both from Isawa District), was merged to create the city of Ōshū, and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

As of February 2006, the town had an estimated population of 17,297 and a population density of 58.04 persons per km2. The total area was 298.02 km2.

Capsicum
Capsicum (/ˈkæpsɪkəm/) is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae, native to the Americas, cultivated worldwide for their edible fruit, which are generally known as "peppers" or "capsicum". Chili peppers grow on five species of Capsicum. Sweet or bell peppers and some chili peppers are Capsicum annuum, making it the most cultivated species in the genus.
The Billy Rose Show
The Billy Rose Show, aka Billy Rose's Playbill, is a 30-minute American dramatic anthology series produced by Jed Harris. A total of twenty-five episodes aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) from October 3, 1950 to March 27, 1951. Billy Rose served as host. Episodes were based on Rose's newspaper articles.

Guest stars included Leo G. Carroll, Alfred Drake, Burgess Meredith, Otto Preminger, Tom Ewell, Lionel Stander, and Cloris Leachman. Among its directors were Jed Harris and Daniel Petrie, later a prominent feature director.  Writers included Paul Osborn, Edward Chodorov, and Ben Hecht.

The program was sponsored by Hudson Motor Car Company.

Episodes included "The Night They Made a Bum Out of Helen Hayes" on October 3, 1950, with Jackie Miles and Murvyn Vye starring.

Paul Osborn
Paul Osborn (September 4, 1901 – May 12, 1988) was an American playwright and screenwriter. Osborn's original plays are The Vinegar Tree, Oliver Oliver, and Morning's at Seven and among his several successful adaptations, On Borrowed Time has proved particularly popular. He wrote the screenplays for East of Eden (1955) and South Pacific (1958), among other films.
David Gwinnutt
David Gwinnutt (born 1961) is a British photographer, artist and designer who was part of London's 1980s club scene.
His work is known for its intimate nature, revealing an unseen side to his subjects, which are drawn from London's art world and queer scene. He has photographed amongst others, Quentin Crisp, Derek Jarman, Gilbert and George, Leigh Bowery Edmund White, Maggie Hambling, Rupert Everett and John Schlesinger

EuroPride
EuroPride is a pan-European international event dedicated to LGBTQ pride, hosted by a different European city each year. The host city is usually one with an established pride event or a significant LGBTQ community.

For up to a month, numerous sporting, artistic and human rights events are staged throughout the host city. EuroPride usually culminates during a weekend with a traditional Mardi Gras-style pride parade, live music, human rights conference, special club nights, and an AIDS memorial vigil.
Baghlan University
Baghlan University (Dari: پوهنتون بغلان; Pashto: د بغلان پوهنتون) is a public university in Puli Khumri, which is the capital of Baghlan Province in northern Afghanistan. It was established in 1993 as Hakim Naser Khesraw University but closed down during the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001). The university resumed operation in 2003 during the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan. Since 2007 the university has been rebuilt and expanded.

Baghlan University is under Afghanistan's Ministry of Higher Education, considered as one of the 5 best universities in the country.

Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan
The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (TISA), also known as the Afghan Transitional Authority, was the temporary transitional government in Afghanistan established by the loya jirga in June 2002. The Transitional Authority succeeded the original Islamic State of Afghanistan and preceded the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.