hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Attentional control
Attentional control, commonly referred to as concentration, refers to an individual's capacity to choose what they pay attention to and what they ignore. It is also known as endogenous attention or executive attention. In lay terms, attentional control can be described as an individual's ability to concentrate. Primarily mediated by the frontal areas of the brain including the anterior cingulate cortex, attentional control and attentional shifting are thought to be closely related to other executive functions such as working memory.

Neuroconstructivism
Neuroconstructivism is a theory that states that phylogenetic developmental processes such as gene–gene interaction, gene–environment interaction and, crucially, ontogeny all play a vital role in how the brain progressively sculpts itself and how it gradually becomes specialized over developmental time.

Supporters of neuroconstructivism, such as Annette Karmiloff-Smith, argue against innate modularity of mind, the notion that a brain is composed of innate neural structures or modules which have distinct evolutionarily established functions. Instead, emphasis is put on innate domain relevant biases. These biases are understood as aiding learning and directing attention. Module-like structures are therefore the product of both experience and these innate biases. Neuroconstructivism can therefore be seen as a bridge between Jerry Fodor's psychological nativism and Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Al Maktoum Stadium
Al-Maktoum Stadium (Arabic: ملعب آل مكتوم) is a multi-purpose stadium in Oud Metha, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Al Nasr SC. The stadium holds roughly 15,000 people.

It was upgraded for the 2019 AFC Asian Cup. This was in order to meet the regulations set by the Asian Football Confederation to host matches on a continental scale, and so that Dubai would be able to host more matches and events in the venue.

Oud Metha
Oud Metha (Arabic: عود ميثاء), or Al Nasr (Arabic: النصر) is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Although a small residential locality, has several commercial and entertainment complexes, schools and cultural clubs.

Al Nasr is bordered by the localities of Al Karama, Umm Hurair 2 and Zabeel.  It is the home of Al-Nasr Sports Club, a football club of the UAE League based in Dubai.

In addition, several expatriate schools such as Dubai Gem Private School, GEMS Winchester School, The Indian High School, Dubai, Al Rashed Al Saleh Private School and St. Mary's Catholic High School as well as cultural clubs such as the India Club, the Iranian Club, the Sudanese Social Club and the Pakistani Association of Dubai are located in this area. The French international school Lycée Français International Georges Pompidou maintains a maternelle (preschool) campus in Oud Metha.

The Dubai Metro's Green Line also has a station at Oud Metha.
Looop Lapeta
Looop Lapeta is a 2022 Indian Hindi-language comedy-thriller film directed by Aakash Bhatia and jointly produced by Sony Pictures Films India, Ellipsis Entertainment and Aayush Maheshwari. An official adaptation of the award-winning German film Run Lola Run by Tom Tykwer, the film stars Taapsee Pannu  and Tahir Raj Bhasin in the lead roles. The film premiered on 4 February 2022 on Netflix.

At the 2022 Filmfare OTT Awards, Looop Lapeta received 3 nominations, including Best Web Original Film and Best Supporting Actress in a Web Original Film (Shreya Dhanwanthary), and won Best Actress in a Web Original Film (Pannu).

Sony Pictures Networks
Culver Max Entertainment Pvt. Ltd., trading as Sony Pictures Networks India (SPN or SPNI), is an Indian media conglomerate owned by Sony Pictures Television.

SPN manages and operates 26 television channels, the streaming media platform SonyLIV, as well as the television studio Studio NEXT and film studio Sony Pictures Networks Productions.
Rostojávri
Rostojávri (Northern Sami), Råstojaure (Swedish), or Storrostavatnet (Norwegian) is a lake on the border between Norway and Sweden. The Norwegian part of the lake (smaller) is located in Målselv Municipality in Troms county and the Swedish part of the lake (larger) is located in Kiruna Municipality in Norrbotten County. The Norwegian part of the lake lies inside Øvre Dividal National Park. The lake lies at an elevation of 680 metres (2,230 ft) and covers a total area of 34.24 square kilometres (13.22 sq mi); with 3.67 square kilometres (1.42 sq mi) located in Norway and the remaining 30.57 square kilometres (11.80 sq mi) are located in Sweden.

Troms
Troms (Norwegian: [trʊms] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa; Finnish: Tromssa) is a  county in northern Norway. It borders Finnmark county to the northeast and Nordland county in the southwest. Norrbotten Län in Sweden is located to the south and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). The county had a population of 169,610 in 2024.

The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the Arctic Circle. The Troms County Municipality is the governing body for the county, elected by the people of Troms, while the Troms county governor is a representative of the King and Government of Norway.

From January 2020 to December 2023, Troms was merged with the neighboring Finnmark county to create the new Troms og Finnmark county. This merger was reversed by the government resulting from the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election.
Altar de la Patria
Altar de la Patria, or Altar of the Homeland, is a white marble mausoleum in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic that houses the remains of the founding fathers of the Dominican Republic: Juan Pablo Duarte, Francisco del Rosario Sánchez, and Ramón Matías Mella, collectively known as Los Trinitarios. Within the mausoleum there are statues of the founding fathers, carved by Italian sculptor Nicholas Arrighini; there is as well an eternal flame that is kept lit in memory of the patriots. The Altar is within the Baluatre del Conde and is the main attraction of the Parque Independencia (Independence Park).

Matías Ramón Mella
Matías Ramón Mella Castillo (25 February 1816 – 4 June 1864), commonly known as Ramón Mella, was a Dominican revolutionary, a politician, and a military general. He is recognized as one of 'La Trinitaria', three figures involved in the proclamation of the First Dominican Republic. He contributed to the establishment of the country, now known as the Dominican Republic, and is recognized by the featuring of his name in the Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez, and Mella.

Mella authored a guerrilla warfare handbook which played a key role in training soldiers during the Dominican Restoration War. He remained an active supporter of Dominican independence until he died in 1864, a year before Dominican independence was restored in 1865.
Wentz
Wentz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barney Wentz, American football player

Carson Wentz, American football player

Earl Wentz, American composer and pianist

Eiji Wentz, Japanese singer for the band WaT

Elisabet Wentz-Janacek (1923–2014) Swedish author and composer

Janet Wentz, American politician

Joey Wentz, American baseball player

Lewis Haines Wentz, American oil businessman

Myron W. Wentz, American businessman

Pete Wentz, American musician

Siegfried Wentz, German athlete

Zachary Wentz, American wrestler

Walter Evans-Wentz, American anthropologist

Walter Evans-Wentz
Walter Yeeling Evans-Wentz (February 2, 1878 – July 17, 1965) was an American anthropologist and writer who was a pioneer in the study of Tibetan Buddhism, and in transmission of Tibetan Buddhism to the Western world, most known for publishing an early English translation of The Tibetan Book of the Dead in 1927. He had three other texts translated from the Tibetan: Tibet's Great Yogi Milarepa (1928), Tibetan Yoga and Secret Doctrines (1935), and The Tibetan Book of the Great Liberation (1954), and wrote the preface to Paramahansa Yogananda's famous spiritual book, Autobiography of a Yogi (1946).
Algoa (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Algoa was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1966 to 1994. Named after Algoa Bay, which forms the natural harbour of Port Elizabeth, it covered Port Elizabeth's northwestern suburbs. Despite its name, the constituency was landlocked for most of its existence, with the actual Algoa Bay coastline mostly forming part of the neighbouring seat of Port Elizabeth North. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

1966 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 30 March 1966. The result was another landslide victory for the National Party (NP) under H. F. Verwoerd. The election marked a major strengthening of power for the ruling NP, which gained a supermajority in parliament for the first time. The main opposition United Party (UP) slightly increased its share of the popular vote, but nevertheless saw its parliamentary representation considerably reduced.

The number of House of Assembly seats for White voters in South Africa had been increased from 150 to 160 by the Constitution Amendment Act of 1965. In addition, there were six seats for White voters from South-West Africa (now Namibia). There were also four seats reserved for Coloured representatives, who did not have to stand for re-election during 1966. On 6 September, several months after the elections, Prime Minister Verwoerd was assassinated.
1978–79 Israel State Cup
The 1978–79 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 40th season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 25th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.

The competition was won by Beitar Jerusalem who have beaten Maccabi Tel Aviv 2–1 at the final.

Israel State Cup
The Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina), is a knockout cup competition in Israeli football, run by the Israel Football Association (IFA).

The State Cup was first held in 1928 as the People's Cup. Because it involves clubs of all standards playing against each other, there is the possibility for "minnows" from the lower divisions to become "giant-killers" by eliminating top clubs from the tournament, although lower division teams rarely reach the final.

The last below the top-flight club to make the final was Maccabi Netanya in 2014, they have since been promoted to the Israeli Premier League.

Hapoel Be'er Sheva are the current Israel State Cup holders, having beaten Beitar Jerusalem 2–0 in the final for their fourth title.

Maccabi Tel Aviv have 24 titles, holding the record for most titles won. Hapoel Tel Aviv in 1937–1939 and 2010–2012 are the only club to have retained the State Cup for three consecutive seasons.
Edward Onslow Ford
Edward Onslow Ford RA (27 July 1852 – 23 December 1901) was an English sculptor. Much of Ford's early success came with portrait heads or busts. These were considered extremely refined, showing his subjects at their best and led to him receiving a number of commissions for public monuments and statues, both in Britain and overseas. Ford also produced a number of bronze statuettes of free-standing figures loosely drawn from mythology or of allegorical subjects. These 'ideal' figures became characteristic of the New Sculpture movement that developed in Britain from about 1880 and of which Ford was a leading exponent.

Lal Bagh
Lalbagh Botanical Garden or simply Lalbagh (lit. 'red garden'), is a botanical garden in Bengaluru, India. It was originally built by Hyder Ali in 1760, during the Sultanate of Mysore . The garden was later managed under numerous British superintendents before Indian Independence. It was responsible for the introduction and propagation of numerous ornamental plants as well as those of economic value. It also served a social function as a park and recreational space, with a central glass house dating from 1890 which was used for flower shows. In modern times, it hosts two flower shows coinciding with the week of Republic Day (26 January) and Independence Day (15 August). As an urban green space along with Cubbon Park, it is also home to numerous wild species of birds and other wildlife. The garden also has a lake adjoining a large rock on which a watchtower had been constructed during the reign of Kempegowda II.
Cartan's criterion
In mathematics, Cartan's criterion gives conditions for a Lie algebra in characteristic 0 to be  solvable, which implies a related criterion for the Lie algebra to be semisimple. It is based on the notion of the Killing form, a symmetric bilinear form on  defined by the formula

where tr denotes the trace of a linear operator. The criterion was introduced by Élie Cartan (1894).

Semisimple Lie algebra
In mathematics, a Lie algebra is semisimple if it is a direct sum of simple Lie algebras. (A simple Lie algebra is a non-abelian Lie algebra without any non-zero proper ideals.)

Throughout the article, unless otherwise stated, a Lie algebra is a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field of characteristic 0. For such a Lie algebra , if nonzero, the following conditions are equivalent:

is semisimple;

the Killing form  is non-degenerate;

has no non-zero abelian ideals;

has no non-zero solvable ideals;

the radical (maximal solvable ideal) of  is zero.
Rubieae
Rubieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains 970 species in 15 genera. The genus Galium is responsible for more than two thirds of the species in the tribe. The second largest genus is Asperula, which contains about 200 species. Unlike the rest of the family Rubiaceae, the tribe contains predominantly perennial and annual herbs with pseudowhorls of leaves and leaflike stipules and is centered in temperate and tropical-mountain regions.

Asperula
Asperula, commonly known as woodruff, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 91 species and has a wide distribution area from Europe, northern Africa, temperate and subtropical Asia to Australasia.
Raipur Town Assembly constituency
Raipur Town (sometimes called Raipur Nagar) was one of the 320 constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh and later 90 constitutencies of the Chhattisgarh state in India. The seat was formed in 1976 after the dissolution of Raipur Vidhan Sabha Constituency. It was a part of Raipur district. After 2008 Delimitation of State Assembly constituencies, Raipur Town was bifurcated into three constituencies, Raipur City North, Raipur City South and Raipur City West.

Delimitation Commission of India
The Delimitation Commission of India is a commission established by the Government of India under the provisions of the Delimitation Commission Act, tasked with redrawing the boundaries of legislative assembly and Lok Sabha constituencies based on the last census. The present delimitation of constituencies is based on the 2001 census under the provisions of the Delimitation Act, 2002.

The Commission is an independent body whose orders cannot be challenged in any court of law. The orders are laid before the Lok Sabha and the respective State Legislative Assemblies. However, modifications are not permitted. The next delimitation can not be held before 2026.
Barbara Erskine
Barbara Erskine (born 10 August 1944) is an English novelist. She was born in Nottingham in 1944. Her father was World War II Battle of Britain flying ace Squadron Leader Nigel Rose.

Erskine has a degree in medieval Scottish history from University of Edinburgh and divides her time between Hay-on-Wye and North Essex.

Erskine is the author of a number of bestselling novels and collections of short stories dealing with both history and the supernatural. Lady of Hay, her first novel, has sold over three million copies worldwide since its first publication in 1986.

Hay-on-Wye
Hay-on-Wye, or simply Hay (Welsh: Y Gelli Gandryll; Welsh pronunciation: [ə ˈɡɛɬi ˈgandrɪɬ] or simply Y Gelli), is a market town and community in Powys, Wales. With over twenty bookshops, it is often described as a "town of books"; it is both the National Book Town of Wales and the site of the annual Hay Festival. The community had a population of 1,675 at the 2021 census.

The town is twinned with Redu, a village in the Belgian municipality of Libin, and with Timbuktu, Mali, West Africa.

Hay-on-Wye is often named as one of the best places to live in Wales and has been named as one of the UK's best Christmas destinations.
University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt
The University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt (German: Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt, FHWN for short) is an Austrian Fachhochschule founded in 1994.  It has eight areas of specialization. The main campus is in Wiener Neustadt and two smaller campuses are located in Wieselburg and Tulln (both in Lower Austria).

Austria's first and largest Fachhochschule for business and engineering, the University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, also called FHWN.

Tulln an der Donau
Tulln an der Donau (lit. 'Tulln on the Danube') is a historic town in the Austrian state of Lower Austria, the administrative seat of Tulln District. Because of its abundance of parks and gardens, Tulln is often referred to as Blumenstadt ("City of Flowers"), and "The City of Togetherness" following the initiative of Peter Eisenschenk, Mayor of Tulln.
Purple Heart Monument
The Purple Heart Monument is installed at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, Texas. Commemorating Texans who were wounded during active duty, the monument was dedicated by Lieutenant Governor David Dewhurst on September 20, 2003. It was donated to the people of Texas by the Military Order of the Purple Heart.

David Dewhurst
David Henry Dewhurst (born August 18, 1945) is an American politician, businessman, and attorney who served as the 41st lieutenant governor of Texas from 2003 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he was the Texas Land Commissioner from 1999 to 2003. He was a candidate in 2012 for the U.S. Senate seat vacated by the retiring Republican Kay Bailey Hutchison, but he lost his party's runoff election to former Solicitor General Ted Cruz, who went on to win the general election.

Dewhurst's third term as lieutenant governor ended on January 20, 2015. He served as an advisory board member at the United States Secretary of Energy led by former Governor Rick Perry who was appointed by President Donald Trump in 2017.
Golston
Golston is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allan Golston (fl. 1993), American accountant and businessman

Chauncey Golston (born 1998), American football player

Kedric Golston (born 1983), American football player

Chauncey Golston
Chauncey Golston (born February 10, 1998) is an American professional football defensive end for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round of the 2021 NFL draft. He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes.
Stigmella wollofella
Stigmella wollofella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Gustafsson in 1972 and is endemic to Gambia where it was discovered in the Gambia River, which flows between Basse Santa Su and Banjul.

The larvae feed on Ziziphus mauritiana.

Basse Santa Su
Basse Santa Su, usually known as Basse, is a town in the Gambia, lying on the south bank of the River Gambia. The easternmost major town in the nation, it is known for its important market. Basse is the capital of the Upper River Division, which is coterminous with the Basse Local Government Area. As of 2009, the town has an estimated population of 18,414. According to the 2013 census, the Basse LGA has 243,791 residents.

Famous people include Adama Barrow, the president of Gambia.
Irvington Road station
Irvington Road station is a SEPTA Metro D stop in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania. It is officially located near Irvington and Hillcrest Roads, but in reality it is nearly halfway between Hillcrest and Garrett Roads on Irvington Road. It serves both the D1 and D2, and only local service is provided on both lines. Irvington Road is the next to last stop where the D1 and D2 share the same right of way.

Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Transit Center in Upper Darby and either Orange Street in Media for the D1, or Sharon Hill for the D2 line. The station provides platforms with a bench, but no shelters, unlike the nearby Drexel Hill Junction station. Because the stop is in a residential area, there is no parking available.

SEPTA Metro
SEPTA Metro is an urban rail transit network in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA). The network includes two rapid transit lines, a light rail system with five branches, a streetcar line, a light rail line with two services, and an interurban/light metro line, totaling 78 miles (126 km) of rail service.

Although some of Philadelphia's transit lines date to the 19th century and the SEPTA agency began operations in 1965, the transit network itself had no formal name until 2024, when it was named "SEPTA Metro" as part of an effort to make the system easier to navigate. The effort replaced each line's name with a single letter, plus a number to denote various service patterns.
2024 ITS Cup – Doubles
Magdaléna Smékalová and Tereza Valentová were the defending champions but Valentová chose not to participate. Smékalová partnered alongside Julie Paštiková, but lost in the first round to Denisa Hindová and Jang Su-jeong.

Amina Anshba and Valentini Grammatikopoulou won the title, defeating Jessie Aney and Lena Papadakis in the final, 6–2, 6–4.

Jang Su-jeong
Jang Su-jeong (Korean: 장수정; Hanja: 張修貞; born 13 March 1995) is a South Korean professional tennis player. 
On 11 July 2022, she achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 114. On 22 May 2023, she peaked at No. 82 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Jang has won one singles and one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour. She has also won 12 tournaments in singles and 17 in doubles on the ITF Circuit.

Playing for South Korea in the Billie Jean King Cup, Jang has a win-loss record of 18–11 as of February 2025.
Li Ji Unrest
The Li Ji Unrest or Rebellion (657–651 BCE) was a series of events that took place in the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China, caused by Li Ji, the concubine of Duke Xian of Jin, in order to put her son Xiqi onto the throne of Jin.

Liang (state)
Liang (Chinese: 梁; pinyin: Liáng) was one of the states during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China, bordering the State of Qin, which collapsed due to internal strife and was later annexed by Duke Mu of Qin in 641 BCE. The rulers of Liang had the surname Ying (嬴). The capital of Liang was located south of modern City of Hancheng in Shaanxi.

In 703 BC, the rulers of the five states of Western Guo, Rui, Xun (荀國) and Jia (賈國), including the State of Liang, suppressed Duke Wu of Quwo using armed force.

In 654 BC, Prince Yiwu from the State of Jin escaped to Liang. The ruler of Liang (梁伯) betrothed his daughter Liang Ying (梁嬴) to Prince Yiwu.

In 642 BC, the ruler of Liang wanted to build a new capital but it was seized by the State of Qin after it was completed.

In 641 BC, Liang was conquered by the State of Qin. According to the Zuo Zhuan, the Liang people were not able to bear the work given to them by the ruler of Liang so that the State of Qin easily conquered Liang.
Soltanabad, Qazvin
Soltanabad (Persian: سلطان اباد, also Romanized as Solţānābād and Sultanabad) is a village in Ilat-e Qaqazan-e Sharqi Rural District, Kuhin District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 195, in 46 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.