hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amherst (surname)
Amherst is a surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

Baron Amherst (disambiguation), in particular:
Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (1717–1797), British army officer
William Amherst (British Army officer) (1732–1781), younger brother of the above

Baron Amherst of Hackney, created 1892 for:
William Tyssen-Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst of Hackney
Alicia Amherst (1865–1941), gardening historian and daughter of the above

Earl Amherst:
William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst, Governor-General of India from August 1823 to February 1828
William Amherst, 2nd Earl Amherst
Josceline Amherst, Australian politician and fifth son of the 2nd earl
William Amherst, 3rd Earl Amherst
Hugh Amherst, 4th Earl Amherst
Jeffery Amherst, 5th Earl Amherst

Elizabeth Amherst Hale (1774–1826), Canadian artist born Elizabeth Frances Amherst

Hugh Amherst, 4th Earl Amherst
Hugh Amherst, 4th Earl Amherst (30 January 1856 – 7 March 1927) was a British peer, who succeeded to the earldom and its associated titles upon the death of his brother William in 1910. Amherst joined the Coldstream Guards in 1875, served in the Nile campaigns from 1884–1885 and became a captain in 1887. In 1896 he married Eleanor Clementina St. Aubyn. He lived at Montreal Park near Sevenoaks in Kent.

In 1911 he was one of the 114 peers who voted against the passing of the Parliament Act 1911.

His son, Jeffrey John Archer Holmesdale, was a dramatic critic of the Evening World in New York City.  He assumed the title of Viscount Holmesdale upon his father's death.
Landjäger
Landjäger is a semidried sausage traditionally made in Southern Germany, Austria, South Tyrol, Switzerland, and Alsace. It is popular as a snack food during activities such as hiking. It also has a history as soldier's food because it keeps without refrigeration and comes in single-meal portions. As a meal, landjäger sausage can be boiled and served with potatoes and fresh greens.

Southern Germany
Southern Germany (German: Süddeutschland, [ˈzyːtˌdɔʏtʃlant] ⓘ) is a region of Germany that includes the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, which includes the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia in present-day Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, and the southern portion of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate that were part of the Duchy of Franconia. These regions are a genetic mix of Gallo-Roman and later Germanic peoples such as the Suebi,  Franks, and Alemanni.

German-speaking Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Alsace, and South Tyrol are also historically, culturally, and linguistically associated with the region.
Cemilli, Mersin
Cemilli is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mezitli, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 242 (2022). It is situated on the road connecting Mersin to Fındıkpınarı and to the south of the Taurus Mountains. Its distance to Mersin is 22 kilometres (14 mi). As of January 2017, the village did not have a hospital or school.

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
James Tetley
James George Tetley (6 July 1843 – 10 March 1924) was an Anglican priest and author

Tetley was born in Torquay, educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, and ordained in 1868. After curacies in Caldicot, Badminton and Henley-on-Thames he was Vicar of Highnam from 1876 to 1892. He was Proctor in Convocation for the Chapter of Bristol and a Canon Residentiary at its cathedral from then until 1910 when he became Archdeacon of Bristol, a post he held until 1921.

Caldicot
Caldicot (Welsh: Cil-y-coed) is a market town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales. The town is located between Chepstow and the city of Newport. The site adjoins the Caldicot Levels, on the north side of the Severn Estuary. The population of the built-up area was around 11,000. It has a large school, Caldicot School, and is known for its medieval castle. The built-up area includes Portskewett. Caldicot had a population of 9,604 in 2011.
Gonocerus acuteangulatus
Gonocerus acuteangulatus is a herbivorous species of true bug in the family Coreidae. It is commonly known as the box bug in the UK as it once only occurred in Box Hill in Surrey where it fed on box trees.

Coreidae
Coreidae is a large family of predominantly sap-sucking insects in the Hemipteran suborder Heteroptera.  The name "Coreidae" derives from the genus Coreus, which derives from the Ancient Greek κόρις (kóris) meaning bug.

As a family, the Coreidae are cosmopolitan, but most of the species are tropical or subtropical.
Belgrade Dance Institute
The Belgrade Dance Institute (Институт за уметничку игру) is a private, accredited university-level institution located in Belgrade, Serbia. Founded in 2014, it is the first and only higher dance education institution in Serbia and the wider region dedicated exclusively to the field of dance, offering accredited programs at the bachelor's, master's, and doctoral levels.

The Institute was established to provide professional, university-level education in various fields of dance, including classical ballet, contemporary dance, choreography, and dance pedagogy, areas that were previously not available in the Serbian higher education system.

National Theatre in Belgrade
The National Theatre (Serbian Cyrillic: Народно позориште, romanized: Narodno pozorište) is a theatre located in Belgrade, Serbia.

Founded in the latter half of the 19th century, it is located on the Republic Square, at the corner of Vasina and Francuska Street. With the raising of this building as well as with the implementation of the Regulations Plan of Town in Trench by Josimović from 1867, the conditions were made for the formation of today's main Republic Square in Belgrade. Built back in 1868, the National Theatre, following the fate of its own people and the country, went through different phases of the architectural and artistic development, surviving as a symbol of Serbian culture, tradition and spirituality. Today, under its roof, there are three artistic ensembles: opera, ballet, and drama. Svetislav Goncić is the general manager.

The National Theatre was declared a Monument of Culture of Great Importance in 1983, and it is protected by the Republic of Serbia.
Elisa Rush Port
Elisa Rush Port FACS is Associate Professor of Surgery at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, as well as cofounder and director of the Dubin Breast Center at the Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai Health System, since 2010. She has received four research grants, has served as an investigator or co-investigator on 15 clinical trials, published 44 peer-reviewed articles, and published a total of 12 book chapters and books. She has specialized in sentinel-node biopsy, a diagnostic method that determines cancer stages based on spread to regional lymph nodes, nipple sparing mastectomy, and the use of MRI for breast cancer.

Breast Cancer Alliance
The Breast Cancer Alliance (BCA) is a non-profit organization that supports breast cancer research, breast cancer-related training for medical professionals and efforts to increase access to cancer screenings and treatment for low-income women. As of 2011, it was the fourth-largest private funder of breast cancer research in the U.S. It was founded in 1996 by Mary Waterman, and its headquarters are in Greenwich, Connecticut.

The mission of the BCA is to fund innovative breast cancer research and to promote breast health through education and outreach. As of 2015, the organization had awarded over $20 million to fund research and educational and outreach programs since its inception.

The corporate sponsors of the BCA include many Fortune 500 companies, including J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. and PepsiCo.

The annual luncheon for the BCA attracts over 800 people, including many celebrities, and raises close to $2 million.
3-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
3-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA is a molecule formed by condensing the thiol group of coenzyme A (CoA) with the carboxylic acid group of 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. Stable in acidic conditions, it is a tetraprotic acid due to the pyrophosphate and phosphate groups included. It derives from a benzoyl-CoA and a 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. In organisms such as plants, this can be formed using the 3-hydroxybenzoate—CoA ligase enzyme. This uses ATP, 3-hydroxybenzoate, and CoA as substrates.

It can be reduced to 3-hydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA by reduced ferredoxin and adenosine triphosphate using the benzoyl-CoA reductase enzyme. in this two hydrogen atoms are added to the benzene ring in a dearomatizing process.

Benzoyl-CoA reductase
In enzymology, a benzoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.7.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

benzoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor + 2 ATP + 2 H2O  cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + acceptor + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are benzoyl-CoA, reduced acceptor, ATP, and H2O, whereas its 4 products are cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA, acceptor, ADP, and phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with other acceptors.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase (aromatizing, ATP-forming). This enzyme is also called benzoyl-CoA reductase (dearomatizing).  This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via CoA ligation.  It has two cofactors: manganese,  and magnesium.
Livia Bloom
Livia Bloom Ingram (née Livia Bloom) curates cinema retrospectives. Her writing and interviews regularly appear in the film journals Cinema Scope; Filmmaker, and Film Comment. She is the editor of the book Errol Morris: Interviews. Bloom currently serves as the Vice President for Icarus Films.

Ingram has curated film programs for the Museum of the Moving Image; The Maysles Cinema in Harlem,  The French Embassy's Tournées Festival; The Nantucket Film Festival; the MPAA Student Academy Awards; and The Film Society of Lincoln Center, among other organizations.

Museum of the Moving Image
The Museum of the Moving Image is a media museum located in a former building of the historic Astoria Studios (now Kaufman Astoria Studios), in the Astoria neighborhood of Queens in New York City. The museum originally opened in 1988 as the American Museum of the Moving Image, and in 1996, opened its permanent exhibition, "Behind the Screen", designed by Ali Höcek of AC Höcek Architecture LLC. The museum began a $67 million expansion in March 2008 and reopened in January 2011. The expansion was designed by architect Thomas Leeser.
2025 mid-year rugby union tests
The 2025 mid-year rugby union internationals (also known as the Summer Internationals in the Northern Hemisphere) were international rugby union matches that were played (mostly) in the Southern Hemisphere during the July rugby international window. The international window saw the return of many prominent tours replayed again from four years prior such as the Argentina–England test series and the British & Irish Lions tour of Australia.

The 2025 mid-year rugby union tests were notable for being the last mid-year break before the introduction of the Nations Championship competition.

Sione Tuipulotu (rugby union, born February 1997)
Sione Tuipulotu (born 12 February 1997) is an Australian-born Scottish professional rugby union player who plays as a centre for United Rugby Championship club Glasgow Warriors. Born and raised in Australia, he is the current captain of the Scotland national rugby union team after qualifying on ancestry grounds. He was raised by a Tongan father and an Australian mother of Italian and Scottish descent. He grew up in Frankston and first played rugby at Southern Districts Rugby Club in Seaford. He attended local public school Elisabeth Murdoch College before moving to private school St Kevin’s College on a scholarship.
Motiș fortified church
Motiș fortified church (Romanian: Biserica fortificată din Motiș; German: Kirchenburg von Mortesdorf) is a historic Lutheran church in the village of Motiș (also known as Motișdorf, Motișul, Märtesdorf, Mertesdorf, Martonelke) in Valea Viilor Commune, Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania that was historically home to a large Transylvanian Saxon (German) population.

Mortesdorf's church castle is a historic, listed-building, which is a late Gothic hall church first mentioned in the records in 1497 just prior to the Protestant Reformation when it became a Lutheran church. The building received a large renovation in 1718 and contains a baroque altar, built in 1791 showing Jesus with John the Apostle and Mary, mother of Jesus and pairs of columns featuring the apostles, Paul the Apostle with the sword of faith, and Saint Peter (with a broken hand), and a top picture represents the Resurrection of Jesus with the Eye of God above it.

Sibiu County
Sibiu County (Romanian pronunciation: [siˈbiw]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat (Romanian: reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt).
Sulcus of auditory tube
The lateral half of the great wing of the sphenoid bone articulates, by means of a synchondrosis, with the petrous part of the temporal bone. Between these two bones on the under surface of the skull, is a furrow, the 'sulcus of auditory tubule, for the lodgement of the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube.

Sphenoid bone
The sphenoid bone is an unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly, bat or wasp with its wings extended. The name presumably originates from this shape, since sphekodes (σφηκώδης) means 'wasp-like' in Ancient Greek.
Shaker Mountain Wild Forest
The Shaker Mountain Wild Forest, an Adirondack Park unit of the Forest Preserve, is located in the towns of Northampton, Mayfield, Bleecker, and Caroga in Fulton County and the Town of Benson in Hamilton County. The southern terminus of the Northville-Placid Trail (NPT) is located at the trailhead in Waterfront Park in the Village of Northville.

Fulton County, New York
Fulton County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. It forms part of the state's Mohawk Valley region. Its county seat is Johnstown. At the 2020 U.S. census, the county had a population of 53,324. The county is named in honor of Robert Fulton, who is widely credited with developing the first commercially successful steamboat. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.
Emund the Old
Emund the Old (Old Norse: Eymundr gamli; Old Swedish: Æmunðær gamlæ, Æmunðær gammal, Æmunðær slemæ; Swedish: Emund den gamle; died c. 1060) was King of Sweden from c. 1050 to c. 1060. His short reign was characterised by disputes with the Archbishopric of Bremen over church policies, and a historically debated delimitation of the Swedish-Danish border.

Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
The Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (German: Fürsterzbistum Bremen) was an ecclesiastical principality (787–1566/1648) of the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic Church that after its definitive secularization in 1648 became the hereditary Duchy of Bremen (German: Herzogtum Bremen). The prince-archbishopric, which was under the secular rule of the archbishop, consisted of about a third of the diocesan territory. The city of Bremen was de facto (since 1186) and de jure (since 1646) not part of the prince-archbishopric. Most of the prince-archbishopric lay rather in the area to the north of the city of Bremen, between the Weser and Elbe rivers. Even more confusingly, parts of the prince-archbishopric belonged in religious respect to the neighbouring Diocese of Verden, making up 10% of its diocesan territory.
Geography of the United States
The term "United States," when used in the geographic sense, refers to the contiguous United States (sometimes referred to as the Lower 48, including the District of Columbia not as a state), Alaska, Hawaii, the five insular territories of Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and minor outlying possessions. The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and maritime borders with Russia, Cuba, the Bahamas, and many other countries, mainly in the Caribbean, in addition to Canada and Mexico. The northern border of the United States with Canada is the world's longest bi-national land border.

The state of Hawaii is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. U.S. territories are located in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean.

Columbia Plateau
The Columbia Plateau is an important geologic and geographic region that lies across parts of the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. It is a wide flood basalt plateau between the Cascade Range and the Rocky Mountains, cut through by the Columbia River.
Queen Square (Dartmouth, Nova Scotia)
Queen Square is an office building in  downtown Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, part of the Halifax Regional Municipality. At 18 floors (there is no 13th floor), Queen Square is the tallest building in the downtown Dartmouth area, and is located on Alderney Drive across from Alderney Gate. The building was constructed in 1975.

The Government of Canada is the largest tenant in the building, occupying 11 of 18 floors, with Environment Canada (including the Atlantic division of the Meteorological Service of Canada and the Canadian Hurricane Centre) being the largest, occupying 8 floors. Presently, the 19th floor, which was the former home of Patterson Broadcasters CFDR and CFRQ (Q104) radio and later the Meteorological Service of Canada, is occupied by M5 Marketing Communications; the MSC moved to the 3rd floor after safety concerns arose following Hurricane Juan of 2003.

Canadian Hurricane Centre
The Canadian Hurricane Centre (CHC; French: Centre canadien de prévision des ouragans) is an organisation that monitors and warns of the threat of tropical cyclones such as hurricanes and tropical storms. CHC is a division of the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC), which is in turn a branch of Environment and Climate Change Canada. Founded in 1987, CHC provides guidance to MSC's weather centres in eastern and Atlantic Canada, and is based in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.  CHC frequently consults with its United States counterpart, the National Hurricane Center in Miami, to coordinate the tracks and positions of storms that pose a threat to Canada.
Meld Stakes
The Meld Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of 1 mile and 1 furlong (1,811 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.

The event was formerly contested over 1 mile and 4 furlongs, and it used to be held at the Curragh in late August or early September. It was previously known as the Brownstown Stakes, and for a period it was restricted to fillies and mares. It was renamed in honour of the successful filly Meld in the 1980s.

The race was reopened to male horses and cut to 1 mile and 2 furlongs in 1993. It was switched to July in 1994. It was transferred to Leopardstown in 2003, and it was shortened to 1 mile and 1 furlong in 2010. The 2014 race was run at the Curragh over 1 mile 2 furlongs. The name Brownstown Stakes is now given to a race at Fairyhouse Racecourse.

Curragh Racecourse
The Curragh Racecourse is a flat racecourse in County Kildare, Ireland. The racecourse is home to Ireland’s five most important flat races, known as the Classics. Racing takes place 23 days each year from the end of March until late October. Guided tours of the venue are available outside of race days.
Clun and Bishop's Castle Rural District
52°28′12″N 2°56′35″W﻿ / ﻿52.470°N 2.943°W﻿ / 52.470; -2.943

Clun and Bishop's Castle was a rural district in Shropshire, England from 1894 to 1974.

It was created by the Local Government Act 1894 as the Clun Rural District, based on the Clun rural sanitary district.  It was enlarged in 1934 under a County Review Order by taking in the disbanded Chirbury Rural District and Teme Rural District.

1967 saw the district renamed 'Clun and Bishop's Castle', when it absorbed the municipal borough of Bishop's Castle. Bishop's Castle became a rural borough within the rural district.

The district was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and was merged to form part of the South Shropshire district.

Sanitary district
Sanitary districts were established in England and Wales in 1872 and in Ireland in 1878.  The districts were of two types, based on existing structures:

Urban sanitary districts in towns with existing local government bodies

Rural sanitary districts in the remaining rural areas of poor law unions.

Each district was governed by a local board of health, which was responsible for various public health matters such as providing clean drinking water, sewers, street cleaning, and clearing slum housing.

In England and Wales both rural and urban sanitary districts were replaced under by the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) by the more general rural districts and urban districts.  A similar reform was carried out in Ireland in 1899 under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.
2010 Safata by-election
A by-election was held in the Safata constituency in Samoa on 14 May 2010. The by-election was precipitated by the disqualification from the Legislative Assembly of Palusalue Fa’apo II for joining the Tautua Samoa Party.  The election was won by Fa’apo.

Human Rights Protection Party
The Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP, Samoan: Vaega Faʻaupufai e Puipuia Aia Tatau a Tagata) is a Samoan political party. It was founded in 1979 and dominated Samoan party politics for decades thereafter, leading every government until their defeat in 2021. Former Prime Minister Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi has led the party since 1998.
Patrick Finney
Patrick Finney is a historian specializing in international history, collective memory, and historiography. He is currently a Reader in International Politics at Aberystwyth University and Co-Editor of the journal Rethinking History: The Journal of Theory and Practice. His research explores the intersections between history, national identity, and memory, particularly in relation to the Second World War.

Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth University (Welsh: Prifysgol Aberystwyth) is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales. Aberystwyth was a founding member institution of the former federal University of Wales. The university has over 8,000 students studying across three academic faculties and 17 departments.

Founded in 1872 as University College Wales, Aberystwyth, it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894, and changed its name to the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. In the mid-1990s, the university again changed its name to become the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. On 1 September 2007, the University of Wales ceased to be a federal university and Aberystwyth University became independent again. The annual income of the institution for 2024–2025 was £124.8 million of which £19.2 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £130.3 million.