hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stockacher Aach
Stockacher Aach is a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is a tributary to Lake Constance, which is drained by the Rhine. It passes through Stockach and flows into Lake Constance near Bodman-Ludwigshafen.

Bodman-Ludwigshafen
Bodman-Ludwigshafen is a municipality in the district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg in Germany, located on the most western shore of Lake Überlingen, the north-western part of the Upper Lake of Lake Constance (German: Bodensee). The municipality consist of the two separate villages Bodman and Ludwigshafen on each side of Lake Überlingen. In 1975, the former municipalities Ludwigshafen am Bodensee and Bodman united to the current administrative situation. The German term for Lake Constance, Bodensee, derives from Bodman.

The Agnus Dei sect is based at the old Frauenberg Monastery (Burg Frauenberg) near Bodman-Ludwigshafen.
Lisa Ramjit
Lisa Ramjit (born 1 October 2004) is an American cricketer. She made her Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) debut for the United States women's cricket team on 17 May 2019, against Canada, in the 2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Americas tournament.

In August 2019, she was named in United States' squad for the 2019 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament in Scotland. She played in the United States' opening match of the tournament, on 31 August 2019, against Scotland.

In February 2021, she was named in the Women's National Training Group by the USA Cricket Women's National Selectors ahead of the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier and the 2021 ICC Women's T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier tournaments. In October 2021, she was named in the American team for the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament in Zimbabwe.

United States women's national cricket team
The United States women's cricket team represents the United States in international women's cricket matches. Although the United States has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1965, the team made its international debut in 2009. The United States is one of the leading associate teams in the ICC Americas region and has participated in two editions of the Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier and two editions of the ICC Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier, although it is yet to qualify for any World Cups.
Piet Lemstra
P.J. (Piet) Lemstra (born 26 October 1946, Godlinze (Groningen)), nicknamed Plem, is a Dutch professor of chemistry.

Prof. Lemstra received his PhD from the University of Groningen in 1975. He then post-doctoral fellow at the University of Bristol (UK) under Professor Andrew Keller FRS. In 1985 Professor Lemstra became professor of Polymer Technology at the Eindhoven University of Technology . From 1990 to 1995 he was the first Dean of the Faculty of Chemical Technology. From 1994 to 1997 had been director of the graduate school (PTN) and in 1997 he founded together with Professor Leen Struik the Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), where he worked until 2004 as scientific director. In 2004 he founded the Polymer Technology Group Eindhoven BV with Laurent Nelissen, in favor of cooperation with SMEs. In February 2008, Lemstra (until March 2011) Dean again.

Piet Lemstra is the younger brother of former politician Wolter Lemstra.

Andrew Keller
Andras (Andrew) Keller FRS (22 August 1925 – 7 February 1999) was a naturalized British polymer scientist.  He was  Research Professor in Polymer Science, Department of Physics, University of Bristol, 1969–91, then professor emeritus.
Vladimír Leitner
Vladimir Leitner (born 28 June 1974) is a  retired Slovak football defender who last played for the Slovak Corgoň Liga club MŠK Žilina. Leitner played 25 international games for Slovakia and scored one goal.

Slovak Super Cup
The Slovak Super Cup (Slovenský Superpohár in Slovak), in the past named as Matičný pohár or Pribinov pohár, was a match between the champion of the Slovak First Football League and winner of the Slovak Cup. The match was played annually besides years when a club clinched the double.

The first match in 1993 was played between Slovan Bratislava and the Slovakia national football team. The 2014 edition of the cup, which ended up being the last, was attended by just 550 people. The Slovak Supercup was discontinued in 2016 and replaced by the Czech-Slovak Supercup from 2017 onward.
Kashiyatra
Kashiyatra, also known as KY, is the annual socio-cultural festival of Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi. It is a four-day long mega event held in January every year, and is one of the most prominent college festivals in India. Kashiyatra is one of the largest socio-culture festivals in Asia where 360+ colleges/universities take part.

Kashiyatra witnesses a large number of participants across the country with having a footfall of 90,000+ participation footfall and organises 60+ events with many Celebrities performances. It provides a definite platform for the participants to showcase youths' talents as well as skills. The festival offers an unprecedented opportunity to meet and interact face to face with a large number of potential and targeted competitors across all the events.

Lucky Ali
Maqsood Mahmood Ali (born 19 September 1958), better known as Lucky Ali, is an Indian singer, songwriter, and actor. With several popular singles and albums, he emerged as a significant figure of Indipop during the 1990s.
July 1999 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Wednesday, July 28, 1999, with an umbral magnitude of 0.3966. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 5.2 days after apogee (on July 23, 1999, at 6:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

Earth's shadow
Earth's shadow (or Earth shadow) is the shadow that Earth itself casts through its atmosphere and into outer space, toward the antisolar point. During the twilight period (both early dusk and late dawn), the shadow's visible fringe —sometimes called the dark segment or twilight wedge—appears as a dark and diffuse band just above the horizon, most distinct when the sky is clear.

Since the angular diameters of the Sun and the Moon as viewed from Earth's surface are almost the same, the ratio of the length of Earth's shadow to the distance between Earth and the Moon will be almost equal to the ratio of the diameters of Earth and the Moon.

Since Earth's diameter is 3.7 times the Moon's, the length of the planet's umbra is correspondingly 3.7 times the average distance from the Moon to Earth: about 1.4 million km (870,000 mi). The diameter of Earth's shadow at lunar distance is about 9,000 km (5,600 mi), or 2.6 lunar diameters, which allows observation of total lunar eclipses from Earth.
Cladosporium oxysporum
Cladosporium oxysporum is an airborne fungus that is commonly found outdoors and is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical region, it is mostly located In Asia and Africa. It spreads through airborne spores and is often extremely abundant in outdoor air during the spring and summer seasons. It mainly feeds on decomposing organic matter in warmer climates, but can also be parasitic and feed on living plants. The airborne spores can occasionally cause cutaneous infections in humans, and the high prevalence of C. oxysporum in outdoor air during warm seasons contributes to its importance as an etiological agent of allergic disease and possibly human cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in tropical regions.

Natamycin
Natamycin, also known as pimaricin, is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections around the eye. This includes infections of the eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea. It is used as eyedrops. Natamycin is also used in the food industry as a preservative.

Allergic reactions may occur. It is unclear if medical use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. It is in the macrolide and polyene families of medications. It results in fungal death by altering the cell membrane.

Natamycin was discovered in 1955 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1978. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.  It is produced by fermentation of certain types of the bacterium Streptomyces.
Thomas Raleigh
Sir Thomas Raleigh, KCSI, KC (2 December 1850 – 8 February 1920) was a British lawyer and academic. A fellow of All Souls College, Oxford since 1876, he was Reader in English Law at the University of Oxford from 1884 to 1896, Registrar of the Privy Council from 1896 to 1899, and Legal Member of Viceroy’s Executive Council in India from 1899 to 1904. He was Member of the Council of India from 1909 to 1913.

He was appointed an English King's Counsel in 1908.

In India, he was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta and chaired the Indian Universities Commission of 1902.

All Souls College, Oxford
All Souls College (official name: The College of All Souls of the Faithful Departed, of Oxford) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Unique to All Souls, all of its members automatically become fellows (i.e., full members of the college's governing body). It has no student members, but each year, recent graduates are eligible to apply for a small number of examination fellowships through a competitive examination (once described as "the hardest exam in the world") and, for those shortlisted after the examinations, an interview.

The college entrance is on the north side of High Street, whilst it has a long frontage onto Radcliffe Square. To its east is The Queen's College, whilst Hertford College is to the north of All Souls.

The current warden (head of the college) is Sir John Vickers, a graduate of Oriel College, Oxford.
Calvary Episcopal Church and Churchyard (Tarboro, North Carolina)
Calvary Episcopal Church and Churchyard is a historic Episcopal church located at 411 E. Church Street in Tarboro, Edgecombe County, North Carolina. The church was built between 1860 and 1867, and is a one-story, rectangular Gothic Revival style building.  Attached to the church is a Parish House built in 1922, and designed by architect Hobart Upjohn.  Located adjacent to the church is an arboretum dating to 1842, that includes number of gravestones.  Notable burials include Gen. William Dorsey Pender (1834–1863) and author William L. Saunders (1835–1891).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It is located in the Tarboro Historic District.

Hobart Upjohn
Hobart Brown Upjohn (1876–1949) was an American architect, best known for designing a number of ecclesiastical and educational structures in New York and in North Carolina. He also designed a number of significant private homes.  His firm produced a total of about 150 projects, a third of which were in North Carolina.
Michael E. Thomas
Michael Edward Thomas (May 10, 1937 - November 23, 2018) was a university administrator and professor of industrial engineering, and was the acting president of the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1994. Thomas was instrumental in the restructuring of Georgia Tech's colleges during the administration of John Patrick Crecine. Thomas was also instrumental in the creation of the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering.

Thomas also served as president of INFORMS and was elected a fellow of INFORMS and the Institute of Industrial Engineers. He was named an honorary alumnus of Georgia Tech in 2000. He received INFORMS' 1995 George E. Kimball Medal.

Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) is an international society for practitioners in the fields of operations research (O.R.), management science, and analytics. It was established in 1995 with the merger of the Operations Research Society of America (ORSA) and The Institute of Management Sciences (TIMS).

The INFORMS Roundtable includes institutional members from operations research departments at major organizations.

INFORMS administers the honor society Omega Rho.
Energy Savings and Industrial Competitiveness Act of 2013
The Energy Savings and Industrial Competitiveness Act of 2013 (S. 1392) is a bill that was introduced into the United States Senate during the 113th United States Congress.  The overall purpose of the bill was to reduce energy waste by increasing energy efficiency in the United States.  Among its many provisions, the bill includes measures to improve building codes, assist manufactures in becoming more energy efficient, and increase conservation efforts at federal agencies.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
French Troops Fording the Magra
French Troops Fording the Magra (French: Les Troupes françaises franchissant la Margra) is an 1847 oil painting by the British artist Clarkson Stanfield. Combining elements of landscape and history painting. It depicts forces of the French Republic crossing the River Magra near Sarzana in 1796 during Napoleon Bonaparte's Italian Campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars.

Stanfield was known for his Romantic landscapes. 
The picture was possibly commissioned by George Egerton, 2nd Earl of Ellesmere. The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1847 at the National Gallery in London. It was subsequently also exhibited at the Salon of 1855 in Paris and at the Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition in 1857. It is today in the collection of the Louvre in Paris, having been acquired  A preparatory oil sketch for the painting is now in the York Art Gallery in England.

George Egerton, 2nd Earl of Ellesmere
George Granville Francis Egerton, 2nd Earl of Ellesmere (15 June 1823 – 19 September 1862), styled Viscount Brackley between 1846 and 1857, was a British peer and Conservative politician from the Egerton family.

Egerton was the eldest son of Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford and Trinity College, Cambridge. On 29 April 1846, he married Lady Mary Campbell (a daughter of the 1st Earl Cawdor) and they had two sons, Hon. Francis Charles Granville (1847–1914) and Hon. Alfred John Francis (1854–1890), Member of Parliament for Eccles.

In 1847, Lord Brackley became Member of Parliament for North Staffordshire and held the seat until 1851 when he resigned due to ill health.  In 1857, he inherited his father's titles and on his own death in 1862, was succeeded by his eldest son, Francis.
Igor Larionov
Igor Nikolayevich Larionov (Russian: Игорь Николаевич Ларионов; born 3 December 1960) is a Russian ice hockey coach, sports agent and former professional ice hockey player, known as "the Professor". Considered one of the best hockey players of all time, he, along with Viacheslav Fetisov, were instrumental in forcing the Soviet government to let Soviet players compete in the National Hockey League (NHL). During his career, which lasted from 1977 to 2006, he primarily played the centre position.

Larionov won the Stanley Cup three times with the Detroit Red Wings (1997, 1998, 2002) and was inducted as a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame on 10 November 2008. He was also a member of Detroit's famed Russian Five line. His international career was recognized with induction into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2008.

Sports agent
A sports agent is a legal representative for professional athletes and coaches who negotiates employment and endorsement contracts on their behalf. Sports agents may also assist with financial planning, legal coordination, and marketing matters, often working alongside lawyers, accountants, and brand managers.
Coahuila meteorite
The Coahuila meteorite is a hexahedrite iron meteorite found in Coahuila, Mexico. The large number of fragments has led to many synonyms and many authors think that more than one meteorite is represented by the fragments. Only fragments found in Coahuila, that are hexahedrites and fall into the IIAB group should be called Coahuila meteorite.

The mineral Daubréelite was first described in this meteorite.

Hexahedrite
Hexahedrites are a structural class of iron meteorite. They are composed almost exclusively of the nickel–iron alloy kamacite and are lower in nickel content than the octahedrites. The nickel concentration in hexahedrites is always below 5.8% and only rarely below 5.3%.

The name comes from the cubic (i.e. hexahedron) structure of the kamacite crystal.
After etching, hexahedrites do not display a Widmanstätten pattern, but they often do show Neumann lines: parallel lines that cross each other at various angles, and are indicative of impact shock on the parent body. These lines are named after politician Johann Georg Neumann who discovered them in 1848.
The Bloody Chamber (short story)
"The Bloody Chamber" is a historical short story published in 1979. It was written by English author Angela Carter. The tale is a retelling of the story of Bluebeard, and includes themes relating to the objectification of women, flawed power dynamics, and sexuality. This eponymous short story was originally published in a collection titled The Bloody Chamber, which deconstructed common fairy tales for a more modern and adult audience, resulting in both criticism and critical acclaim.

Bluebeard
"Bluebeard" (French: Barbe bleue [baʁb(ə) blø]) is a French folktale, the most famous surviving version of which was written by Charles Perrault and first published by Claude Barbin in Paris in 1697 in Histoires ou contes du temps passé. The tale is about a wealthy man in the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of the present one to avoid the fate of her predecessors. "The White Dove", "The Robber Bridegroom", and "Fitcher's Bird" (also called "Fowler's Fowl") are tales similar to "Bluebeard". The notoriety of the tale is such that Merriam-Webster gives the word Bluebeard the definition of "a man who marries and kills one wife after another". The verb bluebearding has even appeared as a way to describe the crime of either killing a series of women, or seducing and abandoning a series of women.
Bab al-Jinan
Bab al-Jinan (Arabic: بَاب الْجِنَان, romanized: Bāb al-Jinān), meaning the Gate of Gardens, was one of the gates of Aleppo that used to lead to gardens on the banks of the Quwēq river.

The gate is thought to have been built by Sayf al-Dawla during his possession of Aleppo between 944 and 967. The gate provided access to the great palace of Halba and gardens that Sayf al-Dawla had built outside the city. The gate was referred to by Al-Muqaddasi in 985 as The Watermelon Gate, and noted by Alexander Russell in his 1756 book The Natural History of Aleppo.

The gate was demolished around 1900 in order to widen the road. There used to be numerous exchangers and storage houses for goods near the gate, and a pine dating back to the 16th century. The gate had a tower called the "serpent tower" in which was said to be a talisman capable of protecting from serpent bites. Bāb Jnēn today is the site of a traditional souk.

The Natural History of Aleppo
The Natural History of Aleppo is a 1756 book by naturalist Alexander Russell on the natural history of Aleppo. In 1794 his half-brother, Patrick Russell, revised and expanded the text in a second edition. The book is significant for its quality, the contemporary interest it attracted, and for being a product of the Scottish Enlightenment.

When the book was published it was immediately an important European record and perspective on the state of contemporary science in Syria.

The book contains the earliest known description of the Syrian hamster.
Hacktivismo Enhanced-Source Software License Agreement
The Hacktivismo Enhanced-Source Software License Agreement (HESSLA) is a software license proposed by Hacktivismo that attempts to put ethical restrictions on use and modification of software released under it.

The license was written by Oxblood Ruffin (of Hacktivismo and CULT OF THE DEAD COW) and Eric Grimm, an attorney with the EFF.

The HESSLA allows for enhancements to be made and for derivative works to be created, but it prohibits the use or modification of the software to violate human rights or to introduce features that spy on the user. It is intended to be a legally enforceable document. However, due to these restrictions, it is not technically a free software license or an open source license, though it was inspired by free software and open source licenses.

Spyware
Spyware (a portmanteau for spying software) is any malware  that aims to gather information about a person or organization and send it to another entity in a way that harms the user by violating their privacy, endangering their device's security, or other means. This behavior may be present in other malware and in legitimate software. Websites may engage in spyware behaviors like web tracking. Hardware devices may also be affected.

Spyware is frequently associated with advertising and involves many of the same issues. Because these behaviors are so common, and can have non-harmful uses, providing a precise definition of spyware is a difficult task.
Hermitage of São Tiago
The Hermitage of São Tiago (Portuguese: Ermida de São Tiago) is a medieval hermitage located in the civil parish of Água de Pau, in the municipality of Lagoa, on Portuguese island of São Miguel, archipelago of the Azores.

Hermitage (religious retreat)
A hermitage most authentically refers to a place where a hermit lives in seclusion from the world, or a building or settlement where a person or a group of people live religiously, in seclusion.  Particularly as a name or part of the name of properties its meaning is often imprecise, harking to a distant period of local history, components of the building material, or recalling any former sanctuary or holy place.  Secondary churches or establishments run from a monastery were often called "hermitages".

In the 18th century, some owners of English country houses adorned their gardens with a "hermitage", sometimes a Gothic ruin, but sometimes, as at Painshill Park, a romantic hut which a "hermit" was recruited to occupy.  The so-called Ermita de San Pelayo y San Isidoro is the ruins of a Romanesque church of Ávila, Spain, that ended up several hundred miles away, to feature in the Buen Retiro Park in Madrid.
Lent Bumps 2012
The Lent Bumps 2012 was a series of rowing races at Cambridge University from Tuesday 28 February 2012 to Saturday 3 March 2012. The event was run as a bumps race and was the 125th set of races in the series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late February or early March since 1887. See Lent Bumps for the format of the races. 121 crews took part (69 men's crews and 52 women's crews), with nearly 1100 participants in total.

Queens' College Boat Club
Queens' College Boat Club (QCBC) is the rowing club for members of Queens' College, Cambridge.

The current positions of the men's 1st VIII are 16th in the Lent Bumps and 14th in the May Bumps. The 1st women's VIII currently reside near the bottom of the 1st division in the Lent Bumps and May Bumps, being 15th and 17th, respectively.