hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
La Reforma (caldera)
La Reforma is a Plio-Pleistocene caldera on the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. It is part of eleven volcanoes in Baja California, which formed with the Gulf of California during the Miocene, about ten million years ago. Previously, a volcanic arc had existed on the peninsula. The caldera's basement consists of granites and monzonites, formed between the Cretaceous and the Middle Miocene.

The caldera has a diameter of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and is surrounded by a rim 100 to 500 metres (330 to 1,640 ft) high; its highest point is 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) high above sea level. The formation of the caldera was accompanied by the eruption of a 5–10 cubic kilometres (1.2–2.4 cu mi) ignimbrite. After the eruption, volcanic activity continued in and around the caldera, forming lava domes, lava flows and a resurgent dome that rises 700 metres (2,300 ft) above the caldera margin.

Other volcanoes in the area include El Aguajito and Tres Virgenes.

Middle Miocene
The Middle Miocene is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch made up of two stages: the Langhian and Serravallian stages. The Middle Miocene is preceded by the Early Miocene, and followed by the Late Miocene.

The sub-epoch lasted from 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) to 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma. During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place. This event is known as the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition.

For the purpose of establishing European land mammal ages, this sub-epoch is equivalent to the Astaracian age.
Calm Waters
Calm Waters is a 2013 large glass and paint installation by artist Katherine Bradford. It is located on the Eskenazi Health campus, near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, US, and is part of the Eskenazi Health Art Collection.

Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital
The Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital is a public hospital located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The hospital is the flagship medical center for Eskenazi Health, founded in 1859 as Indiana's oldest public healthcare system. The hospital is operated by Health and Hospital Corporation of Marion County. The current hospital opened December 7, 2013, less than 1,300 feet (400 m) to the west of the original campus, replacing Wishard Memorial Hospital.

Many of Eskenazi Hospital's 4,620 medical staff are provided by a mix of faculty, residents, and students of the adjacent Indiana University School of Medicine. The hospital is an Adult Level I Trauma Center and serves about 1 million outpatients annually.
1990 World Figure Skating Championships
The 1990 World Figure Skating Championships were held at the Halifax Metro Centre in Halifax, Canada from  March 6 to 11. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

Scotiabank Centre
Scotiabank Centre (formerly known as Halifax Metro Centre) is the largest multi-purpose facility in Atlantic Canada, located in downtown Halifax, Nova Scotia. The main entrances to the building are located on Brunswick Street, at the corner of Duke Street and Carmichael Street, at the foot of Citadel Hill. The building's box office entrance is located on Carmichael Street.
Jonas Pipynė
Jonas Pipynė (30 November 1935 in Biržai – 23 September 1997 in Vilnius) was a Lithuanian track and field runner and skier.

In 1957, he was named the Lithuanian Sportsman of the Year. In 1954 Pipynė won gold medal in national cross country skiing championships. Sixteen times he won gold medals in Lithuanian Athletics Championships. He reached national Lithuanian running records 32 times in 1500 m, 800 m, 1000 m, 2000 m, 5000 m, mile, 4x800, 4x1500, 4x400 events and four times achieved Soviet Union record in 1500 m run. 4 times in a row 1956–1959 became Soviet Union champion. Pipynė represented Soviet Union in the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Biržai
Biržai (pronunciationⓘ, also known by several alternative names) is a city in northern Lithuania.  Famous for its reconstructed Biržai Castle manor, the whole region is renowned for its many traditional-recipe beer breweries.
Manuela George-Izunwa
Hon. Barr. Manuela George-Izunwa is a Nigerian politician who served as Rivers State Commissioner of Women Affairs from 2007 to 2009. During her tenure, her stated campaign goals were better treatment of widows, economic female empowerment and the prevention of violence against women, as well as furthering women's health and female education.she also serve as a co-pastor with her husband Pastor George Izunwa.

Widow
A widow (female) or widower (male) is a person whose spouse has died and who has not remarried. The male form, "widower", is first attested in the 14th century, by the 19th century supplanting "widow" with reference to men. The adjective for either sex is widowed. These terms are not applied to a divorcé(e) following the death of an ex-spouse.

The state of having lost one's spouse to death is termed widowhood. The term widowhood can be used for either sex, at least according to some dictionaries, but the word widowerhood is also listed in some dictionaries. An archaic term for a widow is "relict", literally "someone left over"; this word can sometimes be found on older gravestones. Occasionally, the word viduity is used.
Ewan Morrison
Ewan Morrison (born 1968) is a Scottish author, cultural critic, director, and screenwriter. He has published nine novels and a collection of short stories, as of 2025. His novel Nina X won the Saltire Society Literary Award for Fiction Book of the Year 2019. Irvine Welsh described Morrison as "the eminent fiction writer of our times".

Bella Caledonia
Bella Caledonia is an online magazine publishing social, political and cultural commentary. It was launched in 2007 and came to particular prominence during the campaign period of the Scottish independence referendum that was held in 2014. The site is not affiliated to any political party. Until late 2017, it also produced a 24-page print magazine which appeared as a supplement in The National on the first Saturday of every month.
Late Lunch Live
Late Lunch Live was an Irish afternoon television show on the channel TV3, which later became Virgin Media One. It premiered live on 30 September 2013 airing every Monday to Friday from 14:00. By 2014 the show was moved to a new timeslot of 15:30 to 16:30.

The program features news and weather updates, showbiz, fashion, beauty, food, health and lifestyle. Its in-studio presenters are Lucy Kennedy, Martin King and previously reporter Claire Solan took part in the show.

As part of the revamp of TV3's Daytime schedule due to falling audience figures an extended version of Ireland AM and Late Lunch Live replace The Morning Show.

On 30 January 2015 TV3 Group confirmed the show's cancellation to make way for a new show called The 7 O'Clock show, which premiered on 16 February 2015. Both presenters of The Late Lunch Live moved to the new show.

Breakfast television
Breakfast television (Europe and Australia) or morning show (Canada and the United States) is a type of news or infotainment television programme that broadcasts live in the morning (typically scheduled between 5:00 and 10:00 a.m., or if it is a local programme, as early as 4:00 a.m.). Often presented by a small team of hosts, these programmes are typically marketed towards the combined demography of people getting ready for work and school and stay-at-home adults and parents.

The first – and longest-running – national breakfast/morning show on television is Today, which set the tone for the genre and premiered on 14 January 1952 on NBC in the United States. For the next 70 years, Today was the number one morning program in the ratings for the vast majority of its run and since its start, many other television stations and television networks around the world have followed NBC's lead, copying that program's successful format.
Euan East
Euan East (born 5 July 2000) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Linfield in NIFL Premiership. East has previously played for Queen's Park, Albion Rovers and Queen of the South.

Palmerston Park
Palmerston Park is a football stadium on Terregles Street in Dumfries, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.  It is the home ground of Scottish League One club Queen of the South, who have played there since 1919. South of Scotland League club Heston Rovers have shared Palmerston since 2013. The stadium has a capacity of 8,690 of which 3,377 are seats.
2012–13 Duleep Trophy
The 2012–13 Duleep Trophy was the 52nd season of the Duleep Trophy, a first-class cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone and West Zone.

East Zone won the final against Central Zone on first innings lead.

North Zone cricket team
The North Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents northern India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of players from seven first-class Indian teams from northern India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Services. North Zone has the strongest track record of all the zones in the Duleep Trophy, as they have won the Trophy 17 times, with the next best team, West Zone having won 16 times. They hold the record for the most consecutive titles, five, from 1990/91 through to 1994/95.
Diffusive–thermal instability
Diffusive–thermal instability or thermo–diffusive instability is an intrinsic flame instability that occurs both in premixed flames and in diffusion flames and arises because of the difference in the diffusion coefficient values for the fuel and heat transport, characterized by non-unity values of Lewis numbers. The instability mechanism that arises here is the same as in Turing instability explaining chemical morphogenesis, although the mechanism was first discovered in the context of combustion by Yakov Zeldovich in 1944 to explain the cellular structures appearing in lean hydrogen flames. Quantitative stability theory for premixed flames were developed by Gregory Sivashinsky (1977), Guy Joulin and Paul Clavin (1979) and for diffusion flames by Jong S. Kim and Forman A. Williams (1996,1997).

Forman A. Williams
Forman Arthur Williams (born January 12, 1934) is an American academic in the field of combustion and aerospace engineering who is Emeritus Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of California San Diego.
NHL 2K8
NHL 2K8 is an ice hockey video game made by 2K, and published on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360 consoles. It features former Ottawa Senators centre Jason Spezza on its cover. Bob Cole and Harry Neale return from NHL 2K6 and NHL 2K7 to provide commentary.

New features in the game include an all-new faceoff system, an all-new ProStick system involving the right skill stick to deke, take faceoffs and puck handle, and an all-new system called Superstar Combo moves, which mimics real-life dekes and fakes by actual NHL players to use in the game with the push of a button. Also, the game included an all-new goaltending system, with all-new graphics and movement.

NHL 2K8 introduced the new Reebok Edge jerseys through the use of a code found on the 2K Sports website.

The soundtrack has 16 rock songs from various artists including Priestess, Comeback Kid, Stellastarr, and other rock bands.

Comeback Kid (band)
Comeback Kid is a Canadian hardcore punk band formed in March 2001 in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The band currently consists of vocalist Andrew Neufeld, guitarists Jeremy Hiebert and Stu Ross, bassist Chase Brenneman and drummer Terrance Pettitt Since its formation, the band has released seven studio albums and seventeen music videos. Their seventh studio album, Heavy Steps, was released in January 2022.
National Park (band)
National Park is a Scottish band formed in 1997 in Glasgow. The band's music has been described as having some similarities to Velvet Underground, Galaxie 500, and Yo La Tengo "without sounding like anything else.""

Teenage Fanclub
Teenage Fanclub are a Scottish alternative rock band formed in Glasgow in 1989. The group were founded by Norman Blake (vocals, guitar), Raymond McGinley (vocals, lead guitar) and Gerard Love (vocals, bass), all of whom shared lead vocals and songwriting duties until Love's departure in 2018. As of 2023, the band's lineup consists of Blake, McGinley, Francis Macdonald (drums, vocals), Dave McGowan (bass, vocals) and Euros Childs (keyboards, vocals).

In concert the band usually alternate among its songwriters, giving equal playing time to each one's songs. Although often pegged as alternative rock, the group have incorporated a wide variety of elements from various music styles.

Teenage Fanclub have had a succession of drummers, namely Francis Macdonald, Brendan O'Hare and Paul Quinn. Keyboardist Finlay Macdonald (no relation) has also been a member. As of 2023, the band have released 12 studio albums and two compilation albums.
Character table
In group theory, a branch of abstract algebra, a character table is a two-dimensional table whose rows correspond to irreducible representations, and whose columns correspond to conjugacy classes of group elements.  The entries consist of characters, the traces of the matrices representing group elements of the column's class in the given row's group representation. In chemistry, crystallography, and spectroscopy, character tables of point groups are used to classify e.g. molecular vibrations according to their symmetry, and to predict whether a transition between two states is forbidden for symmetry reasons. Many university level textbooks on physical chemistry, quantum chemistry, spectroscopy and inorganic chemistry devote a chapter to the use of symmetry group character tables.

Dihedral group
In mathematics, a dihedral group is the group of symmetries of a regular polygon, which includes rotations and reflections. Dihedral groups are among the simplest examples of finite groups, and they play an important role in group theory, geometry, and chemistry.

The notation for the dihedral group differs in geometry and abstract algebra. In geometry, Dn or Dihn refers to the symmetries of the n-gon, a group of order 2n. In abstract algebra, D2n refers to this same dihedral group. This article uses the geometric convention, Dn.
False vivipary
False vivipary is an abnormal condition found in many types of plants in which a plantlet is produced where the flower should appear. It is not a completely understood topic, but some say it could be caused by a hormonal mistake. The plantlet which appears can be rooted and grown like normal plants. This abnormal behavior can occasionally be seen in many types of carnivorous plants.

Plantlet
A plantlet is a young or small plant, produced on the leaf margins or the aerial stems of another plant.

Some plants, such as spider plants, grow stolons with plantlets on the ends as a form of asexual reproduction. Vegetative propagules or clippings of mature plants may form plantlets.
Examples of plantlets budding from leaf or stem tissue may be found in several species known as mother of thousands. Kalanchoe daigremontiana forms somatic embryos on its leaf margins that germinate into deciduous juvenile plants before falling from the parent and growing independently.
Rainbow shiner
The rainbow shiner (Hydrophlox chrosomus) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. This fish is found in North America.

The rainbow shiner has a length of 5 to 8 centimeters. It has translucent color from pink to golden with a silver-black stripe along its flanks. The base of its fins are of a reddish color. Adult males change their color during the mating period. Their ventral fins become blue, their head turns purple and their nose turns red.

The rainbow shiner was originally endemic to the Mobile River system, where it can be found in small clear rivers of drainage areas of the Alabama, Coosa and Black Warrior rivers in particular. Now it also appears in some rivers in Tennessee and is a popular pet fish for aquariums and ponds.

The rainbow shiner spawns between May and June.

Coosa River
The Coosa River is a tributary of the Alabama River in the U.S. states of Alabama and Georgia. The river is about 280 miles (450 km) long.

The Coosa River begins at the confluence of the Oostanaula and Etowah rivers in Rome, Georgia, and ends just northeast of the Alabama state capital, Montgomery, where it joins the Tallapoosa River to form the Alabama River just south of Wetumpka. Around 90% of the Coosa River's length is located in Alabama.  Coosa County, Alabama and Etowah County, Alabama are located on the Coosa River.

The Coosa is one of Alabama's most developed rivers. Most of the river has been impounded, with Alabama Power, a unit of the Southern Company, owning seven dams and powerhouses on the Coosa River. The dams produce hydroelectric power, but they are costly to some species endemic to the Coosa River.
George Oscar Alcorn
George Oscar Alcorn KC (May 3, 1850 – February 16, 1930) was a Canadian lawyer and politician.

Born in Lennoxville, Canada East, (now Sherbrooke, Quebec), the son of Thomas Coke Alcorn and Martha A. Bartlett, he was educated at the Toronto Grammar and Model Grammar Schools. A lawyer, he was admitted to the bar in 1871 and was created a King's Counsel in 1890. He practised law in Belleville, Ontario and Picton, Ontario. He was president of the Prince Edward Liberal-Conservative Association.

He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the Ontario riding of Prince Edward in the 1900 federal election. A Conservative, he was re-elected in the 1904 election but was defeated in the 1908 election.

In 1872, he married Sara Jane Leavitt. In 1910, Alcorn was named Master in Ordinary for the Supreme Court of Ontario and served in that post until 1923.

Lennoxville, Quebec
Lennoxville (French pronunciation: [lɛnɔksvil]) is an arrondissement, or borough, of the city of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. Lennoxville is located at the confluence of the St. Francis and Massawippi Rivers, approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of downtown Sherbrooke.

Lennoxville had previously existed as an independent city until January 1, 2002, when the city of Lennoxville, along with several other formerly independent towns and cities in the region, were merged with the city of Sherbrooke. A demerger referendum held on June 20, 2004, failed to attract the required majority of votes to reestablish Lennoxville as an independent city.
The Boroughs
The Boroughs is an upcoming American science fiction television series created by Jeffrey Addiss and Will Matthews and produced by The Duffer Brothers. It is slated to premiere on Netflix on May 21, 2026.

Mousa Kraish
Mousa Hussein Kraish (/ˈmuːsə ˈkreɪʃ/ MOO-sə KRAYSH; Arabic: موسى حسين قريش; born November 21) is an American actor and director, who has appeared in several Hollywood films including Steven Spielberg's 2005 film Munich. He is best known for his role as the Jinn in American Gods.
All-African People's Revolutionary Party
The All-African People's Revolutionary Party (A-APRP) is a socialist political party founded by Kwame Nkrumah and organized in Conakry, Guinea in 1968. The party expanded to the United States in 1972 and claims to have recruited members from 33 countries. According to the party, global membership in the party is "in the hundreds".

Nkrumah's goal in founding the party was to create and manage the political economic conditions necessary for the emergence of an All-African People's Revolutionary Army that would lead the military struggle against "settler colonialism, Zionism, neo-colonialism, imperialism and all other forms of capitalist oppression and exploitation."

Conakry
Conakry (/ˈkɒnəkri/ KON-ə-kree, French: [kɔnakʁi]; Susu: Kɔnakiri; N'Ko: ߞߐߣߊߞߙߌ߫, romanized: Kɔnakrí; Fula: 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭, romanized: Konaakiri) is the capital and largest city of Guinea. A port city, it serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea. Its population as of the 2026 Guinea census was 3,407,327.

The population of Conakry is difficult to ascertain. The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of African Affairs has estimated it at 2 million, or one-sixth of the country's population.
Saint-Étienne-au-Mont
Saint-Étienne-au-Mont (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿etjɛn o mɔ̃]; Picard: Sant-Étienne-au-Mont; obsolete Dutch: Sint-Stevensbergen, lit. 'St. Stephen's Mountains') is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France near Boulogne-sur-Mer.

Chinese Labour Corps
The Chinese Labour Corps (CLC; French: Corps de Travailleurs Chinois; simplified Chinese: 中国劳工旅; traditional Chinese: 中國勞工旅; pinyin: Zhōngguó láogōng lǚ) was a labour corps recruited by the British government in the First World War to free troops for front line duty by performing support work and manual labour. The French government also recruited a significant number of Chinese labourers, and although those labourers working for the French were recruited separately and not part of the CLC, the term is often used to encompass both groups. In all, some 140,000 men served for both British and French forces before the war ended and most of the men were repatriated to China between 1918 and 1920.
Texas Geographical Union
The Texas Rugby Union (TRU) is the Geographical Union (GU) for rugby union teams playing in Texas and portions of  Arkansas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma for USA Rugby. It is a non-profit organization and is the primary overseeing body for the promotion of rugby union in the region.

The TRU is divided into four divisions: Men, Women, college men, and College Women.

Austin Huns
The Austin Huns Rugby Football Club is an American men's rugby union club based in Austin, Texas. In June 2017 they became U.S. Division 1 National Champions beating New York Athletic Club RFC 27–23 in the final match.
Cashville Takeover
Cashville Takeover is a mixtape by rappers Young Buck, C-Bo, The Outlawz, and $o$a Da Plug, hosted by DJ Rip. This was the first mixtape released with all of the Ca$hville Records roster on one disc together. The mixtape features exclusive tracks and freestyles from Ca$hville with appearances by Snoop Dogg, All Star Cashville Prince, Yo Gotti, and more. It was released for digital download and sale on iTunes on February 3, 2009.

Young Buck
David Darnell Brown (born March 15, 1981), better known by his stage name Young Buck, is an American rapper. He was affiliated with Birdman's Cash Money Records in 1997, formed the hip hop collective UTP with Juvenile and Soulja Slim in 2000, and joined 50 Cent's group, G-Unit by 2003. In 2003, he signed with 50 Cent's G-Unit Records, an imprint of Interscope Records to release his debut studio album Straight Outta Cashville (2004) and its follow-up Buck the World (2007), both of which peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and were met with critical praise.

Initially launched in 2005 as "G-Unit South", Brown's record label, Cashville Records, has released his subsequent projects following personal disputes with 50 Cent and his 2010 departure from G-Unit Records. Cashville has also signed hip hop acts including The Outlawz and C-Bo.
2015 Kenyan Super Cup
The 2015 Kenyan Super Cup was a Kenyan football match contested by the 2014 Kenyan Premier League champions Gor Mahia and the 2014 FKF President's Cup champions Sofapaka. Gor Mahia won the match 2–1 after 90 minutes. The winners claimed KSh.750,000/= in prize money while Sofapaka collected KSh.500,000/= as runners-up.

Sofapaka F.C.
Sofapaka Football Club (Sofapaka: Sote kama Familia kwa Pamoja Kuafikia Azimio – Kiswahili: We as a Family together to achieve a goal) is a football club, based in CHEBUNYO, BOMET COUNTY. They play their home games at the Chebunyo  stadium (also Known as jurists stadium).