hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conflict Catcher
Conflict Catcher is a discontinued utility software application that was written by Jeff Robbin and published by Casady & Greene for classic Mac OS. It aided Macintosh users in solving conflicts within Mac OS that could occur on startup when a large amount of extensions and control panels were installed (see Extension conflict). Later versions of Conflict Catcher included a playable Asteroids game as an easter egg in the About menu. Conflict Catcher included a printed manual written by David Pogue.

A Mac OS X version was never released, since the extension mechanisms in Mac OS X do not have extension conflicts. The last version of Conflict Catcher was version 9, for Mac OS 9. After declining sales, in 2003 Casady & Greene filed for bankruptcy. Conflict Catcher 9 was priced at $63, significantly higher than average prices for utility software.

System Settings
System Settings (known as System Preferences prior to macOS Ventura) is an application in macOS that allows users to modify system settings, such as displays, audio, peripherals, and network connections. It was first introduced in Mac OS X 10.0 to replace the control panels found in Classic Mac OS, replacing multiple fragmented utilities with a single interface.
Gods and Generals (novel)
Gods and Generals is a novel which serves as a prequel to Michael Shaara's 1974 Pulitzer Prize–winning work about the Battle of Gettysburg, The Killer Angels. Written by Jeffrey Shaara after his father Michael's death in 1988, the novel relates events from 1858 through 1863, during the American Civil War, ending just as the two armies march toward Gettysburg. Shaara also wrote The Last Full Measure, published in 2000, which follows the events presented in The Killer Angels.

In 2003, Gods and Generals was made into a film directed by Ronald F. Maxwell and starring Robert Duvall and Jeff Daniels. The film shares most of its cast with Gettysburg, the film adaptation of The Killer Angels.

Prequel
A prequel is a literary, dramatic or cinematic work whose story precedes that of a previous work, by focusing on events that occur before the original narrative. A prequel is a work that forms part of a backstory to the preceding work.

The term "prequel" is a 20th-century neologism from the prefix "pre-" (from Latin prae, "before") and "sequel".

Like sequels, prequels may or may not concern the same plot as the work from which they are derived. More often they explain the background that led to the events in the original, but sometimes the connections are not completely explicit. Sometimes prequels play on the audience's knowledge of what will happen next, using deliberate references to create dramatic irony.
Ooencyrtus marcelloi
Ooencyrtus marcelloi is a parasitic wasp belonging to the family Encyrtidae. The species was first discovered in 2008 in a tropical lowland rainforest in the Soberanía National Park around Gamboa, Panama. The scientific name was first published in 2010.

Female length 0.9 mm; male length 0.7-0.8 mm. The hosts of this parasitic wasp are eggs of Heliconiini butterflies. Parasitized eggs were found on passion vines: Passiflora auriculata, Passiflora biflora, Passiflora coriacea and Passiflora vitifolia. From one butterfly egg, a single wasp emerges.

Soberanía National Park
Soberanía National Park (Parque Nacional Soberanía) is a national park in Panama near the banks of the Panama Canal in the provinces of Panamá and Colón, some 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Panama City. The Chagres River runs through the park. Established as a national park in 1980, the park covers 55,000 acres (220 km2).

Visitors to the Soberanía National Park can also explore the Las Cruces Trail (Camino de Cruces). This historical trail dates back to the 16th century and was used by the Spanish to transport gold. Parts of the trail are still lined with old stones that once marked the trail's original path.

The land that is now the Parque Municipal Summit was originally included in this park, but was turned over to Panama City in 1985.
Earl Richardson (baseball)
Earl Allen Richardson (November 22, 1924 – April 9, 2003) was an American baseball shortstop in the Negro leagues.

A native of Montclair, New Jersey, Richardson attended Montclair High School. He played with the Newark Eagles as a teenager in 1943, and served in the US Navy during World War II. Richardson died in Parsippany, New Jersey in 2003 at age 78.

Montclair High School (New Jersey)
Montclair High School is a comprehensive four-year public high school located in Montclair, in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades as the lone secondary school of the Montclair Public School District. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1928.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,925 students and 149.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.9:1. There were 275 students (14.3% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 69 (3.6% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
Conservatism in Israel
Conservatism in Israel is mostly based around upholding Jewish tradition, promotion of forms of Zionism that tend to be more irredentist in nature (i.e. Revisionist and Neo-Zionism, which promote the idea of Greater Israel as compared to Liberal or Labor Zionism, which are supportive of a two-state solution), promoting Israeli national security, maintaining the role of religion and the Rabbinate in the public sphere, support for the free market, and closer ties with the United States. However, a variety of ideological trends exist within Israeli conservatism, and not all hold up every single one of these ideals or points of view.

Agudat Yisrael
Agudat Yisrael (Hebrew: אֲגוּדָּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, romanized: Agudath Israel, lit. 'Union of Israel'; Ashkenazi Hebrew: Agudas Yisroel) is a Haredi Jewish political party in Israel. It began as a political party representing Haredi Jews in Poland, originating in the Agudath Israel movement in Upper Silesia. It later became the party of many Haredim in Israel. It was the umbrella party for many, though not all, Haredi Jews in Israel until the 1980s, as it had been during the British Mandate of Palestine.

Since the 1980s it has become a predominantly Hasidic party, though it often combines with the Degel HaTorah non-Hasidic Ashkenazi Haredi party for elections and coalition-forming (although not with the Sephardi and Mizrahi Haredi party Shas). When so combined, they are known together as United Torah Judaism.
Alvier
The Alvier is a mountain stream in Vorarlberg, Austria.

The Alvier flows through the Brandnertal passing through the municipalities of Brand and Bürs, where it discharges into the Ill.

The waters have created numerous Kolks in the riverbed which are populated by river and rainbow trouts. The clear, torrential river has potable water quality.

The stream feeds the 14 hectares (35 acres) large Alvierbad in Brand, an open-air bath which can be used free of charge with the Alpenregion Guest Card. Aquatic plants filter pollutants out of the water of the bath, which features especially in the summertime agreeable temperatures.

Salmo trutta fario
Salmo trutta fario, sometimes called the river trout, is a river-dwelling freshwater predatory fish from the genus Salmo of the family Salmonidae. It is one of the three main subspecies of the brown trout (Salmo trutta), besides sea trout (Salmo trutta trutta) and the lacustrine trout (Salmo trutta lacustris).
Isaiah 25
Isaiah 25 is the twenty-fifth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapters 24-27 of Isaiah constitute one continuous poetical prophecy, sometimes called the "Isaiah Apocalypse".

Prophet
In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to be a conduit for that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people. The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy.

Prophethood has existed in many cultures and religions throughout history, including Mesopotamian religion, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Manichaeism, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and Thelema.
Arixeniidae
Arixeniidae is a family of earwigs in the suborder Neodermaptera. Arixeniidae was formerly considered a suborder, Arixeniina, but was reduced in rank to family and included in the new suborder Neodermaptera.

Arixeniidae is represented by two genera, Arixenia and Xeniaria, with a total of five species. Arixenia esau and Xeniaria jacobsoni are the most well-known. As with Hemimerina, they are blind, wingless ectoparasites with filiform segmented cerci.  They are ectoparasites of various Southeast Asian bats, particularly of the genus Cheiromeles (i.e., "naked bulldog bats").

Cheiromeles
Cheiromeles is a genus of bats in the family Molossidae, the free-tailed bats. The genus was erected and described by Thomas Horsfield, who developed the name from the Greek word cheir ("hand"), a reference to the hand-like hindfoot, which has a toe that flexes like an opposable thumb. These bats have mostly hairless bodies and fold their wings into pouches of skin along their bodies when at rest. These are among the largest insectivorous bats, weighing up to 135 grams.

There are two species in this genus:

Lesser naked bat Cheiromeles parvidens

Hairless bat Cheiromeles torquatus
Emil Kapaun
Emil Joseph Kapaun (April 20, 1916 – May 23, 1951) was an American Catholic priest and United States Army captain who served as a chaplain during World War II and the Korean War.

Kapaun was a chaplain in the Burma Theater of World War II, then served again as a chaplain with the U.S. Army in Korea, where he was captured. He died in a prisoner of war camp. In 2013, Kapaun posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions in Korea. He is the ninth American military chaplain awarded the Medal of Honor. The Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) announced Kapaun's body was accounted for on March 2, 2021.

In 1993, Pope John Paul II declared him a Servant of God, the first stage on the path to canonization in the Catholic Church. In 2025, Pope Francis declared him Venerable, the next stage on the path to canonization.

"V" device
A "V" device is a metal 1⁄4-inch (6.4 mm) capital letter "V" with serifs which, when worn on certain decorations awarded by the United States Armed Forces, distinguishes a decoration awarded for combat valor or heroism from the same decoration being awarded for a member's actions under circumstances other than combat.

The decorations with which a "V" may be authorized differ among the military services, as well as the manner in which the "V" is worn and the name by which it is referred to. Until 2017, each service also used different criteria in determining whether a "V" could be authorized.
Lawton–Fort Sill Regional Airport
Lawton–Fort Sill Regional Airport (IATA: LAW, ICAO: KLAW, FAA LID: LAW) is two miles south of Lawton, in Comanche County, Oklahoma. It is used for military aviation from nearby Fort Sill and Sheppard Air Force Base and is served by American Eagle. Allegiant Air runs occasional charters.

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a primary commercial service airport. Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 77,533 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 71,389 in 2009 and 68,054 in 2010.

Allegiant Air
Allegiant Air, styled as allegiant, is an American low-cost airline headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada. The airline focuses on serving leisure traffic from small and medium-sized cities which it considers to be underserved, using an ultra low-cost business model with minimal inclusions in fares and a greater number of add-on fees.

Allegiant was founded in 1997 and is wholly owned by Allegiant Travel Company, a publicly traded company with 5,600 employees and over US$2.6 billion market capitalization in 2016. The airline is the fourteenth largest in North America.
Kevin Doyle (footballer)
Kevin Edward Doyle (born 18 September 1983) is an Irish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

He played for Wexford F.C. (formerly Wexford Youths), St Patrick's Athletic, and Cork City in his homeland before he moved to English side Reading. He was part of Reading's record-breaking promotion to the Premier League in 2006. In June 2009, he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers for a then-club record £6.5 million and finished his career in the United States with the Colorado Rapids.

Doyle made his debut for the Republic of Ireland national team in 2006. He scored fourteen goals in 62 appearances for Ireland and represented the country at UEFA Euro 2012.

In February 2018, Doyle took a job with the Wexford GAA Under-20s football team as an advisor to the team.

Kazakhstan national football team
The Kazakhstan national football team (Kazakh: Қазақстан Ұлттық футбол құрамасы, Qazaqstan Ūlttyq Futbol qūramasy, [qɑzɑqˈstɑn ʊɫt̚ˈtɤq fʊdˈboɫ qʊrɑmɑˈsə]) represents Kazakhstan in men's international football and it is governed by the Kazakhstan Football Federation. They split from the Soviet Union national team after independence in 1991 and joined the Asian Football Confederation's Central Asian Football Federation. After failing to qualify for the 1998 and 2002 FIFA World Cups, they joined UEFA, but are yet to qualify for a FIFA World Cup or a UEFA European Championship.
Augusto Valqui
Augusto Raúl Valqui Malpica (born 9 October 1948) is a Peruvian public accountant and politician. He served as Minister of Transportation and Communications in Alan García’s first presidency in 1990 and for five days under Manuel Merino in 2020.

A member of the Peruvian Aprista Party (APRA), Valqui ran for the party's presidential nomination for the 2026 general election. He placed ninth in the primary election attaining less than 0.5% of the members’ vote, losing to newcomer Enrique Valderrama.

Prior to his first stint as government minister under Alan García, Valqui served as Chairman of the Board of the Peruvian Corporation of Commercial Airports and Aviation (CORPAC) from 1986 to 1989.

Ministry of Transport and Communications (Peru)
The Ministry of Transport and Communications (Spanish: Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones, MTC) of Peru is the government ministry responsible for regulating transportation and communications services.

As of 13 May 2025, the minister of transport and communications is César Sandoval.
National Board of Review Awards 2025
The 97th National Board of Review Awards, honoring the best in film for 2025, were announced on December 3, 2025. Paul Thomas Anderson's action thriller One Battle After Another won Best Film, being his second film to win the category following Licorice Pizza in 2021. It was also the most awarded film with five victories, including Best Director as well as three acting prizes—Leonardo DiCaprio for Best Actor, Benicio del Toro for Best Supporting Actor, and Chase Infiniti for Breakthrough Performance.

The annual awards gala was held on January 13, 2026, at Cipriani 42nd Street in New York City, hosted by television personality and journalist Willie Geist.

Willie Geist
William Russell Geist (born May 3, 1975) is an American television personality and journalist. He is co-anchor of MS NOW's Morning Joe and anchor of Sunday Today with Willie Geist. Geist also frequently serves as a fill-in anchor on both the 7-9 a.m. and 10 a.m. hours of Today. Geist is a correspondent for NBC News and NBC Sports, hosting and contributing to NBC's Olympic coverage. Geist has hosted the Macy's 4th of July Fireworks and Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree Lighting on NBC.

Geist is the author or co-author of two books that have appeared on The New York Times bestseller list: Good Talk, Dad—written in 2014 with his father Bill Geist—and American Freak Show: The Completely Fabricated Stories of Our New National Treasures, released in 2010. His third book, the self-help satire Loaded! Become a Millionaire Overnight and Lose 20 Pounds in 2 Weeks or Your Money Back!, was released in 2011.
Gedevanishvili
Gedevanishvili (Georgian: გედევანიშვილი) is a Georgian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dimitri Gedevanishvili (born 1993), Georgian alpine skier

Elene Gedevanishvili (born 1990), Georgian figure skater

Elene Gedevanishvili
Elene Gedevanishvili (Georgian: ელენე გედევანიშვილი, born 7 January 1990) is a Georgian former competitive figure skater. She is a two-time (2012, 2010) European bronze medalist. In winning the medal in 2010, Gedevanishvili became the first skater from Georgia to medal at an ISU Championships. She has competed at three Winter Olympics: Turin 2006, Vancouver 2010 and Sochi 2014.
Mehar Chand Bhaskar
Mehar Chand Bhaskar is a former Indian national weight lifter. He has been awarded the Arjuna Award. He hails from Rajasthan and served in the Indian Army. He belongs to Gadakhera village of Buhana Tehsil in Jhunjhunu.

Jhunjhunu
Jhunjhunu is a city and municipal council in the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Jhunjhunu district. It is also the biggest city of the Shekhawati region, which includes Jhunjhunu, Churu and Sikar.
Cullins-Baker House
Cullins-Baker House is a historic plantation house located near Smalls Crossroads, Chowan County, North Carolina. It was built in the late 1830s, and is a two-story, three-bay, transitional Federal / Greek Revival-style frame dwelling.  It has a two-story rear ell and center-hall plan.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Montespluga
Montespluga is an Alpine village near the head of the Valle Spluga in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is a  frazione of the comune of Madesimo, located at 1,908 m of altitude on the road to Chiavenna.

Chiavenna
Chiavenna (Italian: [kjaˈvɛnna]; Lombard: Ciavèna [tʃaˈʋɛna]; Latin: Clavenna; Romansh: Clavenna [klaˈvɛnːɐ] ⓘ or Claven; archaic German: Cläven or Kleven) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the northern Italian region of Lombardy. It is the centre of the Alpine Valchiavenna region. The historic town is a member of the Cittaslow movement.
Peder Tollefsen Ilsaas
Peder Tollefsen Ilsaas (9 May 1777 – 17 February 1847) was a Norwegian farmer and politician.

He was born on the Ildsaas Nordre farm in the parish of Åmot in Hedmark county, Norway. He inherited the family farm from his father. He worked as a farmer and forest-owner.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1815, representing the constituency of Hedemarkens Amt (now part of Innlandet). He served only one term.

Åmot Municipality
Åmot is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Østerdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rena. Other villages in the municipality include Åsta, Osneset, and Snippen.

The 1,340-square-kilometre (520 sq mi) municipality is the 72nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Åmot is the 200th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,205. The municipality's population density is 3.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.0/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.7% over the previous 10-year period.
Powerlifting at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 48 kg
The women's 48 kg powerlifting event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was contested on 10 September at the Beihang University Gymnasium in Beijing, China. This event was the third-lightest of the women's powerlifting weight classes, limiting competitors to a maximum of 48 kilograms (105.8 lb) of body mass.

As with all Paralympic powerlifting events, lifters competed in the bench press. Each athlete was allowed three attempts to bench press as much weight as possible. Athletes attempting to break a record were allowed a fourth attempt. For the attempt to be valid, the competitor must have lowered the weighted bar to her chest, held it motionless for a moment, then pressed the bar upwards until her arms were fully extended. If the competitor failed to meet these requirements or any other rule infraction was committed, the attempt was declared invalid by a team of three referees and the result struck from the record.

Bench press
The bench press or chest press is a weight training exercise where a person presses a weight upwards while lying horizontally on a weight training bench. The bench press is a compound movement, with the primary muscles involved being the pectoralis major, the anterior deltoids, and the triceps brachii. Other muscles located in the back, legs and core are involved for stabilization. A barbell is generally used to hold the weight, but a pair of dumbbells can also be used.

The barbell bench press is one of three lifts in the sport of powerlifting alongside the deadlift and the squat, and is the only lift in Paralympic powerlifting. The bench press is also extensively used in weight training, bodybuilding, and other types of training to develop upper body muscles, primarily the pectoralis major. To improve upper body strength, power, and endurance for athletic, occupational, and functional performance as well as muscle development, the barbell bench press is frequently used.
Chalav Yisrael
Chalav Yisrael (Hebrew: חֲלַב יִשְׂרָאֵל‎), also pronounced cholov Yisroel, refers to kosher milk whose milking was observed by an observant Jew. The takkanah of chalav Yisrael, which originates in the Mishnah and Talmud, was instituted due to a concern that a non-Jew might mix milk of a non-kosher animal with the milk of a kosher animal. Today, many observant Jews rely on the ruling of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein, who argues that in countries such as the United States, where there is strict regulation against mixing milks, non-chalav Yisrael milk is considered kosher.

Takkanah
A takkanah (Hebrew: תקנה, romanized: taqqānā, pl. takkanot, 'improvement') is a major legislative enactment within halakha, the normative system of Judaism's laws. A takkanah is an enactment that revises an ordinance that no longer satisfies the requirements of the times or circumstances or which, being deduced from a biblical passage, may be regarded as new. A takkanah is enacted by a rabbinical decree or ordinance to improve and preserve religious life. It is, therefore, the antithesis of the gezerah (Hebrew: גְּזֵרָה, romanized: gǝzērā). The term is applied also to the institution provided for in the enactment.

Takkanot were enacted even in the time of the Second Temple, those of unknown origin being ascribed to earlier leaders, and they have been promulgated at all subsequent periods of Jewish history.