hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Salomons of Friedberg
The Salomon family of Friedberg (Czech: Salomonové z Friedbergu, German: Salomon von Friedberg, Latin: Salomon de Friedberg) is a Silesian family which originated in Frýdek in Silesia during the 16th century.

Czech Silesia
Czech Silesia (Czech: České Slezsko; Polish: Śląsk Czeski) is a part of the historical region of Silesia now in the Czech Republic. While it currently has no formal boundaries, in a narrow geographic sense, it encompasses most or all of the territory of the Czech Republic within the Oder River's drainage basin. Together with Bohemia and Moravia, it is one of the three historical Czech lands.

Silesia lies in the north-east of the Czech Republic, predominantly in the Moravian-Silesian Region, with a section in the northern Olomouc Region. It is almost identical in extent with Austrian Silesia (also known as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia), before 1918; between 1938 and 1945, part of the area was also known as Sudeten Silesia (German: Sudetenschlesien; Czech: Sudetské Slezsko; Polish: Śląsk Sudecki.
Ship money
Ship money  was a tax of medieval origin levied intermittently in the Kingdom of England until the middle of the 17th century. Assessed typically on the inhabitants of coastal areas of England, it was one of several taxes that English monarchs could levy by prerogative without the approval of Parliament. Queen Elizabeth I levied this tax to pay for a navy. The attempt of King Charles I from 1634 onwards to levy ship money during peacetime and extend it to the inland counties of England without parliamentary approval provoked fierce resistance, and was one of the grievances of the English propertied class in the lead-up to the English Civil War.

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.
West Newark Congregational Church and Cemetery
West Newark Congregational Church and Cemetery is a historic Congregational church and cemetery located at Newark Valley in Tioga County, New York.  It is a Greek Revival style, front gabled frame structure built in 1848.  The front facade features a large square bell tower centered in the gable ridge. Also on the property is a cemetery dating to the 1820s with burials in all subsequent eras.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Tioga County, New York
Tioga County /taɪˈoʊɡə/ is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,455. Its county seat is Owego. Tioga County is part of the Binghamton metropolitan area. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

The county's name is a corruption of Iroquois De-yoh-ho-gah, meaning "at the forks" or "where it forks."
Jan Dalecký
Jan Dalecký (born 10 March 1990) is a Czech professional ice hockey player who currently playing for Herner EV 2007 of the Oberliga.

He played with HC Kladno in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season.

Oberliga (ice hockey)
The Oberliga (English: Upper League) is the third tier of ice hockey in Germany, below DEL2 and above the Regionalliga. Since the 2015/16 season, the league has been split into two regionalised divisions, Nord (north) and Süd (south). The Oberliga was originally founded in 1948 and is administered by the German Ice Hockey Federation (DEB).
Frenzel goggles
Frenzel goggles are a diagnostic tool used in ophthalmology, otolaryngology and audiovestibular medicine for the medical evaluation of involuntary eye movement (nystagmus). They are named after Frenzel, a German physician.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Toyota Tacoma
The Toyota Tacoma is a pickup truck manufactured by Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota since 1995. The first-generation Tacoma (model years 1995 through 2004) was classified as a compact pickup truck; subsequent models are classified as mid-size pickup trucks. The Tacoma was Motor Trend's Truck of the Year for 2005.

As of 2015, the Tacoma was sold in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Costa Rica, Bolivia, Bermuda, and the French overseas collectivity of New Caledonia. Most markets across the world receive the Toyota Hilux in lieu of the Tacoma.

The name "Tacoma" was derived from the Coast Salish peoples' name for Mount Rainier in the U.S. state of Washington.

Aisin
Aisin Corporation (株式会社アイシン, Kabushiki gaisha Aishin) is a Japanese corporation that develops and produces components and systems for the automotive industry. Aisin is a Fortune Global 500 company, ranked 359 on the 2020 rankings. Aisin is a member of the Toyota Group of companies.

Aisin was founded in 1965 and supplies engine, drivetrain, body and chassis, aftermarket, and other automotive parts for the Toyota Motor Corporation and other major OEMs.

In addition to automotive products, Aisin also offers life and amenity products (such as sewing machines and, from 1966 to 2020, mattresses), cogeneration and heat exchange systems, and welfare products, among others.
Milan Řehoř (ice hockey)
Milan Řehoř (born June 23, 1984) is a Czech professional ice hockey goaltender.

Řehoř made his Czech Extraliga debut playing with HC Oceláři Třinec during the 2008–09 Czech Extraliga season, playing one game whilst on loan from HC Dukla Jihlava of the 1st Czech Republic Hockey League. He signed for Piráti Chomutov of the 1st League in 2011 and played in the Czech Extraliga with the team the following season following their promotion. He would also play one game for HC Karlovy Vary and BK Mladá Boleslav in separate loan spells. He currently plays for fourth-tier side HHK Velké Meziříčí.

HC Dukla Jihlava
HC Dukla Jihlava, founded in 1956, is an ice hockey team in the Czech Republic.  It won the Czechoslovak Extraliga title 12 times: six consecutive championships beginning in 1967, then in 1974, four consecutive championships beginning in 1982, and again in 1991. As of 2019, HC Dukla Jihlava plays in the Czech 1. liga after being relegated from the Czech Extraliga in 2017–18.

Some of its prominent players have included Jaroslav Holík, Jiří Holík, Jan Klapáč, Jan Suchý, Ladislav Šmíd senior, Miloš Podhorský, Jan Hrbatý, Josef Augusta, Milan Chalupa, Jaroslav Benák, Petr Vlk, Libor Dolana, Igor Liba, Oldřich Válek, Dominik Hašek, Jiří Crha and Bedřich Ščerban.
Paul Harries
Paul Harries (born 19 October 1977) is an Australian footballer who played professionally in England.

After playing youth football at Wollongong Wolves, Harries began his senior career with Lysaghts in the Illawarra Premier League, before moving to the NSW Institute of Sport.

In 1997, Harries signed a one-year contract with Portsmouth.

Harries joined Crystal Palace in September 1998 on a free transfer.

Crystal Palace sent Harries on loan to Torquay United in February 1999.

Harries signed for the Football Kingz in September 2003. He played 12 times for the Auckland team during the 2003–04 National Soccer League season.

Harries rejoined Wollongong Wolves ahead of the 2005 New South Wales Premier League season.

Football Kingz FC
The Football Kingz were New Zealand's first professional football club. They played in the Australian National Soccer League from 1999 until their disestablishment in 2004, when they were replaced by the New Zealand Knights as an inaugural participant in the newly established Australian A-League.
Stage Bus Service Transformation
The Stage Bus Service Transformation (SBST) programme (Malay: Program Transformasi Bas Berhenti-Henti), commonly branded as BAS.MY (formerly known as myBAS, an abbreviation for Malaysia Bas Awam Sepadu), is a government initiative launched by the Ministry of Transport of Malaysia to enhance public bus networks in key state capitals and urban areas outside the Klang Valley. The programme is regulated by the Land Public Transport Agency (APAD) in Peninsular Malaysia, and the Commercial Vehicle Licensing Board (LPKP) in Sabah and Sarawak.

Klang Valley
2°40′54″N 101°39′41″E﻿ / ﻿2.68168°N 101.66127°E﻿ / 2.68168; 101.66127

Klang Valley (Malay: Lembah Klang) is an urban agglomeration in Malaysia centred on the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, along with their surrounding cities and towns in the state of Selangor. It is part of the larger Greater Kuala Lumpur metropolitan area.

The Klang Valley is geographically defined by the Titiwangsa Mountains to the east and the Strait of Malacca to the west. It stretches to Rawang in the northwest, Semenyih in the southeast and Klang and Port Klang in the southwest. The conurbation forms the core of Malaysia's industrial and commercial activity. As of 2022, the Klang Valley is home to around 9 million people, nearly one third of Malaysia's total population of 32 million.
Ecolab
Ecolab Inc. (formerly Economics Laboratory), headquartered in Saint Paul, Minnesota, provides products related to water treatment, sanitation, and hygiene, primarily to commercial and industrial customers.

The company is ranked 274th on the Fortune 500 and 569th on the Forbes Global 2000.

Hygiene
Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into the following: home and everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep hygiene, and food hygiene. Home and every day hygiene includes hand washing, respiratory hygiene, food hygiene at home, hygiene in the kitchen, hygiene in the bathroom, laundry hygiene, and medical hygiene at home.

While often equated with cleanliness in common usage, hygiene is a term encompassing the personal practices and environmental conditions that maintain health and prevent disease.
Stella Reid (footballer)
Stella Reid (born 10 September 2003) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Richmond Football Club in the AFL Women's (AFLW). Reid was drafted by Richmond with their first selection and fifth overall in the 2021 AFL Women's draft. She made her debut against St Kilda at RSEA Park in the first round of 2022 season 6.

2022 AFL Women's season 6
2022 AFL Women's season 6 was the sixth season of the AFL Women's (AFLW) competition, the highest-level senior women's Australian rules football competition in Australia. The season featured 14 clubs and ran from 7 January to 9 April, comprising a ten-round home-and-away season followed by a three-week finals series featuring the top six clubs. It was the first of two seasons to take place in the 2022 calendar year, with the competition's seventh season held from August to November.

Adelaide won the premiership, defeating Melbourne by 13 points in the 2022 AFL Women's season 6 Grand Final; it was Adelaide's third AFL Women's premiership. Adelaide also won the minor premiership by finishing atop the home-and-away ladder with a 9–1 win–loss record. Brisbane's Emily Bates won the AFL Women's best and fairest award as the league's best and fairest player, and Adelaide's Ashleigh Woodland won the AFL Women's leading goalkicker award as the league's leading goalkicker.
Copa de los Campeones de España
The Copa de los Campeones de España was a Spanish football competition, held once in September 1940 as a two-legged game between Club Atlético-Aviación (1939–40 La Liga winners) and RCD Español de Barcelona (1940 Copa del Generalísimo winners).

The first leg on 1 September was a 3–3 draw at the Sarrià Stadium in Barcelona, while the second two weeks later at the Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas was a 7–1 victory for Atlético, who were tenants at the ground following the destruction of their stadium in the Spanish Civil War.

It was the first super cup in Spanish football, however this competition is considered of a friendly nature and therefore unofficial; a view also shared by the Spanish football historian Ricardo Uribarri. The tournament was not repeated, but the format resumed in 1945 with the Copa de Oro Argentina, and two years later there was the first official version, the Copa Eva Duarte. This ended in 1953 and the current Supercopa de España began in 1982.

Sarrià Stadium
Sarrià Stadium (in Catalan: Estadi de Sarrià Catalan pronunciation: [əsˈtaði ðə səriˈa]; in Spanish: Estadio de Sarrià) was a football stadium in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The stadium was the home of RCD Espanyol from 1923 to 1997, and was located in the district of Sarrià.
Richard Judd
Richard Philip Judd (born 18 May 1992) is a New Zealand rugby union player who played for the Hurricanes in the Super Rugby competition. He also played for the San Diego Legion of Major League Rugby (MLR) in the U.S. 
He plays with Rugby Club Vannes.
His position of choice is scrum-half.

Hurricanes Poua
Hurricanes Poua are a New Zealand women's professional rugby union team based in Wellington, New Zealand that competes in the Super Rugby Aupiki competition. Hurricanes Poua cover a similar catchment area as the Hurricanes including the Farah Palmer Cup teams of Manawatū, and Wellington but excluding Hawke's Bay.
Emil Draitser
Emil Draitser (born 1937) is an author and professor of Russian at Hunter College in New York City. Besides seventeen books of artistic and scholarly prose, his essays and short stories have been published in the Los Angeles Times, Partisan Review, Kenyon Review, San Francisco Chronicle, World Literature Today, and many other American and Canadian periodicals. His fiction has also appeared in Russian, Polish, and Israeli journals. A three-time recipient of the New Jersey State Council on the Arts fellowships in writing and the prestigious Mark Aldanov International Literary Award, he has also received numerous grants for writing both fiction and non-fiction from the City University of New York. Draitser has given numerous public lectures and book talks at universities and cultural centers in the United States, Canada, the UK, Israel, Australia, New Zealand, and Russia.

North American Review
The North American Review (NAR) was the first literary magazine in the United States. It was founded in Boston in 1815 by poet William Tudor with the assistance of journalist Nathan Hale and others. It was published continuously until 1940, after which it was inactive until revived at Cornell College in Iowa under Robert Dana in 1964. Since 1968, the University of Northern Iowa in Cedar Falls has been home to the publication. Nineteenth-century archives are freely available via Cornell University's Making of America.
Dartmouth College traditions
The traditions of Dartmouth College, an American Ivy League college in Hanover, New Hampshire, are deeply entrenched in the student life of the institution and are well known nationally. Dartmouth's website counts the college's "special traditions" among its "essential elements", and in his inauguration address, former College president James E. Wright said that the school is "a place that is marked by strong traditions". Some of these traditions remain supported by the administration, while others are officially discouraged.

Hanover, New Hampshire
Hanover is a town located along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,870. The town is home to the Ivy League university  Dartmouth College, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, and Hanover High School. The Appalachian Trail crosses the town, connecting with a number of trails and nature preserves.

Most of the population resides in the Hanover census-designated place (CDP)—the main village of the town. Located at the junctions of New Hampshire routes 10, 10A, and 120, the Hanover CDP recorded a population of 9,078 people at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Lebanon–Claremont micropolitan area and also contains the smaller villages of Etna and Hanover Center.
HD 85859
HD 85859 is a single star in the equatorial constellation of Hydra. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.88, which is bright enough to be visible to the naked eye. The distance to this star, as estimated from its annual parallax shift of 12.6 mas, is 259 light years. It is moving away from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of 50.5 km/s.

The stellar classification of the visible component is K2+ III CN0.5, which matches an evolved K-type giant star with a mild overabundance of CN in the atmosphere. At the age of 4.34 billion years, it is a red clump star, which indicates it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. The star has 1.55 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 178 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,415 K.

Red clump
The red clump is a clustering of red giants in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram at around 5,000 K and absolute magnitude (MV) +0.5, slightly hotter than most red-giant-branch stars of the same luminosity.  It is visible as a denser region of the red-giant branch or a bulge towards hotter temperatures.  It is prominent in many galactic open clusters, and it is also noticeable in many intermediate-age globular clusters and in nearby field stars (e.g. the Hipparcos stars).

The red clump giants are cool horizontal branch stars, stars originally similar to the Sun which have undergone a helium flash and are now fusing helium in their cores.
2019 in Michigan
This article reviews 2019 in Michigan, including the state's office holders, performance of its sports teams and athletes, a chronology of the state's top news and sports stories, and a list of notable Michigan-related deaths.

The top stories in Michigan during 2019 included the Larry Nassar sex abuse scandal and the deaths of William Milliken, John Conyers, John Dingell, and Lee Iacocca.

Andy Levin
Andrew Saul Levin (born August 10, 1960) is an American attorney and politician who served as the U.S. representative from Michigan's 9th congressional district from 2019 to 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, Levin was elected to the House in 2018, succeeding his retiring father, Sander Levin. He is the nephew of Carl Levin, formerly Michigan's U.S. senator from 1979 to 2015.
Kevin Kiernan (geomorphologist)
Kevin Kiernan is an Australian writer, geomorphologist, and conservationist.

He has written about the West Coast Range and Mount Field National Park of Tasmania.

His honours thesis at the University of Tasmania was about glaciation in Western Tasmania.  His subsequent 1985 Phd thesis was concerned with glaciation in Central Tasmania.

In the 1980s he was involved in researching indigenous sites in caves in the South West of Tasmania, including Kutikina Cave

He was involved in various overviews of karst - cave environments of Tasmania, and other states of Australia.
He was an academic geomorphologist at the University of Tasmania.
He has written and co-authored about conservation of glacial landforms.

He was one of the individuals present at the change of the focus of the former South West Tasmania Action Committee that led to the founding of the Tasmanian Wilderness Society in 1976, and was the first director.

West Coast Range
The West Coast Range is a mountain range located in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia.

The range lies to the west and north of the main parts of the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park.

The range has had a significant number of  mines utilising the geologically rich zone of Mount Read Volcanics. A number of adjacent ranges lie to the east: the Engineer Range, the Raglan Range, the Eldon Range, and the Sticht Range but in most cases these are on a west–east alignment, while the West Coast Range runs in a north–south direction, following the Mount Read volcanic arc.

The range has encompassed multiple land uses including the catchment area for Hydro Tasmania dams, mines, transport routes and historical sites. Of the communities that have existed actually in the range itself, Gormanston is probably the last to remain.
Indios de Oriente
The Indios de Oriente was a baseball club which played from 1956 through 1964 in the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League. They played its home games at the Estadio Municipal de Puerto La Cruz in Anzoátegui, Venezuela.

Anzoátegui
Anzoátegui State (Spanish: Estado Anzoátegui, IPA: [esˈtaðo ansoˈateɣi]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela, located in the northeastern region of the country. Anzoátegui is well known for its beaches that attract many visitors. Its coast consists of a single beach approximately 100 km (62 mi) long. Its capital is the city of Barcelona, and significant cities include Puerto la Cruz and El Tigre.
Necum Teuch
Necum Teuch (pronounced nee-comm-taw) is a small rural community on the eastern shore of the  Halifax Regional Municipality Nova Scotia in the Musquodoboit/Sheet Harbour region of the Marine Drive on Trunk 7. The community is famous for the lifelike scarecrows created by Angela Smith Geddes, author of children's books, including "The Scarecrows of Necum Teuch", "Necum Teuch Notes", "The Shadow People", and several others.

Marine Drive (Nova Scotia)
The Marine Drive is a designated scenic route along Nova Scotia's Eastern Shore.  It closely follows the coast of the Atlantic Ocean and the Strait of Canso from the Canso Causeway to the junction of Route 322 and Highway 111 in  Dartmouth.
DXAL-TV
DXAL-TV, Channel 4 (analog) and Channel 16 (digital), is a commercial television station of ALLTV2. It is owned by Advanced Media Broadcasting System and operated under license agreement by ABS-CBN Corporation to  affiliates Kapamilya Channel. Its transmitter and master control are located at Macapagal Dr. (formerly Greenhills Rd.), Brgy. Bulua, Cagayan de Oro.

Kapamilya Channel
Kapamilya Channel (lit. 'Family member channel') is a 24-hour Filipino pay television channel owned and operated by ABS-CBN Corporation, a subsidiary of Lopez Holdings Corporation. Its headquarters is located at the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City and serves as the flagship television channel under the ABS-CBN media brand.

Kapamilya Channel launched on June 13, 2020, replacing the free-to-air ABS-CBN after its broadcast renewal franchise expired on May 5, 2020, and the eventual denial on July 10, 2020. The channel airs a mix of ABS-CBN programs, including those that aired before and after its launch.