hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kozukappara execution grounds
The Kozukappara execution grounds (小塚原刑場, Kozukappara keijō) were one of the three sites in the vicinity of Edo (the forerunner of present-day Tokyo, Japan) where the Tokugawa shogunate executed criminals in the Edo period. Alternate romanized spellings are Kozukahara and Kotsukappara.

The site is located in modern Minami Senju, Arakawa, Tokyo, a three-minute walk away from Minami-Senju Station. Located next to Enmeiji Temple, a large part of the grounds are now covered by railway tracks.

It is estimated that between 100,000 and 200,000 people were executed here. Those executed include Hashimoto Sanai and Yoshida Shōin, who were executed as a result of the Ansei Purge.

Sugita Genpaku, Nakagawa Jun'an, Katsuragawa Hoshū and their colleagues studied anatomy by conducting dissections at Kozukappara.

Kozukappara began operation in 1651, and continued until the Meiji period. Executions were stopped in an attempt to convince Western powers to end the unequal treaties with Japan.

Convention of Kanagawa
The Convention of Kanagawa, also known as the Kanagawa Treaty (神奈川条約, Kanagawa Jōyaku) or the Japan–US Treaty of Peace and Amity (日米和親条約, Nichibei Washin Jōyaku), was a treaty signed between the United States and the Tokugawa Shogunate on March 31, 1854. Signed under threat of force, it effectively meant the end of Japan's 220-year-old policy of national seclusion (sakoku) by opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American vessels. It also ensured the safety of American castaways and established the position of an American consul in Japan. The treaty precipitated the signing of similar treaties establishing diplomatic relations with other Western powers.
Herringshaw
Herringshaw is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Herringshaw (1892–1974), English cricketer

Thomas William Herringshaw (1858–1927), American journalist, publisher, genealogist, and biographical author

John Herringshaw
John Percy Herringshaw (22 May 1892 – 13 November 1974) was an English cricketer.  Herringshaw was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox.  He was born at Derby, Derbyshire.

Herringshaw made his first-class debut for Essex against Northamptonshire in the 1921 County Championship.  He made eight further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1922 County Championship. He scored a total of 94 runs in these nine matches at an average of 10.44, with a high score of 18. With the ball, he took 9 wickets at a bowling average of 55.33, with best figures of 2/48.

He died at Yapton, Sussex on 13 November 1974.
Zuraida Md Noor
Zuraida binti Md Noor is a Malaysian politician who has served as Deputy Member of the Terengganu State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under Menteri Besar Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar and Member Maliaman Kassim as well as Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Ladang since August 2023. She is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the PN coalition and formerly Gagasan Sejahtera (GS) coalitions.

Terengganu State Legislative Assembly
The Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Terengganu) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Terengganu. It consists of 32 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and are customarily held alongside elections to the federal parliament during a general election.

The State Assembly convenes at the Wisma Darul Iman in the state capital, Kuala Terengganu.

All 32 seats are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition after the 2023 state election, effectively making it a one-party state. Within the coalition, the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) holds 27 seats while the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) holds 5 seats. The PN coalition  commands a supermajority in the assembly.
Olenus (Aetolia)
Olenus or Olenos (Ancient Greek: Ὤλενος) was a town in the south of ancient Aetolia, between the Achelous River and the Evenus River. It was named after an Olenus, a son of Zeus or Hephaestus, and is mentioned in the Homeric Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. It was situated near Pleuron, at the foot of Mount Aracynthus; but its exact site is uncertain. It is said to have been destroyed by the Aeolians; and there were only a few traces of it in the time of Strabo. The Roman poets use Olenius as equivalent to Aetolian: thus Tydeus of Calydon in Aetolia is called Olenius Tydeus.

Catalogue of Ships
The Catalogue of Ships (Ancient Greek: νεῶν κατάλογος, neōn katálogos) is an epic catalogue in Book 2 of Homer's Iliad (2.494–759), which lists the contingents of the Achaean army that sailed to Troy. The catalogue gives the names of the leaders of each contingent, lists the settlements in the kingdom represented by the contingent, sometimes with a descriptive epithet that fills out a half-verse or articulates the flow of names and parentage and place, and gives the number of ships required to transport the men to Troy, offering further differentiations of weightiness. A similar, though shorter, Catalogue of the Trojans and their allies follows (2.816–877). A similar catalogue appears in the Pseudo-Apollodoran Bibliotheca.
Sascha Plöderl
Sascha Plöderl (born 1 January 1973) is an Austrian auto racing driver, best known for competing in five rounds of the 2005 FIA World Touring Car Championship. He drove a Ford Focus ST170 for the independent RS-Line IPZ Racing Team. His best finish was a twenty-second place at Oschersleben.

Previous racing included drives in the 1999 Austrian Formula Ford Season, the Austrian Touring Car Championship between 2001 and 2003, and he also raced in the German Renault Clio Cup in 2004. After the WTCC he has competed in rally events for IPZ in a Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution. Plöderl has also raced in the ADAC Procar Series.

Motorsport Arena Oschersleben
The Motorsport Arena Oschersleben is a 3.696 km (2.297 mi) long race track with a width of 11–13 m (12–14 yd) and elevation changes of 23 m (75 ft). The circuit is located in Oschersleben, Börde, approximately 30 km (19 mi) from Magdeburg, Germany. Its fairly flat contours create a smooth, fast circuit.

Opened on 25 July 1997 as Motopark Oschersleben, it was Germany's fourth permanent racecourse, after Nürburgring, Hockenheimring and Sachsenring.

Motorsport Arena Oschersleben was a venue for FIA's European Touring Car Championship from 2001 to 2004 and the World Touring Car Championship from 2005 to 2011.
Wasdale Horseshoe
The Wasdale Horseshoe is a group of hills on the eastern fringe of the English Lake District, to the west of the A6, south of Shap, Cumbria. They surround the valley of Wasdale Beck, a tributary of Birk Beck and ultimately of the River Lune. The horseshoe is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. This Wasdale should not be confused with the better known Wasdale, containing Wast Water, on the west of the Lake District.

Wainwright's clockwise walk starts from the highest point of the A6 at 1,400 feet (430 m).  The summits reached are Whatshaw Common at 1,593 feet (486 m), Little Yarlside at 1,691 feet (515 m), Great Yarlside (the third highest of the Outlying Fells) at 1,986 feet (605 m) and Wasdale Pike at 1,852 feet (564 m).

Wasdale Pike is within the Shap Fells area, which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Shap Fells
Shap Fells is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) part of which is within the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. It is located near the eastern boundary of the park, with one section to the west of the A6 road and another section to the east of this road. Throughout the protected area there are areas of blanket bog. Shap Fells was designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest because of the range of acid grassland types, the diversity of upland birds and also because of geological features. Shap Pink Quarry is included in the western section of this protected area

Cumbria Wildlife Trust has been involved in restoring the hydrology of Shap Fells in order to restore the peatland.

Part of the land within the SSSI is owned by United Utilities.
Robert E. Caselli
Robert Eugene Caselli (born December 3, 1927) is an American politician and teacher from South Dakota. He served as a Democratic member of the South Dakota House of Representatives for South Dakota's 12th legislative district.

South Dakota's 12th legislative district
South Dakota's 12th legislative district is one of 35 districts in the South Dakota Legislature. Each district is represented by 1 senator and 2 representatives. In the Senate, it has been represented by Republican Arch Beal since 2015. In the House, it has been represented by Republicans
Amber Arlint since 2023 and Greg Jamison since 2021.
Adékambi Olufadé
Adékambi Olufadé (born 7 January 1980 in Lomé) is a former Togolese football midfielder of Nigerian descent.

He was a member of the national team, and was called up to the 2006 World Cup.

His first name is sometimes written Adekanmi or Adekamni, but it should normally be Adékambi.

Lomé
Lomé (UK: /ˈloʊmeɪ/ LOH-may, US: /loʊˈmeɪ/ loh-MAY) is the capital and largest city of Togo. It has an urban population of 837,437 while there were 2,188,376 permanent residents in its metropolitan area as of the 2022 census. Located on the Gulf of Guinea at the southwest corner of the country, with its entire western border along the easternmost edge of Ghana's Volta Region, Lomé is the country's administrative and industrial center, which includes an oil refinery. It is also the country's chief port, from where it exports coffee, cocoa, copra, and oil palm kernels.

Its city limits extends to the border with Ghana, located a few hundred meters west of the city center, to the Ghanaian city of Aflao and the South Ketu district where the city is situated, had 160,756 inhabitants in 2010. The cross-border agglomeration of which Lomé is the centre has about 2 million inhabitants as of 2020.
Ice hockey at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's ice hockey tournament was one of four ice hockey events contested as part of the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangneung, South Korea. The tournament was held from 27 to 31 January at the Gangneung Hockey Centre. Teams comprising players born in 2008 and 2009 represented six nations in the tournament: Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Slovakia, United States, and host South Korea.

Gangneung Hockey Centre
Gangneung Hockey Centre (Korean: 강릉 아이스하키 경기장) is an indoor arena located in the coastal city of Gangneung, South Korea. The arena was one of the two venues for the ice hockey events at the 2018 Winter Olympics, serving as the main venue for the men's tournament and medal matches. It also hosted the ice sledge hockey competition during the 2018 Winter Paralympics.

The cost of construction for the venue was estimated to be 108 billion won (about $90 million US). Construction started in July 2014 and was completed in March 2017.

Korea Ice Hockey Association president Chung Mong-won stated a desire for the Gangneung Hockey Centre to become the focus of ice hockey in Korea, and to leave an Olympic Games legacy. He said, "My dream is to turn Gangneung into a hockey town. I hope to see the day when people think of Gangneung, they'll think of hockey". In 2019, the Korea Ice Hockey Association voted to run its national development programs in Gangneung.
Mainville (surname)
Mainville is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Louis-Pierre Mainville (born 1986), Canadian volleyball player

Pierre Mainville, Canadian politician

Sandrine Mainville (born 1992), Canadian swimmer

Louis-Pierre Mainville
Louis-Pierre Mainville (born (1986-04-03)3 April 1986) is a Canadian male volleyball player. He was part of the Canada men's national volleyball team at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship in Italy. He played for Team Canada.  He currently lives with his wife and three sons in Hamilton, ON. He is also currently the Director of Athlete Development for the Ontario Volleyball Association.
Roberto Miranda Moreno
Roberto Francisco Miranda Moreno (born 1955) is a Mexican General officer who served as the last chief of the Estado Mayor Presidencial (EMP), the institution charged with protecting and safeguarding the President of Mexico and the First Lady of Mexico. The institution was disbanded on December 1, 2018, by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.

First ladies and gentlemen of Mexico
The first lady of Mexico (Spanish: Primera Dama de México) or first gentleman of Mexico (Spanish: Primer Caballero de México) is the informal title held by the spouse of the president of Mexico, concurrent with the president's term of office.

The position has no legal foundation and was originally started as a courtesy title. However, several holders of the title have taken on ceremonial roles during the presidential tenure of their spouses and have used the position to advocate for various causes.

Jesús María Tarriba is the current First Gentleman of Mexico as the husband of President Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo.
Affirm Films
Affirm Films is an American independent Christian film studio producing, marketing, and acquiring faith-based films. A subsidiary of Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions, the studio's highest-grossing faith-based dramas are Miracles from Heaven and War Room. Its films have collectively grossed over $577 million in worldwide box office receipts.

Film studio
A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company that makes films. Today, studios are mostly financing and distribution entities. In addition, they may have their own studio facility or facilities; however, most firms in the entertainment industry have never had their own studios, but have rented space from other companies instead. Day-to-day filming operations are generally handled by a production company subsidiary.

Another type of company is an independently owned studio facility, which does not produce motion pictures by itself; such facilities only sell studio space.
Peter the Great: The Testament
Peter the Great: The Testament is a Russian TV series about Peter the Great, made in 2011 and based on the novel by Daniil Granin's Evenings with Peter the Great.
The film was produced by Studio 2-B-2 entertainment and was shown on Rossiya 1, the Russian TV channel and NBC, the American TV channel..

Catherine I of Russia
Catherine I (born Marta Helena Skowrońska; Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна Михайлова; 15 April 1684 - 17 May 1727) was Empress of Russia from 1725 to 1727. She was previously empress consort of Russia from 1721 to 1725 as the second wife of Peter the Great, and tsaritsa consort from 1712 to 1721.
Long Iram
Long Iram (Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈlɔŋ ˈiram]) is a district of West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. As of 2023, it was inhabited by 7,661 people, and currently has a total area of 1,459.45 km2. Its district seat is located at the village of Long Iram Kota.

Long Iram shares borders with Long Hubung (Mahakam Ulu) to the north, Linggang Bigung to the west, and Tering to the south and east.

West Kutai Regency
West Kutai Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kutai Barat) is a regency (kabupaten) in the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan. It previously covered a much greater area, with a population of 165,091 at the 2010 Census, but on 11 January 2013 the five northernmost districts were split off to form a new Mahakam Ulu Regency; the residual area of West Kutai Regency is 20,384.6 km2, and it had a population of 140,097 at the 2010 Census, and 165,938 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 186,581 (comprising 98,069 males and 88,512 females). The town of Sendawar is the administrative capital.
Halki seminary
The Halki seminary, formally the Theological School of Halki (Greek: Θεολογική Σχολή Χάλκης and Turkish: Ortodoks Ruhban Okulu), was founded on 1 October 1844 on the island of Halki (Turkish: Heybeliada), the second-largest of the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara. It was the main school of theology of the Eastern Orthodox Church's Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople until the Turkish parliament enacted a law banning private higher education institutions in 1971. The theological school is located at the top of the island's Hill of Hope, on the site of the Byzantine-era Monastery of the Holy Trinity. The premises of the school continue to be maintained by the monastery and are used to host conferences. It is possible to visit the island where it is located via boat in approximately one hour from the shore of Istanbul. An international campaign to reopen this theological school is ongoing.

Sea of Marmara
The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora, the Marmara Sea or Propontis /prəˈpɒntɪs/ (ancient Greek: Προποντίς /pro.ponˈdis/), is a small inland sea entirely within the borders of Turkey. It links the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, separating Turkey's European and Asian sides. It has an area of 11,350 km2 (4,380 sq mi), and its dimensions are 280 km × 80 km (174 mi × 50 mi). Its greatest depth is 1,370 m (4,490 ft).
Freedom Bloc (Azerbaijan)
Freedom (Azadlıq) was an electoral alliance of the Musavat (Müsavat Partiyası), the Azerbaijan Popular Front Party (Azərbaycan Xalq Cəbhəsi Partiyası) and the Azerbaijan Democratic Party (Azərbaycan Demokrat Partiyası).

In the 2005 Azerbaijan parliamentary elections, held on 6 November 2005, it won only 7 out of 125 seats.

2005 Azerbaijani parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Azerbaijan on 6 November 2005. The ruling New Azerbaijan Party (NAP) won 61 of the 125 seats in the National Assembly.

The elections were not free and fair. Opposition parties were intimidated during the election, campaign workers for opposition parties were imprisoned, and there were allegations of vote-rigging. The coverage by media, whether state-run or private, was overwhelmingly pro-government. Dissident media stations were shut down and journalists were repressed. Freedom of assembly was restricted, preventing opposition parties from holding rallies. Workers were threatened with dismissal unless they voted for the incumbent government. In 2010, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that the Aliyev regime had engaged in electoral fraud.
Secrear
"Secrear" (セクレアール, Sekureāru) is a song recorded by Japanese singer Maaya Sakamoto. It was released by FlyingDog as an exclusively digital single on October 30, 2013. The song was written by Natsumi and composed and arranged by Solaya. It is the theme song to the Monster Hunter Frontier G, on which it is performed in-game by the character of Diva.

FlyingDog
FlyingDog, Inc. (株式会社フライングドッグ, Kabushiki-gaisha Furaingu Doggu), also stylized as flying DOG, is a Japanese record label formerly known as the Victor Entertainment subsidiary M-serve (stylized as m-serve), founded in 1997. FlyingDog is a record label that specializes in the production of animation-related video and music software.
Talat Khwan, Nonthaburi
Talat Khwan (Thai: ตลาดขวัญ, pronounced [tā.làːt kʰwǎn]) is one of the ten subdistricts (tambon) of Mueang Nonthaburi District, in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. The subdistrict is bounded by (clockwise from north) Bang Kraso, Bang Khen and Suan Yai subdistricts. The whole area of the subdistrict is covered by Nonthaburi City Municipality (เทศบาลนครนนทบุรี). In 2020 it had a total population of 47,695 people.

Nonthaburi province
Nonthaburi is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946), which came into force on 9 May 1946 (Thursday).

Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Bangkok, and Nakhon Pathom. Nonthaburi is the most densely populated province after Bangkok. The Bang Kwang Central Prison is in the province.
Venkatapura, Lingasugur
Venkatapura is a village near Maski in the Lingasugur taluk of Raichur district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Venkatapura is a Neolithic period site. 45 Cairns were found in the hills south to the village. 
Some of these cairns are 50 meters in diameter. Some are found in rings and pairs.
Venkatapura is 5 km from Maski town.

Cairn
A cairn is a human-made pile (or stack) of stones raised for a purpose, usually as a marker or as a burial mound. The word cairn comes from the Irish: carn [ˈkʰaːrˠn̪ˠ] (plural cairn [ˈkʰaːrˠɲ]).

Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes. In prehistory, they were raised as markers, as memorials and as burial monuments, some of which contained chambers.

In the modern era, cairns are often raised as landmarks, especially to mark the summits of mountains, and as trail markers. They vary in size from small piles of stones to entire artificial hills, and in complexity from loose conical rock piles to elaborate megalithic structures. Cairns may be painted or otherwise decorated, whether for increased visibility or for religious reasons.
1996 Little League World Series
The 1996 Little League World Series took place between August 19 and August 24 in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The Fu-Hsing Little League of Kaohsiung, Taiwan, defeated Cranston Western Little League of Cranston, Rhode Island, in the championship game of the 50th Little League World Series.

Cranston, Rhode Island
Cranston, formerly known as Pawtuxet, is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The official population of the city in the 2020 United States Census was 82,934, making it the second-largest city in the state. The center of population of Rhode Island is located in Cranston. Cranston is a part of the Providence metropolitan area.

The Town of Cranston was created in 1754 from a portion of Providence north of the Pawtuxet River. After losing much of its territory to neighboring towns and the city of Providence, Cranston itself became a city on March 10, 1910.
HD 139357
HD 139357 is a 6th magnitude K-type giant star located approximately 370 light years from Earth, visible in the constellation Draco. Its mass is four thirds that of the Sun but its radius is 11.47 times larger. However, despite being a giant star, it is only 3.07 billion years old, which is younger than the Sun.

It hosts a substellar companion with a minimum mass of 9.76 MJ, discovered in 2009. A 2022 study estimated the true mass of HD 139357 b at about 16.38 MJ via astrometry, although this estimate is poorly constrained. If this is the true mass, the object would be a brown dwarf.

Minimum mass
In astronomy, minimum mass is the lower-bound calculated mass of observed objects such as planets, stars, binary systems, nebulae, and black holes.

Minimum mass is a widely cited statistic for extrasolar planets detected by the radial velocity method or Doppler spectroscopy, and is determined using the binary mass function. This method reveals planets by measuring changes in the movement of stars in the line-of-sight, so the real orbital inclinations and true masses of the planets are generally unknown.  This is a result of sin i degeneracy.

If inclination i can be determined, the true mass can be obtained from the calculated minimum mass using the following relationship: