hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya
Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (19 November 1918 – 8 May 1993) was an Indian Marxist philosopher. He made contributions to the exploration of the materialist current in ancient Indian philosophy. He is known for Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism, which is his exposition of the philosophy of Lokayata. He is also known for work on history of science and scientific method in ancient India, especially his 1977 book Science and Society in Ancient India on the ancient physicians Charaka and Sushruta. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour, posthumously, in 1998.

Joseph Needham
Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (/ˈniːdəm/; 9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995) was a British biochemist, historian of science and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science and technology, initiating publication of the multivolume Science and Civilisation in China. He called attention to what has come to be known as the Needham Question, of why and how China had ceded its leadership in science and technology to Western countries.

He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1941 and a fellow of the British Academy in 1971. In 1992, Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the Order of the Companions of Honour, and the Royal Society noted he was the only living person to hold these three titles.
Belgian apologies to the Congo
Belgian apologies to the Congo are the subject of a societal debate in Belgium over the expression of apologies for the role that country has played in the atrocities that have been committed in the Congo Free State (or the Independent State of Congo) and the Belgian Congo between 1885 and 1960, and the colony of Ruanda-Urundi (1924–1962).

In the 21st century, several Belgian government agencies and representatives have apologised for various aspects of the Belgian colonial rule in the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi, especially since 2018. Discussions continue on what kind of apologies for which matters would be appropriate and who should express them, or in which cases it would not be necessary. In addition, it is discussed how to best deal with the colonial material and intangible heritage, including statues, street names, and the organisation of museums.

Philippe of Belgium
Philippe or Filip (born 15 April 1960) is King of the Belgians.

Philippe is the eldest child of King Albert II and Queen Paola. He succeeded his father upon the former's abdication for health reasons on 21 July 2013. He married Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz in 1999, with whom he has four children. Their eldest child, Princess Elisabeth, is first in the line of succession.
Knut T. Giæver
Knut Torvald Giæver (10 June 1926 – 4 March 2015) was a Norwegian publisher.

He was born in Oslo, and was a brother of Jo Giæver Tenfjord. He was assigned director of the book sales club Den norske Bokklubben from 1964 to 1991. During his period the number of club members (including subsidiaries) reached about 600,000. He chaired Norske Siviløkonomers Forening from 1970 to 1974, and has been chairman of the board of Norsk Form, and board member of Nationaltheatret.

Giæver died on 4 March 2015, at the age of 88.

Econa
Econa (formerly Siviløkonomene) is a Norwegian trade union for business administrators. With 20,000 members and affiliation with the Federation of Norwegian Professional Associations, it only accepts people with a master's level education in business administration, or the siviløkonom degree.
Vietnam's Next Top Model season 7
Vietnam's Next Top Model, Cycle 7 is  the seventh season of Vietnam's Next Top Model. It premiered on July 17, 2016 on VTV3. For the fourth time, males were still featured as part of the show. This year, host Phạm Thị Thanh Hằng and Samuel Hoàng reprised their roles in the judging panel. Fashion designer Lý Quí Khánh and fashion stylist & Editor-in-Chief of Đẹp Magazine Hà Đỗ were introduced as new judges. This season's theme is: "Break The Rules: #PhaBoMoiGioiHan".

The winner was 22 year-old Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Châu from Tây Ninh.

Tây Ninh
Tây Ninh (listenⓘ) is a formerly provincial city in Southeastern Vietnam. The new provincial capital is located in Long An Ward, Tây Ninh Province (formerly as Tân An City, Long An Province). Tây Ninh is one of nine provinces and cities in the Southern Key Economic Region (Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area). Tây Ninh is approximately 90 km (55 miles) northwest of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city of Vietnam, and 182 km (113 miles) to Phnom Penh, capital of Cambodia; all by National Route 22. As of 2019, the city had a population of 135,254 over the provincial population of 1,169,165 on a total area of 140 km2 (54 sq mi).
Starye Kotlitsy
Starye Kotlitsy (Russian: Старые Котлицы) is a rural locality (a village) in Kovarditskoye Rural Settlement, Muromsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 34 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
Tom Murphy (Newfoundland politician)
Thomas J. Murphy (May 3, 1937 – August 29, 2018) was a Canadian politician from Newfoundland. He represented St. John's South in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1989 to 1996.

The son of Richard Murphy, he was born in St. John's and was educated at Saint Mary's University. In 1981, Murphy married Gloria Grimes. Murphy was president of the Canadian Society of Safety Engineering.

Murphy was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1989, winning by only two votes; he was reelected in 1993. He was defeated by Tom Osborne when he ran for reelection in 1996.

From August 26, 1994 to January 26, 1996, he was the Minister of Employment and Labour Relations.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Kyoji Yamamoto
Kyoji Yamamoto (Japanese: 山本 恭司, Hepburn: Yamamoto Kyōji; born March 23, 1956, in Matsue, Shimane, Japan) is a Japanese musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer who is the leader of the hard rock/heavy metal bands Bow Wow (known as Vow Wow for a period of time) and Wild Flag. He is known for his skillful guitar playing, with former bandmate Neil Murray calling him one of the top Japanese guitarists, and was one of the first hard rock guitarist to use the tapping technique. Yamamoto often uses 24-fret Yamaha HR guitars.

Matsue
Matsue (Japanese: 松江市, Hepburn: Matsue-shi) is the capital city of Shimane Prefecture, Japan, located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 196,748 in 91287 households and a population density of 340 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 572.99 square kilometres (221.23 sq mi). Matsue is home to the  Tokugawa-era Matsue Castle, one of the last surviving feudal castles in Japan.
Murieston Castle
55°51′19″N 3°31′08″W﻿ / ﻿55.8552°N 3.5190°W﻿ / 55.8552; -3.5190

Murieston Castle is a ruined tower house, dating from the 16th century, 2 miles (3.2 km) west of West Calder, west of the Murieston Water, at Murieston Castle Farm, West Lothian, Scotland. It is a scheduled monument and between 1971 and 2018 it was a Category B listed building.

Tower house
A tower house is a particular type of stone structure, built for defensive purposes as well as habitation. Tower houses began to appear in the Middle Ages, especially in mountainous or limited access areas, to command and defend strategic points with reduced forces. At the same time, they were also used as an aristocrat's residence, around which a castle town was often constructed.
Total conversation
Total conversation is an ITU standard of simultaneous video, voice and text service in telecommunications. Total conversation allows people in two or more locations to: (a) see each other, (b) hear each other, and (c) conduct a text interaction (real-time text) with each other, or choose to communicate with any combination of those three modes and to do so in real-time.

The standard was defined in ITU-T recommendation F.703 of 2000 as "an audiovisual conversation service providing bidirectional symmetric real-time transfer of motion video, text and voice between users in two or more locations".

ITU-T
The International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is one of the three Sectors (branches) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is responsible for coordinating standards for telecommunications and Information Communication Technology, such as X.509 for cybersecurity, Y.3172 and Y.3173 for machine learning, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC for video compression, between its Member States, Private Sector Members, and Academia Members.

The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), the sector's governing conference, convenes every four years.

ITU-T has a permanent secretariat called the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB), which is based at the ITU headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The current director of the TSB is Seizo Onoe (of Japan), whose 4-year term commenced on 1 January 2023. Seizo Onoe succeeded Chaesub Lee of South Korea, who was director from 1 January 2015 until 31 December 2022.
The Innkeeper's Daughter
The Innkeeper's Daughter is an 1817 stage melodrama by the British writer George Soane. It was loosely based on the ballad Mary the Maid of the Inn by Robert Southey. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 7 April 1817. The original cast included Henry Gattie as Frankland, James William Wallack as Richard, Thomas Cooke as Hans Ketzler, Frances Maria Kelly as Mary and Sarah Harlowe as Marian. The music was composed by Thomas Simpson Cooke. Its Irish debut was at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 19 January 1818.

Robert Southey
Robert Southey (/ˈsaʊði, ˈsʌði/; 12 August 1774 – 21 March 1843) was an English poet of the Romantic school, and Poet Laureate from 1813 until his death. Like the other Lake Poets, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Southey began as a radical but became steadily more conservative as he gained respect for Britain and its institutions. Other romantics such as Byron accused him of siding with the establishment for money and status. He is remembered especially for the poem "After Blenheim" and the original version of "Goldilocks and the Three Bears".
Algésiras-class ship of the line
The Algésiras class consisted of five second-rank, 90-gun, steam-powered ships of the line built for the French Navy in the 1850s. Most of the ships participated in the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859 or the Second French intervention in Mexico in the 1860s. Beginning in the mid-1860s, they were decommissioned or converted into troopships before being scrapped beginning in the early 1870s.

Second-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a second-rate was a ship of the line which by the start of the 18th century mounted 90 to 98 guns on three gun decks; earlier 17th-century second rates had fewer guns and were originally two-deckers or had only partially armed third gun decks. A "second rate" was the second largest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.

They were essentially smaller and hence cheaper versions of the 100-gun first-rates. Like the first rates, they fought in the line of battle, but unlike the first rates, which were considered too valuable to risk in distant stations, the second rates often served also in major overseas stations as flagships. They had a reputation for poor handling and slow sailing. They were popular as flagships of admirals commanding the Windward and/or Leeward Islands station, which was usually a Rear-admiral of the red.
1992 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix
The 1992 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Filderstadt Tennis Centre in Filderstadt, Germany and was part of the Tier II of the 1992 WTA Tour. It was the 15th edition of the tournament and was held from 12 October to 18 October 1992. On her 36th birthday third-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title, her sixth at the event, and earned $70,000 first-prize money.

Filderstadt
Filderstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪldɐˌʃtat] ⓘ; Swabian: Fildorsdadd) is a town in the district of Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is located approximately 13 km south of Stuttgart.

Filderstadt is located next to the Stuttgart Airport and the new Trade Fair. Line S2 of the Stuttgart S-Bahn terminates at Filderstadt station.

Filderstadt was created as a town in 1975 from five smaller villages called Bernhausen, Bonlanden, Plattenhardt, Sielmingen and Harthausen.

From 1978 to 2005, it played host to the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix, a WTA Tier II event.

Princess Claire of Luxembourg was born here on 21 March 1985.

German writer Michael Ende, author of The Neverending Story, died in Filderstadt in 1995.
The Report (2019 film)
The Report (styled as The Torture Report) is a 2019 American historical political drama film written and directed by Scott Z. Burns that stars Adam Driver, Annette Bening, Jon Hamm, Ted Levine, Michael C. Hall, Tim Blake Nelson, Corey Stoll, and Maura Tierney.

It depicts the efforts of staffer Daniel Jones as he led the Senate Intelligence Committee's investigation of the Central Intelligence Agency's use of torture following the September 11th attacks, covering more than a decade's worth of real-life political intrigue related to the contents, creation, and release of the 6,700-pages of the U.S. Senate report on CIA torture.

The film had its world premiere at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival on January 26, 2019. It was released in theaters in the United States by Amazon Studios on November 15, 2019, two weeks before it began streaming on Amazon Prime on November 29. Critical reviews of the film were generally positive.

Amazon Prime
Amazon Prime (styled as prime) is a paid subscription service of Amazon which is available in many countries and gives users access to additional services otherwise unavailable or available at a premium to other Amazon customers. Founded on February 2, 2005, services include logistics through same, one- or two-day delivery of goods, healthcare through the optional perk of One Medical primary care services, entertainment through streaming music, video, e-books, gaming, and grocery shopping services. In April 2021, Amazon reported that Prime had 200 million subscribers worldwide.
Mollie Lindén
Mollie Maxine Lindén, (born 6 March 1996) is a Swedish singer, mostly known as Idol 2014 participant. Lindén also auditioned for X Factor in 2012 which was broadcast on TV4 and made it to the bootcamp round before being eliminated. During 2014 she auditioned for Idol also broadcast on TV4, where she made it to the Top 11 and later to the final at Globen Arena. During her time at Idol she also released the music single "Losing Myself Without You" which was specially written for her during the series.

On 5 December 2014, Lindén was placed second in the Idol 2014 finale against the eventual winner Lisa Ajax.

In 2011, when Lindén was fifteen years old she participated in the television show "Kvällen är din" hosted by Martin Stenmarck. There she sang a duet with James Blunt.

In 2017, she changed her artist name from Mollie Lindén to Mollie Minot.

X Factor (Swedish TV series)
X Factor was the Swedish version of The X Factor, with the only season of the series debuting on September 9, 2012 and ending on December 7, 2012. The winner of the series was Awa Santesson-Sey. TV4 announced in January 2013 that Idol, another singing talent show seeking to discover the best singer through nationwide auditions, would return in 2013 and that X Factor would not continue.
2016 Dow Corning Tennis Classic – Doubles
Julie Coin and Emily Webley-Smith were the defending champions, but Coin retired from professional tennis at the end of 2015. Webley-Smith partnered Riko Sawayanagi, but they lost in the first round.

Wildcards Catherine Bellis and Ingrid Neel won the title, defeating Naomi Broady and Shelby Rogers in the final, 6–2, 6–4.

Julie Coin
Julie Coin (French pronunciation: [ʒyli kwɛ̃]; born 2 December 1982) is a retired French tennis player.

Coin recorded the biggest win of her career by defeating the then-world No. 1 ranked Ana Ivanovic at the 2008 US Open. Her career-high singles ranking is world No. 60, achieved on 27 July 2009. She peaked at No. 49 in the doubles rankings on 19 April 2010.
Fredrikstad Bryggeri
Fredrikstad Bryggeri, formerly Fredriksstad Bryggeri, was a brewery based in Fredrikstad, Norway, operating between 1877 and 2001.

It was established on 12 June 1877, mainly backed by the city's timber merchant capital. Carl Johan Kiønig was the first managing director, serving until 1921, and Mads Wiel Stang the first chairman.

In 1980, Fredrikstad Bryggeri bought out its competitor in Fredrikstad, Brynildsen, where soft drink production ceased. Fredrikstad Bryggeri's competitor in the neighboring city Sarpsborg, Borg Bryggerier, was also a party in the acquisition, and there were talks about merging the remaining breweries. In 1989 Fredrikstad Bryggeri was merged with Borg. The brewery itself continued to produce beer until it too was closed in 2001. The brand Fredrikstad Bryggeri was still used for a pilsener beer and a Christmas beer, but would be produced at Borg in Sarpsborg.

Pilsner
Pilsner (also pilsener or simply pils) is a type of pale lager. It takes its name from the Bohemian city of Plzeň (German: Pilsen), where the world's first pale lager (now known as Pilsner Urquell) was produced in 1842 by Pilsner Urquell Brewery.
8-cube
In geometry, an 8-cube is an eight-dimensional hypercube. It has 256 vertices, 1024 edges, 1792 square faces, 1792 cubic cells, 1120 tesseract 4-faces, 448 5-cube 5-faces, 112 6-cube 6-faces, and 16 7-cube 7-faces.

It is represented by Schläfli symbol {4,36}, being composed of 3 7-cubes around each 6-face. It is called an octeract, a portmanteau of tesseract (the 4-cube) and oct for eight (dimensions) in Greek. It can also be called a regular hexadeca-8-tope or hexadecazetton, being an 8-dimensional polytope constructed from 16 regular facets.

It is a part of an infinite family of polytopes, called hypercubes. The dual of an 8-cube can be called an 8-orthoplex and is a part of the infinite family of cross-polytopes.

Edge (geometry)
In geometry, an edge is a particular type of line segment joining two vertices in a polygon, polyhedron, or higher-dimensional polytope. In a polygon, an edge is a line segment on the boundary, and is often called a polygon side. In a polyhedron or more generally a polytope, an edge is a line segment where two faces (or polyhedron sides) meet. A segment joining two vertices while passing through the interior or exterior is not an edge but instead is called a diagonal.

An edge may also be an infinite line separating two half-planes.
The sides of a plane angle are semi-infinite half-lines (or rays).
Mizoram Premier League
The Mizoram Premier League (also known as GIG MOTORS Mizoram Premier League for sponsorship reasons) is the highest state-level football league in Mizoram, India. On a national scale, it is the 5th tier of Indian football league system. The competition is conducted by the Mizoram Football Association, the official football body of Mizoram, with Tetea Hmar as its secretary and key promoter. The league started on 24 October 2012 for the first time.

Indian football league system
The Indian football league system is the league structure of football club competitions in India. The highest level of men's club football competition is the Indian Super League. Indian Women's League, founded in 2016, is the highest level of women's football club competition in India.
2015 World Draughts Championship
The 2015 World Draughts Championship in international draughts was held from 8–24 November, 2015 at the Hotel ten Cate in Emmen, Netherlands. The championship was played under the auspices of the International Draughts Federation (FMJD) as a round-robin tournament with 20 players (19 rounds). The total prize money for the tournament was 25,000 euros.

Alexander Georgiev became World Draughts Champion for the ninth time.

Alexander Georgiev
Alexander Sergeyevich Georgiev (Russian: Александр Серге́евич Георгиев; born 17 July 1975) is a Russian draughts player. He won the world championship in international draughts in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2011, 2013 (two time), 2015 (two time), 2019. In 2018 he was second at the world championship in Frisian draughts. Russian national champion (13 times).
Dorong
Dorong (Russian: Доронг) is a body of fresh water in the Bauntovsky District, Buryatia, Russia. The name originated in an Evenki word.

Dorong is a natural monument of Russia because of its landscapes. The valley of the lake acts as a corridor and is usually very windy.

Natural monument
A natural monument is a natural or cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. They can be natural geological and geographical features such as waterfalls, cliffs, craters, fossil, sand dunes, rock forms, valleys and coral reefs. Locations important to faith groups may be considered natural monuments. Archeological and historical sites linked to the natural environment are also included, such as cave art. This is especially true when relevant to the land of Indigenous Peoples.
Penrhiwceiber Rangers F.C.
Penrhiwceiber Rangers F.C are a football team based in Glasbrook Terrace Penrhiwceiber, that competes in the Ardal SW League.

The club was previously known as Penrhiwceiber Welfare and was established in 1961 by Billy Cooksley, Tony Jones, and Chris Kerr.

Penrhiwceiber
Penrhiwceiber (Welsh: Penrhiw-ceibr) is a village and community (and electoral ward, spelt Penrhiw-ceibr) in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, that lies south of the town Aberpennar and north of the village of Tyntetown, and is one of many villages that lies within the Cynon Valley. Prior to 1870 the area was heavy woodland, but the opening of the Penrhiwceiber Colliery in 1878 saw its rapid expansion into a thriving village.
Merlimau
Merlimau is a mukim and town in Jasin District, Malacca, Malaysia. Politically, it is situated in the parliament constituency of P139 Jasin, and state constituency of N27 Merlimau, which consists of seven ballot box areas, namely Ayer Merbau, Chincin, Jasin Lalang, Merlimau Utara, Merlimau Pasir, Permatang Serai, and Pengkalan Samak.

Jasin (federal constituency)
Jasin is a federal constituency in Jasin District, Malacca, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1974.

The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.