hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viral life cycle
Viruses are only able to replicate themselves by commandeering the reproductive apparatus of cells and making them reproduce the virus's genetic structure and particles instead. How viruses do this depends mainly on the type of nucleic acid DNA or RNA they contain, which is either one or the other but never both. Viruses cannot function or reproduce outside a cell, and are totally dependent on a host cell to survive. Most viruses are species specific, and related viruses typically only infect a narrow range of plants, animals, bacteria, or fungi.

Replicate (biology)
In the biological sciences, replicates are an experimental units that are treated identically. Replicates are an essential component of experimental design because they provide an estimate of between sample error. Without replicates, scientists are unable to assess whether observed treatment effects are due to the experimental manipulation or due to random error. There are also analytical replicates which is when an exact copy of a sample is analyzed, such as a cell, organism or molecule, using exactly the same procedure. This is done in order to check for analytical error. In the absence of this type of error replicates should yield the same result. However, analytical replicates are not independent and cannot be used in tests of the hypothesis because they are still the same sample.
Oryantal Dans
Oryantal Dans (Oryantal dansı) is a Turkish style of belly dance that developed through the blending of Ottoman court traditions, Romani culture, and Middle Eastern dance forms. Known for its energetic rhythms, theatrical presentation and dynamic floorwork, Turkish Oryantal evolved during the late Ottoman period and gained widespread popularity in 20th-century Istanbul nightclub and cabaret scenes. Distinguished by fast rhythms, sharp isolations and vibrant costumes, Oryantal Dans has become an important part of Turkey’s performing arts heritage and continues to influence international belly dance styles today.

Tülay Karaca
Tülay Karaca is a Turkish belly dancer who gained widespread fame in the 1980s and 1990s for her commanding stage presence, precise technique with finger cymbals (zills), and prominent television appearances. She is considered one of the leading figures in the golden era of Turkish Oryantal dans (Oriental dance).
Church order
Church order is the systematically organized set of rules drawn up by a qualified body of a local church. From the point of view of civil law, the church order can be described as the internal law of the church. A church order explains precisely what a document is, in a clinical and matter of fact tone, without conveying the spiritual nature of the document.

Systematics
Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).  Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, graphically represented in cladograms) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).  Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word of Ancient Greek origin systema, which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book.
Volodymyr Stakhiv
Volodymyr Pavlovych Stakhiv (Ukrainian: Володимир Павлович Стахів; 1910 – 1971) was a Ukrainian nationalist politician and journalist who was a member of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Ukrainian national government. He was the brother of Yevhen Stakhiv.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Міністерство закордонних справ України, romanized: Ministerstvo zakordonnych sprav Ukrainy, IPA: [min⁽ʲ⁾iˈstɛrstwo zɐkorˈdɔnːɪx ˈsprɑu̯ ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]) is the ministry of the Ukrainian government that oversees the foreign relations of Ukraine. The head of the ministry is the minister of foreign affairs.
Cinnamon Chaney
Cinnamon June Chaney (born 10 January 1969) is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Chaney made her Football Ferns debut in a 0–0 draw with a Hawaii select VII on 12 December 1987 and ended her international career with 29 caps and 2 goals to her credit.

Chaney represented New Zealand at the Women's World Cup finals in China in 1991 playing 2 group games; a 0–3 loss to Denmark and a 0–4 loss to Norway.

Norway women's national football team
The Norway women's national football team (Norwegian: Norges kvinnelandslag i fotball) represents Norway in international football, and is controlled by the Norwegian Football Federation. The team is former European, World and Olympic champions and thus one of the most successful national teams. However, the team has endured less success since the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.
Čaloševo
Čaloševo (Macedonian: Чалошево) is a village located in the northeast part of Veles Municipality in North Macedonia. It is estimated to have 197 inhabitants. The population is mostly engaged in agriculture, farming and construction. The young people are engaged in athletics and sports.

Veles Municipality
Veles (Macedonian: Велес [ˈvɛːlɛs] ⓘ) is a municipality in central part of North Macedonia. Veles is also the name of the city where the municipal seat is found. Veles Municipality is part of the Vardar Statistical Region.
Ješovec, Slovenska Bistrica
Ješovec (pronounced [jɛˈʃɔːʋəts] or [jɛˈʃoːʋəts]) is a small settlement on the right bank of the Ložnica River in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

The local church is dedicated to the Three Kings and belongs to the Parish of Črešnjevec. It was built between 1639 and 1648.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
Atelopus quimbaya
Atelopus quimbaya, the Quimbaya Toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the western slopes of the Cordillera Central in Risaralda, Quindío, and Caldas Departments. Its natural habitats are sub-Andean and Andean forests at altitudes of 1,650–2,940 m (5,410–9,650 ft) above sea level. Chytridiomycosis is a serious risk to this rare species.

Risaralda Department
Risaralda (Spanish pronunciation: [risaˈɾalda]) is a department of Colombia. It is located in the western central of the country, in the Andean region, It is part of the Coffee axis with Caldas and Quindío. Its capital is Pereira. Risaralda is very well known for the high quality of its coffee, and a booming industry: automotive, clothes, food, trading of goods and services.

It was divided from the department of Caldas in 1966. The territory is very mountainous and has many kinds of climates in a very small area. Its proximity to harbours such as Buenaventura on the Pacific Region and to the biggest cities in Colombia – Bogotá, Cali, Medellín – makes it a fast-growing economic centre.
Allison Whitlock
Allison Whitlock is an Australian born craft stylist, designer and owner of the homewares label homeMADEmodern. In 2005 Allison became the host of DIY Network's Uncommon Threads, a daily half-hour craft program. In 2006 the series was picked up for a second season and began airing on HGTV in 2007.

Magnolia Network
Magnolia Network is an American basic cable network owned by Warner Bros. Discovery in partnership with Chip and Joanna Gaines, the founders of lifestyle company Magnolia. It broadcasts personality-based lifestyle programs related to topics such as home construction, renovation, and cuisine.

The channel was first launched by the E. W. Scripps Company on September 30, 1999, as DIY Network: a spin-off of HGTV focusing on instructional programming related to "do it yourself" (DIY) activities such as home improvement. It later focused on reality series following personalities involved in home renovation and related businesses. In 2022, the channel relaunched as Magnolia Network, a joint venture with Chip and Joanna Gaines of the HGTV series Fixer Upper.

As of December 2023, Magnolia Network is available to 51 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2016 peak of 62 million households.
Cambridge University Law Society
The Cambridge University Law Society (also known as "CULS" or "LawSoc") is the educational and representative body of undergraduate law students at the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1901, and with an estimated 2,000 active members, it is the largest United Kingdom student-led law society and among the largest student-run law societies in the world.

The society founded the Cambridge Law Journal as a student publication in 1921, today the longest-running university law journal in the United Kingdom and the principal publication of the Faculty of Law, Cambridge.

It is known for its Speakers events featuring prominent lawyers, politicians and legal celebrities. It also publishes the Cambridge Law Review and organises the annual University of Cambridge Law Ball, one of the University's most prominent events outside May Week. It is one of the wealthiest societies at the University of Cambridge.

Travers Humphreys
Sir Richard Somers Travers Christmas Humphreys (4 August 1867 – 20 February 1956) was a British barrister who was involved in the cases of Oscar Wilde and the murderers Hawley Harvey Crippen, George Joseph Smith and John George Haigh, the 'Acid Bath Murderer', among many others.
Denni Conteh
Denni Aluseny Conteh (born 14 August 1975) is a Danish former journeyman football player of Sierra-Leonean descent and current coach.

He was from 2010 until October 2013 manager of the Danish female elite team of Ballerup-Skovlunde Fodbold.

Ballerup-Skovlunde Fodbold
Ballerup-Skovlunde Fodbold, commonly known as BSF, is an association football club based in the town of Ballerup, Denmark, that competes in the Denmark Series, the fourth tier of the Danish football league system. Founded in 2010 as a merger between Ballerup Boldklub and Skovlunde IF, the club play at their home ground Ballerup Idrætspark. Their colours are red and white. BSF is affiliated to the local football association, DBU Zealand. The women's team is one of the strongest in Denmark, competing in the highest tier Elitedivisionen.
William Martyn (Lord Mayor)
Sir William Martyn (Martin) (d. 1504) of Athelhampton, was Alderman, Sheriff of London in 1484 and Lord Mayor of London in 1492, representing the Skinners. He was made KB.

On January 6, 1494, he received the honour of knighthood from Henry VII.

Sir William was twice married. His first wife was Isabel, daughter of Thomas Farringdon. The second wife of Sir William was Christian, daughter of Sir William Poulett, of Hinton Saint George, and through this alliance came a line of Martins which were intimately connected with Somerset and Devonshire. Sir William was Sheriff of Somerset in 1490 and 1501.

Sir William was known to have a pet monkey, and is buried at the Chapel of Saint Mary Magdalene in Puddleton Church.

Crest: On the stump of a tree couped and eradicated Proper, a monkey sejant collared and lined Or holding in the dexter paw a mirror.

Worshipful Company of Skinners
The Worshipful Company of Skinners (also known as the Skinners' Company) is one of the Great Twelve Livery Companies of the City of London. Originally formed as an association of those engaged in the trade of skins and furs, the Company was granted a Royal Charter in 1327.

The Company's motto is To God Only Be All Glory.

The Master Skinner for 2024/25 is the Earl of Woolton and, since 2015, Major-General Andrew Kennett CB CBE serves as Clerk to the Skinners' Company.
Petscop
Petscop is a YouTube horror web series by Tony Domenico, made to resemble a YouTube Let's Play series. The videos follow "Paul", the protagonist, exploring and documenting a supposedly "long-lost PlayStation video game" titled Petscop. The 24-episode series ran from March 12, 2017, to September 2, 2019. The series received widespread coverage for its storytelling, authenticity, surrealism, and its active community of viewers.

Storytelling
Storytelling is the social and cultural activity of sharing stories, sometimes with improvisation, theatrics or embellishment. Every culture has its own narratives, which are shared as a means of entertainment, education, cultural preservation or instilling moral values (sometimes through morals). Crucial elements of stories and storytelling include plot, characters and narrative point of view. The term "storytelling" can refer specifically to oral storytelling but also broadly to techniques used in other media to unfold or disclose the narrative of a story.
Stop at Nothing (album)
Stop at Nothing is the fourth album by American technical death metal band Dying Fetus. The album, like its predecessor Destroy the Opposition, was produced by the band and Steve Carr.

Soon after the release of Destroy the Opposition, all of the band except for John Gallagher quit. Gallagher  brought in new vocalist Vince Matthews, guitarist Mike Kimball, bass guitarist Sean Beasley and drummer Eric Seyanga.

The black and white part of the cover of the album is part of a photograph taken by Lewis Wickes Hine, the American sociologist and photographer, called "Power house mechanic working on steam pump". The steam pump has been shown in color while the original photo was completely black and white.

A video was produced for the song "One Shot, One Kill".

Two tracks from the album were used in Viva La Bam, "Schematics" in the second-season episode "Tree Top Casino" and  "One Shot One Kill" in the third-season episode "Angry Ape".

Technical death metal
Technical death metal (also known as tech death) is a musical subgenre of death metal with particular focus on instrumental skill and complex songwriting. Technical and progressive experimentation in death metal began in the late 1980s and early 1990s, largely driven by four bands that, according to Allmusic, are "technical death metal's Big Four" – Death, Pestilence, Atheist, and Cynic. All but Pestilence are part of the Florida death metal scene, to which Nocturnus, another influential band, also belongs.
1911 Auckland City mayoral election
The 1911 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1911, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including fifteen city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

Mayor of Auckland City
The Mayor of Auckland City was the directly elected head of the Auckland City Council, the municipal government of Auckland City, New Zealand. The office existed from 1871 to 2010, when the Auckland City Council and mayoralty was abolished and replaced with the Auckland Council and the Mayor of Auckland.
Martin River
The Martin River is a stream on the Kenai Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska. Beginning at Portlock Glacier in the Kenai Mountains, it flows north for 7 miles (11 km) into Kachemak Bay. The upper river lies within Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. The river mouth is 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Homer.

Kenai Peninsula
The Kenai Peninsula (Dena'ina: Yaghenen) is a large peninsula jutting from the coast of Southcentral Alaska. The name Kenai (/ˈkiːnaɪ/, KEE-ny) is derived from the word "Kenaitze" or "Kenaitze Indian Tribe", the name of the Native Athabascan Alaskan tribe, the Kahtnuht’ana Dena’ina ("People along the Kahtnu (Kenai River)"), who historically inhabited the area. They called the Kenai Peninsula Yaghanen ("the good land").
Venera 1
Venera 1 (Russian: Венера-1 meaning Venus 1), also known as Venera-1VA No.2 and occasionally in the West as Sputnik 8, was the first spacecraft to perform an interplanetary flight and the first to fly past Venus, as part of the Soviet Union's Venera programme. Launched in February 1961, it was intended as an impactor, but flew past Venus on 19 May of the same year; however, radio contact with the probe was lost before the flyby, resulting in it returning no data.

Flyby (spaceflight)
A flyby (/ˈflaɪbaɪ/) is a spaceflight operation in which a spacecraft passes in proximity to another body, usually a target of its space exploration mission and/or a source of a gravity assist (also called swing-by) to impel it towards another target. Spacecraft which are specifically designed for this purpose are known as flyby spacecraft, although the term has also been used in regard to asteroid flybys of Earth for example. Important parameters are the time and distance of closest approach.
2019 Cricket World Cup squads
This is a list of the squads picked for the 2019 Cricket World Cup. All 10 teams were required to submit a 15-member squad by 23 April, 2019 with changes to the squad allowed to be made up to 22 May. New Zealand were the first team to name their squad, naming their team on 3 April 2019. The West Indies were the last team to name their squad, announcing their team on 24 April 2019, one day after the initial deadline set by the International Cricket Council (ICC).

Two cricketers, New Zealand's Tom Blundell and Bangladesh's Abu Jayed, had not played in a One Day International (ODI) prior to being named in their team's squad. On 13 May 2019, Jayed made his ODI debut against the West Indies, in the fifth match of the tri-series in Ireland. Three captains, England's Eoin Morgan, the West Indies' Jason Holder and Bangladesh's Mashrafe Mortaza, had led their respective teams in the previous tournament.

2019 Ireland Tri-Nation Series
The 2019 Ireland Tri-Nation Series was a cricket tournament that was held from 5 to 17 May in Ireland. It was a tri-nation series featuring Bangladesh, Ireland and the West Indies, with all the matches played as One Day Internationals (ODIs). The ODI fixtures were part of Bangladesh and West Indies' preparation for the 2019 Cricket World Cup. Bangladesh also played a 50-over warm-up match against Ireland A on 5 May 2019.

The West Indies were the first team to qualify for the final, after they beat hosts Ireland in the fourth match of the series. Bangladesh also qualified for the final, after they beat the West Indies in the fifth match. Bangladesh won the series, after beating the West Indies by five wickets in a rain-affected final. It was the first time that Bangladesh had won a multi-team international tournament.
Michael Bentley (cricketer)
Michael Bentley (born 14 February 1934) is a former English cricketer. He played as a left-handed batsman for Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1957. He was born at Rotherham in Yorkshire.

Bentley played just one match for the county, against Cambridge University at Fenner's in June. As an opening batsman he scored two runs in his first innings and 10 in his second, and did not play first-class cricket again.

Rotherham
Rotherham (/ˈrɒðərəm/ ⓘ RODH-ər-əm) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies at the confluence of the River Rother, from which the town gets its name,  and the River Don. It is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham.

Before the Industrial Revolution, traditional industries included farming, glass making and flour milling. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Rotherham became known for its coal mining and, later, steel industries. The town's historic county is Yorkshire, and Rotherham was once part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1974, this administrative county was abolished during a reorganisation of local government. Subsequently, Rotherham became part of the county of South Yorkshire, where it makes up one of four metropolitan boroughs.

Rotherham had a population of 109,691 in the 2011 census. The borough had a 2024 population of 276,595, the 64th most populous district in England.
Saint-Pierre-de-Clages
Saint-Pierre-de-Clages is a village in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the Canton of Valais in the municipality of Chamoson.

The village of Saint-Pierre-de-Clages was joined with the municipality of Chamoson in 1376. It is famous for its 11th-century church with its octagonal bell tower.

The village of Saint-Pierre-de-Clages is also known as the Swiss book town with an annual book festival.

Book town
A book town is a town or village with many used book or antiquarian bookstores. These stores, as well as literary festivals, attract bibliophile tourists. Some book towns are members of the International Organisation of Book Towns.
Orange Empire Conference
Orange Empire Conference (OEC) is a community college athletic conference in Orange County, California.  Member institutions and the OEC are governed by the California Community College Athletic Association.

California Community College Athletic Association
The California Community College Athletic Association (3C2A; formerly CCCAA) is a sports association of community colleges in the U.S. state of California. It oversees 108 athletic programs throughout the state. The organization was formed in 1929 as the California Junior College Federation to unify programs in Northern and Southern California.

Over 26,000 student athletes participate annually in intercollegiate athletics at California’s community colleges and more than 100 regional and state final events produce champions in 24 men’s and women’s sports each year. The majority of student athletes participating at a California community college transfer to a four-year college or university to continue their academic and athletic endeavors.

There are nine all-sport conferences, two football-only conferences, and three wrestling-only alliances.
Earl Snell
Earl Wilcox Snell (July 11, 1895 – October 28, 1947) was an American politician, businessman, and member of the Republican Party, serving in the Oregon House of Representatives, as the Oregon Secretary of State, and as the 23rd Governor of Oregon. American journalist John Gunther described Snell as "genial, mediocre, and perpetually on the fence."

John Gunther
John Gunther (August 30, 1901 – May 29, 1970) was an American journalist and writer.

His success came primarily by a series of popular sociopolitical works, known as the "Inside" books (1936–1972), including the best-selling Inside U.S.A. in 1947. However, he is now best known for his memoir Death Be Not Proud (1949), on the death of his teenage son, Johnny Gunther, from a brain tumor.