hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wamp'una
Wamp'una (Quechua wamp'u boat, -na a suffix, also spelled Huampuna) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It contains one of the highest surveyed caves in the word, Qaqa Mach'ay. Wamp'una is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, on the border of the districts of Huantán and Laraos. It lies southwest of  T'uruyuq, southeast of the lake named Pumaqucha. It is situated on the southern border of the Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve.

Cave survey
A cave survey is a map of all or part of a cave system, which may be produced to meet differing standards of accuracy depending on the cave conditions and equipment available underground. Cave surveying and cartography, i.e. the creation of an accurate, detailed map, is one of the most common technical activities undertaken within a cave and is a fundamental part of speleology. Surveys can be used to compare caves to each other by length, depth and volume, may reveal clues on speleogenesis, provide a spatial reference for other areas of scientific study and assist visitors with route-finding.

Traditionally, cave surveys are produced in two-dimensional form due to the confines of print, but given the three-dimensional environment inside a cave, modern techniques using computer aided design are increasingly used to allow a more realistic representation of a cave system.
Gastrotheca argenteovirens
Gastrotheca argenteovirens is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Colombian Massif, Cordillera Central, and Cordillera Occidental in the Quindío, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Cauca, and Nariño Departments. Common name Popayan marsupial frog has been coined for it.

Hemiphractidae
The Hemiphractidae are a family of frogs from South and Central America.  Previously, this group had been classified as a subfamily (Hemiphractinae) under family Hylidae.  More recent research classifies these genera into their own family, or sometimes into three separate families: Amphignathodontidae (Flectonotus and Gastrotheca), Cryptobatrachidae (Cryptobatrachus and Stefania), and Hemiphractidae (Hemiphractus and Fritziana).  An active question still exists as to which of these groupings is more accurate.
Temperance Hall, Tennessee
Temperance Hall is an unincorporated community in northern DeKalb County, Tennessee, United States. It is located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) west-southwest of Center Hill Dam. It was established in 1798 by Stephen Robinson Sr., one of the first four settlers of DeKalb County.

Liberty, Tennessee
Liberty is a town in DeKalb County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2020 census, Liberty had a population of 334. Liberty's main street was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 as the Liberty Historic District.
Raqqa: Spy vs. Spy
Raqqa: Spy vs. Spy (Spanish: Raqa) is a 2024 spy thriller film directed by Gerardo Herrero from a screenplay by Irene Zoe Alameda based on a novel by Tomás Bárbulo. It is a Spanish-Moroccan-German co-production.

Irene Zoe Alameda
Irene Zoe Alameda is a Spanish writer and filmmaker. Her feature film "La cinta de Álex" (Alex's Strip) won the Best Picture award at the 2020 Winter Film Awards in New York. The movie was considered one of the best "operas prima" of Spanish cinema (Fotogramas). She is also the acclaimed author of the books: "Antrópolis" (2017), "WA. Ultimos Dias de Warla Alkman"(2013), and "Sueños itinerantes" (2004)
William Mather (cricketer)
William Adams Mather (1830 – 25 May 1864) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer.

The son of William Mather senior, he was born at Newcastle upon Tyne in 1830. He was educated at King Edward VI Grammar School in Bury St Edmunds, before going up to Trinity College, Cambridge. Mather left Cambridge without completing his degree at Cambridge. He played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1853, making a single appearance against Cambridge University at Fenner's. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 15 runs in the MCC first innings by Ward Maule, while in their second innings he was run out for 4 runs. He was commissioned as a volunteer captain in the 1st Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne Rifle Volunteers in February 1860, before being promoted to major in April 1863. Mather suffered from ill health in his final years. He died at the Bath Hotel in London on 25 May 1864, aged 33.

Volunteer Force
The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated with the British Army after the Childers Reforms in 1881, before forming part of the Territorial Force in 1908. Most of the regiments of the present Army Reserves  Infantry, Artillery, Engineers and Signals units are directly descended from Volunteer Force units.
Arch of Arcadius, Honorius and Theodosius
The Arch of Arcadius, Honorius and Theodosius (Latin: Arcus Arcadii Honorii et Theodosii) was an ancient triumphal arch in ancient Rome.

It was built by the senate in 405 AD after Stilicho's victory in the Battle of Pollentia three years earlier. As per tradition, the victory over the Goths was ascribed to the reigning emperors: Arcadius, Honorius and Theodosius II.

It was near Pons Neronianus and  was possibly built right at the bridgehead. It survived until the 15th century, although by then it had been stripped of its marble facing.

Arcadius
Arcadius (Ancient Greek: Ἀρκάδιος Arkadios; c. 377 – 1 May 408) was Roman emperor from 383 to his death in 408. He was the eldest son of the Augustus Theodosius I (r. 379–395) and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and the brother of Honorius (r. 393–423). Arcadius ruled the eastern half of the empire from 395, when their father died, while Honorius ruled the west. In his time, he was seen as a weak ruler dominated by a series of powerful ministers and by his wife, Aelia Eudoxia.
Reference Manager
Reference Manager was the first commercial reference management software package sold by Thomson Reuters.  It was the first commercial software of its kind, originally developed by Ernest Beutler and his son, Earl Beutler, in 1982 through their company Research Information Systems. Offered for the CP/M operating system, it was ported to DOS and then Microsoft Windows and later the Apple Macintosh. Research Information Systems was acquired by Thomson Business Information (later Thomson Reuters) in 1994.  Subsequently, Thomson acquired EndNote and ProCite, the other two leading bibliographic management programs.  Rich Niles, founder of EndNote, joined Thomson Reuters as head of that division, and put all development focus on EndNote.  Sales of Reference Manager continued until  December 31, 2015, and support ended on December 31, 2016.

DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. It primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later, compatible systems from other manufacturers are DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1994). MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.

Although the name has come to be identified specifically with MS-DOS and compatible operating systems, DOS is a platform-independent acronym for disk operating system, whose use predates the IBM PC. Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym, beginning with the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others include Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS.
Chinese people in Serbia
Chinese people in Serbia are mostly expatriates from China. According to data from the 2022 census, there were 1,470 Chinese people in Serbia. The community is mainly concentrated in Serbia's capital, Belgrade (mostly immigrants from the late 1990s) and in towns of Bor and Zrenjanin (recent immigration largely tied to investments of Chinese companies in mining and manufacturing).

Bor, Serbia
Bor (Serbian Cyrillic: Бор; Romanian: Bor) is a city and the administrative center of the Bor District in eastern Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city administrative area has a population of 40,845 inhabitants.

Bor has one of the largest copper mines in Europe. It has been a mining center since 1904, when a French company began operations there. With 810 residential buildings, it presents the highest ration of urban area to number of citizens in the country, and is one of top-five cities in Serbia by number of buildings.
Pinker and Prouder Than Previous
Pinker and Prouder Than Previous is a 1988 album by British singer-songwriter Nick Lowe. It was released by Demon Records in the UK and Europe, and was his final album for Columbia Records in the US.

On 20 October 2017 Yep Roc Records reissued it on CD and LP, marking its first release on compact disc in the US.

Demon Music Group
Demon Music Group Limited (DMG; formerly Object Enterprises Limited from 1982–1991 and Music Collection International Limited from 1991–2000) is a record company owned by BBC Studios that is mainly concerned with back-catalogue rights and re-issuing recordings as compilations on physical media (CDs and vinyl) via supermarkets and specialist stores.
Ein ungefärbt Gemüte, BWV 24
Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata Ein ungefärbt Gemüte (An open mind) (literally: An undyed mind), BWV 24 in Leipzig for the fourth Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 20 June 1723. It is the third new cantata of his first cantata cycle in Leipzig. The title has been translated more freely, for example as "An unstained mind", "An unblemished conscience", "An undisguised intention", and "An unsophisticated mind".

John Eliot Gardiner
Sir John Eliot Gardiner (born 20 April 1943) is an English conductor, particularly known for his performances of the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, especially the Bach Cantata Pilgrimage of 2000, performing Bach's church cantatas in liturgical order in churches all over Europe, and New York City, with the Monteverdi Choir, and recording them at the locations.
Lengnau railway station
Lengnau railway station (German: Bahnhof Lengnau) is a railway station in the municipality of Lengnau, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is an intermediate stop on the Basel–Biel/Bienne and Jura Foot lines, although trains traveling south on the Basel–Biel/Bienne line from Grenchen Nord do not stop here. It is served by regional trains only.

Basel–Biel/Bienne railway line
The Basel–Biel/Bienne railway line (also known in German as the Jurabahn—Jura Railway) is a standard gauge railway line of the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) and the BLS AG. It runs from Basel SBB along the Birs in the French-speaking Jura to Delémont and Biel/Bienne. The traffic on the line is shown in table 230 of the official timetable.
Cryosphere
The cryosphere is an umbrella term for those portions of Earth's surface where water is in solid form. This includes sea ice, ice on lakes or rivers, snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost). Thus, there is an overlap with the hydrosphere. The cryosphere is an integral part of the global climate system. It also has important feedbacks on the climate system. These feedbacks come from the cryosphere's influence on surface energy and moisture fluxes, clouds, the water cycle, atmospheric and oceanic circulation.

Through these feedback processes, the cryosphere plays a significant role in the global climate and in climate model response to global changes. Approximately 10% of the Earth's surface is covered by ice, but this is rapidly decreasing. Current reductions in the cryosphere (caused by climate change) are measurable in ice sheet melt, glaciers decline, sea ice decline, permafrost thaw and snow cover decrease.

Ablation
Ablation (Latin: ablatio – removal) is the removal or destruction of something from an object by vaporization, chipping,  erosive processes, or by other means. Examples of ablation as it is relevant to various industries are described below, including spacecraft material for ascent and atmospheric reentry, ice and snow in glaciology, biological tissues in medicine and passive fire protection materials.
Canoparmelia rarotongensis
Canoparmelia rarotongensis is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Rarotonga (Cook Islands), it was formally described as a new species in 2000 by Simone Louwhoff and John Elix. The type specimen was collected by the second author from the Muri Lagoon (on the eastern coast of Rarotonga), where it was found growing on hibiscus along the foreshore. It is named for its type locality. The main physical characteristic that distinguishes it from others in its genus is its conspicuous isidia, which are consistently inflated and branched.

John Alan Elix
John Alan (Jack) Elix (born 1941) emeritus professor in chemistry at the Australian National University, is an organic chemist who has contributed in many fields: lichenology, lichen chemotaxonomy, plant physiology and biodiversity and natural product chemistry. He has authored 2282 species names, and 67 genera in the field of mycology. Elix edited the exsiccata series Lichenes Australasici exsiccati.

The standard author abbreviation Elix is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Ramsay–Fox Round Barn and Farm
Ramsay–Fox Round Barn and Farm is a historic round barn and farm in West Township, Marshall County, Indiana. The farmstead was established about 1900. The round barn was built about 1911 and is a true-circular barn, with a 60-foot (18 m) diameter. It has a two-pitch gambrel roof topped by a cupola and consists of a main level and basement. Also contributing are the farm site, farmhouse (c. 1900), milk house (c. 1900), windmill (c. 1920), and privy (c. 1900).: 3–4

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

Round barn
A round barn is a historic barn design that could be octagonal, polygonal, or circular in plan. Though round barns were not as popular as some other barn designs, their unique shape makes them noticeable. The years from 1880 to 1920 represent the height of round barn construction. Round barn construction in the United States can be divided into two overlapping eras. The first, the octagonal era, spanned from 1850 to 1900. The second, the true circular era, spanned from 1889 to 1936. The overlap meant that round barns of both types, polygonal and circular, were built during the latter part of the nineteenth century. Numerous round barns in the United States are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Ejisu Senior High Technical School
Ejisu Senior High Technical School (also known as Ejisu SHTS) is a public school located in Ejisu in Ejisu Municipal District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. In 2021, the school was part of senior high schools put under surveillance on suspicion of examination malpractice by WAEC.

Bonwire
Bonwire is a town in Ghana, located in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipal district within the Ashanti Region. The town is located about 18 km on the Kumasi-Mampong road. According to Akan oral tradition, Kente originates from Bonwire.
1995–96 YUBA League
The 1995–96 Sportstar YUBA League (Serbian Cyrillic: ЈУБА лига 1995/96.) was the 4th season of the YUBA League, the top-tier professional basketball league in Yugoslavia (later renamed to Serbia and Montenegro).

YUBA League
The YUBA League was the top-tier men's professional basketball league in Serbia and Montenegro (previously FR Yugoslavia). Founded in 1992 and folded in 2006, it was run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia and Montenegro.

The name YUBA League (Yugoslav Basketball Association League) was used in Serbia and Montenegro until 2006. It consisted of the first-stage "First League", and the second-stage "Super League", with each having their own men's and women's divisions. The league was also named YUBA League: Sportstar YUBA League, Winston YUBA League, Frikom YUBA League, Efes Pils YUBA League, Atlas Pils YUBA League, and Sinalco First League, for sponsorship reasons. For past league sponsorship names, see the list below.

When Serbia and Montenegro peacefully separated in 2006, the YUBA League ceased to exist and was re-branded as the Basketball League of Serbia a Serbia-only organization, with Montenegro forming its own federation.
1992 Azerbaijan Top League
The 1992 Azerbaijan Top League was the first season of the Azerbaijan Top League, since their independence from the USSR in August 1991, and was contested by 26 clubs. The Season took place between 3 May and 30 October 1992 and was won by Neftchi Baku, with six teams being relegated to the Azerbaijan First Division for the 1993 season. During the '92 season a win was awarded 2 points, a draw 1 and no points were awarded for a defeat.

Azerbaijan First League
The Azerbaijan First League (Azerbaijani: I Liqa) is the second highest professional division in Azerbaijani professional football. The league is run by AFFA. The winner of the league is promoted to the top-tier Azerbaijan Premier League.
RAF Martlesham Heath
Royal Air Force Martlesham Heath or more simply RAF Martlesham Heath is a former Royal Air Force station located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) southwest of Woodbridge, Suffolk, England. It was active between 1917 and 1963, and played an important role in the development of airborne radar.

Woodbridge, Suffolk
Woodbridge is a port town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) up the River Deben from the sea. It lies 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Ipswich and around 74 miles (119 km) north-east of London. In 2011 it had a population of 7,749.

The town is close to some major archaeological sites of the Anglo-Saxon period, including the Sutton Hoo burial ship. It is well known for its boating harbour and tide mill next to the River Deben, in the Suffolk & Essex Coast & Heaths National Landscape. Several festivals are held. As a "gem in Suffolk's crown" (according to The Suffolk Coast tourist site) it has been named the best place to live in the East of England.
2008 National Football Challenge Cup
The 2008 National Football Challenge Cup was the 18th season of National Football Challenge Cup, the main cup tournament in Pakistani football.

PTCL were the defending champions, winning the 2005 edition, although their team was dissolved in the end of 2005 season. Thus there was no defending champions.

All the matches were played in CDGK Stadium and Peoples Football Stadium in Karachi.

People's Football Stadium
The People's Football Stadium is a football stadium located in Lyari, a neighbourhood in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The stadium can accommodate 25,000 spectators, and has an upgradable seating capacity of 40,000. Owned by the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation, the stadium serves as one of the home venues for the Pakistan national football team.

The stadium is part of the People's Sports Complex which also houses a boxing arena having capacity of 5,000 spectators, and a gymnasium sports complex where indoor sports like volleyball, badminton and basketball are played.
Euchlaena johnsonaria
Euchlaena johnsonaria, or Johnson's euchlaena moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Asa Fitch in 1870. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from southern coastal British Columbia east to Nova Scotia, south to New Jersey, Missouri and Oregon. The habitat consists of deciduous wooded areas.

The wingspan is about 32 mm. Adults are on wing from May to August.

The larvae feed on various deciduous trees and shrubs, including Cornus, Salix, Spiraea, Vaccinium, Ulmus, Fraxinus and Betula species.

Fraxinus
Fraxinus (/ˈfræksɪnəs/), commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous (dropping their leaves in autumn), although some subtropical species are evergreen. The genus is widespread throughout much of Europe, Asia, and North America.

The leaves are usually opposite, and mostly pinnately compound (divided into leaflets in a feather-like arrangement). The seeds, known as "keys", are botanically fruits of the type called samara. Some species are dioecious, having male and female flowers on separate plants.

Ash wood is strong and elastic, and used for the handles of tools. Musical instrument makers use it for electric guitars and for drum shells. The Morgan Motor Company makes the frames of sports cars from ash wood. In Greek mythology, the Meliae were the nymphs of ash trees.
Adrian Public Library
The Adrian Public Library is a historic structure located at 110 East Church Street in downtown Adrian, Michigan.  Originally used as a library, it was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on December 14, 1976, and later listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 6, 1977.  It is located within the Downtown Adrian Commercial Historic District and adjacent to the Adrian Engine House No. 1. Today, the building houses the Lenawee County Historical Society Museum.

Adrian, Michigan
Adrian is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Lenawee County.  The population was 20,645 at the 2020 census. Adrian lies in Michigan's 5th congressional district. The city has a significant student population, because it is home to Siena Heights University and Adrian College.
Upper Harz Ponds
The Upper Harz Ponds (German: Oberharzer Teiche) are found mainly around the mining town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld and the nearby villages of Buntenbock and Hahnenklee in the Upper Harz mountains of central Germany. There are around 70 ponds in total, both large and small. They were built by the miners of the Upper Harz, mostly between the 16th and 18th centuries, and are important components of the cultural monument known as the Upper Harz Water Regale - a network of dams, ditches, ponds and tunnels that was built to supply much-needed water power for the mining industry in the Harz mountains. Today the Water Regale is being proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. About half the dammed ponds are classified today as reservoirs, but they have now become characteristic features of the Upper Harz and are home to some extremely rare plant and animal species.

The Upper Harz Ponds also have the oldest working dams in Germany.

Clausthal-Zellerfeld
Clausthal-Zellerfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈklaʊstaːlˈtsɛlɐfɛlt] ⓘ) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located in the southwestern part of the Harz mountains. Its population is approximately 15,000. The town hosts the Clausthal University of Technology. The health resort is located in the Upper Harz at an altitude between 390 and 821 m above sea level.
2009 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The 2009 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 25 July 2009. It was the 59th King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

The winner was the Ballymacoll Stud's Conduit, a four-year-old chestnut colt trained at Newmarket, Suffolk by Michael Stoute and ridden by Ryan Moore. Conduit's victory was the first for his jockey and the fourth for Stoute after Shergar (1981), Opera House (1993) and Golan (2002). He was the first King George winner to officially race for Ballymacoll Stud although Troy, Ela-Mana-Mou and Golan had won in the same colours.

Ela-Mana-Mou
Ela-Mana-Mou (1976–2008) was a British Thoroughbred race horse and sire. In a career which lasted from 1978 until October 1980, he ran sixteen times and won ten races. He was one of the best British two-year-olds of 1978, when he defeated Troy in the Royal Lodge Stakes. At three, he won the King Edward VII Stakes and was the beaten favourite for The Derby. Ela-Mana-Mou had his most successful season as a four-year-old in 1980 when he won his first four races including the Eclipse Stakes and the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes. He later became a highly successful sire of winners before his death in 2008.