hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Civil Aviation Training Center
Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC) is located in Iran and have bases in Tehran, Ahwaz, Mashhad, Shiraz, Esfahan and Tabriz.

Civil Aviation Training Center was established in 1982 under the aegis of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Civil Aviation Training Center is a highly advanced Airport Operation maintenance facility. It provides its students in Private and commercial piloting and regular air service.

Aegis
The aegis (/ˈiːdʒɪs/ EE-jis; Ancient Greek: αἰγίς aigís), as stated in the Iliad, is a device carried by Athena and Zeus, variously interpreted as an animal skin or a shield and sometimes featuring the head of a Gorgon. There may be a connection with a deity named Aex, a daughter of Helios and a nurse of Zeus or alternatively a mistress of Zeus (Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 13).

The modern concept of doing something "under someone's aegis" means doing something under the protection of a powerful, knowledgeable, or benevolent source.  The word aegis is identified with protection by a strong force with its roots in Greek mythology and adopted by the Romans; there are parallels in Norse mythology and in Egyptian mythology as well, where the Greek word aegis is applied by extension.
Aedes hoogstraali
Aedes hoogstraali is a species of mosquito. It was first described from specimens collected at Subic Bay, Republic of the Philippines in 1945.  The specific epithet honors noted entomologist and acarologist Harry Hoogstraal.

Harry Hoogstraal
Harry Hoogstraal (February 24, 1917 Chicago, Illinois – February 24, 1986 Cairo, Egypt) was an American entomologist and parasitologist.  He was described as "the greatest authority on ticks and tickborne diseases who ever lived."  The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene's Harry Hoogstraal Medal for Outstanding Achievement in Medical Entomology honors his contributions to science.
Tula massacre
The Tula massacre was a 1982 massacre near the municipality of Atotonilco de Tula in the Mexican state of Hidalgo, north of Mexico City, where 13 Colombian men were murdered. The incident resulted in a minor political scandal, though no one was ever convicted in relation to the crime.

Atotonilco de Tula
Atotonilco de Tula is a city that serves as the municipal seat for one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo.  It is located in the southwestern part of the Mexican state of Hidalgo. The municipality lies at a southern pass leading out of the Mezquital Valley, approximately 86 kilometers north of Mexico City and about 180 km northeast of the state capital, Pachuca de Soto.

The name comes from Nahuatl and means "place of hot springs"; in the Otomi language, it is called Padehe. The municipality covers an area of 31 km2 (12 sq mi). As of the 2010 census, it had a total population of 31,078. It is now part of the Tula de Allende built-up (or metropolitan) area.
9K31 Strela-1
The 9K31 Strela-1 (Russian: 9К31 «Стрела-1»; English: arrow) is a highly mobile, short-range, low altitude infra-red guided surface-to-air missile system. Originally developed by the Soviet Union under the GRAU designation 9K31, it is commonly known by its NATO reporting name, SA-9 "Gaskin". The system consists of a BRDM-2 amphibious vehicle, mounting two pairs of ready-to-fire 9M31 missiles.

Arrow
An arrow is a fin-stabilized projectile launched by a bow. A typical arrow usually consists of a long, stiff, straight shaft with a weighty (and usually sharp and pointed) arrowhead attached to the front end, multiple fin-like stabilizers called fletchings mounted near the rear, and a slot at the rear end called a nock for engaging the bowstring. A container or bag carrying additional arrows for convenient reloading is called a quiver.

The use of bows and arrows by humans predates recorded history and is common to most cultures. A craftsman who makes arrows is a fletcher, and one who makes arrowheads is an arrowsmith.
Bjarne Johannes Hope
Bjarne Johannes Hope (30 March 1944 - 30 June 2006) was a Norwegian civil servant.

He was born in Masfjorden Municipality. Having graduated from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1968 as siv.ing., he worked as a consultant from 1972. From 1995 to his death in 2006 he served as director of the Norwegian Tax Administration.

Shortly before his death he was awarded the Order of St. Olav. He was the brother of Einar Hope.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
Third government of Isabel Díaz Ayuso
The third government of Isabel Díaz Ayuso was formed on 22 June 2023, following the latter's reelection as President of the Community of Madrid by the Assembly of Madrid on 22 June and her swearing-in on the following day, as a result of the People's Party (PP) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 2023 Madrilenian regional election. It succeeded the second Ayuso government and has been the incumbent Government of the Community of Madrid since 22 June 2023, a total of 639 days, or 1 year, 9 months and 4 days.

The cabinet comprises members of the PP and a number of independents.

2023 Madrilenian regional election
A regional election was held in the Community of Madrid on Sunday, 28 May 2023, to elect the 13th Assembly of the autonomous community. All 135 seats in the Assembly were up for election. Because regional elections in Madrid were mandated for the fourth Sunday of May every four years, the 2021 snap election did not alter the term of the four-year legislature starting in 2019. It was held concurrently with regional elections in eleven other autonomous communities and local elections all across Spain.
Inno Dy
Faustino "Inno" Arcega Dy V (born September 13, 1991) is a Filipino politician who has served as Mayor of Echague since 2025. He represented the 6th District of Isabela at the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2019 to 2025. He previously served as the national president of Liga ng mga Barangay from 2018 to 2019. He is the son of House Speaker Bojie Dy.

Isabela's 6th congressional district
Isabela's 6th congressional district is one of the six congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Isabela. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 2019. The district consists of the city of Cauayan and the municipalities of Echague, San Guillermo, and San Isidro. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Faustino Dy III of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP). Dy has also served as the House Speaker since September 2025.
Sodom Schoolhouse
Sodom Schoolhouse is a historic octagonal school in West Chillisquaque Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States reportedly built about 1812, 1835, or 1836 and used until 1915. It is located in a rural area on Pennsylvania Route 45 near several Scotch-Irish communities: the "small group of houses" formerly known as Sodom, which was about a mile east of the hamlet of Montandon, and about 3 miles east of a small town, Lewisburg.

Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
Lewisburg is a borough in Union County, Pennsylvania, United States, 30 miles (48 km) south by southeast of Williamsport and 60 miles (97 km) north of Harrisburg. The population was 5,158 as of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Union County. Located in central Pennsylvania's Susquehanna Valley, on the West Branch Susquehanna River, it is home to Bucknell University. Its 19th-century downtown, centered around Market Street, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Lewisburg is the principal city of the Lewisburg Micropolitan Statistical Area, and is also part of the larger Bloomsburg–Berwick–Sunbury Combined Statistical Area.
Hélène Pedneault
Hélène Pedneault (14 April 1952 – 1 December 2008) was a Québécoise writer of many mediums who contributed much to the advancement of the feminist cause and also to Quebec sovereignty and the environment.

Québécois people
Québécois (French pronunciation: [kebekwa] ⓘ; also known as Quebecers or Quebeckers in English) are people associated with Quebec. The term is most often used in reference to either descendants of the French settlers in Quebec or people of any ethnicity who live and trace their origins to the province of Quebec.

Self-identification as Québécois became dominant starting in the 1960s; prior to this, the francophone people of Quebec mostly identified themselves as French Canadians and as Canadiens before anglophones started identifying as Canadians as well. A majority in the House of Commons of Canada in 2006 approved a motion by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, which stated that the Québécois are a nation within a united Canada. Harper later elaborated that the motion's definition of Québécois relies on personal decisions to self-identify as Québécois, and therefore is a personal choice.
2024 Zagreb Ladies Open – Doubles
Valentini Grammatikopoulou and Dalila Jakupović are the defending champions, but chose not to participate this year.

Céline Naef and Laura Pigossi won the title, defeating Emily Appleton and Prarthana Thombare in the final, 4–6, 6–1, [10–8].

Dalila Jakupović
Dalila Jakupović (born 24 March 1991) is a Slovenian tennis player of Bosnian descent.

Jakupović to date has won two doubles titles on the WTA Tour along with five WTA Challenger doubles titles. She also has won eight singles and nineteen doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. In November 2018, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 69. On 10 September 2018, she peaked at No. 38 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Playing for Slovenia, Jakupović has a win–loss record of 8–9 in Billie Jean King Cup competition (as of May 2024).
Vril
Vril: The Power of the Coming Race, originally published as The Coming Race, is a novel by English politician and writer Edward Bulwer-Lytton, published anonymously in 1871.

Some readers have believed the account of a superior subterranean master race and the energy-form called "Vril", at least in part; some theosophists, notably Helena Blavatsky, William Scott-Elliot, and Rudolf Steiner, accepted the book as based on occult truth, in part. One 1960 book, The Morning of the Magicians by Jacques Bergier and Louis Pauwels, suggested that a secret Vril Society existed in Weimar Berlin.

The name "Vril" may be based on the word virile.

Secret society
A secret society is an organization about which the activities, events, inner functioning, membership, and sometimes also existence, are concealed. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla warfare insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence.

Secret societies may be community-based or associated with colleges and universities. These societies exist in countries around the world.
Knowledge Engine (search engine)
Knowledge Engine (KE) was a search engine project initiated in 2015 by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) to locate and display verifiable and trustworthy information from public-information sources in a way that was less reliant on traditional search engines. It aimed to allow readers to stay on Wikipedia.org and other Wikipedia-related projects when looking for additional information rather than turning to proprietary search engines. Its goal was to protect user privacy, to be open and transparent about how its information originates, and to allow access to related metadata.

The project was controversial internally, and ended early in 2016. Related ideas were applied to the internal cross-wiki search engine for Wikimedia projects.

Wikipedia community
The Wikipedia community, collectively and individually known as Wikipedians, is an online community of volunteers who create and maintain Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia. Wikipedians may or may not consider themselves part of the Wikimedia movement, a global network of volunteer contributors to Wikipedia and other related projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
Tom Stromgren
Lawrence Thompson Stromgren (born 1936) is an American former football coach.  He served as the head football coach at the College of Emporia in Emporia, Kansas from 1965 to 1966 and Fort Hays State University in Hays, Kansas, from 1969 to 1971, and compiling a career college football coaching record of 18–25–2. Stromgren was born in 1936 in Osage City, Kansas.

Emporia, Kansas
Emporia is a city in and the county seat of Lyon County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 24,139.  Emporia lies between Topeka and Wichita at the intersection of highways K-99, U.S. Route 50, Interstates 335 and 35 (Kansas Turnpike).  It is home to Emporia State University and Flint Hills Technical College, and two annual sporting events: Unbound Gravel (gravel bicycle race) and Dynamic Discs Open (disc golf tournament).
Carex diplodon
Carex diplodon is a sedge that is native to northern parts of central China.

The sedge has a short rhizome and smooth and obtusely trigonous culms that typically grow to a height of 19 to 22 cm (7.5 to 8.7 in). The linear leaves are usually longer than the culms and a 3 to 5 mm (0.12 to 0.20 in) wide.

Culm (botany)
A culm is the aerial (above-ground) stem of a grass or sedge. It is derived from the Latin word culmus, meaning "stalk". It originally referred to the stem of any type of plant.

In horticulture or agriculture, it is especially used to describe the stalk or woody stems of bamboo, cane or grain grasses.
Anton Reichard von Mauchenheim
Anton Reichard von Mauchenheim genannt Bechtolsheim (9 July 1896 – 9 February 1961) was a German army officer.

He was born in Würzburg, and was a brother of Theodor von Bechtolsheim. From 1937 he served as military attaché in London. In 1939 he joined the General Staff of the 6th Army, as operations officer. From 1941 he was chief of the General Staff of the XXIII Army Corps, and subsequently the XXIX Army Corps. From 1943 to 1944 he commanded the 257th Infantry Division at the Eastern Front. In December 1944 he joined the LXXI Army Corps in Norway, and was commanding general of the corps from March 1945, with the rank of General der Artillerie. From 9 May 1945 he was detached as liaison officer for the surrendered German Armed Forces in the turnover negotiations with the Allied Forces.

6th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 6th Army (German: 6. Armee) was a field army of the German Army during World War II. It is widely known for its defeat by and subsequent surrender to the Red Army at the Battle of Stalingrad on 2 February 1943. It committed war crimes at Babi Yar while under the command of Field Marshal Walther von Reichenau during Operation Barbarossa.

The 6th Army was reformed in March 1943, and participated in fighting in Ukraine and later Romania, before being almost completely destroyed in the Second Jassy-Kishinev Offensive in August 1944. Following this it would fight in Hungary, attempting to relieve Budapest, and subsequently retreating into Austria in the Spring of 1945. 6th Army surrendered to US Army forces on 9 May 1945.
Murder of Ghulam Rabbani
The murder of Ghulam Rabbani refers to the "sensational" murder of Commodore Ghulam Rabbani, an aide-de-camp to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in Chittagong in 2004. He was a vital witness to the Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the Jail Killing cases. He served as the chairperson of the Chittagong Port Authority.

Jail Killing
The Jail Killing (Bengali: জেল হত্যা, romanized: Jail hotya) refers to the murder of four national leaders of the Bangladesh Liberation War in Bangladesh by a group of junior army officers who carried out a coup d'état there on 15 August 1975. The four killed were former vice-president Syed Nazrul Islam, former prime minister Tajuddin Ahmad and Muhammad Mansur Ali, and former home minister A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman.
Solar luminosity
The solar luminosity (L☉) is a unit of radiant flux (power emitted in the form of photons) conventionally used by astronomers to measure the luminosity of stars, galaxies and other celestial objects in terms of the output of the Sun.

One nominal solar luminosity is defined by the International Astronomical Union to be 3.828×1026 W.  This corresponds almost exactly to a bolometric absolute magnitude of +4.74.

The Sun is a weakly variable star, and its actual luminosity therefore fluctuates. The major fluctuation is the eleven-year solar cycle (sunspot cycle) that causes a quasi-periodic variation of about ±0.1%. Other variations over the last 200–300 years are thought to be much smaller than this.

Radiant flux
In radiometry, radiant flux or radiant power is the radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted, or received per unit time, and spectral flux or spectral power is the radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The SI unit of radiant flux is the watt (W), one joule per second (J/s), while that of spectral flux in frequency is the watt per hertz (W/Hz) and that of spectral flux in wavelength is the watt per metre (W/m)—commonly the watt per nanometre (W/nm).
Son of Superman
Son of Superman is a comic book Elseworlds story, published by DC Comics. Written by Howard Chaykin and David Tischman, with art by J. H. Williams III and Mick Gray. Fifteen years after the disappearance of Superman, Clark Kent and Lois Lane's teenage son, Jon Kent, learns that he is the son of the Man of Steel, and has suddenly inherited his powers. Following his father's footsteps, Jon joins a rebel organization, that fights against the now completely corrupt U.S. government, and their plan for total economic segregation.

Elseworlds
Elseworlds is the publication imprint for American comic books produced by DC Comics for stories that take place outside the DC Universe canon. Elseworlds publications are set in alternate realities that deviate from the established continuity of DC's regular comics. The "Elseworlds" name was trademarked in 1989, the same year as the first Elseworlds publication.
Bukowski (surname)
Bukowski (feminine Bukowska) is a Polish surname. It is composed of buk (Common Slavic for "beech tree") and the suffixes -ow and -ski. In some cases, the name may originate from a toponym, i.e. the name would have been given to or adopted by a person or family from a place named Buków, for example.

Oz (TV series)
Oz is an American prison drama television series created, co-executive produced, and principally written by Tom Fontana. Set at a fictional men's prison, it was the first one-hour dramatic television series produced by the premium cable network HBO. Oz ran for six seasons, from its premiere on July 12, 1997, to its series finale on February 23, 2003.
Genderblind
Genderblind, also known as CG6070, is a gene that was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster by University of Illinois at Chicago researcher David Featherstone. The gene encodes a member of the cystine/glutamate transporter family of proteins.

Genderblind protein is expressed in glial cells where it secretes the neurotransmitter glutamate and regulates the organization of glutamate receptors.

A mutation in Genderblind alters the sexual behavior of Drosophila, turning the flies bisexual. Drosophila given drugs to alter synapse strength, independent of the Genderblind mutation, allowed researchers to "turn fly homosexuality on and off, within hours". The researchers believe this effect is due to the flies' altered response to pheromones.

Coding region
The coding region of a gene, also known as the coding DNA sequence (CDS), is the portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for a protein. Studying the length, composition, regulation, splicing, structures, and functions of coding regions compared to non-coding regions over different species and time periods can provide a significant amount of important information regarding gene organization and evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This can further assist in mapping the human genome and developing gene therapy.
Hendrik van Eikema Hommes
Hendrik Jan van Eikema Hommes (May 3, 1930, IJlst – September 3, 1984, Bussum) was a noted Dutch legal scholar and successor to Herman Dooyeweerd in the post of philosopher and judicial scholar at Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Van Eikema Hommes wrote an Introduction to the Philosophy of Dooyeweerd, along with numerous legal studies. He was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1983.

IJlst
IJlst (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛilst]; West Frisian: Drylts pronounced [drilts]) is a city in Friesland, Netherlands. It is located about 3 km southwest of Sneek. It lies within the municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân and had a population of approximately 3,140 in January 2017.
Equity home bias puzzle
In finance and investing, the Home bias puzzle is the term given to describe the fact that individuals and institutions in most countries hold only modest amounts of foreign equity, and tend to strongly favor company stock from their home nation. This finding is regarded as puzzling, since ample evidence shows equity portfolios obtain substantial benefits from diversification into global stocks. Maurice Obstfeld and Kenneth Rogoff identified this as one of the six major puzzles in international macroeconomics.

Equity (finance)
In finance, equity is an ownership interest in property that may be subject to debts or other liabilities. Equity is measured for accounting purposes by subtracting liabilities from the value of the assets owned. For example, if someone owns a car worth $24,000 and owes $10,000 on the loan used to buy the car, the difference of $14,000 is equity. Equity can apply to a single asset, such as a car or house, or to an entire business. A business that needs to start up or expand its operations can sell its equity in order to raise cash that does not have to be repaid on a set schedule.

When liabilities attached to an asset exceed its value, the difference is called a deficit and the asset is informally said to be "underwater" or "upside-down". In government finance or other non-profit settings, equity is known as "net position" or "net assets".
Mayen, South Sudan
Mayen is a  boma in  Baidit payam, Bor West County, Jonglei State, South Sudan, about 30 kilometers north of Bor.  The village is located at the southern extent of the sudd, South Sudan's central wetlands, near to the east bank of the  Bahr al Jabal River.

Jonglei State
Jonglei State is a state of South Sudan with Bor as its centre of government  and the biggest city. Jonglei state comprises nine counties: Bor, Akobo, Ayod, Uror, Duk,  Nyirol, Pigi, Twic East, and Fangak. Jonglei State is the largest state by area before reorganisation, with an area of approximately 122,581 km2, as well as the most populous according to the 2008 census conducted in present-day South Sudan's second period of autonomy. The boundaries of the state were again changed as a result of a peace  agreement signed on 22 February 2020.

In the 21st century, Jonglei State has been marred by ethnic clashes, which the UNMISS estimated in May 2012 had affected the lives of over 140,000 people, and which have been  magnified by the broader South Sudanese conflict since December 2013.