hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 International Football Alliance season
The 2025 International Football Alliance (IFA) season was the first  season of the short-lived cross-border professional American football league that aimed to operate teams in both the United States and Mexico. The season was marred by instability, financial controversy, and multiple team withdrawals, leading analysts and reporters to describe it as one of the most chaotic launches in alternative football history.

Texas Pioneros
Texas Pioneros are a professional American football team based in Georgetown, Texas. The Pioneros compete in the International Football Alliance (IFA) and plays their home games at Bernard Birkelbach Field.

The team is expected to play in the International Football Alliance (IFA), after relocating to Dallas, Texas. and then relocating to Georgetown, Texas.

The team formally changed its name to the Dallas Pioneros once joining the International Football Alliance, the team was moved from Querétaro, Mexico to Dallas, Texas to Georgetown, Texas.
Wayne Gardner
Wayne Michael Gardner AM (born 11 October 1959) is an Australian former professional motorcycle and touring car racer. He competed in the Grand Prix motorcycle racing world championships from 1986 to 1992, most prominently as a member of the Honda factory racing team where he became the first Australian to win motorcycling's premier class in 1987. His success on the world motorcycle road racing circuit earned him the nickname The Wollongong Whiz.

After his motorcycle racing career, Gardner competed in touring car racing from 1993 to 2002. Both of his sons, Remy and Luca, are motorcycle racers.

Motorcycle racing
The motorcycle sport of racing (also called moto racing and motorbike racing) includes motorcycle road racing and off-road racing, both either on circuits or open courses, and track racing. Other categories include hill climbs, drag racing and land speed record trials.
Pseudomonas virus gh1
Bacteriophage gh-1 is a bacteriophage capable of infecting susceptible strains of Pseudomonas putida. It is a member of the genus Ghunavirus, family Autotranscriptaviridae, order Autographivirales. It was first isolated in 1966 from a sample taken from the aeration tank at a sewage plant in East Lansing, Michigan.

Sedimentation analysis indicates that gh-1 carries its genetic payload in the form of a 37,359 bp linear strand of dsDNA, inside an icosahedronal capsid 50 nm in diameter.

One-step growth experiments indicate that the latent period is approximately 21 min, with a burst size of 103.

It has been shown that this phage group requires an intact O-antigen on its host's outer membrane in order to successfully replicate and it is thus likely that lipopolysaccharide acts as the phage receptor.

Pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas putida is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, saprophytic soil bacterium. It has a versatile metabolism and is amenable to genetic manipulation, making it a common organism used in research, bioremediation, and synthesis of chemicals and other compounds.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has listed P. putida strain KT2440 as Host-vector system safety level 1 certified (HV-1), indicating that it is safe to use without any extra precautions. Thus, use of P. putida in many research labs is preferable to some other Pseudomonas species, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, for example, which is an opportunistic pathogen.
LBQS 1429-008
LBQS 1429-008 (QQ 1429−008, QQ 1432−0106, QQQ J1432−0106) is a distant physical triple quasar located 10.5 billion light years away from Earth in the constellation of Virgo. It was discovered in 1989 by Paul Hewett and his colleagues from the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge in England.

Originally a binary pair instead of a gravitational lensed quasar, a third quasar component was found in LBQS 1429-008 during an observation by a team of researchers from Keck Observatory who used a 10-meter telescope. This makes them the first physical triple quasar discovered. The system has an estimated separation of 30-50 kiloparsecs.

Gravitational lens
A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle, that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer. The amount of gravitational lensing is described by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. If light is treated as corpuscles travelling at the speed of light, Newtonian physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.

Orest Khvolson (1924) and Frantisek Link (1936) are generally credited with being the first to discuss the effect in print, but it is more commonly associated with Einstein, who made unpublished calculations on it in 1912 and published an article on the subject in 1936.

In 1937, Fritz Zwicky posited that galaxy clusters could act as gravitational lenses, a claim confirmed in 1979 by observation of the Twin QSO SBS 0957+561.
Canon Ōita Factory
The Canon Ōita Factory in Ōita, Japan, is Canon's main digital imaging product plant and manufactures products such as the PowerShot, IXUS compacts, DSLR cameras, and camcorders. The plant manufactured up to 6.8 million products in 2005.

Since 1999, the factory has moved away from assembly line production to cell based production with teams of up to 20 workers. Each cell can assemble 500 camcorders in an eight-hour shift.

Canon invested 27.6 billion yen to expand the factory in two stages between 2004 and 2005.

Assembly line
An assembly line, often called progressive assembly, is a manufacturing process where the unfinished product moves in a direct line from workstation to workstation, with parts added in sequence until the final product is completed. By mechanically moving parts to workstations and transferring the unfinished product from one workstation to another, a finished product can be assembled faster and with less labor than having workers carry parts to a stationary product.

Assembly lines are common methods of assembling complex items such as automobiles and other transportation equipment, household appliances and electronic goods.

Workers in charge of the works of assembly line are called assemblers.
Onitama
Onitama is a strategy board game for two players created in 2014 by Japanese game designer Shimpei Sato and launched by Arcane Wonders. In Germany, the game was launched by Pegasus Games in 2017. It is thematically based on the different fighting styles of Japanese martial arts.

The game had a digital release in 2018.

Japanese martial arts
Japanese martial arts refers to the variety of martial arts native to the country of Japan. At least three Japanese terms (budō, bujutsu, and bugei) are used interchangeably with the English phrase Japanese martial arts.

The usage of the term budō (武道) to mean martial arts is a modern one: historically the term meant a way of life encompassing physical, spiritual and moral dimensions with a focus on self-improvement, fulfillment or personal growth. The terms bujutsu (武術) and bugei (武芸) have different meanings from budō, at least historically speaking. Bujutsu refers specifically to the practical application of martial tactics and techniques in actual combat. Bugei refers to the adaptation or refinement of those tactics and techniques to facilitate systematic instruction and dissemination within a formal learning environment.
Vipassī
In Buddhist tradition, Vipassī (Pāli) is the twenty-second of twenty-eight Buddhas described in Chapter 27 of the Buddhavaṃsa. The Buddhavamsa is a Buddhist text which describes the life of Gautama Buddha and the twenty-seven Buddhas who preceded him. It is the fourteenth book of the Khuddaka Nikāya, which in turn is part of the Sutta Piṭaka. The Sutta Piṭaka is one of three pitakas (main sections) which together constitute the Tripiṭaka, or Pāli Canon of Theravada Buddhism.

The third to the last Buddha of the Alamkarakalpa, Vipassī was preceded by Phussa Buddha and succeeded by Sikhī Buddha.

Phussa
According to Theravada Buddhism's Pali canon's Buddhavamsa and its commentary, Phussa is the twenty-first of twenty-seven Buddhas who preceded the historical Gotama Buddha. He was also the second Buddha of the Maṇḍa kalpa.

In the Buddhavamsa, he is described as:

Phussa Buddha removed the darkness, calmed the world and gave the Dhamma rain.

Phussa was 58 cubits, or 87 feet tall and was frequently compared with the sun and the moon.
Lucas Chávez (volleyball)
Lucas Matías Chávez (born April 3, 1982 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine volleyball player of Cyprus powerhouse Anorthosis Famagusta and Argentina men's national volleyball team. Chávez is 199 cm and weighs 95 kg.

He started his career with Club Italiano in Argentina and also played with Guaynabo Mets in Puerto Rico (2009–10) and Fenerbahçe Istanbul (2006–07) in Turkey and Hypo Tirol Innsbruck in Austria (2003–04). He was selected European Top Teams Cup Best Scorer in 2004 when he was playing for Innsbruck.

Club Italiano
Club Italiano is an Argentine sports club which headquarters located in Caballito, Buenos Aires. The hosts many activities such as basketball, basque pelota, field hockey, football, gymnastics, martial arts, rugby union, swimming, tennis and volleyball.

The rugby union team currently plays in the Torneo de la URBA Grupo II, the second division of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires league system. Club's stadium is located in Bajo Flores, Buenos Aires.
Philip Gossett
Philip Gossett (September 27, 1941 – June 12, 2017) was an American musicologist and historian, and Robert W. Reneker Distinguished Service Professor of Music at the University of Chicago. His lifelong interest in 19th-century Italian opera began with listening to Metropolitan Opera broadcasts in his youth. Divas and Scholars: Performing Italian Opera, a major work on the subject, won the Otto Kinkeldey Award of the American Musicological Society as best book on music of 2006.

Philip Gossett's contributions to opera scholarship and how they can influence operatic performance may best be summed up by Newsday's comment that "some encomiasts claim that soprano Maria Callas did as much for Italian opera as Arturo Toscanini or Verdi. Musicologist Philip Gossett arguably has done as much for Italian opera as any of those geniuses."

Bärenreiter
Bärenreiter (Bärenreiter-Verlag) is a German classical music publishing house based in Kassel.  The firm was founded by Karl Vötterle (1903–1975) in Augsburg in 1923, and moved to Kassel in 1927, where it still has its headquarters; it also has offices in Basel, London, New York and Prague. The company is currently managed by Barbara Scheuch-Vötterle, Leonhard Scheuch and Clemens Scheuch.

Since 1951, Bärenreiter has expanded its production through acquisitions and the creation of subsidiaries. From this time, the company's focus has been on the New Complete Editions series for various composers. These are urtext editions, and cover the entire work of the selected composer.  Series include: J. S. Bach (the Neue Bach-Ausgabe, a joint project with the Deutscher Verlag für Musik), Berlioz, Fauré, Gluck, Handel, Janáček, Mozart (Neue Mozart-Ausgabe), Rossini, Saint-Saëns, Schubert (New Schubert Edition), Telemann and others.
Mammadgulu Shushinski
Mammadgulu Shushinski or Dabbakh Mammadgulu (Azerbaijani: Məmmədqulu Şuşinski or Dabbax Məmmədqulu, 1874 – March 1929) was a 19th–20th century Azerbaijani singer-khananda, representative of the Karabakh mugham school.

Karabakh Shikastasi (mode)
Karabakh Shikastasi (Azerbaijani: Qarabağ şikəstəsi) — is one of the rhythmic Azerbaijani mughams. It is a macama-based segah. Musical size - 2/4. It is performed at a heavy pace. After each verse sung by the singer, a different melody (instrumental episode) is played. It is considered one of the most popular shikeste - lyrical extended songs.

"Karabakh Shikeste" was used in the opera"Asli and Kerem" of Uzeyir Hajibeyov, "Shah Ismail" of Muslim Magomayev,"Shahsenem" of Reingold Glier. The melody of this mugham is played in the 28 May metro station in Baku.

It is believed that "Karabakh shikestesi" was performed with special brilliance by the Peoples Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR Khan Shushinsky. ( listen the mugham performed by Khan Shushinskyⓘ)
Habibas Islands
The Habibas Islands (Arabic: جزر حبيبة) 35°43′29″N 1°8′00″W﻿ / ﻿35.72472°N 1.13333°W﻿ / 35.72472; -1.13333 comprise a small archipelago of two small, rocky islands, Gharbia and Charguia, located about 12 km off the Algerian coast, north-west of Oran. Administratively, they lie within Bou Zedjar municipality in Aïn Témouchent Province, Algeria. The islands and surrounding waters constitute the Iles Habibas Marine Nature Reserve. The islands have been classified as a marine nature reserve since 2003. They have been included since 2005 on the list of Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI).

Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance
Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI) are sites "of importance for conserving the components of biological diversity in the Mediterranean; contain ecosystems specific to the Mediterranean area or the habitats of endangered species; are of special interest at the scientific, aesthetic, cultural or educational levels".
Hardening (computing)
In computer security, hardening or system hardening is usually the process of securing a system by making it a 'hard target' by reducing its attack surface vulnerabilities. The attack surface is larger when a system performs more functions; in principle a single-function system is more secure than a multipurpose one. Hardening is considered an important component of cybersecurity.

Reducing available ways of attack typically includes changing default passwords, the removal of unnecessary software, unnecessary usernames or logins, and the disabling or removal of unnecessary services. It may also involve patching vulnerabilities and switching off ancillary services that are not essential. Hardening measures can also include setting up intrusion prevention systems, disabling or restricting accounts, reducing file system permissions, using encrypted network connections and enabling host-based network security.

File-system permissions
Typically, a file system maintains permission settings for each stored item – commonly files and directories – that either grant or deny the ability to manipulate file system items. Often the settings allow controlling access based on function such as read, change, navigate, and execute and to different users and groups of users.

One well-established technology was developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX. Another common technology is an access-control list (ACL) with multiple variants implemented in file systems and one codified by POSIX. Since POSIX defines both the older Unix-based technology as well as ACLs, the former is called traditional POSIX permissions for clarity even though it is not a well-known term.

A permission-driven user interface tailors the functionality available to the user based on file system item permissions. For example, the interface might hide menu options that are not allowed based on the permissions stored for an item.
Dikastro
Dikastro (Greek: Δίκαστρο), meaning "two castles", is a small village in the northwest of Phthiotis in Central Greece, very close to the borders with Evrytania and Karditsa. Built on the verdant rocky landscape between Mounts Tymfristos and Mavrorachi, it is located 35 km away from Karpenisi, 61 km from Lamia and 275 km from Athens. It stands at an altitude of 850m (central square) and comprises two settlements, separated by creek Dikastriotis, one of the main streams flowing onto the river Spercheios.

Phthiotis
Phthiotis (Greek: Φθιώτιδα, Fthiótida [fθi'otiða]; ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Φθιῶτις) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Central Greece. The capital is the city of Lamia.  It is bordered by the Malian Gulf to the east, Boeotia in the south, Phocis in the south, Aetolia-Acarnania in the southwest, Evrytania in the west, Karditsa regional unit in the north, Larissa regional unit in the north, and Magnesia in the northeast.  The name dates back to ancient times. It is best known as the home of Achilles.
Portland State Vikings football
The Portland State Vikings football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the Portland State University located in the U.S. state of Oregon. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) as a member of the Big Sky Conference. The school's first football team was fielded in 1947. The team plays its home games at the 7,600 seat Hillsboro Stadium. Viking football practice takes place on campus at the Peter W. Stott Field.

NCAA Division II independent schools
NCAA Division II independent schools are four-year institutions that compete in college athletics at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level, but do not belong to an established college athletic conference for a particular sport. These schools may however still compete as members of an athletic conference in other sports. A school may also be fully independent, and not belong to any athletic conference for any sport at all. The reason for independent status varies among institutions, but it is frequently because the school's primary athletic conference does not sponsor a particular sport.
Lake Techirghiol
Techirghiol is a lake in Northern Dobruja, Romania, located by the towns of Eforie and Techirghiol, near a Ramsar site. It is separated from the Black Sea coast by a narrow strip of land on which the national road DN39 (part of European route E87) and the CFR Main Line 800 run, joining the port cities of Constanța and Mangalia.

European route E87
European route E 87 is part of the United Nations international E-road network. It is an important north–south road on the coast of Black Sea, running from Odesa (Ukraine), Tulcea (Romania), Constanţa (Romania), Varna (Bulgaria), Burgas (Bulgaria), Çanakkale (Turkey), İzmir (Turkey) to Antalya (Turkey).
Hiroyuki Nishimura
Hiroyuki Nishimura (西村 博之, Nishimura Hiroyuki; born 16 November 1976) is a Japanese internet entrepreneur. He founded the message board 2channel, and is an administrator of 4chan. He is also a self-help author and TV personality.: PT38  He is often known by his given name, hiroyuki (ひろゆき), which he uses, rendered intentionally in lowercase, both as a pen name and as a username.

Until February 2013, he was a director of, and advisor to, Niwango, operator of the video-sharing service niconico.

Christopher Poole, the founder of 4chan, formally announced on 21 September 2015, that he had sold the website to Nishimura. After a dispute with 2channel's hosting provider, Nishimura no longer administrates 2channel, but instead operates a competitor to it, 2ch.sc.

User (computing)
A user is a person who uses a computer or network service. A user typically has a user account and is recognized by the system through a username. Some software products provide services to other systems and have no direct end users.
Eve Sweetser
Eve Eliot Sweetser is a professor of linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. She received her Ph.D. in Linguistics from UC Berkeley in 1984, and has been a member of the Berkeley faculty since that time. She has served as Director of Berkeley's undergraduate Cognitive Science Program and is Director of the Celtic Studies Program.

Sweetser has published articles on topics including modality, polysemy, metaphor, conditional constructions, grammatical meaning, performativity, gesture, and Medieval Welsh poetics. Some of her more accessible work focuses on gesture, but her other research interests include historical linguistics, semantics, metaphor and iconicity, subjectivity and viewpoint, and the Celtic language family.

Iconicity
In functional-cognitive linguistics, as well as in semiotics, iconicity is the conceived similarity or analogy between the form of a sign (linguistic or otherwise) and its meaning, as opposed to arbitrariness (which is typically assumed in structuralist, formalist and generative approaches to linguistics). The principle of iconicity is also shared by the approach of linguistic typology.

Iconic principles:

Quantity principle: conceptual complexity corresponds to formal complexity

Proximity principle: conceptual distance tends to match linguistic distance

Sequential order principle: the sequential order of events described is mirrored in the speech chain
Geology of Fujian
Fujian is a south eastern coastal province of China. The eastern half of the province is largely covered by Jurassic Period acid volcanic rocks and Cretaceous tuffaceous sandstone.  However, there are rocks of a variety of ages including the oldest around 1800 Ma (million years old).  The deposits from the Triassic are predominantly on land, whereas the older ones are marine sediments.

Prior to the Ediacaran the continent was assembled from several terranes.  In the early Paleozoic the environment was a continental slope.  In the later Paleozoic the area was a platform, and from the Mesozoic period till now it has been affected by the edge of the Pacific Ocean.

Fusulinidae
The Fusulinidae is a family of fusulinoidean foraminifera from the upper Carboniferous (Lower Pennsylvanian, Morrowan) to the Upper Permian (Guadalupian), tests of which are fusiform to subcylindrical with walls of two to four layers. Are planispirally coiled throughout or with early whorls at a distinct angle to the later plane of coiling. Septa, flat to well fluted; tunnel, single; chomata variable in development.
Frank Bournois
Frank Bournois (born 23 November 1962) is a French academic. He was appointed on 17 February 2023 to be the vice-president and dean of CEIBS, effective 1 April 2023, under the presidency of Professor Wang Hong and Dominique Turpin. He was previously the Executive President and dean of ESCP Business School from August 2014 to January 2023, and professor of general management, European management and cross-cultural leadership at Panthéon-Assas University (Paris II). He specialises in the study of how very large corporate organisations identify, develop and manage their future top level leaders.

Dominique Turpin
Dominique V. Turpin (born 12 January 1957) is a French and Swiss marketing scholar and academic administrator, currently serving as European President and Professor of Marketing at the China Europe International Business School (CEIBS). A professor in marketing strategy with a specialization in branding, he previously held the Dentsu Chair in Marketing and served as President, Dean, and Nestlé Professor at the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) in Switzerland between 2010 and 2016. Before joining IMD in 1986, Turpin worked in Japan as a representative of a French firm.
Pachal (surname)
Pachal is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brayden Pachal (born 1999), Canadian ice hockey player

Clayton Pachal (1956–2021), Canadian ice hockey player

Vern Pachal (born 1930), Canadian ice hockey player

Clayton Pachal
Clayton Edward Pachal (April 21, 1956 – February 7, 2021) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He played 36 games in the National Hockey League between 1977 and 1978 with the Boston Bruins and Colorado Rockies.
RTAF-5
The RTAF-5, officially designated B.ThO.5 (Thai: บ.ทอ.๕), is a Thai training and forward air control aircraft developed and built by the Science and Weapon Systems Development Centre of the Royal Thai Air Force in the 1980s.  It was a twin-boom configuration aircraft powered by a single pusher turboprop engine, but only a single example was built.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.