hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Traditional Chinese Studies Institute
Traditional Chinese Studies Institute (Chinese: 国学研究院; pinyin: Guóxué yánjiù yuàn) is a 2001 oil painting by Chinese painter Chen Danqing. It portrays five masters of Chinese language and literature who taught at Tsinghua University, Zhao Yuanren, Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Chen Yinque and Wu Mi.

From 2000 to 2004, Chen was the professor at the Academy of Arts & Design, Tsinghua University. He created this painting in 2001 to celebrate the 90th anniversary of Tsinghua University's founding.

This painting was sold in 2007 in an auction in Beijing by Beijing Poly International Auction Co. for RMB¥13.44 million. In 2012, it was sold again for RMB¥20.7 million in an auction by China Guardian Auctions Co.

Wang Guowei
Wang Guowei (Chinese: 王國維; 2 December 1877 – 2 June 1927) or Wang Kuo-wei, courtesy name Jing'an (靜安) or Boyu (伯隅), was a Chinese historian and poet. A versatile scholar, he made important contributions to the studies of ancient history, epigraphy, philology, vernacular literature and literary theory.
Robert White (judge)
Robert White (March 29, 1759 – March 9, 1831) was a distinguished early American military officer, lawyer, judge, and politician in the U.S. state of Virginia.

White represented Frederick County in the Virginia House of Delegates (1789–1792) and served as a judge of the General Court of Virginia (1793–1831). Prior to his political and law careers, White served in the Virginia militia and Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

White was the grandson of Virginia pioneer settler and physician Dr. Robert White (1688–1752) and thus a member of the prominent White political family of Virginia and West Virginia. He was the nephew of United States House Representative Alexander White (1738–1804) and the brother of United States House Representative Francis White (1761–1826).

Musket
A musket is a muzzle-loaded long gun that appeared as a smoothbore weapon in the early 16th century, at first as a heavier variant of the arquebus, capable of penetrating plate armour. By the mid-16th century, this type of musket gradually disappeared as the use of heavy armour declined, but musketeers continued as the generic term for smoothbore long sticks until the mid-19th century. In turn, this style of musket was retired in the 19th century when rifled muskets (simply called rifles in modern terminology) using the Minié ball (invented by Claude-Étienne Minié in 1849) became common. The development of breech-loading firearms using self-contained cartridges, introduced by Casimir Lefaucheux in 1835, began to make muskets obsolete. The first reliable repeating rifles, the 1860 Henry rifle and its 1866 descendant the Winchester rifle, superseded muskets entirely. Repeating rifles quickly established themselves as the standard for rifle design, ending the era of the musket.
Telekinesis
Telekinesis (from Ancient Greek  τηλε- (tēle-) 'far off' and  -κίνησις (-kínēsis) 'motion') (alternatively called psychokinesis) is a purported psychic ability allowing an individual to influence a physical system without physical interaction. Simply put, it is the moving or manipulating of objects with the mind, without directly touching them. Experiments to prove the existence of telekinesis have historically been criticized for lack of proper controls and repeatability. There is no reliable evidence that telekinesis is a real phenomenon, and the topic is generally regarded as pseudoscience.

Richard Wiseman
Richard John Wiseman (born 16 September 1966) is a professor of the public understanding of psychology at the University of Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom. He has written several psychology books. He has given keynote addresses to the Royal Society, the Swiss Economic Forum, Google and Amazon. He is a fellow for the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry and a patron of Humanists UK. Wiseman is also the creator of the YouTube channels Quirkology and In59Seconds.
Kima Greggs
Shakima "Kima" Greggs is a fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire, played by actress Sonja Sohn. Greggs is a determined and capable police detective in the Baltimore Police Department. Openly lesbian, she often displays a hardened, cynical demeanor, and has had problems with infidelity, alcohol, and relationships. She plays a key role in all of her BPD details' main cases.

Infidelity
Infidelity (synonyms include cheating, having an affair, adultery, being unfaithful, non-consensual non-monogamy, straying or two-timing) is a violation of a couple's emotional or sexual exclusivity that commonly results in feelings of anger, sexual jealousy, and rivalry.

What constitutes infidelity depends on expectations within the relationship. In marital relationships, exclusivity is commonly assumed. Infidelity can cause psychological damage, including feelings of rage and betrayal, depression, low sexual and personal confidence, and even post-traumatic stress disorder. People of both sexes can experience social consequences if their act of infidelity becomes public, but the form and extent of these consequences can depend on the gender of the unfaithful person.
Vajs
Vajs (feminine: Vajsová) is a Slovak surname, a Slovakised form od the German surname Weiss. Notable people with the surname include:

Jozef Vajs (born 1997), Slovak footballer

Miroslav Vajs (born 1979), Macedonian footballer

Roman Vajs (born 1974), Slovak slalom canoer

Slovak name
Slovak names consist of a given name and surname. Slovakia uses the Western name order with the given name being listed before surname. However, there is a historical tradition to reverse this order, especially in official contexts including administrative papers and legal documents, as well as on gravestones and memorials.

Most Slovaks do not have a middle name. The family name forms for males and females are distinct in Slovakia, making it possible to identify gender from the name alone. As of 2003 there were 185,288 different family names in use among 5.4 million Slovaks, or one family name for every 29 citizens. There is an estimated 90,000 lineages in Slovakia. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname. Slovak names are very similar to Czech names.
Run down
Run down, also referred to as rundown, run dun, rondón, fling-me-far, and fling mi for, is a stew dish in Jamaican cuisine and Tobago cuisine. The traditional Jamaican dish is eaten in several Latin American countries that share a coast with the Caribbean Sea.

It consists of a soup made up of reduced coconut milk, with different types of seafood (fish, crabs, small lobsters or shellfish), plantain, yam, tomato, onion, and seasonings. Mackerel and salted mackerel are often used in the dish. Other fish are also used, including locally caught fish, cod, salt cod, shad, other oily fish, red snapper, swordfish, pickled fish, bull pizzle, and cassava. Traditionally, the dish is served with side dishes of dumplings or baked breadfruit.

Run down is typically available in Jamaican restaurants, and is also a traditional Jamaican breakfast dish. It is a common dish in the Antilles, insular Colombia, Honduras, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Venezuela, also.

Dumpling
Dumplings are a broad class of dishes that consist of pieces of cooked dough (made from a variety of starchy sources), often wrapped around a filling. The dough can be based on bread, wheat or other flours, or potatoes, and it may be filled with meat, fish, tofu, cheese, vegetables, or a combination. Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of cooking methods and are found in many world cuisines.

One of the earliest mentions of dumplings comes from the Chinese scholar Shu Xi who mentions them in a fu poem 1,700 years ago. In addition, archaeologically preserved dumplings have been found in Turfan, Xinjiang, China dating back over 1,000 years.
The Way of a Man
The Way of a Man is a 1924 American silent Western film serial directed by George B. Seitz. Pathé Exchange also released it as a 9-reel film later in 1924. Both the serial and the film version are considered to be lost.

Reel
A reel is a tool used to store elongated and flexible objects (e.g. yarns/cords, ribbons, cables, hoses, etc.) by wrapping the material around a cylindrical core known as a spool. Many reels also have flanges (known as the rims) around the ends of the spool to help retain the wrapped material and prevent unwanted slippage off the ends. In most cases, the reel spool is hollow in order to pass an axle and allow it to spin like a wheel, a winding process known as reeling, which can be done by manually turning the reel with handles or cranks, or by machine-powered rotating via (typically electric) motors.
Elymus stebbinsii
Elymus stebbinsii is a species of wild rye known by the common name Parish wheatgrass. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the forests and chaparral of many of the coastal and inland mountain ranges. It is a perennial grass growing up to 1.2 meters tall. The inflorescence is a narrow, linear series of single-spikelet nodes up to 25 centimeters long. Each spikelet is up to 2 centimeters long with a short awn of just a few millimeters.

Chaparral
Chaparral (/ˌʃæpəˈræl, ˌtʃæp-/ SHAP-ə-RAL, CHAP-) is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, southern Oregon, and northern Baja California, part of the California floristic province. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and infrequent, high-intensity crown fires. Many chaparral shrubs have hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, as contrasted with the associated soft-leaved, drought-deciduous, scrub community of coastal sage scrub, found often on drier, southern-facing slopes.

Three other closely related chaparral shrubland systems occur in southern Arizona, western Texas, and along the eastern side of central Mexico's mountain chains, all having summer rains in contrast to the Mediterranean climate of other chaparral formations.
AN/ALE-50 towed decoy system
The AN/ALE-50 towed decoy system is an electronic countermeasure system designed and manufactured by Raytheon to protect multiple US military aircraft from air-to-air and surface-to-air radar-guided missiles. The ALE-50 towed decoy system is an anti-missile countermeasures decoy used on U.S. Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps aircraft, and by air forces of other countries. The system is manufactured by Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems (now RTX Corporation) at its facility in Goleta, California. The ALE-50 system consists of a launcher and launch controller installed on the aircraft (usually on a wing pylon), with one or more expendable towed decoys. Each decoy is delivered in a sealed canister with a ten-year shelf life.

Hardpoint
A hardpoint is an attachment location on a structural frame designed to transfer force and carry an external or internal load. The term is usually used to refer to the mounting points (more formally known as a weapon station or station) on the airframe of military aircraft that carry weapons (e.g. gun pods and rocket pods), ordnances (bombs and missiles) and support equipment (e.g. flares and countermeasures, targeting pods or drop tanks), and also include hardpoints (also known as pylons) on the wings or fuselage of a military transport aircraft, commercial airliner or private jet where external turbofan jet engines are often mounted.
Queen Jiang (King Xuan of Zhou)
Queen Jiang (Chinese: 姜后), or Qi Jiang, was the consort of King Xuan of Zhou and the mother of King You of Zhou. She was a daughter of the duke of Qi, and as such a member of the Jiang clan which traditionally provided brides to marry the princes of the Zhou dynasty.

Jiang (surname)
Jiang / Chiang can be a Mandarin transliteration of one of several Chinese surnames:

Jiǎng (surname 蔣) (蔣), commonly spelled as Jiǎng, Chiang, Cheung, Jang, Chioh

Jiāng (surname 江) (江), commonly spelled as Jiāng, Chiang, Gong, Kong, Kang, Kiang

Jiāng (surname 姜) (姜), commonly spelled as Jiāng, Kang, Gang, Geung, Gung, Chiang, Keung, Keong, Kiang

強, commonly spelled as Jiàng, Gang, Geong, Geung, Khiang, Qiang, Chiang
Davut Gül
Davut Gül (born 1974 Horasan, Erzurum) is a Turkish bureaucrat and the current Governor of Istanbul.

He graduated from Near East University's Department of International Relations. He started his political career as a candidate for Kaymakam (English: District governor) in Gaziantep.

In 2009 he won the "Martyr Kaymakam Ersin Ateş" award for "District Governor of the Year". In 2015 he was assigned to the Ministry of Interior General Directorate of Local Administrations head of department.

Kaymakam
Kaymakam, also known by many other romanizations, was a title used by various officials of the Ottoman Empire, including acting grand viziers, governors of provincial sanjaks, and administrators of district kazas. The title has been retained and is sometimes used without translation for provincial or subdistrict governors in various Ottoman successor states, including the Republic of Turkey, Kuwait, Iraq, and Lebanon.
Long Good Thursday
Long Good Thursday (Finnish: Mielensäpahoittajan rakkaustarina, literally The Grump's Love Story) is a 2024 Finnish comedy film directed by Mika Kaurismäki.

The film is based on Tuomas Kyrö's novel of the same name and was adapted for the screen by Sami Keski-Vähälä. Filming began in September 2023, taking place in the Helsinki metropolitan area and Uusimaa region.

Heikki Kinnunen reprised his role as the Grump, while Jaana Saarinen portrayed Saimi, the object of his affection.

The film is the fourth installment in The Grump film series and the second directed by Mika Kaurismäki. It is produced by Solar Films and distributed by Nordisk Film.

Solar Films
Solar Films Inc Oy is a Finnish film production company, which was founded in 1995.  Solar Films' productions have won a total of 41 Jussi Awards, and three Oscar nominations.

Besides feature films and television drama, Solar Films have also produced thousands of hours of TV entertainment for Finnish TV channels. Solar Films is owned by Egmont and Markus Selin. The company's CEO is Jukka Helle. In 2009, Solar Films bought the majority of production company Bronson Club.
Eddie Wood
Edwin Kimmell Wood (November 29, 1879 – April 29, 1926) was an early professional football player for the Latrobe Athletic Association, the Franklin Athletic Club and finally for the Canton Bulldogs of the "Ohio League". He also played on Dave Berry's Western Pennsylvania All-Star team, a collection of early football star players, that was designed to compete with the star-heavy Duquesne Country and Athletic Club on December 3, 1898, at Exposition Park in Pittsburgh. In 1902 he played in the first National Football League for the Philadelphia Phillies. He also played for Franklin when it won the 1903 World Series of Football over the Watertown Red & Black at Madison Square Garden. Wood later became one of the first professional players to catch forward passes when they became legal in 1906.

National Football League (1902)
The first National Football League (NFL) was the first attempt at forming a national professional American football league in 1902. This league has no ties with the modern National Football League. In fact the league was only composed of teams from Pennsylvania, which meant it was actually regional, despite having locations in the two largest cities in Pennsylvania. Two of the teams were based in Philadelphia, while the third was based in Pittsburgh. This NFL was a curious mixture of football players and baseball players who adapted to playing football. Future Baseball Hall of Famer Rube Waddell was with the Philadelphia Athletics, and pitcher Christy Mathewson a fullback for Pittsburgh. Two of the three teams were owned by the Philadelphia Phillies and Philadelphia Athletics, with the third team suspected of being owned by the Pittsburgh Pirates. The league folded after the 1902 season.
Akilu Aliyu
Alhaji Dr. Aliyu Akilu M.F.R (1918 – October 19, 1999) also known as Malam Akilu Aliyu or Aqilu Aliyu was a Nigerian poet, writer, scholar, politician and one of the greatest Hausa poets of the twentieth century.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Nigeria
Nigerian National Honours are a set of orders and decorations conferred upon Nigerians and friends of Nigeria every year. They were instituted by the National Honors Act No. 5 of 1964, during the First Nigerian Republic, to honour Nigerians who have rendered service to the benefit of the nation.

These honours are distinct from the honours that are part of the country's ancient chieftaincy system, which is a separate (but also legally defined) entity. National Honours are the highest honours or awards that a citizen can receive from their country for service to the country.
Pasting lemma
In topology, the pasting or gluing lemma, and sometimes the gluing rule, is an important result which says that two continuous functions can be "glued together" to create another continuous function. The lemma is implicit in the use of piecewise functions. For example, in the book Topology and Groupoids, where the condition given for the statement below is that  and

The pasting lemma is crucial to the construction of the fundamental group and fundamental groupoid of a topological space; it allows one to concatenate paths to create a new path.

Lemma (mathematics)
In mathematics and other fields, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is a generally minor, proven proposition which is used to prove a larger statement. For that reason, it is also known as a "helping theorem" or an "auxiliary theorem". In many cases, a lemma derives its importance from the theorem it aims to prove; however, a lemma can also turn out to be more important than originally thought.
Thomas Garrett (bishop)
Thomas Samuel Garrett (died 10 April 1980) was an Anglican bishop in the Church of South India: he was the Bishop in Tirunelveli from 1971 to 1974.

Garrett attended Christ's College, Cambridge and trained for the ministry at Ridley Hall. He was made deacon in Advent 1937 (19 December) and ordained priest the following Advent (18 December 1938) — both times by Arthur Winnington-Ingram, Bishop of London, at St Paul's Cathedral. He then served his title (curacy) at St Mary, Stoke Newington. He spent 34 years serving with the Church Mission Society; a theological educator, he was Vice-Principal of Tirumaraiyur, 1946–1963. He was also an academic in western Africa, holding a lectureship at the University of Nigeria.

Resigning his See in 1974, he returned to England to serve as Rector of Hallaton, Assistant Bishop of Leicester (from 1975) and an honorary canon of the cathedral.

Christ's College, Cambridge
Christ's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college includes the master, the fellows of the college, and about 450 undergraduate and 250 graduate students. The college was founded by William Byngham in 1437 as God's House. In 1505, the college was granted a new royal charter, was given a substantial endowment by Lady Margaret Beaufort, and changed its name to Christ's College, becoming the twelfth of the Cambridge colleges to be founded in its modern form.

Alumni of the college include the poet John Milton, the naturalist Charles Darwin, as well as the Nobel Laureates Martin Evans, James Meade, Alexander Todd, Duncan Haldane, and John Clarke. The Master is Lord McDonald of Salford.
Pilaitė
Pilaitė is an eldership in Vilnius, Lithuania. It occupies 13.92 km2 (5.37 sq mi). According to the 2011 census, it had a population of 20,320. Although being one of the newest elderships in Vilnius, with many buildings under construction, Pilaitė used to be a place with a medieval castle, rebuilt in Renaissance style in the 16th century, which guarded roads to the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the West. The castle was destroyed during the Battle of Vilnius and was never rebuilt, but the place retained its name. It is mainly known to Vilnius residents by the two lakes it borders - Salotė and Gėlužis. Pilaitė is also known for its old windmill, which is not far away from Salotė Lake. It is known that there used to be a farm near that windmill, with some of the stone structures still standing.

Battle of Vilnius (1655)
The Battle of Vilnius was an attack by Russian and Cossack forces on Vilnius, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, that occurred on 8 August 1655 during the Russo-Polish War (1654–67). The Polish–Lithuanian forces under the leadership of Great Hetman Janusz Radziwiłł were defeated by the Russian army of Alexis of Russia. It was the first time that a foreign power managed to capture the Vilnius Castle Complex. The six-year Muscovite occupation that followed resulted in a major depopulation and a decline of the city for many years to come. The defeat was one of the reasons Janusz Radziwiłł and several other Lithuanian magnates surrendered the Grand Duchy to Sweden at the Union of Kėdainiai.
Obstruent
An obstruent (/ˈɒbstruənt/ OB-stroo-ənt) is a speech sound such as [k], [d͡ʒ], or [f] that is formed by obstructing airflow. Obstruents contrast with sonorants, which have no such obstruction and so resonate. All obstruents are consonants, but sonorants include vowels as well as consonants.

Phone (phonetics)
In phonetics (a branch of linguistics), a phone is any distinct speech sound. It is any surface-level or unanalyzed sound of a language, the smallest identifiable unit occurring inside a stream of speech. In spoken human language, a phone is thus any vowel or consonant sound (or semivowel sound). In sign languages, a phone is the equivalent of a unit of gesture.
Archibald Campbell (notary)
Archibald Campbell (June 29, 1790 – July 16, 1862) was a seigneur and notary in Lower Canada.

Campbell was born in the town of Quebec in 1790, the son of merchant Archibald Campbell. He studied law with Jacques Voyer, qualified to practice as a notary in 1812 and set up practice at Quebec. He joined the local militia during the War of 1812. In 1817, Campbell married Agnes George. In 1821, he was named a King's Notary. The historian François-Xavier Garneau trained as a notary with Campbell and, during that time, took advantage of his extensive library. In 1822, Campbell purchased the seigneury of Le Bic. He helped found the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec.

Campbell died at Le Bic in 1862.

Seigneur
A seigneur (French pronunciation: [sɛɲœʁ] ⓘ) or lord is an originally feudal title in France before the Revolution, in New France and British North America until 1854, and in the Channel Islands to this day. The seigneur owned a seigneurie, seigneury, or lordship—a form of title or land tenure—as a fief, with its associated obligations and rights over person and property. In this sense, a seigneur could be an individual—male or female, high or low-born—or a collective entity, typically a religious community such as a monastery, seminary, college, or parish. Seigneurialism was repealed in Acadia in 1733, France in 1789 and the Province of Canada in 1854. Since then, the feudal title has only been applicable in the Channel Islands and for sovereign princes by their families.
2024 NAPA Auto Parts 150 (Irwindale)
The 2024 NAPA Auto Parts 150 presented by the West Coast Stock Car Motorsports Hall of Fame was the 5th stock car race of the 2024 ARCA Menards Series West season, and the 23rd iteration of the event. The race was held on Thursday, July 4, 2024, at Irwindale Speedway in Irwindale, California, a 0.50 mile (0.80 km) permanent asphalt oval shaped short track. The race contested the over 150 laps to complete. Sean Hingorani, driving for Venturini Motorsports, would dominate the race, leading all 150 laps. To fill out the podium, Isabella Robusto, driving for Venturini Motorsports, and Jake Finch, driving for Venturini Motorsports, would finish 2nd and 3rd, place respectively.

Jake Finch
James David "Jake" Finch Jr. (born June 16, 2005) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes part-time in the ARCA Menards Series, driving the No. 15 Toyota for Nitro Motorsports. He has previously competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, the ARCA Menards Series East, and the ARCA Menards Series West.