hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pinhas Golan
Pinhas Golan (Hebrew: פנחס גולן; 1924-2016) was an Israeli artist and sculptor. Golan was a Holocaust survivor and his work focused on the subject.

Golan was born in 1924 in a small village in Hungary and was 15 years old when World War II began. During the Holocaust, Golan's mother and two younger brothers—aged five and seven—were killed at Auschwitz and Golan was imprisoned in a Nazi work camp in Austria.

In 1948, Golan immigrated to Israel and joined the Israel Defense Forces, where he served for the next 22 years. He took part in the 1947–1949 Palestine war, the Sinai War, the Six-Day War, the War of Attrition and the Yom Kippur War. Golan graduated from the Art College in Ramat Gan and earned a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy and Classical Studies from Bar-Ilan University.

Golan's main work is The Blocked Gate series, which was based upon his personal experiences.

He was married to Siprha and had two sons. He died on 7 February 2016.

Bar-Ilan University
Bar-Ilan University (BIU, Hebrew: אוניברסיטת בר-אילן, Universitat Bar-Ilan) is a public research university in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat Gan, Israel. Established in 1955, Bar Ilan is Israel's second-largest academic university institution. It has 20,000 students and 1,350 faculty members.

Bar-Ilan's mission is to "blend Jewish tradition with modern technologies and scholarship and the university endeavors to ... teach the Jewish heritage to all its students while providing [an] academic education." The university is among the best in the Middle East in the fields of computer science, engineering, engineering physics and applied physics. In 2024, the university was donated $260 million, one of the biggest donations to a university in Israeli history, for investment in science. The donor wished to remain anonymous.
2008 National League Two
2008 National League Two was a semi-professional rugby league football competition played in the United Kingdom, the third tier of the sport in the country. The top two teams of this league and the winner of the play-offs were promoted to renamed Championship (formerly National League 1). There is no relegation from this league as it is the lowest tier of professional rugby league in the UK.

The competition used the points system introduced by the Rugby Football League ahead of the 2007 season in which teams earned three points for a win, two for a draw, and one bonus point for a loss by 12 points or less. Gateshead Thunder were champions and were promoted along with Barrow Raiders, who finished second, and Doncaster who won in the play-offs.

Rugby Football League
The Rugby Football League (RFL) is the governing body for rugby league in England. Founded in 1895 as the Northern Rugby Football Union following 22 clubs resigning from the Rugby Football Union, it changed its name in 1922 to the Rugby Football League.

Based at Sportcity in Manchester, it is responsible for organising professional competitions and, in association with the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA), the community game. It also provides match officials for every level as well as administering the England national team

The Rugby Football League has been a member of the International Rugby League (IRL) since 1948 and European Rugby League (ERL) since its foundation in 2003.
Mastalus II of Amalfi
Mastalus II (Italian: Mastalo) (died 958) was the first duke of Amalfi from 957 until his death.

He succeeded his father, John, as patricius in 953, when he was still a minor. He came of age in 957 and was elected dux, raising him to equal rank with the Dukes of Gaeta and Naples. In the next year, he was assassinated by Sergius of Musco Comite family on the Monte di Scala.

Dux
Dux (/dʌks, dʊks/, pl.: ducēs) is Latin for "leader" (from the noun dux, ducis, "leader, general") and later for duke and its variant forms (doge, duce, etc.). During the Roman Republic and for the first centuries of the Roman Empire, dux could refer to anyone who commanded troops, both Roman generals and foreign leaders, but was not a formal military rank.
Cape Vera
Cape Vera is an uninhabited headland on Devon Island, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. Protruding off the island's northwestern Colin Archer Peninsula, it faces Jones Sound. Often, a polynya forms in the Cardigan Strait, a waterway that separates the cape from North Kent Island.

Headland
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out, then start the same process all over again.
Halesowen Velodrome
Halesowen Velodrome is an outdoor velodrome located at Manor Abbey Stadium in Halesowen, in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the West Midlands, England. The 400m cycle track runs around the perimeter of a 350m athletics training track built for Halesowen Athletics Club.

The athletics club was formed in 1939, and joined forces with local cyclists to form Halesowen Athletic & Cycling Club. During the Second World War, the club purchased former marshland to create Manor Abbey Stadium. Due to continued flooding problems, the track was raised by one metre during the 1960s; it was resurfaced in 1992, and again in 2004 by Tarmac Limited (with grant aid from British Cycling).

During the summer months, the velodrome hosts a Friday night track league. Jessica Varnish is one notable rider to have developed her skills at the velodrome as a member of the Halesowen club.

Velodrome
A velodrome is an arena for track cycling. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks, consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights. The straights transition to the circular turn through a moderate easement curve.
Gold Coast A-League Bid
The Gold Coast A-League bid is a venture by Gold Coast United to enter a team, representing the Gold Coast and Tweed Heads area, into the top tier of Australian football after the previous license held by Gold Coast United was revoked by the FFA. The bid utilises the same brand under license from the FFA (all A-League brands are held by the FFA) but is an entirely different model (being grass-roots driven) and a different set of owners.

Robina Stadium
Robina Stadium, commercially known as Cbus Super Stadium, is a multi-purpose rectangular stadium in Robina, a suburb of Gold Coast, Queensland. It is the home ground to the National Rugby League's Gold Coast Titans, this venue sometimes hosts the A-League team Brisbane Roar FC.

Robina Stadium is also used for rugby union, association football, rugby sevens, rugby league Test Matches and has hosted Rugby League World Cup matches.

Construction of the venue started in 2006, and finished in February 2008, in time for the 2008 National Rugby League season, when it became the new home of the Titans.

The venue will be used for the 2032 Summer Olympics and will host preliminary Football.
Neishi railway station
Neishi (Chinese: 內獅車站; pinyin: Nèishī Chēzhàn) is a railway station on the Taiwan Railway South-link line in Fangshan Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan.

In order to get to the platform from the train station, commuters would have to cross the railway track and the station is staffless. The train station sees only 4 trains calling here and many more trains passing by. In conjunction with the electrification works on the South-link Line, a side platform is being constructed which allows commuters to get the platform without crossing the railway track.

Taiwan Railway
Taiwan Railway (TR) is a state-owned conventional railway in Taiwan. It is operated by the Taiwan Railway Corporation under the supervision of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, responsible for managing, maintaining, and running conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1,097 km (682 mi) of track in Taiwan. Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955.

The railway was previously operated by Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA). On 1 January 2024, Taiwan Railway Administration became a state-owned corporation, Taiwan Railway Corporation.
Óscar Bautista Villegas
Óscar Bautista Villegas (born 6 February 1964) is a Mexican politician. He has been affiliated with both the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM).

Bautista Villegas was born in Tantoyuca, Veracruz, in 1964. From 2009 to 2012 he served as a local deputy in the Congress of San Luis Potosí.

He has been elected to the Chamber of Deputies for San Luis Potosí's 3rd district on three occasions:
in the 2012 general election for the PRI,
in the 2018 general election – sitting at first with the PVEM before switching to the PRI on 8 September 2020 – 
and for the PVEM in the 2024 general election.

Tantoyuca
Tantoyuca is a city in the Mexican state of Veracruz. Popularly known as "the Pearl of the Huastecas", it is located in the state's Huasteca Alta region. 
It serves as the municipal seat of the surrounding municipality of Tantoyuca.

In the 2005 INEGI Census, the city of Tantoyuca reported a total population of 23,893.
2012 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Republic of the Congo on 15 July 2012. A second round was held on 5 August 2012. The second round was previously moved forward to 29 July, without explanation, but ultimately was held on the original date.

Brazzaville
Brazzaville (French pronunciation: [bʁazavil]) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo. Administratively, it is a department and a commune. Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo).

The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 2.1 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace. Some 40% are employed in non-agricultural professions. During World War II, Brazzaville served as the de facto capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942.

In 2013, Brazzaville was designated a City of Music by UNESCO; since then it has also been a member of the Creative Cities Network.
The Feast of the Drowned
The Feast of the Drowned is a BBC Books original novel written by Stephen Cole and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was published on 13 April 2006, alongside The Stone Rose and The Resurrection Casket. It features the Tenth Doctor, Rose and Mickey.

Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
533rd Training Squadron
The 533rd Training Squadron (533 TRS) is a United States Space Force unit.  It is assigned to the Space Training and Readiness Command, California, where it trains Space Force personnel on space systems.  It was activated in this role in 1994.

The squadron was first activated in 1942 as the 533d Bombardment Squadron.  It moved to England in 1943 and served in combat until 1945, earning two Distinguished Unit Citations for its actions in combat.  Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States, where it was inactivated.

In 1962, the squadron became the 533d Strategic Missile Squadron.  It was equipped with LGM-25C Titan II missiles and stood alert during the Cold War until inactivating in 1986.  In 1978, one of its sites was destroyed, when one of its missiles exploded.

1980 Damascus Titan missile explosion
The Damascus Titan missile explosion (also called the Damascus accident) was a 1980 U.S. nuclear weapons incident involving an U.S. Air Force LGM-25C Titan II intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) at Missile Complex 374-7 in rural Arkansas. The incident began with a fuel leak at 6:30 p.m. CDT on September 18, and culminated with an explosion inside the missile silo at around 3:00 a.m. on September 19. The 9-megatonne-of-TNT (38 PJ) W-53 nuclear warhead was ejected and landed a short distance away and no radioactive material was lost.
Israel Curling Federation
The Israel Curling Federation (ICF) is a nonprofit organization founded in 2007 which nationally represents curling, the winter world sport which is played on ice surfaces.

On 2009,  the ice surface was marked in "Canada Centre" in town of Metulla.  The Curling Federation in Israel continuously expands its activities and now also gives sponsors to Olympic pistol shooting clubs.

As of 2013 Israeli shooting Olympian Alex Tripolski was heading the sport of curling in Israel, and that year the World Curling Federation reinstated Israel as a full member. In 2015 Tripolski was President of the Israel Curling Federation.

2015 European Curling Championships
The 2015 European Curling Championships were held from November 20 to 28 in Esbjerg, Denmark. Denmark last hosted the European Curling Championships in 1996 in Copenhagen. The Group C competitions were held during October in Champéry, Switzerland.

At the conclusion of the championships, the top eight women's teams went to the 2016 Ford World Women's Curling Championship in Swift Current, and the top seven men's teams to the 2016 World Men's Curling Championship in Basel.
History of Transnistria
This is the history of Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldovan–Ukrainian border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank.

Bender, Moldova
Bender ([benˈder], Moldovan Cyrillic: Бендер) or Bendery (Russian: Бендеры, [bʲɪnˈdɛrɨ]; Ukrainian: Бендери), also known as Tighina, is a city within the internationally recognized borders of Moldova under de facto control of the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria) (PMR) since 1992. It is located on the western bank of the river Dniester in the historical region of Bessarabia.

Together with its suburb Proteagailovca, the city forms a municipality, which is separate from Transnistria (as an administrative unit of Moldova) according to Moldovan law. Bender is located in the buffer zone established at the end of the 1992 War of Transnistria. While the Joint Control Commission has overriding powers in the city, Transnistria has de facto administrative control.

The fortress of Tighina was one of the important historic fortresses of the Principality of Moldova until 1812.
Ancient technology
During the growth of the ancient civilizations, ancient technology was the result of advances in engineering in ancient times. These advances in the history of technology stimulated societies to adopt new ways of living and governance.

This article includes the advances in technology and the development of several engineering sciences in historic times before the Middle Ages, which began after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, the death of Justinian I in the 6th century, the coming of Islam in the 7th century, or the rise of Charlemagne in the 8th century. For technologies developed in medieval societies, see Medieval technology and Inventions in medieval Islam.

Paper
Paper is a thin sheet of matted cellulose fibers. Largely derived from lignocellulose, paper is created from a pulp dissolved into a slurry that is drained and dried into sheets. Different types of paper are defined by constituent fiber, paper pulp, sizing, coating, paper size, paper density and grammage.

The papermaking process developed in East Asia at least as early as 105 CE by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although archaeological evidence exists of 2nd century BCE paper-like material in China. Before the industrialization of paper production, the most common paper was rag paper, made from discarded natural fiber textiles collected by ragpickers. The 1843 invention of wood pulp, coupled with the Second Industrial Revolution, made pulpwood paper the dominant variety to this day.
2022 Transylvania Open – Singles
Anna Blinkova defeated Jasmine Paolini in the final, 6–2, 3–6, 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 Transylvania Open. It was her maiden WTA Tour singles title, and she won it as a qualifier.

Anett Kontaveit was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year.

Elina Avanesyan
Elina Araratovna Avanesyan (Armenian: Էլինա Արարատի Ավանեսյան; Russian: Элина Араратовна Аванесян; born 17 September 2002) is a Russian-born Armenian tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 36, achieved on 17 March 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 163, achieved on 12 August 2024. She is currently the No. 1 singles player from Armenia.

Avanesyan has won five singles and nine doubles titles at tournaments of the ITF Circuit.
Nothing but the Truth (1941 film)
Nothing but the Truth is a 1941 American comedy film directed by Elliott Nugent and starring Bob Hope, Paulette Goddard and Edward Arnold. It was produced and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was Hope and Goddard's third movie together in three years.

The premise of the film, that the protagonist must tell the truth for the next 24 hours, is based on a play of the same name written by James Montgomery, itself loosely adapted from the 1914 novel Nothing But the Truth by Frederic S. Isham.  The book and play had previously formed the basis of a 1929 movie, also called Nothing But the Truth, starring Richard Dix and Wynne Gibson. The 1941 film follows the plot of the play much more closely than the 1929 version. The same premise was used for a 1997 Jim Carrey movie, Liar Liar.

Elliott Nugent called it "a pleasant assignment."

Liar Liar
Liar Liar is a 1997 American fantasy comedy film starring Jim Carrey as a lawyer who built his entire career on lying only to find himself cursed to speak only the truth for a single day. He struggles to maintain his career and to reconcile with his ex-wife and son whom he alienated with his pathological lying. The film was directed by Tom Shadyac, and is the second of three collaborations between Carrey and Shadyac, the first being Ace Ventura: Pet Detective.

Liar Liar was released in the United States on March 18, 1997 by Universal Pictures. The film received positive reviews from critics, and grossed $303 million against a budget of $45 million. At the 55th Golden Globe Awards, Carrey was nominated for Best Actor.
Max Charlesworth
Maxwell John Charlesworth AO FAHA (30 December 1925 – 2 June 2014) was an Australian philosopher and public intellectual. He taught and wrote on a wide range of areas including the philosophy of religion and the role of the Church in a liberal democratic society; Australian Aboriginal culture and religions; European philosophy from medieval to continental; bioethics and modern science’s role in society; and the philosophy of education. In 1990, he was made an Officer of the Order of Australia for his contributions to Australian society in the fields of education and bioethics.

Charlesworth has been described as "exceptional among Australian philosophers for his integrity, for his capacity to change and develop as the balance of evidence shifted, and for his willingness to pioneer new developments."

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
Kyustendil Province
42°15′N 23°0′E﻿ / ﻿42.250°N 23.000°E﻿ / 42.250; 23.000

Kyustendil Province (Bulgarian: Област Кюстендил, romanized: Oblast Kyustendil) is a province in southwestern Bulgaria, extending over an area of 3,084.3 km2 (1,190.9 sq mi) (constituting 2.7% of the total territory of the Republic of Bulgaria), and with a population of 106 131.  It borders the provinces of Sofia, Pernik, and Blagoevgrad; to the west, its limits coincide with the state borders between Bulgaria and North Macedonia, and between Bulgaria and the Republic of Serbia.  The administrative center of the Province is Kyustendil.

Dragovištica
The Dragovištica or Dragovishtitsa (Serbian Cyrillic: Драговиштица; Bulgarian: Драговищица) is a river in southeastern Serbia and western Bulgaria, a 63 km-long right tributary to the River Struma. Its drainage basin covers a territory of 867 km2. The river belongs to the Aegean Sea drainage and is not navigable.
Crocanthes perigrapta
Crocanthes perigrapta is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1904. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland, New South Wales and South Australia.

The wingspan is 12–14 mm (0.47–0.55 in). The forewings are ochreous yellow with a blackish costal streak from the base to the middle and sometimes a dark fuscous subdorsal dot at one-fourth. There is a blackish inwards-curved line from three-fourths of the costa to four-fifths of the dorsum, somewhat produced posteriorly on the costa. There is also a black line along the termen. The hindwings are grey, more or less suffused with pale yellowish, the apical fourth forming a more or less defined pale yellowish band, the terminal edge dark grey or blackish, sometimes with a dark grey discal spot.

Lecithoceridae
The Lecithoceridae, or long-horned moths, are a family of small moths described by Simon Le Marchand in 1947. Although lecithocerids are found throughout the world, the great majority are found in the Indomalayan realm and the southern part of the Palaearctic realm.
Giles of Bridport
Giles of Bridport was a medieval Bishop of Salisbury.

Giles was archdeacon of Berkshire in the diocese of Salisbury as well as Dean of Wells before he was elected bishop between 13 February and 15 April 1256 and consecrated on 11 March 1257. He died in December 1262, probably on the 13th. He founded the College of the Valley Scholars at Salisbury in 1262 and may have been the brother of Simon of Bridport, who was treasurer of the diocese of Salisbury. He is commemorated by a statue in niche 169 on the west front of Salisbury Cathedral.

Diocese of Salisbury
51°03′54″N 1°47′53″W﻿ / ﻿51.065°N 1.798°W﻿ / 51.065; -1.798

The Diocese of Salisbury is a Church of England diocese in the south of England, within the ecclesiastical Province of Canterbury. The diocese covers the historic county of Dorset (which excludes the deaneries of Bournemouth and Christchurch, which fall within the Diocese of Winchester as they were historically in Hampshire), most of Wiltshire (excepting an area in the north and Swindon), and the Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey. The diocese is led by Stephen Lake, Bishop of Salisbury, and by the diocesan synod. The bishop's seat is at Salisbury Cathedral.