hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Opener of the Way
The Opener of the Way is a collection of fantasy and horror short stories by American writer Robert Bloch. It was released in 1945 and was the author's first book.  It was published by Arkham House in an edition of 2,065 copies. Most of the stories had appeared in the magazine Weird Tales in the 1930s and 1940s, and some of the stories are part of the Cthulhu Mythos.

A British hardcover was issued by Neville Spearman in 1974, with Panther Books issuing a two-volume paperback reprint in 1976. An Italian translation, with the stories reordered, appeared in 1991. The collection was never reprinted in the United States, but its contents (aside from Bloch's introduction) were included in the 1994 omnibus The Early Fears. Valancourt Books has scheduled an American reprinting of The Opener of the Way for late 2024, with a new introduction by Ramsey Campbell.

Cthulhu Mythos
The Cthulhu Mythos is a mythopoeia and a shared universe, originating in the works of American horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. The term was coined by August Derleth, a contemporary correspondent and protégé of Lovecraft, to describe the settings, tropes, and lore employed by Lovecraft and his literary successors. The name "Cthulhu" derives from the central creature in Lovecraft's seminal short story "The Call of Cthulhu", first published in the pulp magazine Weird Tales in 1928.

Richard L. Tierney, a writer who also wrote Mythos tales, later applied the term "Derleth Mythos" to distinguish Lovecraft's works from Derleth's later stories, which modify key tenets of the Mythos. Authors of Lovecraftian horror in particular frequently use elements of the Cthulhu Mythos.: viii–ix
Schroon River
The Schroon River (/ˈskruːn/ SKROON) is a 67.7-mile-long (109.0 km) tributary of the Hudson River in the southern Adirondack Mountains of New York, beginning at the confluence of Crowfoot Brook and New Pond Brook near Underwood, and terminating at the Hudson in Warrensburg. Its watershed is entirely within the Adirondack Park. The river runs through the towns of North Hudson, Schroon, Chester, Bolton, and Warrensburg.

Interstate 87, the Adirondack Northway, follows the Schroon River valley from Warrensburg to Underwood. U.S. Route 9 takes a parallel course from Warrensburg to Schroon Lake, then follows the river through Underwood.

Chester, Warren County, New York
Chester is a town in Warren County, New York, United States. It is part of the Glens Falls metropolitan area. The population was 3,086 at the 2020 census. The town is made up by communities of Chestertown and Pottersville.

The town of Chester is on the county's northern border.
Transformation matrix
In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices. If  is a linear transformation mapping  to  and  is a column vector with  entries, then there exists an  matrix , called the transformation matrix of , such that:

Note that  has  rows and  columns, whereas the transformation  is from  to .  There are alternative expressions of transformation matrices involving row vectors that are preferred by some authors.

Unit vector
In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1. A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a circumflex, or "hat", as in  (pronounced "v-hat"). The term normalized vector is sometimes used as a synonym for unit vector.

The normalized vector û of a non-zero vector u is the unit vector in the direction of u, i.e.,

where ‖u‖ is the norm (or length) of u and .

The proof is the following:

A unit vector is often used to represent directions, such as normal directions.
Unit vectors are often chosen to form the basis of a vector space, and every vector in the space may be written as a linear combination form of unit vectors.
Corallinaceae
The Corallinaceae are one of the two extant Coralline families of red algae; they are differentiated from the morphologically similar Sporolithaceae by their formation of grouped sporangial chambers, clustered into sori.  The Corallinoideae is monophyletic; the other subfamilies form another monophyletic group.

Sporangium
A sporangium (from Late Latin, from Ancient Greek  σπορά (sporá) 'seed' and  ἀγγεῖον (angeîon) 'vessel'; pl.: sporangia) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular. Virtually all plants, fungi, and many other groups form sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce spores by mitosis, but in land plants and many fungi, sporangia produce genetically distinct haploid spores by meiosis.
Rump state
A rump state is the remnant of a once much larger state that was reduced in the wake of annexation, occupation,  secession, decolonization, a successful coup d'état or revolution on part of its former territory. In the last case, a government stops short of going into exile because it controls parts of its remaining territories.

Annexation
Annexation, in international law, is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. In current international law, it is generally held to be an illegal act. It is distinct from the concepts of conquest, which describes the gaining of physical control, and cession, in which territory is given or sold through treaty.

Annexation can be legitimized if generally recognized by other states and international bodies.

The illegality of annexation means that states carrying out such acts usually avoid using the word annexation in describing their actions; in each of the unresolved annexations by Israel, Morocco and Russia, the states have avoided characterizing their actions as such.
2023 Territory Labor Party leadership election
The 2023 Territory Labor Party leadership election was held on 20 December 2023 to elect a new leader of the Territory Labor Party and ex officio, Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, following the resignation of Natasha Fyles as Chief Minister.

Eva Lawler was elected unopposed on 20 December. The only other declared candidate, Nicole Manison, chose to support Lawler and decided to move to the backbench following the election.

Territory Labor Party
The Territory Labor Party, officially known as the Australian Labor Party (Northern Territory Branch) and commonly referred to simply as Territory Labor, is the Northern Territory branch of the Australian Labor Party. It has been led by Selena Uibo, the first Aboriginal woman to lead a major political party in Australia, since 3 September 2024.
Zimeysa railway station
Zimeysa railway station (French: Gare de Zimeysa) is a railway station in the municipality of Meyrin, in the Swiss canton of Geneva. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Lyon–Geneva line of Swiss Federal Railways.

Léman Express
The Léman Express is an S-Bahn-style commuter rail network for the transborder agglomeration of Grand Genève (Greater Geneva) in west Switzerland and the French Alps (Haute-Savoie and Ain). Seven lines serve Swiss and French towns along 230 kilometres (140 mi) of railway.

At the heart of the Léman Express system is the CEVA (Cornavin‒Eaux-Vives‒Annemasse) rail project linking Eaux-Vives station with Cornavin station in Geneva. This line, largely underground, was opened on 15 December 2019. The Léman Express marked the start of direct services from Genève-Cornavin station to the French cities of Évian, Thonon, Annemasse and Annecy as well as the population of the Arve Valley up to Saint-Gervais-les-Bains.
American White Park
The American White Park is a large, mostly polled, white breed of cattle. The females have an average weight of roughly 1000 pounds (453 kilograms), while the males have an average weight between 1700 and 1800 pounds (771–816 kilograms).

Human body weight
Human body weight is a person's mass or weight.

Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of mass without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones and wallets, and using manual or digital weighing scales. Excess or reduced body weight is regarded as an indicator of determining a person's health, with body volume measurement providing an extra dimension by calculating the distribution of body weight.
Glykokerasia
Glykokerasia (Greek: Γλυκοκερασιά, before 1927: Τσιαραπιανή – Tsiarapiani), is a village in Kozani Regional Unit, Macedonia, Greece. It is part of the community of Omali.

Tsiarapiani as populated by Greek speaking Muslim Vallahades. The 1920 Greek census recorded 98 people in the village, and 70 inhabitants (15 families) were Muslim in 1923. Following the Greek–Turkish population exchange, Greek refugee families in Tsiarapiani were from East Thrace (5) and Asia Minor (10) in 1926. The 1928 Greek census recorded 62 village inhabitants. In 1928, the refugee families numbered 16 (58 people).

East Thrace
East Thrace or Eastern Thrace, also known as Turkish Thrace or European Turkey, is the part of Turkey that is geographically in Southeast Europe. Turkish Thrace accounts for 3.03% of Turkey's land area and 15% of its population. The largest city is Istanbul, which straddles the Bosporus between Europe and Asia. East Thrace is of historic importance as it is next to a major sea trade corridor and constitutes what remains of the once-vast Ottoman region of Rumelia. It is currently also of specific geostrategic importance because the sea corridor, which includes two narrow straits, provides access to the Mediterranean Sea from the Black Sea for the navies of five countries: Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, and Georgia. The region also serves as a future connector of existing Turkish, Bulgarian, and Greek high-speed rail networks.
Due to the guest worker agreement with Turkey and Germany, some Turks in Germany originally come from Eastern Thrace, mostly from the Kırklareli Province.
2023 IHF Men's U19 Handball World Championship
The 2023 IHF Men's U19 Handball World Championship was the 10th edition of the IHF Men's U19 Handball World Championship, held from 2 to 13 August 2023 in Croatia under the aegis of International Handball Federation (IHF). It was the first time in history that the championship is organised by the Croatian Handball Federation.

Spain won their first title after defeating Denmark in the final.

International Handball Federation
The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball. IHF is responsible for the organisation of handball's major international tournaments, notably the IHF World Men's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1938, and the IHF World Women's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1957.

IHF was founded in 1946 to oversee international competitions. Headquartered in Basel, its membership now comprises 209 national federations. Each member country must each also be a member of one of the six regional confederations: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Caribbean, Oceania, and South and Central America. Hassan Moustafa from Egypt has been President of the IHF since 26 November 2000.
Aiyappa
Aiyappa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Apparanda Aiyappa (1913–?), British Indian Army officer

Len Aiyappa (born 1979), Indian field hockey player

Neravanda Aiyappa (born 1979), Indian cricketer

Pramila Aiyappa (born 1977), Indian heptathlete

Shubra Aiyappa (born 1987), Indian actress

Pramila Aiyappa
Pramila Gudanda Aiyappa (née Ganapathy) (born 8 March 1977) is an Indian former heptathlete who represented India at the 2000 and 2008 Olympics, finishing 24th and 26th respectively. She won silver at the 2000 Asian Championships and a bronze at the 2010 Asian Games. At the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, she narrowly missed a medal, finishing fifth.
Koca Musa Pasha
Koca Musa Pasha (usually referred to as just Musa Pasha; died 22 January 1647, near Euboea) was an Ottoman statesman. He served most prominently as Kapudan Pasha (1645–1647), Ottoman governor of Egypt (1630–1631), Ottoman governor of Budin Eyalet (1631–1634, 1637–1638, 1640–1644), and Ottoman governor of Silistra Eyalet (1644–1645). He was also a vizier.

Budin Eyalet
Budin Eyalet (also known as Province of Budin/Buda or Pashalik of Budin/Buda, Ottoman Turkish: ایالت بودین, romanized: Eyālet-i Budin) was an administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire in Central Europe and the Balkans. It was formed on the territories that Ottoman Empire conquered from the medieval Kingdom of Hungary and Serbian Despotate. The capital of the Budin Province was Budin (Hungarian: Buda).

Population of the province was ethnically and religiously diverse and included Hungarians, Croats, Serbs, Slovaks, Muslims of various ethnic origins (living mainly in the cities) and others (Jews, Romani, etc.). The city of Buda itself became majority Muslim during the seventeenth century, largely through the immigration of Balkan Muslims.
Eetje Sol
Johan Wilhelm Eduard "Eetje" Sol (10 June 1881 – 21 October 1965) was a Dutch footballer who played as a forward for HVV Den Haag. He was a member of the Dutch team that won the bronze medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics.

Coupe Van der Straeten Ponthoz
The Coupe Van der Straeten Ponthoz, also known as Coupe Ponthoz, was an international competition for football clubs from Europe that ran from 1900 to 1907. It was one of the first European club football tournaments and is considered a predecessor of club tournaments in Europe, namely the European Cup. It was named in honor of the donator of the trophy Carl van der Straten-Ponthoz
Eledone nigra
Eledone nigra is a little-known species of octopus described from one male and six females which were taken in Luderitz Bay, Namibia and has only been recorded subsequently in 1941, 1983 and 1991, all from Luderitz Bay.

Lüderitz
Lüderitz is a town in the ǁKaras Region of southern Namibia. It lies on one of the least hospitable coasts in Africa. It is a port developed around Robert Harbour and Shark Island. Lüderitz had a population of 16,125 people in 2023.

The town is known for its colonial architecture, including some Art Nouveau work, and wildlife, including seals, penguins, flamingos, and ostriches. It is also home to a museum and lies at the end of a currently decommissioned railway line to Keetmanshoop. The town is named after Adolf Lüderitz, founder of the German South West Africa colony.
Mechanical (character)
The mechanicals are six characters in A Midsummer Night's Dream who perform the play-within-a-play Pyramus and Thisbe. They are a group of amateur and mostly incompetent actors from around Athens, looking to make names for themselves by having their production chosen among several acts as the courtly entertainment for the royal wedding party of Theseus and Hippolyta. The servant-spirit Puck describes them as "rude mechanicals" in Act III, Scene 2 of the play, in reference to their occupations as skilled manual laborers.

The biggest ham among them, Nick Bottom, becomes the unlikely object of interest for the fairy queen Titania after she is charmed by a love potion and he is turned into a monster with the head of an ass by Puck.

The characters' names are Peter Quince, Snug, Nick Bottom, Francis Flute, Tom Snout, and Robin Starveling.

Amateur
An amateur (from French 'one who loves') is generally considered a person who pursues an avocation independent from their source of income. Amateurs and their pursuits are also described as popular, informal, self-taught, user-generated, DIY, and hobbyist.
Wang Bin (executive)
Wang Bin (Chinese: 王滨; born November 1958) is a Chinese former business executive and senior economist who served as chairman and party secretary of China Life Insurance Company from 2018 to 2022 and chairman and party secretary of China Taiping Insurance Group Limited from 2012 to 2018.

In January 2022 he came under investigation by China's top anti-corruption agency and was later convicted. He was a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the Social and Legal Affairs Committee of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Business executive
A business executive is a person responsible for running an organization, although the exact nature of the role varies depending on the organization.

Executives run companies or government agencies. They create plans to help their organizations grow. Becoming an executive usually takes years of promotions and hard work since the qualifications of this role needs hard working individuals with years of experience in multiple facets of the business.
Kōsa
Kennyo (顕如; February 20, 1543 – December 27, 1592), also known as Kōsa (光佐), was the 11th patriarch of the Hongan-ji lineage of Jodo Shinshu Buddhism, and Chief Abbot of Ishiyama Hongan-ji, cathedral fortress of the Ikkō-ikki (Buddhist warrior priests and peasants who opposed samurai rule), during its siege at the end of the Sengoku period. Similar to his father, Shōnyo (10th patriarch), Kennyo engineered many alliances, and organized the defenses of the cathedral to the point that most at the time considered Ishiyama Hongan-ji to be unbreachable.

Buddhism in Japan
Buddhism was first established in Japan in the 6th century CE. Most of the Japanese Buddhists belong to new schools of Buddhism which were established in the Kamakura period (1185－1333). During the Edo period (1603–1868), Buddhism was controlled by the feudal Shogunate. The Meiji period (1868–1912) saw a strong response against Buddhism, with persecution and a forced separation between Buddhism and Shinto (Shinbutsu bunri).

The largest sects of Japanese Buddhism are Pure Land Buddhism with 22 million believers, followed by Nichiren Buddhism with 10 million believers, Shingon Buddhism with 5.4 million, Zen Buddhism with 5.3 million, Tendai Buddhism with 2.8 million, and only about 700,000 for the six old schools established in the Nara period (710－794).
Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance
The Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance is an award category at the annual Grammy Awards. It was first presented in 2015.

The award was first approved by the board of trustees of the Grammy Awards in June 2014. According to NARAS, the award encompasses all of the subgenres of the American Roots category field, which include bluegrass, blues, folk and regional roots styles of music such as Cajun, Hawaiian, Indigenous, Polka, Zydeco, go-go, second line brass, swamp pop, and Conjunto music. The category is open for solo artists, duos, groups and other collaborations and is for singles or tracks only. It was joined by a sister category, Best Americana Performance, in 2023.

The Grammy is awarded to the performer(s) of the winning recording.

Polka
Polka is a dance style and genre of dance music in 24 originating in nineteenth-century Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic. Though generally associated with Czech and Central European culture, polka is popular throughout Europe and the Americas.
Ten Mile Creek (North Fork Salt River tributary)
Ten Mile Creek is a stream in Macon and Shelby counties of Missouri. It is a tributary of the North Fork Salt River.

The headwaters of the stream are at 39°48′50″N 92°22′30″W﻿ / ﻿39.81389°N 92.37500°W﻿ / 39.81389; -92.37500 and the confluence with the North Fork Salt River is at 39°47′12″N 92°10′49″W﻿ / ﻿39.78667°N 92.18028°W﻿ / 39.78667; -92.18028. The source area for the stream is in eastern Macon County east of Missouri Route K between Ten Mile and Redman. The stream flows east-southeast and is impounded in western Shelby County as Daniel Boone Lake north of Clarence on U.S. Route 36. The stream passes under Missouri Route 151 below the dam and continues to the east for about five miles to its confluence with the North Fork.

Ten Mile Creek was so named on account of its length, approximately ten miles (16 km).

Missouri Route 151
Route 151 is a highway in the U.S. state of Missouri.  Its northern terminus is at Route 15/Route 156 about 13 miles (21 km) south of Edina; its southern terminus is at Route 22/Route 124 in Centralia.

Route 151 was designated in 1949, replacing all or part of several state-lettered routes.  In 1955, Route 151 was extended onto an old alignment of Route 22 after Route 22 was realigned west of Centralia.  Because of the extension, Route 151 intersects Route 22 twice and the two routes are briefly multiplexed.  As of 1957, Route 151 was completely hard-surfaced.
Church of the Holy Cross, Nicosia
The Church of the Holy Cross is a Roman Catholic parish located in the city of Nicosia in Cyprus.

The first church dedicated to the Holy Cross was built in 1642 and operated continuously until the late nineteenth century. In April 1900 a new church dedicated to the Holy Cross was financially supported in part by the Spanish Royal Family and partly by the Franciscan friars of the Custody of the Holy Land. Its formal inauguration took place in 1902. It also has a friary which was rebuilt in 1959. Part of the access to the garden was blocked as a consequence of the Cyprus crisis of 1963–64 and the war of 1974, as the church sits in the buffer zone between Nicosia and North Nicosia.

The parish sits within the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem.

Cypriot intercommunal violence
Several distinct periods of intercommunal violence involving the Greek and Turkish Cypriots marked mid-20th century Cyprus. These included the Cyprus Emergency of 1955–59 during British rule, the post-independence Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, and the Cyprus crisis of 1967. Hostilities culminated in the 1974 de facto division of the island along the Green Line following the coup organized by US-backed Greek junta (1974 Cypriot coup d'état), and the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The region has been relatively peaceful since then, but the Cyprus dispute has continued, with various attempts to solve it diplomatically having been generally unsuccessful.
AMV video format
AMV (Actions Media Video) is a proprietary video file format designed for portable media players (often marketed as "MP4 players"), as well as S1 MP3 players with video playback. There are two different versions of this format: an older one for Actions chips, and a newer one for ALi's M5661 chip, sometimes called ALIAVI.

S1 MP3 player
The S1 MP3 player is a type of generic, flash memory–based digital audio player (DAP) built around the Actions Semiconductor S1 chipset. Widely manufactured in China and sold under various brand names in the early 2000s, S1 players were known for their low cost, simple interfaces, and widespread rebranding. They became a popular entry-level option during the early years of portable digital music.
Incilius marmoreus
Incilius marmoreus, commonly known as Wiegmann's toad or marbled toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mexico and found along the Pacific coastal plain between northern Sinaloa and Chiapas. There is also an isolated population in the region of Veracruz on the Atlantic coast, and a record from Hidalgo.

Its natural habitats are tropical deciduous and semi-deciduous forests; it also occurs in disturbed habitats that remain relatively closed. Breeding takes place in streams. It is a very common species that might locally be affected by extreme habitat alteration.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.