hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South Aulatsivik Island
South Aulatsivik Island is a Canadian island in northeastern part of Labrador in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

It is situated north of Nain at entrance of Webb's Bay, fronting the Atlantic Ocean.

The island's area measures 456 km2 making it the province's second largest island after the island of Newfoundland. Its highest point is Mount Thoresby (3,007 ft; 917 m).

Labrador
Labrador (/ˈlæbrədɔːr/) is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its population. It is separated from the island of Newfoundland by the Strait of Belle Isle. It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in the four Atlantic provinces.

Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula. It is bordered to the west and south by the province of Quebec. Labrador also shares a small land border with the territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island.

The indigenous peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern-Inuit of NunatuKavut, and the Innu of Nitassinan.
AR-57
The AR-57, also known as the AR Five Seven, is available as either an upper receiver for the AR-15/M16 rifle or a complete rifle, firing 5.7×28mm rounds from standard FN P90 magazines.

It was originally designed by Rhineland Arms but produced by AR57 LLC.

Receiver (firearms)
In firearms terminology and law, the firearm frame or receiver is the part of a firearm which integrates other components by providing housing for internal action components such as the hammer, bolt or breechblock, firing pin and extractor, and has threaded interfaces for externally attaching ("receiving") components such as the barrel, stock, trigger mechanism and iron/optical sights. Some firearm designs, such as the AR-15 platform, feature receivers that have 2 separate sub-assemblies called the upper receiver which houses the barrel/trunnion, bolt components etc and the lower receiver (trigger mechanism housing in some cases) that holds the fire control group, pistol grip, selector, stock etc.

The receiver is often made of forged, machined, or stamped steel or aluminium. Apart from these traditional materials, modern techniques have introduced polymer and sintered metal powder receivers to the market.
Custos Rotulorum of Shropshire
This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of Shropshire.

Thomas Holte bef. 1544–1546

Thomas Bromley 1546–1555

Humphrey Onslow bef. 1562 – aft. 1564

George Bromley bef. 1573–1589

Sir George Mainwaring bef. 1594–1596

Sir Richard Leveson 1596–1605

John Egerton, 1st Earl of Bridgewater 1605–1646

Interregnum

Francis Newport, 1st Earl of Bradford 1660–1708

Richard Newport, 2nd Earl of Bradford 1708–1712

For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire.

Thomas Bromley (chief justice)
Sir Thomas Bromley (died 1555) was an English judge of Shropshire landed gentry origins who came to prominence during the Mid-Tudor period. After occupying important judicial posts in the Welsh Marches, he won the favour of Henry VIII and was a member of Edward VI's regency council. He was appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench by Mary I.
George Graham (soldier)
Captain George Graham (May 16, 1770 – August 9, 1830), a Virginia planter, lawyer, soldier and politician became an early federal government bureaucrat. He served twice as acting United States Secretary of War, including during the transition between the administrations of Presidents James Madison and James Monroe (1816-1817), as well as Commissioner of the United States General Land Office (1823-1830) under Presidents John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson.

John Mason (planter)
John Mason (April 4, 1766 – March 19, 1849) was an early American merchant, banker, officer (armed forces), and planter. As a son of George Mason, a Founding Father of the United States, Mason was a scion of the prominent Mason political family.
Prasanna Venkatachalapathi Temple, Thuraiyur
Prasanna Venkatachalapathi Temple is a Perumal temple situated on the top of a hill called Perumalmalai, located at about 3 km from Thuraiyur in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India. The presiding deity is the Hindu god Vishnu. The temple is believed to have been constructed by the grandchildren of Karikala, who are worshipped here.

Karikala
Karikala (Tamil: காரிகால; [kaːrikɑːl]; Middle Tamil: Karikāḷa Cōḻaṉ (காரிகால சோழன்); Classical Sanskrit: Karikāla Śōḷa), often referred to as Karikala the Great, was a Tamil Emperor of the Early Cholas of the Chola dynasty who ruled ancient Tamilakam (Modern day South India) from Uraiyur. He is credited with the construction of the flood banks of the river Kaveri and conquest of Tamilakam, Andhra and Sri Lanka. He is recognised as the greatest of the Early Cholas. In Thiruvalangadu plates of Rajendra Chola I, Medieval Tamil Cholas listed Karikala Chola as one of their ancestors. Several Telugu dynasties also claimed descendant from Karikala.
Simanjiro District, Manyara
Simanjiro District is one of the six districts of the Manyara Region of Tanzania.  It is bordered to the north by Arusha Region, to the north east by Kilimanjaro Region, to the south east by Tanga Region, to the south by Kiteto District, to the south west by Dodoma Region and to the west by Babati Rural District. The district headquarters are located in Orkesumet. According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of Simanjro District was 291,169. Simanjiro District is endowed with gemstones, being the only location on the planet that has tanzanite. Simanjiro was also where the first tsavolite was discovered.

Manyara Region
Manyara Region (Mkoa wa Manyara in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The regional capital is the town of Babati. According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 1,425,131, which was lower than the pre-census projection of 1,497,555.: page 2  For 2002–2012, the region's 3.2 percent average annual population growth rate was tied for the third highest in the country.: page 4  It was also the 22nd most densely populated region with 32 people per square kilometre.: page 6

Lake Manyara is in the northern part of the region. It is bordered to the north by the Arusha Region, to the northeast by the Kilimanjaro Region, to the east by the Tanga Region, to the south by the Dodoma Region, to the southeast by the Morogoro Region, to the southwest by the Singida Region, and to the northwest by the Simiyu Region. The highest mountain in the Manyara Region is Mount Hanang.
Piano Sonata Hob. XVI/52
The Piano Sonata in E♭ major, Hob. XVI/52, L. 62, was written in 1794 by Joseph Haydn. It is the last of Haydn's piano sonatas, and is widely considered his greatest. It has been the subject of extensive analysis by distinguished musicological personages such as Heinrich Schenker and Sir Donald Tovey, largely because of its expansive length, unusual harmonies and interesting development. The sonata is sometimes referred to as number 62 based on the numbering of Landon instead of the numbering of Hoboken.

Donald Tovey
Sir Donald Francis Tovey (17 July 1875 – 10 July 1940) was a British music analyst, musicologist, writer on music, composer, conductor and pianist. He had been best known for his Essays in Musical Analysis and his editions of works by Bach and Beethoven, but since the 1990s his (relatively few) compositions have been recorded and performed with increasing frequency. The recordings have mostly been well received by reviewers.
Ngong Racecourse
Ngong Racecourse is a racecourse in Nairobi, Kenya. It is the main and currently only thoroughbred racing venue in Kenya. It is located along the Ngong Road near the Lenana School and next to The Nairobi Business Park, beside ngong forest. It is operated by the Jockey Club of Kenya.

The racecourse was opened 1954, when it replaced the old racecourse in Kariokor, near Nairobi CBD. Ngong Racecourse is nowadays the only racecourse in Kenya although there were races in other towns, including Eldoret, Nakuru, Nanyuki and Limuru. The first horse racing event in Kenya took place in 1904 in Machakos with Somali ponies.

There are on average 25 race meetings annually of which the most prominent is the annual Kenya Derby, which was first held in 1914. Races are held there on alternate Sundays. Apart from horse racing, the venue has used for cross country running competitions, and it has acted as a special stage for the Safari Rally. It has also been used for Ostrich racing.

Safari Rally
The Safari Rally is an automobile rally held in Kenya. It was first held in 1953 as a celebration of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. The event was part of the World Rally Championship from 1973 until 2002, before returning in 2021. It is historically regarded as one of the toughest events in the World Rally Championship, and one of the most popular rallies in Africa. From 2003, a historical event (East African Safari Rally) has been held biennially.
History of South Korea
The history of South Korea begins with the Japanese surrender on 2 September 1945. At that time, South Korea and North Korea were divided, despite being the same people and on the same peninsula. In 1950, the Korean War broke out. North Korea overran South Korea until US-led UN forces intervened. At the end of the war in 1953, the border between South and North remained largely similar. Tensions between the two sides continued. South Korea alternated between dictatorship and liberal democracy. It underwent substantial economic development.

Constitutional Court of Korea
The Constitutional Court of Korea (Korean: 헌법재판소; Hanja: 憲法裁判所) is a constitutional court of South Korea, seated in Jongno, Seoul. It is one of the two apex courts – along with the Supreme Court – in South Korea's judiciary that mainly exercises constitutional review. Composed of nine justices, the court has the power to nullify unconstitutional laws, remove impeached officials from office, dissolve antidemocratic political parties, oversee disputes on powers of public authorities, and handle constitutional complaints.
Abrázame Muy Fuerte (album)
Abrázame Muy Fuerte (English: Hold Me Tightly) is the twenty-fifth studio album by Mexican singer-songwriter Juan Gabriel, released by BMG U.S. Latin on December 12, 2000. The title track is the theme song for the Mexican telenovela Abrázame Muy Fuerte (2000–2001), produced by Salvador Mejía Alejandre, Victoria Ruffo, Fernando Colunga and Aracely Arámbula starred as the protagonists, while César Évora, Nailea Norvind, Helena Rojo and Rossana San Juan, portrayed the antagonists. In 2002, the album was awarded at the Premio Lo Nuestro for Pop Album of the Year and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album in the 44th Annual Grammy Awards.

Nailea Norvind
Nailea Norvind (born 16 February 1970) is a Mexican theater, television and film actress.

She is best known for her role as Leonor in the telenovela Quinceañera, as well as appeared in the critically acclaimed 1987 film Gaby: A True Story. She was nominated for the Ariel Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2012 for her role as Nina in the film La Otra Familia.
Daniel Blank
Daniel Joseph Blank (born June 28, 1962) is an American convicted serial killer sentenced to death in Louisiana. Dubbed The River Parishes serial killer, Blank had killed a total of six elderly people between 1996 and 1997 within the perimeters of River Parishes in Louisiana. Blank was found guilty of the April 10, 1997 murder of 71-year-old Lillian Philippe, and sentenced to death on December 9, 1999. Blank was also given multiple life sentences for the other cases that were taken to trial, including one for the May 14, 1997 murder of 55-year-old Joan Brock, which had originally been a death sentence but was later commuted to life. Blank remains incarcerated on death row as of 2025.

Louisiana Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of Louisiana (French: Cour suprême de Louisiane; Spanish: Corte Suprema de Luisiana) is the highest court and court of last resort in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The modern Supreme Court, composed of seven justices, meets in the French Quarter of New Orleans.

The Supreme Court, and Louisiana state law, are historically based in the colonial governments of France and Spain during the 18th century. The current Supreme Court traces its roots back to these beginnings.
Athletics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Women's high jump
The women's high jump event at the 1932 Olympic Games took place August 7.  When world record holder and returning silver medalist Lien Gisolf  failed at 1.60, the medalists were determined.  Eva Dawes made the next height but was unable to make 1.62m leaving her with the bronze medal.  The two American jumpers Jean Shiley and Babe Didrikson jumped evenly through the rest of the competition.  Both cleared a new world record of 1.65 m (5 ft 4+3⁄4 in) on their first attempt and then missed at 1.67 m (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in). A jump-off was ordered at 1.67 m (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) and both Americans had successful clearances on their first attempt. But after Didrikson’s jump, the officials convened and ruled that she had jumped head-first, which was then illegal, and was termed diving. This gave the gold medal to Jean Shiley. Didrikson later noted that she had jumped in the same style throughout the competition.

Eva Dawes
Eva Dawes (later Spinks, September 17, 1912 – May 30, 2009) is a Canadian athlete who competed mainly in the high jump. She was born in Toronto.

She competed for Canada in the 1932 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, United States in the high jump where she won the bronze medal. She also qualified for both the 1928 Summer Olympics but was, at 15, too young to go, and the 1936 Summer Olympics which she chose to boycott because they were held in Nazi Germany.

At the 1934 Empire Games she won the silver medal in the high jump competition.

Dawes moved to England in 1937 and married Arthur Spinks. She lived in London until moving to Thames Ditton in 1969. She lived in the St. Helens retirement home from 2003 until her death.

On 19 March 2000 Eva attended the book launch of 'A Proper Spectacle - Women Olympians 1900 - 1936' with other sportswomen from the 1920s and 1930s. She died on May 30, 2009, two weeks after a stroke.
Deaths in January 2020
The following is a list of notable deaths in January 2020.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Indo-Mesopotamia relations
Indus–Mesopotamia relations are thought to have developed during the second half of the 3rd millennium BCE, until they came to a halt with the extinction of the Indus Valley Civilization after around 1900 BCE. Mesopotamia had already been an intermediary in the trade of lapis lazuli between the Indus Valley and Egypt since at least about 3200 BCE, in the context of Egypt-Mesopotamia relations.

Carnelian
Carnelian (also spelled cornelian) is a brownish-red mineral commonly used as a semiprecious stone. Similar to carnelian is sard, which is generally harder and darker; the difference is not rigidly defined, and the two names are often used interchangeably. Both carnelian and sard are varieties of the silica mineral chalcedony colored by impurities of iron oxide. The color can vary greatly, ranging from pale orange to an intense almost-black coloration. Significant localities include Yanacodo, Peru and Ratnapura, Sri Lanka. It has been found in Indonesia, Brazil, India, Iran, Russia (Siberia), and Germany.
Willy Cohn
Dr. Willy Cohn (12 December 1888 in Breslau – 29 November 1941 in Kaunas, Lithuania) was a German historian and teacher. During the Nazi era, he documented the Jewish life in Breslau in his diaries, until he and his family were deported to German-occupied Lithuania and killed.

Cohn's diaries, translated into English and condensed, were published in 2012 as No Justice in Germany: The Breslau Diaries, 1933-1941 by Stanford University Press. Along with Victor Klemperer, Cohn was one of the most important chroniclers of the crimes of the Nazi regime against the Jewish people.

Zeitschriftendatenbank
The Zeitschriftendatenbank, or ZDB (translated as: German Union Catalogue of Serials), is the central bibliographical database for title and ownership records of ongoing collections in Germany and Austria, for example, from trade journals, magazines and newspapers. The ZDB holds records of almost all German scientific libraries and many other public libraries and is freely available on the Internet. The journal database is managed by the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (SBB) in cooperation with the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (DNB), the German National Library, which is responsible for the technical system support and further development.
Xiao-gang station (Guangzhou Metro line 2)
Xiao-gang station (simplified Chinese: 萧岗站; traditional Chinese: 蕭崗站; Jyutping: siu1 gong1 zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Sīugōng Jaahm), known as Jiangxia station  during planning, is a metro station on Line 2 of the Guangzhou Metro. It is located underground to the south of Huangshi Road East (黄石东路), the east of Yuncheng Road West (云城西路) and the south of Xiaogang River (萧岗涌), in the Baiyun District of Guangzhou. It started operation on 25 September 2010.

Xiao-gang station is within walking distance of the Guangdong University of Foreign Studies north campus, as well as the west gate of Baiyun Mountain.

The English station name is hyphenated to avoid confusion with the similarly named Xiaogang station on Line 8, which, in Mandarin, shares the same pinyin spelling but has a different tonal pronunciation and different characters (萧岗/晓港; Xiāogǎng/Xiǎogǎng). In Cantonese however, the two stations do not share the same spelling when romanised (Sīugōng/Híugóng).

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Religion in Latvia
The main religion traditionally practiced in Latvia is Christianity. As of 2019, it is the largest religion (68.84%), though only about 7% of the population attends religious services regularly.

Lutheranism is the main Christian denomination among ethnic Latvians due to strong historical links with the Nordic countries and Northern Germany (see Hanseatic League), while Catholicism is most prevalent in eastern Latvia (Latgale), mostly due to Polish influence. The Latvian Orthodox Church is the third largest Christian church in Latvia, with adherents primarily among the Russian-speaking minority.

Latvians
Latvians (Latvian: latvieši) are a Baltic ethnic group and nation native to Latvia and the immediate geographical region, the Baltics. They are occasionally also referred to as Letts, especially in older bibliography. Latvians share a common Latvian language, culture, history and ancestry.
Gilka Machado
Gilka Machado (1893–1980) was a Brazilian poet and political activist. She became known as one of the first women to write erotic poetry in Brazil; her work is usually classified as symbolist. Machado was also one of the founders of the Partido Republicano Feminino (Women's Republican Party) in 1910,which advocated for the women's right to vote.

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
Niederscherli railway station
Niederscherli railway station (German: Bahnhof Niederscherli) is a railway station in the municipality of Köniz, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Bern–Schwarzenburg line of BLS AG.

Bern–Schwarzenburg railway line
The Bern–Schwarzenburg railway line is a railway line in Switzerland. It was built by the Bern-Schwarzenburg-Bahn (Bern-Schwarzenburg Railway, BSB). It was opened on 1 June 1907 between Bern and Schwarzenburg.

A train derailed in Ausserholligen station on 28 June 1916 and a carriage and overturned; one passenger died and 20 were injured.

The railway company merged on 1 January 1944 with the Gürbetalbahn (GTB) to form the Gürbetal-Bern-Schwarzenburg-Bahn (GBS), which continued the operation of the BSB line.

The GBS was then part of an operating group led by the Bern–Lötschberg–Simplon railway (Bern-Lötschberg-Simplon-Bahn, BLS). The four group companies merged in 1997 to form the BLS Lötschberg Railway, which in turn merged with the Regionalverkehr Mittelland (RM) in 2006 to form BLS AG, which now owns the former BSB line.
Putnam (CDP), Connecticut
Putnam District is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. The CDP was formed when the former city of Putnam disincorporated, and it consists of the main town center of the town of Putnam along the Quinebaug River. The village is part of the Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 7,214 at the 2010 census.

Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut
The Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region is a planning region and county-equivalent in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is served by the coterminous Northeastern Connecticut Council of Governments (NECCOG). In 2022, planning regions were approved to replace Connecticut's counties as county-equivalents for statistical purposes, with full implementation occurring by 2024.
Wolfgang Lechner
Wolfgang Lechner (born 14 May 1981 in Kufstein) is a theoretical physicist from Austria. He is the co-founder and co-CEO of the company ParityQC (Parity Quantum Computing GmbH) and professor at the Institute for Theoretical Physics of the University of Innsbruck.

Kufstein
Kufstein (German pronunciation: [ˈkʊfʃtaɪn] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Kufstoa) is a town in the Austrian state of Tyrol, the administrative seat of Kufstein District. With a population of about 20,000, it is the second largest Tyrolean town after the state capital Innsbruck. The greatest landmark is Kufstein Fortress, first mentioned in the 13th century. The town was the place of origin of the Austrian noble family Kuefstein.