hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electoral reform in Ohio
Electoral reform in Ohio refers to efforts to change the voting laws in Ohio. The official in charge of voting procedures in the state of Ohio is the Secretary of State.

With regard to the disenfranchisement of African-Americans, the State Assembly first allowed challenges at polling places in 1831. By 1859, persons possessing a "visible admixture of African blood" could possibly be denied the right to vote.

Representative Dennis Kucinich also declared that there were issues with voter suppression in Ohio during the 2004 United States presidential election:

Dirty tricks occurred across the state, including phony letters from Boards of Elections telling people that their registration through some Democratic activist groups were invalid and that Kerry voters were to report on Wednesday because of massive voter turnout. Phone calls to voters giving them erroneous polling information were also common.

Voter suppression
Voter suppression is the discouragement or prevention of specific groups of people from voting or registering to vote. It is distinguished from political campaigning in that campaigning attempts to change likely voting behavior by changing the opinions of potential voters through persuasion and organization, activating otherwise inactive voters, or registering new supporters. Voter suppression, instead, attempts to gain an advantage by reducing the turnout of certain voters. Suppression is an anti-democratic tactic associated with authoritarianism.

The tactics of voter suppression range from changes that increase voter fatigue, to intimidating or harming prospective voters.
Patrick M. Vollmer
Patrick Matthias Vollmer (born 18 August 1969) is a German-British librarian and information professional who has been the librarian of the House of Lords Library since 2016 and director of its Library Services since 2015.

Information professional
The term information professional or information specialist refers to professionals responsible for the collection, documentation, organization, storage, preservation, retrieval, and dissemination of printed and digital information. The service delivered to the client is known as an information service.

The term "information professional" is a versatile one, used to describe similar and sometimes overlapping professions, such as librarians, archivists, information managers, information systems specialists, information scientists, records managers, and information consultants. However, terminology differs among sources and organisations. Information professionals are employed in a variety of private, public, and academic institutions, as well as independently.
David Hochstein
David Hochstein (February 16, 1892 – October 12, 1918) was an American virtuoso violinist from Rochester, New York. After enlisting in the United States Army during World War I, he was killed during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. In his honor, a music school was started in Rochester, and it now bears the name Hochstein School of Music & Dance.

Virtuoso
A virtuoso (from Italian virtuoso, Italian: [virˈtwoːzo] or Italian: [virtuˈoːso]; Late Latin virtuosus; Latin virtus; 'virtue', 'excellence' or 'skill') is an individual who possesses outstanding talent and technical ability in a particular art or field such as fine arts, music, singing, playing a musical instrument, or composition.
Veržej
Veržej (pronounced [ʋɛɾˈʒeːi̯]) is a settlement in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Veržej. It lies on the right bank of the Mura River. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Mura Statistical Region. It was known for fields of white narcisi that bloom in the area in springtime.

Narcissus poeticus
Narcissus poeticus, the poet's daffodil, poet's narcissus, nargis, pheasant's eye, findern flower or pinkster lily, was one of the first daffodils to be cultivated, and is frequently identified as the narcissus of ancient times (although Narcissus tazetta and Narcissus jonquilla have also been considered as possibilities). It is also often associated with the Greek legend of Narcissus. It is the type species of the genus Narcissus.
Eduardo Lausse
Eduardo Jorge Lausse (November 27, 1927 – May 8, 1995) was an Argentine middleweight contender, known for his knockout punch, who boxed from 1947 to 1960. He was a southpaw who fought mainly in South America.  His career record was 75 wins (63 by KO), 10 losses and 2 draws.

He fought former welterweight champion Kid Gavilan on September 13, 1952, dropping a ten round decision, but defeated Gavilan in a rematch on September 3, 1955.  Lausse, nicknamed El Zurdo,  also fought and outpointed future middleweight champion Gene Fullmer, but never fought for the crown.  In 2003 Lausse made the Ring Magazine's list of 100 greatest punchers of all time.

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.
Brown spider monkey
The brown spider monkey or variegated spider monkey (Ateles hybridus) is a critically endangered species of spider monkey, a type of New World monkey, from forests in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela.

Like all spider monkeys, it has long, slender limbs and a long prehensile tail. The brown spider monkey has a whitish belly and patch on the forehead, and – highly unusual among spider monkeys – its eyes can be pale blue.

New World monkey
New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea (/səˈbɔɪdi.ə/), the only extant superfamily in the parvorder Platyrrhini (/plætɪˈraɪnaɪ/).

Platyrrhini is derived from the Greek for "broad nosed", and their noses are flatter than those of other simians, with sideways-facing nostrils. Monkeys in the family Atelidae, such as the spider monkey, are the only primates to have prehensile tails. New World monkeys' closest relatives are the other simians, the Catarrhini ("down-nosed"), comprising Old World monkeys and apes. New World monkeys descend from African simians that colonized South America, a line that split off about 40 million years ago.
2012 Bank of the West Classic – Doubles
Victoria Azarenka and Maria Kirilenko were the defending champions, but both decided not to participate.

Marina Erakovic and Heather Watson won the title, defeating Jarmila Gajdošová and Vania King in the final, 7–5, 7–6(9–7).

Marina Erakovic
Marina Erakovic (/məˈrɪnə ɪˈrækəvɪtʃ/ mə-RIN-ə ih-RAK-ə-vitch; Croatian: Marina Eraković [marǐːna erǎːkoʋitɕ]; born 6 March 1988) is a former tennis player from New Zealand. She achieved career-high rankings of 39 in singles and 25 in doubles, and won a singles title (at Memphis in February 2013) and eight doubles titles on the WTA Tour.
James B. Colgate (ship)
42°5′22.6788″N 81°44′16.8612″W﻿ / ﻿42.089633000°N 81.738017000°W﻿ / 42.089633000; -81.738017000

James B. Colgate was a whaleback steamer that sank off the shores of Long Point, Ontario, Canada, in Lake Erie on 20 October 1916.  This day was dubbed "Black Friday" because of its fierce winds and towering waves wreaking havoc on numerous vessels traveling on Lake Erie's waters.  The James B. Colgate, loaded with coal, left on its final voyage from Buffalo, New York, heading for Fort William, Ontario today known as Thunder Bay.  The vessel had a tonnage of 1,713 tons and measured 308 feet (94 m) in length. Captain Walter Grashaw was the only surviving member of the 26-man crew.

Long Point, Ontario
Long Point is a sand spit and medium-sized hamlet on the north shore of Lake Erie, part of Norfolk County in the province of Ontario, Canada.

It is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) long and about 1 km (0.62 mi) across at its widest point. Lake Erie lies to the south of Long Point, and Long Point Bay lies on the north side. The bay is subdivided into the Inner Bay and Outer Bay by a line that runs between Turkey Point to the north and Pottahawk Point to the south. Some of the towns along the bay's north shore include Port Rowan, Turkey Point, and Port Dover. Long Point is north of and across the lake from Presque Isle and Erie, Pennsylvania.
Louise Wong
Louise Wong Tan-ni (Chinese: 王丹妮; born 3 July 1990) is a Hong Kong actress and model. She was born in Shandong, China, then she moved to Hong Kong at a young age. She is best known for her role as Cantopop singer Anita Mui in the 2022 biographical musical drama film Anita, which earned her Best New Performer winning and Best Actress nomination at the 40th Hong Kong Film Awards.

40th Hong Kong Film Awards
The 40th Hong Kong Film Awards presentation ceremony took place at The Star Hall at Kowloonbay International Trade & Exhibition Centre (KITEC) on 17 July 2022. Earlier it was scheduled for April 17 but it was postponed thrice due to COVID-19. Nominations announced on 16 February 2022, include films released theatrically both in 2020 and 2021, as the 2021 edition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Raging Fire won the best film award, whereas its director Benny Chan, who died in 2020 and won the best director award at the ceremony. Anita, a biopic on Cantopop star Anita Mui won most awards, followed by Limbo and Raging Fire.
Radvanje District
The Radvanje District (pronounced [ˈɾaːdʋanjɛ]; Slovene: Mestna četrt Radvanje) is a city district of the City Municipality of Maribor in northeastern Slovenia. The district has a population of about 8,000.

Urban Municipality of Maribor
The Urban Municipality of Maribor (pronounced [ˈmaːɾibɔɾ]), also the City of Maribor (Slovene: Mestna občina Maribor, acronym MOM), is one of twelve urban municipalities in Slovenia. Its seat is Maribor, the second-largest city in Slovenia. The population of the municipality was 114,301 in 2025.

It borders Austria.
Natalia Gatti
Natalia Gatti  (born 20 October 1982) is an Argentine women's international footballer who plays as a forward. She is a member of the Argentina women's national football team. Gatti was part of the national team at the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup and 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup. At the club level, she played for Boca Juniors in Argentina, and currently plays for KAC (Kimberley Athletic Club).

Argentina women's national football team
The Argentina women's national football team represents Argentina in international women's football. Like their men's counterpart, the women's team has been known or nicknamed "La Albiceleste" (The White and Sky Blue).

Women's football in Argentina remains largely in the shadow of the men's game in terms of play development and fan support; in women's sports in Argentina, field hockey and volleyball are also more popular. Almost all its members were amateur players until 1991, when the Campeonato de Fútbol Femenino was founded to increase football popularity among women in Argentina.

The Argentina–Brazil football rivalry in women's football cannot be compared to that of men, given the big differences between both countries; Brazil has the clear advantage in matches between them, and has been hosting a competitive professional women's league for many years, while Argentina only introduced it in 2019.
Elaine Bennett Research Prize
The Elaine Bennett Research Prize, awarded every year by the American Economic Association, recognizes and honors outstanding research in any field of economics by a woman not more than ten years beyond her Ph.D. Prior to 2023 the award had been given every other year for a woman not more than seven years beyond her PhD. First awarded in 1998, three of the first six winners of this prize have been the first three female winners of the John Bates Clark Medal.

American Economic Association
The American Economic Association (AEA) is a learned society in the field of economics, with approximately 23,000 members. It publishes several peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Review, and the Journal of Economic Perspectives.
Johann Christian Simon Handt
Johann Christian Simon Handt (born Johann Christian Simon Hundt; 1794 – 7 July 1863) was a German-born Australian minister and missionary of Lutheran faith. Known for being Queensland's first missionary or one of the first, Handt is also said to have brought in the first pineapples in Queensland.

Pineapple
The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae.

The pineapple is indigenous to South America, where it has been cultivated for many centuries. The introduction of the pineapple plant to Europe in the 17th century made it a significant cultural icon of luxury. Since the 1820s, pineapple has been commercially grown in greenhouses and many tropical plantations. The fruit, particularly its juice, has diverse uses in cuisines and desserts.

Pineapples grow as a small shrub; the individual flowers of the unpollinated plant fuse to form a multiple fruit. The plant normally propagates from the offset produced at the top of the fruit or from a side shoot, and typically matures within a year.
Alice Manicur
Alice Roberta Manicur (September 13, 1924 – January 2, 2017) was an American educator and college administrator. She was dean of students and vice president of Frostburg State University, and president of the National Association for Student Personnel Administrators. She was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame in 2012.

Maryland Women's Hall of Fame
The Maryland Women's Hall of Fame (MWHF) recognizes significant achievements and statewide contributions made by women who are Maryland-natives or state residents. It was established in 1985 by the Maryland Commission for Women and the Women Legislators of Maryland. Honorees are selected by an independent committee each year and are inducted in March during Women's History Month.
Jeff Andrus
Jeffery Hughes "Jeff" Andrus (/ˈændrəs/; March 19, 1947 – March 27, 2011) was an American author, best known for having written The Proverb (2004), adapting Pope John Paul II's 1960 play The Jeweler's Shop, Doc (1971), As Summers Die, and the Tracer Family mystery fiction series. Additionally, Andrus wrote and made a cameo appearance in the 2004 Award-Winning short film The Proverb along with Scott Waara and Nancy Stafford.

Andrus was born in King City, California and graduated from Stanford University. He married Gwyneth in about 1969. Andrus died on March 27, 2011, of congestive heart failure.

Scott Waara
Scott Waara (born June 5, 1957) is an American actor. He made his Broadway debut as a member of the ensemble for the musical Wind in the Willows, and performed in Welcome to the Club and City of Angels. He won the Best Featured Actor Tony Award for his performance of Herman in The Most Happy Fella in 1992.
South Wales Coalfield
The South Wales Coalfield (Welsh: Maes glo De Cymru) extends across Pembrokeshire, Carmarthenshire, Swansea, Neath Port Talbot, Bridgend, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Merthyr Tydfil, Caerphilly, Blaenau Gwent and Torfaen. It is rich in coal deposits, especially in the South Wales Valleys.

Torfaen
Torfaen (/tɔːrˈvaɪn/; [tɔrˈvaɪn]) is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. Torfaen is bordered by the county of Monmouthshire to the east, the city of Newport to the south, and the county boroughs of Caerphilly and Blaenau Gwent to the south-west and north-west. It is within the boundaries of the historic county of Monmouthshire, and between 1974 and 1996 was a district of Gwent, until it was reconstituted as a principal area in 1996.
Maureen Fitch
Maureen Fitch is a plant physiologist who worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and currently works for Hawaii Agriculture Research Center. She was part of the team of researchers that engineered papayas resistant to the Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), and has co-authored many other papers on this subject, and related topics.

Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association
The Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association (HSPA) was an unincorporated, voluntary organization of sugarcane plantation owners in the Hawaiian Islands.  It began as the Planters' Labor and Supply Company in 1882, later transforming into the HSPA in 1895. Its objective was to promote the mutual benefits of its members and the development of the sugar industry in the islands. Among the achievements of the association, the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experiment Station in Honolulu stood near the head of the list.
Geological Society of Australia
The Geological Society of Australia (GSA) was established as a non-profit organisation in 1952 to promote, advance and support earth sciences in Australia. The founding chairperson was Edwin Sherbon Hills.

William Rowan Browne was a founder of the society and was president 1955–56.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Coloradia prchali
Coloradia prchali or Prchal's pinemoth, is a species of hemileucine silkmoth (Saturniidae) from eastern Sonora and western Chihuahua in the Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests. Its habitat includes conifer-oak forest composed of Pinus ponderosa, Pinus engelmannii, Pinus leiophylla, Juniperus deppeana, Quercus arizonica, Quercus grisea and Quercus viminea.

Quercus viminea
Quercus viminea, the Sonoran oak, or Mexican willow oak, is a North American species of oak. It is native to northwestern and west-central Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Durango, Nayarit, Jalisco), primarily in the Sierra Madre Occidental. The species range extends just north of the international border into Santa Cruz County in southern Arizona.

Quercus viminea is an evergreen or drought-deciduous tree growing up to 10 metres (33 feet) tall. The leaves are narrowly lance-shaped, up to 15 centimetres (6 inches) long.
Razdolna, Alaska
Razdolna (Russian: Раздольна, pronounced [rɐzdˈolʲna]) is a small unincorporated community in Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska, United States.  Located on the Kenai Peninsula, it lies roughly 30 miles east of Homer. The community is one of several settlements of Russian Old Believers in the Fox River area. There are about 30 families in Razdolna. In 2009 the Mile 17 fire threatened the hamlet.

Homer, Alaska
Homer (Dena'ina: Tuggeght) is a city in Kenai Peninsula Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is 218 mi (351 km) southwest of Anchorage. According to the 2020 census, the population was 5,522, up from 5,003 in 2010. Long known as the "Halibut Fishing Capital of the World", Homer is also nicknamed "the end of the road", and more recently,  "the cosmic hamlet by the sea".
Transport in Cyprus
Transport in Cyprus consists of land, water and air transport. Road transport is the primary mode for most Cypriot citizens, and Cyprus's road transport systems are well-developed and extensively used across the island.

Because Cyprus no longer has a working railway system, various other methods of transport are needed to ensure the proper delivery of any cargo, be it human or freight. As the last passenger railway was dismantled in 1952, the only remaining modes of transport are by road, sea, and air.

Ercan International Airport
Ercan International Airport (IATA: ECN, ICAO: LCEN) is the primary civilian airport of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km (8.1 mi) east of Nicosia, near the village of Kırklar. The airport only serves flights to and from Turkey.
Maria Gevorgyan
Maria Gevorgyan (Armenian: Մարիա Գևորգյան; born 21 December 1994) is an Armenian chess player who holds the title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM, 2019). She is a five-time Armenian Women Chess Champion (2016, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2023).

Armenian Chess Championship
This is a list of all the winners of the Armenian Chess Championship. The first championship was played in 1934, when Armenia was a part of the Transcaucasian SFSR. Championships were held sporadically in the Armenian SSR until 1945, when they became contested every year; this has continued today in independent Armenia. The tournament has usually been held as a round robin of the country's top players.
2011 Colombian regional and municipal elections
The 2011 Colombian regional and municipal elections were held on 30 October 2011, to elect the governors of 32  departments and their Department Assemblies, the mayors of 1,099 municipalities and their city councils, and the Local Administrative Juntas (JAL) of national territories.

Green Alliance (Colombia)
The Green Alliance (Spanish: Alianza Verde) is a green political party in Colombia. The party advocates social justice, electoral reform and economic sustainability.

The party supports the Colombian peace process and formed the electoral alliance Coalition Colombia with centrist and centre-left parties such as Civic Compromise to present a single presidential candidate, Sergio Fajardo in the 2018 presidential election.
Ust-Kurya
Ust-Kurya (Russian: Усть-Курья) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Korotoyaksky Selsoviet, Khabarsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 157 as of 2013. It was founded in 1876. There are 3 streets.

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Metacetamol
Metacetamol (developmental code name BS-749), also known as 3-hydroxyacetanilide and AMAP, is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic and antipyretic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug.

Metacetamol is known to have several polymorphs. Form II is metastable, while form I is stable. Metacetamol polymorph II transforms to form I upon water moisture or direct contact with water and other popular solvents. Metacetamol II form may be obtained on cooling in narrow temperature regime.

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
Al Hoceima National Park
Al Hoceima National Park (Arabic: المنتزه الوطني للحسيمة, Tarifit: Afrag Anamur n Lhusima) is a national park located outside the town of Al Hoceima in Morocco. It covers an area of 480 km2 (185 sq mi), including 196 km2 (76 sq mi) of sea. The park was created in 2004 and is managed by the Haut-Commissariat des eaux et forêts et de la lutte contre la désertification.

Tarifit
Tarifit (Tarifit: Tmaziɣt, ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴼⵉⵜ, pronounced [θmæzɪχt]; Arabic: الريفية, romanized: ar-rīfīyah), also known as Riffian,  is a Zenati Berber language spoken in the Rif region in northern Morocco. It is spoken natively by some 1,200,000 Riffians, comprising 3.2% of the population of Morocco, primarily in the Rif provinces of Nador, Al Hoceima and Driouch.