hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bjørn T. Grydeland
Bjørn Trygve Grydeland (born 30 May 1949) is a Norwegian civil servant and diplomat.

He graduated as cand.polit. from the University of Oslo in 1979. He was deputy under-secretary of State in the Office of the Prime Minister from 1988 to 1992, and secretary-general there from 1992 to 2001. From 2001 to 2005 he was the Norwegian ambassador to the European Union in Brussels. From 2006 to 2007 he was a president in the European Free Trade Association Surveillance Authority, before returning to Norway as permanent under-secretary of State of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 2011 to 2017 he served as the Norwegian ambassador to Italy.

In 2008 he was proclaimed Commander with Star of the Order of St. Olav. He resides at Ballerud.

Office of the Prime Minister (Norway)
The Norwegian Office of the Prime Minister (Norwegian: Statsministerens kontor, abbreviated SMK) is a cabinet department that assists the Cabinet of Norway and the Prime Minister of Norway in the leadership of the Cabinet and Government. It has since 2021 been led by Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre (Labour Party). The State Secretary in charge of the office is Kristine Joy Nordenson Kallset. The office has about 55 employees.
Carson Valley, Pennsylvania
Carson Valley is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The CDP is in western Blair County, in the eastern part of Allegheny Township. It is named for the valley in which it sits, drained to the east by Spencer Run coming down from the Allegheny Front. Carson Valley Road leads east to Pennsylvania Route 764 at Cross Keys and west up the valley 2 miles (3 km) to the foot of the Allegheny Front escarpment. U.S. Route 22, a four-lane freeway, runs south and west of Carson Valley, with the closest access to the east from PA 764. Altoona is 6 miles (10 km) north of the CDP, and Hollidaysburg is 4 miles (6 km) to the southeast. Cresson is 12 miles (19 km) to the west via Route 22.

Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania
Hollidaysburg is a borough in and the county seat of Blair County in the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is located on the Juniata River, 5 miles (8 km) south of Altoona and is part of the Altoona, Pennsylvania, metropolitan statistical area. In 1900, 2,998 people lived in the borough, in 1910, 3,734 lived there, and in 1940, 5,910 residents were counted. The population was 5,641 at the 2020 census. Coal, iron ore, ganister, and limestone are found in the vicinity. In the past, the borough had foundries and machine shops, a silk mill, car works and classification yards.

From 1834 to 1854, the borough was an important port on Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, where the Juniata Division Canal connected to the Allegheny Portage Railroad.

The center of Hollidaysburg is frequently referred to as "The Diamond," where the buildings and parking spaces form a diamond. This area serves as the hub for parades, festivals and other town celebrations.
Sister Jeanne Cashman
Sister Jeanne Cashman is the founder and executive director of Sojourners’ Place, a shelter in Delaware for homeless men and women that helps them to get on their feet. Cashman founded Sojourners’ Place in 1991. She took her vows in 1972 and became an educator in New York and at Ursuline Academy in Wilmington, Delaware. Seeing the need for an open ended time frame for homeless people to develop skills, she opened Sojourners’ Place where residents stay, on average, for six to eight months.  70% of the people who stay with them after prison leave successfully. She is also part of the Delaware “God Squad” that fights for interfaith acceptance.  Together with Rabbi Peter Grumbacher and the Lutheran Rev. David Mueller she team-teaches a class each February at the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute at the University of Delaware in Wilmington.

Ursuline Academy (Delaware)
Ursuline Academy is a private school in Wilmington, Delaware, which offers Early Childhood (Montessori (ages 2.5–5) and Kindergarten) and elementary (grades 1–5) school for both girls and boys, Middle (Grades 6–8), and Upper (Grades 9–12) school classes for girls. Established in 1893 by the Ursulines, it is an independent, Catholic, college-preparatory school.
INI (Japanese boy group)
INI (アイエヌアイ, Aienuai) is a Japanese boy band formed through the reality competition show Produce 101 Japan 2. The group is composed of eleven members: Masaya Kimura, Hiromu Takatsuka, Shogo Tajima, Kyosuke Fujimaki, Takumi Ozaki, Hiroto Nishi, Jin Matsuda,  Fengfan Xu, Rihito Ikezaki, Yudai Sano and Takeru Goto. Like the winners of the first season of Produce 101 Japan, INI is intended to be a permanent group. The group is managed by Lapone Entertainment, a joint company between Yoshimoto Kogyo and CJ ENM.

They made their debut on November 3, 2021, with the single A.

Yahoo Japan
Yahoo! Japan (ヤフー, Yafū) is a Japanese web portal. It was the most-visited website in Japan in October 2018, and among the top 50 worldwide.

In 2020, Yahoo! Japan was the 4th most visited website in Japan and contains many services outside search, including auctions, weather, and mapping services. In terms of use as a search engine, however, it has never surpassed Google. The company is the second largest search engine used in Japan as of July 2021, with a market share of 19% behind Google's 77%.
Blanche d'Orléans
Blanche Marie Amélie Caroline Louise Victoire d'Orléans (28 October 1857 –  4 February 1932) was the fourth and last child of Prince Louis, Duke de Nemours and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and the granddaughter of Louis Philippe I, the last king of France.

Princess Maria Carolina of the Two Sicilies (born 1822)
Princess Maria Carolina Augusta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (26 April 1822 – 6 December 1869) was a Princess of Bourbon-Two Sicilies by birth and a princess of the House of Orléans through her marriage to Prince Henry of Orléans, Duke of Aumale. She was the daughter of Leopold, Prince of Salerno and Archduchess Clementina of Austria, and was their only child to survive to adulthood.
Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)
Peter Schaefer (born July 12, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Ottawa Senators, Boston Bruins and Vancouver Canucks. During his playing career, he was best known as a two-way forward. After his playing career, Schaefer most recently served as head coach, general manager and president of the Surrey Eagles of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL).

Four Broncos Memorial Trophy
The Four Broncos Memorial Trophy is awarded each year to the Western Hockey League's Player of the Year.

The trophy is named in honour of four members of the Swift Current Broncos who were killed on December 30, 1986 in the Swift Current Broncos bus crash: Trent Kresse, Scott Kruger, Chris Mantyka, and Brent Ruff. The accident that occurred as the team bus was en route to a game in Regina.
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium vivax is a protozoal parasite and a human pathogen. This parasite is the most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring malaria.  Although it is less virulent than Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest of the five human malaria parasites,  P. vivax malaria infections can lead to severe disease and death, often due to splenomegaly (a pathologically enlarged spleen). P. vivax is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito; the males do not bite.

Splenomegaly
Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen. The spleen usually lies in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the human abdomen. Splenomegaly is one of the four cardinal signs of hypersplenism which include: some reduction in number of circulating blood cells affecting granulocytes, erythrocytes or platelets in any combination; a compensatory proliferative response in the bone marrow; and the potential for correction of these abnormalities by splenectomy. Splenomegaly is usually associated with increased workload (such as in hemolytic anemias), which suggests that it is a response to hyperfunction. It is therefore not surprising that splenomegaly is associated with any disease process that involves abnormal red blood cells being destroyed in the spleen. Other common causes include congestion due to portal hypertension and infiltration by leukemias and lymphomas. Thus, the finding of an enlarged spleen, along with caput medusae, is an important sign of portal hypertension.
Retract (group theory)
In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a subgroup of a group is termed a retract if there is an endomorphism of the group that maps surjectively to the subgroup and is the identity on the subgroup. In symbols,  is a retract of  if and only if there is an endomorphism  such that  for all  and  for all .

The endomorphism  is an idempotent element in the transformation monoid of endomorphisms, so it is called an idempotent endomorphism or a retraction.

The following is known about retracts:

A subgroup is a retract if and only if it has a normal complement. The normal complement, specifically, is the kernel of the retraction.

Every direct factor is a retract. Conversely, any retract which is a normal subgroup is a direct factor.

Every retract has the congruence extension property.

Every regular factor, and in particular, every free factor, is a retract.

Idempotence
Idempotence (UK: /ˌɪdɛmˈpoʊtəns/, US: /ˈaɪdəm-/) is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. The concept of idempotence arises in a number of places in abstract algebra (in particular, in the theory of projectors and closure operators) and functional programming (in which it is connected to the property of referential transparency).

The term was introduced by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in 1870 in the context of elements of algebras that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "(the quality of having) the same power", from idem + potence (same + power).
Unigene Laboratories
Unigene Laboratories was an American biopharmaceutical company, engaged in the research and development of peptides for medical purposes. The company was founded in 1980 and is located in New Jersey.

The company's primary focus is on the development of calcitonin and related peptides for the treatment of osteoporosis.  The company has licensed worldwide rights to its oral parathyroid hormone ("PTH") to GlaxoSmithKline.

Unigene filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on July 2, 2013 in the United States Bankruptcy Court of the District of New Jersey. The Chapter 7 case is being administered under case No. 13-24696.

Calcitonin
Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid (or endostyle) in humans and other chordates in the ultimopharyngeal body. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Its importance in humans has not been as well established as its importance in other animals, as its function is usually not significant in the regulation of normal calcium homeostasis. It belongs to the calcitonin-like protein family.

Historically calcitonin has also been called thyrocalcitonin.
Beleń-Kolonia
Beleń-Kolonia [ˈbɛlɛɲ kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zapolice, within Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Zapolice, 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zduńska Wola, and 49 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zduńska Wola County
Zduńska Wola County (Polish: powiat zduńskowolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zduńska Wola, which lies 41 kilometres (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Szadek, lying 12 km (7 mi) north of Zduńska Wola.

The county covers an area of 369.19 square kilometres (142.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 67,704, out of which the population of Zduńska Wola is 44,370, that of Szadek is 2,007, and the rural population is 21,327.
Ronald Moon (priest)
Ronald Earl Moon (5 May 1932 – 15 September 2011) was an Australian Anglican priest who was an archdeacon and a cathedral dean in the 20th century.

Moon was educated at St John's College, Morpeth, and ordained both deacon and priest in 1956. After a curacy in Tumut (1956–57), he was the incumbent at Tarcutta from 1957 to 1963 and then of Binda (1963–66). He was then a field officer for the Anglican Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn from 1966 until 1970; and Rector of Cootamundra from 1971 to 1980. He then served at All Saints, Ainslie, Dubbo and Braidwood, and was then Dean of St Saviour's Cathedral, Goulburn, (1986–92). He was Archdeacon of Barker from 1992 to 1996.

Ainslie, Australian Capital Territory
Ainslie is a suburb of Canberra, Australia in the North Canberra district.

The suburb is bounded by Limestone Avenue and Majura Avenue to the west and north, Phillip Avenue to the north-east, Mount Ainslie to the east and Quick Street to the south.

Ainslie is within walking distance of the City, the nature trails of Mount Ainslie, the Australian War Memorial and the many restaurants of Dickson. It has many attractions: a central location, with equally easy access to the CBD and the bush trails of Mount Ainslie; the abundance of charming early twentieth-century, heritage-listed houses; mature deciduous street trees and general leafiness; and a vibrant local shopping centre.
Scytinostromella
Scytinostromella is a genus of crust fungi in the Stereaceae family. The widespread genus contains five species. The genus was circumscribed by Estonian mycologist Erast Parmasto in 1968, who set Peniophora heterogenea as the type species. Characteristic features of the genus include dimitic hyphae, spores that are both amyloid and asperulate (roughened by many small points or warts), and the presence of cystidia and rhizomorphic strands.

Corticioid fungi
The corticioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. They are sometimes colloquially called crust fungi or patch fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Corticium ("corticioid" means Corticium-like) and subsequently to the family Corticiaceae, but it is now known that all corticioid species are not necessarily closely related. The fact that they look similar is an example of convergent evolution. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "corticioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers and other texts.
Althea Racing
Althea Racing is a motorcycle racing team based in Civita Castellana, Italy. For 2023, the team operates within the Supersport World Championship, as Ducati Althea Racing Team, using one rider only, Federico Caricasulo.

In 2020, the race season was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic after the first round in March hosted in Australia; on resumption in August Jordi Torres was replaced by Lorenzo Gabellini for three rounds until Althea's Italian management split from Moriwaki.

Althea previously competed the defunct European Superstock 1000 Championship, winning in 2016 with rider Raffaele De Rosa.

Supersport World Championship
The Supersport World Championship, abbreviated to WorldSSP, is a motorcycle racing competition on hard-surfaced circuits, based on mid-sized sports motorcycles. Competition machines were originally based on production-based motorcycles with 600 cc to 955 cc engines, depending on the number of cylinders. After trials in UK national series British Supersport, from 2022 the regulations have changed to allow eligibility of larger-displacement engines, to reflect the engine sizes being produced and encourage different manufacturers.

The championship runs as a support class to the Superbike World Championship, which is similarly based on large production-based sports motorcycles. The championship, organized and promoted as its parent series by FGSport—renamed Infront Motor Sports in 2008—until 2012 and by Dorna from the 2013 season onwards, is sanctioned by the FIM.
Victoria Dock branch line
The Victoria Dock branch line was a branch line within the city of Kingston upon Hull that connected the Hull and Hornsea Railway to the east and the York and North Midland Railway and Hull and Selby Railway to the west, terminating at Victoria Dock Station.

York and North Midland Railway
The York and North Midland Railway (Y&NMR) was an English railway company that opened in 1839 connecting York with the Leeds and Selby Railway, and in 1840, extended this line to meet the North Midland Railway at Normanton near Leeds. Its first chairman was the railway financier George Hudson, who had been called the railway king.

The railway expanded, by building new lines or buying or leasing already built ones, to serve Hull, Scarborough, Whitby, Market Weighton, and Harrogate. In 1849 Hudson resigned as chairman as an investigation found financial irregularities in his running of the company. The results of a price war in the early 1850s led to amalgamation and on 31 July 1854 the Y&NMR merged with the Leeds Northern Railway and the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway to form the North Eastern Railway.
Joshua Tenenbaum
Joshua Brett Tenenbaum (Josh Tenenbaum) is Professor of Computational Cognitive Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is known for contributions to mathematical psychology and Bayesian cognitive science. According to the MacArthur Foundation, which named him a MacArthur Fellow in 2019, "Tenenbaum is one of the first to develop and apply probabilistic and statistical modeling to the study of human learning, reasoning, and perception, and to show how these models can explain a fundamental challenge of cognition: how our minds understand so much from so little, so quickly."

Bayesian cognitive science
Bayesian cognitive science, also known as computational cognitive science, is an approach to cognitive science concerned with the rational analysis of cognition through the use of Bayesian inference and cognitive modeling. The term "computational" refers to the computational level of analysis as put forth by David Marr.

This work often consists of testing the hypothesis that cognitive systems behave like rational Bayesian agents in particular types of tasks. Past work has applied this idea to categorization, language, motor control, sequence learning, reinforcement learning and theory of mind.

At other times, Bayesian rationality is assumed, and the goal is to infer the knowledge that agents have, and the mental representations that they use.

It is important to contrast this with the ordinary use of Bayesian inference in cognitive science, which is independent of rational modeling (see e.g. Michael Lee's work).
Fernando Manríquez
Fernando Alejandro Manríquez Hernández (born 1 February 1984) is a Chilean professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

An experienced midfielder, Manríquez has spent his entire professional in Chile, including three stints at Santiago Morning and over 170 appearances at C.D. Universidad de Concepción.

C.D. Universidad de Concepción
Club Deportivo Universidad de Concepción, also known as Universidad de Concepción, are a Chilean football club based in Concepción, that is a current member of the Primera B. The club's home stadium is the Estadio Ester Roa de Concepción, which has a 30,480-spectator capacity.
Gottlieb Heileman
Johann Gottlieb Heileman (January 6, 1824 in Kirchheim unter Teck, Württemberg – February 19, 1878 in La Crosse, Wisconsin) was the founder of the G. Heileman Brewing Company in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Heileman founded the brewery in 1858. His business strategy focused on producing the best local beer, rather than expanding nationwide like his company's contemporary Anheuser-Busch.

Württemberg
Württemberg (/ˈwɜːrtəmbɜːrɡ, ˈvɜːrt-/ WURT-əm-burg, VURT-; German: [ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart.

Together with Baden and Hohenzollern, two other historical territories, Württemberg now forms the Federal State of Baden-Württemberg. Württemberg was formerly also spelled Würtemberg and Wirtemberg.
Breggia (river)
Breggia is a Swiss-Italian river. The springs are around the Monte Generoso and Monte d'Orimento in the Val d'Intelvi at an elevation of 1,389 metres (4,557 ft). It enters Swiss territory between Erbonne and Scudellate, and flows along the Muggio Valley until Chiasso/Vacallo, where it again enters Italian territory, in Maslianico. Breggia then drains into Lake Como, near Villa Erba between Como and Cernobbio at an elevation of 198 metres (650 ft).

Maslianico
Maslianico (Italian: [maˈzljaːniko]; Comasco: Maslianigh [maˈzljaːnik]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Milan and about 5 kilometres (3 mi) northwest of Como, on the border with Switzerland.

Maslianico borders the following municipalities: Cernobbio, Como, Vacallo (Switzerland).
Arsik
Arsik is an Indonesian spicy fish dish of the Batak Toba and Mandailing people of North Sumatra, usually using the common carp (known in Indonesia as ikan mas or gold fish).

Distinctively Batak elements of the dish are the use of torch ginger fruit (asam cikala), and andaliman (similar to Sichuan pepper). Common Indonesian vegetables and spices such as shallots, garlic, ginger, fresh turmeric root and chili are also used.

Andaliman, essential for the distinctive taste of the dish, is known to grow only in the Batak highlands of North Tapanuli and Samosir, hence this dish is regarded as being specifically of the Batak Toba and Mandailing people, who dwell in these areas.

Zanthoxylum acanthopodium
Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, or andaliman, is a flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. Its range includes southwestern China, Bangladesh, Bhutan, north and northeastern India, Nepal, Laos, Myanmar, northern Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia (northern Sumatran highlands), and Peninsular Malaysia.
Moel Tryfan
Moel Tryfan (429 m / 1407 ft) is a small mountain near the villages of Rhosgadfan, Y Fron and Betws Garmon, in northern Gwynedd. The higher and more famous peak of Tryfan above Dyffryn Ogwen has also sometimes been referred to as "Moel Tryfan" in the past.

Moel Tryfan could be regarded as the westerly outlier of the larger Mynydd Mawr. The southern and eastern flanks of the mountain were heavily quarried in the past, particularly at Moel Tryfran Quarry and Cilgwyn quarry.

Tryfan
Tryfan (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈtrəvan]) is a mountain in the Ogwen Valley, Snowdonia, Wales. It forms part of the Glyderau group, and is one of the most recognisable peaks in Britain, having a classic pointed shape with rugged crags. At 917.5 metres (3,010 feet) above sea level, it is the fifteenth-highest mountain in Wales. Tryfan was voted Britain's favourite mountain by Trail magazine.

Between the mid-1980s and June 2010, its accepted height was 915 metres (3,002 ft). However, it was resurveyed using accurate GPS measurements and found to be 2.4 metres (eight feet) higher (which the pre-1980s surveys also recorded).

Tryfan is said to be the final resting-place of Sir Bedivere (Bedwyr) of Arthurian legend.