hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Danish Chemical Society
The Danish Chemical Society (Danish: Kemisk Forening) was founded in 1879. The nonprofit organization aims to advance the chemical sciences in Denmark.

By 1 November 2003, there were approximately 870 members. The revenue received from membership fees is the primary source of funding for the society's activities. The society consists of divisions including the Danish Society of Molecular Spectroscopy, the Danish Society of the History of Chemistry, the Danish Society of Environmental Chemistry, the Division of Organic Chemistry, the Division of Theoretical Chemistry, the Division of Inorganic Chemistry and the Danish Society of Analytical Chemistry.

The society has published articles in journals such as Acta Chemica Scandinavia and, since 2000, British journals including Dalton Transactions (Inorganic Chemistry) and Perkin Transactions (Organic Chemistry).

History of chemistry
The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Examples include the discovery of fire, extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass,
and making alloys like bronze.

The protoscience of chemistry, and alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations. However, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard Gibbs.
Janko Polić Kamov
Janko Polić Kamov (Croatian pronunciation: [jâːŋko pǒːlit͡ɕ kâmoʋ]; 17 November 1886 – 8 August 1910) was a Croatian novelist, playwright, writer, and poet. Although his oeuvre is small due to his short life, he is considered a significant writer in Croatian literature. Emblematic of the contemporary anger and displeasure over the hypocrisy and injustice of his time. His magnum opus is considered to be his modernist novel Isušena kaljuža ('A Dried Mire', 1906–1909), which contains the psychosexual and spiritual conflicts of the iconoclastic narrator, later described as a proto-existentialist. The novel, described as the premier Croatian avant-garde major work of prose, was printed for the first time in 1956, nearly forty-six years after Polić Kamov's death. Because of that, he earned a reputation as one of the greatest rebels and iconoclasts in the history of Croatian culture.

Party of Rights
The Party of Rights (Croatian: Stranka prava) was a Croatian nationalist political party in Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and later in Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and in the emigree.

It was founded in 1861 by Ante Starčević and Eugen Kvaternik, two influential nationalist politicians who advocated for the Croatian state right, a greater Croatian autonomy and later for the independence of the Kingdom of Croatia. Moderate and hardline nationalist factions existed during the period and after Starčević's death, the party would embrace anti-Serb, anti-Yugoslav and Republicanist leadership. In 1929, the party was dissolved after the proclamation of the 6 January Dictatorship and soon after, some members joined the underground organization Ustaše which was led by Ante Pavelić. After the dissolution of Yugoslavia, numerous Croatian and Bosnian Croat political parties claimed their lineage from the party itself.
Effect of taxes and subsidies on price
Taxes and subsidies change the price of goods and, as a result, the quantity consumed. There is a difference between an ad valorem tax and a specific tax or subsidy in the way it is applied to the price of the good. In the end, levying a tax moves the market to a new equilibrium where the price of a good paid by buyers increases and the proportion of the price received by sellers decreases.

The incidence of a tax does not depend on whether the buyers or sellers are taxed since taxes levied on sellers are likely to be met by raising the price charged to buyers. Most of the burden of a tax falls on the less elastic side of the market because of a lower ability to respond to the tax by changing the quantity sold or bought.

Introduction of a subsidy, on the other hand, may either lowers the price of production which encourages firms to produce more, or lowers the price paid by buyers, encouraging higher sales volume. Such a policy is beneficial both to sellers and buyers.

Per unit tax
A per unit tax, or specific tax, is a tax that is defined as a fixed amount for each unit of a good or service sold, such as cents per kilogram. It is thus proportional to the particular quantity of a product sold, regardless of its price. Excise taxes, for instance, fall into this tax category. By contrast, an ad valorem tax is a charge based on a fixed percentage of the product value. Per unit taxes have administrative advantages when it is easy to measure quantities of the product or service being sold.
St. John's Church, Plön
St. John's Church (German: Johanniskirche) in the north German town of Plön was built in 1685 as an independent parish church when Plön's new town, Neustadt, was developed by Duke John Adolphus.

The timber-framed hall church (Saalkirche), with its three-sided polygonal end, was altered in 1861 by the installation of new windows. Further changes were made in 1910, when the interior was changed to the style of Gothic Revival.

Northern Germany
Northern Germany (German: Norddeutschland, [ˈnɔʁtdɔɪ̯tʃlant] ⓘ) is a linguistic, geographic, socio-cultural and historic region in the northern part of Germany which includes the coastal states of Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lower Saxony and the two city-states Hamburg and Bremen. It contrasts with Southern Germany, Western Germany, and Eastern Germany.
Þórarinn Ingi Pétursson
Þórarinn Ingi Pétursson (born 22 August 1972) is an Icelandic politician from the Progressive Party. He is a member of the Icelandic Parliament in the Northeast Constituency. He was the first deputy of the Progressive Party in the Northeast Constituency after the 2017 Icelandic parliamentary election and served as a deputy several times, becoming the 9th MP for the constituency upon the death of Þórunn Egilsdóttir on 9 July 2021. He was then elected to the Parliament in the 2021 election. He was re-elected in 2024.

In Parliament he is chairman of the Agriculture Committee.

Þórarinn has been a sheep farmer since 1994, graduating as an agricultural engineer from Hólaskóli the same year. He was chairman of the National Sheep Farmers' Association 2012–2016.

2024 Icelandic parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 30 November 2024 to elect the 63 members of the Althing. The centre-left Social Democratic Alliance, led by Kristrún Frostadóttir, outperformed the ruling Independence Party to win the most seats, at 15. The election saw the worst performance by the Independence Party, Progressive Party, the Left-Green Movement, and the Pirate Party in each of the parties' histories, while Viðreisn, the People's Party, and the Centre Party saw their best performance in each of the parties' histories. This follows a trend of Icelanders voting against every post–2008 recession government except during the 2021 election.

The Left-Green Movement and the Pirate Party lost all of their parliamentary representation, with each failing to obtain a seat for the first time since their foundation in the 1999 and 2013 elections, respectively.
Steve Cross (footballer)
Stephen Charles Cross (born 22 December 1959) is a former professional footballer from Wolverhampton.

Cross began his career at Shrewsbury Town, following a written request for a trial. 
He made 262 appearances, scoring 33 goals for the club. After leaving Shrewsbury he played for Derby County and Bristol Rovers. Following the departure of Malcolm Allison as Bristol Rovers manager, Cross was appointed caretaker manager for three games, until the appointment of John Ward. Following this, Cross dropped down to play in non-league football for Mangotsfield United and Bath City.

Mangotsfield United F.C.
Mangotsfield United Football Club is a football club based in Mangotsfield, South Gloucestershire, England. They are currently members of the Hellenic League Premier Division and play at Cossham Street.
Daniel H. Coakley
Daniel Henry Coakley (December 10, 1865 – September 18, 1952) was an American Democratic politician and attorney from Massachusetts. He was a key figure in early 20th century Boston politics, as an ally to District Attorney Joseph C. Pelletier and as an on-again-off-again ally to Mayor James Michael Curley. As an attorney, Coakley took part in numerous badger game extortion schemes and was disbarred in 1922 for deceit, malpractice, and gross misconduct.

Coakley later was elected to the Massachusetts Governor's Council, where he secured a pardon for mobster Raymond L. S. Patriarca. He was impeached and removed from office in 1941 for using his position and influence to secure pardons in exchange for financial gain.

Badger game
The badger game is an extortion scheme or confidence trick in which the victims are tricked into compromising positions in order to make them vulnerable to blackmail. Its name is derived from the practice of badger-baiting.
2013 Caesar & Imperial Cup – Doubles
Chan Chin-wei and Caroline Garcia were the defending champions, having won the event in 2012, but Garcia decided not to participate. Chan partnered up with Hsu Wen-hsin but lost in the semifinals.

Lesley Kerkhove and Arantxa Rus won the title, defeating Chen Yi and Luksika Kumkhum in the final, 6–4, 2–6, [14–12].

Arantxa Rus
Arantxa Rus (Dutch pronunciation: [aːˈrɑɲtɕaː ˈrʏs]; born 13 December 1990) is a Dutch professional tennis player.
She won one WTA Tour singles title at the 2023 Hamburg Open and four in doubles.

Her biggest singles successes to date include a second-round upset over world No. 2, Kim Clijsters, at the 2011 French Open, reaching the fourth round at the 2012 French Open, and defeating world No. 5, Samantha Stosur, in the 2012 Wimbledon Championships to reach the third round.
The Man Who Quit Smoking
The Man Who Quit Smoking (Swedish: Mannen som slutade röka) is a 1972 Swedish comedy film directed by Tage Danielsson, starring Gösta Ekman, Grynet Molvig, Carl-Gustaf Lindstedt and Gunn Wållgren. The film is known as a Hasse & Tage film and is a great cult classic in Sweden.

Gunn Wållgren
Gunn Wållgren (born Gunnel Margaret Haraldsdotter Wållgren; [vɔlɡreːn]; (16 November 1913 – 4 June 1983) was a Swedish stage and film actress. She is best remembered for her role in Ingmar Bergman's film Fanny and Alexander.
Mary Troby
Mary Troby was an English silversmith.

Troby was the widow of silversmith John Troby. She registered her mark on 17 December 1804 and remained active until around 1808. Classed as a smallworker, she lived at 2 Ship Court, Old Bailey. With her husband she had three children including William Troby, also active as a silversmith.

A George III centerpiece by Troby, dating to 1808, is in the collection of the National Museum of Women in the Arts.

Largeworker
A largeworker was a form of silversmith in England from the 17th to the early 20th centuries who made items of a larger size such as dishes or candlesticks. When craftsmen registered their mark they would classify themselves as "goldworker", "smallworker", or "largeworker" according to their skill and specialism.
Chile–United States Free Trade Agreement
The United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement is a free trade agreement (FTA) between the United States and Chile signed on June 6, 2003. The pact came into force on January 1, 2004. On that date, tariffs on 90% of U.S. exports to Chile and 95% of Chilean exports to the United States were eliminated. The agreement also established that Chile and the U.S. will establish duty-free trade in all products within a maximum of 12 years (2016). In 2009, bilateral trade between the United States and Chile reached US$15.4 billion, a 141% increase over bilateral trade levels before the U.S.-Chile FTA took effect. In particular, U.S. exports to Chile in 2009 showed a 248% increase over pre-FTA levels.

Rules of origin
Rules of origin are the rules to attribute a country of origin to a product in order to determine its "economic nationality". The need to establish rules of origin stems from the fact that  the implementation of trade policy measures, such as tariffs, quotas, trade remedies, in various cases, depends on the country of origin of the product at hand. More stringent rules of origin requirements are associated with less trade.

Rules of origin have become a challenging topic in international trade, not only because they constitute a highly technical area of rule-making, but also because their designation and application have not been harmonized across the world. The lack of harmony is even more remarkable in the era of regionalism, when more and more free trade agreements (FTAs) are concluded, creating the spaghetti bowl effect.
Oxboro Library
Oxboro Library is a public library in Bloomington, Minnesota, United States. It serves the residents in the Bloomington and Richfield area. It is the second free standing library built in the city, replacing the former library that stood from 1962-1973.  It opened on December 16, 1974, then was renovated in 2003-04 and again in 2018-19. The library was designed by Kilstofte Associates Architects from Wayzata, Minnesota. The total cost to build the library was $770,000 in 1975.

Wayzata, Minnesota
Wayzata (/waɪˈzɛtə/ wy-ZET-ə) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 4,434 at the 2020 census. A suburb of the Twin Cities, Wayzata is located about 9 miles (14 km) west of Minneapolis along the northern shore of Lake Minnetonka, the state's ninth-largest lake.

Nicknamed "The Gateway to Lake Minnetonka," Wayzata is known for its upscale shopping and restaurant district along the lakeshore. Given its relative proximity to Minneapolis, the city is frequented by boaters, sailors, and visitors during the summer months.
Arkansas Public Service Commission
The Arkansas Public Service Commission (APSC) regulates the service and rates of those utilities subject to its jurisdiction in the State of Arkansas, United States. It was originally created by the Arkansas General Assembly on March 11, 1899, as the Arkansas Railroad Commission and was limited to regulating the railroads. Today the APSC regulates telephone service, natural gas lines, pipeline safety, and electricity.

Arkansas General Assembly
The General Assembly of Arkansas is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of the upper house Arkansas Senate with 35 members, and the lower Arkansas House of Representatives with 100 members. All 135 representatives and state senators represent an equal number of constituent districts.

The General Assembly convenes on the second Monday of every year. In odd-numbered years it may consider any bill or resolution; in even-numbered years it may only consider appropriations bills. A session lasts for 60 days unless the legislature votes to extend it. The governor of Arkansas can issue a "call" for a special session during the interims between regular sessions. The General Assembly meets at the Arkansas State Capitol in Little Rock.
Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza
Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza is a public park in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. Formed by the triangular junction of Trinity Place, Greenwich Street, and Edgar Street. It faces the Manhattan exit ramp from the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel. Formerly known as the Edgar Street Greenstreet, this park honors civic advocate Elizabeth H. Berger (1960–2013). In her role as president of the Downtown Alliance, she advocated for the fusion of two traffic triangles at this location into an expanded park. The park is located on the site of a former neighborhood known as Little Syria, a bustling immigrant community displaced by the construction of the tunnel in 1953.

Greenwich Street
Greenwich Street is a north–south street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It extends from the intersection of Ninth Avenue and Gansevoort Street in the Meatpacking District at its northernmost end to its southern end at Battery Park. Greenwich Street runs through the Meatpacking District, the West Village, Hudson Square, and Tribeca.

Main east–west streets crossed include, from north to south, Christopher Street, Houston Street, Canal Street, and Chambers Street. North of Canal Street, traffic travels northbound on Greenwich Street; south of Canal Street, it travels southbound.
Champ de Mars–Tour Eiffel station
Champ de Mars–Tour Eiffel (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃ də maʁs tuʁ ɛfɛl]) is a railway station on the RER C line of the Paris Region's express suburban rail system, the Réseau Express Régional (RER). It is in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, close to the Champ de Mars and Eiffel Tower, after which it is named.

The site has accommodated a total of five stations. The station was originally built to receive goods necessary for the construction of the pavilions for the Exposition Universelle of 1867, and for subsequent World's Fairs in 1878, 1889, 1900 and 1937. The location was chosen as it was then a large piece of land devoid of buildings, facing the Trocadéro and the École Militaire. It was built on the street corner of the Avenue de Suffren and the Quai Branly.

Trocadéro, Paris
The Trocadéro (pronounced [tʁɔkadeʁo] ⓘ), site of the Palais de Chaillot, is an area of Paris, France, in the 16th arrondissement, across the Seine from the Eiffel Tower. It is also the name of the 1878 Trocadéro Palace which was demolished in 1937 to make way for the Palais de Chaillot. The hill of the Trocadéro is the hill of Chaillot, a former village.
Myrtle Beach Bowl
The Myrtle Beach Bowl is an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football bowl game first played in December 2020 in the Myrtle Beach metropolitan area. Coastal Carolina University hosts the game at its Brooks Stadium in Conway, South Carolina, which has a capacity of 20,000 seats following an expansion project completed prior to the 2019 season.

Owned by ESPN Events, the bowl has tie-ins with Conference USA, the Mid-American Conference and the Sun Belt Conference. The affiliation contract with ESPN Events has each conference supplying a team four times in a six-year bowl cycle from 2020 to 2025.  The Myrtle Beach Bowl is one of three contemporary bowl games that have never released payout totals for the teams involved in the game (the Fenway Bowl and the LA Bowl are the others).

North Texas Mean Green football
The North Texas Mean Green football program is the intercollegiate team that represents the University of North Texas in the sport of American football. The Mean Green compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the American Conference. North Texas has produced 24 conference championship titles, with fifteen postseason bowl appearances and four appearances in the former I-AA (now Football Championship Series) Playoffs. The Mean Green play their home games at DATCU Stadium which has a seating capacity of 30,850.
Apistogramma borellii
Apistogramma borellii, common names umbrella cichlid, umbrella apisto and yellow dwarf cichlid, is a species of fish in the genus Apistogramma.

It is a South American dwarf cichlid, found in the Paraguay River and Paraná River. They are found further south than most other members of the genus and can thus tolerate cooler temperatures. The umbrella cichlid eats insects and crustaceans. The specific name honours the zoologist Alfredo Borelli (1858–1943), who collected the type.

Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.
Doliones
In Greek mythology, the Doliones (Ancient Greek: Δολίονες) or Dolionians were the people living on the coast of the Propontis (northwestern Asia Minor), visited by the Argonauts. They were ruled by Cyzicus, son of Aeneus and Aenete.

Sea of Marmara
The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora, the Marmara Sea or Propontis /prəˈpɒntɪs/ (ancient Greek: Προποντίς /pro.ponˈdis/), is a small inland sea entirely within the borders of Turkey. It links the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, separating Turkey's European and Asian sides. It has an area of 11,350 km2 (4,380 sq mi), and its dimensions are 280 km × 80 km (174 mi × 50 mi). Its greatest depth is 1,370 m (4,490 ft).
Princess Royal Fortress
Princess Royal Fortress, also known  as Albany Forts, was a fortress on the northern shore of Atatürk entrance on Princess Royal Harbour on Mount Adelaide overlooking King George Sound in Albany, Western Australia. It now operates as a museum.

Engineers Australia
Engineers Australia (EA), known formally as the Institution of Engineers, Australia, is an Australian professional body and not-for-profit organisation whose purpose is to advance the science and practice of engineering for the benefit of the community. Engineers Australia is Australia's recognised organisation for accreditation of professional engineering qualifications under the Washington Accord. As of 2022, EA has 115,000 members, which includes 31,000 students.
Juan III
Juan III is the name of:

John of Aragon (patriarch) (1304–1334), archbishop of Toledo under the name Juan III

Infante Juan, Count of Montizón (1822–1887)

Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona (1913–1993), third surviving son and designated heir of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg.

Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona
Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona (Juan Carlos Teresa Silverio Alfonso de Borbón y Battenberg; 20 June 1913 – 1 April 1993), was a claimant to the Spanish throne as Juan III. He was the third son and designated heir of King Alfonso XIII and Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg. His father was replaced by the Second Spanish Republic in 1931. Juan's son Juan Carlos I became King of Spain when Spain's constitutional monarchy was restored in 1975.