hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yadong County
Yadong County (Chinese: 亚东县; pinyin: Yàdōng xiàn), 
also known by its Tibetan name Dromo/Tromo County (Tibetan: གྲོ་མོ་རྫོང, Wylie: gro mo rdzong, THL: dro mo dzong, ZWPY: Chomo Zong) 
is a frontier county and trade-market of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, part of its Shigatse Prefecture.

Yadong County is coextensive with the Chumbi valley that extends south into the Himalayas between Sikkim and Bhutan. It shares boundaries with both India and Bhutan. It covers about 4,306 square kilometers with a population of 10,000.  Its headquarters is Yatung (also called Shasima).

THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription
The THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan (or THL Phonetic Transcription for short) is a system for the phonetic rendering of the Tibetan language.

It was created by David Germano and Nicolas Tournadre and was published on 12 December 2003. It is essentially a simplified form of the Tournadre Phonetic System, which is used by Tournadre in his Tibetan-language textbooks.

THL (formerly THDL) stands for the "Tibetan and Himalayan Library" project, which is hosted at the University of Virginia.
Stanley Redwood
Reverend Stanley St John Redwood (born 3 March 1965)  is a Jamaican minister and former politician from the People's National Party. He was the 10th President of the Senate of Jamaica, serving from 18 January 2012 to 10 May 2013.

A former Moravian minister and the founder of the New Holland Church, Redwood served in leadership positions within several universities before entering politics. After unsuccessful bids for a seat in the Jamaican House of Representatives in 2002 and 2007, he was appointed to the Senate after the 2011 general election. Redwood's decision to resign from the Senate and emigrate to Canada with his family in May 2013 was controversial, although Redwood promised to return to Jamaica after settling his family abroad.

Saint Elizabeth Parish
Saint Elizabeth (Jamaican Patois: Sint Elizabet) is one of Jamaica's largest parishes. It is located in the southwest of the island, in the county of Cornwall. Its capital, Black River, is located at the mouth of the Black River, the widest on the island.
The Death of Empedocles (film)
The Death of Empedocles (German: Der Tod des Empedokles) is a 1987 West German drama film directed by Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub. It was entered into the 37th Berlin International Film Festival.

37th Berlin International Film Festival
The 37th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 20 February to 3 March 1987. The Golden Bear was awarded to the Soviet film Tema, directed by Gleb Panfilov.

The retrospective was in honour of Armenian-American film and theatre director Rouben Mamoulian. The homage was dedicated to French couple Jean-Louis Barrault, actor and director, and Madeleine Renaud, actress. It was titled Renaud-Barrault au cinéma.
Murtas
Murtas is a municipality located in the province of Granada, Spain. Spanning an area of 71.7 km2, according to the 2016 census (INE), the city has a population of 495 inhabitants. In 2005 the population was recorded as 741.

Province of Granada
The Province of Granada (Spanish: Provincia de Granada) is a province in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Albacete, Murcia, Almería, Jaén, Córdoba, Málaga, and the Mediterranean Sea (along the Costa Tropical). Its capital city is Granada.

The province has an area of 12,645.41 km2 (4,882.42 sq mi) and a population is 939,741 across its 170 municipalities.

There are certain conception about the autonomous community of Granada being separate from Andalusia. The new autonomous community would consist of the provinces of Granada, Almería and Málaga. The conception has not yet found a response.
Williamstown Racecourse railway station
Williamstown Racecourse is a demolished station on the former Altona railway line, now part of the Werribee railway line in Melbourne, Australia. It was located in the suburb of Altona, immediately south of the Kororoit Creek Road level crossing and north of Kororoit Creek.

Altona, Victoria
Altona is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 13 km (8.1 mi) south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Hobsons Bay local government area. Altona recorded a population of 11,490 at the 2021 census.

Altona is a large suburb consisting of low density residential in the south-eastern half and mixed industry in the north-western half. A feature of the suburb is Altona Beach, which is one of only two swimming beaches in the western suburbs (the other being Williamstown Beach).

Altona takes its name from the then-independent German city of Altona which is today a borough of Hamburg.
Chris Conroy
Christopher Patrick Conroy (born July 22, 1974) is an American Major League Baseball (MLB) umpire.  He made his MLB debut on September 29, 2010. His uniform number is 98.  Conroy was officially added to the full-time staff of MLB umpires on June 14, 2013, replacing Brian Runge. He was promoted to crew chief in 2023.

Umpire (baseball)
In baseball, the umpire is the person charged with officiating the game, including beginning and ending the game, enforcing the rules of the game and the grounds, making judgment calls on plays, and handling disciplinary actions. The term is often shortened to the colloquial form ump. They are also sometimes nicknamed blue due to the traditional color of the uniform worn by umpires. Although games were often officiated by a sole umpire in the formative years of the sport, since the turn of the 20th century, officiating has been commonly divided among several umpires, who form the umpiring crew.  The position is analogous to that of a referee in many other sports.
1988 in American television
In 1988, television in the United States saw a number of significant events, including the debuts, finales, and cancellations of television shows; the launch, closure, and rebranding of channels; changes and additions to network affiliations by stations; controversies, business transactions, and carriage disputes; and the deaths of individuals who had made notable contributions to the medium.

Carriage dispute
A carriage dispute is a disagreement over the right to "carry", that is, retransmit, a broadcaster's signal. Carriage disputes first occurred between broadcasters and cable companies and now include direct broadcast satellite and other multichannel video programming distributors.

These disputes often involve financial compensation – what the distributor pays the television station or network for the right to carry the signal – as well as what channels the distributor is permitted or required to retransmit and how the distributor offers those channels to its subscribers. While most carriage disputes are resolved without controversy or notice, others have involved programming blackouts, both threatened and real, as well as strident public relations campaigns. Carriage disputes have occurred both in the United States and internationally.  Cord-cutting has lessened the impact as more people move from traditional distributors to streaming media services.
Thawiphop
Thawiphop (Thai: ทวิภพ, lit. 'Two Worlds') is a 1986 Thai historical romance novel written by Thommayanti. It tells the story of Maneechan, a contemporary woman who is transported back in time via a magical mirror to the late 19th century, during the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). There she falls in love with a young nobleman, and ultimately ends up helping defend the country against the threat of colonisation by the French and the British.

The novel has become widely popular, and has been adapted into multiple television series, films and musicals. It has been cited by scholars as a prominent example of nationalist thought in mainstream Thai literature.

Historical romance
Historical romance is a broad category of mass-market fiction focusing on romantic relationships in historical periods, which Byron helped popularize in the early 19th century. The genre often takes the form of the novel.
Mario Salmi
Mario Salmi (San Giovanni Valdarno, 14 June 1889 – Rome, 16 November 1980) was an Italian art historian and art critic who specialized in Romanesque architecture, Tuscan sculpture and the early Italian Renaissance.

Art critic
An art critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating art. Their written critiques or reviews contribute to art criticism and they are published in newspapers, magazines, books, exhibition brochures, and catalogues and on websites. Some of today's art critics use art blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate.
Brandon Stanton
Brandon Stanton (born March 1, 1984) is an American author, photographer, and blogger. He is the author of Humans of New York (HONY), a photoblog and book. He was named to Time magazine's "30 Under 30 People Changing the World" list.

Since 2010, Stanton has taken hundreds of portraits of people living and working primarily in New York City, accompanied by bits of conversations about their lives. He has also traveled outside of the United States, capturing people and their lives in more than 20 countries, including Iran, Iraq, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ukraine, Vietnam, and Mexico.

Portrait photography
Portrait photography, or portraiture, is a type of photography aimed toward capturing the personality of a person or group of people by using effective lighting, backdrops, and poses. A portrait photograph may be artistic or clinical. Frequently, portraits are commissioned for special occasions, such as weddings, school events, or commercial purposes. Portraits can serve many purposes, ranging from usage on a personal web site to display in the lobby of a business.
Hemimyzon yushanensis
Hemimyzon yushanensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Hemimyzon.

H. yushanensis was identified in 2022, and can be differentiated from H. formosanus by the shape and number of its fins. Viewed laterally, H. yushanensis has an olive-brown body with whitish spots. The head and predorsal region can range from olive-brown to dark brown, and features creamy yellow spots. Ventrally, H. yushanensis is pale white. Its dorsal fin is pale white, with deep brown rays and rows of creamy white spots. The anal fin is similarly colored, but is not spotted. The caudal fin features a broad black outer margin and 3–4 oblique, zigzag creamy white streaks.

H. yushanensis specimens were collected from the hill streams of the Gaoping River basin, in both Kaohsiung City and Pingtung County, as well as the southern region of the Yushan National Park. The species was named for the Yushan Range, the main drainages of the Gaoping River.

Yushan Range
The Yushan Range, formerly the Niitaka Range and also known as the Jade Mountain Range, is a mountain range in the central-southern region of Taiwan Island. It spans Chiayi County, Kaohsiung City, and Nantou County. It faces the Central Mountain Range on the east, and is separated by the Qishan River from the Alishan Range which is on the west of the Yushan Range. The Yushan Range is one of the five major ranges on Taiwan.

The Yushan Range is shaped somewhat like a crucifix, with a relatively short east to west ridge and a relatively long north to south ridge. Mighty Yushan, towering 3,952 m (12,966 ft) above sea level, stands at the point where these two ridges meet. Yushan National Park is located around some parts of the Yushan Range.
Limulus clotting factor B
Limulus clotting factor B (EC 3.4.21.85) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:

Selective cleavage of -Arg98-Ile99- bond in limulus proclotting enzyme to form active clotting enzyme

This enzyme is present in the hemocyte granules of the horseshoe crabs Limulus and Tachypleus. In the immunity-related clotting pathways of these organisms, factor B is downstream of Limulus clotting factor C, but upstream of Limulus clotting enzyme.

Blood cell
A blood cell (also called a hemocyte or hematocyte) is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood. Major types of blood cells include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Together, these three kinds of blood cells add up to a total 45% of the blood tissue by volume, with the remaining 55% of the volume composed of plasma, the liquid component of blood.

Blood cells with differentiation potential are called hematopoietic cells; the ones with the most such potential are hematopoietic stem cells.
Unkulunkulu
Unkulunkulu (/uɲɠulun'ɠulu/), often formatted as uNkulunkulu or uMkhulu Omkhulu, is a mythical ancestor, mythical predecessor group, or Supreme Creator in the language of the Zulu, Ndebele, and Swati people. Originally a "first ancestor" figure, Unkulunkulu morphed into a creator-god figure with the spread of Christianity.

Zulu language
Zulu (/ˈzuːluː/ ZOO-loo), or isiZulu as an endonym, is a Southern Bantu language of the Nguni branch spoken in, and indigenous to, Southern Africa with about 13.56 million native speakers, who primarily inhabit the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The word "KwaZulu-Natal" translates into English as "Home of the Zulu Nation is Natal". Zulu is the most widely spoken home language in South Africa (24% of the population), and it is understood by over 50% of its population. It became one of South Africa's 12 official languages in 1994.

According to Ethnologue, it is the second-most widely spoken of the Bantu languages, after Swahili. Like many other Bantu languages, it is written with the Latin alphabet.

In South African English, the language is often referred to in its native form, isiZulu.
Coleophora subapicis
Coleophora subapicis is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in the United States, including Kentucky.

The larvae feed on the seeds of Aster infirmus. They create a trivalved, tubular silken case.

Coleophoridae
The Coleophoridae are a family of small moths, belonging to the huge superfamily Gelechioidea. Collectively known as case-bearers, casebearing moths or case moths, this family is represented on all continents, but the majority are found in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. They are most common in the Palearctic, and rare in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Australia; consequently, they probably originated (like most or all other Gelechioidea families) in northern Eurasia. They are relatively common in houses, they seek out moist areas to rest and procreate.
Inaindha Kaigal
Inaindha Kaigal (transl. Conjoined Hands) is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by N. K. Viswanathan. It stars Ramki, Arun Pandian, Nirosha and Sindhu, with Nassar, Senthil, Srividya, Murali Kumar and Prabhakaran playing supporting roles. The film, produced by Aabavanan who also wrote the story and lyrics, was released on 2 August 1990.

N. K. Viswanathan
N. K. Viswanathan (died 25 March 2017) was an Indian film director and cinematographer who has worked on Tamil films. After beginning his career working as a cinematographer for Tamil films during the 1980s, he branched into film direction and made commercially successful films during the 1990s.
TV Centre (Russia)
TV Centre (Russian: ТВ Центр, romanized: TV Tsentr; formerly abbreviated as ТВЦTVC or ТВЦ-Москва, TVC-Moskva - "TVC Moscow") is a Russian public television station with the Fifth largest coverage area in Russia, after 5TV, Channel One, Russia-1 and NTV.  It is owned by the administration of the city of Moscow and is dedicated to programming that highlights various aspects of Moscow life. The channel airs across Russian territory.

The channel began broadcasting on June 9, 1997. Yulia Bystritskaya has been the channel's general director since October 29, 2012.

As of 2020, TV Centre was among the top ten TV channels in Russia. The channel had an average daily audience share of 361 000 viewers.

On June 3, 2022, the international version of TV Centre was disconnected from broadcasting in the European Union due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Director general
A director general, general director or director-general (plural: directors general, general directors, directors-general, director generals or director-generals) is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution. The term is commonly used in many countries worldwide, but with various meanings.
El Teb
El Teb, a halting-place in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan near Suakin on the west coast of the Red Sea, 9 m. southwest of the port of Trinkitat on the road to Tokar.

In mid-December 1883, the British Prime Minister  William Gladstone ordered an evacuation of the Anglo-Egyptian forces in Sudan following a ferocious revolt of Mahdists,  led by Muhammad Ahmad, against the British protectorate Egypt.

At El Teb, on 4 February 1884, a heterogeneous force under General Valentine Baker, marching to the relief of the Egyptian garrison of Tokar, was completely routed by the Mahdists, led by Osman Digna.

The British response was to send forces under the command of Major-General Sir Gerald Graham V.C. from Egypt to Suakin. Graham's forces fought powerfully and defeated the Mahdists on 29 February 1884.

Osman Digna
Osman Digna (Arabic: عثمان دقنة) (c. 1840–1926) was a follower of Muhammad Ahmad, the self-proclaimed Mahdi, in Sudan, who became his best known military commander during the Mahdist War. He was claimed to be a descendant from the Abbasid family. As the Mahdi's ablest general, he played an important role in the fate of General Charles George Gordon and the end of Turkish-Egyptian rule in Sudan.

In Britain, Osman Digna became a notorious figure, both demonised as a savage and respected as a warrior. Winston Churchill described him as an "astute" and "prudent" man, calling him "the celebrated, and perhaps immortal, Osman Digna."
Ron Cutler (bishop)
Christianity portal

Ronald Wayne "Ron" Cutler is a Canadian Anglican bishop. He became Bishop of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island in 2014 and was elected Metropolitan of Canada in 2017.

Cutler was born in Montreal and educated at McGill University.

He was ordained in 1981 and served at Twillingate, Smith's Sound, Sydney Mines, Baddeck and Lower Sackville. He became a suffragan bishop in 2008 and was elected as the Diocesan on 22 November 2013. He was installed as the Bishop of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island on 5 May 2014. In 2017, he was elected Metropolitan of the Ecclesiastical Province of Canada, which encompasses southern and eastern Quebec, the Maritimes, and Newfoundland and Labrador.

On January 9, 2020, Cutler announced his retirement from both positions effective July 31.

Sydney Mines
Sydney Mines is a community and former town in Cape Breton Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Founded in 1784, and incorporated as a town in 1889, Sydney Mines has a rich history in coal production although mining activity has now ceased. Prior to a permanent settlement being established, there was significant activity along the shore. Upon the success of coal mining operations, the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company constructed a steel plant in Sydney Mines in 1902. The plant, alongside the steel plant in Sydney owned by the Dominion Iron and Steel Company combined to produce more than 50% of Canada's steel during World War I. The plant was later sold to the British Empire Steel Corporation and ceased operations years later.
Gamkrelidze
Gamkrelidze is a Georgian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Gamkrelidze, Georgian politician

Revaz Gamkrelidze (1927–2025), Georgian mathematician

Tamaz Gamkrelidze, Georgian linguist and orientalist

Vladimeri Gamkrelidze, Georgian wrestler

David Gamkrelidze
David Gamkrelidze or Davit Gamqrelidze (Georgian: დავით გამყრელიძე; born April 2, 1964, in Tbilisi) is a Georgian politician, leader of the New Rights Party of Georgia, Member of Parliament since 1999, member of committee for defense and security, and Chairman of the Centre-Right Opposition Group in the Parliament of Georgia. He also contested the 2008 Georgian presidential election and came fourth with the 4.02% of the votes cast.
Malechkino
Malechkino (Russian: Малечкино) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Malechkinskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 2,200 as of 2002. There are 10 streets.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Greg Allen (footballer)
Gregory Frank Allen (born 18 October 1967) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder in the Football League for Arsenal and Cambridge United, and in non-League football for Dagenham, Billericay Town and Dagenham & Redbridge.

Dagenham F.C.
Dagenham Football Club was an English football club based in Dagenham. Established in 1949, the club played at Victoria Road from 1955 until its merger with Redbridge Forest in 1992 to form Dagenham & Redbridge.
Resurrectionists (Catholic)
The Resurrectionists, officially named the Congregation of the Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ (Latin: Congregatio a Resurrectione Domini Nostri Jesu Christi; abbreviated CR), is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men. It was founded in 1836 by three men: Bogdan Jański, Peter Semenenko and Hieronim Kajsiewicz on the heels of the Polish Great Emigration.

Religious congregation
A religious congregation is a type of religious institute in the Catholic Church. They are legally distinguished from religious orders – the other major type of religious institute – in that members take simple vows, whereas members of religious orders take solemn vows.
Márcio Tarrafa
João Márcio Arraes da Silva known as Márcio Tarrafa (born 13 April 1985) is a footballer.

Márcio Tarrafa previously played for Boavista F.C. in the Portuguese Primeira Liga. He also played for Sousa Esporte Clube in the Copa do Brasil.

Sousa Esporte Clube
Sousa Esporte Clube, commonly known as Sousa, is a Brazilian football team based in Sousa, Paraíba state. They competed in the Série C and in the Copa do Brasil three times.

Sousa is currently ranked fourth among Paraíba teams in CBF's national club ranking, at 143rd place overall.
Castle in the Air (play)
Castle in the Air is a comedy play by the British writer Alan Melville, which was originally performed in 1949.

It premiered at the Coventry Hippodrome on 20 September 1949 before transferring to London's West End where it ran for 292 performances between 7 December 1949 and 17 August 1950, initially at the Adelphi Theatre before moving to the Savoy. The original London cast featured Jack Buchanan, William Kendall, Ewan Roberts, Coral Browne and Irene Manning. It was directed by Roy Rich.

In 1952 it was adapted into a British film of the same title directed by Henry Cass and starring David Tomlinson, Helen Cherry and Margaret Rutherford.

David Tomlinson
David Cecil MacAlister Tomlinson (7 May 1917 – 24 June 2000) was an English stage, film and television actor, singer and comedian. Having been described as both a leading man and a character actor, he is primarily remembered for his roles with The Walt Disney Company as the patriarch father George Banks in Mary Poppins, hapless antagonist Peter Thorndyke in The Love Bug and the friendly con man Professor Emelius Browne in Bedknobs and Broomsticks. Tomlinson was posthumously inducted as a Disney Legend in 2002.