hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Satala (298)
The Battle of Satala was fought in 298, in Armenia, between the forces of the Roman Empire under the Tetrarch Galerius and the forces of the Sasanian Empire of Persia led by Shah Narseh (Narses). The battle was an overwhelming victory for the Roman army, with the Persian army destroyed as a fighting force. The Romans obtained an enormous amount of plunder from the defeated Persians, and captured Narseh's principal wife. The campaign concluded with a very favourable peace treaty for Rome, with Persia ceding considerable territory.

Ammianus Marcellinus
Ammianus Marcellinus, occasionally anglicized as Ammian (Greek: Αμμιανός Μαρκελλίνος; born c. 330, died c. 391 – 400), was a Greek and Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from antiquity (preceding Procopius). Written in Latin and known as the Res gestae, his work chronicled the history of Rome from the accession of Emperor Nerva in 96 to the death of Valens at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Only the sections covering the period 353 to 378 survive.
Chamberlain war ministry
Neville Chamberlain formed the Chamberlain war ministry in 1939 after declaring war on Germany. Chamberlain led the country for the first eight months of the Second World War, until the Norway Debate in Parliament led Chamberlain to resign and Winston Churchill to form a new ministry.

Secretary of State for Air
The Secretary of State for Air was a secretary of state position in the British government that existed from 1919 to 1964. The person holding this position was in charge of the Air Ministry. The Secretary of State for Air was supported by the Under-Secretary of State for Air.
Avanti (region)
Avanti was an ancient Indian Mahajanapada (Great Janapada), roughly corresponding to the present-day Malwa region. According to the Buddhist texts, the Anguttara Nikaya, Avanti was one of the solasa mahajanapadas (sixteen great realms) of the 6th century BCE. The janapada was divided into two parts by the Vindhyas, the northern part had its capital at Ujjayini and the southern part had its centre at Mahishmati.

The Avantis, the ancient people belonging to this realm, were described as mahavala (very powerful) in the Udyoga Parva (19.24) of the Mahabharata. According to the Vishnu Purana (II.3), the Bhagavata Purana (XII.I.36) and the Brahma Purana (XIX.17), the Avantis were associated with the Malava, the Saurashtras, the Abhiras/Yadavas, the Suras, the Karushas and the Arbudas and were described as dwelling along the Pariyatra (or Paripatra) mountains (a western branch of the Vindhyas).

Abhira people
The Abhira people (Devanagari: आभीर) were a legendary people mentioned in ancient Indian epics and scriptures. A historical people of the same name are mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The Mahabharata describes them as living near the seashore and on the bank of the Sarasvati River, near Somnath in Gujarat and in the Matsya region also.
Sharing economy
The sharing economy is a socio-economic system whereby consumers share in the creation, production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods, and services. These systems take a variety of forms, often leveraging information technology and the Internet, particularly digital platforms, to facilitate the distribution, sharing and reuse of excess capacity in goods and services.

It can be facilitated by nonprofit organizations, usually based on the concept of book-lending libraries, in which goods and services are provided for free (or sometimes for a modest subscription) or by commercial entities, in which a company provides a service to customers for profit.

It relies on the will of the users to share and the overcoming of stranger danger.

It provides benefits, for example can lower the GHG emissions of products by 77%-85%.

Stranger danger
Stranger danger is the idea or warning that all strangers can potentially be dangerous. The phrase is intended to encapsulate the danger associated with adults whom children do not know. The phrase has found widespread usage and many children will hear it during their childhood. Many books, films and public service announcements have been devoted to helping children remember this advice.

Although there are other dangers such as kidnapping for ransom, the main threat with which stranger danger campaigns are concerned is child sexual abuse. Portrayals in the news media have tended to reinforce public fears of strangers as potential pedophiles, despite sexual abuse of children being more likely to occur in families. In the early 2000s the emphasis of such campaigns shifted somewhat, to reflect the risk of abuse by persons known to the child.
Old White Bear
The Old White Bear is a pub at 1 Well Road, Hampstead, in the London Borough of Camden on the corner with New End Square.

It dates back to 1704, but closed on 2 February 2014, as the property developer Braaid Ventures Ltd tried to obtain a change of use application to turn it into a six-bedroom luxury house. Camden Council rejected this, and it was set to reopen as a pub eight months later, following community protests and a petition signed by 4,000 people and supported by the actors Ricky Gervais and Peter Egan. The pub reopened on 15 December 2021.

Peter Egan
Peter Joseph Egan (born 28 September 1946) is a British actor and activist. He is known for television roles including Hogarth in Big Breadwinner Hog (1969), the future King George IV in Prince Regent (1979); Paul Ryman in the sitcom Ever Decreasing Circles (1984–89); Hugh "Shrimpie" MacClare, Marquess of Flintshire, in Downton Abbey (2012–15); and Martin Hughes in Unforgotten (2015–2021).
Vernon A. Forbes
Vernon A. Forbes (October 17, 1883 – July 7, 1918) was an American attorney and state legislator from the state of Oregon. After graduation from law school in Minnesota, he moved to central Oregon and opened a law office in the city of Bend. Forbes was a Republican who served three two-year terms in the Oregon House of Representatives, representing Crook, Deschutes, Grant, Jefferson, Klamath, and Lake counties. He drowned during a fishing trip near the end of his third term in the legislature.

Lake County, Oregon
Lake County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,160. Its county seat is Lakeview. The county is named after the many lakes found within its boundaries, including Lake Abert, Summer Lake, Hart Lake, and Goose Lake.

Lake County is in the high desert region known as the Oregon Outback, on the northwestern edge of the Great Basin. The county is generally divided between the communities around Lakeview and Paisley to the south and the communities around Christmas Valley, Fort Rock, and Silver Lake to the north.

Its economy consists largely of agriculture and natural resource management and extraction. It is home to many large cattle ranches, hay farms, and timber holdings (both public and private), as well as several frontier towns and early 20th-century homesteads. Although lumber was once a primary economic driver in Lake County, today only one mill remains, at Lakeview.
Norwegian Law (Israel)
The Norwegian Law (Hebrew: החוק הנורווגי), initially Mini-Norwegian Law (Hebrew: החוק הנורווגי הקטן) for its first version, is a name given to an amendment to Article 42c of the Basic Law: The Knesset. The law allows ministers or deputy ministers to resign from the Knesset, and upon resigning their ministerial post, return to the Knesset. Upon their resignation from the Knesset, the next member on the party's list enters the Knesset, and upon their return of the Knesset, the member with the lowest order on the party's list leaves the Knesset. The legislation became known as the "Norwegian Law", due to a similar provision in Article 62 of the Constitution of Norway, requiring a member of the Storting to resign their seat and be replaced by a deputy. This system of dualism, separating the cabinet and the legislature, also exists in Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Portugal, Estonia, and other countries.

Constitution of Norway
The Constitution of Norway (complete name: The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway; Danish: Kongeriget Norges Grundlov; Norwegian Bokmål: Kongeriket Norges Grunnlov; Norwegian Nynorsk: Kongeriket Noregs Grunnlov) was adopted on 16 May and signed on 17 May 1814 by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll. The latter date is the National Day of Norway; it marks the establishment of the constitution.

It is the fourth oldest written single-document national constitution in Europe after the Constitution of Poland, the French constitution of 1791, and the Spanish Constitution of 1812. The document is also the second oldest working national constitution in the world, after the Constitution of the United States. In May 2014, the Storting passed the most substantial changes since 1814, particularly by including paragraphs on human rights.
Vesyolaya Polyana, Kursk Oblast
Vesyolaya Polyana (Russian: Весёлая Поляна) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Vyshnederevensky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  16 (2010 Census); 22 (2002 Census);

Lgovsky District
Lgovsky District (Russian: Льго́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central eastern part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,080 square kilometers (420 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Lgov (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 11,942 (2021 Census); 14,451 (2010 Census);  19,313 (2002 Census); 23,866 (1989 Soviet census).
Robertson Buttress
Robertson Buttress (79°51′S 158°17′E﻿ / ﻿79.850°S 158.283°E﻿ / -79.850; 158.283) is the westernmost (1040 m) in a series of large rock buttresses on the south side of Darwin Glacier between Alley Glacier and Gaussiran Glacier. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after William Gray Robertson, Jr. of ASA, a specialist in the design and installation of communication systems for United States Antarctic Program (USAP) in the McMurdo Sound and McMurdo Dry Valleys areas from 1990 to 2000.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Robertson Buttress". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

United States Antarctic Program
The United States Antarctic Program (or USAP; formerly known as the United States Antarctic Research Program or USARP and the United States Antarctic Service or USAS) is an organization of the United States government which has a presence in the Antarctica continent. Founded in 1959, the USAP manages all U.S. scientific research and related logistics in Antarctica as well as aboard ships in the Southern Ocean.
Desirée de Fez
Desirée de Fez (born 1977) is a Spanish film critic, programmer, writer and journalist primarily focused on horror fiction and fantasy. She has long collaborated as a consultant with the Sitges Film Festival.

Sitges Film Festival
SITGES - International Fantastic Film Festival of Catalonia (Catalan: Festival Internacional de Cinema Fantàstic de Catalunya) is an annual film festival held in Sitges, Catalonia, Spain. It specializes in fantasy, horror and cult films. Established in 1968, the festival takes place every year, usually in early October, and is considered to be one of the world's top 3 largest and most prestigious genre film festivals, alongside Fantasia and Fantastic Fest.
B Division (New York City Subway)
The New York City Subway's B Division consists of the lines that operate with lettered services (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, J, L, M, N, Q, R, W, and Z),  as well as the Franklin Avenue and Rockaway Park Shuttles. These lines and services were operated by the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) and city-owned Independent Subway System (IND) before the 1940 city takeover of the BMT. B Division rolling stock is wider, longer, and heavier than those of the A Division, measuring 10 or 9.75 ft (3.05 or 2.97 m)  by 60 or 75 ft (18.29 or 22.86 m).

The B Division is broken down into two subdivisions, B1 (BMT) and B2 (IND), for chaining purposes. The two former systems are still sometimes referred to as the BMT Division and IND Division.

K (Eighth Avenue Local)
The K Eighth Avenue Local, earlier the AA, was a rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. Its route bullet was colored blue on station signs, car rollsigns, and the official subway map since it ran on the IND Eighth Avenue Line.

The K operated during midday, evenings, and weekends, making local stops between 168th Street in Washington Heights, Manhattan and World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan via Central Park West and Eighth Avenue in Manhattan. During late night hours, the A express made local stops on the IND Eighth Avenue Line. During rush hours, the C, formerly the CC, ran between Bedford Park Boulevard and Euclid Avenue, replacing the K as the local on Eighth Avenue. It was discontinued in 1988 as part of a series of major service changes.
Fabliau
A fabliau (French pronunciation: [fabljo]; plural fabliaux) is a comic, often anonymous tale written by jongleurs and clerics in France between c. 1150 and 1400. They are generally characterized by sexual and scatological obscenity, and by a set of contrary attitudes generally critical or mocking of the church and nobility. While most fabliaux were anonymous, we do know some authors like Jean Bodel or Guèrin, who wrote during the peak of the genre's popularity. Several of them were reworked by Giovanni Boccaccio for the Decameron and by Geoffrey Chaucer for The Canterbury Tales. Some 150 French fabliaux are extant, the number depending on how narrowly fabliau is defined. According to R. Howard Bloch, fabliaux are the first expression of literary realism in Europe.

Some nineteenth-century scholars, most notably Gaston Paris, argue that fabliaux originally came from the Orient and were brought to the West by returning crusaders.

Gaston Paris
Bruno Paulin Gaston Paris (French pronunciation: [ɡastɔ̃ paʁis]; 9 August 1839 – 5 March 1903) was a French literary historian, philologist, and scholar specialized in Romance studies and medieval French literature. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901, 1902, and 1903.
Evans House (Salem, Virginia)
Evans House is a historic home located at Salem, Virginia. It was built in 1882, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, L-shaped, French Empire style brick dwelling. It features two concavely cut intersecting mansard roofs which are pierced by two paneled interior chimneys with corbeled caps.  The front facade is symmetrically divided by a two-story projecting central pavilion supported by a bracketed cornice and topped with a convexly rendered mansard roof.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.
2012–13 Kuwait Crown Prince Cup
The 2012–13 Kuwait Crown Prince Cup is a cup competition involving teams from the Kuwaiti Premier League and the Kuwaiti Division One league. The competition has continued to be played in the beginning of the season but has reverted to a knockout tournament played over two legs. The previous edition was played in a group staged round robin format.

Al Arabi are the defending champions and enter at the second round stage (quarter-finals) along with league winners Al Qadsia.

Kuwaiti Division One
The Kuwaiti Division One  (Arabic: دوري الدرجة الأولى الكويتي) is a second-tier professional Kuwaiti football league.  Winners of the league are promoted to the Kuwait Premier League.  Kuwaiti Division One was introduced for the 2006–07 season, when the bottom 6 clubs in the Premier League were relegated to Division One.

On 25 April 2016 it was stated that the Division One league would return for 2017–18 due to Kuwait Football Association being banned by FIFA therefore not allowing the tournament to return until reinstatement by FIFA.
Reche Summit
Reche Summit, at an elevation of 3,017 feet (945 meters), the tallest peak of the range of mountains trending northwest to southeast south of Reche Canyon, in Riverside County, California.  These include Blue Mountain to its northwest and to the southeast, Olive Summit and the Kalmia Hills. It has an isolation of 10.86 mi (17.47 km).

Reche Canyon
Reche Canyon (/ˈrɛtʃiː/ REH-chee))
(historically known as Homhoa Canyon, Homoa Canyon, and Homuba Canyon) is a canyon in the far northwestern foothills of the San Jacinto Mountains, northwest of The Badlands in the Inland Empire region of Southern California. The Tongva village of Homhoangna, from which the canyon's alternative names derives, was located here. The county line between San Bernardino County and Riverside County is at the approximate midway point of the canyon; the San Bernardino half to the north is mostly within the boundaries of Colton, with a small area in Loma Linda, while the southern half is unincorporated territory of Riverside County. Reche Canyon Elementary School is located in the northern part of the canyon.
Charles Ruas
Charles Ruas is an American teacher, writer, translator, literary and art critic, and interviewer for print and broadcast. He is well known for his work with artists, musicians, and writers of the 1970s, when he was Director of Arts Programming at WBAI Radio, New York. He was a literary and art critic for the Soho Weekly News, ArtNews, and Art in America, among other publications. He is the author of the interview collection Conversations with American Writers (1985) and the editor and translator of numerous literary works. A specialist in French, English, and Comparative Literature, he has taught at Columbia University, New York University, University of Grenoble, France, and Nankai University in China. He lives and works in New York City.

Susan Howe
Susan Howe (born June 10, 1937) is an American poet, scholar, essayist, and critic, who has been closely associated with the Language poets, among other poetry movements. Her work is often classified as Postmodern because it expands traditional notions of genre (fiction, essay, prose and poetry). Many of Howe's books are layered with historical, mythical, and other references, often presented in an unorthodox format. Her work contains lyrical echoes of sound, and yet is not pinned down by a consistent metrical pattern or a conventional poetic rhyme scheme.

Howe received the 2017 Robert Frost Medal awarded by the Poetry Society of America, and the 2011 Bollingen Prize in American Poetry. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
The Fools of Chelm and Their History
The Fools of Chelm and Their History is a  humorous  book by Isaac Bashevis Singer about a fictional town of Chelm (not the real Polish town of Chełm) inhabited by naive Wise Men of Chelm.

It was published in Yiddish, signed by the pen name D. Segal, in 1966 and was an evolution of his previous story, "The Political Economy of Chelm", published in the Forverts on March 10, 1966. It was translated in English in 1973, by the author and Elizabeth Shub, illustrated by Uri Shulevitz.

The book was published as children's literature. It is a light read, in essence a series of slapstick jokes, though the full appreciation of the humor therein requires a considerable knowledge of Jewish history, culture, and religion, as well as general political issues.

Elizabeth Shub
Elizabeth Shub  (1915  – June 18, 2004)  was an American children's book writer, editor, and translator from German and Yiddish.

Of note is her collaboration with Isaac Bashevis Singer, with whom she translated many of his stories. In fact, she was the one who suggested Singer to write children's stories, and the first one was Zlateh the Goat and Other Stories (1966).
Non-wires alternatives
Non-wires alternatives (NWAs) are electric utility system investments and operating practices that can defer or replace the need for specific transmission and/or distribution projects, at lower total resource cost, by reliably reducing transmission congestion or distribution system constraints at times of maximum demand in specific grid areas. Transmission-related NWAs are also known as non-transmission alternatives (NTAs). They can be identified through least-cost planning and action, one geographic area at a time, for managing electricity supply and demand using all means available and necessary, including demand response, distributed generation (DG), energy efficiency, electricity and thermal storage, load management, and rate design.

Transmission congestion
In power engineering, transmission congestion occurs when overloaded transmission lines in an electrical grid are unable to carry additional electricity flow due to the risk of overheating. During grid congestion, the transmission system operator (TSO) has to direct the providers to adjust their dispatch levels to accommodate the constraint. In an electricity market a power plant may be able to produce electricity at a competitive price but cannot transmit the power to a willing buyer. Congestion increases the electricity prices for some customers.
Chanute, Kansas
Chanute (/ʃəˈnuːt/) is a city in Neosho County, Kansas, United States.  Founded on January 1, 1873, it was named after railroad engineer and aviation pioneer Octave Chanute. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 8,722. Chanute is home of Neosho County Community College.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Neosho County, Kansas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Neosho County, Kansas.  It is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Neosho County, Kansas, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 9 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 26, 2025.
Love Is Colder Than Death (film)
Love is Colder Than Death (German: Liebe ist kälter als der Tod) is a 1969 West German crime film written, starring, edited and directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, his feature directorial debut. The film co-stars Ulli Lommel and Hanna Schygulla, both of whom would become regular collaborators of Fassbinder. The plot follows a small-time gangster (Lommel) who is caught in a love-triangle with a sex worker (Schygulla) and her pimp (Fassbinder).

The film premiered at the 19th Berlin International Film Festival, where it received a polarized reaction, but was nominated for the Golden Bear. At the 1970 German Film Awards, the film won awards for Best Ensemble Cast and Best Cinematography (Dietrich Lohmann).

Golden Bear
The Golden Bear (German: Goldener Bär) is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival and is, along with the Palme d'Or and the Golden Lion, widely considered among the most prestigious film festival awards. The bear is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin.