hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Institute for Justice
The Institute for Justice (IJ) is a libertarian non-profit public interest law firm in the United States. IJ has litigated twelve cases before the United States Supreme Court dealing with eminent domain, interstate commerce, public financing for elections, school vouchers, tax credits for private school tuition, civil asset forfeiture, and residency requirements for liquor license. The organization was founded in September 1991. As of 2023, it employed a staff of 157 full-time staff members (including 64 attorneys) in Arlington, Virginia and seven offices across the United States.

Charity Navigator
Charity Navigator is a charity assessment organization that evaluates more than 200,000 charitable organizations based in the United States, operating as a 501(c)(3) organization. It provides insights into a nonprofit's financial stability, adherence to best practices for both accountability and transparency, and results reporting. It is the largest and most-utilized evaluator of charities in the United States. It does not accept any advertising or donations from the organizations it evaluates.

According to a 2025 study, ratings by Charity Navigator shape donor behaviors, as donors increase their contributions to better rated charities. The study also found that charities try to achieve better ratings by cutting expenditures on administration and fundraising, as well as misreporting or mislabelling expenditures to game the ratings. Another study from 2025 found that Charity Navigator ratings are also a good predictor for the number of volunteers in nonprofit organizations.
Ringmo
Ringmo is a traditional village in Dolpo in the Dolpa District of Nepal, with a seasonal population of about 200. The people are mostly of Tibetan ethnicity, are of the Bönpo faith, and engage in trade, yak herding and tourism. It sits on the landslide dam that formed Phoksundo Lake at about 3660 m (12,000 ft) above sea level. A Bön temple also named Ringmo can be found just outside the town, and the river that drains from Phoksundo plunges over an impressive 167 m (548 ft) waterfall about half a kilometer south of the village.

Ringmo is the seat of the Phoksundo village development committee.

Landslide dam
A landslide dam or barrier lake is the natural damming of a river by some kind of landslide, such as a debris flow, rock avalanche or volcanic eruption. If the damming landslide is caused by an earthquake, it may also be called a quake lake. Some landslide dams are as high as the largest existing artificial dam.
The Smell
The Smell is an all-ages, alcohol and drug-free, punk rock and experimental music venue in Downtown Los Angeles, California. The Smell, notable for its DIY ethic, is home to many of the area's avant-garde performers and artists. The venue is maintained by Jim Smith, one of the four original organizers of the club, and a number of volunteers.

The Smell continues in the tradition of Los Angeles-based underground clubs such as The Masque and Jabberjaw. Aside from its primary function as a live music and performance art space, The Smell hosts a library, a vegan snack bar and a gallery space. The venue predates the conception of the Gallery Row district in which it is located. The Smell and the relatively new Gallery Row both border Skid Row.

Family-friendly
A family-friendly product or service is one that is generally considered by a culture to be suitable for all members of an average family.  Family-friendly restaurants are ones that provide service to families that have young children. Frequently, family-friendly products avoid marketing solely to children and attempt to make the product palatable to adults as well.
North–South Lake
North–South Lake is an 1,100-acre (4.4 km2) state campground in the Catskill Forest Preserve near Palenville, New York operated by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation near the site of the historic Catskill Mountain House overlooking the Hudson River.  The escarpment on which the lakes are located is at 2,250 feet (685.8 m), 1,700 feet (518 m) above the valley floor, providing a view of five states in clear weather.

The area is rich in history. It was a favorite subject of painters in the Hudson River School, particularly Thomas Cole. For a long time, the prestigious resort hotels in the area made it synonymous with the Catskills.

Today, the area provides hiking, swimming, boating (no motors), and fishing.

Hudson Valley
The Hudson Valley or Hudson River Valley comprises the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in the U.S. state of New York. The region stretches from the Capital District including Albany and Troy south to Yonkers in Westchester County, bordering New York City.
We're in the Money (film)
We're in the Money is a 1935 American romantic comedy film directed by Ray Enright. It was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on August 17, 1935. The film stars Joan Blondell and Glenda Farrell and is one of five Warner Bros. films in which they were paired as blonde bombshell comedy duo. The other films include Havana Widows (1933), Kansas City Princess (1934), Traveling Saleslady (1935) and Miss Pacific Fleet (1935). Ginger and Dixie are two process servers, who serve legal papers to a playboy, a racketeer, a wrestler and a singer.

Blonde stereotype
Blonde stereotypes are stereotypes of blonde-haired people, especially women, generally treating them as pretty but sillier and less clever than other people and often comparing them unfavorably to brunettes. Examples of this stereotype are the "blonde bombshell" and the "dumb blonde." Despite popular blonde jokes on these premises, research has shown that blonde women are not less intelligent than women with other hair colors.

The blonde bombshell is one of the most notable and consistently popular female character types in cinema. Many Hollywood celebrities have used it to their advantage, including Jean Harlow, Marlene Dietrich, Marilyn Monroe, Jayne Mansfield, Brigitte Bardot and Mamie Van Doren.
The City (website)
The City is a non-profit news organization based in New York City that extensively covers all the boroughs. It digitally launched in April 2019 to address the growing deficit in civic information and accountability created by a shrinking local news landscape and aims to promote civic engagement through in-depth community reporting. Their slogan is Reporting for New Yorkers and mascot is a pigeon named Nellie, named after Nellie Bly.

Nellie Bly
Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman (born Elizabeth Jane Cochran; May 5, 1864 – January 27, 1922), better known by her pen name Nellie Bly, was an American journalist who was widely known for her record-breaking trip around the world in 72 days in emulation of Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg, and for an exposé in which she worked undercover to report on a mental institution from within. She  ushered in the era of stunt girl reporting and helped advance a new kind of immersion journalism.
Raúl Ilaquiche
Raúl Clemente Ilaquiche Licta (8 January 1973 – 13 December 2024) was an Ecuadorian lawyer and politician. A member of the Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement – New Country, he served in the National Congress from January to November 2007.

He was married to former member of the National Assembly Lourdes Tibán since 2008.

Ilaquiche died in a traffic collision in Mejía Canton, on 13 December 2024, at the age of 51.

National Congress (Ecuador)
The National Congress (Spanish: Congreso Nacional) was the unicameral legislative branch of the government of Ecuador prior to November 2007.

Under the 1998 Constitution, Congress met in Quito and was made up of 100 deputies (diputados). Each of the country's 22 provinces returned a minimum of two deputies plus one additional seat for every 200,000 inhabitants.

It was dissolved on 29 November 2007 by the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly and replaced by the National Assembly of Ecuador under the 2008 Constitution. Its demise came when it was already weakened by the disfavorable perception of the Ecuadorian public opinion, which for decades saw it as a corrupt and incompetent entity, as well as a venue for violent disputes between its members and political intrigues, such as the removal of Presidents Abdalá Bucaram in 1997 and Lucio Gutiérrez in 2005.
The Barber of Seville (play)
The Barber of Seville or the Useless Precaution (French: Le Barbier de Séville ou la Précaution inutile) is a French play by Pierre Beaumarchais, with original music by Antoine-Laurent Baudron. It was initially conceived as an opéra comique, and was rejected as such in 1772 by the Comédie-Italienne. The play as it is now known was written in 1773, but, due to legal and political problems of the author, it was not performed until February 23, 1775, at the Comédie-Française in the Tuileries. It is the first play in a trilogy of which the other constituents are The Marriage of Figaro and The Guilty Mother.

Though the play was poorly received at first, Beaumarchais worked some fast editing of the script, turning it into a roaring success after three days. The play's title might be a pun on Tirso de Molina's earlier play El Burlador de Sevilla (The Trickster of Seville).

Mozart wrote a set of 12 variations, K. 354, on one of Baudron's songs, "Je suis Lindor".

Opéra comique
Opéra comique (French: [ɔpeʁa kɔmik]; plural: opéras comiques) is a genre of French opera that contains spoken dialogue and arias. It emerged from the popular opéras comiques en vaudevilles of the Fair Theatres of St Germain and St Laurent (and to a lesser extent the Comédie-Italienne), which combined existing popular tunes with spoken sections. Associated with the Paris theatre of the same name, opéra comique is not necessarily comical or shallow; Carmen, perhaps the most famous opéra comique, is a tragedy.
New Picnic Time
New Picnic Time is the third album by the American rock band Pere Ubu. It was released in September 1979 by Chrysalis Records. The album was reissued in 1989 on CD by Rough Trade Records, in 1999 on CD by Thirsty Ear Records, in 2008 on CD on Cooking Vinyl, and in 2017 on vinyl and CD by Fire Records.

Cooking Vinyl
Cooking Vinyl is a British independent record label, based in Acton, London, England. It was founded in 1986 by former manager and booking agent Martin Goldschmidt and his business partner Pete Lawrence. Goldschmidt remains the current owner and chairman, while Rob Collins is managing director.
1998 California Attorney General election
The 1998 California Attorney General election occurred on November 3, 1998. The primary elections took place on June 3, 1998. The Democratic nominee, Bill Lockyer, defeated the Republican nominee, Dave Stirling, for the office previously held by incumbent Dan Lungren, who chose not to seek re-election in favor of running for governor.

California Democratic Party
The California Democratic Party, also known as the Democratic Party of California, is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in Sacramento, California.

With 45.27% of the state's registered voters as of February 2025, the Democratic Party has the highest number of registrants of any political party in California. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the largest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party currently controls the majority of California's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Palimar
Palimar is a village and Grama Panchayat in the Udupi district of Karnataka state, India.   Palimaru village is located on north banks of River Shambavi It houses palimar matha, one of the Ashta Mathas of Udupi founded by the Dvaita philosopher Madhvacharya.

Udupi
Udupi (Kannada: [uɖupi]) also known as Odipu (Tulu: [oɖipu]) is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters of Udupi district, and one of the fastest-growing cities in Karnataka. Udupi is one of the top tourist attractions in Karnataka and has various educational institutions. It is notable for the Krishna Temple and is also known as the temple city. It also lends its name to the popular Udupi cuisine, is also known as Parashurama Kshetra, and is famous for Kanakana kindi. Udupi district is located in western part of Karnataka.
Georgi Ivanov Terziev
Georgi Ivanov Terziev (Bulgarian: Георги Иванов Терзиев) (6 March 1935 – 29 September 1972) was a Bulgarian geologist and mineralogist.  Georgi Terziev was an exceptional figure in the field of mineralogy and made major contributions to the study of the mining regions and deposits near Panagyurishte and  Madan.

Terziev is credited for the discoveries of the minerals kostovite and hemusite.

He died, together with his wife and colleague Tamara Hissina, in a car accident at the age of 37.

Madan, Smolyan Province
Madan (Bulgarian: Мадан [mɐˈdan]) is a town in Smolyan Province, the very south of Bulgaria in the Yellow Share of the Rhodope Mountains. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Madan Municipality. In 2019, the town had a population of 6,597.
The Music of Silence
The Music of Silence (Italian: La musica del silenzio) is a 2017 Italian biographical film directed by Michael Radford, based on the 1999 novel of the same name written by the tenor Andrea Bocelli and freely inspired by his childhood life until the beginning of his career. Bocelli is played by Toby Sebastian with the alter ego of Amos Bardi. The Italian tenor physically appears in a scene of the film and his presence accompanies the entire film in the form of a first-person narrative. The film received negative reviews from critics and made $154,478 at the box office.

Alter ego
An alter ego (Latin for "other I") means an alternate self, which is believed to be distinct from a person's normal or true original personality. Finding one's alter ego will require finding one's other self, one with a different personality. Additionally, the altered states of the ego may themselves be referred to as alterations.

A distinct meaning of alter ego is found in the literary analysis used when referring to fictional literature and other narrative forms, describing a key character in a story who is perceived to be intentionally representative of the work's author (or creator), by oblique similarities, in terms of psychology, behaviour, speech, or thoughts, often used to convey the author's thoughts. The term is also sometimes, but less frequently, used to designate a hypothetical "twin" or "best friend" to a character in a story. Similarly, the term alter ego may be applied to the role or persona taken on by an actor or by other types of performers.
2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Czech Republic
The 2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Czech Republic was an A1 Grand Prix race, held on October 14, 2007, at the Masaryk Circuit in Brno, Czech Republic. This was the second meeting in the 2007-08 A1 Grand Prix season.

The sprint race was won by New Zealand as was the Feature race.

Natacha Gachnang
Natacha Gachnang (born 27 October 1987 in Vevey, Switzerland) is a Swiss race driver and the cousin of former Formula One driver Sébastien Buemi. In 2010, she was a member of the first all-female crew to race at Le Mans 24 hours since 1991, and she competed at Le Mans again in 2013.
Meraklije
Meraklije (Serbian Cyrillic: Мераклије) are the organized supporters of the Niš professional football club Radnički Niš, and are one of the major supporter groups in Serbia. Meraklije is plural of the singular form meraklija, which means something like "neko kome je sve po meri, neko ko uživa u nečemu", which roughly translates to "someone to just everything is right, someone who enjoys something"; a person in this state is called a meraklija. Besides the football club, they also support other sport sections in Niš. They are also known for their special support to the Serbian national handball team.

2012–13 Serbian SuperLiga
The 2012–13 Serbian SuperLiga (known as the Jelen SuperLiga for sponsorship reasons) was the seventh season of the Serbian SuperLiga, the top football league of Serbia. The season began on 26 August 2012 and ended on 25 May 2013.

A total of 16 teams contested the league, including 14 sides from the 2011–12 season and two promoted from the 2011–12 Serbian First League. Partizan successfully defended their title. Last two teams, BSK Borča and Smederevo were relegated, while 14th team played play-off with 3rd placed team from 2012–13 Serbian First League.
Vgo (stonemason)
Vgo, or Ugo, for "Hugues", was a stonemason active in Provence during the twelfth century. He left his signature on several Romanesque religious edifices in Provence and mainly in Tricastin:

Vaison Cathedral

Notre Dame d'Aubune

St Blaise de Bauzon

St Sepulchre Chapel in Beaumont

Crypt of Apt Cathedral

He is not to be confused with Master Hugo, an English artist of the same century.

Beaumont-du-Ventoux
Beaumont-du-Ventoux (French pronunciation: [bomɔ̃ dy vɑ̃tu]; Occitan: Bèumont dau Ventor) is a rural commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 308.

The commune wine co-operative "cave" draws on local vineyards. The overall area is at the foothill of the famous Mont Ventoux, a renowned cycle stage of the Tour de France.
Wyrd
Wyrd is a concept in  Anglo-Saxon culture roughly corresponding to fate or personal destiny. The word is ancestral to Modern English weird, whose meaning has drifted towards an adjectival use with a more general sense of "supernatural" or "uncanny", or simply "unexpected".

The cognate term to wyrd in Old Norse is urðr, with a similar meaning, but also personified as a deity: Urðr (anglicized as Urd), one of the Norns in Norse mythology. The word also appears in the name of the well where the Norns meet, Urðarbrunnr.

Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated ADJ) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun.
The adjective is considered one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although historically they were classed together with nouns. Nowadays, certain words that usually had been classified as adjectives, including the, this, my, etc., typically are classed separately, as determiners.

Examples:

That used to be an immensely funny idea. (Prepositive attributive)

That idea is funny. (Predicative)

Tell me something funny. (Postpositive attributive)

The good, the bad, and the funny. (Substantive)

Clara Oswald, completely funny, died three times. (Appositive)
Choapa River
Choapa River or El Río Choapa is a river of Chile located in the Coquimbo Region. The river rises in the Andes, at the confluence of the streams Totoral, Leiva and Del Valle. The river then flows through the town of Salamanca before it meets with its main tributary, the Illapel River. The Choapa then empties into the Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of Huentelauquén Cove, about 35 km north of Los Vilos.

The major settlement along the river is Salamanca.

Los Vilos
Los Vilos (From mapuche: Filu, ‘snake’)? is both a Chilean coastal commune and a coastal city with over 9,000 inhabitants (18,275 in comuna), located in the Province of Choapa, part of the IV Region of Coquimbo. The city has a harbour called  Puerto Punta Chungo, that ships the material of Los Pelambres mine. This port stand for 1.1% of the annual tonnage of Chile's external trade as of 2024. Fishing is one of its main activities. The city also has a significant amount of tourism, mainly due to its two beaches: La Principal and Las Conchas. It is located at 246 kilometres (153 mi) from La Serena and 246 kilometres (153 mi) from Santiago.

The city was founded in 1830, and was declared a minor harbor in 1855.
Ahmet Arvasi
Ahmet Arvasi (February 15, 1932 – December 31, 1988), commonly known as Seyyid Ahmet Arvasi, was a Turkish writer and philosopher of Kurdified Arab origin. He denied his Arab-Kurdish identity and is known for expounding upon the ideology of the "Turkish-Islamic Synthesis Doctrine" and its effect on Turkey. He was born in Doğubeyazıt district of Ağrı, Turkey. His family is from Van Province. His father Seyyid Abdulhakim Arvasi (1865–1943) was a Sunni Islamic scholar during the late Ottoman and early Republic periods of Turkey.

Van Province
Van Province (Turkish: Van ili, Kurdish: Parezgêha Wanê, Armenian: Վանի մարզ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey, between Lake Van and the Iranian border. Its area is 20,921 km2, and its population is 1,128,749 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Bitlis to the west, Siirt to the southwest, Şırnak and Hakkâri to the south, and Ağrı to the north. The capital of the province is the city of Van, with a population of 525,016 as of 2022. The second-largest city is Erciş, with 92,945 inhabitants in 2022. The province was part of ancient province of Vaspurakan and is considered to be one of the cradles of Armenian civilization. Before the Armenian genocide, Van Province was one of the six Armenian vilayets. A majority of the population of the province is Kurdish and considered part of Turkish Kurdistan.
Asclepios Project
Asclepios is a program of space analogue missions designed by students for students, under the mentorship of trained professionals. It seeks to simulate short-term space missions on another celestial body, such as the Moon or Mars, thus paving the way to the future space exploration of the Solar System.

The Asclepios missions are exclusively opened to students with the goal of arousing their interest in future space endeavors as becoming astronauts, space engineers or members of the Mission Control Center. The purpose of analog missions is to help organizations within the space domain test their processes or products in a realistic environment. The objectives of the Asclepios missions are to act as an enabler for scientific entities, to train students through their work, and to promote space sciences. Experts and professionals such as Swiss astronaut Claude Nicollier act as mentors and advisors regarding the mission preparation.

Claude Nicollier
Claude Nicollier (born 2 September 1944) is the first astronaut from Switzerland. He has flown on four Space Shuttle missions. His first spaceflight (STS-46) was in 1992, and his final spaceflight (STS-103) was in 1999. He took part in two servicing missions to the Hubble Space Telescope (called STS-61 and STS-103). During his final spaceflight he participated in a spacewalk, becoming the first European Space Agency astronaut to do so during a Space Shuttle mission (previous ESA astronauts conducted spacewalks aboard Mir, see List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999). In 2000 he was assigned to the Astronaut Office Extravehicular Activity Branch, while maintaining a position as Lead ESA Astronaut in Houston. Nicollier retired from ESA in April 2007.

He was appointed full professor of Spatial Technology at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne on 28 March 2007.

He was an expert board member of Swiss Space Systems, until the company's dissolution.
Holcocera concolor
Holcocera concolor is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It is found from Massachusetts north to Nova Scotia and west to British Columbia.

The length of the forewings is 6.9–8.1 millimetres (0.27–0.32 in). The forewings are yellow orange.

Larvae have been reared from several Pinaceae species, including Pinus resinosa, Pinus rigida, Pinus strobus, Picea abies, Picea glauca and Larix species.

Picea abies
Picea abies, the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and the longest cones of any spruce, 9–17 cm long. It is very closely related to the Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), which replaces it east of the Ural Mountains, and with which it hybridises freely. The Norway spruce has a wide distribution, being planted for its wood, and is the species used as a Christmas tree in several countries around the world. It was the first gymnosperm to have its genome sequenced. The Latin specific epithet abies means "like 
Abies, Fir tree".