hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert L. Ellingson
Robert L. "Bob" Ellingson (born September 3, 1950) is an American lawyer and politician.

Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Ellingson graduated from Brooklyn Center High School in 1967. In 1971, he received his bachelor's degree in government and international relations from Carleton College. In 1986, Ellingson received his master's degree from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. In 1975, Ellingson received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Minnesota Law School and then practiced law in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota. From 1977 to 1987, Ellingson served in the Minnesota House of Representatives and was a Democrat. Ellingson served on the Hennepin County, Minnesota Parks Board from 1987 to 1990. He also served on the Minnetonka, Minnesota city council from 2004 to 2020.

Brooklyn Center, Minnesota
Brooklyn Center is a first-ring suburban city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area. In 1911, the area became a village formed from parts of Brooklyn Township and Crystal Lake Township. In 1966, Brooklyn Center became a charter city. The city has commercial and industrial development. The majority of land use is single-family homes. The population was 33,782 at the 2020 census, and the city has become the most ethnically diverse community in the state.
Maiestas horvathi
Maiestas horvathi is a species of bugs from Cicadellidae family that can be found in European countries such as Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, Slovenia, Switzerland, and former Yugoslavia. The species are also native to Turkey. It was formerly placed within Recilia, but a 2009 revision moved it to Maiestas.

Recilia
Recilia is a genus of typical leafhoppers from the family Cicadellidae, recorded mostly from Africa, the West Palaearctic and New Zealand. As of Webb & Viraktamath (2009), the vast majority of former species, including the zig-zag leafhopper of rice R. dorsalis, are now placed in the genus Maiestas. Before this, the genus was sometimes treated as a subgenus of Deltocephalus, of the same tribe.
Krasnosilka rural hromada
Krasnosilka rural hromada (Ukrainian: Красносільська сільська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Odesa Raion, Odesa Oblast. Its administrative center is the village Krasnosilka. It was created by the decision of the Odesa regional council on August 12, 2015, as part of the administrative and territorial reform of 2015–2020.

The first elections were held on October 25, 2015. The area is 262.63 km2, the population is 10,932 inhabitants (2015), and it contains 14 villages. The territory of the hromada overlooks the coast of the Kuialnyk Estuary.

Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.
Kalibek
Kalibek (Kazakh: Қалыбек; Russian: Калибек) is a bittern salt lake in Taiynsha District, North Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan.

Taiynsha town, the administrative center of the district, lies 45 kilometers (28 mi) to the west of the lake.

Bittern (salt)
Bittern (pl. bitterns), or nigari, is the salt solution formed when halite (table salt) precipitates from seawater or brines. Bitterns contain magnesium, calcium, and potassium ions as well as chloride, sulfate, iodide, and other ions.

Bittern is commonly formed in salt ponds where the evaporation of water prompts the precipitation of halite. These salt ponds can be part of a salt-producing industrial facility, or they can be used as a waste storage location for brines produced in desalination processes.

Bittern is a source of many useful salts. It is used as a natural source of Mg2+, and it can be used as a coagulant both in the production of tofu and in the treatment of industrial wastewater.
Benzoin (organic compound)
Benzoin (/ˈbɛnzoʊ.ɪn/ or /-ɔɪn/) is an organic compound with the formula PhCH(OH)C(O)Ph.  It is a hydroxy ketone attached to two phenyl groups. It appears as off-white crystals, with a light camphor-like odor. Benzoin is synthesized from benzaldehyde in the benzoin condensation.  It is chiral and it exists as a pair of enantiomers: (R)-benzoin and (S)-benzoin.

Benzoin is not a constituent of benzoin resin obtained from the benzoin tree (Styrax) or tincture of benzoin. The main component in these natural products is benzoic acid.

Hydroxy ketone
In organic chemistry, a hydroxy ketone (often referred to simply as a ketol) is a functional group consisting of a ketone (>C=O) flanked by a hydroxyl group (−OH). Chemicals in this group can be classified by the position of the hydroxyl relative to the ketone. The two main classes have the hydroxyl on the alpha or beta carbon, that is, on the immediately adjacent carbon or the next-further carbon, respectively. Thus, the general structure of the two main classes are R−C(=O)−CH(OH)−R" (alpha) and R−C(=O)−CH2−CH(OH)−R' (beta).

Alpha-hydroxy ketones are also called acyloins. They are commonly formed by condensation or reductive coupling of two carbonyl (C=O) compounds or oxidation of ketones. The simplest such compound is hydroxyacetone. If the alcohol is primary, alpha-hydroxy ketones give a positive Fehling's test.

Beta-hydroxy ketones are a type of aldol. They are commonly formed by an aldol reaction between two carbonyl compounds. A simple example is diacetone alcohol.
Politics of Slovakia
Politics of Slovakia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, with a multi-party system. Legislative power is vested in the parliament and it can be exercised in some cases also by the government or directly by citizens.

Executive power is exercised by the government led by the Prime Minister. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The President is the head of the state. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Slovakia a "flawed democracy" in 2022. According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Slovakia was in 2023 the 18th most electoral democratic country in the world.

Economist Intelligence Unit
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) is the research and analysis division of the British media company The Economist Group, providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports. The EIU provides country, industry, and management analysis worldwide and incorporates the former Business International Corporation, a UK company acquired by its parent company in 1986. The EIU has its main offices in four cities—London, NYC, Hong Kong and Dubai.

The Managing Director of the EIU is Leon Calvert, who was appointed in April 2025. The former MD was Robin Bew, formerly the Editorial Director and Chief Economist.
Solar access
Solar access is the ability of one property to continue to receive sunlight across property lines without obstruction from another’s property (buildings, foliage or other impediment). Solar access is calculated using a sun path diagram.

Solar access is differentiated from solar rights or solar easement, which is specifically meant for direct sunlight for solar energy systems, whereas solar access is a right to sunlight upon certain building façades regardless of the presence of active or passive solar energy systems.

Right to light
Right to light is a form of easement in English law that gives a long-standing owner of a building with windows a right to maintain an adequate level of illumination. The right was traditionally known as the doctrine of "ancient lights". A right to light can also be granted expressly by deed, or granted implicitly, for example under the rule in Wheeldon v. Burrows (1879).

In England, the rights to ancient lights are most usually acquired under the Prescription Act 1832.

In American common law the doctrine died out during the 19th century and is generally no longer recognized. Japanese law provides for a comparable concept known as nisshōken (日照権, lit. 'right to sunshine').
Diradical
In chemistry, a diradical is a molecular species with two electrons occupying molecular orbitals (MOs) which are degenerate. The term "diradical" is mainly used to describe organic compounds, where most diradicals are extremely reactive and non-Kekulé molecules that are rarely isolated. Diradicals are even-electron molecules but have one fewer bond than the number permitted by the octet rule.

Examples of diradical species can also be found in coordination chemistry, for example among bis(1,2-dithiolene) metal complexes.

Chemical species
Chemical species are a specific form of chemical substance or chemically identical molecular entities that have the same molecular energy level at a specified timescale. These entities are classified through bonding types and relative abundance of isotopes. Types of chemical species can be classified based on the type of molecular entity and can be either an atomic, molecular, ionic or radical species.
Oliver Kraas
Oliver Martin Kraas (born 18 April 1975 in Germiston) is a South African cross-country skier who has competed since 2003.  Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of 57th in the individual sprint event at Turin in 2006.

Kraas' best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 23rd in the team sprint at Oberstdorf in 2005.

His best World Cup finish was 38th in an individual sprint event at Germany in 2006.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships is a biennial Nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The World Championships was started in 1924 for men and opened for women's participation in 1954. World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). The Winter Olympics from 1924 to 1980 were also the Nordic World Ski Championships. This meant that the Olympic champions were also World champions and received an additional medal from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.
Pregnenolone acetate
Pregnenolone acetate (brand names Antofin, Previsone, Pregno-Pan), also known as pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one 3β-acetate, is a synthetic pregnane steroid and an ester of pregnenolone which is described as a glucocorticoid and as a skin-conditioning and skin anti-aging agent. It has been reported to reduce wrinkles in elderly women when applied in the form of a 0.5% topical cream, effects which were suggested to be due to improved hydration of the skin. Pregnenolone acetate has been marketed in France in a topical cream containing 1% pregnenolone acetate and 10% "sex hormone" for the treatment of premature skin aging but was withdrawn from the market in 1992. Although the medication has been described by some sources as a glucocorticoid, other authors have stated that systemic pregnenolone acetate has no undesirable metabolic or toxic effects even at high doses.

Anti-aging product
Anti-aging supplements are ingestible products—such as vitamin capsules, powders, or teas—marketed with the message of slowing or reversing the aging process. However, there is no clinical evidence that such products provide any effect on health or the process of aging. Anti-aging creams (or anti-wrinkle creams) are cosmetics products, typically moisturizer-based, that are promoted for reducing, masking, or preventing visible signs of skin aging, such as wrinkles, discoloration, or loss of elasticity. These claims are not supported by conclusive scientific evidence.
Vector W2
The Vector W2 is a concept car constructed by Vector Motors in 1978. The concept went into production as the Vector W8 in 1990.

The name comes from the "W" for Jerry Wiegert (designer and founder of Vector Motors) and "2" for the number of turbochargers. The car is fully functional. It has a Bosch fuel injected twin-turbocharged 350 cid (5.7 L) aluminum Chevrolet V8 engine that produces over 600 hp (450 kW) and over 600 ft·lbf (800 N·m) of torque. The top speed is a claimed 242 mph (389 km/h).

The car went through a number of improvements in performance, technology, updated styling exercises, as well as color changes. It was displayed at international auto shows worldwide, and featured in many automotive publications. The car likely covered over 100,000 mi (160,934 km) in testing, more than any other concept car.

In 1990, the concept went into production as the Vector W8. Only a handful cars were constructed before the company went bankrupt.

Bosch (company)
Robert Bosch GmbH (/bɒʃ/; German: [bɔʃ] ⓘ), commonly known as Bosch (styled BOSCH), is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886. Bosch is 94% owned by the Robert Bosch Stiftung, a charitable institution. Although the charity is funded by owning the vast majority of shares, it has no voting rights and is involved in health and social causes unrelated to Bosch's business.

Bosch's core operating areas are spread across four business sectors: mobility (hardware and software), consumer goods (including household appliances and power tools), industrial technology (including drive and control), and energy and building technology.

In terms of revenue, Bosch is the largest automotive supplier. From 2025 onwards, Bosch faced massive economic problems in the automotive sector, because global sales of German cars are declining.
Jean François Pons
Jean François Pons, SJ (1688–1752) was a French Jesuit who pioneered the study of Sanskrit in the West.

He published a survey of Sanskrit literature in 1743, where he described the language as "admirable for its harmony, copiousness, and energy", reporting on the parsimony of the native grammatical tradition, informing the works of de Brosses, Dow, Sinner, Voltaire, Monboddo, Halhed, Beauzée, and Hervás, and was plagiarized by John Cleland (1778).

Lorenzo Hervás
Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro was a Spanish Jesuit and philologist; born at Horcajo, 1 May 1735; died at Rome, 24 August 1809. He is one of the most important authors, together with Juan Andrés, Antonio Eximeno or Celestino Mutis, of the Spanish Universalist School of the 18th century.
Lost in Heaven
Lost in Heaven is the fourth studio album by alternative-R&B trio Chase Atlantic, released on 1 November 2024 through Fearless Records. The album was announced on 20 September 2024, with the release of the third single from the album, "Doubt It".

The album was promoted through three singles; "Mamacita", "Die for Me" and "Doubt It". The band has embarked on the Lost in Heaven Tour to promote the album, with stops in North America, Europe and Oceania.

The deluxe edition of Lost in Heaven, titled Lost in Heaven (High as Hell), was released on 3 October 2025. It was preceded by two singles, "Facedown," released on 14 August 2025, and "Remind Me," released on 12 September 2025. The edition also includes two additional tracks, "Warcry" and "Victory Lap," the latter featuring alternative rock singer De'Wayne, and Australian singer-songwriter Larissa Lambert.

Fearless Records
Fearless Records is an American independent record label that was founded in 1994. Fearless is based in Culver City, California, and is best known for its early pop punk moments captured in the Fearless Flush Sampler and Punk Bites releases, as well as additional releases by bands such as Bigwig and Dynamite Boy; and later Sugarcult; Plain White T's; The Aquabats; Amely; and post-hardcore releases by At the Drive-In and Anatomy of a Ghost.  However, the label has experimented with different styles in recent years. Acts such as Blessthefall, Bloodywood, The Word Alive, Ice Nine Kills, Mayday Parade, Pierce The Veil, Starset, The Pretty Reckless, Underoath and The Color Morale have showcased post-hardcore, metalcore, hard rock and alternative rock bands that have emerged in recent years. Fearless Records' releases were distributed in the US by RED Distribution, but since Concord Music Group's purchase of the label in 2015, it has been distributed by Universal Music Group worldwide.
Third Khaleda ministry
The Third Khaleda ministry was a ministry that had power over the Government of Bangladesh during the 8th legislative session of the Jatiya Sangsad following the 2001 general election. The cabinet took office on 10 October 2001 and left office on 29 October 2006. The Prime Minister and head of the government was Khaleda Zia.

2001 Bangladeshi general election
General elections were held in Bangladesh on 1 October 2001. The 300 seats of the Jatiya Sangsad were contested by 1,935 candidates representing 54 parties and 484 independents. The elections were the second to be held under the caretaker government concept, introduced in 1996.

The result was a victory for the Four Party Alliance of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, Jatiya Party (Manju) and Islami Oikya Jote. BNP leader Khaleda Zia became Prime Minister.
Pyrrolnitrin
Pyrrolnitrin (PRN) is a naturally occurring phenylpyrrole fungicide. Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species produce pyrrolnitrin from tryptophan as secondary metabolite. It is believed that the antifungal properties come from inhibition of electron transport system.

The synthetic fungicides fenpiclonil and fludioxonil are chemically related to pyrrolnitrin.

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.
100 Grados
"100 Grados" (English: "one-hundred degrees") is a song by Argentine singer Lali featuring vocals from Peruvian/American singer and producer A. Chal, from her third studio album, Brava (2018). Written by Lali, A. Chal, Feid, Stiven Rojas, Rolo, Mosty, Nano Novello, Luis Burgio, Peter Akselrad, Kevin Mauricio Jiménez, Bryan Snaider Lezcano, Jowan Espinosa, Juan Pablo Piedrahita and Daniel Giraldo, and produced by 3musica and Icon Music, it was released by Sony Music Argentina as the album's third single on April 13, 2018. The song became the Espósito's third No. 1 hit on the Argentina Lista 40 followed by "Besarte Mucho" which was her fourth number 1 in the chart.

Sony Music Latin
Sony Music Entertainment US Latin LLC (often referred to as Sony Music Latin) is an American record label owned by Sony Music. The label focuses on artists of Latin music. Sony Latin was also a division of the Sony Discos label.
The Golden Man Booker
The Golden Man Booker was a special one-off prize awarded in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Booker Prize. All of the previous 51 winning titles since the Booker's inception in 1969 were eligible.

Five judges read the books from each relevant decade and chose a title which to be pitted against the judges' other choices. The judges' shortlist of five titles was announced on 26 May 2018, with voting also commencing that day. The winner was announced at a ceremony on 8 July 2018, at London's Southbank Centre, with the award going to Michael Ondaatje for his 1992 novel The English Patient.

The judges were (chosen decade in parentheses):

Robert McCrum (1970s)

Lemn Sissay (1980s)

Kamila Shamsie (1990s)

Simon Mayo (2000s)

Hollie McNish (2010s)

The shortlisted works were:

In a Free State (1971) — V.S. Naipaul

Moon Tiger (1987) — Penelope Lively

The English Patient (1992) — Michael Ondaatje

Wolf Hall (2009) — Hilary Mantel

Lincoln in the Bardo (2017) — George Saunders

Kamila Shamsie
Kamila Shamsie (Urdu: کاملہ شمسی; born 13 August 1973) is a Pakistani and British writer and novelist who is best known for her award-winning novel Home Fire (2017). Named on Granta magazine's list of 20 best young British writers, Shamsie has been described by The New Indian Express as "a novelist to reckon with and to look forward to." She also writes for publications including The Guardian, New Statesman, Index on Censorship and Prospect, and broadcasts on radio.
Budapest Semesters in Mathematics
The Budapest Semesters in Mathematics program is a study abroad opportunity for North American undergraduate students in Budapest, Hungary.  The coursework is primarily mathematical and conducted in English by Hungarian professors whose primary positions are at Eötvös Loránd University or the Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.  Originally started by  László Lovász, László Babai, Vera Sós, and Pál Erdős, the first semester was conducted in Spring 1985.  The North- American part of the program is currently run by Tina Garrett (North American Director) out of St. Olaf College in Northfield, MN.  She is supported by Kendra Killpatrick (Associate Director) and Eileen Shimota (Program Administrator). The former North American Directors were Paul D. Humke (1988–2011) and Tom Trotter. The Hungarian director is  Dezső Miklós. The first Hungarian director was Gábor J. Székely (1985–1995).

Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics
The Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics (Hungarian: Rényi Alfréd Matematikai Kutatóintézet) is the research institute in mathematics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. It was created in 1950 by Alfréd Rényi, who directed it until his death. Since its creation, the institute has been the center of mathematical research in Hungary. It received the title Centre of Excellence of the European Union (2001). The current director is  András Stipsicz. The institute publishes the research journal Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica.