hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polaner
Polaner is an American brand  of fruit preserves and condiments that was founded by Max and Lena Polaner as M. Polaner Inc. in the late 19th century in Newark, New Jersey. It was renamed M. Polaner and Son, Inc. when their son Sidney Polaner joined the company.

Fruit preserves
Fruit preserves are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar and sometimes acid, often stored in glass jars and used as a condiment or spread.

There are many varieties of fruit preserves globally, distinguished by the method of preparation, type of fruit used, and its place in a meal. Sweet fruit preserves such as jams, jellies, and marmalades are often eaten at breakfast with bread or as an ingredient of a pastry or dessert, whereas more savory and acidic preserves made from "vegetable fruits" such as tomato, squash or zucchini, are eaten alongside savory foods such as cheese, cold meats, and curries.
King Alfred Chair of English Literature
The King Alfred Chair of English Literature was founded at the University of Liverpool, England in 1881. It was one of the original endowments of the University, funded by William Rathbone and his brothers Samuel and Phillip Rathbone. The early history of the chair was as follows: King Alfred Chair of Modern History and Literature, 1881–82; Modern Literature and History, 1882-1884; Modern Literature and English Language, 1884-1900.

William Rathbone VI
William Rathbone VI (11 February 1819 – 6 March 1902) was an English merchant and businessman noted for his philanthropic and public work. He was also a Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1868 and 1895.
Carex athrostachya
Carex athrostachya is a species of sedge known by the common name slenderbeak sedge. It is native to western North America, including Alaska to central Canada, the western contiguous United States, and just into Baja California.

Baja California peninsula
The Baja California peninsula (Spanish: Península de Baja California, lit. 'Lower California peninsula') is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. It separates the Gulf of California from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south.

With a length of 1,247 km (775 miles), its width ranges from 40 km (25 miles) at its narrowest to 320 km (200 miles) at its widest point and has approximately 3,000 km (1,900 miles) of coastline and approximately 65 islands. The total area of the Baja California peninsula is 143,390 km2 (55,360 sq mi).

The peninsula is separated from mainland Mexico by the Gulf of California and the Colorado River. There are four main desert areas on the peninsula: the San Felipe Desert, the Central Coast Desert, the Vizcaíno Desert, and the Magdalena Plain Desert.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Falls Church, Virginia
This list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Falls Church, Virginia, includes six properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places, including one National Historic Landmark, in the independent city of Falls Church, Virginia, United States.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted June 20, 2025.

Independent city (United States)
In the United States, an independent city is a city that is not in the territory of any county or counties and is considered a primary administrative division of its state. Independent cities are classified by the United States Census Bureau as "county equivalents" and may also have similar governmental powers to a consolidated city-county or a unitary authority. However, in the case of a consolidated city-county, a city and a county were merged into a unified jurisdiction in which the county at least nominally exists to this day, whereas an independent city was legally separated from any county or merged with a county that simultaneously ceased to exist even in name.

Of the 41 independent U.S. cities, 38 are in Virginia, whose state constitution makes them a special case. The three independent cities outside Virginia are Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; and Carson City, Nevada. Baltimore is the most populous independent city in the United States.
Lounge On The Farm
Lounge On The Farm was a music festival held annually at Merton Farm, Canterbury, Kent, which attracted thousands of visitors each year. It was conceived and organised primarily by four figures from the vibrant local music scene; Shaun (the vision), Vic (the brains), Matt (the promotion), and Ian (the production).  Organisers presented it as ‘non-conformist’ and promoted bands and produce from Kent as well as acts with a great reputation for live performances from further afield. The event was held in the nine years from 2006 to 2015, before being ‘shelved’. As of 2024, it has yet to return.

Sonny J
Sonny J, short for Sonnington James III, is an English electronic musician from Liverpool.

His debut single, "Can't Stop Moving", was brought out by Stateside Records in 2007. The track has been used frequently as background music on the X Factor and Britain's Got Talent. His second and third singles, "Enfant Terrible" and "Handsfree (If You Hold My Hand)" featuring Donna Hightower, were released on 9 June 2008, followed by his debut album Disastro the week after, on 16 June.

Sonny J was propelled into the mainstream music scene when a fan published a viral video, featuring The Jackson 5, on several well-known websites, before a demo version of "Can't Stop Moving" was played on BBC Radio 1. In September 2008, the song was re-issued with a remix by Mirwais Ahmadzaï, which gave Sonny J his first top 40 hit when it peaked at No. 40 in the UK Singles Chart. He was a member of the band Groundhog.
To Love a Child
"To Love a Child" is a 1982 popular song composed by Joe Raposo with lyrics by Hal David. It was released as a single by Frank Sinatra.  "To Love a Child" was arranged by Don Costa and featured Costa's daughter, Nikka Costa, on backing vocals.

"To Love a Child" was the theme song for the Foster Grandparents program initiated by Nancy Reagan in 1982, and was performed by Reagan and Sinatra at the program's White House launch. All profits from the song and Nancy Reagan's book about the program went to the Foster Grandparents program.

Nikka Costa
Domenica "Nikka" Costa (born June 4, 1972) is an American singer whose music combines elements of pop, soul, and blues. She began her career as a child singer in the early 1980s. She is the daughter of music producer Don Costa.
Ufa electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917)
The Ufa electoral district (Russian: Уфимский избирательный округ) was a constituency created for the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election.

The electoral district covered the Ufa Governorate. Ufa was a multinational constituency. List 1, the 'Federalists-Bashkirs' (fielded by the Ufa Governorate Secretariat of the Bashkir Central Council), was headed by Ahmet-Zaki Ahmetšachovič Validov. The SR list was dominated by leftist elements.

In the Ust-Katav volost (hosting the Ust-Katav Wagon-Building Plant), out of 5,062 votes cast, 4,222 votes went to the Bolshevik list and 750 to the SR list. In the Zlatoust uezd, the Bashkir Federalist list obtained 58.2% of the vote, in the Sterlitamak uezd they obtained 50.8% of the vote.

Zlatoust
Zlatoust (Russian: Златоуст; IPA: [zlətɐˈust]; Bashkir: Алтынтамаҡ, Altıntamaq) is a city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Ay River (in the Kama basin), 160 kilometers (99 mi) west of Chelyabinsk. It is best known for its Historic Arms and Metallurgy industry.
Martín Alonso Pinzón
Martín Alonso Pinzón, (Spanish pronunciation: [maɾˈtin aˈlonso pinˈθon]; Palos de la Frontera, Huelva; c. 1441 – c. 1493) was a Spanish mariner, shipbuilder, navigator and explorer, oldest of the Pinzón brothers. He sailed with Christopher Columbus on his first voyage to the New World in 1492, as captain of the Pinta. His youngest brother Vicente Yáñez Pinzón was captain of the Niña, and the middle brother Francisco Martín Pinzón was maestre (first mate) of the Pinta.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Mamy Tiana Télésphore Gérard Ravelonanosy
Mamy Tiana Télésphore Gérard Ravelonanosy is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party in the 2007 Malagasy parliamentary elections. He was reelected in 2014 but lost his seat as a deputy in  2019. He represents the constituency of Ankazobe.

Tiako i Madagasikara
Tiako I Madagasikara (TIM, lit. 'I Love Madagascar'; French: J'aime Madagascar) is a political party in Madagascar founded on July 3, 2002, to support President Marc Ravalomanana. After the parliamentary election held on September 23, 2007, it was the largest party in the National Assembly of Madagascar, with 106 of 127 seats. The party is located in MAGRO Ankorondrano, Antananarivo. Ravalomanana was re-elected with 55.79% in the December 2006 presidential election.

Solofonantenaina Razoarimihaja was the President of TIM from 2002 to 2007. On October 12, 2007, he was succeeded by Yvan Randriasandratriniony, who became the Interim National President. Randriasandratriniony was officially elected as President of TIM on May 21, 2008, at the party's second national congress. Rina Randriamasinoro was the party's Secretary-General in 2023.

Ravalomanana led his personal movement in the 2013, 2018, and 2023 presidential elections.
Ier
The Ier or Eriu (Hungarian: Ér) is a right tributary of the river Barcău (Berettyó) in Romania and Hungary. It discharges into the Barcău in Pocsaj. The Andrid Dam is constructed on this river. The Ier flows through the villages Mihăieni, Eriu-Sâncrai, Ghirolt, Rădulești, Hotoan, Sudurău, Dindești, Andrid, Sălacea, Cherechiu, Săcueni, Diosig in Romania, and Pocsaj in Hungary. In Romania, its length is 100 km (62 mi) and its basin size is 1,392 km2 (537 sq mi).

Cherechiu
Cherechiu (Hungarian: Kiskereki) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 2,248 as of 2021. It is composed of three villages: Cherechiu, Cheșereu (Érkeserű), and Târgușor (Asszonyvására).

The commune is situated at an altitude of 107 m (351 ft), on the banks of the river Sânnicolau. It is located in the northern part of Bihor County, 22 km (14 mi) west of the city of Marghita and 48 km (30 mi) north of the county seat, Oradea.
Manyoni District
Manyoni District is one of the six districts in the Singida Region of Tanzania.  The district capital is the town of Manyoni.  The district is bordered to the north by the Ikungi District, to the east by the Dodoma Region, to the south by the Iringa Region, to the southwest by the Mbeya Region and to the west by the Itigi District. In 2015 the Itigi District was created from the Manyoni District, separating the Itigi Division that was the large portion of the south western of the district.

According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Manyoni District was 279,069.

As of 2016 the district commissioner of the Manyoni district was Rahabu Mwagisa Solomon.

Iringa Region
Iringa Region (Mkoa wa Iringa in Swahili)  is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,503 km2 (13,708 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Guinea Bissau. Iringa Region is bordered to the east by Morogoro Region and south by Njombe Region. On the west the region is bordered by Mbeya Region. Dodoma Region and Singida Region border Iringa on the north. The regional capital is the city Iringa for which the city is named after. According to the 2022 census, the region has a total population of 1,192,728. Iringa Region is home to Ruaha National Park, Tanzania's second national largest park.
1997 Davidoff Swiss Indoors – Doubles
Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Daniel Vacek were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Karsten Braasch and Jim Grabb.

Tim Henman and Marc Rosset won the title by defeating Braasch and Grabb 7–6, 6–7, 7–6 in the final.

Marc Rosset
Marc Rosset  (French: [maʁk ʁɔsɛ]; born 7 November 1970) is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He is best known for winning the men's singles gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He also won a major doubles title, at the French Open in 1992 partnering compatriot Jakob Hlasek. Rosset's career-high ATP singles ranking was world No. 9, and his career-high doubles ranking was No. 8. He won a total of 15 top-level singles titles and eight doubles titles. He won at least one singles title on all surfaces: clay, grass, carpet, and hardcourt.
Comb Sister
Comb Sisters, also known as Self-comb Women (自梳女; zìshūnǚ; zi6so1neoi5-2), are a group of women who set up their own hairstyle in a way that resembles that of married women. This is seen as a demonstration of their determination to remain single for the rest of their lives.

Traditionally, Han women from the Pearl River delta (such as Guangzhou and Heyuan cities) in the Qing dynasty wore their hair in long braids before getting married. When a woman got married, the elder women in the family would help comb her braid into a bun. However, the comb sisters would do so on their own as a declaration of not getting married and asserting their self-reliance.

Heyuan
Heyuan (Chinese: 河源; Jyutping: ho4 jyun4, Hakka: Fò-Ngiàn) is a prefecture-level city of Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,837,686 whom 1,051,993 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Yuancheng urban District and Dongyuan County largely being urbanized. Zijin County itself is quickly being conurbated in the agglomeration. The majority of the people are Hakka.
The city includes many rainforests and the largest lake in Guangdong: Xinfengjiang Reservoir. The literal meaning of the city's name is "origin of the river". It has recently been officially titled as the "Hometown of the Dinosaur in China", due to the thousands of dinosaur egg fossils that have been unearthed in its vicinity.
Josh MacNevin
Josh MacNevin (born July 14, 1977) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman.  He was selected by the New Jersey Devils in the fourth round (101st overall) of the 1996 NHL Entry Draft.

In his early career, MacNevin played for various minor league teams beginning with ten games for the Albany River Rats of the AHL in 1999. He later spent time in the ECHL before moving to Europe in 2001, where he began his European career in Italy for the team Fassa Falcons. MacNevin has also played one season in ERC Ingolstadt of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) and two seasons in Växjö Lakers Hockey of the HockeyAllsvenskan. He signed to a one-year contract with AIK in 2010, which will expire after the 2010–11 Elitserien season. He was, however, lent out by AIK to HPK of the Finnish SM-liiga for a few games during the beginning of the season, for taxation reasons.  He is currently an assistant coach with the Lethbridge Hurricanes of the Western Hockey League.

Lethbridge Hurricanes
The Lethbridge Hurricanes are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Lethbridge, Alberta. The Hurricanes play in the Central Division of the Western Hockey League's Eastern Conference, and play their home games at the VisitLethbridge.com Arena. The team replaced Lethbridge's first major junior team, the Broncos, who played in the city from 1974 to 1986. When that team relocated to Swift Current, Saskatchewan, the city acquired the Calgary Wranglers franchise and the Hurricanes began play in 1987.
Maria Kiwanuka
Maria Kiwanuka (born 12 May, 1955) is a Ugandan economist, businesswoman and politician who served as Minister of Finance in the Cabinet of Uganda from 27 May 2011 to 1 March 2015. Since 2015 she has been Senior Advisor to the President of Uganda on financial matters, responsible for the Bretton Woods Institutions.

President of Uganda
The president of the Republic of Uganda is the head of state and the head of government of Uganda. The president leads the executive branch of the government of Uganda and is the commander-in-chief of the Uganda People's Defence Force.
Chawpi Hanka (Ancash-Huánuco)
Chawpi Hanka (Quechua chawpi central, middle, hanka snowcapped ridge or peak; ice, "central ridge (or peak)", Hispanicized spelling Chaupijanca) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 m (15,748 ft) high. It is situated in the Ancash Region, Bolognesi Province, in the districts of Huallanca and Huasta, and the Huánuco Region Lauricocha Province, Queropalca District. It lies on a ridge north of the Waywash mountain range.

Department of Ancash
Ancash (Quechua: Anqash; Spanish: Áncash pronounced [ˈaŋkaʃ]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's west, it is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, and its largest city and port is Chimbote.
Brąszewice
Brąszewice [brɔ̃ʂɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Brąszewice. It lies approximately 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Sieradz and 78 km (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz
Sieradz [ˈɕɛrat͡s] ⓘ (Latin: Siradia) is a city on the Warta river in central Poland with 40,891 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of the Sieradz County, situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Sieradz is a capital of the historical Sieradz Land.

Sieradz is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It was an important city of medieval Poland, thrice being a location for the election of the Polish monarchs. Polish Kings chaired six assemblies from here. Historically, it was the capital of the Duchy of Sieradz (1263-1339), Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793), and Sieradz Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is located on the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok.
Zheleznodorozhnaya Kazarma 538 km
Zheleznodorozhnaya Kazarma 538 km (Russian: Железнодорожная Казарма 538 км) is a rural locality (a station) in Vesyoloyarsky Selsoviet, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 16 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

Rubtsovsky District
Rubtsovsky District (Russian: Рубцо́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 3,339 square kilometers (1,289 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Rubtsovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:  24,556 (2010 census); 26,407 (2002 census); 26,060 (1989 Soviet census).
Patrick Murphy (Irish politician)
Patrick Stephen Murphy (13 May 1889 – 1 May 1968) was an Irish politician and solicitor. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork East constituency at the 1932 general election. He was re-elected at the 1933 general election but lost his seat at the 1937 general election.

1933 Irish general election
The 1933 Irish general election to the 8th Dáil was held on Tuesday, 24 January following the dissolution of the 7th Dáil on 2 January by Governor-General Domhnall Ua Buachalla on the advice of the Executive Council. The general election took place in 30 parliamentary constituencies throughout the Irish Free State for 153 seats in Dáil Éireann.

The 8th Dáil met at Leinster House on 8 February to nominate the President and Executive Council of the Irish Free State for appointment by the Governor-General. Outgoing president Éamon de Valera was re-appointed leading a Fianna Fáil government, which fell one seat short of an overall majority.
Labeo sp. nov. 'Mzima'
Labeo sp. nov. 'Mzima' is a formally undescribed species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, found only in springs in the Mzima Springs in Tsavo, Kenya. While lacking published information, it has been listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Turbidite Hill
Turbidite Hill (82°1′S 157°45′E﻿ / ﻿82.017°S 157.750°E﻿ / -82.017; 157.750) is a low nunatak that lies four nautical miles (7 km) east of Laird Plateau on the north side of Olson Neve in Antarctica. It was mapped by the Holyoake, Cobham and Queen Elizabeth Ranges party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) (1964–65). It was named after sedimentary features, called turbidites, which were reportedly found in sedimentary rocks of the Beacon Supergroup which forms the summit of this hill.

Olson Névé
Olson Névé (82°07′00″S 158°00′00″E﻿ / ﻿82.11667°S 158.00000°E﻿ / -82.11667; 158.00000) is a névé on the northwest side of the Cobham Range, which nourishes the Lucy and Prince Philip Glaciers, in the Churchill Mountains, Antarctica. It was mapped by the Holyoake, Cobham and Queen Elizabeth Ranges party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1964-1965), and named for Lieutenant Dennis A. Olson, United States Navy, who flew the New Zealand party to the névé and supported it during the summer season.  The feature is incorrectly identified as "Olsen Névé" on some maps of the late 1960s.
Asteria Regio
Asteria Regio is a geological region on the planet Venus, located in the northern hemisphere near the western portion of the Ishtar Terra highlands and bordered on the southeast by Phoebe Regio.

Located in the Hecate Chasma (v28) quadrangle, it lies approximately between 26.1°N 263.5ºE and 17.1ºN 271.5º. The region spans 1131 kilometers in diameter and is named after Asteria, a figure from Greek mythology associated with the stars and prophetic dreams.

Asteria Regio is characterized by complex tectonic and volcanic features, including fractures, ridges, and lava plains. The region's morphology suggests significant geological activity in Venus's past, likely related to mantle upwelling or lithospheric deformation.

The surface of Asteria Regio has been mapped in detail by radar imaging, particularly by NASA’s Magellan mission (1990–1994), which provided high-resolution data for Venus's surface despite its dense cloud cover.

Fracture (geology)
A fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides the rock into two or more pieces.  A fracture will sometimes form a deep fissure or crevice in the rock.  Fractures are commonly caused by stress exceeding the rock strength, causing the rock to lose cohesion along its weakest plane. Fractures can provide permeability for fluid movement, such as water or hydrocarbons. Highly fractured rocks can make good aquifers or hydrocarbon reservoirs, since they may possess both significant permeability and fracture porosity.