hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Van Dyke brown (printing)
Van Dyke brown is a printing process named after Anthony van Dyck.

It involves coating a canvas with ferric ammonium citrate, tartaric acid, and silver nitrate, then exposing it to ultraviolet light. The canvas can be washed with water, and hypo to keep the solutions in place.  The image created has a Van Dyke brown color when it's completed, and unlike other printing methods, does not require a darkroom.

The Van Dyke brown process was patented in Germany in 1895 by Arndt and Troost. It was originally called many different names, such as sepia print or brown print. It has even been called kallitype, however that process uses ferric oxalate instead of ferric ammonium citrate.

Concerns have been voiced about the archival qualities of the Van Dyke brown print due to the fact that many early Van Dyke brown prints did not last long. However, if properly processed, Van Dyke brown prints should last as long as any other silver process.

Silver nitrate
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula AgNO3. It is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides. It was once called lunar caustic because silver was called luna by ancient alchemists who associated silver with the moon. In solid silver nitrate, the silver ions are three-coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement.
Józef Rymer
Józef Rymer (1882–1922) was a Polish and Silesian activist and politician.

Rymer was born in Zabełków on February 2, 1882. Before the First World War he was an activist in the Zjednoczenie Zawodowe Polskie (Polish Union of Unions), a Polish labor union organization in Imperial Germany (see also German partition). He was also a member of the Naczelna Rada Ludowa (pro-endecja) Polish political organization in Germany. He was the target of assaults and even an assassination attempt by nationalist German extremists (Freikorps); eventually he became one of the leaders of the Silesian Uprisings. Elected to the Polish parliament (Sejm), he also became the first voivode of the Silesian Voivodeship in June 1922. On December 5 that year, he died of a stroke and was buried at the Francuska Street Cemetery in Katowice.

Prussian Partition
The Prussian Partition (Polish: Zabór pruski),  or Prussian Poland, is the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired during the Partitions of Poland, in the late 18th century by the Kingdom of Prussia. The Prussian acquisition amounted to 141,400 km2 (54,600 sq mi) of land constituting formerly western territory of the Commonwealth. The first partitioning led by imperial Russia with Prussian participation took place in 1772; the second in 1793, and the third in 1795, resulting in Poland's elimination as a state for the next 123 years.
Roland McLenahan
Roland Joseph "Rollie" McLenahan (October 26, 1921 – April 23, 1984) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. He played 8 games in the National Hockey League for the Detroit Red Wings during the 1945–46 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1941 to 1957, was spent in the minor leagues.

McLenahan was a member of the AHL First All Star Team in 1950, and a member of the IHL First All-Star Team in 1954, 1955, and 1956. He retired from playing hockey following the 1956–1957 season.

Bass River, Kent County
46°32′40″N 65°06′49″W﻿ / ﻿46.54434°N 65.113478°W﻿ / 46.54434; -65.113478

Bass River is a small farming and forestry community located in Weldford Parish, New Brunswick that developed around the Bass River, a tributary of the Richibucto River.  Bass River is located on the intersection of Route 116 and Route 490.
Eastern Berks Gateway Railroad
The Eastern Berks Gateway Railroad (reporting mark EBG) is a short-line railroad located in Boyertown, Pennsylvania, it runs from Boyertown south to Pottstown over the Colebrookdale branch, where it interchanges with the Norfolk Southern Railway. The railroad was operated by U.S. Rail Partners until 2013, when the Colebrookdale Railroad Preservation Trust took over.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans
Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans is an extremely thermophilic anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that has the interesting property of producing hydrogen as a waste product while feeding on carbon monoxide and water.  It also forms endospores.

It was isolated from a hot spring on the Russian volcanic island of Kunashir by Svetlichny et al. in 1991. Its complete genome was sequenced in 2005 by a team of scientists of the Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR).

According to TIGR evolutionary biologist Jonathan Eisen, "C. hydrogenoformans is one of the fastest-growing microbes that can convert water and carbon monoxide to hydrogen." The microbe owes this to the fact that it has at least five different forms of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.

Kunashir
Kunashir (Russian: Кунаши́р, romanized: Kunashír) or Kunashiri (Japanese: 国後島, Hepburn: Kunashiri-tō) is the southernmost island of the Kuril Islands. The island has been under Russian administration since the end of World War II, when Soviet forces took possession of the Kurils. It is claimed by Japan as part of its "Northern Territories".
El Gran Show season 1
Season one of the 2010 edition of El Gran Show premiered on April 15, 2010.

On August 7, 2010, Gisela Ponce de León and her dreamer Rayder Vásquez became champions of the season, fulfilling the dream of helping Grace, a woman from Ica with a congenital disease. Jesús Neyra and Cindy Tello finished second, while Maricarmen Marín and Diego Alza were third.

Ica, Peru
Ica (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈika]) (Quechua: Ika) is a city and the capital of the Department of Ica in southern Peru. While the area was long inhabited by varying cultures of indigenous peoples, the Spanish conquistador Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera claimed its founding in 1563.

As of the 2017 census, it had a population of over 282,407. The city suffered extensive damage and loss of life during the 2007 Peru earthquake.
Morgantown, Maryland
Morgantown is an unincorporated community in Charles County, Maryland, United States. It lies south of the Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge on the Potomac River at Lower Cedar Point. Morgantown is known for the Mirant Morgantown Generating Station smokestacks. The community had ferryboat service to Potomac Beach in Virginia before the present bridge opened in 1940. Waverley was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. In 2007, a controversial coal barge loading facility was under construction at the power plant on Popes Creek.

Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge
The Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial/Senator Thomas "Mac" Middleton Bridge, also known as the Potomac River Bridge, is a 1.7-mile (2.7 km), four-lane bridge that spans the Potomac River between Newburg in Charles County, Maryland, and Dahlgren in King George County, Virginia, United States. It is one of eight toll facilities operated by the Maryland Transportation Authority, and is one of two toll bridges over the Potomac River. The other, the privately owned Oldtown Low Water Toll Bridge, connects Maryland and West Virginia, far upstream. The new Nice Bridge opened to traffic in October 2022. Demolition of the original bridge began on March 21, 2023.
Richmond Bluebirds
The Richmond Bluebirds were a minor league baseball team based in Richmond, Virginia. Between 1895 and 1901, the Bluebirds played as members of the Virginia League in 1895 and 1896, Atlantic League from 1897 to 1899, Virginia League in 1900 and Virginia-North Carolina League in 1901. The Bluebirds won league championships in 1895, 1896, 1898 and 1899, all while playing under manager Jake Wells.

Baseball Hall of Fame member Jack Chesbro played for the Richmond Blue Birds from 1897 to 1899.

The Bluebirds were succeeded by the 1906 Richmond Colts, who began play in the Virginia League. Today, the Richmond Flying Squirrels play as members of the Double-A Northeast League.

The team was also occasionally nicknamed the "Cherubs" by papers in their time.

Cherub
A cherub (/ˈtʃɛrəb/; pl.: cherubim; Hebrew: כְּרוּב kərūḇ, pl. כְּרוּבִים kərūḇīm) is one type of supernatural being in the Abrahamic religions. The numerous depictions of cherubim assign to them many different roles, such as protecting the entrance of the Garden of Eden.
Chittaranjan
Chittaranjan is a census town in the Salanpur CD block in the Asansol Sadar subdivision of Paschim Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India. The Chittaranjan Locomotive Works are situated there.

The town of Chittaranjan was featured in the final episode of BBC's The Great Indian Railway Journeys, which aired on 10 April 2018. The episode highlighted the management of Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) and the significance of this town.

Great Indian Railway Journeys
Great Indian Railway Journeys is a British television documentary series presented by Michael Portillo, in which he travels on the railway networks of India, referring to a 1913 copy of Bradshaw’s Handbook of Indian, Foreign And Colonial Travel, as he visits various destinations throughout India.
Apterichtus moseri
Apterichtus moseri is a species of snake eel native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean where it is only known from Suruga Bay and the Kumano-nada Sea in Japan.  It occurs at depths of from 111 to 114 metres (364 to 374 ft).  This species has been recorded as reaching 5 centimetres (2.0 in) TL for a female specimen.

Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes, commonly known as the snake eels. The term "Ophichthidae" comes from Greek ophis ("serpent") and ichthys ("fish"). Snake eels are also burrowing eels.  They are named for their physical appearance, as they have long, cylindrical, snake-like bodies. This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from coastal shallows and even rivers, to depths below 800 m (2,600 ft). Most species are bottom dwellers, hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish, but some are pelagic.

These species range in total length from 5 cm (2.0 in) to 2.3 m (7.5 ft) or more. Many species lack fins altogether, improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms. They are often spotted or striped in colour, mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators. Often, they are washed ashore by large storms.
Mandritsaria
Mandritsaria is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:

Mandritsaria ambositrensis Descarpentries, 1968

Mandritsaria antamponensis Descarpentries, 1968

Mandritsaria catalai Descarpentries, 1968

Mandritsaria inaequalis (Gory & Laporte, 1839)

Mandritsaria payrierasi Descarpentries, 1968

Mandritsaria sicardi Descarpentries, 1968

Mandritsaria vadoni Descarpentries, 1968

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
Pitkin County, Colorado
Pitkin County is a county in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,358. The county seat and largest city is Aspen. The county is named for Colorado Governor Frederick Walker Pitkin. Pitkin County is included in the Glenwood Springs Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Edwards-Glenwood Springs Combined Statistical Area.

Edwards, Colorado
Edwards is an unincorporated town, a post office, and a census-designated place (CDP) located in and governed by Eagle County, Colorado, United States. Despite being an unincorporated community, Edwards is the principal community of the Edwards, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area and the Edwards-Rifle, CO Combined Statistical Area. The Edwards post office has the ZIP Code 81632. At the United States Census 2020, the population of the Edwards CDP was 11,246. The Edwards Metropolitan District provides services.
Pirate metal
Pirate metal is a style of heavy metal music characterized by its incorporation of pirate mythology within the music and sometimes in stage performances. Lyrics often use piratical jargon and various musical genres, such as thrash metal, speed metal, and folk metal, may be combined with traditional-sounding songs like sea shanties. Folk instruments, such as the concertina, accordion, tin whistle, or steel drums, can be incorporated or emulated with synthesizers. Band members often dress up in period costume during performances, and concert attendees may do so as well. Pirate metal is sometimes referred to by the media as a music scene.

Tin whistle
The tin whistle, also known as the penny whistle, is a simple six-holed woodwind instrument. It is a type of fipple flute, a class of instrument which also includes the recorder and Native American flute. A tin whistle player is called a whistler. The tin whistle is closely associated with Irish traditional music and Celtic music. Other names for the instrument are the flageolet, English flageolet, Scottish penny whistle, tin flageolet, or Irish whistle (also Irish: feadóg stáin or feadóg).
Foldase
In molecular biology, foldases are a particular kind of molecular chaperones that assist the non-covalent folding of proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. Examples of foldase systems are the GroEL/GroES and the DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE system.

GroES
Heat shock 10 kDa protein 1 (Hsp10), also known as chaperonin 10 (cpn10) or early-pregnancy factor (EPF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPE1 gene.  The homolog in E. coli is GroES that is a chaperonin which usually works in conjunction with GroEL.
Greg Clarke (rugby league)
Greg Clarke is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s. He played for Illawarra and South Sydney in the NSWRL/ARL competition. Clarke also played for Halifax in the Super League

Halifax Panthers
The Halifax Panthers are a professional rugby league club in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at The Shay and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Halifax Panthers won the League Championship four times and the Challenge Cup five times.

The club's parent company, Halifax Rugby League Football Club Limited, was placed into liquidation in February 2026 and the club's membership of the Rugby Football League terminated two days later.

They had rivalries with neighbours Bradford and Huddersfield of Super League, fellow Championship side Featherstone Rovers, and Pennines rivals Oldham and  Rochdale. The club's traditional home colours were blue and white hoops, white shorts, and blue and white socks.
Chantal Kaboré-Zoungrana
Chantal Yvette Kaboré-Zoungrana (née Kaboré) is a Burkinabé animal nutritionist and biosecurity expert. She is a professor at the University of Ouagadougou and former head of the national Burkina Faso National Biosafety Agency (Agence Nationale de la Biosécurité).

Biosecurity
Biosecurity refers to measures aimed at preventing the introduction or spread of harmful organisms (e.g. viruses, bacteria, plants, animals etc.) intentionally or unintentionally outside their native range or within new environments. In agriculture, these measures are aimed at protecting food crops and livestock from pests, invasive species, and other organisms not conducive to the welfare of the human population. The term includes biological threats to people, including those from pandemic diseases and bioterrorism. The definition has sometimes been broadened to embrace other concepts, and it is used for different purposes in different contexts.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a recent example of a threat for which biosecurity measures have been needed in all countries of the world.
Grater cake
Grater cake is a dessert of grated coconut in a fondant of sugar in Jamaican cuisine. While refined, or white sugar, is now often used, when "wet" or "new" brown sugar was used, it was known as grater brute.

Brown sugar
Brown sugar is a sucrose sugar product with a distinctive brown color due to the presence of molasses. It is either an unrefined or partially refined soft sugar consisting of sugar crystals with some residual molasses content, or produced by the addition of molasses to refined white sugar. Brown sugar is 98% carbohydrates (95% as sucrose), containing no dietary fiber or fat, and negligible protein and micronutrient content.
Donornomics
Donornomics is a neologism introduced by Ukrainian economist and banker Kyrylo Shevchenko to describe the economic model of Ukraine during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. The term highlights the dependence of the national economy on external financial assistance from donors, primarily international partners such as the United States, the European Union (EU) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), instead of traditional mechanisms of value creation through reforms, investments and the domestic market.

Economic model
An economic model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them. The economic model is a simplified, often mathematical, framework designed to illustrate complex processes. Frequently, economic models posit structural parameters. A model may have various exogenous variables, and those variables may change to create various responses by economic variables. Methodological uses of models include investigation, theorizing, and fitting theories to the world.
Marcuise Marak
Marcuise N. Marak (born 3 April 1968) is an Indian politician from Meghalaya. He is a member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly from Williamnagar Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in East Garo Hills district. He won the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election representing the National People's Party (India). He is serving as Minister of Housing Department, Public Health Engineering Department and Soil & Water Conservation Department in Conrad Sangma ministry from 7 March 2023.

2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Meghalaya on 27 February 2023 to elect all 60 members of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 2 March 2023. The ruling NPP emerged as the single largest party and won 26 seats. It formed a government under the MDA.
Mohamed Babiker Yagoub
Mohamed Babiker Yagoub (born 2 September 1977) is a Sudanese middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Yagoub, who is an ethnic Fur and native of Darfur, has a nephew named Waleed Suliman currently running for the University of Mississippi.

Fur people
The Fur (Fur: fòòrà, Arabic: فور Fūr) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting Darfur in the western Sudan, where they are the largest ethnic group. They speak the Fur language, which belongs to the Nilo-Saharan family. Muslim cattle herders and farmers, they have been displaced and attacked in ethnic conflicts. Darfur means home of the Fur.
Greenfoot Quarry
Greenfoot Quarry is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Wear Valley district of west County Durham, England. It is a disused quarry in the Wear valley, 1 km upstream from the village of Stanhope.

The site has national geological importance for its exposures of the Little Whin Sill; there are other exposures in the bed of the Wear near the quarry, but none shows so complete of an exposure as Greenfoot Quarry. At the western end of the quarry is a unique exposure that displays columnar jointing in the sill with limestone exposed above and below the intrusion.

River Wear
The River Wear (/ˈwɪər/ ⓘ, WEER) in Northern England rises in the Pennines and flows eastwards, mostly through County Durham, to the North Sea in the City of Sunderland. At 60 mi (97 km) long, it is one of the region's longest rivers. The Wear wends in a steep valley through the cathedral city of Durham and gives its name to Weardale in its upper reach and Wearside by its mouth.
Spellbound (1945 film)
Spellbound is a 1945 American psychological thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, and starring Ingrid Bergman, Gregory Peck, Michael Chekhov, and Leo G. Carroll. It follows a psychoanalyst who falls in love with the new head of the Vermont hospital in which she works. Although the  film is based on the 1927 novel The House of Dr. Edwardes by Hilary Saint George Saunders and John Palmer, the plots are dramatically different.

Filming of Spellbound took place in the summer of 1944 in Vermont, Utah, and Los Angeles. Spellbound was released theatrically in New York City on Halloween 1945, after which its U.S. release expanded on December 28, 1945. The film received favorable reviews from critics and was a major box-office success, grossing $6.4 million in the United States, and breaking ticket sales records in London. The film was nominated for six Academy Awards, including for Best Picture and Best Director, and won in the category of Best Original Score.

Academy Award for Best Picture
The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards (also known as Oscars) presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) since the awards debuted in 1929. This award goes to the producers of the film and is the only category in which every member of the Academy is eligible to submit a nomination and vote on the final ballot. The Best Picture category is traditionally the final award of the night and is widely considered the most prestigious honor of the ceremony.

The Grand Staircase columns at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, where the Academy Awards ceremonies have been held since 2002, showcase every film that has won the Best Picture title since the award's inception. There have been 621 films nominated for Best Picture and 97 winners.