hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Assistance Formation
The Assistance Formation is a geologic formation located on Devon Island and Ellesmere Island in Nunavut. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period. The formation rides along the southeastern edges of the Sverdrup Basin, as well as on Melville Island and Grinnell Peninsula.

Melville Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)
Melville Island (French: île Melville; Inuktitut: ᐃᓗᓪᓕᖅ, Ilulliq) is an uninhabited member of the Queen Elizabeth Islands of the Arctic Archipelago. With an area of 42,149 km2 (16,274 sq mi), it is the 33rd largest island in the world and Canada's eighth largest island.

Mountains on Melville Island, some of the largest in the western Canadian Arctic, reach heights of 750 m (2,460 ft).

Melville Island is shared by the Northwest Territories, which is responsible for the western half of the island, and Nunavut, which is responsible for most of the eastern half.  The border runs along the 110th meridian west. The eastern half of the island contains two subnational pene-exclaves that lie west of the 110th meridian and form part of the Northwest Territories. These can be reached by land only from Nunavut.
Dwaine Wilson
Dwaine Wilson (June 11, 1960 – April 12, 2008) was an American player of gridiron football, a running back during a brief Canadian Football League (CFL) career.

A graduate of Idaho State University in Pocatello, Idaho, he played two seasons for the Montreal Concordes (part of the Montreal Alouettes franchise history). In 1984, he played 16 games and in 1985 he played 13 games.

In 1984, he rushed 226 times for 1083 yards, which won him all-star accolades and CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award. In 1985, his production fell off to 435 yards rushing in his second and final CFL season.

Wilson drowned on April 12, 2008, while boating with friends at Lake Elsinore, California.

CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award
The Most Outstanding Rookie Award is annually awarded to the player judged to be the best player in his first year in the Canadian Football League. The two nominees for the award are the Frank M. Gibson Trophy winner from the East Division, and the Jackie Parker Trophy winner from the West Division.
Jimmy Evans (politician)
James Harold Evans (March 28, 1939 – February 15, 2021) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the attorney general of Alabama from 1991 to 1995. He lost his reelection bid for a second term in 1994 to Jeff Sessions.

Evans was born in Montgomery, Alabama. He went to Huntingdon College and Auburn University. A graduate of the University of Alabama, Evans was also a lawyer in Montgomery, Alabama and a judge for Montgomery County, Alabama. He died of pneumonia and heart attack.

Montgomery County, Alabama
Montgomery County is a county located in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, its population was 228,954, making it the seventh-most populous county in Alabama. Its county seat is Montgomery, the state capital. Montgomery County is included in the Montgomery metropolitan area.
Crystal cake
Crystal cake (Chinese: 水晶餠; pinyin: Shuǐjīng bǐng) is one of the traditional desserts in Weinan city of eastern Shaanxi, China. It has more than 800 years of history and was first invented in Xiagui during the Song dynasty, eventually spreading throughout the region. It gets its name from its filling, which is glittery and translucent, like a crystal.

The crust is made of wheat flour, starch, and oil; the filling is a mixture of granulated sugar, lard, and pounded rock candy, candied fruits and nuts.

In southern China, small pastries with a translucent crust made with wheat starch as a main component, and filled with sweet bean paste, are also called "crystal cake."

Rock candy
Rock candy or sugar candy, also called rock sugar or crystal sugar, is a type of confection composed of relatively large sugar crystals. In some parts of the world, local variations are called misri, nabat or navat.

This candy is formed by allowing a supersaturated solution of sugar and water to crystallize onto a surface suitable for crystal nucleation, such as a string, stick, or plain granulated sugar. Heating the water before adding the sugar allows more sugar to dissolve thus producing larger crystals. Crystals form after six to seven days.  Food coloring may be added to the mixture to produce colored candy.
Richard Sass
Richard Sass (1774 – 7 September 1849) (or Sasse) was an English landscape painter, etcher, and drawing master to royalty. He was the half brother of Henry Sass, the founder of Sass's Academy in London.

Sass exhibited at the Royal Academy in London from 1791 to 1813. He was appointed teacher in drawing to the Princess Charlotte, and later landscape painter to the Prince Regent. In 1825 he removed to Paris, where he spent the remainder of his life, altering his surname to "Sasse". He died there on 7 September 1849. He was survived by his wife Harriet (née Blake) who died in 1866, aged 76.

Sasse had some repute as a landscape-painter, especially in watercolours. In 1810 he published a series of etchings from picturesque scenery in Ireland, Scotland, and elsewhere.

Charlotte, Princess Royal
Charlotte, Princess Royal (Charlotte Augusta Matilda; 29 September 1766 – 6 October 1828), was Queen of Württemberg as the wife of King Frederick I. She was the eldest daughter and fourth child of George III of the United Kingdom and his wife, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
1993–94 Duleep Trophy
The 1993–94 Duleep Trophy was the 33rd season of the Duleep Trophy, a first-class cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone and West Zone.

North Zone won the title by finishing first on the points table.

East Zone cricket team
The East Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents eastern India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of six first-class Indian teams from eastern India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Assam, Bihar, Bengal (West Bengal), Jharkhand, Odisha and Tripura.

East Zone has won the Duleep Trophy twice in the 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons, as well as the Deodhar Trophy four times in the 1992/93, 1993/94, 1996/97 and 2003/04 seasons.
Sea Jet
Sea Jet, or Advanced Electric Ship Demonstrator (AESD), is a naval testbed funded by the U.S. Navy's Office of Naval Research. The 133-foot (41 m) vessel is operated out of the Carderock Division's Acoustic Research Detachment in Bayview, Idaho.

Sea Jet was operated on Lake Pend Oreille, where she was used for test and demonstration of various technologies. Among the first technologies tested was an underwater discharge water jet from Rolls-Royce Naval Marine, Inc., called AWJ-21, a propulsion concept with the goals of providing increased propulsive efficiency, reduced acoustic signature, and improved maneuverability over previous Destroyer Class combatants.

Sea Jet demonstrated a few technologies that were integrated into the Zumwalt-class destroyer. Notable among these is the use of the tumblehome hull design.

Acoustic signature
The term acoustic signature is used to describe a combination of acoustic emissions of sound emitters, such as those of ships and submarines. In addition, aircraft, machinery, and living animals can be described as having their own characteristic acoustic signatures or sound attributes, which can be used to study their condition, behavior, and physical location.
Pareulype berberata
Pareulype berberata, the barberry carpet moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Austrian lepidopterists, Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. The moth is found in Africa, Asia and Europe.

Lepidopterology
Lepidopterology (from Ancient Greek  λεπίδος (lepídos) 'scale'  πτερόν (pterón) 'wing' and  -λογία (-logia)) is a branch of entomology concerning the scientific study of moths and the two superfamilies of butterflies. Someone who studies in this field is a lepidopterist or, archaically, an aurelian.
Raymond Peters
Raymond Harry Peters (19 February 1918 – 15 July 1995) was Professor of Polymer and Fibre Science, University of Manchester, 1955-1984, then professor emeritus.

He was educated at Ilford County High School, King's College London and the University of Manchester.

He worked for Imperial Chemical Industries, 1941-1946 and 1949-1955.  After retirement, he was visiting professor at UMIST, 1984-1986 and the University of Strathclyde, 1984.  He was president of the Society of Dyers and Colourists, 1967-1968.

University of Strathclyde
The University of Strathclyde (Scottish Gaelic: Oilthigh Shrath Chluaidh) is a public research university located in Glasgow, Scotland. Founded in 1796 as the Andersonian Institute, it is Glasgow's second-oldest university, having received its royal charter in 1964 as the first technological university in the United Kingdom. Taking its name from the historic Kingdom of Strathclyde, its combined enrolment of 25,000 undergraduate and graduate students ranks it Scotland's third-largest university, drawn with its staff from over 100 countries.

The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £430.6 million of which £119.5 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £440.1 million.
Astronautics Corporation of America
Astronautics Corporation of America (ACA) was established in 1959 and is a US supplier, designer, and manufacturer of avionics equipment to airlines, governments, commercial and defense aircraft manufacturers, and other avionics systems integrators. Products are used for air, sea, ground, missile and space applications.  Over 150,000 aircraft have been equipped with Astronautics equipment. Astronautics products include electronic flight instrument systems, electronic flight bags, engine indicating and crew alerting systems, network server systems, multifunction displays, mission and display processors and systems, flight directors, flight control systems, inertial guidance systems, air data computers, and autopilots.

Flight controller
Flight controllers are personnel who aid space flight by working in mission control centers such as NASA's Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center or ESA's European Space Operations Centre. Flight controllers work at computer consoles and use telemetry to monitor various technical aspects of a space mission in real-time. Each controller is an expert in a specific area and constantly communicates with additional experts in the "back room". The flight director, who leads the flight controllers, monitors the activities of a team of flight controllers, and has overall responsibility for success and safety.
Cantalupo Ligure
Cantalupo Ligure is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Alessandria.

Cantalupo Ligure borders the following municipalities: Albera Ligure, Borghetto di Borbera, Dernice, Montacuto, Roccaforte Ligure, and Rocchetta Ligure.

Province of Alessandria
The province of Alessandria (Italian: provincia di Alessandria; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Lissandria; in Piedmontese of Alessandria: provinsa ëd Lissändria) is an province of the region of Piedmont in Italy. The capital is the city of Alessandria. It has a population of 407,029 across its 187 municipalities as of 2025.

With an area of 3,558.83 square kilometres (1,374.07 mi2) it is the third largest province of Piedmont after the province of Cuneo and the Metropolitan City of Turin. To the north it borders on the province of Vercelli and to the west on the Metropolitan City of Turin and the province of Asti. It shares its southern border with Liguria (province of Savona and the Metropolitan City of Genoa). Its south-east corner touches the Province of Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna, while to the east it borders on the Lombard province of Pavia.
Security Council of Abkhazia
The Security Council of Abkhazia (Russian: Совет Безопасности Республики Абхазия), abbreviated as the Sovbez of Abkhazia (Russian: Совбез Абхазии) is the highest national security decision-making body in the Government of Abkhazia, serving as an advisory body to the President of Abkhazia. The Security Council provides way for the implementation of the constitutional powers of the President given to him/her by the Constitution of Abkhazia. It is located at the buildings on 32 Mahadzhirov Embankment.

Stanislav Lakoba
Stanislav Lakoba (Abkhaz: Станислав Лакоба, Georgian: სტანისლავ ლაკობა; 23 February 1953 – 20 September 2025) was an academic and politician from Abkhazia. Lakoba was Sergei Bagapsh's vice-presidential candidate in the 2004 presidential election and from 2005 to 2009 and again from 2011 to 2013 he served as Secretary of the Security Council. He was Professor in Archeology, Ethnology and History at the Abkhazian State University.
Minister for Internal Affairs of Abkhazia
The Minister for Internal Affairs (Russian: министр внутренних дел Республики Абхазия) holds a ministerial position in the government of the Republic of Abkhazia. The post existed in the Soviet period within the Council of Ministers of the Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and since then has been occupied by 10 politicians, of whom three have occupied it twice. The current Minister is Aslan Kobakhia.

Sergei Bagapsh
Sergei Uasyl-ipa Bagapsh (4 March 1949 – 29 May 2011) was an Abkhaz politician who served as the second president of Abkhazia from 12 February 2005 until his death on 29 May 2011. He previously served as Prime Minister of Abkhazia from 1997 to 1999. He was re-elected in the 2009 presidential election. Bagapsh's term as prime minister included the 1998 war with Georgia, while he oversaw both the recognition of Abkhazia by Russia and the Russo-Georgian War during his presidency.
Don Gregorio (opera)
Don Gregorio is an 1826 opera by Gaetano Donizetti from a libretto by Jacopo Ferretti and adapted from his popular 1824 opera buffa L'ajo nell'imbarazzo (The Tutor Embarrassed), which had enjoyed considerable success when presented at the Teatro Valle in Rome on 4 February 1824.

When Francesco Tortoli was interested in producing it in Naples, it was determined that L'ajo nell'imbarazzo was unsuitable as it stood. Donizetti then signed a contract with Tortoli for 300 ducats to adapt it into a new opera, Don Gregorio, and to compose one further opera. For the adaptation, Donizetti composed some additional music, revised the recitatives into spoken dialogue, and translated the role of Don Gregorio into the Neapolitan dialect. The opera premiered at the Teatro Nuovo on 11 June 1826.

William Ashbrook
William Ashbrook (January 28, 1922 – March 31, 2009) was an American musicologist, writer, journalist, and academic. He was perhaps best noted as a historian, researcher and popularizer of the works of Italian opera composer Gaetano Donizetti.
1982 Israel Super Cup
The 1982 Israel Super Cup was the 12th Israel Super Cup (17th, including unofficial matches, as the competition wasn't played within the Israel Football Association in its first 5 editions, until 1969), an annual Israel football match played between the winners of the previous season's Top Division and Israel State Cup.

The match was played between Hapoel Kfar Saba, champions of the 1981–82 Liga Leumit and Hapoel Yehud, winners of the 1981–82 Israel State Cup.

This was Kfar Saba's 3rd Israel Super Cup appearance and Hapoel Yehud's first. At the match, played at Yehud, Hapoel Kfar Saba won 3–2 on penalties.

Yehud, Israel
Yehud (Hebrew: יְהוּד) is a city in the Central District of Israel that is part of the joint municipality of Yehud-Monosson. In 2007, the city's population stood at approximately 30,000 people (including Neve Monosson – see below).
John Cunningham (rugby league)
John Cunningham (born 3 March 1952) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played at representative level for England and Cumbria, and at club level for Roose ARL FC, Salford 'A', Barrow, Balmain Tigers, Hull Kingston Rovers, Workington Town, Cooma Stall ions (alongside Dane Carter), and Corporation Combine ARLFC (now Hindpool Tigers ARLFC of the North West Men's League) as a prop, second-row, or loose forward.

Roose
Roose or Roosecote is a suburb and ward of Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. The word 'roose' is Celtic for "moor" or "heath" and the suffix 'cote' of Roosecote means "hut" or "huts" (the word 'cottage' is derived from 'cote'). Before the building of Roose Cottages and the arrival of the Cornish miners Roose was pronounced with a hard S, as in goose; now it is locally pronounced 'Rooze', due to the Cornish accent. Roose is served by Roose railway station, one of the few remaining stations on the Furness Line in the Barrow area.

The ward of Roose also encompass the settlements of Rampside and Stank, as well as Piel Island and Roa Island, it extends as far north as Abbot's Wood Nature Reserve.

Whilst still an electoral ward for Barrow Town Council, the ward was combined at a district/ local authority level wit Risedale ward in April 2023 to become the Risedale and Roosecote ward following the formation of the new Westmorland and Furness Local Authority.
Guy B. Marin
Guy B. Marin is professor emeritus of chemical engineering at the Ghent University, Belgium. He is founding member of the Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) and the Center of Sustainable Chemistry (CSC) at Ghent University. Prior to that, he has been teaching at the Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry of Eindhoven University of Technology. His research on chemical kinetics and chemical reaction engineering led in 2015 to a spinoff company. He co-authored two books, Kinetics of Chemical Reactions: Decoding Complexity and Advanced Data Analysis and Modelling in Chemical Engineering.

He is co-editor of the Chemical Engineering Journal and co-editor-in-chief of “Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering”.

Chemical reaction engineering
Chemical reaction engineering (reaction engineering or reactor engineering) is a specialty in chemical engineering or industrial chemistry dealing with chemical reactors.  Frequently the term relates specifically to catalytic reaction systems where either a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst is present in the reactor.  Sometimes a reactor per se is not present by itself, but rather is integrated into a process, for example in reactive separations vessels, retorts, certain fuel cells, and photocatalytic surfaces. The issue of solvent effects on reaction kinetics is also considered as an integral part.
Pythagorean expectation
Pythagorean expectation is a sports analytics formula devised by Bill James to estimate the percentage of games a baseball team "should" have won based on the number of runs they scored and allowed.  Comparing a team's actual and Pythagorean winning percentage can be used to make predictions and evaluate which teams are over-performing and under-performing. The name comes from the formula's resemblance to the Pythagorean theorem.

The basic formula is:

where Win Ratio is the winning ratio generated by the formula. The expected number of wins would be the expected winning ratio multiplied by the number of games played.

Baseball Prospectus
Baseball Prospectus (BP) is an organization that publishes a website, BaseballProspectus.com, devoted to the sabermetric analysis of baseball. BP has a staff of regular columnists and provides advanced statistics as well as player and team performance projections on the site. Since 1996 the BP staff has also published a Baseball Prospectus annual as well as several other books devoted to baseball analysis and history.

Baseball Prospectus has originated several popular new statistical tools that have become hallmarks of baseball analysis. Baseball Prospectus is accredited by the Baseball Writers' Association of America. Four of Baseball Prospectus's current regular writers  are members of the Baseball Writers' Association of America and thus eligible to vote for nominees for Major League Baseball's post-season awards and the Baseball Hall of Fame.
BOR-A 550
BOR-A 550 is a ground and coast surveillance radar, developed by Thales Group. The radar operates on the I band, it is also man-portable and can locate targets up to a distance of 40 km in a 360° sector. It has also proven useful to locate small and slow targets, like persons or rubber boats.

The BOR-A 560 is a more powerful version with longer range.

The successor of the BOR-A family is the Ground Observer 80 (GO80) radar system.

I band (NATO)
The NATO I band is the obsolete designation given to the radio frequencies from 8,000 to 10,000 MHz (equivalent to wavelengths between 3.75 and 3 cm) during the Cold War period. Since 1992, frequency allocations, allotment and assignments are in line with the NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA).
However, in order to identify military radio spectrum requirements, e.g. for crisis management planning, training, electronic warfare activities, or in military operations, this system is still in use.
The Superclass List
The Superclass List is a creation of David Rothkopf which his book Superclass: The Global Power Elite and The World They Are Making (published March 2008) is based upon. There are four key elements of success that unite the members of the Superclass, and gives them unparalleled power over world affairs. These elements are: geography, pedigree, networking and luck.

Indra Nooyi
Indra Nooyi (née Krishnamurthy; born October 28, 1955) is an Indian-born American business executive who was the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of PepsiCo from 2006 to 2018.

Nooyi has consistently ranked among the world's 100 most powerful women. In 2014, she was ranked at number 13 on the Forbes list, and the second most powerful woman on the Fortune list in 2015 and 2017. She sits on the boards of Amazon and the International Cricket Council, among other organizations.
Klára Leövey
Klára Leövey (1821–1897), was a Hungarian pioneer educator and women's rights activist. She was the manager of the Teleki Blanka Gymnasium in Budapest from 1846 to 1848 after being recommended by Teréz Karacs. She participated in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and because of this she was imprisoned by the Austrians. After her release, she lived in exile in Paris from 1856 to 1862.

In 2018, the asteroid 334756 Leövey, discovered by Krisztián Sárneczky and Brigitta Sipőcz at the Piszkéstető Station in 2003, was named after her.

Krisztián Sárneczky
Krisztián Sárneczky (born 6 November 1974) is a Hungarian teacher of geography and prolific discoverer of minor planets and supernovae, researching at Konkoly Observatory in Budapest, Hungary. He is a board member of the Hungarian Astronomical Association (HAA) and member of the American Association of Variable Star Observers, leader of the Comet Section of the HAA, and is a contributor in the editorial work of Hungarian Astronomical Almanach.
Alice Glockner Nature Reserve
Alice Glockner Nature Reserve, in Gauteng, South Africa, is a 168-hectare (420-acre) nature reserve located south of Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve. It has altitudes between 1,600 and 1,700 metres (5,200 and 5,600 ft) above sea level. The closest town is Heidelberg, Gauteng. It contains several threatened or endangered species including Delosperma macellum and the Heidelberg copper butterfly (Chrysoritis aureus).

The floral wealth of the Alice Glockner is confirmed by the complex grass vegetation and the support of no more than 16 proven plants of significant medicinal value.

Chrysoritis aureus
Chrysoritis aureus, the Heidelberg copper or golden opal, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to South Africa, where it is found in montane grassland in Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces.

The wingspan is 24–28 mm for males and 28–32 mm for females. Adults are on wing year-round with peaks in December and March.

The larvae feed on Clutia pulchella varieties. They are attended to by Crematogaster liengmei ants.