hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Julius Bruck
Julius Bruck (October 6, 1840 – April 20, 1902) was a German dentist who was a native of Breslau.

He studied dentistry and medicine at the Universities of Breslau, Berlin, Bonn and Paris; obtaining a degree in dentistry from Berlin in 1858. Afterwards he worked as an assistant to his father, Jonas Bruck (1813-1883) in Breslau. In 1871 he became privat-docent at the University of Breslau, and in 1891 was awarded with an honorary professorship.

In 1867 Bruck designed a water-cooled diaphanoscopic instrument for translumination of the bladder via the rectum. This instrument consisted of an illuminated platinum thread inserted into a double glass wall cylinder with the instrument's outer glass chamber cooled by water.

Water cooling
Water cooling is a method of heat removal from components and industrial equipment. Evaporative cooling using water is often more efficient than air cooling. Water is inexpensive and non-toxic; however, it can contain impurities and cause corrosion.

Water cooling is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines and power stations. Water coolers utilising convective heat transfer are used inside some high-end personal computers to further lower the temperature of CPUs and other components compared to air cooling.

Other uses include the cooling of lubricant oil in pumps; for cooling purposes in heat exchangers; for cooling buildings in HVAC and in chillers.
Anatole Kaletsky
Anatole Kaletsky (born 1 June 1952) is an economist and journalist based in the United Kingdom. He has written since 1976 for The Economist, The Financial Times and The Times of London before joining Reuters and The International Herald Tribune in 2012. He has been named Newspaper Commentator of the Year in the BBC's What the Papers Say awards, and has twice received the British Press Award for Specialist Writer of the Year.

Kaletsky has been an economic consultant since 1997, providing policy analysis and asset allocation advice to over 800 financial institutions, multinational companies and international organisations through his company, Gavekal, which is co-run with Louis and Charles Gave. He was elected to the governing Council of the Royal Economic Society in 1998.

Royal Economic Society
The Royal Economic Society (RES) is a professional association and learned society that promotes the study of economics.  Originally established in 1890 as the British Economic Association, it was incorporated by royal charter on 2 December 1902. The Society is a charity registered with the U.K. Charity Commission under charity number 231508. Its patron is Charles III.
Achyut Potdar
Achyut Potdar (22 August 1934 – 18 August 2025), also known as Achyut, was an Indian actor who worked in over 125 Bollywood films.  In addition to film, Potdar appeared in 95 serials, 26 plays and 45 ads.

Zee Marathi
Zee Marathi is an Indian  Marathi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. The channel was launched on 15 August 1999 and was known as Alpha TV Marathi until 28 March 2005, when it was renamed as Zee Marathi. It is the first Marathi GEC channel. A HD version of this channel, Zee Marathi HD, was launched on 20 November 2016.
Squalius vardarensis
Squalius vardarensis, the Vardar chub, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. It is found in the Sperchios to Vardar drainages in Greece and Macedonia.

Vardar
The Vardar (/ˈvɑːrdɑːr/; Macedonian: Вардарⓘ, Albanian: Vardar/-i, Turkish: Vardar) or Axios (Greek: Αξιός, romanized: Aksiós, Albanian: Asi (historically)) is the longest river in North Macedonia and a major river in Greece, where it reaches the Aegean Sea at Thessaloniki. It is 388 km (241 mi) long, out of which 76 km (47 mi) are in Greece, and drains an area of around 25,000 km2 (9,653 sq mi). The maximum depth of the river is 4 m (13 ft).
Forty Martyrs Cathedral, Homs
The Holy Forty Martyrs of Sebastia Cathedral (Arabic: كاتدرائية الأربعين شهيدا) is a Greek Orthodox cathedral located in the Old City of Homs, Syria. Dedicated to the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, the cathedral is the seat of the Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Homs and Dependencies.

A "beautiful church dedicated to the Forty Martyrs" standing in Homs was mentioned by Joos van Ghistele in the 15th century.

By 1914, "a large bell" had been sent from Russia for this church.

Cathedra
A cathedra is the throne of a bishop, found in the cathedral church of his diocese. The word derives from the Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), meaning "seat", especially one used by a bishop or teacher; this term is also the ultimate source of the word "chair".
Kristof Brandl
Kristof Brandl is a Canadian cinematographer and film director from Quebec. He is most noted for his work on the film Falcon Lake, for which he received a Prix Iris nomination for Best Cinematography at the 25th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2023.

Gala Québec Cinéma
The Gala Québec Cinéma is a Quebec film award, presented annually by Québec Cinéma, which recognizes talent and achievement in the mainly feature film industry of Quebec. Until 2016, it was known as La soirée des prix Jutra (The evening of the Jutra prizes) in reference of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra, but Jutra's name was withdrawn from the awards following the publication of Yves Lever's biography of Jutra, which alleged that he had sexually abused children.

It should not be confused with the Claude Jutra Award, a special award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television as part of the separate Canadian Screen Awards program which was also renamed in 2016 following the allegations against Jutra.
Stigmella splendidissimella
Stigmella splendidissimella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found from Scandinavia to Italy and from Ireland to the Crimea. It is not found in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula.

The wingspan is 4–6 millimetres (0.16–0.24 in). The thick erect hairs on the head vertex are black. The collar is black. The antennal eyecaps are white. The forewings are dark coppery-purple-brown with a suffused brassy or green basal patch; a straight shining pale golden or shiny silver fascia beyond middle. The hindwings are grey. External image

The larvae feed on Agrimonia, Fragaria, Filipendula, Geum urbanum, Potentilla anserina, Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosus and Rubus idaeus. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Agrimonia
Agrimonia (from the Greek ἀργεμώνη), commonly known as agrimony, is a genus of 12–15 species of perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with one species also in Africa. The species grow to between 0.5–2 m (1.6–6.6 ft) tall, with interrupted pinnate leaves, and tiny yellow flowers borne on a single (usually unbranched) spike.

Agrimonia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including grizzled skipper (recorded on A. eupatoria) and large grizzled skipper.
Adem Boudjemline
Adem Boudjemline (born 28 February 1994 in Sétif) is an Algerian Greco-Roman wrestler. At the 2016 Summer Olympics he competed in the Men's Greco-Roman -85 kg where he finished in 17th place after losing to Nikolay Bayryakov of Bulgaria in the 1/8 finals round.

He represented Algeria at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan. He competed in the 97 kg event.

He won the gold medal in his event at the 2022 African Wrestling Championships held in El Jadida, Morocco.

Wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 85 kg
Men's Greco-Roman 85 kilograms competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, took place on 15 August at the Carioca Arena 2 in Barra da Tijuca.

This Greco-Roman wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

The medals for the competition were presented by Sir Austin L. Sealy, KT, IOC member, Barbados, and the gifts were presented by Stanley Dziedzic, Vice President of UWW.
Antioxidative stress
Antioxidative stress is an overabundance of bioavailable antioxidant compounds that interfere with the immune system's ability to neutralize pathogenic threats. The fundamental opposite is oxidative stress, which can lead to such disease states as coronary heart disease or cancer.

Antioxidant compounds reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which reduces emitted free-radicals. When ROS function is impaired, there is more susceptibility to atopic disorders or diseases due to impairment of the attack-kill-present-respond behavior of the Th-1 immune response chain. Over-consumption of antioxidants could thus lead to antioxidative stress, where antioxidants might weaken or block the adaptive stress responses and cause dangerous health conditions and cause harm.

Reactive oxygen species
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are the hydroperoxide radical or hydroperoxyl (HO2), superoxide (O2−), the hydroxyl radical (OH.), and singlet oxygen(1O2).  ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O2, which is abundant.  ROS are important in many ways, both beneficial and otherwise.  ROS function as signals, that turn on and off biological functions.  They are intermediates in the redox behavior of O2, which is central to fuel cells.  ROS are central to the photodegradation of organic pollutants in the atmosphere.  Most often, however, ROS are discussed in a biological context, ranging from their effects on aging and their role in causing dangerous genetic mutations.
1938 New York state election
The 1938 New York state election was held on November 8, 1938, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the state comptroller, the attorney general, two U.S. Senators and two U.S. Representatives-at-large, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate. The 1938 election was the first election where the Governor of New York was elected to a four-year term, rather than a two-year term as had been used since the 1894 election.

New York's at-large congressional seat
On three occasions in New York history, some members of the United States House of Representatives were elected statewide at-large. This was due to an increase of the number of representatives after the previous federal census, and the failure of the State Legislature to re-apportion the congressional districts in time for the next election.

In 1872 and 1882, one representative each was elected for the ensuing term. The Legislature then re-apportioned the congressional districts before the elections in 1874 and 1884.

From 1933 to 1945, two representatives elected at-large sat in the House because the Legislature could not agree on a re-apportionment of the districts. For the election to the 79th United States Congress, which was held in 1944, the congressional districts were finally re-apportioned.
Pengkalan Kubor (state constituency)
Pengkalan Kubor is a state constituency in Kelantan, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly.

The state constituency was first contested in 1995 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

Kelantan State Legislative Assembly
The Kelantan State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Kelantan) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Kelantan. It consists of 45 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart.

The State Legislative Assembly convenes at the Kota Darul Naim in the state capital, Kota Bharu.

Out of the 45 seats, 42 are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition after the 2023 state election. Within the coalition, the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) holds 37 seats while the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) holds 5 seats. The PN coalition  commands a two-thirds supermajority in the assembly.

Meanwhile, Barisan Nasional (BN) - United Malays National Organization (UMNO) holds 2 seats and
Pakatan Harapan (PH) - National Trust Party (AMANAH) holds 1 seat.
Bronisław Chromy
Bronisław Chromy (3 June 1925 – 4 October 2017) was a Polish sculptor, medalist, painter, and draughtsman, and a professor at the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków.

Chromy was a Member of the Polish Academy of Learning. He was born at Leńcze near Lanckorona in 1925, he was educated at the Secondary School of Fine Arts and the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, graduating in 1956. He was a student of Xawery Dunikowski.

Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts
The Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków (Polish: Akademia Sztuk Pięknych im. Jana Matejki w Krakowie, usually abbreviated to ASP), is a public institution of higher education located in the centre of Kraków, Poland. It is the oldest Polish fine art academy, established in 1818 and granted full autonomy in 1873.

ASP is a state-run university that offers 5- and 6-year Master's degree programmes. As of 2007, the Academy's faculty comprised 94 professors and assistant professors as well as 147 Ph.D.s.
2021 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 2021 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented Pennsylvania State University in the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team competed as a member of the Big Ten Conference and played their home games at Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania. The team was led by eighth-year head coach James Franklin.

The Nittany Lions had a promising start to the season, going 5–0 and beating a ranked Wisconsin and Auburn, to reach number 4 in the AP poll. However during their game against #3 Iowa, quarterback Sean Clifford was injured, stalling all momentum they had, allowing Iowa to come back and beat them 23–20. The next week they played an unranked Illinois to hopefully regain momentum ahead of playing rival Ohio State on the road, however they lost in a record breaking 9OT. The Nittany Lions would then lose the next four of their last six games, finishing their season at 7–6 after losing to Arkansas in the Outback Bowl.

2021 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 2021 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by third-year head coach Ryan Day, and played their home games at Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio. It was the Buckeyes' 132nd season overall and 109th as a member of the Big Ten Conference.

This was the first time since 2018 that Ohio State did not reach  the College Football Playoff after two losing games against Oregon and Michigan and the first time since 2016 that Ohio State did not reach the Big Ten Championship Game.

The Buckeyes were invited to compete at the Rose Bowl, where they defeated Utah by a score of 48–45.
Do You Get Enough Love
"Do You Get Enough Love" is a 1986 R&B ballad by The Jones Girls vocalist, Shirley Jones.  The single was a number-one hit on the U.S. R&B chart for two weeks.  "Do You Get Enough Love" was written by Bunny Sigler and produced by Sigler and Kenny Gamble.

Bunny Sigler
Walter "Bunny" Sigler (March 27, 1941 – October 6, 2017) was an American R&B singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer who did extensive work with the team of Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff, and was instrumental in creating the "Philly Sound" in the early 1970s.
Kenny Meadows
Joseph Kenny Meadows, (November 1790–August 1874) better known as Kenny Meadows, was a British caricaturist and illustrator. He is best known for the drawings that he contributed to Punch and for his illustrations of scenes from Shakespeare's plays. Much of his work was drawn in a humorous bohemian style. He was well known for the quality of his illustrations, although the critical reception of his work was often mixed.

Letitia Elizabeth Landon
Letitia Elizabeth Landon (14 August 1802 – 15 October 1838) was an English poet and novelist, better known by her initials L.E.L. Her first major breakthrough came with The Improvisatrice and she developed the metrical romance towards the Victorian ideal of the Victorian monologue, influencing fellow English writers such as Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, Alfred Tennyson and Christina Rossetti. Her influence can also be found in the United States, where she was very popular. Edgar Allan Poe regarded her genius as self-evident.

In spite of her wide influence, due to the perceived immorality of Landon's lifestyle, her works were largely ignored or misrepresented after her death. Landon's writings are emblematic of the transition from Romanticism to Victorian literature.
Millville, Pennsylvania
Millville is a borough in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. As of the 2023 census it had a population of 984. It is part of the Bloomsburg-Berwick micropolitan area.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
Eric Fadola Razafimandimby
Eric Fadola Razafimandimby is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party in the 2007 Malagasy parliamentary elections. He represents the constituency of Manja.

He was the former Minister of Public Works and was named embassador of Madagascar to China in 2018.

National Assembly (Madagascar)
The National Assembly (Malagasy: Antenimieram-Pirenena; French: Assemblée Nationale) is the lower house of the Parliament of Madagascar. The Assembly has 163 members, elected for five-year terms in single-member and two-member constituencies.

The Parliament of Madagascar has two chambers. The other chamber is the Senate (Antenimieran-Doholona/Sénat), which has 18 members, 12 of which are indirectly elected (one from each district of Madagascar), with 6 more being appointed.
2024 Giro d'Italia Women, Stage 1 to Stage 8
The 2024 Giro d'Italia Women was the 35th edition of the Giro d'Italia Women, a women's road cycling stage race in Italy. The race took place from 7 to 14 July 2024 and was the 21st race in the 2024 UCI Women's World Tour calendar. The race was organised by RCS Sport, which also organised the men's Giro d'Italia..

RCS Sport
RCS Sport is a sports & media company part of RCS Group (controlled by Cairo Communications) that specialises in organising and marketing sporting events. RCS organises the Giro d'Italia and other cycling races, as well as other sporting events such as the Milano Marathon. It is the second biggest organiser of cycling events behind Amaury Sport Organisation.
George Lohmann
George Alfred Lohmann (2 June 1865 – 1 December 1901) was an English cricketer, regarded as one of the greatest bowlers of all time. Statistically, he holds the lowest lifetime Test bowling average among bowlers with more than fifteen wickets and he has the second highest peak rating for a bowler in the ICC ratings. He also holds the record for the lowest strike rate (balls bowled between each wicket taken) in all Test history.

He bowled at around medium pace and on English pitches of his time could gain spin, so that when rain affected the pitch he was unplayable. Against the best batsmen, too, Lohmann possessed skill and guile, and he could vary his pace, flight and break deceptively, so as to worry batsmen on better pitches. He was the finest slip fielder of his time and in county cricket a hard-hitting batsman who scored two centuries for Surrey and averaged 25 in 1887.

In 2016, Lohmann was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.

ICC Men's Player Rankings
The International Cricket Council player rankings is a widely followed system of rankings for international cricketers based on their recent performances.

The ratings were developed at the suggestion of Ted Dexter in 1987. The intention was to produce a better indication of players' current standing in the sport than is provided by comparing their averages. Career averages are based on a player's entire career and do not make any allowance for match conditions or the strength of the opposition, whereas the ratings are weighted towards recent form and account for match conditions and the quality of the opponent using statistical algorithms.

Initially the rankings were for Test cricket only, but separate One Day International rankings were introduced in 1998. Both sets of rankings have now been calculated back to the start of those forms of the game. The rankings include the top 10 Test, ODI and T20I batsmen, bowlers and all-rounders based on the rating of each player.
Republic of Bergamo
The Republic of Bergamo (Italian: Repubblica Bergamasca) was an ephemeral revolutionary client republic, created on 13 March 1797 by the French army to rule the local administration of Bergamo and its province, during the dissolution of the Republic of Venice. With the Preliminary of Leoben, France and Austria agreed the end of the multi-centennial Venetian rule over the territory between Adda River and Oglio River, together with the Austrian occupation of Istria and Dalmatia.

Defined as "mother-municipality", the administration of the city of Bergamo had to help the creation of "dependent-municipalities" in all the surrounding county. The Republic so became one of the constituent countries of the Cisalpine Republic, established on 29 June 1797.

Adda (river)
The Adda (Latin: Abdua, or Addua; Lombard: Ada, or Adda) is a river in North Italy, a tributary of the Po. It rises in the Alps near the border with Switzerland and flows through Lake Como.  The Adda joins the Po near Castelnuovo Bocca d'Adda, a few kilometers upstream of Cremona. The river's length is 313 kilometres (194 mi). The highest point of the drainage basin is the summit of La Spedla (a subpeak of Piz Bernina), at 4,020 metres (13,190 ft).

Towns along the river include Bormio, Tirano, Sondrio, Bellagio and Lecco (both on Lake Como), Brivio and Lodi. The Poschiavino, a tributary, originates in Switzerland and flows through the town of Poschiavo.
Peyer's patch
Peyer's patches or aggregated lymphoid nodules are organized lymphoid follicles, named after the 17th-century Swiss anatomist Johann Conrad Peyer.  They are an important part of gut associated lymphoid tissue usually found in humans in the lowest portion of the small intestine, mainly in the distal jejunum and the ileum, but also could be detected in the duodenum.

Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue known as the lamina propria. It is mostly of endodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at body openings such as the eyes, eyelids, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lips, the genital areas, the urethral opening and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.

Amphibians, fish, snails, slugs, and some other invertebrates also produce external mucus from their epidermis as protection against pathogens, to help in movement, and to line fish gills. Plants produce a similar substance called mucilage that is also produced by some microorganisms.