hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phasis clavum
Phasis clavum, the Namaqua arrowhead, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in South Africa and Namibia.

The wingspan is 29-39.5 mm for males and 35–44 mm females. Adults are on wing from September to November and sometimes January.

The larvae feed on Rhus and Melianthus species. They are associated with ants of the genus Crematogaster.

Nama people
Nama (in older sources also called Namaqua) are an African ethnic group who reside in South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana. They traditionally speak the Nama language of the Khoe-Kwadi language family, although many Nama also speak Afrikaans. The Nama people (or Nama-Khoe people) are the largest group of the Khoekhoe people, much of which has disappeared as a group. Many of the Nama clans live in central Namibia and other smaller groups live in Namaqualand, which straddles the Namibian border with South Africa.
Federal Aid Road Act of 1916
The Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 (also known as the Bankhead–Shackleford Act and Good Roads Act), Pub. L. 64–156, 39 Stat. 355, was enacted on July 11, 1916, and was the first federal highway funding legislation in the United States. The rise of the automobile at the start of the 20th century, especially after the low-price Ford Model T in 1908, created a demand for better roads on a national level. The act provided federal subsidies to road-building efforts.

United States Statutes at Large
The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress.

Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law, which is classified as either public law (abbreviated Pub.L.) or private law (Pvt.L.), and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a congressional session, the statutes enacted during that session are compiled into bound books, known as "session law" publications. The United States Statutes at Large is the name of the session law publication for U.S. Federal statutes. The public laws and private laws are numbered and organized in chronological order.

U.S. Federal statutes are published in a three-part process, consisting of slip laws, session laws (Statutes at Large), and codification (United States Code).
Ilyes Gharbi
Ilyes Gharbi (Arabic: إلياس الغربي) is a Tunisian broadcaster working for the Carthage Channel. Before that, he worked in the Radio in Mosaique FM, Xpress FM, and in several other channels such as Al-Hiwar Al-Tunisi, Al-Watania 1 and Nessma.

Nessma El Jadida
36°46′N 10°17′E﻿ / ﻿36.767°N 10.283°E﻿ / 36.767; 10.283

Nessma El Jadida (Arabic: الجديدة نسمة, translation: New Breeze), formerly known as Nessma TV (Arabic: قناة نسمة, translation: "Breeze TV") and Nessma Rouge (Arabic: نسمة روج, translation: Red Breeze) was a commercial TV channel based in Tunisia, targeting Tunisia and the Maghreb countries. It was 25% formerly owned by the Italian company Mediaset, controlled by Silvio Berlusconi.

All programmes broadcast on this channel had subtitles in French or Maghrebi Arabic. It broadcast such programs as the Maghrebi version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, called Man sa yarbah al malyoon.
Van Oekel's Discohoek
Van Oekel's Discohoek was a Dutch television show, aired on VPRO in 1974–1975. The show, written by Wim T. Schippers and produced by Ellen Jens, starred Dolf Brouwers as the comedic character Sjef van Oekel, and parodied music television programs of the era. Artists gave obviously lip-synched performances of their songs and were frequently interrupted and insulted by van Oekel. Captain Beefheart's appearance became one of the show's most famous moments. The show also featured one of the first TV appearances of Donna Summer, who later claimed that her breakthrough began with her performance of her song "The Hostage", in which she gracefully went along with the scripted absurdity and chaos. The show inspired a similarly absurd show Plattenküche on the German WDR.

Due to the popularity of Sjef van Oekel a comic strip series was created around his character, written by Wim T. Schippers with art by Theo van den Boogaard.

The Hostage (song)
"The Hostage" is a song by American singer Donna Summer from her debut studio album, Lady of the Night (1974), which was released exclusively in the Netherlands. The track was written by Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte, with the latter also serving as producer. It was issued as a 7-inch single in Europe and Asia in 1974, later being included in the German and French versions of Summer's 1975 album Love to Love You Baby. In the lyrics, Summer plays a wife whose husband is kidnapped. By 1978, "The Hostage" had sold 500,000 copies.
Outline of Tristan da Cunha
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tristan da Cunha:

Tristan da Cunha – group of remote volcanic islands in the south Atlantic Ocean, 2,816 km (1,750 mi) from South Africa and 3,360 km (2,090 mi) from South America. It is part of the British Overseas Territory of St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Saint Helena itself is 2,430 km (1,510 mi) to the north.  The territory consists of the main island, Tristan da Cunha (area: 98 km2, 38 sq mi), as well as several uninhabited islands: Inaccessible Island and the Nightingale Islands. Gough Island (area: 91 km2, 35 sq mi), situated 395 km (245 mi) south east of the main island, is also considered part of the territory.  Tristan da Cunha is the most remote archipelago in the world.

Nightingale Islands
The Nightingale Islands are a group of three islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, part of the Tristan da Cunha territory. They consist of Nightingale Island, Middle Island and Stoltenhoff Island. The islands are administered by the United Kingdom as part of the overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. The Nightingale Islands are uninhabited.

Nightingale Island is the smallest of the four main islands of the Tristan da Cunha Group, measuring only 4 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi), and lies 30 kilometres (18.6 mi) away from Tristan and 22 kilometres (13.7 mi) from Inaccessible. Stoltenhoff and Middle (also known as Alex Island), are really two large islets rather than conventional islands.
Parsons problem
Parsons problems are a form of an objective assessment in which respondents are asked to choose from a selection of code fragments, some subset of which comprise the problem solution. The Parsons problem format is used in the learning and teaching of computer programming.

Dale Parsons and Patricia Haden of Otago Polytechnic developed Parsons's Programming Puzzles to aid the mastery of basic syntactic and logical constructs of computer programming languages, in particular Turbo Pascal, although any programming language may be used. Parsons' programming puzzles became known as Parsons puzzles and then Parsons problems. Parsons problems have become popular as they are easier to grade than written code while capturing the students' problem solving ability shown in a code creation process.

Otago Polytechnic
Otago Polytechnic is a public New Zealand tertiary education institute, centred in Dunedin with additional campuses in Cromwell and Auckland. It provides career-focused education and training, offering a range of New Zealand-accredited postgraduate qualifications, degrees, diplomas and certificates at levels 2–10.

From 1 November 2022 until 31 December 2025, it operated as a business unit of Te Pūkenga (the New Zealand Institute of Skills and Technology). From 1 January 2026, Otago Polytechnic became a standalone organisation, delivering all programmes and training directly.
Early American molded glass
Early American molded glass refers to glass  functional and decorative objects, such as bottles and dishware, that were manufactured in the United States in the 19th century.  The objects were produced by blowing molten glass into a mold, thereby causing the glass to assume the shape and pattern design of the mold.  When a plunger rather than blowing is used, as became usual later, the glass is technically called pressed glass.
Common blown molded tableware items bearing designs include salt dishes, sugar bowls, creamers, celery stands, decanters, and drinking glasses.

Household items, other than dishware, made using the three-mold method include inkwells, oil lamps, birdcage fountains, hats, medicine and perfume bottles, and witch balls. Whiskey flasks bearing unique designs were made in two part molds.  Undecorated bottles used as containers for a variety of liquids were blown into square molds to give them corners so they could be packed into compartments of wooden cases.

Melting
Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the application of heat or pressure, which increases the substance's temperature to the melting point. At the melting point, the ordering of ions or molecules in the solid breaks down to a less ordered state, and the solid melts to become a liquid.

Substances in the molten state generally have reduced viscosity as the temperature increases. An exception to this principle is elemental sulfur, whose viscosity increases in the range of 130 °C to 190 °C due to polymerization.

Some organic compounds melt through mesophases, states of partial order between solid and liquid.
Outline of the Czech Republic
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Czech Republic:

The Czech Republic (also known as Czechia) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved into its constituent states, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic is bordered by Poland to the north, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. Its capital and largest city, with 1.3 million inhabitants, is Prague. It is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative democracy, a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe, and the Visegrád Group. The country is divided into three Czech lands: Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia.

Czech Silesia
Czech Silesia (Czech: České Slezsko; Polish: Śląsk Czeski) is a part of the historical region of Silesia now in the Czech Republic. While it currently has no formal boundaries, in a narrow geographic sense, it encompasses most or all of the territory of the Czech Republic within the Oder River's drainage basin. Together with Bohemia and Moravia, it is one of the three historical Czech lands.

Silesia lies in the north-east of the Czech Republic, predominantly in the Moravian-Silesian Region, with a section in the northern Olomouc Region. It is almost identical in extent with Austrian Silesia (also known as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia), before 1918; between 1938 and 1945, part of the area was also known as Sudeten Silesia (German: Sudetenschlesien; Czech: Sudetské Slezsko; Polish: Śląsk Sudecki.
Sami Güçlü
Sami Güçlü (born September 6, 1950, Konya, Turkey), is a Turkish politician. He is a founding member of the Justice and Development Party. He was the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in the cabinet of Abdullah Gül and the first cabinet of Recep Tayyip Erdogan.

Konya Province
Konya Province (Turkish: Konya ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in southwest Central Anatolia, Turkey. Its area is 40,838 km2, making it the largest province by area, and its population is 2,296,347 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Konya. Its traffic code is 42.

The Kızılören solar power plant in Konya will be able to produce 22.5 megawatts of electricity over an area of 430,000 square meters.
The Album (Teyana Taylor album)
The Album is the third studio album by American singer Teyana Taylor. The album was released on June 19, 2020, through GOOD Music and Def Jam Recordings, almost exactly two years after her 8 track second album K.T.S.E. The album was preceded by the release of six singles "How You Want It?", "Morning", "We Got Love", "Made It", "Bare wit Me" and "Wake Up Love". The 23-track album features guest appearances from Erykah Badu, Kehlani, Big Sean, Lauryn Hill, Future, Rick Ross, Quavo, and Missy Elliott. Taylor's ex-husband, Iman Shumpert and their daughter Junie also appear.

The album was certified gold by the RIAA in June 2025.

Morning (Teyana Taylor and Kehlani song)
"Morning" is a song by American singer-songwriters Teyana Taylor and Kehlani. It was released on November 1, 2019 with a music video directed by Taylor. It is the second track after "How You Want It?" on Taylor's third album titled The Album.
Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta
The Shah Jahan Mosque (Urdu: شاہ جہاں مسجد, Sindhi: مسجد شاهجهاني،), also known as the Jamia Masjid of Thatta (Urdu: جامع مسجد ٹھٹہ, Sindhi: شاھجھاني مسجد ٺٽو), serves as the central mosque for the city of Thatta, in the Pakistani province of Sindh. Constructed in the 17th-century, the mosque is considered to have the most elaborate display of tile work in South Asia, and is also notable for its geometric brick work – a decorative element that is unusual for Mughal-period mosques.

It was built during the reign of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, who bestowed it to the city as a token of gratitude, and is heavily influenced by Central Asian architecture – a reflection of Shah Jahan's campaigns near Samarkand shortly before the mosque was designed.

Mughal Central Asia campaign
The Mughal Central Asia Campaign, also known as the Balkh Campaign, was a military campaign from 1645–1647 undertook by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan against the Uzbek Khanate of Bukhara in Central Asia. It notably involved an Indian army crossing the Hindu Kush in battle. The campaign was technically a stalemate.
Sage Elsesser
Sage Gabriel Carlos Atreyu Elsesser (born January 31, 1997), also known as Navy Blue, is an American skateboarder, rapper, record producer, visual artist, and model.

Elsesser has been sponsored by several skater fashion brands including Converse and Supreme, as well as becoming a professional skater in 2014 through skater collective and clothing store Fucking Awesome. Aside from skating and music, he is also a model for various clothing brands and an artist, most notably handling the art direction for Earl Sweatshirt's album I Don't Like Shit, I Don't Go Outside in 2015.

Supreme (brand)
Supreme is an American clothing brand established in Manhattan, New York City, in April 1994. The company focuses on streetwear, skateboarding, and hip-hop fashion trends. Supreme has been described as one of the most influential streetwear brands globally.
Louis Ducatel
Louis Ducatel (13 March 1902 – 28 June 1999) was a French politician and businessman from the Pas-de-Calais. He is best known for his candidacy in the 1969 French presidential election, where he obtained 1.27% of the vote.

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
Daniel Calvo (judge)
Daniel Calvo Flores (born c.1958) is a former Santiago Court of Appeals judge of the Republic of Chile. At the moment he is a 4º judicial attorney (Spanish: Fiscal Judicial) in the Santiago Court of Appeals.

The privately owned TV station Chilevisión aired a broadcast of film taken with a hidden camera of Calvo stating that he frequented a gay sauna.

Hidden camera
A hidden camera or spy camera is a camera used to photograph or record subjects, often people, without their knowledge. The camera may be considered "hidden" because it is not visible to the subject being filmed, or is disguised as another object. Hidden cameras are often considered a surveillance tool.

The term "hidden camera" is commonly used when subjects are unaware that they are being recorded, usually lacking their knowledge and consent; the term "spy camera" is generally used when the subject would object to being recorded if they were aware of the camera's presence. In contrast, the phrase "security camera" refers to cameras that are visible and/or are accompanied by a warning notice of their presence, so the subject is aware of the camera's presence and knows they are being filmed.

The use of hidden cameras raises personal privacy issues. There may be legal aspects to consider, depending on the jurisdiction in which they are used.
Rail transport in Okinawa
Rail transport in Okinawa (沖縄県の鉄道, Okinawa-ken no Tetsudō) consists of only the Okinawa Urban Monorail, the only rail line providing rail transportation in Okinawa Prefecture. In the past, Okinawa Island had railroad, trams, and horse-drawn streetcar service. Moreover, Minamidaitōjima and other islands had rail lines to transport sugarcane and other commodities.

Expo '75
Expo '75, also known as The Okinawa International Ocean Exposition (Japanese: 沖縄国際海洋博覧会, romanized: Okinawa kokusai kaiyou hakurankai), was a world's fair held on the Japanese island of Okinawa from July 20, 1975, to January 18, 1976.
Ingatestone railway station
Ingatestone railway station serves the village of Ingatestone, Essex, in the East of England. It is on the Great Eastern Main Line, 23 miles 50 chains (38.0 km) from London Liverpool Street and is between Shenfield to the west and Chelmsford to the east. The station is managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates all trains serving it, as part of the East Anglia franchise. Its three-letter station code is INT.

East Anglia franchise
The East Anglia franchise is a railway franchise for passenger trains on the Great Eastern Main Line and West Anglia Main Lines in England. It commenced operation in April 2004 when the Anglia and Great Eastern franchises, together with the West Anglia part of the West Anglia Great Northern franchise, were combined to form the Greater Anglia franchise.

Initially operated by National Express East Anglia, it was taken over by Abellio Greater Anglia in February 2012. In May 2015, the Liverpool Street to Chingford/Cheshunt and Enfield Town and Romford to Upminster services were transferred to London Overground, and the Liverpool Street to Shenfield services were transferred to TfL Rail. Upon being re-tendered in 2016, it was retained by Abellio and rebranded as Greater Anglia, as specified by the Department for Transport.
Dale Iniff
Dale Lee Iniff (born 18 September 1977) is a former English cricketer.  Iniff was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Penrith, Cumbria.

Iniff represented the Northamptonshire Cricket Board in a single List A match against Wiltshire in the 1999 NatWest Trophy. In his only List A match, he took a single wicket at a cost of 37 runs.

Penrith, Cumbria
Penrith (/ˈpɛnrɪθ/, /pɛnˈrɪθ/) is a market town and civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. It is less than 3 miles (5 km) outside the Lake District National Park and about 17 miles (27 km) south of Carlisle. It is between the Rivers Petteril and Eamont and just north of the River Lowther. It was historically part of Cumberland.
La Mamounia literary award
The La Mamounia literary award (French: prix de La Mamounia) was a Moroccan literary prize founded to promote Moroccan literature written in French. It was awarded from 2010 to 2015 and carried a prize money of 200,000 dirhams (about $22,000 in 2015).

The award was donated by the La Mamounia hotel in Marrakesh, which also hosted the award ceremonies every year. A jury consisting of well known literary figures selected the recipient out of a varying number of nominations every year. From 2011 on the jury was led by the French writer and critic Christine Orban as president.

Other jury members included the writers Douglas Kennedy (USA), Marie Laberge (Canada), Alain Mabanckou (Republic of the Congo), and Mouna Hachim (Morocco).

Due to financial issues the prize was not awarded after 2015.

Moroccan dirham
The Moroccan dirham (Arabic: درهم, romanized: dirham, Moroccan Arabic: درهم, romanized: derhem; sign: DH; code: MAD) is the official monetary currency of Morocco. It is issued by the Bank Al-Maghrib, the central bank of Morocco. One Moroccan dirham is subdivided into 100 santimat (singular: santim; Arabic: سنتيم).

The exchange rate of the Moroccan dirham is determined within a band of fluctuation of ± 5 percent compared to a central rate established by the central bank of Morocco on the basis of a currency basket composed of the euro and United States dollar by up to 60% and 40% respectively.

As of 2025 the Moroccan Dirham is still not freely convertible on world financial markets. The full integration of the Moroccan economy into the world market is hindered by the underdeveloped Moroccan currency system.
Watson, Australian Capital Territory
Watson is a suburb of Canberra, Australia in the North Canberra district. Watson is named after the third Prime Minister of Australia, John Christian Watson. The suburb name was gazetted on 7 April 1960. Streets in Watson are named after Australian judges and other legal professionals.

Watson is bordered by the Federal Highway, Phillip Avenue and Antill Street.
Traffic loads on these roads has increased significantly with the continued development of Gungahlin and studies suggest some areas will exceed capacity before 2021.

Gazette
A gazette is an official journal, a newspaper of record, or simply a newspaper.

In English and French speaking countries, newspaper publishers have applied the name Gazette since the 17th century; today, numerous weekly and daily newspapers bear the name The Gazette.
Bang Pa-in railway station
Bang Pa-in station (Thai: สถานีบางปะอิน) is a railway station located in Ban Len Subdistrict, Bang Pa-in District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya. It is a class 1 railway station located 58.001 km (36.0 mi) from Bangkok Railway Station. To the north of the station building located the royal pavilion (royal waiting room; Thai: พลับพลาที่ประทับ) built by King Chulalongkorn for use during his and the Royal Family visits to the Bang Pa-In Royal Palace.

Bang Pa-In Royal Palace
Bang Pa-In Royal Palace (Thai: พระราชวังบางปะอิน), also known as the Summer Palace (Thai: พระราชวังฤดูร้อน), is a palace complex formerly used by the Thai kings. It lies beside the Chao Phraya River in tambon Ban Len, Bang Pa-in District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province in Thailand.
Ricardo Canales
Ricardo Gabriel Canales Lanza (born 30 May 1982) is a Honduran former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

A Honduran international since 2009, he represented his nation for two Gold Cups and Fifa World Cup 2010.

C.D. Victoria
Club Deportivo Victoria is a Honduran football club based in La Ceiba, Atlántida. They have enjoyed success in the past having won the Honduran first division once. They currently play in the Honduran first division.
Kowloon Shangri-La
Kowloon Shangri-La is a five-star hotel of the Hong Kong–based Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts group. It is located on Mody Road in Tsim Sha Tsui East overlooking Victoria Harbour and the Hong Kong Island skyline. It is the sister hotel to the Island Shangri-La in Admiralty district, Hong Kong.

Admiralty, Hong Kong
Admiralty (金鐘; Gāmjūng) is the eastern extension of the central business district (adjacent to, but separate from, Central) on the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong. It is located on the eastern end of the Central and Western District, bordered by Wan Chai to the east and Victoria Harbour to the north.

The name of Admiralty refers to the former Admiralty Dock in the area which housed a naval dockyard. The dock was later demolished when land was reclaimed and developed northward as the naval base HMS Tamar. The Cantonese name, Kam Chung (金鐘), lit. "Golden Bell", refers to a gold-coloured bell that was used for timekeeping at Wellington Barracks.