hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maeda Nagatane
Maeda Nagatane (前田 長種, 1550 – April 12, 1631) was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi-Momoyama period through early Edo period. He served the Maeda clan of Kaga as one of its senior retainers. He married Ko, daughter of Maeda Toshiie.

His court title was Tsushima no kami.

Kokushi (official)
Kokushi (国司; also read Kuni no tsukasa) were provincial officials in Classical Japan. They were nobles sent from the central government in Kyoto to oversee a province, a system that was established as part of the Taika Reform in 645, and enacted by the Ritsuryō system. There were four classes of kokushi, from the highest to the lowest: Kami (守), Suke (介), Jō (掾), and Sakan (目). In the Middle Ages, an acting governor called mokudai, the daikan of the kokushi, took over the local government of the province, while the kokushi returned to the capital to take on a supervising role.
Mays Point, New York
42°59′51″N 76°45′55″W﻿ / ﻿42.99750°N 76.76528°W﻿ / 42.99750; -76.76528

Mays Point is a hamlet in the Town of Tyre, Seneca County, New York, United States, near the Wayne and Cayuga county lines. It is located seven miles (11 km) northeast of the hamlet of Seneca Falls, at an elevation of 381 feet (116 m). The primary intersection in the hamlet is at N.Y. Route 89 and Mays Point Road (CR 105A). Mays Point is situated along the Erie Canal near the junction of the Seneca and Clyde rivers within the Montezuma Marsh. The New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) passes just south of the hamlet.

Erie Canal Lock 25 is located off Mays Point Road, near N.Y. Route 89. It was built around 1912, and has a lift of 6 feet (1.8 m) to the west.

Cayuga County, New York
Cayuga County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 76,248. Its county seat and largest city is Auburn. The county was named for the Cayuga people, one of the Native American tribes in the Iroquois Confederation. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Cayuga County comprises the Auburn, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Syracuse-Auburn, NY Combined Statistical Area.
Stade des Jeunes
Stade des Jeunes is a stadium located in Kananga, Democratic Republic of the Congo.  It has a seating capacity of 10,000 spectators.  It serves as the home of US Tshinkunku and AS Saint-Luc of the Linafoot and Linafoot Ligue 2, respectively.

Kananga
Kananga, formerly known as Luluabourg or Luluaburg, is the capital city of the Kasai-Central Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and was the capital of the former Kasaï-Occidental Province. It is the fourth most populous urban area in the country, with an estimated population of 1,524,000 in 2021.

The city lies near the Lulua River, a tributary of the Kasai River and the Ilebo-Lubumbashi railway.  An important commercial and administrative centre, it is home to a museum and to Kananga Airport.
Rouville (Province of Canada electoral district)
Rouville was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada East (now Quebec).  It was located in a rural area south of Montreal, bordering on the Richelieu River.  The district was created in 1841 and was based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. It was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly.

In 1853, the provincial Parliament redrew the electoral map. The boundaries for Rouville were altered to some extent in the new map, which came into force for the 1854 general elections.

The electoral district was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Quebec.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
U.S. economic performance by presidential party
Since World War II, according to many economic metrics including job creation, GDP growth, stock market returns, personal income growth, and corporate profits, the United States economy has performed significantly better on average under the administrations of Democratic presidents than Republican presidents. The U.S. unemployment rate has risen on average under Republican presidents, while it has fallen on average under Democratic presidents. Budget deficits relative to the size of the economy were lower on average for Democratic presidents. Ten of the eleven U.S. recessions between 1953 and 2020 began under Republican presidents. Of these, the most statistically significant differences are in real GDP growth, unemployment rate change, stock market annual return, and job creation rate.

The reasons for these differences are a matter of debate, as it is often difficult to determine the precise causes for a given element of the economy performing better or worse at a given time.

Unemployment in the United States
Unemployment in the United States discusses the causes and measures of U.S. unemployment and strategies for reducing it. Job creation and unemployment are affected by factors such as economic conditions, global competition, education, automation, and demographics. These factors can affect the number of workers, the duration of unemployment, and wage levels.
Northwest Passage (children's book)
Northwest Passage is a book based upon the famous Canadian song "Northwest Passage". The song is a story of a man's travel through the arctic of Canada while following famed explorers like Alexander Mackenzie, David Thompson, John Franklin, and Henry Kelsey. The book is written and narrated by Matthew James, who is a Canadian musician, illustrator, and author and has been nominated for, and won, the Governor General's Award for children's literature. The book is full of unique illustrations, also done by Matt James, showing the story as it is mentioned in the song. It also includes a timeline of Canadian exploration, miniature biographies on explorers of the Northwest Passage, and portraits of major explorers.

Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)
Sir Alexander Mackenzie (c. 1764 – 12 March 1820) was a Scottish-Canadian explorer and fur trader known for accomplishing the first crossing of North America north of Mexico by a European in 1793. The Mackenzie River and Mount Sir Alexander are named after him.

As a leading member of the North West Company, he aspired to extend the Company's operations into western Canada and sell furs gained from there in China. His ambitions competed with the monopoly positions of both the Hudson's Bay Company and the East India Company.
GED Connection
GED Connection is a television program on PBS that provides instruction on how to pass the General Educational Development (GED) test. It is part of an instructional course that also includes workbooks and practice tests. GED Connection is part of a larger program called LiteracyLink created by PBS, Kentucky Educational Television, the National Center on Adult Literacy, and the Kentucky Department of Education.

Workbook
Workbooks are paperback textbooks issued to students. Workbooks are usually filled with practice problems, with empty space so that the answers can be written directly in the book.

More recently, electronic workbooks have permitted interactive and customized learning. Such workbooks may be used on computers, laptops, PDAs, and may be web-based.
Aladeen Younes
Aladeen Younes (Arabic: علاء الدين يونس; born 22 January 1996), commonly known as Alaadeen Salman, is an American-born Libyan football player who plays . His father, Salman Younes, is a former footballer who played for Michigan State University (spartans) in the United States.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Scotts Shopping Centre
The Scotts Shopping Centre was a shopping mall in Singapore, located along Scotts Road in the Orchard Road vicinity. The mall was branded as a high-end boutique mall with outlets like Pois, Blush, Crème, and Kiehl's, with professional women as its target demographic.

Kiehl's
Kiehl's LLC is an American cosmetics brand retailer that specializes in skin, hair, and body care products. It started as a single pharmacy in Manhattan at Third Avenue and East 13th Street in 1851. Kiehl's was purchased by the L'Oréal Group in 2000 and has 65 stores in the United States and 400 stores worldwide as of 2015, with over 1,000 points of sale supplemented by sales in department stores, select airport locations, as well as independent stockists. In contrast to its market competitors, Kiehl's is distinguished for its unorthodox marketing approach, exceptionally large male clientele base, and its products' simple and straightforward packaging.
Circuit design language
Electronics portal

A circuit design language (CDL) is a kind of netlist, a description of an electronic circuit. It is usually automatically generated from a circuit schematic. It is used for electronic circuit simulation and layout versus schematic (LVS) checks. It is similar to SPICE netlists, but with some extensions.

Several vendors such as Cadence Design Systems, Mentor Graphics, and Synopsys support CDL netlists, although their solutions may be proprietary and not readable by competing systems.

Mentor Graphics
Mentor Graphics Corporation was a US-based electronic design automation (EDA) multinational corporation for electrical engineering and electronics, headquartered in Wilsonville, Oregon. Founded in 1981, the company distributed products that assist in electronic design automation, simulation tools for analog mixed-signal design, VPN solutions, and fluid dynamics and heat transfer tools. The company leveraged Apollo Computer workstations to differentiate itself within the computer-aided engineering (CAE) market with its software and hardware.

Mentor Graphics was acquired by Siemens in 2017. The name was retired in 2021 and renamed Siemens EDA, a segment of Siemens Digital Industries Software.
Million Dollar Riff
"Million Dollar Riff" is a song by Australian band Skyhooks, released in November 1975 as the lead single from the band's third studio album, Straight in a Gay Gay World. The song peaked at number six in Australia.

The song incorporates riffs from other hit songs, including from the Skyhooks' own "Horror Movie", plus the worldwide hits "Satisfaction", "Smoke on the Water", "Sunshine of Your Love", "Day Tripper", "Gloria", and Chuck Berry's "Johnny B. Goode". It also includes lyrical allusions to Berry's "Little Queenie" ("Meanwhile, I was still..."), Sam Cooke's "Chain Gang" ("Ooh, Ah. Ooh, Ah"), and Barrett Strong's "Money (That's What I Want)".

Gloria (Them song)
"Gloria" is a rock song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison. Conceived in 1963, it was recorded with his band Them in 1964, and released as the B-side of "Baby, Please Don't Go" that same year. It received positive reviews and was moderately successful on release; it experienced commercial success in 1966, reaching number 75 on the Billboard Hot 100.

"Gloria" surged in popularity following a 1966 cover by the Shadows of Knight, which peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 1975, Patti Smith reimagined the song for her debut album Horses, incorporating verses from her own poems and work, which has earned continued acclaim.

The original version of "Gloria", along with Shadows of Knight and Smith's covers, have often been ranked by critics among the best songs of all time. It has become a garage rock staple and a part of many rock bands' repertoires and is covered by artists including the Doors and Car Seat Headrest.
Seizure of the Hankuk Chemi
The seizure of the Hankuk Chemi refers to the temporary seizure of the South Korean oil tanker Hankuk Chemi (한국케미) by the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Persian Gulf on 4 January 2021. Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy (NEDSA) stated that the tanker was seized because of "environmental and chemical pollution concerns." The tanker's South Korean owner denied any pollution had occurred. The ship was released on 9 April 2021 after South Korea agreed to unfreeze $1 billion in Iranian assets held in South Korean banks.

The seizure occurred during the Persian Gulf crisis that began in 2019, which saw Iranian authorities repeatedly seizing commercial shipping in the region as the United States placed sanctions on the country, freezing billions of dollars of Iranian assets internationally.

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy (IRGCN; Persian: نیروی دریایی سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی, romanized: niru-ye daryâyi-e sepâh-e pâsdârân-e enghelâb-e eslâmi; officially abbreviated in Persian as NEDSA and also known as the Sepah Navy) is the naval warfare service of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps founded in 1985, and one of the two maritime forces of Iran, parallel to the conventional Islamic Republic of Iran Navy.

IRGC's Navy has steadily improved its capabilities to support unconventional warfare and defend Iran's offshore facilities, coastlines, and islands in the Persian Gulf.

The Basij Navy has been established with a force of 55,000 sailors and 33,000 ships covering an area from the Persian Gulf to Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, and Zanzibar.
Mindy Domb
Mindy Domb currently serves in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. Since 2019 she has represented the 3rd Hampshire district (includes Amherst, Pelham and Precinct 1 in Granby).
Immediately prior to being elected in 2019, she was the executive director of the Amherst Survival Center. where she oversaw the basic needs organization's roster of services, including a food pantry, fresh food distribution, food recovery program, community meals program, free health clinic, free community store, laundry facilities, showers and community space.

Granby, Massachusetts
Granby is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,110 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The census-designated place of Granby corresponds to the main village of Granby in the center of the town.
Iraqi opposition
The Iraqi opposition can refer to three things:

Pre-2003: Iraqi anti-Saddam groups were composed of a number of groups in Iraq opposed to the Saddam regime.

Occupation era: The collective term usually denoting Iraqi insurgency opposed to the American-led coalition forces and Iraqi security forces during the occupation of Iraq that followed the Iraq War on May 1, 2003.

Post-independence: After the handover of authority from the Coalition Provisional Authority to Iraqi leaders, the Iraqi opposition are the minority political parties and the Ba'athist insurgent groups.

Iraqi opposition (pre-2003)
The Iraqi opposition (Arabic: المعارضة العراقية-Muʻaraḍatu l-‘Irāqiyyah) was a large political and militant structure represented by a diverse de facto coalition with the common goal of overthrowing Saddam Hussein.
Rhododendron japonicum
Rhododendron japonicum, the Japanese azalea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae, native to Japan. A deciduous shrub reaching 8 ft (2.4 m) but usually half that, it is found in grasslands and open scrub, never in dense thickets or woodlands. It is very similar to the Chinese endemic Rhododendron molle, to the extent that its cultivars are customarily grouped with the cultivars of R. molle.
It is popularly cultivated as a bonsai tree.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
James Bloodworth Jr.
James Morgan Bartow Bloodworth Jr. (February 21, 1925 – September 22, 2006) was an American physician, pathologist, and researcher on diabetes mellitus. He was born in Atlanta on February 21, 1925, to J. M. Bartow Bloodworth, Sr.—an attorney—and Elizabeth (née Dimmock) Bloodworth. Bloodworth died on September 22, 2006, in Madison, Wisconsin.

Attorney at law
Attorney at law or attorney-at-law, usually abbreviated in everyday speech to attorney, is the preferred term for a practising lawyer in certain jurisdictions, including South Africa (for certain lawyers), Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and the United States. The term has its roots in the verb to attorn, meaning to transfer one's rights and obligations to another.
Earl of Cavan
Earl of Cavan is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1647 for Charles Lambart, 2nd Baron Lambart. He was made Viscount Kilcoursie, in the King's County, at the same time, also in the Peerage of Ireland. Lord Cavan was the son of Oliver Lambart, who had been elevated to the Peerage of Ireland as Lord Lambart, Baron of Cavan in the County of Cavan, in 1618.

The 2nd Earl of Cavan was insane for much of his adult life. The 7th Earl of Cavan was a general during the Napoleonic Wars, he was succeeded by his grandson the 8th Earl. The 10th Earl was an army commander during the First World War and later a British Field Marshal and Chief of the Imperial General Staff. As he died without male issue, he was succeeded by his youngest brother the 11th Earl. When the 12th Earl died, the title presumably passed to Roger Cavan Lambart, a descendant of the 7th Earl. As of 18 June 2024, Roger Cavan Lambart has not yet established his right to the peerage.

County Offaly
County Offaly (/ˈɒfəli/; Irish: Contae Uíbh Fhailí) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and the province of Leinster. It is named after the ancient Kingdom of Uí Failghe. It was formerly known as King's County, in honour of Philip II of Spain. Offaly County Council is the local authority for the county. The county population was 82,668 at the 2022 census.
Jacob Tanner
Jacob Tanner (15 October 1865 – 25 January 1964) was a Norwegian American Lutheran minister, educator and religious author. He spent most of his life in the United States and became a naturalized citizen.

Norwegian Americans
Norwegian Americans (Norwegian: Norskamerikanere/Norskamerikanarar) are Americans with ancestral roots in Norway.  Norwegian immigrants went to the United States primarily in the latter half of the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th century. There are more than 4.5 million Norwegian Americans, according to the 2021 U.S. census; most live in the Upper Midwest and on the West Coast of the United States.
5 Maccabees
The Fifth Book of the Maccabees, also called "Arabic 2 Maccabees", or "Arabic Maccabees", is an ancient Jewish work relating the history in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. The book chronicles the events from Heliodorus' attempt to rob the Temple treasury in 186 BC to the death of Herod the Great's two sons about 6 BC.

Unlike the other Books of the Maccabees (with the exception of 3 Maccabees), the book has no relation to the Maccabean Revolt. Rather, this work aims at consoling Jews in their sufferings and encouraging them to be steadfast "in their devotion to the Mosaic law".

Maccabees
The Maccabees (/ˈmækəbiːz/), also spelled Machabees (Hebrew: מַכַּבִּים, Makkabbīm or מַקַבִּים, Maqabbīm; Latin: Machabaei or Maccabaei; Ancient Greek: Μακκαβαῖοι, Makkabaioi), were a group of Jewish  rebel warriors who re-took control of Judea, which at the time was occupied by the Seleucid Empire. Its leaders, the Hasmoneans, founded the Hasmonean dynasty, which ruled from 167 BC (after the Maccabean Revolt) to 37 BC, being a fully independent kingdom from 104 to 63 BC. They reasserted the Jewish religion, freed Judea from the Syrian-Greek occupiers, and reduced the influence of Hellenism and Hellenistic Judaism.
Chris Blattman
Christopher Blattman is a Canadian-American economist and political scientist working on conflict, crime, and international development. He is the Ramalee E. Pearson Professor of Global Conflict Studies at the University of Chicago's Harris School of Public Policy Studies and The Pearson Institute for the Study and Resolution of Global Conflicts. He is active on Twitter as well as an early blogger on international economics and politics. He is the author of Why We Fight: The Roots of War and the Paths to Peace, published by Viking Press in 2022.

Blattman is also a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, a non-resident fellow with the Center for Global Development, and a Board Member and academic lead of the Crime and Violence Section of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab.

National Bureau of Economic Research
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

Many chairpersons of the Council of Economic Advisers were previously NBER research associates, including the former NBER president and Harvard professor Martin Feldstein. The NBER's current president and CEO is James M. Poterba of MIT.
Mahabo Mananivo
Mahabo Mananivo is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Farafangana, which is a part of Atsimo-Atsinanana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 10,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. 98% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crops are rice and coffee, while other locally important agricultural products are cloves and pepper. Services provide employment for 1% of the population. Additionally, fishing employs 1% of the population.

Atsimo-Atsinanana
Atsimo-Atsinanana (South East) is a region in Madagascar. Its capital is Farafangana. The region used to be part of the Fianarantsoa Province.

The region extends along the southern part of the east coast of Madagascar. It is bordered by Fitovinany and Haute Matsiatra (North), Ihorombe (West) and Anosy (South).

The population was 1,026,674 in 2018. It is among the poorest regions in the country, with a poverty rate of 83.9% according to a 2005 government report.