hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1745
The Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1745 (19 Geo. 2. c. 1) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain passed on 18 October 1745, and formally repealed in 1867. It made various provisions for arresting and imprisoning those suspected of treason during the Second Jacobite Rising. The act was continued in force by the Habeas Corpus Suspension (No. 2) Act 1745 (19 Geo. 2. c. 17) and by the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1746 (20 Geo. 2. c. 1) before expiring.

The act provided that those suspected of high treason could be detained without bail until 19 April 1746; their horses could be seized and the owners charged for their keeping. Members of Parliament were exempt from the act unless the consent of their House was given. For the duration of the act, the Scottish act preventing wrongful imprisonment was suspended.

Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and created the parliament of Great Britain located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster, near the City of London. This lasted nearly a century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of the United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801.
Maria Cosma
Maria Cosma is a Romanian sprint canoer who competed in the mid to late 1970s. She won five medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (K-1 500 m: 1977) and four bronzes (K-1 500 m: 1974, 1978; K-4 500 m: 1973, 1974).

1977 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1977 Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Sofia, Bulgaria.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak. The men's K-1 4 x 500 m relay was discontinued at these championships and replaced by the men's K-4 500 m event.

This was the thirteenth championships in canoe sprint.
Symphonic music in Iran
Symphonic music in Iran encompasses Iranian  musical pieces composed in the symphonic style. In addition to instrumental compositions, some of Iran's symphonic pieces are based on the country's folk songs, and some are based on poetry of both classical and contemporary Iranian poets.

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).
North Carolina Highway 183
North Carolina Highway 183 (NC 183) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  It traverses from US 221, in the community of Linville Falls, to NC 181, near the community of Jonas Ridge.

Jonas Ridge, North Carolina
Jonas Ridge is an unincorporated community in Burke County, North Carolina, United States. Jonas Ridge is located on North Carolina Highway 181 in northwestern Burke County, 3.9 miles (6.3 km) south-southeast of Crossnore. Jonas Ridge has a post office with ZIP code 28641.
2023 FIBA 3x3 Africa Cup – Men's tournament
The 2023 FIBA 3x3 Africa Cup – Men's tournament is the fifth edition of this continental championship. The event was held in Cairo, Egypt for the second consecutive year. It was contested by 8 teams.

Egypt won their second title with a win over Nigeria in the final.

Elly Randriamampionona
Elly Randriamampionona (born 20 July 1997) is a Malagasy basketball player for GNBC and for Madagascar. Standing at 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in), he plays as shooting guard. Randriamampionona is a four-time champion of the N1A, the highest level league in Madagascar.
24th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (The Queen's)
The 24th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (The Queen's) was an auxiliary unit of the British Army. Formed in 1908 from Volunteer units in the Surrey suburbs of London that dated back to 1860, it was part of the London Regiment in the Territorial Force (TF). Its battalions served on the Western Front at Salonika and in Palestine during World War I. When the London Regiment was abolished the unit reverted to the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) and served in the Battle of France, in North Africa, including the Battle of Alamein, and in Italy and North West Europe as part of the 7th Armoured Division (the 'Desert Rats'). Postwar it was converted to an anti-aircraft regiment of the Royal Artillery.

Second Battle of El Alamein
The Second Battle of El Alamein (23 October – 11 November 1942) was a battle of the Second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein and the Battle of Alam el Halfa had prevented the Axis from advancing further into Egypt.

In October 1942 Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery,  commander of Eighth Army, opened his offensive against the Axis forces. In a 13-day battle the Axis Panzerarmee Afrika was crushed and forced to retreat from Egypt and Libya to the borders of Tunisia. The Allied victory at El Alamein was the beginning of the end of the Western Desert Campaign.

The battle ended the Axis threat to the Middle East and Iran and revived the morale of the western Allies, being their first big success against the Axis since Operation Crusader in late 1941. The end of the battle coincided with the Allied invasion of French North Africa in Operation Torch on 8 November, which opened a second front in North Africa.
Edward Barnett (cricketer)
Edward Barnett (19 November 1818 – 1899) was an English cricketer. His batting and bowling styles are unknown.

Barnett made his first-class debut in 1837, playing for The Bs against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's.

In 1841, he appeared in four more first-class matches: three for Sussex—against MCC at Lord's, against Kent at the Old County Ground, West Malling, and again against MCC at the Royal New Ground, Brighton—and one for the Slow Bowlers against the Fast Bowlers at Lord's. His selection for the Slow Bowlers side suggests he was likely a slow bowler, though no definitive record of his bowling style exists. It is also possible that he was included as a given man.

Across his five first-class appearances, Barnett scored 42 runs at an average of 4.20, with a top score of 9. He also took six catches.

Barnett died in Blean, Kent in 1899.

Glossary of cricket terms
This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of cricket. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics. Certain aspects of cricket terminology are explained in more detail in cricket statistics and the naming of fielding positions is explained at fielding (cricket).

Cricket is known for its rich terminology. Some terms are often thought to be arcane and humorous by those not familiar with the game.
2009 NCAA Division III men's ice hockey tournament
The 2009 NCAA Division III Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 2008–09 season, the 26th such tournament in NCAA history. It concluded with Neumann defeating Gustavus Adolphus in the championship game 4-1. All First Round and Quarterfinal matchups were held at home team venues, while all succeeding games were played at the Herb Brooks Arena in Lake Placid, New York.

Neumann became the first team to win the tournament by playing in four different rounds.

Gustavus Adolphus College
Gustavus Adolphus College (/ɡəsˈteɪvəs/ gəs-TAY-vəs) is a private liberal arts college in St. Peter, Minnesota, United States. It was founded in 1862 by Swedish Americans led by Eric Norelius and is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. It was named for Gustavus Adolphus, the King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632. Its residential campus includes a 125-acre arboretum.
ChemMedChem
ChemMedChem is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering medicinal chemistry. It is published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of Chemistry Europe. In addition to original research in the form of full papers and shorter communications, the journal contains review-type articles (reviews, minireviews, patent reviews, essays, highlights) as well as occasional book reviews and conference reports.

Topics covered include drug design, development and delivery, molecular modeling, combinatorial chemistry, drug target validation, lead generation, ADMET studies, and, as of 2017, nanomedicine (including targeted drug delivery, theranostics, and nanodrugs).

The first volume was published at the beginning of 2006 under the two founding chemical societies, the German Chemical Society and the Italian Chemical Society.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 3.4.

Molecular modelling
Molecular modelling encompasses all methods, theoretical and computational, used to model or mimic the behaviour of molecules. The methods are used in the fields of computational chemistry, drug design, computational biology and materials science to study molecular systems ranging from small chemical systems to large biological molecules and material assemblies. The simplest calculations can be performed by hand, but inevitably computers are required to perform molecular modelling of any reasonably sized system. The common feature of molecular modelling methods is the atomistic level description of the molecular systems. This may include treating atoms as the smallest individual unit (a molecular mechanics approach), or explicitly modelling protons and neutrons with its quarks, anti-quarks and gluons and electrons with its photons (a quantum chemistry approach).
Eaglehawk railway station
Eaglehawk railway station is located on the Piangil line in Victoria, Australia. It serves the north-western Bendigo suburb of Eaglehawk, and it opened on 19 September 1876.

A pedestrian subway once existed at the up end of the station, until it was filled in and replaced with a pedestrian crossing in 1967.

The Eaglehawk–Kerang electric staff section was replaced with staff and ticket in 1987. In 1989, the signal box, interlocking and goods yard at the station was abolished. A former goods shed and a small disused platform is located opposite the station.

In 2020, the station underwent a refurbishment, including new car park spaces and drop-off zones, an upgraded forecourt and an extension to the platform at the up end of the station.

Located approximately 1 km west of the station is the junction of the Piangil line and the disused Eaglehawk–Inglewood line.

Junction (rail)
A junction, in the context of rail transport, is a place at which two or more rail routes converge or diverge. The physical connection between the tracks of the two routes (assuming they are of the same gauge) is provided by turnouts (US: switches) and signalling.
Graveyard Shift (1990 film)
Graveyard Shift (also known as Stephen King's Graveyard Shift) is a 1990 American horror film directed by Ralph S. Singleton, written by John Esposito, starring David Andrews, Stephen Macht, Kelly Wolf, and Brad Dourif, and based on the 1970 short story of the same name by Stephen King which was first published in the October 1970 issue of Cavalier magazine, and later collected in King's 1978 collection Night Shift.

Graveyard Shift was released on October 26, 1990. The film received negative reviews from critics.

Cavalier (magazine)
Cavalier is an American magazine launched by Fawcett Publications in 1952 and which ran for decades, eventually evolving into a Playboy-style men's magazine.

In its original format, Cavalier was planned by Fawcett to feature novelettes and novel excerpts by Fawcett's Gold Medal authors, including Richard Prather and Mickey Spillane.
Pat Mora
Pat Mora (born January 19, 1942) is an American poet and author of books for adults, teens and children. A native of El Paso, Texas, her grandparents came to the city from northern Mexico. She graduated from the University of Texas at El Paso, received Honorary Doctorates from North Carolina State University and SUNY Buffalo, and was awarded American Library Association Honorary Membership. A literacy advocate, in 1996, she founded Children's Day, Book Day (Spanish: El día de los niños, El día de los libros), now celebrated across the country each year on April 30.

American Library Association Honorary Membership
Honorary Membership conferred by the American Library Association is the Association's highest award. "Honorary membership may be conferred on a living citizen of any country whose contribution to librarianship or a closely related field is so outstanding that it is of lasting importance to the advancement of the whole field of library service. It is intended to reflect honor upon the ALA as well as upon the individual." The Honorary Membership award was established in 1879.

The first Honorary Memberships were bestowed in 1879 to Charles William Eliot, President of Harvard University and Frederick O. Prince Trustee of the Boston Public Library.
Brian Leung Siu Fai
Brian Leung Siu Fai (Chinese: 梁兆輝; pinyin: Liáng Zhàohuī; born 7 April 1964) is a radio DJ/presenter in Hong Kong. He hosts "We Are Family" (自己人) and "Go West" (輝遊記) on RTHK Radio 2.
He has been working in broadcasting for two decades and has worked for radio stations like MetroRadio's 104 FM Select (now called MetroFinance) and CRHK.
He is fluent in Cantonese, English and Mandarin.

Commercial Radio Hong Kong
Commercial Radio Hong Kong (CRHK, Chinese: 香港商業電台), also known as Hong Kong Commercial Broadcasting Company Limited, is one of the two commercial radio broadcasting companies in Hong Kong, alongside Metro Radio Hong Kong. CRHK offers a variety of radio programs, including news and weather reports, music, and cultural arts.
Tecla Tum
Tecla Chebet Tum is a Kenyan politician who is currently Director of gender in the office of the President, She is a Former member of the National Assembly as county woman representative for Nandi County. She was a member of the Jubilee Party and currently UDA party.

She studied at University of Nairobi, Moi University and Denver University and worked at Moi University as a lecturer before her election to the National Assembly in 2017. She is a member of the Departmental Committee on Administration & National Security and the Departmental Committee on Sports, Tourism & Culture.

Moi University
Moi University is a public university located in Kesses, Eldoret town, Uasin Gishu county, in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya. It was established in 1984 by the Moi University Act of the Parliament of Kenya, after recommendations from the McKay Commission.
Chachuna Managed Reserve
Chachuna Managed Reserve (Georgian: ჭაჭუნის აღკვეთილი) is a protected area in the Dedoplistskaro Municipality in Kakheti region of Georgia in the south-eastern part of  the country near the border with Azerbaijan in floodplains of Iori River.
Chachuna Managed Reserve was established in order to protect forests on the banks of the Iori river and Dalis-Mta reservoir and it characteristic arid and semi-arid types of flora and fauna. On the reserve territory there are several bird hides for birdwatching.
Chachuni Managed Reserve was established in 1996 mostly on the territory of former Chachuni State Forestry which was in existence since 1965.
The Administration of Chachuna Managed Reserve is located in Dedoplistskaro in shared facility with Vashlovani Protected Areas Administration.

Aridity
Aridity is the condition of geographical regions which make up approximately 43% of total global available land area, characterized by low annual precipitation, increased temperatures, and limited water availability. These areas tend to fall upon degraded soils, and their health and functioning are key necessities of regulating ecosystems’ atmospheric components.
Claude Payton
Claude Duval Payton (March 30, 1882 in Centerville, Iowa – March 1, 1955 in Los Angeles, California) was an American actor in many silent films and other films.

On stage, Claude Payton toured with the Spooner Stock Company, which was headed by his brother, Corse Payton, and his sister, Cecil Spooner. By 1914, Claude was working at the Thanhouser film producing company in New Rochelle, New York, where he mainly played the roles of villains or lawmen in Western films. Although Claude Payton survived the transition from silent movies to films with sound, in 1935 he was mainly in minor supporting roles in films. Claude retired from the filmmaking business in the mid-1940s.

Villain
A villain (masculine), or villainess (feminine), also bad guy, baddy or baddie (sometimes known as a "black hat"), is a stock character, whether based on a historical narrative or one of literary fiction. Random House Unabridged Dictionary defines such a character as "a cruelly malicious person who is involved in or devoted to wickedness or crime; scoundrel; or a character in a play, novel, or the like, who constitutes an important evil agency in the plot". The antonym of a villain is a hero.

The villain's structural purpose is to serve as the opposite to the hero character, and their motives or evil actions drive a plot along. In contrast to the hero, who is defined by feats of ingenuity and bravery and the pursuit of justice and the greater good, a villain is often defined by their acts of selfishness, evilness, arrogance, cruelty, and cunning, displaying immoral behavior that can oppose or pervert justice.
The Mute's House
The Mute's House is a 2015 Israeli documentary film directed by Tamar Kay about the Rajabi's, a single mother and her son, both Palestinians living in the Jewish quarter of the West Bank city of Hebron. The film was produced by Ariel Richter and Tamar Kay as their thesis film at The Jerusalem Sam Spiegel Film & Television School. The film was well received by critics and audiences. In October 2016, the film was listed as one of the 10 shortlisted films to compete for the 89th Academy Award's Best Documentary Short Subject.

Sam Spiegel Film and Television School
The Sam Spiegel Film and Television School (Hebrew: בית הספר סם שפיגל לקולנוע ולטלוויזיה) is a film and television school in Jerusalem, Israel that was founded in 1989  as the Jerusalem School of Film. It was renamed in honor of Hollywood producer Sam Spiegel in 1996 with the acquisition of his estate.

As of August 2024. the school’s executive director is Dana Blankstein Cohen.

In September 2022 the school moved from its historic location in the Talpiot neighborhood to the new Jerusalem Arts Campus in central Jerusalem.
Sull'aria ... che soave zeffiretto
"Sull'aria ... che soave zeffiretto" (On the breeze ... What a gentle little Zephyr) is a duettino, or a short duet, from Act 3, scene X, of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's 1786 opera The Marriage of Figaro, K. 492, to a libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte. In the duettino, Countess Almaviva (a soprano) dictates to Susanna (also a soprano) the invitation to a tryst addressed to the countess' husband in a plot to expose his infidelity.

Köchel catalogue
The Köchel catalogue (German: Köchel-Verzeichnis) is a catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated K. or KV. Its numbers reflect the ongoing task of compiling the chronology of Mozart's works, and provide a shorthand reference to the compositions. For example, according to Köchel's counting, Requiem in D minor is the 626th piece Mozart composed, thus is designated K. 626.

Köchel's original catalogue (1862) has been revised several times. Catalogue numbers from these revised editions are indicated either by parentheses or by superscript: K. 49 (47d) or K.6 47d refers to the work numbered 47d in the sixth edition. The catalog was originally chronological, though revisions made chronological ordering of Mozart's works difficult and as of 2024 a new organizational system is used for the ninth version.
Roland Owie
Roland Stephen Owie KSJI
is from Ilobi village in isi community, he was elected Senator for the Edo South Senatorial District of Edo State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999. Owie is the pioneer chief whip of the senate after forming a team with then President of the Senate, Chuba Okadigbo.  Prior to him being a senator, he was elected into the House of Representative in 1979

After taking his seat in the Senate he was appointed to committees on Selection, Senate Services, Power & Steel, Agriculture, Water Resources and Drug & Narcotics.

Roland Stephen Owie also contested in the 2003 Governorship Election on the party ANPP but was defeated by Lucky Igbinedion. Roland Owie introduced the bill that established the Nigerian Security Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC).

Auchi Polytechnic
Auchi Polytechnic is a Federal Polytechnic in Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria. It is one of the first four Polytechnics established in Nigeria and has 9050 students as of 2021. It is located along Benin – Okene Road,  Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria.
Hugo Theodor Christoph
Hugo Theodor Christoph (16 April 1831 – 5 November 1894) was a German and Russian entomologist.

Born in Herrnhut in Saxony, Hugo Theodor Christoph moved to Russia in 1858. He became a member of the Russian Entomological Society in 1861. From 1880, he was curator of the Lepidoptera collection of Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia.

His own collection was sold to Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham, a member of the Royal Entomological Society, and it is now in the Natural History Museum in London.

Russian Entomological Society
The Russian Entomological Society is a Russian scientific society devoted to entomology.

The Society was founded in 1859 in St. Petersburg by Karl Ernst von Baer, Johann Friedrich von Brandt who was then the director of the Zoological Museum of the Russian Academy of Science, Ya. A. Kushakevich, Colonel Alexander Karlovich Manderstern, Alexander von Middendorff and Colonel of General Staff Victor Ivanovitsch Motschulsky. Another society founder was Ferdinand Morawitz.

Karl v. Baer was elected the first president of the Society.
North 24 Parganas: minority concentrated district
North 24 Parganas district with 24.22% Muslims (in 2001) has been identified as a minority concentrated district by the Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. 11 districts in West Bengal has been identified as minority concentrated districts, all in Muslim minority category: Murshidabad, Malda, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur, Birbhum, Nadia, Bardhaman, Howrah, North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas and Cooch Behar. After these districts were identified Bardhaman district has been bifurcated into Purba Bardhaman district and Paschim Bardhaman district. All of these districts lie along the Bangladesh border (exception being Birbhum, Howrah & the 2 Bardhamans), hence the growth of Muslim population in these districts is allegedly by the Bharatiya Janata Party to be driven by illegal immigration.

Uttar Dinajpur district
Uttar Dinajpur (Bengali pronunciation: [utːor dinad͡ʒpur]), also known as North Dinajpur, is one of the 23 districts of the state of West Bengal in India. The district is the part of Malda Division. Raiganj city is the headquarters of the district. This district bifurcated on 1 April 1992 from the erstwhile West Dinajpur district.