hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bampton Lectures
The Bampton Lectures at the University of Oxford, England, were founded by a bequest of John Bampton. They have taken place since 1780. On a number of occasions, especially in the 19th century, they attracted great interest and controversy.

Originally a series of lectures was held annually. In 1896 the income from the agricultural estate which formed the original bequest had reduced so much that the year's lectures were cancelled; since then they have usually been every two years. They continue to concentrate on Christian theological topics. It is a condition of the Bampton Bequest that the lectures are published by the lecturer; they have traditionally been published in book form, and recent ones are available as video recordings.

Project Canterbury
Project Canterbury (sometimes abbreviated as PC) is an online archive of material related to the history of Anglicanism. It was founded by Richard Mammana, Jr. in 1999 with a grant from Episcopal Church Presiding Bishop Frank T. Griswold, and is hosted by the non-profit Society of Archbishop Justus. The episcopal patron of the site was Terry Brown, retired bishop of Malaita in the Church of the Province of Melanesia; Geoffrey Rowell Bishop of Gibraltar in Europe had also served in this capacity from 1999 until his death. Volunteer transcribers prepare material for the site, which incorporates modern scholarly material, primary source texts, photographic images and engravings.
Ellingwood Point
Ellingwood Point is a high mountain summit in the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 14,054.9-foot (4,284 m) fourteener is located on the Sierra Blanca Massif, 9.9 miles (16.0 km) north by east (bearing 7°) of the Town of Blanca, Colorado, United States, on the drainage divide separating the Rio Grande National Forest and Alamosa County from the San Isabel National Forest and Huerfano County. Ellingwood Point was named in honor of Albert Russell Ellingwood, an early pioneer of mountain climbing in the Western United States and in Colorado in particular.

Alamosa County, Colorado
Alamosa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,376. The county seat is Alamosa. The county name is the Spanish language word for a grove of cottonwood trees.
Liam Sanford
Liam Sanford (born 14 March 1996) is an English field hockey player who plays as a defender for Old Georgians and the England and Great Britain national teams. He competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2024 Summer Olympics.

England men's national field hockey team
The England men's national field hockey team competes in most major international tournaments except the Olympic Games. England's only appearance at the Olympics was at London 1908 when they won gold; since then English players have competed at the Olympics as part of the combined Great Britain national field hockey team.

England's best finish in the Hockey World Cup was as runners-up to champions Australia in 1986, which was also held in London. They won the bronze medal at the inaugural Commonwealth Games hockey tournament in 1998 in Kuala Lumpur, as well as in 2014 in Glasgow and in Birmingham in 2022.
Second encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet
The second encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government that was intended to destroy Chinese Communist Party's Honghu Soviet and its Chinese Red Army. The Red Army successfully defended their soviet republic against Nationalist attacks from 1 March, 1931 to early June, 1931.

Honghu
Honghu (Chinese: 洪湖市; pinyin: Hónghú Shì) is a county-level city in the municipal region of Jingzhou, in the central south of Hubei province. The city lies on the northwest (left) bank of the Yangtze River, across from Hunan Province and Xianning, Hubei. It is named after the adjacent Hong Lake.

As of 2000, Honghu City had a  population of 335,618 or more people.
Djobi Djoba
"Djobi, Djoba" is a hit song by the Gipsy Kings, a French-Calé rumba flamenca band. It was initially released in 1982 as an acoustic version on their debut album Allegria. In 1987, the song was re-recorded and released as a single. This version is from their self-titled third album. Along with other hits from the same album such as "Bamboléo" and "Un Amor", "Djobi Djoba" helped rocket the Gipsy Kings to European popularity, before they gained popularity in America in 1989.

The song is very similar to an earlier song by El Príncipe Gitano titled "Obí obá".

El Príncipe Gitano
Enrique Castellón Vargas (7 April 1928 – 22 April 2020), better known as El Príncipe Gitano ("The Gypsy Prince") was a Spanish flamenco singer, actor and dancer. He was the brother of rumba singer Dolores Vargas "La Terremoto".
Orangel Maestre
Orangel Maestre Socarrás (born 1961), also known as El Pangue, is a Colombian vallenato accordionist. He was crowned vallenato king in 1984 for winning the professional accordionist competition of the Vallenato Legend Festival. He has recorded albums with singers including Silvio Brito and Iván Villazón.

Vallenato
Vallenato (Latin American Spanish pronunciation: [baʝeˈnato]) is a popular folk music genre from Colombia. It primarily comes from its Caribbean region. Vallenato literally means "born in the valley".  The valley influencing this name is located between the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serranía de Perijá in north-east Colombia. The name also applies to the people from the city where this genre originated: Valledupar (from the place named Valle de Upar – "Valley of Upar"). In 2006, vallenato and cumbia were added as a category in the Latin Grammy Awards. Colombia's traditional vallenato music is Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding, according to UNESCO.
Oriel Monongoaha
Oriel Monongoaha was a South African activist. In the 1940s, Monongoaha became a squatter leader in Orlando West, like Schreiner Baduza in Alexandra township and Abel Ntoi in Pimville. After land invasions occurred, he helped to protect them against eviction and at the Tobruk camp took on a juridical battle, hiring two law firms and four lawyers. Observing the United Party's attempts to repress squatting he commented it was like a farmer trying to rid his land of birds: "he chases the birds from one part of his field and they alight in another part".

Orlando, Soweto
Orlando is a township in the urban area of Soweto, South Africa. The township was founded in 1931 and named after Edwin Orlando Leake, mayor of Johannesburg from 1925 to 1926. It is divided in two main areas: Orlando West and Orlando East.
Samsung Ativ Tab 7
The Samsung Ativ Tab 7, XE700T1C or previously known as Samsung Ativ Smart PC Pro, is a 11.6-inch (29 cm) tablet manufactured by Samsung. The Ativ Tab 7 was announced on August 29, 2012 at IFA 2012 in Berlin, incorporates a dual-core 1.8 GHz Intel Core i5 - 3337U processor, and runs the Windows 8 operating system.

The incorporation of Windows 8 has received mostly favourable reviews. Also the Ativ Tab 7 itself received positive reviews for its lightweight design, inclusion of S-Pen, and its overall performance for a device positioned as a high-end device.

IFA Berlin
The IFA (/ˈifɑː/ EE-fah), or Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin (International radio exhibition Berlin, a.k.a. 'Berlin Radio Show'), is one of the oldest industrial exhibitions in Germany. Between 1924 and 1939 it was an annual event, but from 1950 it was held every other year until 2005. Since then it has become an annual event again, held in September. Today it is one of the world's leading trade shows for consumer electronics and home appliances.

It offers the opportunity to exhibitors to present their latest products and developments to the general public. As a result of daily reporting in almost all the German media, the radio exhibition and the showcased technology receives a large amount of attention around the globe. In the course of its history, many world innovations were first seen at the exhibition.

As of 2015 IFA is "Europe's biggest tech show". 245,000 visitors and 1,645 exhibitors attended IFA 2015.
At the Kabuki Theatre
At The Kabuki Theatre is a live album by American psychedelic rock band Quicksilver Messenger Service. The last four tracks are taken from studio rehearsal tapes, probably made in 1970 and not in 1969 which is stated on the album cover.

Gary Duncan
Gary Duncan (born Eugene Duncan, Jr., adopted at birth and named Gary Ray Grubb, September 4, 1946 – June 29, 2019) was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter.  He was guitarist with The Brogues, then most notably with Quicksilver Messenger Service, where the complex interplay between himself and fellow-guitarist John Cipollina did much to define the unique sound of that San Francisco based band.
Lophophine
Lophophine, also known as 2C-MMDA-1, 5-methoxy-MDPEA, or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MMDPEA or MMDPEA-1), is a psychedelic drug of the methylenedioxyphenethylamine family. It is the α-demethylated homologue of MMDA, and is also closely related to mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) and MDPEA. Lophophine has been encountered as a novel designer drug.

Demethylation
Demethylation is the chemical process resulting in the removal of a methyl group (CH3) from a molecule. A common way of demethylation is the replacement of a methyl group by a hydrogen atom, resulting in a net loss of one carbon and two hydrogen atoms.

The counterpart of demethylation is methylation.
Compiano
Compiano (Parmigiano: Cumpiàn) is a medieval walled town in the Taro Valley (Parmesan Apennines), a 50 minute-drive to the Ligurian Sea and Parma. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

The top of Compiano's hill is home to the medieval Castello di Compiano.

Province of Parma
The province of Parma (Italian: provincia di Parma) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its largest town and capital is the city of Parma.

It is made up of 47 comuni (sg.: comune). It has an area of 3,449 square kilometres (1,332 sq mi) and a total population of around 450,000.

The province is bordered by the province of Reggio Emilia to the east, the Piacenza to the west, Lombardy's provinces of Cremona and Mantua to the north and by Liguria's provinces of La Spezia and Genoa and Tuscany's Province of Massa-Carrara to the south.
Svensen, Oregon
Svensen is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) on the Columbia River in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States, named after early settler Peter Svensen. As of the 2020 census, Svensen had a population of 853. There was a post office in Svensen from 1895 to 1944. Since the closure of the Svensen Post Office, mail service has been provided by rural carriers of the Astoria, Oregon post office. Svensen is within the Knappa School District.

Rural letter carrier
Rural letter carriers are United States Postal Service and Canada Post employees who deliver mail in what are traditionally considered rural and suburban areas of the United States and Canada. Before Rural Free Delivery (RFD), rural Americans and Canadians were required to go to a post office to get their mail.
Sam Oud
Samuel Victor Alexander Oud (born 3 September 1978 in Woerden) is a Dutch slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1995 to 2005.

Oud won a silver medal in the K1 team event at the 2003 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Augsburg. He represented the Netherlands at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where he finished in eighth in the K1 event.

Canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's slalom K-1
These are the results of the men's K-1 slalom competition in canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics.  The K-1 (kayak single) event is raced by one-man kayaks through a whitewater course.  The venue for the 2004 Olympic competition was the Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre at the Helliniko Olympic Complex.
Berenguer Ramon
Berenguer Ramon or Berengar Raymond might refer to:

Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Barcelona "The Hunchback", (1005–1035)

Berenguer Ramon II, Count of Barcelona "The Fratricide", (1050s–1090s)

Berenguer Ramon, Count of Provence (1115–1144)

Berenguer Ramon, Count of Provence
Berenguer Ramon (Catalan: Berenguer Ramon) (1115–1144) was the count of Provence (1131–1144). He was the younger son of Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence. While his older brother Raymond Berengar received Barcelona (his father's inheritance), he received Provence (his mother's).

In 1132, Berenguer was in a succession war against Alfonso Jordan, Count of Toulouse, over the county of Melgueil. Alfonso was defeated and Berenguer married Beatrice, heiress of Melgueil. His reign was occupied in wars with the family of Baux, which claimed the county of Provence. Berenguer also took an offensive against Genoa, but died at Melgueil in 1144. His son Raymond Berengar succeeded him in Provence, but the county of Melgueil went to Beatrice' second husband, Bernard V Pelet, and their daughter Ermessende of Pelet.
Beds in sheds
"Beds in sheds" refers to substandard and usually illegal housing in the United Kingdom, particularly in Greater London. It is characterised by garden sheds being converted into living accommodation for private rent.

Following the prevalence of "beds in sheds", Newham Council introduced compulsory licensing for residential landlords.

Newham London Borough Council
Newham London Borough Council /ˈnjuːəm/ ⓘ also known as Newham Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Newham in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It has been led by a directly elected mayor since 2002. The council meets at both Newham Town Hall in East Ham and at the Old Town Hall, Stratford, and has its main offices at 1000 Dockside Road, overlooking the Royal Albert Dock.
Stenostomum aromaticum
Stenostomum aromaticum, synonym Antirhea aromatica, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to eastern Mexico (the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz). It is an endangered species, threatened by habitat loss.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Outline of Croatia
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Croatia:

Croatia – unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean.  The country's population is 4 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.  Croatia is a member of the European Union (since July 2013) and of NATO (since April 2009).

Counties of Croatia
The counties of Croatia (Croatian: hrvatske županije) are the first-level administrative subdivisions of the Republic of Croatia. Since they were re-established in 1992, Croatia has been divided into 20 counties and the capital city of Zagreb, which has the authority and legal status of both a county and a city (separate from the surrounding Zagreb County). As of 2015, the counties are subdivided into 128 cities and 428 (mostly rural) municipalities. The divisions have changed over time since the medieval Croatian state. They reflected territorial losses and expansions; changes in the political status of Dalmatia, Dubrovnik and Istria; and political circumstances, including the personal union and subsequent development of relations between the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and the Kingdom of Hungary.
Tom Byrne House
The Tom Byrne House, in Lincoln County, Idaho near Shoshone, Idaho was built in 1914 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

It is a one-story lava rock house built by the Hayden brothers, and has some elements of Colonial Revival style.  It is about 25 by 31 feet (7.6 m × 9.4 m) in plan.

It is located northeast of Shoshone.

Shoshone, Idaho
Shoshone (/ʃoʊˈʃoʊn/ shoh-SHOHN) is the county seat of and the largest city in Lincoln County, Idaho, United States. The population was 1,653 at the 2020 census. In contrast to the Shoshone Native American tribe for which it is named, the city's name is correctly pronounced "Show-shown", with a silent "e".
Mary Lou (1928 film)
Mary Lou (German:Mary-Lou) is a 1928 German silent film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring Lya Mara, Fred Louis Lerch and Ivan Koval-Samborsky.

The film's art direction was by Andrej Andrejew. It was released by the German branch of First National Pictures.

First National Pictures
First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the country's largest theater chain. Expanding from exhibiting movies to distributing them, the company reincorporated in 1919 as Associated First National Theatres, Inc., and Associated First National Pictures, Inc. In 1924 it expanded to become a motion picture production company as First National Pictures, Inc., and became an important studio in the film industry. In September 1928, control of First National passed to Warner Bros., into which it was completely absorbed on November 4, 1929. A number of Warner Bros. films were thereafter branded First National Pictures until July 1936, when First National Pictures, Inc., was dissolved.
1984 Pro Bowl
The 1984 Pro Bowl was the 34th Pro Bowl, the annual all-star game of the National Football League (NFL), and featured the outstanding performers from the 1983 season. The game was contested by teams representing the National Football Conference (NFC) and American Football Conference (AFC), and played on January 29, 1984, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii before a crowd of 50,445. The NFC won the game 45–3.

Chuck Knox of the Seattle Seahawks led the AFC team against an NFC team coached by San Francisco 49ers head coach Bill Walsh. The referee was Jerry Seeman.

Joe Theismann of the Washington Redskins was named the game's Most Valuable Player. Players on the winning NFC team received $10,000 apiece while the AFC participants each took home $5,000.

Chuck Knox
Charles Robert Knox (April 27, 1932 – May 12, 2018) was an American football coach at the high school, collegiate and professional levels. He served as head coach of three National Football League (NFL) teams, the Los Angeles Rams (1973–1977; 1992–1994), Buffalo Bills (1978–1982), and Seattle Seahawks (1983–1991). He was a three-time AP NFL Coach of the Year and is a member of the Seahawks Ring of Honor.
Indecomposable continuum
In point-set topology, an indecomposable continuum is a continuum that is indecomposable, i.e. that cannot be expressed as the union of any two of its proper subcontinua. In 1910, L. E. J. Brouwer was the first to describe an indecomposable continuum.

Indecomposable continua have been used by topologists as a source of counterexamples. They also occur in dynamical systems.

Counterexample
A counterexample is a specific example that contradicts a claim, hypothesis, or generalization. In logic a counterexample disproves a universally stated claim, and does so rigorously in the fields of mathematics and philosophy. For example, the statement that "student John Smith is not lazy" is a counterexample to the generalization "students are lazy", and both a counterexample to, and disproof of, the universal quantification "all students are lazy."
First Karunanidhi ministry
After C. N. Annadurai died, an acting ministry was elected. The election of M. Karunanidhi as the leader of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam  Legislature Party the interim Council of Ministers headed by V. R. Nedunchezhiyan resigned on 10 February 1969 and the Governor appointed M. Karunanidhi as Chief Minister on 10 February 1969.

V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
V. R. Nedunchezhiyan (11 July 1920 – 12 January 2000) was an Indian politician and writer. He served twice as the interim Chief Minister of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. He served as a senior cabinet minister under the governments of C. N. Annadurai, M. Karunanidhi, M. G. Ramachandran and J. Jayalalithaa. For his literary contributions, he was also known as "Navalar" or the eloquent.
Diler Khan
Diler Khan Daudzai was a Mughal general who served under Aurangzeb and was the governor of Awadh. He is known for engaging in battle and killing Murarbaji, the military general of Shivaji and the in-charge of Purandar Forts. His brother's name was Nawab Bahadur Khan. Diler Khan and Bahadur Khan together established the famous district Shahjahanpur located in Uttar Pradesh. He was also responsible for the Mughal victory over Shivaji in the Battle of Bhupalgarh.

Awadh
Awadh (Hindi: [əˈʋədʱ] ⓘ), known in British Raj historical texts as Avadh or Oudh, is a historical region in northern India, now constituting the central portion of Uttar Pradesh. It is roughly synonymous with the ancient Kosala region of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain scriptures.

It was a province of all the major Islamic dynasties in India including the Mughal Empire. With the decline of late Mughal Delhi, Awadh became a major source of literary, artistic, religious, and architectural patronage in northern India under the rule of its eleven rulers, called Nawabs. From 1720 to 1856, the nawabs presided over Awadh, with Ayodhya and Faizabad serving as the region's initial capitals. Later, the capital was relocated to Lucknow, which is now the capital of Uttar Pradesh.

The British conquered Awadh in 1856, which infuriated Indians and was recognised as a factor causing the Indian Rebellion (1857-58), the biggest Indian uprising against British rule.
Baihugou Manchu and Mongol Ethnic Township
Baihugou Manchu and Mongol Ethnic Township (Chinese: 白虎沟满族蒙古族乡; pinyin: Báihǔgōu Mǎnzú Měnggǔzú Xiāng) is a rural township located in Longhua County, Chengde, Hebei, China. According to the 2010 census, Baihugou Manchu and Mongol Ethnic Township had a population of 5,969, including 3,045 males and 2,924 females. The population was distributed as follows: 1,251 people aged under 14, 4,094 people aged between 15 and 64, and 624 people aged over 65.

Chengde
Chengde, formerly known as Jehol and Rehe, is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province, situated about 225 kilometres (140 mi) northeast of Beijing. It is best known as the site of the Mountain Resort, a vast imperial garden and palace formerly used by the Qing emperors as summer residence. Its local dialect is also known for being the closest to Standard Chinese, which took several inspirations from the Chengde dialect. The permanent resident population is approximately 3,473,200 in 2017. At the end of 2024, the total resident population of the city was 3,285,700, a decrease of 16,500 from the end of the previous year. The urbanization rate of the resident population is 59.77%.