hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Physical art
Physical art, as contrasted with conceptual art, refers to art that entirely exists in physical reality, in space and time.  Its ontological status is that it is a physical object.  The art is concretely realized but may be abstract in nature.  For example, a painting, sculpture, or performance exists in the physical world. This is contrasted to conceptual art, some but not all kinds of performance art, computer software, or objects of mathematical beauty, such as a mathematical proof, which do not exist in the mental world or in physical world, but have other ontological status, such as in Plato's world of ideals.  Here, the art may be realized in the physical world, such as a mathematical proof written on a chalkboard, but refer to objects that exists in the mind as concepts, not physical objects.  A music performance is physical, while the composition, like computer software, is not.

Space
Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.

In the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are non-Euclidean, in which space is conceived as curved, rather than flat, as in the Euclidean space. According to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, space around gravitational fields deviates from Euclidean space. Experimental tests of general relativity have confirmed that non-Euclidean geometries provide a better model for the shape of space.
Turned v
Turned v (majuscule: Ʌ, minuscule: ʌ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, based on a turned form of the letter V.

It is used in the orthographies of Dan, Ch’ol, Nankina, Northern Tepehuán, Temne, Oneida, and Wounaan and also some orthographies of Ibibio.

Its lowercase is used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent an open-mid back unrounded vowel, the vowel in plus in many dialects of English.

Despite the similarity in appearance, the letter has no connection to the Greek Λ or Cyrillic Л.

Temne language
Temne (also Themne, Timne; IPA: [t̪emnɛ]) is a language of the Mel branch of the Niger–Congo language family, spoken by the Temne people. Temne speakers live mostly in the Northern Province and Western Area, Sierra Leone. Temne people can be found in a number of other West African countries as well, including Guinea. Some Temnes have also migrated beyond West Africa seeking educational and professional opportunities, especially in Great Britain, and the United States.
Future Vertical Lift
Future Vertical Lift (FVL) is a plan to develop a family of military helicopters for the United States Armed Forces.  Five different sizes of aircraft are to be developed, sharing common hardware such as sensors, avionics, engines, and countermeasures. The U.S. Army has been considering the program since 2004. FVL is meant to develop replacements for the Army's UH-60 Black Hawk, AH-64 Apache, CH-47 Chinook, and OH-58 Kiowa helicopters. The precursor for FVL is the Joint Multi-Role (JMR) helicopter program.

Avionics
Avionics (a portmanteau of aviation and electronics) are the electronic systems used on aircraft. Avionic systems include communications, navigation, the display and management of multiple systems, and the hundreds of systems that are fitted to aircraft to perform individual functions. These can be as simple as a searchlight for a police helicopter or as complicated as the tactical system for an airborne early warning platform.
Ring protection
In a telecommunication network, a ring network affords fault tolerance to the network because there are two paths between any two nodes on the network. Ring protection is the system used to assure communication continues in the event of failure of one of the paths. There are two widely used protection architectures: 1+1 protection and 1:1 protection.

Telecommunications network
A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching to pass messages and signals.

Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass a message from an originating node to a destination node via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a network address for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address space of the network.

Examples of telecommunications networks include computer networks, the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the global Telex network, the aeronautical ACARS network, and the wireless radio networks of cell phone telecommunication providers.
Utah World War II Army Airfields
During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) established numerous airfields in Utah for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers.

Most of these airfields were under the command of Second Air Force or the Army Air Forces Training Command (AAFTC). However the other USAAF support commands (including Air Technical Service Command (ATSC)) commanded airfields in support roles.

In addition to AAF airfields, Dugway Army Air Field was established at Dugway Proving Ground, which had been established by the Chemical Warfare Service to test chemical attacks and defences. It is now Michael Army Airfield.

Many of the airfields were converted into municipal airports, some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes.

Dugway Proving Ground
Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) is a United States Army facility established in 1942 to test biological and chemical weapons, located about 85 miles (137 km) southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah, and 13 miles (21 km) south of the 2,624-square-mile (6,800 km2) Utah Test and Training Range.
Domnall Mór Ua Briain
Domnall Mór Ua Briain, or Domnall Mór mac Toirrdelbaig Uí Briain, was King of Thomond in Ireland from 1168 to 1194 and a claimant to the title King of Munster. He was also styled King of Limerick, a title belonging to the O'Brien dynasty since Brian Boru's sacking of the Hiberno-Norse city state after the Battle of Sulcoit in the 10th century.

Burning of Luimneach
The Burning of Luimneach was the looting and destruction of the Viking stronghold of Limerick (Luimneach) by the Irish Dál gCais tribe of Munster. The Dál gCais were led by the two warrior brothers, Brian Boru and Mathgamain mac Cennétig while the Vikings had no type of official leadership. The king of the Vikings, Ivar of Limerick, and his troops had scattered into the woods of Tipperary a few hours before after a crushing defeat at the Battle of Sulcoit. In the Dál gCais' leader's notes he quoted, "The entire city was reduced to smoke and ash. Any man fit for war was killed and the rest were enslaved".
Gambrell
Gambrell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Billy Gambrell (born 1941), American football player

David H. Gambrell (1929–2021), American politician

Dorothy Gambrell (fl. 1999), American cartoonist who writes and draws the online comic strip Cat and Girl

Dylan Gambrell (born 1996), American ice hockey player

James Bruton Gambrell (1841–1921), American Baptist minister

Jamey Gambrell (1954–2020), American translator of Russian literature, and expert in modern art

Marilyn Gambrell (fl. 1993), American parole officer turned teacher

Michael Gambrell (born 1958), American politician

Dorothy Gambrell
Dorothy Gambrell is a cartoonist who writes and draws the online comic strip Cat and Girl in addition to the blog very small array. Her work has appeared in the literary journal Backwards City Review and the Anton Chekhov anthology The Other Chekhov, and had appeared regularly in the literary journal Grasslimb. As of 2023, she is a contributing graphics editor for Bloomberg Businessweek.

Additionally, Dorothy played guitar in the self-styled "last uncool band in Brooklyn," The Vandervoorts. Following her move to Tucson, Gambrell became part of The Basement Apartments. She has also played in the band Jenny and the Holzers.

She grew up on Long Island, New York, and attended Williams College. She has lived Tucson, Arizona and in Brooklyn, New York.
Hangatahua River
The Hangatahua River, alternatively known as the Stony River, is a river of the Taranaki Region of New Zealand. It is one of the larger of the numerous rivers and streams which drain the slopes of Mount Taranaki, receiving water from streams covering most of the northwest sector of the mountain. In addition it drains the southern flank of the Pouakai complex and the alpine Ahukawakawa Swamp.
The river's upper reaches lie within Egmont National Park.

The Hangatahua River forms the boundary between New Plymouth District and South Taranaki District.

The river was considered Taranaki's best trout fishery until severe erosion and land instability in the river's headwaters since 1997 caused high sediment loads.

New Plymouth District
The New Plymouth District (Māori: Te Rohe o Ngāmotu) is one of the districts of New Zealand within Taranaki. It includes the city of New Plymouth and smaller towns such as Bell Block, Waitara, Ōakura and Inglewood.

In 1989, as a part of New Zealand-wide reorganisation of local government, New Plymouth City Council was merged with North Taranaki District Council, Inglewood District Council, and Clifton County Council to form the New Plymouth District Council.
Shinobi: Heart Under Blade
Shinobi: Heart Under Blade is a 2005 Japanese romantic drama film directed by Ten Shimoyama and written by Kenya Hirata. It is an adaptation of Futaro Yamada's novel The Kouga Ninja Scrolls, although the characters are highly altered. It depicts the clash between two ninja clans, Iga and Kouga, and the fated love between Gennosuke (Kouga) and Oboro (Iga). The film's theme song was "Heaven" by Ayumi Hamasaki.

The film was released by Shochiku on September 15, 2005. On February 6, 2007, Funimation released the film on home video in the North America. The contents of the DVD is a 2-Disc Set with the main movie available in Japanese and an English dub. The 2nd Disc contains Special Features and making-ofs. All of the films are subtitled in English.

Joe Odagiri
Jō Odagiri (Japanese: 小田切 譲, romanized: Odagiri Jō; born 16 February 1976), better known by his stage name Joe Odagiri (オダギリ ジョー, Odagiri Jō), is a Japanese actor. He is most famous for portraying Yusuke Godai, the titular hero of the 2000 tokusatsu series Kamen Rider Kuuga.
Theosophical Society in America
The Theosophical Society in America (TSA) is a member-based nonprofit organization dedicated to the teaching of Theosophy and affiliated with the international Theosophical Society based in Adyar, Chennai, India. The name "Theosophical Society in America" was legally adopted by the American Theosophical Society in 1934. Previously, other organizations had used the same name during the years 1895–98 and 1898–1908.

Katherine Tingley
Katherine Augusta Westcott Tingley  (July 6, 1847 – July 11, 1929) was a social worker and prominent Theosophist. She led the American Section of the Theosophical Society after W. Q. Judge. She founded and led the Theosophical community Lomaland in Point Loma, San Diego.
Oxolamine
Oxolamine is a cough suppressant that is available as a generic drug in many jurisdictions.

Oxolamine also has anti-inflammatory activity, which causes a reduction in irritation of the nerve receptors of the respiratory tract.

It is mainly used for the treatment of pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis and pertussis.

Oxolamine is not approved in the USA, it may be marketed elsewhere internationally as a cough suppressant. It is listed as a prescription drug in New Zealand legislation. Oxolamine is also approved in Taiwan for the treatment of respiratory tract inflammation.

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to any drug, substance or mechanism that reduces inflammation by lessening the redness, swelling, fever, or pain and loss of function which are part of bodies inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory drugs are agents that inhibit action or production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, histamines and prostaglandins. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain.

Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies.
Haemaphysalis leporispalustris
Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, the rabbit tick (occasionally known as the grouse tick), is a species of tick that is widely distributed in the Americas, stretching from Alaska to Argentina. H. leporispalustris is known to have one of the largest distributions for a tick originating in the New World. It is a three-host tick and a member of the family Ixodidae, commonly called the "hard ticks," and the genus Haemaphysalis. Its common hosts are rabbits (such as Sylvilagus spp.), hares (Lepus spp.), and sometimes ground-feeding birds. H. leporispalustris has a rigid scutum and a prominent capitulum projecting forward from its body and is often said to look like the "wood tick". It has a hemimetabolic life cycle. H. leporispalustris does not play  a prominent role in disease transmission in humans but is a vector for disease in other animals.

Gnathosoma
The gnathosoma (from Greek γνάθος, gnáthos = "jaw" and σώμα, sóma = "body") is the part of the body of the Acari (mites and ticks) comprising the mouth and feeding parts. These are the hypostome, the chelicerae and the pedipalps. It is also called the capitulum (however, this word also has other meanings). It is separated from the main body of the animal (the idiosoma) by a flexible section of the cuticle called the circumcapitular furrow or circumcapitular suture.
Kendall Albert Johnson
Kendall Albert Johnson (born 1969) is a scholar of American literature and history. He is a full professor of Literature and the Head of the School of English at the University of Hong Kong, where he was previously a full professor of American Studies in the School of Modern Languages and Cultures (SMLC). He has also served as the Head of the SMLC (2011–2017) and as Director of the American Studies Programme (2010–2014).  In 2022 he became Head of the School of English at the University of Hong Kong.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Julnar
Julnar

Julnar, a character from Arabian Nights, also known as The Seaborn, the heroine of nights 738–756.

Julnar of the Sea, ballet choreographed by Ted Shawn

Julnar (ship), paddle steamer sunk in the Mesopotamian campaign

Julnar (crater), named after the character

SS Julnar
Julnar was a 900-ton, 210-ft long river steamer built in 1908 by E. Rennie and Co. of Greenwich, London, for the Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company.

The ship, modified and renamed HMS Julnar, was sunk in 1916 while attempting to steam upriver past Ottoman guns to re-supply British forces under siege in Kut-al-Amara during the Mesopotamian Campaign. During this action, the ship was commanded by Lieutenant Humphrey Firman R.N., assisted by Lieutenant Commander Charles Cowley R.N.V.R., both of whom were posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross.
1938 Bolivarian Games
The I Bolivarian Games (Spanish: Juegos Bolivarianos) were a multi-sport event held between August 6–22, 1938, in Bogotá, Colombia, at the Estadio El Campín, for the city's 400th anniversary. The Games were organized by the Bolivarian Sports Organization (ODEBO).

The Games were officially opened by Colombian president Alfonso López Pumarejo, accompanied by Alberto Nariño Cheyne from the Colombian Olympic Committee, Colonel Leopoldo Piedrahita from the local organizing committee, and Gustavo Santos, mayor of the city of Bogotá.

A detailed history of the early editions of the Bolivarian Games between 1938
and 1989 was published in a book written (in Spanish) by José Gamarra
Zorrilla, former president of the Bolivian Olympic Committee, and first
president (1976-1982) of ODESUR.  Gold medal winners from Ecuador were published by the Comité Olímpico Ecuatoriano.

The official posters for the Games were designed by Colombian artist Sergio Trujillo Magnenat.

Colombian Olympic Committee
The Colombian Olympic Committee (COC; Spanish: Comité Olímpico Colombiano; IOC Code: COL) is the governing Olympic body of Colombia. Its mission is the coordination of efforts to protect the Olympic movement and consolidate its development, compliance with the rules of the Olympic Charter and promote the preparation, selection and participation of athletes in the Olympic Games and other national and international competitions.

The Colombian Olympic Committee is headquartered in Bogotá, Colombia.
Academia Nacional del Tango de la República Argentina
34°36′31″S 58°22′42″W﻿ / ﻿34.6086417°S 58.3782453°W﻿ / -34.6086417; -58.3782453

Academia Nacional del Tango de la República Argentina is an institution in Buenos Aires, Argentina, located in the Avenida de Mayo above the Café Tortoni.

Avenida de Mayo
May Avenue (Spanish: Avenida de Mayo) is an avenue in Buenos Aires, capital of Argentina. It connects the Plaza de Mayo with Congressional Plaza, and extends 1.5 km (0.93 mi) in a west–east direction before merging into Rivadavia Avenue.
Billy MacKay (cricketer)
William Gilfellon Mackay (15 October 1891 – 8 August 1962) was an English cricketer. MacKay was a right-handed batsman. He was born at Shiremoor, Northumberland.

MacKay made his debut for Northumberland against Durham in the 1920 Minor Counties Championship at Osborne Avenue, Jesmond. He played minor counties cricket for Northumberland from 1920 to 1939, making 146 appearances for the county in the Minor Counties Championship, the last of which came against Norfolk. Playing minor counties cricket for Northumberland allowed MacKay to be selected to play for a combined Minor Counties cricket team, with him making a single first-class appearance for the team against Lancashire at Old Trafford in 1929. Only one innings was possible during the match because of rain, with Lancashire making 370/6 declared.

He died at High Heaton, Northumberland, on 8 August 1962.

Declaration and forfeiture
In the sport of cricket, a declaration occurs when a captain declares their team's innings closed and a forfeiture occurs when a captain chooses to forfeit an innings without batting. Declaration and forfeiture are covered in Law 15 of the Laws of Cricket. This concept applies only to matches in which each team is scheduled to bat in two innings; Law 15 specifically does not apply in any form of limited overs cricket.
2023 Spikers' Turf Invitational Conference
The 2023 Spikers' Turf Invitational Conference was the seventeenth conference and the end of the sixth season of the Spikers' Turf. The tournament began from October 20 to December 15, 2023, at the Paco Arena, Paco, Manila.

This was the inaugural Invitational conference of the league, with a format similar to the Premier Volleyball League. This is the first conference where a foreign club, Maruichi Hyogo of Japan, participated in the league.

The Sta. Elena-NU Nationals beat the Cignal HD Spikers in a thrilling 5-setter knockout match in the finals, the first of its kind in the history of the league. The visiting Maruichi Hyogo then bagged the bronze medal after defeating Saints and Lattes-Letran in another five-set match. Vince Himzon of Letran clinched the MVP of the Conference, and Jade Disquitado was awarded the MVP of the Finals.

Philippine Standard Time
Philippine Standard Time (PST or PhST; Filipino: Pamantayang Oras ng Pilipinas), also known as Philippine Time (PHT), is the official name for the time zone used in the Philippines. The country only uses a single time zone, at an offset of UTC+08:00, but used daylight saving time for brief periods in November 1, 1936 until September 20, 1978.
Meliteieis
Meliteieis (Greek: Μελιτειείς) is a former municipality on the island of Corfu, Ionian Islands, Greece. Since the 2019 local government reform it is part of the municipality South Corfu, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located in the southern part of the island of Corfu. It has a land area of 67.054 km² and a population of 4,733 inhabitants (2021 census). The seat of the municipality was the town of Moraitika. The municipal unit consists of the communities Agios Matthaios, Ano Pavliana, Chlomatiana, Chlomos, Kato Pavliana, Moraitika, Pentati, Strongyli and Vouniatades.

Ionian Islands (region)
The Ionian Islands Region (/aɪˈoʊniən/ eye-OH-nee-ən; Greek: Περιφέρεια Ιονίων Νήσων, romanized: Periféria Ioníon Níson, [periˈferia ioˈnion ˈnison]) is the smallest by area of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece located in the Ionian Sea. It comprises all the Ionian Islands except Kythera, which, although historically part of the island group, was separated and integrated to the Attica Region.
Rachael Cabral-Guevara
Rachael Cabral-Guevara (born August 10, 1976) is an American nurse practitioner, educator, and Republican politician from Appleton, Wisconsin. She is a member of the Wisconsin Senate, representing the 19th Senate district since January 2023.  She previously served in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 55th Assembly district during the 2021–2022 session.

Wisconsin's 55th Assembly district
The 55th Assembly district of the Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly.  Located in east-central Wisconsin, the district comprises most of Winnebago County and part of southern Outagamie County.  It includes all of the city of Omro and the village of Winneconne, the portion of Fox Crossing west of the Fox River, and the southern quarter of the city of Oshkosh. The district is represented by Republican Nate Gustafson, since January 2023.

The 55th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 19th Senate district, along with the 56th and 57th Assembly districts.

Omro Village Hall and Engine House in Omro

Fox River viewed from Omro
Manual Scan
Manual Scan was an American mod and power pop group from San Diego, active between 1981 and 1991.

Manual Scan released numerous CDs, LPs and 7-inch singles, in England, Spain and the US. They toured in the US, England (including a 1986 appearance at the 100 Club in London), and Mexico. The group's song "Nothing Can Be Everything" was included in the 1990 Columbia Pictures release, A Girl To Kill For.

100 Club
The 100 Club is a music venue located at 100 Oxford Street, Westminster, England, where it has been hosting live music since 24 October 1942. It was originally called the Feldman Swing Club, but changed its name when the father of the current owner took over in 1964.