hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mubarak Al-Kabeer (governorate)
Mubarak Al-Kabeer Governorate (Arabic: محافظة مبارك الكبير, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Mubārak al-Kabīr) is one of the governorates of Kuwait which mainly houses residential areas of Kuwait City. It was formed in 27 November 1999 when the Hawalli Governorate was split in two, and was formerly called Qurain Governorate. It was named after Mubarak Al-Sabah, the seventh ruler of the Sheikhdom of Kuwait.

Emirate of Kuwait
The Emirate of Kuwait (Arabic: إمارة الكويت, romanized: Imārat al-Kūwayt) also known as Koweit or Koweyt in British writings, was an Emirate under the protection of the British in the Middle East between 1899 and 1961 following the Anglo-Kuwaiti agreement of 1899. This agreement was made between Sheikh Mubarak Al-Sabah and the British Government in India, primarily as a defensive measure against threats from the Ottoman Empire. After 1961, the emirate became the State of Kuwait.
Thomas Perkins (politician)
Thomas Ralph Perkins (February 15, 1931 – October 13, 2024) was an American politician from the state of Maine. Born in Patten, Maine, he graduated from the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy in 1953 and ran a drug store in Blue Hill, Maine, for thirty years. He served as a Republican member of the Maine House of Representatives from 1975 to 1979, and of the Maine Senate from 1979 to 1991. Perkins died on October 13, 2024, at the age of 93.

Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) is a private university focused on health- and life-sciences education, with campuses in Boston, Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, and Manchester, New Hampshire, as well as online programs. The university provides traditional and accelerated programs of study focused on professional education in pharmacy and the health sciences.
Hatton Hill
Hatton Hill is a mountain landform in Angus, Scotland in the Sidlaw Hills. Hatton Castle stands on the flanks of Hatton Hill above the village of Newtyle.
The general vicinity has elements of prehistory including presence of the Eassie Stone, a Pictish stone dating back to the Dark Ages.

Angus, Scotland
Angus (Scots: Angus; Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the east of the county.

Angus was historically a province, and later a sheriffdom and county (called Forfarshire or the County of Forfar until 1928), bordering Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west; southwards it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The county included Dundee until 1894, when it was made a county of a city. The pre-1894 boundaries of Angus continue to be used as a registration county. Between 1975 and 1996 Angus was a lower-tier district within the Tayside region. The district took on its modern form and powers in 1996, since when the local authority has been Angus Council.
Alec Woodall
Alec Woodall (20 September 1918 – 3 January 2011) was a British Labour Party politician.

Woodall was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hemsworth from 1974 until 1987, when he was deselected as Labour candidate and replaced by George Buckley who described him as being from "traditional mining stock" in his maiden speech.

Before entering Parliament, Woodall served as an infantryman.

Deselection of Labour MPs
Deselection in the UK Labour Party is the process by which support for an MP is withdrawn by their local party meaning that the MP is unable to stand in a forthcoming general election with the support of the party.
ERx
ERx is a putative membrane estrogen receptor (mER) of which little is currently known. It was discovered as a gene transcription signature induced by estradiol that is independent of the ERα/ERβ and GPER and was identified using the membrane-impermeable estradiol conjugate E2-BSA in the absence or presence of the ERα/ERβ antagonist fulvestrant (ICI-182,780) and the GPER antagonist G-15.

Permeation
In physics and engineering, permeation (also called imbuing) is the penetration of a permeate (a fluid such as a liquid, gas, or vapor) through a solid. It is directly related to the concentration gradient of the permeate, a material's intrinsic permeability, and the materials' mass diffusivity. Permeation is modeled by equations such as Fick's laws of diffusion, and can be measured using tools such as a minipermeameter.
2024 Open Aix Provence
The 2024 Open Aix Provence (also known as the Open Aix Provence Crédit Agricole for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament, and part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Aix-en-Provence, France between 30 April and 5 May 2024.

Aix-en-Provence
Aix-en-Provence, often known as simply Aix, is a city and commune in southern France, about 30 km (20 mi) north of Marseille. A former capital of Provence, it is the subprefecture of the arrondissement of Aix-en-Provence, in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The population of Aix-en-Provence is approximately 148,000. Its inhabitants are called Aixois or, less commonly, Aquisextains.
2023 IIHF Women's World Championship Division II
The 2023 IIHF Women's World Championship Division II consisted of two international ice hockey tournaments of the 2023 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Division II A and Division II B represent the fourth and fifth tier of the IIHF World Women's Championship.

Latvia won Group A and got promoted and North Korea got relegated after withdrawing. Belgium won the Group B tournament and got promoted, while Croatia got relegated.

Plus–minus (sports)
Plus−minus (+/−, ±, plus/minus) is a sports statistic used to measure a player's impact, represented by the difference between their team's total scoring versus their opponent's when the player is in the game.
Hindupur Assembly constituency
Hindupur Assembly constituency is a constituency in Sri Sathya Sai District of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency.

Nandamuri Balakrishna is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 208,327 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1951).

Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Telugu: ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ శాసన సభ, ISO: Āndhra Pradēś Śāsana Sabha) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the Indian state, Andhra Pradesh.

The Legislative Assembly consists of 175 members who are elected by adult universal suffrage under the first-past-the-post system. The duration of the Assembly is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting unless it is decided to dissolve the Assembly sooner. The Legislative Assembly's main functions include legislation, overseeing of administration, passing the budget, and airing public grievances.

The Legislative Assembly holds three sessions annually, one for Budget and the other for Monsoon and Winter sessions.

The Legislative Assembly took up residence in the interim Legislative Assembly Building in Amaravati beginning from the 2017 Budget session. The new building has systems for automatic speech translation and automatic vote recording.
Dmitry Levitzky
Dmitry Grigoryevich Levitzky or Levitsky (Russian: Дмитрий Григорьевич Левицкий; Ukrainian: Дмитро Григорович Левицький; 24 May [O.S. 13 May] 1735 – 16 April [O.S. 4 April] 1822) was a Ukrainian-born Russian portrait painter and academician.

Alexander Kokorinov
Alexander Filippovich Kokorinov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Фили́ппович Коко́ринов; 10 July 1726 – 21 March 1772) was a Russian architect and educator of Siberian origin, generally remembered for his role in establishing the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Peterburg, of which he was the official builder and then administrator from 1758 until his death. Kokorinov has been house architect of the Razumovsky family and Ivan Shuvalov, the founding president of the Academy. Kokorinov's surviving architectural legacy, once believed to be substantial, has been reduced by recent research to only two buildings, the Imperial Academy of Arts and Kirill Razumovsky palace in Saint Petersburg. The Academy was designed by Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe based on an earlier proposal by Jacques-François Blondel, while Kokorinov managed the construction in its early phases (1764–1772).
2015 in sports
2015 in sports describes the year's events in world sport. This year, some sporting events listed below are qualifying ones, for athletes, to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro. From July 2015 to May 2016, the venues for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics will be tested, by hosting various events in them.

Women's Flat Track Derby Association
The Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) is the international governing body for the sport of women's flat track roller derby. It sets the international standards for rankings, rules, and competition in the sport, and provides guidance and resources to aid development of roller derby.

The organization was founded in April 2004 as the United Leagues Coalition (ULC), but was renamed in November 2005. It is registered in Raleigh, North Carolina as a 501(c)(6) Business League organization, a type of nonprofit organization.
Bommana Brothers Chandana Sisters
Bommana Brothers Chandana Sisters is a 2008 Indian Telugu comedy drama film directed by Srinivasa Reddy starring Allari Naresh, Krishna Bhagavaan, Farjana, Charulatha, Raghu Babu, Suman Shetty and Kota Srinivasa Rao in the lead roles. Ammiraju Kanumilli produced this film on Siri Cinema Banner while M. M. Srilekha scored the music. The movie was released on 18 April 2008.

Kota Srinivasa Rao
Kota Srinivasa Rao (10 July 1942 – 13 July 2025) was an Indian actor and politician. Known for his work primarily in Telugu cinema and theatre, he also starred in a few films in Tamil, Hindi, Kannada and Malayalam. As a politician, Rao has served as the MLA from Vijayawada East in Andhra Pradesh, India from 1999 to 2004. He made his debut with the Telugu film Pranam Khareedu in 1978. He starred in over 750 feature films. He won nine state Nandi Awards in various categories of villain, character actor, and supporting actor. In 2012, he garnered the SIIMA Award for his work in Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum. In 2015, he was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour, for his contribution to Indian cinema. Rao's last film appearance was Hari Hara Veera Mallu, which was released in 2025.
Father John's Medicine
Father John's Medicine is a cough medicine that was first formulated in the United States in a Lowell, Massachusetts pharmacy in 1855 by Carleton and Hovey to give relief to ailing Father John O'Brien.  The tonic was a non-alcoholic mix made of cod liver oil and had a licorice taste.

Mr. Carleton and Mr. Hovey, using Father John as the spokesman, began to manufacture and mass-produce the medicine in Lowell, until the company was sold and moved to Cody, Wyoming in the early 1980s.

Today, as sold, the active ingredient in Father John's Medicine is dextromethorphan hydrobromide.

Many of Father John's Medicine Company Records are housed at the University of Massachusetts Lowell's Special Collections.

Non-alcoholic drink
An alcohol-free or non-alcoholic drink, also known as a temperance drink, is a version of an alcoholic drink made without alcohol, or with the alcohol removed or reduced to almost zero. These may take the form of a non-alcoholic mixed drink or non-alcoholic beer, and are widely available where alcoholic drinks are sold.
Taquile Island
Taquile (Spanish: Isla de Taquile, pronounced [ˈisla ðe taˈkile]; Quechua: Intika) is an island on the Peruvian side of Lake Titicaca 45 km offshore from the city of Puno. About 2,200 people live on the island, which is 5.5 by 1.6 kilometres (3.4 by 1.0 mile) in size (maximum measurements), with an area of 5.72 km2 (2.21 sq mi). The highest point of the island is 4,050 metres (13,287 feet) above sea level and the main village is at 3,950 metres (12,959 feet). The inhabitants, known as Taquileños, speak Puno Quechua.

In 2005, "Taquile and Its Textile Art" were honored by being proclaimed "Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" by UNESCO.

Puno
Puno (Aymara and Quechua: Punu) is a city in southeastern Peru, located on the shore of Lake Titicaca. It is the capital city of the eponymous Puno Province and Puno Region; in 2017, it had a population of 135,288 (2017 census). The city was established in 1668 by viceroy Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro as capital of the province of Paucarcolla with the name San Juan Bautista de Puno. The name was later changed to San Carlos de Puno, in honor of king Charles II of Spain. Puno has several churches dating back from the colonial period; they were built to service the Spanish population and evangelize the Quechua people.
Anar Zhailganova
Anar Nūralyqyzy Jaiylğanova (Kazakh: Анар Нұралықызы Жаилғанова; 10 July 1969 – 12 February 2024) was a Kazakh judge and politician. A member of Nur Otan, she served on the Supreme Court from 2004 to 2008, the Constitutional Council from 2008 to 2016, and the 6th Mäjilis from 2016 to 2019.

Jaiylğanova died on 12 February 2024, at the age of 54. She is buried at the National Pantheon of Kazakhstan.

Supreme Court of Kazakhstan
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the highest of three levels of courts of Kazakhstan, sitting above regional appeals courts, and city or district courts (courts of first instance). The Supreme Judicial Council recommends nominee Supreme Court judges to the President of Kazakhstan; the president then submits the nominees to the Senate of Kazakhstan for a vote of confirmation.
1872–73 United States Senate elections
The 1872–73 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President Ulysses S. Grant's re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1872 and 1873, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Republican Party, while still retaining a commanding majority, lost two seats. By the beginning of the Congress, however, they would lose three more: two as defections to the Liberal Republican Party, and one a resignation of Henry Wilson to become U.S. Vice President. This remains the last election in which Republicans held a 2/3 majority in the Senate.

Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Seventeenth Amendment (Amendment XVII) to the United States Constitution established the direct election of United States senators in each state. The amendment supersedes Article I, Section 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were appointed by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.

The amendment was proposed by the 62nd Congress in 1912 and became part of the Constitution upon ratification by three-quarters (36) of the state legislatures: on April 8, 1913. Sitting senators were not affected until their existing terms expired. The transition began with two special elections in Georgia and in Maryland, then in earnest with the November 1914 election; it was complete on March 4, 1919, when the senators chosen by the November 1918 election took office.
New York, Susquehanna and Western 142
New York, Susquehanna and Western 142 is a China Railways SY class 2-8-2 "Mikado" type steam locomotive. It was built in May 1989 as SY-1647M by the Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works for export to the Valley Railroad (VALE) in the United States. Its design was altered to meet requirements for U.S. operation. It made its inaugural run in early 1990.

Inspired by VALE, the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway (NYSW) ordered a similar locomotive, but it sank with its cargo ship en route from China. So the NYS&W bought VALE's locomotive in late 1991, renumbered it as 142, and used it pull mainline excursion trains in New Jersey and New York state.

Since 2003, the locomotive has been owned by the New York, Susquehanna and Western Technical and Historical Society, and since 2004, it has been operated by the Belvidere and Delaware River Railway (BDRV).

Butler, New Jersey
Butler is a borough in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 8,047, an increase of 508 (+6.7%) from the 2010 census count of 7,539, which in turn reflected an increase of 119 (+1.6%) from the 7,420 counted in the 2000 census.

Butler was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 13, 1901, from portions of Pequannock Township.
John Katzenellenbogen
John Albert Katzenellenbogen (born May 10, 1944) is an American Professor of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He studies the development of novel agents for the treatment of hormone-responsive and non-responsive breast and prostate cancers and the design of estrogens and antiestrogens that have a favorable balance of beneficial versus detrimental effects.

Antiestrogen
Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body. They act by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or inhibiting or suppressing estrogen production. Antiestrogens are one of three types of sex hormone antagonists, the others being antiandrogens and antiprogestogens. Antiestrogens are commonly used to stop estrogens from binding to the estrogen receptors, leading to a decrease of the effects of estrogens. Decreased levels of estrogen can lead to complications in sexual development.
Fanfarlo
Fanfarlo are a London-based indie/alternative band formed in 2006 by Swedish musician Simon Balthazar. They fuse elements of folk, indie rock and post-punk using eclectic instrumentation including trumpet, violin, mandolin, musical saw, clarinet and saxophone. Since their formation they have released three studio albums and one EP.

Musical saw
A musical saw, also called a singing saw, is a hand saw used as a musical instrument. Capable of continuous glissando (portamento), the sound creates an ethereal tone, very similar to the theremin. The musical saw is classified as a plaque friction idiophone with direct friction (132.1) under the Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument classification and as a metal sheet played by friction (151) under the revision of the Hornbostel-Sachs classification by the MIMO Consortium.
Mad Rad
Mad Rad is a Seattle-based hip hop/electronic music group that consists of five members; three vocalists, a DJ, and a drummer. Four members of Mad Rad have stage names which are as follows; Nathan Quiroga (Buffalo Madonna), Peter Robinson (P Smoov), Gregory Smith (Terry Radjaw), Ty Finnan (DJ Darwin), and their drummer's name is Trent Moorman. Mad Rad formed in 2007 and have released two full-length albums, their most recent in 2010 (The Youth Die Young).

Mad Rad has been classified in several different music genres and are widely popular in Seattle for their similarities to a genre called Hipster hop, also known as Third-Wave hip hop. Mad Rad member P Smoov is the main producer of all of Mad Rad's music. P Smoov attended Full Sail University in Winter Park, Florida. P Smoov is also one part of the Seattle-based hip-hop duo Fresh Espresso.

Full Sail University
Full Sail University is a private for-profit university in Winter Park, Florida. It was formerly a recording studio in Dayton, Ohio named Full Sail Productions and Full Sail Center for the Recording Arts. The school moved to Florida in 1980, began offering bachelor's degrees in 2005, and began offering online degrees in 2007. The following year, the school was granted university status by the Florida Department of Education.

Full Sail is accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges to award associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees in audio, design, computer animation and business administration.
Domaradzki
Domaradzki (feminine: Domaradzka; plural: Domaradzcy) is a Polish surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Jerzy Domaradzki (born 1943), Polish film director

Mieczysław Domaradzki (1949–1998), Polish archaeologist

Piotr Domaradzki (1946–2015), Polish-American journalist

Piotr Domaradzki
Piotr Krystian Domaradzki (June 21, 1946 – November 4, 2015) was a Polish-American journalist, essayist and historian who, during a longtime association with Chicago's Polish community, worked for 30 years at Dziennik Związkowy (Alliance Daily), the oldest and largest Polish-language newspaper in the United States. From October 2009 to March 2013, he served as the paper's editor-in-chief. He emigrated from Poland in 1984 and became a U.S. citizen in 1996.
Electoral results for the district of Oxley
Oxley, an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, has had two incarnations, the first from 1920, returning 3 members until 1927 and was abolished in 1988. The second from 1991 until the present.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
French submarine Diane (1916)
The French submarine Diane was the name boat of her class of two submarines built for the French Navy during World War I. Completed in 1917, the boat suffered an internal explosion in the Bay of Biscay off La Pallice, France, and sank with the loss of her entire crew of 43 in February 1918.

Bay of Biscay
The Bay of Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, -ki/ BISS-kay, -⁠kee) also known as the Gulf of Biscay or the Gulf of Gascony is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward to Cape Ortegal.

The average depth is 1,744 m (5,722 ft) and the greatest depth is 4,735 m (15,535 ft).
City of Playford Tennis International
The City of Playford Tennis International is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit. It is held annually at the Playford City Tennis Centre in Playford, Australia, since 2018. The men's event replaces the City of Onkaparinga ATP Challenger held from 2015 until 2017.

City of Playford
The City of Playford is a local government area of South Australia in Adelaide's northern suburbs. It was named in recognition of Sir Thomas Playford, who played a part in the development of the area, and was South Australia's premier from 1938–1965. The city covers an area of 345 km2 (133 sq mi),and is home to over 113,000 residents . Playford was the fastest growing local government area in South Australia in the 2010s.