hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slavery in Zanzibar
Slavery existed in the Sultanate of Zanzibar until 1909. Slavery and slave trade existed in the Zanzibar Archipelago for at least a thousand years. During the 19th century, the rise of large-scale clove and coconut plantations under Omani Arab rule led to a significant expansion of the slave system. By some estimates, enslaved people constituted up to two-thirds of the archipelago's population at its peak. Zanzibar was internationally known as a major player in the Indian Ocean slave trade, where slaves from the Swahili coast of Eastern Africa were trafficked across the Indian Ocean to Oman in the Arabian Peninsula during the Zanzibar slave trade.

During the 19th-century, Britain conducted an international abolitionist campaign against the Sultanate and restricted and eventually abolished the slavery and slave trade in Zanzibar via a number of treaties between 1822 and 1897, resulting in the end of the slave trade and finally the end of slavery itself in 1909.

Omani Empire
The Omani Empire (Arabic: الْإِمْبَرَاطُورِيَّة الْعُمَانِيَّة) was a maritime empire, vying with Portugal and Britain for trade and influence in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean. After rising as a regional power in the 18th century, the empire at its peak in the 19th century saw its influence or control extend across the Strait of Hormuz to modern-day Iran and Pakistan, and as far south as Cape Delgado in what is now Mozambique. After the death of Said bin Sultan in 1856 the empire was divided between his sons into two sultanates, an African section (Sultanate of Zanzibar) ruled by Majid bin Said and an Asian section (Sultanate of Muscat and Oman) ruled by Thuwaini bin Said.
Nokhodkar
Nokhvodkar (Persian: نخودكار, also Romanized as Nokhvodkār) is a village in Sardasht Rural District, in the Central District of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 11 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
Chelsea Brady
Chelsea Brady is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives. Created by head writer Sally Sussman Morina, the role was originally played by Mandy Musgrave. The role was recast with  Rachel Melvin in 2005. Melvin portrayed the character from 2005 to 2009, after the character moves to London to take care of her mother, Billie Reed. She is the child of Bo Brady and Billie Reed. Chelsea is born by the name of Georgia Reed Brady. "Georgia" is presumed dead, and buried in a bayou in Louisiana. In 2005 after Chelsea Benson's parents are killed in a car accident, DNA tests show that she is Georgia Reed Brady.

Melvin reprised the role on September 7, 2023, as part of a memorial episode dedicated to John Aniston's Victor Kiriakis.

John Aniston
John Anthony Aniston (born Yannis Anastassakis, Greek: Γιάννης Αναστασάκης, July 24, 1933 – November 11, 2022) was a Greek-American actor who played Victor Kiriakis on the NBC daytime drama series Days of Our Lives, which he originated in July 1985 and played on and off for 37 years, until his death in 2022. His portrayal earned him a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2017 and he received a Daytime Emmy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2022. He is the father of actress Jennifer Aniston.
Barton Peninsula
Barton Peninsula is a small peninsula separating Marian Cove and Potter Cove at the southwest end of King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1963 for Colin Barton, Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey geologist who worked in this part of King George Island, 1959–61.

South Korea's King Sejong Station is located here.

Marian Cove
Marian Cove (62°12′42″S 58°45′58″W﻿ / ﻿62.21169°S 58.76617°W﻿ / -62.21169; -58.76617) is a cove indenting the southwest part of King George Island between Collins Harbour and Potter Cove, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name was used by Scottish geologist David Ferguson in a 1921 report based upon his investigations of King George Island in 1913–14, but may reflect an earlier naming.

The south side of its entrance is formed by South Spit.
French brig Vaillante (1793)
Vaillante was a brick cannonier (gunbrig) launched in 1793, probably at Saint-Malo. She spent the first year or so her career escorting convoys off the coast of Brittany. In May 1795 she was renamed Violente, but she reverted to the name Vaillante in 1796. The British Royal Navy destroyed her in the Caribbean late in 1796.

Saint-Malo
Saint-Malo (UK: /sæ̃ ˈmɑːloʊ/, US: /ˌsæ̃ məˈloʊ/, French: [sɛ̃ malo] ⓘ; Gallo: Saent-Malô; Breton: Sant-Maloù) is a historic French port commune in Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany.

The walled city on the English Channel coast has a long history of piracy, earning much wealth from local extortion and overseas adventures. In 1944, during World War II, the Allies heavily bombed Saint-Malo. The city became a popular tourist centre, with a ferry terminal serving the Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey, as well as the Southern English settlements of Portsmouth, Hampshire and Poole, Dorset.

The transatlantic single-handed yacht race Route du Rhum, which takes place every four years in November, is between Saint Malo and Pointe-à-Pitre in Guadeloupe.
Harpa Þorsteinsdóttir
Harpa Þorsteinsdóttir (born 27 June 1986) is an Icelandic former footballer who played as a striker. During her career, she won the Úrvalsdeild four times and the Icelandic Cup three times. She scored 181 goals in 252 matches in the Úrvalsdeild, and was the league's top scorer on three occasions. She played 67 matches for the Iceland national team, scoring 19 goals.

Icelanders
Icelanders (Icelandic: Íslendingar) are an ethnic group and nation who are native to the island country of Iceland. They speak Icelandic, a North Germanic language.

Icelanders established the country of Iceland in mid 930 CE when the Alþingi (parliament) met for the first time. Iceland came under the reign of Norwegian, Swedish and Danish kings but regained full sovereignty from the Danish monarchy on 1 December 1918, when the Kingdom of Iceland was established. On 17 June 1944, Iceland became a republic. Lutheranism is the predominant religion. Historical and DNA records indicate that around 60 to 80 percent of the male settlers were of Norse origin (primarily from Western Norway) and a similar percentage of the women were of Gaelic stock from Ireland and peripheral Scotland.
Cannabis policy of the first Trump administration
The first Donald Trump administration (2017–2021) took positions against marijuana and against the easing of laws regarding marijuana. Although Trump indicated during his 2016 presidential campaign that he favored leaving the issue of legalization of marijuana to the states, his administration subsequently upheld the federal prohibition of cannabis, and Trump's 2021 fiscal budget proposal included removing protections for state medical marijuana laws.

In 2018, the administration rescinded the 2013 Cole Memorandum, an Obama-era Justice Department policy that generally directed federal prosecutors not to pursue marijuana prosecutions in states where marijuana is legal as a matter of state law. However, Trump signed the 2018 farm bill, which descheduled some cannabis products from the Controlled Substances Act for the first time.

Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act
In the United States, the removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, the category reserved for drugs that have "no currently accepted medical use", is a legal and administrative change in cannabis-related law at the federal level. After being proposed repeatedly since 1972, the U.S. Department of Justice initiated 2024 rulemaking to reschedule cannabis to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act, which was subject to a December 2025 executive order directing that process be completed.
Somerset Beaumont
Somerset Archibald Beaumont DL, FRGS (6 February 1835 – 8 December 1921) was a British Liberal politician.

Beaumont was the third son of the politician Thomas Wentworth Beaumont and his wife Henrietta Jane Emma Hawks Atkinson, daughter of John Atkinson. His younger brother was Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Baron Allendale. Beaumont was educated at Harrow School and then at Trinity College, Cambridge. He stood successfully in a by-election for Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1860, a seat he held until 1865. In the general election of 1868 Beaumont was returned to the House of Commons again and sat as Member of Parliament (MP) for Wakefield until 1874. He was one of the founders of the Anglo-Austrian Bank.

Beaumont was a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and a Deputy Lieutenant of Northumberland.  He died in 1921 aged 86, unmarried and childless.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne (UK Parliament constituency)
Newcastle-upon-Tyne was a parliamentary borough in the county of Northumberland of the House of Commons of England from 1283 to 1706, then of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918. It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs), elected by the bloc vote system.

Newcastle first sent Members to Parliament in 1283, although it was not always possible to act upon the writ of summons, which was disregarded on at least four occasions (1315, 1327, 1332 and 1337) because of warfare with the Scots.

The constituency was abolished in 1918, being split into four divisions; Newcastle upon Tyne Central, Newcastle upon Tyne East, Newcastle upon Tyne North and Newcastle upon Tyne West.
Saterland Frisians
The Saterland Frisians (German: Saterfriesen, Saterland Frisian: Seelterfräisen [ˈseːltɐfrɛi̯zən]) are one of the smallest language groups in Europe. They belong to the eastern branch of the Frisian people and are thus a recognised minority within Germany. They live in the Saterland (Saterland Frisian: Seelterlound), a community in the northern part of Cloppenburg district (Lower Saxony).

Frisians
The Frisians (/ˈfriːʒənz/ FREEZH-ənz) are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwestern Europe on the coastal regions of northern Netherlands, north-western Germany and southwestern Denmark. They inhabit an area known as Frisia and are concentrated in the Dutch province of Friesland and, in Germany, East Frisia and North Frisia (which was a part of Denmark until 1864).

The Frisian languages are spoken by more than 500,000 people; West Frisian is officially recognised in the Netherlands (in the Dutch province Friesland) while North Frisian and Saterland Frisian are recognised as regional languages in Germany.
Mr. Shivers
Mr. Shivers is a 2010 novel by Robert Jackson Bennett and marks his literary debut. It was first published in hardback in the United States by Orbit Books on January 15, 2010. A paperback and audiobook release was also published during the same year; the audiobook is narrated by T. Ryder Smith.  Set during the Great Depression, the book follows one man's attempt to take his revenge against the one who murdered his daughter. It has been described by the Los Angeles Review of Books as featuring "a band of Depression-era hobo vigilantes who trek across the Dust Bowl after the supernatural boogeyman, a metaphorical specter who haunts the starved nation".

After its release the book won several literary awards, including the 2010 Shirley Jackson Award for Best Novel.

Los Angeles Review of Books
The Los Angeles Review of Books (LARB) is a literary review magazine covering the national and international book scenes. A preview version launched on Tumblr in April 2011, and the official website followed one year later in April 2012. A print edition premiered in May 2013.

Founded by Tom Lutz, Chair of the Creative Writing Department at the University of California, Riverside, the Review seeks to redress the decline in Sunday book supplements by creating an online “encyclopedia of contemporary literary discussion.”
Aoba-dōri Station
Aoba-dōri Station (あおば通駅, Aoba-dōri-eki) is a JR East railway station located in Aoba-ku in Sendai, Miyagi. Its official English name is Aobadori Avenue.

There is a direct transfer gate between the platform of this station to the platform of the Sendai Subway Namboku Line in Sendai Station. The Sendai Subway Tōzai Line is connected through the platform of the Namboku Line.  Before the extension of the Senseki Line from Sendai Station, passengers from the subway would have to disembark and walk a good distance to the Senseki Line platform in Sendai Station. It is the departure station for the Mangattan, a "manga train" that runs every Sunday with manga characters from Shotaro Ishinomori's work decorated on the body of the train.

Namboku Line (Sendai)
The Namboku Line (南北線, Nanboku-sen) is a rapid transit line of Sendai Subway in Sendai, Japan. It connects Izumi-Chūō Station in Izumi-ku, Sendai, with Tomizawa Station in Taihaku-ku, Sendai. The line is 14.8 km (9.2 mi) long and has 17 stations. Like many mainline trains and metros in Japan, it uses the 1067 mm track gauge and runs on 1,500 V overhead line. The name "Namboku" means south–north, which is the general direction that the track runs.

The Namboku Line was the world's first public railway to use fuzzy logic to control its speed. This system (developed by Hitachi) accounts for the relative smoothness of the starts and stops when compared to other trains, and is 10% more energy efficient than human-controlled acceleration.
Cal 40
The Cal 40 is an American sailboat that was designed by Bill Lapworth as an offshore racer and first built in 1963.

The boat became an acclaimed racer and was also a commercial success. Sailboatdata terms it, "one of the most influential designs and successful racing boats ever".

Yacht racing
Yacht racing is a sailing sport involving sailing yachts and larger sailboats, as distinguished from dinghy racing, which involves open boats. It is composed of multiple yachts, in direct competition, racing around a course marked by buoys or other fixed navigational devices or racing longer distances across open water from point-to-point. It can involve a series of races with buoy racing or multiple legs when point-to-point racing.
Tejapakar
Tejapakad is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 3,296 people living in 605 individual households.

Narayani Zone
Narayani (Nepali: नारायणी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones to Provinces, located in the central south of the country. The headquarter of Narayani zone was Hetauda. Narayani Zone is named after the Narayani River which is on the western border of the zone, separating it from the Gandaki and Lumbini zones. Narayani means beloved of Narayan which is Parvati his sister, and Narayan refers to Lord Vishnu (the preserver) in the Hindu religion.
Respiratory failure
Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in the blood is known as hypoxemia; a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia. Respiratory failure is classified as either Type 1 or Type 2, based on whether there is a high carbon dioxide level, and can be acute or chronic. In clinical trials, the definition of respiratory failure usually includes increased respiratory rate, abnormal blood gases (hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both), and evidence of increased work of breathing. Respiratory failure causes an altered state of consciousness due to ischemia in the brain.

The typical partial pressure reference values are oxygen Pa O2 more than 80 mmHg (11 kPa) and carbon dioxide Pa CO2 less than 45 mmHg (6.0 kPa).

Continuous positive airway pressure
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a form of positive airway pressure (PAP) ventilation in which a flow of air with pressure greater than atmospheric pressure is continuously applied to the upper respiratory tract of a person. This flow is generated by a device to which a flexible hose is connected that in turn feeds air into a mask. The application of positive relative pressure may be intended to prevent upper airway collapse, as occurs in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), or to reduce the work of breathing in conditions such as acute decompensated heart failure. CPAP therapy is highly effective for managing obstructive sleep apnea. Compliance and acceptance of use of CPAP therapy can be a limiting factor, with 8% of people stopping use after the first night and 50% within the first year. For treatment of chronic conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea, CPAP needs to be used for all sleep, including naps and travel away from home.
Anihar
Anihar (also spelled as Aneehar) is a village in Phillaur tehsil of Jalandhar District of Punjab State, India. It is located 6.4 km away from postal head office Bara Pind. The village is 10 km away from Goraya, 35 km from Jalandhar, and 125 km from state capital Chandigarh and 165 km from Wahga Border of Pakistan-India. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Before partition, it was a Muslim-dominated village. At the time of partition of India, Muslims of this village migrated to a village Chak 236 GB Kilanwala in Jaranwala in Punjab, Pakistan.

Jalandhar
Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.
Hanako Tokachi
Hanako Tokachi (十勝 花子, Tokachi Hanako, 25 April 1946 – 21 August 2016) was a Japanese actress and tarento born in Kamishihoro, Katō District, Hokkaido. Her real name was Keiko Kato (加藤 恵子, Katō Keiko). Her maiden name was Sato (佐藤, Satō). She was nicknamed Tokachin (トカチン). She has one daughter named Reiko.

Tokachi Subprefecture
Tokachi Subprefecture (literally "Tokachi Comprehensive Promotion Bureau") (十勝総合振興局, Tokachi-sōgō-shinkō-kyoku) is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan corresponding to the old province of Tokachi. As of 2004, its estimated population is 360,802 and its area is 10,830.99 km2.

Tokachi-Obihiro Airport is in the city of Obihiro.
Blacklorg Hill
Blacklorg Hill is a hill in the Carsphairn and Scaur Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. It lies southeast of the town of New Cumnock in Ayrshire, directly east of the Afton Reservoir. It is most frequently climbed along with the neighbouring hills, starting from the Glen Afton road.

Southern Uplands
The Southern Uplands (Scottish Gaelic: Na Monaidhean a Deas) are the southernmost and least populous of mainland Scotland's three major geographic areas (the others being the Central Lowlands and the Highlands). The term is used both to describe the geographical region and to collectively denote the various ranges of hills and mountains within this region. An overwhelmingly rural and agricultural region, the Southern Uplands are partly forested and contain many areas of open moorland - the hill names in the area are congruent with these characteristics.
Eddy Sabara
Eddy Sabara (17 February 1927 – 30 September 1995) was an Indonesian civil servant and military officer. He was the Governor of Southeast Sulawesi for twelve years between 1966 and 1978, and held acting governor positions in four other provinces due to his position in the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Kendari
Kendari is the capital city of the Indonesian province of Southeast Sulawesi. It had a population of 289,966 at the 2010 Census and 345,107 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous city in the province, and the fourth most on Sulawesi. The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 351,085 - comprising 176,279 males and 174,806 females. The city covers an area of 270.14 square kilometers (104.30 sq mi), or about 0.7 percent of Southeast Sulawesi's land area.
Located on Kendari Bay, it continues to be an important trade center, with the province's main port and airport. It is the economic and educational center of the province, home to various universities and colleges. Kendari has the highest Human Development Index (HDI) in Sulawesi.
Grote Markt, Leuven
The Grote Markt (Dutch: [ˌɣroːtə ˈmɑr(ə)kt] ⓘ; "Big Market") is the central square of Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium. It is situated between the Oude Markt ("Old Square") and the Rector De Somerplein ("Rector De Somer Square", named for Pieter De Somer, the first rector of the autonomous Dutch-speaking Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven) in 1968) and near both the Bondgenotenlaan ("Avenue of the Allied Forces") and the Muntstraat ("Mint Street").

The Grote Markt's location on the crossing of some of Leuven's most famous and most touristic spots make it one of the city's busiest squares. It has been pedestrian-friendly for some years; only public transportation buses from De Lijn are allowed to use the square.

Pieter De Somer
Pieter De Somer (22 December 1917 – 17 June 1985) was a Belgian physician and biologist. He studied medicine from 1935 up to 1942 at the Catholic University of Leuven (Leuven, Belgium). He did research and later became a professor at the Department of medicine, where he specialised in microbiology and immunology. In 1968, he became the first rector of the Flemish Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and he remained rector until his death in 1985.

Pieter De Somer founded both the company Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques and the Rega Institute for Medical Research.

On 26 september 1989, an auditorium was built and named after Pieter (Aula Pieter De Somer, in Dutch). Also a statue of him can be found at the entrance of the building.
Nick Popplewell
Nicholas Popplewell (born 6 April 1964) is an Irish former rugby union player who won 48 caps for his country between 1989 and 1998. He played club rugby for Gorey RFC, Greystones RFC, Wasps RFC, Newcastle Falcons, and also captained Leinster Rugby for a season. At Newcastle he made 19 appearances as they won the 1997-98 Premiership. He started all three tests for the British & Irish Lions on the tour to New Zealand in 1993, and was seen as one of the stars of the tour.

After retiring from rugby, he became an estate agent, and gained a master's degree in business studies.

1997–98 Premiership 1
The 1997–98 Premiership 1 was the eleventh season of the top tier of the English rugby union league system, currently known as Premiership Rugby, and the first to be sponsored by Allied Dunbar, having previously been sponsored by Courage Brewery. The end of the previous season had seen a wide scale restructuring of the old league system, with the two leagues (formerly National Division 1 and 2) being renamed as Premiership 1 and Premiership 2, with Allied Dunbar agreeing to sponsor the top two divisions for £7,500,000. Wasps were defending champions and Richmond and Newcastle Falcons the promoted sides.

Newly promoted Newcastle Falcons finished as league champions for the first time in their history, just one point clear of runners up Saracens. Only one side was relegated this season, with Bristol enduring a nightmare season and dropping down to the 1998–99 Premiership 2, in what would be their first season outside of the top flight since the leagues began.