hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eluned Garmon Jones
Eluned Clunes Garmon Jones (née Lloyd, 1897 – 1979) was a Welsh local historian.

She was born Eluned Clunes Lloyd in Bangor in November 1897 to historian John Edward Lloyd and his wife Clementina, née Miller. She was affectionately known as Lin. Like her brother Edward, Eluned studied at the University of Oxford, where she encouraged the talents of her classmate Margaret Kennedy. She received a BA from Somerville College in 1920 at the first degree ceremony to award degrees to women there.

An authority on local history and the place-names of Wales, Lloyd was Tutor and Internal Examiner in Modern History at the University of Liverpool.

In 1923, she married her colleague William Garmon Jones. She moved back to Bangor in 1945, and died in 1979.

First women admitted to degrees at the University of Oxford
In 1920, the University of Oxford admitted women to degrees for the first time during the Michaelmas term. The conferrals took place at the Sheldonian Theatre on 14 October, 26 October, 29 October, 30 October and 13 November. That same year, on 7 October, women also became eligible for admission as full members of the university.

Before 1920, it is estimated that around 4,000 women studied at Oxford since the opening of the university's first women's colleges in 1879. One graduate was Annie Rogers, who took undergraduate exams in 1875 and 1877 and was finally given a degree in 1920, when she was 64 years old. The last survivor of the first conferral ceremony was Constance Savery, who died at the age of 101 in 1999.
Mudlum
Mudlum (born Made Luiga; 31 July 1966) is an Estonian writer and literary critic.

She studied at the Estonian Humanitarian Institute (Eesti Humanitaarinstituut) and the Estonian Academy of Arts (Eesti Kunstiakadeemia).

She is also a well-known literary critic. Her essays have been published in the volume Ümberjutustaja (The Narrator, Elusamus, 2017). She was a member of the defunct cultural association ZA/UM. Several of her books are based on her memories placed at the Muhu island where her maternal ancestral home is situated. She is the first writer in history to receive the Estonian Cultural Endowment annual prose prize two years in a row.

Estonians
Estonians or Estonian people (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily their nation state of Estonia.

Estonians primarily speak the Estonian language, a language closely related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Finnish, Karelian and Livonian. Estonians can also be classified into subgroups according to dialects (e.g. Võros, Setos), although such divisions have become less pronounced due to internal migration and rapid urbanisation in Estonia in the 20th century.

There are approximately 1.1 million ethnic Estonians worldwide, with the majority of them residing in their native Estonia. Estonian diaspora communities formed primarily in Finland, the United States, Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
1973 Bracknell District Council election
The 1973 Bracknell District Council election was the first election to the newly formed Bracknell District Council in England, taking place on 7 June 1973 alongside other local elections as part of the 1973 United Kingdom local elections.  Its predecessor council was Easthampstead Rural District.  For the first time at a local level, the Labour Party gained control.  The party benefitted from a reapportionment of seats for Bracknell town - at Easthampstead Rural District's last election in 1971, 21 of the 44 councillors represented Bracknell wards, but this now changed to 17 of 31.  With just 29% of the seats, it remained the worst performance for the Conservatives in a Bracknell District or Bracknell Forest election until 2023.

Bracknell Forest Council
Bracknell Forest Council, also known as Bracknell Forest Borough Council, is the local authority for Bracknell Forest, a local government district with borough status in Berkshire, England. Since 1998, the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. The council is currently in no overall control, operating as a minority Labour administration since 2025. It is based at Time Square in Bracknell.
State Scholarship (UK)
A State Scholarship was a financial scholarship award for British university entrants based on scholarship level exam results. Although the award was based on exam performance, the amount received was means-tested. Most university entrants were funded however by grants from their local county education authority. Whilst State Scholarships from the Central Government were greatly sought after for their prestige value they had the same value as local authority grants.
In the 1950s, when the pass mark for A-level examinations and the more demanding S-level examinations was 40%. In the late 1950s a State required multiple Distinctions at both A and S Level to be likely to secure a place in the top 400 in the country for that year to secure a State Scholarship. Candidates expected to reach this level were frequently entered for Oxford and Cambridge Scholarships, with a very good chance of success.

Means test
A means test is a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government benefits, assistance or welfare, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do with less or none of that help. Means testing is in opposition to universal coverage, which extends benefits to everyone. Means testing increases the administrative burden and can create perverse incentives.
Henry B. Vincent
Henry Bethuel Vincent (December 28, 1872 – January 7, 1941) was an American composer and organist. Vincent was the founder of the Erie Playhouse and directed it from 1916 to 1941. Vincent was director of the Erie Philharmonic from 1920 to 1926 after it was reorganized after World War I.

Erie Philharmonic
Founded in 1913, the Erie Philharmonic is a professional orchestra located in Erie, Pennsylvania. The Philharmonic has held their performances at the 2,500 seat Warner Theatre on State Street in downtown Erie since 1974.
Juan Vital Sourrouille
Juan Vital Sourrouille (13 August 1940 – 21 July 2021) was an Argentine economist. He is the author of El Complejo Automotor en Argentina.

Sourrouille was born in Buenos Aires. He was the Minister of Economy of Argentina during the government of Raúl Alfonsín (1985–1989). He fathered the Austral plan.
Sourrouille died on 21 July 2021, in Buenos Aires, aged 80.

Ministry of Economy (Argentina)
The Ministry of Economy (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía) of Argentina is the country's state treasury and a ministry of the national executive power that manages economic policy.

The Ministry of Economy is one of the oldest ministries in the Argentine government, having existed continuously since the formation of the first Argentine executive in 1854, in the presidency of Justo José de Urquiza – albeit under the name of Ministry of the Treasury. The current minister responsible is Luis Caputo, who has served since 2023 in the cabinet of Javier Milei.
Hesychius of Jerusalem
Hesychius of Jerusalem, also spelt Hesychios and also known as Hesychius the Priest, was a Christian priest and exegete, active during the first half of the fifth century. Nothing certain is known as to the dates of his birth and death (450s?), or, indeed concerning the events of his life. Bearing as he does the title πρεσβύτερος "priest", he is not to be confused with Bishop Hesychius of Jerusalem, a contemporary of Gregory the Great.

Biblical studies
Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible, with Bible referring to the books of the canonical Hebrew Bible in mainstream Jewish usage and the Christian Bible including the canonical Old Testament and New Testament, respectively. For its theory and methods, the field draws on disciplines ranging from ancient history, historical criticism, philology, theology, textual criticism, literary criticism, historical backgrounds, mythology, and comparative religion.
Black and Gold (Cornish song)
Black and Gold (Cornish Du ha'n Owr) is a Cornish folk song.

Black and gold are the Cornish colours, and can be found on the banner and coat of arms of the Duchy of Cornwall. Traditionally furse (gorse) used to be the major form of fuel in Cornwall, and was widely employed for domestic use. Places mentioned within the song are all located around the village of Boscastle in Cornwall. These include Trevalga, a small village situated between Tintagel and Boscastle. The Cornish phrase "Kissing's out of fashion when the furse is out of bloom" is a local version of the old country phrase: "When gorse is out of blossom, kissing's out of fashion." This is a reference to the fact that gorse bears flowers year round. A version of the song i on Esme Francis' Cornish songs collection Kernow.

English lyrics have been written by Will Coleman.

Tintagel
Tintagel (/tɪnˈtædʒəl/) or Trevena (Cornish: Tre war Venydh, meaning Village on a Mountain) is a civil parish and village situated on the Atlantic coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village and nearby Tintagel Castle are associated with the legends surrounding King Arthur and in recent times have become a tourist attraction. It was claimed by Geoffrey of Monmouth that the castle was the place of Arthur's conception.
The Lost Songs
The Lost Songs is a collection of demo recordings released by English pop rock band McFly in 2019 and 2020. The songs were originally intended for the band's sixth studio album which was then shelved. McFly recorded a full album in 2011 before focusing on supergroup McBusted.

One song from the collection was released per week leading up to the band's concert in the O2 Arena in London on 20 November 2019, marking the end of a three-year hiatus. The release of the songs was accompanied by a YouTube series of the same name, in which the band discussed one song per episode. The collection was initially only available on streaming but it has since been released on digital downloads.

The O2 Arena
The O2 Arena, commonly known as the O2, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the centre of The O2 entertainment district on the Greenwich Peninsula in southeast London, England. It opened in its present form in 2007. It has the third-highest seating capacity of any indoor venue in the United Kingdom, behind Co-op Live and Manchester Arena, and in 2008 was the world's busiest music arena.

The arena and broader complex were built within the former Millennium Dome, a large dome-shaped building intended for an exhibition celebrating the turn of the third millennium. As of 2022, it is the ninth-largest building in the world by volume with a diameter of 365 metres (399 yards) and a height of 52 metres (57 yards). It is named after its primary sponsor, the telecommunications company O2, a subsidiary of Virgin Media O2. The nearest tube station is North Greenwich on the Jubilee line.
Brett Halliday
Brett Halliday (July 31, 1904 – February 4, 1977) is the primary pen name of Davis Dresser, an American mystery and western writer.  Halliday is best known for the long-lived series of Michael Shayne mysteries he wrote, and later commissioned others to continue. Dresser also wrote westerns, non-series mysteries, and romances under the names Asa Baker, Matthew Blood, Kathryn Culver, Don Davis, Hal Debrett, Anthony Scott, Peter Field, and  Anderson Wayne.

Sleepers West
Sleepers West is a 1941 American mystery drama film directed by Eugene Forde and starring Lloyd Nolan, Lynn Bari and Mary Beth Hughes. This second entry in 20th Century-Fox's Michael Shayne series was a remake of the 1934 Fox romantic drama Sleepers East from the novel Sleepers East (1933) by Frederick Nebel. The film Michael Shayne - Private Detective (1940) was the first in a series of 12 films. Lloyd Nolan starred as Shayne until the series was dropped by Twentieth Century-Fox and picked up by PRC. In the PRC series, Hugh Beaumont played Shayne.
Lowell, Florida
Lowell is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Florida, United States, located near the intersection of County Road 329 and County Road 25A. The community is part of the Ocala Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The United States Postal Service operates the Lowell Post Office. The Lowell post office has been in operation since 1888. The community was probably named after Lowell, Massachusetts.  The ZIP Code for Lowell is 32663.

Florida State Road 25
State Road 25 (SR 25) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Florida.
It is mainly signed as U.S. Highways:

U.S. Highway 27 from Hialeah to Lady Lake and Belleview to Ocala

U.S. Highway 301 from Belleview to near Sparr

U.S. Highway 441 from Belleview to Lake City

U.S. Highway 41 from High Springs to the Georgia state line near Jennings, connecting with Georgia State Route 7

The portion from Lady Lake to Belleview is now County Road 25. A short piece in Belleview, from State Road 35 to U.S. Highway 27/301/441 (SR 500), is signed as SR 25.
24 Division (Sri Lanka)
The 24 Division is a division of the Sri Lanka Army. Established on 11 November 2009 as Task Force 3, the division is currently based in Malwatte in the Eastern Province. The division is a part of Security Forces Headquarters – East and has two brigades.

The division includes battalions of the SLNG, SLSR, and the Vijayabahu Infantry Regiment. 241Brigade includes 3 ViR, 16 SLNG, and 28SLNG.

Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
The Eastern Province (Sinhala: නැගෙනහිර පළාත Næ̆gĕnahira Paḷāta, Tamil: கிழக்கு மாகாணம் Kiḻakku Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country. The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils. Between 1988 and 2006 the province was temporarily merged with the Northern Province to form the North Eastern Province. The capital of the province is Trincomalee. Kalmunai is the largest and most populous city of Eastern Province.
Marko Petkovšek
Marko Petkovšek (1955 – 24 March 2023) was a Slovenian mathematician working mainly in symbolic computation.
He was a professor of discrete and computational mathematics at the University of Ljubljana. He is best known for Petkovšek's algorithm, and for the book that he coauthored with Herbert Wilf and Doron Zeilberger, A = B.

Computation
A computation is any type of arithmetic or non-arithmetic calculation that is well-defined. Common examples of computation are mathematical equation solving and the execution of computer algorithms.

Mechanical or electronic devices (or, historically, people) that perform computations are known as computers. Computer science is an academic field that involves the study of computation.
Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages
Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages is a project which is editing the corpus of Old Norse-Icelandic skaldic poetry., along with all poetry written down in runes. The project will publish nine volumes and is supported by a website. The corpus comprises 5797 verses by 447 skalds preserved in 718 manuscripts. As of October 2021, five volumes have been published, all of which can be accessed via the project's website.

Anatoly Liberman wrote in a review of volume 7:  "As far as the textual criticism and decipherment of skaldic poetry are concerned, after this edition not much is left for anyone to add".

Anatoly Liberman
Anatoly Liberman (Russian: Анато́лий Си́монович Либерма́н; born 10 March 1937) is a linguist, medievalist, etymologist, poet, translator of poetry (mainly from and into Russian), and literary critic.

Liberman is Professor of Germanic Philology in the Department of German, Nordic, Slavic and Dutch at the University of Minnesota, where since 1975 he has taught courses on the history of all the Germanic languages and literatures, folklore, mythology, lexicography, European structuralism and Russian formalism. He has published works on Germanic historical phonetics, English etymology, mythology/folklore, the history of philology, and poetic translation. He publishes a blog, "The Oxford Etymologist."

He is an advocate of spelling reform.
Robert G. Vosper
Robert Gordon Vosper (June 21, 1913 – May 14, 1994) was an American educator and librarian who oversaw college libraries at the University of Kansas and the University of California, Los Angeles. Vosper served as president of the American Library Association (ALA) and won the Joseph W. Lippincott award in 1985. He was also named one of the top 100 librarians of the 20th century by American Libraries. He was awarded American Library Association Honorary Membership in 1993.

American Library Association Honorary Membership
Honorary Membership conferred by the American Library Association is the Association's highest award. "Honorary membership may be conferred on a living citizen of any country whose contribution to librarianship or a closely related field is so outstanding that it is of lasting importance to the advancement of the whole field of library service. It is intended to reflect honor upon the ALA as well as upon the individual." The Honorary Membership award was established in 1879.

The first Honorary Memberships were bestowed in 1879 to Charles William Eliot, President of Harvard University and Frederick O. Prince Trustee of the Boston Public Library.
Kingfisher Shopping Centre
Kingfisher Shopping Centre is a shopping centre in Redditch, England. It contains 150 stores, with a range of large and smaller units, including anchor tenants Next and Primark. The home, leisure and garden retailer The Range opened in July 2017, taking the former BHS unit. Several restaurants and cafes also include Nandos, a Vue Cinema, and the family entertainment centre 360 Play Town.

The Range (retailer)
CDS (Superstores International) Limited, trading as The Range, is a British variety store and garden centre retailer, originally founded as Chris Dawson Superstores in 1989 as a single store in Plymouth.

In the 1990s, it became a chain and was rebranded to 'The Range', establishing a presence across the South West by the end of the decade. In the 2000s, it engaged in rapid nationwide expansion and became one of the UK's fastest growing retailers.

In September 2023, it acquired the Wilko brand and website from administration, and returned Wilko stores to the high street in December of that year. In November 2024, it acquired the Homebase brand and 49 of its stores from administration, rebranding these stores as 'The Range'. The company also refocused its existing garden centres and kitchen showrooms as Homebase-branded concessions, as well as acquiring the Bathstore brand and relaunching Homebase.co.uk.
Niki Zimling
Niki Dige Zimling (born 19 April 1985) is a Danish former professional footballer and current U19 manager of AGF.

He was named 2006 Danish under-21 Talent of the Year, and has played 24 games for the Denmark national team.

2006 UEFA European Under-21 Championship
2006 UEFA European Under-21 Championship was the 15th staging of UEFA's European Under-21 Championship. In December 2005, Portugal was selected to host the finals of the competition, which took place from 23 May–4 June 2006. The tournament was won by the Netherlands, who beat Ukraine 3–0 in the final.

The finals tournament featured two groups of four, with the winners and runners up of each group going through to the semi-finals. The draw for the finals groups took place on 8 February 2006.
Ying River
The Ying River (simplified Chinese: 颍河; traditional Chinese: 潁河; pinyin: Yǐng Hé) is the largest tributary of the Huai River with its origin in Henan Province, People's Republic of China. From Zhoukou City in Henan, the river flows through Fuyang City in Anhui Province then empties into the Huai River at Shouxian.

Seriously polluted along its entire length, in 2007 the Ying River's water quality was rated as below Grade 5 by the Chinese Environmental Protection Agency.

Fuyang
Fuyang (simplified Chinese: 阜阳; traditional Chinese: 阜陽; pinyin: Fùyángⓘ, previously romanized as Fowyang) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Anhui province, China. It is bordered by Henan province to the west and the cities of Bozhou to the northeast, Huainan to the southeast, and Lu'an to the south.

Its population was 8,200,264 inhabitants at the 2020 census whom 2,128,538 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 3 urban districts Yingzhou, Yingdong and Yingquan.
Acacia Johnson
Acacia Johnson (born 1990) is an American photographer from Alaska who since 2014 has focused on the polar regions. She has made over fifty expeditions to Greenland, the Norwegian island of Svalbard, the Canadian Arctic and Antarctica, lecturing on photography and indigenous peoples. Johnson has contributed to National Geographic, most recently in a feature on Baffin Island (September 2019). Her work forms part of the permanent collections of the Smithsonian and the Anchorage Museum.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
Pramipexole
Pramipexole, sold under the brand Mirapex among others, is a medication used to treat Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome. In Parkinson's disease it may be used alone or together with levodopa. It is taken by mouth. Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist of the non-ergoline class.

Pramipexole was approved for medical use in the United States in 1997 and was first manufactured by Pharmacia and Upjohn. It is available as a generic medication. In 2023, it was the 201st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.

Hyperalgesia
Hyperalgesia (/ˌhaɪpərælˈdʒiːziə/ or /-siə/; hyper from  Greek ὑπέρ (huper) 'over' + -algesia from Greek ἄλγος (algos) 'pain') is an abnormally increased sensitivity to pain, which may be caused by damage to nociceptors or peripheral nerves and can cause hypersensitivity to stimulus. Prostaglandins E and F are largely responsible for sensitizing the nociceptors. Temporary increased sensitivity to pain also occurs as part of sickness behavior, the evolved response to infection.
Biryuk (rural locality)
Biryuk (Russian: Бирюк; Yakut: Бүүрүк, Büürük) is a rural locality (a selo), one of four settlements, in addition to Neryuktyayinsk 1-y, Kudu-Byas and Tas-Anna, in Neryuktyayinsky 1-y Rural Okrug of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 52 kilometers (32 mi) from Olyokminsk, the administrative center of the district and 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) from Neryuktyayinsk 1-y. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 10.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.