hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sangam, Nellore district
Sangam is a village on the bank of Penna River and a Mandal in Nellore district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. The village of penna rever is nearby to the north.Sangam is a village located in Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

During annual Brahmotsavams, Seshavahanam ritual has been performed for over 120 years by the Shakhavarapu family tradition.

Administrative divisions of India
The administrative divisions of India are subnational administrative units of India; they are composed of a nested hierarchy of administrative divisions. India consists of 28 States and 8 Union Territories. These are divided into districts (some states group a set of districts as a division), followed by subdistricts (known in different local names like tehsils and talukas), which are divided into blocks, which consist of villages.

Indian states and territories frequently use different local titles for the same level of subdivision (e.g., the mandals of Andhra Pradesh  and Telangana correspond to tehsils of Uttar Pradesh and other Hindi-speaking states but to talukas or taluks of Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu).

The smaller subdivisions (villages and development blocks) exist only in rural areas. In urban areas, urban local bodies exist instead of these rural subdivisions.
Sandridge School District 172
Sandridge School District 172 is an elementary school district based in the unincorporated southern Chicago suburb of Chicago Heights, Illinois on the Cook County side of boundaries with Will County, Illinois and Lake County, Indiana; Sandridge School District serves students in Chicago Heights and the surrounding communities of Lynwood and Sauk Village. The district is composed of a single facility that handles all students below and including those in grade eight. This school, known as Sandridge Elementary School. The school and district were named for the geography of the school when it was initially constructed, as it was built upon a sandy ridge.

Lynwood, Illinois
Lynwood is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, and a suburb of Chicago. The population was 9,116 at the 2020 census.

Lynwood was founded in 1959. The village is bordered by Lansing to the north, Glenwood to the west, Ford Heights and Sauk Village to the south, and Munster and Dyer, Indiana, to the east. The Indiana state line borders the entire eastern edge of Lynwood. The village is currently a mix of suburban neighborhoods with a substantial amount of remaining farmland.
Agattu
Agattu (Aleut: Angatux̂; Russian: Агатту) is an island in Alaska, part of the Near Islands in the western end of the Aleutian Islands. With a land area of 85.558 square miles (221.59 km2) Agattu is one of the largest uninhabited islands in the Aleutians. It is the second largest of the Near Islands, after Attu Island. It is volcanic and considerably mountainous. The treeless island has a tundra-like terrain which reaches a peak of 2,073 feet (632 m) above sea level. Its length is 19 miles (30 km) and width is 12.2 miles (19.7 km).

Tundra
In physical geography, a tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic.

Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating a feedback cycle that contributes to climate change.
Madhyasvatva
Madhyasvatva (literally meaning "Subinfeudation") was a term used to denote the intermediate rights (lesser nobles, or tributaries to higher-ranking lords) that developed in Bengal following the Permanent Settlement Act of 1793 by Lord Cornwallis.

The "zamindars" (or feudal lords) created new offices and rights in between themselves and the peasants or the "Ryots". This practice of land ownership has been described by the nineteenth century revenue surveyors as having similarities with European feudalism of pre-modern times.

The "taluqdars" rose during this stage in Bengal and in a few generations transformed into petty aristocrats.

Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy (from Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, "rule of the best"; Latin: aristocratia) is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class with hereditary rank and titles. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy.
Criegee intermediate
A Criegee intermediate (also called a Criegee zwitterion or Criegee biradical) is a carbonyl oxide with two charge centers. These chemicals may react with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the Earth's atmosphere, and are implicated in the formation of aerosols, which are an important factor in controlling global climate.  Criegee intermediates are also an important source of OH (hydroxyl radicals). OH radicals are the most important oxidant in the troposphere, and are important in controlling air quality and pollution.

The formation of this sort of structure was first postulated in the 1950s by Rudolf Criegee, for whom it is named.  It was not until 2012 that direct detection of such chemicals was reported. Infrared spectroscopy suggests the electronic structure has a substantially zwitterionic character rather than the biradical character that had previously been proposed.

Zwitterion
In chemistry, a zwitterion (/ˈtsvɪtərˌaɪɔːn/ TSVIT-ər-EYE-awn; from German  Zwitter [ˈtsvɪtɐ] 'hermaphrodite'), also called an inner salt or dipolar ion, is a molecule that contains an equal number of positively and negatively charged functional groups.
(1,2-dipolar compounds, such as ylides, are sometimes excluded from the definition.)

Some zwitterions, such as amino acid zwitterions, are in chemical equilibrium with an uncharged "parent" molecule. Betaines are zwitterions that cannot isomerize to an all-neutral form, such as when the positive charge is located on a quaternary ammonium group. Similarly, a molecule containing a phosphonium group and a carboxylate group cannot isomerize.
Lian Tanner
Lian Tanner (born 17 March 1951 in Tasmania, Australia) is an Australian children's author who lives in southern Tasmania.

Tanner is the author of the fantasy Keepers trilogy of children's books. Museum of Thieves the first book in the series was published in 2010. It has been published in Australia, the US and India and translated into German, Turkish, Chinese characters, Bahasa Indonesia, Thai, Brazilian Portuguese, Spanish, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian and Bulgarian.

Prior to writing fiction Tanner held a number of jobs including as a teacher in Australia and Papua New Guinea. She has also worked as a journalist, editor and an actor. Tanner was in the feminist folk band The Ovarian Sisters in the 1970s and 80s.

New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards
The New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, also known as the NSW Premier's Literary Awards, were first awarded in 1979. They are among the richest literary awards in Australia. Notable prizes include the Christina Stead Prize for Fiction, the Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry, and the Douglas Stewart Prize for Non-Fiction.

As of 2019, the Awards are presented by the NSW Government and administered by the State Library of New South Wales in association with Create NSW, with support of Multicultural NSW and the University of Technology Sydney (UTS). Total prize money in 2019 was up to A$305,000, with eligibility limited to writers, translators and illustrators with Australian citizenship or permanent resident status.
Simplon
Simplon is the name of a region in the Alps, and can refer to:

Simplon Pass, high mountain pass between the Pennine Alps and Lepontine Alps in Switzerland

Simplon Tunnel, close to the pass

Simplon Valley,  a valley between the Pennine and Lepontine Alps and between Switzerland and Italy.

Simplon, Valais, a Swiss municipality

Simplon (département), a former French département corresponding with modern Valais, Switzerland

Simplon (Paris Metro), a stop on the Paris Metro

Simplon, a farm and railway station in Namibia (see de:Simplon (Namibia))

Simplon (department)
Simplon (French: [sɛ̃.plɔ̃]) was a department of the First French Empire. It was named after the Simplon Pass (Italian: Passo del Sempione). It was formed in 1810, when the Republic of Valais was annexed by France. Its territory corresponded with that of the present-day Swiss canton of Valais.

The chef-lieu of the department was Sion. The department was subdivided into the following three arrondissements and cantons:

Sion: Hérémence, Loèche, Sierre and Sion.

Brigue: Brigue, Conches, Mœrel, Rarogne and Viège.

Saint-Maurice: Entremont, Martigny, Monthey and Saint-Maurice.

After the final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1815, the department was admitted to the Swiss Confederation and became the canton of Valais.
Villars, Dordogne
Villars (French pronunciation: [vilaʁ]; Occitan: Vilars) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Nearby towns include Brantôme and Nontron.

Villars' attractions include the Château de Puyguilhem, Grotte de Villars and the Abbaye de Boschaud.

Dordogne
Dordogne (UK: /dɔːrˈdɔɪn/ dor-DOYN, US: /dɔːrˈdoʊn/ dor-DOHN or /dɔːrˈdɔːnjə/ dor-DAWN-yə; French: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha [duɾˈduɲɔ]) is a large rural department in southwest France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region roughly half-way between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees, it is named after the river Dordogne, which runs through it. It corresponds roughly to the ancient county of Périgord. In January 2023, Dordogne had a population of 412,807.
Washington Award
The Washington Award is an American engineering award.

Since 1916 it has been given annually for "accomplishments which promote the happiness, comfort, and well-being of humanity". It is awarded jointly by the following engineering societies: American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, American Nuclear Society, American Society of Civil Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, National Society of Professional Engineers, and Western Society of Engineers (which administers the award).

American Society of Civil Engineers
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is a tax-exempt professional body founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, it is the oldest national engineering society in the United States. Its constitution was based on the older Boston Society of Civil Engineers from 1848.

ASCE is dedicated to the advancement of the science and profession of civil engineering and the enhancement of human welfare through the activities of society members. It has more than 143,000 members in 177 countries. Its mission is to provide essential value to members, their careers, partners, and the public; facilitate the advancement of technology; encourage and provide the tools for lifelong learning; promote professionalism and the profession; develop and support civil engineers.
Helen Conkling
Helen Conkling (born 1933) is an American poet. Her work has appeared in the Antioch Review, Georgia Review, the Hudson Review, Chicago Review, the Ohio Review and Prairie Schooner. In 1996, she was the recipient of the Agnes Lynch Starrett Poetry Prize.

Prairie Schooner
Prairie Schooner is a literary magazine published quarterly at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln with the cooperation of UNL's English Department and the University of Nebraska Press. It is based in Lincoln, Nebraska and was first published in 1926. It was founded by Lowry Wimberly and a small group of his students, who together formed the Wordsmith Chapter of Sigma Upsilon (a national honorary literary society).

Although many assume it is a regional magazine, it is nationally and internationally distributed and publishes writers from all over the United States and the world.

Prairie Schooner has garnered selections and honorable mentions in the Pushcart Prize anthologies and various of the Best American series, including Best American Short Stories, Best American Essays, Best American Mystery Stories, and Best American Nonrequired Reading.
Baranovsky railway station
Baranovsky railway station is railway station in the village of Baranovsky, Nadezhdinsky District, Primorsky Krai, Russia. It belongs to the Trans-Siberian Railway and Baranovsky–Khasan railway line of the Far Eastern Railway.

This is a terminus of single-track Baranovsky–Khasan railway line that connects Baranovsky to Khasan railway station (last station on the Russian side). The train line continues to  Tumangang Station in North Korea.

The main way of Transsib (in Khabarovsk and Vladivostok) electrified AC 25 kV (1963), the progress on the non-electrified Khasan. At the station, stop all trains and some passenger trains. Fast trains pass the station without stopping. The station receives and issues a carload freight and small shipments.

Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk (Russian: Хабаровск [xɐˈbarəfsk] ⓘ) is the largest city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) from the China–Russia border, at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers, about 800 kilometers (500 mi) north of Vladivostok. As of the 2021 Russian census, it had a population of 617,441. It was known as Khabarovka until 1893.

The city was the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia from 2002 until December 2018, when the status was given to Vladivostok. As is typical of the interior of the Russian Far East, Khabarovsk has an extreme climate with strong seasonal swings resulting in strong, cold winters and relatively hot and humid summers.
The Book of Us: Gluon
The Book of Us: Gluon – Nothing Can Tear Us Apart, often shortened to The Book of Us: Gluon, is the first extended play by South Korean band Day6 (Even of Day), a sub-unit of Day6 consisting of members Young K, Wonpil, and Dowoon. It was released by JYP Entertainment on August 31, 2020. The album contains seven tracks co-written by Young K and Wonpil, including the lead single, "Where the Sea Sleeps".

JYP Entertainment
JYP Entertainment Corporation (Korean: JYP 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate founded in 1997 by J.Y. Park. Operating as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management company, concert production company and music publishing house, it is one of the largest entertainment companies in South Korea. The company also operates subsidiary ventures and divisions internationally.
Charming Kitten
Charming Kitten, also called APT35 (by Mandiant), Phosphorus or Mint Sandstorm (by Microsoft), Ajax Security (by FireEye), and NewsBeef (by Kaspersky) is an Iranian government cyberwarfare group, described by several companies and government officials as an advanced persistent threat (APT).

The United States Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has identified Charming Kitten as one of several Iranian state-aligned actors that target civil society organizations, including journalists, academics, and human rights defenders, in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East, as part of efforts to collect intelligence, manipulate discourse, and suppress dissent.

The group is known to conduct phishing campaigns that impersonate legitimate organizations and websites, using fake accounts and domains to harvest user credentials.

Mandiant
Mandiant, Inc. is an American cybersecurity firm and a subsidiary of Google. The company published a report in February 2013 that implicated China in cyber espionage. In December 2013, FireEye acquired Mandiant for $1 billion. FireEye later sold its product line, name, and employees to Symphony Technology Group for $1.2 billion in June 2021. In March 2022, Google announced it would acquire Mandiant for $5.4 billion. The firm was fully incorporated into the Google Cloud division in September 2022.
Robert Grevett
Robert Gordon Grevett (24 November 1914 – 5 March 2004) was an English cricketer. Grevett was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Eastbourne, Sussex.

Grevett made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at The Saffrons, Eastbourne, in 1939. Oxford University won the toss and elected to bat, scoring 178 in their first-innings. In response, Sussex made 169 in their first-innings, with Grevett, who batted at number three, being dismissed for a duck by David Macindoe. Oxford University made 324 in their second-innings, leaving Sussex with a target of 334 to win. However, Sussex could only make 277 in their second-innings chase, with Grevett once again dismissed for a duck, this time off the bowling of Algernon Marsham. This was his only major appearance for Sussex.

He died at Chertsey, Surrey, on 5 March 2004. His uncle, William Grevett, also played a single first-class match for Sussex.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Listed buildings in Blacko
Blacko is a civil parish in Pendle, Lancashire, England. It contains twelve listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All of the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the village of Blacko, and is otherwise rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, farmhouses, or farm buildings.  The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes through the parish, and a bridge crossing it is listed.  The other listed buildings consist of a public house, a war memorial, and a tower standing in a prominent position on a hill.

Leeds and Liverpool Canal
The Leeds and Liverpool Canal is a canal in Northern England, linking the cities of Leeds and Liverpool.

Over a distance of 127 miles (204 km), crossing the Pennines, and including 91 locks on the main line. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal has several small branches, and in the early 21st century a new link was constructed into the Liverpool docks system.
Qiratah
Qirata (Arabic: قيراطة)  is a Syrian village located in Qalaat al-Madiq Subdistrict in Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qirata had a population of 267 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
Miss Grand Venezuela
Miss Grand Venezuela is a Venezuelan female beauty pageant that has been held for the first time in 2022 to select the country's representatives to compete in its parent stage Miss Grand International, in which Venezuela acquired the main title once in 2019, won by a 19-year-old model from Anzoátegui, Valentina Figuera. Another highlight achievement is the first runner-up, obtained  in 2017 by Tulia Alemán of Falcón.

Venezuela's representatives always got placement at Miss Grand International, except for 2020, however, during 2013 - 2021, all such representatives were appointed instead of organizing the Miss Grand national contest. The first edition of Miss Grand Venezuela was held in August 2022 in Caracas.

The current Miss Grand Venezuela is Nariman Battikha of Monagas who was crowned on 30 August 2025, at the Wynwood Park, Valencia, Venezuela.

Venezuelans
Venezuelans (Spanish: venezolanos) are the citizens identified with the country of Venezuela. This connection may be through citizenship, descent or cultural. For most Venezuelans, many or all of these connections exist and are the source of their Venezuelan citizenship or their bond to Venezuela.

Venezuela is a diverse and multilingual country, home to a melting pot of people of distinct origins. As a result, many Venezuelans do not regard their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship or allegiance. From the 1820s to 1930s Venezuela received 2.1 million European immigrants, the third most in Latin America, behind Argentina and Brazil.
Justin Crosby
Justin Crosby is an American politician who was elected as a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives in 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, he defeated incumbent Republican Jon Ray Lancaster. Crosby graduated from Itawamba Community College, Delta State University and the University of Mississippi.

2025 Mississippi House of Representatives special election
The 2025 Mississippi House of Representatives special election was held on November 4, 2025, to elect 5 of 122 members of the Mississippi House of Representatives. Special elections were called in 5 districts due to court-ordered redistricting, in addition to special elections held on April 22 to fill vacancies in two districts. Primary elections were held on August 5, and runoff elections were canceled as all elections resulted in majority wins.
Kia Picanto
The Kia Picanto is a city car that has been produced by the South Korean car manufacturer, Kia, since 2003. Other names of the car include Kia Morning (Korean: 기아 모닝, romanized: Gia Moning) in South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan (first two generations) and Chile, Kia EuroStar in Taiwan (first generation), Kia New Morning in Vietnam and the Naza Suria or Naza Picanto in Malaysia (first generation). The Picanto is primarily manufactured at the Donghee joint-venture plant in Seosan, South Korea, though some countries locally assemble complete knock-down versions of the car.

The vehicle has been developed in compliance with the "light car" (Korean: 경차, romanized: Gyeongcha) category in South Korea which offers tax incentives for vehicles with exterior dimensions below 3,600 mm (141.7 in) in length and 1,600 mm (63.0 in) in width.

Latin NCAP
The Latin New Car Assessment Programme (Latin NCAP) is an automobile safety assessment programme for Latin America and the Caribbean. Founded in 2010, it offers independent information to consumers about the safety levels of new cars in the market. Latin NCAP tests are based in international renowned methodologies, with vehicles awarded a safety rating between 0 and 5 stars, indicating the protection the cars offer to adult and child occupants. The programme started as a joint initiative and in 2014 it was established as an association under a legal entity framework.