hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flag of Manitoba
The official flag of the Province of Manitoba is the Red Ensign bearing the shield of the provincial Coat of Arms. It was given royal approval by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in October 1965 and was officially proclaimed by the Legislative Assembl of Manitoba. on 12 May 1966. The flag was adopted in the period after the national Flag of Canada was proclaimed and when most Canadian provinces and territories adopted flags. With the demise of the Canadian Ensign as a national symbol, both Manitoba and Ontario chose to adopt provincial flags based on its design to commemorate and preserve its longstanding association with Canada.

North American Vexillological Association
The North American Vexillological Association (NAVA) is a membership organization devoted to vexillology, the study of flags. It was founded in 1967 by American vexillologist Whitney Smith, and others. Its membership of 1,100+ comprises flag scholars, enthusiasts, designers, collectors, conservators, educators, merchants, manufacturers, historians, and hobbyists from most states and provinces of the United States and Canada, and more than 30 other countries.

In the 21st century, many state and municipal bodies have re-evaluated and introduced measures to change their flags, often influenced and initiated by NAVA's surveys on flag design. Some of their design processes have followed a set of flag design principles compiled by Ted Kaye and published by NAVA.
John Garba Danbinta
John Garba Danbinta  is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: he is the Bishop of Gusau, one of ten dioceses within the Anglican Province of Kaduna, itself one of 14 provinces within the Church of Nigeria.

He was elected Bishop of Gusau in 2005.

Church of Nigeria
The Church of Nigeria, officially styled the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), is the Anglican church in Nigeria. The church claims to be the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion, as measured by baptised membership (not by attendance), after the Church of England with 18 million members.

Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces. It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 and 176 from September 2025. The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja. Archbishop Henry Ndukuba became its primate in 2020.
Bob Mountain
Robert Brian Mountain (born 11 September 1956) is an English former professional footballer born in Wombwell, Yorkshire, who played in the Football League for Huddersfield Town in the 1970s. Mountain went on to play non-league football for Frickley Colliery, Mexborough Town, Bridlington Trinity, Grantham Town, for whom he scored 15 goals from 39 games in all competitions, Alfreton Town, with 47 goals from 82 games in all competitions, Matlock Town, with whom he was Northern Premier League leading scorer in the 1982–83 season, and Stafford Rangers, for whom he scored the winning goal in the Conference League Cup in 1985–86.

Stafford Rangers F.C.
Stafford Rangers Football Club is a semi-professional English football team from Stafford which plays in the Northern Premier League Division One West.

The team wear black and white stripes with black shorts. Stafford Rangers' rivals include Tamworth, Hednesford Town, Burton Albion and Telford United.
BOP reagent
BOP (benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate) is a reagent commonly used for the synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids and amines in peptide synthesis. It can be prepared from 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and a chlorophosphonium reagent under basic conditions. This reagent has advantages in peptide synthesis since it avoids side reactions like the dehydration of asparagine or glutamine residues. BOP has used for the synthesis of esters from the carboxylic acids and alcohols. BOP has also been used in the reduction of carboxylic acids to primary alcohols with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Its use raises safety concerns since the carcinogenic compound HMPA is produced as a stoichiometric by-product.

Alcohol (chemistry)
In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic  al-kuḥl 'the kohl') is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly modifies the properties of hydrocarbons, conferring hydrophilic (water-attracted) properties.  The OH group provides a site at which many reactions can occur.
Look Who's Stalking
"Look Who's Stalking" is the twentieth episode of the second season of the American mystery television series Veronica Mars, and the forty-second episode overall. Written by John Enbom and directed by Michael Fields, the episode premiered on UPN on April 25, 2006.

The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective. In this episode, Gia (Krysten Ritter) asks Veronica for help in tracking someone who is stalking her. Meanwhile, Logan (Jason Dohring) and Dick (Ryan Hansen) organize an alternative prom when the traditional one is cancelled, and Veronica and Logan almost reignite their previous relationship.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
Jiao Hong
Jiao Hong (Chinese: 焦竑; 1540–1620), courtesy name Ruohou (Chinese: 弱侯; pinyin: Ruòhóu), pseudonym Zhanyuan (Chinese: 澹園; pinyin: Zhānyuán) was a Chinese philosopher and historian of the late Ming dynasty.

Jiao Hong was a native of Nanjing. At the age of 25, he passed the provincial examination and got the Juren degree. However, it would take him another 25 years to pass the imperial examination in 1589. He obtained the first rank (Zhuangyuan) and was appointed Xiuzhuan (修撰) of the Hanlin Academy.

Jiao Hong had the opinion that man was the most important factor in history. He therefore compiled volumes of biographies of Ming period persons, named Guochao xianzheng lu (國朝獻征錄), which is considered as an important addendum to the official History of Ming (明史). Other important writings of him include Danyuan ji (澹園集), Danyuan xuji (澹園續集), Jiaoshi bicheng (焦氏筆乘), Jiaoshi leilin (焦氏類林), Yutang congyu (玉堂叢語), Laozi yi (老子翼), Zhuangzi yi (莊子翼), and Sushu kanwu (俗書刊誤).

Art name
An art name (pseudonym or pen name), also known by its native names hào (in Mandarin Chinese), gō (in Japanese), ho (in Korean), and tên hiệu (in Vietnamese), is a professional name used by artists, poets and writers in the Sinosphere. The word and the concept originated in China, where it was used as nicknames for the educated, then became popular in other East Asian countries (especially in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and the former Kingdom of Ryukyu).

In some cases, artists adopted different pseudonyms at different stages of their career, usually to mark significant changes in their life. Extreme practitioners of this tendency were Tang Yin of the Ming dynasty, who had more than ten hao, Hokusai of Japan, who in the period 1798 to 1806 alone used no fewer than six, and Kim Chŏnghŭi of the Joseon Dynasty who had up to 503.
Hintlesham Woods
Hintlesham Woods is a 118.1-hectare (292-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Hadleigh in Suffolk. Part of it is Wolves Wood, which is managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

These ancient coppice with standards woods are mainly oak with some ash and birch. The soils are boulder clay, which is covered in some areas with glacial sands. Ground flora includes green hellebore, birds-nest orchid and wood spurge.

There are several kinds of woods in two blocks. There is access to footpaths in Wolves Wood and Ramsey Wood, but other areas are private property with no public access.

Boulder clay
Boulder clay is an unsorted agglomeration of clastic sediment that is unstratified and structureless and contains gravel of various sizes, shapes, and compositions distributed at random in a fine-grained matrix. The fine-grained matrix consists of stiff, hard, pulverized clay or rock flour. Boulder clay is also known as drift clay; till; and unstratified drift.

The term boulder clay is infrequently used for gravelly sedimentary deposits of nonglacial origin. These deposits include submarine slump and slide deposits along continental margins, lacustrine debris flow deposits consisting of pebbly mudstones, and coarse, poorly sorted, cobbly diamictons associated with the Guangxi karst, China.
William Thomas Frederick Davies
Lieutenant-Colonel William Thomas Frederick Davies CMG DSO (13 August 1860 – 24 June 1947) was a South African surgeon, army officer and politician.

Davies trained at Guy's Hospital in London. In the South African War he served as Surgeon-Major with the Imperial Light Horse and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). From 1914 to 1915, he commanded the 2nd Imperial Light Horse in German South-West Africa, where he was wounded. From 1915 to 1917, he was a member of the South African House of Assembly, for which he was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1920 New Year Honours.

In 1917, he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps and remained with the corps until 1919, serving as Surgeon Specialist at the General Military Hospital, Colchester. Returning home, he became President of the South African Medical Council.

Guy's Hospital
Guy's Hospital is an NHS hospital founded by philanthropist Thomas Guy in 1721, located in the borough of Southwark in central London. It is part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and one of the institutions that comprise the King's Health Partners, an academic health science centre. It is the large teaching hospital of GKT School of Medical Education.

The hospital's Tower Wing (originally known as Guy's Tower) was, when built in 1974, the tallest hospital building in the world, standing at 148.65 metres (487.7 ft) with 34 floors. The tower was overtaken as the world's tallest healthcare-related building by The Belaire in New York City in 1988. As of June 2019, the Tower Wing, which remains one of the tallest buildings in London, is the world's sixth-tallest hospital building.
Cann, Dorset
Cann is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southern England. It is situated on the A350 road in the Dorset administrative district, 1 mile (1.5 kilometres) south of Shaftesbury. The civil parish covers 2,600 acres (1,100 hectares) and has an underlying geology of Kimmeridge clay, greensand and gault clay. In the 2011 census the parish—which includes HM Prison Guys Marsh—had a population of 822.

Shaftesbury
Shaftesbury (/ˈʃɑːftsbəri, ˈʃæfts-/) is a town and civil parish in Dorset, England. It is on the A30 road, 20 miles (32 kilometres) west of Salisbury and 23 miles (37 kilometres) north-northeast of Dorchester, near the border with Wiltshire. It is the only significant hilltop settlement in Dorset, being built about 215 metres (705 feet) above sea level on a greensand hill on the edge of Cranborne Chase.

The town looks over the Blackmore Vale, part of the River Stour basin.

Shaftesbury is the site of the former Shaftesbury Abbey, which was founded in 888 by King Alfred and became one of the richest religious establishments in the country, before being destroyed in the dissolution in 1539. Adjacent to the abbey site is Gold Hill, a steep cobbled street used in the 1970s as the setting for Ridley Scott's television advertisement for Hovis bread.

In the 2021 census the town's civil parish had a population of 9,162.
Penn State Wilkes-Barre
Penn State Wilkes-Barre is a commonwealth campus of Pennsylvania State University located in Lehman Township, Pennsylvania. The campus was established in 1916, but in May 2025 Penn State officials announced it would close after the Spring 2027 semester, citing low enrollment and financial losses.

Bradford County, Pennsylvania
Bradford County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, its population was 59,967. Its county seat is Towanda.  The county was created on February 21, 1810, from parts of Lycoming and Luzerne Counties. Originally called Ontario County, it was reorganized and separated from Lycoming County on October 13, 1812, and renamed Bradford County for William Bradford, who had been a chief justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and United States Attorney General. The county is part of the Northeast region of the commonwealth.

Bradford County comprises the Sayre, Pennsylvania micropolitan statistical area.

The county is not to be confused with the city of Bradford, which is in McKean County, 141 miles to the west via U.S. Route 6.
Shrew (stock character)
The shrew – an unpleasant, ill-tempered woman characterised by scolding, nagging, and aggression – is a comedic stock character in literature and folklore, both Western and Eastern. The theme is illustrated in Shakespeare's play The Taming of the Shrew.

As a reference to actual women, rather than the stock character, the shrew is considered old-fashioned, and the synonym scold (as a noun) is archaic. The term shrew is still used to describe the stock character in fiction and folk storytelling. None of these terms are usually applied to males in Modern English.

This stereotype or cliché was common in early- to mid-20th-century films, and retains some present-day currency, often shifted somewhat toward the virtues of the stock female character of the heroic virago.

Folklorist Jan Harold Brunvand collected over 400 literary and oral versions of shrew stories in 30 cultural groups in Europe in the middle 20th century.

Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

In linguistics, nouns constitute a lexical category (part of speech) defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages.

In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners, articles and attributive adjectives, and can function as the head of a noun phrase. According to traditional and popular classification, pronouns are distinct from nouns, but in much modern theory they are considered a subclass of nouns.  Every language has various linguistic and grammatical distinctions between nouns and verbs.
Cushing's Regiment of Militia
Cushing's Regiment of Militia (also known as the 6th Worcester County Militia Regiment) was a Massachusetts Line militia unit commanded by Colonel Job Cushing and was called up at Westborough, Massachusetts on August 16, 1777, as reinforcements for the Continental Army during the Saratoga Campaign. The regiment marched quickly to join the gathering forces of General Horatio Gates as he faced British General John Burgoyne in northern New York. The regiment served in Brigadier General Jonathan Warner's brigade. With the surrender of Burgoyne's Army on October 17, the regiment was disbanded on November 29, 1777.

Convention Army
The Convention Army was a force of British and Hessian troops under General John Burgoyne captured by the Continental Army after Burgoyne's surrender at the Battles of Saratoga during the American Revolutionary War. It is named for the convention concluded between Burgoyne and American General Horatio Gates, later rejected by the Continental Congress, to allow Burgoyne's army to be evacuated to Britain with the promise that it would not to return to North America. The Continental Army's commander-in-chief, George Washington, repudiated the convention and Burgoyne's army was not allowed to leave American-held territory. Although the British and Hessian troops were not formally prisoners of war, they were not at liberty either. The Convention Army remained in the United States until the conclusion of the war in 1783, despite persistent British efforts to rescue them.
Ilona Brand
Ilona Brand (born 17 April 1958) is an East German luger who competed during the late 1970s and early 1980s. She won two medals in the women's singles event at the FIL European Luge Championships with a silver in 1979 and a bronze in 1980.

Brand also finished fifth in the women's singles event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid.

FIL European Luge Championships 1980
The FIL European Luge Championships 1980 took place in Olang, Italy for the second time after previously hosting the event in 1975. It also marked the last time the championships would be hosted in consecutive years, a tradition started in 1970. Beginning at these championships, the event would be hosted in even-numbered years, a tradition that continued until 2012.
Suskityrannus
Suskityrannus (meaning "coyote tyrant", suski meaning "coyote" in Zuni) is a genus of small tyrannosauroid theropod from the Late Cretaceous of southern Laramidia. It contains a single species, Suskityrannus hazelae, and the type specimen was found in the Turonian-aged Moreno Hill Formation of the Zuni Basin in western New Mexico.

Turonian
The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.2 Ma and 89.8 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage.

At the beginning of the Turonian an oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event". Sea level fall took place in the latter part of the Turonian from the highstand at the beginning of the Turonian.
Forrest Turner
Forrest T. Turner (February 8, 1915 – January 5, 2001) was an American bootlegger and rum-runner who gained notoriety for multiple escapes from prison in the 1930s and 1940s. Georgia Governor Ellis Arnall gave him a full pardon with the understanding that he would speak out against crime and in favor of prison reform. From that time until his death, he gave more than 10,000 speeches to church and school groups about prison reform. He earned his living making dentures, a trade he had learned in prison.

Ellis Arnall
Ellis Gibbs Arnall (March 20, 1907 – December 13, 1992) was an American politician who served as the 69th Governor of Georgia from 1943 to 1947. A liberal Democrat, he helped lead efforts to abolish the poll tax and to reduce Georgia's voting age to 18. Following his departure from office, he became a highly successful attorney and businessman.
George Savage (priest)
The Venerable George Savage was an Anglican priest in the late 16th and early 17th  centuries.

Savage was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He held livings at Sedgeberrow, Tolleshunt Major, Saintbury and Dursley Robinson was Archdeacon of Gloucester from 1575 until his death in 1602.

Tolleshunt Major
Tolleshunt Major (/ˈtoʊlzhʌnt/ TOHLZ-hunt) is a village and civil parish in the Maldon District of Essex, England. It lies 5 miles (8 km) north-east of the town of Maldon on the northern bank of the River Blackwater. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 729.
Lit Motors
Lit Motors Inc. is a San Francisco-based startup founded by Daniel K. Kim in 2010. Lit Motors designs conceptual two-wheeled vehicles with a focus on innovative technologies, including the AEV (Auto-balancing Electric Vehicle), often referred to as the "C-1," a fully electric, gyroscopically stabilized vehicle, and the Kubo cargo scooter.

The inspiration for Lit Motors came to Kim in 2003, when he was injured by a chassis while manually assembling a bio-diesel Land Rover Defender 90. This experience led Kim to "chop a car in half," leading to the creation of the C-1 concept.

Since 2011, the company has developed a number of prototypes, but as of July 2025, has not given an exact release date for a production model.

Chassis
A chassis (US: /ˈtʃæ.si/, UK: /ˈʃæ.si/; plural chassis /-iz/ from French châssis [ʃɑsi]), is the load-bearing framework of a manufactured object, which structurally supports the object in its construction and function. An example of a chassis is a vehicle frame, the underpart of a motor vehicle, on which the body is mounted; if the running gear such as wheels and transmission, and sometimes even the driver's seat, are included, then the assembly is described as a rolling chassis.
1981 United Kingdom budget
The 1981 United Kingdom budget was delivered by Geoffrey Howe, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, to the House of Commons on 10 March 1981. It was Geoffrey Howe's third budget and the second of the first Thatcher ministry. The budget represented a strongly monetarist response to the stagflation and high government borrowing which the UK was suffering at the time. The budget speech lasted for 91 minutes.

First Thatcher ministry
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.

This article details the first Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1979 to 1983.
Belomortsi Point
Belomortsi Point (Bulgarian: нос Беломорци, ‘Nos Belomortsi’ \'nos be-lo-'mor-tsi\) is the sharp and low ice-free point projecting 140 m northwestwards from Gerlovo Beach on Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula, Livingston Island in Antarctica. The feature is named after the settlement of Belomortsi in Northeastern Bulgaria.

Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula
62°31′43″S 60°45′58″W﻿ / ﻿62.52861°S 60.76611°W﻿ / -62.52861; -60.76611

Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula (Bulgarian: Полуостров Йоан Павел II, romanized: Poluostrov Yoan Pavel II, IPA: [poɫuˈɔstrof joˈan ˈpavɛɫ ˈftɔri]) is an ice-covered peninsula on the north coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica that is bounded by Hero Bay to the east and Barclay Bay to the west. It extends 13 km in length in south–north direction and is 8 km wide. Its north extremity is formed by the ice-free Cape Shirreff, an area visited by early 19th century sealers.  The peninsula's interior is occupied by Oryahovo Heights.

The feature is named after Pope John Paul II (1920–2005) for his contribution to world peace and understanding among people.
Yuanxing (beef cattle)
Yuanxing (Chinese: 源興牛; pinyin: Yuánxing níu) is an original Tajima strain's breed of Taiwanese beef cattle. This breed was found and purchased by former President of Taiwan Lee Teng-hui from Qingtiangang Grassland in Yangmingshan National Park in 2016, and originally imported from Japanese colonial government. The breed has originally 19 heads of cattle, and is currently raised in Hualien.

Government-General of Taiwan
The Government-General of Taiwan (Government of Taiwan, Taiwan Government, Government of Formosa, Japanese: 台湾総督府, Kyūjitai: 臺灣總督府, Hepburn: Taiwan Sōtokufu; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-oân Chóng-tok-hú; Tâi-lô: Tâi-uân Tsóng-tok-hú; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ=Thòi-vân Chúng-tuk-fú) was the government that governed Taiwan under Japanese rule between 1895 and 1945.