hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Northeim, Wisconsin
Northeim is an unincorporated community located in the town of Newton, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States. Northeim is located on Pine Creek at the junction of County Highways U and LS, 6.8 miles (10.9 km) south-southwest of Manitowoc.

Manitowoc, Wisconsin
Manitowoc (/ˈmænɪtəwɒk/ ⓘ MAN-it-ə-wok) is a city in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is located on Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Manitowoc River. The population was 34,626 at the 2020 census.
Salihli railway station
Salihli railway station (Turkish: Salihli garı) is a railway station in Salihli, Turkey and is the only station within the city. TCDD Taşımacılık operates a daily inter-city train from İzmir to Konya and a daily regional train to İzmir to Uşak.

The station was originally built by the Smyrna Cassaba Railway in 1875 as part of their railway from Smyrna (modern-day İzmir) to Karahisar. Salihli station consists of a single side platform, serving one track. A small freight yard and freight house are located adjacent to the station.

Inter-city rail
Inter-city rail services are express trains that run services that connect cities over longer distances than commuter or regional trains. They include rail services that are neither short-distance commuter rail trains within one city area nor slow regional rail trains stopping at all stations and covering local journeys only. An inter-city train is typically an express train with limited stops and comfortable carriages to serve long-distance travel.

Inter-city rail sometimes provides international services. This is most prevalent in Europe because of the proximity of its 50 countries to a 10,180,000-square-kilometre (3,930,000-square-mile) area. Eurostar and EuroCity are examples. In many European countries, the word InterCity or Inter-City is an official brand name for a network of regular-interval and relatively long-distance train services that meet certain criteria of speed and comfort. That use of the term appeared in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and has been widely imitated.
The Accursed Share
The Accursed Share: An Essay on General Economy (French: La Part maudite) is a 1949 book about political economy by the French intellectual Georges Bataille, in which the author presents a new economic theory which he calls "general economy". The work comprises Volume I: Consumption, Volume II: The History of Eroticism, and Volume III: Sovereignty. It was first published in France by Les Éditions de Minuit, and in the United States by Zone Books. It is considered one of the most important of Bataille's books.

Utne Reader
Utne Reader (also known as Utne; /ˈʌtni/, UT-nee) is a digital digest that collects and reprints articles on politics, culture, and the environment, generally from alternative media sources including journals, newsletters, weeklies, zines, music, and DVDs.

The magazine's writers and editors contribute book, film, and music reviews and original articles that tend to focus on emerging cultural trends. The magazine's website produces ten blogs covering politics, environment, media, spirituality, science and technology, great writing, and the arts.  The publication takes its name from founder Eric Utne. Eric Utne's surname is ultimately derived from the Norwegian village of Utne, which loosely translates as "far out".
Kayilan
Kayilan is a 2025 Indian Tamil-language investigative thriller film directed by Arul Ajit in his directorial debut, starring Sshivada, Ramya Pandian and Prajin in the lead roles. The film is produced by BT Arasakumar under his BTK Films banner and the technical team consists of cinematography by Ameen, editing by Ignatious Aswin, background scored by Hari SR and songs composed by Karthik Harsha. Kayilan released in theatres on 10 October 2025.

G. Gnanasambandan
Gnanasambandan Gurunathan (born 19 October 1955), also known as G. Gnanasambandan, is an Indian professor, Tamil scholar, orator and an actor who appears in Tamil films. He frequently chairs Tamil debate shows (Pattimandrams). Dr G Gnanasambandan is originally from Sholavandan of Madurai district. He was a Professor of Tamil-language at Thiagarajar College, Madurai.
Salariinae
Salarinae is one of two subfamilies in the combtooth blenny family Blenniidae, it is the largest of the two subfamilies in the Blennidae with 43 genera. The species in this subfamily are mainly marine, with a few species which are found in freshwater or brackish water, and a few species are known to spend much time out of the water.

Saltwater fish
Saltwater fish, also called marine fish or sea fish, are fish that live in seawater. Saltwater fish can swim and live alone or in a large group called a school.

Saltwater fish are very commonly kept in aquariums for entertainment. Many saltwater fish are also caught to be eaten, or grown in aquaculture. However, many fish species have been overfished and are otherwise threatened by marine pollution or ecological changes.
Pristimantis actinolaimus
Pristimantis actinolaimus is a frog species in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and only known from the vicinity of its type locality, El Estadero, in Samaná, Caldas Department, on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central. The specific name actinolaimus is derived from the Greek aktinos (=ray) and laimos (=throat) and refers to the radiating lines on the throat of this frog.

Cordillera Central (Colombia)
The Cordillera Central (English: Central Ranges) is the highest of the three branches of the Colombian Andes. The range extends from south to north dividing from the Colombian Massif in Cauca Department to the Serranía de San Lucas in Bolívar Departments. The highest peak is Nevado del Huila at 5,364 m (17,598 ft).

Significant graphite resources exist in Cordillera Central in the form of graphite-bearing schists.
Novara Calcio Youth Sector
Novara Calcio Youth Sector (Italian: Settore Giovanile) comprised the under-19 team and the academy of Italian professional football club Novara Calcio. The club played in Group C of the Campionato Nazionale Primavera. They played in Group A of the league until the end of the 2015–16 season.

Campionato Nazionale Primavera
The Campionato Nazionale Primavera – Trofeo Giacinto Facchetti, was an Italian football youth competition. It is organised by the Lega Serie A and the participating teams that take part in Serie A and Serie B: the first edition was held in the 1962–63 season, in place of the "Campionato Cadetti". Due to ceremonial reasons, the league is officially called Campionato Primavera Tim – Trofeo Giacinto Facchetti.

Torino have the highest number of titles, having won the Campionato Primavera nine times.

From the 2017–18 season, the league was replaced with Campionato Primavera 1 and Campionato Primavera 2.
PS Whippingham
PS Whippingham was a passenger paddle steamer built for the Southern Railway in 1930 for the ferry route to the Isle of Wight. After distinguished war service, she returned to ferry work until she was scrapped in 1963.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
Rocky Boy Public Schools
Rocky Boy Public Schools is an elementary, junior high and high school with grades K through 12 on the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation located in Hill County, Montana, USA.

As of 2014 the student body is 99% Native American and 1% of other ethnicity.

Hill County, Montana
Hill County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,309. Its county seat is Havre. It lies along the United States border with Canada, abutting Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Part of its territory is within the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation, which is held by the federally recognized Chippewa-Cree Tribe.
William H. Johnson (Wisconsin politician)
William H. Johnson (c. 1806 - ?) was an American politician and farmer from Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin who spent a single one-year term as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Jefferson County during the 1849 session (the 2nd Wisconsin Legislature), succeeding fellow Democrat Ninian E. Whiteside.

Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin
Fort Atkinson is a city in Jefferson County, Wisconsin, United States. It lies along the Rock River a few miles upstream from Lake Koshkonong. The population was 12,579 at the 2020 census. Fort Atkinson is the largest city located entirely in Jefferson County, as Watertown is split between Jefferson and Dodge counties. Fort Atkinson is a principal city of the Watertown–Fort Atkinson micropolitan statistical area, which is, in turn, a sub-market of the larger Milwaukee–Waukesha–Racine combined statistical area.
Pilate Washing his Hands
Pilate Washing his Hands is an 1830 history painting by the British artist J.M.W. Turner. It depicts the biblical scene of the Roman official Pontius Pilate symbolically washing his hands during the trial of Jesus Christ.

Turner produced the work as a direct homage to paintings of the Dutch seventeenth century Old Masters Rembrandt. It was shown at the Royal Academy's 1830 Summer Exhibition at Somerset House to a hostile critical reception, with the Literary Gazette calling it "wretched and abortive". Part of the Turner Bequest of 1856 to the National Gallery it is today in the collection of the Tate Britain.

Old Master
In art history, "Old Master" (or "old master") refers to any painter of skill who worked in Europe before about 1800, or a painting by such an artist. An "old master print" is an original print (for example an engraving, woodcut, or etching) made by an artist in the same period. The term "old master drawing" is used in the same way.

In theory, "Old Master" applies only to artists who were fully trained, were Masters of their local artists' guild, and worked independently, but in practice, paintings produced by pupils or workshops are often included in the scope of the term. Therefore, beyond a certain level of competence, date rather than quality is the criterion for using the term.
Cheating in video games
Cheating in video games involves a video game player using various methods to create an advantage beyond normal gameplay, usually in order to make the game easier. Cheats may be activated from within the game itself (a cheat code implemented by the original game developers), or created by third-party software (a game trainer or debugger) or hardware (a cheat cartridge). They can also be realized by exploiting software bugs; this may or may not be considered cheating based on whether the bug is considered common knowledge.

Gameplay
Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game. The term applies to both video games and tabletop games. Gameplay is the connection between the player and the game, the player's overcoming of challenges, and the pattern of player behavior defined through the game's rules.
Paratenonitis
Paratenonitis occurs where a tendon rubs over a bony surface. It is presented with acute edema and hyperaemia of the paratenon with infiltration of inflammatory cells. After few hours or few days, tendon sheath is filled by fibrinous exudate and leads to crepitus. In chronic paratenonitis fibroblasts appear along with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Peritendinous tissues become macroscopically thickened and new connective tissue adhesions occur. In paratenonitis, inflammatory cells are found in the cellular elements of the paratenon and in the vascular ingrowth.

Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
John Edelman
John Rogers Edelman (born July 27, 1935) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher. Edelman signed with the Milwaukee Braves as a bonus baby free agent in 1955 and played with the team that year.

Edelman played at the collegiate level at West Chester University.  He stood 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) tall and weighed 185 pounds (84 kg).

West Chester University
West Chester University of Pennsylvania (WCUPA), commonly known as West Chester University (WCU), is a public research university in West Chester, Pennsylvania, United States. The university is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". With 17,275 undergraduate and graduate students as of 2022, WCU is the largest of the 10 state-owned universities belonging to the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE) and the sixth largest university in Pennsylvania. It also maintains a Center City Philadelphia satellite campus on Market Street.
Anastasius I Dicorus
Anastasius I Dicorus (Ancient Greek: Ἀναστάσιος, romanized: Anastásios; c. 431 – 9 July 518) was Eastern Roman emperor from 491 to 518. A career civil servant, he came to the throne at the age of 61 after being chosen by Ariadne, the wife of his predecessor, Zeno. His reign was characterized by reforms and improvements in the empire's government, finances, economy and bureaucracy. The resulting stable government, reinvigorated monetary economy and sizeable budget surplus allowed the empire to pursue more ambitious policies under his successors, most notably Justinian I. Since many of Anastasius' reforms proved long-lasting, his influence over the empire endured for centuries.

Anastasius was a Monophysite Christian and his personal religious tendencies caused tensions throughout his reign in the empire that was becoming increasingly divided along religious lines. He was the last non-Chalcedonian to rule the Byzantine Empire.

Non-Chalcedonian Christianity
Non-Chalcedonian Christianity comprises the branches of Christianity that do not accept and uphold theological resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon, the council following Ephesus, held in 451. Non-Chalcedonian denominations reject the Christological Definition of Chalcedon (which asserted a carefully balanced compromise between Miaphysitism and Dyophysitism), for varying reasons. Non-Chalcedonian Christianity thus stands in contrast to Chalcedonian Christianity.

Today, the Oriental Orthodox Churches predominantly comprise most of non-Chalcedonian Christianity.
Antony Sumich
Antony Sumich FSSP  (born 30 September 1964 in Auckland, New Zealand) is a former international rugby union and cricket player for Croatia, skiing instructor and rugby coach, and is now a Catholic priest of the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter.

Titirangi
Titirangi is a suburb of West Auckland in the Waitākere Ranges local board area of the city of Auckland in northern New Zealand. It is an affluent, residential suburb located 13 km (8.1 mi) to the southwest of the Auckland city centre, at the southern end of the Waitākere Ranges. In the Māori language "Titirangi" means "hill reaching up to the sky".
Architecture of Uttar Pradesh
The architecture of Uttar Pradesh demonstrates a diverse and eclectic combination of Buddhist, Hindu, Indo-Islamic, and Indo-European architectural styles. Three of its architectural monuments—the Taj Mahal, the Agra Fort, as well as the township of Fatehpur Sikri founded by the Mughal emperor Akbar—are designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The architectural structures in Uttar Pradesh include ancient Buddhist stūpas and vihāras, ancient Buddhist and Hindu monasteries, townships, forts, palaces, temples, mosques, mausoleums, memorials, and other community structures. Uttar Pradesh's architectural structures also include various Hindu temples, Ghats, etc. largely found in ancient cities like Benares (Varanasi), Brindaban (Vrindavan), Mathura, and Prayagraj (Allahabad).

Township
A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries.

Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canada, Scotland, and parts of the United States, the term refers to settlements too small or scattered to be considered urban.
Medway Valley Walk
The Medway Valley Walk follows the River Medway from Rochester to Tonbridge. Above Allington, it follows the bank of the Medway Navigation. It starts on the Saxon Shore Way at Rochester. The North Downs Way crosses the Medway Valley Walk at the eastern end of the Medway Viaduct or motorway bridge. The Greensand Way crosses the walk at Yalding. At West Peckham, it is joined by the Wealdway which continues through to Tonbridge, thus linking with the Eden Valley Walk.

Th entire walk is 44.8 km 
The Maidstone Millennium River Park is a 10 kilometre (6 mi) stretch from Teston Country Park to the Museum of Kent Life at Sandling. It follows the walk. The park was built between 1998 and 2001; it has transformed 18 acres (7.3 ha) of wasteland and led to the construction of three new footbridges over the river all accessible from the walk. A major part of the park is Whatman Park in the centre of Maidstone.

West Peckham
West Peckham is a village and civil parish in the borough of Tonbridge and Malling in Kent, England. The River Bourne flows through the extreme west of the parish, and formerly powered a paper mill (Hamptons Mill) and corn mill (Oxenhoath Mill). The Wateringbury Stream rises in the parish. Oxon Hoath is the former manor house of West Peckham.
Propositional variable
In mathematical logic, a propositional variable (also called a sentence letter, sentential variable, or sentential letter) is an input variable (that can either be true or false) of a truth function. Propositional variables are the basic building-blocks of propositional formulas, used in propositional logic and higher-order logics.

Higher-order logic
In mathematics and logic, a higher-order logic (abbreviated HOL) is a form of logic that is distinguished from first-order logic by additional quantifiers and, sometimes, stronger semantics. Higher-order logics with their standard semantics are more expressive, but their model-theoretic properties are less well-behaved than those of first-order logic.

The term "higher-order logic" is commonly used to mean higher-order simple predicate logic. Here "simple" indicates that the underlying type theory is the theory of simple types, also called the simple theory of types. Leon Chwistek and Frank P. Ramsey proposed this as a simplification of ramified theory of types specified in the Principia Mathematica by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell. Simple types is sometimes also meant to exclude polymorphic and dependent types.
Vinzenz Fux
Vinzenz Fux (Vincenzio Fuxio), (c.1606–1659) was an Austrian musician and composer.

Fux was born in Weißkirchen, Styria, and was employed as the organist of the church Maria am Gestade in Vienna before he joined the chapel of Eleonora Gonzaga, widow of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II. Fux mainly composed Masses and trio sonatas, which have survived in manuscripts. It is testimony of their high quality that they were even taken at times for works of the later imperial chapelmaster Johann Joseph Fux, who was however not related to Vinzenz Fux. The Kroměříž music archive is the major source of musical compositions by Vinzenz Fux.

Vinzenz Fux died in Vienna, in his early fifties.

Maria am Gestade
Maria am Gestade (Austrian German pronunciation: [maˈriːa am ɡɛˈʃtaːdɛ]; "Mary at the Riverbank") is a Gothic church in Vienna, Austria. One of the oldest churches in the city—along with St. Peter's Church and St. Rupert's Church—it is one of the few surviving examples of Gothic architecture in Vienna. Located in the Innere Stadt at Salvatorgasse 12, near the Donaukanal, the church was traditionally used by sailors on the Danube river. The name reflects the former location on the Fluvial terrace of an arm of the Danube river, prior to its regulation.Due to the stairs surrounding the church it got the popular name Maria Stiegen.
Kuzman Kolarić
Kuzman Kolarić was a Serbian painter who worked in the lands under the dominion of the Habsburg dynasty during the late baroque and early Rococo periods of the eighteenth century.

Kolarić is credited to have worked on many icons in churches and monasteries in Fruška Gora and the villages and towns of Berkasovo, Šid, Tekija, Petrovaradin.

Kuzman Kolarić's work is on the monasteries of Staro Hopovo, Novo Hopovo, Privina Glava, and Lepavina.

Novo Hopovo Monastery
The Novo Hopovo Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Ново Хопово, romanized: Manastir Novo Hopovo) is a Serb Orthodox monastery on the Fruška Gora mountain in northern Serbia, in the province of Vojvodina. According to tradition, the monastery was built by the Despots of the House of Branković. The first written mention of the monastery was made in 1451, and the latest mention of the monastery dates back to 1641. The extant church was erected in 1576 and the bell-tower with the small St. Stephen's Chapel upstairs was built between 1751 and 1758. The monastic residences were constructed in several stages, from 1728 until 1771. The icons were painted in 1776 by Teodor Kračun.

The Novo Hopovo Monastery was declared Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1990, and it is protected by the Republic of Serbia.
2024 in paleomammalogy
This article records new taxa of fossil mammals of every kind described during the year 2024, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of mammals that occurred in 2024.

Hammerschmiede clay pit
The Hammerschmiede clay pit (German: Tongrube Hammerschmiede) is a fossil bearing locality in Pforzen, Bavaria, Germany most well known for the discovery of Danuvius guggenmosi, the potentially earliest known bipedal ape. With an age of 11.66-11.42 Ma the site dates to the transition between the Middle and Late Miocene epoch, providing an important window into the faunal changes taking place during this time. This correlates to the time just after the Serravallian-Tortonian boundary, and the MN zones 7/8. It is one of the most well-known Miocene sites, with over 15,000 individual fossils and 117 species having been discovered as of 2020. It has been called "the most important German paleontological discovery of the last decades".
2024 Australian Darts Masters
The 2024 Australian Darts Masters was a professional darts tournament that was held at the WIN Entertainment Centre in Wollongong, Australia from 9–10 August 2024. It was the first staging of the tournament by the Professional Darts Corporation, and the sixth event in the 2024 World Series of Darts. The tournament featured 16 players (eight top-ranking PDC players and eight regional qualifiers).

Gerwyn Price won the tournament, defeating Luke Littler 8–1 in the final.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.