hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spatz (surname)
Spatz is a German surname literally meaning "sparrow". Notable people with the surname include:

Cathy Spatz Widom, American psychologist

Frances Spatz Leighton, American author, ghostwriter, and journalist

Gary Spatz (born 1951), American acting coach

Gregory Spatz (born 1964), American author and musician

Hugo Spatz (1888–1969), German neuropathologist

Jim Spatz, Canadian property developer

Susan Cernyak-Spatz, Austrian-born professor of German language and literature

Tammie Spatz, American swimmer

Willy Spatz, German painter and lithographer

Susan Cernyak-Spatz
Susan E. Cernyak-Spatz (July 27, 1922 – November 17, 2019) was an Austrian-born professor of German language and literature at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. She was a Holocaust survivor. Her memoir, Protective Custody: Prisoner 34042, was published in 2005.
Put On
"Put On" is a song by American rapper Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West, from Jeezy's third studio album The Recession. The song was released as the album's lead single on June 3, 2008. The song received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group, and was featured in the video games Midnight Club: Los Angeles and Skate 3.

Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group
The Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group was awarded between 1991 and 2011, alongside the Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance.  Previously a single award was presented for Best Rap Performance.

The award was discontinued in 2012. All solo and duo/group rap performances have since been shifted to the revived Best Rap Performance category.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for music released from October a year and a half prior to September the previous year.
Andries van Bolder
Andries van Bolder (1st-half of the 18th-century - 1 July 1763) was a Dutch cabinetmaker and chest maker from Arnhem. He is most notable for making organs and carving organ cases in the Dutch Republic that are still in use.

On 25 September 1741, he was admitted to the Arnhem guild of chest makers. In 1753-1754, Van Bolder made the organ for the Reformed Church in Oldebroek that was later moved to the Oude Kerk in Heemstede. The organ has been restored several times and is still in use.  On 18 February 1755 he signed the contract for this commission to craft the woodcarvings on the organ case of the Van Deventer organ in the Grote Kerk in Nijkerk. He finished this work in 1756.

Bolder was married twice. In 1749, he lost his first wife, Wilhelmina Arisse. On 1 June 1754, he married his second wife, Johanna Meuwze. Van Bolder died on 1 July 1763 and was buried on 2 July 1763.

Arnhem
Arnhem (Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] ⓘ or [ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm] ⓘ; German: Arnheim [ˈaʁnhaɪm] ⓘ; Ernems: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development.

Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Netherlands Open Air Museum, Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Royal Burgers' Zoo, NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal. The north corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park. It is approximately 55 square kilometres (21 sq mi) in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands.
Kuyular, Nusaybin
Kuyular (Kurdish: Cibilgrav) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nusaybin, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Omerkan tribe and had a population of 432 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
Diocese of Sigüenza-Guadalajara
The Diocese of Sigüenza-Guadalajara (Latin: Dioecesis Seguntinus-Guadalaiarensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the cities of Sigüenza and Guadalajara, Spain in the ecclesiastical province of Toledo in Spain. It is in the located in the secular Spanish province of Guadalajara in Castile, central Spain. It is bounded on the north by Soria, on the east by Zaragoza and Teruel, on the south by Cuenca and on the west by Guadalajara and Segovia.

Segovia
Segovia (/sɪˈɡoʊviə/ sig-OH-vee-ə, US also /seɪˈ-/ say-GOH-, Spanish: [seˈɣoβja] ⓘ) is a city in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the Province of Segovia. Segovia is located in the Inner Plateau of the Iberian Peninsula, near the northern slopes of the Sistema Central mountain range. Housing is nestled on a bend of the Eresma river.

The city is famous for its historic buildings including three main landmarks: its midtown Roman aqueduct, its cathedral (one of the last ones to be built in Europe following a Gothic style), and the Alcázar of Segovia (a fortress). The city center was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.
Maybe He'll Notice Her Now
"Maybe He'll Notice Her Now" is a song written by Tim Johnson and recorded by American country music artist Mindy McCready featuring Richie McDonald of the band Lonestar, both of whom were signed to BNA Records. It was released in October 1996 as the third single from McCready's double-platinum selling album Ten Thousand Angels.  The song reached number 18 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

BNA Records
BNA Records, formerly known as BNA Entertainment, was a label group that shared ties with Arista Nashville and RCA Nashville from parent company Sony Music Nashville, which itself is a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment. Based in Nashville, Tennessee, BNA featured country music acts on its roster. The company derived its name from the IATA and ICAO airport codes for Nashville International Airport.

The label was founded by Boomer Castleman, who sold it to BMG Music in 1993. The first act signed was B. B. Watson.

In August 2011, Sony Nashville announced a major corporate restructuring which included the merger of Columbia Nashville into BNA. The BNA name was retired in June 2012, with the last remaining artists moving to a newly re-established Columbia Nashville.
Borostomias
Borostomias is a genus of barbeled dragonfishes.

The name derives from Greek βόρος (bóros, "glutton") and στομίας (stomías, "hard-mouthed horse").

Indeterminate fossil remains of Borostomias are known from the Middle Miocene (Serravallian) of Italy, making this genus one of the very few barbeled dragonfishes known from fossil remains.

Charles Tate Regan
Charles Tate Regan (1 February 1878 – 12 January 1943) was a British ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century. He did extensive work on fish classification schemes.

Born in Sherborne, Dorset, he was educated at Derby School and Queens' College, Cambridge and in 1901 joined the staff of the Natural History Museum, where he became Keeper of Zoology, and later director of the entire museum, in which role he served from 1927 to 1938.

Regan was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1917.

Regan mentored a number of scientists, among them Ethelwynn Trewavas, who continued his work at the British Natural History Museum.
Eliza Cook (physician)
Dr. Eliza Cook (February 5, 1856 – October 2, 1947) was an American physician and female state-licensed medical doctor in the U.S. state of Nevada. She also worked as a pharmacist and wrote articles about health issues for magazines and medical journals.

Medical literature
Medical literature is the scientific literature of medicine: articles in journals and texts in books devoted to the field of medicine. Many references to the medical literature include the health care literature generally, including that of dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, nursing, and the allied health professions.

Contemporary and historic views regarding diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of medical conditions have been documented for thousands of years. The Edwin Smith papyrus is the first known medical treatise. Ancient medical literature often described inflictions related to warfare.
Stay with Me Till Morning
Stay with Me Till Morning is a 1970 novel by the British writer John Braine.

In 1981 it was adapted into a three-part television series by the same name. Produced by Yorkshire Television it starred Nanette Newman and Keith Barron.

Keith Barron
Keith Barron (8 August 1934 – 15 November 2017) was an English actor and television presenter who appeared in films and on television from 1961 until 2017. His television roles included the police drama The Odd Man, the sitcom Duty Free, and, playing Gregory Wilmot in period drama Upstairs, Downstairs.
Columbus (company)
Columbus Tubi is a manufacturer of steel tubing used in bicycle frames, located in Settala, in the Province of Milan. The company was founded in 1919 by A.L. Colombo and was taken over by Colombo's youngest son, Antonio, in 1977. It is now a division of Gruppo SPA, which also owns the bicycle manufacturer Cinelli.

Columbus tubing was the main competitor to TI Reynolds 531 in the bicycle tube set market with many of the big name Italian manufacturers of bicycles and framesets utilising their products. Famous name builders such as Bianchi, Centurion Bicycles (after 1981), De Rosa, Ciocc, Pinarello, and Colnago all specified the Columbus tubesets as part of their range.

Today the company produces a wide variety of butted tubes, and also produces pre-formed carbon fiber components.

Reynolds 531
Reynolds 531 (pronounced 'five-three-one') is a brand name, registered to Reynolds Technology of Birmingham in the United Kingdom, for a manganese–molybdenum, medium-carbon steel tubing that was used in many quality applications, including race car chassis, aircraft components and, most famously, bicycle frame tubing. It is one of a number of tubing types developed by Reynolds.

Reynolds 531 "was the standard of excellence for many decades" among bicycle frame-building materials. And because of the availability of a wide range of butting, diameters and thicknesses of tubes, along with different stays and fork blades, it became the tubing of choice for most frame builders.
S. Ramachandran (scientist)
S. Ramachandran (9 September 1934 – 2016) was an Indian scientist responsible for the setting of the Department of Biotechnology under the Government of India. He became the first secretary to the department in 1986. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2011, the third highest civilian award given by the Government of India, for his contributions to Indian science. The DBT has initiated an annual S. Ramachandran Lecture series in homage to its founder. He has mentored many eminent scientists in various premier Indian institutes including Indian Institute of Science, Madurai Kamaraj University,  Jawaharlal Nehru University,  University of Pune, University of Delhi, University of Hyderabad, Anna University, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Institute of Microbial Technology.

Savitribai Phule Pune University
Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), formerly the University of Pune, is a public state university located in the city of Pune, India. It was established in 1949, and is spread over a 411 acres (1.66 km2) campus in the neighbourhood of Ganeshkhind. The university houses 46 academic departments. It has about 307 recognised research institutes and 612 affiliated colleges offering graduate and under-graduate courses. Savitribai Phule Pune University Ranked 12th NIRF Ranking in 2022.
Dominique Quesnel
Dominique Quesnel (born March 8, 1964) is a Canadian actress and musician from Quebec. She is most noted for her performance in the 2012 film The Torrent (Le Torrent), for which she was a Jutra Award nominee for Best Actress at the 15th Jutra Awards in 2013.

A graduate of the National Theatre School of Canada, she began her career on stage in the premiere production of Michel Marc Bouchard's The Orphan Muses (Les muses orphelines). She has had regular roles in film, television and theatre over her career, including in the films 7 Days (Les 7 jours du talion), Widow of Saint-Pierre (La Veuve de Saint-Pierre), Ice Cream, Chocolate and Other Consolations (Crème glacée, chocolat et autres consolations) and Continental, a Film Without Guns (Continental, un film sans fusil).

She was also a founder of the percussion ensemble Les Secrétaires percutantes.

National Theatre School of Canada
The National Theatre School of Canada (NTS, French: École nationale de théâtre du Canada) is a private institution of professional theatre studies in Montreal, Quebec. Established in 1960, the NTS receives its principal funding from grants awarded by the Government of Canada and cultural ministries in each province, with added financial support from private and corporate donors. It offers training to actors, directors, playwrights, set and costume designers and production specialists to work in the professional theatre industry.
HMS Winchelsea (D46)
HMS Winchelsea (D46) was an Admiralty W-class destroyer of the Royal Navy, ordered 9 December 1916 from J. Samuel White at Cowes during the 1916–17 Build Programme.

Winchelsea was launched on 15 December 1917 and was the 7th Royal Navy ship to carry this name, introduced in 1694 and named after the 6th Earl of Winchilsea (1647–1730)

In March 1945 she was decommissioned and sold for scrap.

Cowes
Cowes (/kaʊz/) is an English seaport town and civil parish on the Isle of Wight. Cowes is located on the west bank of the estuary of the River Medina, facing the smaller town of East Cowes on the east bank. The two towns are linked by the Cowes Floating Bridge, a chain ferry.

Cowes has a population of 14,370 according to the 2021 Census.

Charles Godfrey Leland's 19th-century verses describe the towns poetically as "The two great Cowes that in loud thunder roar/This on the eastern, that the western shore".

Cowes has been seen as a home for international yacht racing since the founding of the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1815. It gives its name to the world's oldest regular regatta, Cowes Week, which occurs annually in the first week of August. Later, powerboat races are held.

Much of the town's architecture is still heavily influenced by the style of ornate building that Prince Albert popularised.
Rafael Moreno Rojas
Rafael Moreno Rojas (14 August 1936 – 30 June 2021) was a Chilean politician who served as a Senator and as Ambassador of Chile to the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010.

Agricultural engineer and politician of the Christian Democratic Party. He served as Senator for the 9th Constituency, O'Higgins Region, between 1998 and 2006, and for the Fifth Provincial Grouping of O'Higgins and Colchagua, O'Higgins Region, between 1972 and 1973.

Colchagua Province
Colchagua Province (Spanish: Provincia de Colchagua) is one of three provinces of the central Chilean region of O'Higgins (VI). Its capital is San Fernando. It is bordered on the north by Cachapoal Province, on the east by the Argentine Republic, on the south by Curicó Province, and on the west by Cardenal Caro Province.
Infiniti Etherea
The Infiniti Etherea is a concept car that was announced at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show made by the Infiniti division of Nissan Motors.

The Etherea is a front-wheel drive compact executive 5-door hatchback with 5 seats and not dissimilar in size and concept to the Lexus CT200h and is built on the same platform as the Nissan Qashqai and Renault Mégane.

The Etherea is powered by a supercharged 2.5-litre I4 petrol engine producing 241 bhp (180 kW; 244 PS) with a 33 bhp (25 kW; 33 PS) lithium-ion battery-powered electric motor to maintain momentum.  It is 4,400 mm (173.2 in) long and has a glass roof and rear suicide doors for easy access to the rear seats.

Compact executive car
A compact executive car, also known as a compact luxury car, is a premium car larger than a premium compact and smaller than an executive car. Compact executive car is a UK term and a part of the D-segment in the European car classification.

An executive car generally needs to be comfortable and well-equipped while also being cheap to run as a company car. They may have performance features and are often viewed as status symbols. A high percentage of the "executive cars" market share consists of corporate-owned cars, or vehicles provided by a firm for the business and sometimes private use by employees.
Free-by-cyclic group
In group theory, especially, in geometric group theory, the class of free-by-cyclic groups have been deeply studied as important examples. A group  is said to be free-by-cyclic if it has a free normal subgroup  such that the quotient group  is cyclic. In other words,  is free-by-cyclic if it can be expressed as a group extension of a free group by a cyclic group (NB there are two conventions for 'by'). Usually, we assume  is finitely generated and the quotient is an infinite cyclic group. Equivalently, we can define a free-by-cyclic group constructively: if  is an automorphism of , the semidirect product  is a free-by-cyclic group.

An isomorphism class of a free-by-cyclic group is determined by an outer automorphism. If two automorphisms  represent the same outer automorphism, that is,  for some inner automorphism , the free-by-cyclic groups  and  are isomorphic.

Normal subgroup
In abstract algebra, a normal subgroup (also known as an invariant subgroup or self-conjugate subgroup) is a subgroup that is invariant under conjugation by members of the group of which it is a part. In other words, a subgroup  of the group  is normal in  if and only if  for all  and  The usual notation for this relation is

Normal subgroups are important because they (and only they) can be used to construct quotient groups of the given group.  Furthermore, the normal subgroups of  are precisely the kernels of group homomorphisms with domain  which means that they can be used to internally classify those homomorphisms.

Évariste Galois was the first to realize the importance of the existence of normal subgroups.
John H. Hoffman
John Hoffman (September 7, 1929 – February 3, 2021) was a space scientist who developed instruments for Apollo 15, Apollo 16, Apollo 17, the Pioneer Venus project, and Giotto mission. He also designed the mass spectrometer for the Phoenix Mars Lander mission in May 2008. He was  a professor of physics at the University of Texas at Dallas.

Pioneer Venus project
The Pioneer Venus project was part of the Pioneer program consisting of two spacecraft, the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, launched to Venus in 1978. The program was managed by NASA's Ames Research Center.

The Pioneer Venus Orbiter entered orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978, and performed observations to characterize the atmosphere and surface of Venus. It continued to transmit data until October 1992.

The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe deployed four small probes into the Venusian atmosphere on December 9, 1978. All four probes transmitted data throughout their descent to the surface. One probe survived the landing and transmitted data from the surface for over an hour.
Pretty (Ugly Before)
"Pretty (Ugly Before)" is a song by American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith. It was released as a limited-edition 7" vinyl single in 2003 by record label Suicide Squeeze, Smith's final single released during his lifetime. It was later re-released by Domino in 2004, and appeared on Smith's posthumous final album, From a Basement on the Hill.

The song features (post-bridge) backing vocals from Smith's former Heatmiser bandmate Sam Coomes.

The single was also featured on a compilation release from Planned Parenthood that featured songs from musicians such as Björk, Bon Iver, Sleater-Kinney, Foo Fighters, The National’s Matt Berninger and Bryce Dessner. It was a live, unreleased version of "Pretty (Ugly Before)" that had been recorded at the Largo in Los Angeles.

Bridge (music)
In music, especially Western popular music, a bridge is a contrasting section that prepares for the return of the original material section. It adds a sense of progress within a piece of music and can be used to introduce a source of tension. In a piece in which the original material or melody is referred to as the "A" section, the bridge may be the third eight-bar phrase in a 32-bar form (the B in AABA), or may be used more loosely in verse-chorus form, or, in a compound AABA form, used as a contrast to a full AABA section.

The bridge is often used to contrast with and prepare for the return of the verse and the chorus. "The b section of the popular song chorus is often called the bridge or release ", or boredom-breaker,.
The Tron Church at Kelvingrove
The Tron Church at Kelvingrove is a 19th-century church located in the Kelvingrove neighbourhood in the West End of Glasgow, and formerly known as Henry Wood Hall when it was the home of the Royal Scottish National Orchestra from 1979–2012. Originally the home of a Congregational church, the building is now home to the congregation of The Tron Church, an evangelical presbyterian church meeting in three locations across Glasgow.

Kelvingrove, Glasgow
Kelvingrove is a neighbourhood in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated north of the River Clyde in the West End of the city, and directly borders Kelvingrove Park to the north and the grounds of the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum to the west. Its other boundaries are not precisely defined, but roughly correspond to Sauchiehall Street to the south opposite the Sandyford neighbourhood, and the Charing Cross area to the east.
Montana Snowbowl
Montana Snowbowl is an alpine ski area in the western United States, located on the Lolo National Forest of western Montana, twelve miles (20 km) northwest of Missoula. It is known for long expert runs such as West Bowl and its throwback operations; there is no significant base development; the access road is significantly improved as of 2011, but still unpaved. Its lift system includes four chairlifts; three vintage Riblet doubles, and one Skytrac triple chair; and two surface lifts, a vintage Doppelmayr T-Bar, and a beginner rope tow.

Montana Snowbowl is also known for its steep runs and a 2,600-foot (790 m) vertical rise. The Grizzly Chair ascends 2,000 feet (610 m) from the base area and the midmountain LaValle Creek Chair tops out at 7,600 feet (2,315 m), below Point Six summit. When the resort first opened in December 1962, it was promoted as having the most vertical in the Pacific Northwest.

Leitner-Poma
Leitner-Poma of America, known simply as Leitner-Poma, is a United States aerial lift manufacturer based in Grand Junction, Colorado. It is the American subsidiary of French-based Poma, which is owned by the Italian company HTI Group. The North American company was formed in 2000 when the Seeber Group, owner of Leitner, bought Poma and merged both companies' North American subsidiaries. Leitner-Poma of America operates a Canadian subsidiary based in Barrie, Ontario called Leitner-Poma Canada Inc.

Leitner-Poma's only major competitors are Doppelmayr USA, based in Salt Lake City, and Doppelmayr Canada. Leitner-Poma also supplies lifts to Australia and New Zealand.