hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liquid biopsy
A liquid biopsy, also known as fluid biopsy or fluid phase biopsy, is the sampling and analysis of non-solid biological tissue, primarily blood. Like traditional biopsy, this type of technique is mainly used as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for diseases such as cancer, with the added benefit of being largely non-invasive. Liquid biopsies may also be used to validate the efficiency of a cancer treatment drug by taking multiple samples in the span of a few weeks. The technology may also prove beneficial for patients after treatment to monitor relapse.

The clinical implementation of liquid biopsies is not yet widespread but is becoming standard of care in some areas.

Liquid biopsy refers to the molecular analysis in biological fluids of nucleic acids, subcellular structures, especially exosomes, and, in the context of cancer, circulating tumor cells.

Standard of care
In tort law, the standard of care is the only degree of prudence and caution required of an individual who is under a duty of care.

The requirements of the standard are closely dependent on circumstances. Whether the standard of care has been breached is determined by the trier of fact, and is usually phrased in terms of the reasonable person; this is sometimes labeled as the "reasonable physician standard". It was famously described in Vaughn v. Menlove (1837) as whether the individual "proceed[ed] with such reasonable caution as a prudent man would have exercised under such circumstances".
Río Grande, Zacatecas
Río Grande is a city in the Mexican state of Zacatecas. It serves as the municipal seat of the eponymous Río Grande Municipality. It is the fifth most populous city in the state, it is located in the north-central region of the state and has a population of 35,050 inhabitants, according to the 2020 Census. Río Grande is known as "El Granero de la Nación" for being one of the largest bean producers nationwide and also the largest trader of this legume in the country's predominant bean growing area.

Zacatecas
Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas, is one of the 31 states of Mexico. It is divided into 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas.

It is located in north-central Mexico and is bordered by the states of Durango to the northwest, Coahuila to the north, Nayarit to the west, San Luis Potosí and Nuevo León to the east, and Jalisco, Guanajuato and Aguascalientes to the south. The state is best known for its rich deposits of silver and other minerals, its colonial architecture and its importance during the Mexican Revolution. Its main economic activities are mining, agriculture and tourism.
Citizens Bank of Maryland
Citizens Bank of Maryland was a bank headquartered in Laurel, Maryland. In 1997, it was acquired by Crestar Bank, which was in turn acquired by SunTrust Banks (later Truist Financial) in 2000. At the time of its acquisition by Crestar, the bank had 103 branches, most of which were in the Washington metropolitan area. It was the largest bank in Prince George's County, Maryland.

Prince George's County, Maryland
Prince George's County (often shortened to PG County, PG, or PGC) is located in the U.S. state of Maryland bordering the eastern portion of Washington, D.C. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 967,201, making it the second-most populous county in Maryland, behind neighboring Montgomery County. The 2020 census counted an increase of nearly 104,000 in the previous ten years. Its county seat is Upper Marlboro. It is the most populous African American-majority county in the United States, as well as the second most affluent behind neighboring Charles County.

The county is part of the Capital region of the state, though portions of the county are considered to be in Southern Maryland. The county also hosts many federal governmental facilities, such as Joint Base Andrews and the United States Census Bureau headquarters.
Pepper (song)
"Pepper" is a song by American alternative rock band Butthole Surfers from their seventh studio album, Electriclarryland (1996). Released on April 11, 1996, the track reached number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart, becoming the top-ranked song of 1996 on the former listing. In Australia, the song peaked at number 15 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was ranked number four on Triple J's Hottest 100 of 1996. It also reached number two on the Canadian RPM Alternative 30 and number 32 in New Zealand.

Radio Songs (chart)
The Radio Songs chart (previously named Hot 100 Airplay until 2014 and Top 40 Radio Monitor until July 1993) is released weekly by Billboard magazine and measures the airplay of songs being played on radio stations throughout the United States across all musical genres. It is one of the three components, along with sales (both physical and the digital) and streaming activity, that determine the chart positions of songs on the Billboard Hot 100.
Amr Zaki
Amr Hassan Zaki (Arabic: عَمْرو حَسَن زَكِيّ; born 1 April 1983) is an Egyptian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

He has played for numerous different clubs in Egypt, Russia, England, Turkey and Kuwait. Zaki has made 63 appearances and scored 30 goals for the Egyptian national team. In his career, Zaki has been nicknamed "The Bulldozer" and has been likened to former England striker Alan Shearer.

However, his career has not been without controversy. He was labelled "highly unprofessional" by former Wigan manager Steve Bruce. Also, his decision not to join English club Portsmouth due to the nationality of some of the players garnered much criticism in the English press.

Mamdouh Abbas
Mamdouh Abbas (born 1946) is an Egyptian businessman. He was appointed the Zamalek chairman twice. His first appointment stretched from 2006 to 2008. He returned to the position for the second time when he was elected president of the club in May 2009. He resigned from Zamalek in early November over a contract dispute. He managed a wide range of business companies in which their capital ranged between 80 and US$200 million.

Currently he's the Chairman of Intro Group, the holding company for various companies working in such sectors as oil and gas, energy, real estate.
Madhya Kailash
Madhya Kailash (Tamil: மத்திய கைலாசம்), also known as  Nadukkayilai in Tamil, is a Hindu temple in South Chennai, located at the junction between Sardar Patel Road, Adyar and Rajiv Gandhi Salai. It is located opposite the Central Leather Research Institute and is close to the Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai.

Adyar, Chennai
Adyar is a large neighbourhood in south Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is among the most upscale neighborhoods of the city.

It is located on the southern banks of the Adyar River. It is surrounded by the Tharamani to the West, Thiruvanmiyur to the South, Besant Nagar to the East, Kotturpuram to the North-West and Raja Annamalai puram to the North across the Adyar River. Property values in Adyar are four times that of similar sized properties in the northern part of Chennai. The Gandhi Nagar region of Adyar is one of the poshest localities in Chennai.
Maria Cristina Facchini
Maria Cristina Facchini (born 1960) is an Italian geoscientist and a research director at the National Research Council. Her studies focus on the physics and chemistry of aerosols and clouds, and their effect on our atmosphere and climate. She has been awarded an order of merit by the Italian president, and co-authored a paper that won the 2014 Haagen-Smit Prize.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Boldre Foreshore
Boldre Foreshore is a  193.3-hectare (478-acre) Local Nature Reserve east of Lymington in Hampshire. It is owned by  New Forest District Council and managed by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust. It is part of Solent and Southampton Water Ramsar site and  Special Protection Area,  Solent Maritime Special Area of Conservation, Hurst Castle and Lymington River Estuary Site of Special Scientific Interest and Lymington and Keyhaven Marshes, a nature reserve managed by the  Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust.

This large site has a variety of habitats, including saltmarsh, shingle, grassland, fresh and brackish pools and mudflats. It has breeding populations of gulls, terns and waders, together with many wintering waders and wildfowl.

New Forest District
New Forest is a local government district in Hampshire, England. Its council is based in Lyndhurst, although the largest town is Totton. The district also includes the towns of Fordingbridge, Lymington, New Milton and Ringwood. The district is named after and covers most of the New Forest National Park, which occupies much of the central part of the district. The main urban areas are around the periphery of the forest. The district has a coastline onto the Solent to the south and Southampton Water to the east.

The neighbouring districts are Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole, Dorset, Wiltshire, Test Valley, Southampton and Eastleigh (across Southampton Water). The district also faces the Isle of Wight across the Solent.
Ward 22 Scarborough—Agincourt
Ward 22 Scarborough—Agincourt is a municipal ward in the Scarborough section of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It's represented on Toronto City Council by Nick Mantas.

The ward covers an area of the City of Toronto bounded by  Steeles Avenue East to the north, Highway 401 to the south, Victoria Park Avenue to the west, and Midland Avenue to the east. It contains the neighbourhoods of L'Amoreaux, Tam O'Shanter and part of Agincourt.

Victoria Park Avenue
Victoria Park Avenue is a major north-south route in eastern Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the western border of Scarborough, separating it from Old Toronto, East York, and North York. The common nickname for it is VP or Vic Park.
Ankle jerk reflex
The ankle jerk reflex, also known as the Achilles reflex, occurs when the Achilles tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed. 
It is a type of stretch reflex that tests the function of the gastrocnemius muscle and the nerve that supplies it.
A positive result would be the jerking of the foot towards its plantar surface. Being a deep tendon reflex, it is monosynaptic. It is also a stretch reflex. 
These are monosynaptic spinal segmental reflexes. When they are intact, integrity of the following is confirmed: cutaneous innervation, motor supply, and cortical input to the corresponding spinal segment.

Cutaneous innervation
Cutaneous innervation refers to an area of the skin which is supplied by a specific cutaneous nerve.

Dermatomes are similar; however, a dermatome only specifies the area served by a spinal nerve. In some cases, the dermatome is less specific (when a spinal nerve is the source for more than one cutaneous nerve), and in other cases it is more specific (when a cutaneous nerve is derived from multiple spinal nerves.)

Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves, but there are minor variations in some of the details. The borders designated by the diagrams in the 1918 edition of Gray's Anatomy are similar, but not identical, to those generally accepted today.
La Patinoire Municipale
La Patinoire Municipale (English: The Municipal Ice Rink) is an indoor ice venue located in Grenoble, France. Completed in 1963, it hosted some of the ice hockey competitions for the 1968 Winter Olympics. During those games, it seated 2700.

The venue also hosted the 1964 European Figure Skating Championships. In 2001, the building became a gymnasium called Halle Clemenceau.

1964 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1964 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Grenoble, France from January 14 to 18. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
2019–20 Slovenian Basketball League
The 2019–20 Slovenian Basketball League, also known as Liga Nova KBM due to sponsorship reasons was the 29th season of the Premier A Slovenian Basketball League. KK Koper Primorska are the defending champions.

On 12 March 2020, the Basketball Federation of Slovenia temporarily suspended its competitions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 20 March, the Basketball Federation canceled definitely its competitions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Koper Primorska was the defending champion and as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Basketball Federation decided not to recognize any team as the champion for the season.

KK Cedevita Olimpija
Košarkarski klub Cedevita Olimpija (English: Cedevita Olimpija Basketball Club), commonly referred to as KK Cedevita Olimpija or simply Olimpija, is a men's professional basketball club based in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The club competes in the ABA League and the Slovenian First League.

The club was established in 2019 after the merger of the most successful Slovenian club Olimpija and the Croatian club Cedevita. Cedevita Olimpija inherited 70 trophies of both predecessors and their competition licences for its inaugural season.
String Quartet No. 1 (Ives)
String Quartet No. 1 is a musical composition by Charles Ives. Music historian and theorist Robert P. Morgan wrote that the quartet "was Ives's first mature composition of extended length, and its extraordinary fluency gives ample evidence of his solid control of traditional musical techniques. Moreover, the work is considerably more than a facile exercise based on classical models; there are already indications of the Ives to come, in the extensive quotations and, above all, in the composer's ability to bend the form to suit the idiosyncrasies of his own musical inclinations."

Ternary form
Ternary form, sometimes called song form, is a three-part musical form consisting of an opening section (A), a following section (B) and then a repetition of the first section (A). It is usually schematized as A–B–A. Prominent examples include the da capo aria "The trumpet shall sound" from Handel's  Messiah, Chopin's Prelude in D♭ Major "Raindrop", (Op. 28) and the opening chorus of Bach's St John Passion.
Erika Olde
Erika Olde is an entrepreneur, film producer, financier and billionaire heiress. She is the founder and CEO of Black Bicycle Entertainment and the Erika Film Foundation. In 2021, Olde created Olde & New, a cooking and recipe website.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
Delfins
Delfins was a Portuguese pop-rock band, from Cascais. Its lead vocalist was Miguel Ângelo. Other members of the group were Rui Fadigas, Fernando Cunha, Silvestre Magalhães, Pedro Molkov and João Carlos Magalhães. The band was one of the major pop-rock music groups in Portugal in the 90s, and made various appearances in the Portuguese National Finals for the Eurovision Song Contest.

In 1998, the Delfins contributed "Canção De Engate (In Variações Memory Remix)" to the AIDS benefit compilation album Onda Sonora: Red Hot + Lisbon produced by the Red Hot Organization.

The Band sold more than half a million records, and in 2009 the group officially announced a permanent band retirement. They would revive the project in 2019 for concerts.

Red Hot Organization
Red Hot Organization (RHO) is a non-profit, 501(c) 3, international organization with goals to promote diversity through equal access to healthcare through pop culture.

Since its inception in 1989, over 400 artists, producers and directors have contributed to over 21 compilation albums, related television programs, and media events to raise donations totaling more than 10 million dollars for HIV / AIDS relief and awareness around the world.

The Red Hot Organization Collection was donated to Fales Library in New York City in 2006.
Perennibranchiate
Perennibranchiate, in zoology, is the condition of an organism retaining branchae, or gills, through life. This condition is generally said of certain amphibia, such as the mudpuppy. The term is opposed to caducibranchiate. In some cases only a small proportion of a given amphibian population is perennibranchiate, but in other instances a preponderance of the individuals have an adult gill retention. For example, in the case of the Rough-skinned Newt in the Cascade Mountains populations, approximately ninety percent of the adult population is perennibranchiate.

Necturus
Necturus is a genus of aquatic salamanders in the family Proteidae. Species of the genus are native to the eastern United States and Canada. They are commonly known as waterdogs and mudpuppies. The common mudpuppy (N. maculosus) is probably the best-known species – as an amphibian with gill slits, it is often dissected in comparative anatomy classes. The common mudpuppy has the largest distribution of any fully aquatic salamander in North America.
Bean and the Boys
"Bean and the Boys" is a bebop composition written in 1948 by the American jazz tenor saxophonist Coleman Hawkins. It is a contrafact of "Lover Come Back to Me".

The composition has been covered by numerous artists including notable recordings by Barry Harris, Bill Mays, Art Blakey, Jackie McLean, Bud Powell, and Tommy Flanagan.

Lover, Come Back to Me
"Lover, Come Back to Me" is a popular song composed by Sigmund Romberg with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II for the Broadway show The New Moon, where the song was introduced by Evelyn Herbert and Robert Halliday (as Robert Misson). The song was published in 1928.
Longshaw (surname)
Longshaw is a  surname of Old English origin. Variant recorded spellings are Langshaw and Lenshaw.

Notable people with the surname include:

Langshaw

John Langshaw (1725–1798), English organist

Stanley Langshaw (1901–1936), English rugby player

Longshaw

Ted Longshaw (1926–2011), British businessman

William Longshaw Jr. (1839–1865), American naval physician

Stanley Langshaw
Stanley Langshaw (1901–1936) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s. Born in Wigan, he played at representative level for England, and at club level for Rochdale Hornets, as a wing. It was reported in November 1936 that he had died, aged 35, in hospital after a long illness.
French Forces in Germany
French military forces were stationed in Germany after the surrender of Germany after the end of World War II; France was one of four Allied powers allocated an occupation zone. The French occupation zone (French: Troupes d'occupation en Allemagne [TOA], lit. 'occupation troops in Germany') existed from the end of the war until 10 August 1949. Subsequently, the French military stationed forces in West Germany (French: Forces Françaises en Allemagne [FFA]) with its headquarters in Baden-Baden during the Cold War.

Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden (German pronunciation: [ˈbaːdn̩ ˈbaːdn̩] ⓘ) is a spa town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with France, and forty kilometres (twenty-five miles) north-east of Strasbourg, France.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous spas and architecture that exemplifies the popularity of spa towns in Europe in the 18th through 20th centuries.
Japanese destroyer Fubuki
Two ships of the Japanese Navy have been named Fubuki:

Japanese destroyer Fubuki (1905), a Harusame-class destroyer launched in 1905 and broken up in 1924.

Japanese destroyer Fubuki (1927), a Fubuki-class destroyer launched in 1927 and sunk in 1942.

Harusame-class destroyer
The Harusame-class destroyers (春雨型駆逐艦, Harusamegata kuchikukan) was a class of seven torpedo boat destroyers (TBDs) of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The Harusame class of destroyers were the first destroyers to be built in Japan.
Women's Studies (journal)
Women's Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal of women's studies. The journal has been edited by Wendy Martin (Claremont Graduate University) since its establishement in 1972, and is published 8 times per year. It was originally published by Gordon and Breach Science Publishers until 1999, briefly by Harwood Academic (2000–2001), and from 2002 onwards by Taylor and Francis.

Claremont Graduate University
The Claremont Graduate University (CGU) is a private postgraduate research university in Claremont, California, United States. Founded in 1925, CGU is a member of the Claremont Colleges consortium which includes five undergraduate and two graduate institutions of higher education.

The university is organized into seven separate units: the School of Arts & Humanities; School of Community & Global Health; Drucker School of Management; School of Educational Studies; the School of Social Science, Policy, & Evaluation; the Center for Information Systems & Technology; and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."
Positivity (album)
Positivity is an album by the British band Incognito, released in 1993. The band supported the album with a North American tour.

The album peaked at No. 55 on the UK Albums Chart. The album peaked at No. 2 on the US Billboard Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart. It has sold more than 350,000 copies in the United States.

Incognito (band)
Incognito is a British acid jazz band based in London. Their debut album, Jazz Funk, was released in 1981.

Jean-Paul 'Bluey' Maunick is the band's frontman, singer, guitarist, composer, and record producer. The band has now included Linda Muriel, Jocelyn Brown, Maysa Leak, Tony Momrelle, Imaani Saleem, Vanessa Haynes, Mo Brandis, Natalie Williams, Carleen Anderson, Pamela "PY" Anderson, Kelli Sae, and Joy Malcolm.
Deep Dive (radio show)
Deep Dive is a Canadian radio program, which airs on CBC Radio One. Hosted by Rich Terfy, the program showcases famous record albums of various genres, which are played in their entirety with various anecdotes told between tracks.

The program premiered in July 2021 as a short-run summer series, to replace Vinyl Tap starring Randy Bachmann, and thereafter became part of the network's regular schedule.

Buck 65
Richard Terfry (born March 4, 1972), better known by his stage name Buck 65, is a Canadian alternative hip hop rapper. Underpinned by an extensive background in abstract hip hop, his more recent music has extensively incorporated blues, country, rock, folk and avant-garde influences.

Terfry is also a radio host, hosting the weekday Drive show on CBC Music since September 2, 2008. In addition, he once hosted a weekday program on CBC Radio 3's web radio station.
MAKRUM
Makrum is a firm in Bydgoszcz established in 1868, by Hermann Löhnert and manufacturing heavy industrial devices.

Since 2014, it is owned by the corporate group "Immobile S.A.". 
Currently, the "MAKRUM" brand operates under the name Projprzem Makrum S.A. Industrial Group (Polish: Grupa Przemysłowa Projprzem Makrum S.A). Its seat is located in Bydgoszcz, at 3 Kościelecki Square.

Paterek
Paterek [paˈtɛrɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nakło nad Notecią, within Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is located in the region of Pałuki.