hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
East London railway station
East London railway station is the central railway station in the city of East London in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is the terminus for Shosholoza Meyl inter-city trains to Johannesburg and Cape Town, and of a Metrorail commuter service to Mdantsane and Berlin.

East London station is located along Station Road on the edge of the city's central business district. It is laid out as a terminal station, with five tracks for passenger trains.

Mdantsane
Mdantsane is a South African urban township situated 15 km away from East London and 37 km away from Qonce in the Eastern Cape. It is the second largest township in Eastern Cape and 17th largest in the Top 20 largest townships in South Africa.

The name Mdantsane was derived from a stream that ran from the Nahoon River down to the Buffalo River. Some believe the stream was called Dontsane. Soon after the stream was named, a "white farm" which was at the entrance of Mdantsane (now known as Zone 1) was also named after the stream Dontsane or Umdanzani.

The township is part of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape. The Mdantsane township is the second largest township in the Eastern Cape, by population.
Trams in Kraków
The Kraków tram system is a tram system in Kraków, Poland. The tramway has been in operation since 1882, and is currently operated by Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne w Krakowie (MPK Kraków). There are 22 ordinary, 2 fast, and 3 night tram lines with a total line length of 347 kilometres (216 mi). As of 2013, the total route length of the tramway was 90 kilometres (56 mi), including a 1.4-kilometre (0.87 mi) tram tunnel with two underground stops.

Chopper (electronics)
In electronics, a chopper circuit is any of numerous types of electronic switching devices and circuits used in power control and signal applications. A chopper is a  device that converts fixed DC input to a variable DC output voltage directly. Essentially, a chopper is an electronic switch that is used to interrupt one signal under the control of another.

In power electronics applications, since the switching element is either fully on or fully off, its losses are low and the circuit can provide high efficiency. However, the current supplied to the load is discontinuous and may require smoothing or a high switching frequency to avoid undesirable effects.  In signal processing circuits, use of a chopper stabilizes a system against drift of electronic components; the original signal can be recovered after amplification or other processing by a synchronous demodulator that essentially un-does the "chopping" process.
Filter (software)
A filter is a computer program or subroutine to process a stream, producing another stream. While a single filter can be used individually, they are frequently strung together to form a pipeline.

Some operating systems such as Unix are rich with filter programs. Windows 7 and later are also rich with filters, as they include Windows PowerShell. In comparison, however, few filters are built into cmd.exe (the original command-line interface of Windows), most of which have significant enhancements relative to the similar filter commands that were available in MS-DOS. OS X includes filters from its underlying Unix base but also has Automator, which allows filters (known as "Actions") to be strung together to form a pipeline.

Automator (macOS)
Automator is an application developed by Apple for macOS, which can be used to automate repetitive tasks through point-and-click or drag and drop.

Automator enables the repetition of tasks across a wide variety of programs, including Finder, Safari, Calendar, Contacts and others. It can also work with third-party applications including Microsoft Office and Adobe Photoshop. Automator was first released with Mac OS X Tiger (10.4).
FS Class 650
The Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS; Italian State Railways) Class 650 (Italian: Gruppo 650), formerly SFAI 1181-1200 and Rete Mediterranea 300 Class, also known as "Vittorio Emanuele II", was the first steam locomotive in continental Europe to have the 4-6-0 'Ten-Wheeler' arrangement.

Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane
Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [ferroˈviːe dello ˈstaːto itaˈljaːne]; lit. 'Italian State Railways JSC'; previously only Ferrovie dello Stato, hence the initialism FS) is Italy's national state-owned railway holding company that manages transport, infrastructure, real estate services and other services in Italy and other European countries.
Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (abbreviated as the CARDIA study) is an ongoing, observational, longitudinal cohort study in the United States, examining the development of, and risk factors for, cardiovascular disease. The CARDIA study is funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, a division of the National Institutes of Health.

Risk factor
In epidemiology, a risk factor or determinant is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection.: 38

Due to a lack of harmonization across disciplines, determinant, in its more widely accepted scientific meaning, is often used as a synonym. The main difference lies in the realm of practice: medicine (clinical practice) versus public health. As an example from clinical practice, low ingestion of dietary sources of vitamin C is a known risk factor for developing scurvy. Specific to public health policy, a determinant is a health risk that is general, abstract, related to inequalities, and difficult for an individual to control. For example, poverty is known to be a determinant of an individual's standard of health.

Risk factors may be used to identify high-risk people.
Werner Camichel
Werner Camichel (26 January 1945 – 27 March 2006 in Samaden) is a Swiss bobsledder who competed in the 1970s. He won the gold medal in the four-man event at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo.

Camichel also won two gold medals in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships, winning them in 1973 and 1975.

Camichel carried the Swiss flag during the opening ceremonies of the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck. He later managed the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track in St. Moritz.

Camichel died from cancer in 2006.

His sons Corsin Camichel and Duri Camichel were ice hockey players.

Samedan
Samedan (Romansh pronunciation: [sɐˈmeːdən], locally [saˈmedən]ⓘ) is a town and municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons.  It is served by Samedan railway station on the Albula line on the Rhaetian Railway network and by the Samedan Airport.
Waltman
Waltman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Waltman (1933–2010), American politician and businessman

Danny Waltman (born 1981), American soccer player

Kjell Waltman (1758–1799), Swedish actor

Mary Waltman, American actress

Michael Waltman (1946–2011), American actor

Retief Waltman (born 1938/39), South African golfer and Christian missionary

Royce Waltman (1942–2014), American college basketball coach

Sean Waltman (born 1972), American podcaster and wrestler

Bob Waltman
Bob Joe "Bobby Joe" Waltman (August 12, 1933 – March 16, 2010) was an American politician and businessman.

Born in Ceylon, Minnesota, Waltman graduated from Ceylon High School in 1951. He then served in the United States Air Force from 1951 to 1956. He then worked as an airplane mechanic in Phoenix, Arizona and St. Louis, Missouri. In 1961, Waltman moved with his wife and family to Rochester, Minnesota; he worked at Gopher Aviation. In 1963, Waltman, his wife, and family moved to Elgin, Minnesota where they owned a grocery store. From 1983 to 1994, Waltman served in the Minnesota House of Representatives and was a Republican. Waltman died at his home in Grand Meadow, Minnesota.
Messerschmitt P.1112
The Messerschmitt P.1112 was a proposed German jet fighter, developed by Messerschmitt AG during the closing stages of World War II, and intended for use by the Luftwaffe. The progress of the war prevented the completion of a prototype before the fall of Nazi Germany. Its design, however, had a direct influence on postwar US Navy carrier fighters.

Messerschmitt
Messerschmitt AG (German pronunciation: [ˈmɛsɐʃmɪt]) was a German share-ownership limited, aircraft manufacturing corporation named after its chief designer Willy Messerschmitt from mid-July 1938 onwards, and known primarily for its World War II fighter aircraft, in particular the Bf 109 and Me 262. The company survived in the post-war era, undergoing a number of mergers and changing its name from Messerschmitt to Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm before being bought by Deutsche Aerospace (DASA, now part of Airbus) in 1989.
Durocher
Durocher  is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brian Durocher, American ice hockey player and coach

Eulalie Durocher (1811–1849), Canadian nun and candidate for sainthood

Jean-Baptiste Durocher (1754–1811), Canadian businessman and politician

Joseph Marie Elisabeth Durocher (1817–1860), French geologist

Leo Durocher (1905–1991), American baseball player and manager

Marie Durocher (1809–1893), Brazilian doctor

Olivier Durocher (Ontario politician) (1844–1931), Canadian politician from Ontario

Olivier Durocher (Quebec politician) (1743–1821), Canadian politician from Quebec

Brian Durocher
Brian Durocher (born October 18, 1956) is an American retired ice hockey player and coach who is currently working as a special assistant at Boston University. He won a national championship with Boston University as a player before embarking on a long coaching career.
Heracles Chariot Racing
Heracles Chariot Racing is a racing game by Neko Entertainment originally released for PlayStation 2 in 2007. It was later released as a WiiWare game in North America and PAL regions in July 2009. PSP version was released through the PlayStation Network store as a downloadable title in December the same year.

PlayStation Network
PlayStation Network (PSN) is a digital media entertainment service provided by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Launched in November 2006, PSN was originally conceived for the PlayStation video game consoles, but soon extended to encompass smartphones, tablets, Blu-ray players and high-definition televisions. It succeeded Sony Entertainment Network in 2015 and this service is the account for PlayStation consoles, accounts can store games and other content.

PlayStation Network's services are dedicated to an online marketplace (PlayStation Store), a premium subscription service for enhanced gaming and social features (PlayStation Plus), music streaming (PlayStation Music, based on Spotify), and formerly a cloud gaming service (PlayStation Now; folded into PlayStation Plus Premium in June 2022). The service is available in 73 territories.
The Notorious Lady
The Notorious Lady is a 1927 American silent drama film produced by Sam E. Rork and distributed by First National Pictures. It was directed by veteran director King Baggot and starred Barbara Bedford and Lewis Stone.

The film was based on the 1925 play The River by British writer Patrick Hastings. Producer Rork's daughter, Ann Rork, has a leading role in the film.

First National Pictures
First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the country's largest theater chain. Expanding from exhibiting movies to distributing them, the company reincorporated in 1919 as Associated First National Theatres, Inc., and Associated First National Pictures, Inc. In 1924 it expanded to become a motion picture production company as First National Pictures, Inc., and became an important studio in the film industry. In September 1928, control of First National passed to Warner Bros., into which it was completely absorbed on November 4, 1929. A number of Warner Bros. films were thereafter branded First National Pictures until July 1936, when First National Pictures, Inc., was dissolved.
2023 Democratic Party leadership election
The 2023 Democratic Party leadership election was a primary election that was held in Italy in February 2023 to elect the National Assembly and secretary of the Italian Democratic Party (PD). It consisted of a closed primary election among party members held from 9 to 19 February, and an open primary election held on 26 February.

Four candidates ran in the closed primary election held in circle conventions: Stefano Bonaccini, Gianni Cuperlo, Paola De Micheli, and Elly Schlein. Bonaccini and Schlein advanced to the open primary election, where Schlein won with over 53% of the vote, becoming the first woman and the youngest person to ever serve as leader of the PD, as well as the first openly LGBT leader of a major Italian political party. The results of the election defied the predictions of nearly all polling firms, which had anticipated a Bonaccini victory. It was the PD's first party leadership election in which the winner of the members' vote lost in the open primary.

Gianni Cuperlo
Giovanni "Gianni" Cuperlo (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒanni ˈkuːperlo]; born 3 September 1961) is an Italian politician, a member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies and former President of the Democratic Party.
British Phycological Society
The British Phycological Society, founded in 1952, is a learned society based in the United Kingdom promoting the study of algae. Members interests include all aspects of the study of algae, including both natural biodiversity and applied uses. It is the largest learned phycological society in Europe. Its membership is worldwide, although predominantly within the UK.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Shi Shanshan
Shi Shanshan (born 13 December 1988) is a Chinese Paralympic powerlifter. She represented China at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and she won the bronze medal in the women's 48 kg event in 2012.

At the 2010 Asian Para Games held in Guangzhou, China, she won the gold medal in the women's 48 kg event. At the 2014 IPC Powerlifting World Championships she won the silver medal in the women's 55 kg event.

At the 2018 Asia-Oceania Open Powerlifting Championships, she won the silver medal in the women's 55 kg event.

2014 IPC Powerlifting World Championships
The 2014 IPC Powerlifting World Championships was a competition for male and female athletes with a disability. With 360 competitors from over 60 countries, the event surpassed the number of entrants of the 2012 Summer Paralympics of London. It was held in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates and ran from 5 to 11 April. The event was held in the Dubai Club for the Disabled.

The 2014 edition became the final event branded as the "IPC Powerlifting World Championships". On 30 November 2016, the International Paralympic Committee, which serves as the international federation for 10 disability sports, including powerlifting, adopted the "World Para" brand for all 10 sports. The world championship events in all of these sports were immediately rebranded as "World Para" championships. Accordingly, future IPC powerlifting championships will be known as "World Para Powerlifting Championships".
Samuel Gitterman
Samuel A. Gitterman (1911–1998) was a Canadian architect and urban planner, who served as the first Chief Architect and Planner of the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Over his career, Gitterman was responsible for designing low-income public housing, private single-family detached homes, and major suburban subdivisions across Canada. Gitterman also played a central role in early Canadian housing research and the development of urban planning as a stand-alone academic discipline.

Single-family detached home
A single-family detached home – also called a single-detached dwelling, single-family residence (SFR), separate house, or other similar terms – is a free-standing residential building. It is defined in opposition to a multi-family residential dwelling.
2017–18 Richmond Spiders men's basketball team
The 2017–18 Richmond Spiders men's basketball team represented the University of Richmond during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were led by 13th-year head coach Chris Mooney and played their home games at the Robins Center Richmond as members of the Atlantic 10 Conference. They finished the season 12–20, 9–9 in A-10 play to finish in a four-way tie for fifth place. As the No. 7 seed in the A-10 tournament, they defeated Duquesne in the second round before losing to St. Bonaventure in the quarterfinals.

2018 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament
The 2018 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Atlantic 10 Conference's 2017–18 season. It was held March 7 through March 11, 2018 at Capital One Arena in Washington, D.C. Davidson won the tournament by defeating Rhode Island in the championship game. As a result, Davidson received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.
QZ Serpentis
QZ Serpentis (abbreviated QZ Ser) is a binary star system consisting of a orange dwarf and a white dwarf, located approximately 1050 light-years away from us in the constellation Serpens. It is considered a dwarf nova because the white dwarf draws the outer layers of hydrogen from the star. The two stars orbit each other once every 119.752 minutes or 2 hours, and they may also be accompanied by a third substellar companion, whose mass is only about half that of Jupiter. QZ Ser was discovered by Katsumi Haseda in 1998.

K-type main-sequence star
A K-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type K. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars are intermediate in size between red dwarfs and yellow dwarfs, hence the term orange dwarfs often applied to this type.
Scott Ross (private investigator)
Scott Ross is a high-profile American private investigator who has worked on many notable cases such as Robert Blake, Michael Jackson, Chris Brown, Sylvester Stallone, Danny Masterson and Bill Cosby.

In 2018, he launched a radio show, All Things P.I..

Danny Masterson
Daniel Peter Masterson (born March 13, 1976)  is an American actor. He portrayed Steven Hyde in That '70s Show (1998–2006), Milo Foster in Men at Work (2012–2014), and Jameson "Rooster" Bennett in The Ranch (2016–2018).

In 2023, Masterson was convicted of raping two women in 2003, and is currently serving a 30 years to life prison sentence. A third count of rape resulted in a hung jury. Masterson is a Scientologist, as were his victims at the time of the assaults. The Church of Scientology's attempts to silence the victims, and other interference, delayed bringing the crimes to justice for 20 years.
Polio v/s Polio victims
Polio v/s Polio Victims is the National Award Winning Documentary film. The documentary won "Best Motivational/ Educational Film" at the 56th National Film Awards. The documentary follows a group of polio victims who took to the streets in 2008 to spread the message of the Pulse Polio Campaign. The film follows them as they go door to door, in various slums in Mumbai, to spread awareness about the upcoming "Pulse Polio Day".
The film is written by Samrat Rane and directed by Aman Sachdeva.

National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for excellence within the Indian film industry. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals from 1973 until 2020, and by the NFDC since 2021.

Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by the inauguration of the National Film Festival, where award-winning films are screened for the public. Declared for films produced in the previous year across the country, they hold the distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema overall, as well as presenting awards for the best films in each region and language of the country.
Ride a Wild Pony
Ride a Wild Pony is a 1975 American-Australian family adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions, directed by Don Chaffey and based on the novel A Sporting Proposition (1973) by James Aldridge.

Children's film
A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that generally relates to children in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.
Broad Band
Broad Band: The Untold Story of the Women Who Made the Internet is a nonfiction book by American writer Claire L. Evans published in 2018 by Penguin Putnam Inc. The magazine Inc. named it one of the ten top business books of 2018.

Inc. (magazine)
Inc. is an American business media company founded in 1979 and based in New York City. Inc. publishes several print magazine issues per year, and is anchored by journalistic content online and on social media, focused on entrepreneurship and related news. Inc. also produces several live and virtual events yearly, including the Inc. 5000 conference.

Owned by Mansueto Ventures, Inc. is best known for its annual rankings of the fastest-growing privately held companies in the United States, called the "Inc. 5000" as well as its Best in Business, Female Founders, and Best Workplaces awards.
John Broxholme
John Broxholme (died 1647) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  from 1640 to 1647.

Broxholme was of Broxholme Place, Lincoln. In November 1640, he was elected Member of Parliament for Lincoln in the Long Parliament and sat until his death in 1647.

Broxholme married Troth Fowkes, widow of Sir Henry Fowkes of Bulwick, and daughter of Richard Gedney of Bag Enderby, Lincolnshire. His son William was later MP for Grimsby.

Great Grimsby (UK Parliament constituency)
Great Grimsby was a constituency in North East Lincolnshire represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom since December 2019 by Lia Nici of the Conservative Party. Between 1918 and 1983 it was known simply as Grimsby; following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was subject to boundary changes, incorporating the neighbouring town of Cleethorpes. As a consequence, it was renamed Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes, first contested at the 2024 general election.