hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hubbard, Missouri
Hubbard is an unincorporated community in northwest Randolph County, Missouri.

The community is on a county road about one-quarter mile east of the Randolph-Chariton county line and two miles south of the Macon county line. The Thomas Hill Reservoir is two miles east.

Chariton County, Missouri
Chariton County is a county located in the north-central portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,408. Its county seat is Keytesville. The county was organized November 16, 1820, from part of Howard County and is named for the Chariton River.
Plerapsalta
Plerapsalta is a genus of cicadas, also known as ambertails, in the family Cicadidae, subfamily Cicadettinae and tribe Cicadettini. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2012 by Australian entomologist Maxwell Sydney Moulds.

Cicadidae
Cicadidae, the true cicadas, is one of two families of cicadas, with about 3,400 species in over 520 genera worldwide; it contains most living cicada species, except for the two belonging to its sister taxon, the Tettigarctidae.  The classification of this family, of often very similar insects, has undergone many revisions, continuing into the 21st century; for example, many species previously assigned to the type genus Cicada, are now placed in different tribes.
Cuxton 1991 F.C.
Cuxton 1991 Football Club, also known simply as Cuxton 91, is an English football club based in the village of Cuxton in the unitary authority of Medway, Kent in South East England and currently play in the Kent County League Premier Division. The club is affiliated to the Kent County Football Association.

Unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local authority in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unitary authorities are responsible for all local government functions within their areas, or perform additional functions that elsewhere are usually performed by multiple tiers of local government.

Typically, unitary authorities cover towns or cities that are large enough to function independently of a council or other authority. An authority can be a unit of a county or combined authority.
Beinn Challuim
Beinn Challuim (English: Ben Challum) is a mountain in the Breadalbane region of the Scottish Highlands. It is east of the village of Tyndrum, in the Forest of Mamlorn, an ancient deer forest at the northern edge of Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park. It is a Munro with a height of 1,025 metres (3,363 ft).

Tyndrum
Tyndrum (/taɪnˈdrʌm/ ⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Taigh an Droma) is a small village in Scotland. Its Gaelic name translates as "the house on the ridge". It lies in Strath Fillan, at the southern edge of Rannoch Moor.
Parmelee (surname)
Parmelee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annette W. Parmelee (1865--1924), American suffragist and temperance activist

Arthur H. Parmelee (1883–1961), U.S. physician and football coach

Ashbel P. Fitch (P. for Parmelee; 1848–1904), U.S. Representative from the state of New York

Charles Henry Parmelee (1855–1914), Canadian publisher and politician

Chris Parmelee (born 1988), U.S. baseball player

Edward Parmelee Smith (1827–1876), U.S. religious leader, educator, co-founder of Fisk University

Henry S. Parmelee (c.1846–1902), U.S. inventor, piano manufacturer, and streetcar/tram company president

Horace Parmelee (1889–1957), U.S. talent manager and concert promoter

Irene E. Parmelee (1847–1934), U.S. portrait artist

James Parmelee (fl. 1886), U.S. financier

Martha Parmelee Rose (1834-1923), U.S. journalist, reformer and philanthropist

Philip Orin Parmelee (1887–1912), U.S. aviation pioneer

Roy Parmelee (1907–1981), U.S. baseball player

James Parmelee
James Parmelee (1855-1931) was a Cleveland financier.

In 1886, he co-founded the National Carbon Company as part of a group that included Webb C. Hayes, the son of U.S. president Rutherford B. Hayes. The company figured prominently in the history of the battery.

Parmelee was also the fourth president of the Cleveland General Electric Company.

He and his wife Alice Maury Parmelee were benefactors of the Washington National Cathedral and Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., as well as Ohio charities. He was one of the founders of a predecessor institution of Case Western Reserve University. Their Cleveland house, on what was then called Millionaires Row (Euclid Avenue), no longer exists. Their Washington, D.C., home, which they called "the Causeway", was renamed "Tregaron" by a successor owner, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and after some controversy remains fairly intact.
Matground
Matgrounds are strong surface layers of seabed-hardening bacterial fauna preserved in the Proterozoic and lower Cambrian. Wrinkled matgrounds are informally named "elephant skin" because of its wrinkled surface in the fossil record. Matgrounds supported themselves until early burrowing worms were ubiquitous enough to unharden them. Burrowing animals broke down the hardy mats to further penetrate the underlying sediment for protection and feeding. Once matgrounds disappeared, exceptional preservation of lagerstätten such as the Burgess Shale or Ediacara Hills also did so too. Trace fossils such as Treptichnus are evidence for soft-bodied burrowers more anatomically complex than the Ediacaran biota that also caused the matgrounds disappearance.

Treptichnus
Treptichnus is a genus of trace fossils (with modern analogues) representing a three-dimensional burrow. These fossil traces are known from marine, brackish, and freshwater deposits from the Ediacaran (550 million years ago) to the Upper Oligocene (24 mya).

Treptichnus represents the oldest known example of a complex, three-dimensional burrow. One of its ichnospecies, Treptichnus pedum, is of major paleontological importance as it defines the global boundary between the Ediacaran and Cambrian periods (539 mya).
Royal Town Planning Institute
The Royal Town Planning Institute (RTPI) is the professional body representing planners in the United Kingdom and Ireland.  It promotes and develops policy affecting planning and the built environment.  Founded in 1914, the institute was granted a royal charter in 1959. In 2025, it reported that it had over 27,000 members.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
David Abrahamsen
David Abrahamsen (June 23, 1903 – May 20, 2002) was a Norwegian forensic psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, and author who wrote analyses of Richard M. Nixon and David Berkowitz.

He was the father of Inger McCabe Elliott.

Forensic psychiatry
Forensic psychiatry is a subspecialty of psychiatry and is related to criminology. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry. According to the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, it is defined as "a subspecialty of psychiatry in which scientific and clinical expertise is applied in legal contexts involving civil, criminal, correctional, regulatory, or legislative matters, and in specialized clinical consultations in areas such as risk assessment or employment". A forensic psychiatrist provides services—such as assessing competency to stand trial—to a court to help with the legal process and provides treatment, including medications and psychotherapy, to offenders.
Stories from My Gay Grandparents
Stories from My Gay Grandparents is a Canadian comedy web series, which premiered in 2024 on KindaTV. The series stars Scott Farley and Perrie Voss as Mason and Rebecca Michelle Butters, queer siblings whose grandparents Russell (James Kall) and Barbara (Jane Moffatt) both come out as gay or lesbian themselves following a near-death experience, forcing Mason and Rebecca to introduce their grandparents to LGBTQ culture and community.

The cast also includes Alexander Nunez, Tricia Black, Brandon Ash-Mohammed, Jo Vannicola, Kirsten Rasmussen, Geoffrey Pounsett, Jonathan Tan, Antoine Yared, Paloma Nuñez, Colm Sawyer, Diana Leblanc, Aisha Evelyna, Liam Kinahan, Harrison Browne, David Ikeda, Talia Rockland, Nico Lidster and Alison Deon in supporting roles.

It was created by Farley and Voss, and directed by J Stevens.

In advance of its streaming premiere, the series was screened at the 2024 Inside Out Film and Video Festival.

Jo Vannicola
Jo Vannicola (born 20 April 1968), formerly known as Joanne Vannicola, is a Canadian actor. They are most noted for their roles as Dr. Naadiah in Being Erica, Dr. Mia Stone in PSI Factor, Jerri in Love and Human Remains, Sam in Stonewall, Renee in Slasher: Guilty Party, Amber Ciotti in Slasher: Solstice and Slasher: Flesh and Blood, as well as voice roles in Crash Canyon and My Dad the Rock Star.
George Romeo Silvestri
George Romeo Silvestri Ferez (born 23 April 1950 in La Ceiba) is a Honduran politician who currently serves as deputy of the National Congress of Honduras representing the National Party of Honduras for Islas de la Bahía.

National Party of Honduras
The National Party of Honduras (PNH; Spanish: Partido Nacional de Honduras) is a conservative  political party in Honduras founded on 27 February 1902, by Manuel Bonilla Chirinos. Historically it has been one of the two most influential parties in the country. The party's platform is based on Christian humanist doctrine, and its five main principles are common wealth, dignity of the human person, equality, solidarity and subsidiarity.

Since the foundation of the National Party, Honduras has had 14 PNH presidents. Manuel Bonilla was the first (1903–1907), and the most recent is the president, Nasry Asfura, who has served since January 2026. The party was the ruling directive of the National Congress from 2009 to 2022 and currently holds mayoralties of most of the country's municipalities.
Roots to Grow
Roots to Grow is the second studio album by Swiss recording artist Stefanie Heinzmann. It was released by Universal Music Domestic on September 11, 2009, in German-speaking Europe. The follow-up to her 2008 debut album  Masterplan, the singer reteamed with producers Paul NZA and Marek Pompetzki to work on the bulk of the album. Pushing her music further into soul and funk genre, Roots to Grow features guest vocalists such as Gentleman, Ronan Keating, and the American R&B group Tower of Power.

Critics praised the album for its laid-back yet soulful blend of styles, while also highlighting Heinzmann's artistic authenticity, genre versatility, and her clear move away from formulaic mainstream pop. Commercially, Roots to Grow was less successful than its predecessor but reached number four on the Swiss Albums Chart and made it to the top twenty in Germany. Leading single "No One (Can Ever Change My Mind)" peaked at number twenty-seven on the Swiss Singles Chart.

Tower of Power
Tower of Power is an American R&B and funk band and horn section, originating in Oakland, California, that has been performing since 1968. The band has had a number of lead vocalists, the best-known being Lenny Williams, who fronted the band between early 1973 and late 1974, the period of their greatest commercial success. They have had eight songs on the Billboard Hot 100; their highest-charting songs include "You're Still a Young Man", "So Very Hard to Go", "What Is Hip?", and "Don't Change Horses (in the Middle of a Stream)".
Battle of Crotoy (1347)
The Battle of Crotoy was a naval battle which occurred on 25 June 1347 at the mouth of the Somme off the Le Crotoy, when a French fleet of 40 ships gathered in attempted to relieve Calais, where an English army under the command of King Edward III of England was besieging the French town during the Edwardian phase of the Hundred Years' War.

An English fleet commanded by William de Bohun, Earl of Northampton and Laurence Hastings, Earl of Pembroke defeated the French fleet.

With the relief attempt foiled, Calais capitulated in early August 1347, giving England a durable continental bridgehead and a forward base that shaped Channel warfare for generations. The episode is consistently placed by historians as one of the closing moves that made the surrender inevitable.

Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke
Laurence de Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke (20 March 1319 – 20 August 1348) was an English nobleman and held the titles 1st Earl of Pembroke (4th creation), Baron Abergavenny and Baron Hastings under Edward II of England and Edward III of England.
Cynaeda affinis
Cynaeda affinis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Rothschild in 1915. It is found in Algeria.

The wingspan is about 16 mm. The basal three-fourths of the forewings is cream, powdered with olive-brown. The outer one-quarter is pale blue-grey with a black subterminal line. The hindwings are yellowish wood-grey. Adults have been recorded on wing in April.

Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild (8 February 1868 – 27 August 1937), was a British banker, politician, zoologist, and soldier, who was a member of the Rothschild family. As a Zionist leader, he was presented with the Balfour Declaration, which pledged British support for a Jewish national home in Palestine. Rothschild was the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 1925 to 1926.
Rudolf Railway
The Rudolf Railway (German: Rudolfsbahn) refers to a railway in Austria connecting Amstetten and the Italian border near Tarvisio, along with a branch from Kastenreith to St. Valentine. Its name is derived from the k.k. priv. Kronprinz Rudolf-Bahn Gesellschaft (Imperial–royal, "privileged"—by the grant of a concession—Crown Prince Rudolf Railway Company, KRB). The main line, which was opened from 1868 to 1873, ran on the St. Valentin–Kastenreith–Kleinreifling–Selzthal–Schoberpass–St. Michael–Neumarkt saddle–St. Veit an der Glan–Feldkirchen in Kärnten–Villach–Tarvisio Centrale route. The section of the line within the current borders of Italy now runs over the new Tarvisio–Udine railway (opened in November 2000) through Tarvisio Boscoverde. It replaced a very windy route to Udine that originally formed part of the Rudolf Railway.

Amstetten, Lower Austria
Amstetten (German pronunciation: [amˈʃtɛtn̩] ⓘ) is a city in Lower Austria. It is the capital of the Amstetten District and the centre of the historical region Mostviertel ("Most" – lightly fermented apple juice, "viertel" – a region of the province Lower Austria).
Velma Gaines-Hamock
Velma Louise Gaines Hamock (May 25, 1910 – October 3, 2000) was an American funeral home owner in Paducah, Kentucky. In 1949 she inherited the business, at one time the only African-American owned funeral home in the city, after the death of her husband A. Z. Hamock. She is noted for having kept the mummy of Speedy Atkins, which her husband had preserved in 1928, for more than 40 more years before burial in 1994. About 200 people attended the 1994 funeral and burial of Atkins in Maplelawn Cemetery in Paducah. As had her husband, Velma Hamock kept Atkins' preserved body in a closet when it was not displayed to tourists. She died in October 2000.

Paducah, Kentucky
Paducah (/pəˈduːkə/ ⓘ pə-DOO-kə) is a home rule-class city in the Upland South, and the county seat of McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The most populous city in the Jackson Purchase region, it is located in the Southeastern United States at the confluence of the Tennessee and the Ohio rivers, halfway between St. Louis, Missouri, to the northwest and Nashville, Tennessee, to the southeast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,137, up from 25,024 in 2010. Twenty blocks of the city's downtown have been designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Paducah is the principal city of the Paducah metropolitan area, which includes McCracken, Ballard, Carlisle and Livingston counties in Kentucky and Massac County in Illinois.  The total population of the metro area was 103,481 in 2020.  The Paducah–Mayfield combined statistical area had a total population of 140,138.
Colorado School of Mines
The Colorado School of Mines (Mines) is a public research university in Golden, Colorado, United States. Founded in 1874, the school offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees in engineering, science, and mathematics, with a focus on energy and the environment. While Mines does offer undergraduate minor programs in the humanities, arts, and social sciences, it only offers degree programs in STEM fields, with the exception of economics. In the fall 2025 semester, the school enrolled 8,247 students, including 6,371 undergraduate and 1,876 graduate students. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

Miss Colorado
The Miss Colorado competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Colorado in the Miss America pageant. The Colorado representative has won the Miss America crown on four occasions.

Fort Smith, Arkansas native Madison Isabella Marsh of Colorado Springs, Colorado was crowned Miss Colorado 2023 on May 27, 2023, at The PACE Center in Parker, Colorado. She competed for and won the title of Miss America 2024 in Orlando, Florida on January 14, 2024.

Gabrielle Gramont of Fort Collins was crowned Miss Colorado 2025 on June 14, 2025, at the Newman Center for the Performing Arts at the University of Denver in Denver. She competed at Miss America 2026 in September 2025, earning a Preliminary Fitness Award.
1st Special Forces Group (United States)
The 1st Special Forces Group (Airborne) (1st SFG) (A) is a unit of the U.S. Army Special Forces operating under the United States Pacific Command. It is designed to deploy and execute nine doctrinal missions throughout the Indo-Pacific Command area of operations: unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, direct action, counter-insurgency, special reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, information operations, counterproliferation of weapon of mass destruction, and security force assistance.

Information Operations (United States)
Information Operations is a category of direct and indirect support operations for the United States Military.  By definition in Joint Publication 3-13, "IO are described as the integrated employment of electronic warfare (EW), computer network operations (CNO), psychological operations (PSYOP), military deception (MILDEC), and operations security (OPSEC), in concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to Information Operations (IO) are actions taken to affect adversary information and information systems while defending one's own information and information systems."
Íshúsfélag Ísfirðinga
66°04′35″N 23°07′25″W﻿ / ﻿66.076497°N 23.123614°W﻿ / 66.076497; -23.123614

Íshúsfélag Ísfirðinga (Ísafjörður Freezing Plant Company) was an Icelandic company that produced frozen fish for export. It was established on 7 January 1912 to store frozen bait, and in the 1930s moved into freezing fish. In 1970 Gunnvör hf. and Hrönn hf. became the main shareholders of the company, and in 1994 Gunnvör acquired almost all the shares of the company. In 1999 Gunnvör hf. and Hraðfystihúsið hf. in Hnífsdalur merged under the name Hraðfrystihúsið Gunnvör hf., and Íshúsfélag Ísfirðinga became part of that company.

Hnífsdalur
Hnífsdalur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈn̥ifsˌtaːlʏr̥]) is a small village in the municipality of Ísafjarðarbær, located between Bolungarvík and Ísafjörður. The literal meaning of the name is "Knife's Valley". Some guess that the thin or sharp line of the mountain range resembles that of a knife. No mention is made of the place in the Book of Settlement.
Haslev Municipality
Until 1 January 2007, Haslev municipality was a Danish, kommune) in West Zealand County on the island of Zealand (Sjælland) in Denmark.  The municipality covered an area of 133 km², and had a total population of 14,781 (2005).  Its last mayor was Henrik Christensen, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and site of its municipal council was the town of Haslev.

Haslev municipality ceased to exist after the Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007).  It was merged with the existing Fakse and Rønnede municipalities to form the new Faxe municipality. This new municipality, with an area of 406 km² and a total population of 34,313 (2005), belongs to the Region Sjælland ("Zealand Region").

Venstre (Denmark)
Venstre (Danish: [ˈvenstʁɐ], lit. 'Left', V), full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti (English: Left, Denmark's Liberal Party), is a conservative-liberal, agrarian political party in Denmark. Founded as part of a peasants' movement against the landed aristocracy, today it espouses an economically liberal, pro-free-market ideology.

Venstre is the major party of the centre-right in Denmark, and the second-largest party in the country. The party has produced many Prime Ministers. In the 2022 general elections, Venstre received 13.3% of the vote and 23 out of 179 seats. Following the resignation of Jakob Ellemann-Jensen, the party is led by Troels Lund Poulsen who serves as the country's Deputy Prime Minister. Since December 2022, the party has been a junior partner in the second Frederiksen government.

The party is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and has four MEPs in the European Parliament.
Maurizia Cacciatori
Maurizia Cacciatori (born 6 April 1973) is an Italian former volleyball player and sports commentator.

Born in Carrara, Cacciatori has racked up 228 appearances in the Italian national team, winning a gold medal at the 2001 Mediterranean Games and being awarded best setter at the 1998 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.

2001 Mediterranean Games
The XIV Mediterranean Games (Arabic: ألعاب البحر الأبيض المتوسط 2001), commonly known as the 2001 Mediterranean Games, were the 14th Mediterranean Games held in Tunis, Tunisia, from 2–15 September 2001, where 2,991 athletes (1,972 men and 1,019 women) from 23 countries participated. There were a total of 230 medal events from 23 different sports.

France won the most gold medals in the competition (40) while Italy had the greatest medal haul overall with 136 in total. Turkey, Spain and Greece rounded out the top five, shortly followed by the host country in sixth place.
Two disability events were incorporated into the athletics programme – there was a 1500 m wheelchair race for men and an 800 m for women.

The Tunisian organisers of the Games decided not to hold the closing ceremony because of the September 11 attacks.
Mudge Passage
Mudge Passage (66°2′S 65°50′W﻿ / ﻿66.033°S 65.833°W﻿ / -66.033; -65.833) is a marine passage running east–west from the vicinity of Prospect Point, Graham Coast, between Beer Island and Dodman Island to the north and Saffery Islands and Trump Islands to the south, to the vicinity of Extension Reef. The passage was navigated and charted by Captain C.R. Elliott in RRS John Biscoe in January 1979. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in association with Harrison Passage and Maskelyne Passage to the northeast, after Thomas Mudge (1715–94), English horologist who made substantial improvements to marine chronometers.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mudge Passage". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Extension Reef
Extension Reef is a reef which encompasses a large number of small islands and rocks, extending 10 miles (16 km) southwest from the south end of Rabot Island, in the Biscoe Islands. It was first charted and named by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill.