hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Equation-free modeling
Equation-free modeling is a method for multiscale computation and computer-aided analysis. It is designed for a class of complicated systems in which one observes evolution at a macroscopic, coarse scale of interest, while accurate models are only given at a finely detailed, microscopic, level of description. The framework empowers one to perform macroscopic computational tasks (over large space-time scales) using only appropriately initialized microscopic simulation on short time and small length scales. The methodology eliminates the derivation of explicit macroscopic evolution equations when these equations conceptually exist but are not available in closed form; hence the term equation-free.

Microsimulation
Microsimulation is the use of computerized analytical tools to perform analysis of activities such as highway traffic flowing through an intersection, financial transactions, or pathogens spreading disease through a population on the granularity level of individuals. Synonyms include microanalytic simulation and microscopic simulation. Microsimulation, with its emphasis on stochastic or rule-based structures, should not be confused with the similar complementary technique of multi-agent simulation, which focuses more on the behaviour of individuals.

For example, a traffic microsimulation model could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of lengthening a turn lane at an intersection, and thus help decide whether it is worth spending money on actually lengthening the lane.
2021 Hamburg European Open – Women's singles
Kim Clijsters was the defending champion, having won the previous edition in 2002, but chose not to participate.

Elena-Gabriela Ruse won her maiden WTA Tour singles title as a qualifier, defeating Andrea Petkovic in the final, 7–6(8–6), 6–4.

This tournament marked Dayana Yastremska's return to professional tennis, after her suspension for testing positive for a prohibited substance was lifted by the ITF.

Kristína Kučová
Kristína Kučová (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈkristiːna ˈkutʂɔʋaː]; born 23 May 1990) is a former Slovak tennis player. On 12 September 2016, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 71. On 5 October 2009, she peaked at No. 168 in the WTA doubles rankings.
She won one singles title on the WTA Challenger Tour with eleven singles titles and five doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. She retired at the 2023 Jasmin Open in Monastir.

Kučová was an accomplished junior player, having won the girls' singles title at the 2007 US Open and reaching a combined career-high junior ranking of world No. 3, on 10 September 2009.

Playing for Slovakia Fed Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 1–5.
Enid Crow
Enid Crow (born 1968), is an American feminist artist who is best known for self-portrait photographs.  She has had solo shows at A.I.R. Gallery (NYC), Holocene (Portland), and Constance Art Gallery (Iowa). Her photographs have been published in Venus Zine, riffRAG, 24/7, Altar. From 1991-1992, she was a member of Johannes Birringer's dance theatre company—AlienNation Co. -- in Chicago, Illinois. From 1997 to 2000 she studied Noh drama in Japan. From 2005 to 2008, she performed with Justin Duerr in the self-described lo-fi craft pop band the Vivian Girls Experience, based on the work of artist Henry Darger.

Johannes Birringer
Johannes Birringer is a German independent media choreographer and artistic director of AlienNation Co., a multimedia ensemble that has collaborated on various site-specific and cross-cultural performance and installation projects since 1993. He lives and works in Houston and London.
Nosé–Hoover thermostat
The Nosé–Hoover thermostat is a deterministic algorithm for constant-temperature molecular dynamics simulations.
It was originally developed by Shuichi Nosé and was improved further by William G. Hoover. Although the heat bath of Nosé–Hoover thermostat consists of only one imaginary particle, simulation systems achieve realistic constant-temperature condition (canonical ensemble). Therefore, the Nosé–Hoover thermostat has been commonly used as one of the most accurate and efficient methods for constant-temperature molecular dynamics simulations.

Deterministic algorithm
In computer science, a deterministic algorithm is an algorithm that, given a particular input, will always produce the same output, with the underlying machine always passing through the same sequence of states. Deterministic algorithms are by far the most studied and familiar kind of algorithm, as well as one of the most practical, since they can be run on real machines efficiently.

Formally, a deterministic algorithm computes a mathematical function; a function has a unique value for any input in its domain, and the algorithm is a process that produces this particular value as output.
James Murdoch (New South Wales politician)
Sir James Anderson Murdoch KBE CMG (10 March 1867 – 30 January 1939) was a Scottish-born Australian politician.

He was born in Edinburgh to cabinetmaker Thomas Murdoch and Margaret Anderson. He worked at a wool warehouse before migrating to Melbourne in 1884; after a period in Brisbane, he established a business in Sydney in 1893. In 1892, he married Isabella Binning, with whom he had three daughters. His business eventually became a large retail company. During World War I he served with the Australian Army Medical Corps, holding the rank of lieutenant-colonel; he was mentioned in despatches four times. In 1918, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George. Appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council as a Nationalist in 1923, he was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1928. He left the Legislative Council on its reconstitution in 1934, and died at Manly in 1939.

Manly, New South Wales
Manly is a beach-side suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of the Sydney central business district and is currently one of the three administrative centres of the local government area of Northern Beaches Council. Manly has a long-standing reputation as a tourist destination, owing to its attractive setting on the Pacific Ocean and easy accessibility by ferry.
Oliver Baldwin, 2nd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
Oliver Ridsdale Baldwin, 2nd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley (1 March 1899 – 10 August 1958), known as Viscount Corvedale from 1937 to 1947, was a British socialist politician who had a career at political odds with his father, the Conservative prime minister Stanley Baldwin.

Educated at Eton, which he hated, Baldwin left as soon as he could. After serving in the army during the First World War he undertook various jobs, including a brief appointment as an officer in the Armenian army, and wrote journalism and books on a range of topics. He served two terms as a Labour Member of Parliament between 1929 and 1947.

Baldwin never achieved ministerial office in Britain. His last post was as Governor of the Leeward Islands, from 1948 to 1950.

Leeward Islands
The Leeward Islands (/ˈliːwərd/) are a group of islands in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies in the Caribbean region of the Americas, situated where the northeastern Caribbean Sea meets the western North Atlantic Ocean. Starting with the Virgin Islands east of the Greater Antilles main island of Puerto Rico, they extend southeast to Guadeloupe and its dependencies. They lie north of the Windward Islands, southern islands from Dominica to Trinidad and Tobago, and northwest of the Leeward Antilles, southwestern islands from the Federal Dependencies of Venezuela to Aruba.

In English, the term Leeward Islands refers to the northern islands of the Lesser Antilles chain. The more southerly part of this chain, from Dominica to Trinidad and Tobago, is known as the Windward Islands. Dominica was initially considered a part of the Leeward Islands, but was transferred from the British Leeward Islands to the British Windward Islands in 1940.
Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (song)
"Tini zabutykh predkiv" (Ukrainian: «Тіні забутих предків», pronounced [ˈt⁽ʲ⁾in⁽ʲ⁾i zɐˈbutɪx ˈprɛdkiu̯]), better known in English as "Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors", is a song by Ukrainian singer Alina Pash. The song was scheduled to represent Ukraine at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, after winning Vidbir 2022, Ukraine's national final. However, following controversy surrounding Pash's status as a legitimate participant of Vidbir, she ultimately withdrew. The replacement entry, "Stefania" by Kalush Orchestra, ultimately went on to win the contest.

Kalush Orchestra
Kalush Orchestra is a Ukrainian folk-hip hop group founded in 2021 as a side project of Kalush, performing hip-hop music in the Ukrainian language. They represented Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 with the song "Stefania" and went on to win the competition, securing Ukraine's third Eurovision win. Kalush Orchestra combines elements of Ukrainian folk music with modern production, hip-hop dance, and Ukrainian-language rap.
WVTK
WVTK (92.1 MHz) is an FM radio station airing a classic hits radio format, licensed to Port Henry, New York, near the New York State/Vermont border.  It is owned by Vox AM/FM, LLC.

WVTK has an effective radiated power of 18,000 watts, most of which radiates into the Champlain Valley. The signal can be heard clearly in Middlebury, Bristol, Brandon, Vergennes and Charlotte, Vermont, along with Port Henry, Ticonderoga and Essex, New York. WVTK's business offices and broadcast studios are located in the Historic Marble Works Complex in Middlebury. The broadcast tower is located off Edgemont Road in Port Henry.

The station positions itself as "Addison County's Radio Station".  WVTK serves as the voice of the Middlebury College Panthers hockey and football teams, as well providing coverage for local area high school football, hockey, and basketball coverage.

Charlotte, Vermont
Charlotte /ʃɑːrˈlɒt/ is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. The town was named for Queen Charlotte, though unlike Charlotte, North Carolina, Charlottesville, Virginia, and other cities and towns that bear her name, the town's name is pronounced with the accent on the second syllable. The population of the town was 3,912 at the 2020 census.
Linni Meister
Linni Irene Meister (born 4 December 1985) is a Norwegian glamour model, pop singer and sex columnist for FHM magazine who lives in Oslo. Meister has a German-Norwegian father and a mother from Sri Lanka. Meister grew up in Slependen in Bærum. Meister first claimed fame in the now defunct Team Aylar, which was a group of glamour models including Elita Löfblad and Aylar Lie. Meister became a household name when she was a Joker contestant on the Norwegian reality television program Robinsonekspedisjonen 2007, where she placed fourth and was much mentioned in the media. Meister is most known abroad for her music single "My Ass", which was released as promotion for the horror-comedy film Dead Snow. In the music video Meister appears nude in some parts, which created a stir in media.

Slependen
Slependen is a relatively large area in Bærum, Norway. On Slependen there is significant villa settlement, as well as considerable office and commercial activities. As of 2025, it has an approximate population of 7,940 residents.
Rolling Fields, Kentucky
Rolling Fields is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, Rolling Fields had a population of 720. It incorporated as a city in 1958.

It was the fifth-wealthiest city in Kentucky by median household income in 2000. It is adjacent to the similar small cities of Indian Hills and Mockingbird Valley, and all three are served by the Indian Hills Police Department.

After settlement by Europeans, the land was part of the Veech family farm for over 100 years. Land from the farm was also developed into Indian Hills and the adjoining Louisville Country Club. Most of the homes in Rolling Fields were built in the 1940s and 1950s.

Jefferson County, Kentucky
Jefferson County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 782,969. It is the most populous county in the commonwealth (with more than twice the population of second ranked Fayette County).

Since a city-county merger in 2003, the county's territory, population and government have been coextensive with the city of Louisville, which also serves as county seat. The administrative entity created by this merger is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government, abbreviated to Louisville Metro.

Jefferson County is the anchor of the Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, locally referred to as Kentuckiana.
Sosnowiec Ghetto
The Sosnowiec Ghetto (German: Ghetto von Sosnowitz) was a World War II ghetto set up by Nazi German authorities for Polish Jews in the Środula district of Sosnowiec in the Province of Upper Silesia. During the Holocaust in occupied Poland, most inmates, estimated at over 35,000 Jewish men, women and children were deported to Auschwitz death camp aboard Holocaust trains following roundups lasting from June until August 1943. The ghetto was liquidated during an uprising, a final act of defiance of its Underground Jewish Combat Organization (ŻOB) made up of youth. Most of the Jewish fighters perished.

The Sosnowiec Ghetto formed a single administrative unit with the Będzin Ghetto, because both cities are a part of the same metropolitan area in the Dąbrowa Basin. Prior to deportations, the Jews from the two ghettos shared the "Farma" vegetable garden allocated to Zionist youth by the Judenrat.

Metropolis GZM
The Metropolis GZM (Polish: Metropolia GZM, formally in Polish Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolia (Upper Silesian-Dąbrowa Basin Metropolis)) is a metropolitan association (Polish: związek metropolitalny) composed of 41 contiguous gminas, with a total population of over 2 million, covering most of the Katowice metropolitan area in the Silesian Voivodeship of Poland. The seat of metropolitan administration is Katowice, the largest member city and the voivodeship capital.
Smash and Grab (1937 film)
Smash and Grab is a 1937 British comedy crime film directed by Tim Whelan and starring Jack Buchanan, Elsie Randolph, with Arthur Margetson and Anthony Holles. The film was released in the United States as Larceny Street. The film was shot at Pinewood Studios with sets designed by the art director Douglas Daniels.

It was followed by a sequel in 1939 The Gang's All Here with Buchanan reprising his role and Googie Withers starring as his wife.

Tim Whelan
Tim Whelan (November 2, 1893 – August 12, 1957) was an American film director, writer, producer and actor, best remembered for his writing credits on Harold Lloyd and Harry Langdon comedies, and for directing mostly British films, such as The Thief of Bagdad (1940).

In Britain he worked with leading production companies including British International Pictures, Gainsborough Pictures and Alexander Korda's London Films. In the United States he was employed by MGM and RKO. He returned to America following the outbreak of the Second World War, but came back to Britain for a film in 1948, This Was a Woman.

He was married to the film actress Miriam Seegar in 1932. Whelan died at his home in Beverly Hills.
Anton Rittel
Anton Rittel, also known as Rittel (I) (date of birth unknown) was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel as defender or as  midfielder.

Rittel joined Basel's first team for their 1912–13 FC Basel season under player-coach and captain Ernst Kaltenbach. Rittel played his domestic league debut for the club in the away game on 17 November 1912 as Basel were defeated 1–2 against FC Bern.

Between the years 1912 and 1919 Rittel played a total of 33 games for Basel without scoring a goal. 15 of these games were in the Nationalliga A and 18 were friendly games.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
Stephenson and Turner
Originally known as Stephenson and Meldrum (1921–1937), Stephenson and Turner (1938–1995) was a prominent Australian architectural firm, best known for the pioneering modernism of their numerous hospital designs of the 1930s and 1940s.

Royal Women's Hospital
The Royal Women's Hospital, located in the Melbourne suburb of Parkville, is Australia's oldest specialist women's hospital. It offers a full range of services in maternity, gynaecology, neonatal care, women's cancers and women's health. It also offers complementary services such as social work, physiotherapy, dietetics, genetic counselling and pastoral care. Specialist clinics in endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, menopause symptoms after cancer, and infertility are also available. It is a major teaching hospital of over 200 beds with links to the University of Melbourne and La Trobe University. Co-located in the same building is the Frances Perry Private Hospital, a 69-bed private hospital for women.
Leszcze, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Leszcze [ˈlɛʂt͡ʂɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pińczów, within Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south of Pińczów and 49 km (30 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Pińczów County
Pińczów County is a unit of administration with the degree of the Sejm on territorial and territorial self-government in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It was established on January 1, 1992 as a result of Polish local government reforms adopted in 1912. The administrative seat and the largest city is Pińczów located 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce. Another town in the county is Działoszyce located 10 kilometres (6 miles) south of Pińczów.

The county covers an area of 611.03 square kilometres (235.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 39,100, out of which the population of Pińczów is 10,774, that of Działoszyce is 907, and the rural population is 27,419.
Filothei, Arta
Filothei (Greek: Φιλοθέη) is a former municipality located in the Arta regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Following the 2011 local government reform, it became part of the municipality of Arta and was designated as a municipal unit within it. The municipal unit has an area of 50.614 km². As of the 2021 census, the population was 5,160. The seat of the municipality was in Chalkiades.

Epirus (region)
Epirus (/ɪˈpaɪrəs/ ih-PY-rəs; Greek: Ήπειρος, romanized: Ípiros, [ˈi.pi.ros]) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region in northwestern Greece. It borders the regions of Western Macedonia and Thessaly to the east, West Greece to the south, the Ionian Sea and Ionian Islands to the west and Albania to the north. The region has an area of about 9,200 km2 (3,600 sq mi). It is part of the wider historical region of Epirus, which overlaps modern Albania and Greece but lies mostly within Greek territory.
Head on Comedy
Head on Comedy was a comedy debate show hosted by Jo Brand in which two teams of three, captained by Bill Bailey and Ed Byrne, would debate trivial topics such as 'This house wants to be a man'. It ran for one series, consisting of six episodes.

Ed Byrne (comedian)
Edward Cathal Byrne (born 16 April 1972) is an Irish actor and comedian. He has presented the British television shows Just for Laughs and Uncut! Best Unseen Ads, has been a guest on numerous television panel games and has appeared on a number of television cooking shows.
Simon Kim
Simon Kim is an American restaurateur who owns and operates COTE Korean Steakhouse, a restaurant with locations in New York, Miami, Las Vegas, and Singapore. COTE New York has received a star from the Michelin Guide each year since opening in 2017.
Kim's original "Korean Steakhouse" concept combines Korean barbecue with an American steakhouse experience and was inspired by his dual nationalities. Crain's New York named Kim as one of their "40 Under 40" business leaders in 2019. In 2021, the National Restaurant Association, which represents 1 million restaurant and foodservice outlets and a workforce of 15.6 million employees, elected Kim to serve on their board.

National Restaurant Association
The National Restaurant Association is a restaurant industry business association in the United States, representing more than 380,000 restaurant locations. It also operates the National Restaurant Association Educational Foundation. The association was founded in 1919 and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with an additional office on the 36th floor of the Willis Tower in Chicago.
The Brandon Sun
The Brandon Sun is a Monday through Saturday newspaper printed in Brandon, Manitoba. It is the primary newspaper of record for western Manitoba and includes substantial political, crime, business and sports news. The Brandon Sun also publishes a weekly Westman This Week edition featuring local columns and events listings that is distributed free to the entire city.

It was founded by Will White, with the first edition being printed on January 19, 1882. After some time under a board of directors, J.B. Whitehead purchased the majority of shares in 1903, and took full control in 1911. He ran the paper until 1937 when his son Ernest C. Whitehead took it over. The Whitehead family controlled The Brandon Sun until 1987, when it was sold to Thomson Newspapers, who owned it until 2001.

The paper is currently owned by FP Canadian Newspapers, which also owns and operates the Winnipeg Free Press. Alumni of the Sun include Henry Champ, Haroon Siddiqui, Charles Gordon and Lubor J. Zink.

Newspaper of record
A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country.

It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record, but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record.
GS 2000+25
GS 2000+25 is an X-ray binary system in the constellation Vulpecula, consisting of a late K-type star and a black hole. It is also an X-ray nova.

Fumiyoshi Makino and the Ginga satellite team discovered GS 2000+25, in April of 1988. A few days later a star, variable in visible light, was identified at its position. It received its variable star designation, QZ Vulpeculae, in 1989.

Ginga (satellite)
Ginga (Japanese for 'galaxy', formerly ASTRO-C), was an X-ray astronomy satellite launched from the Kagoshima Space Center on 5 February 1987 using M-3SII launch vehicle. The primary instrument for observations was the Large Area Counter (LAC). Ginga was the third Japanese X-ray astronomy mission, following Hakucho and Tenma (also Hinotori satellite - which preceded Ginga - had X-ray sensors, but it can be seen as a heliophysics rather than X-ray astronomy mission). Ginga reentered the Earth's atmosphere on 1 November 1991.