hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Plymouth
The Plymouth is a historic building in Washington, D.C., United States. It is in the Logan Circle-Shaw neighborhood in the Northwest Quadrant of the city.  Frederick Atkinson designed the building in the Classical Revival style and it was completed in 1903.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Northwest (Washington, D.C.)
Northwest (NW or N.W.) is the northwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located north of the National Mall and west of North Capitol Street. It is the largest of the four quadrants of the city (NW, NE, SW and SE), and it includes the central business district, the Federal Triangle, and the museums along the northern side of the National Mall, as well as many of the District's historic neighborhoods.

Politically, Northwest is made up of parts of Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, with Wards 1 and 3 being the only wards located entirely within the quadrant. The Northwest is the wealthiest quadrant of the city, particularly west of 16th Street.
Sir James Foulis, 5th Baronet
Sir James Foulis, 5th Baronet (1714–1791) was the fifth Baronet of Colinton and an antiquarian.

He was the eldest son of Henry Foulis, third son of the third baronet He succeeded his uncle, the fourth Baronet, in July 1742. In his youth he was an officer in the army, but he retired from the service early, and devoted himself to the pursuits of a country gentleman and to literature. He occupied the Castle of Colinton having inherited lands there and mills nearby. He married a Mary Wightman and had sons, James and Henry, and a daughter, Elizabeth.

Foulis died at Colinton, near Edinburgh, on 3 January 1791.

Colinton
Colinton is a suburb of Edinburgh, Scotland situated 3+1⁄2 miles (5.5 kilometres) southwest of the city centre. Up until the late 18th century it appears on maps as Collington. It is bordered by Dreghorn to the south and Craiglockhart to the north-east. To the north-west it extends to Lanark Road (the A70) and to the south-west to the City Bypass. Bonaly is a subsection of the area on its southern side.

Colinton is a designated conservation area.
Pachyrhamma waitomoensis
Pachyrhamma waitomoensis, known as the Waitomo cave weta, is a large species of cave weta (New Zealand cave cricket, tokoriro), native to the Waitomo district of New Zealand.

This species was described by Aola Richards whose doctoral research investigated their life history. Cook et al (2010) follow W.F. Kirby (1906) and Karny (1937) in treating Pachyrhamma as a neuter noun, and thus use a neuter suffix for the species name, i.e. waitomoense rather than waitomoensis.

William Forsell Kirby
William Forsell Kirby (14 January 1844 – 20 November 1912) was an English entomologist and folklorist. He specialized in the study of the stick insects, describing nearly 70 species and 22 genera. His collection filled 120 cabinets and claimed that on reorganization, it would need 500 drawers. The stick insect Phobaeticus kirbyi described from Borneo and named by Brunner in 1907 after Kirby is one of the largest stick insects in the world.
Truth Tour
The Truth Tour was the second concert tour by American recording artist Usher. Visiting Africa, North America and Europe, the tour accompanies his fourth studio album, Confessions. The tour commenced on May 21, 2004, in Johannesburg and concluded on October 15, 2004, in Hartford.  It was ranked as one of the highest-grossing tours of 2004 in North America, grossing $29.1 million.

Nice & Slow
"Nice & Slow" is a song from American singer Usher's second album, My Way (1997). Released on January 6, 1998 by LaFace and Arista, the song became Usher's first number-one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart in February 1998. The song was written by Usher, Brian Casey of the R&B group Jagged Edge, Manuel Seal, and Jermaine Dupri.
Sunday Jang
Sunday Jang (born 1 August 1970) is a Cameroonian former footballer who played as a midfielder. He made ten appearances for the Cameroon national team in 1995 and 1996. He was also named in Cameroon's squad for the 1996 African Cup of Nations tournament.

1996 African Cup of Nations
The 1996 African Cup of Nations, also known as the Coca-Cola 1996 Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 20th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by South Africa, who replaced original hosts Kenya. The field expanded for the first time to 16 teams, split into four groups of four; the top two teams in each group advancing to the quarterfinals. However, Nigeria withdrew from the tournament at the final moment under pressure from then-dictator Sani Abacha, reducing the field to 15. South Africa won its first championship, beating Tunisia in the final 2–0. The tournament was covered in the 2026 documentary series “Class of ‘96: Rise of a Nation”.
Emu Plains Underbridge
Emu Plains Underbridge is a heritage-listed steel truss railway underbridge located off Bruce Neale Dr approximately 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) west of the Penrith railway station in the western Sydney suburb of Penrith, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by James Fraser, the existing lines branch and the New South Wales Government Railways. It was built in 1907, with fabrication by R. Tulloch & Co.; and erection by day labour. It is also known as Emu Plains (Nepean River) Underbridge and Penrith (Nepean River) Underbridge. The property is owned by Transport Asset Holding Entity, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 28 June 2013.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Vanuatu
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Vanuatu refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its members in Vanuatu.  As of 2024, there were 12,820 members in 40 congregations, making it the third largest body of LDS Church members in Melanesia behind Papua New Guinea and Fiji. Vanuatu has the most LDS Church members per capita in Melanesia, and the sixth most members per capita of any country in the world, behind Tonga, Samoa, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Fiji
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Fiji refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its members in Fiji. The first branch (small congregation) was formed in 1955 and membership has grown to the point there are now 52 congregations in Fiji. As of December 31, 2023, the Church reported there were 23,898 members in Fiji. making it the second largest body of LDS Church members in Melanesia behind Papua New Guinea.
Flory convention
In polymer science, the Flory convention is a convention for labelling  rotational isomers of polymers. It is named after Nobel Prize-winning Paul Flory.

The convention states that for a given bond, when the dihedral angle formed between the previous and subsequent bonds projected on the plane normal to the bond is 0 degrees, the state is labelled as "trans", and when the angle is 180 degrees, the angle is labelled as "cis".

Dihedral angle
A dihedral angle is the angle between two intersecting planes or half-planes. It is a plane angle formed on a third plane, perpendicular to the line of intersection between the two planes or the common edge between the two half-planes. In higher dimensions, a dihedral angle represents the angle between two hyperplanes. In chemistry, it is the clockwise angle between half-planes through two sets of three atoms, having two atoms in common.
Charter Oak Mills, Wisconsin
Charter Oak Mills is a ghost town in the town of Albion, Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States. Charter Oak Mills was located along what is now Wisconsin Highway 54 2.1 miles (3.4 km) south-southwest of Black River Falls.

Black River Falls, Wisconsin
Black River Falls is a city in Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 3,523 at the 2020 census. It is located along the Black River and home to the headquarters of the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin.
2024–25 Biathlon World Cup – Stage 6
The 2024–25 Biathlon World Cup – Stage 6 was the sixth event of the season and was held in Antholz-Anterselva, Italy, from 20 to 26 January 2025. The event consisted of two individual competitions and two relay races, one by men and one by women. The World Cup leaders after the events in Antholz-Anterselva were Sturla Holm Lægreid for the men and Franziska Preuß for the women. The U-23 World Cup ranking leaders after the events in Antholz-Anterselva were Campbell Wright for the men and Jeanne Richard for the women.

Franziska Preuß
Franziska Preuß (also spelled Preuss, born 11 March 1994) is a German former biathlete and the World Cup winner of the 2024–25 season. She made her World Cup debut during the 2013–14 season and represented Germany at the 2014, 2018, 2022 and 2026 Winter Olympics.

Preuß has won gold medals at the Biathlon World Championships, triumphing in the relay in 2015 and the pursuit in 2025. She also secured the mass start title in the 2014–15 and 2024–25 seasons, along with the sprint title in the 2024–25 season. She achieved two top–3 finishes in the overall World Cup standings, placing third in the 2020–21 season and finally won the World Cup in the 2024–25 season.
Kuroimine Site
Kuroimine Site (黒井峯遺跡, Kuroimine iseki) is an archaeological site containing the ruins of a Kofun period settlement (dating from around the mid 500 AD)  located in what is now the Komochi neighborhood of the city of Shibukawa, Gunma Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1993.

Gunma Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture (群馬県, Gunma-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡɯꜜm.ma, ɡɯm.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 square kilometres (2,456 sq mi). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the southwest, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Tochigi Prefecture to the east.

Maebashi is the capital and Takasaki is the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōta, Isesaki, and Kiryū. Gunma Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, located on the northwestern corner of the Kantō Plain with 14% of its total land being designated as natural parks.
Oliver Twist (1962 TV serial)
Oliver Twist is a 1962 BBC TV adaptation of Charles Dickens' 1838 novel Oliver Twist, serialised in 13 episodes. Due in part to its transmission at Sunday teatimes, the production proved to be controversial, with questions asked in Parliament and many viewer complaints over the brutal murder of Nancy by Bill Sikes in its eleventh episode. The serial has survived intact, and was released to DVD in 2017 by Simply Media.

Controversy
Controversy (UK: /kənˈtrɒvəsi/, US: /ˈkɒntrəvɜːrsi/) is a state of prolonged public dispute or debate, usually concerning a matter of conflicting opinion or point of view. The word was coined from the Latin controversia, as a composite of controversus – "turned in an opposite direction", and also means an exercise in rhetoric practiced in Rome.
Duty of care (business associations)
In United States corporation and business association law (particularly Delaware law and the Revised Model Business Corporation Act), a duty of care is part of the fiduciary duty owed to a corporation by its directors. The other aspects of fiduciary duty are a director's duty of loyalty and (possibly) duty of good faith.

Put simply, a director owes a duty to exercise good business judgment and to use ordinary care and prudence in the operation of the business. They must discharge their actions in good faith and in the best interest of the corporation, exercising the care an ordinary person would use under similar circumstances.

Directors' decisions are typically protected under the business judgment rule, unless they breach one of these duties or unless the decision constitutes waste. A breach of fiduciary duty will typically remove a director's decision from business judgment protection and require that the director show entire fairness.

Good faith (law)
In contract law, the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing is a general presumption that the parties to a contract will deal with each other honestly, fairly, and in good faith, so as to not destroy the right of the other party or parties to receive the benefits of the contract. It is implied in a number of contract types in order to reinforce the express covenants or promises of the contract.

A lawsuit (or a cause of action) based upon the breach of the covenant may arise when one party to the contract attempts to claim the benefit of a technical excuse for breaching the contract, or when he or she uses specific contractual terms in isolation in order to refuse to perform their contractual obligations, despite the general circumstances and understandings between the parties. When a court or trier of fact interprets a contract, there is always an "implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing" in every written agreement.
Iridopsis clivinaria
Iridopsis clivinaria, the mountain mahogany looper moth, is a moth of the  family Geometridae. It is found from British Columbia south to California and east to Idaho, Colorado and Arizona.

The length of the forewings is 22–25 mm. They are on wing from March to July in one generation per year.

The larvae mainly feed on the leaves of Cercocarpus species and Purshia tridentata, but have also been recorded on Prunus species and Ceanothus velutinus. Young larvae skeletonise the leaves of their host plant.

Purshia tridentata
Purshia tridentata, with the common name bitterbrush, is a  shrub in the genus Purshia of the family Rosaceae. It is native to mountainous areas of western North America.

Common names include antelope bitterbrush, antelope bush, buckbrush, quinine brush, and less commonly deerbrush, blackbrush, and greasewood. Some of these names are shared with other species.
Jergé Hoefdraad
Jergé Hoefdraad (17 July 1986 – 3 August 2021) was a Dutch professional footballer who last played as a left winger for Dutch club De Volewijckers. He formerly played for RKC Waalwijk, Almere City, Telstar and Cambuur.

RKC Waalwijk
RKC Waalwijk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɛrkaːˈseː ˈʋaːlʋɛik]) is a Dutch professional football club based in Waalwijk. They currently play in the Eerste Divisie, the second tier of Dutch football, following relegation from the Eredivisie in the 2024–25 season. Its name is derived from 'Rooms Katholieke Combinatie Waalwijk' ('Roman Catholic Combination Waalwijk' in Dutch) and was established as a merger of HEC, WVB and Hercules.
Dischidodactylus duidensis
Dischidodactylus duidensis (common name: Mount Duida frog) is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Venezuela and only known from its type locality, Cerro Duida. It was formally described in 1968 by Juan A. Rivero, even though the type series was collected 40 years earlier by George Henry Hamilton Tate.

Craugastoridae
Craugastoridae, commonly known as fleshbelly frogs, is a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it contains 129 species. They are found from the southern United States southwards to Central and South America.
The Surgeon (painting)
The Surgeon or The Village Surgeon is a c.1550-1555 oil on panel painting by Jan Sanders van Hemessen. It was first catalogued in 1614 in the Spanish royal collection at the El Pardo Palace. It is now in the Prado Museum in Madrid. It shows a barber surgeon carrying out a trepanation.

Royal Palace of El Pardo
The Royal Palace of El Pardo (Spanish: Palacio Real de El Pardo, pronounced [paˈlaθjo reˈal de el ˈpaɾðo]) is one of the official residences of the Spanish royal family and one of the oldest, being used by the Spanish monarchs since Henry III of Castile in the 15th century. The palace is owned by the Spanish government, administered by a state agency named Patrimonio Nacional (National Heritage) and it currently serves as a state guest house.
Świętokrzyska Street, Warsaw
Ulica Świętokrzyska (Holy Cross Street) in Warsaw's city centre is one of the Polish city's principal thoroughfares. It links the city's centre with Wola borough.

The street is named for Holy Cross Church, which stands on Krakowskie Przedmieście. Named after the street are a Warsaw Metro station and the Świętokrzyski Bridge.

The street was closed to traffic and trams from 2011 to March 2015 due to the construction of Warsaw's second Metro line (which runs underneath the length of the street).

Holy Cross Church, Warsaw
The Church of the Holy Cross (Polish: Bazylika Świętego Krzyża) is a Roman Catholic  church in central Warsaw, Poland. It is located on Krakowskie Przedmieście, opposite the main Warsaw University campus. One of the most notable Baroque churches in Poland's capital, its interior contains the embalmed heart of composer Frédéric Chopin. The Holy Cross Church is currently administered by friars belonging to the Congregation of the Mission of Vincent de Paul.
Hemiancistrus cerrado
Hemiancistrus cerrado is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Araguaia River basin in the Tocantins River drainage in Brazil. It is usually found in rocky riffles in second-order streams. The species reaches 17 cm (6.7 inches) SL and is named for the Cerrado, the ecoregion in which it occurs.

Tocantins River
The Tocantins River (Portuguese: Rio Tocantins Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁi.u tokɐ̃ˈtʃĩs, tu-], Parkatêjê: Pyti [pɨˈti]): 59  is a river in Brazil, the central fluvial artery of the country. In the Tupi language, its name means "toucan's beak" (Tukã for "toucan" and Ti for "beak"). It runs from south to north for about 2,450 km (1,520 mi). While sometimes included in definitions of the Amazon basin, the Tocantins is not a branch of the Amazon River, since its waters flow into the Atlantic Ocean via an eastern channel of the Amazon Delta, alongside those of the Amazon proper. It flows through four Brazilian states (Goiás, Tocantins, Maranhão, and Pará) and gives its name to one of Brazil's newest states, formed in 1988 from what was until then the northern portion of Goiás.

The Tocantins is one of the largest clearwater rivers in South America.
Bladelin Altarpiece
The Bladelin Altarpiece, or Middelburg Altarpiece, is a triptych painting created around 1450 by the Early Netherlandish painter Rogier van der Weyden, towards the end of his artistic career. It depicts scenes relating to the birth of Jesus; and as the only nativity scene definitively attributed to van der Weyden is sometimes known as the Nativity Triptych (although the Saint Columba Altarpiece shows the Adoration of the Magi).

The triptych was donated to the new church of Middelburg in 1460, possibly by the town's founder Pieter Bladelin.  It has been in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin, since 1834.

Christ Child
The Christ Child—also known as Baby Jesus, Infant Jesus, Child Jesus, Divine Child, Divine Infant and the Holy Child—refers to Jesus Christ during his early years. The term refers to a period of Jesus' life, described in the canonical Gospels, encompassing his nativity in Bethlehem, the visit of the Magi, and his presentation at the Temple in Jerusalem. It also includes his childhood, culminating in the event where his parents find him in the Temple at age 12, after which the Gospels remain silent about his life until the start of his ministry.
Neftchiler Avenue
Neftchiler Avenue (Azerbaijani: Neftçilər Prospekti; literally Oil Worker's Prospect) is an  arterial road in Baku, Azerbaijan. It begins at the west end of the Bayil district of Baku and continues east until terminating at Javanshir Bridge (formerly Gagarin Bridge) intersecting Uzeyir Hajibeyov Street. It is used as part of the Baku City Circuit, including the Start-Finish straight located next to Government House

Previous names of Neftchilar Avenue were Alexander II Quay, Gubanov Quay, and Stalin Avenue. The street was named Neftchilar Avenue in 1961 in honour of workers of oil industry in Azerbaijan. The larger section of the avenue runs along Baku Boulevard.

Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan
The petroleum industry in Azerbaijan produced about 33 million tonnes of oil and 35 billion cubic meters of gas in 2022. Azerbaijan is one of the birthplaces of the oil industry.

The  State Oil Company of the Republic of Azerbaijan (SOCAR), a fully state-owned national oil and gas company headquartered in Baku, is a major source of income for the Azerbaijani government. The company is run opaquely through complex webs of contracts and middlemen, which non-government watchdog organizations and others say have channeled revenues to the country's ruling elites.
Angèle Manteau
Angèle Georgette Ghislaine Manteau, born in Dinant on 24 January 1911 and died in Aalst on 20 April 2008, was a Belgian publisher. According to the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts, which presented her with an award in 2003, she was "the main Flemish literary editor of the twentieth century" and her publishing house has "undoubtedly left its mark on the history of Flemish literature".

Dinant
Dinant (French pronunciation: [dinɑ̃] ⓘ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Namur, Belgium. On the shores of river Meuse, in the Ardennes, it lies 90 kilometres (56 mi) south-east of Brussels, 30 kilometres (19 mi) south-east of Charleroi and 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the city of Namur. Dinant is situated 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the border with France.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Anseremme, Bouvignes-sur-Meuse, Dinant, Dréhance, Falmagne, Falmignoul, Foy-Notre-Dame, Furfooz, Lisogne, Sorinnes and Thynes.
Matthew Henry Cochrane
Matthew Henry Cochrane (November 11, 1823 – August 12, 1903) was a Canadian industrialist, livestock breeder, and politician.

Born in Compton, Lower Canada, the eldest son of an Irish Anglican immigrant, James Cochrane, Cochrane was a cattle importer and breeder. He was appointed to the Senate on the advice of John Alexander Macdonald in October 1872 representing the senatorial division of Wellington, Quebec. A Conservative, he served almost 31 years until his death in 1903.  His 1,100-acre (4.5 km2) ranch in Compton was one of the most well known in Canada and his annual auctions attracted ranches from all across North America and England.  He was one of the founders of the Eastern Townships Bank and Cochrane Ranch in Alberta was one of the largest in the British Empire.

Cochrane, Alberta is named in his honour.

Eastern Townships Bank
The Eastern Townships Bank was a Canadian bank that existed from 1855 to 1912. Concentrated in southeastern Quebec, some branches were later opened in western provinces. In 1912, the bank was merged into the Canadian Bank of Commerce.