hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Novoatashevo
Novoatashevo (Russian: Новоаташево; Bashkir: Яңы Аташ, Yañı Ataş) is a rural locality (a village) in Syultinsky Selsoviet, Ilishevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 79 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Ilishevsky District
Ilishevsky District (Russian: Или́шевский райо́н; Bashkir: Илеш районы, İleş rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders with Krasnokamsky District in the north, Dyurtyulinsky District in the east, Chekmagushevsky District in the southeast and south, Bakalinsky District in the southwest, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 1,980.53 square kilometers (764.69 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Verkhneyarkeyevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 34,654, with the population of Verkhneyarkeyevo accounting for 28.0% of that number.
Open-source record label
Open-source record labels are record labels that release music under copyleft licenses, that is, licenses that allow free redistribution and may allow free modification of the tracks.

They present free, libre, and open content, and present this a part of the freedoms of expression and speech, with the goal of opening up the possibilities of media through open collaboration. Some musicians dislike corporate control of music via means of copyright and believe that creativity requires that musicians reappropriate and reinterpret music and sounds to enable them to create truly innovative music. Additionally, copyleft enables musicians to develop music collaboratively.

Gratis versus libre
The adjective free in English is commonly used in one of two meanings: "at no monetary cost" (gratis) or "with little or no restriction" (libre). This ambiguity can cause issues where the distinction is important, as it often is when dealing with laws concerning the use of information, such as copyright and patents.

The terms gratis and libre may be used to categorise intellectual property like computer programs, according to the licenses and legal restrictions that cover them, especially in the free software and open source communities, as well as the broader free culture movement. For example, they are used to distinguish "freeware" (software gratis) from free software (software libre).

Free software advocate and GNU founder Richard Stallman advocates usage of the slogan: "Think free as in free speech, not free beer." This basically means: "Think free as in libre, not gratis."
Tirso de Molina (Madrid Metro)
Tirso de Molina [ˈtiɾso ðe moˈlina] is a station on Line 1 of the Madrid Metro, located in Zone A, located at Plaza de Tirso de Molina. It has been open to the public since 26 December 1921. It is named in honour of the playwright, poet and friar Tirso de Molina (1583–1648).

Line 1 (Madrid Metro)
Line 1 of the Madrid Metro is an underground metro line running from Pinar de Chamartín in the north to Valdecarros in the southeast, via Sol. Today it has 33 stations (more than any other line on the Madrid Metro) and spans 24 km (14.9 mi) from end to end.

The line was the first metro line of the Madrid Metro, and the first metro line built in all of Spain. It originally contained only 8 stops connecting Cuatro Caminos in the north to the city center at Puerta del Sol. Line 1 marks the start of the Madrid Metro with its inauguration on 17 October 1919 and public service beginning 14 days later on 31 October. There have been various extensions to the line since it opened including the most recent northern extension to Pinar de Chamartin on 11 April 2007 and a southern extension on 16 May 2007 to Valdecarros.

Line 1 is the second busiest line on the Madrid Metro, behind Line 6, with more than 7.5 million monthly trips.
Tsakalonisi
Tsakalonisi (Greek: Τσακαλονήσι) is a small Greek island in the Ionian Sea, part of the Echinades archipelago. As of 2011, it had no resident population. It is situated 0.3 km west of Provati, 0.8 km southwest of Karlonisi, 1 km southeast of Drakonera, 4 km off the coast of Aetolia-Acarnania and 27 km east of Ithaca. It is administered by the municipality of Cephalonia.

Aetolia-Acarnania
Aetolia-Acarnania (Greek: Αιτωλοακαρνανία, Aitoloakarnanía, Greek pronunciation: [etolo.akarnaˈni.a]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the geographic region of Central Greece and the administrative region of West Greece. A combination of the historical regions of Aetolia and Acarnania, it is the country's largest regional unit. Its capital is Missolonghi for historical reasons, with its biggest city and economic centre at Agrinio. The area is now connected with the Peloponnese peninsula via the Rio-Antirio Bridge. The surrounding regional units take in Arta in Epirus, a narrow length bordering Karditsa of Thessaly, Evrytania to the northeast, and Phocis to the east.
Rs5569
In genetics, rs5569 (A1287G or G1287A) is a genetic variant.
It is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the SLC6A2 gene in exon 9.
This gene codes the norepinephrine transporter.
The SNP is a silent substitution and
the nucleotides of both variants code a threonine amino acid.

Several research studies have examined the effect of the variant in relation to alcohol dependence,
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,
diabetes,
major depressive disorder,
panic disorder,
Tourette syndrome
and personality traits.
None of the studies have found an association.

Threonine
Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form when dissolved in water), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form when dissolved in water), and a side chain containing a hydroxyl group, making it a polar, uncharged amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Threonine is synthesized from aspartate in bacteria such as E. coli. It is encoded by all the codons starting AC (ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG).

Threonine sidechains are often hydrogen bonded; the most common small motifs formed are based on interactions with serine: ST turns, ST motifs (often at the beginning of alpha helices) and ST staples (usually at the middle of alpha helices).
Radio 1 FM (The Gambia)
Radio 1 FM 102.10 MHz is a long-established Gambian independent radio station based in Serrekunda. The station's popular programmes included 'Sunday Newshour' and 'Lovers Night'.

The station was founded by veteran broadcaster George Christensen (died 2016) who was considered the doyen of Gambian community radio. The Radio station was victim of an arson attack on August 10, 2001 in which Christensen and a night watchman were injured while trying to extinguish the fire. One of the station's journalist's houses was also set on fire. Radio 1 FM was among radio stations targeted in government clampdowns on journalists, with Christensen being arrested and taken to NIA headquarters October 23, 2001, in the days following the Gambian presidential election, 2001.

2001 Gambian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Gambia on 18 October 2001. The result was a victory for the incumbent Yahya Jammeh, who received just over 50% of the vote.

The elections were marred by irregularities and repression of the opposition; Pre-election violence resulted in the death of an unarmed opposition supporter who was shot by a police officer, and several injuries. The government also expelled a British diplomat who had attended an opposition rally.
Norwegian railway signaling
The signalling system used on the rail transport in Norway is regulated by Trafikkregler for jernbanenettet (TJN).

The first signalling system on the Norwegian railway system was a mechanically operated semaphore system introduced at Drammen station in 1893. The first electrically operated light signal system was delivered by AEG in 1924. Today, only electrically operated light signals are used.

Railway signal
A railway signal is a visual display device that conveys instructions or provides warning of instructions regarding the driver's authority to proceed. The driver interprets the signal's indication and acts accordingly. Typically, a signal might inform the driver of the speed at which the train may safely proceed or it may instruct the driver to stop.
Gnuni
Gnuni (Armenian: Գնունի; c. 300–800.) was a princely family in Armenia, who ruled the region of Aliovit, including the cities of Archesh, Arberani and Berkri on the northern shore of Lake Van. They were an offshoot of the Orontids.

Main rulers:

Atat Gnuni c. 387, deposed

Atom Gnuni c. 445

Vahan Gnuni c. 451

Atom and Arastom Gnuni c. 480

Mjej Gnuni c. 628

Vahan a.k.a. Dachnak c. 772

Around 772, Manazkert and Aghiovit were occupied by the Qayasite Dynasty.

Muradiye
Muradiye (Kurdish: Bêgirî, Armenian: Բերկրի, romanized: Berkri) is a municipality and district of Van Province, Turkey. Its area is 912 km2, and its population is 45,718 (2022). It is best known for its impressive waterfalls.
Visa requirements for Colombian citizens
Visa requirements for Colombian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Colombia.

As of 2025, Colombian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 131 countries and territories, ranking the Colombian passport 40th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

Citizens of Colombia do not need a passport when travelling to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. For these countries, they may use just their national identification cards.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
Iguape War
The Iguape War (Portuguese: Guerra de Iguape) occurred during 1534-1536, in the region of São Vicente, São Paulo. Due to the interpretation of the Treaty of Tordesilhas, some Spaniards, led by Ruy Garcia de Moschera, established themselves around Vicentina. They were allied with indigenous Carijós, founded a village (a I-Caa-Para) and won several battles against French corsairs.

When Portuguese forces faced the Spanish contingent, they were promptly defeated. Subsequently, Garcia de Moschera and his followers occupied and looted São Vicente, including carrying away the livro de tombo (parish log). Notwithstanding, after repeated incursions the Portuguese forced the Spanish forces to retreat, first to Ilha de Santa Catarina, and after that to Buenos Aires.

Paranaguá
Paranaguá (Tupi, 'Great Round Sea') is a city in the state of Paraná in Brazil. Founded in 1648, it is Paraná's oldest city. It is known for the Port of Paranaguá, which serves as both the sea link for Curitiba, 110 kilometres (68 mi) to the west and the capital of Paraná, and as one of the largest ports of Brazil.

As of 2020, the city has an estimated population of 156,174 and a population density of 169.92 persons per km2, making it the tenth most populated city in the state of Paraná. The total area of the city is 826.674 km2 (319.18 sq mi).
Howatt
Howatt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charlie Howatt, Canadian political candidate

Cornelius Howatt (1810–1895), farmer and political figure in Prince Edward Island

Garry Howatt (born 1952), Canadian ice hockey player

Hubert Howatt (1867–1919), farmer and political figure on Prince Edward Island

John Howatt Bell (1846–1929), lawyer and politician, 14th Premier of Prince Edward Island

Lester Alexander Howatt (1909–1994), American businessman and politician

Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election
The Green Party of Canada ran a full slate of 308 candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election. Some of these candidates have separate biography pages; relevant information about other candidates may be found here.

The candidates are listed by province and riding name.
Baron Montalembert (1795 ship)
Baron Montalembert (or Baron Montelambert, or Montlambert, or Montelambert, or other variations) was launched in France in 1784, probably under another name. She was taken in prize, and first appeared in Lloyd's List in 1795, sailing as a West Indiaman. Between 1799 and 1802 she made two voyages from Liverpool as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She was lost in 1802 during her second voyage transporting enslaved people, together with probably all of the captives she was carrying.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Ceratodontes
Ceratodontes (from Greek: κέρατο, romanized: kérato, lit. 'horn' and Ancient Greek: ὀδόντες, romanized: odóntes, lit. 'teeth') or cornudentes (from Latin: cornū, lit. 'horn' and Latin: dentēs, lit. 'teeth') are structures consisting of keratin, located in the mouth cavity, which functionally serve as teeth. They develop, unlike osseous teeth, through cornification of the epithelium of the oral mucosa.

Mouth
A mouth, also referred to as the oral, is the body orifice through which many animals ingest food and vocalize. The body cavity immediately behind the mouth opening, known as the oral cavity (or cavum oris in Latin), is also the first part of the alimentary canal, which leads to the pharynx and the gullet. In tetrapod vertebrates, the mouth is bounded on the outside by the lips and cheeks — thus the oral cavity is also known as the buccal cavity (from Latin bucca, meaning "cheek") — and contains the tongue on the inside. Except for some groups like birds and lissamphibians, vertebrates usually have teeth in their mouths, although some fish species have pharyngeal teeth instead of oral teeth.

Most bilaterian phyla, including arthropods, molluscs and chordates, have a two-opening gut tube with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. Which end forms first in ontogeny is a criterion used to classify bilaterian animals into protostomes and deuterostomes.
Vladimir III of Kiev
Vladimir III Mstislavich (1132–1171) was a prince of Dorogobuzh (1150–1154; 1170–1171), Vladimir and Volyn (1154–1157), Slutsk (1162), Trypillia (1162–1168) and Grand Prince of Kiev (1171). He was the son of Mstislav I Vladimirovich. Vladimir was the grandson of Vladimir Monomakh.

Dorogobuzh
Dorogobuzh (Russian: Дорогобуж; Belarusian: Дарагабуж) is a historic town and the administrative center of Dorogobuzhsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, straddling the Dnieper River and located 125 kilometers (78 mi) east of Smolensk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  10,720 (2010 Census); 12,250 (2002 Census); 12,254 (1989 Soviet census).
Staw Kunowski
Staw Kunowski [ˈstaf kuˈnɔfski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brody, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Brody, 15 km (9 mi) east of Starachowice, and 47 km (29 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Starachowice
Starachowice [staraxɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] ⓘ is a city in southeastern Poland (historic Lesser Poland), with 49,513 inhabitants (31.12.2017). It is the capital of Starachowice County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It is situated upon the River Kamienna, a tributary of the Vistula River, among hills and forests.
Hurricane Ernesto (2024)
Hurricane Ernesto was a moderately strong Atlantic hurricane that caused significant flooding in Puerto Rico before striking Bermuda as a hurricane, becoming the second-wettest tropical cyclone in the territory on record. The fifth named storm and third hurricane of the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season, Ernesto developed from a tropical wave east of the Leeward Islands. The storm moved towards the Antilles, impacting several nations. Ernesto then turned north, where it reached Category 2 strength, before making landfall in Bermuda as a Category 1 hurricane on August 17. Ernesto then weakened back to a tropical storm before intensifying back into a hurricane and brushing Atlantic Canada, becoming extratropical by August 20.

At least three deaths have been tied to Ernesto, all related to rip currents from the hurricane along the East Coast of the United States and $520 million in damages were done by Ernesto.

Anguilla
Anguilla is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin. The territory consists of the main island of Anguilla, approximately 16 miles (26 kilometres) long by 3 miles (5 km) wide at its widest point, together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population. The territory's capital is The Valley. The total land area of the territory is 35 square miles (91 km2), with a population of approximately 15,753 in 2021.
Jacques Cariou
Jacques Cariou (23 September 1870 – 7 October 1931) was a French show jumping champion and military officer. Cariou participated at the 1912 Summer Olympics held in Stockholm, where he won a gold medal in the individual jumping, a silver medal in team jumping with the horse Mignon, and a bronze medal in individual three-day eventing with the horse Cocotte.

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada (JNTU Kakinada) is a public university in Kakinada of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of India's universities focusing on engineering. The university has been accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) of the University Grants Commission (UGC) with an "A+" grade. JNTU Kakinada is known for its EAMCET entrance test where over 250,000 students take the test every year for around 600 seats in its undergraduate engineering courses. All the selected top candidates for engineering programs enroll at the University College of Engineering (Autonomous) Kakinada.

National Assessment and Accreditation Council
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a public autonomous body of the government of India that assesses and accredits higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. It is funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bengaluru.
Galleria Shopping Centre (Perth)
Galleria Shopping Centre (formerly known as Westfield Galleria, Centro Galleria and Galleria) is a shopping centre in Morley, about 8 kilometres (5 mi) northeast of the Perth central business district. It is the fifth largest shopping centre in Western Australia, with several major retailers and approximately 300 specialty retailers.

The present centre was constructed in stages between 1988 with Coles and Kmart Australia opening, and in 1994 with the addition of Greater Union and Myer. In 2008 a new area on level 2 was constructed for Rebel Sports. Although plans for a major redevelopment were first announced in 2013, construction only commenced in September 2025, with completion expected in 2026.

Kmart Australia
Kmart Australia Limited (/ˈkeɪmɑːrt/ KAY-mart), trading as Kmart, is an Australian chain of discount department stores owned by the Kmart Group division of Wesfarmers. Kmart operates stores in Australia and New Zealand and is part of the Kmart Group alongside Target Australia.

Kmart was established in 1969 with the opening of its first store at Burwood East, Victoria. In the 2010s, the chain undertook a major merchandising and store-layout redesign under Wesfarmers, expanding the role of private-label products (including its dominant house brand Anko) and increasing emphasis on everyday low pricing.
Jonathan Axelrod
Jonathan Axelrod (July 9, 1949 – June 13, 2024) was an American television producer and screenwriter. Axelrod wrote for film Every Little Crook and Nanny (1972). He was executive producer on the television series Dave's World. Axelrod produced movies for the Hallmark Channel.

Born in New York City on July 9, 1949, Axelrod died in Los Angeles on June 13, 2024, at the age of 74.

Every Little Crook and Nanny
Every Little Crook and Nanny is a 1972 comedy film starring Victor Mature who came out of retirement to play the role. It was his first major film role since 1966. "They caught me when I felt like saying yeah," said Mature.

The title is a Spoonerism on the old phrase, "Every little nook and cranny."
Muhammad of Layzan
Muhammad was second Shah of Layzan whose father was first Layzanshah Yazid ibn Khalid, a member of junior branch of Yazidids. He was nephew of first independent Shirvanshah Haytham I.

Nothing about his reign is known in sources except for that his "rule lasted a long time, his prestige grew and his affairs prospered". He was thought to be a Shirvanshah earlier because of a confusing note left by al-Masudi who mentioned that it was Muhammad ibn Yazid that annexed principalities of Khursān (lands south to Derbent) and Vardān (north of Quba). According to Vladimir Minorsky, this confusion is a result of both father and son of Abu Tahir Yazid having same name.

Muhammad of Layzan was clearly from a different branch and not Shirvanshah and probably died c. 917.

Lahıc, Ismailli
Lahıc (Azerbaijani: Lahıc, Tat: Löhij) is a village and municipality on the southern slopes of Greater Caucasus within the Ismailli Rayon of Azerbaijan. Population is approximately 860 people who speak the Tat language, also known as Tati Persian, a Southwestern Iranian language spoken by the Tats of Azerbaijan and Russia.

Lahij is a notable place in Azerbaijan, with its authentic handicrafts traditions, particularly related to copper. The village's carpet and rug crafts are also well known in Azerbaijan and the South Caucasus. Lahij has an old sewage system (some experts claim that it was built 1000–1500 years ago). Due to frequent earthquakes local people have developed sophisticated and authentic construction techniques.