hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johan Frederik Steffensen
Johan Frederik Steffensen (28 February 1873, in Copenhagen – 20 December 1961) was a Danish mathematician, statistician, and actuary who did research in the fields of calculus of finite differences and interpolation. He was professor of actuarial science at the University of Copenhagen from 1923 to 1943.  Steffensen's inequality and Steffensen's method (an iterative numerical method) are named after him. He was an Invited Speaker at the 1912 International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Cambridge, England and at the 1924 ICM in Toronto.

... His more important works included the theory of statistics (1923), interpolation (1925), insurance mathematics (1934) and the calculation of interest (1936). ... He was President of the Danish Actuarial Society in 1922-24 and 1930-33, and of the Danish Mathematical Society in 1930-36 ...

International Congress of Mathematicians
The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) is the largest conference for the topic of mathematics. It meets once every four years, hosted by the International Mathematical Union (IMU).

The Fields Medals, the IMU Abacus Medal (known before 2022 as the Nevanlinna Prize), the Gauss Prize, and the Chern Medal are awarded during the congress's opening ceremony. Each congress is memorialized by a printed set of Proceedings recording academic papers based on invited talks intended to be relevant to current topics of general interest. Being invited to talk at the ICM has been called "the equivalent ... of an induction to a hall of fame".
Brownhill (surname)
Brownhill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Brownhill (born 1935), Australian politician

Josh Brownhill (born 1995), English footballer

Thomas Brownhill (1838–1915), English cricketer

Thomas Robson Brownhill (1821–1864), English comedian and actor

Frederick Robson
Frederick Robson, born Thomas Frederick Brownbill (22 February 1821 – 12 August 1864)
 was an English comedian, actor and ballad singer. During his acting career, he combined outstanding comic gifts with the power of moving an audience to a sense of tragedy or pathos.  Although Robson's career spanned more than two decades, the period of his greatest success was at the Olympic Theatre, beginning in 1853 and lasting only a few years.
Whitney Mercilus
Whitney Mercilus (MER-sih-lus; born July 21, 1990) is an American former professional football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 10 seasons, primarily with the Houston Texans. He played college football for the Illinois Fighting Illini, where he won the Ted Hendricks Award and the Bill Willis Trophy, and was selected by the Texans in the first round of the 2012 NFL draft. Mercilus spent the entirety of his first nine seasons with Houston, earning a second-team All-Pro selection in 2016. After being released by the Texans early into the 2021 season, he last played for the Green Bay Packers.

Wade Phillips
Harold Wade Phillips (born June 21, 1947) is an American football coach. He has served as the head coach of the Denver Broncos, Buffalo Bills, Dallas Cowboys, Houston Roughnecks, and San Antonio Brahmas. He has also served as an interim head coach for the New Orleans Saints, Atlanta Falcons, and Houston Texans. Additionally, Phillips has long been considered to be among the best defensive coordinators in the NFL. In his long career, he has served as defensive coordinator in eight separate stints with seven different franchises (twice with the Denver Broncos). Multiple players under Phillips' system have won Defensive Player of the Year: Reggie White, Bryce Paup, Bruce Smith, J. J. Watt, and Aaron Donald. Others under Phillips have won Defensive Rookie of the Year: Mike Croel and Shawne Merriman. In Phillips' lone Super Bowl victory, a defensive player would be named Super Bowl MVP: Von Miller.
Signal Butte
Signal Butte is a major prehistoric archaeological site in rural western Nebraska, United States.  Designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 25SF1, it was one of the first pre-contact Native American sites to be formally investigated in the central plains.  The archaeological sites are located atop the eponymous butte west of Robidoux Pass and Gering, Nebraska.  It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.  The site is not open to the public.

Gering, Nebraska
Gering is a city in and the county seat of Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska, United States, in the Panhandle region of the state. The population was 8,564 at the 2020 census, making it the 17th most populous city in Nebraska.
Martino da Canal
Martino da Canal was a 13th-century Venetian chronicler, whose only known work is the so-called Les estoires de Venise, a French chronicle of the history of Venice from its beginnings to 1275. It is particularly valuable for Canal's depiction of events during his own lifetime, particularly during the years 1267–1275, when he was at Venice.

History of the Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice (Venetian: Repùblega Vèneta; Italian: Repubblica di Venezia) was a sovereign state and maritime republic in Northeast Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and 1797.

It was based in the lagoon communities of the historically prosperous city of Venice, and was a leading European economic and trading power during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the most successful of Italy's maritime republics. By the late Middle Ages, it held significant territories in the mainland of northern Italy, known as the Domini di Terraferma, along with most of the Dalmatian coast on the other side of the Adriatic Sea, and Crete and numerous small colonies around the Mediterranean Sea, together known as the Stato da Màr.

A slow political and economic decline had begun by around 1500, and by the 18th century the city of Venice largely depended on the tourist trade, as it still does, and the Stato da Màr was largely lost.
Stan Zadel
Stanley Zadel (April 8, 1916 – October 21, 1982) was a professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball League for the Sheboygan Red Skins for ten games in one season, then played for the Chicago Bruins in 18 games the following season. In 28 career games, he averaged 5.0 points per game.

Chicago Bruins
The Chicago Bruins were an American basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois. Owned by Chicago Bears football team owner George Halas, the Bruins were a member of the American Basketball League, a league that also featured other National Football League team owners and run by NFL President Joseph  Carr. Among the team's players were Bears quarterback Laurie Walquist and future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Nat Holman.

The team later played in the National Basketball League (1939–1942) and World Professional Basketball Tournament.
Basketball at the 1979 Pan American Games
Basketball competitions at the 1979 Pan American Games in San Juan, Puerto Rico began on July 2 and continued through July 13. The preliminary rounds were held at the Canovanas Coliseum and the Cancha Pepín Cestero, while the final round was held at the Roberto Clemente Coliseum.

Roberto Clemente Coliseum
Roberto Clemente Coliseum (Spanish: Coliseo Roberto Clemente) is a sports and concert arena located in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It was, for many years, Puerto Rico's largest indoor event facility, and remains one of the largest.
Pyoco Pyoco Ultra
"Pyoco Pyoco Ultra" (ピョコピョコ ウルトラ, Pyokopyoko urutora, "Bouncy Bouncy Ultra" or "Peep Peep Ultra") is the 48th single by the J-pop group Morning Musume, released in Japan on January 25, 2012 on the Zetima label.

Risa Niigaki
Risa Niigaki (新垣 里沙, Niigaki Risa; born October 20, 1988) is a Japanese actress and singer. She was a fifth-generation member of the Japanese pop group Morning Musume. She joined Morning Musume in 2001 along with 3 others- Ai Takahashi, Asami Konno and Makoto Ogawa. She grew up in Yokohama after moving there at the age of six. She was one of the longest serving members of Morning Musume, and was the leader of the group from October 2011 to her graduation on May 18, 2012.
Cot Valley
Cot Valley is located half-a-mile south of St Just in west Cornwall, United Kingdom. It has a very mild microclimate.

The stream which runs down the valley discharges into the Atlantic Ocean at Nanven. This area of Cornwall was once mined for tin (see Mining in Cornwall for details) as evidenced today by the ruins along the stream.

There is a settlement in Cot Valley and a youth hostel. The valley is secluded and is home to a variety of wildlife. Birdwatchers visit in autumn to see rare vagrants and migratory birds. More recently Cornish choughs have been seen in the valley; other birds regularly seen include buzzards, tawny owls, and stonechats. From the mouth of the valley at Porth Nanven, seals are frequently seen and occasionally dolphins and basking sharks.

Youth Hostels Association (England & Wales)
The Youth Hostels Association (England & Wales) is a charitable organisation, registered with the Charity Commission, providing youth hostel accommodation in England and Wales. It is a member of the Hostelling International federation.
David Gratzer
David George Gratzer (born September 5, 1974) is a physician, columnist, author, Congressional expert witness; he was a senior fellow at both the Manhattan Institute and the Montreal Economic Institute. Though he has written essays on topics as diverse as obesity and political campaigns, he is best known for his first book, published by ECW Press, when he was just 24: Code Blue: Reviving Canada's Health Care System. That book won the Donner Prize established by the  Donner Canadian Foundation and was a national bestseller in his native Canada. Gratzer is a critic of the Canadian health care system, and of U.S. President Barack Obama's health care reform proposals. Gratzer was health care policy advisor to Rudy Giuliani's 2008 presidential campaign.

ECW Press
ECW Press is a Canadian book publisher located in Toronto, Ontario.  It was founded by Jack David and Robert Lecker in 1974 as a Canadian literary magazine named Essays on Canadian Writing.  They started publishing trade and scholarly books in 1979.

ECW Press publishes a range of books in fiction, non-fiction, poetry, sport, and pop culture. In 2015, Publishers Weekly listed ECW Press as one of the fastest-growing independent publishers in North America.
USS Jimmy Carter
USS Jimmy Carter (SSN-23) is the third and final Seawolf-class nuclear-powered fast-attack submarine in the United States Navy. Commissioned in 2005, she is named for the 39th president of the United States, Jimmy Carter, the only president to have qualified on submarines. The only submarine to have been named for a then living president, Jimmy Carter is also one of the few vessels, and only the third submarine of the US Navy, to have been named for a living person. Extensively modified from the original design of her class, she is sometimes described as a subclass unto herself.

James Bamford
James Bamford (born September 15, 1946) is an American author, journalist and documentary producer noted for his writing about United States intelligence agencies, especially the National Security Agency (NSA). The New York Times has called him "the nation's premier journalist on the subject of the National Security Agency" and The New Yorker named him "the NSA's chief chronicler."

In 2006, he won the National Magazine Award for Reporting for his writing on the war in Iraq published in Rolling Stone.

In 2015 he became the national security columnist for Foreign Policy magazine and he also writes for The New Republic.  His book, The Shadow Factory: The Ultra-Secret NSA From 9/11 to the Eavesdropping on America, became a New York Times bestseller and was named by The Washington Post as one of "The Best Books of the Year."
Provisional Political Bylaws of the Mexican Empire
The Provisional Political Regulation of the Mexican Empire were political regulations that governed the early days of the nation of Mexican Empire. It granted effect to the laws, orders and regulations promulgated until February 24, 1821, with the Plan of Iguala; as well as the laws, orders and decrees issued in consequence of the Independence of Mexico with the triumphant entry of the Trigarante Army in Mexico City.

The Regulation consisted of a preamble and an article divided into eight sections, which in turn were divided into chapters and further into articles, with the exception of article 25, which hosted the 15 bases contained in the imperial decree of November 2, 1822.

Army of the Three Guarantees
At the end of the Mexican War of Independence, the Army of the Three Guarantees (Spanish: Ejército Trigarante or Ejército de las Tres Garantías) was the name given to the army after the unification of the Spanish troops led by Agustín de Iturbide and the Mexican insurgent troops of Vicente Guerrero, consolidating Mexico's independence from Spain. The decree creating this army appeared in the Plan de Iguala, which stated the three guarantees which it was meant to defend were religion, independence and unity. Mexico was to be a Catholic empire, independent from Spain, and united against its enemies.
51st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The 51st Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was a regiment of infantry that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was assigned to Major General John G. Foster's Department of North Carolina, later designated as the XVIII Corps. While based in New Bern, North Carolina, the 51st Massachusetts took part in several expeditions involving numerous units from Foster's command and were engaged in the Battle of Kinston, the Battle of White Hall and the Battle of Goldsborough Bridge, among other engagements.

Department of Virginia and North Carolina
The Department of Virginia and North Carolina was a United States Military department encompassing Union-occupied territory in the Confederate States during the Civil War.  In 1863, it was formed by the merging of two previously existing departments: the Department of Virginia and the Department of North Carolina.  In 1865, the two departments were once again separated.
Nick Finch
Nick Finch is a former sheriff of Liberty County, Florida. He is a member of the Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association as well as the Posse Comitatus group, who believed that sheriffs are the ultimate arbiters of constitutionality in the United States.

Constitutionality
Constitutionality is the quality of being acceptable under a supreme law with regard to the status of a norm, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the constitution set forth by an applicable jurisdiction. Laws, procedures, or acts that directly violate the constitution are considered unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless deemed otherwise by a legitimate authority and through a legitimate mechanism.
Stephan Toscani
Stephan Toscani (born 21 February 1967 in Saarbrücken) is a German politician from the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). He has been a member of the Landtag of Saarland since 1999. Since May 2022, he has been the state chairman of the CDU Saar and the parliamentary group leader of his party, thus also serving as the opposition leader in the state parliament.

Previously, he served as State Minister in various ministries of Saarland from 2009 to 2018 and subsequently as President of the Saarland State Parliament until 2022.

Minister of State
Minister of state is a designation for a government minister, with varying meanings in different jurisdictions. In a number of European countries, the title is given as an honorific conferring a higher rank, often bestowed upon senior ministers. Conversely, in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries, "minister of state" is a junior rank, subordinate to a minister of higher rank. Finally, in other countries such as Australia, Brazil and Japan, all government ministers hold the title of "minister of state".
Marcia Scacchi
Marcia Scacchi (born 29 January 1982) is an Argentine female volleyball player. She is part of the Argentina women's national volleyball team, fué profesora del reconocido barbero y estilista Tomás Leguizamón.
Fue entrenadora del jugador profesional Bruno Cagna en el Club De San Telmo.

She participated in the 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.
At club level she played for GER in 2015.An she was the teacher of Tomas leguimarmol

2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix was the 23rd edition of the annual women's international volleyball tournament played by 28 countries from 26 June to 2 August 2015. This was the first time that the Group 1 final round was held in Omaha, Nebraska, United States.
Bolde Fediche
Bolde Fhediche (Nepali: बाेल्दे फेदिचे) is a village development committee in Kabhrepalanchok District in Bagmati Province of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 2,041 and had 470 houses in it.

Bagmati Province
Bagmati Province (Nepali: बागमती प्रदेश, Bāgmatī pradēśa) is one of the seven provinces of Nepal established by the constitution of Nepal. Bagmati is Nepal's foremost populous province and fifth largest province by area. It is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the west, Koshi Province to the east, Madhesh Province and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. With Hetauda as its provincial headquarters, the province is also the home to the country's capital Kathmandu, is mostly hilly and mountainous, and hosts mountain peaks including Gaurishankar, Langtang, Jugal, and Ganesh.

Being the most populous province of Nepal, it possesses rich cultural diversity with resident communities and castes including Thami (Thangmi), Newar, Tamang, Sherpa, Tharu, Chepang, Jirel, Brahmin, Chhetri, and more. It hosted the highest number of voters in the 2017 election for the House of Representatives and Provincial Assembly.
HD 22781
HD 22781, is a single star about 106 light-years away. It is a K-type main-sequence star. The star’s age is poorly constrained at 4.14±3.63 billion years, but is likely similar to that of the Sun. HD 22781 is heavily depleted in heavy elements, having just 45% of Sun's concentration of iron, yet is comparatively rich in carbon, having 90% of Sun's abundance.

An imaging survey in 2012 has failed to find any stellar companions, suggesting HD 22781 is a single star.

Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.
Mysteries at the Monument
Mysteries at the Monument (formerly Monumental Mysteries)  is an American reality television series hosted by Don Wildman and airing on the Travel Channel. The show uncovers stories of history and unsolved mysteries behind America's national monuments. The series premiered on May 9, 2013, at 9:00 p.m. EST. The second season aired on June 13, 2014, at 9:00 p.m. EST. For Season 3, which premiered July 3, 2015, the series was renamed.

Travel Channel
Travel Channel (stylized as Trvl Channel since 2018) is an American pay television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, who previously owned the channel from 1997 to 2007. The channel is headquartered in Manhattan, with offices in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Knoxville, Tennessee.

Travel Channel features documentaries, reality, and how-to shows related to travel and leisure around the United States and throughout the world. Programming has included shows on African animal safaris, tours of grand hotels and resorts, visits to significant cities and towns around the world, programming about various foods around the world, and programming about ghosts and the paranormal in notable buildings.

As of November 2023, Travel Channel is available to approximately 67,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2011 peak of 96,000,000 households.
JS Kabylie in African football
Jeunesse Sportive de Kabylie, an Algerian professional football club based in Tizi Ouzou, Kabylia, has gained entry to Confederation of African Football (CAF) competitions on 31 occasions. The Kabyle club has represented Algeria in the CAF Champions League on 18 occasions, the CAF Confederation Cup on five occasions, the now-defunct African Cup Winners' Cup on two occasions, the now-defunct CAF Cup on four occasions, the CAF Super Cup on one occasion and the African Super Cup (non-CAF) on one occasion.

Kabylia
Kabylia or Kabylie (/kəˈbɪliə/; Arabic: منطقة القبائل, lit. 'Area of the Tribes') is a mountainous coastal region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of the Tell Atlas mountain range and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean.

Kabylia covers two provinces of Algeria: Tizi Ouzou and Béjaïa. Gouraya National Park and Djurdjura National Park are also located in Kabylia.
Cecil Hewlett
Cecil E. Hewlett was an Antiguan politician, who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 11 February 1971 before resigning in November 1975. Hewlett left the post to serve on the West Indies Associated States Supreme Court. Hewlett was also a lawyer who practiced before said court. He also served in the legal service of Ghana. Hewlett presided over the 5th legislature of Antigua and Barbuda, the first legislature in Antiguan and Barbudan history that was not controlled by the Labour Party.

Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
The Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is a superior court of record for the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), including six independent states: Antigua and Barbuda, the Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and three British Overseas Territories (Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, and Montserrat). It has unlimited jurisdiction in each member State.
Vuolijoki
Vuolijoki (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈʋuo̯liˌjoki]) is a former municipality in Finland. The municipality was consolidated with the city of Kajaani in the beginning of year 2007.

Vuolijoki was located in the province of Oulu on the shores of Lake Oulujärvi, and was part of the Kainuu region. In 2004 the municipality had a population of 2,643 and covered an area of 895.20 km2 of which 203.05 km2 was water. The population density was 3.8 inhabitants per km2. The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

The 1906 greystone church, the Vuolijoki Church, designed by Josef Stenbäck, is located in the church village of Vuolijoki. The Vuolijoki was also known for its two iron mines: the Otanmäki mine and the Vuorokas mine.

Josef Stenbäck
Josef Daniel Stenbäck (May 2, 1854, Alavus — April 27, 1929, Helsinki) was a Finnish church architect and engineer. He designed 35 churches for Finland, which until 1917 was part of the Russian Empire. Four of the churches were located in the current Russian territory of the Karelian Isthmus, ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944. Stenbäck's churches represent Romantic nationalism or Gothic Revival. One of his most famous works is the Juselius Mausoleum.