hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Literal movement grammar
In linguistics and theoretical computer science, literal movement grammars (LMGs) are a grammar formalism intended to characterize certain extraposition phenomena of natural language such as topicalization and cross-serial dependency. LMGs extend the class of context free grammars (CFGs) by adding introducing pattern-matched function-like rewrite semantics, as well as the operations of variable binding and slash deletion. LMGs were introduced by A.V. Groenink in 1995.

Extraposition
Extraposition is a mechanism of syntax that alters word order in such a manner that a relatively "heavy" constituent appears to the right of its canonical position. Extraposing a constituent results in a discontinuity and in this regard, it is unlike shifting, which does not generate a discontinuity. The extraposed constituent is separated from its governor by one or more words that dominate its governor. Two types of extraposition are acknowledged in theoretical syntax: standard cases where extraposition is optional and it-extraposition where extraposition is obligatory. Extraposition is motivated in part by a desire to reduce center embedding by increasing right-branching and thus easing processing, center-embedded structures being more difficult to process. Extraposition occurs frequently in English and related languages.
WWXM
WWXM (97.7 FM) is a top 40 (CHR) station licensed to Garden City, South Carolina and serves the Grand Strand area. The iHeartMedia, Inc. outlet is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to broadcast with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100 kW. The station goes by the name Mix 97.7. Its studios are located on the U.S. 17 Bypass in Myrtle Beach, and its transmitter is in Murrells Inlet.

Grand Strand
The Grand Strand is an arc of beach land on the Atlantic Ocean in South Carolina, United States, extending more than 60 miles (97 km) from Little River to Winyah Bay. It is located in Horry and Georgetown Counties on the northeastern South Carolina coast.

The term Grand Strand dates back to a November 19, 1949 The Myrtle Beach Sun column, "From the Grandstrand" and another titled "From the Grand Strand" on December 3, 1949, in The Myrtle Beach News.

The area has become a major tourist attraction along the Southeastern coast, attracting 20.6 million visitors in 2019. The area, whose primary city is Myrtle Beach, is home to numerous hotels, golf resorts, and recreational centers, making it popular with families and college students during the summers and winters.
Samir Kafity
Samir Hanna Kaffity  (21 September 1932 – 21 August 2015) was a Palestinian Anglican bishop.

He was educated at the American University of Beirut and ordained in 1959. He was parish priest to the Palestinian congregation at St. George's Cathedral, Jerusalem and then held further incumbencies at St Andrew's Ramallah, St Peter's, Bir Zeit, and All Saints, Beirut. From 1977 he was a Lecturer at Birzeit University and then Archdeacon of Jerusalem. In 1982 he became Coadjutor Bishop of Jerusalem and two years later the Anglican Bishop in Jerusalem. Between 1984 and 1997, Kaffity was the second Palestinian Arab bishop. He served two five-year terms as the Provincial President-Bishop and Primate.

Since 1999, he had been Bishop-in-Residence at St Bartholomew's Episcopal Church, Poway, in the American state of California. Kafity died at his home in San Diego, California, on 21 August 2015.

American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees.

AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.
2009 Sultan Qaboos Cup
The 2009 Sultan Qaboos Cup was the 37th edition of the Sultan Qaboos Cup (Arabic: كأس السلطان قابوس), the premier knockout tournament for football teams in Oman.

The competition began on 25 September 2009 with the Round of 32 and concluded on 7 December 2009. Al-Suwaiq Club were the defending champions, having won their first title in 2008. Saham SC were crowned the champions of the 2009 Sultan Qaboos Cup, winning the title for the first time. They defeated Dhofar S.C.S.C. 7–6 on penalties after the match had ended 2-2 after extra time.

Salalah
Salalah (Arabic: صَلَالَة, romanized: Ṣalālah) is the capital and largest city of the southern Omani governorate of Dhofar. It has a population close to 331,949.

Salalah is the third-largest city in the Sultanate of Oman, and the largest city in the Dhofar province. Salalah is the birthplace of former Omani Sultan Qaboos bin Said. Salalah attracts many tourists from other parts of Oman and from abroad during the monsoon/khareef season, from June to September. The climate of the region and the monsoon allow the city to grow some vegetables and fruits like coconut and bananas. There are many gardens within the city where these vegetables and fruits grow.
Five Little Monkeys
"Five Little Monkeys"  is an English-language nursery rhyme, children's song, folk song and fingerplay of American origin.  It is usually accompanied by a sequence of gestures that mimic the words of the song.  Each successive verse sequentially counts down from the starting number.

The most common version of the song has a similar tune to the Austrian folk song "Wie Böhmen noch bei Öst'rreich war" and the American folk song Hush, Little Baby. Alternative versions have similar tunes to the first verse of the 1890s folk song "Shortnin' Bread."

Children's song
A children's song may be a nursery rhyme set to music, a song that children invent and share among themselves or a modern creation intended for entertainment, use in the home or education. Although children's songs have been recorded and studied in some cultures more than others, they appear to be universal in human society.

Criteria for a children's song include child-friendly lyrics and a melody appropriate to the lyrics, whose range does not exceed the child's vocal range. Furthermore, the song should be written in a key suitable for the child's voice.

In folklore, the term "children's songs" is sometimes also used to refer to nursery rhymes.
Oujda
Oujda (Arabic: وجدة, romanized: wajda, pronounced [ˈwa(d)ʒda]) is a major city in northeast Morocco near the border with Algeria. Oujda is the largest city and capital of the Oriental region of northeastern Morocco and has a population of 506,224 people (2024 census). It is located about 15 kilometres (9 miles) west of the Moroccan-Algerian border in the south of the Beni Iznassen Mountains and about 55 km (34 miles) south of the Mediterranean coast.

Iznasen
Iznasen (also known as Taznassit and Znassia) is a Berber language, belonging to the Zenati group. It is spoken in the extreme northeast of Morocco, in a speech area near the border of western Algeria.
Sandro Pignatti
Alessandro "Sandro" Pignatti (28 September 1930 – 13 June 2025) was an Italian botanist specialising in pteridophytes and spermatophytes. The Australian plant species Calectasia pignattiana was named after him.  
On 31 May 1991, Pignatti received an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Mathematics and Science at Uppsala University, Sweden.
He was an Honorary Member of the International Association for Vegetation Science (1997).

The specific epithet of the Western Australian plant species, Calectasia pignattiana honoured "Professors Erika and Alessandro Pignatti of Rome on the occasion of their seventieth birthdays".

Pignatti died on 13 June 2025, at the age of 94.

International Association for Vegetation Science
The International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS) promotes contact between scientists and others interested in the study of vegetation ecology, promotes research and publication of research results. In 1939 the International Phytosociological Society (IPS) was founded, with its headquarters in Montpellier, France. After the Second World War it was reconstituted as the Internationale Vereinigung für Vegetationskunde (IVV), which adopted a constitution at the International Botanical Congress of 1954. The current name was adopted in 1981–82.
SRSD
SRSD may stand for:

Seine River School Division in Lorette, Manitoba, Canada

Southern Regional School District in Manahawkin, New Jersey, USA

South Redford School District in Redford, Michigan, USA

Sto-Rox School District in Alleghany County, Pennsylvania, USA

Sto-Rox School District
The Sto-Rox School District is a suburban, public school district in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The district encompasses the borough of McKees Rocks along with Stowe Township. Sto-Rox School District encompasses approximately 3 square miles (7.8 km2). According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 13,330 people. By 2010, the district's population declined to 12,468 people. In 2009, Sto-Rox School District residents' per capita income was $15,833, while the median family income was $33,343 a year. In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010. By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $52,100.

As of 2006, the school districts' official colors changed from Kelly green and white to hunter green and white. The official mascot is the viking.
2025 Cincinnati Open – Men's singles
Carlos Alcaraz won the men's singles tennis title at the 2025 Cincinnati Open after defending champion Jannik Sinner retired in the final, with the score at 5–0. It was his eighth Masters 1000 title and 22nd ATP Tour title overall. Alcaraz was the youngest man to win Cincinnati since Andy Murray in 2008. This was the first time since  2011 that the final ended in a retirement.

Térence Atmane was the first qualifier to reach the tournament's semifinals since Alexandr Dolgopolov in 2015.

2015 Western & Southern Open – Men's singles
Defending champion Roger Federer defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 7–6(7–1), 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2015 Cincinnati Masters. He won the title without losing a set or having his serve broken for the second time, after 2012. It marked the first time Federer defeated the world No. 1 and No. 2 players in consecutive matches en route to a title. It was Djokovic's fifth runner-up finish without winning the title; he would eventually do so in 2018.
2007 Yucatán state election
Local elections were held in the Mexican state of  Yucatán on May 20, 2007. Voters went to the polls to elect on the local level:

a new Governor of Yucatán to serve for a five-year term;

106 municipal presidents (mayors) to serve for a three-year term; and

25 local deputies (15 by the first-past-the-post system and 10 by proportional representation) to serve for a three-year term in the Congress of Yucatán.

Governor of Yucatán
The governor of the State of Yucatan is the head of the executive branch of the Mexican state of Yucatán, elected to a six-year-term and not eligible for reelection.
The figure of the governor is established on the Constitution of the State of Yucatan on its Title Fifth. The term of the Governor begins on October 1 of the year of the election and finishes September 30, six years later.

The same constitution empowers those individuals to be elected governor who have held the title of executive power but in a different way to the popular election, namely the interim, or temporary replacements. The latter has caused controversies and political conflicts, because in the view of several instances is in conflict with a precept of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States that stipulates that no state governor may hold power for more than six years.
White Men Can't Jump (2023 film)
White Men Can't Jump is a 2023 American sports comedy film directed by Calmatic, and written by Kenya Barris and Doug Hall from a story they co-wrote with Ron Shelton. It is a remake of the 1992 film. It stars Sinqua Walls and Jack Harlow, in his acting debut, in the lead roles, alongside Teyana Taylor, Laura Harrier, Vince Staples, Myles Bullock, and Lance Reddick.

The film was released by Hulu on May 19, 2023, and received mixed reviews, with critics comparing it unfavorably to its original counterpart.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
HNLMS Eilerts de Haan
HNLMS Eilerts de Haan was a hydrographic survey vessel created for service with the Royal Netherlands Navy in waters of the Netherlands. The ship was named after Johan Eilerts de Haan, a famous Dutch naval commander that died during the exploration of Surinam, known for his achievements during earlier explorations.

The ship was a more modern sister ship of HNLMS Hydrograaf.

Research vessel
A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles which can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated vessel. Due to the demanding nature of the work, research vessels may be constructed around an icebreaker hull, allowing them to operate in polar waters.
The Best of the Band
The Best of the Band is the first greatest hits package by Canadian-American rock group the Band. Featuring ten tracks taken from six of their first seven albums (not counting 1974's Before the Flood or 1975's The Basement Tapes, both with Bob Dylan), it featured two tracks from the first, second, third and seventh albums, one each from the fourth and fifth, rounded out by the 1976 single "Twilight".

Record World said that "Twilight" "evokes the spirit of some of the group's finer
moments."

Cahoots (album)
Cahoots is the fourth studio album by Canadian-American rock band the Band. It was released on September 15, 1971 to mixed reviews, and was their last album of original material for four years. The album's front cover was painted by New York artist/illustrator Gilbert Stone, while the back cover features a photograph portrait of the group by Richard Avedon. The album features guest vocals from Van Morrison. Libby Titus, the partner of drummer Levon Helm and mother of their daughter Amy Helm, also contributed uncredited backing vocals to "The River Hymn", the first time a woman appeared on a Band album.

Rolling Stone critic Jon Landau described the mood of the album as being "filled with a 'tinge of extinction.'"

In 2021, a "50th Anniversary" edition of the album was released containing a remix of the original tracks plus outtakes and a partial concert recording from the Olympia Theatre, Paris in May 1971.
2019–20 South Carolina State Bulldogs basketball team
The 2019–20 South Carolina State Bulldogs basketball team represented South Carolina State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bulldogs, led by seventh-year head coach Murray Garvin, played their home games at SHM Memorial Center in Orangeburg, South Carolina as members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. They finished the season 11–18, 6–10 in MEAC play to finish in eighth place. They lost in the first round of the MEAC tournament to Howard.

2020 MEAC men's basketball tournament
The 2020 Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. The tournament was scheduled to be held from March 10 through March 14, 2020 at the Norfolk Scope in Norfolk, Virginia. The winner would have received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.

The tournament was canceled on March 12, 2020 after four games had already been played due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The tournament was the last scheduled conference tournament to be canceled.
Coon Bid'ness
Coon Bid'ness is an album released by Julius Hemphill in 1975 on Arista featuring performances by Hemphill, Baikida Carroll, Abdul Wadud, Phillip Wilson, Arthur Blythe, Barry Altschul and Daniel Zebulon. The final track, "The Hard Blues," was recorded at the same recording session as Hemphill's debut album Dogon A.D.. After Hemphill's death in 1995, Freedom Records re-released the album as a CD under the name Reflections.

Regarding the album title, Hemphill recalled: "This was '75, and the title is a reference to minstrel shows. That's a reference to music and an era in which blacks had flowered a little bit. They used to call them coon shows, and stuff. And so I was just getting in some bicentennial licks."

In 2011, writer Greg Tate and musician LaTasha N. Nevada Diggs launched a print on demand magazine titled Coon Bidness, named after the Hemphill album.

Greg Tate
Gregory Stephen Tate (October 14, 1957 – December 7, 2021) was an American writer, musician, and producer. A long-time critic for The Village Voice, Tate focused particularly on African-American music and culture, helping to establish hip-hop as a genre worthy of music criticism. Flyboy in the Buttermilk: Essays on Contemporary America (1992) collected 40 of his works for the Voice and he published a sequel, Flyboy 2, in 2016. A musician himself, he was a founding member of the Black Rock Coalition and the leader of Burnt Sugar.

In 2024, Tate was posthumously awarded a Pulitzer Prize, a Special Citation award.
National Piping Centre
The National Piping Centre is an institution in Glasgow, Scotland, dedicated to the playing of the bagpipes, to include not only the Great Highland Bagpipes, but also the Scottish smallpipes and Irish uileann pipes, as well as other traditional musical instruments.

The institution includes practice spaces, an auditorium, and the Museum of Piping.

In 2018, the National Piping Centre formally merged with the College of Piping, another historic Glasgow-based piping institution, to become the National Piping Centre incorporating the College of Piping, further consolidating its role as a central hub for piping education and heritage in Scotland.

It is located in the Cowcaddens district of the city, in the former Cowcaddens Free Church. The building is Category B listed. Following the merger with the College of Piping, it obtained the College's building on Otago Street, in Glasgow's West End.

Bagpipes
The bagpipe is a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipe is well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, North Africa, West Asia, around the Persian Gulf and northern parts of South Asia.

The term bagpipes is also used, though pipers usually refer to the bagpipes as "the pipes", "a set of pipes" or "a stand of pipes".

Bagpipes are part of the aerophone group because to play the instrument,  air must be blown into it to produce a sound.
Pytest
Pytest is a Python testing framework that originated from the PyPy project. It can be used to write various types of software tests, including unit tests, integration tests, end-to-end tests, and functional tests. Its features include parametrized testing, fixtures, and assert re-writing.

Pytest fixtures provide the contexts for tests by passing in parameter names in test cases; its parametrization eliminates duplicate code for testing multiple sets of input and output; and its rewritten assert statements provide detailed output for causes of failures.

System testing
System testing, a.k.a. end-to-end (E2E) testing, is testing conducted on a complete software system.

System testing describes testing at the system level to contrast to testing at the system integration, integration or unit level.

System testing often serves the purpose of evaluating the system's compliance with its specified requirements  – often from a functional requirement specification (FRS), a system requirement specification (SRS), another type of specification or multiple.

System testing can detect defects in the system as a whole.

System testing can verify the design, the behavior and even the believed expectations of the customer. It is also intended to test up to and beyond the bounds of specified software and hardware requirements.
Hemipeplus harkoneni
Hemipeplus harkoneni is a species of beetle in the family Mycteridae, subfamily Hemipeplinae. The species is known from several islands in the Philippines, including Luzon, Mindoro, and Leyte and Malaysia (Sarawak), where it has been collected from Cocos nucifera, Nypa fruticans and light traps.

Mindoro
Mindoro is the seventh largest and eighth-most populous island in the Philippines. With a total land area of 10,571 km2 ( 4,082 sq.mi ), it has a population of 1,430,921, as of the 2024 census. It is located off the southwestern coast of Luzon and northeast of Palawan. Mindoro is divided into two provinces: Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro. Calapan is the only city on the island and largest settlement on the island with a total population of 148,558 inhabitants as of 2024. The  southern coast of  Kristine Mindoro forms the northeastern extremum of the Sulu Sea. Mount Halcon is the highest point on the island, standing at 8,484 feet (2,586 m) above sea level located in Oriental Mindoro. Mount Baco is the island's second highest mountain with an elevation of 8,163 feet (2,488 m), located in the province of Occidental Mindoro.
Grand Lake St. Marys Lighthouse
The Grand Lake St. Marys Lighthouse, also known as the "Northwoods Lighthouse", is a historic lighthouse on Grand Lake St. Marys, a reservoir in the far western part of the U.S. state of Ohio.  Located east of the city of Celina in Mercer County, the lighthouse was built in 1923, using a plan modeled after the Eddystone Lighthouse off the coast of Cornwall in the United Kingdom.

Grand Lake St. Marys State Park
Grand Lake St. Marys State Park is a public recreation area located on 13,500-acre (5,500 ha) Grand Lake in Mercer and Auglaize counties, Ohio. Grand Lake is the largest inland lake in Ohio in terms of area, but is shallow, with an average depth of only 5–7 feet (1.5–2.1 m). The state park is open for year-round recreation, including boating, fishing, swimming and hunting. The park consists of the lake and park facilities scattered all around the shore intermingled with private property and a facility operated by Wright State University. It is west of St. Marys, and southeast of Celina, 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Lima in the northwestern part of the state.