hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
IPCS
IPCS (or ipcs) can refer to:

The Institute of Postcolonial Studies, an independent educational and research institution in Melbourne

Institution of Professional Civil Servants, a former British trade union

International Programme on Chemical Safety, a United Nations organization

ipcs, a UNIX command

Interactive Problem Control System, a dump-reading facility in OS/360 and successors

The International Playing-Card Society

International Playing-Card Society
The International Playing-Card Society (IPCS) is a non-profit organisation for those interested in playing cards, their design, and their history. While many of its members are collectors of playing cards, they also include historians of playing cards and their uses, particularly card games and their history.

The IPCS is based in the United Kingdom, but has members worldwide, especially in Europe. It produces a quarterly journal The Playing-Card, which publishes articles mostly in English but also in French, German, Italian and Spanish. It also publishes occasional monographs called "IPCS Papers", and issues pattern sheets that systematize types of standard playing-card design.
Ilya Ilyich Kazas
Ilya Illych Kazas (Russian: Казас, Илья Ильич, Hebrew: אליהו בן אליה קזז: Eliyahu ben Eliya Kazaz) b.11(23) March 1832 Armyansk – d.14(27) January 1912 Yevpatoria, was an outstanding educator, teacher and poet among the Crimean Karaites. Despite coming from a simple family background, he became one of the most prominent members of Crimea's Karaim community in his era. Ilya Kazas was a highly educated man who knew 11 languages, including 4 ancients.

Armiansk
Armiansk (Ukrainian: Армянськ [ɐrˈmʲɑnʲsʲk] ⓘ; Russian: Армянск; Armenian: Արմյանսկ; Crimean Tatar: Ermeni Bazar) is a city of regional significance in the northern Crimean peninsula. The status of Crimea has been disputed by Ukraine and Russia since February 2014. Armiansk is located on the Isthmus of Perekop and serves as the administrative center of the Armiansk Municipality. Population: 21,987 (2014 Census).
Jules Humbert-Droz
Jules-Frédéric Humbert-Droz (23 September 1891 in La Chaux-de-Fonds – 16 October 1971) was a Swiss pastor, journalist, socialist and communist. A founding member of the Communist Party of Switzerland, he held high Comintern office through the 1920s and also acted as Comintern emissary to several west European countries. He was involved in the Right Opposition in 1928. He rejoined the Swiss Socialist Party in the 1940s and served as its secretary from 1946 to 1965.

Communist Party of Switzerland
The Communist Party of Switzerland (German: Kommunistische Partei der Schweiz; KPS) or Swiss Communist Party (French: Parti communiste suisse; Italian: Partito Comunista Svizzero; PCS) was a communist party in Switzerland between 1921 and 1944. It was the Swiss section of the Communist International (Comintern).
Opportunity NYC
Opportunity NYC was an experimental conditional cash transfer program (CCT) by the Mayor of New York City, Michael Bloomberg. Announced in April 2007, it was the first CCT program to be launched in the United States. Its initial phases were funded by a number of private partners including the Rockefeller Foundation, Robin Hood Foundation, the Open Society Institute, Starr Foundation, AIG, and Mayor Bloomberg's own Bloomberg Family Foundation. The program is being evaluated by MDRC, a nonprofit research firm, using a random assignment research design. Opportunity NYC was administered by Seedco, a nonprofit community development organization. The program ended on 31 August 2010.

Starr Foundation
The Starr Foundation was established in 1955 by Cornelius Vander Starr, an insurance entrepreneur who founded C.V. Starr & Co. and other companies later combined by his successor, Maurice R. Greenberg, into what became the American International Group.  Starr, a pioneer of globalization, set up his first insurance venture in Shanghai in 1919. Upon his death in 1968 his estate was passed on to the foundation. Today, it gives between US$100 million and $200 million each year to charities and causes globally.

The foundation, once one of the largest in the country with an endowment of some $6 billion in 2000, has disbursed over $3.8 billion since its founding.  As of 2024, it had assets of $1.7 billion. It specializes in Asian arts and cultural philanthropy, but also makes grants in other areas, including education, medicine and healthcare, and public policy.

The foundation is no longer affiliated with AIG.
Reusser
Reusser is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eugene Reusser (1922–2010), American football coach

Francis Reusser (1942–2020), Swiss film director

Kenneth L. Reusser (1920–2009), United States Marine Corps aviator

Marlen Reusser (born 1991), Swiss cyclist

Kenneth L. Reusser
Kenneth Lyle Reusser
(January 27, 1920 – June 20, 2009) was a United States Marine Corps aviator who was considered the most decorated Marine Aviator, having flown 253 combat missions, earning 59 medals, including two Navy Crosses while flying in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. He is the only aviator to survive being shot down in all three wars.
Srednja Vas v Bohinju
Srednja Vas v Bohinju (pronounced [ˈsɾéːdnja ˈʋáːs w bɔˈxíːnju]; Slovene: Srednja vas v Bohinju) is a village in the Municipality of Bohinj in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It includes the hamlets of Kranjska Vas, Rudno Polje, V Renčah, Žale, Podojnica, Peca, Tržič, and Ptonec.

Upper Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Upper Carniola (Slovene: Gorenjska pronounced [ɡɔˈɾèːnska]; Italian: Alta Carniola; German: Oberkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The largest town in the region is Kranj, and other urban centers include Kamnik, Jesenice, Domžale and Škofja Loka. It has around 300,000 inhabitants or 14% of the population of Slovenia.
Nine Eagles State Park
Nine Eagles State Park is a 1,100-acre (450 ha) state park in Decatur County, Iowa, United States, near the city of Davis City. The park is located within a hilly area of the state and includes a 64-acre (26 ha) lake.

The park offers 9 miles (14 km) of hiking trails through forest and prairie landscapes, including a 3-mile (4.8 km) trail around the lake. It also has a 7-mile (11 km) horse trail that is open to snowmobiles in the winter. The lake has a beach along with amenities for fishing and boating, including a boat ramp, a jetty, and five smaller docks. Fish species in the lake include bluegill, channel catfish, and largemouth bass. The park has three developed campgrounds with electric and non-electric campsites along with a family cabin and primitive equestrian campsites.

Decatur County, Iowa
Decatur County (/dɪˈkeɪtər/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,645. The county seat is Leon. This county is named for Stephen Decatur Jr., a hero in the War of 1812.
Gundersen flap
A Gundersen flap, also known as Gundersen's flap, Gundersen's conjunctival flap, or conjunctivoplasty, and often misspelled Gunderson, is a surgical procedure for correcting corneal disease. It involves excising a damaged section of cornea, and replacing it with a section (or "flap") of the patient's own conjunctiva.

It is named for Trygve Gundersen (1902 – February 24, 1987), an American ophthalmologist of Scandinavian descent, who first described the procedure in 1958 at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary.

Conjunctiva
In the anatomy of the eye, the conjunctiva (pl.: conjunctivae) is a thin mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera (the white of the eye). It is composed of non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells, stratified columnar epithelium and stratified cuboidal epithelium (depending on the zone). The conjunctiva is highly vascularised, with many microvessels easily accessible for imaging studies.
Kote Abkhazi
Prince Konstantine (Kote) Abkhazi (Georgian: კონსტანტინე (კოტე) აფხაზი) (November 17, 1867 – May 20, 1923), was a Georgian military officer, politician and public figure. During the Imperial Russian rule, he was a General-major of Artillery in the tsar's army (1916) and in the national army of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918), and a recognized leader of the liberal nobility of Georgia. After the Soviet Occupation of Georgia, he emerged as one of the leaders of an underground anti-Soviet, national-liberation movement. One of the founders of the Tbilisi State University in 1918 and Chairman of the Georgian National-Democratic Party in 1921–1923. In 1923, he was arrested and executed by the Soviet security police (so-called "Cheka"). In 2023, he was posthumously awarded the title and Order of National Hero of Georgia.

Regular Army of the Georgian Democratic Republic
The Regular Army of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკის რეგულარული არმია, romanized: sakartvelos demok'rat'iuli resp'ublik'is regularuli armia) was the military of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
2015 Hong Kong Tennis Open – Singles
Sabine Lisicki was the defending champion, but she withdrew before the tournament began due to a knee injury.

Jelena Janković won the title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 3–6, 7–6(7–4), 6–1.

Lee Ya-hsuan
Lee Ya-hsuan (Chinese: 李亞軒; born 20 July 1995) is a Taiwanese tennis player.

She has career-high WTA rankings of 186 in singles, achieved on 11 April 2016, and 138 in doubles, set on 6 February 2017.

Playing for the Chinese Taipei Billie Jean King Cup team, Lee has an overall win–loss record of 3–13.
Margaret Whyte (medical doctor)
Margaret Whyte MB BS (1868 – 25 April 1946) was a medical doctor from Melbourne, Australia. She graduated as a doctor with the top grades in her class of 1891, and along with her classmate Clara Stone, this made them the first women to graduate as doctors in Victoria. While she qualified for a residency at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, she was denied her place because of her gender, and so took an appointment in 1892 at the Royal Women's Hospital instead. She was the first woman resident at the hospital.

Royal Melbourne Hospital
The Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH) is one of Australia's leading public tertiary hospitals. Located in Parkville, an inner city suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, it is a major teaching hospital for tertiary healthcare with a reputation in clinical research.

The hospital is administered as part of Melbourne Health, alongside the Inner West Area Mental Health Service (IWAMHS), as well as the North West Dialysis Service.

Professor Shelley Dolan was appointed Chief Executive of the hospital in August 2023, succeeding Professor Christine Kilpatrick AO.
University of Constantine
University of Constantine or Constantine University can refer to either of two universities in Algeria:

Université Constantine 1, formerly the University of Mentouri

Université Constantine 2, also known as the Université Abdelhamid Mehri de Constantine

University of Constantine 2
The University of Constantine 2, (Arabic: جامعة قسنطينة 2) ,also known as University of Abdelhamid Mehri is a public university located in Constantine, Algeria established in November 2011.

The university was established in accordance with Executive Decree No. 11-401 dated November 28, 2011, It is the same date on which the University of Constantine 3 was founded.
Northwest Technical College
Northwest Technical College is a public technical college in Bemidji, Minnesota. It is part of the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities System. It was founded in 1965 as Bemidji Area Vocational Institute.

Northwest Technical College and Bemidji State University share overlapping administration, including the same President.

Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as technological/technology university/college, technical university/college, university/college of technology, polytechnic university) is an institution of tertiary education that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.
Quneitra Military Council
The Quneitra Military Council is a Syrian rebel coalition affiliated with the Free Syrian Army that was armed with U.S.-made BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles. It operates in the Quneitra Governorate. The group's leader, Brigadier General Abdul-Ilah al-Bashir was appointed the Chief-of-Staff of the Supreme Military Council (SMC) on 16 February 2014.

Abdul-Ilah al-Bashir al-Noeimi
Abdul-Ilah al-Bashir al-Noeimi (Arabic: عبد الإله البشير النعيمي; c. 1960) is the former Chief of Staff of the Supreme Military Council (SMC) of the Free Syrian Army. He was succeeded by Albay Ahmed Berri in October 2014.
Panagia Skripou Monastery
The Panagia Skripou Monastery (Greek: Μοναστήρι Παναγία η Σκριπού) is located in Orchomenus, Boeotia, Greece. From the monastery today, only its katholikon (church) functions, which is the most important monument from the series of temples of the "transitional cruciform" type, in the Greek area.

Most probably the temple was designed as a funerary monument for its sponsor, Leo, the Protospatharios of the palace guard of the Byzantine Emperor (873/874 AD).

A vertical sundial adorns the church of the Dormition of Theotokos (Catholic) of the monastery.

Protospatharios
Prōtospatharios (Greek: πρωτοσπαθάριος) was one of the highest court dignities of the middle Byzantine period (8th to 12th centuries), awarded to senior generals and provincial governors, as well as to foreign princes.
Ramenki (rural locality)
Ramenki (Russian: Раменки) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Ramenki, Moscow Oblast, a selo in Ramenskoye Rural Settlement of Yegoryevsky District of Moscow Oblast

Ramenki, Ryazan Oblast, a village in Fedyakinsky Rural Okrug of Rybnovsky District of Ryazan Oblast

Ramenki, Tver Oblast, a village in Torzhoksky District of Tver Oblast

Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast (Russian: Тверская область, romanized: Tverskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [tvʲɪrˈskajə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was known as Kalinin Oblast (Russian: Калининская область). Population: 1,353,392 (2010 census).

Tver Oblast is a region of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno. Much of the remaining area is occupied by the Valdai Hills, where the Volga, the Western Dvina, and the Dnieper have their source.

Tver Oblast is one of the tourist regions of Russia with a modern tourist infrastructure. There are many historic towns, such as Torzhok, Zubtsov, Kashin, Vyshny Volochyok, and Kalyazin. The oldest of these is Rzhev, primarily known for the Battles of Rzhev in World War II and the Rzhev Memorial. Staritsa was the seat of the last appanage principality in Russia, while Ostashkov, located on lake Seliger, is a major center of recreational and nature tourism.
Italian ship Giovanni delle Bande Nere
Giovanni delle Bande Nere has been the name of at least two ships of the Italian Navy, named in honour of Giovanni delle Bande Nere:

Italian cruiser Giovanni delle Bande Nere, a Giussano-class cruiser launched in 1930

Italian offshore patrol vessel Giovanni delle Bande Nere, a Thaon di Revel-class offshore patrol vessel launched in 2022

Italian cruiser Giovanni delle Bande Nere
Giovanni delle Bande Nere was an Italian light cruiser of the Giussano class, which served in the Regia Marina during World War II. She was named after the eponymous 16th-century condottiero and member of the Medici family. Her keel was laid down in 1928 at Cantieri Navali di Castellammare di Stabia, Castellammare di Stabia; she was launched on 27 April 1930, and her construction was completed in 1931. Unlike her three sisters, the finish and workmanship on the vessel were not rated highly. She was sunk on 1 April 1942 by the British submarine HMS Urge.

The Giussano type of cruiser sacrificed protection for high speed and weaponry, as a counter to new French large destroyers.
Charlie Hartley (Lancashire cricketer)
Charles Robert Hartley (13 February 1873 – 14 November 1927) was a USA-born English cricketer active from 1897 to 1909 who played for Lancashire. He was born in New Orleans and died in Sale, Cheshire. He appeared in 106 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman, scoring 3,729 runs with a highest score of 139 among four centuries and held 56 catches.

Century (cricket)
In cricket, a century is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings by a batter. The term is also included in "century partnership" which occurs when two batsmen add 100 runs to the team total when they are batting together. A century is regarded as a landmark score for batters and a player's number of centuries is generally recorded in their career statistics. Scoring a century is loosely equivalent in merit to a bowler taking a five-wicket haul, and is commonly referred to as a ton or hundred. Scores of more than 200 runs are still statistically counted as a century, although these scores are referred to as double (200–299 runs), triple (300–399 runs), and quadruple centuries (400–499 runs), and so on. Reaching 50 runs in an innings is known as a half-century.

Scoring a century at Lord's cricket ground in London earns the batter a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Central China loess plateau mixed forests
The Central China Loess Plateau Mixed Forests ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0411) covers an elongated plateau across north-central China, characterized by accumulated soils of wind-blown dust known as loess and glacial till.  The yellowish soil imparts its color to the Yellow River and Yellow Sea downstream.  The ecoregion is located west of the lower Yellow River basin and the North China Plain.

Loess
Loess (US: /ˈlɛs, ˈlʌs, ˈloʊ.əs/, UK: /ˈloʊ.əs, ˈlɜːs/; from German: Löss [lœs]) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust. Ten percent of Earth's land area is covered by loesses or similar deposits.

Loess is a periglacial or aeolian (windborne) sediment, defined as an accumulation of 20% or less of clay with a balance of roughly equal parts sand and silt (with a typical grain size from 20 to 50 micrometers), often loosely cemented by calcium carbonate. Usually, they are homogeneous and highly porous and have vertical capillaries that permit the sediment to fracture and form vertical bluffs.
Pike Run (Missouri)
Pike Run is a stream in St. Francois County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Terre Bleue Creek just upstream of that stream's confluence with Big River.

The stream headwaters arise just south of Missouri Route Y about 1.5 miles southeast of Halifax and US Route 67. The stream flows southwest passing just east of St. Francois State Park and on to its confluence with Terre Bleue Creek about two miles west of the community of Hazel Run. The source area is at 37°59′56″N 90°28′37″W﻿ / ﻿37.99889°N 90.47694°W﻿ / 37.99889; -90.47694 and the confluence is at 37°56′46″N 90°30′03″W﻿ / ﻿37.94611°N 90.50083°W﻿ / 37.94611; -90.50083.

Pike Run was so named on account of its stock of pike fish.

St. Francois State Park
St. Francois State Park is a public recreation area occupying 2,735 acres (1,107 ha) five miles (8.0 km) north of Bonne Terre in St. Francois County, Missouri. The state park features a campground, trails for hiking and horseback riding, and fishing on the Big River. The 49-acre (20 ha) Coonville Creek Natural Area, made up of Coonville Creek and its narrow valley, is found within the park's boundaries.
Florentina Martins Smith
Florentina da Conceição Pereira Martins Smith (born 9 September 1958) is an East Timorese politician, and a member of the Fretilin political party. Between September 2017 and June 2018, she was the Minister for Social Solidarity under the VII Constitutional Government of East Timor led by Mari Alkatiri. Previously, between 2012 and 2017, she was a member of the National Parliament of East Timor.

National Parliament of Timor-Leste
The National Parliament (Tetum: Parlamentu Nasionál, Portuguese: Parlamento Nacional) is the unicameral national legislature in Timor-Leste. It was created in 2001 as the Constituent Assembly while the country was still administered by the United Nations, but renamed itself to the National Parliament with the attaining of national independence on 20 May 2002.
Glyquest
Glyquest is a software tool to help glycomics researchers to determine asparagine-linked glycan (N-glycan) structures based on collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) of glycopeptides.  It has a large built-in N-glycan structure database and a database search engine.

Glycopeptide
Glycopeptides are peptides that contain carbohydrate moieties (glycans) covalently attached to the side chains of the amino acid residues that constitute the peptide.

Over the past few decades it has been recognised that glycans on cell surface (attached to membrane proteins or lipids) and those bound to proteins (glycoproteins) play a critical role in biology. For example, these constructs have been shown to play important roles in fertilization, the immune system, brain development, the endocrine system, and inflammation.

The synthesis of glycopeptides provides biological probes for researchers to elucidate glycan function in nature and products that have useful therapeutic and biotechnological applications.
Magane Ichirizuka
The Magane Ichirizuka  (真金一里塚) is a historic Japanese distance marker akin to a milestone, comprising a pair of earthen mounds located in what is now part of the Kibitsu neighborhood of Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama Prefecture in the San'yō region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1928.

San'yō region
The San'yō Region (山陽地方 San'yō-chihō) is an area in the south of Honshū, the main island of Japan. It consists of the southern part of the Chūgoku region, facing the Seto Inland Sea. The name San'yō means "southern, sunny (yō) side of the mountains" and contrasts with the San'in or "northern, shady (in) side of the mountains".

The region is generally considered to include the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima and Yamaguchi. Sometimes, the section of Hyōgo Prefecture that formerly comprised Harima Province is considered to be within the region as well.

The San'yō encompasses the pre-Meiji provincial areas of Harima, Mimasaka, Bizen, Bitchu, Bingo, Aki, Suō and Nagato.
Jeffrey Elam
Jeffrey Elam is a Distinguished Fellow, Senior Chemist and Group Leader in the Applied Materials Division at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory. He leads Argonne's atomic layer deposition (ALD) research program, where he directs research and development and commercialization of thin film coating technologies for energy applications.

Elam is a fellow of the Northwestern-Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, and staff member at the Center for Molecular Engineering at Argonne. He also manages the Functional Coatings Group in Argonne's Applied Materials Division and is a principal investigator in the US-Israel Collaborative Water-Energy Research Center (CoWERC), and the Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems Center, a DOE Energy Frontier Research Center.

Atomic layer deposition
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin-film deposition technique based on the sequential use of a gas-phase chemical process; it is a subclass of chemical vapour deposition. The majority of ALD reactions use two chemicals called precursors (also called "reactants"). These precursors react with the surface of a material one at a time in a sequential, self-limiting, manner. A thin film is slowly deposited through repeated exposure to separate precursors. ALD is a key process in fabricating semiconductor devices, and part of the set of tools for synthesizing nanomaterials.