hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scottish Renaissance
The Scottish Renaissance (Scottish Gaelic: Ath-bheòthachadh na h-Alba; Scots: Scots Renaissance) was a mainly literary movement of the early to mid-20th century that can be seen as the Scottish version of modernism. It is sometimes referred to as the Scottish literary renaissance, although its influence went beyond literature into music, visual arts, and politics (among other fields). key figures, like Hugh MacDiarmid, Sorley MacLean and other writers and artists of the Scottish Renaissance displayed a profound interest in both modern philosophy and technology, as well as incorporating folk influences, and a strong concern for the fate of Scotland's declining languages.

It has been seen as a parallel to other movements elsewhere, including the Irish Literary Revival, the Harlem Renaissance (in the United States), the Bengal Renaissance (in Kolkata, India) and the Jindyworobak Movement (in Australia), which emphasised indigenous folk traditions.

Glasgow School
The Glasgow School was a circle of influential artists and designers that began to coalesce in Glasgow, Scotland in the 1870s, and flourished from the 1890s to around 1910. Representative groups included The Four (also known as the Spook School), the Glasgow Girls and the Glasgow Boys. Part of the international Art Nouveau movement, they were responsible for creating the distinctive Glasgow Style (see Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)).

Glasgow experienced an economic boom at the end of the 19th century, resulting in an increase in distinctive contributions to the Art Nouveau movement, particularly in the fields of architecture, interior design and painting.
Thomas Louis Heylen
Thomas Louis Heylen OPraem (1856–1941) was a Belgian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the twenty-sixth bishop of Namur in Belgium (1899–1941). He also served as President of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses.

Premonstratensians
The Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré (Latin: Candidus et Canonicus Ordo Praemonstratensis), also known as the Premonstratensians, the Norbertines and, in Britain and Ireland, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), is a religious order of canons regular in the Catholic Church. They were founded in Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Norbert of Xanten, who later became Archbishop of Magdeburg. Premonstratensians are designated by O.Praem (Ordo Praemonstratensis) following their name. They are part of the Augustinian tradition.

Norbert was a friend of Bernard of Clairvaux and was largely influenced by the Cistercian ideals as to both the manner of life and the government of his order. As the Premonstratensians are not monks but canons regular, their work often involves preaching and the exercising of pastoral ministry; they frequently serve in parishes close to their abbeys or priories.
Speicher (surname)
Speicher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Clifton T. Speicher (1931–1952), United States Army soldier and Medal of Honor recipient

Eugene Speicher (1883–1962), American artist

Georges Speicher (1907–1978), French cyclist

Scott Speicher (1957–1991), American pilot

Eugene Speicher
Eugene (Edward) Speicher NA (April 5, 1883 – May 11, 1962) was an American portrait, landscape, and figurative painter. He was one of the foremost realists of his generation who closely upheld the mantle of his mentor, Robert Henri.
Robert Jubelirer
Robert C. Jubelirer (born February 9, 1937, Altoona, Pennsylvania) is a Republican political leader in Pennsylvania.  He served as a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1975 to 2006. He served as President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania State Senate for all but two years from 1984 to 2006, and served as the 29th lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania between 2001 and 2003.

Jubelirer was defeated for re-nomination in the 2006 Republican party primary election and left office on November 30, 2006.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
Gordon B. Frost
Gordon Bennett Frost (October 19, 1881 – May 29, 1933) was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Alfred University in Alfred, New York from 1903 to 1904 and at the University of Oregon for one season, in 1907, compiling a career college football coaching record of 9–8–1. Frost attended Dartmouth College, where he played football in 1902. He coached high school football in Seattle in 1905 and 1906.

Alfred (village), New York
Alfred is a village located in the town of Alfred in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 4,026 at the 2020 census.

The village is home to both Alfred University and Alfred State College. In 2023, The Washington Post named it "the collegiest college town in America" due to its high ratio of students to non-students.

Due in part to the New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred has become a hub for ceramic artists and ceramic engineers.
Patrick Koshoni
Patrick Seubo Koshoni (17 April 1943 – 25 January 2020) was a Nigerian Navy Vice Admiral, former Chief of Naval Staff who had served as minister for Health during administration of General Buhari. During his tenure as health minister, he tried to promote a national insurance program that would provide medical treatment without requiring a down payment. He died on 25 January 2020, after a brief illness. He was aged 77.

Nigerian Navy
The Nigerian Navy (NN) is the naval branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces. According to the 2026 Ranking of the Global Firepower Index, it has a naval fleet size of 153 vessels, making it the largest naval force in Africa. It is considered well-trained and has participated in several peacekeeping missions. The NN is renowned as a stabilizing force in the Gulf of Guinea.
Leaname Maotoanong
Leaname Maotoanong (born 9 May 1991) is a Botswana sprinter competing in the 200 and 400 metres. He won a silver medal at the 2015 Summer Universiade. He won the gold medal with the Botswana 4 × 400 metres relay team setting the new national record of 3:01.89.

4 × 400 metres relay
The 4 × 400 metres relay or long relay is an athletics track event in which teams consist of four runners who each complete 400 metres or one lap, totaling 1600 meters. It is traditionally the final event of a track meet. The first leg and the first bend of the second leg are run in lanes. Start lines are thus staggered over a greater distance than in an individual 400 metres race; the runners then typically move to the inside of the track. The slightly longer 4 × 440 yards relay, on an Imperial distance, was a formerly run British Commonwealth and American event, until metrication was completed in the 1970s.
Pyynikki Summer Theatre
Pyynikki Summer Theatre (Finnish: Pyynikin kesäteatteri) or Pyynikki Open Air Theatre is a theatre operating in Tampere, Finland, known especially for its revolving auditorium. It is one of the largest summer theatres in Finland and has been running uninterrupted longer than any other open-air theatre in the country.

Väinö Linna
Väinö Valtteri Linna (pronounced [ˈʋæi̯nø ˈlinːɑ] ⓘ; 20 December 1920 – 21 April 1992) was a Finnish author and a former soldier who fought in the Continuation War (1941–44). Linna gained literary fame with his third novel, Tuntematon sotilas (The Unknown Soldier, published in 1954), and consolidated his position with the trilogy Täällä Pohjantähden alla (Under the North Star, published in 1959–1963 and translated into English by Richard Impola). Both have been adapted to a film format on several occasions; The Unknown Soldier was first adapted into a film in 1955 and Under the North Star in 1968 as Here, Beneath the North Star, both directed by Edvin Laine.
Centre Party (Faroe Islands)
The Centre Party (Faroese: Miðflokkurin) is a Christian democratic, conservative political party on the Faroe Islands, led by Jenis av Rana. The party is known for its social conservatism, particularly its stances against LGBT rights.

At the 2008 Faroese general election, the party won 8.4% of the popular vote and three out of 33 seats in the Løgting. In the 2011 Faroese general election, the party fell to 6.2% and two seats.

Faroese language
Faroese (/ˌfɛəroʊˈiːz, ˌfær-/ ⓘ FAIR-oh-EEZ, FARR-; endonym: føroyskt [ˈføːɹɪst]) is a North Germanic language spoken as a first language by about 69,000 Faroe Islanders, of whom 21,000 reside mainly in Denmark and elsewhere.

It is one of five languages descended from Old West Norse spoken in the Middle Ages; the others include Norwegian, Icelandic, and the extinct Norn and Greenlandic Norse. Faroese and Icelandic, its closest extant relative, are not easily mutually intelligible in speech, but the written languages resemble each other quite closely, largely owing to Faroese's etymological orthography.
The Sandwalk Adventures
The Sandwalk Adventures is a graphic novel created by Assistant Professor of Biology at Juniata College, Jay Hosler.  It was originally published in 2001 as five comic books, and republished as into a single graphic novel in 2003.  The Sandwalk Adventures is the tale of follicle mites living in the left eyebrow of Charles Darwin himself.  The mites believe Darwin to be a god, one of their creation myths handed down from generation to generation, and he has to set them straight about that and other mite fables.  A humorous series of illustrated lessons in natural selection and evolution ensues.

Juniata College
Juniata College (/ˌdʒuːniˈætə/) is a private liberal arts college in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1876 as a co-educational normal school, it was the first college started by members of the Church of the Brethren. It was originally founded as a center for vocational learning for those who could not afford formal education.
Taixinan Basin
The Taixinan Basin (Chinese: 台西南盆地; pinyin: Táixīnán Péndì), also called the Tainan Basin (Chinese: 台南盆地), and sometimes rendered literally as Southwest Taiwan Basin or Southwestern Taiwan Basin is a basin located in the southern Taiwan Strait and the northeastern South China Sea.

Taiwan Strait
The Taiwan Strait (Chinese: 台湾海峡; Pinyin: Táiwān Hǎixiá) is a 180-kilometer-wide (110 mi; 97 nmi) strait separating the island of Taiwan and the Asian continent. The strait connects the South China Sea to the south, and the East China Sea to the north. The narrowest part is 126 km (78 mi; 68 nmi) wide.
Naan Sigappu Manithan (1985 film)
Naan Sigappu Manithan (transl. I am a Red Man) is a 1985 Indian Tamil-language vigilante action film directed by S. A. Chandrasekhar and produced by A. Poorna Chandra Rao under Lakshmi Productions. The film, a remake of Hindi film Aaj Ki Awaaz, stars Rajinikanth, K. Bhagyaraj and Ambika with Vijay as a child artist in the film. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, while cinematography and editing were handled by M. Kesavan and P. R. Gautham Raju.

Naan Sigappu Manithan was released on 12 April 1985 and became a box office success.

Vigilantism
Vigilantism (/ˌvɪdʒɪˈlæntɪzəm/) is an act commonly summarized as "taking the law into one's own hands" which, according to Merriam Webster, means "to try to punish someone for breaking a law even though one does not have the right to do that." A vigilante is a person who practices or partakes in vigilantism.
Dewayne Cherrington
Dewayne Cherrington (born August 30, 1990) is an American former professional football defensive tackle.  He played college football for Mississippi State Bulldogs. Cherrington earned a Super Bowl ring as a member of the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLVIII. In the game, the Seahawks defeated the Denver Broncos by a score of 43–8.

Mississippi State Bulldogs football
The Mississippi State Bulldogs football program represents Mississippi State University in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as well as the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They also have won one SEC championship in 1941 and a division championship in 1998. The Bulldogs have 27 postseason bowl appearances. The program has produced 38 All-Americans (three consensus), 171 All-SEC selections, and 124 NFL players (11 first-round draft picks). The Bulldogs’ home stadium, Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field, is the second oldest in the NCAA Division I FBS.
Atmakur revenue division, Nellore district
Atmakur revenue division is an administrative division in the Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the four revenue divisions in the district with nine mandals under its administration. The divisional headquarters are located at Atmakur.

Atmakur, Nellore district
Atmakur, natively known as Atmakuru, is a town in the Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It functions as a  municipality within the Atmakur mandal and serves as the administrative headquarters for both the mandal and the Atmakur Assembly Constituency. The town plays a key role in local governance and administration, acting as a central hub for surrounding villages and regions within the Nellore district.
Strange Adventures of Mr. Smith
Strange Adventures of Mr. Smith is a 1937 British comedy film directed by Maclean Rogers and starring Gus McNaughton, Norma Varden and Eve Gray. It was a quota quickie made at the Nettlefold Studios in Walton for release by RKO Pictures.

Walton Studios
Walton Studios, previously named Hepworth Studios and Nettlefold Studios, was a film production studio in Walton-on-Thames in Surrey, England. Hepworth was a pioneering studio in the early 20th century and released the first film adaptation of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Alice in Wonderland, 1903).

The decline of the British cinematic production industry in the mid-20th century led to a decline in work for the facility, and after failing to financially survive as a television production outlet it was eventually closed in 1961. The studio was subsequently demolished and the land was sold for house-building.
Sea trout
Sea trout is the common name usually applied to anadromous (sea-run) forms of brown trout (Salmo trutta), and is often referred to as Salmo trutta morpha trutta.  Other names for anadromous brown trout are bull trout, sewin (Wales), peel or peal (southwest England), mort (northwest England), finnock (Scotland), white trout (Ireland) and salmon trout (culinary).

The term "sea trout" is also used to describe other anadromous salmonids, such as coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus alpinus) and Dolly Varden (Salvenlinus malma).  Even some non-salmonid fish species are also commonly known as sea trout, such as Northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) and members of the weakfish family (Cynoscion).

Dolly Varden trout
The Dolly Varden trout (Salvelinus malma) is a species of salmonid ray-finned fish native to cold-water tributaries of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America. Despite the name "trout" (which typically refers to freshwater species from the genera Salmo and Oncorhynchus), it belongs to the genus Salvelinus (chars), which includes 51 recognized species, the most prominent being the brook, lake and bull trout as well as the Arctic char. Although many populations are semi-anadromous, riverine and lacustrine populations occur throughout its range. It is considered by taxonomists as part of the Salvelinus alpinus (Arctic char) complex, as many populations of bull trout, Dolly Varden trout and Arctic char overlap.
Shuja
Shuja (Arabic: شجاع‎, Urdu: شجاع‎, Bengali: সুজা) is a surname and male given name.

Notable people with this name include:

Shuja al-Khwarazmi, was the mother of Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861)

Ahmad Shuja Pasha (born 1952), Pakistani general

Badruddoza Ahmed Shuja, Bangladeshi politician

Hakim Ahmad Shuja (1893–1969)

Kashif Shuja (born 1979), Pakistani squash player

Mian Mujtaba Shuja-ur-Rehman, Pakistani politician

Shah Shuja (Mughal prince) (1616–1661)

Shah Shujah Durrani (1785–1842)

Shakir Shuja Abadi

Shuja Haider, Pakistani musician

Shuja Haider (cricketer) (born 1994), Pakistani cricket player

Shuja Khanzada (1943–2015), Pakistani politician and colonel

Shuja ud-Din (born 1913), Afghan field hockey player

Shuja ul Mulk, Pakistani politician

Shuja ul-Mulk (1881–1936)

Shuja ul-Mulk Jalala (born 1952), Afghan politician

Shuja-ud-Daula (1732-1775)

Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan

Shuja-ul-Mulk, Pakistani politician

Usman Shuja, American cricket player

Mian Mujtaba Shuja-ur-Rehman
Mian Mujtaba Shuja-ur-Rehman is a Pakistani politician who is currently serving as the Provincial Minister of the Finance Department of Punjab, Pakistan in the Maryam ministry since March 2024. He is a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab under the PML-N since 2024 and prior to that served as a member, from 2002 to May 2018 and from August 2018 till January 2023.
Naoko Terai
Naoko Terai (Japanese: 寺井 尚子, Terai Naoko; born May 1, 1967) is a Japanese jazz violinist. Her work mainly extends into jazz fusion, popular music, tango, and light classical pieces.

Naoko Terai was born in Fujisawa City and began studying violin at the age of four but was unable to pursue classical music due to Tendonitis. After being inspired by the work of Bill Evans, began working professionally as a jazz musician in the 1980s, where she was known for performing with Shigeharu Mukai and Mal Waldron. In 1995, she played violin on Kenny Barron's album Things Unseen and formed her own quartet three years later; touring with Lee Ritenour in 2000 and working with Richard Galliano in 2001.

Tango music
Tango (/ˈtæŋɡoʊ/ or /ˈtɑːŋɡoʊ/; Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtaŋgo]) is a style of music in 24 or 44 time that originated in Uruguay and Argentina among European immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It has mainly Spanish, Italian, Gaucho, African, and French cultural roots. It is traditionally played on a solo guitar, guitar duo, or an ensemble, known as the orquesta típica, which includes at least two violins, flute, piano, double bass, and at least two bandoneóns. Sometimes guitars and a clarinet join the ensemble. Tango may be purely instrumental or may include a vocalist. Tango music and dance have become popular throughout the world.
Phyz
Phyz (Dax Phyz) is a public domain, 2.5D physics engine with built-in editor and DirectX graphics and sound. In contrast to most other real-time physics engines, it is vertex based and stochastic. Its integrator is based on a SIMD-enabled assembly version of the Mersenne Twister random number generator, instead of traditional LCP or iterative methods, allowing simulation of large numbers of micro objects with Brownian motion and macro effects such as object resonance and deformation.

Stochastic
Stochastic (/stəˈkæstɪk/; from Ancient Greek  στόχος (stókhos) 'aim, guess') is the property of being well-described by a random probability distribution. Stochasticity and randomness are technically distinct concepts. Stochasticity refers to a modeling approach, while randomness describes phenomena. These terms are often used interchangeably. In probability theory, the formal concept of a stochastic process is also referred to as a random process.

Stochasticity is used in many different fields, including actuarial science, image processing, signal processing, computer science, information theory, telecommunications, chemistry, ecology, neuroscience, physics, and cryptography. It is also used in finance, medicine, linguistics,  music, media, colour theory,  botany, manufacturing and geomorphology.
Teodorów, Gmina Budziszewice
Teodorów [tɛɔˈdɔruf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Budziszewice, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north of Budziszewice, 20 km (12 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 35 km (22 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów Mazowiecki
Tomaszów Mazowiecki (pronounced [tɔˈmaʂuf mazɔˈvjɛt͡skʲi] ⓘ, Yiddish: טאָמעשעוו or Tomashuv) is a town in central Poland with 60,529 inhabitants (2021). It is the fourth most populous city in the Łódź Voivodeship and the second with free public transport. It is the seat of Tomaszów County.

In Tomaszów Mazowiecki there is the first (and the only) all-year speed skating track in Poland - Ice Arena Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which has hosted the World Championships. In autumn, the city hosts the international Love Polish Jazz festival, organized by the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage.
CareerEdu
CareerEdu is a Nigerian online education platform that aids in immigration. It was founded in 2020 by Kelvin Alaneme.

Following the 2020 Lekki shooting and the denial of casualties by the Nigerian government, Alaneme created CareerEdu through a Facebook post which generated over 500 messages to his inbox which he redirected to Telegram.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
Paul Campbell (American actor)
Paul Campbell (February 27, 1923 – March 17, 1999), was an American film actor. He appeared in over 30 films between 1947 and 1959.

Campbell was best known for his work at Columbia Pictures, where he usually portrayed tall, handsome leading men of the western genre. Modern viewers will recognize him as Clarence Cassidy, the cowardly cowboy in The Three Stooges film Merry Mavericks.

Campbell died on March 17, 1999, in New York City.

Merry Mavericks
Merry Mavericks is a 1951 short subject directed by Edward Bernds starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Shemp Howard). It is the 133rd entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.