hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gene knockdown
Gene knockdown is an experimental technique by which the expression of one or more of an organism's genes is reduced. The reduction can occur either through genetic modification or by treatment with a reagent such as a short DNA or RNA oligonucleotide that has a sequence complementary to either gene or an mRNA transcript.

Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent (/riˈeɪdʒənt/ ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. A reactant is a substance or compound that is consumed in a chemical reaction. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction; reagent is used in the context of chemical analysis, while reactant is used in the context of reaction itself. Solvents, though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, catalysts are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates.
Baccara (album)
Baccara is the debut studio album by Spanish duo Baccara, first released on RCA Victor in Germany in 1977. It contains the European hit singles "Yes Sir, I Can Boogie" and "Sorry, I'm a Lady".

The rights to the RCA-Victor back catalogue are currently held by Sony BMG Music Entertainment – the original Baccara album in its entirety remains unreleased on compact disc.

There is an alternative cover for the album from Scandinavia featuring the girls standing with a black background. Some editions of this album feature a limited edition poster. The album was re-released in Germany in 1982 and featured an entirely different picture sleeve.

1977 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1977. It marked the peak of vinyl record sales in the United States, which declined in the following decades before experiencing a resurgence in the 21st century.
The Girl's Houseboy
The Girl's Houseboy (El mucamo de la niña) is a 1951 Argentine musical comedy film of the classical era of Argentine cinema, directed by Enrique Carreras on his directorial debut  with Juan Sires. It is based on a play by Nato Lamarque, which he adapted for the screen. It stars Lolita Torres, Alfredo Barbieri, Tito Climent and Gogó Andreu and was released on 24 October 1951 in Buenos Aires.

Enrique Carreras
Enrique Carreras (6 January 1925 – 29 August 1995) was a Peruvian-born Argentine film director, screenwriter and film producer. He was one of the most prolific film directors in the history of the cinema of Argentina and a prominent figure of the classical era of Argentine cinema.
Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle S13
The Men's 100 metre freestyle S13 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 16 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. Three heats were held. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

S13 (classification)
S13, SB13, SM13 are para-swimming classifications used for categorising swimmers based on their level of disability. Jane Buckley, writing for the Sporting Wheelies, describes the swimmers in this classification as having: "Swimmers who are the most sighted but are considered to be blind according to the IBSA B3."
John Cooke (footballer, born 1878)
John Alfred Cooke (1878 – 10 August 1909) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Derby County as an outside left.

Cooke made 11 appearances in the Football League First Division for Derby County, scoring twice. His debut was on 20 April 1899, at home to Nottingham Forest, and the remaining 10 matches came in the first half of the 1899–1900 season.

Cooke drowned on 10 August 1909 while swimming in a deep mill dam at Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire.

Sutton-in-Ashfield
Sutton-in-Ashfield is a market town in Nottinghamshire, England, with a population of 36,404 in 2021. It is the largest town in the district of Ashfield, four miles west of Mansfield, 2 miles (3 km) from the Derbyshire border and 12 miles (19 km) north of Nottingham.
Letterstick Band
Letterstick Band are a band from north-east Arnhem Land in Australia. The members are from the An-Barra Clan on the coast near Maningrida. They are named after the wooden tools on which messages are carved to communicate between places. They play a mixture of reggae and rock that has been called saltwater rock and they sing in English and in Arnhem Land languages.

Letterstick Band won a Deadly for Band of the Year in 2001. They are the subjects of the documentary Diyama - Soundtracks of Maningrida.

Maningrida, Northern Territory
Maningrida (Ndjébanna: Manayingkarírra, Kuninjku: Manawukan) is an Aboriginal community in the heart of the Arnhem Land region of Australia's Northern Territory. Maningrida is 500 km (311 mi) east of Darwin, and 300 km (186 mi) north east of Jabiru. It is on the North Central Arnhem Land coast of the Arafura Sea, on the estuary of the Liverpool River.

The Kunibídji (Ndjebbana) people are the traditional owners of this country. Major players in the town's economic and political life include the West Arnhem Regional Council, the Bawinanga Homelands Aboriginal Corporation, the Maningrida Progress Association, and Mala'la Health Service Aboriginal Corporation. Maningrida Arts & Culture, with its Djómi Museum, managed by the Bawinanga Homelands Aboriginal Corporation, is a major art centre, known both nationally and internationally.

At the 2021 census, Maningrida had a population of 2,518.
Nimbochromis polystigma
Nimbochromis polystigma is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi, in the Great Rift Valley system of Africa. This species prefers areas with rock/sand substrate or areas with plentiful vegetation.  It can grow to a length of 23 centimetres (9.1 in) TL.

East African Rift
The East African Rift (EAR) or East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone in East Africa. The EAR began developing around the onset of the Miocene, 22–25 million years ago. It is considered to be part of a larger system, formerly known as the Great Rift Valley, that extends north to Asia Minor, also known as Anatolia.

A narrow zone, the rift is a developing divergent tectonic plate boundary where the African plate is in the process of splitting into two tectonic plates, called the Somali plate and the Nubian plate, at a rate of 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in) per year. The rift system consists of three microplates, the Victoria microplate to the north, and the Rovuma and Lwandle microplates to the south.  The Victoria microplate is rotating anti-clockwise with respect to the African plate. Its rotation is caused by the configuration of mechanically weaker and stronger lithospheric regions in the EARS.

Many of the African Great Lakes lie within the Rift Valley.
'The Half of It, Dearie' Blues
"'The Half of it, Dearie' Blues" is a song composed by George Gershwin, with lyrics by Ira Gershwin. It was introduced by Fred Astaire and Kathlene Martyn in the 1924 musical Lady be Good.

In his 1959 book Lyrics on Several Occasions, Ira Gershwin noted: "Some sort of grievance is featured in the musical-comedy adaptation of The Blues as evidence here in 'The Half of It, Dearie Blues' and in the [Jerome] Kern-[Anne] Caldwell 'Left All Alone Again Blues'—but of course in such as these the lyric approach isn't attempting to plumb the melancholy depths of the real Blues."

Anne Caldwell
Anne Marsh Caldwell (August 30, 1867 – October 22, 1936), also known as Anne Caldwell O'Dea, was an American playwright and lyricist. She wrote both pop songs and Broadway shows, sometimes working with composer Jerome Kern.
Dating creation
Dating creation is the attempt to provide an estimate of the age of Earth or the age of the universe as understood through the creation myths of various religious traditions. Various traditional beliefs hold that the Earth, or the entire universe, was brought into being in a grand creation event by one or more deities. After these cultures develop calendars, a question arises: Precisely how long ago did this creation event happen?

Age of the universe
In Big Bang models of physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the cosmological time back to the point when the scale factor of the universe extrapolates to zero. Modern models calculate the age now as 13.863 billion years. Astronomers have two different approaches to determine the age of the universe. One is based on a particle physics model of the early universe called Lambda-CDM, matched to measurements of the distant, and thus old features, like the cosmic microwave background. The other is based on the distance and relative velocity of a series or "ladder" of different kinds of stars, making it depend on local measurements late in the history of the universe. 
These two methods give slightly different values for the Hubble constant, which is then used in a formula to calculate the age. The range of the estimate is also within the range of the estimate for the oldest observed star in the universe.
Hook Norton Cutting and Banks
Hook Norton Cutting and Banks is a 6.7-hectare (17-acre) biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Hook Norton in Oxfordshire. The site is in three areas, two of which are managed as a nature reserve called Hook Norton Cutting by Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust. and are designated a Geological Conservation Review site.

Hook Norton Cutting is a nature reserve along two stretches of a disused railway line separated by a tunnel. Most of it is unimproved calcareous grassland with a rich variety of flora. The site is notable for its bee species, including one which has only been recorded at three other sites in the country, Andrena bucephala. The cutting exposes rocks dating to the Middle Jurassic, around 167 million years ago, which are the type section of the Hook Norton Member of the Chipping Norton Formation. Hook Norton Bank is a steeply sloping limestone grassland by the River Swere.

Hook Norton
Hook Norton is a village and civil parish in Oxfordshire, England. It lies 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) northeast of Chipping Norton, close to the Cotswold Hills. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 2,117.  The village is formed of four neighbourhoods: East End, Scotland End (in the west), Down End (in the centre) and Southrop (in the south).
National League of Patriotic Youth
The National League of Patriotic Youth (French: Ligue nationale de la jeunesse patriotique, L.N.J.P.) was a political movement in Dahomey (later renamed Benin). The organization was founded in 1967. Its followers were nicknamed ligueurs.

The League aligned itself with the military rulers of the country. The organization succeeded in convincing the military to adopt a Marxist–Leninist political discourse, in the aftermath of the 1972 coup d'état (led by Mathieu Kérékou). During the existence of the People's Republic of Benin, ruled by the People's Revolutionary Party of Benin (PRPB), the erstwhile ligueurs represented the hardline radical factions within the system. The group was highly influential in the 1974–75 period.

The ligueur faction fell out of line with President Kérékou from 1981 onwards. Within the regime the influence of moderates and technocrats increased whilst the influence of the ligueurs was curtailed.

Republic of Dahomey
The Republic of Dahomey (French: République du Dahomey; pronounced [daɔmɛ]), simply known as Dahomey (Fon: Danhomè, lit. 'Belly of the Snake'), was established on 4 December 1958, as a self-governing colony within the French Community. Prior to attaining autonomy, it had been French Dahomey, part of the French Union. On 1 August 1960, it attained full independence from France.

In 1975, the country was renamed Benin after the Bight of Benin (which was in turn named after the Kingdom of Benin which had its seat of power in Benin City, modern-day Nigeria), since "Benin" was deemed politically neutral for all ethnic groups in the state, whereas "Dahomey" recalled the Fon-dominated Kingdom of Dahomey.
Headline inflation
Headline inflation is a statistical measure of aggregate price movement within an economy, usually expressed as percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (or other price indices) over a specific time period. It is typically measured using a comprehensive array of goods and services, including commercial products such as food and energy (e.g., oil and gas), which tend to be much more subject to price fluctuations and prone to inflationary spikes. On the other hand, "core inflation" (also non-food-manufacturing or underlying inflation) is commonly calculated from a consumer price index minus the volatile food and energy components.

Headline inflation, alongside core inflation, are among the key economic data produced by various national statistical agencies. It is often used as standard indicator of changes in cost of living and is being targeted by most central banks to influence price stability.

Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing
The usage and pricing of gasoline (or petrol) results from factors such as crude oil prices, processing and distribution costs, local demand, the strength of local currencies, local taxation or subsidy, and the availability of local sources of gasoline (supply).  Since fuels are traded worldwide, the trade prices are similar.  The price paid by consumers largely reflects national pricing policy.  Most countries impose taxes on gasoline (petrol), whereas a few, such as Venezuela, subsidize the cost. No country's taxes cover all the negative externalities (air pollution and CO2 emissions) associated with usage, that is they do not make the polluter pay the full cost. Western countries have among the highest usage rates per person. The largest consumer is the United States.
The Edinburgh Gazette
The Edinburgh Gazette is a newspaper of record (government gazette) of the Government of the United Kingdom, along with The London Gazette and The Belfast Gazette. It is published by The Stationery Office (TSO), on behalf of His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Crown Agent is, ex officio, the Keeper of the Edinburgh Gazette.

Newspaper of record
A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country.

It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record, but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record.
Lincoln Township, Polk County, Iowa
Lincoln Township is a township in Polk County, Iowa, United States. It contains the town of Alleman, and portions of Sheldahl, Ankeny and Polk City. All but the northeast corner of the township attends the North Polk Community School District, in Alleman. Fourmile creek runs through the township, and is the only continuous waterway through the township.

The Union Pacific railroad ran through the southwest corner and west border from the early 1870s until 2003.

The Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Southern Railroad ran through the center of the township from 1906 to 1968. It was an electrified line

Sheldahl, Iowa
Sheldahl is a city in Polk, Boone, and Story counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 297 at the time of the 2020 census.

The Boone County portion of Sheldahl is part of the Boone Micropolitan Statistical Area, while the Story County portion is part of the Ames Metropolitan Statistical Area. Together, these two areas form the Ames–Boone Combined Statistical Area. The small portion of the city that extends into Polk County is part of the Des Moines–West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Six Arrows
The Six Arrows (Turkish: Altı Ok) is the symbol and flag of the Turkish Republican People's Party (CHP). The arrows represent the fundamental pillars of Kemalism, Turkey's founding ideology. These are republicanism, populism, nationalism, laicism, statism, and reformism. The arrows are believed to have been conceived by İsmail Hakkı Tonguç, a Turkish scientist who made significant contributions to the Turkish education system. The principles of the Six Arrows were added to the Turkish Constitution on 5 February 1937. From August 1938 the flag was hoisted at all official buildings.

Constitution of Turkey
The Constitution of Turkey, formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), and informally as the Constitution of 1982 (Turkish: 1982 Anayasası), is Turkey's fundamental law. It establishes the organization of the government, and sets out the principles and rules of the state's conduct along with its responsibilities in regard to its citizens. The constitution also establishes the rights and responsibilities of the latter while setting the guidelines for the delegation and exercise that sovereignty belongs entirely and without doubt to the people.

The constitution was ratified on 7 November 1982. It replaced the earlier Constitution of 1961. The constitution was amended 21 times, three of them through a referendum: 2007, 2010, 2017, one of them partly through referendum: 1987. As of April 2017, 117 of the 177 articles of the Constitution of 1982 were amended overall.
2011 Manta Open – Doubles
Ryler DeHeart and Pierre-Ludovic Duclos were the defending champions, but chose not to play this year.

Brian Dabul and Izak van der Merwe won the final 6–1, 6–7(7–2), [11–9], against John Paul Fruttero and Raven Klaasen.

Raven Klaasen
Raven Klaasen (/ˈklɑːsən/ KLAH-sən; born 16 October 1982) is a South African professional tennis player who specialises in doubles.

He achieved his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 7 in August 2019, and has won 19 doubles titles on the ATP Tour, including two at Masters 1000 level. Klaasen is a two-time Grand Slam finalist, having finished runner-up at the 2014 Australian Open alongside Eric Butorac, and the 2018 Wimbledon Championships with Michael Venus. He was also runner up at the ATP Finals in both 2016 and 2019, partnering Rajeev Ram and Venus respectively.

In singles, Klaasen has a career-high ranking of world No. 208, achieved in October 2011.

He has represented South Africa in the Davis Cup since 2009, and has a win–loss record of 13–4.

He reached his 300th match win at the 2022 Estoril Open with Ben McLachlan defeating Hugo Nys/Jan Zieliński in the round of 16.
Midwest International Piano Competition
The Midwest International Piano Competition is a piano competition held biannually at the University of Northern Iowa School of Music since 2014. It awards more than $25,000 in prize money, with a first prize of $10,000, and has two categories: Senior for up to 32 years old and Junior for up to 17 years old. The jury members of the inaugural competition included Arthur Greene, Alexander Toradze, and Miroslav Brejcha.

Alexander Toradze
Alexander Davidovich "Lexo" Toradze (Georgian: ალექსანდრე თორაძე Aleksandre Toradze; May 30, 1952 – May 11, 2022) was a Georgian-born American pianist, best known for his classical Russian repertoire, with a career spanning over three decades. He regularly appeared as soloist with many of the world's major orchestras, including the Berlin Philharmonic, the Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic, the Cleveland Orchestra, and the London Philharmonic Orchestra. He was a professor of piano at Indiana University South Bend from 1991 to 2017.
Fomalhaut Nunatak
Fomalhaut Nunatak (70°58′S 66°40′W﻿ / ﻿70.967°S 66.667°W﻿ / -70.967; -66.667) is an isolated, flat-topped nunatak near the head of Ryder Glacier, 6.5 nautical miles (12 km) east of Mount Alpheratz of the Pegasus Mountains, in Palmer Land, Antarctica. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after the star Fomalhaut in the constellation of Piscis Austrinus.

Palmer Land
Palmer Land (71°30′S 065°00′W﻿ / ﻿71.500°S 65.000°W﻿ / -71.500; -65.000) is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica that lies south of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz. This application of Palmer Land is consistent with the 1964 agreement between the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names and the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee, in which the name Antarctic Peninsula was approved for the major peninsula of Antarctica, and the names Graham Land and Palmer Land for the northern and southern portions, respectively.  The line dividing them is roughly 69° S.
Paul Maasland
Paul Maasland (17 December 1903 – 15 September 1983) was a Dutch rower. He competed at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics in the men's eight and coxless four, respectively, but failed to reach the finals.

Rowing at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's eight
The men's eight event was part of the rowing programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. The competition, the sixth appearance of the event, was held from 13 to 17 July 1924 on the river Seine. Ten teams (90 competitors), each from a different nation, competed. The event was won by the United States, the nation's second consecutive and fourth overall victory in the event. Canada took silver, its first medal in the men's eight since 1908. Italy, making its debut in the event, took bronze.

Among the American rowers was Benjamin Spock, who later became more known for his work in pediatrics and politics.
The Early Years: 2008–2010
The Early Years 2008–2010 is a compilation album by Australian psychedelic rock band Pond, first released on Record Store Day on 12 April 2025, through Spinning Top Records. The double LP contains remastered recordings from the band's first three studio albums: Psychedelic Mango (2009), Corridors of Blissterday (2009), and Frond (2010), all of which were recorded between 2008 and 2010. The album was released on streaming services on 4 June 2025.

Nick Allbrook
Nicholas Allbrook (born 23 November 1987) is an Australian psychedelic rock musician, singer, and songwriter. He is best known as the frontman of Pond, and a member of musical duo Allbrook/Avery. He was a touring member of Tame Impala before leaving the group in 2013.
Charpokhari
Charpokhari (also spelled Charpokhri) is a village and corresponding community development block in Bhojpur district of Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 1,874, in 314 households. The total block population was 101,363, in 15,961 households.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.