hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operation Toral
Operation Toral was the codename for the British presence within Afghanistan post-2014 as part of NATO's Resolute Support Mission. UK forces had two major tasks: training and mentoring Afghan Forces, and providing force protection for NATO advisors via the Kabul Security Force/Kabul Protection Unit.

The operation drew to a close on 8 July 2021 with the withdrawal of U.S. and NATO forces from the country. However, British troops were subsequently redeployed under Operation Pitting in August 2021 to evacuate British nationals and staff following the 2021 Taliban offensive.

Royal Regiment of Scotland
The Royal Regiment of Scotland (SCOTS) is the senior and only current Scottish line infantry regiment of the British Army Infantry. It consists of three regular (formerly five) and two reserve battalions, plus an incremental company, each formerly an individual regiment of the line. However, three regular battalions maintain their former regimental pipes and drums to carry on the traditions of their antecedent regiments.
Sammy Byrd
Samuel Dewey Byrd (October 5, 1906 – May 11, 1981) was an American professional baseball outfielder and professional golfer. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) and on the PGA Tour. Byrd is the only person to play in both the World Series and the Masters Tournament.

Byrd made his professional baseball debut in 1926, and made his MLB debut with the New York Yankees in 1929. He was primarily a reserve player, and saw action as a defensive replacement and pinch runner for Babe Ruth, which earned him the nickname "Babe Ruth's Legs". The Yankees sold Byrd to the Cincinnati Reds before the 1935 season, and he retired from baseball to pursue a career as a professional golfer after the 1936 season. He won six PGA events during his career.

Philadelphia Inquirer Open
The Philadelphia Inquirer Open was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour played at various clubs in the greater Philadelphia area in the 1940s. The first event was played as the Philadelphia Inquirer Open Invitational; it was last played in 1949. Fred Byrod was the Inquirer employee who acted as tournament promoter and liaison with the PGA. At the 1945 event, Byron Nelson won the seventh of his record-setting 11 consecutive victories.
Bobby Rydell
Robert Louis Ridarelli (April 26, 1942 – April 5, 2022), known by the stage name Bobby Rydell (/raɪˈdɛl/ ry-DEL), was an American singer and actor who mainly performed rock and roll and traditional pop music. In the early 1960s, he was considered a teen idol. His most well-known songs include "Wildwood Days", "Wild One" and "Volare" (cover of an Italian song by Domenico Modugno, "Nel blu, dipinto di blu"); in 1963 he appeared in the musical film Bye Bye Birdie.

In the 1980s, he joined a trio called The Golden Boys, with fellow former teen idols Frankie Avalon and Fabian Forte. He continued to tour up until his death in 2022.

Domenico Modugno
Domenico Modugno (Italian pronunciation: [doˈmeːniko moˈduɲɲo]; 9 January 1928 – 6 August 1994) was an Italian singer, actor and, later in life, a member of the Italian Parliament. He is known for his 1958 international hit song "Nel blu dipinto di blu", for which he received the first Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. He is considered the first Italian cantautore.
William E. Schevill
William Edward "Bill" Schevill (July 2, 1906 – July 25, 1994) was an American paleontologist famous for his part in dynamiting out the nodules of the most complete skeleton of the short-necked pliosaur Kronosaurus queenslandicus discovered in Hughenden in Queensland, Australia, in 1932. He later became known as an authority on the sounds of whales. Schevill had the title of scientist emeritus at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, where he had begun working in 1943, technically retiring in 1985.

Hughenden, Queensland
Hughenden (/hjuːəndən/) is a rural town and locality in the Flinders Shire, Queensland, Australia. It is the seat of the Flinders Shire. In the 2021 census, the locality of Hughenden had a population of 1,113 people.
Shourya (2010 film)
Shourya is a 2010 Indian Kannada-language action film written by J. Siva Kumar and directed by Sadhu Kokila. The film stars Darshan and Madalasa Sharma, making her debut in Kannada films, in the lead roles. It is a remake of the successful Telugu film Souryam (2008) starring Gopichand and Anushka Shetty.

The film was released on 20 August 2010 across Karnataka. Upon release, it generally met with average reviews from the critics and audience.

Siva (director)
Sivakumar Jayakumar (born 12 August 1977), known professionally by his mononym Siva or Siruthai Siva, is an Indian film director, screenwriter, cinematographer, and lyricist who works in Tamil and Telugu films.

Siva began his film career as a cinematographer, working in several Telugu, Tamil, and Malayalam films. He later transitioned to directing and screenwriting in Telugu cinema, making his directorial debut with Souryam (2008), a commercial success. He followed it with Sankham (2009), and Daruvu (2012).

Siva then moved to Tamil cinema, where he made his directorial debut with Siruthai (2011). He achieved significant success with high-profile films such as Veeram (2014), Vedalam (2015), and Viswasam (2019).
The Cumberland Argus and Fruitgrowers' Advocate
The Cumberland Argus and Fruitgrowers' Advocate (also known as The Cumberland Argus or The Argus) was a newspaper published in Parramatta with coverage and circulation incorporating Greater Western Sydney and parts of North-West Sydney, Australia.  First published on 24 September 1887, the paper continued under this title until issue No. 3397, on 15 March 1950, when the newspaper was officially renamed the Cumberland Argus.  It remained under this banner for a further 12 years until it ceased publication on 24 October 1962.

Trove
Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.
Mura, Spain
Mura  (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈmuɾə]) is a municipality in the province of Barcelona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 47.78 square kilometres (18.45 sq mi) and the population in 2014 was 211.

Province of Barcelona
Barcelona (Catalan: [bəɾsəˈlonə] ⓘ; Spanish: [baɾθeˈlona]) is a province in northeastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The province is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Lleida, and Girona, and by the Mediterranean Sea. The area of the province is 7,726.37 km2 (2,983.17 sq mi), and the population is 5,877,672, of which 28.7% is in the city of Barcelona itself, which itself is contained in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is both the 2nd most populous and 2nd most densely populated province in the country.
Page (servant)
A page or page boy is traditionally a young male attendant or servant, but may also have been a messenger in the service of a nobleman.

During wedding ceremonies, a page boy is often used as a symbolic attendant to carry the rings.

Courier
A courier is a person or organization that delivers a message, package or letter from one place or person to another place or person. Typically, a courier provides their courier service on a commercial contract basis; however, some couriers are government or state agency employees (for example: a diplomatic courier).
Global Expansion Summit
Global Expansion Summit is a business conference on corporate global expansion and foreign direct investment for business and government leaders. Focusing on organisations undergoing digital transformation, it is designed to help corporate decision makers find the best markets and business partners to facilitate successful business growth and efficiencies as they expand into new international markets.

Global Expansion Summit was founded in 2015 and was led by Fernando Faria, a former GSM Association director who led Mobile World Congress research and conference programmes. Fernando was behind the innovaBRICS event from 2012 to 2014, which discussed investment, innovation and business expansion in the BRICS countries.

Anglo American plc
Anglo American plc is a British multinational mining company with headquarters in London, England. It is the world's largest producer of platinum, representing approximately 40 percent of global output, as well as being a major producer of diamonds, copper, nickel, iron ore, polyhalite and steelmaking coal. The company has operations in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America.

Anglo American has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. The company has a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Anglo American was ranked as the 274th largest public company in the world.
Ixcoy Formation
The Ixcoy Formation is a geologic formation in Guatemala. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period. The upper part of the Ixcoy Formation is laterally equivalent with the Campur Formation of the Petén Basin in northern Guatemala.

Petén Basin
The Petén Basin is a geographical subregion of the Maya Lowlands, primarily located in northern Guatemala within the Department of El Petén, and into the state of Campeche in southeastern Mexico.

During the Late Preclassic and Classic periods of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican chronology many major centers of the Maya civilization flourished, such as Tikal and Calakmul. A distinctive Petén-style of Maya architecture and inscriptions arose. The archaeological sites La Sufricaya and Holmul are also located in this region.
Richard Abell
Richard Abell (c.1688 – aft. March 1744) was a British lawyer and Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1720 to 1727.

Abell was the eldest son of William Abell, of East Claydon, Buckinghamshire and his wife Elizabeth ?Mayne. He was admitted at Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1705. He was called to the bar as a member of the Inner Temple in 1714.

Abell was returned unopposed as Member of Parliament for Richmond, Yorkshire at a by-election in 1720. He was a Whig and stood in the interest of the Duke of Wharton. At the 1722 general election he was returned as MP for Aylesbury. He did not stand for Parliament again in 1727 or later. In 1728, he sold the manor of East Claydon to the Viscount Fermanagh, retaining a life interest in the property.

Richmond (Yorks)
Richmond (Yorks) was a constituency in North Yorkshire in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It was represented from 1910 by members of the Conservative Party. The last MP for Richmond was Rishi Sunak from 2015 to 2024, who served as the Prime Minister and Conservative leader from 2022 to 2024.

Further to the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the seat had minor boundary changes and was renamed to Richmond and Northallerton, first contested at the 2024 general election.
Allium hirtovaginatum
Allium hirtovaginatum is a species of wild onion native to the Mediterranean region, ranging from Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia to the Balearic Islands, Italy, southern Greece, southern and western Turkey, and Cyprus.

Allium hirtovaginatum produces an egg-shaped bulb. Scape is up to 50 cm, round in cross-section, thin and flexible. Leaves are very thin and hair-like. Umbel has only a few flowers. Flowers bell-shaped, the tepals white with dark purple midvein. Ovary is covered with long hairs.

Two subspecies are accepted.

Allium hirtovaginatum subsp. hirtovaginatum – northwestern Africa, Balearic Islands, Italy, southern Greece, southern and western Turkey, and Cyprus

Allium hirtovaginatum subsp. samium Brullo, Pavone & Salmeri – Samos in the eastern Aegean

Scape (botany)
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables.
Socket FT1
The Socket FT1 or BGA413 is a CPU socket released in January 2011 from AMD for its APUs codenamed Desna, Ontario, Zacate and Hondo. The uber name is "Brazos".

"Desna"-, "Ontario"-, "Zacate"- and "Hondo"-branded products combine Bobcat with Cedar (VLIW5 TeraScale), UVD 3 video acceleration and AMD Eyefinity-based multi-monitor support of maximum two monitors.

For available chipsets consult Fusion controller hubs (FCH).

AMD Eyefinity
AMD Eyefinity is a brand name for AMD video card products that support multi-monitor setups by integrating multiple (up to six) display controllers on one GPU. AMD Eyefinity was introduced with the Radeon HD 5000 series "Evergreen" in September 2009 and has been available on APUs and professional-grade graphics cards branded AMD FirePro as well.

AMD Eyefinity supports a maximum of 2 non-DisplayPort displays (e.g., HDMI, DVI, VGA, DMS-59, VHDCI) (which AMD calls "legacy output") and up to 6 DisplayPort displays simultaneously using a single graphics card or APU. To feed more than two displays, the additional panels must have native DisplayPort support. Alternatively active DisplayPort-to-DVI/HDMI/VGA adapters can be employed.

The setup of large video walls by connecting multiple computers over Gigabit Ethernet or Ethernet is also supported.

The version of AMD Eyefinity (aka DCE, display controller engine) introduced with Excavator-based Carrizo APUs features a Video underlay pipe.
Sports on Amazon Prime Video
Amazon first acquired sports rights in April 2017, when they signed a $50 million deal for the non-exclusive rights to stream portions of the NFL's Thursday Night Football games during the 2017 NFL season to Prime and Prime Video subscribers, replacing a previous deal with Twitter. Since then Amazon has acquired exclusive sports rights in 10 countries, including Australia, Canada, Brazil, France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom. Premier rights include the Copa do Brasil in Brazil, Ligue 1 and the French Open in France, the UEFA Champions League in the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy, the Premier League in the United Kingdom, the NHL's Monday Night Hockey in Canada, and Thursday Night Football in the United States.

In December 2022, Amazon launched Sports Talk in the United States; a free ad-supported streaming television sports talk channel produced in partnership with Embassy Row. The channel was shut down in October 2023.

Amazon Prime
Amazon Prime (styled as prime) is a paid subscription service of Amazon which is available in many countries and gives users access to additional services otherwise unavailable or available at a premium to other Amazon customers. Founded on February 2, 2005, services include logistics through same, one- or two-day delivery of goods, healthcare through the optional perk of One Medical primary care services, entertainment through streaming music, video, e-books, gaming, and grocery shopping services. In April 2021, Amazon reported that Prime had 200 million subscribers worldwide.
Canton of Isle-Loue-Auvézère
The Canton of Isle-Loue-Auvézère is a canton of the Dordogne département, in France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation, which came into effect in March 2015, from the former canton of Lanouaille and parts of the former cantons of Excideuil, Savignac-les-Églises, Thenon and Hautefort. Its seat is the town Excideuil.

Canton of Thenon
The Canton of Thenon is a canton of the Dordogne département, in France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It had 4,420 inhabitants (2012). The lowest point is 112 m in the commune of La Boissière-d'Ans, the highest point is in Azerat at 317 m, the average elevation is 209 m.  The most populated commune was Thenon with 1,280 inhabitants (2012).
Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography
The Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography (DCALAB) is a six-volume, 2080-entry biographical dictionary that was published in May 2016 by Oxford University Press. The project was funded by the Mellon Foundation. The editors were Franklin W. Knight and Henry Louis Gates Jr.

Described by Ben Vinson III as a "remarkable feat of scholarship", coverage begins in 1492, and all Latin American and Caribbean countries and territories are included. To ensure this broad coverage, a call-out was made across the region for subjects to include. Librarian Jessica Lewis described how the dictionary will be "a core resource for libraries in nations with African heritage".

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, commonly known as the Mellon Foundation, is a New York City-based private foundation with wealth accumulated by Andrew Mellon of the Mellon family of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is the product of the 1969 merger of the Avalon Foundation and the Old Dominion Foundation. These foundations had been set up separately by Ailsa Mellon Bruce and Paul Mellon, the children of Andrew Mellon.

The foundation is housed in New York City in the expanded former offices of the Bollingen Foundation, another educational philanthropy once supported by Paul Mellon. Poet and scholar Elizabeth Alexander is the foundation's current president. Her predecessors have included Earl Lewis, Don Randel, William G. Bowen, John Edward Sawyer and Nathan Pusey.

In 2004, the foundation was awarded the National Medal of Arts.
Igdabatis
Igdabatis is a prehistoric genus of ray whose fossils are found in rocks dating from the Maastrichtian stage of Spain (Figuerola and La Maçana Formations of the Fontllonga Group), the Dukamaje Formation of Niger and the Takli, Lameta, Fatehgarh and Intertrappean Beds Formations of India.

Batomorphi
Batomorphi is a division of cartilaginous fishes, commonly known as rays; this taxon is sometimes considered as the superorder Batoidea, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies it as the division Batomorphi. Batomorphi, along with the shark division Selachii, both compose the subclass Elasmobranchii. Rays are the most speciose of cartilaginous fishes groups, with well over 600 species in 26 families. Rays are distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces.
Çamiçi, Gerger
Çamiçi (Kurdish: Jandirwang) is a village in the Gerger District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Culûr tribe and had a population of 137 in 2021.

The hamlets of Aşağı Akçalı, Çat, Salkım, Sarap and Şamak are attached to the village.

Adıyaman Province
Adıyaman Province is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The capital is Adıyaman. Its area is 7,337 km2, and its population is 635,169 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

Adıyaman Province was part of the Malatya Province until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning Democratic Party in the 1954 general election.
Stellar engulfment
Stellar engulfment is the process in which a star at the end of its main sequence phase of its life expands into a red giant star and engulfs some or all of the planets or brown dwarfs orbiting around it. The majority of planetary systems (around 61%) including the Solar System will experience at least one stellar engulfment event on the onset of Helium fusion and near the first dredge-up. While engulfment of planets can leave behind traces, particularly with Lithium, it is quickly diluted. The same is the case for brown dwarfs.

On around five billion years from now, the Sun will evolve out of the main sequence branch and into red giant. Its expansion will cause it to  engulfed much of the inner planets of the Solar System including Mercury, Venus and possibly Earth.

Dredge-up
A dredge-up is any one of several stages in the evolution of some stars. By definition, during a dredge-up, a convection zone extends all the way from the star's surface down to the layers of material that have undergone fusion. Consequently, the fusion products are mixed into the outer layers of the star's atmosphere, where they can be seen in stellar spectra.
North Baffin dialect
The North Baffin dialect (Qikiqtaaluk uannangani or Iglulingmiut) of Inuktitut is spoken on the northern part of Baffin Island, at Igloolik and the adjacent part of the Melville Peninsula, and in other Inuit communities in the far north of Nunavut, like Resolute, Grise Fiord, Pond Inlet, Clyde River, and Arctic Bay.

The governments of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories generally consider it to be a dialect of Inuktitut, due to its location in Nunavut, as do some linguists, but it is instead sometimes classified as a dialect of Inuvialuktun. However, Inuktitut and Inuvialuktun form a dialect continuum with few sharp boundaries.

The North Baffin dialect is the spoken in the film Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner.

Igloolik
Igloolik (Inuktitut syllabics: ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒃ, Iglulik, Inuktitut pronunciation: [iɣ.lu.ˈlik]) is an Inuit hamlet in Foxe Basin, Qikiqtaaluk Region in Nunavut, northern Canada. Because its location on Igloolik Island is close to Melville Peninsula, it is often mistakenly thought to be on the peninsula. The name "Igloolik" means "there is a house here". It derives from iglu meaning house or building, and refers to the sod houses that were originally in the area, not to snow igloos. In Inuktitut the residents are called Iglulingmiut (the suffix miut means "people of").
Hili railway station
Hili railway station (Bengali: হিলি রেলওয়ে স্টেশন) is a railway station in Hakimpur Upazila in Dinajpur District of Rangpur Division in Bangladesh.  It is right on the Bangladesh-India border and has land border crossing arrangements. The other side of the border is also Hili - Hili, Dakshin Dinajpur.

Rangpur Division
Rangpur Division (/rʌŋˈpʊər/; Bengali: রংপুর বিভাগ, romanized: Rongpur Bivag;
pronounced [rɔŋpuɾ bibʱag] ⓘ) is a first-level administrative division of Bangladesh. It covers the northernmost part of the country with a population of about 18 million inhabitants within an area of 16,184.99 km2 (6,249.06 sq mi). Rangpur Division shares borders with the Rajshahi and Mymensingh divisions. It is also bordered by the Indian states of West Bengal, Assam and Meghalaya and separated from Bhutan and Nepal by the Siliguri Corridor, and from China by the Indian state of Sikkim. Rangpur City is the administrative headquarter and the largest city. Rangpur Division includes the Teesta and Jamuna rivers.

The Rangpur division consists of eight districts. There are 58 upazilas or subdistricts under these eight districts. The major cities of Rangpur Division are Rangpur, Dinajpur, and Saidpur.
Westlake Park
Westlake Park can mean:

Westlake Park (Seattle), a park in Seattle, Washington

MacArthur Park, formerly Westlake Park, in Los Angeles, California

Westlake Park (Houston), an office complex in Houston

MacArthur Park
MacArthur Park (originally Westlake Park) is a park dating back to the late 19th century in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. In the early 1940s, it was renamed after General Douglas MacArthur, and later designated City of Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument #100.

The lake in MacArthur Park is fed by natural springs (although an artificial bottom to the lake was laid during the construction of the Red Line, opened in 1993). In the past, a fountain with a reflecting pool on the northern end was also fed by the springs. The Westlake/MacArthur Park B and D Line station is across the street.