hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George E. White (missionary)
George Edward White (October 14, 1861 – April 27, 1946) was an American Congregationalist missionary for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions for forty-three years. Stationed in the Ottoman Empire during the Armenian genocide as president of the Anatolia College in Merzifon, White attempted to save the lives of many Armenians, including "refus[ing] to tell" where Armenians were hiding so to save them from getting deported or killed. Thus he became an important witness to the Armenian genocide.

Grinnell College
Grinnell College (/ɡrɪˈnɛl/ grin-EL) is a private liberal arts college in Grinnell, Iowa, United States. It was established as Iowa College in 1846 by a group of Congregationalists from New England. It has an "open curriculum", which means students need not follow a prescribed list of classes. The college's 120-acre campus includes several listings on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Rising Force
The Rising Force by Dave Wolverton is the first in a series of young reader novels called Jedi Apprentice. The only novel of the series to be written by Dave Wolverton, it was released on May 3, 1999. The series explores the adventures of Qui-Gon Jinn and Obi-Wan Kenobi prior to Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace.

Obi-Wan Kenobi
Obi-Wan Kenobi (/ˈoʊbiːˌwɑːn kəˈnoʊbiː/) is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He was introduced in the original Star Wars film (1977) and its novelization (1976). In Star Wars and its two sequels, Obi-Wan is depicted as a Jedi Master who trains Luke Skywalker in the ways of the Force. In the prequel trilogy, he mentors Luke's father, Anakin Skywalker. Obi-Wan is portrayed by Alec Guinness in the original trilogy and by Ewan McGregor in the prequel films. McGregor also plays the character in the television series Obi-Wan Kenobi (2022). Guinness's performance in Star Wars earned him the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor, as well as a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Thermotogae
The Thermotogae is a class of kingdom Thermotogati and domain Bacteria. It is the sole class in the phylum Thermotogota. The class Thermotogae is composed of Gram-negative staining, anaerobic, and mostly thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
Sodere
Sodere (Oromo: Sodaree) a spa town in central Ethiopia. Located approximately 25 kilometres south of Adama and 120 kilometres southeast of Addis Ababa in the East Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of 8°24′N 39°23′E﻿ / ﻿8.400°N 39.383°E﻿ / 8.400; 39.383 with an elevation of 1466 metres above sea level. It is one of five settlements in Nannawa Adama.

Sodere lies alongside the Awash River and features lush, shady vegetation.  Vervet monkeys and warthogs live on the resort grounds. Crocodiles and, less frequently, hippos may be seen in the nearby Awash River.

East Shewa Zone
East Shewa (Oromo: Shawaa Bahaa) is a zone in Oromia Region of Ethiopia. East Shewa is located  at the center of Oromia, connecting the western regions to the eastern ones. This zone is bordered on the south by the West Arsi Zone, on the southwest by the Central Ethiopia Regional State, on the west by Southwest Shewa Zone and Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, on the northwest by North Shewa, on the north by the Amhara Region, on the northeast by the Afar Region, and on the southeast by Arsi; its westernmost reach is defined by the course of the Bilate River. Towns and cities in East Shewa include Dukam, Galan, Tullu Dimt, Basaqa and Aqaqi, Bishoftu, Metehara, Batu Dambal and Adama. With the intent to rehabilitate degraded forests, the Zonal Agriculture and Rural Development Office announced 2 October 2, 2006, that it had planted over 36.3 million seedlings in 10 of the Zone's 12 woredas, covering 4,000 hectares of land.
Tolga Sarıtaş
Tolga Sarıtaş (born 30 May 1991) is a prominent Turkish actor born on 30 May 1991 in Istanbul. He is best known for his performances in the historical drama Muhteşem Yüzyıl (2013–2014), the youth series Güneşin Kızları (2015–2016), the military drama Söz (2017–2019), the crime series Arıza (2020–2021), and the family drama Baba (2022–2023). In 2018, he was nominated for Best Actor at the 46th International Emmy Awards for his role in Söz, and later served as a jury member at the 47th International Emmy Awards. In 2017, Sarıtaş won the 44th Golden Butterfly Awards for Best Actor for his role in Söz.

Golden Butterfly Awards
The Golden Butterfly Awards (Turkish: Altın Kelebek Ödülleri) are annual Turkish music and television awards held since 1972. Sponsored by Pantene, winners are chosen by readers of the daily newspaper Hürriyet, and the event is broadcast live on the television channel Kanal D. Since 2017, the ceremony has included Azerbaijan's Brightest Star award, to celebrate that country's highest achievements in the music and television industries.
$10 Raise
$10 Raise (also known as Mr. Faintheart and 10 Dollar Raise) is a 1935 American comedy film directed by George Marshall and starring Edward Everett Horton, Karen Morley, Alan Dinehart, Glen Boles, Berton Churchill and Rosina Lawrence. It was written by Henry Johnson and Lou Breslow based on the 1921 film The Ten Dollar Raise written by Peter B. Kyne. It was released on May 4, 1935, by Fox Film Corporation.

Peter B. Kyne
Peter Bernhard Kyne (October 12, 1880 – November 25, 1957) was an American novelist who published between 1904 and 1940. He was born and died in San Francisco, California. Many of his works were adapted into screenplays starting during the silent film era, particularly his first novel, The Three Godfathers, which was published in 1913 and proved to be a huge success. More than 100 films were adapted from his works between 1914 and 1952, many of the earliest without consent or compensation. Kyne created the character of Cappy Ricks in a series of novels.
Reduction of nitro compounds
The reduction of nitro compounds are chemical reactions of wide interest in organic chemistry.  The conversion can be affected by many reagents. The nitro group was one of the first functional groups to be reduced. Alkyl and aryl nitro compounds behave differently. Most useful is the reduction of aryl nitro compounds.

Tin(II) chloride
Tin(II) chloride, also known as stannous chloride, is a white crystalline solid with the formula SnCl2. It forms a stable dihydrate, but aqueous solutions tend to undergo hydrolysis, particularly if hot. SnCl2 is widely used as a reducing agent (in acid solution), and in electrolytic baths for tin-plating. Tin(II) chloride should not be confused with the other chloride of tin; tin(IV) chloride or stannic chloride (SnCl4).
Sports & Wine
"Sports & Wine" is a song from Ben Folds Five's 1995 self-titled debut album. It was written by Ben Folds. The song is a snide dismissal of a "man's man" who attempts to put up the pretense of being sensitive so that he can appeal more to the opposite sex.

The album version of "Sports & Wine" appears as an additional track on the commercial CD single and the "B" side of the commercial 7" vinyl single of the song "Underground". Both singles were released in the United Kingdom in April 1996 by Vital Distribution for Passenger/Caroline.

Ben Folds Five (album)
Ben Folds Five is the debut studio album by American alternative rock band Ben Folds Five, released on August 8, 1995. A non-traditional rock album, it featured a sound that excluded lead guitars completely. The album was released on the small independent label Passenger Records, owned by Caroline Records, a subsidiary of Virgin/EMI. Ben Folds Five received positive reviews, and spawned five singles. Although it failed to chart, it sparked a bidding war that was eventually won by Sony Music. Several live versions of songs originally released on Ben Folds Five reappeared later as b-sides or on compilations.
April 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
April 18 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - April 20

All fixed commemorations below are observed on May 2 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For April 19th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on April 6.

Optina Monastery
The Optina Pustyn (Russian: Óптина пýстынь, romanized: Óptina pústyn', literally Opta's hermitage) is an Eastern Orthodox monastery for men near Kozelsk in Russia. In the 19th century, the Optina was the most important spiritual centre of the Russian Orthodox Church and served as the model for several other monasteries, including the nearby Shamordino Convent. It was particularly renowned as the centre of Russian Orthodox eldership (staretsdom).
1987 Matchroom Professional Championship
The 1987 Matchroom Professional Championship was the second edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament which took place between 4 and 7 November 1987 in Southend-on-Sea, England.

The tournament featured seven professional players, all part of Barry Hearn's Matchroom Sport stable. The tournament was won by Dennis Taylor, who defeated reigning champion Willie Thorne 10–3 in the final.

Dennis Taylor beat Steve Davis 6–3 in the semi-finals after trailing 1–3.

Willie Thorne
William Joseph Thorne (4 March 1954 – 17 June 2020) was an English professional snooker player. He won one ranking title, the 1985 Classic. He also reached the final of the 1985 UK Championship, losing 16–14 to Steve Davis after leading 13–8. He was noted for his break-building, and was among the first players to compile 100 century breaks. He earned the nickname "Mr Maximum". After retiring as a player, Thorne became a snooker commentator, primarily for the BBC.
KulFaZ
KulFaZ [coolːfat͡s] shortened from Die kultigsten Filme aller Zeiten (The most iconic films of all time) is a spin-off of the long-running German television series SchleFaZ, The worst movies of all time. In this format, screenings of iconic films are introduced by comedians Oliver Kalkofe and Peter Rütten along with a commentary, and conclude with a summary and a vote.
Unlike SchleFaZ, the movies are shown at prime time on Friday evenings on Tele 5.

Since 2024 and the associated broadcast of SchleFaZ on NITRO TV, there has been a follow-up format called “Die schöne SchleFaZ Pause” (The Beautiful SchleFaZ Break).

Tele 5
TELE 5 is a German free-to-air television channel that primarily broadcasts classic American films, science fiction series and anime. It is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA, which is a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery International.
Heterodactyla hemprichii
Heterodactyla hemprichii is a species of sea anemone in the family Thalassianthidae,  and was first formally described in 1834 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.

This sea anemone does not host any varieties of clownfish, but has been associated with some species of commensal anemone shrimp. This is a medium to large species of anemone characterized by "bunches of grape-like nematospheres," radially arranged, and densest on the outermost edges of its oral disc.

Hippolytidae
Hippolytidae is a family of cleaner shrimp, also known as broken-back shrimp or anemone shrimp. The term "broken-back shrimp" also applies to the genus Hippolyte in particular and "cleaner shrimp" is sometimes applied exclusively to Lysmata amboinensis.
Jameh Mosque of Jahrom
The Jameh Mosque of Jahrom (Persian: مسجد جامع جهرم) is a Friday mosque, located adjacent to the Jahrom Bazaar, in the old Sinan neighborhood of Jahrom, in the province of Fars, Iran. The mosque was built during the Seljuq era in the 11th-12th centuries, and completed in 1673 CE.

The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List in 1974, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Seljuk dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (/ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk; Turkish: Selçuklular, Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian,) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that culturally became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture.

The founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Seljuk Beg, was a descendant of a royal Khazar chief Tuqaq who served as advisor to the King of the Khazars, in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks established the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), the Sultanate of Kermân (1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade.
Tan Teck Meng
This is a Chinese name; the family name is Tan.

Tan Teck Meng was a professor of Accounting from Singapore Management University (SMU), member of the board of directors of four public companies in Singapore, serving as chairman of the audit committees of two of the companies, and honorary professor of Finance and Economics of Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, China.

He was the first appointee of SMU, being its first deputy president and provost respectively, and former dean of the School of Accountancy and Business (now Nanyang Business School) at Nanyang Technological University (NTU) where he was instrumental in the development of the school and the establishment of a number undergraduate degrees and MBA programmes.

Provost (education)
A provost is a senior academic administrator. At many institutions of higher education, the provost is the chief academic officer, a role that may be combined with being deputy to the chief executive officer. In some institutions, they may be the chief executive officer of a university, of a branch campus of a university, or of a college within a university.
Pavino
Pavino (Russian: Павино) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Pavino (selo), Kostroma Oblast, a selo in Pavinskoye Settlement of Pavinsky District of Kostroma Oblast

Pavino (village), Kostroma Oblast, a village in Pavinskoye Settlement of Pavinsky District of Kostroma Oblast

Pavino, Novosibirsk Oblast, a settlement in Novosibirsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast

Pavino, Sakhalin Oblast, a selo in Kholmsky District of Sakhalin Oblast

Pavinsky District
Pavinsky District (Russian: Па́винский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kostroma Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,600 square kilometers (620 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Pavino. Population: 3,115 (2021 census); 5,102 (2010 census);  6,217 (2002 Census); 7,933 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pavino accounts for 55.3% of the district's total population.
Breer
Breer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Breer (born 1980), American football journalist and reporter

Carl Breer (1883–1970), American automotive industry engineer

Emily Breer (born 1960), American filmmaker

Murle Breer (born 1939), American golfer

Robert Breer (1926–2011), American experimental filmmaker, painter, and sculptor

Murle Breer
Murle MacKenzie Lindstrom Breer (born January 20, 1939) is an American professional golfer best known for winning the 1962 U.S. Women's Open. She competed as Murle MacKenzie until her first marriage in 1961, then as Murle Lindstrom until her second marriage in 1969.

Breer was born in St. Petersburg, Florida. She joined the LPGA Tour in 1958. Her first Tour victory came in a major championship in 1962, when she defeated Jo Ann Prentice and Ruth Jessen by one stroke in the U.S. Women's Open which was held at the Dunes Golf Club in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Breer enjoyed three more Tour victories in the 1960s and one mixed team win in the 1970s. She retired as a touring professional in 1984.

For more than two decades, Breer has run a golf school at High Hampton Inn Country Club in western North Carolina. She and husband, Robert, an aeronautical engineer, have two daughters, Tracy and Vicki.
Thomas Henry Manning
Thomas Henry Manning, OC (22 December 1911 – 8 November 1998) was a British-Canadian Arctic explorer, biologist, geographer, zoologist, and author.  Appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada, Manning held the positions of vice-chairman and executive director of the Arctic Institute of North America. Nicknamed the Lone Wolf of the Arctic, he was known for travelling alone with dog sled and canoe.

Royal Canadian Geographical Society
The Royal Canadian Geographical Society (RCGS; French: Société géographique royale du Canada) is a Canadian nonprofit educational organization. It has dedicated itself to spreading a broader knowledge and deeper appreciation of Canada, including its people, places, natural and cultural heritage, as well as its environmental, social and economic challenges.
Love Is a Promise Whispering Goodbye
Love Is a Promise Whispering Goodbye is the second EP of Canadian alternative rock-emo band Your Favorite Enemies, which was released on June 17, 2008. The album was produced from Canadian label Hopeful Tragedy Records, which the band founded in April 2008 for releasing their debut album, And If I Was To Die In The Morning… Would I Still Be Sleeping With You. It includes seven songs, two new songs, a radio edit and an acoustic version of "Open Your Eyes", three other acoustic songs and three music videos. The album was produced by Your Favorite Enemies and mixed by the band. Only a few weeks following its release, the album was successfully acclaimed on their Japan-Indonesia-World-Tour in 2008.

Your Favorite Enemies
Your Favorite Enemies is a Canadian alternative rock band that was formed in Varennes, Quebec, in 2006 by Alex Henry Foster (vocals), Jeff Beaulieu (guitar), Sef Lemelin (guitar), Ben Lemelin (bass), Miss Isabel (vocals and keyboard), and Charles "Moose" Allicie (drums). The band is now based in Drummondville, in a former Catholic church that they have transformed into a studio. The members of the band have remained the same since the beginning.

The band members have been influenced by bands such as The Clash, The Ramones, The Cure, Noir Désir, and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, and has a sound that ranges from alternative rock, to shoegaze, post rock, and noise rock.

The band has toured and played in Europe (France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom), Japan, Australia, China, Taiwan, Canada and the United States.
Striation (geology)
In geology, a striation is a groove, created by a geological process, on the surface of a rock or a mineral.

In structural geology, striations are linear furrows, or linear marks, generated from fault movement. The striation's direction reveals the movement direction in the fault plane.

Similar striations, called glacial striations, can occur in areas subjected to glaciation. Striations can also be caused by underwater landslides.

Striations can also be a growth pattern that looks like a set of hairline grooves, seen on crystal faces of certain minerals. Examples of minerals that can show growth striations include pyrite, feldspar, quartz, tourmaline, chalcocite and sphalerite.

Tourmaline
Tourmaline (/ˈtʊərməlɪn, -ˌliːn/ ⓘ TOOR-mə-lin, -⁠leen) is a crystalline silicate mineral group in which boron is compounded with elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium. This gemstone comes in a wide variety of colors.

The name is derived from the Sinhalese tōramalli (ටෝරමල්ලි), which refers to the carnelian gemstones.
Germán Jordán Province
Germán Jordán is a province in the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. Its capital is Cliza. Many people from Germán Jordán province, along with people from neighboring Esteban Arze and Punata province have migrated to Argentina and to the Washington, D.C. area.

Cochabamba Department
Cochabamba (Aymara: Quchapampa Jach'a Suyu, Spanish: Departamento de Cochabamba pronounced [kotʃaˈβamba] ⓘ, Quechua: Quchapampa Suyu), from Quechua qucha or qhucha, meaning "lake", pampa meaning "plain", is one of the nine departments of Bolivia. It is known to be the breadbasket of the country because of its variety of agricultural products from its geographical position. It has an area of 55,631 km2. Its population in the 2024 census was 2,005,373. Its capital is the city of Cochabamba, known as the "City of Eternal Spring" and "The Garden City" because of its spring-like temperatures all year.
Yaz Mubarakai
Shahyaz Yezdi "Yaz" Mubarakai (born 24 October 1975) is an Indian-born Australian politician. He has been a Labor member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly since the 2017 state election, representing Jandakot from 2017 to 2025. Following the 2025 Western Australia state election, Mubarakai became the inaugural MP for the new electorate of Oakford.

Mubarakai was born in India, and emigrated to Australia in 1997. He belongs to the Parsi community. He owns the post office at Success, a restaurant Majestic India and Cafe Royal in Cockburn Central. He previously served on Cockburn City Council.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
Blue Jeans (Sqeezer song)
"Blue Jeans" is a song by German dance-pop group Sqeezer. It was released in May 1996 as the second single from their debut album, Drop Your Pants (1996). The song was ranked at number 81 on the Eurochart Hot 100, and charted at number eight in the Czech Republic, number 16 in Germany and at number 28 in Austria. In 1997, it peaked at number 11 in Spain, on the Productores de Música de España chart.

European Hot 100 Singles
The European Hot 100 Singles was compiled by Billboard and Music & Media magazine from March 1984 until December 2010. The chart was based on national singles sales charts in 17 European countries: Austria, Belgium (two charts separately for Flanders and Wallonia), Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

By the issue dated/week ending November 13, 2010, the European Hot 100 had accumulated 400 number one hits. The final chart was published on December 11, 2010, following the news of Billboard closing their London office and letting their UK-based staff go. The final number one single on the chart was "Only Girl (in the World)" by Rihanna.
Julie Danaux
Julie Danaux (born 4 September 1975) is a French diver. She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics. In 1996, she competed in the Women's Platform event where she placed 29th; four years later in Sydney she competed in both the Women's SpringBoard and Women's Synchronized Platform events where she placed 36th and 7th respectively.

SpringBoard
SpringBoard is the standard application that manages the iPhone's home screen. Other tasks include starting WindowServer, launching and bootstrapping applications, and setting some of the device's settings on startup.

Android's equivalent of iOS' SpringBoard would be a launcher, offering similar functionalities.