hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sonid Right Banner
Sonid Right Banner (Mongolian: ᠰᠥᠨᠡᠳᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ; Chinese: 苏尼特右旗) is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Dornogovi Province of Mongolia to the northwest. It is under the administration of Xilingol League. Sunud Mongols inhabit it.

Dornogovi Province
Dornogovi (Mongolian: Дорноговь, East Gobi) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia, located in the southeast of the country, bordering China's autonomous region of Inner Mongolia.

Dornogovi is located in the Gobi Desert, and frequent sand- and snow storms amplify the hard weather conditions of Mongolia. Temperatures can range from −40 °C (−40 °F) to 40 °C (104 °F) with ground temperatures as high as 60 °C or 140 °F.

Dornogovi has ample reserves of groundwater, but no lakes or rivers.
Kanggurtag gold belt
The Kanggurtag gold belt is a gold belt in the Eastern Tianshan portion of the Xinjiang province of Northwestern China. During the late Proterozoic, the Tarim plate and the Junggar plate collided, creating the Tianshan mountains. Around 276 Ma, the collision related stress regime ended and was replaced by dextral slip movement that lasted from 276 to 239 Ma. During the strike-slip period in the region, the Kanggurtag gold belt formed during the late Carboniferous-early Permian. This gold belt is separated into three groups: shear zoned dominated gold deposits, epithermal gold deposits, and intrusion related gold deposits.

Tian Shan
The Tian Shan, also known as the Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too, is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia. The highest peak is Jengish Chokusu at 7,439 metres (24,406 ft) high and located in Kyrgyzstan. Its lowest point is at the Turpan Depression, which is 154 m (505 ft) below sea level.

The Tian Shan is sacred in Tengrism. Its second-highest peak is known as Khan Tengri, which can be translated as "Lord of the Spirits". At the 2013 Conference on World Heritage, the eastern portion of Tian Shan in western China's Xinjiang Region was listed as a World Heritage Site. The western portion in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan was then listed in 2016.
Furdag
Furdag (Russian: Фурдаг) is a rural locality (a selo) in Urginsky Selsoviet, Khivsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  201 (2010 Census); 202 (2002 Census); 225 (1989 Soviet census).

Khivsky District
Khivsky District (Russian: Хи́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic. The area of the district is 620 square kilometers (240 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Khiv. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 22,753, with the population of Khiv accounting for 11.7% of that number.
Schüller
Schüller is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Gerolstein, whose seat is in the municipality of Gerolstein.

Eifel
The Eifel (German: [ˈaɪfl̩] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Äifel, pronounced [ˈæːɪ̯fəl]) is a low mountain range in western Germany, eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. It occupies parts of southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and the southern area of the German-speaking Community of Belgium.

The Eifel is part of the Rhenish Massif; within its northern portions lies the Eifel National Park. The Eifelian stage in geological history is named after the region because rocks of that period reach the surface in the Eifel at the Wetteldorf Richtschnitt outcrop.

The inhabitants of the Eifel are known as Eiflers or Eifelers.
Mashkouda
Mashkouda (Old Nubian: ⲙⲁϣⲕⲟⲩⲇⲁ, lit. "Servant of the Sun") was king of the Nubian kingdom of Makuria from 4 June 1276 to his assassination in the late 70s. In Arabic sources he appears as Shekanda.

Mashkouda was a relative of king David, being either his cousin or nephew. After David had attacked the border town of Aswan he accompanied a Mamluk expedition in 1276 to detain David and install Mashkouda as Makurian king. David was defeated and fled to the Kingdom of al-Abwab, but was taken prisoner and deported to Cairo. Mashkouda was proclaimed king of Makuria on 4 June 1276. The price was that he became a Mamluk tributary. He ruled until the Mamluks had him assassinated in the late 70s.

Kingdom of al-Abwab
The kingdom of al-Abwab was a medieval Nubian monarchy in present-day central Sudan. Initially the most northerly province of Alodia, it appeared as an independent kingdom from 1268/9. Henceforth it was repeatedly recorded by Arabic sources in relation to the wars between its northern neighbour Makuria and the Egyptian Mamluk sultanate, where it generally sided with the latter. In 1367 it is mentioned for the last time, but based on pottery finds it has been suggested that the kingdom continued to exist until the 15th, perhaps even the 16th, century. During the reign of Funj king Amara Dunqas (r. 1504–1533/4) the region is known to have become part of the Funj Sultanate.
18th Canadian Comedy Awards
The 18th Canadian Comedy Awards, presented by the Canadian Comedy Foundation for Excellence (CCFE), honoured the best live, television, film, and Internet comedy from 1 July 2016 to 31 December 2017.

Canadian Comedy Awards, also known as Beavers, were awarded in 22 categories determined by votes from the public and industry members.

TV series Kim's Convenience led with a record thirteen nominations, including all five nominees in the Best TV Direction category, followed by the feature Another WolfCop with five.  Web series You Got Trumped was the big winner, receiving three Beavers from its four nominations.

Another WolfCop
Another WolfCop is a 2017 Canadian superhero horror comedy film written and directed by Lowell Dean and is the sequel to the 2014 film WolfCop. It was released in theatres December 1, 2017. The poster was modeled on the 1986 Sylvester Stallone film Cobra.
Orphan bridge
An orphan bridge is a roadway bridge that crosses over abandoned railroad rights-of-way and which is no longer owned or maintained by any railroad. Examples include the bridges that crossed over predecessor railroads that were conveyed into Conrail in 1976. At the time, Conrail argued in U.S. court that these overhead bridges were not part of the rail rights-of-way that were conveyed to it at the time of the merger. As the railroads that initially built the bridges and maintained them no longer existed, it was argued, successfully, that, in essence, no legal entity owned them and that, as a result, they were "orphan" bridges. Orphan bridges are sometimes rehabilitated and maintained.

An example of this is the never-used Conrail bridge which parallels Delaware Avenue and crosses U.S. Route 9W in Kingston, NY.

U.S. Route 9W
U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in the states of New Jersey and New York. It begins in Fort Lee, New Jersey, as Fletcher Avenue crosses the US 1/9, US 46, and Interstate 95 (I-95) approaches to the George Washington Bridge, and heads north up the west side of the Hudson River to US 9 in Albany, New York. As its "W" suffix indicates, US 9W is a westerly alternate route of US 9 between the two locations. US 9W directly serves three cities—Newburgh, Kingston, and Albany—and enters the vicinity of several others. As the route heads north, it connects to several highways of regional importance, including I-84, US 209, New York State Route 23 (NY 23), and US 20. Much of US 9W parallels the New York State Thruway and NY 32; additionally, the latter overlaps with US 9W in four locations.
Voluptuary
Voluptuary (1878 – September 1902) was a Thoroughbred race horse that won the 1884 Grand National. He had a varied racing career, competing in flat racing before becoming the first horse to win a Grand National without competing in a previous year. He was also the first National winner that had also run in the Epsom Derby. After Voluptuary retired from racing, he received critical acclaim for portraying the racehorse "The Duke" in the play The Prodigal Daughter, which included an on-stage reenactment of a Grand National-type water obstacle.

Horse jumping obstacles
Many types of obstacles are found in competitive horse jumping sports such as show jumping, hunter classes, and the cross-country phase of eventing. The size and type of obstacles vary depending on the course designer and the expected difficulty level of a particular competition. Horses will need to negotiate many types of obstacles in order to be successful in jumping sports.

Fences used in show jumping are often brightly colored and artistically designed, while hunter and eventing fences are generally made to look rustic and natural. Show jumping and hunter obstacles are constructed to fall down if struck by the horse, whereas eventing obstacles have traditionally been solidly built—though to prevent dangerous rotational falls, certain elements are now being designed to break away when hit.
Njars
Njarar or Njars were an ancient Germanic people of Närke, Sweden,  that appears in the Scandinavian version of the Lay of Weyland the smith. In the early part of the lay, King Níðuðr is introduced as a king in Sweden:

Later he is specified as the lord of the Njars:

The Njars probably lost their independence early to the Swedish king at Uppsala, and they are not mentioned by Jordanes in his thorough listing of tribes in Scandza, in the sixth century. There are few mentions of the Njarar/Nerikjar in Old Norse sources, but for exceptions see King of Nerike.

Jordanes
Jordanes (/dʒɔːrˈdeɪniːz/; Greek: Ιορδάνης), also written as Jordanis or Jornandes, was a 6th-century Eastern Roman bureaucrat, of Gothic descent, who became a historian later in life.

He wrote two works, one on Roman history (Romana) and the other on the Goths (Getica). The latter, along with Isidore of Seville's Historia Gothorum, is one of only two extant ancient works dealing with the early history of the Goths. Other writers, such as Procopius, wrote works on the later history of the Goths. Getica has been the object of much critical review. Jordanes wrote in Late Latin rather than the classical Ciceronian Latin. According to his own introduction, he had only three days to review what Cassiodorus had written and so he must also have relied on his own knowledge.
Andy Stewart (baseball)
Andrew David Stewart (born December 5, 1970) is a Canadian former Major League Baseball player for the Kansas City Royals.

Stewart hit a double in his first major league plate appearance in September 1997. He was part of Canada's 2004 Olympic Baseball Team in Athens, Greece, where he batted .416 after a four-year layoff coaching in the Toronto Blue Jays and Pittsburgh Pirates organizations. The Canadian team finished in fourth place.

Baseball at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Baseball at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on two separate diamonds within the Helliniko Olympic Complex, from 15 to 25 August. For the second time in Olympic competition, professional baseball players were eligible to participate, though no active players from Major League Baseball were available.

The competition consisted of a preliminary round with each team playing all the other teams once, for a total of seven games. The top four teams at the end of this round advanced to the medals round. The medals round consisted of two semifinal games with the winners advancing to the gold medal game. The losing teams of the semifinals would play in the bronze medal game.
Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas
The Campeonato Internacional de Tênis (formerly known as Tetra Pak Tennis Cup) is a tennis tournament held in Campinas, Brazil, since 2011.
The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is played on outdoor clay courts at the Sociedade Hípica de Campinas, hosting the longest-running Challenger event in Brazil.

Campinas
Campinas (/kæmˈpiːnəs/ kam-PEE-nəs, Brazilian Portuguese: [kɐ̃ˈpinɐs]; lit. 'Plains, Meadows') is a city in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, located 84 kilometers northwest of the city of São Paulo. As of 2024, the city's population is estimated at 1,185,977, making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian city and the third most populous in São Paulo state. The city's metropolitan area encompasses twenty municipalities with a total population of 3,491,150 people.
Terason
Terason, a division of Teratech Corporation, is a global medical ultrasound imaging company headquartered in Burlington, Massachusetts, USA. Terason was the first to patent color portable ultrasound and is a market leader in ultrasound-guided venous intervention. Terason produces portable ultrasound products and technologies and has provided ultrasound systems to clinicians, hospitals, outpatient centers, and OEM partners since 2000.

Original equipment manufacturer
An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another company. However, the term is ambiguous, with several other common meanings: an OEM can be the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, an end-product producer, an automotive part that is manufactured by the same company that produced the original part used in the automobile's assembly, or a value-added reseller.
OEM manufacturing is also widely used in the packaging industry, particularly in the production of customized gift boxes for wine and spirits. These OEM producers allow brands to create unique holiday packaging without maintaining their own manufacturing facilities.
Castex (surname)
Castex is a Gascon surname meaning "castle". Notable people with the surname include:

Alphonse Castex (1899–1969), French Olympic athlete

Bertrand Pierre Castex (1771–1842) French general and viscount

Françoise Castex, French Socialist MP

Jean Castex (born 1965), French politician, Prime Minister of France from 2020 to 2022

Jean-Jacques Castex (1731–1822), French sculptor

Louis Castex (1868–1954), French sculptor

Louis Castex (1896–1968), French aviation pioneer

Michel Castex (born 1943), French journalist

Pierre Castex (1924–1991), French scriptwriter

Pierre-Georges Castex (1915–1995), literary critic

Raoul Castex, French Navy Vice Admiral (1878–1968), theorist of naval warfare

Jean-Jacques Castex
Jean-Jacques Castex (9 April 1731 – 1822) was a French sculptor.

Castex was born in Toulouse.  He participated in the Napoleonic Campaign in Egypt. In January 1799, he accompanied the geographer Bertre in his travel to Fayoum. He was part of the committee led by Pierre Girard which left Cairo on 19 March 1799 to go to Upper Egypt. He made a wax model, reduced to one third, of the Dendera zodiac. He created, after the drawings he had brought back from Egypt, a Zodiaque, which was exhibited at the Salon of 1819 in Paris. He remains famous for having carved an inscription on the stone of the great temple of Philae. Despite his talent, he died in poverty at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris.
The Apawamis Club
The Apawamis Club is a private country club located in Rye, New York, Westchester County, long known for its 18-hole golf course and prominence in the sport of squash. The 1911 U.S. Amateur was contested here, resulting in a playoff between the reigning British Amateur champion, Harold Hilton, and his lesser-known American opponent, Fred Herreshoff. Apawamis is also the home base of a nationally recognized junior squash program and hosts the world renowned Briggs Cup tournament.

Francis Ouimet
Francis DeSales Ouimet (/wiːˈmɛt/; May 8, 1893 – September 2, 1967) was an American amateur golfer who is frequently referred to as the "father of amateur golf" in the United States. He won the U.S. Open in 1913 and was the first non-Briton elected Captain of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews. He was posthumously inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974.
Day Night Day Night
Day Night Day Night is a 2006 drama film written and directed by Julia Loktev. It documents 48 hours in the life of an anonymous 19-year-old as she prepares to become a suicide bomber in Times Square. It premiered on May 25, 2006 in the Directors' Fortnight section of the 58th Annual Cannes Film Festival.

Directors' Fortnight
The Directors' Fortnight (French: Quinzaine des cinéastes, formerly Quinzaine des réalisateurs) is an independent section held in parallel to the Cannes Film Festival. It was started in 1969 by the French Directors Guild after the events of May 1968 resulted in cancellation of the Cannes festival as an act of solidarity with striking workers.

The Directors' Fortnight showcases a programme of shorts and feature films and documentaries worldwide.
Prasad Siriwardana
Warnakulasooriya Madduma Muthukalage Amila Prasad Siriwardana (born 29 June 1983) is a Sri Lankan politician, social activist, and member of parliament. He was elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka in 2024, representing the Gampaha Electoral District as a member of the Samagi Jana Balawegaya.

Siriwardana is a strong advocate for free-market economics and transitioning to an open economy system in Sri Lanka.

Open economy
An open economy is an economy in which both domestic and international entities participate in the trade of goods and services. This type of economy allows for the exchange of products, including technology transfers and managerial expertise. However, certain services, such as a country's railway operations, may not be easily exchanged internationally due to practical limitations.

In contrast, a closed economy restricts international trade and finance with other countries. In an open economy, the sale of goods or services to a foreign country is known as exporting, while the purchase of foreign goods or services is referred to as importing. Collectively, these activities form the basis of international trade.
Mifflin (surname)
Mifflin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fred Mifflin (1938–2013), retired Rear Admiral in the Canadian Forces and a former politician

James Mifflin (1839–?), United States Navy sailor in the American Civil War

Margot Mifflin, (born 1960), U.S. Author and professor

Ramón Mifflin (born 1947), Peruvian footballer

Thomas Mifflin (1744–1800), American merchant and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

George Harrison Mifflin (1845–1921), American publisher, co-founder with Henry Oscar Houghton of Houghton Mifflin Company

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)
In enzymology, methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) (EC 1.2.1.27) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are methylmalonic acid semialdehyde, coenzyme A (CoA), and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are propionyl-CoA, carbon dioxide, reduced NADH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase (CoA-propanoylating). Other names in common use include MSDH, and MMSA dehydrogenase.  This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: inositol metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, and propanoate metabolism.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Storm King Art Center
Storm King Art Center, commonly called Storm King and named for nearby Storm King Mountain, is an open-air museum near New Windsor, New York. It contains perhaps the largest collection of contemporary outdoor sculptures in the United States. Founded in 1960 by Ralph E. Ogden as a museum for Hudson River School paintings, it soon became a major sculpture venue with works from some of the most acclaimed artists of the 20th century. The site covers about 500 acres (200 ha; 0.78 sq mi), and is located about a one-hour drive north of Manhattan.

New Windsor, New York
New Windsor is a town in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 27,805 at the 2020 census. It is located on the eastern side of the county and is adjacent to the Hudson River and the City of Newburgh.
George Handyside
George Handyside was born into a poor working family in 1821 at Newton on the Moor near Felton, Northumberland. At age 26, he moved to Berwick with 17 shillings and within a few years, he owned a shoe factory employing over 100 people.

Felton, Northumberland
Felton is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, North East England, 8.9 miles (14 km) south of Alnwick and 12 miles (19 km) north of Morpeth. The nearest city, Newcastle upon Tyne, is 24 miles (39 km) south of the village, and the Scottish border is 37 miles (60 km) north of it. At the 2011 census, the parish had a population of 1531.

There are two bridges crossing the River Coquet. The older stone bridge dates to around the 15th century, while the newer concrete bridge was built in 1926. The older bridge is closed to traffic, and is often used for village events including wassailing at Christmas.

St Michael and All Angels church to the west of the village is a Grade I listed building.
Marinococcus tarijensis
Marinococcus tarijensis is a Gram-positive, coccoid-shaped and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinococcus which has been isolated from a salt crystal from a salt mine in Tarija in Bolivia.

Halophile
A halophile (from the Greek word for 'salt-loving') is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations. In chemical terms, halophile refers to a Lewis acidic species that has some ability to extract halides from other chemical species.

While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, such as the alga Dunaliella salina and fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Some well-known species give off a red color from carotenoid compounds, notably bacteriorhodopsin.

Halophiles can be found in water bodies with salt concentration more than five times greater than that of the ocean, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, Owens Lake in California, the Lake Urmia in Iran, the Dead Sea, and in evaporation ponds. They are theorized to be a possible analogues for modeling extremophiles that might live in the salty subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's Europa and similar moons.