hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norristown, Pennsylvania
Norristown is a borough with home rule status and the county seat of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States, in the Philadelphia metropolitan area.  Located along the Schuylkill River, approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) from Philadelphia, Norristown had a population of 35,748 as of the 2020 census. It is the fourth-most populous municipality in the county and second-most populous borough in Pennsylvania.

It is the largest non-township municipality in Montgomery County and is located 49.8 miles (80.1 km) southeast of Allentown and 19.9 miles (32.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia.

Home rule municipality (Pennsylvania)
In the U.S. commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a home rule municipality is one incorporated under its own unique charter, created pursuant to the state's home rule and optional plans law and approved by referendum.  "Local governments without home rule can only act where specifically authorized by state law; home rule municipalities can act anywhere except where they are specifically limited by state law".  Although many such municipalities have retained the word "Township" or "Borough" in their official names, the Pennsylvania Township and Borough Codes no longer apply to them. All three types of municipalities (cities, boroughs, and townships) may become a home rule municipality.
Proletarian University
Organisations which have adopted the name 'Proletarian University include:

Vpered, a grouping within the Bolshevik Party set up a prototype Proletarian University on the Isle of Capri in 1908.

Proletkult was involved in setting up the Proletarian University in Russia in 1918.

Proletarian Party of America was involved in the Proletarian University set up in Detroit.

Proletarian Party of America
The Proletarian Party of America (PPA) was a small communist political party in the United States, forming in 1920 and disbanding in 1971. Originally an offshoot of the Communist Party of America, the group maintained an independent existence for over five decades. It is best remembered for carrying forward Charles H. Kerr & Co., the oldest U.S. publisher of Marxist books.
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA (2M3HBA) is an intermediate in isoleucine catabolism.

It is a substrate for the enzyme 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.178) which converts it to 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA:

3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
In enzymology, 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.178) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are (2S,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryrl-CoA and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA, reduced NADH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-butyryl CoA dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation.
B'z Live-Gym Pleasure 2013 Endless Summer -XXV BEST-
B'z Live-Gym Pleasure 2013 Endless Summer -XXV BEST- is the twenty-fifth live DVD and Blu-ray released by Japanese rock duo B'z, on January 29, 2014. Two version, complete version and standard version, were released. The video sold more than 158,000 copies.

In the standard version, the movie was filmed at the International Stadium Yokohama (Nissan Stadium) on September 22, 2013, the final of the tour. In the complete version, besides performance at Nissan Stadium, it also consists of the performance at Aizu, Hukushima on July 31, 2013, the final of the hall tour.

B'z
B'z (Japanese: ビーズ, Hepburn: Bīzu) is a Japanese rock duo consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro "Tak" Matsumoto and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba, known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads. B'z is one of the best-selling music artists in the world and the best-selling in their native Japan by certifications, having released 50 consecutive No. 1 singles, 27 No. 1 albums, and 4 No. 1 EPs on the Oricon music charts, and have sold more than 100 million records worldwide.

In 2003, HMV Japan ranked them at number 30 on their list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts. In 2007, B'z became the first music act from Asia to have their handprints and signatures put up on Hollywood's RockWalk. In 2008, they were awarded a Guinness World Record for "Best-selling album act in Japan", which also notes them to be the best-selling act in Japan overall.
Tanisha (name)
Tanisha is a feminine given name in many cultures.

In the Sanskrit language, Tanisha is the feminine equivalent of the name Tanish and persons with the name are commonly Hindu by religion or of the Indo-Aryan peoples.

Tanisha is a Hausa variant transcription of the name Tani (Hausa and English) and means born on a Monday in Hausa.

Tanisha is also a variant transcription of the name Tansy (English). It can also be a combination of Ta- with Aisha.

Tanisha meaning child saint is spelled `Tana Shah' in Urdu or as Tani Shah, meaning "benevolent ruler".

Indo-Aryan peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples (also known as Indic peoples in the context of Indo-European studies) are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the pastoralists who spoke Indo-Iranian languages, migrated from Central Asia into South Asia, and introduced the Proto-Indo-Aryan language. The early Indo-Aryan peoples were known to be closely related to the Iranian group that have resided west of the Indus River on the Iranian Plateau; an evident connection in cultural, linguistic, and historical ties. Today, the majority of Indo-Aryan speakers are found south of Hindu Kush and east of the Indus, across the modern-day regions of Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and northern half of India as well as parts of Afghanistan (Kunar).
Otto Schneider-Orelli
Otto Schneider-Orelli (10 August 1880 in Münchenbuchsee – 31 October 1965 in Zürich) was a Swiss entomologist.

He studied natural sciences at the universities of Neuchâtel (1899) and Bern (1900–05). Following graduation, he worked as an assistant under Hermann Müller-Thurgau at the research institute for arboriculture, horticulture and viticulture in Wädenswil, where from 1913, he worked as an entomologist. From 1928 to 1950 he served as an associate professor of entomology at ETH Zurich and as director of the Institute of Entomology.

From 1917 onward, he was curator of collections at the entomology museum of ETH Zurich. He specialized in the fields of agricultural and forest entomology. He was the author of many treatises on phylloxera.

University of Bern
The University of Bern (German: Universität Bern, French: Université de Berne, Latin: Universitas Bernensis) is a public research university in the Swiss capital of Bern. It was founded in 1834. It is regulated and financed by the canton of Bern. It is a comprehensive university offering a broad choice of courses and programs in eight faculties and some 150 institutes. With around 19,000 students, the University of Bern is the third largest university in Switzerland.
Lyaskovets
Lyaskovets (Bulgarian: Лясковец [ˈʎaskovet͡s]) is a town in central northern Bulgaria, located in homonymous municipality of Veliko Tarnovo Province, 10 km northeast of Veliko Tarnovo, 2 km southeast of Gorna Oryahovitsa and 5 km south of the Yantra River, north of the Balkan Mountains. Its name comes from the word leska ('hazel') or leshnik ('hazelnut'), because the tree was abundant in the area. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 10,314.

Lyaskovets Peak, in the sub-Antarctic, is named after the town.

Hazel
Hazels are plants of the genus Corylus of deciduous trees and large shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The genus is usually placed in the birch family, Betulaceae, though some botanists split the hazels (with the hornbeams and allied genera) into a separate family Corylaceae. The fruit of the hazel is the hazelnut.
Rutger ten Velde
Rutger ten velde (born 5 March 1997) is a Dutch handball player for the German team TuS N-Lübbecke and the Dutch national team.

He represented the Netherlands at the 2022 European Men's Handball Championship. Ten Velde finished the 2024 European Men's Handball Championship as fifth on the overall top scorer list with 45 goals during the tournament.

After the event the German Bundesliga team Frisch Auf! Göppingen announced that Ten Velde has signed for two seasons starting from the 2024/2025 season.

2024 European Men's Handball Championship
The 2024 EHF European Men's Handball Championship was the 16th edition of the tournament and the third to feature 24 national teams. It was hosted in Germany from 10 to 28 January 2024.

The two opening games of the tournament were attended by 53,586 spectators, setting a world record for the largest audience at a handball event. Additionally, the tournament achieved a record for the highest total number of spectators in handball history, becoming the first to exceed one million attendees.

France won their first title in a decade after defeating Denmark in the final. Defending champions Sweden captured the bronze medal after defeating hosts Germany.
Stickney House (Lockport, New York)
Stickney House is a historic home located at Lockport in Niagara County, New York.  It is a two-story stone structure built in 1854 by Marcus Stickney, an early settler of Lockport, in the Italianate style.  It is one of approximately 75 stone residences remaining in the city of Lockport.

In 1836, Marcus Stickney, an abolitionist, bought the property where this house is currently located. He was born in Ithaca and served as postmaster. Stickney moved to nearby Lewiston and started a mercantile store, then moved to Lockport and opened another store. His son Washington inherited the property in 1846 and the house was built several years later.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Niagara County, New York
Niagara County is in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 212,666.  The county seat is Lockport. The county name is from the Iroquois word Onguiaahra; meaning the strait or thunder of waters. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Niagara County is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area, and across the Canada–US border is the province of Ontario.

It is the location of Niagara Falls and Fort Niagara, and has many parks and lake shore recreation communities. In the summer of 2008, Niagara County celebrated its 200th birthday with the first settlement of the county, of Niagara Falls.
Ie Chōboku
Ie Ueekata Chōboku (伊江 親方 朝睦; 1731 – ?) also known by Ie Ueekata Chōkei (伊江 親方 朝慶) and his Chinese style name Shō Tenteki (向 天迪), was a bureaucrat of the Ryukyu Kingdom. He served as a member of sanshikan from 1782 to 1801.

In 1775, he and Kōchi Ryōtoku was ordered to make the first statutory law in Ryukyuan history by King Shō Boku. The law was completed in 1786. and was jointly signed by Ie and his two colleges, Yonabaru Ryōku (与那原 良矩) and Fukuyama Chōki (譜久山 朝紀). Later, it was officially promulgated and implemented by the king in the same year.

The mountain forests in Nakagami and Kunigami were withered. Ie was sent there to deal with it. He managed to propagate them by cutting off withered trees and planting trees in a reasonable method.

Ie's diary, Ie Ueekata Hinikki (伊江親方日々記), was a very important history record.

Ie was also the Eboshioya (烏帽子親) of King Shō On.

Ueekata
Ueekata (親方), in the Okinawan language, was the highest rank in the yukatchu aristocracy of the former Ryukyu Kingdom (modern-day Okinawa, Japan), though it was still below the aji nobility. Members of the Council of Three (三司官, Sanshikan), a very high-ranking governmental body, were chosen from among the ueekata.

Ueekata rank was generally obtained as the last step in a progression from shii (子) rank to satonushi (里之子), then to peekumi (親雲上), and finally to ueekata. As with other Ryukyuan aristocratic titles, a member would often be referred to by their title, along with an associated placename. For example, royal government official Tei Dō (1549-1611) is equally well known by the title Jana Ueekata, or "ueekata of Jana," Jana (謝名) being an area (specifically, an azana) within what is today the city of Ginowan, Okinawa.

Holders of ueekata rank wore purple hachimachi headbands, the color being a symbol of rank.
Diocese of El Tigre
The Diocese of El Tigre (Latin: Dioecesis Tigrensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in the state of Anzoátegui, Venezuela. It episcopal see is the city of El Tigre. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Cumaná.

Anzoátegui
Anzoátegui State (Spanish: Estado Anzoátegui, IPA: [esˈtaðo ansoˈateɣi]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela, located in the northeastern region of the country. Anzoátegui is well known for its beaches that attract many visitors. Its coast consists of a single beach approximately 100 km (62 mi) long. Its capital is the city of Barcelona, and significant cities include Puerto la Cruz and El Tigre.
Papyrus 134
Papyrus 134 (designated as 𝔓134 in the Gregory-Aland numbering system) is a small surviving portion of an early copy of part of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of John. The text survives in three discontinuous fragments on one side of a scroll containing parts of verses 1:49-51 and 2:1. The manuscript has been assigned paleographically to the third or fourth century.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Do You Get Enough Love
"Do You Get Enough Love" is a 1986 R&B ballad by The Jones Girls vocalist, Shirley Jones.  The single was a number-one hit on the U.S. R&B chart for two weeks.  "Do You Get Enough Love" was written by Bunny Sigler and produced by Sigler and Kenny Gamble.

Gamble and Huff
Kenneth Gamble (born August 11, 1943, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and Leon A. Huff (born April 8, 1942, Camden, New Jersey) are an American songwriting and production duo credited for developing the Philadelphia soul music genre (also known as Philly sound) of the 1970s. In addition to forming their own label, Philadelphia International Records, Gamble and Huff have written and produced 175 gold and platinum records, earning them an induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the non-performer category in March 2008.
Robert Arno
Robert Arno, from the ITT Exelis Advanced Information Systems of Rome, NY, was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 "for contributions in applying stochastic modeling techniques to power distribution systems for critical facilities."

Stochastic modelling (insurance)
This page is concerned with the stochastic modelling as applied to the insurance industry.  For other stochastic modelling applications, please see Monte Carlo method and Stochastic asset models.  For mathematical definition, please see Stochastic process.

"Stochastic" means being or having a random variable. A stochastic model is a tool for estimating probability distributions of potential outcomes by allowing for random variation in one or more inputs over time. The random variation is usually based on fluctuations observed in historical data for a selected period using standard time-series techniques. Distributions of potential outcomes are derived from a large number of simulations (stochastic projections) which reflect the random variation in the input(s).

Its application initially started in physics. It is now being applied in engineering, life sciences, social sciences, and finance. See also Economic capital.
Bützow–Szczecin railway
The Bützow–Szczecin railway is a nearly 200 km-long, mostly non-electrified, single-track main line railway running mostly in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The first section of the line between Bützow and Güstrow was opened in 1850 by the Mecklenburg Railway Company (German: Mecklenburgische Eisenbahngesellschaft) and is one of the oldest railways in Germany and is part of the Leipzig–Magdeburg–Schwerin–Rostock main line.

Deutsche Reichsbahn
The Deutsche Reichsbahn (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʁaɪçsˌbaːn]), also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regional railways of the individual states of the German Empire. The Deutsche Reichsbahn has been described as "the largest enterprise in the capitalist world in the years between 1920 and 1932"; nevertheless, its importance "arises primarily from the fact that the Reichsbahn was at the center of events in a period of great turmoil in German history".
Taipei Prison
24°59′42″N 121°20′17″E﻿ / ﻿24.9950°N 121.3380°E﻿ / 24.9950; 121.3380

The Taipei Prison, Agency of Corrections, Ministry of Justice (Chinese: 法務部矯正署臺北監獄; pinyin: Fǎwùbù Jiǎozhèngshǔ Táiběi Jiānyù, Nickname: 北監/北监 Běijiān) is a prison located in Guishan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice.

It can hold up to 2,705 prisoners. It houses criminals who have committed serious crimes and repeat criminals from northern Taiwan who are sentenced to at least ten years in prison. Taipei Prison houses foreign prisoners. Three branch prisons of Taipei Prison, Taipei Detention Center, Shilin Detention Center, and Sindian Detention Center, hold prisoners with sentences of less than five years each.

Shilin District
Shilin District (also spelled Shihlin District, Chinese: 士林區; pinyin: Shìlínqū; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sū-lîm-khu) is a district of Taipei. The central command center of the Republic of China Navy (ROCN) is located in Shilin.
International Tibet Network
The International Tibet Network, established in 2000, is a global coalition of Tibet-related non-governmental organisations campaigning to end China's occupation and human rights violations in Tibet, and restore rights to the Tibetan people. Its purpose is to maximise the effectiveness of the worldwide Tibetan Freedom Movement. The Network works to increase the capacity of individual member organisations, develops coordinated strategic campaigns, and encourages increased cooperation among organisations.

Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China
Central Tibet came under the control of the People's Republic of China (PRC) after the government of Tibet signed the Seventeen Point Agreement which the 14th Dalai Lama ratified on 24 October 1951. This followed attempts by the Tibetan government to modernize its military, negotiate with the PRC, and the defeat of the Tibetan Army by the People's Liberation Army at Chamdo in western Kham that resulted in several thousand casualties and captives. The Chinese government calls the signing of the agreement the "Peaceful Liberation of Tibet". The events are called the "Chinese invasion of Tibet" by the Central Tibetan Administration and the Tibetan diaspora.

The Tibetan government and local social structure remained in place under the authority of China until they were dissolved after the 1959 Tibetan uprising, when the 14th Dalai Lama fled into exile and repudiated the Seventeen Point Agreement, saying that he had approved it under duress.
Francis Adriano
Francis Adriano (born September 24, 1975) is a Filipino former professional basketball player. Drafted 6th overall by Sta. Lucia in 2001, he started his pro career with the now-defunct Metropolitan Basketball Association. He also played in the Philippine Basketball Association, ASEAN Basketball League, and Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League.

2001 PBA draft
The 2001 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) rookie draft was an event at which teams drafted players from the amateur ranks. It was held on January 14, 2001, at the Glorietta Activity Center at Makati.
1990 Nivea Cup
The 1990 Nivea Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Esporte Clube Pinheiros in São Paulo, Brazil and was part of the Tier V category of the 1991 WTA Tour. It was the eighth edition of the tournament and was held from 29 November through 2 December 1990. Fifth-seeded Veronika Martinek won the singles title and earned $13,500 first-prize money.

1991 WTA Tour
The 1991 WTA Tour (officially titled 1991 Kraft General Foods World Tour after its sponsor) was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 1991 tennis season.

The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Alara of Kush
Alara was a King of Kush, who is generally regarded as the founder of the Napatan royal dynasty by his 25th Dynasty Kushite successors and was the first recorded prince of Kush. He unified all of Upper Nubia from Meroë to the Third Cataract and is possibly attested at the Temple of Amun at Kawa. Alara also established Napata as the religious capital of Kush. Alara himself was not a 25th dynasty Kushite king since he never controlled any region of Egypt during his reign compared to his two immediate successors: Kashta and Piye respectively. Nubian literature credits him with a substantial reign since future Nubian kings requested that they might enjoy a reign as long as Alara's. His memory was also central to the origin myth of the Kushite kingdom, which was embellished with new elements over time. Alara was a deeply revered figure in Nubian culture and the first Kushite king whose name came down to scholars.

Kawa, Sudan
Kawa, known as Gematon ("Aten is perceived") in ancient Egyptian texts and as Patigga or Patinga during Greco-Roman times, is a town and archaeological site in Sudan, located between the third and fourth cataracts of the Nile on the east bank of the river, across from Dongola. In ancient times it was the site of several temples to the Egyptian god Amun, built by the pharaohs Amenhotep III and Tutankhamun, and by Taharqa and other kings of Kush.

Westerners became aware of the site in the late 19th century. Small digs were carried out in 1929 and 1930 and an extensive excavation began 22 November 1930. A new era of exploration at the site began in 1997.
1956 Men's British Open Squash Championship
The 1956 Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 21 March – 26 March. Hashim Khan won his sixth consecutive title defeating Roshan Khan in the final.

Hashim Khan set a new record by winning a sixth title overtaking the previous record set by F.D. Amr Bey

Hashim Khan
Hashim Khan SI TQA (Pashto: ہاشم خان; c. 1910 to 1914 – 18 August 2014) was a squash player from Pakistan. He won the British Open Squash Championships (the then de facto world championship) a total of seven times, from 1951 to 1956, and then again in 1958. Khan was the patriarch of the Khan squash family of Pakistan, which dominated the sport from the 1950s through the 1980s.