hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louise L. Sloan
Louise Littig Sloan (May 31, 1898 – March 1, 1982) was an American ophthalmologist and vision scientist. She is credited for being a pioneer of the sub-division of clinical vision research, contributing more than 100 scientific articles in which she either authored or co-authored. Her most notable work was in the area of visual acuity testing where she developed and improved equipment. Sloan received her Ph.D. from Bryn Mawr College in experimental psychology. She spent a short period of time in both Bryn Mawr's experimental psychology program as well as the Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School. The majority of her career, however, was spent at Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute where she directed the Wilmer Laboratory of Physiological Optics for 44 years. In 1971, Sloan was the second woman awarded the prestigious Edgar D. Tillyer Award by Optica (formerly Optical Society (OSA) for her many achievements in the field of vision.

Edgar Tillyer
Edgar Derry Tillyer (December 7, 1881 – December 25, 1970) was an American astronomer, computer and lens designer who was the director of research at the American Optical Company.  The Optical Society established an award for distinction in the field of vision which is named in his honor, as he was the first award winner in 1954.

Born in Dover, New Jersey, Tillyer attended Dover High School, earned his undergraduate degree from Rutgers University and a Master's from George Washington University.
Wilbur Hockensmith
Wilbur Darwin Hockensmith Sr. (August 17, 1878 – August 19, 1951) was the head coach of the football team at the Western University of Pennsylvania, today known as the University of Pittsburgh Panthers, in 1901. On October 5, 1901, Hockensmith led the school to a victory over West Virginia University, a 12–0 shutout in Morgantown. This was Pitt's first victory in the Backyard Brawl. The team would also post a record 7 wins in 1901 under Hockensmith.

Backyard Brawl
The Backyard Brawl is the name given to the Pittsburgh–West Virginia rivalry. It is an American college sports rivalry between the University of Pittsburgh Panthers and the West Virginia University Mountaineers. While historically a rivalry between the two schools' football programs, the term "Backyard Brawl" has also been used to refer to college basketball games played annually or semi-annually and may also be used to refer to other athletic competitions between the two schools. It is a registered trademark for both universities, and refers to the close proximity of the two universities, separated by 75 miles (105 km) along Interstate 79. The football rivalry is the 14th oldest in the United States and is typically shown on national television. In the past, the Backyard Brawl has been seen on ABC, CBS, ESPN, and ESPN2.
Portland Museum of Art
The Portland Museum of Art, or PMA, is the largest and oldest public art institution in Maine. Founded as the Portland Society of Art in 1882. It is located in the downtown area known as The Arts District in Portland, Maine.

Fundraising
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capital for for-profit enterprises.

Traditionally, fundraising has consisted mostly of asking for donations through face-to-face fundraising, such as door-knocking. In recent years, though, new forms such as online fundraising or grassroots fundraising have emerged.
Rauschs, Pennsylvania
Rauschs is an unincorporated community and coal town in  East Brunswick Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was also called Rausch and is located along the east side of the Little Schuylkill River and on the north foot of Blue Mountain. It is served by the New Ringgold post office with the Zip Code of 17960.

Coal town
A coal town, also known as a coal camp or patch, is a type of company town or mining community established by the employer, a mining company, which imports workers to the site to work the mineral find. The company develops it and provides residences for a population of miners and related workers to reside near the coal mine. The 'town founding' process is not limited to mining, but this type of development typically takes place where mineral wealth is located in a remote or undeveloped area. The company opens the site for exploitation by first, constructing transportation infrastructure to serve it, and later to establish residences for workers. Mineral resources were sometimes found as the result of logging operations that established clear-cut area. Geologists and cartographers could then chart and plot the lands for exploitation.
Sökün, Silifke
Sökün is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 517 (2022). It is situated in the Göksu Delta. It is almost merged to Kurtuluş another village to the southwest of Sökün. The distance to Silifke is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) and to Mersin is 86 kilometres (53 mi). The main economic activity is farming. The area around the village is fertile. But being a low altitude village, in some years the village suffers flood damage. Almost all crops native to Mediterranean are produced. But strawberry is the most pronounced crop.

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Bukcheong sajanoreum
Bukcheong sajanoreum (Korean: 북청사자놀음) is a traditional play in Korea which was selected as the 15th Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea, next to Hansan mosijjagi. It was performed in Pukchong, South Hamgyong Province in Korea every the 15th day of the New Year according to the lunar calendar, and involves dancing with a lion mask. Its origins are rooted in a folk belief that lions have the power to turn away the evil ghosts and bring peace.

National Intangible Cultural Heritage (South Korea)
National Intangible Cultural Heritage (Korean: 국가무형문화재) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for intangible cultural heritage. This and other national-level designations are maintained by South Korea's Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA).

There is a separate local-level designation called "Intangible Cultural Properties". That designation is administered by provinces or cities rather than by the CHA.

Practices of particular importance can be designated as Important Intangible Cultural Properties (중요무형문화재).
Wei Mei-hui
Wei Mei-hui (Chinese: 魏美惠; pinyin: Wèi Měihuì, born 18 August 1963) is a Taiwanese retired para table tennis player. She has won three medals from the 2000 Summer Paralympics and 2004 Summer Paralympics.

Wei is a polio survivor. She has a twin sister who is not disabled. She began playing table tennis in 1990.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Catamorphosis
Catamorphosis is an orchestral composition written by the Icelandic composer Anna S. Þorvaldsdóttir. The work was co-commissioned by the Stiftung Berliner Philharmoniker, the New York Philharmonic, the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, and the Iceland Symphony Orchestra. It was first performed by the Berlin Philharmonic conducted by Kirill Petrenko at the Berliner Philharmonie on January 27, 2021.

Kirill Petrenko
Kirill Garrievich Petrenko (Russian: Кирилл Гарриевич Петренко, Latin script: Kirill Garrievič Petrenko; born 11 February 1972) is a Russian-Austrian conductor. He is chief conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic.
Solar eclipse of September 21, 1903
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, September 21, 1903, with a magnitude of 1.0316. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.1 days after perigee (on September 19, 1904, at 2:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

The path of totality crossed Antarctica and the south Indian Ocean. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Southeast Africa, Southern Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica.

Southeast Africa
Southern Africa, or Southeastern Africa, is an African region that is intermediate between East Africa and Southern Africa. It comprises the countries Burundi, Botswana, Eswatini, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe in the mainland, with the island-nations of Madagascar, Mauritius, Comoros, and Seychelles also included.
MCJ and Cool G
MCJ and Cool G were a four time Juno Award–nominated Canadian hip hop duo from Halifax, Nova Scotia. The duo were James McQuaid (MCJ), originally part of the Halifax hip hop group New Beginning, and Richard Gray (Cool G). MCJ was the rapper and Cool G mostly sang the choruses.  Their sound was new jack swing which was popular at the time. MCJ and Cool G have a lifetime achievement award from ANSMA and a pioneer award from the ECMAS. Cool G is owner of Pyoor entertainment and host of his own podcast So Listen.

New jack swing
New jack swing, new jack, or swingbeat is a fusion genre of the rhythms and production techniques of hip hop and dance-pop, and the urban contemporary sound of R&B. Spearheaded by producers Teddy Riley, Bernard Belle, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, and Dallas Austin, new jack swing was most popular from the late 1980s to early 1990s.

New jack swing can be defined as "pop music usually performed by black musicians that combines elements of jazz, funk, rap, and rhythm and blues." New jack swing producers created synthesized tunes and sampled beats, using digital synthesizers (such as the Yamaha DX7 and Roland D50), drum machines (such as the Roland TR-808 and LinnDrum, and frequently the Roland R-8) and samplers (such as the SP-1200 and Akai samplers), to lay an "insistent beat under light melody lines and clearly enunciated vocals." The TR-808 in particular was sampled to create distinctive, syncopated, swung rhythms, with its snare sound being especially prominent.
Funky Dory (song)
"Funky Dory" is a song by English singer-songwriter Rachel Stevens, released as the second single from Stevens's debut solo album of the same name. It was produced by David Eriksen for Murlyn Music. It was written by Martin Brammer (Kane Gang) and Gary Clark (Danny Wilson). Due to the song being built around a sample of the David Bowie song "Andy Warhol", he is credited as a writer on "Funky Dory". The song received mixed reviews from music critics.

Kane Gang
The Kane Gang are an English pop trio formed in Durham in 1982. The group comprised Martin Brammer, Paul Woods and Dave Brewis. They scored several UK and US hits in the 1980s. The group announced a 40th anniversary comeback tour, of three dates, on 14 August 2024.
Common whitethroat
The common whitethroat or greater whitethroat (Curruca communis) is a common and widespread Old World warbler which breeds throughout Europe and across much of temperate western Asia. This small passerine bird is strongly migratory, and winters in tropical Africa, Arabia, and Pakistan.

Sylviidae
Sylviidae is a family of passerine birds that includes the typical warblers Sylvia, and the closely related genus Curruca, formerly included in Sylvia. They are found in Eurasia and Africa, with the greatest diversity in the Mediterranean region.
Igraph
igraph is a library collection for creating and manipulating graphs and analyzing networks. It is written in C and also exists as Python and R packages. There exists moreover an interface for Mathematica. The software is widely used in academic research in network science and related fields. The publication that introduces the software has 13502 citations as of July 3, 2024 (2024-07-03) according to Google Scholar.

igraph was originally developed by Gábor Csárdi and Tamás Nepusz. It is written in the C programming language in order to achieve good performance and it is freely available under GNU General Public License Version 2.

Complex network
In the context of network theory, a complex network is a graph (network) with non-trivial topological features—features that do not occur in simple networks such as lattices or random graphs but often occur in networks representing real systems. The study of complex networks is a young and active area of scientific research (since 2000) inspired largely by empirical findings of real-world networks such as computer networks, biological networks, technological networks, brain networks, climate networks and social networks.
Jacob Valero
Jacob Valero (1813–1874) was the founder of the first private bank in Palestine,  Jacob Valero & Company.

In 1839, Jacob (Ya'akov) Valero appeared in Jewish communal records as a ritual slaughterer of the Sephardi community in Jerusalem. In 1849, he was described as a "talmid hakham" (scholar). In 1835, his profession was listed as "moneychanger." He opened his bank in 1848 in the Old City of Jerusalem and managed it until his death. The Valero Bank financed the building of a railway from Jaffa to Jerusalem.

The Bank financed the building of the Prince Sergei Hostel in the Russian Compound and handled the money for Kaiser Wilhelm's grand entrance into Jerusalem in 1898.

Valero was an Ottoman subject until 1860, and then became a subject of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The bank closed in 1915.

Shechita
In Judaism, shechita (anglicized: /ʃəxiːˈtɑː/; Hebrew: שחיטה; [ʃχiˈta]; also transliterated shehitah, shechitah, shehita) is ritual slaughtering of certain mammals and birds for food according to kashrut. One who practices this, a kosher butcher, is called a shochet.
2023–24 Scottish Premiership
The 2023–24 Scottish Premiership (known as the cinch Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the eleventh season of the Scottish Premiership, the highest division of Scottish football, and the 127th edition overall of the top national league competition, not including one cancelled due to World War II. The season began on 5 August 2023.

On 15 May, Celtic successfully defended their title, securing a tenth Premiership title and 54th Scottish league title overall, following a 5–0 victory away to Kilmarnock.

Twelve teams contested the league: Aberdeen, Celtic, Dundee, Heart of Midlothian, Hibernian, Kilmarnock, Livingston, Motherwell, Rangers, Ross County, St Johnstone and St Mirren.

Scottish Professional Football League
The Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) is the national men's association football league in Scotland. The league was formed in June 2013 following a merger between the Scottish Premier League and the Scottish Football League. As well as operating its league competition, which consists of the top four levels of the Scottish football league system, the SPFL also operates two domestic cup competitions, the Scottish League Cup and the Scottish Challenge Cup. While the Scottish Cup includes all the teams within the SPFL, the competition is run and organised by the Scottish Football Association.
Rayl
A rayl (symbol Rayl) is one of two units of specific acoustic impedance and characteristic acoustic impedance; one an MKS unit, and the other a CGS unit. These have the same dimensions as momentum per volume.

The units are named after John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh. They are not to be confused with the unit of photon flux, the  rayleigh.

Pascal (unit)
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is an SI coherent derived unit defined as one newton per square metre (N/m2). It is also equivalent to 10 barye (10 Ba) in the CGS system. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which is equal to one millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1,000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar.

The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101325 Pa.
Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, thus a standard atmosphere or typical sea-level air pressure is about 1,013 hPa. Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury or millibars (hectopascals). In Canada, these reports are given in kilopascals.
Times and Winds
Times and Winds or (Turkish: Beş Vakit) is a 2006 Turkish drama film directed and written by Reha Erdem. The film premiered in the United States on January 11, 2008. It won the Best Turkish Film of the Year Award at the Istanbul International Film Festival.

2006 in film
The following is an overview of events in 2006, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths. Pixar celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2006 with the release of its 7th film, Cars.
The Man Without a Country (1937 film)
The Man Without a Country is a 1937 American short drama film directed by Crane Wilbur in Technicolor. It was nominated for an Academy Award at the 10th Academy Awards in 1937 for Best Short Subject (Color). This film is preserved in the Library of Congress.

It is a remake of the 1917 film of the same name, based on the 1863 short story by Edward Everett Hale. Actor Holmes Herbert appeared in both versions. A 1925 Fox film based on the story and directed by Rowland V. Lee is now considered to be a lost film.

Edward Everett Hale
Edward Everett Hale (April 3, 1822 – June 10, 1909) was an American author, historian, and Unitarian minister, best known for his writings such as "The Man Without a Country", published in Atlantic Monthly, in support of the Union during the Civil War. He was the grand-nephew of Nathan Hale, the American spy during the Revolutionary War.
TME Pharma
TME Pharma, formerly NOXXON Pharma, is a biotechnology company founded in 1997 in Berlin, Germany which specialises on cancer treatment by targeting the tumor microenvironment. TME Pharma N.V. is listed on Euronext Growth, Paris (ALTME)and is a member of the German Association of Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies, Verband forschender Arzneimittelhersteller (vfa).

TME Pharma develops drugs using technology yielding L-RNA molecules, which are of mirror-image configuration compared to naturally occurring D-RNA molecules. The company calls these agents Spiegelmers, from Spiegel, the German word for "mirror."

The L-RNA are resistant to the natural RNA nuclease enzymes.

CCL2
The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is also referred to as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) and small inducible cytokine A2. CCL2 is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family. CCL2 tightly regulates cellular mechanics and thereby recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to the sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or infection.
Return on capital
Return on capital (ROC), or return on invested capital (ROIC), is a ratio used in finance, valuation and accounting, as a measure of the profitability and value-creating potential of companies relative to the amount of capital invested by shareholders and other debtholders. It indicates how effective a company is at turning capital into profits.

The ratio is calculated by dividing the after tax operating income (NOPAT) by the average book-value of the invested capital (IC).

Weighted average cost of capital
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the rate that a company is expected to pay on average to all its security holders to finance its assets. The WACC is commonly referred to as the firm's cost of capital. Importantly, it is dictated by the external market and not by management. The WACC represents the minimum return that a company must earn on an existing asset base to satisfy its creditors, owners, and other providers of capital, or they will invest elsewhere.

Companies raise money from a number of sources: common stock, preferred stock and related rights, debt, convertible debt, and so on. The WACC is calculated taking into account the relative weights of each component of the capital structure.

Companies can use WACC to see if the investment projects available to them are worthwhile to undertake.
St Theobald's Church, Thann
The Collégiale Saint-Thiébaut (Saint-Theobald collegiate church) in Thann, Haut-Rhin is one of the most ornate Gothic churches in the whole Upper Rhenish region (Alsace, Baden, North-Western Switzerland, Palatinate). Of its 76 meters high spire, it is said that "The spire of Strasbourg is the highest, the spire of Freiburg is the broadest but the spire of Thann is the prettiest." In spite of its name, the church is actually dedicated to Saint-Ubald, of which it keeps a finger as a relic. It is listed as a Monument historique since 1841 by the French Ministry of Culture.

Baden
Baden (/ˈbɑːdən/; German: [ˈbaːdn̩]) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine.