hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barbara Buckley
Barbara Buckley (born November 23, 1960, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American attorney and Democratic Party politician who served as a member of the Nevada Assembly, representing Clark County District 8 from 1994 to 2011.  She served as Assembly Speaker from 2007 to 2011, the first woman in Nevada history to serve as Speaker. She also served as Majority Leader of the Assembly from 2001 to 2007. Recently enacted term limits prevented Buckley from seeking re-election in the 2010 elections. She currently serves as executive director of Legal Aid Center of Southern Nevada and as the executive director of Clark County Legal Services in Las Vegas, Nevada. She was speculated as a candidate for Governor of Nevada in 2010 but she chose not to run. She considered running in 2014 but again declined to do so, saying that "I am not getting back into the political world".

Nevada State Assembly
39°09′42″N 119°45′58″W﻿ / ﻿39.161643°N 119.766139°W﻿ / 39.161643; -119.766139
The Nevada State Assembly is the lower house of the Nevada Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Nevada, the upper house being the Nevada State Senate. The body consists of 42 members, elected to two-year terms from single-member districts. Each district contained approximately 64,299 people as of the 2010 United States census. Term limits, limiting assembly members to six 2-year terms (12 years), took effect in 2010.

The Nevada Assembly met at the Nevada State Capitol in Carson City until 1971, when a separate Legislative Building was constructed south of the Capitol.  The Legislative Building was expanded in 1997 to its current appearance to accommodate the growing Nevada Legislature. Since the 2012 session, Assembly districts have been formed by dividing the 21 Senate districts in half, so that each Assembly district is nested within a Senate district.
2007 Sasebo shooting
On 14 December 2007, a gunman opened fire in a gym in Sasebo, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, killing two people and wounding six others, among them two children. 37-year-old Masayoshi Magome (Japanese: 馬込政義, Magome Masayoshi), the shooter and a longtime resident of Sasebo, was found dead in a nearby Catholic church the following day, having apparently died by suicide.

Gym
A gym, short for gymnasium (pl.: gymnasiums or gymnasia), is an indoor venue for exercise and sports. The word is derived from the ancient Greek term "gymnasion". They are commonly found in athletic and fitness centres, and as activity and learning spaces in educational institutions. "Gym" is also the commonly used name for a "fitness centre" or health club, which is often an area for indoor recreation. A "gym" may include or describe adjacent open air areas as well. In Western countries, "gyms" often describe places with indoor or outdoor courts for basketball, hockey, tennis, boxing or wrestling, and with equipment and machines used for physical development training, or to do exercises. In many European countries, Gymnasium (and variations of the word) also can describe a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university, with or without the presence of athletic courts, fields, or equipment.
Finlay Enterprises
Finlay Enterprises Inc. was a holding company based in New York that conducted business through its wholly owned subsidiary "Finlay Fine Jewelry". It was founded in 1887. Finlay Enterprises Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in August, 2009.

Finlay operated the fine jewelry departments in many department stores. The department space was leased to Finlay. The number of locations Finlay operated at the end of the second quarter ended August 1, 2009 totaled 182, including 67 Bailey Banks & Biddle, 34 Carlyle and four Congress specialty jewelry stores and 77 licensed departments with The Bon-Ton.

Finlay operated in department store groups such as Macy's Inc. (Formerly Federated Department Stores), Bloomingdale's, Bon Ton Department Stores, Lord & Taylor, Dillard's, and Gottschalks.  The company also owned and operated specialty stores such as Carlyle & Co, J.E. Caldwell & Co., and Park Promenade Jewellers.

Dillard's
Dillard's, Inc. is an American department store chain founded in 1938 by William T. Dillard. It is headquartered in Little Rock, Arkansas, and operates approximately 272 stores in 30 states. Currently, the largest number of stores are located in Texas with 57 and Florida with 42.
Israel Hershkovitz
Israel Hershkovitz (Hebrew: ישראל הרשקוביץ) is an Israeli anthropologist and anatomist, and a Professor Emeritus at Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences. Hershkovitz is known for his extensive study of skeletal remains from various prehistoric and historic populations in Israel, including significant discoveries from Qesem Cave, Misliya Cave, Skhul Cave, Geula Cave, Tinshemet Cave, Manot Cave and Nesher Ramla open-air site. He founded and led the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research and the Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, and he held the Tassia and Dr. Joseph Meyshan Chair of the History and Philosophy of Medicine.

Manot Cave
Manot Cave (Hebrew: מערת מנות Me'arat Manot) is a cave in Western Galilee, Israel, discovered in 2008. It is notable for the discovery of a skull that belongs to a modern human, called Manot 1, which is estimated to be 54,700 years old (U–Th dating of the calcitic crust on the Manot 1 calvaria and of speleothems in the cave). The partial skull was discovered at the beginning of the cave's exploration in 2008. Its significance was realised after detailed scientific analysis, and was first published in an online edition of Nature on 28 January 2015. This age implies that the specimen is the oldest known human outside Africa, and is evidence that modern humans lived side-by-side with Neanderthals. The cave is also noted for its "impressive archaeological record of flint and bone artefacts". Geologically, it is an "active stalactite cave".
Poddąbie
Poddąbie [pɔdˈdɔmbjɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ustka within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is located on the Slovincian Coast in the historic region of Pomerania.

Slovincian Coast
The Slovincian Coast (Polish: Wybrzeże Słowińskie; Kashubian: Słowińsczé Ùbrzeżé) (313.41) is  a mesoregion, the northernmost part of the Koszalin Coast, with an area of 1132 km2. The highest hill is Rowokół, at 114,8 metres above sea level. The coast stretches from the west at Kołobrzeg, up to the east at Karwia. The region’s landscape mainly compromises of dunes, marshland and lakes (such as Łebsko Lake). The region is sparsely populated. The towns of Łeba, Ustka, Darłowo and Mielno are located on the coast. In the region of the Slovincian Coast is the Słowiński National Park, and the spas of Ustka and Dąbki.
Miseinen Dakedo Kodomo Janai
Miseinen Dakedo Kodomo Janai (Japanese: 未成年だけどコドモじゃない; "I May Be a Minor, But I'm Not a Child"; alternatively titled Teen Bride internationally for the live-action film) is a Japanese manga series by Kanan Minami. Miseinen Dakedo Kodomo Janai was serialized in the semi-monthly shōjo manga magazine Sho-Comi from December 5, 2012, to February 5, 2016. A live-action film adaptation of the same name was released on December 23, 2017, with the international title Teen Bride.

Maika Yamamoto
Maika Yamamoto (山本 舞香, Yamamoto Maika; born 13 October 1997) is a Japanese actress, TV personality, and fashion model. She is known for her roles as Kaede Kayano in Assassination Classroom, Chiyomi Horikiri in the 2015 television drama Minami-kun no Koibito, and Mizuki Kurata in the 2018 film adaptation of the manga series After the Rain, among others.
Eric Mazur
Eric Mazur (born November 14, 1954) is a Dutch-born American physicist and educator at Harvard University, and an entrepreneur in technology start-ups for the educational and technology markets. Mazur's research is in experimental ultrafast optics, condensed matter physics and peer instruction. Born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, he received his undergraduate and graduate degrees from Leiden University. He served as the President of Optica (formerly the Optical Society) in 2017.

Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy—and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).

A notable effect of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is attenuation of the radiation; attenuation is the gradual reduction of the intensity of light waves as they propagate through a medium.

Although the absorption of waves does not usually depend on their intensity (linear absorption), in certain conditions (optics) the medium's transparency changes by a factor that varies as a function of wave intensity, and saturable absorption (or nonlinear absorption) occurs.
Tetramolopium capillare
Tetramolopium capillare is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name pamakani. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Maui. There are four occurrences for a total of fewer than 200 individuals. It is threatened by the degradation of its habitat caused by introduced plant species. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

This plant is a spreading shrub growing up to about 80 centimeters long and bearing solitary flower heads. It grows in shrubland and chaparral habitat, often on slopes and ridges.

Chaparral
Chaparral (/ˌʃæpəˈræl, ˌtʃæp-/ SHAP-ə-RAL, CHAP-) is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, southern Oregon, and northern Baja California, part of the California floristic province. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and infrequent, high-intensity crown fires. Many chaparral shrubs have hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, as contrasted with the associated soft-leaved, drought-deciduous, scrub community of coastal sage scrub, found often on drier, southern-facing slopes.

Three other closely related chaparral shrubland systems occur in southern Arizona, western Texas, and along the eastern side of central Mexico's mountain chains, all having summer rains in contrast to the Mediterranean climate of other chaparral formations.
The Mistress of Treves
The Mistress of Treves (Italian: La Leggenda di Genoveffa) is a 1952 historical drama film directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring Rossano Brazzi, Anne Vernon and Gianni Santuccio. Made as a co-production between France, Italy and West Germany, it was filmed at the Icet Studios in Milan and on location in the Aosta Valley. It is based on the legend of Genevieve of Brabant and is set during the time of the Crusades.

Arthur Maria Rabenalt
Arthur Maria Rabenalt (25 June 1905 – 26 February 1993) was an Austrian film director, writer, and author. He directed more than 90 films between 1934 and 1978. His 1958 film That Won't Keep a Sailor Down was entered into the 1st Moscow International Film Festival. Two years later, his 1960 film Big Request Concert was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival. His career encompassed both Nazi cinema and West German productions. He also wrote several books on the 1930s and 1940s wave of German cinema.
2023 Wanneroo bushfire
The 2023 Wanneroo bushfire began on 22 November 2023 in Mariginiup in the City of Wanneroo, Western Australia. The fire forced evacuations of residents and eighteen houses were destroyed. The fire destroyed over 1,900 hectares (4,700 acres) of land, including farmland and houses in localities in the City of Wanneroo and the adjoining City of Swan. The Department of Fire and Emergency Services (DFES). The presence of fire weather was an important factor in the ignition and propagation of this fire. On 29 December, the DFES announced its findings that the fire was ignited by ground fire.

Root fire
A root fire (also known as a ground fire) is a wildfire caused by the burning of tree roots. It is a wildfire caused through underground burns generally triggered by off-trail camping or other causes. They can pose an often overlooked dangerous threat. Because a root fire burns underground, its smoke may appear just as smouldering indistinguishable from the wake of a forest fire.  These fires can reignite a wildfire or cause other natural hazards, and are also dangerous to humans and animals if trodden over, because the extreme heat can cause the soil to collapse.

Root fires are similar to peat fires, and have the same function in maximizing the risk and spread of wildfires. Peat fires, however, can cause even more environmental issues due to their composition, impacting the environment, atmosphere, and flora and fauna where they occur.
Lepidochrysops hypopolia
Lepidochrysops hypopolia, the Morant's blue (Afrikaans: Morant-bloutjie), is an extinct species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was endemic to South Africa. The species is only known from two complete male specimens, and one partial male specimen (a leg). The species is named after Walter Morant, who caught the two complete male specimens.

The complete specimens were both caught in Blue Bank, near Ladysmith, KwaZulu-Natal on 21 September 1870 by Morant. The partial specimen was discovered by Thomas Ayres near Potchefstroom, North West Province (South Africa) in 1879.

This species was listed as extinct in S. F. Henning & G. A. Henning (1989) and G. A. Henning and S. F. Henning (1992b).

Morant's complete specimens are on display at Natural History Museum, London. Ayres' partial specimen is on display in the South African Museum, Cape Town.

Potchefstroom
Potchefstroom (locally /ˈpɒtʃɛfstrʊərm/ POTCH-ef-stroorm; Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˌpɔtʃɛfˈstruəm]), known colloquially as Potch, is an academic city in the North West Province of South Africa. It hosts the Potchefstroom Campus of North-West University. Potchefstroom is situated on the Mooi River (Afrikaans for "pretty river"), approximately 120 km (75 mi) west-southwest of Johannesburg and 45 km (28 mi) east-northeast of Klerksdorp.
Costagliola
Costagliola is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dominique Costagliola (born 1954), French epidemiologist and biostatistician

Leonardo Costagliola (1921–2008), Italian football player and manager

Leonardo Costagliola
Leonardo Costagliola (Italian pronunciation: [leoˈnardo kostaʎˈʎɔːla]; 27 October 1921 – 7 March 2008) was an Italian football player and manager who played as a goalkeeper. Throughout his career, he played for several Italian clubs and represented the Italy national football team at the 1954 FIFA World Cup.
Frederic L. Morgan
Frederic L. Morgan FAIA (January 6, 1889 – May 29, 1970) was an American architect in practice in Louisville, Kentucky from 1921 until his death in 1970. Morgan spent nearly all of his career as partner responsible for design for Nevin & Morgan, the most successful architectural firm in Louisville during its existence.

Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (SBTS) is a Baptist theological institute in Louisville, Kentucky. The seminary was founded in 1859 in Greenville, South Carolina, where it was at first housed on the campus of Furman University. The seminary has been an innovator in theological education, establishing one of the first Ph.D. programs in theology and religion in the year 1892. It is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention.

After being closed during the Civil War, it moved in 1877 to a newly built campus in downtown Louisville and moved to its current location in 1926 in the Crescent Hill neighborhood. In 1953, Southern became one of the few seminaries to offer a full, accredited degree course in church music. For more than fifty years Southern has been one of the world's largest theological seminaries, with an FTE (full-time equivalent) enrollment of over 3,300 students in 2015.
Haus Municipality
Haus (historically Hougs) is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. The 198.5-square-kilometre (76.6 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now divided between Osterøy Municipality and Bergen Municipality in the traditional district of Nordhordland in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the village of Haus where Haus Church is located. Other villages in the municipality included Indre Arna, Ytre Arna, Trengereid, and Espeland.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 198.5-square-kilometre (76.6 sq mi) municipality was the 372nd largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Haus Municipality was the 60th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 10,843. The municipality's population density was 54.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (141/sq mi) and its population had increased by 16.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Ytre Arna
Ytre Arna is a village area in the borough of Arna in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. Ytre Arna is principally associated with A/S Arne Fabrikker, the country's first mechanised cotton mill. Ytre Arna Church (Ytre Arna kirke) is also located in the village.

The 1.55-square-kilometre (380-acre) village has a population (2012) of 2,626 and a population density of 1,694 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,390/sq mi). Since 2013, Statistics Norway no longer tracked separate population statistics for Ytre Arna, instead the village was incorporated into a larger urban area called Arna that includes the greater Indre Arna and Ytre Arna areas.
Jhari Falls
Jhari Falls is a waterfall in Chikmagalur district in Karnataka state, India, near Mullayanagiri and Baba Budan Giri. Water originating in the mountains flows over steep rocks, in a wide and thin white layer.

The waterfall is 267 km from Bengaluru and 24 km from Chikmagalur. Kadur Junction is the nearest railway station (57 km) and Mangaluru Airport is the nearest airport (180 kms). Taxis can be hired from Kadur or Chikmagalur, but the last five km to the falls are accessible only via jeep.

Mangalore International Airport
Mangalore International Airport (IATA: IXE, ICAO: VOML) (also known as Mangaluru International Airport) is an international airport serving the coastal city of Mangaluru in the state of Karnataka, India. It is one of only two international airports in the state, the other being Kempegowda International Airport in the capital city of Bengaluru. Mangalore International Airport is the second-busiest airport in the state. In addition to domestic destinations, flights depart daily for major cities in the Middle East. The airport was named Bajpe Aerodrome, when it opened on 25 December 1951 by the former and First Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, who arrived on a Douglas DC-3 aircraft.
Horsbrugh
Horsbrugh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Horsbrugh-Porter (1907-1986), British Army officer and member of the Horsbrugh-Porter baronets

Boyd Robert Horsbrugh (1871–1916), English ornithologist and military officer

Florence Horsbrugh, Baroness Horsbrugh (1889–1969), Scottish politician

Oliver Horsbrugh (1937–2009), British television director

Patrick Horsbrugh (1920–2014), British architecture professor

Boyd Robert Horsbrugh
Boyd Robert Horsbrugh (27 July 1871 – 11 July 1916) was an English ornithologist and military man, best known for his 1912 book The Gamebirds and Waterfowl of South Africa, a collaborative work with Claude Gibney Finch-Davies.
Eve Sweetser
Eve Eliot Sweetser is a professor of linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. She received her Ph.D. in Linguistics from UC Berkeley in 1984, and has been a member of the Berkeley faculty since that time. She has served as Director of Berkeley's undergraduate Cognitive Science Program and is Director of the Celtic Studies Program.

Sweetser has published articles on topics including modality, polysemy, metaphor, conditional constructions, grammatical meaning, performativity, gesture, and Medieval Welsh poetics. Some of her more accessible work focuses on gesture, but her other research interests include historical linguistics, semantics, metaphor and iconicity, subjectivity and viewpoint, and the Celtic language family.

Conditional sentence
A conditional sentence is a sentence in a natural language that expresses that one thing is contingent on another, e.g., "If it rains, the picnic will be cancelled." They are so called because the impact of the sentence’s main clause is conditional on a subordinate clause. A full conditional thus contains two clauses: the subordinate clause, called the antecedent (or protasis or if-clause), which expresses the condition, and the main clause, called the consequent (or apodosis or then-clause) expressing the result.

To form conditional sentences, languages use a variety of grammatical forms and constructions. The forms of verbs used in the antecedent and consequent are often subject to particular rules as regards their tense, aspect, and mood. Many languages have a specialized type of verb form called the conditional mood – broadly equivalent in meaning to the English "would (do something)" – for use in some types of conditional sentences.
1985 Cook Islands Round Cup
The 1985 season of the Cook Islands Round Cup was the sixteenth recorded season of top flight association football competition in the Cook Islands, with any results between 1951 and 1969 currently unknown. Arorangi won the championship, their first recorded championship, and only the second recorded time since the inaugural season in 1950 that the title had not been won by Titikaveka, following Avatiu's victory in the 1980 season.

Avatiu F.C.
Avatiu FC is a football club based in Avatiu, Cook Islands. It currently plays in Cook Islands Round Cup the main football league competition. They have won six championships and nine Cook Islands Cups, more than any other team.
Japanese ship Katori
At least three warships of Japan have borne the name Katori:

Japanese battleship Katori, a Katori-class battleship of the Imperial Japanese Navy launched in 1905 and decommissioned in 1923

Japanese cruiser Katori, a Katori-class cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy launched in 1939 and sunk in 1944

JDS Katori (TV-3501), a training vessel of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force launched in 1968 and decommissioned in 1998

Katori-class cruiser
The Katori-class training cruisers (香取型練習巡洋艦, Katori-gata renshū-jun'yōkan) were originally ordered by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) to serve as training ships in the 1937 and 1939 Supplementary Naval budgets. During the Pacific War, they were used as administrative flagships for various fleets, such as submarine command and control, and to command escort squadrons. The ships were upgraded as the war progressed with additional anti-aircraft guns and depth charges.
Pygmalion (Benda)
Pygmalion is a monodrama in one act by composer Georg Benda with a German libretto by Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter. The opera's first performance was at the Ekhof Theatre, the court theatre in Gotha, on 20 September 1779. Pygmalion was the fourth of the five theatrical collaborations of Benda and Gotter. Gotter based his text on Jean-Jacques Rousseau's 1762 play Pygmalion. Benda's melodrama is unusual as it has no singing roles. Two of the three characters, Pygmalion and Galatea, are spoken roles; the other, Venus, is silently acted on stage.

Venus (mythology)
Venus (/ˈviːnəs/; Classical Latin: [ˈwɛnʊs]) is a Roman goddess whose functions encompass love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory. In Roman mythology, she was the ancestor of the Roman people through her son, Aeneas, who survived the fall of Troy and fled to Italy. Julius Caesar claimed her as his ancestor. Venus was central to many religious festivals, and was revered in Roman religion under numerous cult titles.

The Romans adapted the myths and iconography of her Greek counterpart Aphrodite for Roman art and Latin literature. In the later classical tradition of the West, Venus became one of the most widely referenced deities of Greco-Roman mythology as the embodiment of love and sexuality. As such, she is usually depicted nude.