hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jeopardy! (franchise)
Jeopardy! is an American media franchise that began with a television quiz show created by Merv Griffin, in which contestants are presented with clues in the form of answers, and must phrase their responses in the form of a question. Over the years, the show has expanded its brand beyond television and been licensed into products of various formats.

Art Fleming
Arthur Fleming Fazzin (May 1, 1924 – April 25, 1995) was an American actor and television host. He hosted the first version of the television game show Jeopardy!, which aired on NBC from 1964 until 1975 and again from 1978 to 1979.
Aminopenicillin
The aminopenicillins are members of the penicillin family that are structural analogs of ampicillin (which is the 2-amino derivative of benzylpenicillin, hence the name). Like other penicillins and beta-lactam antibiotics, they contain a beta-lactam ring that is crucial to its antibacterial activity.

In the aminopenicillins the amino group is protonated to give the ammonium derivative, which enhances their uptake through bacterial porin channels. This does not, however, prevent resistance conferred by bacterial beta-lactamases.  Members of this family include ampicillin, amoxicillin and bacampicillin.

Porin (protein)
Porins are beta barrel proteins that cross a cellular membrane and act as a pore, through which molecules can diffuse. Unlike other membrane transport proteins, porins are large enough to allow passive diffusion, i.e., they act as channels that are specific to different types of molecules. They are present in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive mycobacteria (mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes), the outer membrane of mitochondria, and the outer chloroplast membrane (outer plastid membrane).
Victoria Kuzyakina
Viktorija Kuzjakina (born 1 June 1985) is a Russian female volleyball player, playing as a libero. She is part of the Russia women's national volleyball team.

She competed at the 2009, 2011 and 2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship. 
She participated in the 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.
On club level she plays for VK Omička.

2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 29th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted by Netherlands and Belgium from 26 September to 4 October 2015. The championship managers were the Dutch Olympic gold volleyball medalist Peter Blange and the former Belgian volleyball player Virginie De Carne. Russia defeated Netherlands 3–0 in the final to capture their 19th title, while Tatiana Kosheleva was elected most valuable player back to back.
Basil (name)
The name Basil (royal, kingly) comes from the male Greek name Vassilios (Greek: Βασίλειος, female version Bασιλεία), which first appeared during the Hellenistic period. It is derived from "basileus" (Greek: βασιλεύς), a Greek word of pre-Hellenic origin, meaning "king", from which words such as basilica and basilisk (via Latin) as well as the eponymous herb basil (via Old French) derive, and the name of the Italian region Basilicata, which had been long under the rule of the Byzantine Emperor (also called basileus).

Derived names in different languages include Barsegh in Armenian; Basile in French; Basilius in German; Basilio in Italian and Spanish; Basílio in Portuguese; Basileo in Galician; Vasyl in Ukraine; Vasile in Romanian; Vasil in Bulgarian; Vasilije in Serbian; Vasiliy in Russian; Bazil, Bazsó, Vászoly and Vazul in Hungarian.

Notable people with the name include:

Basil
Basil (Ocimum basilicum), also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae (mints). It is a tender plant, and is used in cuisines worldwide. In Western cuisine, the generic term "basil" refers to the variety also known as Genovese basil or sweet basil. Basil is native to tropical regions from Central Africa to Southeast Asia. In temperate climates basil is treated as an annual plant, but it can be grown as a short-lived perennial or biennial in warmer horticultural zones with tropical or Mediterranean climates.

There are many varieties of basil including sweet basil, Thai basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora), and Mrs. Burns' Lemon (O. basilicum var. citriodora). O. basilicum can cross-pollinate with other species of the Ocimum genus, producing hybrids such as lemon basil (O. × africanum) and African blue basil (O. × kilimandscharicum).
Grade I listed buildings in Anglesey
In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In Wales, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Cadw.

Town and Country Planning Act 1947
The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 51) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom passed by the Labour government led by Clement Attlee. It came into effect on 1 July 1948, and along with the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 53) was the foundation of modern town and country planning in the United Kingdom.

Today the main statutes in England and Wales are the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 and the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, supported by the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) introduced in 2012. In Scotland the main statute is the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 and the Planning etc. (Scotland) Act 2006, supported by the National Policy Framework. In Northern Ireland it is the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011.
Farma season 5
Farma 5 - Znovuzrodenie (English: The Farm 5 - Rebirth) is the Slovak version of The Farm reality television show based on the Swedish television series of the same name. The show filmed from August 2014 to November 2014 and premiered on August 28, 2014 on Markíza.

Markíza
Markíza (also known as Televízia Markíza) is a Slovak television channel launched on August 31, 1996. The channel was founded by a later politician Pavol Rusko, and is now part of the Central European Media Enterprises (CME). It also operates television channels Doma (since 2009), Dajto (since 2012), Markíza International (since 2016), Markíza KRIMI (since 2022), and Markíza Klasik (since 2024).
In 2020, CME was bought out by Peter Kellner's investment group PPF. PPF is therefore the new owner of TV Markíza.

In addition to its news and local programs, TV Markíza has secured exclusive broadcast rights to a variety of popular American and European films and series

TV Markíza's programming is also available through the Slovak streaming service Voyo, mobile applications

The General Director of CME's operations in Slovakia is Peter Gažík.
Coins of the United States dollar
Coins of the United States dollar – aside from those of the earlier Continental currency – were first minted in 1792. New coins have been produced annually and they comprise a significant aspect of the United States currency system. Circulating coins exist in denominations of 1¢ (i.e. 1 cent or $0.01), 5¢, 10¢, 25¢, 50¢, and $1.00. Also minted are bullion, including gold, silver and platinum, and commemorative coins. All of these are produced by the United States Mint. The coins are then sold to Federal Reserve Banks which in turn put coins into circulation and withdraw them as demanded by the United States economy.

Silver coin
Silver coins are one of the oldest mass-produced form of coinage. Silver has been used as a coinage metal since the times of the Greeks; their silver drachmas were popular trade coins. The ancient Persians used silver coins between 612–330 BC. Before 1797, British pennies were made of silver.

As with all collectible coins, many factors determine the value of a silver coin, such as its rarity, demand, condition and the number originally minted. Ancient silver coins coveted by collectors include the Denarius and Miliarense, while more recent collectible silver coins include the Morgan Dollar and the Spanish Milled Dollar.

Other than collector's silver coins, silver bullion coins are popular among people who desire a "hedge" against currency inflation or store of value. Silver has an international currency symbol of XAG under ISO 4217.
Kim Hak-sung
Kim Hak-sung (김학성; born February 28, 1968) is a professional wheelchair curler from South Korea.He lost his function of his lower body due to an industrial hazard while working as a construction worker in 1991. He is the skip for the South Korean team at the 2010 Winter Paralympics. He graduated from Seoul Institute of the Arts. In addition to wheelchair curling, he has represented South Korea in both javelin, discus throw and shot put. His hobbies are internet gaming, fishing, and wheelchair basketball. His home wheelchair curling club is Wonju Yonsei Dream located in Gangwon.

Skip (curling)
In the sport of curling, the skip is the captain of a team. The skip determines strategy, and holds the broom in the house (target area) to indicate where a teammate at the other end of the curling sheet (playing area) should aim the stone. The skip usually throws the last two stones in the fourth position, but may play in any other position.

Sometimes "skipper" is used; it can also be abbreviated as "S". It's also used as a verb ("skips", "skipped", "skipping").

It is conventional to identify a team by the name of the skip.
1997 Norwegian Second Division
The 1997 2. divisjon, the third highest association football league for men in Norway.

22 games were played in 8 groups, with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Kjelsås, Raufoss, Ullern and Strindheim were promoted to the First Division through playoffs against the other 4 group winners. Number ten, eleven and twelve were relegated to the 3. divisjon. The winning teams from each of the 19 groups in the 3. divisjon, plus some number-two teams, were promoted to the 2. divisjon.

Kjelsås Fotball
Kjelsås Fotball is the association football section of the sports club Kjelsås IL, based in the Kjelsås/Grefsen area of Oslo, Norway. The club was founded in 1913. It currently plays in the 2. divisjon, having been relegated from the 1. divisjon in 2001.

Kjelsås played play-off against Kongsvinger to earn promotion to Tippeligaen in 1998, but lost 7–2 on aggregate. On 11 May 2011, Kjelsås eliminated the top-tier team Vålerenga in the second round of the 2011 Norwegian Cup.

Kjelsås Fotball had 1370 players (of these about 460 female) registered in 2019, divided in 55 teams.
1857 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1857.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
McConnells Mill State Park
McConnells Mill State Park is a 2,546 acres (1,030 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Perry and Slippery Rock Townships, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park features a deep scenic gorge with the restored watermill and a covered bridge at the bottom, accessible by a roadway that winds between large, room-sized boulders on the hillside.  McConnells Mill State Park is along the Slippery Rock Creek. just southwest of the intersection of US 422 and US 19.

McConnells Mill State Park was chosen by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) and its Bureau of Parks as one of "25 Must-See Pennsylvania State Parks".

Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR), established in 1995, is the agency in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania responsible for maintaining and preserving the state's 124 state parks and 20 state forests; providing information on the state's natural resources; and working with communities to benefit local recreation and natural areas. The agency has its headquarters in the Rachel Carson State Office Building in Harrisburg.
Kutianka, Ternopil Oblast
Kutianka (Ukrainian: Кутянка) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Kremenets Raion, Shumsk urban hromada.  After the liquidation of the Shumsk Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Shumsk Raion
Shumsk Raion (Ukrainian: Шумський район) was a former raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Shumsk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Shumsk Raion was merged into Kremenets Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 32,625 (2020 est.).

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Shumsk urban hromada with the administration in Shumsk;

Velyki Dederkaly rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Velyki Dederkaly.
James Joyce Tower and Museum
The James Joyce Tower and Museum is a Martello tower in Sandycove, Dublin, where James Joyce spent six nights in 1904. The opening scenes of his 1922 novel Ulysses take place here,
and the tower is a place of pilgrimage for Joyce enthusiasts, especially on Bloomsday. Admission is free.

Michael Scott (architect)
Michael Scott (24 June 1905 – 24 January 1989) was an Irish architect whose buildings included the Busáras building in Dublin, Cork Opera House, the Abbey Theatre and both Tullamore and Portlaoise Hospitals.
Ryan Martinez (politician)
Ryan Martinez is an American Republican politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 39th District from 2016 through his resignation in 2023. An influential member during his tenure, Martinez resigned after charges for driving under the influence generated a political scandal and a lawsuit seeking his removal from office.

Born in Edmond, Oklahoma, Martinez attended the University of Colorado before returning to Oklahoma to work as staff for Jim Inhofe and T.W. Shannon. During his tenure in the Oklahoma house, he chaired the redistricting commission after the 2020 United States Census and the Swadley's BBQ committee investigation. He pleaded to driving under the influence charges in 2014 and August 2023. After his plea bargain in 2023, Martinez announced his intention to resign from office effective September 1, 2023.

Political scandal
In politics, a political scandal is an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage. Politicians, government officials, party officials and lobbyists can be accused of various illegal, corrupt,  unethical or sexual practices. Politicians and officials who are embroiled in scandals are more likely to retire or get lower vote shares.
Gloria Oyarzabal
Gloria Oyarzabal (born 1971) is a Spanish visual artist and teacher who works in photography and cinema. She was the co-founder of the Independent Cinema “La Enana Marrón” (The Brown Dwarf) in Madrid (1999–2009), a theater that showcased films d'auteur and "experimental and alternative cinema." She is the winner of several international photography awards and prizes.

Film d'auteur
Film d'auteur (also called cinéma d'auteur) is an expression used to describe the films of a film director or a screenwriter which reflect their artistic personality. This term seeks before all to link the work of a filmmaker to preferred themes and the coherence of an innovative and singular style. It is, however, a subjective notion of which there is no rigorous definition. Film d'auteur is frequently grouped with "Cinéma d'art et d'essai" or research cinema.
Hafdar District
Hafdar District (Persian: بخش هفدر) is in Sorkheh County, Semnan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mowmenabad, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 1,796 in 585 households.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
Discovery Stakes
The Discovery Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually during the latter part of November at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens, New York. A Listed  event open to three-year-old horses, it is contested on dirt over a distance of one and one eighth miles (nine furlongs).

In its 72nd running in 2016, the race honors the great thoroughbred Discovery, the 1935 American Horse of the Year owned and raced by Alfred G. Vanderbilt II.  In the list of the top 100 U.S. thoroughbred champions of the 20th Century by Blood-Horse magazine, Discovery ranks 37th.

Based at Aqueduct, the Discovery Handicap was inaugurated at Belmont Park where it was run from 1945–1958, and again in 1960–1961, 1968–1970. In one year, 1974, the race was run in two divisions. In 2005 it was contested at a distance of a mile and one sixteenth.  The largest winning margin was 9 1/4 lengths.

Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr.
Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr. (September 22, 1912 – November 12, 1999) was a British-born member of the prominent Vanderbilt railroad family, and a noted figure of American thoroughbred horse racing. He was the youngest-ever member of The Jockey Club, president of Belmont Racetrack, New York, and Pimlico Race Course, Baltimore, and chairman of the board of the New York Racing Association. In World War II, he was decorated for bravery in the South Pacific.
Platanthera elongata
Platanthera elongata is a species of orchid known by the common names denseflower rein orchid, chaparral orchid and wood rein-orchid. It is native to western North America from British Columbia and Montana to southern California, where it grows in mountain forests and scrub habitat. This orchid grows erect to about 1.3 meters in maximum height from a bulbous caudex, its stem becoming narrow toward the tip. The basal leaves are up to 30 centimeters long by 6.5 wide. Leaves higher on the stem are much reduced. The upper part of the stem is a spikelike inflorescence of many small green flowers which are sometimes densely arranged. They are sometimes faintly and variably fragrant in the evenings. The spur on each flower may be up to 1.5 centimeters long.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
Pauli Puhakka
Pauli Antero Puhakka (4 January 1926 – 17 December 2011) was a Finnish politician, born in Ilomantsi. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1954 to 1983, representing the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL). Puhakka was a member of the Communist Party of Finland (SKP). He was a presidential elector in the 1956, 1962, 1968 and 1978 presidential elections.

1962 Finnish presidential election
Two-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1962. On 15 and 16 January the public elected presidential electors to an electoral college. They in turn elected the President. The result was a victory for Urho Kekkonen, who won on the first ballot. The turnout for the popular vote was 81.5%.
Adiel Paananen
Adiel Arthur Paananen (January 3, 1897 – July 25, 1968) was a Finnish cross-country skier in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

He was born and died in the town of Saarijärvi, located in the Central Finland region.

At the 1928 Winter Olympics, he competed in the 50 km event but did not finish. Paananen won a bronze medal at the 1930 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in the 50 km event.

Regions of Finland
Finland is divided into 19 regions (Finnish: maakunta; Swedish: landskap)
which are governed by regional councils that serve as forums of cooperation for the municipalities of each region. The councils are composed of delegates from the municipal councils. The main tasks of regional councils are regional planning, the development of enterprises, and education. Between 2004 and 2012, the regional council of Kainuu was elected via popular elections as part of an experimental regional administration.

In 2022, new Wellbeing services counties were established as part of a health care and social services reform. The wellbeing services counties follow the regional borders, and are governed by directly elected county councils.
Graybill
Graybill is a surname of German origin of which the earliest known bearers were from Grosshöchstetten in the canton of Bern. The name was recorded as early as 1728 in America when an Eva Grabiel was married to a Christian Wenger in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Many of its early bearers were Amish or Mennonites. An old form of the name is Krähenbühl which means "crow's hill". Other forms of the same name include Grabill, Kraybill and Krehbiel, seldom also Krabill, Krebill, Krahenbühl, Crayenbühl and others. Notable people with the surname include:

Dale L. Graybill, American fraudster

Jacob W. Graybill (1861–1934), American politician.

Joseph Graybill (1887–1913), American silent film actor

Henry Graybill Lamar (1798–1861), United States Representative, lawyer, and jurist from Georgia

Mike Graybill (born 1966), American football tackle

Raph Graybill (born 1989), American attorney

Savannah Graybill (born 1988), American skeleton racer

Joseph Graybill
Joseph Graybill (April 17, 1887 – August 3, 1913) was an American silent film actor. He appeared in several films directed by D.W. Griffith.
Graybill joined the Biograph Company around 1909 in New York City. By 1910 Griffith was the main director. Graybill worked with Biograph in 1911 in California.